Genotzìdiu culturale de sos Uiguros

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    <title>Genotzìdiu culturale de sos Uiguros</title>
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[[File:Demonstration for the rights of the Uyghurs in Berlin 2020-01-19 09.jpg|thumb|320x320px|Manifestatzione pro is deretos de sos [[Uiguros]] in [[Berlinu]] a primìtziu de su 2020]]
Is crìticos de su tratamentu tzinesu de sos [[uiguros]] ant acusadu su guvernu tzinesu de una polìtica de [[sinizatzione]] in su [[Xinjiang]] durante [[su de 21 sèculos]], definende custa polìtica un''''[[etnotzìdiu]]''' o unu '''[[genotzìdiu culturale]] de sos [[uiguros]]'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/china-muslim-children-uighur-family-separation-thought-education-a8989296.html|tìtulu=‘Cultural genocide’: China separating thousands of Muslim children from parents for ‘thought education’|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/cultural-genocide-for-repressed-minority-of-uighurs-bp0w6dw89|tìtulu=‘Cultural genocide’ for repressed minority of Uighurs|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/chinese-oppression-of-the-uighurs-like-cultural-genocide-a-1298171.html|tìtulu='The Equivalent of Cultural Genocide'|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/48508182-d426-11e9-8367-807ebd53ab77|tìtulu=Fear and oppression in Xinjiang: China’s war on Uighur culture|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2075-471X/9/1/1|tìtulu=The Uyghur Minority in China: A Case Study of Cultural Genocide, Minority Rights and the Insufficiency of the International Legal Framework in Preventing State-Imposed Extinction|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=508909415820545;res=IELIAC|tìtulu=China's crime against Uyghurs is a form of genocide|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In piessignu, est istada posta in evidèntzia sa cuntzentratzione de uiguros in is [[Campos de re-educatzione de su Xinjiang|campos de re-educatzione isponsorizados dae s'Istadu]] (istimada in 1-3 milliones de persones, subra unos 11 milliones de uiguros presentes in Tzina),&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/china-detaining-over-million-muslims-concentration-camps-but-world-silent-uighur-state-department-ministerial.html|tìtulu=China Detaining Over 1 Million Muslims in Concentration Camps but the World Is Silent, Believer Says|situ=www.christianpost.com|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/camps-05092018154928.html|tìtulu=Authorities in Xinjiang’s Kashgar Detain Uyghurs at ‘Open Political Re-Education Camps’|situ=Radio Free Asia|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.axios.com/chinas-re-education-camps-for-muslims-uyghurs-d95e9f04-0a60-4f19-b30d-6b36e4adb29f.html|tìtulu=Shocking details emerge from China's re-education camps for Muslims|situ=Axios|limba=en|atzessu=2020-09-29|dataarchìviu=2018-07-20|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720040154/https://www.axios.com/chinas-re-education-camps-for-muslims-uyghurs-d95e9f04-0a60-4f19-b30d-6b36e4adb29f.html|urlmortu=eja}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2018/05/an-entire-culture-is-being-criminalized-details-emerge-about-xinjiang-reeducation-camp-system/|tìtulu=Details Emerge About Xinjiang Reeducation Camp System – China Digital Times (CDT)|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.voachinese.com/a/4383631.html|tìtulu=学者：新疆再教育营关人或近百万 警察抓人有指标|limba=zh|situ=美国之音}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/12/central-asians-organize-to-draw-attention-to-xinjiang-camps/|autore=Catherine Putz, The Diplomat|tìtulu=Central Asians Organize to Draw Attention to Xinjiang Camps|situ=The Diplomat|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://apnews.com/61cdf7f5dfc34575aa643523b3c6b3fe|tìtulu=Woman describes torture, beatings in Chinese detention camp|situ=AP NEWS|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-concentrationcamps-idUSKCN1S925K|nàmene=Phil|sambenadu=Stewart|tìtulu=China putting minority Muslims in 'concentration camps,' U.S. says|publicatzione=Reuters|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208091303/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-concentrationcamps-idUSKCN1S925K}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/religionglobalsociety/2018/09/the-entire-uyghur-population-is-seemingly-being-treated-as-suspect-chinas-persecution-of-its-muslim-minority/|tìtulu=‘The entire Uyghur population is seemingly being treated as suspect’: China’s persecution of its Muslim minority|situ=Religion and Global Society|data=2018-09-18|limba=en|atzessu=2021-08-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; sa reprimida de is pràticas religiosas e culturales uiguras&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita publicatzione|autore=Congressional Research Service|data=18 làmpadas 2019|tìtulu=Uyghurs in China|rivista=Congressional Research Service|limba=en|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IF10281.pdf|atzessu=2020-09-29|dataarchìviu=2020-12-18|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218075723/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IF10281.pdf|urlmortu=eja}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canadian-went-to-china-to-debunk-reports-of-anti-muslim-repression-but-was-shocked-by-treatment-of-uyghurs|tìtulu=Canadian went to China to debunk reports of anti-Muslim repression, but was 'shocked' by treatment of Uyghurs|situ=National Post|limba=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt; e is testimonias de presumidas violatziones de is [[deretos umanos]], intre chi [[Isterilizatzione obligatòria|isterilizatzione fortzada]] e [[contratzetzione]] (su chi at giùghidu mèdias medas a chistionare de &quot;'''genotzìdiu demogràficu'''&quot; pro neghe de s'abasciamentu forte de su [[tassu de nàschida]] in àreas de Tzina cun una fita manna de populatzione uigura).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.heritage.org/asia/commentary/chinas-forced-sterilization-uighur-women-cultural-genocide|tìtulu=China’s Forced Sterilization of Uighur Women Is Cultural Genocide|situ=The Heritage Foundation|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc&quot;&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-53220713|data=29 làmpadas 2020|tìtulu=China 'using birth control' to suppress Uighurs|publicatzione=BBC News|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629222610/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-53220713|dataarchìviu=29 làmpadas 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=http://www.ilpost.it/2020/07/25/genocidio-uiguri-cina-musulmani/|tìtulu=Il &quot;genocidio demografico&quot; degli uiguri|situ=Il Post|data=25 trìulas 2020|limba=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.linkiesta.it/2020/07/uiguri-cina-genocidio-campi-paesi-islamici-silenzio/|tìtulu=Senza religione {{!}} La repressione degli uiguri in Cina continua, nel silenzio dei Paesi musulmani|situ=Linkiesta.it|data=31 trìulas 2020|limba=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.ilmessaggero.it/mind_the_gap/cina_aborto_sterilizzazione_donne_uigure_genocidio-5318778.html|tìtulu=Cina, le donne uigure costrette all'aborto e alla sterilizzazione: «É un genocidio»|situ=www.ilmessaggero.it|limba=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In intro de s'[[ONU]] 23 Istados membros cundennant is polìticas de sa [[Cina|Tzina]] in su [[Xinjiang]] e 54 Paisos ddas apoderant.

== Cuntestu istòricu ==

=== Cunflitu in su Xinjiang ===
Dinastias tzinesas vàrias ant istoricamente esertzitadu su controllu subra partes de su modernu [[Xinjiang]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Clarke2011&quot;&gt;{{Tzita libru|autore=Clarke|nùmene=Michael E.|tìtulu=Xinjiang and China's Rise in Central Asia – A History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRhHphtBg-QC&amp;pg=PA16|data=8 martzu 2011|editore=Taylor &amp; Francis|limba=en|p=16|ISBN=978-1-136-82706-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa regione fiat colada suta su domìniu tzinesu modernu a fatu de s'ispaniadura cara a ovest de sa [[dinastia Qing]], chi aiat bidu fintzas is conchistas de su [[Tibet]] e de sa [[Mongòlia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NYBooks&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2019/02/07/reeducating-xinjiangs-muslims/|tìtulu=‘Reeducating’ Xinjiang’s Muslims|autore=James Millward|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

A pustis de sa bochidura in su 1928 de [[Yang Zengxin]], su guvernadore de su [[Khanadu Kumul]] semi-autònomu in su Xinjiang orientale, suta sa [[Repùblica de Tzina]], [[Jin Shuren]], fiat sutzèdidu a Yang che guvernadore de su Khanadu. A sa morte de su Kamul Khan [[Maqsud Shah]] in su 1930, Jin aiat abolidu in manera cumprida su Khanadu e aiat pigadu su controllu de sa regione che a [[perìodu de is sennores de sa gherra|sennore de sa gherra]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Forbes-1986&quot;&gt;{{Tzita libru|autore=Forbes|nùmene=Andrew D.|tìtulu=Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949 W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ|ed=illustrated|annu=1986|editore=Cambridge University Press|limba=en|ISBN=978-0-521-25514-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; In su [[1933]], sa [[prima repùblica de Turkestan orientale]] fiat fundada durante sa [[rebellia Kumul]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dillon-2014&quot;&gt;{{Tzita libru|autore=Dillon|nùmene=Michael|tìtulu=Xinjiang and the Expansion of Chinese Communist Power: Kashgar in the Early Twentieth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J2MtBAAAQBAJ|annu=2014|editore=Routledge|limba=en|ISBN=978-1-317-64721-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; In su [[1934]], sa Prima Repùblica de su Turkestan fiat conchistada dae su sennore de sa gherra [[Sheng Shicai]] cun s'agiudu de s'[[Unione Sovietica|Unione Soviètica]] in antis chi Sheng si torraret a apaghiare cun sa Repùblica de Tzina, in su [[1942]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Starr-2004&quot;&gt;{{Tzita libru|curadore=Starr|tìtulu=Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GXj4a3gss8wC&amp;pg=PA243|ed=illustrated|annu=2004|editore=M.E. Sharpe|limba=en|ISBN=978-0-7656-1318-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; In su [[1944]], sa [[rebellia Ili]] aiat batidu a sa segunda repùblica de Turkestan orientale, dipendente de s'[[Unione Sovietica|Unione Soviètica]] pro su cummèrtziu, sas armas e su &quot;tàtzitu cunsensu&quot; pro s'esistèntzia sua in antis de èssere surbida in sa [[Cina|Repùblica Populare Tzinesa]] in su [[1949]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Benson-1990-4041&quot;&gt;{{Tzita libru|autore=Benson|nùmene=Linda|tìtulu=The Ili Rebellion: the Moslem Challenge to Chinese Authority in Xinjiang, 1944–1949|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=suuXIhetjZcC|annu=1990|editore=M.&amp;nbsp;E. Sharpe|limba=en|ISBN=978-0-87332-509-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

De sos annos '50 a sos annos '70, su guvernu tzinesu aiat isponsorizadu una migratzione de massa de tzinesos [[Han]] in sa regione e aiat introduidu una sèrie de polìticas pro suprimire s'identidade culturale e sa religione de sos [[uiguros]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita publicatzione|annu=2005|mese=04|tìtulu=Post 9/11: labeling Uighurs terrorists|rivista=Human Rights Watch|volume=17|nùmeru=2|p=16|limba=en|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2005/china0405/china0405.pdf|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417204133/https://www.hrw.org/reports/2005/china0405/china0405.pdf|urlmortu=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Durante custu perìodu fiant bessidas a pitzu organizatziones separatistas uiguras vàrias cun unu potentziale amparu de s'[[Unione Sovietica|Unione Soviètica]], cun su Partidu populare de su Turkestan orientale chi fiat su prus mannu in su [[1968]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Clarke-2011-69&quot;&gt;{{Tzita libru|autore=Clarke|nùmene=Michael E.|tìtulu=Xinjiang and China's Rise in Central Asia - A History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRhHphtBg-QC|annu=2011|editore=Taylor &amp; Francis|limba=en|p=69|ISBN=978-1-136-82706-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Durante sos annos '70, is sovièticos sustentaiant su Fronte rivolutzionàriu unidu de su Turkestan orientale (URFET) in funtzione anti-tzinesa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reed-Raschke-2010-37&quot;&gt;{{Tzita libru|autore=Reed|autore2=Raschke|nùmene2=Diana|tìtulu=The ETIM: China's Islamic Militants and the Global Terrorist Threat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5I2b_hrJO8sC|annu=2010|editore=ABC-CLIO|limba=en|p=37|ISBN=978-0-313-36540-9|nome=J. Todd}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In su [[1997]], una retada de sa politzia e s'esecutzione de 30 suspetados separatistas durante su [[Ramadan]] aiat batidu a manifestatziones mannas in su freàrgiu 1997 chi aiant portadu a s'[[intzidente de Ghulja]], una repressione violenta a banda de s'[[Esèrtzitu populare de liberatzione tzinesa]] chi aiat fatu a su nessi noe mortos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.hrw.org/backgrounder/asia/china-bck1017.htm|tìtulu=China: Human Rights Concerns in Xinjiang|situ=Human Rights Watch|limba=en|atzessu=2020-09-30|dataarchìviu=2008-11-12|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20081112153554/http://www.hrw.org/backgrounder/asia/china-bck1017.htm|urlmortu=eja}}&lt;/ref&gt; Custu aiat batidu a un'escalation: is atentados in is postales de [[Ürümqi]] a sa fine de su mese diant ochire a noe persones cun responsabilidades reconnotas dae is grupos de esiliados uiguros.&lt;ref name=&quot;Millward-2007&quot;&gt;{{Tzita libru|autore=Millward|tìtulu=Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8FVsWq31MtMC&amp;pg=PA104|ed=illustrated|annu=2007|editore=Columbia University Press|limba=en|ISBN=978-0-231-13924-3|nome=James A.}}&lt;/ref&gt; In su mese de martzu 1997, una bomba in unu postale aiat ochidu duas persones cun responsabilidades rivendicadas dae is separatistas uiguros e de s'Organizatzione pro sa libertade de su Turkistan orientale cun sede in [[Turchia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Debata-2007-170&quot;&gt;{{Tzita libru|autore=Debata|nùmene=Mahesh Ranjan|tìtulu=China's Minorities: Ethnic-religious Separatism in Xinjiang|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Xe8CUZ0_r4C&amp;pg=PA170|data=2007|editore=Pentagon Press|limba=en|p=170|ISBN=978-81-8274-325-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In su mese de trìulas de su [[2009]], in su Xinjiang fiant tzocados avolotos in resposta a una perrica violenta intre traballadores uiguros e tzinesos Han in una fàbrica chi aiant provocadu prus de chentu mortos.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian-riots-2009&quot;&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|nùmene=Tania|sambenadu=Branigan|nùmene2=Jonathan|sambenadu2=Watts|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/05/china-uighur-riots-xianjing|tìtulu=Muslim Uighurs riot as ethnic tensions rise in China|publicatzione=The Guardian|tzitade=London|data=5 trìulas 2009|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907001330/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/05/china-uighur-riots-xianjing|dataarchìviu=7 cabudanni 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; A pustis de sos abbolotos, unos uiguros terroristas aiant ochidu dusinas de tzinesos Han in atacos coordinados dae su [[2009]] a su [[2016]],&lt;ref name=&quot;NPR-lockdown&quot;&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2017/09/26/553463964/wary-of-unrest-among-uighur-minority-china-locks-down-xinjiang-province|tìtulu=Wary Of Unrest Among Uighur Minority, China Locks Down Xinjiang Region|publicatzione=NPR|data=26 cabudanni 2017|tzitatzione=In the years that followed, Uighur terrorists killed dozens of Han Chinese in brutal, coordinated attacks at train stations and government offices. A few Uighurs have joined ISIS, and Chinese authorities are worried about more attacks on Chinese soil.|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203002355/https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2017/09/26/553463964/wary-of-unrest-among-uighur-minority-china-locks-down-xinjiang-province|dataarchìviu=3 freàrgiu 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;QZ-tensions&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://qz.com/993601/china-uyghur-terrorism/|tìtulu=China created a new terrorist threat by repressing secessionist fervor in its western frontier|situ=Quartz|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; comente pro esempru s'[[Atentadu a s'istatzione ferruviària de Kunming|atacu cun gurteddu in su martzu 2014 in s'istatzione ferruviària de Kunming]].&lt;ref name=&quot;timemag&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=http://world.time.com/2014/03/01/deadly-terror-attack-in-southwestern-china-blamed-on-separatist-muslim-uighurs/|tìtulu=Deadly Terrorist Attack in Southwestern China Blamed on Separatist Muslim Uighurs|limba=en|atzessu=2020-09-30|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303233213/http://world.time.com/2014/03/01/deadly-terror-attack-in-southwestern-china-blamed-on-separatist-muslim-uighurs/|dataarchìviu=2014-03-03|deadurl=eja}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is atacos fiant istados ghiados dae separatistas uiguros, carchiunu ordingiadu dae s'organizatzione terroristica disinnada dae is [[ONU|Natziones Unidas]]&lt;ref name=&quot;UN-ETIM&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/unpan025885.htm|tìtulu=Governance Asia-Pacific Watch|autore=UNPAN|limba=en|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829203050/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/unpan025885.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Su [[Partidu Islàmicu de Turkistan]] (ex Movimentu Islàmicu de Turkistan Orientale).&lt;ref name=&quot;diplomat-2017&quot;&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|nùmene=Adrien|sambenadu=Morin|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/02/is-chinas-counterterrorism-policy-in-xinjiang-working/|tìtulu=Is China's Counterterrorism Policy in Xinjiang Working?|publicatzione=The Diplomat|data=23 freàrgiu 2017|tzitatzione=according to Kyrgyzstan state security, the attack was ordered by Uyghur militants active in Syria and carried out by a member of ETIM.|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203050918/https://thediplomat.com/2017/02/is-chinas-counterterrorism-policy-in-xinjiang-working/|dataarchìviu=3 freàrgiu 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WP-Uighurs&quot;&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|nùmene=Leigh|sambenadu=Karen|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/the-uighurs/2019/10/09/dd0c4be2-ea71-11e9-a329-7378fbfa1b63_story.html|tìtulu=The Uighurs|publicatzione=[[Washington Post]]|data=9 santugaine 2019|tzitatzione=Tensions erupted in 2009... Attacks by Uighur separatists intensified in the years that followed, with one of the groups that carried them out—the Turkistan Islamic Party—also being credited with having thousands of jihadist fighters in Syria.|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204000805/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/the-uighurs/2019/10/09/dd0c4be2-ea71-11e9-a329-7378fbfa1b63_story.html|dataarchìviu=4 freàrgiu 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TM-2018&quot;&gt;{{Tzita publicatzione|autore=Zenn|nùmene=Jacob|annu=2018|tìtulu=The Turkistan Islamic Party in Double-Exile: Geographic and Organizational Divisions in Uighur Jihadis|rivista=Terrorism Monitor|nùmeru=17|limba=en|url=https://jamestown.org/program/the-turkistan-islamic-party-in-double-exile-geographic-and-organizational-divisions-in-uighur-jihadism/|tzitatzione=The TIP also claimed several other attacks in China after 2008... the 2011 hit-and-run attack in Kashgar was credibly proven to be organized by the TIP in Afghanistan|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407021900/https://jamestown.org/program/the-turkistan-islamic-party-in-double-exile-geographic-and-organizational-divisions-in-uighur-jihadism/|dataarchìviu=7 abrile 2020|volùmene=16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Slate-2019&quot;&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|nùmene=Colin P.|sambenadu=Clarke|url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2019/08/china-terrorism-xinjiang-repression-islam.html|tìtulu=China's Global War on Terrorism|publicatzione=Slate|data=26 austu 2019|tzitatzione=Over the past decade, groups advocating separatism for Xinjiang’s Muslim Uighur minority—including the Turkistan Islamic Party and before it, the East Turkistan Islamic Movement—have been linked to numerous low-level attacks using knives and vehicles as weapons.|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203212458/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2019/08/china-terrorism-xinjiang-repression-islam.html|dataarchìviu=3 freàrgiu 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; In s'èsteru, in su 2016 terroristas uiguros ant bombardadu s'ambasciada tzinesa in [[Kirgizistàn|Kirghisistàn]]; in su [[2014]], ant ochidu 25 persones in un'atacu a unu santuàriu thailandesu pobulare intre is turistas tzinesos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://apnews.com/79d6a427b26f4eeab226571956dd256e|tìtulu=AP Exclusive: Uighurs fighting in Syria take aim at China|situ=AP NEWS|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Durante su picu de sa [[gherra tzivile siriana]] (2011-2017), unos cantos millis de uiguros de Tzina (subra prus 11 milliones de uiguros in Tzina) sunt andados a [[Siria|Sìria]] e si sunt unidos a s'[[Istadu Islamicu|ISIS]] e a [[Al Qaeda]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4941411,00.html|tìtulu=Israeli report: Thousands of Chinese jihadists are fighting in Syria|situ=Ynetnews|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-china-idUSKBN1840UP|tìtulu=Syria says up to 5,000 Chinese Uighurs fighting in militant groups|publicatzione=Reuters|data=11 maju 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Is cumbatentes uiguros boliant imparare sas abilidades de cumbatimentu e torrare a Tzina.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://apnews.com/79d6a427b26f4eeab226571956dd256e|tìtulu=AP Exclusive: Uighurs fighting in Syria take aim at China|situ=AP NEWS|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fintzas unos 50.000 uiguros si sunt trasladados a Turchia, pro s'in prus in tzitades a costadu de sa làcana cun Sìria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|nùmene=Bethan|sambenadu=McKernan|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/24/fearful-uighurs-celebrate-eid-in-exile-in-turkey|tìtulu='I miss my homeland': fearful Uighurs celebrate Eid in exile in Turkey|publicatzione=The Guardian|data=24 maju 2020|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Polìticas guvernativas ==
[[File:Xinjiang-police-jobs.png|thumb|249x249px|Traballos de politzia in su Xinjiang chi creschent cun is campos de internamentu]]
[[File:Number of re-education related government procurement bids in Xinjiang.svg|thumb|249x249px|Nùmeru de ofertas guvernamentales de apaltu ligadas a sa re-educatzione in su Xinjiang dae su mese de abrile 2016 a su de maju 2018, basadu subra datos de sa [[Jamestown Foundation]]. ]]

=== &quot;Campagna Strike Hard contra su terrorismu violentu&quot; de inghitzu ===
In s'abrile [[2010]], a pustis de sos avolotos Ürümqi de su trìulas [[2009]], [[Zhang Chunxian]] at remplasadu s'ex cabu de su [[Partidu Comunista tzinesu|Partidu Comunista]] [[Wang Lequan]], chi fiat abarradu a segus de is polìticas religiosas in su [[Xinjiang]] pro 14 annos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|nùmene=Michael|sambenadu=Wines|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/11/world/asia/11xinjiang.html|tìtulu=Wang Lequan Is China's Strongman in Controlling Uighurs||urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815204046/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/11/world/asia/11xinjiang.html|dataarchìviu=15 austu 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;  In su mese de maju de su 2014, sa Tzina at afiladu sa &quot;[[Campagna Strike Hard contra su terrorismu violentu]]&quot; in su Xinjiang in resposta a is tensiones creschende intre is tzinesos Han e sa populatzione uigura de su Xinjiang etotu.&lt;ref name=&quot;RFA-strike-hard&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/strike-hard-01092014172927.html|tìtulu=China Steps Up 'Strike Hard' Campaign in Xinjiang|situ=Radio Free Asia|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Annuntziende sa campagna, su leader tzinesu [[Xi Jinping]] aiat afirmadu ca &quot;sa pràtica at dimustradu ca s'istrategia de guvernu de su partidu nostru in su Xinjiang est curreta e depet èssere mantenta a longu tèrmine&quot;. Fiat su maju 2014&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita noas|limba=en-US|nùmene=Edward|sambenadu=Wong|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/31/world/asia/chinas-leader-lays-out-plan-to-pacify-restive-region.html|tìtulu=China Moves to Calm Restive Xinjiang Region|publicatzione=The New York Times|data=2014-05-30|atzessu=2021-08-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

===Regulamentu de su 2017===

Proibitziones e regulamentos noos sunt istados ativados su 1° abrile 2017. Barbas longas e bestire mucadores in pùblicu fiant ambos proibidos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:35&quot;&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|nùmene=Christian|sambenadu=Shepherd|nùmene2=Ben|sambenadu2=Blanchard|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/china-xinjiang-int-idUSKBN1710DD|tìtulu=China sets rules on beards, veils to combat extremism in Xinjiang|publicatzione=Reuters|data=30 martzu 2017|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221060423/https://www.reuters.com/article/china-xinjiang-int-idUSKBN1710DD|dataarchìviu=21 nadale 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Non castiare sa televisione istatale o iscurtare trasmissiones radiofònicas, si refudare de sighire is polìticas de pranificatzione familiare o si refudare de cunsentire a is fìgios de cosa sua de frecuentare sas iscolas istatales sunt istados fatos totus cumportamentos proibidos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:35&quot; /&gt; Dare a unu pipiu unu nùmene chi &quot;esageraret su fervore religiosu&quot;, comente a [[Mauma]], est istadu fatu illegale. Paris cun custu, medas moscheas sunt istadas derrùidas o distrùidas.&lt;ref name=&quot;:35&quot; /&gt;

Is isfortzos pro sa &quot;re-educatzione&quot; sunt incumentzados in su [[2014]] e sunt istados ammaniados in su 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinas-repression-uyghurs-xinjiang|tìtulu=China’s Repression of Uyghurs in Xinjiang|situ=Council on Foreign Relations|limba=en|atzessu=2020-10-04|dataarchìviu=2022-06-27|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627010748/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinas-repression-uyghurs-xinjiang|urlmortu=eja}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita libru|nùmene=Gerry|sambenadu=Groot|tìtulu=INTERNMENT AND INDOCTRINATION — XI’S ‘NEW ERA’ IN XINJIANG|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvfrxqkv.14|atzessu=2021-08-15|data=2019|editore=ANU Press|limba=en|pp=98–112|ISBN=978-1-76046-280-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sunt istados fraigados campos de presonia pro s'allògiu de sos istudiantes de is programmas de re-educatzione, sa majoria de is cales sunt uiguros. Su guvernu tzinesu no at reconnotu s'esistèntzia issoro fintzas a su 2018 e ddos at definidos &quot;tzentros de imparu e formatzione professionale&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt; Custu nùmene est istadu cambiadu in &quot;tzentros de formatzione professionale&quot; in su 2019. Is mannàrias de is campos sunt triplicadas dae su 2018 a su 2019 mancari su guvernu tzinesu apat afirmadu chi sa majoria de is detentos fiat istada torrada a lassare.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt;

===Giustificatzione de s'&quot;anti-terrorismu&quot;===

Sa Tzina at usadu sa &quot;gherra a su terrore&quot; globale de sos annos 2000 pro incuadrare totu sos iscussertos separatistas e ètnicos che a atos de terrorismu islamista pro legitimare is polìticas suas contra s'insurretzione in su Xinjiang.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita publicatzione|autore=Trédaniel|nùmene=Marie|autore2=Lee|nùmene2=Pak K.|data=18 cabudanni 2017|tìtulu=Explaining the Chinese framing of the &quot;terrorist&quot; violence in Xinjiang: insights from securitization theory|rivista=Nationalities Papers|volùmene=46|nùmeru=1|pp=177–195|limba=en|doi=10.1080/00905992.2017.1351427|url=https://kar.kent.ac.uk/59699/1/Explaining%20the%20Chinese%20framing%20of%20the%20terrorist%20violence%20in%20Xinjiang%20insights%20from%20securitization%20theory_AM%20version.pdf|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427073133/https://kar.kent.ac.uk/59699/1/Explaining%20the%20Chinese%20framing%20of%20the%20terrorist%20violence%20in%20Xinjiang%20insights%20from%20securitization%20theory_AM%20version.pdf|dataarchìviu=27 abrile 2019|issn=0090-5992}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

In su mese de austu de su 2018, su [[Cunventzione internazionale subra s'eliminatzione de ogni forma di discriminazione ratziale|Comitadu de is Natziones Unidas pro s'eliminatzione de sa discriminatzione ratziale]] at denuntziadu sa &quot;definitzione ampra de terrorismu e riferimentos vagos a s'estremismu&quot; impreada dae sa legislatzione tzinesa, rilevende comente ddoe aiant numerosos signaladuras de detentzione de unu nùmeru mannu de uiguros ètnicos e de unas àteras minorias musulmanas cun su &quot;pretestu de cuntrastare su terrorismu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ST-pretext&quot;&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/un-accuses-china-of-counter-terrorism-pretext-in-mass-detention-of-muslim-uighurs|tìtulu=UN calls on China to free Uighurs from alleged re-education camps|publicatzione=Straits Times|data=30 austu 2018|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013134543/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/un-accuses-china-of-counter-terrorism-pretext-in-mass-detention-of-muslim-uighurs|dataarchìviu=13 santugaine 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

In su 2019, su comitadu de redatzione de su [[Wall Street Journal]], [[Sam Brownback]] e Nathan Sales ant afirmadu ca su guvernu tzinesu impreat costantemente s'&quot;antiterrorismu&quot; che pretestu pro sa suprimida culturale e is violatziones de is deretos umanos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita noas|limba=en-US|nùmene=The Editorial|sambenadu=Board|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/beijings-secrets-of-xinjiang-11574122496|tìtulu=Opinion {{!}} Beijing’s Secrets of Xinjiang|publicatzione=Wall Street Journal|data=2019-11-19|atzessu=2021-08-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WP-ugly&quot;&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|nùmene=Nathan|sambenadu=Sales|nùmene2=Sam|sambenadu2=Brownback|wkautore=Nathan Sales|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/chinas-attack-on-uighurs-isnt-counterterrorism-its-ugly-repression/2019/05/22/7bfb1d60-7ccb-11e9-a5b3-34f3edf1351e_story.html|tìtulu=China's attack on Uighurs isn't counterterrorism. It's ugly repression.|publicatzione=[[The Washington Post]]|data=22 maju 2019|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120201106/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/chinas-attack-on-uighurs-isnt-counterterrorism-its-ugly-repression/2019/05/22/7bfb1d60-7ccb-11e9-a5b3-34f3edf1351e_story.html|dataarchìviu=2019-11-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Efetos culturales ==
[[File:Mosque in Tuyoq 02.jpg|thumb|310x310px|Moschea in [[Tuyoq]]]]

=== Moscheas ===
Segundu [[Beijing|Pechinu]], ddoe sunt unas 24.400 [[Moschea|moscheas]] in su [[Xinjiang]], una mèdia de una moschea ogni 530 musulmanos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/china-cables-one-mosque-for-every-530-muslims-in-xinjiang-says-beijing/story-r5gsNsuWGCQ7uV7q1cVDCN.html|tìtulu=China Cables: One mosque for every 530 Muslims in Xinjiang, says Beijing|situ=Hindustan Times|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In su [[2005]], [[Human Rights Watch]] at referidu ca &quot;sas informatziones isparghinadas in is fontes ufitziales sugerint ca sa ritorsione&quot; contra de is moscheas no isponsorizadas dae s'Istadu tzinesu fiat prevalente, e ca su segretàriu de su partidu de su Xinjiang at afirmadu ca sos uiguros &quot;non diant dèpere fraigae logos pro fainas religiosas noos&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Tzita publicatzione|autore=|nùmene=|data=abrile 2005|tìtulu=Devastating Blows: Religious Repression of Uighurs in Xinjiang|rivista=Human Rights Watch|volume=17|nùmeru=2|pp=1–112|limba=en|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2005/china0405/china0405text.pdf|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428035600/https://www.hrw.org/reports/2005/china0405/china0405text.pdf|dataarchìviu=28 abrile 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Su guvernu tzinesu at proibidu a is minores de partetzipare a fainas religiosas in su Xinjiang de una manera chi, segundu Human Rights Watch, &quot;non tenet fundamentu perunu in sa lege tzinesa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Segundu un' anàlisi de su [[The Guardian]], prus de su de tres unu de is moscheas e de is sitos religiosos in Tzina at padèssidu &quot;disacatos istruturales significativos&quot; intre su [[2016]] e su [[2018]], cun tzirca su ses unu de totu is moscheas e is santuàrios arrasados in manera cumprida.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|nùmene=Lily|sambenadu=Kuo|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/07/revealed-new-evidence-of-chinas-mission-to-raze-the-mosques-of-xinjiang|tìtulu=Revealed: new evidence of China's mission to raze the mosques of Xinjiang|publicatzione=The Guardian|data=6 maju 2019|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507100720/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/07/revealed-new-evidence-of-chinas-mission-to-raze-the-mosques-of-xinjiang|dataarchìviu=7 maju 2019|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt; Custu includet sa tumba de s'Imam Asim, una tumba de làdire in su [[desertu de su Taklamakan]]. Segundu The Guardian, is musulmanos uiguros creent ca repìtidos pelligrinàgios a sa tumba diant acumprire a s'òbligu de unu musulmanu de cumpletare s'Hajj.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Segundu su The Guardian, unu giornalista chi at bisitadu sa regione orientale de [[Qumul]] in su [[2017]] at imparadu dae funtzionàrios locales ca prus 200 de sas 800 moscheas in sa regione sunt istadas distrùidas e ca prus de 500 diant èssere istadas derrùidas in su 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|nùmene=Rachel|sambenadu=Harris|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/apr/07/bulldozing-mosques-china-war-uighur-culture-xinjiang|tìtulu=Bulldozing mosques: the latest tactic in China's war against Uighur culture {{!}} Rachel Harris|publicatzione=The Guardian|data=7 abrile 2019|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214132032/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/apr/07/bulldozing-mosques-china-war-uighur-culture-xinjiang|dataarchìviu=14 nadale 2019|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Unu raportu de sa [[CNN]] de su [[2019]] at ipotizadu chi dusinas de moscheas siant istadas distrùidas durante sa repressione de sa Tzina.

===Formatzione iscolàstica===

In su [[2011]], sas iscolas de su Xinjiang sunt passadas a s'&quot;imparu bilìngue&quot;. Sa majoria de s'imaramentu acontesset in tzinesu mandarinu, cun petzi pagas oras pro chida dedicadas a sa [[literadura uigura]]. Mancari s'ènfasi subra de s&quot;annestru bilìngue&quot;, a pagos pipios tzinesos [[Han]] si dd'imparat a faeddare uiguru.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita news|nùmene=|sambenadu=|tìtulu=Tongue-Tied; Education in Xinjiang|publicatzione=The Economist|data=27 làmpadas 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Is istudiantes uiguros annotamala sunt imbiados semper prus s'ispissu a iscolas residentziales a tesu dae is comunidades issoro de orìgine, in ue podent faeddare uiguru.&lt;ref name=&quot;thediplomat.com&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/05/chinas-effort-to-silence-the-sound-of-uyghur/|tìtulu=China’s Effort to Silence the Sound of Uyghur|situ=thediplomat.com|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Segundu unu raportu de su [[2020]] de [[Ràdiu Free Àsia]], s'imparu monolingue in tzinesu mandarinu est istadu introduidu in una iscola superiore influente de [[Kashgar]] chi in pretzedèntzia fruniat imparu bilìngue.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/school-06122020180620.html|tìtulu=Xinjiang Authorities Institute Mandarin-Only Instruction at Prominent Uyghur High School|situ=Radio Free Asia|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===Presoneris acadèmicos e religiosos===

S'[[Uyghur Human Rights Project]] at identificadu a su nessi 386 intelletuales uiguros chi sunt istados detentos e isparèssidos dae su cumintzu de su [[2017]] che a vìtimas de sa campagna massitza de repressione etno-religiosa giuta dae su guvernu tzinesu in sa pàtria uigura.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://uhrp.org/press-release/detained-and-disappeared-intellectuals-under-assault-uyghur-homeland.html|tìtulu=Detained and Disappeared: Intellectuals Under Assault in the Uyghur Homeland|situ=Uyghur Human Rights Project|limba=en|atzessu=2020-10-01|dataarchìviu=2019-12-11|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211231344/https://uhrp.org/press-release/detained-and-disappeared-intellectuals-under-assault-uyghur-homeland.html|urlmortu=eja}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

S'economista uiguru Ilham Tohti est istadu cundennadu a s'ergàstulu in su [[2014]]. [[Amnesty International]] at definidu sa cundenna sua ingiustificata e abbergongiosa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.uyghurcongress.org/en/ilham-tohti/|tìtulu=Ilham Tohti|situ=World Uyghur Congress|limba=en|atzessu=2020-10-01|dataarchìviu=2019-11-15|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115101749/https://www.uyghurcongress.org/en/ilham-tohti/|urlmortu=eja}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fintzas Rahile Dawut, un'importante antropòlogu uiguru chi at istudiadu e cunservadu santuàrios islàmicos, càntigos traditzionales e folklore, est istadu impresonadu.&lt;ref name=&quot;www.nytimes.com 2019-01-05&quot;&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|nùmene=Austin|sambenadu=Ramzy|autore=|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/05/world/asia/china-xinjiang-uighur-intellectuals.html|tìtulu=China Targets Prominent Uighur Intellectuals to Erase an Ethnic Identity|publicatzione=The New York Times|data=5 ghennàrgiu 2019|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213234758/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/05/world/asia/china-xinjiang-uighur-intellectuals.html|dataarchìviu=13 nadale 2019|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Segundu Ràdiu Free Àsia, su guvernu tzinesu tenet impresonados s'imam uiguru Abduheber Ahmet a pustis de àere portadu su fìgiu a un'iscola religiosa no autorizada dae s'Istadu tzinesu. Ahmet fiat istadu pretzedentemente laudadu de Tzina che a un'imam &quot;a chimbe isteddos&quot;, ma in su [[2018]] est istadu cundennadu a ultres chimbe annos de presone pro s'atzione sua.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/imam-05102018155405.html|tìtulu=Xinjiang Authorities Jail Uyghur Imam Who Took Son to Unsanctioned Religious School|autore=Shohret Hoshur|situ=Radio Free Asia|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Campusantos===

In su cabudanni 2019, s'[[Agence France-Presse]] (AFP) at bisitadu 13 campusantos distrùidos in bator tzitades e at assistidu a ossos iscobertos chi abarraiant galu in 4 de issos. Pro mèdiu de s'esàmene de sas immàgines satellitares, s'agèntzia de imprenta at istabilidu ca sa campagna de destruidura grae fiat ativa de prus de unos deghe annos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3032646/no-space-mourn-destruction-uygur-graveyards-xinjiang|tìtulu=‘No space to mourn’: the destruction of Uygur graveyards in Xinjiang|situ=scmp.com|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Segundu unu pretzedente raportu de s'AFP, tres campusantos in sa contea de Xayar fiant intre dusinas de campusantos uiguros distrùidos in su Xinjiang intre su [[2017]] e su [[2019]]. Is ossos umanos batidos a sa lughe de is campusantos in sa contea de Xayar sunt istados iscartados.&lt;ref name=&quot;france24&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20191009-even-in-death-uighurs-feel-long-reach-of-chinese-state|tìtulu=Even in death, Uighurs feel long reach of Chinese state|limba=en|situ=France 24|Tzitatzione=In just two years, dozens of cemeteries have been destroyed in the northwest region, according to an AFP investigation with satellite imagery analysts Earthrise Alliance.&lt;br&gt;Some of the graves were cleared with little care -- in Shayar county, AFP journalists saw unearthed human bones left discarded in three sites.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;japantimes&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/10/11/asia-pacific/social-issues-asia-pacific/death-uighurs-long-reach-china|tìtulu=Even in death, Uighurs feel long reach of Chinese state|autore=Eva Xiao|situ=The Japan Times|limba=en|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011090802/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/10/11/asia-pacific/social-issues-asia-pacific/death-uighurs-long-reach-china/|urlmortu=eja|Tzitatzione=Some of the graves were cleared with little care — in Shayar County, journalists saw unearthed human bones left discarded at three sites.|autore2=Pak Yiu}}&lt;/ref&gt; In su ghennàrgiu [[2020]], unu raportu de sa CNN basadu subra s'anàlisi de sas immàgines satellitares de [[Google Maps]] at afirmadu ca sas autoridades tzinesas ant distrùidu prus de 100 campusantos in su Xinjiang, massimamente uiguros. Sa CNN at colligadu sa destruidura de is campusantos a sa campagna de su guvernu pro controllare sos uiguros e is musulmanos in manera prus ampra. Su guvernu tzinesu definit su campusantu e sa destruidura de is tumbas &quot;re-collocatziones&quot; e afirmat ca is mortos torrant a èssere interrados in campusantos noos istandardizados.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/02/asia/xinjiang-uyghur-graveyards-china-intl-hnk/index.html|tìtulu=More than 100 Uyghur graveyards demolished by Chinese authorities, satellite images show|situ=cnn.com|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/china-uighur-muslim-graveyards-burial-grounds-xinjiang-a9268956.html|tìtulu=China has destroyed more than 100 Uighur Muslim graveyards, satellite images show|situ=independent.co.uk|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Intre is campusantos distrùidos b'at su Campusantu Sultanim (37°07′02″N 79°56′04″E), su campusantu istòricu uiguru tzentrale cun ingènneros de interros e prus santuàriu sacru in sa tzitade de [[Hotan]], chi est istadu derrùidu e cunvertidu in parchègiu intre su 2018 e su 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/02/asia/xinjiang-uyghur-graveyards-china-intl-hnk/index.html|tìtulu=China has destroyed more than 100 Uighur Muslim graveyards, satellite images show|autore=Matt Rivers|situ=[[CNN]]|limba=en|tzitatzione=The Sultanim Cemetery in the center of Hotan City is one of the most famous ancient cemeteries in Xinjiang. It was destroyed between January to March 2019.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/11/03/china-every-day-is-kristallnacht|tìtulu=In China, every day is Kristallnacht|autore=Fred Hiatt|situ=[[Washington Post]]|limba=en|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201021039/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/11/03/china-every-day-is-kristallnacht/?arc404=true|Tzitatzione=Before After&lt;br&gt;Cemetery demolished&lt;br&gt;The site of Sultanim cemetery in Hotan, Xinjiang, in December, 2018 and March 2019.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/cemetery-05012020134504.html|tìtulu=Xinjiang Authorities Construct Parking Lot Atop Historic Uyghur Cemetery|situ=[[Radio Free Asia]]|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.voanews.com/extremism-watch/us-china-targets-uighur-mosques-eradicate-minoritys-faith|tìtulu=US: China Targets Uighur Mosques to Eradicate Minority's Faith|autore=Asim Kashgarian|situ=[[Voice of America]]|limba=en|tzitatzione=37°7′2.13″N 79°56′2.96″E&lt;br&gt;Satellite imagery with a comparative analysis of Sultanim Cemetery in Hotan city, in China's northwest Xinjiang province.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://docs.uhrp.org/pdf/UHRP_report_Demolishing_Faith.pdf|tìtulu=Demolishing Faith: The Destruction and Desecration of Uyghur Mosques and Shrines|autore=Bahram K. Sintash|situ=Uyghur Human Rights Project|limba=en|tzitatzione=The Sultanim Cemetery has a history of over 1,000 years. King Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan of the Kara-Khanid Khanate (999–1211) conquered Hotan (the Buddhist Kingdom Udun at that time), and spread Islam around 960 AD. During the conquest, four Kara-khan commanders, including Prince Sultan Kilich Khan, were killed and Muslims buried them at this location. Since then, the cemetery has been known as Sultanim Maziri (My Sultan Shrine) and became one of the most important cemeteries among Uyghur Muslims who have paid their respects here for over 1,000 years. In the center, the four commanders’ graves were still there until China completely bulldozed the entire cemetery in 2019. Many religious leaders, scholars and other important people in Hotan’s far and recent history have been buried in this cemetery.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa CGTN, unu canale internatzionale de propiedade istatale tzinesa afiliadu a su [[Partidu Comunista Tzinesu]], at afirmadu chi is tumbas siant istadas trasladadas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-18/safe-and-sound-china-propaganda-undercuts-xinjiang-uyghur/11865648|tìtulu=Safe and sound? China launches propaganda blitz to discredit Uyghur #StillNoInfo campaign|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Intzentivos a is cojas===
[[File:Uyghur woman Xinjiang.jpg|left|thumb|Retratu de una fèmina uigura de su Xinjiang]]
Segundu s'isperta de istùdios de gènere Leta Hong Fincher, su guvernu tzinesu at ofertu a is parigas uiguras intzentivos pro tènnere prus pagu fìgios e de manera chi is fèminas si còjuent cun persones a foras de s'etnia issoro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita libru|autore=Hong Fincher|nùmene=Leta|tìtulu=Betraying Big Brother|annu=2018|editore=Verso|limba=en|ISBN=978-1-78663-364-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Segundu su moderadore de su progetu Uyghur Human Rights Project,&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://uhrp.org/|tìtulu=Uyghur Human Rights Project|limba=en,zh}}&lt;/ref&gt; Zubayra Shamseden, su guvernu tzinesu &quot;bolet burrare sa cultura e s'identidade uigura torrende a fàghere is fèminas de cosa sua&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/10/21/chinas-attacks-uighur-women-are-crimes-against-humanity/|tìtulu=China’s attacks on Uighur women are crimes against humanity|autore=Elizabeth M. Lynch|situ=The Washington Post|data=2019-10-21|limba=en|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022154714/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/10/21/chinas-attacks-uighur-women-are-crimes-against-humanity/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Is cojas intre uiguros e tzinesos Han sunt incoragidos cun sussìdios de su guvernu. In s'austu de su 2014, sas autoridades locales de sa contea de Cherchen (contea de Qiemo) ant annuntziadu: &quot;Medidas de intzentivatzione pro incoragire is cojas ammesturadas uiguros-tzinesos&quot;, inclùidu un'acumpensu in contantes de 10.000 CNY (unos 1.450 dollaros IMPREAT) a s'annu pro is primos chimbe annos a tales parigas cojuadas e tratamentu preferentziale in àmbitu de traballu e abitativu prus imparu gratis pro is parigas, is babos e is mamas e figiàmene. Su secretàriu de su PCC de sa contea Zhu Xin at osservadu:&lt;ref name=&quot;voa2020aug&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/voa-news-china/china-video-ad-calls-100-uighur-women-urgently-marry-han-men|tìtulu=China Video Ad Calls for 100 Uighur Women to ‘Urgently’ Marry Han Men|autore=Asim Kashgarian|situ=[[Voice of America]]|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Sa defensa nostra de is cojas ammesturadas promovet s'energia positiva... Isceti promovende sa criatzione de un'istrutura sotziale e un'ambiente comunitàriu in ue totu is grupos ètnicos siant achiridos su unu in s'àteru... podemus promòvere sa unidade manna, sa fusione ètnica e s'isvilupu de totu is grupos ètnicos in su Xinjiang, e in fines realizare su bisu nostru tzinesu de ingiovanessimentu de sa natzione tzinesa nostra.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In su mese de santugaine [[2017]], in sa pàgina de is social mèdia de sa contea de Lop est istada tzelebrada sa coja de unu tzinesu Han[[ de sa provìntzia de [[Henan]] cun una fèmina uigura de sa contea de Lop:&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://apnews.com/9ca1c29fc9554c1697a8729bba4dd93b|tìtulu=China’s Uighurs told to share beds, meals with party members|situ=[[Associated Press]]|limba=en|Tzitatzione=In recent years, the government has even encouraged Uighurs and Han Chinese to tie the knot. Starting in 2014, Han-Uighur spouses in one county were eligible to receive 10,000 yuan ($1,442) annually for up to five years following the registration of their marriage license. Such marriages are highly publicized. The party committee in Luopu county celebrated the marriage of a Uighur woman and a “young lad” from Henan in an official social media account in October 2017. The man, Wang Linkai, had been recruited through a program that brought university graduates to work in the southern Xinjiang city of Hotan. “They will let ethnic unity forever bloom in their hearts,” the party committee’s post said. “Let ethnic unity become one’s own flesh and blood.”}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;Ant a lassare chi s'unidade ètnica frorat pro semper in is coros issoro, Lassa chi s'unidade ètnica si fatzat sa petza pròpia e sàmbene pròpiu.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Darren Byler, un'antropòlogu e espertu de Tzina acanta s'[[Universidade de Washington]], at afirmadu ca una campagna in is social mèdia in su 2020 pro cojuare 100 fèminas uiguras cun òmines tzinesos Han at inditadu comente &quot;una tzerta dinàmica de pòdere razializadu faghet parte de custu protzessu&quot;, cummentende, &quot;Paret chi custu siat un'isfortzu pro prodùere una assimilatzione prus manna e abasciare sa diferèntzia ètnica traghende a sos uiguros in relatziones dominadas dae sos Han&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;voa2020aug2&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/voa-news-china/china-video-ad-calls-100-uighur-women-urgently-marry-han-men|tìtulu=China Video Ad Calls for 100 Uighur Women to ‘Urgently’ Marry Han Men|autore=Asim Kashgarian|situ=[[Voice of America]]|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In su mese de martzu 2017, Salamet Memetimin, de etnia uigura e segretàriu de su Partidu Comunista pro sa bidda de [[Bekchan]] in sa contea de Qira, est istadu bogadu dae s'incàrrigu pro pigare is votos de coja Nikah in domo sua.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/kazakh-imam-08092017121527.html|tìtulu='No Sign' of Kazakh Imam Scheduled For Release From Prison in July|situ=[[Radio Free Asia]]|limba=en|tzitatzione=In March, Xinjiang authorities fired an ethnic Uyghur official for holding her wedding ceremony at home according to Islamic traditions instead of at a government-sanctioned venue. Salamet Memetimin, the communist party secretary for Chaka township’s Bekchan village, in Hotan (in Chinese, Hetian) prefecture’s Chira (Cele) county, was among 97 officials recently charged with disciplinary violations, according to an April 10 report by the state-run Hotan Daily newspaper. Local residents said the woman was relieved of her duties for taking her &quot;nikah&quot; marriage vows in her own home. &quot;I think this may be a local policy unique to Xinjiang,&quot; the source said. &quot;You have to first apply for a marriage certificate and then carry out the Islamic practice of nikah.&quot; &quot;The imams aren't allowed to perform nikah if there is no marriage certificate, or they will be sent to prison.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; In is intervistas cun Ràdios Free Àsia in su 2020, is residentes e is funtzionàrios de sa contea de Shufu, in sa prefetura de Kashgar, ant afirmadu ca no fiat prus possìbile esecutare is ritos traditzionales de sa coja uigura nikah in sa contea.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/nikah-08252020142730.html|tìtulu=Xinjiang Authorities Restrict Islamic ‘Nikah’ Wedding Rites, Citing Danger to ‘Stability’|situ=[[Radio Free Asia]]|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Bestimentas===
Is autoridades tzinesas disincoràgent s'impreu de foulard, mucadores e àteros bestires islàmicos in sa regione. Su 20 maju de su 2014 est tzocada una protesta in [[Alakaga]], in sa contea de Kuqa, prefetura de Aksu, cando 25 fèminas e istudiantes sunt istadas arrestadas pro portare su mucadore. Segundu unu funtzionàriu locale, ddoe at apidu duos mortos e chimbe feridos cando sa politzia ispetziale armada at isparadu a subra de is manifestantes. A pustis, un'iscuadra de su [[Washington Post]] est istada arrestada in Alakaga e a sa fine deportata dae sa regione.&lt;ref name=&quot;hoshur&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/detained-05232014165418.html|tìtulu=Over 100 Detained After Xinjiang Police Open Fire on Protesters|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/dress-05202014202002.html|tìtulu=Xinjiang Police Open Fire at Protest Against Clampdown on Islamic Dress|situ=[[Radio Free Asia]]|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://archive.org/details/gov.gpo.fdsys.CHRG-114hhrg94388/|tìtulu=THE GLOBAL MAGNITSKY HUMAN RIGHTS ACCOUNTABILITY ACT|autore=Committee on Foreign Affairs|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita noas|limba=en-US|nùmene=Simon|sambenadu=Denyer|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/chinas-war-on-terror-becomes-all-out-attack-on-islam-in-xinjiang/2014/09/19/5c5840a4-1aa7-4bb6-bc63-69f6bfba07e9_story.html|tìtulu=China’s war on terror becomes tool to repress Islam, Uighurs in Xinjiang|publicatzione=Washington Post|data=2014-09-19|atzessu=2020-10-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nùmenes de pipios ===
Segundu Ràdio Free Àsia, in su 2015 in Hotan est istadu promulgadu un'elencu de nùmenes proibidos pro is pipios naradu &quot;Règulas de denumenatzione pro is minorias ètnicas&quot;, bandende nùmenes de significadu potentzialmente religiosu intre cales ''Islam'', ''Coranu'', ''Meca'', ''Jihad'', ''Imam'', ''Saddam'', ''Hajj'' e ''Medina''. S'impreu de s'elencu est istadu a pustis estèrridu a totu su Xinjiang.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/names-04202017093324.html|tìtulu=China Bans 'Extreme' Islamic Baby Names Among Xinjiang's Uyghurs|autore=Xin Lin|situ=[[Radio Free Asia]]|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Acusas de violatziones de is deretos umanos ==

=== In intro de is campos de internamentu ===

==== Tortura ====
[[Human Rights Watch]], un' organizatzione sena fine de lùcuru cun sede in [[New York City|New York]], at denuntziadu &quot;abusos isparghinados&quot;, intre cales [[tortura]] e protzessos ingiustos, de sos uiguros.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/inside-chinese-camps-thought-detain-million-muslim-uighurs-n1062321|tìtulu=Inside Chinese camps thought to be detaining a million Muslim Uighurs|situ=NBC News|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
 
Mihrigul Tursun, una mama uigura giòvana, at naradu de èssere istada &quot;torturada e sutaposta a unas àteras cunditziones brutales...&quot;. Est istada drogada, interrogada durante dies chentza de dormire, acapiada a una cadira e iscossada dae s'eletritzidade. Fiat sa de tres bortas chi fiat mandada a unu campu dae su [[2015]]. Tursun at naradu a is giornalistas ca s'ammentat de comente is inchisidores ddi naraiant: &quot;Èssere uigura est unu crìmene&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://ir.usembassy.gov/a-tale-of-torture-in-a-chinese-internment-camp-for-uighurs/|tìtulu=A tale of torture in a Chinese internment camp for Uighurs|situ=U.S. Virtual Embassy Iran|limba=en|atzessu=2020-10-03|dataarchìviu=2019-12-04|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204233456/https://ir.usembassy.gov/a-tale-of-torture-in-a-chinese-internment-camp-for-uighurs/|urlmortu=eja}}&lt;/ref&gt; Unu àteru detentu in passadu, Kayrat Samarkand, at naradu ca &quot;M'ant fatu bestire cun is chi naramt 'bestires de ferru, unu bestire de metallu chi pesaiat prus de 50 libras... At costrintu is bratzos mios e sas ancas mias in una posidura tiesa. Non resissia a mi mòere pro nudda e s'ischina sufriat in manera orrorosa... Ant fatu bestire a is persones cun custa cosa pro iscagiare s'ispìritu issoro. A pustis de 12 oras, mi sei fatu aici modde, mudu e legale&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;www.npr.org 2018-11-13&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/666287509/ex-detainee-describes-torture-in-chinas-xinjiang-re-education-camp|tìtulu=Ex-Detainee Describes Torture In China's Xinjiang Re-Education Camp|situ=NPR.org|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Isterilizatziones obligatòrias e contratzetiones ====
Zumrat Dwut, una fèmina uigura, at afirmadu de èssere istada isterilizada cun sa fortza durante sa permanèntzia in unu campu, in antis chi su maridu esseret capatzu de nche dda bogare peri rechestas a is diplomàticos [[Pakistan|pakistanos]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/video/world/first-she-survived-a-uighur-internment-camp-then-she-made-it-out-of-china/2019/11/17/a7a7639e-c003-4965-94a0-1944b5c40722_video.html|tìtulu=First she survived a Uighur internment camp. Then she made it out of China.|situ=Washington Post|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mancari Dwut no ispetzìficat comente siat istada isterilizada, unas àteras fèminas contant de àere retzidu cun sa fortza unos imprantos contratzetivos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/china-uighur-muslim-women-abortions-sexual-abuse-genocide-a9144721.html|tìtulu=China accused of genocide over forced abortions of Uighur Muslim women as escapees reveal widespread sexual torture|situ=The Independent|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://apnews.com/269b3de1af34e17c1941a514f78d764c|tìtulu=China cuts Uighur births with IUDs, abortion, sterilization|situ=Associated Press|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2&quot;&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-53220713|tìtulu=China 'using birth control' to suppress Uighurs|publicatzione=BBC News|data=29 làmpadas 2020|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629222610/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-53220713|dataarchìviu=29 làmpadas 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

S'[[Heritage Foundation]] at referidu ca is funtzionàrios ant custrintu is fèminas uiguras a pigare drogas disconnotas e bufare una ispètzie de lìchidu biancu chi ddi at causadu sa pèrdida de connoschimentu e a bortas dd'at causadu s'interrutzione de su [[mènstruu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.heritage.org/asia/commentary/chinas-forced-sterilization-uighur-women-cultural-genocide|tìtulu=China’s Forced Sterilization of Uighur Women Is Cultural Genocide|situ=The Heritage Foundation|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Isciacuadura de su cherbeddu ====
Kayrat Samarkand at descritu sa routine de su campu in un'artìculu pro [[National Public Radio|NPR]]: &quot;Foras de bìvere in bighinados istrintos, narat ca is detentos depiant cantare cantzones pro lodare su leader tzinesu [[Xi Jinping]] in antis de pòdere papare. Narat ca is detentos sunt istados custrintos a ammentare un'elencu de sas a chi narant &quot;126 fàulas&quot; subra sa religione: &quot;Sa religione est òpiu, sa religione est mala, non depes crèere in niuna religione, depes crèere in su Partidu Comunista&quot;, ammentat. &quot;Isceti su Partidu Comunista ti depet pòdere portare a unu benidore radiosu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;www.npr.org 2018-11-132&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/666287509/ex-detainee-describes-torture-in-chinas-xinjiang-re-education-camp|tìtulu=Ex-Detainee Describes Torture In China's Xinjiang Re-Education Camp|limba=en|situ=NPR.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Documentos indennentados a su New York Times dae unu funtzionàriu anònimu tzinesu cussigiaiant chi &quot;chi sos istudiantes diant àere pedidu chi is babos issoro fiant isparèssidos aiant commitidu unu crìmene, ddi diat èssere istadu naradu ca no, ma petzi ca su pensamentu issoro fiat istadu infetadu dae pensamentos malesanos. Sa libertade est possìbile isceti cando custu &quot;virus&quot; in su pensamentu issoro siat istadu irraighinadu e sunt in bona salude&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|nùmene=The Editorial|sambenadu=Board|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/18/opinion/china-muslims.html|tìtulu=This Is Not Dystopian Fiction. This Is China.|publicatzione=The New York Times|data=18 onniasantu 2019|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204233540/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/18/opinion/china-muslims.html|dataarchìviu=4 nadale 2019|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

S'Heritage Foundation at referidu ca &quot;is pipios is cales babos siant detentos in is campos ddos mandant fatu·fatu a orfanotròfios istatales e sutapostos a isciacuadura de su cherbeddu pro ismentigare is raighinas ètnicas issoro. Fintzas chi is babos issoro non sunt detentos, is pipios uiguros si depent trasladare a sa Tzina interna e si nche immrghere in sa cultura Han segundu sa polìtica de is &quot;classes de su Xinjiang&quot; de su guvernu tzinesu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.heritage.org/asia/commentary/chinas-forced-sterilization-uighur-women-cultural-genocide|tìtulu=China’s Forced Sterilization of Uighur Women Is Cultural Genocide|situ=The Heritage Foundation|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Traballu tostu e fadiosu ====
Segundu Quartz, sa regione de su [[Xinjiang]] est descrita che unu &quot;“gulag de su cotone&quot; in ue su traballu cartzeràriu est presente in totu is fases de sa filiera de su cotone...&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://qz.com/1732084/forced-uyghur-labor-in-chinas-xinjiang-could-be-making-us-sold-clothing/|tìtulu=China’s Forced Sterilization of Uighur Women Is Cultural Genocide|limba=en|situ=Quartz}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Tahir Hamut, unu musulmanu uiguru, at traballadu in unu campu de traballu durante s'iscola elementare cando fiat pipiu, e a fatu at traballadu in unu campu de re-educazione de mannu, acumprende tareas comente boddire cotone, ispajare giarra e fraigare matones. &quot;Totu sunt custrintos a fàghere totu is tipos de traballos fortzados o a acarare su castigu&quot;, at naradu. &quot;Cale si siat non siat capatzu de acabare is tareas de cosa sua at a èssere iscutu&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/china-profiting-off-of-forced-labor-in-xinjiang-report/1562782|tìtulu=China profiting off of forced labor in Xinjiang: report|situ=aa.com.tr|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Foras de is campos de internamentu ===

==== IUD e controllu de is nàschidas ====
Segundu su chircadore Adrian Zenz, su 80% de totu is poniduras de [[Ispirale intra-uterina|IUD]] in [[Cina|Tzina]] in su [[2018]] sunt istadas esecutadas in su Xinjiang, mancari sa regione costituet isceti su 1,8% de sa populatzione tzinesa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://jamestown.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Zenz-Sterilizations-IUDs-and-Mandatory-Birth-Control-FINAL-27June.pdf?x71937|tìtulu=Sterilizations, IUDs, and Mandatory Birth Control: The CCP’s Campaign to Suppress 
Uyghur Birthrates in Xinjiang|situ=Jamestown Foundation|limba=en|accesso=12 austu 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|nùmene=|sambenadu=Washington Post Editorial Board|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/whats-happening-in-xinjiang-is-genocide/2020/07/06/cde3f9da-bfaa-11ea-9fdd-b7ac6b051dc8_story.html|tìtulu=What's happening in Xinjiang is genocide|publicatzione=The Washington Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/06/pompeo-calls-shocking-report-forced-sterilisation-uighurs-200629215350131.html|tìtulu=Pompeo calls report of forced sterilisation of Uighurs ‘shocking’|situ=www.aljazeera.com|data=2020-06-29|limba=en|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601192149/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/06/29/pompeo-calls-report-of-forced-sterilisation-of-uighurs-shocking/|urlmortu=eja}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sende gasi, sas istatìsticas publicamente disponìbiles de sa [[Cummissione Natzionale de Sanidade|Cummissione sanitària natzionale]] inditant ca sa tzifra efetiva est de sa 8,7% (in ogni manera una proportzione arta in cumparàntzia cun sa populatzione de sa regione);&lt;ref name=&quot;NHC 2019 yearbook&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://s2.51cto.com/oss/201912/05/1822362d5f7ccc8ff5d87ecdba23e64c.pdf|tìtulu=2019|limba=zh|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224002332/https://s2.51cto.com/oss/201912/05/1822362d5f7ccc8ff5d87ecdba23e64c.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; batende su tabloid tzinesu controlladu dae s'istadu [[Global Times]] a criticare s'afirmatzione de sa 80% de Zenz, concuende ca &quot;non si podet arribare a niunu càrculu, chi non ponende male su puntu detzimale&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1193454.shtml|tìtulu=GT investigation busts West's birth control lies in Xinjiang|situ=www.globaltimes.cn|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Cunvivèntzia fortzada e abortu ====
In su 2018, is dipendentes pùblicos tzinesos ant incumentzadu is permanèntzias domitziliares obligatòrias cun famìlias uiguras pro sos agiudos a s'assimilatzione.&lt;ref name=&quot;:82&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/22/asia/china-xinjiang-uyghur-muslim-intl-hnk/index.html|tìtulu=Xinjiang's Uyghurs didn't choose to be Muslim, new Chinese report says|situ=CNN|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Una fèmina prìngia de 37 annos de sa regione de su Xinjiang at decraradu de àere intentadu de renuntziare a sa tzitadinàntzia tzinesa pro bìvere in [[Kazachistàn]], ma su guvernu tzinesu ddi at naradu ca depiat torrare a Tzina pro cumpletare su protzessu. At padèssidu un'abortu chi reteniat chi èsseret pretzisu pro impeire s'impresonamentu de frade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/11/23/669203831/they-ordered-me-to-get-an-abortion-a-chinese-womans-ordeal-in-xinjiang|tìtulu='They Ordered Me To Get An Abortion': A Chinese Woman's Ordeal In Xinjiang|situ=NPR.org|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Regorta de òrganos ====
Ethan Gutmann, unu collega de su think tank cunservadore [[Foundation for Defense of Democracies]] e osservadore de [[Cina|Tzina]], at concluidu ca s'isplantu de òrganos dae presoneris de cussèntzia s'est fatu prevalente cando is membros de su grupu ètnicu uiguru sunt istados pigados de mìria in repressiones de seguresa e &quot;campagnas tostas meda&quot; durante is'Annos '90. Segundu Gutmann, sa bogada de òrganos de presoneris uiguros est acabada in su [[1999]] cun membros de su grupu religiosu de su [[Falun Gong]] chi ant propassadu sos uiguros che mitzas de òrganos.&lt;ref name=&quot;GutmannTestimony&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/HHRG-112-FA17-WState-GutmannE-20120912.pdf|tìtulu=Organ Harvesting of Religious and Political Dissidents by the Chinese Communist Party|data=2012-09-12|limba=en|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109124649/http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/112/HHRG-112-FA17-WState-GutmannE-20120912.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/weekly-standard/the-xinjiang-procedure|tìtulu=The Xinjiang Procedure|autore=Ethan Gutmann|situ=Washington Examiner|data=2011-12-05|limba=en|atzessu=2021-08-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita noas|limba=en-US|nùmene=David|sambenadu=Brooks|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/23/opinion/brooks-the-sidney-awards-part-ii.html|tìtulu=Opinion {{!}} The Sidney Awards, Part II|publicatzione=The New York Times|data=2011-12-23|atzessu=2021-08-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

In is annos 2010, sunt torrados a bessire a foras is pessamentos pro su prelevamentu de òrganos de sos uiguros.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/china-harvesting-organs-of-uighur-muslims-china-tribunal-tells-un-2019-9|tìtulu=China is harvesting thousands of human organs from its Uighur Muslim minority, UN human-rights body hears|situ=businessinsider.com|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|nùmene=Emma|sambenadu=Batha|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-rights-organ-harvesting/un-urged-to-investigate-organ-harvesting-in-china-idUSKBN1W92FL|tìtulu=U.N. urged to investigate organ harvesting|publicatzione=reuters.com|data=24 cabudanni 2019|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229063552/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-rights-organ-harvesting/un-urged-to-investigate-organ-harvesting-in-china-idUSKBN1W92FL|dataarchìviu=29 nadale 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Segundu unu determinu unànime de su [[China Tribunal]], sa Tzina at pessighidu e sutapostu a proas mèdicas is uiguros. Su raportu suo espressaiat pessamentu pro su fatu ca sos uiguros fiant vulneràbiles a su prelevamentu de òrganos, ma non teniant galu proas de s'acontèssere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://chinatribunal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/China-Tribunal-SHORT-FORM-CONCLUSION_Final.pdf|tìtulu=SHORT FORM of THE CHINA TRIBUNAL’S JUDGMENT|limba=en|tzitatzione=These individual conclusions, when combined, led to the unavoidable final conclusion that; [...] The concerted persecution and medical testing of Uyghurs is more recent and it may be that evidence of forced organ harvesting of this group may emerge in due course. [...] In regard to the Uyghurs the Tribunal has evidence of medical testing on a scale that could allow them, amongst other uses, to become an 'organ bank'.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|nùmene=Saphora|sambenadu=Smith|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/china-forcefully-harvests-organs-detainees-tribunal-concludes-n1018646|tìtulu=China forcefully harvests organs from detainees, tribunal concludes|publicatzione=NBC News|data=18 làmpadas 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/organ-harvesting-china-survivors-victims|tìtulu=Survivors and victims on shocking state-sanctioned organ harvesting in China|situ=Fox News|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/china-organ-harvesting-medical-report-claims-falsified-donation-data-2019-11|tìtulu=Medical experts say China is falsifying organ donation data, after it was accused of harvesting body parts from Uighur Muslims in prison camps|situ=Business Insider|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://nypost.com/2019/06/23/the-ugly-truth-about-chinas-organ-harvesting/|tìtulu=The ugly truth about China’s organ harvesting|autore=Anastasia Lin|situ=New York Post|data=2019-06-24|limba=en-US|atzessu=2021-08-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita noas|limba=en-US|nùmene=Simon|sambenadu=Denyer|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/in-the-face-of-criticism-china-has-been-cleaning-up-its-organ-transplant-industry/2017/09/14/d689444e-e1a2-11e6-a419-eefe8eff0835_story.html|tìtulu=China used to harvest organs from prisoners. Under pressure, that practice is finally ending.|publicatzione=Washington Post|data=2017-09-15|atzessu=2021-08-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita noas|limba=en|nùmene=Sonia|sambenadu=Elks|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-china-rights-idUSKCN1TI236|tìtulu=China is harvesting organs from Falun Gong members, finds expert panel|publicatzione=Reuters|data=2019-06-17|atzessu=2021-08-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==Respostas internatzionales==
===Reatziones in s'ONU===
In su trìulas 2019, 22 paisos ant emìtidu una lìtera giunta in sa de 41 sessiones de su [[Cussìgiu pro sos deretos umanos de sas Natziones Unidas (UNHRC)]], cundennende sa detentzione de massa de uiguros e unas àteras minorias in [[Tzina]], pedende a sa Tzina de &quot;parare sa detentzione arbitrària e de is restritziones a sa libertade de movimentu de uiguros e unas àteras comunidades musulmanas e minoritàrias in su Xinjiang&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/07/10/un-unprecedented-joint-call-china-end-xinjiang-abuses|tìtulu=UN: Unprecedented Joint Call for China to End Xinjiang Abuses|situ=Human Rights Watch|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

In sa matessi sessione, 50 paisos ant emìtidu una lìtera giunta a amparu de is polìticas tzinesas de su Xinjiang,&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt; critichende sa pràtica de &quot;polititzizare is chistiones relativas a is deretos umanos&quot;. Sa lìtera afirmaiat ca &quot;sa Tzina aiat cumbidadu in su Xinjiang diplomàticos numerosos, funtzionàrios de organizatziones internatzionales e giornalistas&quot; e ca &quot;su chi ant bidu e intèdndiu in su Xinjiang controighiat in manera cumprida cantu aporridu dae is mèdias&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt; 

In su santugaine 2019, 23 paisos ant emìtidu una decraratzione giunta a s'[[ONU]] esortende sa Tzina a &quot;sustentare sos òbligos suos e impinnios natzionales e internatzionales pro su respetu de is deretos umanos&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:04&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/29/asia/china-xinjiang-united-nations-intl-hnk/index.html|tìtulu=UN members issue dueling statements over China's treatment of Uyghurs in Xinjiang|autore=Ben Westcott|situ=CNN|limba=en|autore2=Richard Roth}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

In resposta, 54 paisos, intra is cales ditaduras comente a sa [[Corea de su Norte|Corea de su Nord]], ant emìtidu una decraratzione giunta a amparu de is polìticas tzinesas de su Xinjiang. Sa decraratzione &quot;at faeddadu positivamente de is resurtados de is medidas de antiterrorismu e deradicalizatzione in su Xinjiang e at osservadu ca custas medidas ant in efetivamente amparadu is deritos umanos fundamentales de is persones de totu is grupos ètnicos&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/29/asia/china-xinjiang-united-nations-intl-hnk/index.html|tìtulu=UN members issue dueling statements over China's treatment of Uyghurs in Xinjiang|situ=CNN|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201910/31/WS5db9ce19a310cf3e3557486d.html|tìtulu=Statement at UN supports China on Xinjiang|situ=www.chinadaily.com.cn|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; 

In su freàrgiu 2020, is Natziones Unidas ant pedidu s'atzessu chentza de ostàculos in antis de una proposta de bìsita connoschitiva in sa regione.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/demands-unfettered-access-china-uighur-region-visit-200227111444719.html|tìtulu=UN demands 'unfettered access' for China Uighur region visit|publicatzione=Al-Jazeera|data=27 freàrgiu 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; 


===Reatziones pro Istadu===
====Europa====
Ultres a firmare una decraratzione giunta subra is violatziones èticas chi ferrent sa comunidade uigura in su Xinjiang, istados comente a sa [[Germània]] e sa [[Norvègia]] ant adotadu medidas ulteriores pro espressare sas opiniones issoro subra custu tema. Sa Germània at dillindadamente cumbidadu sa Tzina a frunire s'atzessu a is deretos umanos de is Natziones Unidas a is campos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.republicworld.com/world-news/rest-of-the-world-news/fresh-evidence-against-detention-camps-surfaces|tìtulu=Xinjiang: Germany Asks China To Allow Officials After Fresh Evidence|situ=Republic World|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Annotamala, sa [[Norvègia]] at formadu unu grupu de sensibilizatzione contra de is campos de internamentu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/norway-automated-calls-china-embassy-spook-uighur-diaspora-191113205036890.html|tìtulu=Norway: Automated calls from China embassy spook Uighur diaspora|situ=aljazeera.com|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
====Ìndia====
In un'artìculu de su 2020 in [[The Kashmir Magazine]], su leader de su [[Kashmir]] [[Hashim Qureshi]] at sutaliniadu ca sos uiguros sunt postos cun sa fortza in is campos de cuntzentramentu in su [[Xinjiang]], agiunghende: “A is funtzionàrios musulmanos no est permìtidu de si fàghere crèschere sa barba o ofèrrere pregadorias. Is moscheas non podent pesare minaretos artos&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/senior-kashmiri-leader-slams-concentration-camp-type-treatment-of-uyghurs/articleshow/77304683.cms|tìtulu=Senior Kashmiri leader slams concentration camp-type treatment of Uyghurs|autore=Dipanjan Roy Chaudhury|situ=Economic Times|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
====Oriente Mèdiu====
Medas istados de s'[[Oriente Mèdiu]] ant firmadu totus unu documentu de is Natziones Unidas a defensa de is deretos umanos de sa Tzina.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/17/asia/uyghurs-muslim-countries-china-intl/index.html|tìtulu=Muslim nations are defending China as it cracks down on Muslims, shattering any myths of Islamic solidarity|situ=CNN|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/muslim-countries-joined-china-in-defending-its-cultural-genocide-of-uighurs-arent-they-ashamed/2019/07/20/0a7d62b4-aa3f-11e9-86dd-d7f0e60391e9_story.html|tìtulu=Muslim countries joined China in defending its cultural genocide of Uighurs. Aren’t they ashamed?|situ=Washington Post|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Unu portaboghe de su ministèriu de sos Èsteros turcu at criticadu is campos,&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-02-11/turkey-breaks-muslim-silence-on-chinese-uyghur-camps/10798126|tìtulu=Turkey calls out China's Uyghur detention camps, urging closure|situ=ABC News|limba=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma su presidente turcu [[Recep Tayyip Erdogan]] at a fatu difèndidu sa Tzina durante sa bìsita sua.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/china-muslim-oppression-xinjiang-turkey-silence-2019-7|tìtulu=The last major opponent of China's Muslim oppression has retreated into silence. Here's why that's a big deal|situ=Business Insider|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fintzas [[Iràq]] e [[Iràn]] sunt abarrados in mudìmene e ant fintzas firmadu su documentu&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/09/irans-careful-approach-to-chinas-uyghur-crackdown/|tìtulu=Iran’s Careful Approach to China’s Uyghur Crackdown|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;, mentras [[Aràbia Saudita]], [[Egitu]] e [[Turchia]] sunt istados acusados de deportare sos uiguros a Tzina.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/caee8cac-c3f4-11e9-a8e9-296ca66511c9|tìtulu=Turkey’s Uighurs fear for future after China deportation|situ=Financial Times|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-rights-saudi/saudi-arabia-defends-letter-backing-chinas-xinjiang-policy-idUSKCN1UD36J|tìtulu=Saudi Arabia defends letter backing China's Xinjiang policy|autore=Michelle Nichols|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20191127-china-communist-uighurs-xinjiang-muslim-silence-camps-repression|tìtulu=Muslim countries' silence on China’s repression of Uighurs|situ=France 24|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/africa/nightmare-as-egypt-helps-china-to-detain-uighurs|tìtulu='Nightmare' as Egypt helps China to detain Uighurs|situ=The Straits Times|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/07/uighurs-arrested-egypt-face-unknown-fate-170721101113091.html|tìtulu=Uighurs arrested in Egypt face unknown fate|situ=aljazeera.com|limba=en|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109015357/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/07/27/uighurs-arrested-in-egypt-face-unknown-fate/}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Is [[Emirados Àrabos Unidos]] ant difèndidu formalmente is rècords subra is deretos umanos de Tzina.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.albawaba.com/node/muslim-countries-supporting-china%E2%80%99s-detention-uyghurs-not-surprising-1297116|tìtulu=Muslim Countries' Support For China's Detention of Uyghurs is not Surprising|situ=Al Bawaba|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Su [[Qatàr]] at sustentadu is polìticas de sa [[Tzina]] in su [[Xinjiang]] fintzas a su 21 austu 2019; est a pustis istadu su primu istadu de Oriente Mèdiu a retirare sa defensa de is campos de su Xinjiang.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-21/qatar-withdraws-support-for-china-over-its-treatment-of-muslims|tìtulu=Qatar Withdraws Support for China Over Its Treatment of Muslims|data=21 austu 2019|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130195845/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-21/qatar-withdraws-support-for-china-over-its-treatment-of-muslims|dataarchìviu=30 santandria 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|nùmene=Raf|sambenadu=Sanchez|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/08/21/qatar-retracts-support-chinas-detention-uighur-muslims/|tìtulu=Qatar retracts support for China's detention of Uighur Muslims|publicatzione=The Telegraph|data=21 austu 2019|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20200105133319/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/08/21/qatar-retracts-support-chinas-detention-uighur-muslims/|dataarchìviu=5 ghennàrgiu 2020|issn=0307-1235}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2019/8/21/qatar-withdraws-from-letter-defending-chinas-treatment-of-uighurs|tìtulu=Qatar becomes first Muslim country to withdraw support over China's treatment of Uighur|situ=alaraby|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
====Àfrica tzentrale====
Sa [[Repùblica Democràtica de su Congo]], su [[Gabòn]], sa [[Nigèria]], sa [[Somàlia]] e unos àteros istados de [[Africa Tzentrale|Àfrica tzentrale]] ant defèndidu a sa Tzina.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt; 
====Sud-est asiàticu====
[[Cambògia]], [[Myanmar|Myanmàr]] e [[Filipinas]] ant firmadu sa defensa formale de is polìticas tzinesas.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt; [[Tailàndia|Thailàndia]], [[Malaìsia]] e [[Cambògia]] ant deportadu uiguros suta pedidu de sa Tzina.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/10/09/if-they-send-us-back-to-china-we-will-die-uighur-brothers-fight-deportation-from-russia-a67646|tìtulu=‘If They Send Us Back to China We Will Die’: Uighur Brothers Fight Deportation From Russia|situ=The Moscow Times|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In su nadale 2009, su  Assòtziu americanu uiguru at espressadu pessamentu pro sa torrada in Tzina de 20 refugiados uiguros de Cambògia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/12/20/cambodia.uyghur.china/index.html|tìtulu=U.S. slams deportation of Uyghur refugees from Cambodia to China|situ=CNN|limba=en|atzessu=2020-10-04|dataarchìviu=2020-10-08|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008155856/https://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/12/20/cambodia.uyghur.china/index.html|urlmortu=eja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
====Noa Zelanda====
Su primu ministru de sa [[Noa Zelanda]], [[Jacinda Ardern]], at bisitadu [[Beijing|Pechinu]] a pustis de s'isparadòrgiu in sa moschea de Christchurch e at chistionadu in privadu de su [[Xinjiang]] cun [[Xi Jinping]]. Nudda est bessidu a foras a pitzu dae custos arresonos e Ardern no at aprofundidu in manera ulteriore custu argumentu. Su [[New York Times]] at pensadu chi s'aparente farta de pessamentu fiat dèpida a su fatu ca sa Noa Zelanda esportat medas produtos a Tzina, intre cales late, petza e binu.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|nùmene=Jane|sambenadu=Perlez|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/25/world/asia/china-xinjiang-muslim-camps.html|tìtulu=China Wants the World to Stay Silent on Muslim Camps. It's Succeeding.|publicatzione=The New York Times|data=25 cabudanni 2019|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208170559/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/25/world/asia/china-xinjiang-muslim-camps.html|dataarchìviu=8 nadale 2019|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
====Pakistàn====
Un'istùdiu de su guvernu pakistanu at iscobertu ca is giornales cunservadores e sos eclesiàsticos de s'istadu s'oponent a sa reprimida de sos uiguros,  pedende fatu·fatu una libertade religiosa prus manna pro sos uiguros. Presentadu su raportu, s'ambasciada tzinesa at pedidu a su Pakistàn de gestire is sentimentos negativos subra sa Tzina a s'internu de su Pakistàn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COHtnbKYq5A|tìtulu=Atrocities on Uighurs Muslims: China asks Pakistan to manage negative sentiments domestically|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
====Rùssia====
Sa Rùssia at espressadu s'apoderamentu suo a su tratamentu riservadu dae sa Tzina a sos uiguros in prus ocasiones.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-07-13/saudi-arabia-russia-support-china-treatment-uyghur-muslims/11306150|tìtulu=Saudi Arabia, Russia express support for China's treatment of Uyghur Muslims in Xinjiang|situ=ABC News|limba=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt;  At firmadu ambas decraratziones a sas Natziones Unidas (in trìulas e santugaine 2019) a defensa de is polìticas tzinesas de su Xinjiang.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:04&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt; 
====Istados Unidos====
Su Cungressu de is Istados Unidos at aprovadu s'[[Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act]] in reatzione a is campos de re-educazione.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3040466/us-house-passes-uygur-law-demanding-sanctions-china-over-human|tìtulu=China protests as US House passes Uygur bill demanding sanctions over human rights abuses in Xinjiang camps|situ=South China Morning Post|limba=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita news|limba=en|nùmene=Joshua|sambenadu=Lipes|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/act-06082020173916.html|tìtulu=Trump Signs Uyghur Rights Act Into Law, Authorizing Sanctions For Abuses in Xinjiang|publicatzione=[[Radio Free Asia]]|data=17 làmpadas 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; S'Assòtziu americanu uiguru at afirmadu ca s'acostamentu militare de Pechinu a su terrorismu in su Xinjiang est [[terrorismu de Istadu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita publicatzione|autore=Gaye Christoffersen|data=2 cabudanni 2002|tìtulu=Constituting the Uyghur in U.S.-China Relations The Geopolitics of Identity Formation in the War on Terrorism|rivista=[[Strategic Insights]]|nùmeru=7|p=7|limba=en|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/36718304.pdf|volùmene=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Su Museu Memoriale de s'Olocàustu de Istados Unidos at emìtidu decraratziones&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/chinese-forced-labor-is-in-us-supply-chain-congressional-report-finds-45129|tìtulu=Chinese forced labor is in US supply chain, Congressional report finds|autore=Matt Hadro|situ=[[Catholic News Agency]]|limba=en|tzitatzione=As many as 1.8 million Uyghurs, ethnic Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and other Muslim minorities are or have been detained in China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR), a situation which groups like the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum are now calling a “crime against humanity.”|atzessu=2020-10-04|dataarchìviu=2020-05-13|urlarchìviu=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513012917/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/chinese-forced-labor-is-in-us-supply-chain-congressional-report-finds-45129|urlmortu=eja}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.uscirf.gov/news-room/press-releases-statements/uscirf-commends-us-holocaust-museum-spotlight-china|tìtulu=USCIRF Commends U.S. Holocaust Museum Spotlight on China|situ=[[United States Commission on International Religious Freedom]]|limba=en|tzitatzione=The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) today commended the decision of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum to add China to its list of case studies due to concerns about the mass internment of Uighur and other Muslims.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/holocaust-03062020170229.html|tìtulu=US Holocaust Museum Labels China’s Persecution of Uyghurs in Xinjiang ‘Crimes Against Humanity’|autore=Alim Seytoff|situ=[[Radio Free Asia]]|limba=en|tzitatzione=The Chinese government’s persecution of ethnic Uyghurs—including their mass detention in internment camps—constitutes “crimes against humanity,” according to the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, opening an avenue for what one expert said could be legal action in an international court of law.|autore2=Joshua Lipes}}&lt;/ref&gt; subra is cunditziones in su Xinjiang iscriende:
&lt;blockquote&gt;Sa campagna de su guvernu tzinesu contra de sos uiguros in su Xinjiang est multiforme e sistemàtica. Est caraterizada dae detentzione de massa, traballu fortzadu e leges discriminatòrias e suportadu dae modalidades de bardiamentu a arta tecnologia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.ushmm.org/genocide-prevention/countries/china|tìtulu=China|situ=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|limba=en|atzessu=13 maju 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Notas ==
&lt;references/&gt;{{Artìculu de su mese|santandria/onniasantu|2020}}
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      <text bytes="9908" sha1="f0actpupez32cqybwqyqnbcstqlll45" xml:space="preserve">== Ligàmenes esternos modificados (Austu 2021) ==

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== Ligàmenes esternos modificados (Santugaine 2022) ==

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== Ligàmenes esternos modificados (Santugaine 2022) ==

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== Ligàmenes esternos modificados (Nadale 2023) ==

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Como como apo modificadu in manera automàtica 1 ligàmene(s) esternu(os) in [[Genotzìdiu culturale de sos Uiguros]].
Pro praghere averguade [https://sc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=prev&amp;oldid=182614 sa modìfica mea]. Si tenides preguntas o bisongiades chi su robot ignoret sos ligàmenes o sa pàgina de su totu, bisitade [[:m:InternetArchiveBot/FAQ|custa pàgina de sas PF]] pro àteras informatziones. Apo fatu custas modìficas: 
*Archìviu https://web.archive.org/web/20191204233456/https://ir.usembassy.gov/a-tale-of-torture-in-a-chinese-internment-camp-for-uighurs/ annantu a https://ir.usembassy.gov/a-tale-of-torture-in-a-chinese-internment-camp-for-uighurs/
. 
Pompiade·bos sas preguntas fitianas pro informatziones in subra de s’acontzu de sos errores cun su robot.

Adiosu - [[Usuàriu:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] ([[Cuntierra usuàriu:InternetArchiveBot|cuntierra]]) 01:56, 18 Nad 2023 (CET)

== Ligàmenes esternos modificados (Santugaine 2024) ==

Salude a totus,

Como como apo modificadu in manera automàtica 1 ligàmene(s) esternu(os) in [[Genotzìdiu culturale de sos Uiguros]].
Pro praghere averguade [https://sc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=prev&amp;oldid=184982 sa modìfica mea]. Si tenides preguntas o bisongiades chi su robot ignoret sos ligàmenes o sa pàgina de su totu, bisitade [[:m:InternetArchiveBot/FAQ|custa pàgina de sas PF]] pro àteras informatziones. Apo fatu custas modìficas: 
*Archìviu https://web.archive.org/web/20201008155856/https://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/12/20/cambodia.uyghur.china/index.html annantu a https://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/12/20/cambodia.uyghur.china/index.html
. 
Pompiade·bos sas preguntas fitianas pro informatziones in subra de s’acontzu de sos errores cun su robot.

Adiosu - [[Usuàriu:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] ([[Cuntierra usuàriu:InternetArchiveBot|cuntierra]]) 00:29, 19 Stg 2024 (CEST)

== Ligàmenes esternos modificados (Làmpadas 2025) ==

Salude a totus,

Como como apo modificadu in manera automàtica 1 ligàmene(s) esternu(os) in [[Genotzìdiu culturale de sos Uiguros]].
Pro praghere averguade [https://sc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=prev&amp;oldid=186496 sa modìfica mea]. Si tenides preguntas o bisongiades chi su robot ignoret sos ligàmenes o sa pàgina de su totu, bisitade [[:m:InternetArchiveBot/FAQ|custa pàgina de sas PF]] pro àteras informatziones. Apo fatu custas modìficas: 
*Archìviu https://web.archive.org/web/20180720040154/https://www.axios.com/chinas-re-education-camps-for-muslims-uyghurs-d95e9f04-0a60-4f19-b30d-6b36e4adb29f.html annantu a https://www.axios.com/chinas-re-education-camps-for-muslims-uyghurs-d95e9f04-0a60-4f19-b30d-6b36e4adb29f.html
. 
Pompiade·bos sas preguntas fitianas pro informatziones in subra de s’acontzu de sos errores cun su robot.

Adiosu - [[Usuàriu:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] ([[Cuntierra usuàriu:InternetArchiveBot|cuntierra]]) 04:58, 12 Làm 2025 (CEST)

== Ligàmenes esternos modificados (Trìulas 2025) ==

Salude a totus,

Como como apo modificadu in manera automàtica 1 ligàmene(s) esternu(os) in [[Genotzìdiu culturale de sos Uiguros]].
Pro praghere averguade [https://sc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=prev&amp;oldid=187003 sa modìfica mea]. Si tenides preguntas o bisongiades chi su robot ignoret sos ligàmenes o sa pàgina de su totu, bisitade [[:m:InternetArchiveBot/FAQ|custa pàgina de sas PF]] pro àteras informatziones. Apo fatu custas modìficas: 
*Archìviu https://web.archive.org/web/20191115101749/https://www.uyghurcongress.org/en/ilham-tohti/ annantu a https://www.uyghurcongress.org/en/ilham-tohti/
. 
Pompiade·bos sas preguntas fitianas pro informatziones in subra de s’acontzu de sos errores cun su robot.

Adiosu - [[Usuàriu:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] ([[Cuntierra usuàriu:InternetArchiveBot|cuntierra]]) 04:12, 26 Trì 2025 (CEST)

== Ligàmenes esternos modificados (Nadale 2025) ==

Salude a totus,

Como como apo modificadu in manera automàtica 1 ligàmene(s) esternu(os) in [[Genotzìdiu culturale de sos Uiguros]].
Pro praghere averguade [https://sc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=prev&amp;oldid=187815 sa modìfica mea]. Si tenides preguntas o bisongiades chi su robot ignoret sos ligàmenes o sa pàgina de su totu, bisitade [[:m:InternetArchiveBot/FAQ|custa pàgina de sas PF]] pro àteras informatziones. Apo fatu custas modìficas: 
*Archìviu https://web.archive.org/web/20201218075723/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IF10281.pdf annantu a https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IF10281.pdf
. 
Pompiade·bos sas preguntas fitianas pro informatziones in subra de s’acontzu de sos errores cun su robot.

Adiosu - [[Usuàriu:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] ([[Cuntierra usuàriu:InternetArchiveBot|cuntierra]]) 03:51, 26 Nad 2025 (CET)

== Ligàmenes esternos modificados (Ghennàrgiu 2026) ==

Salude a totus,

Como como apo modificadu in manera automàtica 1 ligàmene(s) esternu(os) in [[Genotzìdiu culturale de sos Uiguros]].
Pro praghere averguade [https://sc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=prev&amp;oldid=188383 sa modìfica mea]. Si tenides preguntas o bisongiades chi su robot ignoret sos ligàmenes o sa pàgina de su totu, bisitade [[:m:InternetArchiveBot/FAQ|custa pàgina de sas PF]] pro àteras informatziones. Apo fatu custas modìficas: 
*Archìviu https://web.archive.org/web/20220627010748/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinas-repression-uyghurs-xinjiang annantu a https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinas-repression-uyghurs-xinjiang
. 
Pompiade·bos sas preguntas fitianas pro informatziones in subra de s’acontzu de sos errores cun su robot.

Adiosu - [[Usuàriu:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] ([[Cuntierra usuàriu:InternetArchiveBot|cuntierra]]) 01:49, 28 Ghe 2026 (CET)

== Ligàmenes esternos modificados (Trìulas 2026) ==

Salude a totus,

Como como apo modificadu in manera automàtica 1 ligàmene(s) esternu(os) in [[Genotzìdiu culturale de sos Uiguros]].
Pro praghere averguade [https://sc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=prev&amp;oldid=190347 sa modìfica mea]. Si tenides preguntas o bisongiades chi su robot ignoret sos ligàmenes o sa pàgina de su totu, bisitade [[:m:InternetArchiveBot/FAQ|custa pàgina de sas PF]] pro àteras informatziones. Apo fatu custas modìficas: 
*Archìviu https://web.archive.org/web/20200513012917/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/chinese-forced-labor-is-in-us-supply-chain-congressional-report-finds-45129 annantu a https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/chinese-forced-labor-is-in-us-supply-chain-congressional-report-finds-45129
. 
Pompiade·bos sas preguntas fitianas pro informatziones in subra de s’acontzu de sos errores cun su robot.

Adiosu - [[Usuàriu:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] ([[Cuntierra usuàriu:InternetArchiveBot|cuntierra]]) 02:24, 15 Trì 2026 (CEST)</text>
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    <title>Iscurigada in sa Penìsula ibèrica de su 2025</title>
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      <text bytes="39218" sha1="sxu7441n2jvxpkayo2i1d804y8scyb8" xml:space="preserve">S''''iscurigada in sa Penìsula ibèrica de su 2025''' est istada un'acuntèssida de su 28 abrile 2025, a is 12:33 locales, chi at causadu un'interrutzione de frunidura de energia elètrica in [[Ispagna|Ispànnia]] e [[Portugallu]] durada unas deghe oras in su prus de su territòriu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|autore=D. Ranieri|url=https://www.ilpost.it/2025/04/28/blackout-spagna-portogallo/|tìtulu=L’enorme blackout in Spagna e Portogallo|editore=Il Post|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Custa interrutzione repente de frunidura elètrica at causadu dificultades mannas in is [[Telecomunicatzione|telecomunicatziones]], in sistemas de trasportu (siat in terra siat suterràneos) e in setores essentziales comente a sa gestione de is apretos, cun unos cantos mortos e vàrios fertos pro neghe de s'assistèntzia mancada. A emergèntzia finida, s'est carculadu chi su càrrigu isconnètidu siat istadu de unos 30 GW, comente summa de su càrrigu de Ispànnia (25 GW) e Portugallu (5,7 GW).

In prus de is duos paisos de sa [[Penìsula Ibèrica|penìsula ibèrica]], si sunt sinnaladas interrutziones de su servìtziu elètricu de pagos segundos o minudos in is regiones bighinas de [[Andorra]], in su nord de su [[Marocu|Marrocu]] e in unas cantas partes de sa [[Le Midi|Frantza sud-otzidentale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;euronews&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=A. Brezar|autore2=C. Skopeliti|url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/04/28/spain-portugal-and-parts-of-france-hit-by-massive-power-outage|tìtulu=Spain, Portugal and parts of France hit by massive power outage|editore=Euronews|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, chi, sende istadas luego isconnètidas, ant pòdidu evitare problemas acapiende·si torra a sa retza interconnètida de s'Unione Europea o subra de su sistema pròpiu.

== Cuntestu e cronologia de is eventos ==
Segundu is datos de s'operadore elètricu ispagnolu Red Eléctrica de España (REE)&lt;ref name=&quot;ree28&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://demanda.ree.es/visiona/peninsula/demandaau/acumulada/2025-04-28|tìtulu=Estructura de generación y almacenamiento acumulado progresivo|atzessu=30 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, finas a su momentu de s'interrutzione tzirculaiat bastante energia in rete pro gestire sa pedida de fundu e is picos normales, sende chi ddoe fiant 32 [[Watt|gigawatt]] (GW) de potèntzia a disponimentu, cun 25 GW pedidos a livellu natzionale,e 4,25 GW esportados (2,6 GW in [[Portugallu]], 0,87 GW in [[Frantza]] e 0,78 GW in [[Marocu|Marrocu]]) e 3 GW netzessàrios pro pompare s'abba&lt;ref name=&quot;lars&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.powermag.com/understanding-the-april-2025-iberian-peninsula-blackout-early-analysis-and-lessons-learned/|tìtulu=Understanding the April 2025 Iberian Peninsula Blackout: Early Analysis and Lessons Learned|autore=Aaron Larson|editore=Powermag|data=8 maggio 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Pro cantu pertocat is fontes de energia, in su momentu de s'iscurigada, metade de s'energia elètrica beniat dae s'energia solare.
[[File:Mapa_de_Red_Eléctrica_Española_2016.jpg|thumb|Mapa de sa retza elètrica de s'Ispànnia.]]
In tale cuntestu, su bonu de su calu de potèntzia elètrica est acontèssidu in chimbe segundos, cando una suta-istatzione de Granada s'est firmada, e sunt sighids guastos in [[Badajoz]] e [[Sevilla|Siviglia]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.power-technology.com/news/spain-blackout-granada-probe/?cf-view|tìtulu=Granada substation caused power loss leading to Spain and Portugal blackout|editore=Power Technology|data=15 maggio 2025|atzessu=15 maggio 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, chi ant causadu s'isconnessione automàtica de seguridade de su collegamentu cun sa [[Frantza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;lars&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.powermag.com/understanding-the-april-2025-iberian-peninsula-blackout-early-analysis-and-lessons-learned/|tìtulu=Understanding the April 2025 Iberian Peninsula Blackout: Early Analysis and Lessons Learned|autore=Aaron Larson|editore=Powermag|data=8 maggio 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/international/2025/05/05/822584.htm|tìtulu=Spain Discloses New Power Grid Failure on Day of the Blackout|autore=Rodrigo Orihuela|data=5 maggio 2025|atzessu=5 maggio 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ponende ancora prus pressione in su sistema e aviende una sèrie de isconnessiones a cadena.&lt;ref name=&quot;cb30apr&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-what-we-do-and-do-not-know-about-the-blackout-in-spain-and-portugal/|tìtulu=Q&amp;A: What we do – and do not – know about the blackout in Spain and Portugal|autore=Carbon Brief Staff|data=2025-04-30|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reevid&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/live/ssthvRCXoRg|Red Eléctrica descarta de forma preliminar un incidente de ciberseguridad|tìtulu=DIRECTO APAGÓN|editore=El País|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A inghìriu de is 12:33 s'est in fines averguadu unu calu mannu de su sistema automàticu de compidu de sa produtzione elètrica in Ispànnia&lt;ref name=&quot;ree28&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://demanda.ree.es/visiona/peninsula/demandaau/acumulada/2025-04-28|tìtulu=Estructura de generación y almacenamiento acumulado progresivo|atzessu=30 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, e is datos chi sigint non faghet a ddos fidare, ca fintzas is sistemas de comunicatzione si sunt firmados.&lt;ref name=&quot;reevid&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/live/ssthvRCXoRg|Red Eléctrica descarta de forma preliminar un incidente de ciberseguridad|tìtulu=DIRECTO APAGÓN|editore=El País|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.diariodeibiza.es/economia/2025/04/29/red-electrica-sospecha-desconexion-masiva-116854562.html|tìtulu=Red Eléctrica sospecha de una desconexión masiva de plantas solares antes del apagón total|autore=David Page|data=2025-04-29|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa Retza europea de is gestores de is sistemas de trasmissione de s'energia elètrica (ENTSO-e) e RTVE (sa televisione natzionale) ant a pustis decraradu chi &quot;in su sistema elètricu de sa penìsula ibèrica tzirculaiat unu valore de energia paris a zero&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.entsoe.eu/news/2025/05/01/iberian-black-out-entso-e-congratulates-red-electrica-and-ren-for-the-rapid-recovery-of-the-electricity-systems-of-portugal-and-spain-and-establishes-an-expert-panel-to-investigate-the-incident/|tìtulu=Iberian Black-out: ENTSO-E congratulates Red Electrica and REN for the rapid recovery of the electricity systems of Portugal and Spain, and establishes an Expert Panel to investigate the incident|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.rtve.es/play/audios/english-language-broadcast/english-language-broadcast-when-spain-went-dark-the-blackout-of-april-28th/16561896/|tìtulu=When Spain went dark: the blackout of April 28th|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bakerahead&quot;&gt;{{Tzita publicatzione|data=2025-05-02|tìtulu=The Iberian Peninsula Blackout — Causes, Consequences, and Challenges Ahead|rivista=Commentary|limba=en|url=https://www.bakerinstitute.org/research/iberian-peninsula-blackout-causes-consequences-and-challenges-ahead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Lìnia temporale de is eventos ===

* 12:03 – 12:07 CEST – Agatadu e arrangiadu su primu perìodu de bantzigamentos in sa retza.
* 12:19 – 12:21 CEST – Agatadu e arrangiadu su segundu perìodu de bantzigamentos in sa retza. Dae insandus sa retza pariat istàbile.
* 12:32:57 – 12:33:17 CEST – una sèrie de bantzigamentos de frecuèntzia in su sud de s'Ispànnia, su primu acanta de Granada, su segundu acanta de [[Badajoz]] e su de tres acanta de [[Sevilla|Siviglia]], pròvocant una pèrdida de 2200 [[Watt|MW]] de capatzidade de generatzione. Sa frecuèntzia de currente diminuit e sa tensione creschet.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://elpais.com/espana/2025-05-14/aagesen-ubica-el-inicio-del-apagon-en-las-provincias-de-sevilla-granada-y-badajoz.html|tìtulu=El Gobierno sitúa el inicio del apagón en tres pérdidas sucesivas de generación en Granada, Badajoz y Sevilla|autore=Manuel Planelles, Ignacio Fariza|data=2025-05-14|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 12:33:18 – 12:33:21 CEST – Sa frecuèntzia de retza de sa penìsula ibèrica calat a suta de 48,0 Hz. Est ativada sa disconnessione automàtica de su càrrigu.
* 12:33:21 CEST – Interrùmpidas is lìnias elètricas intre [[Frantza]], [[Portugallu]], [[Andorra]], [[Marocu|Marrocu]] e Ispànnia pro neghe de is isconnessiones.
* 12:33:24 CEST – Is isconnessiones a cadena internas càusant sa falada de sa retza, cun sa distributzione in currente continuada intre Frantza e Ispànnia de su totu isulada.
* 12:44 CEST – Si torrat a ativare sa prima lìnia CA de 400 [[Watt|kV]] Ispànnia-Frantza.
* 13:04 CEST – Si torrat a ativare s'interconnessione Ispànnia-Marocu
* ?? – 13:30 CEST – Si finit de preparare is tzentrales idroelètricas ispagnolas pro s'aviu sena energia elètrica esterna.
* 13:35 CEST – Si torrat a ativare sa lìnia CA intre Ispànnia e Frantza subra de sa costa orientale.
* 16:11 CEST – S'aviat sa prima tzentrale elètrica in Portugallu chi non tenet bisòngiu de energia elètrica esterna.
* 17:26 CEST – S'aviat sa segunda tzentrale elètrica in Portugallu chi non tenet bisòngiu de energia elètrica esterna.
* 18:36 CEST – Si torrat a ativare sa lìnia de 220 kV intre Ispànnia e Portugallu.
* 21:35 CEST – Si torrat a ativare sa lìnia de 400 kV intre s'Ispànnia e su Portugallu meridionale.
* 00:22 CEST – Sa retza in Portugallu est torra ativa de s'in totu.
* 04:00 CEST – Sa retza in Ispànnia est torra ativa de s'in totu.

== Efetos ==

=== Ispànnia ===
[[File:Apagón_2025_Estación_Clara_Campoamor.jpg|thumb|Passigeris abetende in s'istatzione ferroviària de Chamartín in [[Madrid|Madrìd]], durante s'iscurigada.]]
Is efetos de s'iscurigada sunt istados medas, ma isceti in s'[[Ispagna|Ispànnia]] continentale sende chi is [[ìsulas Canàrias]], is [[ìsulas Baleares]], [[Ceuta]] e [[Melilla]] no sunt acapiadas a sa pròpiu retza, comente Gibilterra puru, chi tenet unu sistema elètricu autònomu pròpiu&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/europa/spanien-portugal-stromausfall-100.html|tìtulu=Massiver Stromausfall in Spanien und Portugal|editore=Tagesschau|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20250428-major-power-outage-in-spain-and-portugal-disrupts-transport-communication|tìtulu=Power gradually returns to Spain, Portugal as cause of blackout remains unknown|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Semper cando, is biagiadores in intrada e in essida bia terra in sa zona de [[Gibraltar|Gibilterra]] ant tentu problemas chi si depiant a sa mancàntzia de servìtzios informàticos in sa làcana tra Rennu Unidu e Ispànnia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.gbc.gi/news/developing-gibraltar-unaffected-power-outage-hits-spain-portugal-and-france|tìtulu=DEVELOPING: Gibraltar Unaffected as Power Outage Hits Spain, Portugal and France|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Is efetos de s'iscurigada sunt istados medas, in totu is cuntestos. In su de su trasportu pùblicu, sa cumpangia ferroviària ispagnola RENFE at decraradu chi totu is trenos si sunt firmados&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=Daniel Keane, Matt Watts e Jacob Phillips|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/spain-portugal-power-outage-transport-b1224686.html|tìtulu=State of emergency declared as 'rare atmospheric phenomenon' causes huge power outages in Spain and Portugal|editore=The Standard|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, cun unos 35 000 passigeris riscatados a pustis de èssere abarrados blocados in su mesu de su tretu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|url=https://www.rainews.it/video/2025/04/blackout-in-spagna-diverse-persone-intrappolate-in-treni-e-metro-fermi-beee59d8-1fc0-4673-9eca-dd504eb7fc0c.html|tìtulu=Blackout in Spagna: diverse persone intrappolate in treni e metro fermi|editore=Il Post|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ap2&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://apnews.com/article/spain-portugal-power-outage-electicity-533832bb4ceae92eaa68c23dc0b5db18|tìtulu=Without power, Spain’s trains were immobilized. Three travelers shared their tales|editore=Associated Press (AP)|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fintzas s'aeroportu internatzionale Barajas de [[Madrid]], che is àteros, est abarradu sena lughe&lt;ref name=&quot;euronews&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=A. Brezar|autore2=C. Skopeliti|url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/04/28/spain-portugal-and-parts-of-france-hit-by-massive-power-outage|tìtulu=Spain, Portugal and parts of France hit by massive power outage|editore=Euronews|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, mancari prus tardu siat resèssidu a torrare operativu cun una capatzidade reduida de su 20% gràtzias a interventos de sa cumpangia de gestione Aena.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=Walter Finch|url=https://www.theolivepress.es/spain-news/2025/04/28/power-cut-latest-all-medium-and-long-distance-trains-in-spain-cancelled-for-today-but-air-traffic-operating-normally/|tìtulu=POWER CUT LATEST: ALL MEDIUM AND LONG DISTANCE TRAINS IN SPAIN CANCELLED FOR TODAY BUT AIR TRAFFIC OPERATING ‘NORMALLY’|editore=Olive Press News Spain|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tzitades medas, comente sa capitale matessi, ant ativadu su pranu de apretu PEMA (''Plan Territorial de Emergencia Municipal del Ayuntamiento''), chi previdet sa serrada de su prus de is iscolas, de is [[Universidade|universidades]] e de is fainas cummertziales cando ddu bolerent o resurtaret netzessàriu; s'òrdine de interrutzione immediada de sa faine de lìnias ferroviàrias e metropolitana e s'evacuatzione issoro; s'interrutzione de is fainas de is istitutos bancàrios. Sa politzia est dèvida intervènnere pro dirìgere su tràficu e garantire sa seguridade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita publicatzione|data=2025-04-28|tìtulu=Blackout in Spagna: città paralizzate, le testimonianze di chi ha subito i disagi|limba=it|url=https://www.rainews.it/video/2025/04/blackout-in-spagna-citta-paralizzate-le-testimonianze-di-chi-ha-subito-i-disagi-tg3-de4b224a-bba3-4aec-b911-b95a5cada6c9.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Telecomunicatziones e Internet ====
[[File:Downdetector_28_04_25.png|thumb|Sa falada de is operadores telefònicos ispanniolos, sinnalada in Downdetector.]]
Fintzas is servìtzios de telecomunicatzione e Internet sunt istados corfidos, cun NetBlocks chi at notadu una falada de su tràficu de rete a su 17% de su normale, mentras sunt crèschidas is comunicatziones satellitares, chi non sunt istadas corfidas si non dipendiant dae istatziones de terra pùblicas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://mastodon.social/@netblocks/114415376771310173|tìtulu=Confirmed: Network data show a national scale internet outage in Spain, with nearby countries including Portugal and France also affected; the incident is attributed to a regional power outage impacting multiple countries|editore=Netblocks|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2025/05/10/power-outage-in-spain-and-portugal-a-publicity-boost-for-starlink_6741108_19.html|tìtulu=Power outage in Spain and Portugal: A publicity boost for Starlink|data=2025-05-10|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Sanidade ====
Pro cantu pertocat su sistema sanitàriu, imbetzes, is ispidales ant pòdidu sighire a operare, mancari a capatzidade reduida, gràtzias a s'ativatzione de is generadores de riserva.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2025-04-28/massive-power-outages-cause-blackouts-in-spain-and-portugal.html|tìtulu=Massive power blackout hits Spain and Portugal|autore=Cecilia Castelló Llantada, Álvaro Sánchez|data=2025-04-28|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Tzentrales elètricas ====
De custu puntu de annotu, is autoridades ispanniolas ant referidu chi is tzentrales nucleares de su paisu si fiant giai iscollegadas in automàticu dae sa rete pro neghe de sa pèrdida de energia elètrica–&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|autore=Natasha Caragnano|url=https://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2025/04/28/diretta/black_out_in_tutta_la_spagna-_le_news_evacuata_la_metropolitana_di_madrid-424153463/|tìtulu=Blackout Spagna, le news. Ripristinata corrente in diverse zone. Sanchez: “Nessuna ipotesi esclusa”|editore=La Repubblica|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;  cun bator reatores chi, in su momentu de s'intzidente, fiant generende energia (3,3 GW), mentras àteros tres chi fiant in mantenimentu programmadu giai prevìdidu, sende chi in beranu is energias rennoaditzas frunint su bonu de su bisòngiu&lt;ref name=&quot;gual&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.energyconnects.com/news/gas-lng/2025/may/spain-boosts-costlier-gas-power-to-secure-grid-after-blackout/|tìtulu=Spain Boosts Costlier Gas Power to Secure Grid After Blackout|editore=Bloomberg}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/spains-nuclear-lobby-urges-review-phase-out-plan-following-blackout-2025-05-06/|tìtulu=Spain's nuclear lobby urges review of phase-out plan following blackout}}&lt;/ref&gt;. In cada manera, is generadores de riserva e is sistemas de istudada de emergèntzia ant frunidu in manera autònoma s'energia netzessària a s'isfritamentu, pro mantènnere is sete reatores in seguresa&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.ilmessaggero.it/mondo/blackout_spagna_centrali_nucleari_spente_reattori_generatori_diesel_cosa_succede-8804543.html|tìtulu=Blackout Spagna, si fermano le centrali nucleari: reattori funzionanti grazie a generatori diesel di emergenza|data=2025-04-28|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;, mentras si preparaiant unos cantos reatores pro torrare a funtzionare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/spains-nuclear-reactors-prepare-reconnection-grid-nuclear-safety-council-says-2025-04-28/|tìtulu=Spain's nuclear reactors prepare for reconnection to grid, nuclear safety council says|editore=Reuters|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Sotziedade ====
[[File:Compras_de_pánico_en_Cartagena_(20250428_205531).jpg|thumb|Parastàgios bòidos in su repartu fruta de su Mercadona La Vaguada in [[Cartagena (Ispagna)|Cartagena]], pro neghe de is comporòngios compulsivos causados dae s'interrutzione.]]
In sa sotziedade, confusione e timoria si sunt ispainados, manifestende·si a s'ispissu in comporòngios compulsivos, mentras in su matessi tempus, in unos cantos caminos e terratzas s'atmosfera est abarrada sulena.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|url=https://www.rainews.it/video/2025/04/blackout-in-spagna-a-madrid-supermercati-presi-dassalto-fab81316-a1be-4845-bf0b-ef3f8a70ce14.html|tìtulu=Blackout in Spagna, a Madrid supermercati presi d’assalto|editore=Rai News|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|url=https://www.ilpost.it/2025/04/29/storie-blackout-spagna-portogallo/|tìtulu=Le scene di altri tempi in Spagna e Portogallo durante il blackout|editore=Il Post|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=es|autore=Enrique Recio|url=https://theobjective.com/espana/2025-04-29/caos-histeria-nueve-horas-apagon-madrid/|tìtulu=El caos y la histeria tras nueve horas de apagón en Madrid: «¿Papá, qué cenamos esta noche?»|editore=The Objective}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Istitutziones pùblicas ====
[[File:Consejo_de_Seguridad_Nacional_por_el_apagón_presidido_por_el_Rey_(5).jpg|thumb|Su Cussìgiu de seguridade natzionale presididu dae su Re de Ispànnia e dae su Presidente de su Guvernu, 29 abrile 2025.]]
Mancari totu, is istitutziones pùblicas ant pòdidu sighire is fainas normales issoro, cun s'agenda de su Re Tilipu VI abarrada sena càmbios gràtzias a sa presèntzia de impiantos de generatzione autònoma de in su Palatzu de sa Zarzuela&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.semana.es/familia-real-espanola/comunicado-urgente-casa-real-tras-apagon-electrico-masivo-que-ha-pillado-rey-felipe-plena-reunion-zarzuela_2797861|tìtulu=El apagón eléctrico masivo afecta al rey Felipe en plena reunión en el Palacio de la Zarzuela|autore=Irene Toribio|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Pro contras, su Cungressu de sos Deputados, sa Bussa de Madrid, su Palatzu de sa Moncloa, is sedes de is ministèrios e, intre òrganos medas, su Parlamentu de sa Catalùnnia, sunt imbetzes abarrados sena energia e ant dèvidu abetare s'intrada in funtzione de is generadores internos&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.lasexta.com/noticias/nacional/congreso-bolsa-parlament-asi-esta-afectando-gran-apagon-instituciones_20250428680f66eb5d71dc778a92c9c6.html|tìtulu=El Congreso, la Bolsa, el Parlament... Así está afectando el gran apagón a las instituciones|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, mentras su Senadu at suspèndidu sa faina parlamentare sua pro su 29 de abrile&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-senado-suspende-actividad-parlamentaria-manana-20250428223034.html|tìtulu=El Senado suspende su actividad parlamentaria de mañana|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Unas cantas istitutziones, in fines, comente su Ministèriu de sa Difesa e su quartier generale de sa Marina, ant sighidu a tènnere interrutziones de erogatzione de energia elètrica fintzas a pustis de su 29 abrile, mancari sa torrada generale de sa frunidura.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=es|autore=Rodrigo Isasi Arce|url=https://theobjective.com/espana/2025-04-29/ministerio-defensa-cortes-luz/|tìtulu=El Ministerio de Defensa sufre cortes de luz un día después del apagón|data=29 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In custu cuntestu, su Presidente de su Guvernu de Ispagna, Pedro Sánchez, at cunvocadu a sa lestra una sèrie de reuniones de su Cussìgiu de seguridade natzionale, pro istudiare sa situatzione, e deliberadu s'istadu de apretu e pro assinniare a su Guvernu sas cumpetèntzias in matèria de politzia e protetzione tzivile pro oto [[Comunidades autònomas de s'Ispagna|comunidades autònomas]] chi li dd'aiant domandadu.&lt;ref name=&quot;ap&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=Renata Brito, Barry Hatton e Joseph Wilson|url=https://apnews.com/article/spain-portugal-power-outage-electricity-b0c5fbca49b8422248c4f933e20303b3|tìtulu=Massive power outage in Spain and Portugal leaves thousands stranded and millions without light|editore=Associated Press (AP)|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=es|autore=J.J. Gálvez|url=https://elpais.com/espana/2025-04-28/sanchez-declara-la-emergencia-nacional-en-las-tres-comunidades-que-lo-han-solicitado.html|tìtulu=El Gobierno declara la emergencia nacional por el apagón en las ocho comunidades que lo han pedido|editore=El País|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Traballu ====
S'organizatzione de sos datores de traballu “CEOE” (''Confederación Española de Organizaciones Empresariales'') at istimadu chi s'interrutzione de currente apat causadu pèrdidas econòmicas paris a 1,6 milliardos de [[Èuru|èuros]], pari a su 0,1% de su [[Produtu Internu Brutu|Produtu internu brutu]] natzionale.&lt;ref name=&quot;how&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=es|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/economia/20250429/10627754/apagon-luz-electricidad-empresas-industria-tiendas.html|tìtulu=La CEOE calcula que el apagón supondrá una pérdida de 1.600 millones, el 0,1% del PIB|editore=La Vanguardia|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Fertos e mortos ====
A su mancu oto persones sunt mortas pro neghe de s'iscurigada in Ispagna, prus che totu pro abbenenamentu dae monòssidu de carbòniu, forsis causadu dae unu generadore elètricu difetosu in un'abitatzione in Taboadela, e unu fogu in unu palatzu in [[Madrid]], chi at interessadu unas àteras 13 persones.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=es|url=https://www.telecinco.es/noticias/sociedad/20250430/investigan-muertes-relacionadas-apagon-ultima-paciente-ela_18_015447576.html|tìtulu=Se investigan ocho posibles muertes relacionadas con el apagón, la última es una persona con ELA que precisaba de un sistema de ventilación mecánica|editore=Telecinco|data=30 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pro cantu pertocat is feridos imbetzes, su nùmeru istimadu est de a su mancu 25 persones pro motivos diferentes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=es|url=https://xcatalunya.cat/es/sucesos/drama-tras-apagon-suben-25-las-personas-heridas-catalunya|tìtulu=Drama tras el apagón: Suben a 25 las personas heridas en Catalunya|editore=XCatalunya|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Portugallu ===
In [[Portugallu]], che in Ispànnia etotu, s'iscurigada at blocadu su bonu de is servìtzios de base, comente butegas, supermercados&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Carla B. Ribeiro|url=https://www.publico.pt/2025/04/29/impar/noticia/apagao-ha-supermercados-abertos-prateleiras-vazias-2131329|tìtulu=Depois do apagão, há supermercados abertos de prateleiras vazias|editore=Público|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, potecarias&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Lusa|url=https://sicnoticias.pt/pais/2025-04-28-apagao-farmacias-enfrentam-serios-constrangimentos-e-vacinas-estao-em-risco-e1523e1c|tìtulu=Apagão: farmácias enfrentam &quot;sérios constrangimentos&quot; e vacinas estão em risco|editore=SIC Noticias|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; e sistemas de pagamentu eletrònicu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruno-2025&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Cátia Bruno|url=https://observador.pt/especiais/caos-no-transito-comunicacoes-cortadas-e-corridas-as-lojas-o-longo-dia-em-que-um-apagao-paralisou-o-pais|tìtulu=Caos no trânsito, comunicações cortadas e corridas às lojas. O longo dia em que um apagão paralisou o país|editore=Observador|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Is regiones insulares de [[Madeira|Madera]] e de is [[Azorras|Azzorras]], sende chi sa retza issoro non dipendet dae sa continentale, non sunt istadas interessadas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|url=https://www.jm-madeira.pt/regiao/em-portugal-ha-apenas-energia-eletrica-na-madeira-e-nos-acores-NL18025383|tìtulu=Em Portugal há apenas energia elétrica na Madeira e nos Açores|editore=JM Madeira|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Trasportos ====
[[File:Autocarro_desvia_de_elétrico_parado_em_Calvário,_Lisboa.jpg|alt=An eletric bus and tram in Lisbon are stopped in traffic and blocking the street while other cars attempt to pass around them.|thumb|In [[Lisbona]] is trasportos pùblicos alimentados a energia elètrica si sunt firmados in su tràficu e sunt abarrados firmos in s'ìnteri de s'iscurigada.]]
In prus de s'interrutzione a sos semàforos e a sas infrastruturas istradales, chi ant causadu intzidentes, e de un'impreu de prus agentes de politzia pro gestire is problemas de tràficu, is servìtzios ferroviàrios suburbanos e de trasportu lestru (comente sa Metropolitana de Lisbona e sa rete sua tranviària) sunt istados interrùmpidos e is trenos sunt istados evacuados. Nointames, su trasportu ferroviàriu in sese no at tentu problemas mannos, ca cudda die is traballadores de sa Comboios de Portugal fiant in isciòperu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruno-2025&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Cátia Bruno|url=https://observador.pt/especiais/caos-no-transito-comunicacoes-cortadas-e-corridas-as-lojas-o-longo-dia-em-que-um-apagao-paralisou-o-pais|tìtulu=Caos no trânsito, comunicações cortadas e corridas às lojas. O longo dia em que um apagão paralisou o país|editore=Observador|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Daivd Pereira|url=https://www.dn.pt/sociedade/descarrilamento-de-metro-linha-verde-interrompida-amarela-ja-reabriu|tìtulu=Descarrilamento de metro. Linha verde interrompida, amarela já reabriu|editore=Diário da Notícias|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Daniel Costa Texeira|url=https://cnnportugal.iol.pt/apagao/apagao-eletrico/ja-ha-metro-no-porto-mas-nao-em-lisboa-barcos-no-tejo-avioes-a-circular-e-governo-quer-escolas-abertas-o-dia-a-seguir-ao-apagao/20250429/68106ec7d34e3f0bae9d7acd|tìtulu=Já há metro no Porto e em Lisboa, barcos no Tejo, aviões a circular e Governo quer escolas abertas. O dia a seguir ao apagão|editore=CNN Portugal|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/economia/greve-de-trabalhadores-da-cp-paralisa-a-circulacao-de-comboios_n1650788|tìtulu=Greve de trabalhadores da CP paralisa a circulação de comboios|editore=RTP Notícias|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Is postales elètricos, is naes, is bitzicletas cumpartzidas (sende chi ddi faghent bisòngiu infrastruturas elètricas) e àteros mèdios non sunt resèssidos a essire dae is istatziones issoro e sunt istados duncas suspèndidos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Mário Rui André|url=https://lisboaparapessoas.pt/2025/04/29/apagao-mobilidade-electrica/|tìtulu=O apagão e a dependência eléctrica da mobilidade urbana|editore=Lisboa Para Pessoas (#LPP)|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

S'aeroportu de Lisbona at imbetzes sighidu a traballare, mancari cun fortes limitatziones, e est istadu serradu a inghìriu de is 13:00 locales pro is bòlidos in arribu e suspèndidu pro is partèntzias, chi sunt istadas autorizadas torra a is 21:38 locales. Intertantu, is aeroportos de Porto e de Faro ant impreau is generadores elètricos issoro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|url=https://www.rainews.it/articoli/2025/05/blackout-disagi-allaeroporto-di-lisbona-valigie-accatastate-ambasciata-aiuta-turisti-italiani-6920ca5e-d846-4a2b-b106-8197ab6369f9.html|tìtulu=Blackout, disagi all'aeroporto di Lisbona: “Valigie accatastate”. Ambasciata aiuta turisti italiani|editore=Rai News|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|url=https://sicnoticias.pt/pais/2025-04-28-apagao-geral-afeta-portugal-e-outros-paises-da-europa-6a37283a|tìtulu=Apagão em Portugal e Espanha foi o &quot;mais severo&quot; dos últimos 20 anos na Europa|editore=SIC Noticias|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Telecomunicatziones e Internet ====
Fintzas is retzas mòbiles ant tentu limitatziones medas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Luís Vidigal|url=https://www.dn.pt/opiniao/quando-a-energia-falha-a-comunica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-n%C3%A3o-pode-falhar|tìtulu=Quando a energia falha, a comunicação não pode falhar|editore=Diário da Notícias|data=30 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Sanidade ====
Is ispidales ant fatu impreadu is generadores issoro pro pòdere sighire a funtzionare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=Gabriela Galvin|url=https://www.euronews.com/health/2025/04/29/amid-major-outage-health-workers-in-spain-and-portugal-adapted-to-provide-urgent-care-with|tìtulu=Amid major outage, health workers in Spain and Portugal adapted to provide urgent care without power|editore=euronews|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Sotziedade ====
In s'ìnteri de s'iscurigada, che in Ispànnia, is persones sunt andadas currende a fàghere iscorta de benes essentziales comente màndigu, abba, baterias, dispositivos de illuminatzione e ràdiu&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruno-2025&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Cátia Bruno|url=https://observador.pt/especiais/caos-no-transito-comunicacoes-cortadas-e-corridas-as-lojas-o-longo-dia-em-que-um-apagao-paralisou-o-pais|tìtulu=Caos no trânsito, comunicações cortadas e corridas às lojas. O longo dia em que um apagão paralisou o país|editore=Observador|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sa sotziedade ìdrica istatale ''Águas de Portugal'' at pedidu a is consumadores de moderare su consumu de abba pro prevènnere guastos a su sistema durante s'interrutzione de currente.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|url=https://www.dn.pt/sociedade/apag%C3%A3o-grupo-%C3%A1guas-de-portugal-apela-ao-consumo-muito-moderado-de-%C3%A1gua|tìtulu=Apagão: Grupo Águas de Portugal apela ao consumo muito moderado de água|editore=Diário de Notícias|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Istitutziones pùblicas ====
Su Guvernu ghiadu dae su Primu ministru Luís Montenegro at tentu una reunione de apretu de su Cussìgiu de is ministros pro arrsonare de sa situatzione, tenende·si fintzas in cuntatu cun su Presidente de sa Repùblica Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa&lt;ref name=&quot;ap&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=Renata Brito, Barry Hatton e Joseph Wilson|url=https://apnews.com/article/spain-portugal-power-outage-electricity-b0c5fbca49b8422248c4f933e20303b3|tìtulu=Massive power outage in Spain and Portugal leaves thousands stranded and millions without light|editore=Associated Press (AP)|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. A s'agabbu de s'addòbiu, su capu de su guvernu at declaradu s'istadu de crisi energètica pedende a s'Unione Europea de aviare un'inchesta a subra de is impiantos elètricos interessados e imponende su mantenimentu de sa disponibilidade de sa capatzidade de aviu sena currente de sa tzentrale idroelètrica de ''Tapada do Outeiro'' a su mancu finas a su 2030 e de bòlere ammanniare custa capatzidade a su mancu a duas àteras localidades, sa diga de ''Alqueva'' e de ''Baixo Sabor'', de manera chi su recùperu de un'iscurigada totale siat prus lestru.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Ana Bela Ferreira|url=https://www.sabado.pt/portugal/detalhe/luis-montenegro-o-sistema-esta-a-funcionar-com-a-producao-nacional|tìtulu=Governo vai pedir à UE uma &quot;auditoria aos sistemas elétricos afetados para uma resposta cabal sobre a origem&quot; do apagão|editore=Sábado|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|url=https://observador.pt/2025/04/29/apagao-governo-quer-centrais-do-baixo-sabor-e-alqueva-com-arranque-autonomo/|tìtulu=Apagão. Governo quer centrais do Baixo Sabor e Alqueva com arranque autónomo|editore=Observador|data=30 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Mortos ====
Est istadu comunicadu chi a su mancu una persone est morta pro neghe de s'iscurigada: sa vìtima, de 77 annos, fiat collegada in manera permanente a unu ventiladore mecànicu in s'abitatzione cando s'aparatu s'est firmadu non ddoe est istada sa possibilidade de intervènnere in presse.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Fernanda de Oliveira Ribeiro e Ricardo Tenreiro|url=https://sicnoticias.pt/pais/2025-05-02-video-o-que-se-sabe-ate-ao-momento-sobre-morte-de-doente-ventilada-durante-o-apagao-2d2bf1f0|tìtulu=O que se sabe até ao momento sobre morte de doente ventilada durante o apagão|editore=SIC Noticias|data=2 maggio 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Càusas possìbiles ==
S'iscurigada si depet a duas flutuatziones in sa retza elètrica (chi in cunditziones normales sunt fenòmenos fitianos, chi si podent manigiare). Sa segunda at causadu sa disconnessione a cadena de su sistema elètricu ibèricu dae s'europeu, giughende a su collassu de sa retza intrea.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|url=https://www.ilpost.it/2025/04/29/blackout-capacita-reti-elettriche/|tìtulu=Le reti elettriche vivono pericolosamente|editore=Il Post|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lars&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.powermag.com/understanding-the-april-2025-iberian-peninsula-blackout-early-analysis-and-lessons-learned/|tìtulu=Understanding the April 2025 Iberian Peninsula Blackout: Early Analysis and Lessons Learned|autore=Aaron Larson|editore=Powermag|data=8 maggio 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;entsoe-20250509&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.entsoe.eu/news/2025/05/09/entso-e-expert-panel-initiates-the-investigation-into-the-causes-of-iberian-blackout/|tìtulu=ENTSO-E expert panel initiates the investigation into the causes of Iberian blackout|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/huge-blackouts-cripple-power-supply-in-spain-and-portugal/|tìtulu=Stay home, Spanish PM urges citizens as Iberian power outage continues|data=2025-04-28|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/29/europe/what-caused-spain-portugal-blackout-explainer-intl|tìtulu=Power is back on in Spain and Portugal, but questions remain about Monday’s blackout. Here’s what we know|autore=Robert Picheta|data=2025-04-29|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Disinformatzione ==
A pustis de s'eventu sunt tzirculadas teorias farsas a subra de s'orìgine de s'interrutzione. Messàgios ispainados in lìnia (a is 12:56, 23 minutos a pustis de s'iscurigada) naraiant chi sa càusa esseret un'atacu informàticu russu, atribuende sa noa a sa Presidente de sa Cummissione Europea [[Ursula von der Leyen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-2025&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/04/29/iberian-peninsula-blackout-sparks-spread-of-false-theories-online}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mald&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://maldita.es/malditobulo/20250507/blackout-foreign-disinformation/|tìtulu=Disinformation about the blackout went around the world: impersonated media, rare atmospheric phenomenom and Russian networks·Maldita.es - Periodismo para que no te la cuelen|data=2025-05-07|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sa matessi noa est istada atribuida fintzas a sa sotziedade elètrica portoghesa EDP Group.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruno-2025&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Cátia Bruno|url=https://observador.pt/especiais/caos-no-transito-comunicacoes-cortadas-e-corridas-as-lojas-o-longo-dia-em-que-um-apagao-paralisou-o-pais|tìtulu=Caos no trânsito, comunicações cortadas e corridas às lojas. O longo dia em que um apagão paralisou o país|editore=Observador|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Unos cantos òrganos de imprenta, comente sa CNN e Reuters, ant referidu chi sa Red Eléctrica de España at ghetadu sa neghe de s'acuntessimentu a unu &quot;eventu atmosfèricu raru&quot; naradu &quot;vibratzione atmosfèrica induida&quot;, chi diat àere causadu &quot;errores de sincronizatzione intre sos sistemas elètricos&quot;, ma sa cosa est istada negada in presse dae sa pròpiu cumpangia. Fintzas s'ipòtesi de un'erutzione solare at retzidu 1,9 milliones de visualizatziones, ma est istada denegada dae su Space Weather Prediction Center&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://www.reuters.com/fact-check/spain-still-investigating-cause-blackout-solar-flare-not-blamed-2025-05-06/|tìtulu=Fact Check: Spain still investigating cause of blackout, but solar flare not blamed|publicatzione=Reuters|data=2025-05-06|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sunt istadas in fines ispainadas fintzas foto satellitares farsas chi ammustraiant una penìsula in s'iscuru a de note, cando in realidade in sa penìsula ibèrica fiat giai istadu ripristinadu su servìtziu de distributzione de s'energia elètrica.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|url=https://www.rainews.it/articoli/2025/04/cose-la-vibrazione-atmosferica-indotta-potrebbe-aver-causato-il-blackout-in-spagna-e-portogallo-24ea5f81-35e0-472c-ab19-2338cdea806b.html|tìtulu=Cos'è la vibrazione atmosferica indotta? Potrebbe aver causato il blackout in Spagna e Portogallo|editore=Rai News|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-2025&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/04/29/iberian-peninsula-blackout-sparks-spread-of-false-theories-online}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.publico.pt/2025/04/28/economia/noticia/apagao-cuidado-quatro-fake-news-estao-circular-2131204|tìtulu=Apagão: cuidado com estas quatro fake news que estão a circular|autore=Sónia Sapage|data=2025-04-28|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mald&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://maldita.es/malditobulo/20250507/blackout-foreign-disinformation/|tìtulu=Disinformation about the blackout went around the world: impersonated media, rare atmospheric phenomenom and Russian networks·Maldita.es - Periodismo para que no te la cuelen|data=2025-05-07|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Riferimentos ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>sxu7441n2jvxpkayo2i1d804y8scyb8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>190350</id>
      <parentid>190349</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-15T10:38:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PNNu</username>
        <id>12712</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Màgini, categoria, arrangiamentus</comment>
      <origin>190350</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39506" sha1="nw4hpe1s4kb6cjnwtezspymksqgwbey" xml:space="preserve">[[File:El centro urbano de Vigo a oscuras- Rosalía de Castro sin alumbrado público.jpg|thumb|Su tzentru urbanu de Vigo in s'iscuru, pro neghe de sa farta de energia]]
S''''iscurigada in sa Penìsula ibèrica de su 2025''' est istada un'acuntèssida de su 28 abrile 2025, a is 12:33 locales, chi at causadu un'interrutzione de frunidura de energia elètrica in [[Ispagna|Ispànnia]] e [[Portugallu]] durada unas deghe oras in su prus de su territòriu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|autore=D. Ranieri|url=https://www.ilpost.it/2025/04/28/blackout-spagna-portogallo/|tìtulu=L’enorme blackout in Spagna e Portogallo|editore=Il Post|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Custa interrutzione repente de frunidura elètrica at causadu dificultades mannas in is [[Telecomunicatzione|telecomunicatziones]], in sistemas de trasportu (siat in terra siat suterràneos) e in setores essentziales comente a sa gestione de is apretos, cun unos cantos mortos e vàrios fertos pro neghe de s'assistèntzia mancada. A emergèntzia finida, s'est carculadu chi su càrrigu isconnètidu siat istadu de unos 30 GW, comente summa de su càrrigu de Ispànnia (25 GW) e Portugallu (5,7 GW).

In prus de is duos paisos de sa [[Penìsula Ibèrica|penìsula ibèrica]], si sunt sinnaladas interrutziones de su servìtziu elètricu de pagos segundos o minudos in is regiones bighinas de [[Andorra]], in su nord de su [[Marocu|Marrocu]] e in unas cantas partes de sa [[Le Midi|Frantza sud-otzidentale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;euronews&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=A. Brezar|autore2=C. Skopeliti|url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/04/28/spain-portugal-and-parts-of-france-hit-by-massive-power-outage|tìtulu=Spain, Portugal and parts of France hit by massive power outage|editore=Euronews|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, chi, sende istadas luego isconnètidas, ant pòdidu evitare problemas acapiende·si torra a sa retza interconnètida de s'Unione Europea o subra de su sistema pròpiu.

== Cuntestu e cronologia de is eventos ==
Segundu is datos de s'operadore elètricu ispagnolu Red Eléctrica de España (REE)&lt;ref name=&quot;ree28&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://demanda.ree.es/visiona/peninsula/demandaau/acumulada/2025-04-28|tìtulu=Estructura de generación y almacenamiento acumulado progresivo|atzessu=30 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, finas a su momentu de s'interrutzione tzirculaiat bastante energia in rete pro gestire sa pedida de fundu e is picos normales, sende chi ddoe fiant 32 [[Watt|gigawatt]] (GW) de potèntzia a disponimentu, cun 25 GW pedidos a livellu natzionale,e 4,25 GW esportados (2,6 GW in [[Portugallu]], 0,87 GW in [[Frantza]] e 0,78 GW in [[Marocu|Marrocu]]) e 3 GW netzessàrios pro pompare s'abba&lt;ref name=&quot;lars&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.powermag.com/understanding-the-april-2025-iberian-peninsula-blackout-early-analysis-and-lessons-learned/|tìtulu=Understanding the April 2025 Iberian Peninsula Blackout: Early Analysis and Lessons Learned|autore=Aaron Larson|editore=Powermag|data=8 maggio 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Pro cantu pertocat is fontes de energia, in su momentu de s'iscurigada, metade de s'energia elètrica beniat dae s'energia solare.
[[File:Mapa_de_Red_Eléctrica_Española_2016.jpg|thumb|Mapa de sa retza elètrica de s'Ispànnia.]]
In tale cuntestu, su bonu de su calu de potèntzia elètrica est acontèssidu in chimbe segundos, cando una suta-istatzione de Granada s'est firmada, e sunt sighids guastos in [[Badajoz]] e [[Sevilla|Siviglia]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.power-technology.com/news/spain-blackout-granada-probe/?cf-view|tìtulu=Granada substation caused power loss leading to Spain and Portugal blackout|editore=Power Technology|data=15 maggio 2025|atzessu=15 maggio 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, chi ant causadu s'isconnessione automàtica de seguridade de su collegamentu cun sa [[Frantza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;lars&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.powermag.com/understanding-the-april-2025-iberian-peninsula-blackout-early-analysis-and-lessons-learned/|tìtulu=Understanding the April 2025 Iberian Peninsula Blackout: Early Analysis and Lessons Learned|autore=Aaron Larson|editore=Powermag|data=8 maggio 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/international/2025/05/05/822584.htm|tìtulu=Spain Discloses New Power Grid Failure on Day of the Blackout|autore=Rodrigo Orihuela|data=5 maggio 2025|atzessu=5 maggio 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ponende ancora prus pressione in su sistema e aviende una sèrie de isconnessiones a cadena.&lt;ref name=&quot;cb30apr&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-what-we-do-and-do-not-know-about-the-blackout-in-spain-and-portugal/|tìtulu=Q&amp;A: What we do – and do not – know about the blackout in Spain and Portugal|autore=Carbon Brief Staff|data=2025-04-30|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reevid&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/live/ssthvRCXoRg|Red Eléctrica descarta de forma preliminar un incidente de ciberseguridad|tìtulu=DIRECTO APAGÓN|editore=El País|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A inghìriu de is 12:33 s'est in fines averguadu unu calu mannu de su sistema automàticu de compidu de sa produtzione elètrica in Ispànnia&lt;ref name=&quot;ree28&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://demanda.ree.es/visiona/peninsula/demandaau/acumulada/2025-04-28|tìtulu=Estructura de generación y almacenamiento acumulado progresivo|atzessu=30 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, e is datos chi sigint non faghet a ddos fidare, ca fintzas is sistemas de comunicatzione si sunt firmados.&lt;ref name=&quot;reevid&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/live/ssthvRCXoRg|Red Eléctrica descarta de forma preliminar un incidente de ciberseguridad|tìtulu=DIRECTO APAGÓN|editore=El País|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.diariodeibiza.es/economia/2025/04/29/red-electrica-sospecha-desconexion-masiva-116854562.html|tìtulu=Red Eléctrica sospecha de una desconexión masiva de plantas solares antes del apagón total|autore=David Page|data=2025-04-29|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa Retza europea de is gestores de is sistemas de trasmissione de s'energia elètrica (ENTSO-e) e RTVE (sa televisione natzionale) ant a pustis decraradu chi &quot;in su sistema elètricu de sa penìsula ibèrica tzirculaiat unu valore de energia paris a zero&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.entsoe.eu/news/2025/05/01/iberian-black-out-entso-e-congratulates-red-electrica-and-ren-for-the-rapid-recovery-of-the-electricity-systems-of-portugal-and-spain-and-establishes-an-expert-panel-to-investigate-the-incident/|tìtulu=Iberian Black-out: ENTSO-E congratulates Red Electrica and REN for the rapid recovery of the electricity systems of Portugal and Spain, and establishes an Expert Panel to investigate the incident|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.rtve.es/play/audios/english-language-broadcast/english-language-broadcast-when-spain-went-dark-the-blackout-of-april-28th/16561896/|tìtulu=When Spain went dark: the blackout of April 28th|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bakerahead&quot;&gt;{{Tzita publicatzione|data=2025-05-02|tìtulu=The Iberian Peninsula Blackout — Causes, Consequences, and Challenges Ahead|rivista=Commentary|limba=en|url=https://www.bakerinstitute.org/research/iberian-peninsula-blackout-causes-consequences-and-challenges-ahead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Lìnia temporale de is eventos ===

* 12:03 – 12:07 CEST – Agatadu e arrangiadu su primu perìodu de bantzigamentos in sa retza.
* 12:19 – 12:21 CEST – Agatadu e arrangiadu su segundu perìodu de bantzigamentos in sa retza. Dae insandus sa retza pariat istàbile.
* 12:32:57 – 12:33:17 CEST – una sèrie de bantzigamentos de frecuèntzia in su sud de s'Ispànnia, su primu acanta de Granada, su segundu acanta de [[Badajoz]] e su de tres acanta de [[Sevilla|Siviglia]], pròvocant una pèrdida de 2200 [[Watt|MW]] de capatzidade de generatzione. Sa frecuèntzia de currente diminuit e sa tensione creschet.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://elpais.com/espana/2025-05-14/aagesen-ubica-el-inicio-del-apagon-en-las-provincias-de-sevilla-granada-y-badajoz.html|tìtulu=El Gobierno sitúa el inicio del apagón en tres pérdidas sucesivas de generación en Granada, Badajoz y Sevilla|autore=Manuel Planelles, Ignacio Fariza|data=2025-05-14|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 12:33:18 – 12:33:21 CEST – Sa frecuèntzia de retza de sa penìsula ibèrica calat a suta de 48,0 Hz. Est ativada sa disconnessione automàtica de su càrrigu.
* 12:33:21 CEST – Interrùmpidas is lìnias elètricas intre [[Frantza]], [[Portugallu]], [[Andorra]], [[Marocu|Marrocu]] e Ispànnia pro neghe de is isconnessiones.
* 12:33:24 CEST – Is isconnessiones a cadena internas càusant sa falada de sa retza, cun sa distributzione in currente continuada intre Frantza e Ispànnia de su totu isulada.
* 12:44 CEST – Si torrat a ativare sa prima lìnia CA de 400 [[Watt|kV]] Ispànnia-Frantza.
* 13:04 CEST – Si torrat a ativare s'interconnessione Ispànnia-Marocu
* ?? – 13:30 CEST – Si finit de preparare is tzentrales idroelètricas ispagnolas pro s'aviu sena energia elètrica esterna.
* 13:35 CEST – Si torrat a ativare sa lìnia CA intre Ispànnia e Frantza subra de sa costa orientale.
* 16:11 CEST – S'aviat sa prima tzentrale elètrica in Portugallu chi non tenet bisòngiu de energia elètrica esterna.
* 17:26 CEST – S'aviat sa segunda tzentrale elètrica in Portugallu chi non tenet bisòngiu de energia elètrica esterna.
* 18:36 CEST – Si torrat a ativare sa lìnia de 220 kV intre Ispànnia e Portugallu.
* 21:35 CEST – Si torrat a ativare sa lìnia de 400 kV intre s'Ispànnia e su Portugallu meridionale.
* 00:22 CEST – Sa retza in Portugallu est torra ativa de s'in totu.
* 04:00 CEST – Sa retza in Ispànnia est torra ativa de s'in totu.

== Efetos ==

=== Ispànnia ===
[[File:Apagón_2025_Estación_Clara_Campoamor.jpg|thumb|Passigeris abetende in s'istatzione ferroviària de Chamartín in [[Madrid|Madrìd]], durante s'iscurigada.]]
Is efetos de s'iscurigada sunt istados medas, ma isceti in s'[[Ispagna|Ispànnia]] continentale sende chi is [[ìsulas Canàrias]], is [[ìsulas Baleares]], [[Ceuta]] e [[Melilla]] no sunt acapiadas a sa pròpiu retza, comente Gibilterra puru, chi tenet unu sistema elètricu autònomu pròpiu&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/europa/spanien-portugal-stromausfall-100.html|tìtulu=Massiver Stromausfall in Spanien und Portugal|editore=Tagesschau|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20250428-major-power-outage-in-spain-and-portugal-disrupts-transport-communication|tìtulu=Power gradually returns to Spain, Portugal as cause of blackout remains unknown|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Semper cando, is biagiadores in intrada e in essida bia terra in sa zona de [[Gibraltar|Gibilterra]] ant tentu problemas chi si depiant a sa mancàntzia de servìtzios informàticos in sa làcana tra Rennu Unidu e Ispànnia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.gbc.gi/news/developing-gibraltar-unaffected-power-outage-hits-spain-portugal-and-france|tìtulu=DEVELOPING: Gibraltar Unaffected as Power Outage Hits Spain, Portugal and France|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Is efetos de s'iscurigada sunt istados medas, in totu is cuntestos. In su de su trasportu pùblicu, sa cumpangia ferroviària ispagnola RENFE at decraradu chi totu is trenos si sunt firmados&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=Daniel Keane, Matt Watts e Jacob Phillips|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/spain-portugal-power-outage-transport-b1224686.html|tìtulu=State of emergency declared as 'rare atmospheric phenomenon' causes huge power outages in Spain and Portugal|editore=The Standard|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, cun unos 35 000 passigeris riscatados a pustis de èssere abarrados blocados in su mesu de su tretu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|url=https://www.rainews.it/video/2025/04/blackout-in-spagna-diverse-persone-intrappolate-in-treni-e-metro-fermi-beee59d8-1fc0-4673-9eca-dd504eb7fc0c.html|tìtulu=Blackout in Spagna: diverse persone intrappolate in treni e metro fermi|editore=Il Post|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ap2&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://apnews.com/article/spain-portugal-power-outage-electicity-533832bb4ceae92eaa68c23dc0b5db18|tìtulu=Without power, Spain’s trains were immobilized. Three travelers shared their tales|editore=Associated Press (AP)|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fintzas s'aeroportu internatzionale Barajas de [[Madrid]], che is àteros, est abarradu sena lughe&lt;ref name=&quot;euronews&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=A. Brezar|autore2=C. Skopeliti|url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/04/28/spain-portugal-and-parts-of-france-hit-by-massive-power-outage|tìtulu=Spain, Portugal and parts of France hit by massive power outage|editore=Euronews|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, mancari prus tardu siat resèssidu a torrare operativu cun una capatzidade reduida de su 20% gràtzias a interventos de sa cumpangia de gestione Aena.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=Walter Finch|url=https://www.theolivepress.es/spain-news/2025/04/28/power-cut-latest-all-medium-and-long-distance-trains-in-spain-cancelled-for-today-but-air-traffic-operating-normally/|tìtulu=POWER CUT LATEST: ALL MEDIUM AND LONG DISTANCE TRAINS IN SPAIN CANCELLED FOR TODAY BUT AIR TRAFFIC OPERATING ‘NORMALLY’|editore=Olive Press News Spain|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tzitades medas, comente sa capitale matessi, ant ativadu su pranu de apretu PEMA (''Plan Territorial de Emergencia Municipal del Ayuntamiento''), chi previdet sa serrada de su prus de is iscolas, de is [[Universidade|universidades]] e de is fainas cummertziales cando ddu bolerent o resurtaret netzessàriu; s'òrdine de interrutzione immediada de sa faine de lìnias ferroviàrias e metropolitana e s'evacuatzione issoro; s'interrutzione de is fainas de is istitutos bancàrios. Sa politzia est dèvida intervènnere pro dirìgere su tràficu e garantire sa seguridade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita publicatzione|data=2025-04-28|tìtulu=Blackout in Spagna: città paralizzate, le testimonianze di chi ha subito i disagi|limba=it|url=https://www.rainews.it/video/2025/04/blackout-in-spagna-citta-paralizzate-le-testimonianze-di-chi-ha-subito-i-disagi-tg3-de4b224a-bba3-4aec-b911-b95a5cada6c9.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Telecomunicatziones e Internet ====
[[File:Downdetector_28_04_25.png|thumb|Sa falada de is operadores telefònicos ispanniolos, sinnalada in Downdetector.]]
Fintzas is servìtzios de telecomunicatzione e Internet sunt istados corfidos, cun NetBlocks chi at notadu una falada de su tràficu de rete a su 17% de su normale, mentras sunt crèschidas is comunicatziones satellitares, chi non sunt istadas corfidas si non dipendiant dae istatziones de terra pùblicas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://mastodon.social/@netblocks/114415376771310173|tìtulu=Confirmed: Network data show a national scale internet outage in Spain, with nearby countries including Portugal and France also affected; the incident is attributed to a regional power outage impacting multiple countries|editore=Netblocks|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2025/05/10/power-outage-in-spain-and-portugal-a-publicity-boost-for-starlink_6741108_19.html|tìtulu=Power outage in Spain and Portugal: A publicity boost for Starlink|data=2025-05-10|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Sanidade ====
Pro cantu pertocat su sistema sanitàriu, imbetzes, is ispidales ant pòdidu sighire a operare, mancari a capatzidade reduida, gràtzias a s'ativatzione de is generadores de riserva.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2025-04-28/massive-power-outages-cause-blackouts-in-spain-and-portugal.html|tìtulu=Massive power blackout hits Spain and Portugal|autore=Cecilia Castelló Llantada, Álvaro Sánchez|data=2025-04-28|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Tzentrales elètricas ====
De custu puntu de annotu, is autoridades ispanniolas ant referidu chi is tzentrales nucleares de su paisu si fiant giai iscollegadas in automàticu dae sa rete pro neghe de sa pèrdida de energia elètrica–&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|autore=Natasha Caragnano|url=https://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2025/04/28/diretta/black_out_in_tutta_la_spagna-_le_news_evacuata_la_metropolitana_di_madrid-424153463/|tìtulu=Blackout Spagna, le news. Ripristinata corrente in diverse zone. Sanchez: “Nessuna ipotesi esclusa”|editore=La Repubblica|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;  cun bator reatores chi, in su momentu de s'intzidente, fiant generende energia (3,3 GW), mentras àteros tres chi fiant in mantenimentu programmadu giai prevìdidu, sende chi in beranu is energias rennoaditzas frunint su bonu de su bisòngiu&lt;ref name=&quot;gual&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.energyconnects.com/news/gas-lng/2025/may/spain-boosts-costlier-gas-power-to-secure-grid-after-blackout/|tìtulu=Spain Boosts Costlier Gas Power to Secure Grid After Blackout|editore=Bloomberg}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/spains-nuclear-lobby-urges-review-phase-out-plan-following-blackout-2025-05-06/|tìtulu=Spain's nuclear lobby urges review of phase-out plan following blackout}}&lt;/ref&gt;. In cada manera, is generadores de riserva e is sistemas de istudada de emergèntzia ant frunidu in manera autònoma s'energia netzessària a s'isfritamentu, pro mantènnere is sete reatores in seguresa&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.ilmessaggero.it/mondo/blackout_spagna_centrali_nucleari_spente_reattori_generatori_diesel_cosa_succede-8804543.html|tìtulu=Blackout Spagna, si fermano le centrali nucleari: reattori funzionanti grazie a generatori diesel di emergenza|data=2025-04-28|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;, mentras si preparaiant unos cantos reatores pro torrare a funtzionare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/spains-nuclear-reactors-prepare-reconnection-grid-nuclear-safety-council-says-2025-04-28/|tìtulu=Spain's nuclear reactors prepare for reconnection to grid, nuclear safety council says|editore=Reuters|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Sotziedade ====
[[File:Compras_de_pánico_en_Cartagena_(20250428_205531).jpg|thumb|Parastàgios bòidos in su repartu fruta de su Mercadona La Vaguada in [[Cartagena (Ispagna)|Cartagena]], pro neghe de is comporòngios compulsivos causados dae s'interrutzione.]]
In sa sotziedade, confusione e timoria si sunt ispainados, manifestende·si a s'ispissu in comporòngios compulsivos, mentras in su matessi tempus, in unos cantos caminos e terratzas s'atmosfera est abarrada sulena.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|url=https://www.rainews.it/video/2025/04/blackout-in-spagna-a-madrid-supermercati-presi-dassalto-fab81316-a1be-4845-bf0b-ef3f8a70ce14.html|tìtulu=Blackout in Spagna, a Madrid supermercati presi d’assalto|editore=Rai News|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|url=https://www.ilpost.it/2025/04/29/storie-blackout-spagna-portogallo/|tìtulu=Le scene di altri tempi in Spagna e Portogallo durante il blackout|editore=Il Post|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=es|autore=Enrique Recio|url=https://theobjective.com/espana/2025-04-29/caos-histeria-nueve-horas-apagon-madrid/|tìtulu=El caos y la histeria tras nueve horas de apagón en Madrid: «¿Papá, qué cenamos esta noche?»|editore=The Objective}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Istitutziones pùblicas ====
[[File:Consejo_de_Seguridad_Nacional_por_el_apagón_presidido_por_el_Rey_(5).jpg|thumb|Su Cussìgiu de seguridade natzionale presididu dae su Re de Ispànnia e dae su Presidente de su Guvernu, 29 abrile 2025.]]
Mancari totu, is istitutziones pùblicas ant pòdidu sighire is fainas normales issoro, cun s'agenda de su Re Tilipu VI abarrada sena càmbios gràtzias a sa presèntzia de impiantos de generatzione autònoma de in su Palatzu de sa Zarzuela&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.semana.es/familia-real-espanola/comunicado-urgente-casa-real-tras-apagon-electrico-masivo-que-ha-pillado-rey-felipe-plena-reunion-zarzuela_2797861|tìtulu=El apagón eléctrico masivo afecta al rey Felipe en plena reunión en el Palacio de la Zarzuela|autore=Irene Toribio|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Pro contras, su Cungressu de sos Deputados, sa Bussa de Madrid, su Palatzu de sa Moncloa, is sedes de is ministèrios e, intre òrganos medas, su Parlamentu de sa Catalùnnia, sunt imbetzes abarrados sena energia e ant dèvidu abetare s'intrada in funtzione de is generadores internos&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.lasexta.com/noticias/nacional/congreso-bolsa-parlament-asi-esta-afectando-gran-apagon-instituciones_20250428680f66eb5d71dc778a92c9c6.html|tìtulu=El Congreso, la Bolsa, el Parlament... Así está afectando el gran apagón a las instituciones|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, mentras su Senadu at suspèndidu sa faina parlamentare sua pro su 29 de abrile&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-senado-suspende-actividad-parlamentaria-manana-20250428223034.html|tìtulu=El Senado suspende su actividad parlamentaria de mañana|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Unas cantas istitutziones, in fines, comente su Ministèriu de sa Difesa e su quartier generale de sa Marina, ant sighidu a tènnere interrutziones de erogatzione de energia elètrica fintzas a pustis de su 29 abrile, mancari sa torrada generale de sa frunidura.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=es|autore=Rodrigo Isasi Arce|url=https://theobjective.com/espana/2025-04-29/ministerio-defensa-cortes-luz/|tìtulu=El Ministerio de Defensa sufre cortes de luz un día después del apagón|data=29 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In custu cuntestu, su Presidente de su Guvernu de Ispagna, Pedro Sánchez, at cunvocadu a sa lestra una sèrie de reuniones de su Cussìgiu de seguridade natzionale, pro istudiare sa situatzione, e deliberadu s'istadu de apretu e pro assinniare a su Guvernu sas cumpetèntzias in matèria de politzia e protetzione tzivile pro oto [[Comunidades autònomas de s'Ispagna|comunidades autònomas]] chi li dd'aiant domandadu.&lt;ref name=&quot;ap&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=Renata Brito, Barry Hatton e Joseph Wilson|url=https://apnews.com/article/spain-portugal-power-outage-electricity-b0c5fbca49b8422248c4f933e20303b3|tìtulu=Massive power outage in Spain and Portugal leaves thousands stranded and millions without light|editore=Associated Press (AP)|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=es|autore=J.J. Gálvez|url=https://elpais.com/espana/2025-04-28/sanchez-declara-la-emergencia-nacional-en-las-tres-comunidades-que-lo-han-solicitado.html|tìtulu=El Gobierno declara la emergencia nacional por el apagón en las ocho comunidades que lo han pedido|editore=El País|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Traballu ====
S'organizatzione de sos datores de traballu “CEOE” (''Confederación Española de Organizaciones Empresariales'') at istimadu chi s'interrutzione de currente apat causadu pèrdidas econòmicas paris a 1,6 milliardos de [[Èuru|èuros]], pari a su 0,1% de su [[Produtu Internu Brutu|Produtu internu brutu]] natzionale.&lt;ref name=&quot;how&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=es|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/economia/20250429/10627754/apagon-luz-electricidad-empresas-industria-tiendas.html|tìtulu=La CEOE calcula que el apagón supondrá una pérdida de 1.600 millones, el 0,1% del PIB|editore=La Vanguardia|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Fertos e mortos ====
A su mancu oto persones sunt mortas pro neghe de s'iscurigada in Ispagna, prus che totu pro abbenenamentu dae monòssidu de carbòniu, forsis causadu dae unu generadore elètricu difetosu in un'abitatzione in Taboadela, e unu fogu in unu palatzu in [[Madrid]], chi at interessadu unas àteras 13 persones.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=es|url=https://www.telecinco.es/noticias/sociedad/20250430/investigan-muertes-relacionadas-apagon-ultima-paciente-ela_18_015447576.html|tìtulu=Se investigan ocho posibles muertes relacionadas con el apagón, la última es una persona con ELA que precisaba de un sistema de ventilación mecánica|editore=Telecinco|data=30 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pro cantu pertocat is feridos imbetzes, su nùmeru istimadu est de a su mancu 25 persones pro motivos diferentes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=es|url=https://xcatalunya.cat/es/sucesos/drama-tras-apagon-suben-25-las-personas-heridas-catalunya|tìtulu=Drama tras el apagón: Suben a 25 las personas heridas en Catalunya|editore=XCatalunya|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Portugallu ===
In [[Portugallu]], che in Ispànnia etotu, s'iscurigada at blocadu su bonu de is servìtzios de base, comente butegas, supermercados&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Carla B. Ribeiro|url=https://www.publico.pt/2025/04/29/impar/noticia/apagao-ha-supermercados-abertos-prateleiras-vazias-2131329|tìtulu=Depois do apagão, há supermercados abertos de prateleiras vazias|editore=Público|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, potecarias&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Lusa|url=https://sicnoticias.pt/pais/2025-04-28-apagao-farmacias-enfrentam-serios-constrangimentos-e-vacinas-estao-em-risco-e1523e1c|tìtulu=Apagão: farmácias enfrentam &quot;sérios constrangimentos&quot; e vacinas estão em risco|editore=SIC Noticias|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; e sistemas de pagamentu eletrònicu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruno-2025&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Cátia Bruno|url=https://observador.pt/especiais/caos-no-transito-comunicacoes-cortadas-e-corridas-as-lojas-o-longo-dia-em-que-um-apagao-paralisou-o-pais|tìtulu=Caos no trânsito, comunicações cortadas e corridas às lojas. O longo dia em que um apagão paralisou o país|editore=Observador|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Is regiones insulares de [[Madeira|Madera]] e de is [[Azorras|Azzorras]], sende chi sa retza issoro non dipendet dae sa continentale, non sunt istadas interessadas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|url=https://www.jm-madeira.pt/regiao/em-portugal-ha-apenas-energia-eletrica-na-madeira-e-nos-acores-NL18025383|tìtulu=Em Portugal há apenas energia elétrica na Madeira e nos Açores|editore=JM Madeira|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Trasportos ====
[[File:Autocarro_desvia_de_elétrico_parado_em_Calvário,_Lisboa.jpg|alt=An eletric bus and tram in Lisbon are stopped in traffic and blocking the street while other cars attempt to pass around them.|thumb|In [[Lisbona]] is trasportos pùblicos alimentados a energia elètrica si sunt firmados in su tràficu e sunt abarrados firmos in s'ìnteri de s'iscurigada.]]
In prus de s'interrutzione a sos semàforos e a sas infrastruturas istradales, chi ant causadu intzidentes, e de un'impreu de prus agentes de politzia pro gestire is problemas de tràficu, is servìtzios ferroviàrios suburbanos e de trasportu lestru (comente sa Metropolitana de Lisbona e sa rete sua tranviària) sunt istados interrùmpidos e is trenos sunt istados evacuados. Nointames, su trasportu ferroviàriu in sese no at tentu problemas mannos, ca cudda die is traballadores de sa Comboios de Portugal fiant in isciòperu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruno-2025&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Cátia Bruno|url=https://observador.pt/especiais/caos-no-transito-comunicacoes-cortadas-e-corridas-as-lojas-o-longo-dia-em-que-um-apagao-paralisou-o-pais|tìtulu=Caos no trânsito, comunicações cortadas e corridas às lojas. O longo dia em que um apagão paralisou o país|editore=Observador|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Daivd Pereira|url=https://www.dn.pt/sociedade/descarrilamento-de-metro-linha-verde-interrompida-amarela-ja-reabriu|tìtulu=Descarrilamento de metro. Linha verde interrompida, amarela já reabriu|editore=Diário da Notícias|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Daniel Costa Texeira|url=https://cnnportugal.iol.pt/apagao/apagao-eletrico/ja-ha-metro-no-porto-mas-nao-em-lisboa-barcos-no-tejo-avioes-a-circular-e-governo-quer-escolas-abertas-o-dia-a-seguir-ao-apagao/20250429/68106ec7d34e3f0bae9d7acd|tìtulu=Já há metro no Porto e em Lisboa, barcos no Tejo, aviões a circular e Governo quer escolas abertas. O dia a seguir ao apagão|editore=CNN Portugal|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/economia/greve-de-trabalhadores-da-cp-paralisa-a-circulacao-de-comboios_n1650788|tìtulu=Greve de trabalhadores da CP paralisa a circulação de comboios|editore=RTP Notícias|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Is postales elètricos, is naes, is bitzicletas cumpartzidas (sende chi ddi faghent bisòngiu infrastruturas elètricas) e àteros mèdios non sunt resèssidos a essire dae is istatziones issoro e sunt istados duncas suspèndidos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Mário Rui André|url=https://lisboaparapessoas.pt/2025/04/29/apagao-mobilidade-electrica/|tìtulu=O apagão e a dependência eléctrica da mobilidade urbana|editore=Lisboa Para Pessoas (#LPP)|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

S'aeroportu de Lisbona at imbetzes sighidu a traballare, mancari cun fortes limitatziones, e est istadu serradu a inghìriu de is 13:00 locales pro is bòlidos in arribu e suspèndidu pro is partèntzias, chi sunt istadas autorizadas torra a is 21:38 locales. Intertantu, is aeroportos de Porto e de Faro ant impreau is generadores elètricos issoro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|url=https://www.rainews.it/articoli/2025/05/blackout-disagi-allaeroporto-di-lisbona-valigie-accatastate-ambasciata-aiuta-turisti-italiani-6920ca5e-d846-4a2b-b106-8197ab6369f9.html|tìtulu=Blackout, disagi all'aeroporto di Lisbona: “Valigie accatastate”. Ambasciata aiuta turisti italiani|editore=Rai News|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|url=https://sicnoticias.pt/pais/2025-04-28-apagao-geral-afeta-portugal-e-outros-paises-da-europa-6a37283a|tìtulu=Apagão em Portugal e Espanha foi o &quot;mais severo&quot; dos últimos 20 anos na Europa|editore=SIC Noticias|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Telecomunicatziones e Internet ====
Fintzas is retzas mòbiles ant tentu limitatziones medas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Luís Vidigal|url=https://www.dn.pt/opiniao/quando-a-energia-falha-a-comunica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-n%C3%A3o-pode-falhar|tìtulu=Quando a energia falha, a comunicação não pode falhar|editore=Diário da Notícias|data=30 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Sanidade ====
Is ispidales ant fatu impreadu is generadores issoro pro pòdere sighire a funtzionare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=Gabriela Galvin|url=https://www.euronews.com/health/2025/04/29/amid-major-outage-health-workers-in-spain-and-portugal-adapted-to-provide-urgent-care-with|tìtulu=Amid major outage, health workers in Spain and Portugal adapted to provide urgent care without power|editore=euronews|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Sotziedade ====
In s'ìnteri de s'iscurigada, che in Ispànnia, is persones sunt andadas currende a fàghere iscorta de benes essentziales comente màndigu, abba, baterias, dispositivos de illuminatzione e ràdiu&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruno-2025&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Cátia Bruno|url=https://observador.pt/especiais/caos-no-transito-comunicacoes-cortadas-e-corridas-as-lojas-o-longo-dia-em-que-um-apagao-paralisou-o-pais|tìtulu=Caos no trânsito, comunicações cortadas e corridas às lojas. O longo dia em que um apagão paralisou o país|editore=Observador|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sa sotziedade ìdrica istatale ''Águas de Portugal'' at pedidu a is consumadores de moderare su consumu de abba pro prevènnere guastos a su sistema durante s'interrutzione de currente.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|url=https://www.dn.pt/sociedade/apag%C3%A3o-grupo-%C3%A1guas-de-portugal-apela-ao-consumo-muito-moderado-de-%C3%A1gua|tìtulu=Apagão: Grupo Águas de Portugal apela ao consumo muito moderado de água|editore=Diário de Notícias|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Istitutziones pùblicas ====
Su Guvernu ghiadu dae su Primu ministru Luís Montenegro at tentu una reunione de apretu de su Cussìgiu de is ministros pro arrsonare de sa situatzione, tenende·si fintzas in cuntatu cun su Presidente de sa Repùblica Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa&lt;ref name=&quot;ap&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=Renata Brito, Barry Hatton e Joseph Wilson|url=https://apnews.com/article/spain-portugal-power-outage-electricity-b0c5fbca49b8422248c4f933e20303b3|tìtulu=Massive power outage in Spain and Portugal leaves thousands stranded and millions without light|editore=Associated Press (AP)|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. A s'agabbu de s'addòbiu, su capu de su guvernu at declaradu s'istadu de crisi energètica pedende a s'Unione Europea de aviare un'inchesta a subra de is impiantos elètricos interessados e imponende su mantenimentu de sa disponibilidade de sa capatzidade de aviu sena currente de sa tzentrale idroelètrica de ''Tapada do Outeiro'' a su mancu finas a su 2030 e de bòlere ammanniare custa capatzidade a su mancu a duas àteras localidades, sa diga de ''Alqueva'' e de ''Baixo Sabor'', de manera chi su recùperu de un'iscurigada totale siat prus lestru.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Ana Bela Ferreira|url=https://www.sabado.pt/portugal/detalhe/luis-montenegro-o-sistema-esta-a-funcionar-com-a-producao-nacional|tìtulu=Governo vai pedir à UE uma &quot;auditoria aos sistemas elétricos afetados para uma resposta cabal sobre a origem&quot; do apagão|editore=Sábado|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|url=https://observador.pt/2025/04/29/apagao-governo-quer-centrais-do-baixo-sabor-e-alqueva-com-arranque-autonomo/|tìtulu=Apagão. Governo quer centrais do Baixo Sabor e Alqueva com arranque autónomo|editore=Observador|data=30 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Mortos ====
Est istadu comunicadu chi a su mancu una persone est morta pro neghe de s'iscurigada: sa vìtima, de 77 annos, fiat collegada in manera permanente a unu ventiladore mecànicu in s'abitatzione cando s'aparatu s'est firmadu non ddoe est istada sa possibilidade de intervènnere in presse.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Fernanda de Oliveira Ribeiro e Ricardo Tenreiro|url=https://sicnoticias.pt/pais/2025-05-02-video-o-que-se-sabe-ate-ao-momento-sobre-morte-de-doente-ventilada-durante-o-apagao-2d2bf1f0|tìtulu=O que se sabe até ao momento sobre morte de doente ventilada durante o apagão|editore=SIC Noticias|data=2 maggio 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Càusas possìbiles ==
S'iscurigada si depet a duas flutuatziones in sa retza elètrica (chi in cunditziones normales sunt fenòmenos fitianos, chi si podent manigiare). Sa segunda at causadu sa disconnessione a cadena de su sistema elètricu ibèricu dae s'europeu, giughende a su collassu de sa retza intrea.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|url=https://www.ilpost.it/2025/04/29/blackout-capacita-reti-elettriche/|tìtulu=Le reti elettriche vivono pericolosamente|editore=Il Post|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lars&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.powermag.com/understanding-the-april-2025-iberian-peninsula-blackout-early-analysis-and-lessons-learned/|tìtulu=Understanding the April 2025 Iberian Peninsula Blackout: Early Analysis and Lessons Learned|autore=Aaron Larson|editore=Powermag|data=8 maggio 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;entsoe-20250509&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.entsoe.eu/news/2025/05/09/entso-e-expert-panel-initiates-the-investigation-into-the-causes-of-iberian-blackout/|tìtulu=ENTSO-E expert panel initiates the investigation into the causes of Iberian blackout|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/huge-blackouts-cripple-power-supply-in-spain-and-portugal/|tìtulu=Stay home, Spanish PM urges citizens as Iberian power outage continues|data=2025-04-28|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/29/europe/what-caused-spain-portugal-blackout-explainer-intl|tìtulu=Power is back on in Spain and Portugal, but questions remain about Monday’s blackout. Here’s what we know|autore=Robert Picheta|data=2025-04-29|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Disinformatzione ==
A pustis de s'eventu sunt tzirculadas teorias farsas a subra de s'orìgine de s'interrutzione. Messàgios ispainados in lìnia (a is 12:56, 23 minutos a pustis de s'iscurigada) naraiant chi sa càusa esseret un'atacu informàticu russu, atribuende sa noa a sa Presidente de sa Cummissione Europea [[Ursula von der Leyen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-2025&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/04/29/iberian-peninsula-blackout-sparks-spread-of-false-theories-online|tìtulu=Iberian Peninsula blackout sparks spread of false theories online|publicatzione=euronews}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mald&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://maldita.es/malditobulo/20250507/blackout-foreign-disinformation/|tìtulu=Disinformation about the blackout went around the world: impersonated media, rare atmospheric phenomenom and Russian networks·Maldita.es - Periodismo para que no te la cuelen|data=2025-05-07|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sa matessi noa est istada atribuida fintzas a sa sotziedade elètrica portoghesa EDP Group.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruno-2025&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Cátia Bruno|url=https://observador.pt/especiais/caos-no-transito-comunicacoes-cortadas-e-corridas-as-lojas-o-longo-dia-em-que-um-apagao-paralisou-o-pais|tìtulu=Caos no trânsito, comunicações cortadas e corridas às lojas. O longo dia em que um apagão paralisou o país|editore=Observador|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Unos cantos òrganos de imprenta, comente sa CNN e Reuters, ant referidu chi sa Red Eléctrica de España at ghetadu sa neghe de s'acuntessimentu a unu &quot;eventu atmosfèricu raru&quot; naradu &quot;vibratzione atmosfèrica induida&quot;, chi diat àere causadu &quot;errores de sincronizatzione intre sos sistemas elètricos&quot;, ma sa cosa est istada negada in presse dae sa pròpiu cumpangia. Fintzas s'ipòtesi de un'erutzione solare at retzidu 1,9 milliones de visualizatziones, ma est istada denegada dae su Space Weather Prediction Center&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://www.reuters.com/fact-check/spain-still-investigating-cause-blackout-solar-flare-not-blamed-2025-05-06/|tìtulu=Fact Check: Spain still investigating cause of blackout, but solar flare not blamed|publicatzione=Reuters|data=2025-05-06|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sunt istadas in fines ispainadas fintzas foto satellitares farsas chi ammustraiant una penìsula in s'iscuru a de note, cando in realidade in sa penìsula ibèrica fiat giai istadu ripristinadu su servìtziu de distributzione de s'energia elètrica.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|url=https://www.rainews.it/articoli/2025/04/cose-la-vibrazione-atmosferica-indotta-potrebbe-aver-causato-il-blackout-in-spagna-e-portogallo-24ea5f81-35e0-472c-ab19-2338cdea806b.html|tìtulu=Cos'è la vibrazione atmosferica indotta? Potrebbe aver causato il blackout in Spagna e Portogallo|editore=Rai News|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-2025&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/04/29/iberian-peninsula-blackout-sparks-spread-of-false-theories-online}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.publico.pt/2025/04/28/economia/noticia/apagao-cuidado-quatro-fake-news-estao-circular-2131204|tìtulu=Apagão: cuidado com estas quatro fake news que estão a circular|autore=Sónia Sapage|data=2025-04-28|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mald&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://maldita.es/malditobulo/20250507/blackout-foreign-disinformation/|tìtulu=Disinformation about the blackout went around the world: impersonated media, rare atmospheric phenomenom and Russian networks·Maldita.es - Periodismo para que no te la cuelen|data=2025-05-07|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Riferimentos ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Categoria:Ispagna]]</text>
      <sha1>nw4hpe1s4kb6cjnwtezspymksqgwbey</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>190351</id>
      <parentid>190350</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-15T10:39:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PNNu</username>
        <id>12712</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Arrangiau riferimentu</comment>
      <origin>190351</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39361" sha1="b5vp7c35i5kuvvknsz9vzt3l1507ckz" xml:space="preserve">[[File:El centro urbano de Vigo a oscuras- Rosalía de Castro sin alumbrado público.jpg|thumb|Su tzentru urbanu de Vigo in s'iscuru, pro neghe de sa farta de energia]]
S''''iscurigada in sa Penìsula ibèrica de su 2025''' est istada un'acuntèssida de su 28 abrile 2025, a is 12:33 locales, chi at causadu un'interrutzione de frunidura de energia elètrica in [[Ispagna|Ispànnia]] e [[Portugallu]] durada unas deghe oras in su prus de su territòriu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|autore=D. Ranieri|url=https://www.ilpost.it/2025/04/28/blackout-spagna-portogallo/|tìtulu=L’enorme blackout in Spagna e Portogallo|editore=Il Post|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Custa interrutzione repente de frunidura elètrica at causadu dificultades mannas in is [[Telecomunicatzione|telecomunicatziones]], in sistemas de trasportu (siat in terra siat suterràneos) e in setores essentziales comente a sa gestione de is apretos, cun unos cantos mortos e vàrios fertos pro neghe de s'assistèntzia mancada. A emergèntzia finida, s'est carculadu chi su càrrigu isconnètidu siat istadu de unos 30 GW, comente summa de su càrrigu de Ispànnia (25 GW) e Portugallu (5,7 GW).

In prus de is duos paisos de sa [[Penìsula Ibèrica|penìsula ibèrica]], si sunt sinnaladas interrutziones de su servìtziu elètricu de pagos segundos o minudos in is regiones bighinas de [[Andorra]], in su nord de su [[Marocu|Marrocu]] e in unas cantas partes de sa [[Le Midi|Frantza sud-otzidentale]]&lt;ref name=&quot;euronews&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=A. Brezar|autore2=C. Skopeliti|url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/04/28/spain-portugal-and-parts-of-france-hit-by-massive-power-outage|tìtulu=Spain, Portugal and parts of France hit by massive power outage|editore=Euronews|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, chi, sende istadas luego isconnètidas, ant pòdidu evitare problemas acapiende·si torra a sa retza interconnètida de s'Unione Europea o subra de su sistema pròpiu.

== Cuntestu e cronologia de is eventos ==
Segundu is datos de s'operadore elètricu ispagnolu Red Eléctrica de España (REE)&lt;ref name=&quot;ree28&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://demanda.ree.es/visiona/peninsula/demandaau/acumulada/2025-04-28|tìtulu=Estructura de generación y almacenamiento acumulado progresivo|atzessu=30 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, finas a su momentu de s'interrutzione tzirculaiat bastante energia in rete pro gestire sa pedida de fundu e is picos normales, sende chi ddoe fiant 32 [[Watt|gigawatt]] (GW) de potèntzia a disponimentu, cun 25 GW pedidos a livellu natzionale,e 4,25 GW esportados (2,6 GW in [[Portugallu]], 0,87 GW in [[Frantza]] e 0,78 GW in [[Marocu|Marrocu]]) e 3 GW netzessàrios pro pompare s'abba&lt;ref name=&quot;lars&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.powermag.com/understanding-the-april-2025-iberian-peninsula-blackout-early-analysis-and-lessons-learned/|tìtulu=Understanding the April 2025 Iberian Peninsula Blackout: Early Analysis and Lessons Learned|autore=Aaron Larson|editore=Powermag|data=8 maggio 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Pro cantu pertocat is fontes de energia, in su momentu de s'iscurigada, metade de s'energia elètrica beniat dae s'energia solare.
[[File:Mapa_de_Red_Eléctrica_Española_2016.jpg|thumb|Mapa de sa retza elètrica de s'Ispànnia.]]
In tale cuntestu, su bonu de su calu de potèntzia elètrica est acontèssidu in chimbe segundos, cando una suta-istatzione de Granada s'est firmada, e sunt sighids guastos in [[Badajoz]] e [[Sevilla|Siviglia]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.power-technology.com/news/spain-blackout-granada-probe/?cf-view|tìtulu=Granada substation caused power loss leading to Spain and Portugal blackout|editore=Power Technology|data=15 maggio 2025|atzessu=15 maggio 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, chi ant causadu s'isconnessione automàtica de seguridade de su collegamentu cun sa [[Frantza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;lars&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.powermag.com/understanding-the-april-2025-iberian-peninsula-blackout-early-analysis-and-lessons-learned/|tìtulu=Understanding the April 2025 Iberian Peninsula Blackout: Early Analysis and Lessons Learned|autore=Aaron Larson|editore=Powermag|data=8 maggio 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.insurancejournal.com/news/international/2025/05/05/822584.htm|tìtulu=Spain Discloses New Power Grid Failure on Day of the Blackout|autore=Rodrigo Orihuela|data=5 maggio 2025|atzessu=5 maggio 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ponende ancora prus pressione in su sistema e aviende una sèrie de isconnessiones a cadena.&lt;ref name=&quot;cb30apr&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-what-we-do-and-do-not-know-about-the-blackout-in-spain-and-portugal/|tìtulu=Q&amp;A: What we do – and do not – know about the blackout in Spain and Portugal|autore=Carbon Brief Staff|data=2025-04-30|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reevid&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/live/ssthvRCXoRg|Red Eléctrica descarta de forma preliminar un incidente de ciberseguridad|tìtulu=DIRECTO APAGÓN|editore=El País|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A inghìriu de is 12:33 s'est in fines averguadu unu calu mannu de su sistema automàticu de compidu de sa produtzione elètrica in Ispànnia&lt;ref name=&quot;ree28&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://demanda.ree.es/visiona/peninsula/demandaau/acumulada/2025-04-28|tìtulu=Estructura de generación y almacenamiento acumulado progresivo|atzessu=30 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, e is datos chi sigint non faghet a ddos fidare, ca fintzas is sistemas de comunicatzione si sunt firmados.&lt;ref name=&quot;reevid&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.youtube.com/live/ssthvRCXoRg|Red Eléctrica descarta de forma preliminar un incidente de ciberseguridad|tìtulu=DIRECTO APAGÓN|editore=El País|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.diariodeibiza.es/economia/2025/04/29/red-electrica-sospecha-desconexion-masiva-116854562.html|tìtulu=Red Eléctrica sospecha de una desconexión masiva de plantas solares antes del apagón total|autore=David Page|data=2025-04-29|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa Retza europea de is gestores de is sistemas de trasmissione de s'energia elètrica (ENTSO-e) e RTVE (sa televisione natzionale) ant a pustis decraradu chi &quot;in su sistema elètricu de sa penìsula ibèrica tzirculaiat unu valore de energia paris a zero&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.entsoe.eu/news/2025/05/01/iberian-black-out-entso-e-congratulates-red-electrica-and-ren-for-the-rapid-recovery-of-the-electricity-systems-of-portugal-and-spain-and-establishes-an-expert-panel-to-investigate-the-incident/|tìtulu=Iberian Black-out: ENTSO-E congratulates Red Electrica and REN for the rapid recovery of the electricity systems of Portugal and Spain, and establishes an Expert Panel to investigate the incident|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.rtve.es/play/audios/english-language-broadcast/english-language-broadcast-when-spain-went-dark-the-blackout-of-april-28th/16561896/|tìtulu=When Spain went dark: the blackout of April 28th|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bakerahead&quot;&gt;{{Tzita publicatzione|data=2025-05-02|tìtulu=The Iberian Peninsula Blackout — Causes, Consequences, and Challenges Ahead|rivista=Commentary|limba=en|url=https://www.bakerinstitute.org/research/iberian-peninsula-blackout-causes-consequences-and-challenges-ahead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Lìnia temporale de is eventos ===

* 12:03 – 12:07 CEST – Agatadu e arrangiadu su primu perìodu de bantzigamentos in sa retza.
* 12:19 – 12:21 CEST – Agatadu e arrangiadu su segundu perìodu de bantzigamentos in sa retza. Dae insandus sa retza pariat istàbile.
* 12:32:57 – 12:33:17 CEST – una sèrie de bantzigamentos de frecuèntzia in su sud de s'Ispànnia, su primu acanta de Granada, su segundu acanta de [[Badajoz]] e su de tres acanta de [[Sevilla|Siviglia]], pròvocant una pèrdida de 2200 [[Watt|MW]] de capatzidade de generatzione. Sa frecuèntzia de currente diminuit e sa tensione creschet.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://elpais.com/espana/2025-05-14/aagesen-ubica-el-inicio-del-apagon-en-las-provincias-de-sevilla-granada-y-badajoz.html|tìtulu=El Gobierno sitúa el inicio del apagón en tres pérdidas sucesivas de generación en Granada, Badajoz y Sevilla|autore=Manuel Planelles, Ignacio Fariza|data=2025-05-14|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 12:33:18 – 12:33:21 CEST – Sa frecuèntzia de retza de sa penìsula ibèrica calat a suta de 48,0 Hz. Est ativada sa disconnessione automàtica de su càrrigu.
* 12:33:21 CEST – Interrùmpidas is lìnias elètricas intre [[Frantza]], [[Portugallu]], [[Andorra]], [[Marocu|Marrocu]] e Ispànnia pro neghe de is isconnessiones.
* 12:33:24 CEST – Is isconnessiones a cadena internas càusant sa falada de sa retza, cun sa distributzione in currente continuada intre Frantza e Ispànnia de su totu isulada.
* 12:44 CEST – Si torrat a ativare sa prima lìnia CA de 400 [[Watt|kV]] Ispànnia-Frantza.
* 13:04 CEST – Si torrat a ativare s'interconnessione Ispànnia-Marocu
* ?? – 13:30 CEST – Si finit de preparare is tzentrales idroelètricas ispagnolas pro s'aviu sena energia elètrica esterna.
* 13:35 CEST – Si torrat a ativare sa lìnia CA intre Ispànnia e Frantza subra de sa costa orientale.
* 16:11 CEST – S'aviat sa prima tzentrale elètrica in Portugallu chi non tenet bisòngiu de energia elètrica esterna.
* 17:26 CEST – S'aviat sa segunda tzentrale elètrica in Portugallu chi non tenet bisòngiu de energia elètrica esterna.
* 18:36 CEST – Si torrat a ativare sa lìnia de 220 kV intre Ispànnia e Portugallu.
* 21:35 CEST – Si torrat a ativare sa lìnia de 400 kV intre s'Ispànnia e su Portugallu meridionale.
* 00:22 CEST – Sa retza in Portugallu est torra ativa de s'in totu.
* 04:00 CEST – Sa retza in Ispànnia est torra ativa de s'in totu.

== Efetos ==

=== Ispànnia ===
[[File:Apagón_2025_Estación_Clara_Campoamor.jpg|thumb|Passigeris abetende in s'istatzione ferroviària de Chamartín in [[Madrid|Madrìd]], durante s'iscurigada.]]
Is efetos de s'iscurigada sunt istados medas, ma isceti in s'[[Ispagna|Ispànnia]] continentale sende chi is [[ìsulas Canàrias]], is [[ìsulas Baleares]], [[Ceuta]] e [[Melilla]] no sunt acapiadas a sa pròpiu retza, comente Gibilterra puru, chi tenet unu sistema elètricu autònomu pròpiu&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/europa/spanien-portugal-stromausfall-100.html|tìtulu=Massiver Stromausfall in Spanien und Portugal|editore=Tagesschau|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20250428-major-power-outage-in-spain-and-portugal-disrupts-transport-communication|tìtulu=Power gradually returns to Spain, Portugal as cause of blackout remains unknown|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Semper cando, is biagiadores in intrada e in essida bia terra in sa zona de [[Gibraltar|Gibilterra]] ant tentu problemas chi si depiant a sa mancàntzia de servìtzios informàticos in sa làcana tra Rennu Unidu e Ispànnia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.gbc.gi/news/developing-gibraltar-unaffected-power-outage-hits-spain-portugal-and-france|tìtulu=DEVELOPING: Gibraltar Unaffected as Power Outage Hits Spain, Portugal and France|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Is efetos de s'iscurigada sunt istados medas, in totu is cuntestos. In su de su trasportu pùblicu, sa cumpangia ferroviària ispagnola RENFE at decraradu chi totu is trenos si sunt firmados&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=Daniel Keane, Matt Watts e Jacob Phillips|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/spain-portugal-power-outage-transport-b1224686.html|tìtulu=State of emergency declared as 'rare atmospheric phenomenon' causes huge power outages in Spain and Portugal|editore=The Standard|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, cun unos 35 000 passigeris riscatados a pustis de èssere abarrados blocados in su mesu de su tretu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|url=https://www.rainews.it/video/2025/04/blackout-in-spagna-diverse-persone-intrappolate-in-treni-e-metro-fermi-beee59d8-1fc0-4673-9eca-dd504eb7fc0c.html|tìtulu=Blackout in Spagna: diverse persone intrappolate in treni e metro fermi|editore=Il Post|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ap2&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://apnews.com/article/spain-portugal-power-outage-electicity-533832bb4ceae92eaa68c23dc0b5db18|tìtulu=Without power, Spain’s trains were immobilized. Three travelers shared their tales|editore=Associated Press (AP)|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Fintzas s'aeroportu internatzionale Barajas de [[Madrid]], che is àteros, est abarradu sena lughe&lt;ref name=&quot;euronews&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=A. Brezar|autore2=C. Skopeliti|url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/04/28/spain-portugal-and-parts-of-france-hit-by-massive-power-outage|tìtulu=Spain, Portugal and parts of France hit by massive power outage|editore=Euronews|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, mancari prus tardu siat resèssidu a torrare operativu cun una capatzidade reduida de su 20% gràtzias a interventos de sa cumpangia de gestione Aena.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=Walter Finch|url=https://www.theolivepress.es/spain-news/2025/04/28/power-cut-latest-all-medium-and-long-distance-trains-in-spain-cancelled-for-today-but-air-traffic-operating-normally/|tìtulu=POWER CUT LATEST: ALL MEDIUM AND LONG DISTANCE TRAINS IN SPAIN CANCELLED FOR TODAY BUT AIR TRAFFIC OPERATING ‘NORMALLY’|editore=Olive Press News Spain|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tzitades medas, comente sa capitale matessi, ant ativadu su pranu de apretu PEMA (''Plan Territorial de Emergencia Municipal del Ayuntamiento''), chi previdet sa serrada de su prus de is iscolas, de is [[Universidade|universidades]] e de is fainas cummertziales cando ddu bolerent o resurtaret netzessàriu; s'òrdine de interrutzione immediada de sa faine de lìnias ferroviàrias e metropolitana e s'evacuatzione issoro; s'interrutzione de is fainas de is istitutos bancàrios. Sa politzia est dèvida intervènnere pro dirìgere su tràficu e garantire sa seguridade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita publicatzione|data=2025-04-28|tìtulu=Blackout in Spagna: città paralizzate, le testimonianze di chi ha subito i disagi|limba=it|url=https://www.rainews.it/video/2025/04/blackout-in-spagna-citta-paralizzate-le-testimonianze-di-chi-ha-subito-i-disagi-tg3-de4b224a-bba3-4aec-b911-b95a5cada6c9.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Telecomunicatziones e Internet ====
[[File:Downdetector_28_04_25.png|thumb|Sa falada de is operadores telefònicos ispanniolos, sinnalada in Downdetector.]]
Fintzas is servìtzios de telecomunicatzione e Internet sunt istados corfidos, cun NetBlocks chi at notadu una falada de su tràficu de rete a su 17% de su normale, mentras sunt crèschidas is comunicatziones satellitares, chi non sunt istadas corfidas si non dipendiant dae istatziones de terra pùblicas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://mastodon.social/@netblocks/114415376771310173|tìtulu=Confirmed: Network data show a national scale internet outage in Spain, with nearby countries including Portugal and France also affected; the incident is attributed to a regional power outage impacting multiple countries|editore=Netblocks|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2025/05/10/power-outage-in-spain-and-portugal-a-publicity-boost-for-starlink_6741108_19.html|tìtulu=Power outage in Spain and Portugal: A publicity boost for Starlink|data=2025-05-10|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Sanidade ====
Pro cantu pertocat su sistema sanitàriu, imbetzes, is ispidales ant pòdidu sighire a operare, mancari a capatzidade reduida, gràtzias a s'ativatzione de is generadores de riserva.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2025-04-28/massive-power-outages-cause-blackouts-in-spain-and-portugal.html|tìtulu=Massive power blackout hits Spain and Portugal|autore=Cecilia Castelló Llantada, Álvaro Sánchez|data=2025-04-28|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Tzentrales elètricas ====
De custu puntu de annotu, is autoridades ispanniolas ant referidu chi is tzentrales nucleares de su paisu si fiant giai iscollegadas in automàticu dae sa rete pro neghe de sa pèrdida de energia elètrica–&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|autore=Natasha Caragnano|url=https://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2025/04/28/diretta/black_out_in_tutta_la_spagna-_le_news_evacuata_la_metropolitana_di_madrid-424153463/|tìtulu=Blackout Spagna, le news. Ripristinata corrente in diverse zone. Sanchez: “Nessuna ipotesi esclusa”|editore=La Repubblica|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;  cun bator reatores chi, in su momentu de s'intzidente, fiant generende energia (3,3 GW), mentras àteros tres chi fiant in mantenimentu programmadu giai prevìdidu, sende chi in beranu is energias rennoaditzas frunint su bonu de su bisòngiu&lt;ref name=&quot;gual&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.energyconnects.com/news/gas-lng/2025/may/spain-boosts-costlier-gas-power-to-secure-grid-after-blackout/|tìtulu=Spain Boosts Costlier Gas Power to Secure Grid After Blackout|editore=Bloomberg}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/spains-nuclear-lobby-urges-review-phase-out-plan-following-blackout-2025-05-06/|tìtulu=Spain's nuclear lobby urges review of phase-out plan following blackout}}&lt;/ref&gt;. In cada manera, is generadores de riserva e is sistemas de istudada de emergèntzia ant frunidu in manera autònoma s'energia netzessària a s'isfritamentu, pro mantènnere is sete reatores in seguresa&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.ilmessaggero.it/mondo/blackout_spagna_centrali_nucleari_spente_reattori_generatori_diesel_cosa_succede-8804543.html|tìtulu=Blackout Spagna, si fermano le centrali nucleari: reattori funzionanti grazie a generatori diesel di emergenza|data=2025-04-28|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;, mentras si preparaiant unos cantos reatores pro torrare a funtzionare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/spains-nuclear-reactors-prepare-reconnection-grid-nuclear-safety-council-says-2025-04-28/|tìtulu=Spain's nuclear reactors prepare for reconnection to grid, nuclear safety council says|editore=Reuters|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Sotziedade ====
[[File:Compras_de_pánico_en_Cartagena_(20250428_205531).jpg|thumb|Parastàgios bòidos in su repartu fruta de su Mercadona La Vaguada in [[Cartagena (Ispagna)|Cartagena]], pro neghe de is comporòngios compulsivos causados dae s'interrutzione.]]
In sa sotziedade, confusione e timoria si sunt ispainados, manifestende·si a s'ispissu in comporòngios compulsivos, mentras in su matessi tempus, in unos cantos caminos e terratzas s'atmosfera est abarrada sulena.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|url=https://www.rainews.it/video/2025/04/blackout-in-spagna-a-madrid-supermercati-presi-dassalto-fab81316-a1be-4845-bf0b-ef3f8a70ce14.html|tìtulu=Blackout in Spagna, a Madrid supermercati presi d’assalto|editore=Rai News|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|url=https://www.ilpost.it/2025/04/29/storie-blackout-spagna-portogallo/|tìtulu=Le scene di altri tempi in Spagna e Portogallo durante il blackout|editore=Il Post|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=es|autore=Enrique Recio|url=https://theobjective.com/espana/2025-04-29/caos-histeria-nueve-horas-apagon-madrid/|tìtulu=El caos y la histeria tras nueve horas de apagón en Madrid: «¿Papá, qué cenamos esta noche?»|editore=The Objective}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Istitutziones pùblicas ====
[[File:Consejo_de_Seguridad_Nacional_por_el_apagón_presidido_por_el_Rey_(5).jpg|thumb|Su Cussìgiu de seguridade natzionale presididu dae su Re de Ispànnia e dae su Presidente de su Guvernu, 29 abrile 2025.]]
Mancari totu, is istitutziones pùblicas ant pòdidu sighire is fainas normales issoro, cun s'agenda de su Re Tilipu VI abarrada sena càmbios gràtzias a sa presèntzia de impiantos de generatzione autònoma de in su Palatzu de sa Zarzuela&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.semana.es/familia-real-espanola/comunicado-urgente-casa-real-tras-apagon-electrico-masivo-que-ha-pillado-rey-felipe-plena-reunion-zarzuela_2797861|tìtulu=El apagón eléctrico masivo afecta al rey Felipe en plena reunión en el Palacio de la Zarzuela|autore=Irene Toribio|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Pro contras, su Cungressu de sos Deputados, sa Bussa de Madrid, su Palatzu de sa Moncloa, is sedes de is ministèrios e, intre òrganos medas, su Parlamentu de sa Catalùnnia, sunt imbetzes abarrados sena energia e ant dèvidu abetare s'intrada in funtzione de is generadores internos&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.lasexta.com/noticias/nacional/congreso-bolsa-parlament-asi-esta-afectando-gran-apagon-instituciones_20250428680f66eb5d71dc778a92c9c6.html|tìtulu=El Congreso, la Bolsa, el Parlament... Así está afectando el gran apagón a las instituciones|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, mentras su Senadu at suspèndidu sa faina parlamentare sua pro su 29 de abrile&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-senado-suspende-actividad-parlamentaria-manana-20250428223034.html|tìtulu=El Senado suspende su actividad parlamentaria de mañana|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Unas cantas istitutziones, in fines, comente su Ministèriu de sa Difesa e su quartier generale de sa Marina, ant sighidu a tènnere interrutziones de erogatzione de energia elètrica fintzas a pustis de su 29 abrile, mancari sa torrada generale de sa frunidura.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=es|autore=Rodrigo Isasi Arce|url=https://theobjective.com/espana/2025-04-29/ministerio-defensa-cortes-luz/|tìtulu=El Ministerio de Defensa sufre cortes de luz un día después del apagón|data=29 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In custu cuntestu, su Presidente de su Guvernu de Ispagna, Pedro Sánchez, at cunvocadu a sa lestra una sèrie de reuniones de su Cussìgiu de seguridade natzionale, pro istudiare sa situatzione, e deliberadu s'istadu de apretu e pro assinniare a su Guvernu sas cumpetèntzias in matèria de politzia e protetzione tzivile pro oto [[Comunidades autònomas de s'Ispagna|comunidades autònomas]] chi li dd'aiant domandadu.&lt;ref name=&quot;ap&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=Renata Brito, Barry Hatton e Joseph Wilson|url=https://apnews.com/article/spain-portugal-power-outage-electricity-b0c5fbca49b8422248c4f933e20303b3|tìtulu=Massive power outage in Spain and Portugal leaves thousands stranded and millions without light|editore=Associated Press (AP)|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=es|autore=J.J. Gálvez|url=https://elpais.com/espana/2025-04-28/sanchez-declara-la-emergencia-nacional-en-las-tres-comunidades-que-lo-han-solicitado.html|tìtulu=El Gobierno declara la emergencia nacional por el apagón en las ocho comunidades que lo han pedido|editore=El País|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Traballu ====
S'organizatzione de sos datores de traballu “CEOE” (''Confederación Española de Organizaciones Empresariales'') at istimadu chi s'interrutzione de currente apat causadu pèrdidas econòmicas paris a 1,6 milliardos de [[Èuru|èuros]], pari a su 0,1% de su [[Produtu Internu Brutu|Produtu internu brutu]] natzionale.&lt;ref name=&quot;how&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=es|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/economia/20250429/10627754/apagon-luz-electricidad-empresas-industria-tiendas.html|tìtulu=La CEOE calcula que el apagón supondrá una pérdida de 1.600 millones, el 0,1% del PIB|editore=La Vanguardia|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Fertos e mortos ====
A su mancu oto persones sunt mortas pro neghe de s'iscurigada in Ispagna, prus che totu pro abbenenamentu dae monòssidu de carbòniu, forsis causadu dae unu generadore elètricu difetosu in un'abitatzione in Taboadela, e unu fogu in unu palatzu in [[Madrid]], chi at interessadu unas àteras 13 persones.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=es|url=https://www.telecinco.es/noticias/sociedad/20250430/investigan-muertes-relacionadas-apagon-ultima-paciente-ela_18_015447576.html|tìtulu=Se investigan ocho posibles muertes relacionadas con el apagón, la última es una persona con ELA que precisaba de un sistema de ventilación mecánica|editore=Telecinco|data=30 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pro cantu pertocat is feridos imbetzes, su nùmeru istimadu est de a su mancu 25 persones pro motivos diferentes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=es|url=https://xcatalunya.cat/es/sucesos/drama-tras-apagon-suben-25-las-personas-heridas-catalunya|tìtulu=Drama tras el apagón: Suben a 25 las personas heridas en Catalunya|editore=XCatalunya|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Portugallu ===
In [[Portugallu]], che in Ispànnia etotu, s'iscurigada at blocadu su bonu de is servìtzios de base, comente butegas, supermercados&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Carla B. Ribeiro|url=https://www.publico.pt/2025/04/29/impar/noticia/apagao-ha-supermercados-abertos-prateleiras-vazias-2131329|tìtulu=Depois do apagão, há supermercados abertos de prateleiras vazias|editore=Público|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;, potecarias&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Lusa|url=https://sicnoticias.pt/pais/2025-04-28-apagao-farmacias-enfrentam-serios-constrangimentos-e-vacinas-estao-em-risco-e1523e1c|tìtulu=Apagão: farmácias enfrentam &quot;sérios constrangimentos&quot; e vacinas estão em risco|editore=SIC Noticias|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; e sistemas de pagamentu eletrònicu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruno-2025&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Cátia Bruno|url=https://observador.pt/especiais/caos-no-transito-comunicacoes-cortadas-e-corridas-as-lojas-o-longo-dia-em-que-um-apagao-paralisou-o-pais|tìtulu=Caos no trânsito, comunicações cortadas e corridas às lojas. O longo dia em que um apagão paralisou o país|editore=Observador|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Is regiones insulares de [[Madeira|Madera]] e de is [[Azorras|Azzorras]], sende chi sa retza issoro non dipendet dae sa continentale, non sunt istadas interessadas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|url=https://www.jm-madeira.pt/regiao/em-portugal-ha-apenas-energia-eletrica-na-madeira-e-nos-acores-NL18025383|tìtulu=Em Portugal há apenas energia elétrica na Madeira e nos Açores|editore=JM Madeira|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Trasportos ====
[[File:Autocarro_desvia_de_elétrico_parado_em_Calvário,_Lisboa.jpg|alt=An eletric bus and tram in Lisbon are stopped in traffic and blocking the street while other cars attempt to pass around them.|thumb|In [[Lisbona]] is trasportos pùblicos alimentados a energia elètrica si sunt firmados in su tràficu e sunt abarrados firmos in s'ìnteri de s'iscurigada.]]
In prus de s'interrutzione a sos semàforos e a sas infrastruturas istradales, chi ant causadu intzidentes, e de un'impreu de prus agentes de politzia pro gestire is problemas de tràficu, is servìtzios ferroviàrios suburbanos e de trasportu lestru (comente sa Metropolitana de Lisbona e sa rete sua tranviària) sunt istados interrùmpidos e is trenos sunt istados evacuados. Nointames, su trasportu ferroviàriu in sese no at tentu problemas mannos, ca cudda die is traballadores de sa Comboios de Portugal fiant in isciòperu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruno-2025&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Cátia Bruno|url=https://observador.pt/especiais/caos-no-transito-comunicacoes-cortadas-e-corridas-as-lojas-o-longo-dia-em-que-um-apagao-paralisou-o-pais|tìtulu=Caos no trânsito, comunicações cortadas e corridas às lojas. O longo dia em que um apagão paralisou o país|editore=Observador|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Daivd Pereira|url=https://www.dn.pt/sociedade/descarrilamento-de-metro-linha-verde-interrompida-amarela-ja-reabriu|tìtulu=Descarrilamento de metro. Linha verde interrompida, amarela já reabriu|editore=Diário da Notícias|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Daniel Costa Texeira|url=https://cnnportugal.iol.pt/apagao/apagao-eletrico/ja-ha-metro-no-porto-mas-nao-em-lisboa-barcos-no-tejo-avioes-a-circular-e-governo-quer-escolas-abertas-o-dia-a-seguir-ao-apagao/20250429/68106ec7d34e3f0bae9d7acd|tìtulu=Já há metro no Porto e em Lisboa, barcos no Tejo, aviões a circular e Governo quer escolas abertas. O dia a seguir ao apagão|editore=CNN Portugal|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/economia/greve-de-trabalhadores-da-cp-paralisa-a-circulacao-de-comboios_n1650788|tìtulu=Greve de trabalhadores da CP paralisa a circulação de comboios|editore=RTP Notícias|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Is postales elètricos, is naes, is bitzicletas cumpartzidas (sende chi ddi faghent bisòngiu infrastruturas elètricas) e àteros mèdios non sunt resèssidos a essire dae is istatziones issoro e sunt istados duncas suspèndidos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Mário Rui André|url=https://lisboaparapessoas.pt/2025/04/29/apagao-mobilidade-electrica/|tìtulu=O apagão e a dependência eléctrica da mobilidade urbana|editore=Lisboa Para Pessoas (#LPP)|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

S'aeroportu de Lisbona at imbetzes sighidu a traballare, mancari cun fortes limitatziones, e est istadu serradu a inghìriu de is 13:00 locales pro is bòlidos in arribu e suspèndidu pro is partèntzias, chi sunt istadas autorizadas torra a is 21:38 locales. Intertantu, is aeroportos de Porto e de Faro ant impreau is generadores elètricos issoro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|url=https://www.rainews.it/articoli/2025/05/blackout-disagi-allaeroporto-di-lisbona-valigie-accatastate-ambasciata-aiuta-turisti-italiani-6920ca5e-d846-4a2b-b106-8197ab6369f9.html|tìtulu=Blackout, disagi all'aeroporto di Lisbona: “Valigie accatastate”. Ambasciata aiuta turisti italiani|editore=Rai News|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|url=https://sicnoticias.pt/pais/2025-04-28-apagao-geral-afeta-portugal-e-outros-paises-da-europa-6a37283a|tìtulu=Apagão em Portugal e Espanha foi o &quot;mais severo&quot; dos últimos 20 anos na Europa|editore=SIC Noticias|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Telecomunicatziones e Internet ====
Fintzas is retzas mòbiles ant tentu limitatziones medas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Luís Vidigal|url=https://www.dn.pt/opiniao/quando-a-energia-falha-a-comunica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-n%C3%A3o-pode-falhar|tìtulu=Quando a energia falha, a comunicação não pode falhar|editore=Diário da Notícias|data=30 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Sanidade ====
Is ispidales ant fatu impreadu is generadores issoro pro pòdere sighire a funtzionare.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=Gabriela Galvin|url=https://www.euronews.com/health/2025/04/29/amid-major-outage-health-workers-in-spain-and-portugal-adapted-to-provide-urgent-care-with|tìtulu=Amid major outage, health workers in Spain and Portugal adapted to provide urgent care without power|editore=euronews|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Sotziedade ====
In s'ìnteri de s'iscurigada, che in Ispànnia, is persones sunt andadas currende a fàghere iscorta de benes essentziales comente màndigu, abba, baterias, dispositivos de illuminatzione e ràdiu&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruno-2025&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Cátia Bruno|url=https://observador.pt/especiais/caos-no-transito-comunicacoes-cortadas-e-corridas-as-lojas-o-longo-dia-em-que-um-apagao-paralisou-o-pais|tìtulu=Caos no trânsito, comunicações cortadas e corridas às lojas. O longo dia em que um apagão paralisou o país|editore=Observador|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sa sotziedade ìdrica istatale ''Águas de Portugal'' at pedidu a is consumadores de moderare su consumu de abba pro prevènnere guastos a su sistema durante s'interrutzione de currente.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|url=https://www.dn.pt/sociedade/apag%C3%A3o-grupo-%C3%A1guas-de-portugal-apela-ao-consumo-muito-moderado-de-%C3%A1gua|tìtulu=Apagão: Grupo Águas de Portugal apela ao consumo muito moderado de água|editore=Diário de Notícias|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Istitutziones pùblicas ====
Su Guvernu ghiadu dae su Primu ministru Luís Montenegro at tentu una reunione de apretu de su Cussìgiu de is ministros pro arrsonare de sa situatzione, tenende·si fintzas in cuntatu cun su Presidente de sa Repùblica Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa&lt;ref name=&quot;ap&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|autore=Renata Brito, Barry Hatton e Joseph Wilson|url=https://apnews.com/article/spain-portugal-power-outage-electricity-b0c5fbca49b8422248c4f933e20303b3|tìtulu=Massive power outage in Spain and Portugal leaves thousands stranded and millions without light|editore=Associated Press (AP)|data=28 aprile 2025|atzessu=2 giugno 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;. A s'agabbu de s'addòbiu, su capu de su guvernu at declaradu s'istadu de crisi energètica pedende a s'Unione Europea de aviare un'inchesta a subra de is impiantos elètricos interessados e imponende su mantenimentu de sa disponibilidade de sa capatzidade de aviu sena currente de sa tzentrale idroelètrica de ''Tapada do Outeiro'' a su mancu finas a su 2030 e de bòlere ammanniare custa capatzidade a su mancu a duas àteras localidades, sa diga de ''Alqueva'' e de ''Baixo Sabor'', de manera chi su recùperu de un'iscurigada totale siat prus lestru.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Ana Bela Ferreira|url=https://www.sabado.pt/portugal/detalhe/luis-montenegro-o-sistema-esta-a-funcionar-com-a-producao-nacional|tìtulu=Governo vai pedir à UE uma &quot;auditoria aos sistemas elétricos afetados para uma resposta cabal sobre a origem&quot; do apagão|editore=Sábado|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|url=https://observador.pt/2025/04/29/apagao-governo-quer-centrais-do-baixo-sabor-e-alqueva-com-arranque-autonomo/|tìtulu=Apagão. Governo quer centrais do Baixo Sabor e Alqueva com arranque autónomo|editore=Observador|data=30 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Mortos ====
Est istadu comunicadu chi a su mancu una persone est morta pro neghe de s'iscurigada: sa vìtima, de 77 annos, fiat collegada in manera permanente a unu ventiladore mecànicu in s'abitatzione cando s'aparatu s'est firmadu non ddoe est istada sa possibilidade de intervènnere in presse.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Fernanda de Oliveira Ribeiro e Ricardo Tenreiro|url=https://sicnoticias.pt/pais/2025-05-02-video-o-que-se-sabe-ate-ao-momento-sobre-morte-de-doente-ventilada-durante-o-apagao-2d2bf1f0|tìtulu=O que se sabe até ao momento sobre morte de doente ventilada durante o apagão|editore=SIC Noticias|data=2 maggio 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Càusas possìbiles ==
S'iscurigada si depet a duas flutuatziones in sa retza elètrica (chi in cunditziones normales sunt fenòmenos fitianos, chi si podent manigiare). Sa segunda at causadu sa disconnessione a cadena de su sistema elètricu ibèricu dae s'europeu, giughende a su collassu de sa retza intrea.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|url=https://www.ilpost.it/2025/04/29/blackout-capacita-reti-elettriche/|tìtulu=Le reti elettriche vivono pericolosamente|editore=Il Post|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lars&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.powermag.com/understanding-the-april-2025-iberian-peninsula-blackout-early-analysis-and-lessons-learned/|tìtulu=Understanding the April 2025 Iberian Peninsula Blackout: Early Analysis and Lessons Learned|autore=Aaron Larson|editore=Powermag|data=8 maggio 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;entsoe-20250509&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.entsoe.eu/news/2025/05/09/entso-e-expert-panel-initiates-the-investigation-into-the-causes-of-iberian-blackout/|tìtulu=ENTSO-E expert panel initiates the investigation into the causes of Iberian blackout|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/huge-blackouts-cripple-power-supply-in-spain-and-portugal/|tìtulu=Stay home, Spanish PM urges citizens as Iberian power outage continues|data=2025-04-28|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/29/europe/what-caused-spain-portugal-blackout-explainer-intl|tìtulu=Power is back on in Spain and Portugal, but questions remain about Monday’s blackout. Here’s what we know|autore=Robert Picheta|data=2025-04-29|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Disinformatzione ==
A pustis de s'eventu sunt tzirculadas teorias farsas a subra de s'orìgine de s'interrutzione. Messàgios ispainados in lìnia (a is 12:56, 23 minutos a pustis de s'iscurigada) naraiant chi sa càusa esseret un'atacu informàticu russu, atribuende sa noa a sa Presidente de sa Cummissione Europea [[Ursula von der Leyen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-2025&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/04/29/iberian-peninsula-blackout-sparks-spread-of-false-theories-online|tìtulu=Iberian Peninsula blackout sparks spread of false theories online|publicatzione=euronews}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mald&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://maldita.es/malditobulo/20250507/blackout-foreign-disinformation/|tìtulu=Disinformation about the blackout went around the world: impersonated media, rare atmospheric phenomenom and Russian networks·Maldita.es - Periodismo para que no te la cuelen|data=2025-05-07|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sa matessi noa est istada atribuida fintzas a sa sotziedade elètrica portoghesa EDP Group.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruno-2025&quot;&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=pt|autore=Cátia Bruno|url=https://observador.pt/especiais/caos-no-transito-comunicacoes-cortadas-e-corridas-as-lojas-o-longo-dia-em-que-um-apagao-paralisou-o-pais|tìtulu=Caos no trânsito, comunicações cortadas e corridas às lojas. O longo dia em que um apagão paralisou o país|editore=Observador|data=28 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Unos cantos òrganos de imprenta, comente sa CNN e Reuters, ant referidu chi sa Red Eléctrica de España at ghetadu sa neghe de s'acuntessimentu a unu &quot;eventu atmosfèricu raru&quot; naradu &quot;vibratzione atmosfèrica induida&quot;, chi diat àere causadu &quot;errores de sincronizatzione intre sos sistemas elètricos&quot;, ma sa cosa est istada negada in presse dae sa pròpiu cumpangia. Fintzas s'ipòtesi de un'erutzione solare at retzidu 1,9 milliones de visualizatziones, ma est istada denegada dae su Space Weather Prediction Center&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|limba=en|url=https://www.reuters.com/fact-check/spain-still-investigating-cause-blackout-solar-flare-not-blamed-2025-05-06/|tìtulu=Fact Check: Spain still investigating cause of blackout, but solar flare not blamed|publicatzione=Reuters|data=2025-05-06|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Sunt istadas in fines ispainadas fintzas foto satellitares farsas chi ammustraiant una penìsula in s'iscuru a de note, cando in realidade in sa penìsula ibèrica fiat giai istadu ripristinadu su servìtziu de distributzione de s'energia elètrica.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita novas|url=https://www.rainews.it/articoli/2025/04/cose-la-vibrazione-atmosferica-indotta-potrebbe-aver-causato-il-blackout-in-spagna-e-portogallo-24ea5f81-35e0-472c-ab19-2338cdea806b.html|tìtulu=Cos'è la vibrazione atmosferica indotta? Potrebbe aver causato il blackout in Spagna e Portogallo|editore=Rai News|data=29 aprile 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-2025&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://www.publico.pt/2025/04/28/economia/noticia/apagao-cuidado-quatro-fake-news-estao-circular-2131204|tìtulu=Apagão: cuidado com estas quatro fake news que estão a circular|autore=Sónia Sapage|data=2025-04-28|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mald&quot;&gt;{{Tzita web|url=https://maldita.es/malditobulo/20250507/blackout-foreign-disinformation/|tìtulu=Disinformation about the blackout went around the world: impersonated media, rare atmospheric phenomenom and Russian networks·Maldita.es - Periodismo para que no te la cuelen|data=2025-05-07|atzessu=2025-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Riferimentos ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Categoria:Ispagna]]</text>
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