Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.21 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Gadget Gadget talk Gadget definition Gadget definition talk 0 1587 238384 237189 2022-07-21T07:42:34Z 105.161.231.137 Abdiaziz mursal baarqab wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|340px|right|thumb|Af-Soomaali [[Wikipedia logo|Wikibidhiya]].]] Abdiaziz mursal Baarqab... Abdiaziz wuxu ku dhashay dalka Ethiopia Gaar ahaan maamul gobaleedka soomaalida ee soomali galbeed wuxu kaso jeeda gobalka afdheer halkaas oo Ii kuso barbaaray ila uu ka garayay da'da 10 asago yar ayay familkiisu uso guuren dhankas iyo Kenya gaar ahaan qaxootiga dadaab wax barashadiisu wuxu ka bilaabay qaxootiga dadaab marku ka baxay dugsiga hoose ayuu u wareegay qaxootiga kakuma. Halkaas oo uu ku dhameystay dugsigisa sare. ABDIAZIZ wa nin ay dhalin yaradu Misa bulshadu aad u jecelyihiin oo uu furfuran hadana goaamo adag wan nin ku adag dhaqankas diintiisa islaamka ah abdiaziz wuxu kaso jeeda qoys wadaado ah oo lagu amaano fidinta diinta islaamka. Abdiaziz waxa lagu tiraya dadka dhaadher lkn aan aad u dhereyn wa nin aan hilib lahayn oo dhuubnida lagu tiriyo wa nin jecel xaragada iyo nadafada aadna u daneeya dumarka. wa nin kaftanka u saaxib ah wa nin daganantiisu badantahay Abdiaziz wuxu leeyahay 17 walaalod sagaal gabdhood iyo sideed wiil Abdiaziz ma ahan dadka gacmaha ku xirta jijimaha iyo astanaha qabiil. Wa nin aad u daneynin inuu cunto ka cuno makhayadaha wuxu ka doorbida cuntada guriga ... Abdiaziz hamigiisu wa inuu noqdo mid caawiya dadka baahan wa nin qalbi furan ==Qeexida Wikibidhiya== Magaca Wikibidhiya waa isku darka kooban laba kelmadood, ''wiki'' iyo ''encyclopedia'' (insaykalobeedhiya).<ref>Andreas Kaplan, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Business Horizons, Volume 57 Issue 5, pp.617-626</ref> ==Taariikhda== Wikibidhiya wuxuu u bilaabay sidii mashruuc dhinac ah [[Nubidhiya]], web-ka qaamuus oo bilaash ah oo maqaalladiisa ay qoreen khabiiro.<ref>Andreas M. Kaplan, M. Haenlein (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Business Horizons, 57 Issue 5, pp.617-626</ref> Larry Sanger, oo la aasaasay Nubidhiya Jimmy Wales, ayaa dejiyay fikradda qaamuus ku salaysan wiki Janaayo 10, 2001 ee liiska waraaqaha Nubidhiya.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Archive.org |url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html |access-date=2003-04-14 |archive-date=2003-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> Kadib Janaayo 15, 2001, Wikibidhiya waxaa si rasmi ah loo bilaabay mareegaha www.wikipedia.com.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> [[Taariikh]]du markii ay ahayd 18/01/2012 ayaa waxa hawada ka baxay wikipedia laakiinse isla maalin ka bacdiba waa ay ku soo noqotay hawada. ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} [[Category:Internet]] 52ufjo3o9tvcgdzum9ik5cxnl5nfrhi 238385 238384 2022-07-21T07:45:07Z 105.161.231.137 Peley baarqab wikitext text/x-wiki Abdiaziz mursal Abdiaziz mursal Baarqab... Abdiaziz wuxu ku dhashay dalka Ethiopia Gaar ahaan maamul gobaleedka soomaalida ee soomali galbeed wuxu kaso jeeda gobalka afdheer halkaas oo Ii kuso barbaaray ila uu ka garayay da'da 10 asago yar ayay familkiisu uso guuren dhankas iyo Kenya gaar ahaan qaxootiga dadaab wax barashadiisu wuxu ka bilaabay qaxootiga dadaab marku ka baxay dugsiga hoose ayuu u wareegay qaxootiga kakuma. Halkaas oo uu ku dhameystay dugsigisa sare. ABDIAZIZ wa nin ay dhalin yaradu Misa bulshadu aad u jecelyihiin oo uu furfuran hadana goaamo adag wan nin ku adag dhaqankas diintiisa islaamka ah abdiaziz wuxu kaso jeeda qoys wadaado ah oo lagu amaano fidinta diinta islaamka. Abdiaziz waxa lagu tiraya dadka dhaadher lkn aan aad u dhereyn wa nin aan hilib lahayn oo dhuubnida lagu tiriyo wa nin jecel xaragada iyo nadafada aadna u daneeya dumarka. wa nin kaftanka u saaxib ah wa nin daganantiisu badantahay Abdiaziz wuxu leeyahay 17 walaalod sagaal gabdhood iyo sideed wiil Abdiaziz ma ahan dadka gacmaha ku xirta jijimaha iyo astanaha qabiil. Wa nin aad u daneynin inuu cunto ka cuno makhayadaha wuxu ka doorbida cuntada guriga ... Abdiaziz hamigiisu wa inuu noqdo mid caawiya dadka baahan wa nin qalbi furan ==Qeexida Wikibidhiya== Magaca Wikibidhiya waa isku darka kooban laba kelmadood, ''wiki'' iyo ''encyclopedia'' (insaykalobeedhiya).<ref>Andreas Kaplan, Haenlein Michael (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Business Horizons, Volume 57 Issue 5, pp.617-626</ref> ==Taariikhda== Wikibidhiya wuxuu u bilaabay sidii mashruuc dhinac ah [[Nubidhiya]], web-ka qaamuus oo bilaash ah oo maqaalladiisa ay qoreen khabiiro.<ref>Andreas M. Kaplan, M. Haenlein (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Business Horizons, 57 Issue 5, pp.617-626</ref> Larry Sanger, oo la aasaasay Nubidhiya Jimmy Wales, ayaa dejiyay fikradda qaamuus ku salaysan wiki Janaayo 10, 2001 ee liiska waraaqaha Nubidhiya.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Archive.org |url=http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html |access-date=2003-04-14 |archive-date=2003-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> Kadib Janaayo 15, 2001, Wikibidhiya waxaa si rasmi ah loo bilaabay mareegaha www.wikipedia.com.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wikipedia.com/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/|archivedate=31 March 2001}}</ref> [[Taariikh]]du markii ay ahayd 18/01/2012 ayaa waxa hawada ka baxay wikipedia laakiinse isla maalin ka bacdiba waa ay ku soo noqotay hawada. ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} [[Category:Internet]] 9r7glhvp692r4gtvetoqzydwjhxa6o7 0 1588 238417 195329 2022-07-21T11:32:55Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WWW-LetShare.svg|200px|thumb|right|World Web Wide]] '''Shabakada isku xirka Caalamka''' ([[Ingiriis]]:'''World Wide Web''') loona soo gaabiyo '''WWW''' inta badana loo yaqaan '''Web''' , kaas oo loo isticmaalo isku xirka dokumentiyadda iyada oo la adeegsanayo qadka [[Internet]]ka, [[Category:Teknooloji]] [[Category:Internet]] bhcxwcoy711fpt5o37q0eq7wx5dssqx 238418 238417 2022-07-21T11:33:13Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WWW-LetShare.svg|200px|thumb|right|World Wide Web]] '''Shabakada isku xirka Caalamka''' ([[Ingiriis]]: '''World Wide Web''') loona soo gaabiyo '''WWW''' inta badana loo yaqaan '''Web''' , kaas oo loo isticmaalo isku xirka dokumentiyadda iyada oo la adeegsanayo qadka [[Internet]]ka, [[Category:Teknooloji]] [[Category:Internet]] hxqug4g1alcw2i32x9l9o7tucs6vg88 0 2096 238381 229776 2022-07-21T04:53:09Z 65.95.43.64 /* Wadanada */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox continent |title = Aasiya |image = [[File:Asia (orthographic projection).svg|alt=Muuqaalka goobada dunida oo ka dhex muuqato Aasiya iyo qayb ka mi dah [[Afrika]] iyo [[Yurub]].|220px]] |area = {{convert|44579000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite book| publisher=National Geographic Society (U.S.) | title= National Geographic Family Reference Atlas of the World | location=Washington, D.C. | year=2006 | page=264}}</ref> |population = 4,164,252,000 ([[Liiska dadka ku nool aduunka|1aad]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/geoquiz/thelist.htm |title=Continents of the World |work=The List |publisher=Worldatlas.com |accessdate=25 July 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722181955/http://www.worldatlas.com/geoquiz/thelist.htm |archivedate=22 July 2011 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref> |density = 87/km² (225/sq mi) |demonym = [[Aasiyaan]] |countries = 48 xubnoo oo ka tirsan [[QM]] iyo 6 wadan |list_countries = Liiska wadanada |dependencies = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; | list_style = text-align:left; | 1 = [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]] | 2 = [[British Indian Ocean Territory]] | 3 = [[Christmas Island]] | 4 = [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]] | 5 = [[Hong Kong]] | 6 = [[Macau]] }} |unrecognized = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; | list_style = text-align:left; | 1 = [[Abkhazia]] | 2 = [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] | 3 = [[Northern Cyprus]] | 4 = [[South Ossetia]]| 5 = [[Taiwan]]}} |languages = [[Luuqadaha Aasiya]] |time = [[UTC+2]] to [[UTC+12]] |internet = [[.asia]] |cities =[[Liiska magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn Aasiya]]<br>[[Liiska caasimadaha Aasiya]] {{Collapsible list | list_style = text-align:left; | 1 = {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Tokyo]] <br /> {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Osaka]] <br /> {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kyoto]] <br /> {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Seoul]] <br /> {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Busan]] <br /> {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Ulsan]] <br /> {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Incheon]] <br /> {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Daegu]] <br /> {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Daejeon]] <br /> {{flagicon|China}} [[Beijing]] <br /> {{flagicon|China}} [[Shanghai]] <br /> {{flagicon|China}} [[Guangzhou]] <br /> {{flagicon|Hong Kong}} [[Hong Kong]] <br /> {{flagicon|Macau}} [[Macau]] <br /> {{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taipei]] <br />{{flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore]] <br /> {{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[Dubai]] <br /> {{flagicon|Qatar}} [[Doha]] <br /> {{flagicon|India}} [[Mumbai]] <br /> {{flagicon|India}} [[Delhi]] <br /> {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Karachi]]<br /> {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Dhaka]] <br /> {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Lahore]] <br /> {{flagicon|Indonesia}}[[Jakarta]] <br /> {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Manila]]<br /> {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Tehran]] <br /> {{flagicon|India}}[[Kolkata]] <br /> {{flagicon|India}} [[Chennai]] <br /> {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Chittagong]] <br /> {{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Riyadh]] <br /> {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Islamabad]] <br /> {{flagicon|India}} [[Bengaluru]] <br /> {{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Bangkok]] <br /> {{flagicon|India}} [[Hyderabad]] <br /> {{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Kuala Lumpur]]<br /> {{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Ho Chi Minh City]] }} }} '''Aasiya''' ('''Eeshiya''' {{lang-en|Asia}}; {{lang-ar|آسيا}}; {{IPAc-en|ˈ|eɪ|ʒ|ə|,_|ˈ|eɪ|ʃ|ə|audio=En-us-Asia.ogg}}) waa [[qaarad]]a ugu weyn [[Dhul]]ka iyo tan ugu dadka badan leh, taasi oo dhacda meel u dhaxaysa dhamaan qaaradaha kale ee dhulka. Qaarada Aasiya waxay ku fadhidaa dhul baaxadiisu le'eg tahay {{convert|44,579,000|km2|sqmi}}, taasi oo u dhiganta ilaa 30% dhulka Dunidan iyo 8.7% oogada sare ee meerahan. Intaas waxaa dheer, qaaradan waxaa ku dhaqan shacabka ugu badan ee aduunka taasi oo gaadhsan 4.4 bilyan (labada wadan ee ugu dadka badan waa [[Hindiya]] iyo [[Shiinaha]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=The World at Six Billion|url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm|publisher=UN Population Division|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042434/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm|archivedate=March 5, 2016|deadurl=no}}, [https://web.archive.org/web/20160101220025/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbilpart1.pdf Table 2]</ref> Waxaa xusid mudan iyadna in qaarada Aasiya ay ka dhismeen [[boqortooyo|boqortooyooyinka]] ugu horeeyay ee aadamuhu sameeyaan. Guud ahaan, qaarada Aasiya waxaa dhinaca bari ka xiga [[Badweynta Baasifik]], koonfurta waxaa ka xigta [[Badweynta Hindiya]], dhinaca waqooyi waxaa ka xiga [[Badweynta Arktik]]. Aasiya waxay dhinaca ku haysaa qaarada [[Yurub]], halkaasi oonu jirin wax dabiici ah oo labada qaaradood kala sooca. Laakiin sida ku xusan sharciyada caalamiga ee xuduudaha qaarada Aasiya xadkeedu wuxuu ka bilaabmaa bariga [[Gacanka Suweys]], webiga Yural, iyo Buuraha Yural.<ref>{{cite book|title=National Geographic Atlas of the World|edition=7th|year=1999|location=Washington, DC|publisher=[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]|isbn=978-0-7922-7528-2}} "Europe" (pp. 68–9); "Asia" (pp. 90–1): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles."</ref> ==Hordhac== [[File:Khariiddada Qaarada Aasiya.png|thumb|400px|Kariirada Aasiya]] [[File:The_Tokyo_Stock_Exchange_-_main_room_3.jpg|thumb|right|400px|{{Flag|Japan}}]] [[File:Commercial_area_of_futian_to_east2020.jpg|thumb|right|400px|{{Flag|China}}]] of PR. Aasiya waa qaarada ugu weyn aduunka isla markaana ugu dadka badan dhamaan caalamka. Buurooyinka ugu weyn aduunka waxee ku yaalaan qaaradan. ==Wadanada== {{columns-list|colwidth=6em| *''[[Afgaanistan]]''* * [[Aserbiijaan]] *''[[Bakistaan]]''* * [[Bangladesh]] * [[Baxrayn]] * [[Burma]] * [[Butaan]] *''[[Ciraaq]]''* * [[Cumaan]] * [[Falastiin]] * [[Filibiin]] *'''[[Hindiya]]'''* * *''[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]''* * [[Indonesia]] *'''[[Iiraan]]'''* * [[Israaiil]] * [[Jabaan]] *[[Jasiirada Maldiif]] * [[Kambodiya]] *''[[Kasakhstan]]''* * [[Kirgistan]] ([[Qargistan]]) * [[Koonfur Kuuriya]] *''[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]''* * [[Laos]] *''[[Lubnaan]]'' *'''[[Midowga Sofiyet]]'''* *''[[Mongolia]]''* * [[Masar]]''([[Siinaa]])''* * [[Malaysiya]] * [[Nebal]] * [[Qatar]] *''[[Sacuudi Carabiya]]''* *'''[[Shiinaha]]'''* * * * [[Sri Lanka]] * [[Suuriya]] * [[Samoa]] * [[Thailand]] * [[Tadsjikistan]] *''[[Turkiga]]''* * [[Urdun]] * [[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]] *''[[Yaman]]''* * [[Vietnam]] * [[Armania|Armeeniya]] }} ==Sido Kale fiiri== * [[Badweynta Baasifiga]] * [[Badweynta Hindiya]] ==Tixraac== [[Category:Qaaradaha]] [[target:Aasiya]] j617p7i7h7l0dy63i00hb6vlwi5tkut 238382 238381 2022-07-21T04:55:02Z 65.95.43.64 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox continent |title = Aasiya |image = [[File:Asia (orthographic projection).svg|alt=Muuqaalka goobada dunida oo ka dhex muuqato Aasiya iyo qayb ka mi dah [[Afrika]] iyo [[Yurub]].|220px]] |area = {{convert|44579000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite book| publisher=National Geographic Society (U.S.) | title= National Geographic Family Reference Atlas of the World | location=Washington, D.C. | year=2006 | page=264}}</ref> |population = 4,164,252,000 ([[Liiska dadka ku nool aduunka|1aad]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/geoquiz/thelist.htm |title=Continents of the World |work=The List |publisher=Worldatlas.com |accessdate=25 July 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722181955/http://www.worldatlas.com/geoquiz/thelist.htm |archivedate=22 July 2011 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref> |density = 87/km² (225/sq mi) |demonym = [[Aasiyaan]] |countries = 48 xubnoo oo ka tirsan [[QM]] iyo 6 wadan |list_countries = Liiska wadanada |dependencies = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; | list_style = text-align:left; | 1 = [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]] | 2 = [[British Indian Ocean Territory]] | 3 = [[Christmas Island]] | 4 = [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]] | 5 = [[Hong Kong]] | 6 = [[Macau]] }} |unrecognized = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; | list_style = text-align:left; | 1 = [[Abkhazia]] | 2 = [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] | 3 = [[Northern Cyprus]] | 4 = [[South Ossetia]]| 5 = [[Taiwan]]}} |languages = [[Luuqadaha Aasiya]] |time = [[UTC+2]] to [[UTC+12]] |internet = [[.asia]] |cities =[[Liiska magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn Aasiya]]<br>[[Liiska caasimadaha Aasiya]] {{Collapsible list | list_style = text-align:left; | 1 = {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Tokyo]] <br /> {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Osaka]] <br /> {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kyoto]] <br /> {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Seoul]] <br /> {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Busan]] <br /> {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Ulsan]] <br /> {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Incheon]] <br /> {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Daegu]] <br /> {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Daejeon]] <br /> {{flagicon|China}} [[Beijing]] <br /> {{flagicon|China}} [[Shanghai]] <br /> {{flagicon|China}} [[Guangzhou]] <br /> {{flagicon|Hong Kong}} [[Hong Kong]] <br /> {{flagicon|Macau}} [[Macau]] <br /> {{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taipei]] <br />{{flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore]] <br /> {{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[Dubai]] <br /> {{flagicon|Qatar}} [[Doha]] <br /> {{flagicon|India}} [[Mumbai]] <br /> {{flagicon|India}} [[Delhi]] <br /> {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Karachi]]<br /> {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Dhaka]] <br /> {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Lahore]] <br /> {{flagicon|Indonesia}}[[Jakarta]] <br /> {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Manila]]<br /> {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Tehran]] <br /> {{flagicon|India}}[[Kolkata]] <br /> {{flagicon|India}} [[Chennai]] <br /> {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Chittagong]] <br /> {{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Riyadh]] <br /> {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Islamabad]] <br /> {{flagicon|India}} [[Bengaluru]] <br /> {{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Bangkok]] <br /> {{flagicon|India}} [[Hyderabad]] <br /> {{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Kuala Lumpur]]<br /> {{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Ho Chi Minh City]] }} }} '''Aasiya''' ('''Eeshiya''' {{lang-en|Asia}}; {{lang-ar|آسيا}}; {{IPAc-en|ˈ|eɪ|ʒ|ə|,_|ˈ|eɪ|ʃ|ə|audio=En-us-Asia.ogg}}) waa [[qaarad]]a ugu weyn [[Dhul]]ka iyo tan ugu dadka badan leh, taasi oo dhacda meel u dhaxaysa dhamaan qaaradaha kale ee dhulka. Qaarada Aasiya waxay ku fadhidaa dhul baaxadiisu le'eg tahay {{convert|44,579,000|km2|sqmi}}, taasi oo u dhiganta ilaa 30% dhulka Dunidan iyo 8.7% oogada sare ee meerahan. Intaas waxaa dheer, qaaradan waxaa ku dhaqan shacabka ugu badan ee aduunka taasi oo gaadhsan 4.4 bilyan (labada wadan ee ugu dadka badan waa [[Hindiya]] iyo [[Shiinaha]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=The World at Six Billion|url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm|publisher=UN Population Division|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042434/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm|archivedate=March 5, 2016|deadurl=no}}, [https://web.archive.org/web/20160101220025/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbilpart1.pdf Table 2]</ref> Waxaa xusid mudan iyadna in qaarada Aasiya ay ka dhismeen [[boqortooyo|boqortooyooyinka]] ugu horeeyay ee aadamuhu sameeyaan. Guud ahaan, qaarada Aasiya waxaa dhinaca bari ka xiga [[Badweynta Baasifik]], koonfurta waxaa ka xigta [[Badweynta Hindiya]], dhinaca waqooyi waxaa ka xiga [[Badweynta Arktik]]. Aasiya waxay dhinaca ku haysaa qaarada [[Yurub]], halkaasi oonu jirin wax dabiici ah oo labada qaaradood kala sooca. Laakiin sida ku xusan sharciyada caalamiga ee xuduudaha qaarada Aasiya xadkeedu wuxuu ka bilaabmaa bariga [[Gacanka Suweys]], webiga Yural, iyo Buuraha Yural.<ref>{{cite book|title=National Geographic Atlas of the World|edition=7th|year=1999|location=Washington, DC|publisher=[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]|isbn=978-0-7922-7528-2}} "Europe" (pp. 68–9); "Asia" (pp. 90–1): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles."</ref> ==Hordhac== [[File:Khariiddada Qaarada Aasiya.png|thumb|393px|Kariirada Aasiya]] [[File:The_Tokyo_Stock_Exchange_-_main_room_3.jpg|thumb|right|394px|{{Flag|Japan}}]] [[File:Commercial_area_of_futian_to_east2020.jpg|thumb|right|395px|{{Flag|China}}]] of PR. Aasiya waa qaarada ugu weyn aduunka isla markaana ugu dadka badan dhamaan caalamka. Buurooyinka ugu weyn aduunka waxee ku yaalaan qaaradan. ==Wadanada== {{columns-list|colwidth=6em| *''[[Afgaanistan]]''* * [[Aserbiijaan]] *''[[Bakistaan]]''* * [[Bangladesh]] * [[Baxrayn]] * [[Burma]] * [[Butaan]] *''[[Ciraaq]]''* * [[Cumaan]] * [[Falastiin]] * [[Filibiin]] *'''[[Hindiya]]'''* * *''[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]''* * [[Indonesia]] *'''[[Iiraan]]'''* * [[Israaiil]] * [[Jabaan]] *[[Jasiirada Maldiif]] * [[Kambodiya]] *''[[Kasakhstan]]''* * [[Kirgistan]] ([[Qargistan]]) * [[Koonfur Kuuriya]] *''[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]''* * [[Laos]] *''[[Lubnaan]]'' *'''[[Midowga Sofiyet]]'''* *''[[Mongolia]]''* * [[Masar]]''([[Siinaa]])''* * [[Malaysiya]] * [[Nebal]] * [[Qatar]] *''[[Sacuudi Carabiya]]''* *'''[[Shiinaha]]'''* * * * [[Sri Lanka]] * [[Suuriya]] * [[Samoa]] * [[Thailand]] * [[Tadsjikistan]] *''[[Turkiga]]''* * [[Urdun]] * [[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]] *''[[Yaman]]''* * [[Vietnam]] * [[Armania|Armeeniya]] }} ==Sido Kale fiiri== * [[Badweynta Baasifiga]] * [[Badweynta Hindiya]] ==Tixraac== [[Category:Qaaradaha]] [[target:Aasiya]] fjwmfhzeq3wosaw91vc9ifl5ujt7pq9 0 2113 238369 238304 2022-07-20T23:05:01Z Mwasoge 29030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jabaan<br />''日本国'' |conventional_long_name = ''Nibon-koku'' |common_name = Jabaan |qaaradda = [[Aasiya]] |sawir_calan = Flag of Japan.svg |sawir_qaran = Imperial Seal of Japan.svg |image_map = Japan(orthographic projection)-Blue version.svg |astaan_calan = [[Kimigayo 君が代]] |image_map = Japan-location-cia.gif |caasimadda = [[Tokyo]] |luuqadaha = [[Af-Jabaniis, iyo luqado kale oo la tiri karin]] |caasimada = [[Tokyo]] |Dawladda = &nbsp; |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Emberor]] |Madaxweyne]] |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaare]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = [[Naruhito]] |magac_hogaamiye2 = [[Fumio Kishida]] |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = | GDP_PPP_year = 2017 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,998<ref name="IMF database 2018" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $4.998 trillion<ref name="IMF database 2018" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2017 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $30,998<ref name="IMF database 2018" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |area = 377,944 km2 |areami² = 145,925 |biyo = 0.8 |population_estimate = 127,380,000² |population_estimate_year = 2010 |lacagta = [[Yen]] |wakhti = (UTC+9) |furaha_debedda = 81 |footnote1 = }} [[File:Cartedujapon.png|right|398px|thumb|Carte du Japon]]<Br/>[[File:The Diet.jpg|thumb|right|398px| 日本国会]]. '''Jabaan''' ([[Af-Jabaaniis]] 日本 Nihon ama Nibon magaceeda oo dhameestiran 日本国 Nibon-koku ama Nihon-koku, waa wadan jasiirado ka sameesan, oo ku yaalo [[Badweynta Baasifik]] ee qaarada [[Aasiya]]. Wadankaan waxoo daris la yahay [[Badda Jabaan]], [[Shiinaha]], [[Koonfur Kuuriya]], [[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]] iyo [[Ruushka]]. Dad tiriskii laga qaaday jabaan 1920kii, waxee eheed 56 miliyan oo qoys, sanadka marka oo ahaa 2017 neh waxaa degenaa 126,960,000 oo qoys. [[File:Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg|thumb|right|397px|[[国会議事堂|"National Diet Building"]]]] [[File:Viewed from the Nakanoshima Festival Tower in 201510 002.JPG|398px|thumb|大阪市]] [[File:Nissan.jpg|thumb|right|398px|Lo sièti sociau de Nissan a Tòquio]] [[File:Satellite View of Japan 1999.jpg|197px|left|thumb|[[Japanese archipelago]] as seen from satellite]]. [[File:Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group.svg|thumb|right|398px|三菱金融グループ]]<Br/>[[file:Japan Exchange Group logo.svg|thumb|right|195px]] Jabaan waxee ka koobantahay 6,852 jasiiradoo, affarta ugu waa weyn oo boqolkiiba todobaatan daboolo dhulka jabaan waa [[Honshu]], [[Hokkaido]], [[Kyushu]] iyo [[Shikoku]]. Jabaaniiska waxee iskuugu wacaan (Nihon), luqadooda neh waxee dhahaan (Nihongo). Magaca Nibon micnaheeda waa jabaan laakiin waxee u adeegsadaan, lacagaha, bashqadaha iyo cayaaraha caalamka iyo wax la mid ah.Jabaan waxaa loo micneeyaa wadanka qoraxda ka soo baxdo, 日 (qorax) 本 (soo bax), markii hore jabaan waxaa loogu yeeri jiray magacyo badan, gaar ahaan wadanka ee taariikhda isla leeyihiin ee Shiinaha, waxee jabaan ugu yeeri jireen (yamato 大和). Erayga qorax ka soo baxa waxoo asal ahaan ka imaaday shiinaha, sababtoo ah jabaan waxee ka xigtaa dhinaca bariga markii la fiiriyo qaarad aasiya. Ereyga Japan ee Japan waa 日本, oo lagu magacaabo Nihon ama Nippon iyo macno ahaan waxa loola jeedaa "asalka qorraxda". Nichi dabeecadda (CH) macnaheedu waa "qorax" ama "maalin"; saldhigga macnihiisu waa "saldhig" ama "asal". [23] Sidaas daraadeed macneheedu waa "asalka qorraxda" waana ilaha caanka ah ee reer galbeedka caanka ah "Land of the Sun Rising". [[File:Shibuya night.jpg|thumb|left|193px|Las carrèras japonesas que son sovent conhidas de monde: ací au quartièr de ''[[Shibuya]]'' a [[Tōkyō]]]][[File:2010Election at Higashi-Osaka.jpg|thumb|left|194px|Un burèu de vòte dens la prefectura d{{'}}Ōsaka]] [[File:Nissan Motor Corporation 2020 logo.svg|thumb|right|196px|]]<Br/>[[File:Meiji tenno1.jpg|thumb|right|197px|[[Emperor Meiji]](1868–1912),Imperial rule was [[Meiji Restoration|restored]]at the end of the [[Tokugawa shogunate]]]]<Br/>[[File:Katsuya-Roppongi.jpg|thumb|right|197px|]]<Br/> [[File:Panasonic logo.svg|thumb|right|198px| 89％ 日本企業.??!?`]] Rikoodhkii ugu horreeyay ee magaca Nihon wuxuu ka muuqdaa taariikhda Shiinaha ee taariikhda ah ee hannaanka Tang, Book of Old Tang. Dhamaadkii qarnigii toddobaad, wafdi ka yimid Japan ayaa codsaday in Nihon loo isticmaalo magaca dalkooda. Magacani waxaa laga yaabaa in uu asal ahaan ka soo jeedo warqad loo diray 607 waxaana lagu diiwaan geliyay taariikhda rasmiga ah ee Suudiiste. Prince Shōtoku, Regent of Japan, ayaa u diray ergeyga Shiinaha warqad kaas oo uu ugu yeeray "Boqortooyada Dhulka ee Qorraxdu kacdo" (日 出处 天子). Farriinta ayaa yiri: "Halkan, waxaan ahay, Boqortooyada waddanka qorraxdu soo baxdo, u dir warqad si aad u aragto Boqortooyada dalka ee qorraxdu u eg tahay.!!!!!`byyye.!!` Qalinkii: Fadxi Garaad Jesus Greenford.!!` ==Visa Jabaan== <s>[[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]]</s> == Taariikh == {{Dalalka Aasiya}} [[Category:Jabaan]] 3njddo3gzge8rxuwxqfgzih1vo31ngu 238370 238369 2022-07-20T23:33:46Z Mwasoge 29030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jabaan<br />''日本国'' |conventional_long_name = ''Nibon-koku'' |common_name = Jabaan |qaaradda = [[Aasiya]] |sawir_calan = Flag of Japan.svg |sawir_qaran = Imperial Seal of Japan.svg |image_map = Japan(orthographic projection)-Blue version.svg |astaan_calan = [[Kimigayo 君が代]] |image_map = Japan-location-cia.gif |caasimadda = [[Tokyo]] |luuqadaha = [[Af-Jabaniis, iyo luqado kale oo la tiri karin]] |caasimada = [[Tokyo]] |Dawladda = &nbsp; |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Emberor]] |Madaxweyne]] |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaare]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = [[Naruhito]] |magac_hogaamiye2 = [[Fumio Kishida]] |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = | GDP_PPP_year = 2017 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,998<ref name="IMF database 2018" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $4.998 trillion<ref name="IMF database 2018" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2017 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $30,998<ref name="IMF database 2018" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |area = 377,944 km2 |areami² = 145,925 |biyo = 0.8 |population_estimate = 127,380,000² |population_estimate_year = 2010 |lacagta = [[Yen]] |wakhti = (UTC+9) |furaha_debedda = 81 |footnote1 = }} [[File:Cartedujapon.png|right|398px|thumb|Carte du Japon]]<BR/>[[File:The Diet.jpg|thumb|right|398px| 日本国会.]] '''Jabaan''' ([[Af-Jabaaniis]]:日本: Nihon ama Nibon magaceeda oo dhameestiran: 日本国 :Nibon-koku ama Nihon-koku, waa wadan jasiirado ka sameesan, oo ku yaalo [[Badweynta Baasifik]] ee qaarada [[Aasiya]]. Wadankaan waxoo daris la yahay [[Badda Jabaan]], [[Shiinaha]], [[Koonfur Kuuriya]], [[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]] iyo [[Ruushka]]. Dad tiriskii laga qaaday jabaan 1920kii, waxee eheed 56 miliyan oo qoys, sanadka marka oo ahaa 2017 neh waxaa degenaa 126,960,000 oo qoys. [[File:Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg|thumb|right|397px|[[国会議事堂|"National Diet Building"]]]] [[File:Viewed from the Nakanoshima Festival Tower in 201510 002.JPG|398px|thumb|大阪市.]] [[File:Nissan.jpg|thumb|right|398px|Lo sièti sociau de Nissan a Tòquio]] [[File:Satellite View of Japan 1999.jpg|197px|left|thumb|[[Japanese archipelago]]As seen from Satellites.]]. [[File:Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group.svg|thumb|right|398px|三菱金融グループ.]]<BR/>[[file:Japan Exchange Group logo.svg|thumb|right|195px]] Jabaan waxee ka koobantahay 6,852 jasiiradoo, affarta ugu waa weyn oo boqolkiiba todobaatan daboolo dhulka jabaan waa [[Honshu]], [[Hokkaido]], [[Kyushu]] iyo [[Shikoku]]. Jabaaniiska waxee iskuugu wacaan (Nihon), luqadooda neh waxee dhahaan (Nihongo). Magaca Nibon micnaheeda waa jabaan laakiin waxee u adeegsadaan, lacagaha, bashqadaha iyo cayaaraha caalamka iyo wax la mid ah.Jabaan waxaa loo micneeyaa wadanka qoraxda ka soo baxdo, 日 (qorax) 本 (soo bax), markii hore jabaan waxaa loogu yeeri jiray magacyo badan, gaar ahaan wadanka ee taariikhda isla leeyihiin ee Shiinaha, waxee jabaan ugu yeeri jireen (yamato 大和). Erayga qorax ka soo baxa waxoo asal ahaan ka imaaday shiinaha, sababtoo ah jabaan waxee ka xigtaa dhinaca bariga markii la fiiriyo qaarad aasiya. Ereyga Japan ee Japan waa 日本, oo lagu magacaabo Nihon ama Nippon iyo macno ahaan waxa loola jeedaa "asalka qorraxda". Nichi dabeecadda (CH) macnaheedu waa "qorax" ama "maalin"; saldhigga macnihiisu waa "saldhig" ama "asal". [23] Sidaas daraadeed macneheedu waa "asalka qorraxda" waana ilaha caanka ah ee reer galbeedka caanka ah "Land of the Sun Rising=LAND OF THE SUN RISING".!!` [[File:Shibuya night.jpg|thumb|left|193px|Las carrèras japonesas que son sovent conhidas de monde: ací au quartièr de ''[[Shibuya]]'' a [[Tōkyō]]]][[File:2010Election at Higashi-Osaka.jpg|thumb|left|194px|Un burèu de vòte dens la prefectura d{{'}}Ōsaka]] [[File:Nissan Motor Corporation 2020 logo.svg|thumb|right|196px|]]<BR/>[[File:Meiji tenno1.jpg|thumb|right|197px|[[Emperor Meiji]](1868–1912)Imperial rule was[[Meiji Restoration|restored]]at the end of the[[Tokugawa shogunate]]]]<BR/>[[File:Katsuya-Roppongi.jpg|thumb|right|197px|]]<BR/>[[File:Panasonic logo.svg|thumb|right|198px| 89％ 日本企業.??!`]] Rikoodhkii ugu horreeyay ee magaca Nihon wuxuu ka muuqdaa taariikhda Shiinaha ee taariikhda ah ee hannaanka Tang, Book of Old Tang. Dhamaadkii qarnigii toddobaad, wafdi ka yimid Japan ayaa codsaday in Nihon loo isticmaalo magaca dalkooda. Magacani waxaa laga yaabaa in uu asal ahaan ka soo jeedo warqad loo diray 607 waxaana lagu diiwaan geliyay taariikhda rasmiga ah ee Suudiiste. Prince Shōtoku, Regent of Japan, ayaa u diray ergeyga Shiinaha warqad kaas oo uu ugu yeeray "Boqortooyada Dhulka ee Qorraxdu kacdo" (日 出处 天子). Farriinta ayaa yiri: "Halkan, waxaan ahay, Boqortooyada waddanka qorraxdu soo baxdo, u dir warqad si aad u aragto Boqortooyada dalka ee qorraxdu u eg tahay.!!!!!`byyye.!!` Qalinkii: Fadxi Garaad Jesus Greenford.!!` ==Visa Jabaan== <s>[[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]]</s> == Taariikh == [https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-100-most-valuable-brands-in-2021/] [https://www.rankingthebrands.com/The-Brand-Rankings.aspx?rankingID=33&nav=category] {{Dalalka Aasiya}} [[Category:Jabaan]] 5fuyza9xnorn0qniy11ko2vwcwmop0j 238374 238370 2022-07-21T01:37:43Z Mwasoge 29030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jabaan<br />''日本国'' |conventional_long_name = ''Nibon-koku'' |common_name = Jabaan |qaaradda = [[Aasiya]] |sawir_calan = Flag of Japan.svg |sawir_qaran = Imperial Seal of Japan.svg |image_map = Japan(orthographic projection)-Blue version.svg |astaan_calan = [[Kimigayo 君が代]] |image_map = Japan-location-cia.gif |caasimadda = [[Tokyo]] |luuqadaha = [[Af-Jabaniis, iyo luqado kale oo la tiri karin]] |caasimada = [[Tokyo]] |Dawladda = &nbsp; |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Emberor]] |Madaxweyne]] |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaare]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = [[Naruhito]] |magac_hogaamiye2 = [[Fumio Kishida]] |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = | GDP_PPP_year = 2017 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,998<ref name="IMF database 2018" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $4.998 trillion<ref name="IMF database 2018" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2017 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $30,998<ref name="IMF database 2018" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |area = 377,944 km2 |areami² = 145,925 |biyo = 0.8 |population_estimate = 127,380,000<sup>2</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2010 |lacagta = [[Yen]] |wakhti = (UTC+9) |furaha_debedda = 81 |footnote1 = }} [[File:Cartedujapon.png|right|398px|thumb|Carte du Japon]]<BR/>[[File:The Diet.jpg|thumb|right|398px| 日本国会.]] '''Jabaan''' ([[Af-Jabaaniis]]:日本: Nihon ama Nibon magaceeda oo dhameestiran: 日本国 :Nibon-koku ama Nihon-koku, waa wadan jasiirado ka sameesan, oo ku yaalo [[Badweynta Baasifik]] ee qaarada [[Aasiya]]. Wadankaan waxoo daris la yahay [[Badda Jabaan]], [[Shiinaha]], [[Koonfur Kuuriya]], [[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]] iyo [[Ruushka]]. Dad tiriskii laga qaaday jabaan 1920kii, waxee eheed 56 miliyan oo qoys, sanadka marka oo ahaa 2017 neh waxaa degenaa 126,960,000 oo qoys. [[File:Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg|thumb|right|397px|[[国会議事堂|"National Diet Building"]]]] [[File:Viewed from the Nakanoshima Festival Tower in 201510 002.JPG|398px|thumb|大阪市.]] [[File:Nissan.jpg|thumb|right|398px|Lo sièti sociau de Nissan a Tòquio]] [[File:Satellite View of Japan 1999.jpg|197px|left|thumb|[[Japanese archipelago]]As seen from Satellites.]]. [[File:Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group.svg|thumb|right|398px|三菱金融グループ.]]<BR/>[[file:Japan Exchange Group logo.svg|thumb|right|195px]] Jabaan waxee ka koobantahay 6,852 jasiiradoo, affarta ugu waa weyn oo boqolkiiba todobaatan daboolo dhulka jabaan waa [[Honshu]], [[Hokkaido]], [[Kyushu]] iyo [[Shikoku]]. Jabaaniiska waxee iskuugu wacaan (Nihon), luqadooda neh waxee dhahaan (Nihongo). Magaca Nibon micnaheeda waa jabaan laakiin waxee u adeegsadaan, lacagaha, bashqadaha iyo cayaaraha caalamka iyo wax la mid ah.Jabaan waxaa loo micneeyaa wadanka qoraxda ka soo baxdo, 日 (qorax) 本 (soo bax), markii hore jabaan waxaa loogu yeeri jiray magacyo badan, gaar ahaan wadanka ee taariikhda isla leeyihiin ee Shiinaha, waxee jabaan ugu yeeri jireen (yamato 大和). Erayga qorax ka soo baxa waxoo asal ahaan ka imaaday shiinaha, sababtoo ah jabaan waxee ka xigtaa dhinaca bariga markii la fiiriyo qaarad aasiya. Ereyga Japan ee Japan waa 日本, oo lagu magacaabo Nihon ama Nippon iyo macno ahaan waxa loola jeedaa "asalka qorraxda". Nichi dabeecadda (CH) macnaheedu waa "qorax" ama "maalin"; saldhigga macnihiisu waa "saldhig" ama "asal". [23] Sidaas daraadeed macneheedu waa "asalka qorraxda" waana ilaha caanka ah ee reer galbeedka caanka ah "Land of the Sun Rising=LAND OF THE SUN RISING".!!` [[File:Shibuya night.jpg|thumb|left|193px|Las carrèras japonesas que son sovent conhidas de monde: ací au quartièr de ''[[Shibuya]]'' a [[Tōkyō]]]][[File:2010Election at Higashi-Osaka.jpg|thumb|left|194px|Un burèu de vòte dens la prefectura d{{'}}Ōsaka]] [[File:The Tokyo Stock Exchange - main room 2.jpg|thumb|right|197px|]] [[File:Nissan Motor Corporation 2020 logo.svg|thumb|right|196px|]]<BR/>[[File:Meiji tenno1.jpg|thumb|right|197px|[[Emperor Meiji]](1868–1912)Imperial rule was[[Meiji Restoration|restored]]at the end of the[[Tokugawa shogunate]]]]<BR/>[[File:Katsuya-Roppongi.jpg|thumb|right|197px|]]<BR/>[[File:Panasonic logo.svg|thumb|right|198px| 89％ 日本企業.??!`]] Rikoodhkii ugu horreeyay ee magaca Nihon wuxuu ka muuqdaa taariikhda Shiinaha ee taariikhda ah ee hannaanka Tang, Book of Old Tang. Dhamaadkii qarnigii toddobaad, wafdi ka yimid Japan ayaa codsaday in Nihon loo isticmaalo magaca dalkooda. Magacani waxaa laga yaabaa in uu asal ahaan ka soo jeedo warqad loo diray 607 waxaana lagu diiwaan geliyay taariikhda rasmiga ah ee Suudiiste. Prince Shōtoku, Regent of Japan, ayaa u diray ergeyga Shiinaha warqad kaas oo uu ugu yeeray "Boqortooyada Dhulka ee Qorraxdu kacdo" (日 出处 天子). Farriinta ayaa yiri: "Halkan, waxaan ahay, Boqortooyada waddanka qorraxdu soo baxdo, u dir warqad si aad u aragto Boqortooyada dalka ee qorraxdu u eg tahay.!!!!!`byyye.!!` Qalinkii: Fadxi Garaad Jesus Greenford.!!` ==Visa Jabaan== <s>[[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]]</s> == Taariikh == [https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-100-most-valuable-brands-in-2021/] [https://www.rankingthebrands.com/The-Brand-Rankings.aspx?rankingID=33&nav=category] {{Dalalka Aasiya}} [[Category:Jabaan]] 9lchmtk4eyglfta6yc74cf4vqnenkk5 238376 238374 2022-07-21T01:56:06Z Mwasoge 29030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jabaan<br />''日本国'' |conventional_long_name = ''Nibon-koku'' |common_name = Jabaan |qaaradda = [[Aasiya]] |sawir_calan = Flag of Japan.svg |sawir_qaran = Imperial Seal of Japan.svg |image_map = Japan(orthographic projection)-Blue version.svg |astaan_calan = [[Kimigayo 君が代]] |image_map = Japan-location-cia.gif |caasimadda = [[Tokyo]] |luuqadaha = [[Af-Jabaniis, iyo luqado kale oo la tiri karin]] |caasimada = [[Tokyo]] |Dawladda = &nbsp; |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Emberor]] |Madaxweyne]] |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaare]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = [[Naruhito]] |magac_hogaamiye2 = [[Fumio Kishida]] |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = | GDP_PPP_year = 2017 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,998<ref name="IMF database 2018" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $4.998 trillion<ref name="IMF database 2018" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2017 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $30,998<ref name="IMF database 2018" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |area = 377,944 km2 |areami² = 145,925 |biyo = 0.8 |population_estimate = 127,380,000² |population_estimate_year = 2010 |lacagta = [[Yen]] |wakhti = (UTC+9) |furaha_debedda = 81 |footnote1 = }} [[File:Cartedujapon.png|right|398px|thumb|Carte du Japon]]<BR/>[[File:The Diet.jpg|thumb|right|398px| 日本国会.]] '''Jabaan''' ([[Af-Jabaaniis]]:日本: Nihon ama Nibon magaceeda oo dhameestiran: 日本国 :Nibon-koku ama Nihon-koku, waa wadan jasiirado ka sameesan, oo ku yaalo [[Badweynta Baasifik]] ee qaarada [[Aasiya]]. Wadankaan waxoo daris la yahay [[Badda Jabaan]], [[Shiinaha]], [[Koonfur Kuuriya]], [[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]] iyo [[Ruushka]]. Dad tiriskii laga qaaday jabaan 1920kii, waxee eheed 56 miliyan oo qoys, sanadka marka oo ahaa 2017 neh waxaa degenaa 126,960,000 oo qoys. [[File:Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg|thumb|right|397px|[[国会議事堂|"National Diet Building"]]]] [[File:Viewed from the Nakanoshima Festival Tower in 201510 002.JPG|398px|thumb|大阪市.]] [[File:Nissan.jpg|thumb|right|398px|Lo sièti sociau de Nissan a Tòquio]] [[File:Satellite View of Japan 1999.jpg|197px|left|thumb|[[Japanese archipelago]]As seen from Satellites.]]. [[File:Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group.svg|thumb|right|398px|三菱金融グループ.]]<BR/>[[file:Japan Exchange Group logo.svg|thumb|right|195px]] Jabaan waxee ka koobantahay 6,852 jasiiradoo, affarta ugu waa weyn oo boqolkiiba todobaatan daboolo dhulka jabaan waa [[Honshu]], [[Hokkaido]], [[Kyushu]] iyo [[Shikoku]]. Jabaaniiska waxee iskuugu wacaan (Nihon), luqadooda neh waxee dhahaan (Nihongo). Magaca Nibon micnaheeda waa jabaan laakiin waxee u adeegsadaan, lacagaha, bashqadaha iyo cayaaraha caalamka iyo wax la mid ah.Jabaan waxaa loo micneeyaa wadanka qoraxda ka soo baxdo, 日 (qorax) 本 (soo bax), markii hore jabaan waxaa loogu yeeri jiray magacyo badan, gaar ahaan wadanka ee taariikhda isla leeyihiin ee Shiinaha, waxee jabaan ugu yeeri jireen (yamato 大和). Erayga qorax ka soo baxa waxoo asal ahaan ka imaaday shiinaha, sababtoo ah jabaan waxee ka xigtaa dhinaca bariga markii la fiiriyo qaarad aasiya. Ereyga Japan ee Japan waa 日本, oo lagu magacaabo Nihon ama Nippon iyo macno ahaan waxa loola jeedaa "asalka qorraxda". Nichi dabeecadda (CH) macnaheedu waa "qorax" ama "maalin"; saldhigga macnihiisu waa "saldhig" ama "asal". [23] Sidaas daraadeed macneheedu waa "asalka qorraxda" waana ilaha caanka ah ee reer galbeedka caanka ah "Land of the Sun Rising=LAND OF THE SUN RISING".!!` [[File:Shibuya night.jpg|thumb|left|193px|Las carrèras japonesas que son sovent conhidas de monde: ací au quartièr de ''[[Shibuya]]'' a [[Tōkyō]]]][[File:2010Election at Higashi-Osaka.jpg|thumb|left|194px|Un burèu de vòte dens la prefectura d{{'}}Ōsaka]] [[File:The Tokyo Stock Exchange - main room 2.jpg|thumb|right|197px|]] [[File:Nissan Motor Corporation 2020 logo.svg|thumb|right|196px|]]<BR/>[[File:Meiji tenno1.jpg|thumb|right|197px|[[Emperor Meiji]](1868–1912) Imperial Ruler [[Meiji Restoration|restored]]<BR/>[[Tokugawa shogunate]]]]<BR/>[[File:Katsuya-Roppongi.jpg|thumb|right|197px|]]<BR/>[[File:Panasonic logo.svg|thumb|right|198px| 89％ 日本企業.??!`]] Rikoodhkii ugu horreeyay ee magaca Nihon wuxuu ka muuqdaa taariikhda Shiinaha ee taariikhda ah ee hannaanka Tang, Book of Old Tang. Dhamaadkii qarnigii toddobaad, wafdi ka yimid Japan ayaa codsaday in Nihon loo isticmaalo magaca dalkooda. Magacani waxaa laga yaabaa in uu asal ahaan ka soo jeedo warqad loo diray 607 waxaana lagu diiwaan geliyay taariikhda rasmiga ah ee Suudiiste. Prince Shōtoku, Regent of Japan, ayaa u diray ergeyga Shiinaha warqad kaas oo uu ugu yeeray "Boqortooyada Dhulka ee Qorraxdu kacdo" (日 出处 天子). Farriinta ayaa yiri: "Halkan, waxaan ahay, Boqortooyada waddanka qorraxdu soo baxdo, u dir warqad si aad u aragto Boqortooyada dalka ee qorraxdu u eg tahay.!!!!!`byyye.!!` Qalinkii: Fadxi Garaad Jesus Greenford.!!` ==Visa Jabaan== <s>[[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]]</s> == Taariikh == [https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-100-most-valuable-brands-in-2021/] [https://www.rankingthebrands.com/The-Brand-Rankings.aspx?rankingID=33&nav=category] {{Dalalka Aasiya}} [[Category:Jabaan]] lhgyloxjqxmntsg1atwcdckp8c8viw0 238377 238376 2022-07-21T02:12:25Z Mwasoge 29030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jabaan<br />''日本国'' |conventional_long_name = ''Nibon-koku'' |common_name = Jabaan |qaaradda = [[Aasiya]] |sawir_calan = Flag of Japan.svg |sawir_qaran = Imperial Seal of Japan.svg |image_map = Japan(orthographic projection)-Blue version.svg |astaan_calan = [[Kimigayo 君が代]] |image_map = Japan-location-cia.gif |caasimadda = [[Tokyo]] |luuqadaha = [[Af-Jabaniis, iyo luqado kale oo la tiri karin]] |caasimada = [[Tokyo]] |Dawladda = &nbsp; |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Emberor]] |Madaxweyne]] |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaare]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = [[Naruhito]] |magac_hogaamiye2 = [[Fumio Kishida]] |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = | GDP_PPP_year = 2017 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,998<ref name="IMF database 2018" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $4.998 trillion<ref name="IMF database 2018" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2017 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $30,998<ref name="IMF database 2018" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |area = 377,944 km2 |areami² = 145,925 |biyo = 0.8 |population_estimate = 127,380,000<sup>2</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2010 |lacagta = [[Yen]] |wakhti = (UTC+9) |furaha_debedda = 81 |footnote1 = }} [[File:Cartedujapon.png|right|398px|thumb|Carte du Japon]]<BR/>[[File:The Diet.jpg|thumb|right|398px| 日本国会.]] '''Jabaan''' ([[Af-Jabaaniis]]:日本: Nihon ama Nibon magaceeda oo dhameestiran: 日本国 :Nibon-koku ama Nihon-koku, waa wadan jasiirado ka sameesan, oo ku yaalo [[Badweynta Baasifik]] ee qaarada [[Aasiya]]. Wadankaan waxoo daris la yahay [[Badda Jabaan]], [[Shiinaha]], [[Koonfur Kuuriya]], [[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]] iyo [[Ruushka]]. Dad tiriskii laga qaaday jabaan 1920kii, waxee eheed 56 miliyan oo qoys, sanadka marka oo ahaa 2017 neh waxaa degenaa 126,960,000 oo qoys. [[File:Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg|thumb|right|397px|[[国会議事堂|"National Diet Building"]]]] [[File:Viewed from the Nakanoshima Festival Tower in 201510 002.JPG|398px|thumb|大阪市.]] [[File:Nissan.jpg|thumb|right|398px|Lo sièti sociau de Nissan a Tòquio]] [[File:Satellite View of Japan 1999.jpg|197px|left|thumb|[[Japanese archipelago]]As seen from Satellites.]]. [[File:Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group.svg|thumb|right|398px|三菱金融グループ.]]<BR/>[[file:Japan Exchange Group logo.svg|thumb|right|195px]] Jabaan waxee ka koobantahay 6,852 jasiiradoo, affarta ugu waa weyn oo boqolkiiba todobaatan daboolo dhulka jabaan waa [[Honshu]], [[Hokkaido]], [[Kyushu]] iyo [[Shikoku]]. Jabaaniiska waxee iskuugu wacaan (Nihon), luqadooda neh waxee dhahaan (Nihongo). Magaca Nibon micnaheeda waa jabaan laakiin waxee u adeegsadaan, lacagaha, bashqadaha iyo cayaaraha caalamka iyo wax la mid ah.Jabaan waxaa loo micneeyaa wadanka qoraxda ka soo baxdo, 日 (qorax) 本 (soo bax), markii hore jabaan waxaa loogu yeeri jiray magacyo badan, gaar ahaan wadanka ee taariikhda isla leeyihiin ee Shiinaha, waxee jabaan ugu yeeri jireen (yamato 大和). Erayga qorax ka soo baxa waxoo asal ahaan ka imaaday shiinaha, sababtoo ah jabaan waxee ka xigtaa dhinaca bariga markii la fiiriyo qaarad aasiya. Ereyga Japan ee Japan waa 日本, oo lagu magacaabo Nihon ama Nippon iyo macno ahaan waxa loola jeedaa "asalka qorraxda". Nichi dabeecadda (CH) macnaheedu waa "qorax" ama "maalin"; saldhigga macnihiisu waa "saldhig" ama "asal". [23] Sidaas daraadeed macneheedu waa "asalka qorraxda" waana ilaha caanka ah ee reer galbeedka caanka ah "Land of the Sun Rising=LAND OF THE SUN RISING".!!` [[File:Shibuya night.jpg|thumb|left|193px|Las carrèras japonesas que son sovent conhidas de monde: ací au quartièr de ''[[Shibuya]]'' a [[Tōkyō]]]][[File:2010Election at Higashi-Osaka.jpg|thumb|left|194px|Un burèu de vòte dens la prefectura d{{'}}Ōsaka]] [[File:The Tokyo Stock Exchange - main room 2.jpg|thumb|right|197px|]] [[File:Nissan Motor Corporation 2020 logo.svg|thumb|right|196px|]]<BR/>[[File:Meiji tenno1.jpg|thumb|right|197px|[[Emperor Meiji]](1868–1912) Imperial Ruler [[Meiji Restoration|restored]]<BR/>[[Tokugawa shogunate]]]]<BR/>[[File:Katsuya-Roppongi.jpg|thumb|right|197px|]]<BR/>[[File:Panasonic logo.svg|thumb|right|198px| 89％ 日本企業.??!`]] Rikoodhkii ugu horreeyay ee magaca Nihon wuxuu ka muuqdaa taariikhda Shiinaha ee taariikhda ah ee hannaanka Tang, Book of Old Tang. Dhamaadkii qarnigii toddobaad, wafdi ka yimid Japan ayaa codsaday in Nihon loo isticmaalo magaca dalkooda. Magacani waxaa laga yaabaa in uu asal ahaan ka soo jeedo warqad loo diray 607 waxaana lagu diiwaan geliyay taariikhda rasmiga ah ee Suudiiste. Prince Shōtoku, Regent of Japan, ayaa u diray ergeyga Shiinaha warqad kaas oo uu ugu yeeray "Boqortooyada Dhulka ee Qorraxdu kacdo" (日 出处 天子). Farriinta ayaa yiri: "Halkan, waxaan ahay, Boqortooyada waddanka qorraxdu soo baxdo, u dir warqad si aad u aragto Boqortooyada dalka ee qorraxdu u eg tahay.!!!!!`byyye.!!` Qalinkii: Fadxi Garaad Jesus Greenford.!!` ==Visa Jabaan== <s>[[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]]</s> == Taariikh == [ [https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-100-most-valuable-brands-in-2021/] [https://www.rankingthebrands.com/The-Brand-Rankings.aspx?rankingID=33&nav=category] [https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-sort=ASC&filter-brand-region=&filter-brand-country=japan] {{Dalalka Aasiya}} [[Category:Jabaan]] kbos2vdpcvex19cpbrht0y747v7c8nr 0 2114 238380 237213 2022-07-21T04:24:49Z 65.95.43.64 /* Xubin */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Ruushka Fedaraalka ah | common_name = Ruushka | linking_name = Ruushka | native_name = Ruushka Fedaraalka ah | image_flag = Flag of Russia.svg | image_coat = | national_anthem = <br>{{nowrap|"[[Heesta qaranka Ruushka|Государственный гимн Российской Федерации]]"}}<br />''"Gosudarstvennyy gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii"''<br />{{small|"Heesta qaranka Ruushka Fedaraalka ah"}}<br /> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:National Anthem of Russia (2000), instrumental, one verse.ogg|center]]</div><!-- Please do not replace this with the vocal version. In order to keep continuity with other Wikipedia pages on modern countries, the instrumental version should be used. --> | image_map = Russian Federation (orthographic projection) - only Crimea disputed.svg | map_width = 220px | map_caption = Goobta ee Ruushka ku taalo oo ay ka midtahay [[Jamhuuriyadda Krimea|Krimea]] cagaar biyobiyo{{Efn|[[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|Russian-annexed]] [[Crimea]], is still [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262|internationally recognized]] as part of [[Ukraine]] that is<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=3xbUDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT161 The Territories of the Russian Federation 2020, Routledge, Republic of Crimea: Note: The territories of the Crimean peninsula, comprising Sevastopol City and the Republic of Crimea, remained internationally recognized as constituting part of Ukraine, following their annexation by Russia in March 2014.]</ref> shown in light green.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/03/22/crimea-has-joined-the-ranks-of-the-worlds-gray-areas-here-are-the-others-on-that-list/ Taylor Adam, Crimea has joined the ranks of the world's 'gray areas.' Here are the others on that list. The Washington Post, 22 March 2014]</ref>}} | capital = [[Moscow]] | coordinates = {{Coord|55|45|N|37|37|E|type:city}} | largest_city = Caasimada | languages_type = Luqada rasmiga<br /> {{nobold|iyo luqada qaranka}} | languages = [[Luqada ruushka|Ruush]]<ref>[http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-04.htm The Constitution of the Russian Federation - Chapter 3. The Federal Structure, Article 68 constitution.ru 22 April 2015]</ref> | languages2_type = {{nobold|La aqoonsaday}} {{nowrap|[[Luqadaha qaranka]]}} | languages2 = Fiiri [[Luqadaha ruushka]] | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 80.9% [[Ruush]] | 3.9% [[Tatars|Tatar]] | 1.4% [[Ukrainiyaasha ruushka|Ukrain]] | 1.1% [[Bashkirs|Bashkir]] | 1.0% [[Chuvash people|Chuvash]] | 1.0% [[Chechens|Chechen]] | 10.7% [[Qoomiyadaha ruushka|kuwa kale]] }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2010 | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120118212344/http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/result-december-2011.ppt ВПН-2010 perepis-2010.ru]</ref> | demonym = [[Ruush]] | government_type = [[Federaal#Ruushka federaalka ah|Federal]] [[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] [[constitutional republic]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxweynaha Ruushkaa|Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = [[Vladimir Putin]] | leader_title2 = [[Raiisul wasaaraha Ruushka|Raiisul wasaare]] | leader_name2 = [[Mikhail Mishustin]] | leader_title3 = [[Gudoomiyaha Golaha Xiriirka (Ruushka)|Afhayeenka<br>Golaha federaalka]] | leader_name3 = [[Valentina Matviyenko]] | leader_title4 = [[Gudoomiyaha Gobolka Duma|Afhayeenka<br>Gobolka Duma]] | leader_name4 = [[Vyacheslav Volodin]] | leader_title5 = [[Maxkamadda Sare ee Ruushka|Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare]] | leader_name5 = [[Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Lebedev|Vyacheslav Lebedev]] | legislature = [[Golaha Federaalka (Ruushka)|Golaha Federaalka]] | upper_house = [[Golaha Xiriirka (Ruushka)|Golaha Xiriirka]] | lower_house = [[Gobolka Duma]] | sovereignty_type = [[Taariikhda Ruushka|Sameynta]] | established_event1 = [[Taariikhda Aasaasiga ah|Novgorod built]] | established_date1 = {{circa|862}} | established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[Kievan Rus']]}} | established_date2 = 879 | established_event3 = [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Duchy of Moscow]] | established_date3 = 1283 | established_event4 = [[Tsardom of Russia]] | established_date4 = 16 January 1547 | established_event5 = [[Russian Empire]] | established_date5 = 2 November 1721 | established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[February Revolution|Monarchy abolished]]}} | established_date6 = 15 March 1917 | established_event7 = {{nowrap|[[Belovezha Accords|Russian Federation]]}} | established_date7 = 12 December 1991 | established_event8 = [[Constitution of Russia|Current constitution]] | established_date8 = 12 December 1993 | established_event9 = [[Republic of Crimea|Siyaasadii ugu dambeysay]] [[Darsananka Crimea ee Ruushka federaalka ah|qirtay]] | established_date9 = 18 March 2014 | established_event10 = {{nowrap|[[2020 wax ka beddelka dastuurka ee Ruushka|Wax ka beddelka ugu dambeeyay]]}} | established_date10 = 4 July 2020 | area_km2 = 17098246 | area_footnote = <ref>[https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publications/pocketbook/files/world-stats-pocketbook-2016.pdf#page=182 World Statistics Pocketbook 2016 edition, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Statistics Division 24 April 2018]</ref> (without Crimea){{efn|name="Areanote"|When including the [[Republic of Crimea]] and [[Sevastopol]], the total area of Russia rises to {{convinfobox|17125191|km2||sqmi}}<ref>[https://rosreestr.ru/upload/Doc/18-upr/Сведения%20по%20ф.22%20за%202016%20год%20(по%20субъектам%20РФ)_на%20сайт.doc Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 1 January 2017 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации) Information about availability and distribution of land in the Russian Federation as of 1 January 2017 (by federal subjects of Russia), Rosreestr]</ref>}} | area_rank = 1st | percent_water = 13<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110728064121/http://www.gks.ru/scripts/free/1c.exe?XXXX09F.2.1%2F010000R Federal State Statistics Service 5 April 2008]</ref>&nbsp;{{small|(including swamps)}} | population_estimate = {{plainlist| * {{steady}}<!-- DO NOT change to {{decrease}}, because measured relative to earlier this year --> 146,751,300 * {{nowrap|{{small|(including [[Crimea]])}}<ref>[https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/population-by-country.htm Оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2020 года и в среднем за 2019 год Estimated population as of 1 January 2020 and on the average for 2019 Russian Federal State Statistics Service]</ref>}} * 144,386,830 * {{small|(excluding [[Crimea]])}}}} | population_estimate_year = 2020 (December)<ref>www.nationsonline.org</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2022 | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $28,184 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 50th | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $1.802 trillion | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_rank = 11th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $11,601 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 61st | Gini = 37.5 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2018 | Gini_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=RU GINI index (World Bank estimate) – Russian Federation World Bank 22 March 2020]</ref> | Gini_rank = 98th | HDI = 0.824<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref>[http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf Human Development Report 2020 United Nations Development Programme]</ref> | HDI_rank = 52nd | currency = [[Russian ruble]] ([[Ruble sign|₽]]) | currency_code = RUB | electricity = [[Mains electricity by country|230 V–50 Hz]] | utc_offset = +2 to +12 | date_format = dd.mm.yyyy | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Russia|+7]] | cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.ru]] |[[.su]] |[[.рф]]}} | religion_year = 2017 | religion_ref = <ref>[http://www.pewforum.org/2017/05/10/religious-affiliation/ Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe 10 May 2017 Pew Research Center 9 September 2017]</ref> | religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |73% [[Christianity in Russia|Christianity]] |—70% [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]] |—3% Other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]] |15% [[Irreligion in Russia|No religion]] |10% [[Islam in Russia|Islam]] |2% [[Religion in Russia|Other]]s}} | today = }} '''Ruushka''' ({{Lang-ru|Россия}}) ama '''Ruushka Fedaraalka ah''' waa waddan ku fidsan qaaradaha Bariga Yurub iyo Waqooyiga Aasiya. Dalku wuxuu ku fidsan yahay laga bilaabo [[Badda Baltic]] ee galbeedka illaa [[Badweynta Baasifiga]] ee bariga, iyo [[Badweynta Arktik]] ee woqooyiga ilaa [[Badda Madoow]] iyo [[Badda Caspian]] ee koonfurta. Ruushka wuxuu daboolayaa 17,125,191 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran (6,612,073 sq mi), oo u dhigma in ka badan sideed meelood meel dhulka la deggan yahay, wuxuu ku fidsanyahay kow iyo toban soonayaasha waqtiga, wuxuuna xuduud la leeyahay 16 dal oo madaxbanaan. [[Moscow]] waa caasimada dalka waana magaalada ugu weyn; magaalooyinka kale ee waaweyn waxaa ka mid ah [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Novosibirsk]], [[Yekaterinburg]], [[Kazan]], [[Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Chelyabinsk]] iyo [[Samara]]. Ruushka waa wadanka ugu weyn aduunka, waa wadanka sagaalaad ee ugu dadka badan, sidoo kale waa wadanka ugu dadka badan [[Yurub]]. Waddanku wuxuu ka midyahay kuwa ugu shacabka tirada yar caalamka marka loo fiiriyo baaxada dalka. Qiyaastii kalabar guud ahaan dalka waa dhul duur, waxaana ku nool afar meelood meel tirada guud ee dadkeeda oo ka badan 146.7 milyan. Ruushka wuxuu maamul ahaan u qaybsan yahay 85 qaybood oo federaal ah. Magaalada caasimada ah ee Moscow waa magaalada ugu weyn yurub iyo nawaaxigeeda, waxayna ka midtahay kuwa ugu waaweyn adduunka , oo in ka badan 20 milyan ay deggan yihiin. Ruushka waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu yahay dal awood leh , oo leh ciidanka labaad ee ugu awooda badan aduunka, iyo kan afaraad ee ugu qarashka militariga sareeya. Maaddaama ay tahay dowlad hub nukliyeer oo la aqoonsan yahay, waddanku wuxuu leeyahay keydka hubka adduunka ugu weyn. Dhaqaalaha dalka wuxuu ku jiraa kaalinta kow iyo tobnaad ee ugu weyn dunida oo dhan marka loo eego GDP iyo kan lixaad ee ugu weyn marka loo eego PPP. Kheyraadka ballaaran ee Ruushka laga helo macdanta iyo tamarta ayaa ah kan ugu weyn adduunka, taasoo ka dhigeysa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu horreeya soo saarista saliidda iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah ee adduunka. Ruushka waxay martigalisay tirada sagaalaad ee adduunka ugu tirada badan ee UNESCO [[Goobta Dhaxalka Adduunka|Goobaha Dhaxalka Adduunka]], isla mar ahaantaana lagu qiimeeyo heer aad u sarreeya ee Heerka Horumarinta Biniaadamka. Ruushka waxay leedahay nidaam daryeel caafimaad oo caalami ah iyo waxbarasho jaamacadeed oo bilaash ah. Waa xubin joogto ka ah [[Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay]], xubin ka ah [[SCO]], [[G20]], [[Golaha Yurub]], [[APEC]], [[OSCE]], [[IIB]] iyo [[WTO]], iyo sidoo kale inay xubin ka tahay hoggaanka [[CIS]], the [[CSTO]] iyo xubin ka tirsan [[EAEU]]. Mas'uuliyiinta Ruushku waxay kordhiyeen ololahooda argagaxa leh ee ka dhanka ah Markhaatiyaasha Yehowah, iyagoo xiray oo xabsi geliyey inay ku dhaqmeen caqiidadooda.<ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/news/legal/by-region/russia/jehovahs-witnesses-in-prison/ Imprisoned for Their Faith]</ref> Mas'uuliyiinta Yurub waxay cambaareeyeen silcinta Markhaatiyaasha Yehowah ee Russia<ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/news/jw/region/russia/European-Authorities-Condemn-Persecution-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses-in-Russia/ European Authorities Condemn Persecution of Jehovah’s Witnesses in Russia]</ref>. [[File:Bib-Lenina-mm.jpg|thumb|right|450px|{{Flag|Russia}}]] [[File:Business_Centre_of_Moscow_2.jpg|thumb|right|450px|{{Flag|Russia}}]] [[File:Chicken_Kiev_-_Ukrainian_East_Village_restaurant.jpg|thumb|right|450px|cuunto russia]] [[File:Sukhoi_Design_Bureau,_054,_Sukhoi_Su-57_(49581306507).jpg|thumb|right|450px|]] [[File:Rosseti_logo.png|thumb|right|300px|]] ==Xubin== * [[IMF]] * * [[Bsec]] * * [[AIIB]] * * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * * * [[Kooxda Labaatanka]] * * * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * * * ==Kofka degaan waddanamha Russka== * {{Flag|United States}} 2500+ * {{Flag|China}} 500+ * {{Flag|Germany}} 1000+ * {{Flag|Italy}} 100+ * {{flag|Somaliland}} 300'000+ * {{Flag|Turkey}} 1000+ * {{Flag|Iraq}} 2000+ ==Taariikh== ==Sido Kale fiiri== * [[Hawlgalka Woqooyi]] * [[Roma (qaran)]] * [[Macarios]] * [[Dennis Ole Christensen]] {{Dalalka Yurub}} [[category:ruushka]] 1rg4zn29d2pmt7wnjj4tjdt4fb4gu76 238383 238380 2022-07-21T04:56:32Z 65.95.43.64 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Ruushka Fedaraalka ah | common_name = Ruushka | linking_name = Ruushka | native_name = Ruushka Fedaraalka ah | image_flag = Flag of Russia.svg | image_coat = | national_anthem = <br>{{nowrap|"[[Heesta qaranka Ruushka|Государственный гимн Российской Федерации]]"}}<br />''"Gosudarstvennyy gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii"''<br />{{small|"Heesta qaranka Ruushka Fedaraalka ah"}}<br /> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:National Anthem of Russia (2000), instrumental, one verse.ogg|center]]</div><!-- Please do not replace this with the vocal version. In order to keep continuity with other Wikipedia pages on modern countries, the instrumental version should be used. --> | image_map = Russian Federation (orthographic projection) - only Crimea disputed.svg | map_width = 220px | map_caption = Goobta ee Ruushka ku taalo oo ay ka midtahay [[Jamhuuriyadda Krimea|Krimea]] cagaar biyobiyo{{Efn|[[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|Russian-annexed]] [[Crimea]], is still [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262|internationally recognized]] as part of [[Ukraine]] that is<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=3xbUDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT161 The Territories of the Russian Federation 2020, Routledge, Republic of Crimea: Note: The territories of the Crimean peninsula, comprising Sevastopol City and the Republic of Crimea, remained internationally recognized as constituting part of Ukraine, following their annexation by Russia in March 2014.]</ref> shown in light green.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/03/22/crimea-has-joined-the-ranks-of-the-worlds-gray-areas-here-are-the-others-on-that-list/ Taylor Adam, Crimea has joined the ranks of the world's 'gray areas.' Here are the others on that list. The Washington Post, 22 March 2014]</ref>}} | capital = [[Moscow]] | coordinates = {{Coord|55|45|N|37|37|E|type:city}} | largest_city = Caasimada | languages_type = Luqada rasmiga<br /> {{nobold|iyo luqada qaranka}} | languages = [[Luqada ruushka|Ruush]]<ref>[http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-04.htm The Constitution of the Russian Federation - Chapter 3. The Federal Structure, Article 68 constitution.ru 22 April 2015]</ref> | languages2_type = {{nobold|La aqoonsaday}} {{nowrap|[[Luqadaha qaranka]]}} | languages2 = Fiiri [[Luqadaha ruushka]] | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 80.9% [[Ruush]] | 3.9% [[Tatars|Tatar]] | 1.4% [[Ukrainiyaasha ruushka|Ukrain]] | 1.1% [[Bashkirs|Bashkir]] | 1.0% [[Chuvash people|Chuvash]] | 1.0% [[Chechens|Chechen]] | 10.7% [[Qoomiyadaha ruushka|kuwa kale]] }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2010 | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120118212344/http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/result-december-2011.ppt ВПН-2010 perepis-2010.ru]</ref> | demonym = [[Ruush]] | government_type = [[Federaal#Ruushka federaalka ah|Federal]] [[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] [[constitutional republic]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxweynaha Ruushkaa|Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = [[Vladimir Putin]] | leader_title2 = [[Raiisul wasaaraha Ruushka|Raiisul wasaare]] | leader_name2 = [[Mikhail Mishustin]] | leader_title3 = [[Gudoomiyaha Golaha Xiriirka (Ruushka)|Afhayeenka<br>Golaha federaalka]] | leader_name3 = [[Valentina Matviyenko]] | leader_title4 = [[Gudoomiyaha Gobolka Duma|Afhayeenka<br>Gobolka Duma]] | leader_name4 = [[Vyacheslav Volodin]] | leader_title5 = [[Maxkamadda Sare ee Ruushka|Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare]] | leader_name5 = [[Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Lebedev|Vyacheslav Lebedev]] | legislature = [[Golaha Federaalka (Ruushka)|Golaha Federaalka]] | upper_house = [[Golaha Xiriirka (Ruushka)|Golaha Xiriirka]] | lower_house = [[Gobolka Duma]] | sovereignty_type = [[Taariikhda Ruushka|Sameynta]] | established_event1 = [[Taariikhda Aasaasiga ah|Novgorod built]] | established_date1 = {{circa|862}} | established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[Kievan Rus']]}} | established_date2 = 879 | established_event3 = [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Duchy of Moscow]] | established_date3 = 1283 | established_event4 = [[Tsardom of Russia]] | established_date4 = 16 January 1547 | established_event5 = [[Russian Empire]] | established_date5 = 2 November 1721 | established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[February Revolution|Monarchy abolished]]}} | established_date6 = 15 March 1917 | established_event7 = {{nowrap|[[Belovezha Accords|Russian Federation]]}} | established_date7 = 12 December 1991 | established_event8 = [[Constitution of Russia|Current constitution]] | established_date8 = 12 December 1993 | established_event9 = [[Republic of Crimea|Siyaasadii ugu dambeysay]] [[Darsananka Crimea ee Ruushka federaalka ah|qirtay]] | established_date9 = 18 March 2014 | established_event10 = {{nowrap|[[2020 wax ka beddelka dastuurka ee Ruushka|Wax ka beddelka ugu dambeeyay]]}} | established_date10 = 4 July 2020 | area_km2 = 17098246 | area_footnote = <ref>[https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publications/pocketbook/files/world-stats-pocketbook-2016.pdf#page=182 World Statistics Pocketbook 2016 edition, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Statistics Division 24 April 2018]</ref> (without Crimea){{efn|name="Areanote"|When including the [[Republic of Crimea]] and [[Sevastopol]], the total area of Russia rises to {{convinfobox|17125191|km2||sqmi}}<ref>[https://rosreestr.ru/upload/Doc/18-upr/Сведения%20по%20ф.22%20за%202016%20год%20(по%20субъектам%20РФ)_на%20сайт.doc Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 1 January 2017 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации) Information about availability and distribution of land in the Russian Federation as of 1 January 2017 (by federal subjects of Russia), Rosreestr]</ref>}} | area_rank = 1st | percent_water = 13<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110728064121/http://www.gks.ru/scripts/free/1c.exe?XXXX09F.2.1%2F010000R Federal State Statistics Service 5 April 2008]</ref>&nbsp;{{small|(including swamps)}} | population_estimate = {{plainlist| * {{steady}}<!-- DO NOT change to {{decrease}}, because measured relative to earlier this year --> 146,751,300 * {{nowrap|{{small|(including [[Crimea]])}}<ref>[https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/population-by-country.htm Оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2020 года и в среднем за 2019 год Estimated population as of 1 January 2020 and on the average for 2019 Russian Federal State Statistics Service]</ref>}} * 144,386,830 * {{small|(excluding [[Crimea]])}}}} | population_estimate_year = 2020 (December)<ref>www.nationsonline.org</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2022 | GDP_PPP_rank = 6th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $28,184 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 50th | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $1.802 trillion | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_rank = 11th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $11,601 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 61st | Gini = 37.5 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2018 | Gini_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=RU GINI index (World Bank estimate) – Russian Federation World Bank 22 March 2020]</ref> | Gini_rank = 98th | HDI = 0.824<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref>[http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf Human Development Report 2020 United Nations Development Programme]</ref> | HDI_rank = 52nd | currency = [[Russian ruble]] ([[Ruble sign|₽]]) | currency_code = RUB | electricity = [[Mains electricity by country|230 V–50 Hz]] | utc_offset = +2 to +12 | date_format = dd.mm.yyyy | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Russia|+7]] | cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.ru]] |[[.su]] |[[.рф]]}} | religion_year = 2017 | religion_ref = <ref>[http://www.pewforum.org/2017/05/10/religious-affiliation/ Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe 10 May 2017 Pew Research Center 9 September 2017]</ref> | religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |73% [[Christianity in Russia|Christianity]] |—70% [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]] |—3% Other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]] |15% [[Irreligion in Russia|No religion]] |10% [[Islam in Russia|Islam]] |2% [[Religion in Russia|Other]]s}} | today = }} '''Ruushka''' ({{Lang-ru|Россия}}) ama '''Ruushka Fedaraalka ah''' waa waddan ku fidsan qaaradaha Bariga Yurub iyo Waqooyiga Aasiya. Dalku wuxuu ku fidsan yahay laga bilaabo [[Badda Baltic]] ee galbeedka illaa [[Badweynta Baasifiga]] ee bariga, iyo [[Badweynta Arktik]] ee woqooyiga ilaa [[Badda Madoow]] iyo [[Badda Caspian]] ee koonfurta. Ruushka wuxuu daboolayaa 17,125,191 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran (6,612,073 sq mi), oo u dhigma in ka badan sideed meelood meel dhulka la deggan yahay, wuxuu ku fidsanyahay kow iyo toban soonayaasha waqtiga, wuxuuna xuduud la leeyahay 16 dal oo madaxbanaan. [[Moscow]] waa caasimada dalka waana magaalada ugu weyn; magaalooyinka kale ee waaweyn waxaa ka mid ah [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Novosibirsk]], [[Yekaterinburg]], [[Kazan]], [[Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Chelyabinsk]] iyo [[Samara]]. Ruushka waa wadanka ugu weyn aduunka, waa wadanka sagaalaad ee ugu dadka badan, sidoo kale waa wadanka ugu dadka badan [[Yurub]]. Waddanku wuxuu ka midyahay kuwa ugu shacabka tirada yar caalamka marka loo fiiriyo baaxada dalka. Qiyaastii kalabar guud ahaan dalka waa dhul duur, waxaana ku nool afar meelood meel tirada guud ee dadkeeda oo ka badan 146.7 milyan. Ruushka wuxuu maamul ahaan u qaybsan yahay 85 qaybood oo federaal ah. Magaalada caasimada ah ee Moscow waa magaalada ugu weyn yurub iyo nawaaxigeeda, waxayna ka midtahay kuwa ugu waaweyn adduunka , oo in ka badan 20 milyan ay deggan yihiin. Ruushka waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu yahay dal awood leh , oo leh ciidanka labaad ee ugu awooda badan aduunka, iyo kan afaraad ee ugu qarashka militariga sareeya. Maaddaama ay tahay dowlad hub nukliyeer oo la aqoonsan yahay, waddanku wuxuu leeyahay keydka hubka adduunka ugu weyn. Dhaqaalaha dalka wuxuu ku jiraa kaalinta kow iyo tobnaad ee ugu weyn dunida oo dhan marka loo eego GDP iyo kan lixaad ee ugu weyn marka loo eego PPP. Kheyraadka ballaaran ee Ruushka laga helo macdanta iyo tamarta ayaa ah kan ugu weyn adduunka, taasoo ka dhigeysa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu horreeya soo saarista saliidda iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah ee adduunka. Ruushka waxay martigalisay tirada sagaalaad ee adduunka ugu tirada badan ee UNESCO [[Goobta Dhaxalka Adduunka|Goobaha Dhaxalka Adduunka]], isla mar ahaantaana lagu qiimeeyo heer aad u sarreeya ee Heerka Horumarinta Biniaadamka. Ruushka waxay leedahay nidaam daryeel caafimaad oo caalami ah iyo waxbarasho jaamacadeed oo bilaash ah. Waa xubin joogto ka ah [[Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay]], xubin ka ah [[SCO]], [[G20]], [[Golaha Yurub]], [[APEC]], [[OSCE]], [[IIB]] iyo [[WTO]], iyo sidoo kale inay xubin ka tahay hoggaanka [[CIS]], the [[CSTO]] iyo xubin ka tirsan [[EAEU]]. Mas'uuliyiinta Ruushku waxay kordhiyeen ololahooda argagaxa leh ee ka dhanka ah Markhaatiyaasha Yehowah, iyagoo xiray oo xabsi geliyey inay ku dhaqmeen caqiidadooda.<ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/news/legal/by-region/russia/jehovahs-witnesses-in-prison/ Imprisoned for Their Faith]</ref> Mas'uuliyiinta Yurub waxay cambaareeyeen silcinta Markhaatiyaasha Yehowah ee Russia<ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/news/jw/region/russia/European-Authorities-Condemn-Persecution-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses-in-Russia/ European Authorities Condemn Persecution of Jehovah’s Witnesses in Russia]</Ref>. [[File:Bib-Lenina-mm.jpg|thumb|right|194px|{{Flag|Russia}}]] [[File:Business_Centre_of_Moscow_2.jpg|thumb|right|195px|{{Flag|Russia}}]] [[File:Chicken_Kiev_-_Ukrainian_East_Village_restaurant.jpg|thumb|right|196px|cuunto russia]] [[File:Sukhoi_Design_Bureau,_054,_Sukhoi_Su-57_(49581306507).jpg|thumb|right|197px|]] ==Xubin== * [[IMF]] * * [[Bsec]] * * [[AIIB]] * * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * * * [[Kooxda Labaatanka]] * * * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * * * ==Kofka degaan waddanamha Russka== * {{Flag|United States}} 2500+ * {{Flag|China}} 500+ * {{Flag|Germany}} 1000+ * {{Flag|Italy}} 100+ * {{flag|Somaliland}} 300'000+ * {{Flag|Turkey}} 1000+ * {{Flag|Iraq}} 2000+ ==Taariikh== ==Sido Kale fiiri== * [[Hawlgalka Woqooyi]] * [[Roma (qaran)]] * [[Macarios]] * [[Dennis Ole Christensen]] {{Dalalka Yurub}} [[category:ruushka]] 7p1hxvducxuu3qfc2rihz0b767id90m 0 2399 238405 154848 2022-07-21T11:22:57Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:A day panorama - digital art.jpg|thumbnail|Marka [[Qorax]]da soo baxdo iyada oona dhamaata marka ay qoraxdu dhacdo.]] '''Maalin''' ({{lang-en|day}}) waa cabir ka mid ah [[Halbeeg|halbeega wakhtiga]] oo ah [[wakhti]]ga [[Qorax|ileyska qoraxdu]] dul joogo [[Qolof dhul|oogada]] sare ee [[Dhul]]ka. Sidoo kale marka la fiirinayo [[Kalandar|kalandarka maalmaha]] ''Maalin'' waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[Saac|24 saacadood]] taas oo lagu xisaabinayo [[Habeen|wakhtiga habeenkii]]. [[Kalandar]]ka [[Islaamka]] maalintiisa waxay bilaabataa [[Qorax]] soo bax iyada oona dhamaata marka ay qoraxdu dhacdo, dhanka sanadka miilladigana maalinta ay isbedesho habeen barkii. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Dharaar]] * [[Galab]] * [[Habeen]] * [[Saq Dhexe]] * [[Barqo]] * [[Aroor]]<br> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Gumud}} {{Qeybaha maalinta}} [[Category:Halbeeg]] [[Category:Wakhti]] [[Category:Kalandar]] 1jbcsce0j6ioqcnulnat22ua7tpx8o4 0 2937 238342 237947 2022-07-20T15:28:55Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|15|N|48|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Yemen | native_name = {{big|الجُمهورية اليَمَنية}}<br />''{{transl|ar|DIN-31635|al-Jumhūriyyah al-Yamaniyyah}}'' | common_name = Yemen | image_flag = Flag of Yemen.svg | image_coat = | symbol_type = Emblem | image_map = Yemen (orthographic projection).svg | national_motto = <div style="line-height:1.45em;white-space:nowrap;">{{native phrase|ar|{{lower|0.1em|{{big|الله, الوَطَن, الثَورة, الوَحدة}}}}|italics=off}}<br />{{transl|ar|DIN-31635|"Allāh, al-Waṭan, aṯ-Ṯawrah, al-Waḥdah"}}<br />{{small|"God, Country, Revolution, Unity"}}</div> | national_anthem = <div style="line-height:1.45em;white-space:nowrap;">{{native name|ar|{{lower|0.1em|{{big|نشيد اليمن الوطني}}}}|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br />''[[National anthem of Yemen|Nashīd al-Yaman al-waṭanī]]''<br />{{small|''United Republic''}}<br /><center>[[File:United States Navy Band - United Republic.ogg]]</center> | official_languages = [[Carabi]] | demonym = [[Yemeni (disambiguation)|Yemeni]] | capital = [[Sana'a]] | government_type = {{nowrap|Xukun mid ah, jamhuuriyad}} | leader_title1 = [[Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = [[Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi]] | leader_title2 = Raysulwasaare | leader_name2 = [[Mohammed Basindawa]] | legislature = {{nowrap|Aqalka wakiilada Baarlamaanka}} | area_rank = 50th | area_magnitude = 1 E8 | area_km2 = 527,829 | area_sq_mi = 203,796 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = negligible | population_estimate = 23,833,000<ref name=yearbook2011>{{cite web|title=Statistical Yearbook 2011|url=http://www.cso-yemen.org/publiction/yearbook2011/population.xls|publisher=Central Statistical Organisation|accessdate=24 February 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=9 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009023840/http://www.cso-yemen.org/publiction/yearbook2011/population.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_estimate_rank = 96th | population_census = 19,685,000<ref name=yearbook2011/> | population_census_year = 2004 | population_density_km2 = 44.7 | population_density_sq_mi = 115.7 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 160th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP = $57.966 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=62&pr.y=1&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=474&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |title=Yemen |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=24 April 2012}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,306<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $28.675 billion<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,340<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2011 <!--Please use the year to which the HDI data refers, not the year of its publication--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.462 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref =<ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Complete.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2011 |publisher=The United Nations |accessdate=18 October 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 154th | FSI = {{nowrap|93.2 {{decrease}} 3.4}} | FSI_year = 2007 | FSI_rank = 24th | FSI_category = <span style="color:#f00;white-space:nowrap;">Alert</span> | sovereignty_type = Establishment | established_event1 = [[North Yemen]] independence from the [[Ottoman Empire]]^a | established_date1 = <br />1 November 1918 | established_event2 = [[South Yemen]] independence^b | established_date2 = <br />30 November 1967 | established_event3 = [[Yemeni unification|Unification]] | established_date3 = 22 May 1990 | currency = [[Yemeni rial]] | currency_code = YER | country_code = YEM | time_zone = | utc_offset = +3 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | drives_on = right<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newssafety.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=28&Itemid=100385 |title=Yemen |publisher=International News Safety Institute |accessdate=14 October 2009}}</ref> | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Yemen|+967]] | cctld = [[.ye]] | footnote_a = From the [[Ottoman Empire]]. | footnote_b = From the [[United Kingdom]]. }} '''Yemen''' [[Af-Carabi]] اليَمَن ama '''Jamhuuriyadda Yemen''' waa wadan ku yaalo [[Bariga Dhexe]]. Yemen waxee xuduud la leedahay wadamada [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo ka xigta [[Woqooyi]]ga iyo [[Galbeed]]ka xeebta [[Baddacas]], iyo [[Cumaan]] oo ka xigta [[Bari]]ga, Dhinaca [[Koonfur]]ta waxaa ka xiga [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] iyo [[Bada Carabeed]], dhinaca [[Galbeed]]ka neh waxaa ka xiga [[Bada Cas]], wadanka caasimadiisa waa [[Sanca]].wadanka Yemen waa wadanka kaliya ee Bariga dhexe oo isticmaalo Jamhuuriyad. yemen waa wadan aad u duqsan waxaana aad looga caabudaa diinta islaamka, dhinaca dhaqaalaha yemen uma taajirsano sida wadamada kale ee carabta, wadanka waxoo leeyahy shidaal iyo saliid, laakiin wax soo saarkooda aad ayoo u yaryahay. ==Xubin== * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] (baarlimentka waziirada Jaamacada Carabta). ==Waddanmaha la Degaan Yemen== * {{Flag|Palestine}} 24,000+ * {{flag|Arab League}} 126,000+ * {{Flag|Eritrea}} 24,000+ * {{Flag|Somalia}} 400,000+ * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 14,000+ == Taariikh == Yemen waa wadan aad u duqsan waxoona leeyahay guryo taariikhi ah oo ladhisay kumanaansano kahor, ilaa hadda dadka yemaniga waxee isticmaalaan dhaqanka guryihii ladhisi jiray waagaas.Wadanka Yemen waxoo xornimo ka helay [[Dawlada Cosmaniya]] iyo gumeestihii [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]. Wadanka Yemen waxoo markiisa hore u kala qeebsanaa [[Woqooyi]] Yemen iyo [[Koonfurta]] yemen , taariikhda marka ee eheed 1962dii ayaa [[koonfurta]] [[Yemen]] la midowday woqooyiga Yemen, waa markii wadanka laisku dhahay Jamhuuriyada yemen. ==Magaloyiinka== * [[Ibb|Ibb]] * [[Sanca|Sanca]] * [[Marib|Mareb]] * [[Hadhramaut]] * [[Cadan|Cadan]] * [[Ta'izz|Ta'ezz]] * [[Al Hudaydah]] * [[Al Mahwit]] *[[Al Mukalla]] ==Sido Kale fiiri== *[[Yemeni rial]] *[[Arabian Degaanka tectonic]] 4swl3bbqjro3bzddlie60k9tpkzwgq4 238343 238342 2022-07-20T15:29:14Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|15|N|48|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Yemen | native_name = {{big|الجُمهورية اليَمَنية}}<br />''{{transl|ar|DIN-31635|al-Jumhūriyyah al-Yamaniyyah}}'' | common_name = Yemen | image_flag = Flag of Yemen.svg | image_coat = | symbol_type = Emblem | image_map = Yemen (orthographic projection).svg | national_motto = <div style="line-height:1.45em;white-space:nowrap;">{{native phrase|ar|{{lower|0.1em|{{big|الله, الوَطَن, الثَورة, الوَحدة}}}}|italics=off}}<br />{{transl|ar|DIN-31635|"Allāh, al-Waṭan, aṯ-Ṯawrah, al-Waḥdah"}}<br />{{small|"God, Country, Revolution, Unity"}}</div> | national_anthem = <div style="line-height:1.45em;white-space:nowrap;">{{native name|ar|{{lower|0.1em|{{big|نشيد اليمن الوطني}}}}|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br />''[[National anthem of Yemen|Nashīd al-Yaman al-waṭanī]]''<br />{{small|''United Republic''}}<br /><center>[[File:United States Navy Band - United Republic.ogg]]</center> | official_languages = [[Carabi]] | demonym = [[Yemeni (disambiguation)|Yemeni]] | capital = [[Sana'a]] | government_type = {{nowrap|Xukun mid ah, jamhuuriyad}} | leader_title1 = [[Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = [[Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi]] | leader_title2 = Raysulwasaare | leader_name2 = [[Mohammed Basindawa]] | legislature = {{nowrap|Aqalka wakiilada Baarlamaanka}} | area_rank = 50th | area_magnitude = 1 E8 | area_km2 = 527,829 | area_sq_mi = 203,796 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = negligible | population_estimate = 23,833,000<ref name=yearbook2011>{{cite web|title=Statistical Yearbook 2011|url=http://www.cso-yemen.org/publiction/yearbook2011/population.xls|publisher=Central Statistical Organisation|accessdate=24 February 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=9 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009023840/http://www.cso-yemen.org/publiction/yearbook2011/population.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_estimate_rank = 96th | population_census = 19,685,000<ref name=yearbook2011/> | population_census_year = 2004 | population_density_km2 = 44.7 | population_density_sq_mi = 115.7 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 160th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP = $57.966 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=62&pr.y=1&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=474&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |title=Yemen |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=24 April 2012}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,306<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $28.675 billion<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,340<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2011 <!--Please use the year to which the HDI data refers, not the year of its publication--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.462 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref =<ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Complete.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2011 |publisher=The United Nations |accessdate=18 October 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 154th | FSI = {{nowrap|93.2 {{decrease}} 3.4}} | FSI_year = 2007 | FSI_rank = 24th | FSI_category = <span style="color:#f00;white-space:nowrap;">Alert</span> | sovereignty_type = Establishment | established_event1 = [[North Yemen]] independence from the [[Ottoman Empire]]^a | established_date1 = <br />1 November 1918 | established_event2 = [[South Yemen]] independence^b | established_date2 = <br />30 November 1967 | established_event3 = [[Yemeni unification|Unification]] | established_date3 = 22 May 1990 | currency = [[Yemeni rial]] | currency_code = YER | country_code = YEM | time_zone = | utc_offset = +3 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | drives_on = right<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newssafety.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=28&Itemid=100385 |title=Yemen |publisher=International News Safety Institute |accessdate=14 October 2009}}</ref> | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Yemen|+967]] | cctld = [[.ye]] | footnote_a = From the [[Ottoman Empire]]. | footnote_b = From the [[United Kingdom]]. }} '''Yemen''' [[Af-Carabi]] اليَمَن ama '''Jamhuuriyadda Yemen''' waa wadan ku yaalo [[Bariga Dhexe]]. Yemen waxee xuduud la leedahay wadamada [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo ka xigta [[Woqooyi]]ga iyo [[Galbeed]]ka xeebta [[Baddacas]], iyo [[Cumaan]] oo ka xigta [[Bari]]ga, Dhinaca [[Koonfur]]ta waxaa ka xiga [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] iyo [[Bada Carabeed]], dhinaca [[Galbeed]]ka neh waxaa ka xiga [[Bada Cas]], wadanka caasimadiisa waa [[Sanca]].wadanka Yemen waa wadanka kaliya ee Bariga dhexe oo isticmaalo Jamhuuriyad. yemen waa wadan aad u duqsan waxaana aad looga caabudaa diinta islaamka, dhinaca dhaqaalaha yemen uma taajirsano sida wadamada kale ee carabta, wadanka waxoo leeyahy shidaal iyo saliid, laakiin wax soo saarkooda aad ayoo u yaryahay. ==Xubin== * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] (baarlimentka waziirada Jaamacada Carabta). ==Waddanmaha la Degaan Yemen== * {{Flag|Palestine}} 24,000+ * {{flag|Arab League}} 126,000+ * {{Flag|Eritrea}} 24,000+ * {{Flag|Somalia}} 400,000+ * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 14,000+ == Taariikh == Yemen waa wadan aad u duqsan waxoona leeyahay guryo taariikhi ah oo ladhisay kumanaansano kahor, ilaa hadda dadka yemaniga waxee isticmaalaan dhaqanka guryihii ladhisi jiray waagaas.Wadanka Yemen waxoo xornimo ka helay [[Dawlada Cosmaniya]] iyo gumeestihii [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]. Wadanka Yemen waxoo markiisa hore u kala qeebsanaa [[Woqooyi]] Yemen iyo [[Koonfurta]] yemen , taariikhda marka ee eheed 1962dii ayaa [[koonfurta]] Yemen la midowday woqooyiga Yemen, waa markii wadanka laisku dhahay Jamhuuriyada yemen. ==Magaloyiinka== * [[Ibb|Ibb]] * [[Sanca|Sanca]] * [[Marib|Mareb]] * [[Hadhramaut]] * [[Cadan|Cadan]] * [[Ta'izz|Ta'ezz]] * [[Al Hudaydah]] * [[Al Mahwit]] *[[Al Mukalla]] ==Sido Kale fiiri== *[[Yemeni rial]] *[[Arabian Degaanka tectonic]] 63vi74igvhp6asy56rlenrwou0c8mku 238344 238343 2022-07-20T15:29:37Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|15|N|48|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Yemen | native_name = {{big|الجُمهورية اليَمَنية}}<br />''{{transl|ar|DIN-31635|al-Jumhūriyyah al-Yamaniyyah}}'' | common_name = Yemen | image_flag = Flag of Yemen.svg | image_coat = | symbol_type = Emblem | image_map = Yemen (orthographic projection).svg | national_motto = <div style="line-height:1.45em;white-space:nowrap;">{{native phrase|ar|{{lower|0.1em|{{big|الله, الوَطَن, الثَورة, الوَحدة}}}}|italics=off}}<br />{{transl|ar|DIN-31635|"Allāh, al-Waṭan, aṯ-Ṯawrah, al-Waḥdah"}}<br />{{small|"God, Country, Revolution, Unity"}}</div> | national_anthem = <div style="line-height:1.45em;white-space:nowrap;">{{native name|ar|{{lower|0.1em|{{big|نشيد اليمن الوطني}}}}|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br />''[[National anthem of Yemen|Nashīd al-Yaman al-waṭanī]]''<br />{{small|''United Republic''}}<br /><center>[[File:United States Navy Band - United Republic.ogg]]</center> | official_languages = [[Carabi]] | demonym = [[Yemeni (disambiguation)|Yemeni]] | capital = [[Sana'a]] | government_type = {{nowrap|Xukun mid ah, jamhuuriyad}} | leader_title1 = [[Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = [[Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi]] | leader_title2 = Raysulwasaare | leader_name2 = [[Mohammed Basindawa]] | legislature = {{nowrap|Aqalka wakiilada Baarlamaanka}} | area_rank = 50th | area_magnitude = 1 E8 | area_km2 = 527,829 | area_sq_mi = 203,796 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = negligible | population_estimate = 23,833,000<ref name=yearbook2011>{{cite web|title=Statistical Yearbook 2011|url=http://www.cso-yemen.org/publiction/yearbook2011/population.xls|publisher=Central Statistical Organisation|accessdate=24 February 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=9 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009023840/http://www.cso-yemen.org/publiction/yearbook2011/population.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_estimate_rank = 96th | population_census = 19,685,000<ref name=yearbook2011/> | population_census_year = 2004 | population_density_km2 = 44.7 | population_density_sq_mi = 115.7 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 160th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP = $57.966 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=62&pr.y=1&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=474&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |title=Yemen |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=24 April 2012}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,306<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $28.675 billion<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,340<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2011 <!--Please use the year to which the HDI data refers, not the year of its publication--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.462 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref =<ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Complete.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2011 |publisher=The United Nations |accessdate=18 October 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 154th | FSI = {{nowrap|93.2 {{decrease}} 3.4}} | FSI_year = 2007 | FSI_rank = 24th | FSI_category = <span style="color:#f00;white-space:nowrap;">Alert</span> | sovereignty_type = Establishment | established_event1 = [[North Yemen]] independence from the [[Ottoman Empire]]^a | established_date1 = <br />1 November 1918 | established_event2 = [[South Yemen]] independence^b | established_date2 = <br />30 November 1967 | established_event3 = [[Yemeni unification|Unification]] | established_date3 = 22 May 1990 | currency = [[Yemeni rial]] | currency_code = YER | country_code = YEM | time_zone = | utc_offset = +3 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | drives_on = right<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newssafety.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=28&Itemid=100385 |title=Yemen |publisher=International News Safety Institute |accessdate=14 October 2009}}</ref> | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Yemen|+967]] | cctld = [[.ye]] | footnote_a = From the [[Ottoman Empire]]. | footnote_b = From the [[United Kingdom]]. }} '''Yemen''' [[Af-Carabi]] اليَمَن ama '''Jamhuuriyadda Yemen''' waa wadan ku yaalo [[Bariga Dhexe]]. Yemen waxee xuduud la leedahay wadamada [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo ka xigta [[Woqooyi]]ga iyo [[Galbeed]]ka xeebta [[Baddacas]], iyo [[Cumaan]] oo ka xigta [[Bari]]ga, Dhinaca [[Koonfur]]ta waxaa ka xiga [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] iyo [[Bada Carabeed]], dhinaca [[Galbeed]]ka neh waxaa ka xiga [[Bada Cas]], wadanka caasimadiisa waa [[Sanca]].wadanka Yemen waa wadanka kaliya ee Bariga dhexe oo isticmaalo Jamhuuriyad. yemen waa wadan aad u duqsan waxaana aad looga caabudaa diinta islaamka, dhinaca dhaqaalaha yemen uma taajirsano sida wadamada kale ee carabta, wadanka waxoo leeyahy shidaal iyo saliid, laakiin wax soo saarkooda aad ayoo u yaryahay. ==Xubin== * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] (baarlimentka waziirada Jaamacada Carabta). ==Waddanmaha la Degaan Yemen== * {{Flag|Palestine}} 24,000+ * {{flag|Arab League}} 126,000+ * {{Flag|Eritrea}} 24,000+ * {{Flag|Somalia}} 400,000+ * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 14,000+ == Taariikh == Yemen waa wadan aad u duqsan waxoona leeyahay guryo taariikhi ah oo ladhisay kumanaansano kahor, ilaa hadda dadka yemaniga waxee isticmaalaan dhaqanka guryihii ladhisi jiray waagaas.Wadanka Yemen waxoo xornimo ka helay [[Dawlada Cosmaniya]] iyo gumeestihii [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]. Wadanka Yemen waxoo markiisa hore u kala qeebsanaa [[Woqooyi]] Yemen iyo [[Koonfurta]] yemen , taariikhda marka ee eheed 1962dii ayaa [[koonfurta]] Yemen la midowday woqooyiga Yemen, waa markii wadanka laisku dhahay Jamhuuriyada yemen. ==Magaloyiinka== * [[Ibb|Ibb]] * [[Sanca|Sanca]] * [[Marib|Mareb]] * [[Hadhramaut]] * [[Cadan|Cadan]] * [[Ta'izz|Ta'ezz]] * [[Al Hudaydah]] * [[Al Mahwit]] *[[Al Mukalla]] ==Sido Kale fiiri== *[[Yemeni rial]] *[[Arabian Degaanka tectonic]] r79qkgtcb9hpbvu5kazzykksccsp4g5 238345 238344 2022-07-20T15:29:54Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|15|N|48|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Yemen | native_name = {{big|الجُمهورية اليَمَنية}}<br />''{{transl|ar|DIN-31635|al-Jumhūriyyah al-Yamaniyyah}}'' | common_name = Yemen | image_flag = Flag of Yemen.svg | image_coat = | symbol_type = Emblem | image_map = Yemen (orthographic projection).svg | national_motto = <div style="line-height:1.45em;white-space:nowrap;">{{native phrase|ar|{{lower|0.1em|{{big|الله, الوَطَن, الثَورة, الوَحدة}}}}|italics=off}}<br />{{transl|ar|DIN-31635|"Allāh, al-Waṭan, aṯ-Ṯawrah, al-Waḥdah"}}<br />{{small|"God, Country, Revolution, Unity"}}</div> | national_anthem = <div style="line-height:1.45em;white-space:nowrap;">{{native name|ar|{{lower|0.1em|{{big|نشيد اليمن الوطني}}}}|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br />''[[National anthem of Yemen|Nashīd al-Yaman al-waṭanī]]''<br />{{small|''United Republic''}}<br /><center>[[File:United States Navy Band - United Republic.ogg]]</center> | official_languages = [[Carabi]] | demonym = [[Yemeni (disambiguation)|Yemeni]] | capital = [[Sana'a]] | government_type = {{nowrap|Xukun mid ah, jamhuuriyad}} | leader_title1 = [[Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = [[Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi]] | leader_title2 = Raysulwasaare | leader_name2 = [[Mohammed Basindawa]] | legislature = {{nowrap|Aqalka wakiilada Baarlamaanka}} | area_rank = 50th | area_magnitude = 1 E8 | area_km2 = 527,829 | area_sq_mi = 203,796 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = negligible | population_estimate = 23,833,000<ref name=yearbook2011>{{cite web|title=Statistical Yearbook 2011|url=http://www.cso-yemen.org/publiction/yearbook2011/population.xls|publisher=Central Statistical Organisation|accessdate=24 February 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=9 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009023840/http://www.cso-yemen.org/publiction/yearbook2011/population.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_estimate_rank = 96th | population_census = 19,685,000<ref name=yearbook2011/> | population_census_year = 2004 | population_density_km2 = 44.7 | population_density_sq_mi = 115.7 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 160th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP = $57.966 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=62&pr.y=1&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=474&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |title=Yemen |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=24 April 2012}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,306<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $28.675 billion<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,340<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2011 <!--Please use the year to which the HDI data refers, not the year of its publication--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.462 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref =<ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Complete.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2011 |publisher=The United Nations |accessdate=18 October 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 154th | FSI = {{nowrap|93.2 {{decrease}} 3.4}} | FSI_year = 2007 | FSI_rank = 24th | FSI_category = <span style="color:#f00;white-space:nowrap;">Alert</span> | sovereignty_type = Establishment | established_event1 = [[North Yemen]] independence from the [[Ottoman Empire]]^a | established_date1 = <br />1 November 1918 | established_event2 = [[South Yemen]] independence^b | established_date2 = <br />30 November 1967 | established_event3 = [[Yemeni unification|Unification]] | established_date3 = 22 May 1990 | currency = [[Yemeni rial]] | currency_code = YER | country_code = YEM | time_zone = | utc_offset = +3 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | drives_on = right<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newssafety.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=28&Itemid=100385 |title=Yemen |publisher=International News Safety Institute |accessdate=14 October 2009}}</ref> | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Yemen|+967]] | cctld = [[.ye]] | footnote_a = From the [[Ottoman Empire]]. | footnote_b = From the [[United Kingdom]]. }} '''Yemen''' [[Af-Carabi]] اليَمَن ama '''Jamhuuriyadda Yemen''' waa wadan ku yaalo [[Bariga Dhexe]]. Yemen waxee xuduud la leedahay wadamada [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo ka xigta [[Woqooyi]]ga iyo [[Galbeed]]ka xeebta [[Baddacas]], iyo [[Cumaan]] oo ka xigta [[Bari]]ga, Dhinaca [[Koonfur]]ta waxaa ka xiga [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] iyo [[Bada Carabeed]], dhinaca [[Galbeed]]ka neh waxaa ka xiga [[Bada Cas]], wadanka caasimadiisa waa [[Sanca]].wadanka Yemen waa wadanka kaliya ee Bariga dhexe oo isticmaalo Jamhuuriyad. yemen waa wadan aad u duqsan waxaana aad looga caabudaa diinta islaamka, dhinaca dhaqaalaha yemen uma taajirsano sida wadamada kale ee carabta, wadanka waxoo leeyahy shidaal iyo saliid, laakiin wax soo saarkooda aad ayoo u yaryahay. ==Xubin== * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] (baarlimentka waziirada Jaamacada Carabta). ==Waddanmaha la Degaan Yemen== * {{Flag|Palestine}} 24,000+ * {{flag|Arab League}} 126,000+ * {{Flag|Eritrea}} 24,000+ * {{Flag|Somalia}} 400,000+ * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 14,000+ == Taariikh == Yemen waa wadan aad u duqsan waxoona leeyahay guryo taariikhi ah oo ladhisay kumanaansano kahor, ilaa hadda dadka yemaniga waxee isticmaalaan dhaqanka guryihii ladhisi jiray waagaas.Wadanka Yemen waxoo xornimo ka helay [[Dawlada Cosmaniya]] iyo gumeestihii [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]. Wadanka Yemen waxoo markiisa hore u kala qeebsanaa [[Woqooyi]] Yemen iyo [[Koonfurta]] yemen , taariikhda marka ee eheed 1962dii ayaa [[koonfurta]] Yemen la midowday woqooyiga Yemen, waa markii wadanka laisku dhahay Jamhuuriyada yemen. ==Magaloyiinka== * [[Ibb|Ibb]] * [[Sanca|Sanca]] * [[Marib|Mareb]] * [[Hadhramaut]] * [[Cadan|Cadan]] * [[Ta'izz|Ta'ezz]] * [[Al Hudaydah]] * [[Al Mahwit]] *[[Al Mukalla]] ==Sido Kale fiiri== *[[Yemeni rial]] *[[Arabian Degaanka tectonic]] l4rpt6eg9uby20u9n2pfizsxyy1dbwe 238346 238345 2022-07-20T15:30:24Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|15|N|48|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Yemen | native_name = {{big|الجُمهورية اليَمَنية}}<br />''{{transl|ar|DIN-31635|al-Jumhūriyyah al-Yamaniyyah}}'' | common_name = Yemen | image_flag = Flag of Yemen.svg | image_coat = | symbol_type = Emblem | image_map = Yemen (orthographic projection).svg | national_motto = <div style="line-height:1.45em;white-space:nowrap;">{{native phrase|ar|{{lower|0.1em|{{big|الله, الوَطَن, الثَورة, الوَحدة}}}}|italics=off}}<br />{{transl|ar|DIN-31635|"Allāh, al-Waṭan, aṯ-Ṯawrah, al-Waḥdah"}}<br />{{small|"God, Country, Revolution, Unity"}}</div> | national_anthem = <div style="line-height:1.45em;white-space:nowrap;">{{native name|ar|{{lower|0.1em|{{big|نشيد اليمن الوطني}}}}|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br />''[[National anthem of Yemen|Nashīd al-Yaman al-waṭanī]]''<br />{{small|''United Republic''}}<br /><center>[[File:United States Navy Band - United Republic.ogg]]</center> | official_languages = [[Carabi]] | demonym = [[Yemeni (disambiguation)|Yemeni]] | capital = [[Sana'a]] | government_type = {{nowrap|Xukun mid ah, jamhuuriyad}} | leader_title1 = [[Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = [[Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi]] | leader_title2 = Raysulwasaare | leader_name2 = [[Mohammed Basindawa]] | legislature = {{nowrap|Aqalka wakiilada Baarlamaanka}} | area_rank = 50th | area_magnitude = 1 E8 | area_km2 = 527,829 | area_sq_mi = 203,796 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = negligible | population_estimate = 23,833,000<ref name=yearbook2011>{{cite web|title=Statistical Yearbook 2011|url=http://www.cso-yemen.org/publiction/yearbook2011/population.xls|publisher=Central Statistical Organisation|accessdate=24 February 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=9 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009023840/http://www.cso-yemen.org/publiction/yearbook2011/population.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2011 | population_estimate_rank = 96th | population_census = 19,685,000<ref name=yearbook2011/> | population_census_year = 2004 | population_density_km2 = 44.7 | population_density_sq_mi = 115.7 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 160th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP = $57.966 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=62&pr.y=1&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=474&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |title=Yemen |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=24 April 2012}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,306<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $28.675 billion<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,340<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2011 <!--Please use the year to which the HDI data refers, not the year of its publication--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.462 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref =<ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Complete.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2011 |publisher=The United Nations |accessdate=18 October 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 154th | FSI = {{nowrap|93.2 {{decrease}} 3.4}} | FSI_year = 2007 | FSI_rank = 24th | FSI_category = <span style="color:#f00;white-space:nowrap;">Alert</span> | sovereignty_type = Establishment | established_event1 = [[North Yemen]] independence from the [[Ottoman Empire]]^a | established_date1 = <br />1 November 1918 | established_event2 = [[South Yemen]] independence^b | established_date2 = <br />30 November 1967 | established_event3 = [[Yemeni unification|Unification]] | established_date3 = 22 May 1990 | currency = [[Yemeni rial]] | currency_code = YER | country_code = YEM | time_zone = | utc_offset = +3 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | drives_on = right<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newssafety.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=28&Itemid=100385 |title=Yemen |publisher=International News Safety Institute |accessdate=14 October 2009}}</ref> | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Yemen|+967]] | cctld = [[.ye]] | footnote_a = From the [[Ottoman Empire]]. | footnote_b = From the [[United Kingdom]]. }} '''Yemen''' ([[Af-Carabi]]: اليَمَن), ama '''Jamhuuriyadda Yemen''' waa wadan ku yaalo [[Bariga Dhexe]]. Yemen waxee xuduud la leedahay wadamada [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo ka xigta [[Woqooyi]]ga iyo [[Galbeed]]ka xeebta [[Baddacas]], iyo [[Cumaan]] oo ka xigta [[Bari]]ga, Dhinaca [[Koonfur]]ta waxaa ka xiga [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] iyo [[Bada Carabeed]], dhinaca [[Galbeed]]ka neh waxaa ka xiga [[Bada Cas]], wadanka caasimadiisa waa [[Sanca]].wadanka Yemen waa wadanka kaliya ee Bariga dhexe oo isticmaalo Jamhuuriyad. yemen waa wadan aad u duqsan waxaana aad looga caabudaa diinta islaamka, dhinaca dhaqaalaha yemen uma taajirsano sida wadamada kale ee carabta, wadanka waxoo leeyahy shidaal iyo saliid, laakiin wax soo saarkooda aad ayoo u yaryahay. ==Xubin== * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] (baarlimentka waziirada Jaamacada Carabta). ==Waddanmaha la Degaan Yemen== * {{Flag|Palestine}} 24,000+ * {{flag|Arab League}} 126,000+ * {{Flag|Eritrea}} 24,000+ * {{Flag|Somalia}} 400,000+ * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 14,000+ == Taariikh == Yemen waa wadan aad u duqsan waxoona leeyahay guryo taariikhi ah oo ladhisay kumanaansano kahor, ilaa hadda dadka yemaniga waxee isticmaalaan dhaqanka guryihii ladhisi jiray waagaas.Wadanka Yemen waxoo xornimo ka helay [[Dawlada Cosmaniya]] iyo gumeestihii [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]. Wadanka Yemen waxoo markiisa hore u kala qeebsanaa [[Woqooyi]] Yemen iyo [[Koonfurta]] yemen , taariikhda marka ee eheed 1962dii ayaa [[koonfurta]] Yemen la midowday woqooyiga Yemen, waa markii wadanka laisku dhahay Jamhuuriyada yemen. ==Magaloyiinka== * [[Ibb|Ibb]] * [[Sanca|Sanca]] * [[Marib|Mareb]] * [[Hadhramaut]] * [[Cadan|Cadan]] * [[Ta'izz|Ta'ezz]] * [[Al Hudaydah]] * [[Al Mahwit]] *[[Al Mukalla]] ==Sido Kale fiiri== *[[Yemeni rial]] *[[Arabian Degaanka tectonic]] ouszus5t689vqzz5spayzr9r808vkbc 0 5403 238371 238158 2022-07-20T23:46:28Z Mwasoge 29030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Koonfur Korea | common_name = South Korea | native_name = {{native name|ko|대한민국|italics=off}}<br />{{smaller|{{transl|ko|Daehan Minguk}} ([[Revised Romanization of Korean|RR]])}}<!--Please do not add official regional/minority languages here; use the langbox template directly below, included specifically for that purpose--> | image_flag = Flag of South Korea.svg | other_symbol = <div style="padding:0.3em;">[[File:Seal of South Korea.svg|border|85px|]]</div> | other_symbol_type = | alt_flag = Centered taegeuk on a white rectangle inclusive of four black trigrams | image_coat = | alt_coat = Centered taegeuk on a hibiscus syriacus surrounded by five stylized petals and a ribbon | symbol_type = Emblem | national_motto = {{lang|ko|홍익인간}} (''de facto'')<br />{{transl|ko|[[Hongik Ingan]]}}<br />"To broadly benefit the human world"<ref name="lie">{{cite journal|url=http://www.fssp.uaic.ro/argumentum/Numarul%2010%20%282%29/Articol%20Cozmiuc.pdf|page=6|title=A New Way of Seeing Country Social Responsibility|journal=Faculty of Philosophy and Social-Political Sciences |access-date=16 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925143746/http://www.fssp.uaic.ro/argumentum/Numarul%2010%20%282%29/Articol%20Cozmiuc.pdf |archive-date = 25 September 2013}}</ref> | anthem = {{lang|ko|애국가}}<br />{{transl|ko|[[Aegukga]]}}<br />"The Patriotic Song"<div style="position: relative; top:0.2em;">{{center|[[File:National anthem of South Korea, performed by the United States Navy Band.wav]]}}</div> | image_map = Republic of Korea (orthographic projection).svg | map_width = 250px | alt_map = | map_caption = Dark green: Territory controlled by Republic of Korea <br/> Lighter green: Territory claimed but uncontrolled by Republic of Korea | capital = [[Seoul]]<br />{{Coord|37|33|N|126|58|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Korean language|Korean]] ([[South Korean standard language|Pyojuneo]])<br />[[Korean Sign Language]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%88%98%ED%99%94%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EB%B2%95/(13978,20160203) |script-title=ko:[시행 2016.8.4.] [법률 제13978호, 2016.2.3., 제정]|trans-title=Enforcement 2016.8.4. Law No. 13978, enacted on February 3, 2016|language=ko |year=2016 |access-date=26 July 2017}}</ref> | languages_type = [[Official script]] | languages = [[Hangul]] | ethnic_groups = {{plainlist| * 95.1% [[Koreans|Korean]] * 4.9% [[Demographics of South Korea#Ethnic groups|Others]] }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2019 | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2020/07/742_283632.html|title=Foreign population in Korea tops 2.5 million|date=24 February 2020|website=koreatimes}}</ref> | religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |56.1% [[Irreligion in South Korea|No religion]] |27.6% [[Christianity in Korea|Christianity]]{{efn|name=Christian|19.7% are [[Protestantism|Protestant]], 7.9% are [[Catholic Church in South Korea|Catholic]]}} |15.5% [[Korean Buddhism]] |0.8% Others }} | religion_year = 2015 | religion_ref = <ref name="Kim-Shon-Chosunilbo2016">{{cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Han-soo |last2=Shon |first2=Jin-seok |url=http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2016/12/20/2016122000155.html |script-title=ko:신자 수, 개신교 1위… "종교 없다" 56% |work=[[Chosun Ilbo]] |date=20 December 2016 |access-date=2 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="ABC-CLIO"/> | demonym = {{hlist|[[Demographics of South Korea|South Korean]]|[[Koreans|Korean]]}} | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of South Korea|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Moon Jae-in]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of South Korea|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Kim Boo-kyum]] | leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the National Assembly of South Korea|Speaker of the National Assembly]] | leader_name3 = [[Park Byeong-seug]] | leader_title4 = [[Chief Justice of the Republic of Korea|Chief Justice]] | leader_name4 = [[Kim Myeong-soo]] | leader_title5 = [[Constitutional Court of Korea|President of the Constitutional Court]] | leader_name5 = [[Yoo Nam-seok]] | legislature = [[National Assembly (South Korea)|National Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Korea|Establishment history]] | established_event1 = [[Gojoseon|First Korean kingdom]] | established_date1 = {{circa}} 7th century BCE | established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[Korean Declaration of Independence|Independence declared]]}} | established_date2 = 1 March 1919 | established_event3 = [[Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea|Provisional Government]] | established_date3 = 11 April 1919 | established_event4 = [[Victory over Japan Day|Surrender]] of [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] | established_date4 = 15 August 1945 | established_event5 = [[United States Army Military Government in Korea|US administration]] of Korea south of the [[38th parallel north|38th parallel]] | established_date5 = 8 September 1945 | established_event6 = [[First Republic of South Korea|ROK established]] | established_date6 = 15 August 1948 | established_event7 = [[History of South Korea#Sixth Republic 1987-present|Current constitution]] | established_date7 = 25 February 1988 | established_event8 = [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 702|Admitted to]] the [[United Nations|UN]] | established_date8 = {{nowrap|17 September 1991}} | area_km2 = 100,363 | area_rank = 107th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = 38,750 | percent_water = 0.3 (301&nbsp;km{{smallsup|2}}{{\}}116&nbsp;mi{{smallsup|2}}) | population_estimate = {{increase neutral}} 51,709,098<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://kosis.kr/nsportalStats/nsportalStats_0102Body.jsp?menuId=10 |script-title=ko:Kosis 100대 지표}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2019 | population_estimate_rank = 27th | population_density_km2 = 507 | population_density_rank = 13th | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $2.436 trillion<ref name="IMFWEOKR">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2020/October/weo-report?c=542,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2019&ey=2020&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2021 | GDP_PPP_rank = 14th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $47,027<ref name="IMFWEOKR" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 28th | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $1.806 trillion<ref name="IMFWEOKR" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2021 | GDP_nominal_rank = 10th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $34,866<ref name="IMFWEOKR" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 28th | Gini = 34.5 | Gini_year = 2018 | Gini_change = decrease | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm|title=Inequality – Income inequality – OECD Data|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]|access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.916<!-- Number only, between 0 and 1. --> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. --> | HDI_change = increase<!-- Increase/decrease/steady. --> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2020|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=15 December 2020|access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 23rd | currency = [[South Korean won|Korean Republic won]] (₩) | currency_code = KRW | time_zone = [[Korea Standard Time]] | utc_offset = +9 | date_format = {{unbulleted list|yyyy년 m월 d일|yyyy. m. d. ([[Common Era|CE]])}} | electricity = [[Mains electricity by country|220 V–60 Hz]] | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in South Korea|+82]] | cctld = {{hlist|[[.kr]]|[[.한국]]}} }} {{Infobox | title = Republic of Korea | image = South Korea with Hanja.svg | image_size = 300px | caption = "Republic of Korea" in [[Hangul]] (top) and [[Hanja]] (bottom) scripts. | skhangul = {{linktext|대한민국}} | skhanja = {{lang|ko|{{linktext|大韓民國}}}} | skmr = Taehan Min’guk | rr = Daehan Min(-)guk | color = khaki | context = north }} {{Infobox | title = South Korea | skhangul = {{linktext|남|한}} | skhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|南韓}} | skrr = Namhan | skmr = Namhan | nkhangul = {{linktext|남|조|선}} | nkhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|南朝鮮}} | nkrr = Namjoseon | nkmr = Namchosŏn | ibox-order = ko4, ko3 }} {{Infobox transliteration | title = Korea | skhangul = {{linktext|한|국}} | skhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|韓國}} | skrr = Han(-)guk | skmr = Han’guk | nkhangul = {{linktext|조|선}} | nkhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|朝鮮}} | nkrr = Joseon | nkmr = Chosŏn | ibox-order = ko4, ko3 }} [[File:Busan_tower_view_074.jpg|thumb|right|193px|부산타워뷰.]] [[File:Korea exchange.JPG|thumb|right|194px|한국증권거래소.]] [[File:Gangnam_Seoul_January_2009.jpg|thumb|right|194px|강남 지역은 서울의 남쪽에 위치하고 있습니다.]] [[File:Myeongdong_Neon_at_Night,_Seoul.jpg|thumb|right|195px| [[File:Korea-Seoul-Yeouido-LG_Twin_building-01.jpg|thumb|centre|195px|]] 서울 명동구의 네온사인.]] '''Koonfur Kuuriya''' (남한, 南韓) ama '''Jamhuuriyadda Kuuriya''' (대한민국, 大韓民國) waa wadan yar oo ku yaalo [[bari]]ga Aasiya. magaalo madaxda wadanka waa Seoul. Koonfur Kuuriya iyo [[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]] markii hore waxaa la isku dhihi jiray Kuuriya, waxeena kala go'een sanadka marka oo ahaa 1950kii, marka ee dagaalo xun dhaxmareen labada qeebood. Korea oo dhan waxaa soo gumeestay wadanka japaan 1910kii ilaa 1945kii.. Dalka kuuriya koon fured waa dal kuyaalo qaarada aasiya ==Xubin== * [[ADB]] * * [[AIIB]] * * * [[OECD]] * * * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * * * [[Kooxda Labaatanka]] * * * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * * * ==Waddanamaha degaan Koonfur korea== *'''{{Flag|South Korea}}''' 40,000,000+ * {{Flag|United Kingdom}} 3,000+ * {{Flag|United States}} 20,000+ * {{Flag|Taiwan}} 40,000+ * {{Flag|China}} 3,000+ tj4kx1v2xtn0zm72rnbckb58mwbutjn 238372 238371 2022-07-21T00:03:50Z Mwasoge 29030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Koonfur Korea | common_name = South Korea | native_name = {{native name|ko|대한민국|italics=off}}<br />{{smaller|{{transl|ko|Daehan Minguk}} ([[Revised Romanization of Korean|RR]])}}<!--Please do not add official regional/minority languages here; use the langbox template directly below, included specifically for that purpose--> | image_flag = Flag of South Korea.svg | other_symbol = <div style="padding:0.3em;">[[File:Seal of South Korea.svg|border|85px|]]</div> | other_symbol_type = | alt_flag = Centered taegeuk on a white rectangle inclusive of four black trigrams | image_coat = | alt_coat = Centered taegeuk on a hibiscus syriacus surrounded by five stylized petals and a ribbon | symbol_type = Emblem | national_motto = {{lang|ko|홍익인간}} (''de facto'')<Br/>{{transl|ko|[[Hongik Ingan]]}}<br />"To broadly benefit the human world"<Ref name="lie">{{cite journal|url=http://www.fssp.uaic.ro/argumentum/Numarul%2010%20%282%29/Articol%20Cozmiuc.pdf|page=6|title=A New Way of Seeing Country Social Responsibility|journal=Faculty of Philosophy and Social-Political Sciences |access-date=16 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925143746/http://www.fssp.uaic.ro/argumentum/Numarul%2010%20%282%29/Articol%20Cozmiuc.pdf |archive-date = 25 September 2013}}</ref> | anthem = {{lang|ko|애국가}}<Br/>{{transl|ko|[[Aegukga]]}}<Br/>"The Patriotic Song"<div style="position: relative; top:0.2em;">{{center|[[File:National anthem of South Korea, performed by the United States Navy Band.wav]]}}</div> | image_map = Republic of Korea (orthographic projection).svg | map_width = 250px | alt_map = | map_caption = Dark green: Territory controlled by Republic of Korea <br/> Lighter green: Territory claimed but uncontrolled by Republic of Korea | capital = [[Seoul]]<br />{{Coord|37|33|N|126|58|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Korean language|Korean]] ([[South Korean standard language|Pyojuneo]])<br />[[Korean Sign Language]]<Ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%88%98%ED%99%94%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EB%B2%95/(13978,20160203) |script-title=ko:[시행 2016.8.4.] [법률 제13978호, 2016.2.3., 제정]|trans-title=Enforcement 2016.8.4. Law No. 13978, enacted on February 3, 2016|language=ko |year=2016 |access-date=26 July 2017}}</ref> | languages_type = [[Official script]] | languages = [[Hangul]] | ethnic_groups = {{plainlist| * 95.1% [[Koreans|Korean]] * 4.9% [[Demographics of South Korea#Ethnic groups|Others]] }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2019 | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2020/07/742_283632.html|title=Foreign population in Korea tops 2.5 million|date=24 February 2020|website=koreatimes}}</ref> | religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |56.1% [[Irreligion in South Korea|No religion]] |27.6% [[Christianity in Korea|Christianity]]{{efn|name=Christian|19.7% are [[Protestantism|Protestant]], 7.9% are [[Catholic Church in South Korea|Catholic]]}} |15.5% [[Korean Buddhism]] |0.8% Others }} | religion_year = 2015 | religion_ref = <ref name="Kim-Shon-Chosunilbo2016">{{cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Han-soo |last2=Shon |first2=Jin-seok |url=http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2016/12/20/2016122000155.html |script-title=ko:신자 수, 개신교 1위… "종교 없다" 56% |work=[[Chosun Ilbo]] |date=20 December 2016 |access-date=2 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="ABC-CLIO"/> | demonym = {{hlist|[[Demographics of South Korea|South Korean]]|[[Koreans|Korean]]}} | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of South Korea|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Moon Jae-in]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of South Korea|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Kim Boo-kyum]] | leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the National Assembly of South Korea|Speaker of the National Assembly]] | leader_name3 = [[Park Byeong-seug]] | leader_title4 = [[Chief Justice of the Republic of Korea|Chief Justice]] | leader_name4 = [[Kim Myeong-soo]] | leader_title5 = [[Constitutional Court of Korea|President of the Constitutional Court]] | leader_name5 = [[Yoo Nam-seok]] | legislature = [[National Assembly (South Korea)|National Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Korea|Establishment history]] | established_event1 = [[Gojoseon|First Korean kingdom]] | established_date1 = {{circa}} 7th century BCE | established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[Korean Declaration of Independence|Independence declared]]}} | established_date2 = 1 March 1919 | established_event3 = [[Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea|Provisional Government]] | established_date3 = 11 April 1919 | established_event4 = [[Victory over Japan Day|Surrender]] of [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] | established_date4 = 15 August 1945 | established_event5 = [[United States Army Military Government in Korea|US administration]] of Korea south of the [[38th parallel north|38th parallel]] | established_date5 = 8 September 1945 | established_event6 = [[First Republic of South Korea|ROK established]] | established_date6 = 15 August 1948 | established_event7 = [[History of South Korea#Sixth Republic 1987-present|Current constitution]] | established_date7 = 25 February 1988 | established_event8 = [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 702|Admitted to]] the [[United Nations|UN]] | established_date8 = {{nowrap|17 September 1991}} | area_km2 = 100,363 | area_rank = 107th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = 38,750 | percent_water = 0.3 (301&nbsp;km{{smallsup|2}}{{\}}116&nbsp;mi{{smallsup|2}}) | population_estimate = {{increase neutral}} 51,709,098<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://kosis.kr/nsportalStats/nsportalStats_0102Body.jsp?menuId=10 |script-title=ko:Kosis 100대 지표}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2019 | population_estimate_rank = 27th | population_density_km2 = 507 | population_density_rank = 13th | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $2.436 trillion<ref name="IMFWEOKR">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2020/October/weo-report?c=542,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2019&ey=2020&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=14 October 2020}}</Ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2021 | GDP_PPP_rank = 14th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $47,027<ref name="IMFWEOKR" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 28th | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $1.806 trillion<ref name="IMFWEOKR" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2021 | GDP_nominal_rank = 10th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $30,998<ref name="IMFWEOKR" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 28th | Gini = 34.5 | Gini_year = 2018 | Gini_change = decrease | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm|title=Inequality – Income inequality – OECD Data|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]|access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.916<!-- Number only, between 0 and 1. --> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. --> | HDI_change = increase<!-- Increase/decrease/steady. --> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2020|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=15 December 2020|access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 23rd | currency = [[South Korean won|Korean Republic won]] (₩) | currency_code = KRW | time_zone = [[Korea Standard Time]] | utc_offset = +9 | date_format = {{unbulleted list|yyyy년 m월 d일|yyyy. m. d. ([[Common Era|CE]])}} | electricity = [[Mains electricity by country|220 V–60 Hz]] | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in South Korea|+82]] | cctld = {{hlist|[[.kr]]|[[.한국]]}} }} {{Infobox | title = Republic of Korea | image = South Korea with Hanja.svg | image_size = 300px | caption = "Republic of Korea" in [[Hangul]] (top) and [[Hanja]] (bottom) scripts. | skhangul = {{linktext|대한민국}} | skhanja = {{lang|ko|{{linktext|大韓民國}}}} | skmr = Taehan Min’guk | rr = Daehan Min(-)guk | color = khaki | context = north }} {{Infobox | title = South Korea | skhangul = {{linktext|남|한}} | skhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|南韓}} | skrr = Namhan | skmr = Namhan | nkhangul = {{linktext|남|조|선}} | nkhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|南朝鮮}} | nkrr = Namjoseon | nkmr = Namchosŏn | ibox-order = ko4, ko3 }} {{Infobox transliteration | title = Korea | skhangul = {{linktext|한|국}} | skhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|韓國}} | skrr = Han(-)guk | skmr = Han’guk | nkhangul = {{linktext|조|선}} | nkhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|朝鮮}} | nkrr = Joseon | nkmr = Chosŏn | ibox-order = ko4, ko3 }} [[File:Busan_tower_view_074.jpg|thumb|right|193px|부산타워뷰.]] [[File:Gangnam_Seoul_January_2009.jpg|thumb|right|194px|강남 지역은 서울의 남쪽에 위치하고 있습니다.]] [[File:Korea exchange.JPG|thumb|right|194px|한국증권거래소.]] [[File:Myeongdong_Neon_at_Night,_Seoul.jpg|thumb|right|195px|서울 명동구의 네온사인.]] [[File:Korea-Seoul-Yeouido-LG_Twin_building-01.jpg|thumb|left|195px|]] '''Koonfur Kuuriya''' (남한, 南韓) ama '''Jamhuuriyadda Kuuriya''' (대한민국, 大韓民國) waa wadan yar oo ku yaalo [[bari]]ga Aasiya. magaalo madaxda wadanka waa Seoul. Koonfur Kuuriya iyo [[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]] markii hore waxaa la isku dhihi jiray Kuuriya, waxeena kala go'een sanadka marka oo ahaa 1950kii, marka ee dagaalo xun dhaxmareen labada qeebood. Korea oo dhan waxaa soo gumeestay wadanka japaan 1910kii ilaa 1945kii. Dalka kuuriya koon fured waa dal kuyaalo qaarada aasiya. ==Xubin== * [[ADB]] * * [[AIIB]] * * * [[OECD]] * * * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * * * [[Kooxda Labaatanka]] * * * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * * * ==Waddanamaha degaan Koonfur korea== *'''{{Flag|South Korea}}''' 49,000,000+ * {{Flag|United Kingdom}} 3,000+ * {{Flag|United States}} 20,000+ * {{Flag|Taiwan}} 40,000+ * {{Flag|China}} 3,000+ 2jah79dj0xj1btrgyg40za6539d27o0 238373 238372 2022-07-21T00:56:21Z Mwasoge 29030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Koonfur Korea | common_name = South Korea | native_name = {{native name|ko|대한민국|italics=off}}<br />{{smaller|{{transl|ko|Daehan Minguk}} ([[Revised Romanization of Korean|RR]])}}<!--Please do not add official regional/minority languages here; use the langbox template directly below, included specifically for that purpose--> | image_flag = Flag of South Korea.svg | other_symbol = <div style="padding:0.3em;">[[File:Seal of South Korea.svg|border|85px|]]</div> | other_symbol_type = | alt_flag = Centered taegeuk on a white rectangle inclusive of four black trigrams | image_coat = | alt_coat = Centered taegeuk on a hibiscus syriacus surrounded by five stylized petals and a ribbon | symbol_type = Emblem | national_motto = {{lang|ko|홍익인간}} (''de facto'')<Br/>{{transl|ko|[[Hongik Ingan]]}}<br />"To broadly benefit the human world"<Ref name="lie">{{cite journal|url=http://www.fssp.uaic.ro/argumentum/Numarul%2010%20%282%29/Articol%20Cozmiuc.pdf|page=6|title=A New Way of Seeing Country Social Responsibility|journal=Faculty of Philosophy and Social-Political Sciences |access-date=16 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925143746/http://www.fssp.uaic.ro/argumentum/Numarul%2010%20%282%29/Articol%20Cozmiuc.pdf |archive-date = 25 September 2013}}</ref> | anthem = {{lang|ko|애국가}}<Br/>{{transl|ko|[[Aegukga]]}}<Br/>"The Patriotic Song"<div style="position: relative; top:0.2em;">{{center|[[File:National anthem of South Korea, performed by the United States Navy Band.wav]]}}</div> | image_map = Republic of Korea (orthographic projection).svg | map_width = 250px | alt_map = | map_caption = Dark green: Territory controlled by Republic of Korea <br/> Lighter green: Territory claimed but uncontrolled by Republic of Korea | capital = [[Seoul]]<br />{{Coord|37|33|N|126|58|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Korean language|Korean]] ([[South Korean standard language|Pyojuneo]])<br />[[Korean Sign Language]]<Ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%88%98%ED%99%94%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EB%B2%95/(13978,20160203) |script-title=ko:[시행 2016.8.4.] [법률 제13978호, 2016.2.3., 제정]|trans-title=Enforcement 2016.8.4. Law No. 13978, enacted on February 3, 2016|language=ko |year=2016 |access-date=26 July 2017}}</ref> | languages_type = [[Official script]] | languages = [[Hangul]] | ethnic_groups = {{plainlist| * 95.1% [[Koreans|Korean]] * 4.9% [[Demographics of South Korea#Ethnic groups|Others]] }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2019 | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2020/07/742_283632.html|title=Foreign population in Korea tops 2.5 million|date=24 February 2020|website=koreatimes}}</ref> | religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |56.1% [[Irreligion in South Korea|No religion]] |27.6% [[Christianity in Korea|Christianity]]{{efn|name=Christian|19.7% are [[Protestantism|Protestant]], 7.9% are [[Catholic Church in South Korea|Catholic]]}} |15.5% [[Korean Buddhism]] |0.8% Others }} | religion_year = 2015 | religion_ref = <ref name="Kim-Shon-Chosunilbo2016">{{cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Han-soo |last2=Shon |first2=Jin-seok |url=http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2016/12/20/2016122000155.html |script-title=ko:신자 수, 개신교 1위… "종교 없다" 56% |work=[[Chosun Ilbo]] |date=20 December 2016 |access-date=2 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="ABC-CLIO"/> | demonym = {{hlist|[[Demographics of South Korea|South Korean]]|[[Koreans|Korean]]}} | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of South Korea|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Moon Jae-in]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of South Korea|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Kim Boo-kyum]] | leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the National Assembly of South Korea|Speaker of the National Assembly]] | leader_name3 = [[Park Byeong-seug]] | leader_title4 = [[Chief Justice of the Republic of Korea|Chief Justice]] | leader_name4 = [[Kim Myeong-soo]] | leader_title5 = [[Constitutional Court of Korea|President of the Constitutional Court]] | leader_name5 = [[Yoo Nam-seok]] | legislature = [[National Assembly (South Korea)|National Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Korea|Establishment history]] | established_event1 = [[Gojoseon|First Korean kingdom]] | established_date1 = {{circa}} 7th century BCE | established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[Korean Declaration of Independence|Independence declared]]}} | established_date2 = 1 March 1919 | established_event3 = [[Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea|Provisional Government]] | established_date3 = 11 April 1919 | established_event4 = [[Victory over Japan Day|Surrender]] of [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] | established_date4 = 15 August 1945 | established_event5 = [[United States Army Military Government in Korea|US administration]] of Korea south of the [[38th parallel north|38th parallel]] | established_date5 = 8 September 1945 | established_event6 = [[First Republic of South Korea|ROK established]] | established_date6 = 15 August 1948 | established_event7 = [[History of South Korea#Sixth Republic 1987-present|Current constitution]] | established_date7 = 25 February 1988 | established_event8 = [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 702|Admitted to]] the [[United Nations|UN]] | established_date8 = {{nowrap|17 September 1991}} | area_km2 = 100,363 | area_rank = 107th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = 38,750 | percent_water = 0.3 (301&nbsp;km{{smallsup|2}}{{\}}116&nbsp;mi{{smallsup|2}}) | population_estimate = {{increase neutral}} 51,709,098<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://kosis.kr/nsportalStats/nsportalStats_0102Body.jsp?menuId=10 |script-title=ko:Kosis 100대 지표}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2019 | population_estimate_rank = 27th | population_density_km2 = 507 | population_density_rank = 13th | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $2.436 trillion<ref name="IMFWEOKR">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2020/October/weo-report?c=542,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2019&ey=2020&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=14 October 2020}}</Ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2021 | GDP_PPP_rank = 14th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $47,027<ref name="IMFWEOKR" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 28th | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $1.806 trillion<ref name="IMFWEOKR" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2021 | GDP_nominal_rank = 10th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $30,998<ref name="IMFWEOKR" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 28th | Gini = 34.5 | Gini_year = 2018 | Gini_change = decrease | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm|title=Inequality – Income inequality – OECD Data|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]|access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.916<!-- Number only, between 0 and 1. --> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. --> | HDI_change = increase<!-- Increase/decrease/steady. --> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2020|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=15 December 2020|access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 23rd | currency = [[South Korean won|Korean Republic won]] (₩) | currency_code = KRW | time_zone = [[Korea Standard Time]] | utc_offset = +9 | date_format = {{unbulleted list|yyyy년 m월 d일|yyyy. m. d. ([[Common Era|CE]])}} | electricity = [[Mains electricity by country|220 V–60 Hz]] | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in South Korea|+82]] | cctld = {{hlist|[[.kr]]|[[.한국]]}} }} {{Infobox | title = Republic of Korea | image = South Korea with Hanja.svg | image_size = 300px | caption = "Republic of Korea" in [[Hangul]] (top) and [[Hanja]] (bottom) scripts. | skhangul = {{linktext|대한민국}} | skhanja = {{lang|ko|{{linktext|大韓民國}}}} | skmr = Taehan Min’guk | rr = Daehan Min(-)guk | color = khaki | context = north }} {{Infobox | title = South Korea | skhangul = {{linktext|남|한}} | skhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|南韓}} | skrr = Namhan | skmr = Namhan | nkhangul = {{linktext|남|조|선}} | nkhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|南朝鮮}} | nkrr = Namjoseon | nkmr = Namchosŏn | ibox-order = ko4, ko3 }} {{Infobox transliteration | title = Korea | skhangul = {{linktext|한|국}} | skhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|韓國}} | skrr = Han(-)guk | skmr = Han’guk | nkhangul = {{linktext|조|선}} | nkhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|朝鮮}} | nkrr = Joseon | nkmr = Chosŏn | ibox-order = ko4, ko3 }} [[File:Busan_tower_view_074.jpg|thumb|right|193px|부산타워뷰.]] [[File:Gangnam_Seoul_January_2009.jpg|thumb|right|194px|강남 지역은 서울의 남쪽에 위치하고 있습니다.]] [[File:Korea exchange.JPG|thumb|right|194px|한국증권거래소.]] [[File:Myeongdong_Neon_at_Night,_Seoul.jpg|thumb|right|195px|서울 명동구의 네온사인.]] [[File:Hyundai Motorsport.png|thumb|right|195px|]] [[File:Korea-Seoul-Yeouido-LG_Twin_building-01.jpg|thumb|left|195px|]] '''Koonfur Kuuriya''' (남한, 南韓) ama '''Jamhuuriyadda Kuuriya''' (대한민국, 大韓民國) waa wadan yar oo ku yaalo [[bari]]ga Aasiya. magaalo madaxda wadanka waa Seoul. Koonfur Kuuriya iyo [[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]] markii hore waxaa la isku dhihi jiray Kuuriya, waxeena kala go'een sanadka marka oo ahaa 1950kii, marka ee dagaalo xun dhaxmareen labada qeebood. Korea oo dhan waxaa soo gumeestay wadanka japaan 1910kii ilaa 1945kii. Dalka kuuriya koon fured waa dal kuyaalo qaarada aasiya. ==Xubin== * [[ADB]] * * [[AIIB]] * * * [[OECD]] * * * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * * * [[Kooxda Labaatanka]] * * * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * * * ==Waddanamaha degaan Koonfur korea== *'''{{Flag|South Korea}}''' 49,000,000+ * {{Flag|United Kingdom}} 3,000+ * {{Flag|United States}} 20,000+ * {{Flag|Taiwan}} 40,000+ * {{Flag|China}} 3,000+ n9vqqxd0w1zfxjivrf03xmtya0lvsp3 238375 238373 2022-07-21T01:47:05Z Mwasoge 29030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Koonfur Korea | common_name = South Korea | native_name = {{native name|ko|대한민국|italics=off}}<br />{{smaller|{{transl|ko|Daehan Minguk}} ([[Revised Romanization of Korean|RR]])}}<!--Please do not add official regional/minority languages here; use the langbox template directly below, included specifically for that purpose--> | image_flag = Flag of South Korea.svg | other_symbol = <div style="padding:0.3em;">[[File:Seal of South Korea.svg|border|85px|]]</div> | other_symbol_type = | alt_flag = Centered taegeuk on a white rectangle inclusive of four black trigrams | image_coat = | alt_coat = Centered taegeuk on a hibiscus syriacus surrounded by five stylized petals and a ribbon | symbol_type = Emblem | national_motto = {{lang|ko|홍익인간}} (''de facto'')<Br/>{{transl|ko|[[Hongik Ingan]]}}<br />"To broadly benefit the human world"<Ref name="lie">{{cite journal|url=http://www.fssp.uaic.ro/argumentum/Numarul%2010%20%282%29/Articol%20Cozmiuc.pdf|page=6|title=A New Way of Seeing Country Social Responsibility|journal=Faculty of Philosophy and Social-Political Sciences |access-date=16 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925143746/http://www.fssp.uaic.ro/argumentum/Numarul%2010%20%282%29/Articol%20Cozmiuc.pdf |archive-date = 25 September 2013}}</ref> | anthem = {{lang|ko|애국가}}<Br/>{{transl|ko|[[Aegukga]]}}<Br/>"The Patriotic Song"<div style="position: relative; top:0.2em;">{{center|[[File:National anthem of South Korea, performed by the United States Navy Band.wav]]}}</div> | image_map = Republic of Korea (orthographic projection).svg | map_width = 250px | alt_map = | map_caption = Dark green: Territory controlled by Republic of Korea <br/> Lighter green: Territory claimed but uncontrolled by Republic of Korea | capital = [[Seoul]]<br />{{Coord|37|33|N|126|58|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Korean language|Korean]] ([[South Korean standard language|Pyojuneo]])<br />[[Korean Sign Language]]<Ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%88%98%ED%99%94%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EB%B2%95/(13978,20160203) |script-title=ko:[시행 2016.8.4.] [법률 제13978호, 2016.2.3., 제정]|trans-title=Enforcement 2016.8.4. Law No. 13978, enacted on February 3, 2016|language=ko |year=2016 |access-date=26 July 2017}}</ref> | languages_type = [[Official script]] | languages = [[Hangul]] | ethnic_groups = {{plainlist| * 95.1% [[Koreans|Korean]] * 4.9% [[Demographics of South Korea#Ethnic groups|Others]] }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2019 | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2020/07/742_283632.html|title=Foreign population in Korea tops 2.5 million|date=24 February 2020|website=koreatimes}}</ref> | religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |56.1% [[Irreligion in South Korea|No religion]] |27.6% [[Christianity in Korea|Christianity]]{{efn|name=Christian|19.7% are [[Protestantism|Protestant]], 7.9% are [[Catholic Church in South Korea|Catholic]]}} |15.5% [[Korean Buddhism]] |0.8% Others }} | religion_year = 2015 | religion_ref = <ref name="Kim-Shon-Chosunilbo2016">{{cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Han-soo |last2=Shon |first2=Jin-seok |url=http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2016/12/20/2016122000155.html |script-title=ko:신자 수, 개신교 1위… "종교 없다" 56% |work=[[Chosun Ilbo]] |date=20 December 2016 |access-date=2 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="ABC-CLIO"/> | demonym = {{hlist|[[Demographics of South Korea|South Korean]]|[[Koreans|Korean]]}} | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of South Korea|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Moon Jae-in]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of South Korea|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Kim Boo-kyum]] | leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the National Assembly of South Korea|Speaker of the National Assembly]] | leader_name3 = [[Park Byeong-seug]] | leader_title4 = [[Chief Justice of the Republic of Korea|Chief Justice]] | leader_name4 = [[Kim Myeong-soo]] | leader_title5 = [[Constitutional Court of Korea|President of the Constitutional Court]] | leader_name5 = [[Yoo Nam-seok]] | legislature = [[National Assembly (South Korea)|National Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Korea|Establishment history]] | established_event1 = [[Gojoseon|First Korean kingdom]] | established_date1 = {{circa}} 7th century BCE | established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[Korean Declaration of Independence|Independence declared]]}} | established_date2 = 1 March 1919 | established_event3 = [[Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea|Provisional Government]] | established_date3 = 11 April 1919 | established_event4 = [[Victory over Japan Day|Surrender]] of [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] | established_date4 = 15 August 1945 | established_event5 = [[United States Army Military Government in Korea|US administration]] of Korea south of the [[38th parallel north|38th parallel]] | established_date5 = 8 September 1945 | established_event6 = [[First Republic of South Korea|ROK established]] | established_date6 = 15 August 1948 | established_event7 = [[History of South Korea#Sixth Republic 1987-present|Current constitution]] | established_date7 = 25 February 1988 | established_event8 = [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 702|Admitted to]] the [[United Nations|UN]] | established_date8 = {{nowrap|17 September 1991}} | area_km2 = 100,363 | area_rank = 107th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = 38,750 | percent_water = 0.3 (301&nbsp;km{{smallsup|2}}{{\}}116&nbsp;mi{{smallsup|2}}) | population_estimate = {{increase neutral}} 51,709,098<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://kosis.kr/nsportalStats/nsportalStats_0102Body.jsp?menuId=10 |script-title=ko:Kosis 100대 지표}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2019 | population_estimate_rank = 27th | population_density_km2 = 507 | population_density_rank = 13th | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $2.436 trillion<ref name="IMFWEOKR">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2020/October/weo-report?c=542,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2019&ey=2020&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=14 October 2020}}</Ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2021 | GDP_PPP_rank = 14th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $47,027<ref name="IMFWEOKR" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 28th | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $1.806 trillion<ref name="IMFWEOKR" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2021 | GDP_nominal_rank = 10th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $30,998<ref name="IMFWEOKR" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 28th | Gini = 34.5 | Gini_year = 2018 | Gini_change = decrease | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm|title=Inequality – Income inequality – OECD Data|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]|access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.916<!-- Number only, between 0 and 1. --> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. --> | HDI_change = increase<!-- Increase/decrease/steady. --> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2020|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=15 December 2020|access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 23rd | currency = [[South Korean won|Korean Republic won]] (₩) | currency_code = KRW | time_zone = [[Korea Standard Time]] | utc_offset = +9 | date_format = {{unbulleted list|yyyy년 m월 d일|yyyy. m. d. ([[Common Era|CE]])}} | electricity = [[Mains electricity by country|220 V–60 Hz]] | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in South Korea|+82]] | cctld = {{hlist|[[.kr]]|[[.한국]]}} }} {{Infobox | title = Republic of Korea | image = South Korea with Hanja.svg | image_size = 300px | caption = "Republic of Korea" in [[Hangul]] (top) and [[Hanja]] (bottom) scripts. | skhangul = {{linktext|대한민국}} | skhanja = {{lang|ko|{{linktext|大韓民國}}}} | skmr = Taehan Min’guk | rr = Daehan Min(-)guk | color = khaki | context = north }} {{Infobox | title = South Korea | skhangul = {{linktext|남|한}} | skhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|南韓}} | skrr = Namhan | skmr = Namhan | nkhangul = {{linktext|남|조|선}} | nkhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|南朝鮮}} | nkrr = Namjoseon | nkmr = Namchosŏn | ibox-order = ko4, ko3 }} {{Infobox transliteration | title = Korea | skhangul = {{linktext|한|국}} | skhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|韓國}} | skrr = Han(-)guk | skmr = Han’guk | nkhangul = {{linktext|조|선}} | nkhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|朝鮮}} | nkrr = Joseon | nkmr = Chosŏn | ibox-order = ko4, ko3 }} [[File:Busan_tower_view_074.jpg|thumb|right|193px|부산타워뷰.|]] [[File:Gangnam_Seoul_January_2009.jpg|thumb|right|194px|강남 지역은 서울의 남쪽에 위치하고 있습니다.|]] [[File:Korea exchange.JPG|thumb|right|194px|한국증권거래소.|]] [[File:Myeongdong_Neon_at_Night,_Seoul.jpg|thumb|right|195px|서울 명동구의 네온사인.|]] [[File:Hyundai Motorsport.png|thumb|right|195px|]] [[File:Korea-Seoul-Yeouido-LG_Twin_building-01.jpg|thumb|left|195px|]] '''Koonfur Kuuriya''' (남한, 南韓) ama '''Jamhuuriyadda Kuuriya''' (대한민국, 大韓民國) waa wadan yar oo ku yaalo [[bari]]ga Aasiya. magaalo madaxda wadanka waa Seoul. Koonfur Kuuriya iyo [[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]] markii hore waxaa la isku dhihi jiray Kuuriya, waxeena kala go'een sanadka marka oo ahaa 1950kii, marka ee dagaalo xun dhaxmareen labada qeebood. Korea oo dhan waxaa soo gumeestay wadanka japaan 1910kii ilaa 1945kii. Dalka kuuriya koon fured waa dal kuyaalo qaarada aasiya. ==Xubin== * [[ADB]] * * [[AIIB]] * * * [[OECD]] * * * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * * * [[Kooxda Labaatanka]] * * * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * * * ==Waddanamaha degaan Koonfur korea== *'''{{Flag|South Korea}}''' 49,000,000+ * {{Flag|United Kingdom}} 3,000+ * {{Flag|United States}} 20,000+ * {{Flag|Taiwan}} 40,000+ * {{Flag|China}} 3,000+ jlo3ctwf27cd3xa9rkestjhlwk3xgdl 0 5883 238359 218253 2022-07-20T15:49:55Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bad template}} {{Medium low article}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republic of Singapore | common_name = Singapore | native_name = {{small|{{nobold|{{native name|ms|Republik Singapura}}<br />{{native name|zh|新加坡共和国|italics=off}}<br />{{native name|ta|சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு|italics=off}}<!--end nobold:-->}}}} | image_flag = Flag of Singapore.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Singapore.svg | national_motto = <br />{{native phrase|ms|"Majulah Singapura"|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br />{{small|(English: "Onward, Singapore")}} | national_anthem = ''[[Majulah Singapura]]''<br />{{small|(English: "Onward, Singapore")}}<br /><center>[[File:Majulah Singapura.ogg]]</center> | image_map = Singapore in its region (zoom).svg | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=red}} | capital = '''Singapore''' ([[city-state]]) | coordinates = {{Coord|1|17|N|103|50|E|type:city}} | largest_settlement = [[Bedok]]<ref name=singstat>{{cite web|title=Singapore Residents by Planning Area/Subzone, Age Group and Sex, June 2000 – 2015|url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/statistics/browse_by_theme/population/statistical_tables/tablea12-2000-2015.xls|publisher=Statistics Singapore|accessdate=7 January 2016|format=XLS|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130111952/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/statistics/browse_by_theme/population/statistical_tables/tablea12-2000-2015.xls|archivedate=30 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />{{small|{{coord|1|19|24.97|N|103|55|38.43|E|display=inline}}}} | largest_settlement_type = [[Planning Areas of Singapore|PA]] | official_languages = {{hlist|[[English language|English]]|[[Malay language|Malay]] |[[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]] |[[Tamil language|Tamil]]}} | languages_type = [[Official script]]s | languages = {{hlist |[[Latin script|Roman (Latin)]] |[[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified Chinese]] |[[Tamil script|Tamil]]}} | ethnic_groups = {{ublist|list_style=line-height:1.3em; |class=nowrap | 74.3% [[Chinese Singaporeans|Chinese]]<ref name="Singapore Census 2015"/> |13.3% [[Malay Singaporeans|Malay]] |9.1% [[Indian Singaporeans|Indian]] |3.3% Others }} | ethnic_groups_year = | religion = {{ublist|list_style=line-height:1.3em; |class=nowrap | 33.2% [[Buddhism in Singapore|Buddhism]] |18.8% [[Christianity in Singapore|Christianity]] |18.5% No religion |14.0% [[Islam in Singapore|Islam]] |10.0% [[Taoism]] and<br>[[Chinese folk religion|folk religion]] |5.0% [[Hinduism in Singapore|Hinduism]] |0.6% [[Religion in Singapore|Others]] }} | demonym = [[Singaporean]] | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Dominant-party system|dominant-party]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Singapore|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Halimah Yacob]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Singapore|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Lee Hsien Loong]] | legislature = [[Parliament of Singapore|Parliament]] | upper_house = | lower_house = | area_km2 = 721.5 | area_footnote = <ref name="total area of Singapore">{{cite web |url= https://data.gov.sg/dataset/total-land-area-of-singapore |title= Population & Land Area (Mid-Year Estimates) |publisher=Statistics Singapore |accessdate=24 January 2018}}</ref> | area_rank = 176th | population_estimate = 5,612,300<ref name="population 2017">{{cite web|title=Population trend|url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/publications/publications_and_papers/population_and_population_structure/population2017.pdf|website=Singstat|publisher=Department of Statistics Singapore|accessdate=5 November 2017|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107010632/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/publications/publications_and_papers/population_and_population_structure/population2017.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2017 | population_estimate_rank = 113th | population_label2 = of which citizens (2015): | population_data2 = 3,375,000<ref name="population 2017"/> | population_density_km2 = 7,796 | population_density_sq_mi = 19,958 | population_density_rank = 3rd | GDP_PPP = $554.855 billion<ref name=imf>{{cite web|title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2018 – Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=40&pr.y=7&sy=2017&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=576&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF)|accessdate=April 1, 2018}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = 39th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $98,014<ref name=imf/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 3rd | GDP_nominal = $349.659 billion<ref name=imf/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = 41st | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $61,766<ref name=imf/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 8th | Gini = 46.4 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2014 | Gini_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="CIA">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html#sn |title=Distribution of family income – Gini Index |year=2015 |publisher=CIA |accessdate=30 September 2015 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=25 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225165827/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html#sn |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | Gini_rank = 30th | HDI = 0.925 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf |title=2016 Human Development Report |year=2016 |accessdate=23 March 2017 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 5th | currency = [[Singapore dollar]] | currency_code = SGD | time_zone = [[Singapore Standard Time|SST]] | utc_offset = +8 | antipodes = | date_format = {{nowrap|dd-mm-yyyy}} | drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic|left]] | calling_code = [[+65]] | iso3166code = SG | cctld = {{hlist|[[.sg]]|[[.新加坡]]|[[.சிங்கப்பூர்]]}} }} {{Coord|1.3|103.8|type:country_dim:60km_region:SG|display=title}} [[File:Flag_of_Singapore.svg|thumb| [[File:Location_Singapore_ASEAN.svg|thumb|Qariirada Singabuur]] Singabuur]] '''Singabuur''' ama '''Jamhuuriyadda Singabuur''' waa wadan [[jasiirad]] ah oo ku yaalo qaarada [[Aasiya]]. waxa ay ku taalaa dhanka koonfureed ee jasiirada [[Malay]] singabuura iyo [[Malaysiya]] waxa u dhexeeya gacan aad u ayar oo kala gooya labada wadan xuduudna u ah.singabuur waa goobta afraad ee dhanka ganacsiga ugu mihiimsan caalamka dekeda singabuur waxa lagu tiriyaa in ay tahay dakada shanaad ee caalamka ugu dhaqdhaqaaqa badan dadka singabuur kunool waxa lagu qiyaasaa ilaa 5 milyan oo qof waxaanay isugu jiraan dad kasoo jeeda hindiya shiinaha iyo meelo kale oo badan $42 dadka kunool jasiiradu waa ajaanib Soomaliya (/ sɪŋ (ɡ) əpɔːr / (ku saabsan codka dhegeysanaya)), si rasmi ah Jamhuuriyadda Singapore, waa magaalo madaxbannaan-gobolka iyo jasiiradda koonfur bari Aasiya. Waxay u dhigantaa hal shahaad (137 kiilo ama 85 mayl) waqooyiga of the equator, cirifka koonfureed ee jasiiradda Malamula, oo leh Indonesia Riau Islands oo koonfurta iyo Peninsular Malaysiya waqooyiga. Dhulka Singapore waxa uu ka kooban yahay jasiirad wayn oo ay weheliyaan 62 xagal oo kale. Tan iyo madax-bannaanida, dib-u-soo-kabashada dhul ballaadhan ayaa kordhiyay wadarteeda wadarta 23% (130 mitir kiiloomitir ama 50 mayl laba jibaaran). Wadankan waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay in uu u wareegayo dunidii saddexaad ilaa dunida koowaad ee hal jiil, iyada oo hogaaminta aabihii aasaasay Lee Kuan Yew. [9] Stamford Raffles wuxuu aasaasay Singapore colonial ee 1819 markii loo dhoofiyay British East India Company. Ka dib markii uu burburay shirkadii 1858, jasiiradaha waxaa lagu soo wareejiyay Rajada Britishka oo ah xuduudaha taajka ah. Intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, Singapore waxaa degay Japan. Waxay ka heshay madaxbannaanideedii Ingiriiska 1963-kii iyada oo lala xiriirinayo dhulal kale oo Ingiriis ah oo ku yaala Malaysia, laakiin waxay kala tageen laba sano ka dib farqiyadii fikradeed, oo noqday qaran madaxbannaan 1965-kii. Ka dib sanado badan oo baaxad ah iyo inkastoo ay jiraan khayraad dabiiciga ah iyo hinterland Qaranku si dhaqso ah ayuu u kobcay dhaqaalaha Tiger Aasiya, oo ku salaysan ganacsiga dibadda iyo shaqaalihiisa. Singapore waa xarun caalami ah oo loogu talagalay waxbarashada, [10] dhaqaalaha, daryeelka caafimaadka, [11] caasimadda, [12] hal-abuurka, [13] saadka, [14] wax-soo-saarka, [15] tiknoolijiyada, [16] dalxiis, [17] , iyo gaadiidka. [18] Magaaladu waxay ku tiirsan tahay heerar kala duwan oo heer caalami ah, waxaana loo aqoonsan yahay inay tahay tan ugu caansan "technology-ready" (WEF), ugu sarreeya magaalooyinka caalamiga ah (UIA), [19] [20] magaalada oo leh "kartida maalgashiga ugu fiican" (BERI ), magaalada ugu caansan adduunka, [21] dalka ugu ammaansan dunida, [22] [23] dalka saddexaad ee ugu tartamaya, suuqa saddexaad ee ugu sarraysa sarrifka lacagaha, xarunta saddexaad ee ugu weyn dhaqaalaha, saldhigga saddexaad ee saliidda iyo saldhigga ganacsiga, shanaad waddan cusub, iyo dekedda labaad ee ugu mashquulsan. [24] Dhaqaaleyahan ayaa ku caanbaxday Singapore oo ah magaalada ugu qaalisan ee ku noolaanshaha, laga bilaabo 2013. [25] Waxaa loo aqoonsaday sida canshuurta canshuurta. Singapore waa waddanka kaliya ee Aasiya oo leh qiimeyn madaxbannaan oo AAA ah oo ka timaado dhammaan hay'adaha qiimeynta ee ugu weyn, iyo mid ka mid ah 11 caalamka oo dhan. Guud ahaan, Dekedda Singapore iyo Changi Airport waxay qabteen horyaalada "Maritime Capital" iyo "Airport Best" sannadihii u dambeeyay, halka Singapore Airlines ay tahay 2018 "Airways Best World". Singapore waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta 5aad ee Qiimaynta Horumarka Aadanaha Qaramada Midoobay iyada oo ku jirta 3-da sare ee ugu sarreeya qofkiiba. Waxaa sare loogu qaadaa tilmaamayaasha muhiimka ah ee bulshada: waxbarashada, daryeelka caafimaadka, rajada nolosha, tayada nolosha, ammaanka qofka iyo guryaha. Inkasta oo sinnaan la'aanta dakhliga ay kor u kacdo, boqolkiiba 90 guryuhu waa mulkiilaha. Baasaboorka Singapore waa kan labaad ee wadajirka ah ee Jarmalka loogu safro dalxiis la'aan la'aanta dalal badan [[File:Parliament House and the Singapore skyline - 2002.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Large white building with a red roof, with a palm-lined path leading up to the main entrance|Singapore's [[Parliament House, Singapore|Parliament House]], beside the [[Singapore River]].]] [[File:Proclamation of Malaysia by Singapore, North Borneo and Sarawak, 1963.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|right|The founding father of modern Singapore, [[Lee Kuan Yew]], declaring the formation of the Federation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963 in Singapore, with Sabah and Sarawak also celebrating along.]] ==Visa Singabuur== 2019-<s>India</s> {{Dalalka Aasiya}} [[Category:Aasiya]] tj6jgjsxs0x8nh3yqf4d6obk9s0ods3 10 9092 238424 172017 2022-07-21T11:41:18Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="position:absolute; {{#if:{{{text-align|}}}|text-align:{{{text-align}}};}} {{#if:{{{font-size|}}}|font-size:{{{font-size}}};}} {{#if:{{{background|}}}|background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5); padding: 0 2px;}} left:{{#expr:{{{x|0}}}*{{#if:{{{scale|}}}|{{{scale}}}|400}}-6}}px; top:{{#expr:{{{y|0}}}*{{#if:{{{scale|}}}|{{{scale}}}|400}}-8}}px">{{#ifexpr:({{{x|0}}}*{{#if:{{{scale|}}}|{{{scale}}}|400}}-6)>800|[[Category:Pages using image label with a wide image]]|}}{{#ifexpr:({{{y|0}}}*{{#if:{{{scale|}}}|{{{scale}}}|400}}-8)>800|[[Category:Pages using image label with a tall image]]|}}{{{text}}}</div></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Image label begin/doc}}</noinclude> hbmjpowucn1yo7k02u53lfogskb1xrm 0 9302 238334 238271 2022-07-20T15:14:09Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Windows 8 logo and wordmark.svg|thumbnail|500px|Astaanka Windows 8]] '''Windows 8''' waxaa haatan shirkada Microsoft ay soo saartay 1 Agoosta 2012, Barnaamij Cusub oo la yiraahdo Windows 8, iyadoo suuqyadana lagu sii daayay 26 Oktoobar 2012, waxana uu ka fiican yahay [[Windows 7]] oo ka dhakhso badan yahay. =Tixraacyada= ---- [[Windows 7]] – [[Windows 8]] – [[Windows 8.1]] ---- [[Category:Kumbuyuutarada]] [[Category:Microsoft]] [[Category:Teknooloji]] tlbmsecrdxjlc5kwy89cdfrkuv9hyxg 238335 238334 2022-07-20T15:14:27Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Windows 8 logo and wordmark.svg|thumbnail|500px|Astaanka Windows 8]] '''Windows 8''' waxaa haatan shirkada Microsoft ay soo saartay 1 Agoosta 2012, Barnaamij Cusub oo la yiraahdo Windows 8, iyadoo suuqyadana lagu sii daayay 26 Oktoobar 2012, waxana uu ka fiican yahay [[Windows 7]] oo ka dhakhso badan yahay. =Tixraacyada= ---- [[Windows 7]] – [[Windows 8]] – [[Windows 8.1]] ---- [[Category:Kumbuyuutarada]] [[Category:Microsoft]] [[Category:Teknooloji]] {{stub}} bhzrovpoyb5lfe0l0ynm606noro8bfp 0 12203 238352 224032 2022-07-20T15:42:12Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ilc 9yr moll4096.png|thumb| maab lagu muujinayo Baaxada Koonka]] [[File:Constellation Fornax, EXtreme Deep Field.jpg|thumb| Qaar ka mid ah Muuqaalka [[Xidig]]aha iyo [[Meere]]yaal aad u badan]] '''{{big|Koonka}}''' ({{lang-en|Universe}}) waa jiritaanka guud ee dhamaan [[Meere]]yaasha, [[Xidig]]aha, [[Galaagsi]]yada, baaxado banaan iyo wixii ku dhex jira ee [[Walax]] ''matter'', noole iyo wax walba oo kale ah. Koonku aad ayuu u balaadhan yahay waxana lagu qiyaasaa in ka badan 90 bilyan sanadka-iftiinka. Sida uu sheegay [[Cilmi Fallag]]u koonkan eeynu ku nool nahay waxa jira in ka badan bilyan meere, kuwaas oo ku baahsan geesaha ''koonka''. [[File:4 Terrestrial Planets Size Comp True Color.png|thumb| Qaar ka mid ah [[Meere]]yaasha [[Bahda Midaysay Qoraxdu]] ]] Caalamku bilow buu lahaa. Ilaahay baa caalamka abuuray. Abuuridda waxay qaadatay malaayiin sano. * [https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/farriinta-kitaabka/abuuraha-binu-ʼ-aadanka-jannuu-siiyay/ Abuuraha Binuʼaadanka Jannuu Siiyay] * '''[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/fiidiyow/#so/mediaitems/pub-lffv_31_VIDEO Adduunku Waxba Kama Laalaado]''' * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/VODBibleCreation/pub-ivwc_6_VIDEO The Wonders of Creation Reveal God's Glory—Slide Show] (en) * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/VODBibleTeachings/pub-ebtv_1_VIDEO Was the Universe Created?] (en) * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/awake-no3-2021-nov-dec/universe-tells-us-about-creation/ What the Universe Tells Us] (en) == Taariikhda Koonka == == Meereyaasha, Xidigaha iyo Qoraxyada == == Aqoonta Aadamaha iyo Koonka == === Bahda Midaysay Qoraxdu === Sawiraantan hoose waa xubnaha ka tirsan [[Bahda Midaysay Qoraxdu]] iyo sharaxaada xajmiga [[Meere]]yaasha iyo [[dayax]]yadooda. [[Qorax]]da in ka badan 10,000 oo jeer ayay ka weeyn tahay isla markaana 41 trillion ayay ka mug iyo cuf weeyn tahay dhamaantood. <noinclude> <!-- Sawiraan ka kooban xubnaha Bahda Midaysay Qoraxdu iyo sharaxaada xajmiga Meereyaasha iyo dayaxyadooda. Qoraxda in ka badan 10,000 oo jeer ayay ka weeyn tahay isla markaana 41 trillion ayay ka mug iyo cuf weeyn tahay dhamaantood. --> </noinclude> {| class="wikitable" style="font-weight: margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" |+ Solar System |- style="background: black;" | | [[File:Jupiter by Cassini-Huygens.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Saturn during Equinox.jpg|center|100x100px]] <!-- [[File:Saturn (planet) large.jpg|center|100x100px]]--> | [[File:Uranus2.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Neptune.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Venus-real.jpg|100x100px]] |- | [[Qorax]]<br /><small>(Xidig)</small> | [[Cirjeex]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Raage]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Uroono]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Docey]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Dhul]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Waxaraxir]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> |- style="background: black;" | [[File:Mars Hubble.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Ganymede g1 true 2.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Two Halves of Titan.png|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Mercury in color - Prockter07-edit1.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Callisto.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Io highest resolution true color.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:FullMoon2010.jpg|center|100x100px]] |- | [[Farraare]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Ganymede (dayax)|Ganymede]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Cirjeex)</small> | [[Titan (dayax)|Titan]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Dusaa (meere)|Dusaa]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Callisto (dayax)|Callisto]]<br /><small>(dayax Cirjeex)</small> | [[Io (dayax)|Io]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Cirjeex)</small> | [[Dayax]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Dhulka)</small> |- style="background: black;" | [[File:Europa-moon.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Triton Voyager 2.jpg|center|100x100px]] <!--[[File:Triton moon mosaic Voyager 2 (large).jpg|center|100x100px]]--> | [[File:Titania (moon) color cropped.jpg|center|110x110px]] | [[File:PIA07763 Rhea full globe5.jpg|center|110x110px]] | [[File:Voyager 2 picture of Oberon.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Iapetus as seen by the Cassini probe - 20071008.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:PIA00040_Umbrielx2.47.jpg|center|100x100px]] |- | [[Europa (dayax)|Europa]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Cirjeex)</small> | [[Triton (dayax)|Triton]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Docey)</small> | [[Titania (dayax)|Titania]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Uraano)</small> | [[Rhea (moon)|Rhea]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Oberon (moon)|Oberon]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Uroone)</small> | [[Iapetus (moon)|Iapetus]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Umbriel (moon)|Umbriel]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Uroone)</small> |- style="background: black;" | [[File:Color Image of Ariel as seen from Voyager 2.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Dione (Mond) (30823363).jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Inset-sat tethys-large.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Ceres optimized.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Vesta_full_mosaic.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Enceladus from Voyager.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Miranda.jpg|center|100x100px]] |- | [[Ariel (moon)|Ariel]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Uroone)</small> | [[Dione (moon)|Dione]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Tethys (moon)|Tethys]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Ceres (meere yar)|Ceres]]<br /><small>(meere yar)</small> | [[4 Vesta|Vesta]]<br /><small>(asteroid)</small> | [[Enceladus (moon)|Enceladus]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Miranda (moon)|Miranda]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Uroone)</small> |- style="background: black;" | [[File:Proteus Voyager 2 croped.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Mimas moon.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Hyperion in natural colours.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Phoebe cassini.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:PIA12714 Janus crop.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:PIA09813 Epimetheus S. polar region.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Prometheus 12-26-09a.jpg|center|100x100px]] |- | [[Proteus (moon)|Proteus]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Docey)</small> | [[Mimas (moon)|Mimas]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Hyperion (moon)|Hyperion]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Phoebe (moon)|Phoebe]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Janus (moon)|Janus]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Epimetheus (moon)|Epimetheus]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Prometheus (moon)|Prometheus]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> |- | colspan="7"| {{navbar|SolarSummary}} |- |}<noinclude> </noinclude> {{Gumud}} [[Category:Astronomy templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Cilmi Falag]] [[Category:Saynis]] [[Category:Cilmiga Xidigaha]] [[Category:Xiddigis]] [[Category:Bahda Midaysay Qoraxdu]] [[Category:Juquraafi]] nzxiat461a4a66i47lyqza1d059fcgy 238353 238352 2022-07-20T15:42:31Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ilc 9yr moll4096.png|thumb| maab lagu muujinayo Baaxada Koonka]] [[File:Constellation Fornax, EXtreme Deep Field.jpg|thumb| Qaar ka mid ah Muuqaalka [[Xidig]]aha iyo [[Meere]]yaal aad u badan]] '''{{big|Koonka}}''' ({{lang-en|Universe}}) waa jiritaanka guud ee dhamaan [[Meere]]yaasha, [[Xidig]]aha, [[Galaagsi]]yada, baaxado banaan iyo wixii ku dhex jira ee [[Walax]] ''matter'', noole iyo wax walba oo kale ah. Koonku aad ayuu u balaadhan yahay waxana lagu qiyaasaa in ka badan 90 bilyan sanadka-iftiinka. Sida uu sheegay [[Cilmi Fallag]]u koonkan eeynu ku nool nahay waxa jira in ka badan bilyan meere, kuwaas oo ku baahsan geesaha ''koonka''. [[File:4 Terrestrial Planets Size Comp True Color.png|thumb| Qaar ka mid ah [[Meere]]yaasha [[Bahda Midaysay Qoraxdu]] ]] Caalamku bilow buu lahaa. Ilaahay baa caalamka abuuray. Abuuridda waxay qaadatay malaayiin sano. == Taariikhda Koonka == == Meereyaasha, Xidigaha iyo Qoraxyada == == Aqoonta Aadamaha iyo Koonka == === Bahda Midaysay Qoraxdu === Sawiraantan hoose waa xubnaha ka tirsan [[Bahda Midaysay Qoraxdu]] iyo sharaxaada xajmiga [[Meere]]yaasha iyo [[dayax]]yadooda. [[Qorax]]da in ka badan 10,000 oo jeer ayay ka weeyn tahay isla markaana 41 trillion ayay ka mug iyo cuf weeyn tahay dhamaantood. <noinclude> <!-- Sawiraan ka kooban xubnaha Bahda Midaysay Qoraxdu iyo sharaxaada xajmiga Meereyaasha iyo dayaxyadooda. Qoraxda in ka badan 10,000 oo jeer ayay ka weeyn tahay isla markaana 41 trillion ayay ka mug iyo cuf weeyn tahay dhamaantood. --> </noinclude> {| class="wikitable" style="font-weight: margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" |+ Solar System |- style="background: black;" | | [[File:Jupiter by Cassini-Huygens.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Saturn during Equinox.jpg|center|100x100px]] <!-- [[File:Saturn (planet) large.jpg|center|100x100px]]--> | [[File:Uranus2.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Neptune.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Venus-real.jpg|100x100px]] |- | [[Qorax]]<br /><small>(Xidig)</small> | [[Cirjeex]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Raage]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Uroono]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Docey]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Dhul]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Waxaraxir]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> |- style="background: black;" | [[File:Mars Hubble.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Ganymede g1 true 2.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Two Halves of Titan.png|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Mercury in color - Prockter07-edit1.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Callisto.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Io highest resolution true color.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:FullMoon2010.jpg|center|100x100px]] |- | [[Farraare]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Ganymede (dayax)|Ganymede]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Cirjeex)</small> | [[Titan (dayax)|Titan]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Dusaa (meere)|Dusaa]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Callisto (dayax)|Callisto]]<br /><small>(dayax Cirjeex)</small> | [[Io (dayax)|Io]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Cirjeex)</small> | [[Dayax]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Dhulka)</small> |- style="background: black;" | [[File:Europa-moon.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Triton Voyager 2.jpg|center|100x100px]] <!--[[File:Triton moon mosaic Voyager 2 (large).jpg|center|100x100px]]--> | [[File:Titania (moon) color cropped.jpg|center|110x110px]] | [[File:PIA07763 Rhea full globe5.jpg|center|110x110px]] | [[File:Voyager 2 picture of Oberon.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Iapetus as seen by the Cassini probe - 20071008.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:PIA00040_Umbrielx2.47.jpg|center|100x100px]] |- | [[Europa (dayax)|Europa]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Cirjeex)</small> | [[Triton (dayax)|Triton]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Docey)</small> | [[Titania (dayax)|Titania]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Uraano)</small> | [[Rhea (moon)|Rhea]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Oberon (moon)|Oberon]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Uroone)</small> | [[Iapetus (moon)|Iapetus]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Umbriel (moon)|Umbriel]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Uroone)</small> |- style="background: black;" | [[File:Color Image of Ariel as seen from Voyager 2.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Dione (Mond) (30823363).jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Inset-sat tethys-large.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Ceres optimized.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Vesta_full_mosaic.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Enceladus from Voyager.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Miranda.jpg|center|100x100px]] |- | [[Ariel (moon)|Ariel]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Uroone)</small> | [[Dione (moon)|Dione]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Tethys (moon)|Tethys]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Ceres (meere yar)|Ceres]]<br /><small>(meere yar)</small> | [[4 Vesta|Vesta]]<br /><small>(asteroid)</small> | [[Enceladus (moon)|Enceladus]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Miranda (moon)|Miranda]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Uroone)</small> |- style="background: black;" | [[File:Proteus Voyager 2 croped.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Mimas moon.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Hyperion in natural colours.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Phoebe cassini.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:PIA12714 Janus crop.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:PIA09813 Epimetheus S. polar region.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Prometheus 12-26-09a.jpg|center|100x100px]] |- | [[Proteus (moon)|Proteus]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Docey)</small> | [[Mimas (moon)|Mimas]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Hyperion (moon)|Hyperion]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Phoebe (moon)|Phoebe]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Janus (moon)|Janus]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Epimetheus (moon)|Epimetheus]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Prometheus (moon)|Prometheus]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> |- | colspan="7"| {{navbar|SolarSummary}} |- |}<noinclude> </noinclude> {{Gumud}} [[Category:Astronomy templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Cilmi Falag]] [[Category:Saynis]] [[Category:Cilmiga Xidigaha]] [[Category:Xiddigis]] [[Category:Bahda Midaysay Qoraxdu]] [[Category:Juquraafi]] p41iwpsj2480r37pjza62656co99njt 238354 238353 2022-07-20T15:43:03Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ilc 9yr moll4096.png|thumb| maab lagu muujinayo Baaxada Koonka]] [[File:Constellation Fornax, EXtreme Deep Field.jpg|thumb| Qaar ka mid ah Muuqaalka [[Xidig]]aha iyo [[Meere]]yaal aad u badan]] '''{{big|Koonka}}''' ({{lang-en|Universe}}) waa jiritaanka guud ee dhamaan [[Meere]]yaasha, [[Xidig]]aha, [[Galaagsi]]yada, baaxado banaan iyo wixii ku dhex jira ee [[Walax]] ''matter'', noole iyo wax walba oo kale ah. Koonku aad ayuu u balaadhan yahay waxana lagu qiyaasaa in ka badan 90 bilyan sanadka-iftiinka. Sida uu sheegay [[Cilmi Fallag]]u koonkan eeynu ku nool nahay waxa jira in ka badan bilyan meere, kuwaas oo ku baahsan geesaha ''koonka''. [[File:4 Terrestrial Planets Size Comp True Color.png|thumb| Qaar ka mid ah [[Meere]]yaasha [[Bahda Midaysay Qoraxdu]] ]] Caalamku bilow buu lahaa. Ilaahay baa caalamka abuuray. Abuuridda waxay qaadatay malaayiin sano. == Taariikhda Koonka == == Meereyaasha, Xidigaha iyo Qoraxyada == == Aqoonta Aadamaha iyo Koonka == === Bahda Midaysay Qoraxdu === Sawiraantan hoose waa xubnaha ka tirsan [[Bahda Midaysay Qoraxdu]] iyo sharaxaada xajmiga [[Meere]]yaasha iyo [[dayax]]yadooda. [[Qorax]]da in ka badan 10,000 oo jeer ayay ka weeyn tahay isla markaana 41 trillion ayay ka mug iyo cuf weeyn tahay dhamaantood. <noinclude> <!-- Sawiraan ka kooban xubnaha Bahda Midaysay Qoraxdu iyo sharaxaada xajmiga Meereyaasha iyo dayaxyadooda. Qoraxda in ka badan 10,000 oo jeer ayay ka weeyn tahay isla markaana 41 trillion ayay ka mug iyo cuf weeyn tahay dhamaantood. --> </noinclude> {| class="wikitable" style="font-weight: margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" |+ Solar System |- style="background: black;" | | [[File:Jupiter by Cassini-Huygens.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Saturn during Equinox.jpg|center|100x100px]] <!-- [[File:Saturn (planet) large.jpg|center|100x100px]]--> | [[File:Uranus2.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Neptune.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Venus-real.jpg|100x100px]] |- | [[Qorax]]<br /><small>(Xidig)</small> | [[Cirjeex]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Raage]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Uroono]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Docey]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Dhul]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Waxaraxir]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> |- style="background: black;" | [[File:Mars Hubble.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Ganymede g1 true 2.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Two Halves of Titan.png|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Mercury in color - Prockter07-edit1.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Callisto.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Io highest resolution true color.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:FullMoon2010.jpg|center|100x100px]] |- | [[Farraare]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Ganymede (dayax)|Ganymede]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Cirjeex)</small> | [[Titan (dayax)|Titan]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Dusaa (meere)|Dusaa]]<br /><small>(meere)</small> | [[Callisto (dayax)|Callisto]]<br /><small>(dayax Cirjeex)</small> | [[Io (dayax)|Io]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Cirjeex)</small> | [[Dayax]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Dhulka)</small> |- style="background: black;" | [[File:Europa-moon.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Triton Voyager 2.jpg|center|100x100px]] <!--[[File:Triton moon mosaic Voyager 2 (large).jpg|center|100x100px]]--> | [[File:Titania (moon) color cropped.jpg|center|110x110px]] | [[File:PIA07763 Rhea full globe5.jpg|center|110x110px]] | [[File:Voyager 2 picture of Oberon.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Iapetus as seen by the Cassini probe - 20071008.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:PIA00040_Umbrielx2.47.jpg|center|100x100px]] |- | [[Europa (dayax)|Europa]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Cirjeex)</small> | [[Triton (dayax)|Triton]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Docey)</small> | [[Titania (dayax)|Titania]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Uraano)</small> | [[Rhea (moon)|Rhea]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Oberon (moon)|Oberon]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Uroone)</small> | [[Iapetus (moon)|Iapetus]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Umbriel (moon)|Umbriel]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Uroone)</small> |- style="background: black;" | [[File:Color Image of Ariel as seen from Voyager 2.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Dione (Mond) (30823363).jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Inset-sat tethys-large.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Ceres optimized.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Vesta_full_mosaic.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Enceladus from Voyager.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Miranda.jpg|center|100x100px]] |- | [[Ariel (moon)|Ariel]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Uroone)</small> | [[Dione (moon)|Dione]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Tethys (moon)|Tethys]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Ceres (meere yar)|Ceres]]<br /><small>(meere yar)</small> | [[4 Vesta|Vesta]]<br /><small>(asteroid)</small> | [[Enceladus (moon)|Enceladus]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Miranda (moon)|Miranda]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Uroone)</small> |- style="background: black;" | [[File:Proteus Voyager 2 croped.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Mimas moon.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Hyperion in natural colours.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Phoebe cassini.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:PIA12714 Janus crop.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:PIA09813 Epimetheus S. polar region.jpg|center|100x100px]] | [[File:Prometheus 12-26-09a.jpg|center|100x100px]] |- | [[Proteus (moon)|Proteus]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Docey)</small> | [[Mimas (moon)|Mimas]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Hyperion (moon)|Hyperion]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Phoebe (moon)|Phoebe]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Janus (moon)|Janus]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Epimetheus (moon)|Epimetheus]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> | [[Prometheus (moon)|Prometheus]]<br /><small>(dayaxa Raage)</small> |- | colspan="7"| {{navbar|SolarSummary}} |- |}<noinclude> </noinclude> ==Tixraacyada== * [https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/farriinta-kitaabka/abuuraha-binu-ʼ-aadanka-jannuu-siiyay/ Abuuraha Binuʼaadanka Jannuu Siiyay] * '''[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/fiidiyow/#so/mediaitems/pub-lffv_31_VIDEO Adduunku Waxba Kama Laalaado]''' * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/VODBibleCreation/pub-ivwc_6_VIDEO The Wonders of Creation Reveal God's Glory—Slide Show] (en) * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/VODBibleTeachings/pub-ebtv_1_VIDEO Was the Universe Created?] (en) * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/awake-no3-2021-nov-dec/universe-tells-us-about-creation/ What the Universe Tells Us] (en) {{Gumud}} [[Category:Astronomy templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Cilmi Falag]] [[Category:Saynis]] [[Category:Cilmiga Xidigaha]] [[Category:Xiddigis]] [[Category:Bahda Midaysay Qoraxdu]] [[Category:Juquraafi]] 4tfh2v3n37cu05b8gi15lnf6oqoc1v7 0 17115 238390 237790 2022-07-21T09:34:57Z 62.140.210.135 /* Dagaalkii Sokeeyay ee Mareykanka */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|40|43|N|74|00|W|display=title}} {{Dalalka |native_name = Gobolada Midoobay ee Mareykanka |conventional_long_name = ''United States of America'' |common_name = Mareykan |qaarada = [[Ameerika]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the United States.svg |sawir_qaran = US-GreatSeal-Obverse.svg |image_map = United States (orthographic projection).svg |caasimada = [[Washington]] |luuqadaha = [[Ingiriis]] |Dawladda = &nbsp; |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweyne]] |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[madaxweyne ku xigeen]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = [[Joe Biden]] |magac_hogaamiye2 = [[Kamala Harris]] |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |Gdp: = 21.00 Trilliyan Dollarka |bed = 9,826,675 km<sup>2 |areami² = 3,794,101 sq mi |biyo = 6.76 |population_estimate = 335,075,000 + |population_estimate_year = 2021 |lacagta = [[Dollar]] 22.99 Trillion Dollar |wakhti = [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] |furaha_wadanka lagu galo = 1 |footnote1 = |footnote2 = }} '''Gobolada Midoobay ee Mareykanka, GMM,''' loosoo gaabiyo '''Mareykanka''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi]]: United States of America, USA; [[carabi]]: الولايات المتحدة) waa dawlad Federaal Dastuuri ah dhacdana bartamaha [[Waqooyiga Ameerika]]. Waxay ka koobantahay 49 gobol iyo [[Washington D.C|Degmada Kolombia]], (D.C. ama "District of Colombia"), oo ah magaalo-madaxda wadanka iyo xarunta dowlada wadanka. Waxaa ka xiga dhanka waqooyi [[Kanada]], koofur [[Meksiko]], iyo Gobolka Alaska oo dhaca Waqooyi Galbeed Qaarada '''[[Ameerika]]'''. Masaaxada (badka) wadanka Mareekanka waa 9.83 milyan km², tirada dadkane waa 309 milyan Dawlada Mareykanka n xaga dhulka ama badka wadanka ku fadhiyo, waana dawlada seddexaad ee ugu dad badan aduunka, dad degen dalka mareykanka waxee gaarayaan ilaa 310 miliyan oo qof. Sidoo kale waa wadanka koowaad oo ay ku noolyihiin dad kala dhaqan iyo kala asal ah. Dhaqaalaha Mareykanka waa kan ugu balaaran dunida, ayadoo lagu qiyaasay sanadii 2018 aduun dhan '''[[lacag|12.5 tiriliyan]]''' oo [[Dollar]]ka [[Mareykanka]] wax soo saarka wadanka ee dabada loo iib geeyo. [[File:LosAngeles06.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] [[File:Pacific_Bell_logo.svg|thumb|right|240px|]] Wadanka Mareykanka wuxuu xonimadiisa ka helay gumeestihii [[Ingriiska|Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska]] sanadka marka oo ahaa 1776ii, wakhtigaasi oo Mareykanku ka koobnaa 13gabol oo ku yaalay dhinaca bariga ee dalkaas. Wadanka waxoo balaaraday bilaawgii 1800meeyadii, waxoona gobolo ka qabsaday wadamada [[Faransiiska]], [[Spania|Isbaanishka]], [[Ingriiska]], [[Maksiko]], iyo Ruushka, waxoona ku sii darsaday labada gobol oo markaas ahaa jamhuuriyado, [[Teksas]] iyo jasiirada [[Hawaay]]. Khilaafkii ka dhashtay Gobolada Koonfurta iyo woqooyiga oo markaas ku murmaayay xukunka gobolada iyo dhinaca adoomada waxoo sababay dagaalkii sokeeyay oo dhacay sanadka marka oo ahaa 1860meeyadii. Gobolada woqooyiga ayaa ku guuleestay in ee wadanka mideeyaan isla markaaas neh oo joogsaday adoonsiga. [[Dagaalkii mareykanka iyo spania]] iyo dagaalkii aduunka kii labaad, militariga mareykanka waxaa lagu gartay in oo yahay kan ugu awooda badan aduunka.dhamaadkii Dagaalkii aduunka kii 2aadm, waxoo wadanka mareykanka ahaa wadanka kaliya oo watay bombada halista ah ee looyaqaan atombomb.Marka ee dhacday xukunkii soviet union 1991kii , wadanka mareykanka waxoo ku soo baxay wadanka kaliya oo ugu awooda ween aduunka. ==Boqolkiiba IMF== ===17%=== ==Xubin== * [[IMF]] * [[IADB]] * [[NATO]] * [[OECD]] * [[ICSID]] * [[World Bank]] * [[Kooxda Labaatanka]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] ==Dagaalkii Sokeeyay ee Mareykanka == Bartamihii Qarniga sagaal iyo tobnaad ayaa waxaa ka dhex qarxay dagaal Sokeeye oo ka dhaxeeye gobolada Mareykanka, Halkaas oo Kow iyo toban(11) Gobol oo hogaaminaayay Jefrison Deevis sheegteen in ay ka go'ayaan gobolada kale ee mareekanka. Waxeyna aasaasteen Gobolada Konfodaraaliga ee Mareykanka, Sidoo kale waxey ku dhawaaqeyn dagaal ka dhan Mareykanka. Xilligii doorashada guud ee Madaxtinimada Mareykanka sanadku markuu ahaay 1860 ayaa [[Xizbiga Jamhuuriga]] olole ka dhan ah bilaabay balaarinta adoonsiga meel ka baxsan Mareykanka. Arinkaas oo keentay in ay ku guuleeystaan Xizbiga Jamhuuriga doorashada. [[File:Kellogg's-Logo.svg|thumb|right|200px|]] Madaxweynihii ku guuleystay xilligaas [[Abraham Linkolon]] intuusan fariisan xafiiska 4 tii maarso 1861 ayaa todobo gobol iclaamiyeyn in ay ka go'ayaan mareynka taas oo ay kasoo horjeesteen maamulkii markaas jiray iyo kii hore waxeyna u arkeen fal jabhadnimo. waxaana bilawday dagaalkii 12 Abriil 1861 kadib markii ay weerar kusoo qaadeen xoogagii Konfadaraaliga ahaay Fariisin Ciidan oo ay laheyd Mareykanka ooo lagu magacaabi jiray Foorto Somatir ee ku taalay gobolka [[koraliina]] koonfurtiisa, Ayadoo arinkaas laga jawaabayo ayuu madaxweyne Linkolon ku baaqay in la sameeyo ciidan mutadawac ah gobol kasta, taas oo keentay in afar gobol kale ay ayagane sheegtaan gooni istaag. Labadii dhinac waxoo mid kastaba u diyaar garoway dagaal halkaas oo qabsaday mareykanka gobolada xadka kuyaal waxoona xayiraad saaray dhinaca bada Sebtember 1962, Linkolon waxuu ku baaqay in la xarooyo dhamaan dadkii la adoonsanayay kaas oo soo gabagabeeyay dagaalkii adoonsiga ee qeybta koonfurta. Sidoo kale hogaamiyihii konfadaraaliga Roberto Ii Lii waxow awood u yeeshay inuu guulo ka keeno dagaalo ka dhacay dhinaca Bariga, Laakin sanadii 1863 uma aysan suura galin inuu kusii socda dhankii waqooyiga kadib dagaaalkii Jitesbergi. dhankale Mareykankagdhhggdh waxey ku siqeyn dhanka galbeedka ayagoo qabsaday wabiga Missisibi kadib dagaalkii Fikesberg. [[File:McDonald's_logo.svg|thumb|right|200px|{{Flag|United States}}]] [[File:The_Indianapolis_Star_front_page.jpg|thumb|right|300px|]] ===Naatiijadii Dagaalkii sokeeye=== Dhamaan dadkii adoomada ahaay oo ay heesteen goboladii konfidereytka waa la xarooyay ayadoo ay ku guuleysteyn kuwii kasoo horjeeday goooni ugoosadka konfidereytka sanadii 1865 dagaalka waxuu dhib dhaliyay 1 milyan oo dhibane (3% dadka mareykanka) taas oo ay ku jirtay 620,000 oo dhimashada askarta ah. Ayadoo 4 Milyan oo dad madow la adoonsado la xoreeyay. ==Juquraafi== Wadanka mareykanka waa wadanka 3aad oo ugu weyn aduunka, waxoo ku xigaa [[Ruushka]] iyo [[Kanada]]. wadanka mareykanka waxoo xuduudka ugu dheer la leeyahay Dalka Kanada oo ka xiga dhinaca woqooyiga, waxaa ku xiga [[Meksiko]] oo ka xigta Koonfurta. Dhinaca bariga waxaa kaga dhegen [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] dhinaca Galbeedka neh [[Badweynta Baasifik]].Wadanka [[Mareykanka]] waxa uu leeyahay muuqaalo dabiici ah sida: buuro, geedo iyo saxaro kuwaasoo dhaca koonfur galbeed. [[File:Green_Line_trains_on_both_tracks.jpg|thumb|right|400px|metroka minnesota USA]] ==Jawiga== Maadaama oo wadanka weyn yahay, wadanka mareykanka waxoo leeyahay jawi aad u kala duwan. Dhinaca woqooyiga mareykanka waxoo leeyahy xiliyo isbedel ah oo hawo qaboow iyo baraf oo kadhaco, Koonfurta wadanka waa kuleel oo qorax joogta ah.wadanka maraykanku waxa uu leeyahay jawiyo kalagadisan. taas macnaheedu waxa weeyaaan hadaad ka tagto gobol cimiladiisu kulushahay waxa laga yaabaa inaad gasho mid ku jirra qabaw. ==Daadka deggan Maraykanka== * {{Flag|South Korea}} 80,000+ * {{Flag|Italy}} 400,000+ * {{Flag|Brazil}} 130,000+ * {{Flag|Egypt}} 150,000+ * {{Flag|Mexico}} 600,000+ * {{Flag|Nigeria}} 200,000+ * {{Flag|China}} 510,000+ ==Beeraha iyo xayawaanaadka== Wadanka mareykanka waxoo leeyahay geedo iyo beero kala duwan oo 17000 ka badan oo wadanka mareykanka u gaar ah. Wadanka mareykanka waxoo leeyahay meelo badan oo xayawaanaadka lagu xanaaneeyo. Meesha ugu horeysay aduunka oo Xayawaanaadka lagu xanaaneeyo waxee eheed [[Xanaanada Xayawaanaadka|Yellowstone]], waxaa la sameeyay 1872dii, markaas kadib wadanka mareykanka waxaa laga sameeyay 57 meel oo xayawaanaadka lagu xanaaneeyo. ===Taariikh kooban=== Wadanka Mareykanka wuxuu leeyahay magaalooyin waaweyn waxaana kamid ah magaalooyonkaas New York, Los Angels iyo Las Vegas. Caasimada wadanka waa Washington. Mareykanka waa wadan aad uweyn waan wadanka sadaxaad ee ugu weyn caalamka. Madaxweynaha Mareykanka waa Donald Trump. ===Diinta=== Mareykanka(USA) wuxuu leeyahay diimo aad ufaro badan waxaana ugu badan dadka heesto diinta Karishtaanka waxaana qaar ey heestaan diimaha kale sida Yahuuda ayaa labeeso Karishtaanka wexeyna sidoo kale heestaan Islaamka, Hinduuga iyo Buudhistaha. ==Sido kale fiiri== *[[Canada]] *[[Mexico]] {{Dalalka Woqooyiga Ameerika‎}} {{stub}} q3n6tgouxrra4d4tutzqzupubz8uqib 238391 238390 2022-07-21T09:35:58Z 62.140.210.135 /* Dagaalkii Sokeeyay ee Mareykanka */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|40|43|N|74|00|W|display=title}} {{Dalalka |native_name = Gobolada Midoobay ee Mareykanka |conventional_long_name = ''United States of America'' |common_name = Mareykan |qaarada = [[Ameerika]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the United States.svg |sawir_qaran = US-GreatSeal-Obverse.svg |image_map = United States (orthographic projection).svg |caasimada = [[Washington]] |luuqadaha = [[Ingiriis]] |Dawladda = &nbsp; |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweyne]] |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[madaxweyne ku xigeen]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = [[Joe Biden]] |magac_hogaamiye2 = [[Kamala Harris]] |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |Gdp: = 21.00 Trilliyan Dollarka |bed = 9,826,675 km<sup>2 |areami² = 3,794,101 sq mi |biyo = 6.76 |population_estimate = 335,075,000 + |population_estimate_year = 2021 |lacagta = [[Dollar]] 22.99 Trillion Dollar |wakhti = [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] |furaha_wadanka lagu galo = 1 |footnote1 = |footnote2 = }} '''Gobolada Midoobay ee Mareykanka, GMM,''' loosoo gaabiyo '''Mareykanka''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi]]: United States of America, USA; [[carabi]]: الولايات المتحدة) waa dawlad Federaal Dastuuri ah dhacdana bartamaha [[Waqooyiga Ameerika]]. Waxay ka koobantahay 49 gobol iyo [[Washington D.C|Degmada Kolombia]], (D.C. ama "District of Colombia"), oo ah magaalo-madaxda wadanka iyo xarunta dowlada wadanka. Waxaa ka xiga dhanka waqooyi [[Kanada]], koofur [[Meksiko]], iyo Gobolka Alaska oo dhaca Waqooyi Galbeed Qaarada '''[[Ameerika]]'''. Masaaxada (badka) wadanka Mareekanka waa 9.83 milyan km², tirada dadkane waa 309 milyan Dawlada Mareykanka n xaga dhulka ama badka wadanka ku fadhiyo, waana dawlada seddexaad ee ugu dad badan aduunka, dad degen dalka mareykanka waxee gaarayaan ilaa 310 miliyan oo qof. Sidoo kale waa wadanka koowaad oo ay ku noolyihiin dad kala dhaqan iyo kala asal ah. Dhaqaalaha Mareykanka waa kan ugu balaaran dunida, ayadoo lagu qiyaasay sanadii 2018 aduun dhan '''[[lacag|12.5 tiriliyan]]''' oo [[Dollar]]ka [[Mareykanka]] wax soo saarka wadanka ee dabada loo iib geeyo. [[File:LosAngeles06.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] [[File:Pacific_Bell_logo.svg|thumb|right|240px|]] Wadanka Mareykanka wuxuu xonimadiisa ka helay gumeestihii [[Ingriiska|Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska]] sanadka marka oo ahaa 1776ii, wakhtigaasi oo Mareykanku ka koobnaa 13gabol oo ku yaalay dhinaca bariga ee dalkaas. Wadanka waxoo balaaraday bilaawgii 1800meeyadii, waxoona gobolo ka qabsaday wadamada [[Faransiiska]], [[Spania|Isbaanishka]], [[Ingriiska]], [[Maksiko]], iyo Ruushka, waxoona ku sii darsaday labada gobol oo markaas ahaa jamhuuriyado, [[Teksas]] iyo jasiirada [[Hawaay]]. Khilaafkii ka dhashtay Gobolada Koonfurta iyo woqooyiga oo markaas ku murmaayay xukunka gobolada iyo dhinaca adoomada waxoo sababay dagaalkii sokeeyay oo dhacay sanadka marka oo ahaa 1860meeyadii. Gobolada woqooyiga ayaa ku guuleestay in ee wadanka mideeyaan isla markaaas neh oo joogsaday adoonsiga. [[Dagaalkii mareykanka iyo spania]] iyo dagaalkii aduunka kii labaad, militariga mareykanka waxaa lagu gartay in oo yahay kan ugu awooda badan aduunka.dhamaadkii Dagaalkii aduunka kii 2aadm, waxoo wadanka mareykanka ahaa wadanka kaliya oo watay bombada halista ah ee looyaqaan atombomb.Marka ee dhacday xukunkii soviet union 1991kii , wadanka mareykanka waxoo ku soo baxay wadanka kaliya oo ugu awooda ween aduunka. ==Boqolkiiba IMF== ===17%=== ==Xubin== * [[IMF]] * [[IADB]] * [[NATO]] * [[OECD]] * [[ICSID]] * [[World Bank]] * [[Kooxda Labaatanka]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] ==Dagaalkii Sokeeyay ee Mareykanka == Bartamihii Qarniga sagaal iyo tobnaad ayaa waxaa ka dhex qarxay dagaal Sokeeye oo ka dhaxeeye gobolada Mareykanka, Halkaas oo Kow iyo toban(11) Gobol oo hogaaminaayay Jefrison Deevis sheegteen in ay ka go'ayaan gobolada kale ee mareekanka. Waxeyna aasaasteen Gobolada Konfodaraaliga ee Mareykanka, Sidoo kale waxey ku dhawaaqeyn dagaal ka dhan Mareykanka. Xilligii doorashada guud ee Madaxtinimada Mareykanka sanadku markuu ahaay 1860 ayaa [[Xizbiga Jamhuuriga]] olole ka dhan ah bilaabay balaarinta adoonsiga meel ka baxsan Mareykanka. Arinkaas oo keentay in ay ku guuleeystaan Xizbiga Jamhuuriga doorashada. [[File:Kellogg's-Logo.svg|thumb|right|200px|]] Madaxweynihii ku guuleystay xilligaas [[Abraham Linkolon]] intuusan fariisan xafiiska 4 tii maarso 1861 ayaa todobo gobol iclaamiyeyn in ay ka go'ayaan mareynka taas oo ay kasoo horjeesteen maamulkii markaas jiray iyo kii hore waxeyna u arkeen fal jabhadnimo. waxaana bilawday dagaalkii 12 Abriil 1861 kadib markii ay weerar kusoo qaadeen xoogagii Konfadaraaliga ahaay Fariisin Ciidan oo ay laheyd Mareykanka ooo lagu magacaabi jiray Foorto Somatir ee ku taalay gobolka [[koraliina]] koonfurtiisa, Ayadoo arinkaas laga jawaabayo ayuu madaxweyne Linkolon ku baaqay in la sameeyo ciidan mutadawac ah gobol kasta, taas oo keentay in afar gobol kale ay ayagane sheegtaan gooni istaag. Labadii dhinac waxoo mid kastaba u diyaar garoway dagaal halkaas oo qabsaday mareykanka gobolada xadka kuyaal waxoona xayiraad saaray dhinaca bada Sebtember 1962, Linkolon waxuu ku baaqay in la xarooyo dhamaan dadkii la adoonsanayay kaas oo soo gabagabeeyay dagaalkii adoonsiga ee qeybta koonfurta. Sidoo kale hogaamiyihii konfadaraaliga Roberto Ii Lii waxow awood u yeeshay inuu guulo ka keeno dagaalo ka dhacay dhinaca Bariga, Laakin sanadii 1863 uma aysan suura galin inuu kusii socda dhankii waqooyiga kadib dagaaalkii Jitesbergi. dhankale Mareykankagdhhggdh waxey ku siqeyn dhanka galbeedka ayagoo qabsaday wabiga Missisibi kadib dagaalkii Fikesberg. [[File:McDonald's_logo.svg|thumb|right|200px|{{Flag|United States}}]] [[File:Indianapolis-1872528.jpg|thumb|right|300px|]] ===Naatiijadii Dagaalkii sokeeye=== Dhamaan dadkii adoomada ahaay oo ay heesteen goboladii konfidereytka waa la xarooyay ayadoo ay ku guuleysteyn kuwii kasoo horjeeday goooni ugoosadka konfidereytka sanadii 1865 dagaalka waxuu dhib dhaliyay 1 milyan oo dhibane (3% dadka mareykanka) taas oo ay ku jirtay 620,000 oo dhimashada askarta ah. Ayadoo 4 Milyan oo dad madow la adoonsado la xoreeyay. ==Juquraafi== Wadanka mareykanka waa wadanka 3aad oo ugu weyn aduunka, waxoo ku xigaa [[Ruushka]] iyo [[Kanada]]. wadanka mareykanka waxoo xuduudka ugu dheer la leeyahay Dalka Kanada oo ka xiga dhinaca woqooyiga, waxaa ku xiga [[Meksiko]] oo ka xigta Koonfurta. Dhinaca bariga waxaa kaga dhegen [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] dhinaca Galbeedka neh [[Badweynta Baasifik]].Wadanka [[Mareykanka]] waxa uu leeyahay muuqaalo dabiici ah sida: buuro, geedo iyo saxaro kuwaasoo dhaca koonfur galbeed. [[File:Green_Line_trains_on_both_tracks.jpg|thumb|right|400px|metroka minnesota USA]] ==Jawiga== Maadaama oo wadanka weyn yahay, wadanka mareykanka waxoo leeyahay jawi aad u kala duwan. Dhinaca woqooyiga mareykanka waxoo leeyahy xiliyo isbedel ah oo hawo qaboow iyo baraf oo kadhaco, Koonfurta wadanka waa kuleel oo qorax joogta ah.wadanka maraykanku waxa uu leeyahay jawiyo kalagadisan. taas macnaheedu waxa weeyaaan hadaad ka tagto gobol cimiladiisu kulushahay waxa laga yaabaa inaad gasho mid ku jirra qabaw. ==Daadka deggan Maraykanka== * {{Flag|South Korea}} 80,000+ * {{Flag|Italy}} 400,000+ * {{Flag|Brazil}} 130,000+ * {{Flag|Egypt}} 150,000+ * {{Flag|Mexico}} 600,000+ * {{Flag|Nigeria}} 200,000+ * {{Flag|China}} 510,000+ ==Beeraha iyo xayawaanaadka== Wadanka mareykanka waxoo leeyahay geedo iyo beero kala duwan oo 17000 ka badan oo wadanka mareykanka u gaar ah. Wadanka mareykanka waxoo leeyahay meelo badan oo xayawaanaadka lagu xanaaneeyo. Meesha ugu horeysay aduunka oo Xayawaanaadka lagu xanaaneeyo waxee eheed [[Xanaanada Xayawaanaadka|Yellowstone]], waxaa la sameeyay 1872dii, markaas kadib wadanka mareykanka waxaa laga sameeyay 57 meel oo xayawaanaadka lagu xanaaneeyo. ===Taariikh kooban=== Wadanka Mareykanka wuxuu leeyahay magaalooyin waaweyn waxaana kamid ah magaalooyonkaas New York, Los Angels iyo Las Vegas. Caasimada wadanka waa Washington. Mareykanka waa wadan aad uweyn waan wadanka sadaxaad ee ugu weyn caalamka. Madaxweynaha Mareykanka waa Donald Trump. ===Diinta=== Mareykanka(USA) wuxuu leeyahay diimo aad ufaro badan waxaana ugu badan dadka heesto diinta Karishtaanka waxaana qaar ey heestaan diimaha kale sida Yahuuda ayaa labeeso Karishtaanka wexeyna sidoo kale heestaan Islaamka, Hinduuga iyo Buudhistaha. ==Sido kale fiiri== *[[Canada]] *[[Mexico]] {{Dalalka Woqooyiga Ameerika‎}} {{stub}} 0r6zqxvg4lfduf0fn6mdtkb46j69loz 0 19713 238333 220050 2022-07-20T15:11:08Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writing system |name = Korean alphabet<br />(''Chosŏn'gŭl'' {{small|or}} ''Hangul'') |altname = |type = Alphabet |languages = [[luqadda Kuuriyaan|Kuuriyaan]] |time = 1443 to the present |creator = Maxkamaddu waxay of King Sejong the Great |iso15924 = Hang |sample = Chosungul or Hangul logo (New Type) at (Black Design).svg |imagesize = 155px }} '''Alifbeetada Kuuriya''' sidoo kale [[Koonfur Kuuriya|Koonfurta Kuuriya]] looga yaqaan '''Hangul''', [[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]] iyo [[shiinaha]] neh looga yaqaan '''Chosŏn'gŭl''' / '''Chosŏn Muntcha''' , waa alifbeeto loo isticmaalo in lagu qoro [[Af Kuuriyaan|afka Kuuriyaanka]] ah tan iyo [[Boqor Sejong|Boqorkii Sejong]] qarnigii 15aad.<ref>[[http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4166 Tale of Hong Gildong, World Digital Library]]</ref> Waa habka rasmiga ah ee kuunfurta iyo woqooyiga kuuriya wax loogu qoro. sidoo kale waxay nidaam wada-rasmi ah oo qoraal ka tahay degmooyin ku yaalo dhiinaha oo madaxa Banaan [[Yanbian]] iyo [[Changbai]] ee [[Jilin|Gobolka Jilin]]. Waxaa sidoo kale mararka qaar loo isticmaalaa in lagu qoro luqadda [[Cia-Cia]] ee looga hadlo meel u dhaw magaalada [[Baubau]] ee dalka [[Indonesia]] . Heerka Dhaqanka Kuuriyada, Hangul wuxuu ka kooban yahay 24 xuruuf oo aasaasi oo leh 14 xaraf iyo 10 xaraf shaqal. Asal ahaan, Hangul wuxuu ka koobnaa 28 xaraf oo leh 17 xuruuf shibbaneyaal ah iyo 11 xaraf shaqal ah. Ficil ahaan, waxaa jira 19 xaraf oo isku dhafan oo leh shan shibbaneyaal kacsan (ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅉ ㅆ) iyo 11 shaqal dhib badan (ㅢ ㅚ ㅐ ㅟ ㅔ ㅒ ㅖ ㅘ ㅝ ㅝ ㅞ ㅞ). Xarfaha Kuuriyada waxay ku qoran yihiin baloogyada syllabic-ka oo leh xarfaha alifbeetada oo loo habeeyey laba cabbir. == Notes == {{Reflist | group = FG}} == Xigashooyinka == {{Reflist | 30em}} == Links Dibadda == * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20020508/Lets-Try-Writing-in-Hankul/ Let’s Try Writing in Hankul!] {{Wiktionary | Bogga Dambe: List of casriga ah blocks syllabic Hangul by stroke}} {{Commons category | Hangul}} * [Http://www.omniglot.com/writing/korean.htm alifbeetada Korean iyo ku dhawaaq] by Omniglot * [Http://www.langintro.com/kintro/toc.htm Online tutorial Hangul] at Langintro.com * [Http://www.sayjack.com/learn/korean/hangul miiska Hangul la Audio Muqaal] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sayjack.com/learn/korean/hangul |date=20090827124705 }} * [Http://gernot-katzers-spice-pages.com/var/korean_hangul_unicode.html macluumaad Technical on Hangul iyo koodh caalamiga] * [Http://www.kmaru.com/kboard/kboard.maru Hangul Sound keyboard] at Kmaru.com * [Http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/Learn_hangeul Baro Hangul] at-Leaks Project Korean aqbo1kn1bupkpsfha7nr38c8ab2fsow 0 23921 238378 206623 2022-07-21T02:51:03Z Mwasoge 29030 wikitext text/x-wiki Yin Kippur War/Yom Kippur War {{Flag|Israel}} iyo {{Flag|Egypt}} [[File:Anwar Sadat cropped.jpg|thumb|upright|Egyptian President [[Anwar Sadat|Anwar Sadat]]]] '''Doorashyoorinka , Afrika , iyo Asiya''' '''Yin Kippur War''', Ramadaan Dagaal, ama Oktoobar Dagaal (Ciraaq: Mucjisada: Mujaahidiinta Yom HaKipurim, ama Mashruuca Mujaahidiinta, Milinemet Yom Kipur, Carabi: Jihad: Arbaco, ama ' , oo loo yaqaanay [[1973]] dagaalkii Carabta iyo Israa'iil, wuxuu ahaa dagaal dagaal intii u dhaxaysay October 6 iyo 25, 1973, oo ay wadaagaan dalalka Carabta oo ay hoggaaminayeen Masar iyo Suuriya oo ka soo horjeeda Israel, Sinai iyo Golanacees waxay qabsadeen Israaiil ilaa dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1967- Madaxweynaha [[Masar]] Anwar sadaat oo la hadlayay wargeyska The Daily Nation ee ka soo baxa dalka Masar ayaa sheegay in dowladdiisa ay ku laaban doonto dalka Jasiiradda Carabta. Dagaalka ayaa bilowday markii wada xaajoodka Carabta uu bilowday weerar lama filaan ah oo ka dhacay dhulka Falastiin ee Falastiiniyiinta ee Yom Kippur, oo ahaa maalinta diinta Yuhuudda, oo sidoo kale ka dhacay bilihii u dambeeyey ee sanadkan Ramadaanka. Masar iyo Suuriya waxay ka gudbeen soohdinta Siini Peninsula iyo Golan Heights, siday u kala horreeyaan. Labada Maraykanku iyo Ururka Midawga Soofiyeedku waxay bilaabeen dadaal xoogan oo ay u geysteen xulafadooda intii ay socdeen dagaalkii, taas oo keentay muran ka dhexeeyo kooxaha shucaac nukliyeerka [60] Dagaalku wuxuu ku billowday dhul ballaaran oo ka mid ah Suez Canal ee Masar. Ciidanka Masar ayaa soo dhex marey weerarka dabka, kadibna si lama filaan ah uguna dhawaaqay jasiiradda Sinai. [[File:Israeli A-4 Skyhawk Wreckage.jpg|thumb|Wreckage of an Israeli [[A-4 Skyhawk]] on display in Egypt's war museum.]] Dagaalku wuxuu qayb ka ahaa iskahorimaadka Carabta iyo Israaiil, khilaaf socda oo ku jiray dagaalo badan iyo dagaallo tan iyo 1948-dii, markii la aasaasay dalka Israel. Intii lagu jiray dagaalkii lixda maalmood ahaa, Israel waxay qabatay jasiiradda Sinai ee Masar, qiyaastii kala badhkii Suuriya ee Golan Heights, iyo dhulalka Baanka Galbeed ee laga qabsaday Jordan tan iyo [[1948]]. [63] Bishii Juun 19, [[1967]], wax yar ka dib Dagaalkii Lixda Maalmood, xukuumadda Israel waxay u codeeyeen inay ku soo celiso Sinai si Masar iyo Golan Xeebaha Suuriya si ay u beddesho degenaansho nabadgelyo oo joogto ah iyo xasilooni darro dhulalka soo noqda. ] [66] Waxay diiday dib u soo noqoshada xudduudaha iyo xaalada ka hor dagaalkii [67] iyo sidoo kale ku adkaystay wadahadal toos ah oo lala galo xukuumadaha Carabta iyaga oo ka hor imaanaya gorgortanka iyada oo loo marayo dhinac saddexaad. [[File:Egyptian MIG 21s during Yom Kippur War.jpg|thumb|Egyptian [[Sukhoi Su-7]] fighter jets conducting air strikes over the [[Bar Lev Line]] on 6 October|link=Special:FilePath/Egyptian_MIG_21s_during_Yom_Kippur_War.jpg]] [[File:MirageIIIShotDownByMiG-21.jpg|thumb|150px|An Israeli [[Dassault Mirage III|Mirage III]] shot down by an Egyptian MiG-21]] Egyptian President Anwar Sadat's objectives were "to recover all Arab territory occupied by Israel following the 1967 war and to achieve a just, peaceful solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict".[81] Other than a flurry of Syrian missile attacks on Ramat David airbase and surrounding civilian settlements during the first days of the war,[82] the fighting took place in Sinai and the Golan Heights, territories that had been occupied by Israel since the end of the Six-Day War of 1967, and in the later stages, on the west side of the Suez canal in Egypt and in areas of the Golan beyond those held by Israel prior to the outbreak of war.[83][84][85] [[File:Damaged BMP-1.jpg|thumb |left|alt=Two damaged armored personnel carriers. An Israeli flag is next to them. | A Syrian [[BMP-1]] captured by Israeli forces]] ==Sido kale fiiri== *[[Liska Dagaalka Aasiya]] *[[Masar]] *[[Israaiil]] [[Category:Israaiil]] ja738olf7f6tboit862hxp4mtmxfptd 0 24046 238351 237043 2022-07-20T15:40:37Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bad template}} {{Medium low article}} {{Infobox organization |logo = Union for the Mediterranean Logo.png | map = Union for the Mediterranean - updatable.svg | map_caption = <div style="text-align: left;"> Union for the Mediterranean member states</div> {{legend|#003399|[[Member state of the European Union|Member states of the European Union]]}} {{legend|#C89601|Other members}} {{legend|#008000|Suspended members}} {{legend|#ff0000|Observers}} | formation = 13 July 2008 | headquarters = [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]] | GDP_PPP_year = | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $43,760<ref name="France GDP"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $25.583 trillion<ref name="France GDP"/> | language = [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]] | leader_title = Secretary General | leader_name = [[Nasser Kamel]] | key_people = | name = Union for the Mediterranean | mcaption = | membership = {{collapsible list | title = 43 states | {{flag|Albania}} | {{flag|Algeria}} | {{flag|Arab League}} | {{flag|Austria}} | {{flag|Belgium}} | {{flag|Bosnia-Herzegovina}} | {{flag|Bulgaria}} | {{flag|Croatia}} | {{flag|Cyprus}} | {{flag|Czech Republic}} | {{flag|Denmark}} | {{flag|Egypt}} | {{flag|Estonia}} | {{flag|Finland}} | {{flag|France}} | {{flag|Germany}} | {{flag|Greece}} | {{flag|Hungary}} | {{flag|Ireland}} | {{flag|Israel}} | {{flag|Italy}} | {{flag|Jordan}} | {{flag|Latvia}} | {{flag|Lebanon}} | {{flag|Lithuania}} | {{flag|Luxembourg}} | {{flag|Malta}} | {{flag|Mauritania}} | {{flag|Monaco}} | {{flag|Montenegro}} | {{flag|Morocco}} | {{flag|Netherlands}} | {{flag|Palestine}}| {{flag|Poland}} | {{flag|Portugal}} | {{flag|Romania}} | {{flag|Slovakia}} | {{flag|Slovenia}} | {{flag|Spain}} | {{flag|Sweden}} |{{flag|Syria}} <small>(Self-suspended)</small> | {{flag|Tunisia}} | {{flag|Turkey}} | {{flag|United Kingdom}}</s> }} {{collapsible list | title = 1 observer | {{flag|Libya}} }} | region_served = [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] | website = [http://www.ufmsecretariat.org/ ufmsecretariat.org] }} [[File:Union for the Mediterranean flags.JPG|thumb|700px|Flags of UfM members,]] [[File:Siege social upm.JPG|thumb|right|600px|Union for the Mediterranean]] [[File:Membreupm.png|thumb|600px|thumb|]] '''Unionka Mediterraneanka Ururka Midawga Yurub''' (UfM; Faransiiska: Midowga Kuuriya La Méditerranée, Arabic: الاتحاد من أجل المتوسط) waa hay'ad dawladeed oo ka kooban 43 xubnood oo ka socda Yurub iyo Basin Mediterranean: 28 dal oo EU ah iyo 15 deriska Mediterranean, Galbeedka Aasiya iyo Yurubta Koonfureed. Waxaa la aasaasay 13 July 2008 shirkii Paris ee loogu talagalay Mediterranean, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay sidii loo xoojin lahaa Iskaashiga Euro-Mediterranean (Euromed), 1995-kii oo ah geedi socodkii Barcelona. Xoghaynta guud wuxuu ku yaalaa Barcelona, ​​Spain. Ururku wuxuu higsanayaa inuu kor u qaado xasilloonida iyo isdhexgalka gobolka Mediterranean. UfM Ujeedkeedu waa UfM-ka oo ka hadlaya arrimaha muhiimka ah ee istiraatijiyadeed iyo dhisidda mabaadii'da lahaanshaha, wada-go'aan qaadashada iyo wadaagista masuuliyada labada dhinac ee badda Mediterranean. Ujeedadeeda ugu weyn waa in la kordhiyo isdhexgalka North-South iyo South-South ee gobolka Mediterranean si loo taageero horumarinta dhaqaale-bulshadeed ee wadamada iyo si loo hubiyo xasilloonida gobolka. Ujeeddadeeda, UfM waxay diiradda saartaa laba tiir oo aasaasi ah: kobcinta horumarinta aadanaha iyo kor u qaadida horumar waara. UFM waxay qeexaysaa mashaariicda danta goboleed waxayna ka qaybqaadaneysaa go'aanka wadaxaajoodka ee dhammaan 43 xubnood oo xubnaha ka ah. Mashaariicdan iyo dadaaladani waxay diirada saarayaan lixda qaybood ee ganacsiga ee ay u xilsaarantahay dawlad-goboleedka UFM: Horumarinta Ganacsiga iyo Shaqada, Tacliinta Sare iyo Cilmi-baarista, Wax-qabadka Tamarta iyo Cimilada, Gaadiidka iyo Horumarinta Magaalada iyo Biyaha, Deegaanka iyo Dhaqaalaha Xoolaha. [[w:tr:Akdeniz için Birlik]] [[w:es:Unión por el Mediterráneo]] Xubnaha Ururka Midawga Yurub waa kuwan soo socda: Laga soo bilaabo dhinaca Midowga Yurub: * 28-ka Midowga Yurub (kuwa ku yaalla bariga Mediterranean): Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, [[Jamhuuriyadda Jek]] Republic, [[Denmark]], Estonia, Finland, [[Faransiis]], Jarmal, Giriig, Hungary, Irland, [[Talyaani]], Latvia, Lithuania , Luxembourg, Malta, [[Holland]], Poland, [[Portugal]], Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, [[Spain]], [[Sweden]] iyo Boqortooyada [[UK]]. Guddiga Yurub * Laga soo bilaabo dhinaca wadamada wadamada jaarka ah ee Mediterranean: Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Albania, Algeria, Bosniya, [[Masar]], [[Israaiil]], Urdun|Jordan, Lubnaan, Mauritania, Monako, Montenegro, [[Morocco]], Dawlad Falastiin ah (Falastiiniyiinta ilaa 4 January 2013), <s>Syria</s> June 2011), [2] Tuniisiya iyo [[Turkiga]]. * Liibiya sida xaalad-arag ah. UfM waxay muujisay rabitaan ah in la siiyo xubin buuxda oo ka tirsan Liibiya, [4] iyo Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Libya, Mohamed Abdelaziz, ayaa sheegay in dalkiisu uu "furanyahay" inuu ku biiro [5] *[[Ururka Carabta]] [6] [7] *Soomaaliya waxay wakiil ka tahay xubnaha baarlamaanka Carabta {| class="wikitable infobox" style="float:right; margin-left:1em;" |- ! style="background:#f99;" colspan="2"|ufm Koranta economicka<ref name="cia">{{Cita web |url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |título= Djibouti |fechaacceso= 20 de julio de 2012 |idioma= inglés |autor= CIA |obra= The World Factbook |ciwaan= Nuqul Archive |access-date= 2018-09-22 |archive-date= 2014-07-02 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140702024855/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url= yes }}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Oman}} ||2.1&nbsp;% {{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}||2.9&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Iraq}}||2.6&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Arab League }}||2.9&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Austria}}||2.2&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Belgium}}||2.1&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Bulgaria}}||1.9&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Croatia}}||1.9&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Baxrayn}}||1.9&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Czech Republic}}||1.9&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Denmark}}||2.2&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Egypt}}||2.4&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Finland}}||2.2&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|France}}||2.7&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Germany}}||2.9&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Greece }}||1.9&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Ireland}}||2.1&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Israel}}||2.1&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Jordan}}||2.4&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Lebanon}}||2.1&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Morocco}}||2.1&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Netherlands}}||2.7&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Somalia}}||2.0&nbsp;%[[qari]]{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Palestine}}||1.6&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Mauritania}}||1.6&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Poland}}||2.1&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Portugal}}||1.1&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Romania }}||2.4&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Slovakia }}||1.9&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Spain }}||2.5&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Sweden }}||2.6&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Tunisia }}||2.1&nbsp;%[[qari]]{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Italy}}||2.6&nbsp;%[[qari]]{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Somaliland}}||1.6&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||2.9&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|Turkey}}||2.6&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}||2.1&nbsp;%{{Increase}} |- |Otros||10.0&nbsp;% |} '' ==Ufm Un Tiroka== *{{Flag|Turkey}} ''Un Tiroka 792'' *{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} ''Un Tiroka 784 '' *{{Flag|France}}: ''Un Tiroka 250'' *{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}''Un Tiroka 682 '' *{{Flag|Djibouti}} ''Un Tiroka 262 '' *{{Flag|Egypt}} - ''Un Tiroka 778'' *{{Flag|Italy}} - ''Un Tiroka 380'' *{{Flag|Sudan}} - '' Un Tiroka 729 '' *{{Flag|Finland}}</s> Un Tiroka </s> *{{Flag|Israel}} ''Un Tiroka 376'' *{{Flag|Croatia}} Un Tiroka *{{Flag|Syria}}- ''Un Tiroka 760'' *{{Flag|Oman}} Un Tiroka *{{Flag|Iraq}}Un Tiroka *{{Flag|Austria}} Un Tiroka *{{Flag|Belgium}} Un Tiroka *{{Flag|Bulgaria}} Un Tiroka *{{Flag|Czech Republic}} Un Tiroka *{{Flag|Germany}} ''Un Tiroka 276 *{{Flag|Denmark}} Un Tiroka *{{Flag|United Kingdom}} ''Un Tiroka 826'' ==sido kale fiiri== aejpqaw8yf7zahli5ymbvqeqcaftbw1 0 24070 238329 222231 2022-07-20T12:03:32Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 EnsiklopediaXylon moved page [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]] to [[Akrotiri iyo Dhekelia]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = {{nowrap|Sovereign Base Areas}} of {{nowrap|Akrotiri and Dhekelia}} |common_name = Akrotiri and Dhekelia |image_flag = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg |flag_caption = Flag |image_coat = Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(HM_Government).svg |symbol_type = [[Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom#Government|Coat of arms]] | anthem = "[[God Save the Queen]]" |image_map = Akrotiri and Dhekelia in United Kingdom.svg |map_width=250px |map_caption = Location of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (red) |image_map2 = Cyprus_SBAsInRed.png |map2_width=250px |map_caption2 = Location of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (pink)<br>on [[Geography of Cyprus|Cyprus]] (pink, grey and beige) |capital = {{nowrap|[[Episkopi Cantonment|Episkopi]]}} |largest_settlement = [[Akrotiri (village)|Akrotiri]] |largest_settlement_type = civilian settlement |official_languages = [[English language|English]] |languages_type = Other languages |languages = {{plainlist| *[[Greek language|Greek]] *[[Cypriot Greek]] *[[Cypriot Turkish]] *[[Armenian language|Armenian]] *[[Arabic]] *[[Albanian language|Albanian]] *[[Turkish language|Turkish]]}} |demonym = {{plainlist| *Akrotic-Dhecelic *Akrotirian}} |government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] under a [[stratocracy]] |leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of the UK|Monarch]] |leader_name1 = [[Elizabeth II]] |leader_title2 = Administrator |leader_name2 = Major-General [[James Illingworth]] OBE ''[[ex officio]]'' |legislature = SBA Administration<ref>''"The Administration is the civil government of the Sovereign Base Areas."'' {{Cite web|url=http://www.sbaadministration.org/index.php|title=Sovereign Base Areas Administration Official Web|last=|first=|date=|website=SBA Administration|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-03-28}}</ref> |sovereignty_type = Established |sovereignty_note = in 1960 |area_km2 = 254 |area_sq_mi = 98 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_estimate ={{unbulleted list |c. 7,700 Cypriots |c. 3,600 UK Personnel |c. 4,400 Dependents |c. 15,700 total}} |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = |currency = [[Euro]] |currency_code = EUR |time_zone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]] |utc_offset = +2 |utc_offset_DST = +3 |time_zone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]] |drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic|left]] |calling_code = [[+357]] |status = [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]] |area_magnitude = 1 E7 }} Akrotiri iyo Dhekelia, waxay si rasmi ah u maamulaan aagga Akrotiri iyo Dhekelia (Giriigta SBA; Giriigga: Giriigta Kiriinka Akhotaríu ka Dekélias; Dhoofinta dibadda ee jasiiradda Cyprus. Meelaha, oo ay ku jiraan saldhigyada millatariga Ingiriiska iyo qalabyada, iyo sidoo kale dhul kale, waxaa lagu haystay British ka yar [[1960]] heshiis madax-bannaan, oo ay saxiixeen Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, Giriigga, Turkiga iyo wakiilo ka socda beelaha Giriiga iyo Turkiga madax-bannaanida xayiraadda Crown ee Cyprus. Mawqifku wuxuu u adeegaa kaalin muhiim ah sida saldhigga calaamadaha sirdoonka waxayna bixisaa qayb muhiim ah oo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah kulammada Isgaadhsiinta ee Boqortooyada Ingiriiska iyo kormeerida shabakadda Bariga Dhexe iyo Bariga Dhexe. ==sido kale fiiri== o7rjszyq8k1b7hveq1uye6hkzb36i7c 238332 238329 2022-07-20T12:06:24Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{templateenso}} {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = {{nowrap|Sovereign Base Areas}} of {{nowrap|Akrotiri and Dhekelia}} |common_name = Akrotiri and Dhekelia |image_flag = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg |flag_caption = Flag |image_coat = Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(HM_Government).svg |symbol_type = [[Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom#Government|Coat of arms]] | anthem = "[[God Save the Queen]]" |image_map = Akrotiri and Dhekelia in United Kingdom.svg |map_width=250px |map_caption = Location of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (red) |image_map2 = Cyprus_SBAsInRed.png |map2_width=250px |map_caption2 = Location of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (pink)<br>on [[Geography of Cyprus|Cyprus]] (pink, grey and beige) |capital = {{nowrap|[[Episkopi Cantonment|Episkopi]]}} |largest_settlement = [[Akrotiri (village)|Akrotiri]] |largest_settlement_type = civilian settlement |official_languages = [[English language|English]] |languages_type = Other languages |languages = {{plainlist| *[[Greek language|Greek]] *[[Cypriot Greek]] *[[Cypriot Turkish]] *[[Armenian language|Armenian]] *[[Arabic]] *[[Albanian language|Albanian]] *[[Turkish language|Turkish]]}} |demonym = {{plainlist| *Akrotic-Dhecelic *Akrotirian}} |government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] under a [[stratocracy]] |leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of the UK|Monarch]] |leader_name1 = [[Elizabeth II]] |leader_title2 = Administrator |leader_name2 = Major-General [[James Illingworth]] OBE ''[[ex officio]]'' |legislature = SBA Administration<ref>''"The Administration is the civil government of the Sovereign Base Areas."'' {{Cite web|url=http://www.sbaadministration.org/index.php|title=Sovereign Base Areas Administration Official Web|last=|first=|date=|website=SBA Administration|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-03-28}}</ref> |sovereignty_type = Established |sovereignty_note = in 1960 |area_km2 = 254 |area_sq_mi = 98 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_estimate ={{unbulleted list |c. 7,700 Cypriots |c. 3,600 UK Personnel |c. 4,400 Dependents |c. 15,700 total}} |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = |currency = [[Euro]] |currency_code = EUR |time_zone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]] |utc_offset = +2 |utc_offset_DST = +3 |time_zone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]] |drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic|left]] |calling_code = [[+357]] |status = [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]] |area_magnitude = 1 E7 }} Akrotiri iyo Dhekelia, waxay si rasmi ah u maamulaan aagga Akrotiri iyo Dhekelia (Giriigta SBA; Giriigga: Giriigta Kiriinka Akhotaríu ka Dekélias; Dhoofinta dibadda ee jasiiradda Cyprus. Meelaha, oo ay ku jiraan saldhigyada millatariga Ingiriiska iyo qalabyada, iyo sidoo kale dhul kale, waxaa lagu haystay British ka yar [[1960]] heshiis madax-bannaan, oo ay saxiixeen Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, Giriigga, Turkiga iyo wakiilo ka socda beelaha Giriiga iyo Turkiga madax-bannaanida xayiraadda Crown ee Cyprus. Mawqifku wuxuu u adeegaa kaalin muhiim ah sida saldhigga calaamadaha sirdoonka waxayna bixisaa qayb muhiim ah oo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah kulammada Isgaadhsiinta ee Boqortooyada Ingiriiska iyo kormeerida shabakadda Bariga Dhexe iyo Bariga Dhexe. ==sido kale fiiri== 2kkfacj3dm6rsiix7jz0iply3wu5tmv 0 24125 238347 225964 2022-07-20T15:34:19Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Standard Chinese | nativename = {{lang|zh-hans|普通话}} / {{lang|zh-hant|普通話}} ''Pǔtōnghuà''<br>{{lang|zh-hans|国语}} / {{lang|zh-hant|國語}} ''Guóyǔ''<br>{{lang|zh-hans|华语}} / {{lang|zh-hant|華語}} ''Huáyǔ'' | altname = Modern Standard Mandarin | states = [[China]], [[Taiwan]], [[Singabuur]] | speakers = has begun acquiring native speakers | date = 1988, 2021 | ref = {{sfnp|Norman|1988|pp=251}}{{sfnp|Liang|2014|p=45}} | speakers2 = [[L2 speakers]]: 7% of China (2014)<ref name="SCMP Putonghua">{{cite news | title = One-third of Chinese do not speak Putonghua, says Education Ministry | first = Chris | last = Luo | newspaper = South China Morning Post | date = 22 September 2014 | url = http://www.scmp.com/news/china-insider/article/1598040/3-10-chinese-citizens-do-not-speak-putonghua-says-education}}</ref><ref name="languagelog">[http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=14771 Only 7% of people in China speak proper Putonghua: PRC MOE], ''Language Log'', 2014 Sept. 24<!--The original wording of the Education Ministry has the ambiguity concerning "10% of the 70% OR 10% out of total". Although we editors can choose not to suggest undue precision, it is better to adopt a specific number quoted from an actual source.--></ref> | familycolor = Sino-Tibetan | fam2 = [[Chinese language|Chinese]] | fam3 = [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] | fam4 = [[Beijing dialect]] | ancestor = [[Middle Mandarin]] | script = [[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional Chinese]]<br>[[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified Chinese]]<br>[[Mainland Chinese Braille]]<br>[[Taiwanese Braille]]<br>[[Two-Cell Chinese Braille]] | nation = * {{flag|China}} (as Putonghua) * {{flag|Taiwan}} (''de facto''; as [[Taiwanese Mandarin|Guoyu]]) * {{flag|Singapore}} (as [[Singaporean Mandarin|Huayu]]) * {{flag|United Nations}} * [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]] * {{flag|Myanmar}} ([[Wa State]]) | minority = | agency = National Language Regulating Committee (China)<!--[[:zh:国家语言文字工作委员会]]--><ref>http://www.china-language.gov.cn/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.china-language.gov.cn/ |date=20151218080430 }} (Chinese)</ref><br>[[National Languages Committee]] (Taiwan)<br>[[Promote Mandarin Council]] (Singapore)<br>[[Chinese Language Standardisation Council of Malaysia|Chinese Language Standardisation Council]] (Malaysia) | isoexception = dialect<!--Putonghua has not been assigned an ISO code--> | iso6 = goyu (Guoyu)<br>huyu (Huayu)<br>cosc (Putonghua) | notice = IPA | sign = [[Wenfa Shouyu]]<ref>[http://www.csie.ndhu.edu.tw/webv3/cht/speech/20091030%282%29.pdf 台灣手語簡介 (Taiwan)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.csie.ndhu.edu.tw/webv3/cht/speech/20091030%282%29.pdf |date=20140110090803 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110090803/http://www.csie.ndhu.edu.tw/webv3/cht/speech/20091030%282%29.pdf |date=10 January 2014 }} (2009)</ref> | glotto = none }} {{Infobox Chinese | title = Common name in mainland China | showflag = stp | first = t | s = {{linktext|普通话}} | t = {{linktext|普通話}} | p = Pǔtōnghuà | mi = {{IPAc-cmn|p|u|3|t|ong|1|h|ua|4}} | myr = Pǔtūnghwà | w = P'u³-t'ung¹-hua⁴ | l = Common speech | altname = Common name in Taiwan | s2 = {{linktext|国语}} | t2 = {{linktext|國語}} | p2 = Guóyǔ | mi2 = {{IPAc-cmn|g|uo|2|.|yu|3}} | w2 = Kuo²-yü³ | myr2 = gwóyǔ | l2 = [[National language]] | altname3 = Common name in Singapore and Southeast Asia | s3 = {{linktext|华语}} | t3 = {{linktext|華語}} | p3 = Huáyǔ | mi3 = {{IPAc-cmn|h|ua|2|.|yu|3}} | w3 = Hua²-yü³ | myr3 = hwáyǔ | l3 = Chinese language }} [[Heerka Shiinaha]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'Standard Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin', ama Mandarin, ayaa ah noocyo kala duwan oo Shiinees ah, oo ah luqada rasmiga ah ee Shiinaha iyo Taiwan (de facto), iyo mid ka mid ah afarta af rasmi ee [[Singabuur]]. Its dhawaaqu wuxuu ku salaysan yahay lahjadda Beijing, erayadeeda ku jirta luuqadaha Mandarin, iyo naxwaha wuxuu ku saleysan yahay shiinada qoran ee Shiinaha. Sida noocyo kaladuwan oo Shiinees ah, Heerka Shiineesku waa luuqad tonan oo leh mawduuc mawduuc leh oo mawduuc leh iyo mawduuc mawduuc ah. Waxay leedahay qandaraasleeyaal biloow ah, hase yeeshee, shaqaalihii yaraa, qandaraaska kama dambaysta ah iyo dhawaaqyada ayaa ka badan noocyada koonfurta. Heerka shiineesku waa luuqada falanqaynta, inkasta oo erayo badan oo isku dhafan. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo qaabeysan oo luuqadda ah, oo ah Putonghua oo ku yaala Mainland Shiinaha iyo Guoa ee Taiwan. Marka laga soo tago tiro farqi ah oo ku hadla luqada iyo erayada, Putonghua waxaa lagu qoray iyadoo la adeegsanayo jilayaasha fudud ee Shiinaha (oo lagu daray hanyu Pinyin romanization for teaching), halka Guoyu lagu qoro isticmaalka jilayaasha dhaqameed ee Shiinaha (oo lagu daro Zhuyin xagga waxbarida). Waxaa jira jilayaal badan oo isku mid ah labada ujeedka. =Akhriska sii wad= * [https://www.jw.org/nan-x-chw/ Min Nan (Taiwan)] ==sido kale fiiri== *[[Taiwan]] sgsaqvwbxkj0p24sl6rj8jbnll9jl4r 238348 238347 2022-07-20T15:34:55Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Standard Chinese | nativename = {{lang|zh-hans|普通话}} / {{lang|zh-hant|普通話}} ''Pǔtōnghuà''<br>{{lang|zh-hans|国语}} / {{lang|zh-hant|國語}} ''Guóyǔ''<br>{{lang|zh-hans|华语}} / {{lang|zh-hant|華語}} ''Huáyǔ'' | altname = Modern Standard Mandarin | states = [[China]], [[Taiwan]], [[Singabuur]] | speakers = has begun acquiring native speakers | date = 1988, 2021 | ref = {{sfnp|Norman|1988|pp=251}}{{sfnp|Liang|2014|p=45}} | speakers2 = [[L2 speakers]]: 7% of China (2014)<ref name="SCMP Putonghua">{{cite news | title = One-third of Chinese do not speak Putonghua, says Education Ministry | first = Chris | last = Luo | newspaper = South China Morning Post | date = 22 September 2014 | url = http://www.scmp.com/news/china-insider/article/1598040/3-10-chinese-citizens-do-not-speak-putonghua-says-education}}</ref><ref name="languagelog">[http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=14771 Only 7% of people in China speak proper Putonghua: PRC MOE], ''Language Log'', 2014 Sept. 24<!--The original wording of the Education Ministry has the ambiguity concerning "10% of the 70% OR 10% out of total". Although we editors can choose not to suggest undue precision, it is better to adopt a specific number quoted from an actual source.--></ref> | familycolor = Sino-Tibetan | fam2 = [[Chinese language|Chinese]] | fam3 = [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] | fam4 = [[Beijing dialect]] | ancestor = [[Middle Mandarin]] | script = [[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional Chinese]]<br>[[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified Chinese]]<br>[[Mainland Chinese Braille]]<br>[[Taiwanese Braille]]<br>[[Two-Cell Chinese Braille]] | nation = * {{flag|China}} (as Putonghua) * {{flag|Taiwan}} (''de facto''; as [[Taiwanese Mandarin|Guoyu]]) * {{flag|Singapore}} (as [[Singaporean Mandarin|Huayu]]) * {{flag|United Nations}} * [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]] * {{flag|Myanmar}} ([[Wa State]]) | minority = | agency = National Language Regulating Committee (China)<!--[[:zh:国家语言文字工作委员会]]--><ref>http://www.china-language.gov.cn/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.china-language.gov.cn/ |date=20151218080430 }} (Chinese)</ref><br>[[National Languages Committee]] (Taiwan)<br>[[Promote Mandarin Council]] (Singapore)<br>[[Chinese Language Standardisation Council of Malaysia|Chinese Language Standardisation Council]] (Malaysia) | isoexception = dialect<!--Putonghua has not been assigned an ISO code--> | iso6 = goyu (Guoyu)<br>huyu (Huayu)<br>cosc (Putonghua) | notice = IPA | sign = [[Wenfa Shouyu]]<ref>[http://www.csie.ndhu.edu.tw/webv3/cht/speech/20091030%282%29.pdf 台灣手語簡介 (Taiwan)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.csie.ndhu.edu.tw/webv3/cht/speech/20091030%282%29.pdf |date=20140110090803 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110090803/http://www.csie.ndhu.edu.tw/webv3/cht/speech/20091030%282%29.pdf |date=10 January 2014 }} (2009)</ref> | glotto = none }} {{Infobox Chinese | title = Common name in mainland China | showflag = stp | first = t | s = {{linktext|普通话}} | t = {{linktext|普通話}} | p = Pǔtōnghuà | mi = {{IPAc-cmn|p|u|3|t|ong|1|h|ua|4}} | myr = Pǔtūnghwà | w = P'u³-t'ung¹-hua⁴ | l = Common speech | altname = Common name in Taiwan | s2 = {{linktext|国语}} | t2 = {{linktext|國語}} | p2 = Guóyǔ | mi2 = {{IPAc-cmn|g|uo|2|.|yu|3}} | w2 = Kuo²-yü³ | myr2 = gwóyǔ | l2 = [[National language]] | altname3 = Common name in Singapore and Southeast Asia | s3 = {{linktext|华语}} | t3 = {{linktext|華語}} | p3 = Huáyǔ | mi3 = {{IPAc-cmn|h|ua|2|.|yu|3}} | w3 = Hua²-yü³ | myr3 = hwáyǔ | l3 = Chinese language }} [[Heerka Shiinaha]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'Standard Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin', ama Mandarin, ayaa ah noocyo kala duwan oo Shiinees ah, oo ah luqada rasmiga ah ee Shiinaha iyo Taiwan (de facto), iyo mid ka mid ah afarta af rasmi ee [[Singabuur]]. Its dhawaaqu wuxuu ku salaysan yahay lahjadda Beijing, erayadeeda ku jirta luuqadaha Mandarin, iyo naxwaha wuxuu ku saleysan yahay shiinada qoran ee Shiinaha. Sida noocyo kaladuwan oo Shiinees ah, Heerka Shiineesku waa luuqad tonan oo leh mawduuc mawduuc leh oo mawduuc leh iyo mawduuc mawduuc ah. Waxay leedahay qandaraasleeyaal biloow ah, hase yeeshee, shaqaalihii yaraa, qandaraaska kama dambaysta ah iyo dhawaaqyada ayaa ka badan noocyada koonfurta. Heerka shiineesku waa luuqada falanqaynta, inkasta oo erayo badan oo isku dhafan. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo qaabeysan oo luuqadda ah, oo ah Putonghua oo ku yaala Mainland Shiinaha iyo Guoa ee Taiwan. Marka laga soo tago tiro farqi ah oo ku hadla luqada iyo erayada, Putonghua waxaa lagu qoray iyadoo la adeegsanayo jilayaasha fudud ee Shiinaha (oo lagu daray hanyu Pinyin romanization for teaching), halka Guoyu lagu qoro isticmaalka jilayaasha dhaqameed ee Shiinaha (oo lagu daro Zhuyin xagga waxbarida). Waxaa jira jilayaal badan oo isku mid ah labada ujeedka. =Akhriska sii wad= * [https://www.jw.org/nan-x-chw/ Min Nan (Taiwan)] =Sido kale fiiri= *[[Taywan]], (Ingiriisi: [[Taiwan]]) 7rczt3ovz0n7i45rngrusiat98mp9wi 238349 238348 2022-07-20T15:36:23Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Standard Chinese | nativename = {{lang|zh-hans|普通话}} / {{lang|zh-hant|普通話}} ''Pǔtōnghuà''<br>{{lang|zh-hans|国语}} / {{lang|zh-hant|國語}} ''Guóyǔ''<br>{{lang|zh-hans|华语}} / {{lang|zh-hant|華語}} ''Huáyǔ'' | altname = Modern Standard Mandarin | states = [[China]], [[Taiwan]], [[Singabuur]] | speakers = has begun acquiring native speakers | date = 1988, 2021 | ref = {{sfnp|Norman|1988|pp=251}}{{sfnp|Liang|2014|p=45}} | speakers2 = [[L2 speakers]]: 7% of China (2014)<ref name="SCMP Putonghua">{{cite news | title = One-third of Chinese do not speak Putonghua, says Education Ministry | first = Chris | last = Luo | newspaper = South China Morning Post | date = 22 September 2014 | url = http://www.scmp.com/news/china-insider/article/1598040/3-10-chinese-citizens-do-not-speak-putonghua-says-education}}</ref><ref name="languagelog">[http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=14771 Only 7% of people in China speak proper Putonghua: PRC MOE], ''Language Log'', 2014 Sept. 24<!--The original wording of the Education Ministry has the ambiguity concerning "10% of the 70% OR 10% out of total". Although we editors can choose not to suggest undue precision, it is better to adopt a specific number quoted from an actual source.--></ref> | familycolor = Sino-Tibetan | fam2 = [[Chinese language|Chinese]] | fam3 = [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] | fam4 = [[Beijing dialect]] | ancestor = [[Middle Mandarin]] | script = [[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional Chinese]]<br>[[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified Chinese]]<br>[[Mainland Chinese Braille]]<br>[[Taiwanese Braille]]<br>[[Two-Cell Chinese Braille]] | nation = * {{flag|China}} (as Putonghua) * {{flag|Taiwan}} (''de facto''; as [[Taiwanese Mandarin|Guoyu]]) * {{flag|Singapore}} (as [[Singaporean Mandarin|Huayu]]) * {{flag|United Nations}} * [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]] * {{flag|Myanmar}} ([[Wa State]]) | minority = | agency = National Language Regulating Committee (China)<!--[[:zh:国家语言文字工作委员会]]--><ref>http://www.china-language.gov.cn/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.china-language.gov.cn/ |date=20151218080430 }} (Chinese)</ref><br>[[National Languages Committee]] (Taiwan)<br>[[Promote Mandarin Council]] (Singapore)<br>[[Chinese Language Standardisation Council of Malaysia|Chinese Language Standardisation Council]] (Malaysia) | isoexception = dialect<!--Putonghua has not been assigned an ISO code--> | iso6 = goyu (Guoyu)<br>huyu (Huayu)<br>cosc (Putonghua) | notice = IPA | sign = [[Wenfa Shouyu]]<ref>[http://www.csie.ndhu.edu.tw/webv3/cht/speech/20091030%282%29.pdf 台灣手語簡介 (Taiwan)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.csie.ndhu.edu.tw/webv3/cht/speech/20091030%282%29.pdf |date=20140110090803 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110090803/http://www.csie.ndhu.edu.tw/webv3/cht/speech/20091030%282%29.pdf |date=10 January 2014 }} (2009)</ref> | glotto = none }} {{Infobox Chinese | title = Common name in mainland China | showflag = stp | first = t | s = {{linktext|普通话}} | t = {{linktext|普通話}} | p = Pǔtōnghuà | mi = {{IPAc-cmn|p|u|3|t|ong|1|h|ua|4}} | myr = Pǔtūnghwà | w = P'u³-t'ung¹-hua⁴ | l = Common speech | altname = Common name in Taiwan | s2 = {{linktext|国语}} | t2 = {{linktext|國語}} | p2 = Guóyǔ | mi2 = {{IPAc-cmn|g|uo|2|.|yu|3}} | w2 = Kuo²-yü³ | myr2 = gwóyǔ | l2 = [[National language]] | altname3 = Common name in Singapore and Southeast Asia | s3 = {{linktext|华语}} | t3 = {{linktext|華語}} | p3 = Huáyǔ | mi3 = {{IPAc-cmn|h|ua|2|.|yu|3}} | w3 = Hua²-yü³ | myr3 = hwáyǔ | l3 = Chinese language }} '''Heerka Shiinaha''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'Standard Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin', ama Mandarin, ayaa ah noocyo kala duwan oo Shiinees ah, oo ah luqada rasmiga ah ee Shiinaha iyo Taiwan (de facto), iyo mid ka mid ah afarta af rasmi ee [[Singabuur]]. Its dhawaaqu wuxuu ku salaysan yahay lahjadda Beijing, erayadeeda ku jirta luuqadaha Mandarin, iyo naxwaha wuxuu ku saleysan yahay shiinada qoran ee Shiinaha. Sida noocyo kaladuwan oo Shiinees ah, Heerka Shiineesku waa luuqad tonan oo leh mawduuc mawduuc leh oo mawduuc leh iyo mawduuc mawduuc ah. Waxay leedahay qandaraasleeyaal biloow ah, hase yeeshee, shaqaalihii yaraa, qandaraaska kama dambaysta ah iyo dhawaaqyada ayaa ka badan noocyada koonfurta. Heerka shiineesku waa luuqada falanqaynta, inkasta oo erayo badan oo isku dhafan. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo qaabeysan oo luuqadda ah, oo ah Putonghua oo ku yaala Mainland Shiinaha iyo Guoa ee Taiwan. Marka laga soo tago tiro farqi ah oo ku hadla luqada iyo erayada, Putonghua waxaa lagu qoray iyadoo la adeegsanayo jilayaasha fudud ee Shiinaha (oo lagu daray hanyu Pinyin romanisasi waayo baridda), halka Guoyu lagu qoro isticmaalka jilayaasha dhaqameed ee Shiinaha (oo lagu daro Zhuyin xagga waxbarida). Waxaa jira jilayaal badan oo isku mid ah labada ujeedka. =Akhriska sii wad= * [https://www.jw.org/nan-x-chw/ Min Nan (Taiwan)] =Sido kale fiiri= *[[Taywan]], (Ingiriisi: [[Taiwan]]) 53h15pvwbxbunkfs9q5s4su19s3ly24 238350 238349 2022-07-20T15:36:58Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Standard Chinese | nativename = {{lang|zh-hans|普通话}} / {{lang|zh-hant|普通話}} ''Pǔtōnghuà''<br>{{lang|zh-hans|国语}} / {{lang|zh-hant|國語}} ''Guóyǔ''<br>{{lang|zh-hans|华语}} / {{lang|zh-hant|華語}} ''Huáyǔ'' | altname = Modern Standard Mandarin | states = [[Shiinaha]], [[Taywan]], [[Singabuur]] | speakers = has begun acquiring native speakers | date = 1988, 2021 | ref = {{sfnp|Norman|1988|pp=251}}{{sfnp|Liang|2014|p=45}} | speakers2 = [[L2 speakers]]: 7% of China (2014)<ref name="SCMP Putonghua">{{cite news | title = One-third of Chinese do not speak Putonghua, says Education Ministry | first = Chris | last = Luo | newspaper = South China Morning Post | date = 22 September 2014 | url = http://www.scmp.com/news/china-insider/article/1598040/3-10-chinese-citizens-do-not-speak-putonghua-says-education}}</ref><ref name="languagelog">[http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=14771 Only 7% of people in China speak proper Putonghua: PRC MOE], ''Language Log'', 2014 Sept. 24<!--The original wording of the Education Ministry has the ambiguity concerning "10% of the 70% OR 10% out of total". Although we editors can choose not to suggest undue precision, it is better to adopt a specific number quoted from an actual source.--></ref> | familycolor = Sino-Tibetan | fam2 = [[Chinese language|Chinese]] | fam3 = [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] | fam4 = [[Beijing dialect]] | ancestor = [[Middle Mandarin]] | script = [[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional Chinese]]<br>[[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified Chinese]]<br>[[Mainland Chinese Braille]]<br>[[Taiwanese Braille]]<br>[[Two-Cell Chinese Braille]] | nation = * {{flag|China}} (as Putonghua) * {{flag|Taiwan}} (''de facto''; as [[Taiwanese Mandarin|Guoyu]]) * {{flag|Singapore}} (as [[Singaporean Mandarin|Huayu]]) * {{flag|United Nations}} * [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]] * {{flag|Myanmar}} ([[Wa State]]) | minority = | agency = National Language Regulating Committee (China)<!--[[:zh:国家语言文字工作委员会]]--><ref>http://www.china-language.gov.cn/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.china-language.gov.cn/ |date=20151218080430 }} (Chinese)</ref><br>[[National Languages Committee]] (Taiwan)<br>[[Promote Mandarin Council]] (Singapore)<br>[[Chinese Language Standardisation Council of Malaysia|Chinese Language Standardisation Council]] (Malaysia) | isoexception = dialect<!--Putonghua has not been assigned an ISO code--> | iso6 = goyu (Guoyu)<br>huyu (Huayu)<br>cosc (Putonghua) | notice = IPA | sign = [[Wenfa Shouyu]]<ref>[http://www.csie.ndhu.edu.tw/webv3/cht/speech/20091030%282%29.pdf 台灣手語簡介 (Taiwan)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.csie.ndhu.edu.tw/webv3/cht/speech/20091030%282%29.pdf |date=20140110090803 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110090803/http://www.csie.ndhu.edu.tw/webv3/cht/speech/20091030%282%29.pdf |date=10 January 2014 }} (2009)</ref> | glotto = none }} {{Infobox Chinese | title = Common name in mainland China | showflag = stp | first = t | s = {{linktext|普通话}} | t = {{linktext|普通話}} | p = Pǔtōnghuà | mi = {{IPAc-cmn|p|u|3|t|ong|1|h|ua|4}} | myr = Pǔtūnghwà | w = P'u³-t'ung¹-hua⁴ | l = Common speech | altname = Common name in Taiwan | s2 = {{linktext|国语}} | t2 = {{linktext|國語}} | p2 = Guóyǔ | mi2 = {{IPAc-cmn|g|uo|2|.|yu|3}} | w2 = Kuo²-yü³ | myr2 = gwóyǔ | l2 = [[National language]] | altname3 = Common name in Singapore and Southeast Asia | s3 = {{linktext|华语}} | t3 = {{linktext|華語}} | p3 = Huáyǔ | mi3 = {{IPAc-cmn|h|ua|2|.|yu|3}} | w3 = Hua²-yü³ | myr3 = hwáyǔ | l3 = Chinese language }} '''Heerka Shiinaha''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'Standard Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin', ama Mandarin, ayaa ah noocyo kala duwan oo Shiinees ah, oo ah luqada rasmiga ah ee Shiinaha iyo Taiwan (de facto), iyo mid ka mid ah afarta af rasmi ee [[Singabuur]]. Its dhawaaqu wuxuu ku salaysan yahay lahjadda Beijing, erayadeeda ku jirta luuqadaha Mandarin, iyo naxwaha wuxuu ku saleysan yahay shiinada qoran ee Shiinaha. Sida noocyo kaladuwan oo Shiinees ah, Heerka Shiineesku waa luuqad tonan oo leh mawduuc mawduuc leh oo mawduuc leh iyo mawduuc mawduuc ah. Waxay leedahay qandaraasleeyaal biloow ah, hase yeeshee, shaqaalihii yaraa, qandaraaska kama dambaysta ah iyo dhawaaqyada ayaa ka badan noocyada koonfurta. Heerka shiineesku waa luuqada falanqaynta, inkasta oo erayo badan oo isku dhafan. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo qaabeysan oo luuqadda ah, oo ah Putonghua oo ku yaala Mainland Shiinaha iyo Guoa ee Taiwan. Marka laga soo tago tiro farqi ah oo ku hadla luqada iyo erayada, Putonghua waxaa lagu qoray iyadoo la adeegsanayo jilayaasha fudud ee Shiinaha (oo lagu daray hanyu Pinyin romanisasi waayo baridda), halka Guoyu lagu qoro isticmaalka jilayaasha dhaqameed ee Shiinaha (oo lagu daro Zhuyin xagga waxbarida). Waxaa jira jilayaal badan oo isku mid ah labada ujeedka. =Akhriska sii wad= * [https://www.jw.org/nan-x-chw/ Min Nan (Taiwan)] =Sido kale fiiri= *[[Taywan]], (Ingiriisi: [[Taiwan]]) 5z0ihs0k5ujeykv4o43uvy2fa9sx5u5 238356 238350 2022-07-20T15:48:31Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bad template}} {{Medium low article}} {{Infobox language | name = Standard Chinese | nativename = {{lang|zh-hans|普通话}} / {{lang|zh-hant|普通話}} ''Pǔtōnghuà''<br>{{lang|zh-hans|国语}} / {{lang|zh-hant|國語}} ''Guóyǔ''<br>{{lang|zh-hans|华语}} / {{lang|zh-hant|華語}} ''Huáyǔ'' | altname = Modern Standard Mandarin | states = [[Shiinaha]], [[Taywan]], [[Singabuur]] | speakers = has begun acquiring native speakers | date = 1988, 2021 | ref = {{sfnp|Norman|1988|pp=251}}{{sfnp|Liang|2014|p=45}} | speakers2 = [[L2 speakers]]: 7% of China (2014)<ref name="SCMP Putonghua">{{cite news | title = One-third of Chinese do not speak Putonghua, says Education Ministry | first = Chris | last = Luo | newspaper = South China Morning Post | date = 22 September 2014 | url = http://www.scmp.com/news/china-insider/article/1598040/3-10-chinese-citizens-do-not-speak-putonghua-says-education}}</ref><ref name="languagelog">[http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=14771 Only 7% of people in China speak proper Putonghua: PRC MOE], ''Language Log'', 2014 Sept. 24<!--The original wording of the Education Ministry has the ambiguity concerning "10% of the 70% OR 10% out of total". Although we editors can choose not to suggest undue precision, it is better to adopt a specific number quoted from an actual source.--></ref> | familycolor = Sino-Tibetan | fam2 = [[Chinese language|Chinese]] | fam3 = [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] | fam4 = [[Beijing dialect]] | ancestor = [[Middle Mandarin]] | script = [[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional Chinese]]<br>[[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified Chinese]]<br>[[Mainland Chinese Braille]]<br>[[Taiwanese Braille]]<br>[[Two-Cell Chinese Braille]] | nation = * {{flag|China}} (as Putonghua) * {{flag|Taiwan}} (''de facto''; as [[Taiwanese Mandarin|Guoyu]]) * {{flag|Singapore}} (as [[Singaporean Mandarin|Huayu]]) * {{flag|United Nations}} * [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]] * {{flag|Myanmar}} ([[Wa State]]) | minority = | agency = National Language Regulating Committee (China)<!--[[:zh:国家语言文字工作委员会]]--><ref>http://www.china-language.gov.cn/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.china-language.gov.cn/ |date=20151218080430 }} (Chinese)</ref><br>[[National Languages Committee]] (Taiwan)<br>[[Promote Mandarin Council]] (Singapore)<br>[[Chinese Language Standardisation Council of Malaysia|Chinese Language Standardisation Council]] (Malaysia) | isoexception = dialect<!--Putonghua has not been assigned an ISO code--> | iso6 = goyu (Guoyu)<br>huyu (Huayu)<br>cosc (Putonghua) | notice = IPA | sign = [[Wenfa Shouyu]]<ref>[http://www.csie.ndhu.edu.tw/webv3/cht/speech/20091030%282%29.pdf 台灣手語簡介 (Taiwan)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.csie.ndhu.edu.tw/webv3/cht/speech/20091030%282%29.pdf |date=20140110090803 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110090803/http://www.csie.ndhu.edu.tw/webv3/cht/speech/20091030%282%29.pdf |date=10 January 2014 }} (2009)</ref> | glotto = none }} {{Infobox Chinese | title = Common name in mainland China | showflag = stp | first = t | s = {{linktext|普通话}} | t = {{linktext|普通話}} | p = Pǔtōnghuà | mi = {{IPAc-cmn|p|u|3|t|ong|1|h|ua|4}} | myr = Pǔtūnghwà | w = P'u³-t'ung¹-hua⁴ | l = Common speech | altname = Common name in Taiwan | s2 = {{linktext|国语}} | t2 = {{linktext|國語}} | p2 = Guóyǔ | mi2 = {{IPAc-cmn|g|uo|2|.|yu|3}} | w2 = Kuo²-yü³ | myr2 = gwóyǔ | l2 = [[National language]] | altname3 = Common name in Singapore and Southeast Asia | s3 = {{linktext|华语}} | t3 = {{linktext|華語}} | p3 = Huáyǔ | mi3 = {{IPAc-cmn|h|ua|2|.|yu|3}} | w3 = Hua²-yü³ | myr3 = hwáyǔ | l3 = Chinese language }} '''Heerka Shiinaha''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'Standard Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin', ama Mandarin, ayaa ah noocyo kala duwan oo Shiinees ah, oo ah luqada rasmiga ah ee Shiinaha iyo Taiwan (de facto), iyo mid ka mid ah afarta af rasmi ee [[Singabuur]]. Its dhawaaqu wuxuu ku salaysan yahay lahjadda Beijing, erayadeeda ku jirta luuqadaha Mandarin, iyo naxwaha wuxuu ku saleysan yahay shiinada qoran ee Shiinaha. Sida noocyo kaladuwan oo Shiinees ah, Heerka Shiineesku waa luuqad tonan oo leh mawduuc mawduuc leh oo mawduuc leh iyo mawduuc mawduuc ah. Waxay leedahay qandaraasleeyaal biloow ah, hase yeeshee, shaqaalihii yaraa, qandaraaska kama dambaysta ah iyo dhawaaqyada ayaa ka badan noocyada koonfurta. Heerka shiineesku waa luuqada falanqaynta, inkasta oo erayo badan oo isku dhafan. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo qaabeysan oo luuqadda ah, oo ah Putonghua oo ku yaala Mainland Shiinaha iyo Guoa ee Taiwan. Marka laga soo tago tiro farqi ah oo ku hadla luqada iyo erayada, Putonghua waxaa lagu qoray iyadoo la adeegsanayo jilayaasha fudud ee Shiinaha (oo lagu daray hanyu Pinyin romanisasi waayo baridda), halka Guoyu lagu qoro isticmaalka jilayaasha dhaqameed ee Shiinaha (oo lagu daro Zhuyin xagga waxbarida). Waxaa jira jilayaal badan oo isku mid ah labada ujeedka. =Akhriska sii wad= * [https://www.jw.org/nan-x-chw/ Min Nan (Taiwan)] =Sido kale fiiri= *[[Taywan]], (Ingiriisi: [[Taiwan]]) 7w7m12ksdbkrz7gfduzu8l1rftcrmmy 238357 238356 2022-07-20T15:49:02Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 EnsiklopediaXylon moved page [[Taiwanese Mandarin]] to [[Luuqadda Mandarinka Taywan]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bad template}} {{Medium low article}} {{Infobox language | name = Standard Chinese | nativename = {{lang|zh-hans|普通话}} / {{lang|zh-hant|普通話}} ''Pǔtōnghuà''<br>{{lang|zh-hans|国语}} / {{lang|zh-hant|國語}} ''Guóyǔ''<br>{{lang|zh-hans|华语}} / {{lang|zh-hant|華語}} ''Huáyǔ'' | altname = Modern Standard Mandarin | states = [[Shiinaha]], [[Taywan]], [[Singabuur]] | speakers = has begun acquiring native speakers | date = 1988, 2021 | ref = {{sfnp|Norman|1988|pp=251}}{{sfnp|Liang|2014|p=45}} | speakers2 = [[L2 speakers]]: 7% of China (2014)<ref name="SCMP Putonghua">{{cite news | title = One-third of Chinese do not speak Putonghua, says Education Ministry | first = Chris | last = Luo | newspaper = South China Morning Post | date = 22 September 2014 | url = http://www.scmp.com/news/china-insider/article/1598040/3-10-chinese-citizens-do-not-speak-putonghua-says-education}}</ref><ref name="languagelog">[http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=14771 Only 7% of people in China speak proper Putonghua: PRC MOE], ''Language Log'', 2014 Sept. 24<!--The original wording of the Education Ministry has the ambiguity concerning "10% of the 70% OR 10% out of total". Although we editors can choose not to suggest undue precision, it is better to adopt a specific number quoted from an actual source.--></ref> | familycolor = Sino-Tibetan | fam2 = [[Chinese language|Chinese]] | fam3 = [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] | fam4 = [[Beijing dialect]] | ancestor = [[Middle Mandarin]] | script = [[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional Chinese]]<br>[[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified Chinese]]<br>[[Mainland Chinese Braille]]<br>[[Taiwanese Braille]]<br>[[Two-Cell Chinese Braille]] | nation = * {{flag|China}} (as Putonghua) * {{flag|Taiwan}} (''de facto''; as [[Taiwanese Mandarin|Guoyu]]) * {{flag|Singapore}} (as [[Singaporean Mandarin|Huayu]]) * {{flag|United Nations}} * [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]] * {{flag|Myanmar}} ([[Wa State]]) | minority = | agency = National Language Regulating Committee (China)<!--[[:zh:国家语言文字工作委员会]]--><ref>http://www.china-language.gov.cn/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.china-language.gov.cn/ |date=20151218080430 }} (Chinese)</ref><br>[[National Languages Committee]] (Taiwan)<br>[[Promote Mandarin Council]] (Singapore)<br>[[Chinese Language Standardisation Council of Malaysia|Chinese Language Standardisation Council]] (Malaysia) | isoexception = dialect<!--Putonghua has not been assigned an ISO code--> | iso6 = goyu (Guoyu)<br>huyu (Huayu)<br>cosc (Putonghua) | notice = IPA | sign = [[Wenfa Shouyu]]<ref>[http://www.csie.ndhu.edu.tw/webv3/cht/speech/20091030%282%29.pdf 台灣手語簡介 (Taiwan)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.csie.ndhu.edu.tw/webv3/cht/speech/20091030%282%29.pdf |date=20140110090803 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110090803/http://www.csie.ndhu.edu.tw/webv3/cht/speech/20091030%282%29.pdf |date=10 January 2014 }} (2009)</ref> | glotto = none }} {{Infobox Chinese | title = Common name in mainland China | showflag = stp | first = t | s = {{linktext|普通话}} | t = {{linktext|普通話}} | p = Pǔtōnghuà | mi = {{IPAc-cmn|p|u|3|t|ong|1|h|ua|4}} | myr = Pǔtūnghwà | w = P'u³-t'ung¹-hua⁴ | l = Common speech | altname = Common name in Taiwan | s2 = {{linktext|国语}} | t2 = {{linktext|國語}} | p2 = Guóyǔ | mi2 = {{IPAc-cmn|g|uo|2|.|yu|3}} | w2 = Kuo²-yü³ | myr2 = gwóyǔ | l2 = [[National language]] | altname3 = Common name in Singapore and Southeast Asia | s3 = {{linktext|华语}} | t3 = {{linktext|華語}} | p3 = Huáyǔ | mi3 = {{IPAc-cmn|h|ua|2|.|yu|3}} | w3 = Hua²-yü³ | myr3 = hwáyǔ | l3 = Chinese language }} '''Heerka Shiinaha''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'Standard Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin', ama Mandarin, ayaa ah noocyo kala duwan oo Shiinees ah, oo ah luqada rasmiga ah ee Shiinaha iyo Taiwan (de facto), iyo mid ka mid ah afarta af rasmi ee [[Singabuur]]. Its dhawaaqu wuxuu ku salaysan yahay lahjadda Beijing, erayadeeda ku jirta luuqadaha Mandarin, iyo naxwaha wuxuu ku saleysan yahay shiinada qoran ee Shiinaha. Sida noocyo kaladuwan oo Shiinees ah, Heerka Shiineesku waa luuqad tonan oo leh mawduuc mawduuc leh oo mawduuc leh iyo mawduuc mawduuc ah. Waxay leedahay qandaraasleeyaal biloow ah, hase yeeshee, shaqaalihii yaraa, qandaraaska kama dambaysta ah iyo dhawaaqyada ayaa ka badan noocyada koonfurta. Heerka shiineesku waa luuqada falanqaynta, inkasta oo erayo badan oo isku dhafan. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo qaabeysan oo luuqadda ah, oo ah Putonghua oo ku yaala Mainland Shiinaha iyo Guoa ee Taiwan. Marka laga soo tago tiro farqi ah oo ku hadla luqada iyo erayada, Putonghua waxaa lagu qoray iyadoo la adeegsanayo jilayaasha fudud ee Shiinaha (oo lagu daray hanyu Pinyin romanisasi waayo baridda), halka Guoyu lagu qoro isticmaalka jilayaasha dhaqameed ee Shiinaha (oo lagu daro Zhuyin xagga waxbarida). Waxaa jira jilayaal badan oo isku mid ah labada ujeedka. =Akhriska sii wad= * [https://www.jw.org/nan-x-chw/ Min Nan (Taiwan)] =Sido kale fiiri= *[[Taywan]], (Ingiriisi: [[Taiwan]]) 7w7m12ksdbkrz7gfduzu8l1rftcrmmy 0 24747 238416 225356 2022-07-21T11:31:23Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki Xiriirada diblomaasiyadeed ee u dhexeeya [[Jabaan]] iyo [[Soomaaliya]] ayaa markii ugu horraysay la aasaasay 1960-kii, oo la socday madax-bannaanida Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya. Sanadkii 1982, xukuumadda Soomaaliya waxay dhistay safaarada Tokyo. Waxaa markaa la xidhay 1990-kii. Ka dib markii ay bilowday dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya sanadkii 1991, hay'adaha Japan ayaa ku yaboohay lacago horumarineed iyada oo loo marayo ururo caalami ah oo kala duwan. Dhismaha dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya ee bishii Agoosto [[2012]] ayaa waxaa soo dhaweeyay masuuliyiinta Japan, kuwaas oo dib u xaqiijiyay taageerada Japan ee dowladda Soomaaliya, xuduudkeeda dhuleed iyo madaxbanaanideeda. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Japan Shinzo Abe ayaa sidoo kale ku dhawaaqay in Japan ay dib u bilaabi doonto gargaarka tooska ah ee Soomaaliya, gaar ahaan dhinacyada ammaanka, horumarinta warshadaha, ganacsiga iyo maalgashiga labada dhinac. Japan ayaa xafiisyo diblomaasiyadeed ku heysa Soomaaliya iyada oo loo marayo safaaradeeda aan deegaanka ahayn ee [[Nayroobi]], [[Kenya]]. Bishii Janaayo 2014, Japan waxay u magacawday Tatsushi Terada oo ah Safiirka cusub ee Jabaan ee Soomaaliya, bedelaya Atoshisa Takata. Danjire Terada ayaa si rasmi ah u soo bandhigay aqoonsigiisa madaxweynaha Soomaaliya Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud xaflad ka dhacday Muqdisho. [[File:Flag of Japan.svg]] [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg]] n9tllhg4t1nnl23bxq9h56e7ozifeq1 0 24894 238412 227347 2022-07-21T11:29:43Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 EnsiklopediaXylon moved page [[Barelang Bridge]] to [[Buundada Barelang]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barelang Bridge]] (Jawi: Jemal Bareyl; Shiinaha: Indiya: Jiman Barelang) waa silsilad ah 6 [[buundo]] oo noocyo kala duwan ah oo isku xira jasiiradaha Batam, Rempang, iyo Galang, Riau Islands ([[Indunisiya]]) oo la dhisay [[1997]]. Barelang ayaa sidoo kale ka hadlaya jasiiradaha , kuwaas oo dhammaantood maamula qayb ka mid ah degmada Batam. Jasiiradaha yaryar ee Tonton, Nipah, iyo Setotok (oo la tixgeliyo qaybo ka mid ah jasiiradda Batam) waxay ku xidhantahay Batam iyo Rempang. Gobolka Barelang oo dhan wuxuu daboolaa 715 km². Qaar ka mid ah dadka deegaanka wac buundada Jembatan Habibie ka dib markii Dr. Jusuf Habibie, kuwaas oo dusha kala mashruuca dhismaha, dooneysa inay u beddesho Rempang iyo Galang jasiiradaha galay goobaha warshadaha (u eg joogo-maalin Batam) design Ra'yiga ee 6 buundooyinka waxaa soo jeediyay Bruce Ramsay oo ka tirsan VSL. Dr. Habibie ayaa ka codsaday in naqshaduhu ay ku saleysnaadaan kala duwanaansho noocyada kala duwan ee biriijka, si loo soo saaro & loo horumariyo gawaarida cusub iyo tiknoolajiyada cusub ee suuqa Indonesia. Muddo ka dib, buundooyinka gawaarida way sii kordheen soo jiidasho dalxiis halkii ay ka soo raaci lahaayeen safarka gaadiidka. [[Category:Aasiya]] [[Category:Buundo]] 17gefixwufwtvdy5sn46knmo9kcde99 238414 238412 2022-07-21T11:30:10Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barelang Bridge''' (Jawi: Jemal Bareyl; Shiinaha: Indiya: Jiman Barelang) waa silsilad ah 6 [[buundo]] oo noocyo kala duwan ah oo isku xira jasiiradaha Batam, Rempang, iyo Galang, Riau Islands ([[Indunisiya]]) oo la dhisay [[1997]]. Barelang ayaa sidoo kale ka hadlaya jasiiradaha , kuwaas oo dhammaantood maamula qayb ka mid ah degmada Batam. Jasiiradaha yaryar ee Tonton, Nipah, iyo Setotok (oo la tixgeliyo qaybo ka mid ah jasiiradda Batam) waxay ku xidhantahay Batam iyo Rempang. Gobolka Barelang oo dhan wuxuu daboolaa 715 km². Qaar ka mid ah dadka deegaanka wac buundada Jembatan Habibie ka dib markii Dr. Jusuf Habibie, kuwaas oo dusha kala mashruuca dhismaha, dooneysa inay u beddesho Rempang iyo Galang jasiiradaha galay goobaha warshadaha (u eg joogo-maalin Batam) design Ra'yiga ee 6 buundooyinka waxaa soo jeediyay Bruce Ramsay oo ka tirsan VSL. Dr. Habibie ayaa ka codsaday in naqshaduhu ay ku saleysnaadaan kala duwanaansho noocyada kala duwan ee biriijka, si loo soo saaro & loo horumariyo gawaarida cusub iyo tiknoolajiyada cusub ee suuqa Indonesia. Muddo ka dib, buundooyinka gawaarida way sii kordheen soo jiidasho dalxiis halkii ay ka soo raaci lahaayeen safarka gaadiidka. {{stub}} [[Category:Aasiya]] [[Category:Buundo]] 2i0tgq0c7xa668s56z3u9lqs8yfpbf9 238415 238414 2022-07-21T11:30:21Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (Jawi: Jemal Bareyl; Shiinaha: Indiya: Jiman Barelang) waa silsilad ah 6 [[buundo]] oo noocyo kala duwan ah oo isku xira jasiiradaha Batam, Rempang, iyo Galang, Riau Islands ([[Indunisiya]]) oo la dhisay [[1997]]. Barelang ayaa sidoo kale ka hadlaya jasiiradaha , kuwaas oo dhammaantood maamula qayb ka mid ah degmada Batam. Jasiiradaha yaryar ee Tonton, Nipah, iyo Setotok (oo la tixgeliyo qaybo ka mid ah jasiiradda Batam) waxay ku xidhantahay Batam iyo Rempang. Gobolka Barelang oo dhan wuxuu daboolaa 715 km². Qaar ka mid ah dadka deegaanka wac buundada Jembatan Habibie ka dib markii Dr. Jusuf Habibie, kuwaas oo dusha kala mashruuca dhismaha, dooneysa inay u beddesho Rempang iyo Galang jasiiradaha galay goobaha warshadaha (u eg joogo-maalin Batam) design Ra'yiga ee 6 buundooyinka waxaa soo jeediyay Bruce Ramsay oo ka tirsan VSL. Dr. Habibie ayaa ka codsaday in naqshaduhu ay ku saleysnaadaan kala duwanaansho noocyada kala duwan ee biriijka, si loo soo saaro & loo horumariyo gawaarida cusub iyo tiknoolajiyada cusub ee suuqa Indonesia. Muddo ka dib, buundooyinka gawaarida way sii kordheen soo jiidasho dalxiis halkii ay ka soo raaci lahaayeen safarka gaadiidka. {{stub}} [[Category:Aasiya]] [[Category:Buundo]] p85snw1evfptmhajmmn3tob34ced9zq 0 25294 238337 221172 2022-07-20T15:26:20Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shibam_Wadi_Hadhramaut_Yemen.jpg|thumb|right|600px|]] [[File:Hadramawt_400_BC.jpg|thumbnail|600px|Boqortooyadii Xadhramawt 400 BC]] [[File:Arabia 1914.png|thumbnail|600px|Jasiiradda Carabta ee [[1914]]]] [[File:Flag of Hadramout.svg|thumb|Calanka Xadhrami]] '''Hadramaut, Hadhramaut, Hadramout, Hadramawt''' ama Ḥaḍḍūt ([[Af-Carabi??: حضرموت ناش: a Mus: 𐩢𐩳𐩧𐩣𐩩) waa gobol ku yaal koonfurta dhammaadkii [[jasiiradda Carabta]]. Magaca ayaa si rasmi ah loo sii hayay Guddoomiye ku xigeenka Hadhramaut ee Jamhuuriyadda Yaman. Dadka Hadhramaut waxaa loogu yeeraa Hadhrami iyo Hadhrami Carabi. rkwjezvmcwn0c3uqf8312oj0z0jtmqq 238338 238337 2022-07-20T15:26:34Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 EnsiklopediaXylon moved page [[Hadhramaut]] to [[Xadhramawt]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shibam_Wadi_Hadhramaut_Yemen.jpg|thumb|right|600px|]] [[File:Hadramawt_400_BC.jpg|thumbnail|600px|Boqortooyadii Xadhramawt 400 BC]] [[File:Arabia 1914.png|thumbnail|600px|Jasiiradda Carabta ee [[1914]]]] [[File:Flag of Hadramout.svg|thumb|Calanka Xadhrami]] '''Hadramaut, Hadhramaut, Hadramout, Hadramawt''' ama Ḥaḍḍūt ([[Af-Carabi??: حضرموت ناش: a Mus: 𐩢𐩳𐩧𐩣𐩩) waa gobol ku yaal koonfurta dhammaadkii [[jasiiradda Carabta]]. Magaca ayaa si rasmi ah loo sii hayay Guddoomiye ku xigeenka Hadhramaut ee Jamhuuriyadda Yaman. Dadka Hadhramaut waxaa loogu yeeraa Hadhrami iyo Hadhrami Carabi. rkwjezvmcwn0c3uqf8312oj0z0jtmqq 238340 238338 2022-07-20T15:27:00Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shibam_Wadi_Hadhramaut_Yemen.jpg|thumb|right|600px|]] [[File:Hadramawt_400_BC.jpg|thumbnail|600px|Boqortooyadii Xadhramawt 400 BC]] [[File:Arabia 1914.png|thumbnail|600px|Jasiiradda Carabta ee [[1914]]]] [[File:Flag of Hadramout.svg|thumb|Calanka Xadhrami]] '''Hadramaut, Hadhramaut, Hadramout, Hadramawt''' ama Ḥaḍḍūt ([[Af-Carabi]]: حضرموت ناش: a Mus: 𐩢𐩳𐩧𐩣𐩩) waa gobol ku yaal koonfurta dhammaadkii [[jasiiradda Carabta]]. Magaca ayaa si rasmi ah loo sii hayay Guddoomiye ku xigeenka Hadhramaut ee Jamhuuriyadda Yaman. Dadka Hadhramaut waxaa loogu yeeraa Hadhrami iyo Hadhrami Carabi. c4py08hy1vlaomckg9e9rm2ytrw86hm 238341 238340 2022-07-20T15:27:23Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shibam_Wadi_Hadhramaut_Yemen.jpg|thumb|right|600px|]] [[File:Hadramawt_400_BC.jpg|thumbnail|600px|Boqortooyadii Xadhramawt 400 BC]] [[File:Arabia 1914.png|thumbnail|600px|Jasiiradda Carabta ee [[1914]]]] [[File:Flag of Hadramout.svg|thumb|Calanka Xadhrami]] '''Hadramaut, Hadhramaut, Hadramout, Hadramawt''' ama Ḥaḍḍūt ([[Af-Carabi]]: حضرموت ناش, Xadhramawtik: 𐩢𐩳𐩧𐩣𐩩) waa gobol ku yaal koonfurta dhammaadkii [[jasiiradda Carabta]]. Magaca ayaa si rasmi ah loo sii hayay Guddoomiye ku xigeenka Hadhramaut ee Jamhuuriyadda Yaman. Dadka Hadhramaut waxaa loogu yeeraa Hadhrami iyo Hadhrami Carabi. javt5iwwyd8g627u4lmg8gw15rmn51d 0 25330 238406 178080 2022-07-21T11:23:25Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Medium low article}} Nidaamka Dhismaha Dhulka ee Dhulka Leh (NEOCam) waa taleefanka loo yaqaan "infrared infrared telescope" oo loogu talagalay in lagu baaro Nidaamka Maalinta Qodobka loogu talagalay astaamaha halista ah ee asteroids [1] [2] NEOCam waxay ka baaraandegi doontaa dhulka Sun-Earth L1 Lagrange, taas oo u oggolaanaysa in ay u dhowaato Qorraxda oo ay aragto walxaha gudaha hareeraha Earth. [3] [4] NEOCam waxay noqon doontaa guusha hawsha NEOWISE; baaraha maamulaha waa NEOWISE ee baadhaha maamulaha, Amy Mainzer oo ah shaybaadhka Jet Propulsion ee NASA [5] Hindisaha NEOCam waxaa lagu soo gudbiyey barnaamijka NASA Discovery Program ee 2006, 2010, iyo 2015. Sanadkii 2010, NEOCam waxaa loo doortay inuu helo maalgelin horumarineed oo tiknoolaji ah si loo dhiso loona tijaabiyo qalabka cusub ee loo yaqaan 'deterrent' oo loogu talagalay garoomada 'asteroid iyo cometoid' iyo helitaanka 'discovery' [6] [7] 30-kii Sebtembar 2015, Barnaamijka Discovery Program wuxuu horumariyey NEOCam oo ay wehliyaan afar xafiis oo kale oo loogu talagalay in lagu hormariyo sanadka soo socda, iyada oo hawl kastana ay qaadanayso $ 3 milyan oo doolar oo daraasad hal sano ah. [9] [10] Inkastoo aysan ku guulaysan 4-Jannaayo Juun 2017 xulashada labada isku-xirkood ee Discovery, waxaa la siiyay sanadka dheeraadka ah ee maalgelinta. 4aqhquhmkyd70pl7o73ybir18wwqxnf 238407 238406 2022-07-21T11:24:21Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 EnsiklopediaXylon moved page [[Near-Earth Object Camera]] to [[NEO Surveyor]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Medium low article}} Nidaamka Dhismaha Dhulka ee Dhulka Leh (NEOCam) waa taleefanka loo yaqaan "infrared infrared telescope" oo loogu talagalay in lagu baaro Nidaamka Maalinta Qodobka loogu talagalay astaamaha halista ah ee asteroids [1] [2] NEOCam waxay ka baaraandegi doontaa dhulka Sun-Earth L1 Lagrange, taas oo u oggolaanaysa in ay u dhowaato Qorraxda oo ay aragto walxaha gudaha hareeraha Earth. [3] [4] NEOCam waxay noqon doontaa guusha hawsha NEOWISE; baaraha maamulaha waa NEOWISE ee baadhaha maamulaha, Amy Mainzer oo ah shaybaadhka Jet Propulsion ee NASA [5] Hindisaha NEOCam waxaa lagu soo gudbiyey barnaamijka NASA Discovery Program ee 2006, 2010, iyo 2015. Sanadkii 2010, NEOCam waxaa loo doortay inuu helo maalgelin horumarineed oo tiknoolaji ah si loo dhiso loona tijaabiyo qalabka cusub ee loo yaqaan 'deterrent' oo loogu talagalay garoomada 'asteroid iyo cometoid' iyo helitaanka 'discovery' [6] [7] 30-kii Sebtembar 2015, Barnaamijka Discovery Program wuxuu horumariyey NEOCam oo ay wehliyaan afar xafiis oo kale oo loogu talagalay in lagu hormariyo sanadka soo socda, iyada oo hawl kastana ay qaadanayso $ 3 milyan oo doolar oo daraasad hal sano ah. [9] [10] Inkastoo aysan ku guulaysan 4-Jannaayo Juun 2017 xulashada labada isku-xirkood ee Discovery, waxaa la siiyay sanadka dheeraadka ah ee maalgelinta. 4aqhquhmkyd70pl7o73ybir18wwqxnf 238409 238407 2022-07-21T11:26:35Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sahanka NEO''', oo hore loogu yeedhi jiray '''Kaamirada Shayga-Dhul-Dhow''' (NEOCam), ka dibna Hawlgalka Kormeerka NEO, waa telescope infrared-ku-saleysan meel bannaan oo qorshaysan oo loogu talagalay in lagu sahamiyo Nidaamka [[Qorax]]da ee [[asteroid]]-ka khatarta ah. [[Category:Saynis]] rbf2q4ha1gxkux5fvteuv5x7latlhos 238410 238409 2022-07-21T11:26:47Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sahanka NEO''', oo hore loogu yeedhi jiray '''Kaamirada Shayga-Dhul-Dhow''' (NEOCam), ka dibna Hawlgalka Kormeerka NEO, waa telescope infrared-ku-saleysan meel bannaan oo qorshaysan oo loogu talagalay in lagu sahamiyo Nidaamka [[Qorax]]da ee [[asteroid]]-ka khatarta ah. {{stub}} [[Category:Saynis]] 94j2o6wq9qccno3qd990pjio99fio1w 0 25332 238411 178082 2022-07-21T11:28:46Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Orbit@home]] wuxuu ahaa mashruuc xisaabin qaybin ah oo ku salaysan BOINC ee '''Machadka Sayniska Planetary'''. Waxay isticmaashaa qaabdhismeedka "Dib-u-dhiska Orbit, Jilidda iyo Falanqaynta"<ref>[http://orsa.sourceforge.net/index.html ORSA - Orbit Reconstruction, Simulation and Analysis]. Retrieved on 2011-02-20.</ref> si ay u wanaajiso xeeladaha raadinta ee loo isticmaalo in lagu helo walxaha dhulka u dhow. =Tixraacyada= {{reflist}} 52y31m12p21vsl8hm37xbmv83b3gjoo 0 25556 238432 222485 2022-07-21T11:51:13Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 Bog loo bedeley [[Bengkulu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Bengkulu]] p09c8c4wfwrgcvw7f77xz4ryixoozgo 0 25567 238419 187466 2022-07-21T11:33:40Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 Wuxuu qoraalka ku badalay "{{delete}}" wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete}} 35r2j9t4ectnt1cmb7mlgcqvwz6h5k6 0 25574 238429 223788 2022-07-21T11:47:19Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lampung]] waa gobolka [[Indunisiya]]. Waxay ku taallaa dhinaca koonfureed ee jasiiradda Sumatra waxayna xuduud u tahay gobollada Bengkulu iyo Koonfurta Sumatra ilaa woqooyiga. Waa guriga asalka ah ee dadka Lampung, oo ku hadlaya luqadooda oo ay haystaan ​​warqad qoran. Caasimaddu waa [[Bandar Lampung]]. =Sharaxaada= Gobolka waxaa ku nool dad tiradoodu ahayd 7,596,115 oo ka soo jeeda tirakoobkii [[2010]], laga soo bilaabo Janaayo [[2014]], waxaa ku nool dad tiradoodu ahayd 7,972,246. Saddex rubuc ah dadka hadda ku nool Lampung ayaa ka soo degay Javanese, Madurese, iyo muhaajiriinta Balinese. Muhaajiriintaas ayaa labadoodaba u soo jeediyay dadaalkooda, iyaga oo raadinaya dhul intaa ka badan oo laga heli karo jasiiradaha dadku ku badan yihiin, iyo qayb ka mid ah barnaamijka isgaarsiinta ee dawlada dhexe, kaas oo Lampung uu ka mid ahaa meelaha ugu muhiimsan uguna muhimsan. Lampung waxaa badanaa loo yaqaanaa xasillooni darradeed. 10kii Maajo [[2005]], [[dhulgariir]]ka 6.4 ayaa ku dhuftey gobolka. Duufaantii taariikhiga ah ee taariikhiga ah ee Krakatau, sannadkii [[1883]], ayaa waxyeelo ba'an ka soo gaadhay aagga. =Tixraavyada= {{stub}} 7kdpmeec9nccb7zftf3it2b5a1e2yw4 238430 238429 2022-07-21T11:47:27Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lampung]] waa gobolka [[Indunisiya]]. Waxay ku taallaa dhinaca koonfureed ee jasiiradda Sumatra waxayna xuduud u tahay gobollada Bengkulu iyo Koonfurta Sumatra ilaa woqooyiga. Waa guriga asalka ah ee dadka Lampung, oo ku hadlaya luqadooda oo ay haystaan ​​warqad qoran. Caasimaddu waa [[Bandar Lampung]]. =Sharaxaada= Gobolka waxaa ku nool dad tiradoodu ahayd 7,596,115 oo ka soo jeeda tirakoobkii [[2010]], laga soo bilaabo Janaayo [[2014]], waxaa ku nool dad tiradoodu ahayd 7,972,246. Saddex rubuc ah dadka hadda ku nool Lampung ayaa ka soo degay Javanese, Madurese, iyo muhaajiriinta Balinese. Muhaajiriintaas ayaa labadoodaba u soo jeediyay dadaalkooda, iyaga oo raadinaya dhul intaa ka badan oo laga heli karo jasiiradaha dadku ku badan yihiin, iyo qayb ka mid ah barnaamijka isgaarsiinta ee dawlada dhexe, kaas oo Lampung uu ka mid ahaa meelaha ugu muhiimsan uguna muhimsan. Lampung waxaa badanaa loo yaqaanaa xasillooni darradeed. 10kii Maajo [[2005]], [[dhulgariir]]ka 6.4 ayaa ku dhuftey gobolka. Duufaantii taariikhiga ah ee taariikhiga ah ee Krakatau, sannadkii [[1883]], ayaa waxyeelo ba'an ka soo gaadhay aagga. =Tixraacyada= {{stub}} k7kcvbad7yw17f8gdt1qd2pkjxlhq5z 238431 238430 2022-07-21T11:50:03Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lampung]] waa gobolka [[Indunisiya]]. Waxay ku taallaa dhinaca koonfureed ee jasiiradda Sumatra waxayna xuduud u tahay gobollada Bengkulu iyo Koonfurta Sumatra ilaa woqooyiga. Waa guriga asalka ah ee dadka Lampung, oo ku hadlaya luqadooda oo ay haystaan ​​warqad qoran. Caasimaddu waa [[Bandar Lampung]]. =Sharaxaada= Gobolka waxaa ku nool dad tiradoodu ahayd 7,596,115 oo ka soo jeeda tirakoobkii [[2010]], laga soo bilaabo Janaayo [[2014]], waxaa ku nool dad tiradoodu ahayd 7,972,246. Saddex rubuc ah dadka hadda ku nool Lampung ayaa ka soo degay Af-Jawa, Af-Madura, iyo muhaajiriinta Af-Bali. Muhaajiriintaas ayaa labadoodaba u soo jeediyay dadaalkooda, iyaga oo raadinaya dhul intaa ka badan oo laga heli karo jasiiradaha dadku ku badan yihiin, iyo qayb ka mid ah barnaamijka isgaarsiinta ee dawlada dhexe, kaas oo Lampung uu ka mid ahaa meelaha ugu muhiimsan uguna muhimsan. Lampung waxaa badanaa loo yaqaanaa xasillooni darradeed. 10kii Maajo [[2005]], [[dhulgariir]]ka 6.4 ayaa ku dhuftey gobolka. Duufaantii taariikhiga ah ee taariikhiga ah ee Krakatau, sannadkii [[1883]], ayaa waxyeelo ba'an ka soo gaadhay aagga. =Tixraacyada= {{stub}} grsqp3arutmz6olqmt1sa6zqhl6s305 0 25910 238379 191160 2022-07-21T03:08:46Z Mwasoge 29030 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Liiska Safiirada dadka ku Jabaan''' {{Flag|Japan}}- '''Shinzo Abe''' *{{Flag|United States}}: William F. Hagerty ''Un Tiroka 840'' *{{Flag|United Kingdom}} Paul Madden ''Un Tiroka 826'' *{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} *{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} Ahmad Al-Barrak ''Un Tiroka 682'' *{{Flag|France}}: Laurent Pic ''Un Tiroka 250'' *{{Flag|China}} Cheng Yonghua ''Un Tiroka 156'' *{{Flag|Somalia}} - ''Un Tiroka 706'' *{{Flag|Djibouti}} *{{Flag|Ethiopia}} - H. E. Amb. Cham Ugala ''Un Tiroka 231'' *{{Flag|Italy}} - ''Un Tiroka 380'' - *{{Flag|Algeria}} - *{{Flag|Sudan}} - *{{Flag|Uganda}} - *{{Flag|Yemen }}-''Un Tiroka 887'' *{{Flag|Switzerland}} Jean Fracois Paroz ==Sido kale Fiiri== * [[Liska Safiirada dadka ku Dalalka]] [[Category:Jabaan]] qa2i21rv2va9o1ngnh405sph8e8rsw3 0 27791 238399 238015 2022-07-21T09:56:44Z 62.140.210.135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Soomaaliya}} {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{Coord|10|N|49|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Soomaaliya | common_name = Somalia | native_name = Federal Republic of Somalia</br>جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_coat =Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | national_anthem = "{{lang|so|[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]|italic=no}}"<Br><center>[[File:Somalian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]</center> | image_map = Somalia (orthographic projection).svg | map_caption = Meelaha ay maamusho Dowlada Somalia waxaa lagu muujiyay cagaar madow ah; meelaha ay maamusho dowladda somaliland waxaa lagu muujiyay cagaar khafiif ah. Soonayaasha la maamulaayo waa mida waqtigaan xaadirka.<!-- Parameter is earmarked for text description of location of country per [[Template:Infobox_country#Syntax]]. --> | image_map2 = Somalia - Location Map (2011) - SOM - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[Muqdisho]] | coordinates = {{Coord|2|2|N|45|21|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Soomaali|Soomaali]] | [[Af-Carabi|Carabi]]}} | languages_type = Afafka qalaad | languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriis]]|[[Af-Taliyaani|Talyaani]]<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ita ethnologue.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&category=&publisher=&type=LEGISLATION&coi=SOM&rid=456d621e2&docid=4795c2d22&skip=0 Scuola media di Mogadiscio]</ref>}} | religion = [[Islam]] | demonym = [[Soomaalida]] | government_type = [[Federation|Federaal]] [[Baarlamaanka Jamhuuriyadda]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweynaha]] | leader_name1 = [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]],[[PDP]] | leader_title2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Raiisul wasaaraha]] | [[Mohamed Hussein Roble]] | legislature = [[Baarlamaanka Dowlada Fadaraalka||Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] | sovereignty_type = [[Taariikhda Soomaaliya|Samaynta]] | established_event9 = [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska Somaliland]] | established_date9 = 1884 | established_event10 = [[Boqortooyada Talyaaniga Somaliland]] | established_date10 = 1889 | established_event11 = ka xoroobay [[Boqortooyada Talyaaniga]] | established_date11 = 1 Juulyo 1960 | established_event12 = [[Qaraarka Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay 141|Qaraarka Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay]] ogolaashaha [[Qaramada Midoobay]] | established_date12 = 20 Sebteembar 1960 | established_event13 = [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka hadda]] | established_date13 = 1 Agoosto 2012 | area_km2 = 637,657 | area_rank = 43rd <!--should be same as listed on [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 246,200 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | percent_water = | population_estimate = 11,031,386 | population_estimate_year = 2017 | population_estimate_rank = {{smaller|76th}} | population_density_km2 = 19.31<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161003235053/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/arabstates/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf UNFPA Somali Population Survey 2014]. Somalia.unfpa.org (6 April 2014). Retrieved 6 October 2016.</ref> | population_density_sq_mi = 41.73 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | GDP_PPP = [[United States dollar|US$]] | GDP_PPP_year = 61 | GDP_PPP_rank = 75 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]3077.23 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 100 | GDP_nominal = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]8.7 Billion Dollars | GDP_nominal_year = | GDP_nominal_rank = {{smaller|114th}} | GDP_nominal_per_capita = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]2716 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = {{smaller|133rd}} | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI = <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank =153 | currency = [[Shilin Soomaali]] | currency_code = $1=100 SOS | time_zone = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Lambarka Taleefoonada Soomaaliya|+252]] | cctld = [[.so]] | today = |leader_name2=[[Maxamed Xuseen Rooble]]}} '''Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|Somalia}}, [[Carabi|Af Carabi]] الصومال), sida rasmiga ah loo yaqaano '''Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|Federal Republic of Somalia}}) (waxaa hore loo oran jirey [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]] xiligii hore ee Hantiwadaaga), oo sii dhaxal ahaana loo yaqaano '''Soomaal''' waa [[Dowlad]] iyo wadan dhacda [[Geeska afrika|Geeska Afrika]] ama Foolalka [[Afrika]] ee kasii socda [[Marinka Gardafuul]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay maamul goboleedyo sida [[Puntland]], [[Jubaland]], [[Galmudug]], [[Hirshabeelle]], [[Koonfur Galbeed]]. Waxaa ka xiga bariga [[marinka Gardafuul]] iyo [[Seyshelles]], iyo [[Soqotra]] iyo [[badda Soomaal]], koofuurna [[Kenya]]. Waxaa ku nool dad [[Faanyahan]] ah, iyo dadka [[Dhul-hoos Bari Kushiitik]] ah. Waxaa dawlada Soomaaliya ka horeeyay boqortooyada [[Diiriye Guure]]. Juquraafi ahaan [[Kiinya]] Koofur galbeed, iyo [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] woqooyiga iyo [[Marinka Gardafuul]] bariga iyo [[Itoobiya]] galbeedka. Waxay leedahay xad badeedka ugu dheer qaaradda Afrika. Waxaa kala duwan qaabka dhulka kuwaas oo kala ah [[Buur|Buuro]], [[Dul]] iyo [[Bannaan]]. Cimiladeeda oo ah lama degaan kulul dhamaan sanadka iyada oo ay jiraan xoogaa dabaylo xilliyeed iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. [[File:ShenDuGiraffePainting.jpg|thumb|right|250px|]] [[File:Somalia scramble for africa period geledi hobyo huwan, Diiriye Guure kingdom.png|thumb|right|195px|]] [[File:Somshil5r.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] [[File:Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud-vf.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Soomaaliya xilliyadii hore waxay ahayd meelaha ugu muhiimsan [[Ganacsi|ganacsiga]] caalamiga ah ee ka dhexeeyay dawladihii hore ee caalamka. Xilli ay ahaayeen Badmareenada iyo ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed kuwo dhoofiya [[Luubaan]]ta iyo [[Malmal]]sha taasoo ka dhignayd kuwo u soo saari jiray [[Masar|Masartii hore]], Fiiniqiyiintii, Maysuuniyiintii iyo Baabil taasoo isku xiri jirtay dhammaan gaadiidka Awrta ama [[Geel]]a ganacsiga Soomaaliyeed waxay la wadaageen [[Soomaalida]] xiriir ganacsi.<ref>Phoenicia pg 199</ref><ref>The Aromatherapy Book by Jeanne Rose and John Hulburd pg 94</ref> Sida ay la tahay in badan oo taariikhyahano ah iyo kuwa dhiga taariikhda, waxay cadeeyeen Soomaaliya in ay tahay meesha lagu tilmaamay dhukii Buntiga ee hore taasoo la lahayd xiriir wanaagsan Faraaciintii [[Masar]] gaar ahaan xilligii [[Fircoon]] "saaxuurac" ee ka midka ahaa boqoradii [[Masar]] casrigii Dawladdii hore, iyo boqortooyadii "Xatshabsuut" ee ka mid aheeyd boqoradii qoyskii reer masar ee sideed iyo tobanaad casrigii dawladda cusub.<ref>Egypt: 3000 Years of Civilization Brought to Life By Christine El Mahdy</ref><ref>Ancient perspectives on Egypt By Roger Matthews, Cornelia Roemer, University College, London.</ref><ref>Africa's legacies of urbanization: unfolding saga of a continent By Stefan Goodwin</ref><ref>Civilizations: Culture, Ambition, and the Transformation of Nature By Felipe Armesto Fernandez</ref> Waxaa loo malaynayaa arrinkaas dhismeyaasha Ahraamta iyo Macbadyo iyo dhismeyaal ee lagu dhisay Garanayt iyo Shiil Cad taasoo loo malaynayo waqtigeeda isla xililligaas una dhigma kuwa la midka ah ee dhismeyaashii msar.<ref>Man, God and Civilization pg 216</ref> sidoo kale xilliyadii hore, waxaa tartamayay dawlado kuwaasoo isku dayay in ay xiriir la yeeshaan dadyoow deganaa dhuka Soomaaliyeed sida jasiiradda xaafuun raas casayr iyo Malaw iyo Mareeg iyo dariskooda Boqrtooyadii Saba iyo Arshek iyo Boqortooyadii Aksam ee ku salaysan ganacsi iyo qaybo ka mid ah boqoro ka jiray Hindiya iyo [[Giriig]]a iyo Roomaanka.<ref>Oman in history By Peter Vine Page 324</ref> Markii ay ka soo if baxday diinta islaamka meel ku beegan geeska AfricaSoomaaliya [[Baddacas|Badda cas]] waxay soo qaateen ganacsatada iyo badmareenada soomaaliyeed ee aadi jiray Jasiirad la mooda carbeed diinta Islaamka taasoo ka dhalatay macaamilka ay la lahaayeen [[carabta]] Muslimka ah. Hijrooyinkii ay sameeyeen dad saxaabada ka mid ah meelo badan oo dunida muslimka ah qarniyadii hore ee diinta islaamku faafaysay ayaa waxay sahashay in ay soomaalidu qaadato diinta islaamka si nabad ah macalimiin Soomaaliyeedna ayna barayeen dadka, waxaa ka dhismay dhulka Soomaaliyeed dawlado iyo magaalooyin islaami ah sida magaalooyinka [[Muqdisho]], [[Baraawe]], [[Mareeg]] iyo [[Marka]], taasoo ahayad qayb ka mid ah ilbaxnimadii Soomaalida. Waxaa loo yaqiin magaalada muqdisho ''"Magaaladii Islaamka"''<ref>Society, security, sovereignty and the state in Somalia – Page 116</ref> Waxaa la joogay ganacsiga [[Dahab|dahabka]] ee ku taal [[Bariga Afrika]] qarniyo badan.<ref>East Africa: Its Peoples and Resources – Page 18</ref> iyo [[Casriyadii dhexe]], Boqotooyooyin Soomaaliyeed baa la wareegay wadooyinkii ganacsiga sida [[saldanadii Ajuuraan]] taasoo xukumaysay dhulka intii u dhexaysay qarniyadii laba iyo tobanaad ilaa todoba iyo tobanaad ciise dabadii taasoo alliftay hindisaha cilmiga dareeraha dheqdheqaaqa iyo dhismeyaasha darbi difaaca,<ref>Shaping of Somali society Lee Cassanelli pg.92</ref> Sidoo kale [[saldanadii Cadal]] taasoo [[Imaam Axmed Guray]] waa ciidankii ugu horeeyay afrika ee adeegsada Madfac dagaalkii lagula jiray xabashida<ref>Futuh Al Habash Shibab ad Din</ref> intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1529]] ilaa [[1543]], sidoo kale qoyskii Goonroon taasoo xukumi jirtay magaalada Laamu ee xiriirka la lahayd saldanada cumaan ee iyana hoos imaan jirtay [[Cusmaaniyiinta]] kaasoo ka qaadi jiray Jizyo [[suldaan axmed yuusuf]], suldaankii afaraad ee Ajuuraan kaasoo xukumayay intii u dhexaysay [[1848]] ilaa [[1878]].<ref>Sudan Notes and Records – Page 147</ref> Qarnigii sagaal iyo tobanaad kadib [[kulankii Baarliin 1884]], boqortooyooyinka yurub waxay u soo direen cidmadooda Baragiga Afrika Si ay dhulkaas caalamka istiraatiijiga u ah u qabsadaan taasoo kaliftay in [[Diiriye Guure]], aasaasihii dawladdii daraawiishta in uu ciidamo soomaali ah ka soo usruusado geeska afrika oo dhan waxay ahayd inta taariikhda la ogyahay is hortaag kii ugu weynaa ee lagu sameeyo Isticmaarka.baraawe Waxaa u suurta gashay Soomaalida ugu horayn ka hortagga Soomaalida.<ref>Politics, language, and thought: the Somali experience – Page 135</ref><ref>Africa report pg 69</ref><ref>Essentials of geography and development: concepts and processes By Don R. Hoy, Leonard Berry pg 305</ref><ref>Encyclopedia of African history – Page 1406</ref> dawladii boqortooyada Diiriye Guure waxay iska caabiyeen [[Ingiriiska]] afar mar oo isxigta waxaana lagu qasbay in ay dib ugu gurato dhanka xeebaha. waxay jabtay boqortooyda [[Diiriye Guure]] [[1920]] kadib adeegsigii Ingiriiska uu adeegsaday diyaaradaha intii dagaalka lagu jiray duqaynta [[taleex]] caasimadda ciidankii [[Diiriye Guure]] iyo dhamaan dhulkii [[Diiriye Guure]] waxaa la wareegay ciidmadii gumaysiga Ingiriiska. Sidoo kale [[Talyaaniga]] wuxuu la kulmay iska caabin kaga imaanaysay salaadiin Soomaaliyeed mana uwada suurta galin in uu wada qabsado qaybo ka mid ah dalka ee hadda loo yaqaan Dawladda Soomaaliya marka laga reebo xilligii fajiistaha dabayaaqadii sanadkii [[1927]] waxayna haysteen ilaa [[1941]] kaasoo lagu bedelay xukunkii ciidmada ee Ingiriiska. Woqooyiga Soomaaliya wuxuu sii ahaaday mustacmarad Ingiriis ah halka koofurta Soomaaliya isku bedeshay dawlad madax bannaan laakiin ay la socoto wasaayad ilaa laga gaaro midayntii labada gobol [[1960]] kuma midoobeen magaca Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya. [[File:Somrepitu.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Soomaaliya waxay xubin ka noqotay [[Jaamacada Carabta]] sanadii [[1974]]. sidoo kale Soomaaliya waxay xiriir fiican la samaysatay dadlalk afrika, waxay ka mid ahayd dawladihii aasaasay [[Midowga Afrika]], waxay taageeri jirtay ANC ee [[Koonfur Afrika]] kana soo herjeeday nidaamkii ''Apartheid'' ee cunsuriga ahaa<ref>[http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/anctoday/2007/text/at01.txt ANC Today Volume 7, No. 1, 12-18 January 2007]</ref> waxay kaloo taageertay Soomaaliya dagaalyanada [[Eratareya]] intii ay ku jirtay Eretariyiinta dagaalkii looga soo horjeeday [[Itoobiya]].<ref>Superpower diplomacy in the Horn of Africa – Page 22</ref> Iyadoo ka mid ah Dawladaha Islaamiga hadana Soomaaliya waxay ahayd aasaasayaashii [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] sidoo kale waxay xubin ka ahayd [[Qaramada Midoobay]]. Soomaaliya iyadoo dhibaato kala kulantay [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]] iyo deganaasho la'an ku baahday gudaha, waxay ku guulaysatay abuurista Suuq xor ah kana sareeya inbadan ee nidaamayada dhaqaale ee Afrika kale sida ay sheegtay daraasad ay sameeysay qaramada midobay.<ref>[http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=25433&Cr=Somalia&Cr1= UN news center. Somalia economy stronger than others in Africa, UN-backed meeting says]</ref> ==Taariikh== {{Faahfaahin|Taariikhda Soomaaliya}} *Calanka Soomaalida *Calanka Itaalyaaniga *Calanka United Nations Trusteeship]] {{Taariikhda Soomaaliya}} === Casrigii wixii ka horeeyay taariikhda === Dadka waxay yimaadeen dhulka Soomaaliyeed Casrigii dhagxaanta, taasoo loo celinayo sawirada lagy hardhay darbiyada godoka woqooyiga Soomaaliya sanadihii 9000 CH. gododkaas waxaa ugu caansan "Laas Geel" oo ku taal meel u dhow [[Hargaysa]] taasoo lagu arkay darbiyada mid ka mid ah kuwii ugu horeeyay ee waxa darbiyada lagu sawiray ah qaaradda afrika. sidoo kale awaxaa la helay qoraallo ku hoos qoran sawirada ama darbiyada si guud laakiin Culimada Raadraaca uma suuta galin in ay aqoonsadaan sumadaha luqadaas ama qoraalladaas marka laga reebo.<ref>Susan M. Hassig, Zawiah Abdul Latif, ''Somalia'', (Marshall Cavendish: 2007), p.22</ref> Intii lagu jiray [[Casrigii dhagaxa]] waxaa soo baxay ilabaxnimo ka jirtay meela ku dhowdhow magaalada hargaysa. Sidoo kale waxaa la helay waxa ku tusaya meel qabuuro lagu sameeyay Janaaso ee geeska afrika taasoo laga helay Soomaaliya taasoo loo malaynayo taariikhdeeda afar kun sano CH. Sidoo kale waxaa qalab laga soo saaray meesha "Galiilow" ee taariikhiga ah woqooyiga Soomaaliya taasoo ah isku xiraha Bari iyo Galbeed intii lagu jiray qarniyadii ugu horeeyay ee dadka dhulka ugu soo horeeyay.<ref>Prehistoric Implements from Somaliland by H. W. Seton-Karr pg 183</ref> [[File:Mogadishustadium.jpg|thumb|195px|alt=cecafa International Stadium |cecafa international stadium]] == Qarniyadii hore iyo waagii Diiriye Guure == Baydka [[Gunbur|pyramidical]] dhismayaasha, [[ Mooshin|mausoleums]], magaalooyinkii baabba'ay, oo derbiyadeeda dhagax, sida [[Wargaade Wall|Wall Wargaade]], waa caddayn ilbaxnimada duug ah in hal mar soo halgamay ee Jasiiradda Soomaali.<ref name="Nthos">[https://books.google.com/?id=FlL2vE_qRQ8C Njoku Raphael Chijioke The History of Somalia ABC-CLIO, 29–31]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=RO4kS1IR71sC Dalal Roshen, The Illustrated Time History of the World, 2011, The Rosen Publishing Group, 131]</ref> Ilbaxnimadani waxay ku raaxaysatay xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd [[ Masar qadiimiga ah|Masar qadiimiga ah]] iyo [[ Mycenaean Griiga|Mycenaean Giriig]] ilaa qarnigii labaad ee sano ka hor, iyagoo taageeraya fikirka ah in Soomaaliya ama gobollada ku dhow ay ahaayeen meesha [[Dhul Udug|Dhulkii]] hore [[Dhulkii punt|ee Punt]]. <ref name="Nthos" /><ref>[https://books.google.com/?id=1E13DorsFMEC Abdel Monem A. H. Sayed|first=Zahi A. Hawass (ed.), Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty Century: Archaeology, 2003, American Univ in Cairo Press, P 432–433]</ref> Puntites waxay ka ganacsan jireen [[malmal]], udgoon, dahab, alwaax, lo'di gaaban, fool maroodi iyo [[Uunsi|frankincense oo ay]] la galeen Masriyiintii, Fenisiyiinta, Baabuloonkii, Hindiya, Shiinaha iyo Roomaaniya iyagoo adeegsanaya dekedohooda ganacsi. Safarkii Masaarida u diray [[Sideed iyo tobnaad Masar|Boqortooyada 18-aad ee]] Boqortooyada [[Hatshepsut]] ayaa lagu duubay macbudyada ku yaal [[Deir el-Bahari]], xilligii boqornimadii Boqorka Puntite Parahu iyo boqoradda Ati.<ref name="Nthos" /> Sanadkii 2015kii, falanqayn gaar ah oo ku saabsan tuugadii hore ee duullaanka Punt ee loo keenay Masar hadiyado ayaa muujinaya in muunadani ay u badan tahay inay ka soo jeedaan dhul ku yaal bariga Soomaaliya iyo dariiqa Eritrea iyo Ethiopia. The '''[[Dhulkii punt|Land of Punt]]''' ( [[Luqada Masaarida|Masri]] : ''pwnt'' ; [[Luqada Masaarida|akhrinta]] kale [[Luqada Masaarida|ee loo yaqaan ']] '''Egiptological''' [[Luqada Masaarida|akhrin']] '''Pwene''' ( '''t''' ) , ku dhawaaqida / pu: nt /) waxay ahayd boqortooyo qadiim ah. Lammaane uu ganacsi ee [[Masar]], waxaa lagu yaqaan soo saarka iyo dhoofinta [[Dahab|dahabka]], beduliyum Beeyada, blackwood, haabniim, foolka maroodiga iyo xayawaanka duurjoogta ah. Gobolka waxaa lagu yaqaanaa diiwaannada qadiimiga ah ee Masaarida ee socodsiinta ganacsiga.  Waa macquul inay u dhigantaa [[Opone]] [[Dhulbaxsinta Afrika|geeska Afrika]], oo markii dambe loo yaqaanay Gariiggii hore, halka qaar ka mid ah culimada Baybalka ay ku tilmaameen dhulka kitaabiga ah ee Put ama Havilah. Soomaliya qayb ka mid ah uu ahaa [[Soomaali magaalo-goboleedyada]] in ku hawlan shabakad ganacsi faa'iido badan xira [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] baayacmushtariyaasha la [[Phenicia|Foynike]], [[Boqortooyada Ptolemaic|Ptolemic Masar]], [[Giriiga|Greece]], [[Parthia|Parthian Faaris]], [[Reer Sabaay|Saba]], [[Nabataea]] iyo [[Boqortooyada Roomaanka]] . Badmaaxiinta Soomaaliyeed ayaa adeegsaday markabkii hore ee badda Soomaaliya ee loo yaqaan ' ''[[Beden|sariirta'<nowiki/>]]'' si ay xamuulkooda u qaadaan. <ref name="ReferenceA">Journal of African History pg.50 by John Donnelly Fage and Roland Anthony Oliver</ref> ''[[Beden|<nowiki/>]]'' <br /> ===Waagii Diiriye Guure iyo casrigii cusbaa boobkii afrika=== Ay sii hayo xilliga wasaayada Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya laakiin ay la socoto ilaalin caalami ah ee adag taasoo shuruud looga dhigay in Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya la siiyo xorriyad buuxda taban sano gudahood;<ref name = "Zolberg"/><ref name=Gates1999>Gates, Henry Louis, ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', (Oxford University Press: 1999), p.1749</ref> halka uu sii ahaanayo [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] maxmiyad Ingiriis ah ilaa laga gaaro [[1960]].<ref name=Tripodi1999>Tripodi, Paolo. ''The Colonial Legacy in Somalia'' p. 68 New York, 1999.</ref> Iyadoo ay jirtay haysashada Talyaaniga Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya kana haysata ogolaasho qaramada midoobay, laakiin xilligaas wasaayada waxay siisay soomaalida khibaradihii loo baahnaa iyo bisayl siyaasadeed iyo awood isxukun waana tusaale aya waayeen reer woqooyiga kuwaas oo markii dambe la midoobay koofurta. Iyadoo ay isku dayeen masuuliyiinta mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska bartamihii soddomeeyadii qarnigii tagay wax ka qabashada xaaladda horumarin la'aneed ee ka jirtay mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska ee Afrika, masuuliyiinta Ingriiska dhammaan isku dayadaas waxay ku dhamaatay fashil waxay sii ahaadeen mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska guud ahaan qaybta woqooyi ee Soomaaliya gaar ahaan kuwo isku mid ah marka laga hadlayo Siyaasadda Dhaqaalaha Bulshada taasoo noqon kartay mid saamayn jirta ku leh in badan oo caqabado ah taasoo soo if baxday markii la gaaray isku darka dalka oo hal maamul leh.<ref name=ChapinMetz>[http://countrystudies.us/somalia Helen Chapin Metz, ed. Somalia: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1992.]</ref> Waxaas oo dhan iyadoo ay dhaceen, Ingriisku wuxuu ku dhaqaaqay in uu culays ka soo saaro xulufadii kula jirtay dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka<ref name="Federal">Federal Research Division, ''Somalia: A Country Study'', (Kessinger Publishing, LLC: 2004), p.38</ref> in la siiyo meel gaar ah waa mid ka mid ah meelaha daaqsinka leh ee muhimka ah waxayna ahayd maxmiyad ay u saxiixday boqortooyada Ingiriiska lana saxiixatay Abasiiniya intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1884]] iyo [[1886]], ee gobolka [[Soomaali Galbeed]] oo ay degto Soomaalida Waxayna ka mid ahayd heshiisyo kale ay saxiixday Ingiriiska [[1897]] kaasoo dhigaya in lagu wareejiyo [[Itoobiya]] boqorkii Mililiq labaad taasoo oo uga badashay ciidamada Ingiriiska in laga caawiyo soo afjaridda iska caabinta kaga imaanaysa qabiillo Soomaaliyeed<ref name=Laitin1977>Laitin, David D., ''Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience'', (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), p.73</ref> billoowgii [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]]. Iyadoo ay jirtay in Ingiriisku ku daray shuruud ah in qabiilada reer guuraaga ah ee Soomaalida siiso isxukun laakiin Itoobiya isla markiiba waa ay qabsatay meelahaas،<ref name="Zolberg">Zolberg, Aristide R., et al., ''Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World'', (Oxford University Press: 1992), p.106</ref> Ingriiska wuxuu u soo bandhigay Itoobiya sanadii [[1956]] in uu ka iibsado dhulkii dhulkii uu horay ugu wareejiyay<ref name="Zolberg"/> laakiin dhandhiggaas waxaa lagala horyimid diidmo ah in aysan aqbali karin Itoobiya. Habkaas oo kale, Ingiriisku wuxuu ku wareejiyay <ref>Francis Vallat, ''First report on succession of states in respect of treaties: International Law Commission twenty-sixth session 6 May-26 July 1974'', (United Nations: 1974), p.20</ref> NFD {{En|Northern Frontier District}} taasoo ay degaan Soomaalida [[Kiinya]] waxayna dhegaha ka furaysatay aftidii horay looga qaaday gobolkaas taasoo cadaynaysay ku biirista Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya ee cusub.<ref>David D. Laitin, ''Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience'', (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), p.75</ref> Sanadii [[1958]], waxaa la sameeyay [[Jabuuti]] ee dariska ah, taasoo loo yaqiinay magaca ah Dhulka Faransiiska ee Soomaaliya waqtigaas, afti meesha ay aadayaan ah in ay Soomaaliya inteeda kale ku biiraan ama faransiiska uu sii hayo, natiijadiina waxay nqotay in uu faransiiska sii hayo uuna ilaaliyo. waxaana taa ugu wacnaa cafarta oo sidaa doonaysay, taasoo ah dadka ugu badan Jabuuti in ay sii hoos joogaan faransiiska waxaa sidaas oo kale dalbaday carabta iyo kuwii reer yurub ee deganaa dhulkaas ee la yimid isticmaarka. Laakiin inta kale ee asal ahaan soomaalida ah waxay rabeen midnimo soomaaliyeed si loo mideeyo dhulweynaha Soomaaliyeed ee lakala qaybiyay waxaana ugu cadcadaa "Maxamuud Xarbi" Raysulwasaare gudoomiye ku xigeenka golaga xukunka Soomaalida Faransa. waana Soomaali qabiilka Ciisaha, laakiin maxamuud xarbi waa la dilay aftida ka dib laba sano ka dibib burburkii diyaarad. Waxay [[Jabuuti]] ka qaadatay madax banaani [[Faransiiska]] sanadkii [[1977]] [[Xasan Guuleed Abtidoon]], wuxuu ahaa Soomaali ay taageeraysay Faransiiska, Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay ee jabuuti kaasoo xukumayay [[1977]] ilaa [[1991]].<ref name=Barrington2006>Barrington, Lowell, ''After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States'', (University of Michigan Press: 2006), p.115</ref> [[File:Mogadishu.png|thumb|right|195px|]] [[Juun|Juun]] sanadii [[1960]] waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhowaaqay [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] madax banaani ay siisay [[Boqortooyo|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] waxaa iyana shan maalmood ka dib qaatay madax banaanida [[Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya]],<ref>Encyclopaedia Britannica, ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica'', (Encyclopaedia Britannica: 2002), p.835</ref> isla maamintaas waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhowaaqay dhismaha dawlada Soomaaliyeed oo mid ah labada qaybood ee Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska waxaa taa ka horeeyay samaynta xuduudaha taasoo ay sameeyeen Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska. [[Cabdullaahi Ciise]] Maxamuud, Raysulwasaaraha Soomaaliya xilligii Ingiriisku haysatay ee u dhaxaysay [[1956]] iyo ilaa sanadkii [[1960]],<ref name="buluugleey.com">[http://www.buluugleey.com/warkiidanbe/Governance.htm The dawn of the Somali nation-state in 1960, Buluugleey.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htwin/articles/20060809.aspx The making of a Somalia state ;Strategypage.com 2006-08-09]</ref> Xukuumaddii ugu horaysay ee qaran soomaaliyeed (ku meel gaar), [[Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan|Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan (aadan cadde)]] madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay wuxuuna<ref>[http://www.mudulood.com/PageAadan%20Cabdulle%20Cusman.html Aden Abdullah Osman the founding father; Mudulood.com]</ref[http://www.mudulood.com/OpinionPage546.htm The founding father of Somalia Mudulood.com]</ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080223085204/http://www.markacadeey.com/june/aden_cadde_20070609_1.htm A tribute to the Somalia founding father, its president in 1960s; Markacadeey.com]</ref> C/rashiid Cali Sharmarke Raysulwasaare u doortay, kaasoo dib dambe noqday madaxweyne intii u dhaxaysay sanadii [[1967]] ilaa [[1969]]. [[Luuliyo|labaatankii luuliyo]] sanadii [[1961]] waxaa la qoray [[Dastuur]] Soomaaliyeed ee cusub kaasoo uu shacabka u codeeyay wuxuu ahaa nuqulkii ugu horeeyay ee dastuurka mid la qoray sanadii [[1960]].<ref>Greystone Press Staff, ''The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East'', (Greystone Press: 1967), p.338</ref> ===Dawladdii Hantiwaddaaga=== Waxaa sii socday dagaal beeleedyada iyo isfahan darrida u dhaxeyasa jufooyinka Soomaalida biloowgii midowga taasoo ka dhalatay raadidkii isticmaarka arrintaas oo jirtay xitaa intii uu jiray isticmaarka.<ref name="buluugleey.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=The making of Somalia, Somaliland, Somalilandtimes.net |url=http://www.somalilandtimes.net/2003/139/13904.shtml |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2019-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220232426/http://www.somalilandtimes.net/2003/139/13904.shtml |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928161509/http://www.radiobuuhoodle.com/goodgovernance.htm The beginning of the Somalia state Radiobuuhoodle.com 2009-02-25]</ref><ref>[http://media.maps.com/magellan/Images/SOMCLA-W2.gif Historical self-governing clan factors in present day Somalia]</ref> sandii [[1967]] wuxuu noqday Maxamed Xaaji IBraahin "Cigaal" Raysulwasaare waana xil uu u doortay C/rashiid Cali Sharmarke kaasoo Xilikas ahaa madaxweynaha dalka. Cigaal wuxuu dib ka noqday madaxweynaha [[Somaliland]] ee dhacda woqooyi galbeed Soomaaliya taasoo isku magacaawday dawlad madaxbanaan mana helin wax aqoonsi ah. Kadib dilkii Madaxweyne Cabdirashiid [[1969]] waxaa xukunka dalka la wareegay talis ciidan awoodii kula wareegay [[Inqilaab Ciidan]] saraakiisha kala ah [[Janaraal]] [[Salaad Gabayre Kadiye]] iyo [[Sarreeye Guuto]] [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre]] iyo taliyaha ciidanka booliska Jaamac Qoorsheel waxaa xukunka la wareegay Siyaad Barre halka uu noqday Qoorsheel raysulwasaare. Wuxuu sameeyay ciidanka Hantiwadaag barnaamijyo baahsan ee la howlgaliyay kooxo kuwaasoo u dhaqaaqay la dagaalanka wax qoris la'anta dalka waxaana si muuqada u kordhay wax qorista iyo aqrinta laba bilaabo 5% ilaa 55% bilowgii sideetameeyadii qarnigii tagay. Isqabqabsi dabadii waxaa la toogtay Gabayre. [[File:2016_04_Eid_Preparions-11_(27469932863).jpg|thumb|right|196px|]] [[Kalitalis]] Dawladdii Malatariga Soomaaliya luuliyo sanadii [[1976]] dhistay [[XHKS|Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed]] {{en|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}} kaasoo xukunka haystay laga soo bilaabo markii la sameeyay ilaa uu dhaco taliskii malatariga diseembar sanadii [[1990]] Jannaayo [[1991]], kaasoo ay awood u sheegteen ''Jabhadda Dimoqraadiga Badbaadinta Soomaaliyeed'' {{en|SSDF}} iyo ''Golaha Midnimada Soomaaliyeed'' {{en|United Somali Congress}} iyo ''Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaliyeed'' {{en|SNM}} Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaliyeed {{en|Somali Patriotic Movement}} marka lagu daro jabahadaha mucaaradka ah ''Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Dimoqraadiga Soomaliyeed'' {{en|Somali Democratic Movement}} iyo Isbahaysiga Dimoqraadiga Soomaaliyeed {{en|Somali Democratic Alliance}} ugu dambayn ''Kooxda Maanifesto'' {{en|Somali Manifesto Group}}. Sanadihii [[1977]] iyo [[1978]] Soomaaliya waxay duulaan ku qaaday [[Itoobiya]] iyadoo ku duulaysa magaca [[Dagaalkii xoraynta ogaden|Xoraynta Soomaaligalbeed]] taasoo ciidamada Soomaaliya ku dadaalayeen in ay dib u mideeyaan dhulalkii Soomaalida oo ay u arkaysay in isticmaarku qaybiyay siiyayana qaybo ka mid ah dalal kale si aan qax ahayn. Biloowgii hore, Soomaaliya waxay qaadatay dhabaha nabadda ah ee [[Diblumaasiyad]] dhamaan [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kiinya]] si loo helo xal nabad ah arrimaha la xiriira labada dhinac laakiin dadaalkii diblomaasiyadeed wuxuu ku dhamaaday fashil. Soomaaliya waxay samaysay islamarkaana u diyaar garoobaysa dagaal dhab ah iyadoo tijaabisay xal diblomaasiyadeed, dhisidda Jabhadda Xoraynta Soomaali Galbeed {{en|WSLF}} ama Western Somali Liberation Front, waxay ku dadaashay in ay u dhaqaaqdo soo celinta gobolka Soomaali galbeed si awood ah. Soomaaliya waxay u dhaqantay si gooni ah iyadoo aan ula laaban mujtamaca dunida ee aan ogolayn dib u xadaynta xuduudaha taasuu ka tagay isticmaarka, halka uu diiday [[Midowga Sofiyet]] iyo Isbahaysiga Waarso in ay Soomaaliya caawiyaan, iskaba daa in ay caawiyaane waxay ku dhaqaaqeen arrin lid ku ah taasoo ah in ay taageereen [[Itoobiya]]. Isla goortaas wuxuu isku dayay Midowgii Sofiyetiga kaasoo ah midka siiya labada dhinac hubka in uu dhexdhexaadiyo si loo helo xabad joojin u dhaxeysa labada dawladood. Ciidanka Soomaaliya waxaa u suurta gashay usbuucii ugu horeeyay ee dagaalka in ay isku fidiyaan bartamaha iyo koofurta gobolka, dagaalka intii uu socday ciidamada Soomaaliya waxay gaareen guulo waaweyn kana adkaadeen ciidmada Itoobiya wixii ciidamada Itoobiya ka haray waxay isku uruursadeed deegaanka Sidaamo. Sibteembar sanadii [[1977]] Soomaaliya waxaa u suuragashay qabsashada 90% ee gobolka waxaa kaloo u suurtoowday qabsashada magaalooyin istiraatiiji muhiim ah, sida magaalada Jigjiga sidoo kale wuxuu go'doomiyay magaalada Diridhabe Kaasoo hakiyay isu socodkii tariinada ka imaanayay [[Jabuuti]]. Kadib go'doomintii magaalada Harar wuxuu [[Midowga Sofiyet]] usoo jeestay taageero malatari taasoo la xiriirrta arrinta ka soo cusboonaatay geeska afrika, waxaa la diyaariyay 18,000 ciidamo ka imaanaya [[Kuuba|Kuubaan]] 2,000 iyo Yementa Koofureed iyadoo lagu daray 1,500 khubaro ka imanaysa Midowga Sofiyet haystana diyaarado iyo taangiyo Sofiyet ah. Hor istaagaas awoodaas ballaaran ciidanka Soomaaliya waxaa lagu qasbay dib u gurasho iyo in uu codsi u dirsado [[Maraykanka]]. Iyadoo uu nidaamkii [[Jimmy Carter]] isu diyaariyay garab siinta Soomaaliya dagaalka intii uu socday Sofiyetku si degdeg ah bay u caawiyeen Itoobiya waxaana laga baqay in uu sii xumaado xiriirka. sidaa daraadeed Maraykanka faraha ayuu ka qaaday in uu Soomaaliya caawiyo waxaa dibudhac ku yimid isbahaysigii uu ku lahaa maraykanku [[Bariga Dhexe]] iyo [[Asia]]. Biloowgii [[1978]], waxaa ku biloowday xukuumaddii Soomaaliya saamaynta luminta hanasho dhab ah arrimaha gobolka. Waxay sidoo kale muujiyeen inta badan shacabka Soomaaliyeed mid galay xaalad quus sababo la xiriira hoos imaanshaha ciidankii kali taliska waqti dheer iyadoo aan la gaaraynin wax horumar ah la taaban karo, waxaana arrinkaas xoojiyay dhamaadkii dagaalkii qaboobaa, waxay sidoo kale Itoobiya taageero siisay Jabhadihii ku kacsanaa Soomaaliya. [[File:Abdisalamomer1.png|thumb|right|195px|Abdi-Salam]] Sanadii [[1990]] waxaa la soo saaray sharci ka mamnuucaya gaar ahaan dadka degan [[Muqdisho]] in ay kulmaan saddex ama afar in kabadan. Waxaa dhammaan hareeyay hay'adaha dawladda shidaal yari sababtay joogsiga gaadiidka dadweynaha taasoo saamayn ku yeelatay danaha xukuumadda iyo qaybaha guud iyo kan gaarka ah. Waxaa ssidoo kale dhacday dhibaato la xiriirta [[Sicir Barar]] taasoo ay dhib ku qabeen gobolada kororka sicir bararka muuqda iyadoo ay shacabku awoodi waayeen helitaanka quutul daruuriga heer ay gaartay Baastadii talyaaniga ee caadiga ahayd xilligaas ilaa iyo Shan [[Dollar|Doollar]] kiiladii. halka uu gaaray qaadka [[Qaad|Jaadka]] kaasoo laga keeno [[Kiinya]] shan doollar Majintii. Waxaa qiime jab ku yimid shilinka Soomaaliga ilaa la gaaro heer shilimaadkii lagu daadiyo wadooyinka si ay kuwa haysta iskaga tuuraan halkii ay haysan lahaayeen taasoo u muuqatay in uusan lahayn wax faaiida ah ee la xusi karo. Waxaa sidoo kale soo if baxay [[Suuqa Madoow]] ee sarifka lacagaha qalaad taasoo ka dhalatay in aysan jirin socodsiinta lacagaha ee ku filan sarifka lacagaha qalaad taasoo ay bebersoto [[Shilin Soomaali|Shilinka Soomaaliga]]. Mugdigana wuxuu noqday mid ku baahay magaalada oo dhan marka la gaaro habeenkii taasina waxay ka timid dawladda oo iibisay dab dhaliyeyaashii korontada. Waxaa ajaanibta la dul dhigay waardiye adadag ilaa maa xilligii ay joogeen. Sidoo kale dawladda waxay soo saartay go'aano lagu hagaajinayo joojinta dal ka saarista, ama tahriibinta lacagaha ajnabiga ah. lama ogolayn adeegsiga lacagaha qalaad hab ka baxsan sharciga sida uu qabo marka laga reebo saddex hoteel oo ay maamusho dawladda. Waxaa sidoo kale mamnuuc aha sawir qaadis meelo badan iyadoo aysan muuqan wax cadayn kara in aan sawiro la qaadi karin ee ku saabsan safar iyo joogitaanka. Wixii ka dhacay Soomaaliya [[1988]] malaha waa ka sii foolxun. Markii Hargeysa la duqeeyay ayaa dadkii deganaa lagu khasbay inay qaxaan. Askarta ayaa markaas miinooyin ku aasay guryihii laga tagay. Markii uu dagaalku dhammaaday ayay qaxootigii dib u laabteen, balse waxaa lagu naafeeyay ama lagu dilay qaraxyo qarsoon.<ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20000508/Land-Mines-Weighing-the-Cost/ Land Mines—Weighing the Cost]</ref> ===Xasuuqii Isaaq ama Xasuuqii Somaliland=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Xasuuqi Isaaq|XasuuqiI Isaaq]]'' Awooddii akhlaaqeed ee dowladdii Maxamad Siyaad (jaale siyaad) si tartiib tartiib ah ayay u lumisay, iyadoo Soomaali badan ay ku hungoobeen nolosha xukunka militariga. Bartamihii 1980-meeyadii, dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo uu taageerayay maamulkii shuuciga ahaa ee Derg ee Itoobiya ayaa ka billowday waddanka oo dhan.jaale siyaad wuxuu kujawaabey isagoo amrey in talaabooyin ciqaab ah laga qaado kuwa uu u arko inay gudaha ka taageerayaan jabhadaha, gaar ahaan gobolada waqooyi. Qabqabashada waxaa ka mid ahaa in la duqeeyo magaalooyin, xarunta maamulka waqooyi-galbeed ee Hargeysa, oo ahayd xaruntii Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM), oo ka mid ahayd aagagga la bartilmaameedsaday 1988. Duqeyntan waxaa hoggaaminayey Jeneraal Maxamed Saciid Xersi Morgan, wiilka uu sodogga u yahay Barre. Sida laga soo xigtay Abou Jeng iyo aqoonyahanno kale, xukunkii taliskii jaale siyaad waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay cadaadis arxan darro ah oo lala beegsaday qabiilka Isaaq. Max’ed Xaaji Ingiriis iyo Chris Mullin waxay caddeeyeen in qabqabashadii maamulkii Maxamad siyaad ee ka dhanka ahaa Dhaqdhaqaaqii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee fadhigiisu ahaa Hargeysa lala beegsaday beelweynta Isaaq oo ay ka tirsan yihiin inta badan xubnihii SNM. Waxay ku tilmaamayaan isku haynta inay tahay xasuuqii Isaaq ama xasuuqii Hargeysa. Baaritaan ay sameysay Qaramada Midoobay ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay in dambiga xasuuqa uu ahaa "mid ay maleegtay, qorsheysay oo ay ka fulisay Dowlada Soomaaliya dadka Isaaqa". Tirada dadka rayidka ah ee ku waxyeeloobay waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inta udhaxeysa 50,000–100,000 sida laga soo xigtay ilo wareedyo kala duwan, halka wararka qaarna ay ku qiyaasayaan wadarta dhimashada dadka rayidka ah inay kor u dhaafeyso 200,000 oo rayid Isaaq ah. Dhimashooyinkaas, taliskii Barre wuxuu duqeeyey oo burburiyey magaalooyinka labaad iyo saddexaad ee ugu weyn Soomaaliya, Hargeysa iyo Burco siday u kala horreeyaan. Tani waxay u barakicisay dad lagu qiyaasey 400,000 oo dadka deegaanka ah oo u qaxay Hartasheikh ee dalka Itoobiya; shaqsiyaad kale oo gaaraya 400,000 ayaa iyaguna gudaha ku barakacay. Dagaalkii ka soo horjeedka ee taliskii Barre ee ka dhanka ahaa SNM wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday saldhigii rayidka ee kooxda mucaaradka, isaga oo isu beddelay xasuuq xasuuq ka dhan ah beesha Isaaq. Tani waxay horseeday fowdo iyo ololeyaal dagaal oo ay gaystaan ​​maleeshiyooyin kala jabay, ka dibna awooddii heer degmo la wareeray. Cadaadiskii maamulkii Barre kuma koobnayn Isaaqa oo keliya, maxaa yeelay wuxuu bartilmaameedsanayay qabaa’illada kale sida Hawiye. Taliskii Barre wuxuu burburay Janaayo 1991. Intaa kadib, markii xaalada siyaasadeed ee Somaliland xasiloonayd, dadkii barakacay waxay ku noqdeen guryahoodii, maleeshiyooyinkii waa laga daad gureeyay ama waxaa lagu daray ciidanka, tobanaan kun oo guri iyo meherado ahna dib ayaa looga soo dhisay burburka. ==Ismaaciil Mire== Ismaaciil Mire, oo abaanduulkii guud ka ahaa dawladda boqortooyada [[Diiriye Guure]], wuxuu ka qaybgalay dagaalaha oo dhan ee Daraawiishta ka qayb galay. Wuxuu u talin jirey colkii [[Shiikhyaale]]. Goobaha uu ka qayb galay waxaa ka mid ah, cagaarweyne, iyo dagaalkii Jigjiga, iyo dagaalki Beledweyne, iyo dagaalkii Berbera, iyo dagaalkii Dul Madobe, iyo dagaalkii Jidbaale, iyo dagaalkii Afbakayle iyo meelo kale. Wuxuu kale ka horjeestay dagaalaha ee shirqool ka jiri jirey, oo ka mid ah Canjeel, Gurdumi iyo qaar kale. 1920kii, Ismaaciil Mire waxaa lagu xidhay xabsi. ===Darwiishia iyo Qusuusi=== Qarnigii 19ka ilaa tobanaadka 1920gii, Dalka Soomaalka waxaa hoogaaminjirey dawladda Daraawiishta, oo si kale loo yaqaano Darwiishia. Darwiishia dawladeeda waxaa loo yaqaan jirey qusuusi ama khusuusi, ee waxaa ka mid ahaa shakhsiyaddan: {{columns-list|colwidth=35em| * [[Ismail Mire]] * [[Macalin Cagadhiig]] *[[Shire Canbool]], oo Dhulbahante ahaa *[[Cartan Boos]] oo Jamac Siyad ahaa *[[Afqarshe]], oo Adan-Naleeye ahaa *[[Dhowre]], oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Obsiiye Magan]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Aw Jaamac Seed Magan]] oo Cali-Geri aaha * [[Oogle Magan]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Muse Waranle]] oo Reer-Hagar ahaa *[[Haji Firhad]], fiqishini HabarGidir *[[Haji Sudi]], Isaaq Aadan Madoobe * [[Seeraar Shawe]] oo Jamac Siyaad ahaa * [[Nur Xiddig]] oo Wacays Adan ahaa * [[Xirsi Jeedlade]] oo Qayaad ahaa * [[Haji Mursal Aw Saacid]] oo Dhulbahante ahaa * [[Duale Ileeye]] oo Jamac Siyaad ahaa * [[Cismaan Boos]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Jama Lugay]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Aw Cabbas]] oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Abbas Aw Muse]], oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Hussein Ajuuraan]], oo Dhulbahante ahaa (oo loo naanaystay Agararan)<ref>http://www.kaiserscross.com/188001/536101.html</ref> * [[Ahmed Tage]], oo baharsame ahaa * [[Abshir Dhoore]], majeerteen ahaa * [[Nur Hashi]] warsangeli ahaa *[[Ismail Khaire]], warsangeli ahaa *[[Xooshdheere]], ali geri ahaa *[[Farah Dacay]], baharsame ahaa * [[Hirsi Akaal]], marehan ahaa }} [[File:Somlangbooks.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Bugaag Somali Lugad]] ===Burburka Dawladdii Hantiwaddaaga=== Waxaa dhacay sanadkii [[1991]] isbedel xididaystay nolosha siyaasadeed ee Soomaaliya. taasoo u suurta gashay ciidamo ka kooban beelaha dega waqooyiga iyo koofurta hubaysan oo taageera ka helaya [[Itoobiya]] in ay ridaan dawladdii Siad Barre Max'ed Siyaad Barre. Kulanno farabadan ee dhexmaray Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed [[SNM]] iyo odayaasha beelaha ree woqooyiga, waxa ku dhawaaqeen qaybta woqooyi ee Soomaaliya ([[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] horay loo oranjiray) in ay goosteen goosasho hal dhinac ah Soomaaliya inteeda kale iskuna magacaabay [[Somaliland|Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland]] ([[Ingiriis]]: ''Republic of Somaliland'') May 1991. Ka sokoow go'itaanka ay Somaliland goosatay iyo deganaashaha ay haysato markii loo eego koofurta way waysay aqoonsi heer caalami ah xitaa haba ahaatee Itoobiya.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1367554.stm Somaliland citizens ask to be recognised as a state, BBC News]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1361394.stm Somaliland votes for independence, BBC News]</ref> [[File:2012_01_12_MGD_Stadiums_a_(8394617014).jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Jannaayo sanadkii [[1991]] Waxaa doortay "Cali Mahdi Max'ed" koox soomaali ah una doorteen in uu noqdo madaxweyne ku meel gaar ah ee dalka ilaa laga gaaro shir qarameed kulmiyay dhammaan qaybaha ku lugta leh ee bishii xigtay Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti si dalka madaxweyne loo doorto. Laakiin doorashadii "Cali Mahdi Maxamed" waxaa si weyn uga horyimid biloowgii hore dhamaan Jen [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] gudoomiyihii ururka USC iyo C/raxman Tuur hogaamiyihii SNM. مtaasoo dhalisay kala qaybsanaan xagga siyaasadda ah ee u dhaxaysay USC iyo SNM, isku dhacyadii u dhexeeyay USC waxay burbur xoogleh gaarsiisay magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo meelaha ku dhow dhow. [[File:Elecmalpun.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Dagaalkii sokeeye wuxuu sabay, kaasoo wali raadkiisu muuqdo, burbur ku yimaada wax soosaarka beeraha iyo gaarsiinta cuno koofurta Soomaaliya waana sabata ugu weyn ee ka dhalisaya dagaalka dalka taasoo meelaha xasaasiga ay tartan ugu jiraan beelaha waxaa kaloo dheeraad ah qabsashada iyo meelaha leh ilaha dhaqaale iyo daaqa. Jemes Bayshb oo ahaa safiirkii ugu dambeeyay ee Soomaaliya wuxuu ku tilmaamay xaaladdii ka taagnayd iyo dagaaladii sokeeye halkaas mid ah "biyo ku dagaalan iyo meelaha daaqsinka sidoo kale xoolaha waxaa horay la isu adeegsan jiran [[Falaar|falaaro]] iyo [[Sayf|Sayfaf]] hadda waxaa la isu adeegsadaa [[Qoro|Boobe]]."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090309030719/http://hprsite.squarespace.com/remember-somalia-112007 |It is a competition that used to be fought out with arrows and sabers. Now it is fought out with AK-47s Hprsite.squarespace.com 2007-11-16]</ref> Wuxuu sababay dagaalkii sokeeye in ay dhacdo [[Gaajo]] taasoo salfatay ku dhowaad 300,000 Soomaali taasoo ku qasabtay [[Golaha Amniga Qaramada Midoobay]] in uu soo saaro qaraar kaasoo tilmaamaya xabad joojin sanadkii [[1992]] iyo dirista ciidamo ammaanka ilaaliya ee heer caalami ah waxaa soomaaliya ku soo hormaray (UNOSOM I) badbaadinta xaaladda biniaadamnimo ee dalka.<ref>[http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_20244.asp United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) 1992]. Australian War Memorial.</ref> Waxay ahayd adeegsiga awood ciidan marka loo eego ciidmada ammaanka mid ku kooban isdifaacid naftooda ah taasoo fursad siisay beelaha dirirsanaa in ay sika sii wataan dagaaladoodii hubaysnaa. Ka jawaabidda colaada sii baahaysa iyo burburka xaaladda Biniadamnimo ee ka jirtay Soomaaliya [[Maraykanka]] wuxuu diyaariyay xulufo ciidan ah oo heer caalami ah taasoo ahayd ujeedadeeda nabad ku soo dabaalidda kooforta Soomaaliya iyo xal u helidda xaaladda bini'adamnimo ee halkaas iyo fududaynta gaarista gargaarka biniadamnimo ee qaramada midoobay iyo dalalka deeqda bixiya. Waxay galeen xoogagga xulufada taasoo loo yaqiinay magaca {{En|Unified Task Force ama UNITAF}} diseembar dhexdeedii sanadii [[1992]] ee howlgalkii "Rajo soo celinta" sida uu qabay qaraarkii qaramada midoobay ee tirsigiisu ahaa 794. Waxaa u suurta galay ciidmadii caalamka ka yimid in ay dib u soo celiyaan nidaamkii iyo yaraynya baahidii taasoo dhib u keentay dalka ilaa ay ka baxaan ciidmada maraykanka maajo sanadkii [[1993]] waxaa lagu bedelay (UNOSOM II) ee [[Maajo|Afartii Maajo]] sida uu qabay qaraarkii ka soo baxay qaramada midoobay ee tirsigiisu ahaa 837 ee soo baxay [[Maarso|26 Marso]] isla sanadkaas. Dhanka kale wuxuu u arkay [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] ciidanka nabad ilaalinda ee caalamka in uu qatar ku yahay asiga iyo ciidankiisa wuxuuna siiyay amar maleeshiyo hubaysan in la weeraro saldhigyada ciidamada Pakistan ee ka howlgala Muqdisho taasoo ay ka dhalatay dhimashada 80 qof jinsiyada kala duwan ah ee ka tirsan ciidamada nabad ilaalinta, wuuna socday dagaalka ay ka dhintaan 19 ciidan maraykan ah iyo laba kale oo Pakistan ah iyo mid kale ee Maaliisiya u dhashay oo dhammaantood ah ciidamada nabad ilaalinta sidoo kale waxaa jirtay 1,000 qof ee ka mid ah maleeshiyada Soomaalida hubaysnaa intii u dhaxaysay saddexdii iyo afratii ee bishoo Oktoobar [[1993]] kaasoo taariikhdu ugu magac dartay dagaalkii "Dagaalkii Muqdisho" taasoo ku qasabtay qaramada midoobay howlgal "Gaashaan mida" ciidan ka kooban Maraykanka Masar Pakistan [[Maarso|saddexdii maarso]] sanadkii [[1995]], dabadeed Robert ogle ayaa ku dhawaaqay in aan dagaal toos ah lala gali doonin [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] laakiin la baal siibi doono taasoo macnaheedu ahaa in laga horkeeno saaxiibadii ilaaa uu markii dambe lagu dilay dagaal ay iskaga horyimideen qaar ay xulufo ahaayeen [[1996]] Waxay diiradda saareen [[Burcad Badeed|burcad badeeda soomaalida]] xeebaha Soomaaliya taasoo ka dhalatay burburka iyo maqnaashaha dawlad dhexe Kadib dagaalkii sokeeye,<ref>Biegon, Rubrick. Somali Piracy and the International Response 2009-01-29 Foreign Policy in Focus [http://www.fpif.org/articles/somali_piracy_and_the_international_response] retrieved 2010-02-08</ref> Dhibaatadaan waxay ka soo if baxday dekadaha ku yaal xeebaha Soomaaliya.<ref>Piracy Off Coast Not Only Criminal, But Very Successful, Security Council Hears, AllAfrica.com, retrieved February 8, 2010 [http://allafrica.com/stories/200911191008.html]</ref> Waxayna ka dhalatay ka dhiidhin ay ka dhiidhiyeen kalluumaysatada soomaaliyeed ee ka kalluumaysta xeebaha sida: Ayl, [[Kismaayo]], Xarardheere, Mareeg iyagoo weerar ku qaaday maraakiibta ajnabiga ah ee ka kalluumaysata badda soomaaliya khayraadka kalluunka ee biyo goboleedka markii uu burburay taliskii dhexe ee Soomaaliya,<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Tharoor, Ishaan. How Somalia’s fishermen became pirates. 2009-04-18 |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1892376,00.html |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2013-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826205905/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1892376,00.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/3061246/part_2/what-i-learned-from-the-somali-pirates.thtml Hartley, Aiden. What I learned from Somali pirates 2008]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Taasoo ay waayeen kalluumaysato badan waxa ay heli jireen. Sidoo kale, waxay tilmaameen qayb ka mid ah masuuliyiinta soomaalida howlaha burcad badeedka waxaa sii kiciyay [[Dhulgariir|Dhul Gariirkii Badweynata Hindiya]] taariikhdu marka ay ahayd 26 [[Diseembar]] ee sanadkii [[2004]], kaasoo sababay mowjadi [[Tsunami]] weyn burburisay in badan oo tuulooyinka ku yaal xeebaha iyo doomankoodii.<ref>Lehr, Peter and Lehmann, Henrick, Violence at Sea: Piracy in the Age of Global Terrorism, p. 3</ref> Qaar ka mid ah waxay leeyihiin howlaha burcad badeednimada Soomaaliya waa "howlo dhaqaale ee la maalgashado" ee dalka, waana "mid kaabta" dhaqaalaha [[Puntland]].<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/apr/10/piracy-somalia Lehr, Peter. Warships won't stop pirates. The Guardian 2009-04-10]</ref><ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2009/06/2009614125245860630.html Adow, Mohammed. The pirate kings of Puntland. Aljazeera. 2009-06-17, retrieved 2010-02-08]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7623329.stm Harper, Mary. Life in Somalia's pirate town BBC News 2008-09-18]</ref> Waxaa la rumaysanyahay in la soo iibsaday qiyaastii 25,000 50,000, [[Adoon]] ee Baantuu ah, [[Musanbiig]] iyo [[Tansaaniya]], intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1800]] ilaa [[1890]], dad soomaali ah suuqii [[Sansibaar]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111016024128/http://www.cal.org/co/bantu/somali_bantu.pdf The Somali Bantu: Their History and Culture 2018-12-05]</ref> Bantuuga soomalida waa ka duwantahay, jir ahaan, dhaqan ahaan, way iska joogeen iyakoo kala daadsan dalka ilaa la soo gaaro qarnigii sagaal iyo tobanaad ilaa iyo hadda.<ref>L. Randol Barker et al., ''Principles of Ambulatory Medicine'', 7 edition, (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 2006), p.633</ref> waxaa la rumaysanyahay in tirada Baantuuga Soomaaliya uu gaarayso 900,000 qof ka hor dagaalkii sokeeye,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3020110.stm Tanzania accepts Somali Bantus]". BBC News. June 25, 2004.</ref> waxaa laga yaabaa in ay isdhimeen, gaar ahaan maxaa yeelay 12,000 qaxooti ee ku sugan [[Maraykanka]] laga soo bilaabo [[2003]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090519140201/http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2003/February/20030205164125sellis@pd.state.gov0.5013697.html Somali-Bantu Refugees to Find New Lives in United States] America.gov. 02/05/2003.</ref> sidoo kale tanzaaniya oo siisay dhalasho qaar ka mid ah waxay ku laabteen dhulkii awoowe yaashood.<ref>[http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/UNHCR/8ad8ca67e1bba9703647c92f12b7db6d.htm Somali Bantus gain Tanzanian citizenship in their ancestral land]</ref> [[File:Mogadishu_city_centre_-_1960s.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Moqadishu 1960s]] Bartamihii sanadkii [[2011]] waxaa la waayay laba xilli raabaad ee isku xigay taasoo sababtay in ay dhacdo [[Abaar]] muddo 60 sano laga joogo. Waxaa isi soo tartay abaarta waxana ka dhashay in la waayo wax dalag ah xoolihii oo le'day sicir barar ku yimid biyaha shidaalka iyo cunada, waxay sabatay barakac wadareed ee koofur Soomaaliya taasoo keentay iska hor imaadyada hubaysan, xarumaha quudinta ee dawladaha dariska. bishii Juun ee snadkii 2011, Waxay ku dhawaaqday [[Qaramada Midoobay]] si rasmi ah in ay gaajo daran ka jirto koofurta Soomaaliya, wayna sii korortay ka dib markii ay hayireen kooxaha dagaalka waday si loo gaarsiiyo gargaar dadka halkaa ku tabaalaysan.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111102172007/http://www.africa-eu-partnership.org/node/2158 The worst drought in 60 years in Horn Africa, Africa and Europe in Partnership]</ref> dhanka kale, dawladda soomaaliya waxay dhistay hay'ad qaran ee gargaar, taasoo ka kooban wasiiro badan ku howlan fududayn saamaynta abaarta ay ku reebtay dadk,<ref>[http://www.raxanreeb.com/?p=102255 SOMALIA: Government names national drought committee] {{Wayback|url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/?p=102255 |date=20111109180731 }}. Raxanreeb.com (2011-07-04). Retrieved on 2011-12-15.</ref> == '''Un Tiroka''' - 706 == ==IMF % == '''0.03%''' ==Xubin== {{columns-list|colwidth=20em| * [[IGAD]] * [[IORA]] * [[ICSID]] * [[Comesa]] * [[CEN-SAD]] * [[Midowga Afrika]] * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] }} ==Waadanmaha degaan Somalis Peninsula== * {{Flag|Sudan}} 6,000+ * {{Flag|Syria}} 6,500+ * {{Flag|Yemen}} 14,000+ * {{Flag|Norway}} 200+ * {{Flag|Finland}} 200+ * {{Flag|United Kingdom}} 250+ == Siyaasadda == {{Dheeraad|Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} [[File:Prime minister mahdi gulaidh khadar.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Mahdi Gulaid]] Siyaasadda soomaaliya waxay soo martay isbedbedel badan. Intii uu socday [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|Dagaalkii sokeeye]] kaaso dhaliyay burbur farabadan dawladdii Hantiwadaag kadib 1990, [[Soomaalida]] waxaa loo sameeyay [[Dastuur]], [[Federaaliisim|Federaal]] ah iyo Maamul Goboleed kuwaas oo ku yimid qaabab kala duwan, waxaa samaysamay [[Somaliland]] taasoo sheegatay in ay tahay [[Dowlad madax banaan|dawlad madax banaan]] kana go'day Soomaaliya inteeda kale, shacabka Soomaaliyeed raalli kama noqon goosashada Gobolada [[Woqooyi]] ee Soomaaliya 1991. Waxaa sidoo kala samaysmay [[Puntland]] 1998 taasoo ay sameysteen beelaha dega Bari, Bugaal iyo woqooyiga Mudug, waxaa sidoo kale la sameeyay [[Galmudug]] 2010. Horraantii 2000 waxaa la soo dhisay dawlad ku meel gaar ah waxaana madaxweyne ka noqday. Dott [[Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xassan]] (TNG) waxaa ku xigtay dawladii Federaalka ku meelgaarka ahayd ee loo yaqiin (TFG) [[2004]] waxaana madaxweyne ka noqday [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]] taasoo dalka galisay burbur horle waxayna soo galisay dalka ciidamada [[Itoobiya]], [[Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga]] ayaa gobollada koonfurta iyo bartamaha Soomaaliya isku fidiyay taasoo ka caraysiisay [[Itoobiya]] una aragtay fusad ay kula dagaalami karto ficilada ay sameeyeen. Markii meesha laga saaray Maxaakiimta ayaa waxaa soo baxay kooxo la magacbaxay Muqaawamo kana aas aasamay magaalada [[Muqdisho]] intii ay socotay muqaawamada waxaa barbar socday wadahadal UN-ka loo maray kaasoo uu garwadeen ka ahaa Axmed Walad Cabadlla keentayna in laga saaro Itoobiya dalka Soomaaliya bartamihii sanadkii [[2009]]. Waxaa maxaakiimta ka farcamay kooxda [[Al-Shabaab]] taasoo dalka dhibaatadii ka jirtay sii murjisay, taasoo dagaal la gashay dawlad lagu soo dhisay dalka [[Jabuuti]] Madaxweyne ka ahaa [[Sheekh Shariif Axmed]] 2010-2011 dagaal ba'an ku dhexmaray magaalada muqdisho iyo nawaaxigeeda, Madaxweyne Shariif xoogaa rajo ah ayay soo celisay Dawladdiisii loogu magacdaray Midnimo Qaran dawladdaas oo muqdisho ka fogaysay qatartii Al-shabaab iyadoo gacan ka helaysa [[Amisom|AMISOM]] wuxuu diyaariyay doorasho aad loogu riyaaqay,<ref>[http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2013/01/16/260703.html الرئيس الصومالي السابق: من كرسي الرئاسة إلى الدراسة Al-arabiya, 16 Jan 2013]</ref> kaasoo xilka si nabad ah ugu wareejiyay madaxweyne [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]. Waxaana taa xigay dawladdii uu madaxweynaha ka ahaa [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] taasoo ku guulaysatay isu soo dhoweyn Soomaalida dhexdeeda ah iyo dastuurka oo loo hogaansamo. ==Qaanuunka== Soomaaliya waxaa ka jira saddex nidaam qaanuun oo kala gadisan, waa: Qaanuunka madaniga, [[Shareecada Islaamka]] iyo xoogaa qawaaniin ah oo ay leeyihiin beelaha waana dhaqan soo jireen ah waxaana loo yaqaan Xeer. ===Qaanuunka madaniga=== Iyadoo uu ku dhacay burbur balaaran kaasoo hareeyay nidaamka cadaaladda Soomaaliya ka dib burburkii dawladdii Hantiwadaag laakiin waxaa la isku dayay dib u habaynta iyo dhisidda nidaamka garsoorka Soomaaliya iyo howlgalintiisa dhanka maamul goboleedyada Soomaaliya sida [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Puntland]] kuwaas oo leh xukun hoosaad, laakiin dawladda dhexe waxay diyaarisay bu'da nidaamka garsoorka cusub. Iyadoo ay jirto kala duwanaasho siyaasadeed dhamaan meelahaas hadana waxay ku midaysanyihiin dhamaantood hal qaanuun kaasoo ah mid soo jiray ilaa iyo dawladdii Hantiwadaag isagoo qiraya:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120118151830/http://www.hdcentre.org/files/Somalia%20report.pdf Stateless Justice in Somalia, Dr Andre Le Sage, Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue]</ref> * Jirtaanka dastuur dabooli kara xukuno ku salaysan [[Shareecada Islaamka]] ama fiqiga iyo waxii ay culumada muslimiidta isku waafaqeen sidaa daraadeed xukunada ku salaysan diinta laguma dhaqmo marka laga reebo arrimaha madaniga sida Guurk,a Furriinka, Dhaxalka iyo arrimaha madaniga ah ee kale. * Dhowrista xuquuqul insaanka iyo dhammaan qaanuunada la xiriira. Sidoo kale dastuurka wuxuu damaanad qaadayaa madax bannaanida garsoorka waxaana ka masuul ah Guddiga Adeegga Garsoorka. * Dhismaha adeeg Garsoor oo ka kooban saddex qaybood waana: Maxkamadda Sare, Maxkamadda Racfaanka, iyo Maxkamadaha Gobolada. * In ay shaqeeyaan qawaaniintii la sameeyay ka hor Hantiwadaaga 1969. *qaanuunka madaniga ah wa mid soo jireen aha oo mudo dheer soo socday oo ilaa imka jira dhamaan dadka somlaiyeedna ayku dhaqmaan *somaalia waa waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa libaax waayay garab oo waraabayaal badani haleen *waxaa somalia ay iska difaaci kartaa cadawgeega marka ay usoo Hantiwadaag dad wax bartay oo aqoon sare leh oo laga ilaaliyo ubaxa soo kacaaya qabyaalada ===Shareecada=== [[File:Sa white sesame seeds.jpg|thumb|right|193px|Beeraha Somalia]] [[Shareecada Islaamka]] waxay ka gashay kaalin lama huraan ah nolosha mujtamaca Soomaaliyeed, waxayba ahayd shareecada tiirka aasaaska ah ee laga tusaale qaato qawaaniinta marka la qorayo dastuur ee ka mid ah dastuurodii hore kuwaas oo la sameeyay intii ay jirtay nolosha ku salaysan siyaasadda,<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic, Article 8, p.6 |url=http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2010-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215171406/http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> sidaa daraadeed howl kasta waxay ku salaysnayd shareecada gaar ahaan howlaha madaniga ah sida guurka, furriinka, dhaxalka iyo waxyaabaha la xiriira qoyska; laakiin arrimahaas waxbaa iska bedelay dagaalkii sokeeye dabadii iyadoo ay soo baxeen maxkamado shareecada islaamka taasoo ku faaftay magaalooyin farabadan iyo deegaano ka mid ah Soomaaliya. Waxay noqotay kaalinta maxaakimta islaamiga taasoo aan horay looga baran: * Soo rogista xukunno arrimo kala gadisan; Madani iyo Ciqaab. * Abaabulka maleeshiyo iyo ciidamo u xilsaaran qabashada dambiilayaasha iyo joojinta waxyaabaha qaanuunka ka baxsan. * Haynta maxaabiista ilaa uu xukun kaga dhaco inta laga xukumayo. Samaysanka maxaakimta shareecada kuwaas oo muuqda wax fudud laakiin sida dhabta ah waxay ka samaysanyihiin nidaam maamul kana kooban gudoomiyaha maxkamadda ku xigeenka gudoomiyaha iyo afar qaalli. kuma koobna holaha ciidanka soo gudbinta warbixinno taasoo ah arrinta ugu muhiimsan ee ka kaabaysa xukunada ee ka soo baxa maxkamadaha waxayba u gudbaan xallinta khilaafaadka inta ayasan u gudbin saldhigyada maxaakimta waxaa dheeraad ah dabagalka dambiilayaasha iyo kuwa qaanuunka ku xadgudba kadib maxkamadaha ayaa loo dhiibayaa ee ku shaqada leh dambiyada fudud si ay u sii hayaan. Sidoo kale maxaakimta shareecda waxay sameeyeen dhisidda guddi dhaqaale madaxa bannaan soona uruuriya canshuurta lagu soo rogay ganacsiga iyo guud ahaan goobaha ganacsiga iyo meel kasta oo ganacsi ah. Marso [[2009]] Xukuumaddii ku meelgaarka ahayd waxay ku dhawaaqday in [[Shareecada Islaamka]] tahay halka laga qaato sharciga iyo soo saarista xukunada iyo qawaaniinta dalka.<ref>[http://www.arabnews.com/?page=4&section=0&article=119757&d=1&m=3&y=2009 Shariah in Somalia] – Arab News</ref> ===Xeerka=== Qarniyo badan Soomaalidu waxay adeegsan jireen nidaam sharci ama qaanuun kaasoo ku tiirsan dhaqanka iyo xeerarka jufooyinka sharciyadaasa ama qaanuunkaasa waxay Soomaalidu u taqiinay magaca "Xeer"; waa waxa sida dastuurka oo kale ah ama wax u dhow cahdi kala gadisan qaanuun ahaan mana jirto wakaalad ama hay'ad ama jiho ka msul ah taasoo cadaynaysa waxa uu yahay qaynuunka la raacayo marka uu jiro xukun maxkamadeed, taasoo mar kasta loolala laabanayo maxkamadda xeer beegtida ama golaha jufada si loo xadido xukunka ku haboon iyo sidii loo fulin lahaa. ==Habka maamul== Wuxuu ku salaysanyahay qodobka 49aad ee dastuurka Soomaaliya. Gobol gooni isu taagi karaa ma jiri karo, inta uu Gobol kale uu kuu biirayo, Dowladda Federaalka Somalia ayaa maamulaysa waxaana waajib ku ah gobalkaas inuu ku biiro gobol kale ama dawlad xubin ka ah Dawladda Federaalka mudo labo sano gudahood. ===Magaalooyin=== {{Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya}} [[File:Aden_Abdullah_Airport.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Intii uusan dhicin dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya, waxay u qaybsanayd maamul ahaan 18 Gobol, bulburkii kadib waxaa soo baxay maamulo beeleedyo; waxay Soomaaliya ahayd ka hor 1969 intii uusan dhicin inqilaabkii dawladdii rayadka ahayd 8 Gobol oo kaliya, Hantiwadaaga wuxuu ka dhigay 18 gobol kuwaas oo kala ah: {{columns |width = 150px |gap = 10px |col1 = 1 [[Awdal]]<br/>2 Bakool<br/>3 [[Banaadir]]<br/>4 [[Bari]]<br/>5 Baay<br/>6 [[Galguduud]] |col2 = 7 [[Gedo]]<br/>8 Hiiraan<br/>9 [[Jubbada Dhexe]]<br/>10 [[Jubbada Hoose]]<br/>11 [[Mudug]]<br/>12 [[Nugaal]] |col3 = 13 [[Sanaag]]<br/>14 [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]]<br/>15 [[Shabeellaha Hoose]]<br/>16 [[Sool]]<br/>17 [[Togdheer]]<br/>18 [[Woqooyi Galbeed]]}} Waxaa samaysamay maamul beeleedyo ka dhashay dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya waxaana ka mid ah: Waqooyiga Soomaaliya oo ku dhawaaqan madax banaani hal dhinac ah: [[Somaliland]] taasoo ka dhigan saddex gobol sida [[Awdal]], [[Woqooyi Galbeed]], [[Togdheer]] iyo Qaybo ka mid ah [[Sool]] iyo [[Sanaag]] oo ay kula dagaalameen [[Puntland]]. Sidaa daraadeed [[Somaliland]] waxay gobolladii usii qaybisay: [[Awdal]], [[Cayn]], [[Gabiley]], [[Hawd]], [[Maroodi Jeex]], [[Oodwayne]] [[Salal]] iyo [[Saraar]]. Waxaa sidaas oo kale [[Puntland]] samaysay Gobollo iyadoo kaga dayatay [[Somaliland]] Kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Bari]], [[Gardafuuy]], [[Haylan]], [[Karkaar]], [[Mudug]] iyo [[Nugaal]]. Ka sokoow in ay samaysay Puntland hadana waxay aqoonsantahay Dastuurka Soomaaliya kaasoo dhigaya Soomaaliya in ay tahay 18 Gobol kaasoo waxba kama jiraan ka dhigaya gobollada ay magacaawday. ===Habka maamul gobolleedyada=== Habka Federaalka ee lagu muransanyahay Soomaaliya wuxuu dalka u qaybiyay sidaan soo socota: * {{Flag|Soomaaliya}} wuxuu federaalka u qaybiyay. * [[Puntland]] * [[Galmudug]] * [[Somaliland]] * [[Khaatumo state]] * [[Jubaland]] * Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya * Hiiraan iyo Shabeellaha dhexe Qodobka 49aad ee Dastuurka Soomaaliya wuxuu qorayaa 2 gobol iyo wixii ka badan baa samayn kara Maamul ka tirsan Dawladda Soomaaliya, waxay durbadiiba ka dhalatay caqabad ku aadan xuduudaha maamullada. ==Juqraafiga iyo cimilada== Soomaaliya waxay dhacdaa bariga fog ee qaaradda afrika taasoo u muuqaal eg qaabka ay u samaysanyahay geeska [[Wayil|wayiyisha]] kaasoo ku badan qaaradda afrika sidaa daraadeed waxaa loogu magacdaray [[Geeska Afrika|geeska afrika]]. waxay soomaaliya ku fidsantahay inta u dhaxeysa loolka 10 waqooyi dhigta 49 bari. wuxuu gaarayaa bedka Soomaaliya 637,657 kiiloomitir iskuwareeg ah waxaa ka mid ah 10,320 kiiloomitir iskuwareeg ah waxay biyaha ka hayaan ilaa 1.6% ee bedeka guud ee dalka waxay waxyar uun ka yartahay gobolka [[Texas]] ee maraykanka. Sidoo kale waxay Soomaaliya leedahay xuduud barri ah oo dhererkeedu gaaraya 2,340 km ee kala berta dhammaan [[Jabuuti]] masaafo dhan 58 kiiloometer, [[Itoobiya]] masaafo dhan 1,600 kiiloomiter iyo [[Kiinya]] masaafo dhan 682 km, sidaa daraadeed Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer guud ahaan qaaradda Afrika, iyadoo gaareesya xeebta Soomaaliya dhererkeeda 3,025 kiiloomitir; dhul badeedka Soomaaliya wuxuu gaarayaa ilaa 200 [[Mayl]] Bad gudaha [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. {{Infobox Weather |metric_first= Yes |single_line= Yes |location =[[Soomaaliya]] |lixkor/Jan_Hi_°C =30 |Feb_Hi_°C =30 |Mar_Hi_°C =40 |Apr_Hi_°C =40 |May_Hi_°C =40 |Jun_Hi_°C =40 |Jul_Hi_°C =40 |Aug_Hi_°C =30 |Sep_Hi_°C =30 |Oct_Hi_°C =30 |Nov_Hi_°C =30 |Dec_Hi_°C =30 |Year_Hi_°C =30 |Jan_Lo_°C =15 |Feb_Lo_°C =15 |Mar_Lo_°C =15 |Apr_Lo_°C =15 |May_Lo_°C =15 |Jun_Lo_°C =15 |Jul_Lo_°C =15 |Aug_Lo_°C =15 |Sep_Lo_°C =15 |Oct_Lo_°C =15 |Nov_Lo_°C =15 |Dec_Lo_°C =0 |Year_Lo_°C =15 |Jan_Precip_mm =40 |Feb_Precip_mm =40 |Mar_Precip_mm =40 |Apr_Precip_mm =40 |May_Precip_mm =40 |Jun_Precip_mm =40 |Jul_Precip_mm =50 |Aug_Precip_mm =50 |Sep_Precip_mm =40 |Oct_Precip_mm =40 |Nov_Precip_mm =40 |Dec_Precip_mm =40 |Year_Precip_mm =500 |source = Daraasaad lagu sameeyey - Soomaaliya<ref>[http://countrystudies.us/somalia/34.htm|publisher Countrystudies.us Somalia - Climate 04]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |accessdate = 2009-11-04 }} ==Caafimaadka== Waxaa lagua tiriyaa dhibatada caafimaadka la xiriirta ee dhalmada Soomaaliya kuwa ugu muhimsan caqabadaha iyo dhibaatada ee horyaala ururada caafimaadka ka shaqeeya Soomaaliya sida [[UNICEF]]. waxaana caqabadahaas ugu waaweyn kororka saamiga dhimashada ee haweenka xilliga dhalmada sidoo kale koroka saamiga dhimashada caruurta dhawaan dhaladka ah sababo badan awgeed waxaana ka mid ah engaga neef mareenka iyo [[Malaariyo|malaariyada]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171115191540/https://www.unicef.org/somalia/health.html UNICEF Somalia - Health - Issue 2018-12-05]</ref> ==Waxbarashada== Wasaaradda Waxbarashada iyo Barbaarinta waa hay'adda kaliya ee rasmiga Soomaaliya u qaabishan habaynta socodsiinta waxbarashada dalka, waxay ka faaiidaysaa wasaaradda saami dhan 15% guud ahaan bixinata miisaaniyadda dawladda taasoo loogu talo galay tacliinta. Tacliintu Waxay noqotay mid muhiim u aha dawlad goboleedyada ama Soomaaliya ha ahaatee ama maamul goboleedyada leh madax banaanida gaarka ah, sanadkii [[2006]] waxay noqotay [[Puntland]] meesha labaad ee Soomaaliya marka laga yimaado [[Somaliland]], taasoo ka dhigtay tacliinta aasaasiga ah mid lacag la'an ah halka ay macalimiinta ka qaatada gunadooda bisha maamulka si toos ah.<ref>[http://www.afrol.com/articles/16083 Staff writer Puntland (Somalia) to introduce free primary schools Afrol News 2006]</ref> Sanadii [[2007]] waxaa batay tirada dugsiyada hoose ee soomaaliya 600 dugsi intii uusan dhicin dagaalkii sokeeye ila iyo 1,172 dugsi iyadoo uu kordhay qadar saami dhan 28% wadarta guud ee tirada ardada heerka hoose.<ref name="Basic education survey">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090205150949/http://education.puntlandgovt.com/BES_presentation2007.pdf Basic education survey]</ref> ==Dhaqaalaha== Asigoo socda dagaalkii sokeeye Soomaaliya waxaa u suuro gashay dhisidda dhaqaale soo koraya sanadihii u dambeeyay kuna tiirsan xoolha nool shirakada xawilaada lacagta iyo shirkadaha isgaarsiinta;<ref name="CIA2008"/> daraasad uu ku sameeyay [[Bankiga Aduunka]] sanadkii [[2003]] dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya waxay muujinaysaa koritaanka qaybaha gaarka ah qaab la arki karo gaar ahaan Ganacsiga iyo Xawilaadaha lacagta iyo adeega aasaasiga ah sidaa daraadeed waxay gaartay in ay ku hormarto qaybaha muhimka ah sida xoolaha beeraha iyo kalluumaysiga,<ref name="world bank 2003">[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/03/25/000112742_20040325090551/Rendered/PDF/282760Somalia0Country0reengagement0note.pdf Country Re-Engagement Note]</ref> sida ay muujisay daraasadda ay soo saartay qaramada midoobay sanadkii [[2007]] koritaanka qaybaha adeegyada<ref name="irin">[http://www.irinnews.org/country.aspx?CountryCode=SO&RegionCode=HOA The Somali Democratic Republic UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]</ref> aqoonyahanka [[Anthroboloji|Anthroboloji]] Spencer Heath McCallum ku saleeyay shuruucda beelaha soomaaliyeed "Xeer" asaas ahaan kaasoo suura galiyay beeyad ku wanaagsan dhaqaalaha si looga wada faaiideysto una wanaagsanaato danaha mashaariic dhaqaale.<ref>[http://mises.org/story/2701 The Rule of Law without the State, Somalia]</ref> Qaybta Beeraha waxaa lagu tiriyaa qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee xagga dhaqaalaha ee dalka iyadoo ah marka lagu daro xoolaha 40% [[Wax soo saar|wax soo saarka dadka]] ee soomaaliya kaasoo ah 65% guud ahaan waxyaabaha ka soo xarooda dhoofinta;<ref name="CIA2008">{{Cite web |ciwaan=CIA - The World Factbook - Somalia (2008) |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html#Econ |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2016-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html#Econ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> marka dhinac la iska dhigo wax soo saarka beeraha iyo hilibka la qalay ama asigoo nool taasoo ay dhoofiso Soomaaliya waxay kale oo ay dhoofisaa [[Kaluun|kaluunka]], [[Dhuxul|dhuxusha]], [[Moos|mooska]], [[Liin|liinta]], [[Galley|Galleyda]], [[Hadhuudh|masago]] dhammaantood waa wax soo saarka gudaha.<ref name="CIA2008"/> Arrinta ku saabsan dhoofinta xoolaha waxay soomaaliya dhoofisay 3 malyan oo xoolo nool ah sanadii [[1999]] waxaana laga dhoofiyay dekadaha [[Boosaaso]] iyo [[Berbera|berbera]] waxaa la dhoofiyay 95% guud ahaan orgida 52% iyo Wanan kuwaas oo laga dhoofiyay Bari afrika guud ahaan. Waxay dhoofisaa [[Somaliland]] sanadkiiba ku dhawaad 180 malyan tan oo xoolo ah marka lagu daro ilaa 480 malyan oo tan wax soo saarka beeraha. Sidaa daraadeed Soomaaliya waxay ku jirtaa suuqgeeyaha ugu weyn [[Lubaan|luubaan]] iyo [[Malmal|malmasha]] guud ahaan aduunka.<ref name="improvement">[http://www.independent.org/pdf/working_papers/64_somalia.pdf Somalia After State Collapse: Chaos or Improvement? Benjamin Powell, Ryan Ford, Alex Nowrasteh November 30, 2006]</ref> [[file:Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154.jpg|thumb|250px|waxaa jira tiro badan shirkadaha duulimaadyada gaarka ah taasoo taasoo hogaaminayasa dagaal xagga dhimista sicirka si ay u hesho tiro badan oo duulumaadyo ah si shirkadaha kale meesha uga saarto.]] Laakiin qaybta warshadaha waxaa ka jirta dhibaato la xiriirta dagaalkii sokeeye oo ku dhisan gasacaynta iyo diyaarinta wax soosaarka beeraha si looga dhigo wax la dhoofin karo, qaybta warshadaha ma dhaafsana 10% wax soo saarka guud ee gudha. Marka laga tago ku tiirsanaanta wax soo saarka beeraha waxaa biloowday qayba ka mid ah wax soo saarka warshadaha horumar ay sameeynayaan, tusaale ahaan waxaa jira shirkado taasoo hogaanka u haysa dagaal ah dhimista sicirka si ay u hesho duulimaadyo badan taasoo meesha ka saaraysa shirkadaha tabarta daran.<ref name = "WB2005-03-18">[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/SOMALIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20398872~menuPK:367671~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:367665,00.html Africa Open for Business The World Bank]</ref> Waxaa kaloo jira qaybo howlo tasoo korriin laga dareemaya taasoo ah mid ay ku tiirsanyihiin shacabka Soomaaliyeed ee dibadda jira sida shirkadaha taleefoonada mobilada iyo xarumaha idaacadaha gaarka loo leeyahay Maqayadaha internetka waxaa sidoo kale jira [[Koka koola]] ee caalami ah taasoo ku tusaysa taasoo ay ku kalsoon yihiin shirkadaha caalamiga ah marka la eego maalgashiga ee hadda Soomaaliya.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3865595.stm Ferrett Grant Coca-Cola Makes Somalia Return BBC News 2004]</ref> Sidaas daraadeed waxaa lagu tiriyaa shikadaha xawilaadda qaybaha ugu badan ganacsiga ee hadda jira, kuwaas oo sameeya ku shubista in ku dhow 2 Bilyan doollar sanadkiiba dalka gudihiisa iyagoo soo mariya xawilaadaha dibadda ee soomaalida dibadda<ref name="CIA2008"/> waxaana lagu tiriyaa shirkadaha aadka ugu dhaqdhaqaa badan qaybtaan shirkadahaan ma sameeyaan qaadista lacagta si xawilladaha khaashka ah waxaa ku xiran shirkaadaas shirkadda "Dahabshiil" oo xarunteedu tahay [[Hargaysa]] kuwaasoo ay ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan 1,000 soomaali waxay leedahay 40 laanmo dhamaan caalamka waxaa ka mid ah laanta [[Dubay]] iyo [[London]].<ref name="Forbes">[http://www.forbescustom.com/EmergingMarketsPgs/AbdirashidDualeInterviewP1.html Freeing Finance: If money makes the world go round, Dahabshiil CEO Abdirashid Duale makes sure it goes to the right people]</ref> Sida ay muujiyeen shirkado maraykan iyo shiine ah si isku mid ah inuu jiro dano muuqda ee ku saabsan macdanta ku jurta soomaaliya gaar ahaan soo saarista shidaalka waxaana taa cadeeyay shirkadda lagu magacaabo ''Range Resources'' ee maraykanka ah jiritaanka kayd badan oo shidaal ah dhulks maamul goboleedka [[Puntland]] lagu qiyaasan shan ilaa toban bilyan oo fuusto ee saliidda ceeriinka ah.<ref>[http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ Exploration rights in Somalia for Chinese oil giant CNOOC Oilmarketer.co.uk 2009-02-25]</ref> ==Isgaarsiinta iyo warbaahinta== Waxaa sii kordhayay tobankii sano ee u danbaysay tiro badan Wargaysyada xarumaha Idaacadaha iyo Talefishinada kuwaas oo aan ku ekayn oo kaliya caasimadda, laakiin u gudbay magaalooyinka waaweyn. kuwaas oo qabsaday warbaahinta. kuma eka oo kaliya warbaahinta waxyba gaartay isgaarsiinta xarigga dhulka iyo midda xarig la' iyadoo ay korotay adeegsedeyaasha [[Internet]]ka shan sano gudaheed intii u dhaxeeysay [[2002]] iyo [[2007]] qiyaastii 44,900% iyadoo gaartay heerkii ugu sareeyay koritaanka afrika abid.<ref>[http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats1.htm#africa Internet Usage Statistics for Africa, Internetworldstats.com]</ref> Iyadoo ay ka wada hadlayaan shirkadaha guud ee ka shaqeeya [[Macluumaadka Teknolojiyadda]] suuq ka kooban nus malyan adeegsade internet. waxaa hadda laga helaa Soomaaliya 22 [[Bixiyaha Adeegga Internet]] waxaa dheeraad ah ilaa 234 [[Maqaayad Internet]] oo dalka ku faafsan taasoo sanadkiiba ku guulaysatay gaarsiinta 15.6%. waxaana hadda la suurta-galiyay isgaarsiin Internet ah dhanka [[Dayax Gacmeed]]ka gaar ahaan meelaha fogfog taas oo aan lahayn [[Codsi Talefon|Khad taleefan]] ama shabkad xarig la' ah. Waxay ka mid ah [[Qaramada Midoobay]] ama [[NGO|Heeyadaha aan dawliga ahayn]] Hay'adaha maaliyadda gaar ahaan shirkadaha xawila lacagta iyo maqaayadaha internetka waa kuwa ugu badan adeesiga shabakadda caarcaarada Internetka ee dalka. Waxaa lagu tiriyaa qaybta [[Codsi Talefon|Isgaarsiinta Talefonka]] ee internetka kuwa ugu badanq qayb ahaan koritaanka marka loo eego dhamaan qaaradda isla goobta iyadoo koraysa tirada [[Talefon Guri]] kuwaasoo sanadkii gaari kara 12.5% (hadda waxaa la helaa 100,000 khad talefon guri) markii la barbar dhigo dawladaha kale ee dhaca geeska afrika gaar ahaan bariga afrika si guud kuwaas oo dhib ku qaba xiridda khadka talefonka guriga sabab ka dhalatay burburin ulakac ah sicir barar ku yimid fiilooyinka maarta ah ee loo adeegsado galinta taleefonada dhulka. Waxaa xusid mudan gaarsiinta khad dhulka ah ee kuwa cusub ah ee cusub waxay qaadanaysaa saddex maalmood oo kaliya Soomaaliya laakiin waxay gaari kartaa sanado dheer dalka dariska la ah ee lagu magacaabo [[Kiinya]]. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa qaybta isgaarsiinta ee xariga dhulka ah dalka waa qaybaha ugu wanaagsan marka loo eego qaarada Afrika kuwaas oo ay bixiyaan shirkado badan soona gudbiya adeeg heer sare ah waxaa ka mid ah la hadalka dibadda adigoo bixinaya 10 doollar oo kaliya, waxaa taa dheer Isgaarsiin xarig la' tasoo ay korortay koror aad u weyn tirada haysata ee shirkadaha adeega bixinta taleefonada xarig la' kaasoo gaaray 627,000 adeegsade. ==Ciidanka== Ciidanka somaliya waa kuwa igu awooda badan afrika waxa ayna la dagaalameen ciidankii itoobiya 1977 waxaan guuleestay ciidanka somaliya somaliya ciidankeeda wexee Ku bixisaa dakhli dhan 50 bilyan oo doolar waana ciida Ka daagalimi Kara cimila walba qaboow iyo kulee {{flag|Somalia}} Somalis 🇸🇴♥️♥️♥️♥️.!!` ==Beeyada== Soomaaliya waxaa hareeyay cimilo kulul oomane ah, halka uu gaarayo roobka da'a inta u dhexeysa sanadkiiba 10 20 iyo [[Inji]] halka ayna ka badnayn dhulka la beeri karo 2% bedka guud ee Soomaaliya, dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa mid ku reebay raad xun Kaymaha, waxaa la jaray in badan oo geedahaas ah ujeedaduna waxay ahayd [[Dhuxul]] taas oo sababtay [[Abaar|abaar]]. Dawladdii Hantiwadaaga waxay samaysay qorshe ballaaran ee ah beerista dhir guud ahaan jamhuuriyadda taas oo loola jeeday '''Bacaad celin''' iyo ka hortagga saxaraha. waxaana la aas'aasay markii ugu horaysay hay'adda beeyada ee soomaaliya xilligii Hantiwadaaga taasoo loogu magac-daray "ECOTERRA Somalia" ee raacsan "Golaha Beeyada Soomaaliya" taasoo gacan ka gaysatay wacyi galint ku saabsan beeyada waxay kaloo samaysay dhaqaajinta barnaamijkii beeyada dhammaan qaybaha xukuumadda sidoo kale heeyadaha bulshada rayadka ah sidoo kale waxaa la aas'aasay "xarunta cilimi baarista iyo la socodka iyo dhowrista nolosha barriga" iyadoo loo marayo heeyada "ECOTERRA" caalamiga ah sanadkii [[1986]], waxaa faaiidadeeda la arkay [[1989]] halka ay ogolaadeen xisbiyada dalka xukuumadda dhammaan saxiixa xukuumadda soomaaliya heshiis "manuuciaya ka ganacsiga nuucyada sii baaba'ya" (CITES) taasoo waxaa markii ugu horreysay la mamnuucay ka ganacsiga [[Ilik|faanta]] [[Maroodi|maroodiga]]. Waxaa taa la socday u dhaq-dhaqaaqda iyo abaal marinta goldman ee beeyada {{en|Goldman Environmental Prize}} Faaduma Jibriil olo-oleynta bulshada ee ku wajahnayd ku wacyi galinta beeyada waxayna ka soo biloowday magaaladii ay ku dhalatay iyadoo isku duba riday guddiyo ilaaliya nolosha barriga xeebaha, waxay kaloo tababartay kuwaas oo u howl gali doona ilaalinta beeyada gaar ahaan meelaha dhuxuusha laga gubo. ==Dadka== Waxa uu gaarayaa dadka [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliya]] dega ilaa 12,832,017 qof, waana tiro aan la hubin waxaana la xisaabsada tirada dadka tii ay samaysay dawladdii Hantiwadaaga [[1975]], waxaa kale oo jira trakoob soo baxay [[2015]] oo qiyaas ah kaas oo ay soo bandhigtay Wasaarada Qorshaynta Soomaaliya waxaana lagu sheegay 12,316,895 qof suurtagal maaha in la ogaado tirakoobka rasmiga ah ee hadda taasoo ay sababtu tahay mujtamaca soomaaliyeed oo u badan [[Reer guuraa]] sidoo kale tira badan oo barakacayaal ah kuwaas oo ka cararay baahi ama dagaal sokeeye, sidoo kale waxaa kordhay tirada ku maqan qurbaha dagaalkii sokeeye dabadii taasoo hadana sabatay in ay dalka ka cararaan aqoonyahanadii soomaaliyeed una cararaan [[Bariga Dhexe]], [[Yurub]] iyo [[Woqooyiga Ameerika]]. Sinjiga ugu badan, oo ah 85% waa [[Soomaali]] iyadoo aay jiraan sinjiyo kale oo isku dardar ah kuwaas oo gaaraya 15%, waxaa ka mid ah: Baantuuga Gibilcadka Barawaani Baajuun, [[Hindi]], [[Iiraan]] waxaa kaloo jira kuwo ay dhaleen isticmaarka xilligii gumaysiga talyaaniga kuwaas oo lagu magacaabo Misyooni oo gaaraya 30 kun oo qof waxaa jiri kara dadyoow kale ee aan Soomaali ahayn oo iska tagay markii xoriyadda la qaatay [[1960]] horayna u raacan isticmaarkii. ==Luqadda== [[File:R.publication Somali language.jpg|thumb|center|196px|Daabacadaha [[Af Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]]<ref> '''[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/ Buugag iyo Qormo Dhigashada… (Jw.org)] '''</ref>]] [[Af-Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]] waa Afka rasmiga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya waana Af-soomaaliga ([[Maay]] iyo [[Maxaa tiri]]), waa mid ka mid ah afafka [[Luqadaha Kushiitiga|Kushiitiga]] taasoo ah mid raacsan laan ka mid ah laamaheeda [[Afro-Aasiyatik|Afrika Aasiya]], kuwa ugu dhow Af-Soomaaliga waa Af-Cafarta taasoo looga hadlo [[Itoobiya]], [[Eratareya]] iyo [[Jabuuti]], sidoo kale [[Oramada]] taasoo iyana looga hadlo [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kiinya]]. Af-Soomaaligu waa tan ugu badan Afafka Kushitiga loogu qorista badanyahay sideedaba,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200327170337/http://www.springerlink.com/content/b14r67j54k377r7g/ A software tool for research in linguistics and lexicography: Application to Somali 2018-12-05]</ref> Waxaa jirtay daraasad cilmiyeed ku saabsan [[Af-Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]] kana horaysay 1900. ==Diinta== Muddaddii qadiimiga, Soomaalidda waxay ku baraarugsanaan jiray diinta [[Waaqiya]], laakin maanta, marka laga reebo in yar oo ka mid ah [[Soomaalida|shacabka soomaaliyeed]] dhammaantood waxay haystaam [[Islaam|islaamka]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061214023655/http://www.mepc.org/workshops/popstat.asp Middle East Policy Council - Muslim Populations Worldwide 2018-12-05]</ref> badankood waa [[Ahlu sunno waljamaaca|sunno]] kuwaas oo haysta [[Madhabo|madhabka]] shaaficiyadda ]'<ref name="Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi">Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi, ''Culture and Customs of Somalia'', (Greenwood Press: 2001), p.1</ref> wuxaa lagu tilmaamaya dastuurka soomaaliya in ay diinta islaamku tahay diinta kaliya ee dalka ka jiri karta, shareecada islaamkuna tahay asalka. ==Ciidaha iyo fasaxyada rasmiga ah== {{Ciidaha Soomaaliya}} ==Dhaqanka== Soomaalidu waxay ku abtirsataa dhaqan fac weyn oo xeerar iyo qawaaniintiisa leh. Marka aad culuuntan dhaqanka qaarkood dhegeysato waxaad garan karaysaa baaxadda dhaqan cilmiyeysan ay laahaayeen Soomaalidii hore. Dhaqanka soomaaliyeed wuxuu isugu jiraa caadooyin waxyaabo la soo wariyay dhaqankaas oo ku kaydsan maskaxda waayeelka soomaaliyeed taasoo casriyo hore lagu dhaqmi jiray dhaqamada gudaha iyo dhaqamada dawlado kale keeneen soomaaliya waa mid ku salaysan taariikh sida [[Itoobiya]] [[Kiinya]], [[Yemen]] ,[[Hindiya]] iyo [[Iiraan]]. ===Miyuusigga=== Soomaaliya waxay uga duwantahay dunida inteeda kale iyadoo ah mid ka mid ah dawladaha Afrika taasoo shacabkeedu ka koobanyahay hal qomiyad waana [[Soomaali]] taasoo ka dhigtay in ay ka midaysan yihiin naaxiyadda muusikada guud ahaan dalka waana waxa ka caawiyay faafinta kooxada muusikada soomaaliyeed oo ay ka mid tahay kooxda "Waabari" iyo "Horseed" meela ka baxsan Soomaaliya qaar ka mid ah ayaa sameeyay laxan heesaa soomaaliyeed sida "[[Maryan Mursal]]" iyagdoo musikadii Soomaaliyeed qaybo kale oo reer galbeed ku dhexdartay. ===Fanka=== * Fanka soomaalida wuxuu u qaysanyahay: * Fan shaxaneed, sida farshaxanka – Sawirka – Far-guri – Injineernimo – Dhisme – Fanka dhismaha – Geeda qoris... * Fan ku luuqeen, Suugaan – sida Miyuusiga – Heesaha - Shineemda iyo masraxiyadda – Gabayga – Sheeko xiriirta... * Fan Cayaareed, sida qoobka cayaarka – Gamuuan tuurka – Indhe sarcaad – Shiribka – Jaandheerta – Dhaantada... Waa hab, [[gabay|abuurida]], qurxinta, habaynta iyo soo bandhiga [[hees|heesaha Soomaalida]], [[ruwaayad]]aha iyo [[majaajilo]]oyinka u dhaqanka ah [[dadka Soomaalida]] ah meelkasta ooy joogaan, gaar ahaan inta ku dhaqan [[Bariga Afrika]]. Guud ahaan, fanka Soomaalidu waa nooc ka mid ah [[Suugaan|Suugaanta Soomaalida]]. Sidoo kale, dadka ku hadla [[Af Soomaali]]ga waxay leeyihiin [[fan]] aad u heersareeya, qani ku ah aqoon iyo xirfad qoto dheer. In kastoo fanka maanta jira yahay mid aad u da' yar wuxuu leeyahay waaxyaabo iyo noocyo aad u badan. Kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah [[qaaci|heesaha qaaciga]], [[qaraami]]ga, heesaha jaaska, [[ruwaayad]]aha, [[majaajilo]]yinka, [[filim]]aanta, bandhigyada fanka, qoob-ka-ciyaarka iyo guud ahaan madadaalada ku baxda luuqada [[Soomaaliga]]. ===Cunto karinta=== [[file:Somali food.jpg|thumb|196px|nuucyada kala gadisan ee [[Cunto kariska soomaalida|Cunto]].|alt=]] Cunto kariska Soomaalida wuu kala gadisanyahay meel walbo meesha kale sidaa daraadeed inuu ka mid yahay waxyaabaha muhimka u ah soomaalida in laga heli karo meel kasta ee dalka ka mid ah cunto [[Xalaal]] ah sida ay qabto diinta islaamka sida in aysan dhici karin wax ay ku jiraan xedha doofaarkaama [[Hilib]] [[Doofaar]] sidoo kale ma laga yaabo in laguu keeno [[Cabitaan]] alkolo ah nuucyadii kala duwan, sidoo kale lagama cuno bakhtiga, ama dhiiga la fariisiyay. Soomaaliya waxaa laga qadeeyaa kowda wixii ka dambeeya duhurka dabadii laakiin inta lagu guda jiro bisha [[Ramadaan]] waxaa la cunayaa Marka ay dhamaato salaadda taraawiixdataasoo xitaa gaadhi karta kow iyo tobanka fiidnimo. waxaa la cunaa "Cambuulada" oo ugu badan bisha Soomaaliya taasoo laga cuno dhammaan dalka, waxaa la kariyaa marka hore cambuulada, taasoo meelaha qaar looga yaqaan digir ([[Af-Soomaali]]: digir), muddo gaarsiisan shan saacadood oo xidhiidh ah dab yar oo khafiif ah si ay u noqoto mid bisil. Waxaa kale oo jirta [[Muufo]] taasoo ka samaysan [[Galley|Ganleey]] la shiiday kadibna la cajiimay laguna dubay [[Tinaar]], waxaa qaabkaas oo kale loo sameeyaa [[Sabaayad]] waxay kaga duwantahay dubista. ==sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Soomaali luqadda dhegoolaha]] * [[Somaliland]] * [[Djibouti]] * [[IGAD]] * [[Diinta Soomaalida]] ==Xogta== {{reflist}} ==Daabacado kale== <div class="mw-content-ltr"> * Hadden, Robert Lee. 2007. [http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA464006 "The Geology of Somalia: A Selected Bibliography of Somalian Geology, Geography and Earth Science."]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Engineer Research and Development Laboratories, Topographic Engineering Center, Alexandria, VA. Abstract. * Hess, Robert L. ''Italian Colonialism in Somalia''. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1966. *Fitzgerald, Nina J. ''Somalia''. New York: Nova Science, Inc., 2002. * Lewis. I.M. ''Pastoral Democracy: A study on Pastoralism and Politics among the Northern Somali clans''. Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1958. ISBN 978-3-8258-3084-7. * Mwakikagile, Godfrey. ''The Modern African State: Quest for Transformation'', Chapter Four: Somalia: A Stateless State - What Next?, pp.&nbsp;109–132, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Huntington, New York, 2001. * Tripodi, Paolo. ''The Colonial Legacy in Somalia''. New York: St. Martin's P Inc., 1999. </div> ==Linkiyo banaanka ah== ; Xukuumadda * [http://www.tfgsomalia.net Websitkii dawladdii federaalka ku meel gaarka ahayd] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tfgsomalia.net/ |date=20190924214612 }} * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/somalia.html Raysulwasaaraha iyo liiska wasiirada] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/somalia.html |date=20120926194338 }} * [https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/iimaan-run-ah/iimaanka-runta-ah-muxuu-yahay/ Soomaali: Iimaan Run ah Waa Waddada Nolol Farxad Leh] ;Macluumaad guud * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html Bogga Soomaaliya ee buugga ''World Factbook'' Sirdoonka Maraykanka] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |date=20160701194614 }} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/somalia.htm Maktabadda jaamacadda koloraado] * [http://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Somalia Hagista safarka ee soomaaliya (Af-Ingiriis) ee websiteka ''Wikivoyage''] ;Warbaahin * [http://allafrica.com/somalia/ Wararka ugu doorka roon ee doomaaliya] websiteka ''allafrica.com'' * [http://www.irinnews.org/Africa-Country.aspx?Country=SO IRIN Somalia] Wararka iyo hubinta warsaxaafadeedka ee ku saabsan arrimaha bini aadamnimo ee soomaaliya ;Kuwo kale {{col-begin}} {{col-1-of-2}} * [http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/somalia Hay´adda laanqeerta cas ee Soomaaliya] * [http://www.somaliaonline.com/ Somalia Online] * [http://www.somalilink.com/ The Somali Link] * [http://education.nairobi-unesco.org/ Xafiiska UNESCO ee nairobi ee quseeya waxbarashada Soomaaliya] {{col-2-of-2}} * [http://education.nairobi-unesco.org/PDFs/somalia.pdf Xafiiska UNESCO ee Nairobi barnaamijyafa tacliinta ee dhammaan 2015 - Soomaaliya] * [http://www.kataaib.net Websiteka Mustaqbalka umadda Soomaaliyeed] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kataaib.net/ |date=20081028004403 }} * [http://www.mapsyou.com/mapsFrame.aspx?p1=117 Khariidada ee websitka ado] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mapsyou.com/mapsFrame.aspx?p1=117 |date=20090114115414 }} * [http://www.jaallesiyaad.com Websiteka rasmiga ah ee taariikhda gaarka ah Madaxweyne Syd. Barre] {{col-end}} {{Jiho | Woqooyi Galbeed = {{flag|Djibouti}} | Woqooyi = {{flag|Yemen}} • ''[[Gacanka Cadmeed]]'' | Woqooyi Bari = ''[[Gacanka Cadmeed]]'' | Galbeed = {{flag|Ethiopia}} | Magaca = {{flag|Somalia}} | Bari = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' | Koofur = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' | Koofur Galbeed = {{flag|Kenya}} | Koofur Bari = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' }} {{coord|02|02|N|45|21|E|type:Soomaaliya | display=title}} {{Maqaal Xul Ah|subst=4928983 |Taariikh=26 Diseember 2015}} {{Portal bar|Soomaaliya}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Soomaaliya|*]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah midowga afrika]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah jaamacadda carabta|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah ururka iskaashiga islaamka|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka ugu horumarka liita|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah qaramada midoobay|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Geeska Afrika|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka dhaca badweynta hindiya|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka iyo meelaha looga hadlo af-soomaaliga|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Jamhuuriyadaha]] [[Category:Wadamada Afrika|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka federaalka ah|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Mustacmarado hore ee talyaaniga|Soomaaliya]] __INDEX__ r525oc0k1t9xvunqpynwza4wjlmz7w8 238401 238399 2022-07-21T10:00:07Z 62.140.210.135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Soomaaliya}} {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{Coord|10|N|49|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Soomaaliya | common_name = Somalia | native_name = Federal Republic of Somalia</br>جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_coat =Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | national_anthem = "{{lang|so|[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]|italic=no}}"<Br><center>[[File:Somalian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]</center> | image_map = Somalia (orthographic projection).svg | map_caption = Meelaha ay maamusho Dowlada Somalia waxaa lagu muujiyay cagaar madow ah; meelaha ay maamusho dowladda somaliland waxaa lagu muujiyay cagaar khafiif ah. Soonayaasha la maamulaayo waa mida waqtigaan xaadirka.<!-- Parameter is earmarked for text description of location of country per [[Template:Infobox_country#Syntax]]. --> | image_map2 = Somalia - Location Map (2011) - SOM - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[Muqdisho]] | coordinates = {{Coord|2|2|N|45|21|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Soomaali|Soomaali]] | [[Af-Carabi|Carabi]]}} | languages_type = Afafka qalaad | languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriis]]|[[Af-Taliyaani|Talyaani]]<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ita ethnologue.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&category=&publisher=&type=LEGISLATION&coi=SOM&rid=456d621e2&docid=4795c2d22&skip=0 Scuola media di Mogadiscio]</ref>}} | religion = [[Islam]] | demonym = [[Soomaalida]] | government_type = [[Federation|Federaal]] [[Baarlamaanka Jamhuuriyadda]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweynaha]] | leader_name1 = [[Hasan Sheekh Maxamuud]],[[PDP]] | leader_title2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Raiisul wasaaraha]] | [[Mohamed Hussein Roble]] | legislature = [[Baarlamaanka Dowlada Fadaraalka||Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] | sovereignty_type = [[Taariikhda Soomaaliya|Samaynta]] | established_event9 = [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska Somaliland]] | established_date9 = 1884 | established_event10 = [[Boqortooyada Talyaaniga Somaliland]] | established_date10 = 1889 | established_event11 = ka xoroobay [[Boqortooyada Talyaaniga]] | established_date11 = 1 Juulyo 1960 | established_event12 = [[Qaraarka Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay 141|Qaraarka Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay]] ogolaashaha [[Qaramada Midoobay]] | established_date12 = 20 Sebteembar 1960 | established_event13 = [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka hadda]] | established_date13 = 1 Agoosto 2012 | area_km2 = 637,657 | area_rank = 43rd <!--should be same as listed on [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 246,200 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | percent_water = | population_estimate = 11,031,386 | population_estimate_year = 2017 | population_estimate_rank = {{smaller|76th}} | population_density_km2 = 19.31<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161003235053/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/arabstates/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf UNFPA Somali Population Survey 2014]. Somalia.unfpa.org (6 April 2014). Retrieved 6 October 2016.</ref> | population_density_sq_mi = 41.73 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | GDP_PPP = [[United States dollar|US$]] | GDP_PPP_year = 61 | GDP_PPP_rank = 75 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]3077.23 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 100 | GDP_nominal = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]8.7 Billion Dollars | GDP_nominal_year = | GDP_nominal_rank = {{smaller|114th}} | GDP_nominal_per_capita = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]2716 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = {{smaller|133rd}} | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI = <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank =153 | currency = [[Shilin Soomaali]] | currency_code = $1=100 SOS | time_zone = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Lambarka Taleefoonada Soomaaliya|+252]] | cctld = [[.so]] | today = |leader_name2=[[Maxamed Xuseen Rooble]]}} '''Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|Somalia}}, [[Carabi|Af Carabi]] الصومال), sida rasmiga ah loo yaqaano '''Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|Federal Republic of Somalia}}) (waxaa hore loo oran jirey [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]] xiligii hore ee Hantiwadaaga), oo sii dhaxal ahaana loo yaqaano '''Soomaal''' waa [[Dowlad]] iyo wadan dhacda [[Geeska afrika|Geeska Afrika]] ama Foolalka [[Afrika]] ee kasii socda [[Marinka Gardafuul]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay maamul goboleedyo sida [[Puntland]], [[Jubaland]], [[Galmudug]], [[Hirshabeelle]], [[Koonfur Galbeed]]. Waxaa ka xiga bariga [[marinka Gardafuul]] iyo [[Seyshelles]], iyo [[Soqotra]] iyo [[badda Soomaal]], koofuurna [[Kenya]]. Waxaa ku nool dad [[Faanyahan]] ah, iyo dadka [[Dhul-hoos Bari Kushiitik]] ah. Waxaa dawlada Soomaaliya ka horeeyay boqortooyada [[Diiriye Guure]]. Juquraafi ahaan [[Kiinya]] Koofur galbeed, iyo [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] woqooyiga iyo [[Marinka Gardafuul]] bariga iyo [[Itoobiya]] galbeedka. Waxay leedahay xad badeedka ugu dheer qaaradda Afrika. Waxaa kala duwan qaabka dhulka kuwaas oo kala ah [[Buur|Buuro]], [[Dul]] iyo [[Bannaan]]. Cimiladeeda oo ah lama degaan kulul dhamaan sanadka iyada oo ay jiraan xoogaa dabaylo xilliyeed iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. [[File:ShenDuGiraffePainting.jpg|thumb|right|250px|]] [[File:Somalia scramble for africa period geledi hobyo huwan, Diiriye Guure kingdom.png|thumb|right|195px|]] [[File:Somshil5r.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] [[File:Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud-vf.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Soomaaliya xilliyadii hore waxay ahayd meelaha ugu muhiimsan [[Ganacsi|ganacsiga]] caalamiga ah ee ka dhexeeyay dawladihii hore ee caalamka. Xilli ay ahaayeen Badmareenada iyo ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed kuwo dhoofiya [[Luubaan]]ta iyo [[Malmal]]sha taasoo ka dhignayd kuwo u soo saari jiray [[Masar|Masartii hore]], Fiiniqiyiintii, Maysuuniyiintii iyo Baabil taasoo isku xiri jirtay dhammaan gaadiidka Awrta ama [[Geel]]a ganacsiga Soomaaliyeed waxay la wadaageen [[Soomaalida]] xiriir ganacsi.<ref>Phoenicia pg 199</ref><ref>The Aromatherapy Book by Jeanne Rose and John Hulburd pg 94</ref> Sida ay la tahay in badan oo taariikhyahano ah iyo kuwa dhiga taariikhda, waxay cadeeyeen Soomaaliya in ay tahay meesha lagu tilmaamay dhukii Buntiga ee hore taasoo la lahayd xiriir wanaagsan Faraaciintii [[Masar]] gaar ahaan xilligii [[Fircoon]] "saaxuurac" ee ka midka ahaa boqoradii [[Masar]] casrigii Dawladdii hore, iyo boqortooyadii "Xatshabsuut" ee ka mid aheeyd boqoradii qoyskii reer masar ee sideed iyo tobanaad casrigii dawladda cusub.<ref>Egypt: 3000 Years of Civilization Brought to Life By Christine El Mahdy</ref><ref>Ancient perspectives on Egypt By Roger Matthews, Cornelia Roemer, University College, London.</ref><ref>Africa's legacies of urbanization: unfolding saga of a continent By Stefan Goodwin</ref><ref>Civilizations: Culture, Ambition, and the Transformation of Nature By Felipe Armesto Fernandez</ref> Waxaa loo malaynayaa arrinkaas dhismeyaasha Ahraamta iyo Macbadyo iyo dhismeyaal ee lagu dhisay Garanayt iyo Shiil Cad taasoo loo malaynayo waqtigeeda isla xililligaas una dhigma kuwa la midka ah ee dhismeyaashii msar.<ref>Man, God and Civilization pg 216</ref> sidoo kale xilliyadii hore, waxaa tartamayay dawlado kuwaasoo isku dayay in ay xiriir la yeeshaan dadyoow deganaa dhuka Soomaaliyeed sida jasiiradda xaafuun raas casayr iyo Malaw iyo Mareeg iyo dariskooda Boqrtooyadii Saba iyo Arshek iyo Boqortooyadii Aksam ee ku salaysan ganacsi iyo qaybo ka mid ah boqoro ka jiray Hindiya iyo [[Giriig]]a iyo Roomaanka.<ref>Oman in history By Peter Vine Page 324</ref> Markii ay ka soo if baxday diinta islaamka meel ku beegan geeska AfricaSoomaaliya [[Baddacas|Badda cas]] waxay soo qaateen ganacsatada iyo badmareenada soomaaliyeed ee aadi jiray Jasiirad la mooda carbeed diinta Islaamka taasoo ka dhalatay macaamilka ay la lahaayeen [[carabta]] Muslimka ah. Hijrooyinkii ay sameeyeen dad saxaabada ka mid ah meelo badan oo dunida muslimka ah qarniyadii hore ee diinta islaamku faafaysay ayaa waxay sahashay in ay soomaalidu qaadato diinta islaamka si nabad ah macalimiin Soomaaliyeedna ayna barayeen dadka, waxaa ka dhismay dhulka Soomaaliyeed dawlado iyo magaalooyin islaami ah sida magaalooyinka [[Muqdisho]], [[Baraawe]], [[Mareeg]] iyo [[Marka]], taasoo ahayad qayb ka mid ah ilbaxnimadii Soomaalida. Waxaa loo yaqiin magaalada muqdisho ''"Magaaladii Islaamka"''<ref>Society, security, sovereignty and the state in Somalia – Page 116</ref> Waxaa la joogay ganacsiga [[Dahab|dahabka]] ee ku taal [[Bariga Afrika]] qarniyo badan.<ref>East Africa: Its Peoples and Resources – Page 18</ref> iyo [[Casriyadii dhexe]], Boqotooyooyin Soomaaliyeed baa la wareegay wadooyinkii ganacsiga sida [[saldanadii Ajuuraan]] taasoo xukumaysay dhulka intii u dhexaysay qarniyadii laba iyo tobanaad ilaa todoba iyo tobanaad ciise dabadii taasoo alliftay hindisaha cilmiga dareeraha dheqdheqaaqa iyo dhismeyaasha darbi difaaca,<ref>Shaping of Somali society Lee Cassanelli pg.92</ref> Sidoo kale [[saldanadii Cadal]] taasoo [[Imaam Axmed Guray]] waa ciidankii ugu horeeyay afrika ee adeegsada Madfac dagaalkii lagula jiray xabashida<ref>Futuh Al Habash Shibab ad Din</ref> intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1529]] ilaa [[1543]], sidoo kale qoyskii Goonroon taasoo xukumi jirtay magaalada Laamu ee xiriirka la lahayd saldanada cumaan ee iyana hoos imaan jirtay [[Cusmaaniyiinta]] kaasoo ka qaadi jiray Jizyo [[suldaan axmed yuusuf]], suldaankii afaraad ee Ajuuraan kaasoo xukumayay intii u dhexaysay [[1848]] ilaa [[1878]].<ref>Sudan Notes and Records – Page 147</ref> Qarnigii sagaal iyo tobanaad kadib [[kulankii Baarliin 1884]], boqortooyooyinka yurub waxay u soo direen cidmadooda Baragiga Afrika Si ay dhulkaas caalamka istiraatiijiga u ah u qabsadaan taasoo kaliftay in [[Diiriye Guure]], aasaasihii dawladdii daraawiishta in uu ciidamo soomaali ah ka soo usruusado geeska afrika oo dhan waxay ahayd inta taariikhda la ogyahay is hortaag kii ugu weynaa ee lagu sameeyo Isticmaarka.baraawe Waxaa u suurta gashay Soomaalida ugu horayn ka hortagga Soomaalida.<ref>Politics, language, and thought: the Somali experience – Page 135</ref><ref>Africa report pg 69</ref><ref>Essentials of geography and development: concepts and processes By Don R. Hoy, Leonard Berry pg 305</ref><ref>Encyclopedia of African history – Page 1406</ref> dawladii boqortooyada Diiriye Guure waxay iska caabiyeen [[Ingiriiska]] afar mar oo isxigta waxaana lagu qasbay in ay dib ugu gurato dhanka xeebaha. waxay jabtay boqortooyda [[Diiriye Guure]] [[1920]] kadib adeegsigii Ingiriiska uu adeegsaday diyaaradaha intii dagaalka lagu jiray duqaynta [[taleex]] caasimadda ciidankii [[Diiriye Guure]] iyo dhamaan dhulkii [[Diiriye Guure]] waxaa la wareegay ciidmadii gumaysiga Ingiriiska. Sidoo kale [[Talyaaniga]] wuxuu la kulmay iska caabin kaga imaanaysay salaadiin Soomaaliyeed mana uwada suurta galin in uu wada qabsado qaybo ka mid ah dalka ee hadda loo yaqaan Dawladda Soomaaliya marka laga reebo xilligii fajiistaha dabayaaqadii sanadkii [[1927]] waxayna haysteen ilaa [[1941]] kaasoo lagu bedelay xukunkii ciidmada ee Ingiriiska. Woqooyiga Soomaaliya wuxuu sii ahaaday mustacmarad Ingiriis ah halka koofurta Soomaaliya isku bedeshay dawlad madax bannaan laakiin ay la socoto wasaayad ilaa laga gaaro midayntii labada gobol [[1960]] kuma midoobeen magaca Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya. [[File:Somrepitu.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Soomaaliya waxay xubin ka noqotay [[Jaamacada Carabta]] sanadii [[1974]]. sidoo kale Soomaaliya waxay xiriir fiican la samaysatay dadlalk afrika, waxay ka mid ahayd dawladihii aasaasay [[Midowga Afrika]], waxay taageeri jirtay ANC ee [[Koonfur Afrika]] kana soo herjeeday nidaamkii ''Apartheid'' ee cunsuriga ahaa<ref>[http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/anctoday/2007/text/at01.txt ANC Today Volume 7, No. 1, 12-18 January 2007]</ref> waxay kaloo taageertay Soomaaliya dagaalyanada [[Eratareya]] intii ay ku jirtay Eretariyiinta dagaalkii looga soo horjeeday [[Itoobiya]].<ref>Superpower diplomacy in the Horn of Africa – Page 22</ref> Iyadoo ka mid ah Dawladaha Islaamiga hadana Soomaaliya waxay ahayd aasaasayaashii [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] sidoo kale waxay xubin ka ahayd [[Qaramada Midoobay]]. Soomaaliya iyadoo dhibaato kala kulantay [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]] iyo deganaasho la'an ku baahday gudaha, waxay ku guulaysatay abuurista Suuq xor ah kana sareeya inbadan ee nidaamayada dhaqaale ee Afrika kale sida ay sheegtay daraasad ay sameeysay qaramada midobay.<ref>[http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=25433&Cr=Somalia&Cr1= UN news center. Somalia economy stronger than others in Africa, UN-backed meeting says]</ref> ==Taariikh== {{Faahfaahin|Taariikhda Soomaaliya}} *Calanka Soomaalida *Calanka Itaalyaaniga *Calanka United Nations Trusteeship]] {{Taariikhda Soomaaliya}} === Casrigii wixii ka horeeyay taariikhda === Dadka waxay yimaadeen dhulka Soomaaliyeed Casrigii dhagxaanta, taasoo loo celinayo sawirada lagy hardhay darbiyada godoka woqooyiga Soomaaliya sanadihii 9000 CH. gododkaas waxaa ugu caansan "Laas Geel" oo ku taal meel u dhow [[Hargaysa]] taasoo lagu arkay darbiyada mid ka mid ah kuwii ugu horeeyay ee waxa darbiyada lagu sawiray ah qaaradda afrika. sidoo kale awaxaa la helay qoraallo ku hoos qoran sawirada ama darbiyada si guud laakiin Culimada Raadraaca uma suuta galin in ay aqoonsadaan sumadaha luqadaas ama qoraalladaas marka laga reebo.<ref>Susan M. Hassig, Zawiah Abdul Latif, ''Somalia'', (Marshall Cavendish: 2007), p.22</ref> Intii lagu jiray [[Casrigii dhagaxa]] waxaa soo baxay ilabaxnimo ka jirtay meela ku dhowdhow magaalada hargaysa. Sidoo kale waxaa la helay waxa ku tusaya meel qabuuro lagu sameeyay Janaaso ee geeska afrika taasoo laga helay Soomaaliya taasoo loo malaynayo taariikhdeeda afar kun sano CH. Sidoo kale waxaa qalab laga soo saaray meesha "Galiilow" ee taariikhiga ah woqooyiga Soomaaliya taasoo ah isku xiraha Bari iyo Galbeed intii lagu jiray qarniyadii ugu horeeyay ee dadka dhulka ugu soo horeeyay.<ref>Prehistoric Implements from Somaliland by H. W. Seton-Karr pg 183</ref> [[File:Mogadishustadium.jpg|thumb|195px|alt=cecafa International Stadium |cecafa international stadium]] == Qarniyadii hore iyo waagii Diiriye Guure == Baydka [[Gunbur|pyramidical]] dhismayaasha, [[ Mooshin|mausoleums]], magaalooyinkii baabba'ay, oo derbiyadeeda dhagax, sida [[Wargaade Wall|Wall Wargaade]], waa caddayn ilbaxnimada duug ah in hal mar soo halgamay ee Jasiiradda Soomaali.<ref name="Nthos">[https://books.google.com/?id=FlL2vE_qRQ8C Njoku Raphael Chijioke The History of Somalia ABC-CLIO, 29–31]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=RO4kS1IR71sC Dalal Roshen, The Illustrated Time History of the World, 2011, The Rosen Publishing Group, 131]</ref> Ilbaxnimadani waxay ku raaxaysatay xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd [[ Masar qadiimiga ah|Masar qadiimiga ah]] iyo [[ Mycenaean Griiga|Mycenaean Giriig]] ilaa qarnigii labaad ee sano ka hor, iyagoo taageeraya fikirka ah in Soomaaliya ama gobollada ku dhow ay ahaayeen meesha [[Dhul Udug|Dhulkii]] hore [[Dhulkii punt|ee Punt]]. <ref name="Nthos" /><ref>[https://books.google.com/?id=1E13DorsFMEC Abdel Monem A. H. Sayed|first=Zahi A. Hawass (ed.), Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty Century: Archaeology, 2003, American Univ in Cairo Press, P 432–433]</ref> Puntites waxay ka ganacsan jireen [[malmal]], udgoon, dahab, alwaax, lo'di gaaban, fool maroodi iyo [[Uunsi|frankincense oo ay]] la galeen Masriyiintii, Fenisiyiinta, Baabuloonkii, Hindiya, Shiinaha iyo Roomaaniya iyagoo adeegsanaya dekedohooda ganacsi. Safarkii Masaarida u diray [[Sideed iyo tobnaad Masar|Boqortooyada 18-aad ee]] Boqortooyada [[Hatshepsut]] ayaa lagu duubay macbudyada ku yaal [[Deir el-Bahari]], xilligii boqornimadii Boqorka Puntite Parahu iyo boqoradda Ati.<ref name="Nthos" /> Sanadkii 2015kii, falanqayn gaar ah oo ku saabsan tuugadii hore ee duullaanka Punt ee loo keenay Masar hadiyado ayaa muujinaya in muunadani ay u badan tahay inay ka soo jeedaan dhul ku yaal bariga Soomaaliya iyo dariiqa Eritrea iyo Ethiopia. The '''[[Dhulkii punt|Land of Punt]]''' ( [[Luqada Masaarida|Masri]] : ''pwnt'' ; [[Luqada Masaarida|akhrinta]] kale [[Luqada Masaarida|ee loo yaqaan ']] '''Egiptological''' [[Luqada Masaarida|akhrin']] '''Pwene''' ( '''t''' ) , ku dhawaaqida / pu: nt /) waxay ahayd boqortooyo qadiim ah. Lammaane uu ganacsi ee [[Masar]], waxaa lagu yaqaan soo saarka iyo dhoofinta [[Dahab|dahabka]], beduliyum Beeyada, blackwood, haabniim, foolka maroodiga iyo xayawaanka duurjoogta ah. Gobolka waxaa lagu yaqaanaa diiwaannada qadiimiga ah ee Masaarida ee socodsiinta ganacsiga.  Waa macquul inay u dhigantaa [[Opone]] [[Dhulbaxsinta Afrika|geeska Afrika]], oo markii dambe loo yaqaanay Gariiggii hore, halka qaar ka mid ah culimada Baybalka ay ku tilmaameen dhulka kitaabiga ah ee Put ama Havilah. Soomaliya qayb ka mid ah uu ahaa [[Soomaali magaalo-goboleedyada]] in ku hawlan shabakad ganacsi faa'iido badan xira [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] baayacmushtariyaasha la [[Phenicia|Foynike]], [[Boqortooyada Ptolemaic|Ptolemic Masar]], [[Giriiga|Greece]], [[Parthia|Parthian Faaris]], [[Reer Sabaay|Saba]], [[Nabataea]] iyo [[Boqortooyada Roomaanka]] . Badmaaxiinta Soomaaliyeed ayaa adeegsaday markabkii hore ee badda Soomaaliya ee loo yaqaan ' ''[[Beden|sariirta'<nowiki/>]]'' si ay xamuulkooda u qaadaan. <ref name="ReferenceA">Journal of African History pg.50 by John Donnelly Fage and Roland Anthony Oliver</ref> ''[[Beden|<nowiki/>]]'' <br /> ===Waagii Diiriye Guure iyo casrigii cusbaa boobkii afrika=== Ay sii hayo xilliga wasaayada Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya laakiin ay la socoto ilaalin caalami ah ee adag taasoo shuruud looga dhigay in Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya la siiyo xorriyad buuxda taban sano gudahood;<ref name = "Zolberg"/><ref name=Gates1999>Gates, Henry Louis, ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', (Oxford University Press: 1999), p.1749</ref> halka uu sii ahaanayo [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] maxmiyad Ingiriis ah ilaa laga gaaro [[1960]].<ref name=Tripodi1999>Tripodi, Paolo. ''The Colonial Legacy in Somalia'' p. 68 New York, 1999.</ref> Iyadoo ay jirtay haysashada Talyaaniga Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya kana haysata ogolaasho qaramada midoobay, laakiin xilligaas wasaayada waxay siisay soomaalida khibaradihii loo baahnaa iyo bisayl siyaasadeed iyo awood isxukun waana tusaale aya waayeen reer woqooyiga kuwaas oo markii dambe la midoobay koofurta. Iyadoo ay isku dayeen masuuliyiinta mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska bartamihii soddomeeyadii qarnigii tagay wax ka qabashada xaaladda horumarin la'aneed ee ka jirtay mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska ee Afrika, masuuliyiinta Ingriiska dhammaan isku dayadaas waxay ku dhamaatay fashil waxay sii ahaadeen mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska guud ahaan qaybta woqooyi ee Soomaaliya gaar ahaan kuwo isku mid ah marka laga hadlayo Siyaasadda Dhaqaalaha Bulshada taasoo noqon kartay mid saamayn jirta ku leh in badan oo caqabado ah taasoo soo if baxday markii la gaaray isku darka dalka oo hal maamul leh.<ref name=ChapinMetz>[http://countrystudies.us/somalia Helen Chapin Metz, ed. Somalia: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1992.]</ref> Waxaas oo dhan iyadoo ay dhaceen, Ingriisku wuxuu ku dhaqaaqay in uu culays ka soo saaro xulufadii kula jirtay dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka<ref name="Federal">Federal Research Division, ''Somalia: A Country Study'', (Kessinger Publishing, LLC: 2004), p.38</ref> in la siiyo meel gaar ah waa mid ka mid ah meelaha daaqsinka leh ee muhimka ah waxayna ahayd maxmiyad ay u saxiixday boqortooyada Ingiriiska lana saxiixatay Abasiiniya intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1884]] iyo [[1886]], ee gobolka [[Soomaali Galbeed]] oo ay degto Soomaalida Waxayna ka mid ahayd heshiisyo kale ay saxiixday Ingiriiska [[1897]] kaasoo dhigaya in lagu wareejiyo [[Itoobiya]] boqorkii Mililiq labaad taasoo oo uga badashay ciidamada Ingiriiska in laga caawiyo soo afjaridda iska caabinta kaga imaanaysa qabiillo Soomaaliyeed<ref name=Laitin1977>Laitin, David D., ''Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience'', (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), p.73</ref> billoowgii [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]]. Iyadoo ay jirtay in Ingiriisku ku daray shuruud ah in qabiilada reer guuraaga ah ee Soomaalida siiso isxukun laakiin Itoobiya isla markiiba waa ay qabsatay meelahaas،<ref name="Zolberg">Zolberg, Aristide R., et al., ''Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World'', (Oxford University Press: 1992), p.106</ref> Ingriiska wuxuu u soo bandhigay Itoobiya sanadii [[1956]] in uu ka iibsado dhulkii dhulkii uu horay ugu wareejiyay<ref name="Zolberg"/> laakiin dhandhiggaas waxaa lagala horyimid diidmo ah in aysan aqbali karin Itoobiya. Habkaas oo kale, Ingiriisku wuxuu ku wareejiyay <ref>Francis Vallat, ''First report on succession of states in respect of treaties: International Law Commission twenty-sixth session 6 May-26 July 1974'', (United Nations: 1974), p.20</ref> NFD {{En|Northern Frontier District}} taasoo ay degaan Soomaalida [[Kiinya]] waxayna dhegaha ka furaysatay aftidii horay looga qaaday gobolkaas taasoo cadaynaysay ku biirista Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya ee cusub.<ref>David D. Laitin, ''Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience'', (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), p.75</ref> Sanadii [[1958]], waxaa la sameeyay [[Jabuuti]] ee dariska ah, taasoo loo yaqiinay magaca ah Dhulka Faransiiska ee Soomaaliya waqtigaas, afti meesha ay aadayaan ah in ay Soomaaliya inteeda kale ku biiraan ama faransiiska uu sii hayo, natiijadiina waxay nqotay in uu faransiiska sii hayo uuna ilaaliyo. waxaana taa ugu wacnaa cafarta oo sidaa doonaysay, taasoo ah dadka ugu badan Jabuuti in ay sii hoos joogaan faransiiska waxaa sidaas oo kale dalbaday carabta iyo kuwii reer yurub ee deganaa dhulkaas ee la yimid isticmaarka. Laakiin inta kale ee asal ahaan soomaalida ah waxay rabeen midnimo soomaaliyeed si loo mideeyo dhulweynaha Soomaaliyeed ee lakala qaybiyay waxaana ugu cadcadaa "Maxamuud Xarbi" Raysulwasaare gudoomiye ku xigeenka golaga xukunka Soomaalida Faransa. waana Soomaali qabiilka Ciisaha, laakiin maxamuud xarbi waa la dilay aftida ka dib laba sano ka dibib burburkii diyaarad. Waxay [[Jabuuti]] ka qaadatay madax banaani [[Faransiiska]] sanadkii [[1977]] [[Xasan Guuleed Abtidoon]], wuxuu ahaa Soomaali ay taageeraysay Faransiiska, Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay ee jabuuti kaasoo xukumayay [[1977]] ilaa [[1991]].<ref name=Barrington2006>Barrington, Lowell, ''After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States'', (University of Michigan Press: 2006), p.115</ref> [[File:Mogadishu.png|thumb|right|195px|]] [[Juun|Juun]] sanadii [[1960]] waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhowaaqay [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] madax banaani ay siisay [[Boqortooyo|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] waxaa iyana shan maalmood ka dib qaatay madax banaanida [[Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya]],<ref>Encyclopaedia Britannica, ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica'', (Encyclopaedia Britannica: 2002), p.835</ref> isla maamintaas waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhowaaqay dhismaha dawlada Soomaaliyeed oo mid ah labada qaybood ee Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska waxaa taa ka horeeyay samaynta xuduudaha taasoo ay sameeyeen Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska. [[Cabdullaahi Ciise]] Maxamuud, Raysulwasaaraha Soomaaliya xilligii Ingiriisku haysatay ee u dhaxaysay [[1956]] iyo ilaa sanadkii [[1960]],<ref name="buluugleey.com">[http://www.buluugleey.com/warkiidanbe/Governance.htm The dawn of the Somali nation-state in 1960, Buluugleey.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htwin/articles/20060809.aspx The making of a Somalia state ;Strategypage.com 2006-08-09]</ref> Xukuumaddii ugu horaysay ee qaran soomaaliyeed (ku meel gaar), [[Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan|Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan (aadan cadde)]] madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay wuxuuna<ref>[http://www.mudulood.com/PageAadan%20Cabdulle%20Cusman.html Aden Abdullah Osman the founding father; Mudulood.com]</ref[http://www.mudulood.com/OpinionPage546.htm The founding father of Somalia Mudulood.com]</ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080223085204/http://www.markacadeey.com/june/aden_cadde_20070609_1.htm A tribute to the Somalia founding father, its president in 1960s; Markacadeey.com]</ref> C/rashiid Cali Sharmarke Raysulwasaare u doortay, kaasoo dib dambe noqday madaxweyne intii u dhaxaysay sanadii [[1967]] ilaa [[1969]]. [[Luuliyo|labaatankii luuliyo]] sanadii [[1961]] waxaa la qoray [[Dastuur]] Soomaaliyeed ee cusub kaasoo uu shacabka u codeeyay wuxuu ahaa nuqulkii ugu horeeyay ee dastuurka mid la qoray sanadii [[1960]].<ref>Greystone Press Staff, ''The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East'', (Greystone Press: 1967), p.338</ref> ===Dawladdii Hantiwaddaaga=== Waxaa sii socday dagaal beeleedyada iyo isfahan darrida u dhaxeyasa jufooyinka Soomaalida biloowgii midowga taasoo ka dhalatay raadidkii isticmaarka arrintaas oo jirtay xitaa intii uu jiray isticmaarka.<ref name="buluugleey.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=The making of Somalia, Somaliland, Somalilandtimes.net |url=http://www.somalilandtimes.net/2003/139/13904.shtml |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2019-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220232426/http://www.somalilandtimes.net/2003/139/13904.shtml |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928161509/http://www.radiobuuhoodle.com/goodgovernance.htm The beginning of the Somalia state Radiobuuhoodle.com 2009-02-25]</ref><ref>[http://media.maps.com/magellan/Images/SOMCLA-W2.gif Historical self-governing clan factors in present day Somalia]</ref> sandii [[1967]] wuxuu noqday Maxamed Xaaji IBraahin "Cigaal" Raysulwasaare waana xil uu u doortay C/rashiid Cali Sharmarke kaasoo Xilikas ahaa madaxweynaha dalka. Cigaal wuxuu dib ka noqday madaxweynaha [[Somaliland]] ee dhacda woqooyi galbeed Soomaaliya taasoo isku magacaawday dawlad madaxbanaan mana helin wax aqoonsi ah. Kadib dilkii Madaxweyne Cabdirashiid [[1969]] waxaa xukunka dalka la wareegay talis ciidan awoodii kula wareegay [[Inqilaab Ciidan]] saraakiisha kala ah [[Janaraal]] [[Salaad Gabayre Kadiye]] iyo [[Sarreeye Guuto]] [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre]] iyo taliyaha ciidanka booliska Jaamac Qoorsheel waxaa xukunka la wareegay Siyaad Barre halka uu noqday Qoorsheel raysulwasaare. Wuxuu sameeyay ciidanka Hantiwadaag barnaamijyo baahsan ee la howlgaliyay kooxo kuwaasoo u dhaqaaqay la dagaalanka wax qoris la'anta dalka waxaana si muuqada u kordhay wax qorista iyo aqrinta laba bilaabo 5% ilaa 55% bilowgii sideetameeyadii qarnigii tagay. Isqabqabsi dabadii waxaa la toogtay Gabayre. [[File:2016_04_Eid_Preparions-11_(27469932863).jpg|thumb|right|196px|]] [[Kalitalis]] Dawladdii Malatariga Soomaaliya luuliyo sanadii [[1976]] dhistay [[XHKS|Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed]] {{en|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}} kaasoo xukunka haystay laga soo bilaabo markii la sameeyay ilaa uu dhaco taliskii malatariga diseembar sanadii [[1990]] Jannaayo [[1991]], kaasoo ay awood u sheegteen ''Jabhadda Dimoqraadiga Badbaadinta Soomaaliyeed'' {{en|SSDF}} iyo ''Golaha Midnimada Soomaaliyeed'' {{en|United Somali Congress}} iyo ''Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaliyeed'' {{en|SNM}} Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaliyeed {{en|Somali Patriotic Movement}} marka lagu daro jabahadaha mucaaradka ah ''Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Dimoqraadiga Soomaliyeed'' {{en|Somali Democratic Movement}} iyo Isbahaysiga Dimoqraadiga Soomaaliyeed {{en|Somali Democratic Alliance}} ugu dambayn ''Kooxda Maanifesto'' {{en|Somali Manifesto Group}}. Sanadihii [[1977]] iyo [[1978]] Soomaaliya waxay duulaan ku qaaday [[Itoobiya]] iyadoo ku duulaysa magaca [[Dagaalkii xoraynta ogaden|Xoraynta Soomaaligalbeed]] taasoo ciidamada Soomaaliya ku dadaalayeen in ay dib u mideeyaan dhulalkii Soomaalida oo ay u arkaysay in isticmaarku qaybiyay siiyayana qaybo ka mid ah dalal kale si aan qax ahayn. Biloowgii hore, Soomaaliya waxay qaadatay dhabaha nabadda ah ee [[Diblumaasiyad]] dhamaan [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kiinya]] si loo helo xal nabad ah arrimaha la xiriira labada dhinac laakiin dadaalkii diblomaasiyadeed wuxuu ku dhamaaday fashil. Soomaaliya waxay samaysay islamarkaana u diyaar garoobaysa dagaal dhab ah iyadoo tijaabisay xal diblomaasiyadeed, dhisidda Jabhadda Xoraynta Soomaali Galbeed {{en|WSLF}} ama Western Somali Liberation Front, waxay ku dadaashay in ay u dhaqaaqdo soo celinta gobolka Soomaali galbeed si awood ah. Soomaaliya waxay u dhaqantay si gooni ah iyadoo aan ula laaban mujtamaca dunida ee aan ogolayn dib u xadaynta xuduudaha taasuu ka tagay isticmaarka, halka uu diiday [[Midowga Sofiyet]] iyo Isbahaysiga Waarso in ay Soomaaliya caawiyaan, iskaba daa in ay caawiyaane waxay ku dhaqaaqeen arrin lid ku ah taasoo ah in ay taageereen [[Itoobiya]]. Isla goortaas wuxuu isku dayay Midowgii Sofiyetiga kaasoo ah midka siiya labada dhinac hubka in uu dhexdhexaadiyo si loo helo xabad joojin u dhaxeysa labada dawladood. Ciidanka Soomaaliya waxaa u suurta gashay usbuucii ugu horeeyay ee dagaalka in ay isku fidiyaan bartamaha iyo koofurta gobolka, dagaalka intii uu socday ciidamada Soomaaliya waxay gaareen guulo waaweyn kana adkaadeen ciidmada Itoobiya wixii ciidamada Itoobiya ka haray waxay isku uruursadeed deegaanka Sidaamo. Sibteembar sanadii [[1977]] Soomaaliya waxaa u suuragashay qabsashada 90% ee gobolka waxaa kaloo u suurtoowday qabsashada magaalooyin istiraatiiji muhiim ah, sida magaalada Jigjiga sidoo kale wuxuu go'doomiyay magaalada Diridhabe Kaasoo hakiyay isu socodkii tariinada ka imaanayay [[Jabuuti]]. Kadib go'doomintii magaalada Harar wuxuu [[Midowga Sofiyet]] usoo jeestay taageero malatari taasoo la xiriirrta arrinta ka soo cusboonaatay geeska afrika, waxaa la diyaariyay 18,000 ciidamo ka imaanaya [[Kuuba|Kuubaan]] 2,000 iyo Yementa Koofureed iyadoo lagu daray 1,500 khubaro ka imanaysa Midowga Sofiyet haystana diyaarado iyo taangiyo Sofiyet ah. Hor istaagaas awoodaas ballaaran ciidanka Soomaaliya waxaa lagu qasbay dib u gurasho iyo in uu codsi u dirsado [[Maraykanka]]. Iyadoo uu nidaamkii [[Jimmy Carter]] isu diyaariyay garab siinta Soomaaliya dagaalka intii uu socday Sofiyetku si degdeg ah bay u caawiyeen Itoobiya waxaana laga baqay in uu sii xumaado xiriirka. sidaa daraadeed Maraykanka faraha ayuu ka qaaday in uu Soomaaliya caawiyo waxaa dibudhac ku yimid isbahaysigii uu ku lahaa maraykanku [[Bariga Dhexe]] iyo [[Asia]]. Biloowgii [[1978]], waxaa ku biloowday xukuumaddii Soomaaliya saamaynta luminta hanasho dhab ah arrimaha gobolka. Waxay sidoo kale muujiyeen inta badan shacabka Soomaaliyeed mid galay xaalad quus sababo la xiriira hoos imaanshaha ciidankii kali taliska waqti dheer iyadoo aan la gaaraynin wax horumar ah la taaban karo, waxaana arrinkaas xoojiyay dhamaadkii dagaalkii qaboobaa, waxay sidoo kale Itoobiya taageero siisay Jabhadihii ku kacsanaa Soomaaliya. [[File:Abdisalamomer1.png|thumb|right|195px|Abdi-Salam]] Sanadii [[1990]] waxaa la soo saaray sharci ka mamnuucaya gaar ahaan dadka degan [[Muqdisho]] in ay kulmaan saddex ama afar in kabadan. Waxaa dhammaan hareeyay hay'adaha dawladda shidaal yari sababtay joogsiga gaadiidka dadweynaha taasoo saamayn ku yeelatay danaha xukuumadda iyo qaybaha guud iyo kan gaarka ah. Waxaa ssidoo kale dhacday dhibaato la xiriirta [[Sicir Barar]] taasoo ay dhib ku qabeen gobolada kororka sicir bararka muuqda iyadoo ay shacabku awoodi waayeen helitaanka quutul daruuriga heer ay gaartay Baastadii talyaaniga ee caadiga ahayd xilligaas ilaa iyo Shan [[Dollar|Doollar]] kiiladii. halka uu gaaray qaadka [[Qaad|Jaadka]] kaasoo laga keeno [[Kiinya]] shan doollar Majintii. Waxaa qiime jab ku yimid shilinka Soomaaliga ilaa la gaaro heer shilimaadkii lagu daadiyo wadooyinka si ay kuwa haysta iskaga tuuraan halkii ay haysan lahaayeen taasoo u muuqatay in uusan lahayn wax faaiida ah ee la xusi karo. Waxaa sidoo kale soo if baxay [[Suuqa Madoow]] ee sarifka lacagaha qalaad taasoo ka dhalatay in aysan jirin socodsiinta lacagaha ee ku filan sarifka lacagaha qalaad taasoo ay bebersoto [[Shilin Soomaali|Shilinka Soomaaliga]]. Mugdigana wuxuu noqday mid ku baahay magaalada oo dhan marka la gaaro habeenkii taasina waxay ka timid dawladda oo iibisay dab dhaliyeyaashii korontada. Waxaa ajaanibta la dul dhigay waardiye adadag ilaa maa xilligii ay joogeen. Sidoo kale dawladda waxay soo saartay go'aano lagu hagaajinayo joojinta dal ka saarista, ama tahriibinta lacagaha ajnabiga ah. lama ogolayn adeegsiga lacagaha qalaad hab ka baxsan sharciga sida uu qabo marka laga reebo saddex hoteel oo ay maamusho dawladda. Waxaa sidoo kale mamnuuc aha sawir qaadis meelo badan iyadoo aysan muuqan wax cadayn kara in aan sawiro la qaadi karin ee ku saabsan safar iyo joogitaanka. Wixii ka dhacay Soomaaliya [[1988]] malaha waa ka sii foolxun. Markii Hargeysa la duqeeyay ayaa dadkii deganaa lagu khasbay inay qaxaan. Askarta ayaa markaas miinooyin ku aasay guryihii laga tagay. Markii uu dagaalku dhammaaday ayay qaxootigii dib u laabteen, balse waxaa lagu naafeeyay ama lagu dilay qaraxyo qarsoon.<ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20000508/Land-Mines-Weighing-the-Cost/ Land Mines—Weighing the Cost]</ref> ===Xasuuqii Isaaq ama Xasuuqii Somaliland=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Xasuuqi Isaaq|XasuuqiI Isaaq]]'' Awooddii akhlaaqeed ee dowladdii Maxamad Siyaad (jaale siyaad) si tartiib tartiib ah ayay u lumisay, iyadoo Soomaali badan ay ku hungoobeen nolosha xukunka militariga. Bartamihii 1980-meeyadii, dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo uu taageerayay maamulkii shuuciga ahaa ee Derg ee Itoobiya ayaa ka billowday waddanka oo dhan.jaale siyaad wuxuu kujawaabey isagoo amrey in talaabooyin ciqaab ah laga qaado kuwa uu u arko inay gudaha ka taageerayaan jabhadaha, gaar ahaan gobolada waqooyi. Qabqabashada waxaa ka mid ahaa in la duqeeyo magaalooyin, xarunta maamulka waqooyi-galbeed ee Hargeysa, oo ahayd xaruntii Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM), oo ka mid ahayd aagagga la bartilmaameedsaday 1988. Duqeyntan waxaa hoggaaminayey Jeneraal Maxamed Saciid Xersi Morgan, wiilka uu sodogga u yahay Barre. Sida laga soo xigtay Abou Jeng iyo aqoonyahanno kale, xukunkii taliskii jaale siyaad waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay cadaadis arxan darro ah oo lala beegsaday qabiilka Isaaq. Max’ed Xaaji Ingiriis iyo Chris Mullin waxay caddeeyeen in qabqabashadii maamulkii Maxamad siyaad ee ka dhanka ahaa Dhaqdhaqaaqii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee fadhigiisu ahaa Hargeysa lala beegsaday beelweynta Isaaq oo ay ka tirsan yihiin inta badan xubnihii SNM. Waxay ku tilmaamayaan isku haynta inay tahay xasuuqii Isaaq ama xasuuqii Hargeysa. Baaritaan ay sameysay Qaramada Midoobay ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay in dambiga xasuuqa uu ahaa "mid ay maleegtay, qorsheysay oo ay ka fulisay Dowlada Soomaaliya dadka Isaaqa". Tirada dadka rayidka ah ee ku waxyeeloobay waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inta udhaxeysa 50,000–100,000 sida laga soo xigtay ilo wareedyo kala duwan, halka wararka qaarna ay ku qiyaasayaan wadarta dhimashada dadka rayidka ah inay kor u dhaafeyso 200,000 oo rayid Isaaq ah. Dhimashooyinkaas, taliskii Barre wuxuu duqeeyey oo burburiyey magaalooyinka labaad iyo saddexaad ee ugu weyn Soomaaliya, Hargeysa iyo Burco siday u kala horreeyaan. Tani waxay u barakicisay dad lagu qiyaasey 400,000 oo dadka deegaanka ah oo u qaxay Hartasheikh ee dalka Itoobiya; shaqsiyaad kale oo gaaraya 400,000 ayaa iyaguna gudaha ku barakacay. Dagaalkii ka soo horjeedka ee taliskii Barre ee ka dhanka ahaa SNM wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday saldhigii rayidka ee kooxda mucaaradka, isaga oo isu beddelay xasuuq xasuuq ka dhan ah beesha Isaaq. Tani waxay horseeday fowdo iyo ololeyaal dagaal oo ay gaystaan ​​maleeshiyooyin kala jabay, ka dibna awooddii heer degmo la wareeray. Cadaadiskii maamulkii Barre kuma koobnayn Isaaqa oo keliya, maxaa yeelay wuxuu bartilmaameedsanayay qabaa’illada kale sida Hawiye. Taliskii Barre wuxuu burburay Janaayo 1991. Intaa kadib, markii xaalada siyaasadeed ee Somaliland xasiloonayd, dadkii barakacay waxay ku noqdeen guryahoodii, maleeshiyooyinkii waa laga daad gureeyay ama waxaa lagu daray ciidanka, tobanaan kun oo guri iyo meherado ahna dib ayaa looga soo dhisay burburka. ==Ismaaciil Mire== Ismaaciil Mire, oo abaanduulkii guud ka ahaa dawladda boqortooyada [[Diiriye Guure]], wuxuu ka qaybgalay dagaalaha oo dhan ee Daraawiishta ka qayb galay. Wuxuu u talin jirey colkii [[Shiikhyaale]]. Goobaha uu ka qayb galay waxaa ka mid ah, cagaarweyne, iyo dagaalkii Jigjiga, iyo dagaalki Beledweyne, iyo dagaalkii Berbera, iyo dagaalkii Dul Madobe, iyo dagaalkii Jidbaale, iyo dagaalkii Afbakayle iyo meelo kale. Wuxuu kale ka horjeestay dagaalaha ee shirqool ka jiri jirey, oo ka mid ah Canjeel, Gurdumi iyo qaar kale. 1920kii, Ismaaciil Mire waxaa lagu xidhay xabsi. ===Darwiishia iyo Qusuusi=== Qarnigii 19ka ilaa tobanaadka 1920gii, Dalka Soomaalka waxaa hoogaaminjirey dawladda Daraawiishta, oo si kale loo yaqaano Darwiishia. Darwiishia dawladeeda waxaa loo yaqaan jirey qusuusi ama khusuusi, ee waxaa ka mid ahaa shakhsiyaddan: {{columns-list|colwidth=35em| * [[Ismail Mire]] * [[Macalin Cagadhiig]] *[[Shire Canbool]], oo Dhulbahante ahaa *[[Cartan Boos]] oo Jamac Siyad ahaa *[[Afqarshe]], oo Adan-Naleeye ahaa *[[Dhowre]], oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Obsiiye Magan]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Aw Jaamac Seed Magan]] oo Cali-Geri aaha * [[Oogle Magan]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Muse Waranle]] oo Reer-Hagar ahaa *[[Haji Firhad]], fiqishini HabarGidir *[[Haji Sudi]], Isaaq Aadan Madoobe * [[Seeraar Shawe]] oo Jamac Siyaad ahaa * [[Nur Xiddig]] oo Wacays Adan ahaa * [[Xirsi Jeedlade]] oo Qayaad ahaa * [[Haji Mursal Aw Saacid]] oo Dhulbahante ahaa * [[Duale Ileeye]] oo Jamac Siyaad ahaa * [[Cismaan Boos]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Jama Lugay]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Aw Cabbas]] oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Abbas Aw Muse]], oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Hussein Ajuuraan]], oo Dhulbahante ahaa (oo loo naanaystay Agararan)<ref>http://www.kaiserscross.com/188001/536101.html</ref> * [[Ahmed Tage]], oo baharsame ahaa * [[Abshir Dhoore]], majeerteen ahaa * [[Nur Hashi]] warsangeli ahaa *[[Ismail Khaire]], warsangeli ahaa *[[Xooshdheere]], ali geri ahaa *[[Farah Dacay]], baharsame ahaa * [[Hirsi Akaal]], marehan ahaa }} [[File:Somlangbooks.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Bugaag Somali Lugad]] ===Burburka Dawladdii Hantiwaddaaga=== Waxaa dhacay sanadkii [[1991]] isbedel xididaystay nolosha siyaasadeed ee Soomaaliya. taasoo u suurta gashay ciidamo ka kooban beelaha dega waqooyiga iyo koofurta hubaysan oo taageera ka helaya [[Itoobiya]] in ay ridaan dawladdii Siad Barre Max'ed Siyaad Barre. Kulanno farabadan ee dhexmaray Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed [[SNM]] iyo odayaasha beelaha ree woqooyiga, waxa ku dhawaaqeen qaybta woqooyi ee Soomaaliya ([[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] horay loo oranjiray) in ay goosteen goosasho hal dhinac ah Soomaaliya inteeda kale iskuna magacaabay [[Somaliland|Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland]] ([[Ingiriis]]: ''Republic of Somaliland'') May 1991. Ka sokoow go'itaanka ay Somaliland goosatay iyo deganaashaha ay haysato markii loo eego koofurta way waysay aqoonsi heer caalami ah xitaa haba ahaatee Itoobiya.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1367554.stm Somaliland citizens ask to be recognised as a state, BBC News]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1361394.stm Somaliland votes for independence, BBC News]</ref> [[File:2012_01_12_MGD_Stadiums_a_(8394617014).jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Jannaayo sanadkii [[1991]] Waxaa doortay "Cali Mahdi Max'ed" koox soomaali ah una doorteen in uu noqdo madaxweyne ku meel gaar ah ee dalka ilaa laga gaaro shir qarameed kulmiyay dhammaan qaybaha ku lugta leh ee bishii xigtay Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti si dalka madaxweyne loo doorto. Laakiin doorashadii "Cali Mahdi Maxamed" waxaa si weyn uga horyimid biloowgii hore dhamaan Jen [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] gudoomiyihii ururka USC iyo C/raxman Tuur hogaamiyihii SNM. مtaasoo dhalisay kala qaybsanaan xagga siyaasadda ah ee u dhaxaysay USC iyo SNM, isku dhacyadii u dhexeeyay USC waxay burbur xoogleh gaarsiisay magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo meelaha ku dhow dhow. [[File:Elecmalpun.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Dagaalkii sokeeye wuxuu sabay, kaasoo wali raadkiisu muuqdo, burbur ku yimaada wax soosaarka beeraha iyo gaarsiinta cuno koofurta Soomaaliya waana sabata ugu weyn ee ka dhalisaya dagaalka dalka taasoo meelaha xasaasiga ay tartan ugu jiraan beelaha waxaa kaloo dheeraad ah qabsashada iyo meelaha leh ilaha dhaqaale iyo daaqa. Jemes Bayshb oo ahaa safiirkii ugu dambeeyay ee Soomaaliya wuxuu ku tilmaamay xaaladdii ka taagnayd iyo dagaaladii sokeeye halkaas mid ah "biyo ku dagaalan iyo meelaha daaqsinka sidoo kale xoolaha waxaa horay la isu adeegsan jiran [[Falaar|falaaro]] iyo [[Sayf|Sayfaf]] hadda waxaa la isu adeegsadaa [[Qoro|Boobe]]."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090309030719/http://hprsite.squarespace.com/remember-somalia-112007 |It is a competition that used to be fought out with arrows and sabers. Now it is fought out with AK-47s Hprsite.squarespace.com 2007-11-16]</ref> Wuxuu sababay dagaalkii sokeeye in ay dhacdo [[Gaajo]] taasoo salfatay ku dhowaad 300,000 Soomaali taasoo ku qasabtay [[Golaha Amniga Qaramada Midoobay]] in uu soo saaro qaraar kaasoo tilmaamaya xabad joojin sanadkii [[1992]] iyo dirista ciidamo ammaanka ilaaliya ee heer caalami ah waxaa soomaaliya ku soo hormaray (UNOSOM I) badbaadinta xaaladda biniaadamnimo ee dalka.<ref>[http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_20244.asp United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) 1992]. Australian War Memorial.</ref> Waxay ahayd adeegsiga awood ciidan marka loo eego ciidmada ammaanka mid ku kooban isdifaacid naftooda ah taasoo fursad siisay beelaha dirirsanaa in ay sika sii wataan dagaaladoodii hubaysnaa. Ka jawaabidda colaada sii baahaysa iyo burburka xaaladda Biniadamnimo ee ka jirtay Soomaaliya [[Maraykanka]] wuxuu diyaariyay xulufo ciidan ah oo heer caalami ah taasoo ahayd ujeedadeeda nabad ku soo dabaalidda kooforta Soomaaliya iyo xal u helidda xaaladda bini'adamnimo ee halkaas iyo fududaynta gaarista gargaarka biniadamnimo ee qaramada midoobay iyo dalalka deeqda bixiya. Waxay galeen xoogagga xulufada taasoo loo yaqiinay magaca {{En|Unified Task Force ama UNITAF}} diseembar dhexdeedii sanadii [[1992]] ee howlgalkii "Rajo soo celinta" sida uu qabay qaraarkii qaramada midoobay ee tirsigiisu ahaa 794. Waxaa u suurta galay ciidmadii caalamka ka yimid in ay dib u soo celiyaan nidaamkii iyo yaraynya baahidii taasoo dhib u keentay dalka ilaa ay ka baxaan ciidmada maraykanka maajo sanadkii [[1993]] waxaa lagu bedelay (UNOSOM II) ee [[Maajo|Afartii Maajo]] sida uu qabay qaraarkii ka soo baxay qaramada midoobay ee tirsigiisu ahaa 837 ee soo baxay [[Maarso|26 Marso]] isla sanadkaas. Dhanka kale wuxuu u arkay [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] ciidanka nabad ilaalinda ee caalamka in uu qatar ku yahay asiga iyo ciidankiisa wuxuuna siiyay amar maleeshiyo hubaysan in la weeraro saldhigyada ciidamada Pakistan ee ka howlgala Muqdisho taasoo ay ka dhalatay dhimashada 80 qof jinsiyada kala duwan ah ee ka tirsan ciidamada nabad ilaalinta, wuuna socday dagaalka ay ka dhintaan 19 ciidan maraykan ah iyo laba kale oo Pakistan ah iyo mid kale ee Maaliisiya u dhashay oo dhammaantood ah ciidamada nabad ilaalinta sidoo kale waxaa jirtay 1,000 qof ee ka mid ah maleeshiyada Soomaalida hubaysnaa intii u dhaxaysay saddexdii iyo afratii ee bishoo Oktoobar [[1993]] kaasoo taariikhdu ugu magac dartay dagaalkii "Dagaalkii Muqdisho" taasoo ku qasabtay qaramada midoobay howlgal "Gaashaan mida" ciidan ka kooban Maraykanka Masar Pakistan [[Maarso|saddexdii maarso]] sanadkii [[1995]], dabadeed Robert ogle ayaa ku dhawaaqay in aan dagaal toos ah lala gali doonin [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] laakiin la baal siibi doono taasoo macnaheedu ahaa in laga horkeeno saaxiibadii ilaaa uu markii dambe lagu dilay dagaal ay iskaga horyimideen qaar ay xulufo ahaayeen [[1996]] Waxay diiradda saareen [[Burcad Badeed|burcad badeeda soomaalida]] xeebaha Soomaaliya taasoo ka dhalatay burburka iyo maqnaashaha dawlad dhexe Kadib dagaalkii sokeeye,<ref>Biegon, Rubrick. Somali Piracy and the International Response 2009-01-29 Foreign Policy in Focus [http://www.fpif.org/articles/somali_piracy_and_the_international_response] retrieved 2010-02-08</ref> Dhibaatadaan waxay ka soo if baxday dekadaha ku yaal xeebaha Soomaaliya.<ref>Piracy Off Coast Not Only Criminal, But Very Successful, Security Council Hears, AllAfrica.com, retrieved February 8, 2010 [http://allafrica.com/stories/200911191008.html]</ref> Waxayna ka dhalatay ka dhiidhin ay ka dhiidhiyeen kalluumaysatada soomaaliyeed ee ka kalluumaysta xeebaha sida: Ayl, [[Kismaayo]], Xarardheere, Mareeg iyagoo weerar ku qaaday maraakiibta ajnabiga ah ee ka kalluumaysata badda soomaaliya khayraadka kalluunka ee biyo goboleedka markii uu burburay taliskii dhexe ee Soomaaliya,<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Tharoor, Ishaan. How Somalia’s fishermen became pirates. 2009-04-18 |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1892376,00.html |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2013-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826205905/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1892376,00.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/3061246/part_2/what-i-learned-from-the-somali-pirates.thtml Hartley, Aiden. What I learned from Somali pirates 2008]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Taasoo ay waayeen kalluumaysato badan waxa ay heli jireen. Sidoo kale, waxay tilmaameen qayb ka mid ah masuuliyiinta soomaalida howlaha burcad badeedka waxaa sii kiciyay [[Dhulgariir|Dhul Gariirkii Badweynata Hindiya]] taariikhdu marka ay ahayd 26 [[Diseembar]] ee sanadkii [[2004]], kaasoo sababay mowjadi [[Tsunami]] weyn burburisay in badan oo tuulooyinka ku yaal xeebaha iyo doomankoodii.<ref>Lehr, Peter and Lehmann, Henrick, Violence at Sea: Piracy in the Age of Global Terrorism, p. 3</ref> Qaar ka mid ah waxay leeyihiin howlaha burcad badeednimada Soomaaliya waa "howlo dhaqaale ee la maalgashado" ee dalka, waana "mid kaabta" dhaqaalaha [[Puntland]].<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/apr/10/piracy-somalia Lehr, Peter. Warships won't stop pirates. The Guardian 2009-04-10]</ref><ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2009/06/2009614125245860630.html Adow, Mohammed. The pirate kings of Puntland. Aljazeera. 2009-06-17, retrieved 2010-02-08]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7623329.stm Harper, Mary. Life in Somalia's pirate town BBC News 2008-09-18]</ref> Waxaa la rumaysanyahay in la soo iibsaday qiyaastii 25,000 50,000, [[Adoon]] ee Baantuu ah, [[Musanbiig]] iyo [[Tansaaniya]], intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1800]] ilaa [[1890]], dad soomaali ah suuqii [[Sansibaar]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111016024128/http://www.cal.org/co/bantu/somali_bantu.pdf The Somali Bantu: Their History and Culture 2018-12-05]</ref> Bantuuga soomalida waa ka duwantahay, jir ahaan, dhaqan ahaan, way iska joogeen iyakoo kala daadsan dalka ilaa la soo gaaro qarnigii sagaal iyo tobanaad ilaa iyo hadda.<ref>L. Randol Barker et al., ''Principles of Ambulatory Medicine'', 7 edition, (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 2006), p.633</ref> waxaa la rumaysanyahay in tirada Baantuuga Soomaaliya uu gaarayso 900,000 qof ka hor dagaalkii sokeeye,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3020110.stm Tanzania accepts Somali Bantus]". BBC News. June 25, 2004.</ref> waxaa laga yaabaa in ay isdhimeen, gaar ahaan maxaa yeelay 12,000 qaxooti ee ku sugan [[Maraykanka]] laga soo bilaabo [[2003]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090519140201/http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2003/February/20030205164125sellis@pd.state.gov0.5013697.html Somali-Bantu Refugees to Find New Lives in United States] America.gov. 02/05/2003.</ref> sidoo kale tanzaaniya oo siisay dhalasho qaar ka mid ah waxay ku laabteen dhulkii awoowe yaashood.<ref>[http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/UNHCR/8ad8ca67e1bba9703647c92f12b7db6d.htm Somali Bantus gain Tanzanian citizenship in their ancestral land]</ref> [[File:Mogadishu_city_centre_-_1960s.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Moqadishu 1960s]] Bartamihii sanadkii [[2011]] waxaa la waayay laba xilli raabaad ee isku xigay taasoo sababtay in ay dhacdo [[Abaar]] muddo 60 sano laga joogo. Waxaa isi soo tartay abaarta waxana ka dhashay in la waayo wax dalag ah xoolihii oo le'day sicir barar ku yimid biyaha shidaalka iyo cunada, waxay sabatay barakac wadareed ee koofur Soomaaliya taasoo keentay iska hor imaadyada hubaysan, xarumaha quudinta ee dawladaha dariska. bishii Juun ee snadkii 2011, Waxay ku dhawaaqday [[Qaramada Midoobay]] si rasmi ah in ay gaajo daran ka jirto koofurta Soomaaliya, wayna sii korortay ka dib markii ay hayireen kooxaha dagaalka waday si loo gaarsiiyo gargaar dadka halkaa ku tabaalaysan.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111102172007/http://www.africa-eu-partnership.org/node/2158 The worst drought in 60 years in Horn Africa, Africa and Europe in Partnership]</ref> dhanka kale, dawladda soomaaliya waxay dhistay hay'ad qaran ee gargaar, taasoo ka kooban wasiiro badan ku howlan fududayn saamaynta abaarta ay ku reebtay dadk,<ref>[http://www.raxanreeb.com/?p=102255 SOMALIA: Government names national drought committee] {{Wayback|url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/?p=102255 |date=20111109180731 }}. Raxanreeb.com (2011-07-04). Retrieved on 2011-12-15.</ref> == '''Un Tiroka''' - 706 == ==IMF % == '''0.03%''' ==Xubin== {{columns-list|colwidth=20em| * [[IGAD]] * [[IORA]] * [[ICSID]] * [[Comesa]] * [[CEN-SAD]] * [[Midowga Afrika]] * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] }} ==Waadanmaha degaan Somalis Peninsula== * {{Flag|Sudan}} 6,000+ * {{Flag|Syria}} 6,500+ * {{Flag|Yemen}} 14,000+ * {{Flag|Norway}} 200+ * {{Flag|Finland}} 200+ * {{Flag|United Kingdom}} 250+ == Siyaasadda == {{Dheeraad|Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} [[File:Prime minister mahdi gulaidh khadar.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Mahdi Gulaid]] Siyaasadda soomaaliya waxay soo martay isbedbedel badan. Intii uu socday [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|Dagaalkii sokeeye]] kaaso dhaliyay burbur farabadan dawladdii Hantiwadaag kadib 1990, [[Soomaalida]] waxaa loo sameeyay [[Dastuur]], [[Federaaliisim|Federaal]] ah iyo Maamul Goboleed kuwaas oo ku yimid qaabab kala duwan, waxaa samaysamay [[Somaliland]] taasoo sheegatay in ay tahay [[Dowlad madax banaan|dawlad madax banaan]] kana go'day Soomaaliya inteeda kale, shacabka Soomaaliyeed raalli kama noqon goosashada Gobolada [[Woqooyi]] ee Soomaaliya 1991. Waxaa sidoo kala samaysmay [[Puntland]] 1998 taasoo ay sameysteen beelaha dega Bari, Bugaal iyo woqooyiga Mudug, waxaa sidoo kale la sameeyay [[Galmudug]] 2010. Horraantii 2000 waxaa la soo dhisay dawlad ku meel gaar ah waxaana madaxweyne ka noqday. Dott [[Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xassan]] (TNG) waxaa ku xigtay dawladii Federaalka ku meelgaarka ahayd ee loo yaqiin (TFG) [[2004]] waxaana madaxweyne ka noqday [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]] taasoo dalka galisay burbur horle waxayna soo galisay dalka ciidamada [[Itoobiya]], [[Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga]] ayaa gobollada koonfurta iyo bartamaha Soomaaliya isku fidiyay taasoo ka caraysiisay [[Itoobiya]] una aragtay fusad ay kula dagaalami karto ficilada ay sameeyeen. Markii meesha laga saaray Maxaakiimta ayaa waxaa soo baxay kooxo la magacbaxay Muqaawamo kana aas aasamay magaalada [[Muqdisho]] intii ay socotay muqaawamada waxaa barbar socday wadahadal UN-ka loo maray kaasoo uu garwadeen ka ahaa Axmed Walad Cabadlla keentayna in laga saaro Itoobiya dalka Soomaaliya bartamihii sanadkii [[2009]]. Waxaa maxaakiimta ka farcamay kooxda [[Al-Shabaab]] taasoo dalka dhibaatadii ka jirtay sii murjisay, taasoo dagaal la gashay dawlad lagu soo dhisay dalka [[Jabuuti]] Madaxweyne ka ahaa [[Sheekh Shariif Axmed]] 2010-2011 dagaal ba'an ku dhexmaray magaalada muqdisho iyo nawaaxigeeda, Madaxweyne Shariif xoogaa rajo ah ayay soo celisay Dawladdiisii loogu magacdaray Midnimo Qaran dawladdaas oo muqdisho ka fogaysay qatartii Al-shabaab iyadoo gacan ka helaysa [[Amisom|AMISOM]] wuxuu diyaariyay doorasho aad loogu riyaaqay,<ref>[http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2013/01/16/260703.html الرئيس الصومالي السابق: من كرسي الرئاسة إلى الدراسة Al-arabiya, 16 Jan 2013]</ref> kaasoo xilka si nabad ah ugu wareejiyay madaxweyne [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]. Waxaana taa xigay dawladdii uu madaxweynaha ka ahaa [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] taasoo ku guulaysatay isu soo dhoweyn Soomaalida dhexdeeda ah iyo dastuurka oo loo hogaansamo. ==Qaanuunka== Soomaaliya waxaa ka jira saddex nidaam qaanuun oo kala gadisan, waa: Qaanuunka madaniga, [[Shareecada Islaamka]] iyo xoogaa qawaaniin ah oo ay leeyihiin beelaha waana dhaqan soo jireen ah waxaana loo yaqaan Xeer. ===Qaanuunka madaniga=== Iyadoo uu ku dhacay burbur balaaran kaasoo hareeyay nidaamka cadaaladda Soomaaliya ka dib burburkii dawladdii Hantiwadaag laakiin waxaa la isku dayay dib u habaynta iyo dhisidda nidaamka garsoorka Soomaaliya iyo howlgalintiisa dhanka maamul goboleedyada Soomaaliya sida [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Puntland]] kuwaas oo leh xukun hoosaad, laakiin dawladda dhexe waxay diyaarisay bu'da nidaamka garsoorka cusub. Iyadoo ay jirto kala duwanaasho siyaasadeed dhamaan meelahaas hadana waxay ku midaysanyihiin dhamaantood hal qaanuun kaasoo ah mid soo jiray ilaa iyo dawladdii Hantiwadaag isagoo qiraya:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120118151830/http://www.hdcentre.org/files/Somalia%20report.pdf Stateless Justice in Somalia, Dr Andre Le Sage, Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue]</ref> * Jirtaanka dastuur dabooli kara xukuno ku salaysan [[Shareecada Islaamka]] ama fiqiga iyo waxii ay culumada muslimiidta isku waafaqeen sidaa daraadeed xukunada ku salaysan diinta laguma dhaqmo marka laga reebo arrimaha madaniga sida Guurk,a Furriinka, Dhaxalka iyo arrimaha madaniga ah ee kale. * Dhowrista xuquuqul insaanka iyo dhammaan qaanuunada la xiriira. Sidoo kale dastuurka wuxuu damaanad qaadayaa madax bannaanida garsoorka waxaana ka masuul ah Guddiga Adeegga Garsoorka. * Dhismaha adeeg Garsoor oo ka kooban saddex qaybood waana: Maxkamadda Sare, Maxkamadda Racfaanka, iyo Maxkamadaha Gobolada. * In ay shaqeeyaan qawaaniintii la sameeyay ka hor Hantiwadaaga 1969. *qaanuunka madaniga ah wa mid soo jireen aha oo mudo dheer soo socday oo ilaa imka jira dhamaan dadka somlaiyeedna ayku dhaqmaan *somaalia waa waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa libaax waayay garab oo waraabayaal badani haleen *waxaa somalia ay iska difaaci kartaa cadawgeega marka ay usoo Hantiwadaag dad wax bartay oo aqoon sare leh oo laga ilaaliyo ubaxa soo kacaaya qabyaalada ===Shareecada=== [[File:Sa white sesame seeds.jpg|thumb|right|193px|Beeraha Somalia]] [[Shareecada Islaamka]] waxay ka gashay kaalin lama huraan ah nolosha mujtamaca Soomaaliyeed, waxayba ahayd shareecada tiirka aasaaska ah ee laga tusaale qaato qawaaniinta marka la qorayo dastuur ee ka mid ah dastuurodii hore kuwaas oo la sameeyay intii ay jirtay nolosha ku salaysan siyaasadda,<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic, Article 8, p.6 |url=http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2010-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215171406/http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> sidaa daraadeed howl kasta waxay ku salaysnayd shareecada gaar ahaan howlaha madaniga ah sida guurka, furriinka, dhaxalka iyo waxyaabaha la xiriira qoyska; laakiin arrimahaas waxbaa iska bedelay dagaalkii sokeeye dabadii iyadoo ay soo baxeen maxkamado shareecada islaamka taasoo ku faaftay magaalooyin farabadan iyo deegaano ka mid ah Soomaaliya. Waxay noqotay kaalinta maxaakimta islaamiga taasoo aan horay looga baran: * Soo rogista xukunno arrimo kala gadisan; Madani iyo Ciqaab. * Abaabulka maleeshiyo iyo ciidamo u xilsaaran qabashada dambiilayaasha iyo joojinta waxyaabaha qaanuunka ka baxsan. * Haynta maxaabiista ilaa uu xukun kaga dhaco inta laga xukumayo. Samaysanka maxaakimta shareecada kuwaas oo muuqda wax fudud laakiin sida dhabta ah waxay ka samaysanyihiin nidaam maamul kana kooban gudoomiyaha maxkamadda ku xigeenka gudoomiyaha iyo afar qaalli. kuma koobna holaha ciidanka soo gudbinta warbixinno taasoo ah arrinta ugu muhiimsan ee ka kaabaysa xukunada ee ka soo baxa maxkamadaha waxayba u gudbaan xallinta khilaafaadka inta ayasan u gudbin saldhigyada maxaakimta waxaa dheeraad ah dabagalka dambiilayaasha iyo kuwa qaanuunka ku xadgudba kadib maxkamadaha ayaa loo dhiibayaa ee ku shaqada leh dambiyada fudud si ay u sii hayaan. Sidoo kale maxaakimta shareecda waxay sameeyeen dhisidda guddi dhaqaale madaxa bannaan soona uruuriya canshuurta lagu soo rogay ganacsiga iyo guud ahaan goobaha ganacsiga iyo meel kasta oo ganacsi ah. Marso [[2009]] Xukuumaddii ku meelgaarka ahayd waxay ku dhawaaqday in [[Shareecada Islaamka]] tahay halka laga qaato sharciga iyo soo saarista xukunada iyo qawaaniinta dalka.<ref>[http://www.arabnews.com/?page=4&section=0&article=119757&d=1&m=3&y=2009 Shariah in Somalia] – Arab News</ref> ===Xeerka=== Qarniyo badan Soomaalidu waxay adeegsan jireen nidaam sharci ama qaanuun kaasoo ku tiirsan dhaqanka iyo xeerarka jufooyinka sharciyadaasa ama qaanuunkaasa waxay Soomaalidu u taqiinay magaca "Xeer"; waa waxa sida dastuurka oo kale ah ama wax u dhow cahdi kala gadisan qaanuun ahaan mana jirto wakaalad ama hay'ad ama jiho ka msul ah taasoo cadaynaysa waxa uu yahay qaynuunka la raacayo marka uu jiro xukun maxkamadeed, taasoo mar kasta loolala laabanayo maxkamadda xeer beegtida ama golaha jufada si loo xadido xukunka ku haboon iyo sidii loo fulin lahaa. ==Habka maamul== Wuxuu ku salaysanyahay qodobka 49aad ee dastuurka Soomaaliya. Gobol gooni isu taagi karaa ma jiri karo, inta uu Gobol kale uu kuu biirayo, Dowladda Federaalka Somalia ayaa maamulaysa waxaana waajib ku ah gobalkaas inuu ku biiro gobol kale ama dawlad xubin ka ah Dawladda Federaalka mudo labo sano gudahood. ===Magaalooyin=== {{Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya}} [[File:Aden_Abdullah_Airport.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Intii uusan dhicin dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya, waxay u qaybsanayd maamul ahaan 18 Gobol, bulburkii kadib waxaa soo baxay maamulo beeleedyo; waxay Soomaaliya ahayd ka hor 1969 intii uusan dhicin inqilaabkii dawladdii rayadka ahayd 8 Gobol oo kaliya, Hantiwadaaga wuxuu ka dhigay 18 gobol kuwaas oo kala ah: {{columns |width = 150px |gap = 10px |col1 = 1 [[Awdal]]<br/>2 Bakool<br/>3 [[Banaadir]]<br/>4 [[Bari]]<br/>5 Baay<br/>6 [[Galguduud]] |col2 = 7 [[Gedo]]<br/>8 Hiiraan<br/>9 [[Jubbada Dhexe]]<br/>10 [[Jubbada Hoose]]<br/>11 [[Mudug]]<br/>12 [[Nugaal]] |col3 = 13 [[Sanaag]]<br/>14 [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]]<br/>15 [[Shabeellaha Hoose]]<br/>16 [[Sool]]<br/>17 [[Togdheer]]<br/>18 [[Woqooyi Galbeed]]}} Waxaa samaysamay maamul beeleedyo ka dhashay dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya waxaana ka mid ah: Waqooyiga Soomaaliya oo ku dhawaaqan madax banaani hal dhinac ah: [[Somaliland]] taasoo ka dhigan saddex gobol sida [[Awdal]], [[Woqooyi Galbeed]], [[Togdheer]] iyo Qaybo ka mid ah [[Sool]] iyo [[Sanaag]] oo ay kula dagaalameen [[Puntland]]. Sidaa daraadeed [[Somaliland]] waxay gobolladii usii qaybisay: [[Awdal]], [[Cayn]], [[Gabiley]], [[Hawd]], [[Maroodi Jeex]], [[Oodwayne]] [[Salal]] iyo [[Saraar]]. Waxaa sidaas oo kale [[Puntland]] samaysay Gobollo iyadoo kaga dayatay [[Somaliland]] Kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Bari]], [[Gardafuuy]], [[Haylan]], [[Karkaar]], [[Mudug]] iyo [[Nugaal]]. Ka sokoow in ay samaysay Puntland hadana waxay aqoonsantahay Dastuurka Soomaaliya kaasoo dhigaya Soomaaliya in ay tahay 18 Gobol kaasoo waxba kama jiraan ka dhigaya gobollada ay magacaawday. ===Habka maamul gobolleedyada=== Habka Federaalka ee lagu muransanyahay Soomaaliya wuxuu dalka u qaybiyay sidaan soo socota: * {{Flag|Soomaaliya}} wuxuu federaalka u qaybiyay. * [[Puntland]] * [[Galmudug]] * [[Somaliland]] * [[Khaatumo state]] * [[Jubaland]] * Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya * Hiiraan iyo Shabeellaha dhexe Qodobka 49aad ee Dastuurka Soomaaliya wuxuu qorayaa 2 gobol iyo wixii ka badan baa samayn kara Maamul ka tirsan Dawladda Soomaaliya, waxay durbadiiba ka dhalatay caqabad ku aadan xuduudaha maamullada. ==Juqraafiga iyo cimilada== Soomaaliya waxay dhacdaa bariga fog ee qaaradda afrika taasoo u muuqaal eg qaabka ay u samaysanyahay geeska [[Wayil|wayiyisha]] kaasoo ku badan qaaradda afrika sidaa daraadeed waxaa loogu magacdaray [[Geeska Afrika|geeska afrika]]. waxay soomaaliya ku fidsantahay inta u dhaxeysa loolka 10 waqooyi dhigta 49 bari. wuxuu gaarayaa bedka Soomaaliya 637,657 kiiloomitir iskuwareeg ah waxaa ka mid ah 10,320 kiiloomitir iskuwareeg ah waxay biyaha ka hayaan ilaa 1.6% ee bedeka guud ee dalka waxay waxyar uun ka yartahay gobolka [[Texas]] ee maraykanka. Sidoo kale waxay Soomaaliya leedahay xuduud barri ah oo dhererkeedu gaaraya 2,340 km ee kala berta dhammaan [[Jabuuti]] masaafo dhan 58 kiiloometer, [[Itoobiya]] masaafo dhan 1,600 kiiloomiter iyo [[Kiinya]] masaafo dhan 682 km, sidaa daraadeed Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer guud ahaan qaaradda Afrika, iyadoo gaareesya xeebta Soomaaliya dhererkeeda 3,025 kiiloomitir; dhul badeedka Soomaaliya wuxuu gaarayaa ilaa 200 [[Mayl]] Bad gudaha [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. {{Infobox Weather |metric_first= Yes |single_line= Yes |location =[[Soomaaliya]] |lixkor/Jan_Hi_°C =30 |Feb_Hi_°C =30 |Mar_Hi_°C =40 |Apr_Hi_°C =40 |May_Hi_°C =40 |Jun_Hi_°C =40 |Jul_Hi_°C =40 |Aug_Hi_°C =30 |Sep_Hi_°C =30 |Oct_Hi_°C =30 |Nov_Hi_°C =30 |Dec_Hi_°C =30 |Year_Hi_°C =30 |Jan_Lo_°C =15 |Feb_Lo_°C =15 |Mar_Lo_°C =15 |Apr_Lo_°C =15 |May_Lo_°C =15 |Jun_Lo_°C =15 |Jul_Lo_°C =15 |Aug_Lo_°C =15 |Sep_Lo_°C =15 |Oct_Lo_°C =15 |Nov_Lo_°C =15 |Dec_Lo_°C =0 |Year_Lo_°C =15 |Jan_Precip_mm =40 |Feb_Precip_mm =40 |Mar_Precip_mm =40 |Apr_Precip_mm =40 |May_Precip_mm =40 |Jun_Precip_mm =40 |Jul_Precip_mm =50 |Aug_Precip_mm =50 |Sep_Precip_mm =40 |Oct_Precip_mm =40 |Nov_Precip_mm =40 |Dec_Precip_mm =40 |Year_Precip_mm =500 |source = Daraasaad lagu sameeyey - Soomaaliya<ref>[http://countrystudies.us/somalia/34.htm|publisher Countrystudies.us Somalia - Climate 04]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |accessdate = 2009-11-04 }} ==Caafimaadka== Waxaa lagua tiriyaa dhibatada caafimaadka la xiriirta ee dhalmada Soomaaliya kuwa ugu muhimsan caqabadaha iyo dhibaatada ee horyaala ururada caafimaadka ka shaqeeya Soomaaliya sida [[UNICEF]]. waxaana caqabadahaas ugu waaweyn kororka saamiga dhimashada ee haweenka xilliga dhalmada sidoo kale koroka saamiga dhimashada caruurta dhawaan dhaladka ah sababo badan awgeed waxaana ka mid ah engaga neef mareenka iyo [[Malaariyo|malaariyada]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171115191540/https://www.unicef.org/somalia/health.html UNICEF Somalia - Health - Issue 2018-12-05]</ref> ==Waxbarashada== Wasaaradda Waxbarashada iyo Barbaarinta waa hay'adda kaliya ee rasmiga Soomaaliya u qaabishan habaynta socodsiinta waxbarashada dalka, waxay ka faaiidaysaa wasaaradda saami dhan 15% guud ahaan bixinata miisaaniyadda dawladda taasoo loogu talo galay tacliinta. Tacliintu Waxay noqotay mid muhiim u aha dawlad goboleedyada ama Soomaaliya ha ahaatee ama maamul goboleedyada leh madax banaanida gaarka ah, sanadkii [[2006]] waxay noqotay [[Puntland]] meesha labaad ee Soomaaliya marka laga yimaado [[Somaliland]], taasoo ka dhigtay tacliinta aasaasiga ah mid lacag la'an ah halka ay macalimiinta ka qaatada gunadooda bisha maamulka si toos ah.<ref>[http://www.afrol.com/articles/16083 Staff writer Puntland (Somalia) to introduce free primary schools Afrol News 2006]</ref> Sanadii [[2007]] waxaa batay tirada dugsiyada hoose ee soomaaliya 600 dugsi intii uusan dhicin dagaalkii sokeeye ila iyo 1,172 dugsi iyadoo uu kordhay qadar saami dhan 28% wadarta guud ee tirada ardada heerka hoose.<ref name="Basic education survey">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090205150949/http://education.puntlandgovt.com/BES_presentation2007.pdf Basic education survey]</ref> ==Dhaqaalaha== Asigoo socda dagaalkii sokeeye Soomaaliya waxaa u suuro gashay dhisidda dhaqaale soo koraya sanadihii u dambeeyay kuna tiirsan xoolha nool shirakada xawilaada lacagta iyo shirkadaha isgaarsiinta;<ref name="CIA2008"/> daraasad uu ku sameeyay [[Bankiga Aduunka]] sanadkii [[2003]] dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya waxay muujinaysaa koritaanka qaybaha gaarka ah qaab la arki karo gaar ahaan Ganacsiga iyo Xawilaadaha lacagta iyo adeega aasaasiga ah sidaa daraadeed waxay gaartay in ay ku hormarto qaybaha muhimka ah sida xoolaha beeraha iyo kalluumaysiga,<ref name="world bank 2003">[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/03/25/000112742_20040325090551/Rendered/PDF/282760Somalia0Country0reengagement0note.pdf Country Re-Engagement Note]</ref> sida ay muujisay daraasadda ay soo saartay qaramada midoobay sanadkii [[2007]] koritaanka qaybaha adeegyada<ref name="irin">[http://www.irinnews.org/country.aspx?CountryCode=SO&RegionCode=HOA The Somali Democratic Republic UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]</ref> aqoonyahanka [[Anthroboloji|Anthroboloji]] Spencer Heath McCallum ku saleeyay shuruucda beelaha soomaaliyeed "Xeer" asaas ahaan kaasoo suura galiyay beeyad ku wanaagsan dhaqaalaha si looga wada faaiideysto una wanaagsanaato danaha mashaariic dhaqaale.<ref>[http://mises.org/story/2701 The Rule of Law without the State, Somalia]</ref> Qaybta Beeraha waxaa lagu tiriyaa qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee xagga dhaqaalaha ee dalka iyadoo ah marka lagu daro xoolaha 40% [[Wax soo saar|wax soo saarka dadka]] ee soomaaliya kaasoo ah 65% guud ahaan waxyaabaha ka soo xarooda dhoofinta;<ref name="CIA2008">{{Cite web |ciwaan=CIA - The World Factbook - Somalia (2008) |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html#Econ |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2016-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html#Econ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> marka dhinac la iska dhigo wax soo saarka beeraha iyo hilibka la qalay ama asigoo nool taasoo ay dhoofiso Soomaaliya waxay kale oo ay dhoofisaa [[Kaluun|kaluunka]], [[Dhuxul|dhuxusha]], [[Moos|mooska]], [[Liin|liinta]], [[Galley|Galleyda]], [[Hadhuudh|masago]] dhammaantood waa wax soo saarka gudaha.<ref name="CIA2008"/> Arrinta ku saabsan dhoofinta xoolaha waxay soomaaliya dhoofisay 3 malyan oo xoolo nool ah sanadii [[1999]] waxaana laga dhoofiyay dekadaha [[Boosaaso]] iyo [[Berbera|berbera]] waxaa la dhoofiyay 95% guud ahaan orgida 52% iyo Wanan kuwaas oo laga dhoofiyay Bari afrika guud ahaan. Waxay dhoofisaa [[Somaliland]] sanadkiiba ku dhawaad 180 malyan tan oo xoolo ah marka lagu daro ilaa 480 malyan oo tan wax soo saarka beeraha. Sidaa daraadeed Soomaaliya waxay ku jirtaa suuqgeeyaha ugu weyn [[Lubaan|luubaan]] iyo [[Malmal|malmasha]] guud ahaan aduunka.<ref name="improvement">[http://www.independent.org/pdf/working_papers/64_somalia.pdf Somalia After State Collapse: Chaos or Improvement? Benjamin Powell, Ryan Ford, Alex Nowrasteh November 30, 2006]</ref> [[file:Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154.jpg|thumb|250px|waxaa jira tiro badan shirkadaha duulimaadyada gaarka ah taasoo taasoo hogaaminayasa dagaal xagga dhimista sicirka si ay u hesho tiro badan oo duulumaadyo ah si shirkadaha kale meesha uga saarto.]] Laakiin qaybta warshadaha waxaa ka jirta dhibaato la xiriirta dagaalkii sokeeye oo ku dhisan gasacaynta iyo diyaarinta wax soosaarka beeraha si looga dhigo wax la dhoofin karo, qaybta warshadaha ma dhaafsana 10% wax soo saarka guud ee gudha. Marka laga tago ku tiirsanaanta wax soo saarka beeraha waxaa biloowday qayba ka mid ah wax soo saarka warshadaha horumar ay sameeynayaan, tusaale ahaan waxaa jira shirkado taasoo hogaanka u haysa dagaal ah dhimista sicirka si ay u hesho duulimaadyo badan taasoo meesha ka saaraysa shirkadaha tabarta daran.<ref name = "WB2005-03-18">[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/SOMALIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20398872~menuPK:367671~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:367665,00.html Africa Open for Business The World Bank]</ref> Waxaa kaloo jira qaybo howlo tasoo korriin laga dareemaya taasoo ah mid ay ku tiirsanyihiin shacabka Soomaaliyeed ee dibadda jira sida shirkadaha taleefoonada mobilada iyo xarumaha idaacadaha gaarka loo leeyahay Maqayadaha internetka waxaa sidoo kale jira [[Koka koola]] ee caalami ah taasoo ku tusaysa taasoo ay ku kalsoon yihiin shirkadaha caalamiga ah marka la eego maalgashiga ee hadda Soomaaliya.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3865595.stm Ferrett Grant Coca-Cola Makes Somalia Return BBC News 2004]</ref> Sidaas daraadeed waxaa lagu tiriyaa shikadaha xawilaadda qaybaha ugu badan ganacsiga ee hadda jira, kuwaas oo sameeya ku shubista in ku dhow 2 Bilyan doollar sanadkiiba dalka gudihiisa iyagoo soo mariya xawilaadaha dibadda ee soomaalida dibadda<ref name="CIA2008"/> waxaana lagu tiriyaa shirkadaha aadka ugu dhaqdhaqaa badan qaybtaan shirkadahaan ma sameeyaan qaadista lacagta si xawilladaha khaashka ah waxaa ku xiran shirkaadaas shirkadda "Dahabshiil" oo xarunteedu tahay [[Hargaysa]] kuwaasoo ay ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan 1,000 soomaali waxay leedahay 40 laanmo dhamaan caalamka waxaa ka mid ah laanta [[Dubay]] iyo [[London]].<ref name="Forbes">[http://www.forbescustom.com/EmergingMarketsPgs/AbdirashidDualeInterviewP1.html Freeing Finance: If money makes the world go round, Dahabshiil CEO Abdirashid Duale makes sure it goes to the right people]</ref> Sida ay muujiyeen shirkado maraykan iyo shiine ah si isku mid ah inuu jiro dano muuqda ee ku saabsan macdanta ku jurta soomaaliya gaar ahaan soo saarista shidaalka waxaana taa cadeeyay shirkadda lagu magacaabo ''Range Resources'' ee maraykanka ah jiritaanka kayd badan oo shidaal ah dhulks maamul goboleedka [[Puntland]] lagu qiyaasan shan ilaa toban bilyan oo fuusto ee saliidda ceeriinka ah.<ref>[http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ Exploration rights in Somalia for Chinese oil giant CNOOC Oilmarketer.co.uk 2009-02-25]</ref> ==Isgaarsiinta iyo warbaahinta== Waxaa sii kordhayay tobankii sano ee u danbaysay tiro badan Wargaysyada xarumaha Idaacadaha iyo Talefishinada kuwaas oo aan ku ekayn oo kaliya caasimadda, laakiin u gudbay magaalooyinka waaweyn. kuwaas oo qabsaday warbaahinta. kuma eka oo kaliya warbaahinta waxyba gaartay isgaarsiinta xarigga dhulka iyo midda xarig la' iyadoo ay korotay adeegsedeyaasha [[Internet]]ka shan sano gudaheed intii u dhaxeeysay [[2002]] iyo [[2007]] qiyaastii 44,900% iyadoo gaartay heerkii ugu sareeyay koritaanka afrika abid.<ref>[http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats1.htm#africa Internet Usage Statistics for Africa, Internetworldstats.com]</ref> Iyadoo ay ka wada hadlayaan shirkadaha guud ee ka shaqeeya [[Macluumaadka Teknolojiyadda]] suuq ka kooban nus malyan adeegsade internet. waxaa hadda laga helaa Soomaaliya 22 [[Bixiyaha Adeegga Internet]] waxaa dheeraad ah ilaa 234 [[Maqaayad Internet]] oo dalka ku faafsan taasoo sanadkiiba ku guulaysatay gaarsiinta 15.6%. waxaana hadda la suurta-galiyay isgaarsiin Internet ah dhanka [[Dayax Gacmeed]]ka gaar ahaan meelaha fogfog taas oo aan lahayn [[Codsi Talefon|Khad taleefan]] ama shabkad xarig la' ah. Waxay ka mid ah [[Qaramada Midoobay]] ama [[NGO|Heeyadaha aan dawliga ahayn]] Hay'adaha maaliyadda gaar ahaan shirkadaha xawila lacagta iyo maqaayadaha internetka waa kuwa ugu badan adeesiga shabakadda caarcaarada Internetka ee dalka. Waxaa lagu tiriyaa qaybta [[Codsi Talefon|Isgaarsiinta Talefonka]] ee internetka kuwa ugu badanq qayb ahaan koritaanka marka loo eego dhamaan qaaradda isla goobta iyadoo koraysa tirada [[Talefon Guri]] kuwaasoo sanadkii gaari kara 12.5% (hadda waxaa la helaa 100,000 khad talefon guri) markii la barbar dhigo dawladaha kale ee dhaca geeska afrika gaar ahaan bariga afrika si guud kuwaas oo dhib ku qaba xiridda khadka talefonka guriga sabab ka dhalatay burburin ulakac ah sicir barar ku yimid fiilooyinka maarta ah ee loo adeegsado galinta taleefonada dhulka. Waxaa xusid mudan gaarsiinta khad dhulka ah ee kuwa cusub ah ee cusub waxay qaadanaysaa saddex maalmood oo kaliya Soomaaliya laakiin waxay gaari kartaa sanado dheer dalka dariska la ah ee lagu magacaabo [[Kiinya]]. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa qaybta isgaarsiinta ee xariga dhulka ah dalka waa qaybaha ugu wanaagsan marka loo eego qaarada Afrika kuwaas oo ay bixiyaan shirkado badan soona gudbiya adeeg heer sare ah waxaa ka mid ah la hadalka dibadda adigoo bixinaya 10 doollar oo kaliya, waxaa taa dheer Isgaarsiin xarig la' tasoo ay korortay koror aad u weyn tirada haysata ee shirkadaha adeega bixinta taleefonada xarig la' kaasoo gaaray 627,000 adeegsade. ==Ciidanka== Ciidanka somaliya waa kuwa igu awooda badan afrika waxa ayna la dagaalameen ciidankii itoobiya 1977 waxaan guuleestay ciidanka somaliya somaliya ciidankeeda wexee Ku bixisaa dakhli dhan 50 bilyan oo doolar waana ciida Ka daagalimi Kara cimila walba qaboow iyo kulee {{flag|Somalia}} Somalis 🇸🇴♥️♥️♥️♥️.!!` ==Beeyada== Soomaaliya waxaa hareeyay cimilo kulul oomane ah, halka uu gaarayo roobka da'a inta u dhexeysa sanadkiiba 10 20 iyo [[Inji]] halka ayna ka badnayn dhulka la beeri karo 2% bedka guud ee Soomaaliya, dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa mid ku reebay raad xun Kaymaha, waxaa la jaray in badan oo geedahaas ah ujeedaduna waxay ahayd [[Dhuxul]] taas oo sababtay [[Abaar|abaar]]. Dawladdii Hantiwadaaga waxay samaysay qorshe ballaaran ee ah beerista dhir guud ahaan jamhuuriyadda taas oo loola jeeday '''Bacaad celin''' iyo ka hortagga saxaraha. waxaana la aas'aasay markii ugu horaysay hay'adda beeyada ee soomaaliya xilligii Hantiwadaaga taasoo loogu magac-daray "ECOTERRA Somalia" ee raacsan "Golaha Beeyada Soomaaliya" taasoo gacan ka gaysatay wacyi galint ku saabsan beeyada waxay kaloo samaysay dhaqaajinta barnaamijkii beeyada dhammaan qaybaha xukuumadda sidoo kale heeyadaha bulshada rayadka ah sidoo kale waxaa la aas'aasay "xarunta cilimi baarista iyo la socodka iyo dhowrista nolosha barriga" iyadoo loo marayo heeyada "ECOTERRA" caalamiga ah sanadkii [[1986]], waxaa faaiidadeeda la arkay [[1989]] halka ay ogolaadeen xisbiyada dalka xukuumadda dhammaan saxiixa xukuumadda soomaaliya heshiis "manuuciaya ka ganacsiga nuucyada sii baaba'ya" (CITES) taasoo waxaa markii ugu horreysay la mamnuucay ka ganacsiga [[Ilik|faanta]] [[Maroodi|maroodiga]]. Waxaa taa la socday u dhaq-dhaqaaqda iyo abaal marinta goldman ee beeyada {{en|Goldman Environmental Prize}} Faaduma Jibriil olo-oleynta bulshada ee ku wajahnayd ku wacyi galinta beeyada waxayna ka soo biloowday magaaladii ay ku dhalatay iyadoo isku duba riday guddiyo ilaaliya nolosha barriga xeebaha, waxay kaloo tababartay kuwaas oo u howl gali doona ilaalinta beeyada gaar ahaan meelaha dhuxuusha laga gubo. ==Dadka== Waxa uu gaarayaa dadka [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliya]] dega ilaa 12,832,017 qof, waana tiro aan la hubin waxaana la xisaabsada tirada dadka tii ay samaysay dawladdii Hantiwadaaga [[1975]], waxaa kale oo jira trakoob soo baxay [[2015]] oo qiyaas ah kaas oo ay soo bandhigtay Wasaarada Qorshaynta Soomaaliya waxaana lagu sheegay 12,316,895 qof suurtagal maaha in la ogaado tirakoobka rasmiga ah ee hadda taasoo ay sababtu tahay mujtamaca soomaaliyeed oo u badan [[Reer guuraa]] sidoo kale tira badan oo barakacayaal ah kuwaas oo ka cararay baahi ama dagaal sokeeye, sidoo kale waxaa kordhay tirada ku maqan qurbaha dagaalkii sokeeye dabadii taasoo hadana sabatay in ay dalka ka cararaan aqoonyahanadii soomaaliyeed una cararaan [[Bariga Dhexe]], [[Yurub]] iyo [[Woqooyiga Ameerika]]. Sinjiga ugu badan, oo ah 85% waa [[Soomaali]] iyadoo aay jiraan sinjiyo kale oo isku dardar ah kuwaas oo gaaraya 15%, waxaa ka mid ah: Baantuuga Gibilcadka Barawaani Baajuun, [[Hindi]], [[Iiraan]] waxaa kaloo jira kuwo ay dhaleen isticmaarka xilligii gumaysiga talyaaniga kuwaas oo lagu magacaabo Misyooni oo gaaraya 30 kun oo qof waxaa jiri kara dadyoow kale ee aan Soomaali ahayn oo iska tagay markii xoriyadda la qaatay [[1960]] horayna u raacan isticmaarkii. ==Luqadda== [[File:R.publication Somali language.jpg|thumb|center|196px|Daabacadaha [[Af Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]]<ref> '''[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/ Buugag iyo Qormo Dhigashada… (Jw.org)] '''</ref>]] [[Af-Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]] waa Afka rasmiga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya waana Af-soomaaliga ([[Maay]] iyo [[Maxaa tiri]]), waa mid ka mid ah afafka [[Luqadaha Kushiitiga|Kushiitiga]] taasoo ah mid raacsan laan ka mid ah laamaheeda [[Afro-Aasiyatik|Afrika Aasiya]], kuwa ugu dhow Af-Soomaaliga waa Af-Cafarta taasoo looga hadlo [[Itoobiya]], [[Eratareya]] iyo [[Jabuuti]], sidoo kale [[Oramada]] taasoo iyana looga hadlo [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kiinya]]. Af-Soomaaligu waa tan ugu badan Afafka Kushitiga loogu qorista badanyahay sideedaba,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200327170337/http://www.springerlink.com/content/b14r67j54k377r7g/ A software tool for research in linguistics and lexicography: Application to Somali 2018-12-05]</ref> Waxaa jirtay daraasad cilmiyeed ku saabsan [[Af-Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]] kana horaysay 1900. ==Diinta== Muddaddii qadiimiga, Soomaalidda waxay ku baraarugsanaan jiray diinta [[Waaqiya]], laakin maanta, marka laga reebo in yar oo ka mid ah [[Soomaalida|shacabka soomaaliyeed]] dhammaantood waxay haystaam [[Islaam|islaamka]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061214023655/http://www.mepc.org/workshops/popstat.asp Middle East Policy Council - Muslim Populations Worldwide 2018-12-05]</ref> badankood waa [[Ahlu sunno waljamaaca|sunno]] kuwaas oo haysta [[Madhabo|madhabka]] shaaficiyadda ]'<ref name="Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi">Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi, ''Culture and Customs of Somalia'', (Greenwood Press: 2001), p.1</ref> wuxaa lagu tilmaamaya dastuurka soomaaliya in ay diinta islaamku tahay diinta kaliya ee dalka ka jiri karta, shareecada islaamkuna tahay asalka. ==Ciidaha iyo fasaxyada rasmiga ah== {{Ciidaha Soomaaliya}} ==Dhaqanka== Soomaalidu waxay ku abtirsataa dhaqan fac weyn oo xeerar iyo qawaaniintiisa leh. Marka aad culuuntan dhaqanka qaarkood dhegeysato waxaad garan karaysaa baaxadda dhaqan cilmiyeysan ay laahaayeen Soomaalidii hore. Dhaqanka soomaaliyeed wuxuu isugu jiraa caadooyin waxyaabo la soo wariyay dhaqankaas oo ku kaydsan maskaxda waayeelka soomaaliyeed taasoo casriyo hore lagu dhaqmi jiray dhaqamada gudaha iyo dhaqamada dawlado kale keeneen soomaaliya waa mid ku salaysan taariikh sida [[Itoobiya]] [[Kiinya]], [[Yemen]] ,[[Hindiya]] iyo [[Iiraan]]. ===Miyuusigga=== Soomaaliya waxay uga duwantahay dunida inteeda kale iyadoo ah mid ka mid ah dawladaha Afrika taasoo shacabkeedu ka koobanyahay hal qomiyad waana [[Soomaali]] taasoo ka dhigtay in ay ka midaysan yihiin naaxiyadda muusikada guud ahaan dalka waana waxa ka caawiyay faafinta kooxada muusikada soomaaliyeed oo ay ka mid tahay kooxda "Waabari" iyo "Horseed" meela ka baxsan Soomaaliya qaar ka mid ah ayaa sameeyay laxan heesaa soomaaliyeed sida "[[Maryan Mursal]]" iyagdoo musikadii Soomaaliyeed qaybo kale oo reer galbeed ku dhexdartay. ===Fanka=== * Fanka soomaalida wuxuu u qaysanyahay: * Fan shaxaneed, sida farshaxanka – Sawirka – Far-guri – Injineernimo – Dhisme – Fanka dhismaha – Geeda qoris... * Fan ku luuqeen, Suugaan – sida Miyuusiga – Heesaha - Shineemda iyo masraxiyadda – Gabayga – Sheeko xiriirta... * Fan Cayaareed, sida qoobka cayaarka – Gamuuan tuurka – Indhe sarcaad – Shiribka – Jaandheerta – Dhaantada... Waa hab, [[gabay|abuurida]], qurxinta, habaynta iyo soo bandhiga [[hees|heesaha Soomaalida]], [[ruwaayad]]aha iyo [[majaajilo]]oyinka u dhaqanka ah [[dadka Soomaalida]] ah meelkasta ooy joogaan, gaar ahaan inta ku dhaqan [[Bariga Afrika]]. Guud ahaan, fanka Soomaalidu waa nooc ka mid ah [[Suugaan|Suugaanta Soomaalida]]. Sidoo kale, dadka ku hadla [[Af Soomaali]]ga waxay leeyihiin [[fan]] aad u heersareeya, qani ku ah aqoon iyo xirfad qoto dheer. In kastoo fanka maanta jira yahay mid aad u da' yar wuxuu leeyahay waaxyaabo iyo noocyo aad u badan. Kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah [[qaaci|heesaha qaaciga]], [[qaraami]]ga, heesaha jaaska, [[ruwaayad]]aha, [[majaajilo]]yinka, [[filim]]aanta, bandhigyada fanka, qoob-ka-ciyaarka iyo guud ahaan madadaalada ku baxda luuqada [[Soomaaliga]]. ===Cunto karinta=== [[file:Somali food.jpg|thumb|196px|nuucyada kala gadisan ee [[Cunto kariska soomaalida|Cunto]].|alt=]] Cunto kariska Soomaalida wuu kala gadisanyahay meel walbo meesha kale sidaa daraadeed inuu ka mid yahay waxyaabaha muhimka u ah soomaalida in laga heli karo meel kasta ee dalka ka mid ah cunto [[Xalaal]] ah sida ay qabto diinta islaamka sida in aysan dhici karin wax ay ku jiraan xedha doofaarkaama [[Hilib]] [[Doofaar]] sidoo kale ma laga yaabo in laguu keeno [[Cabitaan]] alkolo ah nuucyadii kala duwan, sidoo kale lagama cuno bakhtiga, ama dhiiga la fariisiyay. Soomaaliya waxaa laga qadeeyaa kowda wixii ka dambeeya duhurka dabadii laakiin inta lagu guda jiro bisha [[Ramadaan]] waxaa la cunayaa Marka ay dhamaato salaadda taraawiixdataasoo xitaa gaadhi karta kow iyo tobanka fiidnimo. waxaa la cunaa "Cambuulada" oo ugu badan bisha Soomaaliya taasoo laga cuno dhammaan dalka, waxaa la kariyaa marka hore cambuulada, taasoo meelaha qaar looga yaqaan digir ([[Af-Soomaali]]: digir), muddo gaarsiisan shan saacadood oo xidhiidh ah dab yar oo khafiif ah si ay u noqoto mid bisil. Waxaa kale oo jirta [[Muufo]] taasoo ka samaysan [[Galley|Ganleey]] la shiiday kadibna la cajiimay laguna dubay [[Tinaar]], waxaa qaabkaas oo kale loo sameeyaa [[Sabaayad]] waxay kaga duwantahay dubista. ==sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Soomaali luqadda dhegoolaha]] * [[Somaliland]] * [[Djibouti]] * [[IGAD]] * [[Diinta Soomaalida]] ==Xogta== {{reflist}} ==Daabacado kale== <div class="mw-content-ltr"> * Hadden, Robert Lee. 2007. [http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA464006 "The Geology of Somalia: A Selected Bibliography of Somalian Geology, Geography and Earth Science."]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Engineer Research and Development Laboratories, Topographic Engineering Center, Alexandria, VA. Abstract. * Hess, Robert L. ''Italian Colonialism in Somalia''. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1966. *Fitzgerald, Nina J. ''Somalia''. New York: Nova Science, Inc., 2002. * Lewis. I.M. ''Pastoral Democracy: A study on Pastoralism and Politics among the Northern Somali clans''. Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1958. ISBN 978-3-8258-3084-7. * Mwakikagile, Godfrey. ''The Modern African State: Quest for Transformation'', Chapter Four: Somalia: A Stateless State - What Next?, pp.&nbsp;109–132, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Huntington, New York, 2001. * Tripodi, Paolo. ''The Colonial Legacy in Somalia''. New York: St. Martin's P Inc., 1999. </div> ==Linkiyo banaanka ah== ; Xukuumadda * [http://www.tfgsomalia.net Websitkii dawladdii federaalka ku meel gaarka ahayd] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tfgsomalia.net/ |date=20190924214612 }} * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/somalia.html Raysulwasaaraha iyo liiska wasiirada] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/somalia.html |date=20120926194338 }} * [https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/iimaan-run-ah/iimaanka-runta-ah-muxuu-yahay/ Soomaali: Iimaan Run ah Waa Waddada Nolol Farxad Leh] ;Macluumaad guud * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html Bogga Soomaaliya ee buugga ''World Factbook'' Sirdoonka Maraykanka] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |date=20160701194614 }} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/somalia.htm Maktabadda jaamacadda koloraado] * [http://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Somalia Hagista safarka ee soomaaliya (Af-Ingiriis) ee websiteka ''Wikivoyage''] ;Warbaahin * [http://allafrica.com/somalia/ Wararka ugu doorka roon ee doomaaliya] websiteka ''allafrica.com'' * [http://www.irinnews.org/Africa-Country.aspx?Country=SO IRIN Somalia] Wararka iyo hubinta warsaxaafadeedka ee ku saabsan arrimaha bini aadamnimo ee soomaaliya ;Kuwo kale {{col-begin}} {{col-1-of-2}} * [http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/somalia Hay´adda laanqeerta cas ee Soomaaliya] * [http://www.somaliaonline.com/ Somalia Online] * [http://www.somalilink.com/ The Somali Link] * [http://education.nairobi-unesco.org/ Xafiiska UNESCO ee nairobi ee quseeya waxbarashada Soomaaliya] {{col-2-of-2}} * [http://education.nairobi-unesco.org/PDFs/somalia.pdf Xafiiska UNESCO ee Nairobi barnaamijyafa tacliinta ee dhammaan 2015 - Soomaaliya] * [http://www.kataaib.net Websiteka Mustaqbalka umadda Soomaaliyeed] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kataaib.net/ |date=20081028004403 }} * [http://www.mapsyou.com/mapsFrame.aspx?p1=117 Khariidada ee websitka ado] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mapsyou.com/mapsFrame.aspx?p1=117 |date=20090114115414 }} * [http://www.jaallesiyaad.com Websiteka rasmiga ah ee taariikhda gaarka ah Madaxweyne Syd. Barre] {{col-end}} {{Jiho | Woqooyi Galbeed = {{flag|Djibouti}} | Woqooyi = {{flag|Yemen}} • ''[[Gacanka Cadmeed]]'' | Woqooyi Bari = ''[[Gacanka Cadmeed]]'' | Galbeed = {{flag|Ethiopia}} | Magaca = {{flag|Somalia}} | Bari = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' | Koofur = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' | Koofur Galbeed = {{flag|Kenya}} | Koofur Bari = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' }} {{coord|02|02|N|45|21|E|type:Soomaaliya | display=title}} {{Maqaal Xul Ah|subst=4928983 |Taariikh=26 Diseember 2015}} {{Portal bar|Soomaaliya}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Soomaaliya|*]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah midowga afrika]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah jaamacadda carabta|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah ururka iskaashiga islaamka|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka ugu horumarka liita|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah qaramada midoobay|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Geeska Afrika|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka dhaca badweynta hindiya|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka iyo meelaha looga hadlo af-soomaaliga|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Jamhuuriyadaha]] [[Category:Wadamada Afrika|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka federaalka ah|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Mustacmarado hore ee talyaaniga|Soomaaliya]] __INDEX__ 7vt5mqp3wboehpicbb8nyg5rjferija 238402 238401 2022-07-21T10:00:53Z 62.140.210.135 /* Xubin */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Soomaaliya}} {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{Coord|10|N|49|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Soomaaliya | common_name = Somalia | native_name = Federal Republic of Somalia</br>جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_coat =Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | national_anthem = "{{lang|so|[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]|italic=no}}"<Br><center>[[File:Somalian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]</center> | image_map = Somalia (orthographic projection).svg | map_caption = Meelaha ay maamusho Dowlada Somalia waxaa lagu muujiyay cagaar madow ah; meelaha ay maamusho dowladda somaliland waxaa lagu muujiyay cagaar khafiif ah. Soonayaasha la maamulaayo waa mida waqtigaan xaadirka.<!-- Parameter is earmarked for text description of location of country per [[Template:Infobox_country#Syntax]]. --> | image_map2 = Somalia - Location Map (2011) - SOM - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[Muqdisho]] | coordinates = {{Coord|2|2|N|45|21|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Soomaali|Soomaali]] | [[Af-Carabi|Carabi]]}} | languages_type = Afafka qalaad | languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriis]]|[[Af-Taliyaani|Talyaani]]<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ita ethnologue.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&category=&publisher=&type=LEGISLATION&coi=SOM&rid=456d621e2&docid=4795c2d22&skip=0 Scuola media di Mogadiscio]</ref>}} | religion = [[Islam]] | demonym = [[Soomaalida]] | government_type = [[Federation|Federaal]] [[Baarlamaanka Jamhuuriyadda]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweynaha]] | leader_name1 = [[Hasan Sheekh Maxamuud]],[[PDP]] | leader_title2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Raiisul wasaaraha]] | [[Mohamed Hussein Roble]] | legislature = [[Baarlamaanka Dowlada Fadaraalka||Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] | sovereignty_type = [[Taariikhda Soomaaliya|Samaynta]] | established_event9 = [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska Somaliland]] | established_date9 = 1884 | established_event10 = [[Boqortooyada Talyaaniga Somaliland]] | established_date10 = 1889 | established_event11 = ka xoroobay [[Boqortooyada Talyaaniga]] | established_date11 = 1 Juulyo 1960 | established_event12 = [[Qaraarka Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay 141|Qaraarka Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay]] ogolaashaha [[Qaramada Midoobay]] | established_date12 = 20 Sebteembar 1960 | established_event13 = [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka hadda]] | established_date13 = 1 Agoosto 2012 | area_km2 = 637,657 | area_rank = 43rd <!--should be same as listed on [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 246,200 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | percent_water = | population_estimate = 11,031,386 | population_estimate_year = 2017 | population_estimate_rank = {{smaller|76th}} | population_density_km2 = 19.31<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161003235053/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/arabstates/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf UNFPA Somali Population Survey 2014]. Somalia.unfpa.org (6 April 2014). Retrieved 6 October 2016.</ref> | population_density_sq_mi = 41.73 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | GDP_PPP = [[United States dollar|US$]] | GDP_PPP_year = 61 | GDP_PPP_rank = 75 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]3077.23 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 100 | GDP_nominal = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]8.7 Billion Dollars | GDP_nominal_year = | GDP_nominal_rank = {{smaller|114th}} | GDP_nominal_per_capita = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]2716 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = {{smaller|133rd}} | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI = <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank =153 | currency = [[Shilin Soomaali]] | currency_code = $1=100 SOS | time_zone = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Lambarka Taleefoonada Soomaaliya|+252]] | cctld = [[.so]] | today = |leader_name2=[[Maxamed Xuseen Rooble]]}} '''Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|Somalia}}, [[Carabi|Af Carabi]] الصومال), sida rasmiga ah loo yaqaano '''Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|Federal Republic of Somalia}}) (waxaa hore loo oran jirey [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]] xiligii hore ee Hantiwadaaga), oo sii dhaxal ahaana loo yaqaano '''Soomaal''' waa [[Dowlad]] iyo wadan dhacda [[Geeska afrika|Geeska Afrika]] ama Foolalka [[Afrika]] ee kasii socda [[Marinka Gardafuul]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay maamul goboleedyo sida [[Puntland]], [[Jubaland]], [[Galmudug]], [[Hirshabeelle]], [[Koonfur Galbeed]]. Waxaa ka xiga bariga [[marinka Gardafuul]] iyo [[Seyshelles]], iyo [[Soqotra]] iyo [[badda Soomaal]], koofuurna [[Kenya]]. Waxaa ku nool dad [[Faanyahan]] ah, iyo dadka [[Dhul-hoos Bari Kushiitik]] ah. Waxaa dawlada Soomaaliya ka horeeyay boqortooyada [[Diiriye Guure]]. Juquraafi ahaan [[Kiinya]] Koofur galbeed, iyo [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] woqooyiga iyo [[Marinka Gardafuul]] bariga iyo [[Itoobiya]] galbeedka. Waxay leedahay xad badeedka ugu dheer qaaradda Afrika. Waxaa kala duwan qaabka dhulka kuwaas oo kala ah [[Buur|Buuro]], [[Dul]] iyo [[Bannaan]]. Cimiladeeda oo ah lama degaan kulul dhamaan sanadka iyada oo ay jiraan xoogaa dabaylo xilliyeed iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. [[File:ShenDuGiraffePainting.jpg|thumb|right|250px|]] [[File:Somalia scramble for africa period geledi hobyo huwan, Diiriye Guure kingdom.png|thumb|right|195px|]] [[File:Somshil5r.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] [[File:Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud-vf.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Soomaaliya xilliyadii hore waxay ahayd meelaha ugu muhiimsan [[Ganacsi|ganacsiga]] caalamiga ah ee ka dhexeeyay dawladihii hore ee caalamka. Xilli ay ahaayeen Badmareenada iyo ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed kuwo dhoofiya [[Luubaan]]ta iyo [[Malmal]]sha taasoo ka dhignayd kuwo u soo saari jiray [[Masar|Masartii hore]], Fiiniqiyiintii, Maysuuniyiintii iyo Baabil taasoo isku xiri jirtay dhammaan gaadiidka Awrta ama [[Geel]]a ganacsiga Soomaaliyeed waxay la wadaageen [[Soomaalida]] xiriir ganacsi.<ref>Phoenicia pg 199</ref><ref>The Aromatherapy Book by Jeanne Rose and John Hulburd pg 94</ref> Sida ay la tahay in badan oo taariikhyahano ah iyo kuwa dhiga taariikhda, waxay cadeeyeen Soomaaliya in ay tahay meesha lagu tilmaamay dhukii Buntiga ee hore taasoo la lahayd xiriir wanaagsan Faraaciintii [[Masar]] gaar ahaan xilligii [[Fircoon]] "saaxuurac" ee ka midka ahaa boqoradii [[Masar]] casrigii Dawladdii hore, iyo boqortooyadii "Xatshabsuut" ee ka mid aheeyd boqoradii qoyskii reer masar ee sideed iyo tobanaad casrigii dawladda cusub.<ref>Egypt: 3000 Years of Civilization Brought to Life By Christine El Mahdy</ref><ref>Ancient perspectives on Egypt By Roger Matthews, Cornelia Roemer, University College, London.</ref><ref>Africa's legacies of urbanization: unfolding saga of a continent By Stefan Goodwin</ref><ref>Civilizations: Culture, Ambition, and the Transformation of Nature By Felipe Armesto Fernandez</ref> Waxaa loo malaynayaa arrinkaas dhismeyaasha Ahraamta iyo Macbadyo iyo dhismeyaal ee lagu dhisay Garanayt iyo Shiil Cad taasoo loo malaynayo waqtigeeda isla xililligaas una dhigma kuwa la midka ah ee dhismeyaashii msar.<ref>Man, God and Civilization pg 216</ref> sidoo kale xilliyadii hore, waxaa tartamayay dawlado kuwaasoo isku dayay in ay xiriir la yeeshaan dadyoow deganaa dhuka Soomaaliyeed sida jasiiradda xaafuun raas casayr iyo Malaw iyo Mareeg iyo dariskooda Boqrtooyadii Saba iyo Arshek iyo Boqortooyadii Aksam ee ku salaysan ganacsi iyo qaybo ka mid ah boqoro ka jiray Hindiya iyo [[Giriig]]a iyo Roomaanka.<ref>Oman in history By Peter Vine Page 324</ref> Markii ay ka soo if baxday diinta islaamka meel ku beegan geeska AfricaSoomaaliya [[Baddacas|Badda cas]] waxay soo qaateen ganacsatada iyo badmareenada soomaaliyeed ee aadi jiray Jasiirad la mooda carbeed diinta Islaamka taasoo ka dhalatay macaamilka ay la lahaayeen [[carabta]] Muslimka ah. Hijrooyinkii ay sameeyeen dad saxaabada ka mid ah meelo badan oo dunida muslimka ah qarniyadii hore ee diinta islaamku faafaysay ayaa waxay sahashay in ay soomaalidu qaadato diinta islaamka si nabad ah macalimiin Soomaaliyeedna ayna barayeen dadka, waxaa ka dhismay dhulka Soomaaliyeed dawlado iyo magaalooyin islaami ah sida magaalooyinka [[Muqdisho]], [[Baraawe]], [[Mareeg]] iyo [[Marka]], taasoo ahayad qayb ka mid ah ilbaxnimadii Soomaalida. Waxaa loo yaqiin magaalada muqdisho ''"Magaaladii Islaamka"''<ref>Society, security, sovereignty and the state in Somalia – Page 116</ref> Waxaa la joogay ganacsiga [[Dahab|dahabka]] ee ku taal [[Bariga Afrika]] qarniyo badan.<ref>East Africa: Its Peoples and Resources – Page 18</ref> iyo [[Casriyadii dhexe]], Boqotooyooyin Soomaaliyeed baa la wareegay wadooyinkii ganacsiga sida [[saldanadii Ajuuraan]] taasoo xukumaysay dhulka intii u dhexaysay qarniyadii laba iyo tobanaad ilaa todoba iyo tobanaad ciise dabadii taasoo alliftay hindisaha cilmiga dareeraha dheqdheqaaqa iyo dhismeyaasha darbi difaaca,<ref>Shaping of Somali society Lee Cassanelli pg.92</ref> Sidoo kale [[saldanadii Cadal]] taasoo [[Imaam Axmed Guray]] waa ciidankii ugu horeeyay afrika ee adeegsada Madfac dagaalkii lagula jiray xabashida<ref>Futuh Al Habash Shibab ad Din</ref> intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1529]] ilaa [[1543]], sidoo kale qoyskii Goonroon taasoo xukumi jirtay magaalada Laamu ee xiriirka la lahayd saldanada cumaan ee iyana hoos imaan jirtay [[Cusmaaniyiinta]] kaasoo ka qaadi jiray Jizyo [[suldaan axmed yuusuf]], suldaankii afaraad ee Ajuuraan kaasoo xukumayay intii u dhexaysay [[1848]] ilaa [[1878]].<ref>Sudan Notes and Records – Page 147</ref> Qarnigii sagaal iyo tobanaad kadib [[kulankii Baarliin 1884]], boqortooyooyinka yurub waxay u soo direen cidmadooda Baragiga Afrika Si ay dhulkaas caalamka istiraatiijiga u ah u qabsadaan taasoo kaliftay in [[Diiriye Guure]], aasaasihii dawladdii daraawiishta in uu ciidamo soomaali ah ka soo usruusado geeska afrika oo dhan waxay ahayd inta taariikhda la ogyahay is hortaag kii ugu weynaa ee lagu sameeyo Isticmaarka.baraawe Waxaa u suurta gashay Soomaalida ugu horayn ka hortagga Soomaalida.<ref>Politics, language, and thought: the Somali experience – Page 135</ref><ref>Africa report pg 69</ref><ref>Essentials of geography and development: concepts and processes By Don R. Hoy, Leonard Berry pg 305</ref><ref>Encyclopedia of African history – Page 1406</ref> dawladii boqortooyada Diiriye Guure waxay iska caabiyeen [[Ingiriiska]] afar mar oo isxigta waxaana lagu qasbay in ay dib ugu gurato dhanka xeebaha. waxay jabtay boqortooyda [[Diiriye Guure]] [[1920]] kadib adeegsigii Ingiriiska uu adeegsaday diyaaradaha intii dagaalka lagu jiray duqaynta [[taleex]] caasimadda ciidankii [[Diiriye Guure]] iyo dhamaan dhulkii [[Diiriye Guure]] waxaa la wareegay ciidmadii gumaysiga Ingiriiska. Sidoo kale [[Talyaaniga]] wuxuu la kulmay iska caabin kaga imaanaysay salaadiin Soomaaliyeed mana uwada suurta galin in uu wada qabsado qaybo ka mid ah dalka ee hadda loo yaqaan Dawladda Soomaaliya marka laga reebo xilligii fajiistaha dabayaaqadii sanadkii [[1927]] waxayna haysteen ilaa [[1941]] kaasoo lagu bedelay xukunkii ciidmada ee Ingiriiska. Woqooyiga Soomaaliya wuxuu sii ahaaday mustacmarad Ingiriis ah halka koofurta Soomaaliya isku bedeshay dawlad madax bannaan laakiin ay la socoto wasaayad ilaa laga gaaro midayntii labada gobol [[1960]] kuma midoobeen magaca Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya. [[File:Somrepitu.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Soomaaliya waxay xubin ka noqotay [[Jaamacada Carabta]] sanadii [[1974]]. sidoo kale Soomaaliya waxay xiriir fiican la samaysatay dadlalk afrika, waxay ka mid ahayd dawladihii aasaasay [[Midowga Afrika]], waxay taageeri jirtay ANC ee [[Koonfur Afrika]] kana soo herjeeday nidaamkii ''Apartheid'' ee cunsuriga ahaa<ref>[http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/anctoday/2007/text/at01.txt ANC Today Volume 7, No. 1, 12-18 January 2007]</ref> waxay kaloo taageertay Soomaaliya dagaalyanada [[Eratareya]] intii ay ku jirtay Eretariyiinta dagaalkii looga soo horjeeday [[Itoobiya]].<ref>Superpower diplomacy in the Horn of Africa – Page 22</ref> Iyadoo ka mid ah Dawladaha Islaamiga hadana Soomaaliya waxay ahayd aasaasayaashii [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] sidoo kale waxay xubin ka ahayd [[Qaramada Midoobay]]. Soomaaliya iyadoo dhibaato kala kulantay [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]] iyo deganaasho la'an ku baahday gudaha, waxay ku guulaysatay abuurista Suuq xor ah kana sareeya inbadan ee nidaamayada dhaqaale ee Afrika kale sida ay sheegtay daraasad ay sameeysay qaramada midobay.<ref>[http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=25433&Cr=Somalia&Cr1= UN news center. Somalia economy stronger than others in Africa, UN-backed meeting says]</ref> ==Taariikh== {{Faahfaahin|Taariikhda Soomaaliya}} *Calanka Soomaalida *Calanka Itaalyaaniga *Calanka United Nations Trusteeship]] {{Taariikhda Soomaaliya}} === Casrigii wixii ka horeeyay taariikhda === Dadka waxay yimaadeen dhulka Soomaaliyeed Casrigii dhagxaanta, taasoo loo celinayo sawirada lagy hardhay darbiyada godoka woqooyiga Soomaaliya sanadihii 9000 CH. gododkaas waxaa ugu caansan "Laas Geel" oo ku taal meel u dhow [[Hargaysa]] taasoo lagu arkay darbiyada mid ka mid ah kuwii ugu horeeyay ee waxa darbiyada lagu sawiray ah qaaradda afrika. sidoo kale awaxaa la helay qoraallo ku hoos qoran sawirada ama darbiyada si guud laakiin Culimada Raadraaca uma suuta galin in ay aqoonsadaan sumadaha luqadaas ama qoraalladaas marka laga reebo.<ref>Susan M. Hassig, Zawiah Abdul Latif, ''Somalia'', (Marshall Cavendish: 2007), p.22</ref> Intii lagu jiray [[Casrigii dhagaxa]] waxaa soo baxay ilabaxnimo ka jirtay meela ku dhowdhow magaalada hargaysa. Sidoo kale waxaa la helay waxa ku tusaya meel qabuuro lagu sameeyay Janaaso ee geeska afrika taasoo laga helay Soomaaliya taasoo loo malaynayo taariikhdeeda afar kun sano CH. Sidoo kale waxaa qalab laga soo saaray meesha "Galiilow" ee taariikhiga ah woqooyiga Soomaaliya taasoo ah isku xiraha Bari iyo Galbeed intii lagu jiray qarniyadii ugu horeeyay ee dadka dhulka ugu soo horeeyay.<ref>Prehistoric Implements from Somaliland by H. W. Seton-Karr pg 183</ref> [[File:Mogadishustadium.jpg|thumb|195px|alt=cecafa International Stadium |cecafa international stadium]] == Qarniyadii hore iyo waagii Diiriye Guure == Baydka [[Gunbur|pyramidical]] dhismayaasha, [[ Mooshin|mausoleums]], magaalooyinkii baabba'ay, oo derbiyadeeda dhagax, sida [[Wargaade Wall|Wall Wargaade]], waa caddayn ilbaxnimada duug ah in hal mar soo halgamay ee Jasiiradda Soomaali.<ref name="Nthos">[https://books.google.com/?id=FlL2vE_qRQ8C Njoku Raphael Chijioke The History of Somalia ABC-CLIO, 29–31]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=RO4kS1IR71sC Dalal Roshen, The Illustrated Time History of the World, 2011, The Rosen Publishing Group, 131]</ref> Ilbaxnimadani waxay ku raaxaysatay xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd [[ Masar qadiimiga ah|Masar qadiimiga ah]] iyo [[ Mycenaean Griiga|Mycenaean Giriig]] ilaa qarnigii labaad ee sano ka hor, iyagoo taageeraya fikirka ah in Soomaaliya ama gobollada ku dhow ay ahaayeen meesha [[Dhul Udug|Dhulkii]] hore [[Dhulkii punt|ee Punt]]. <ref name="Nthos" /><ref>[https://books.google.com/?id=1E13DorsFMEC Abdel Monem A. H. Sayed|first=Zahi A. Hawass (ed.), Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty Century: Archaeology, 2003, American Univ in Cairo Press, P 432–433]</ref> Puntites waxay ka ganacsan jireen [[malmal]], udgoon, dahab, alwaax, lo'di gaaban, fool maroodi iyo [[Uunsi|frankincense oo ay]] la galeen Masriyiintii, Fenisiyiinta, Baabuloonkii, Hindiya, Shiinaha iyo Roomaaniya iyagoo adeegsanaya dekedohooda ganacsi. Safarkii Masaarida u diray [[Sideed iyo tobnaad Masar|Boqortooyada 18-aad ee]] Boqortooyada [[Hatshepsut]] ayaa lagu duubay macbudyada ku yaal [[Deir el-Bahari]], xilligii boqornimadii Boqorka Puntite Parahu iyo boqoradda Ati.<ref name="Nthos" /> Sanadkii 2015kii, falanqayn gaar ah oo ku saabsan tuugadii hore ee duullaanka Punt ee loo keenay Masar hadiyado ayaa muujinaya in muunadani ay u badan tahay inay ka soo jeedaan dhul ku yaal bariga Soomaaliya iyo dariiqa Eritrea iyo Ethiopia. The '''[[Dhulkii punt|Land of Punt]]''' ( [[Luqada Masaarida|Masri]] : ''pwnt'' ; [[Luqada Masaarida|akhrinta]] kale [[Luqada Masaarida|ee loo yaqaan ']] '''Egiptological''' [[Luqada Masaarida|akhrin']] '''Pwene''' ( '''t''' ) , ku dhawaaqida / pu: nt /) waxay ahayd boqortooyo qadiim ah. Lammaane uu ganacsi ee [[Masar]], waxaa lagu yaqaan soo saarka iyo dhoofinta [[Dahab|dahabka]], beduliyum Beeyada, blackwood, haabniim, foolka maroodiga iyo xayawaanka duurjoogta ah. Gobolka waxaa lagu yaqaanaa diiwaannada qadiimiga ah ee Masaarida ee socodsiinta ganacsiga.  Waa macquul inay u dhigantaa [[Opone]] [[Dhulbaxsinta Afrika|geeska Afrika]], oo markii dambe loo yaqaanay Gariiggii hore, halka qaar ka mid ah culimada Baybalka ay ku tilmaameen dhulka kitaabiga ah ee Put ama Havilah. Soomaliya qayb ka mid ah uu ahaa [[Soomaali magaalo-goboleedyada]] in ku hawlan shabakad ganacsi faa'iido badan xira [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] baayacmushtariyaasha la [[Phenicia|Foynike]], [[Boqortooyada Ptolemaic|Ptolemic Masar]], [[Giriiga|Greece]], [[Parthia|Parthian Faaris]], [[Reer Sabaay|Saba]], [[Nabataea]] iyo [[Boqortooyada Roomaanka]] . Badmaaxiinta Soomaaliyeed ayaa adeegsaday markabkii hore ee badda Soomaaliya ee loo yaqaan ' ''[[Beden|sariirta'<nowiki/>]]'' si ay xamuulkooda u qaadaan. <ref name="ReferenceA">Journal of African History pg.50 by John Donnelly Fage and Roland Anthony Oliver</ref> ''[[Beden|<nowiki/>]]'' <br /> ===Waagii Diiriye Guure iyo casrigii cusbaa boobkii afrika=== Ay sii hayo xilliga wasaayada Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya laakiin ay la socoto ilaalin caalami ah ee adag taasoo shuruud looga dhigay in Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya la siiyo xorriyad buuxda taban sano gudahood;<ref name = "Zolberg"/><ref name=Gates1999>Gates, Henry Louis, ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', (Oxford University Press: 1999), p.1749</ref> halka uu sii ahaanayo [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] maxmiyad Ingiriis ah ilaa laga gaaro [[1960]].<ref name=Tripodi1999>Tripodi, Paolo. ''The Colonial Legacy in Somalia'' p. 68 New York, 1999.</ref> Iyadoo ay jirtay haysashada Talyaaniga Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya kana haysata ogolaasho qaramada midoobay, laakiin xilligaas wasaayada waxay siisay soomaalida khibaradihii loo baahnaa iyo bisayl siyaasadeed iyo awood isxukun waana tusaale aya waayeen reer woqooyiga kuwaas oo markii dambe la midoobay koofurta. Iyadoo ay isku dayeen masuuliyiinta mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska bartamihii soddomeeyadii qarnigii tagay wax ka qabashada xaaladda horumarin la'aneed ee ka jirtay mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska ee Afrika, masuuliyiinta Ingriiska dhammaan isku dayadaas waxay ku dhamaatay fashil waxay sii ahaadeen mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska guud ahaan qaybta woqooyi ee Soomaaliya gaar ahaan kuwo isku mid ah marka laga hadlayo Siyaasadda Dhaqaalaha Bulshada taasoo noqon kartay mid saamayn jirta ku leh in badan oo caqabado ah taasoo soo if baxday markii la gaaray isku darka dalka oo hal maamul leh.<ref name=ChapinMetz>[http://countrystudies.us/somalia Helen Chapin Metz, ed. Somalia: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1992.]</ref> Waxaas oo dhan iyadoo ay dhaceen, Ingriisku wuxuu ku dhaqaaqay in uu culays ka soo saaro xulufadii kula jirtay dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka<ref name="Federal">Federal Research Division, ''Somalia: A Country Study'', (Kessinger Publishing, LLC: 2004), p.38</ref> in la siiyo meel gaar ah waa mid ka mid ah meelaha daaqsinka leh ee muhimka ah waxayna ahayd maxmiyad ay u saxiixday boqortooyada Ingiriiska lana saxiixatay Abasiiniya intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1884]] iyo [[1886]], ee gobolka [[Soomaali Galbeed]] oo ay degto Soomaalida Waxayna ka mid ahayd heshiisyo kale ay saxiixday Ingiriiska [[1897]] kaasoo dhigaya in lagu wareejiyo [[Itoobiya]] boqorkii Mililiq labaad taasoo oo uga badashay ciidamada Ingiriiska in laga caawiyo soo afjaridda iska caabinta kaga imaanaysa qabiillo Soomaaliyeed<ref name=Laitin1977>Laitin, David D., ''Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience'', (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), p.73</ref> billoowgii [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]]. Iyadoo ay jirtay in Ingiriisku ku daray shuruud ah in qabiilada reer guuraaga ah ee Soomaalida siiso isxukun laakiin Itoobiya isla markiiba waa ay qabsatay meelahaas،<ref name="Zolberg">Zolberg, Aristide R., et al., ''Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World'', (Oxford University Press: 1992), p.106</ref> Ingriiska wuxuu u soo bandhigay Itoobiya sanadii [[1956]] in uu ka iibsado dhulkii dhulkii uu horay ugu wareejiyay<ref name="Zolberg"/> laakiin dhandhiggaas waxaa lagala horyimid diidmo ah in aysan aqbali karin Itoobiya. Habkaas oo kale, Ingiriisku wuxuu ku wareejiyay <ref>Francis Vallat, ''First report on succession of states in respect of treaties: International Law Commission twenty-sixth session 6 May-26 July 1974'', (United Nations: 1974), p.20</ref> NFD {{En|Northern Frontier District}} taasoo ay degaan Soomaalida [[Kiinya]] waxayna dhegaha ka furaysatay aftidii horay looga qaaday gobolkaas taasoo cadaynaysay ku biirista Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya ee cusub.<ref>David D. Laitin, ''Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience'', (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), p.75</ref> Sanadii [[1958]], waxaa la sameeyay [[Jabuuti]] ee dariska ah, taasoo loo yaqiinay magaca ah Dhulka Faransiiska ee Soomaaliya waqtigaas, afti meesha ay aadayaan ah in ay Soomaaliya inteeda kale ku biiraan ama faransiiska uu sii hayo, natiijadiina waxay nqotay in uu faransiiska sii hayo uuna ilaaliyo. waxaana taa ugu wacnaa cafarta oo sidaa doonaysay, taasoo ah dadka ugu badan Jabuuti in ay sii hoos joogaan faransiiska waxaa sidaas oo kale dalbaday carabta iyo kuwii reer yurub ee deganaa dhulkaas ee la yimid isticmaarka. Laakiin inta kale ee asal ahaan soomaalida ah waxay rabeen midnimo soomaaliyeed si loo mideeyo dhulweynaha Soomaaliyeed ee lakala qaybiyay waxaana ugu cadcadaa "Maxamuud Xarbi" Raysulwasaare gudoomiye ku xigeenka golaga xukunka Soomaalida Faransa. waana Soomaali qabiilka Ciisaha, laakiin maxamuud xarbi waa la dilay aftida ka dib laba sano ka dibib burburkii diyaarad. Waxay [[Jabuuti]] ka qaadatay madax banaani [[Faransiiska]] sanadkii [[1977]] [[Xasan Guuleed Abtidoon]], wuxuu ahaa Soomaali ay taageeraysay Faransiiska, Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay ee jabuuti kaasoo xukumayay [[1977]] ilaa [[1991]].<ref name=Barrington2006>Barrington, Lowell, ''After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States'', (University of Michigan Press: 2006), p.115</ref> [[File:Mogadishu.png|thumb|right|195px|]] [[Juun|Juun]] sanadii [[1960]] waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhowaaqay [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] madax banaani ay siisay [[Boqortooyo|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] waxaa iyana shan maalmood ka dib qaatay madax banaanida [[Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya]],<ref>Encyclopaedia Britannica, ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica'', (Encyclopaedia Britannica: 2002), p.835</ref> isla maamintaas waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhowaaqay dhismaha dawlada Soomaaliyeed oo mid ah labada qaybood ee Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska waxaa taa ka horeeyay samaynta xuduudaha taasoo ay sameeyeen Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska. [[Cabdullaahi Ciise]] Maxamuud, Raysulwasaaraha Soomaaliya xilligii Ingiriisku haysatay ee u dhaxaysay [[1956]] iyo ilaa sanadkii [[1960]],<ref name="buluugleey.com">[http://www.buluugleey.com/warkiidanbe/Governance.htm The dawn of the Somali nation-state in 1960, Buluugleey.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htwin/articles/20060809.aspx The making of a Somalia state ;Strategypage.com 2006-08-09]</ref> Xukuumaddii ugu horaysay ee qaran soomaaliyeed (ku meel gaar), [[Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan|Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan (aadan cadde)]] madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay wuxuuna<ref>[http://www.mudulood.com/PageAadan%20Cabdulle%20Cusman.html Aden Abdullah Osman the founding father; Mudulood.com]</ref[http://www.mudulood.com/OpinionPage546.htm The founding father of Somalia Mudulood.com]</ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080223085204/http://www.markacadeey.com/june/aden_cadde_20070609_1.htm A tribute to the Somalia founding father, its president in 1960s; Markacadeey.com]</ref> C/rashiid Cali Sharmarke Raysulwasaare u doortay, kaasoo dib dambe noqday madaxweyne intii u dhaxaysay sanadii [[1967]] ilaa [[1969]]. [[Luuliyo|labaatankii luuliyo]] sanadii [[1961]] waxaa la qoray [[Dastuur]] Soomaaliyeed ee cusub kaasoo uu shacabka u codeeyay wuxuu ahaa nuqulkii ugu horeeyay ee dastuurka mid la qoray sanadii [[1960]].<ref>Greystone Press Staff, ''The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East'', (Greystone Press: 1967), p.338</ref> ===Dawladdii Hantiwaddaaga=== Waxaa sii socday dagaal beeleedyada iyo isfahan darrida u dhaxeyasa jufooyinka Soomaalida biloowgii midowga taasoo ka dhalatay raadidkii isticmaarka arrintaas oo jirtay xitaa intii uu jiray isticmaarka.<ref name="buluugleey.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=The making of Somalia, Somaliland, Somalilandtimes.net |url=http://www.somalilandtimes.net/2003/139/13904.shtml |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2019-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220232426/http://www.somalilandtimes.net/2003/139/13904.shtml |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928161509/http://www.radiobuuhoodle.com/goodgovernance.htm The beginning of the Somalia state Radiobuuhoodle.com 2009-02-25]</ref><ref>[http://media.maps.com/magellan/Images/SOMCLA-W2.gif Historical self-governing clan factors in present day Somalia]</ref> sandii [[1967]] wuxuu noqday Maxamed Xaaji IBraahin "Cigaal" Raysulwasaare waana xil uu u doortay C/rashiid Cali Sharmarke kaasoo Xilikas ahaa madaxweynaha dalka. Cigaal wuxuu dib ka noqday madaxweynaha [[Somaliland]] ee dhacda woqooyi galbeed Soomaaliya taasoo isku magacaawday dawlad madaxbanaan mana helin wax aqoonsi ah. Kadib dilkii Madaxweyne Cabdirashiid [[1969]] waxaa xukunka dalka la wareegay talis ciidan awoodii kula wareegay [[Inqilaab Ciidan]] saraakiisha kala ah [[Janaraal]] [[Salaad Gabayre Kadiye]] iyo [[Sarreeye Guuto]] [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre]] iyo taliyaha ciidanka booliska Jaamac Qoorsheel waxaa xukunka la wareegay Siyaad Barre halka uu noqday Qoorsheel raysulwasaare. Wuxuu sameeyay ciidanka Hantiwadaag barnaamijyo baahsan ee la howlgaliyay kooxo kuwaasoo u dhaqaaqay la dagaalanka wax qoris la'anta dalka waxaana si muuqada u kordhay wax qorista iyo aqrinta laba bilaabo 5% ilaa 55% bilowgii sideetameeyadii qarnigii tagay. Isqabqabsi dabadii waxaa la toogtay Gabayre. [[File:2016_04_Eid_Preparions-11_(27469932863).jpg|thumb|right|196px|]] [[Kalitalis]] Dawladdii Malatariga Soomaaliya luuliyo sanadii [[1976]] dhistay [[XHKS|Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed]] {{en|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}} kaasoo xukunka haystay laga soo bilaabo markii la sameeyay ilaa uu dhaco taliskii malatariga diseembar sanadii [[1990]] Jannaayo [[1991]], kaasoo ay awood u sheegteen ''Jabhadda Dimoqraadiga Badbaadinta Soomaaliyeed'' {{en|SSDF}} iyo ''Golaha Midnimada Soomaaliyeed'' {{en|United Somali Congress}} iyo ''Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaliyeed'' {{en|SNM}} Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaliyeed {{en|Somali Patriotic Movement}} marka lagu daro jabahadaha mucaaradka ah ''Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Dimoqraadiga Soomaliyeed'' {{en|Somali Democratic Movement}} iyo Isbahaysiga Dimoqraadiga Soomaaliyeed {{en|Somali Democratic Alliance}} ugu dambayn ''Kooxda Maanifesto'' {{en|Somali Manifesto Group}}. Sanadihii [[1977]] iyo [[1978]] Soomaaliya waxay duulaan ku qaaday [[Itoobiya]] iyadoo ku duulaysa magaca [[Dagaalkii xoraynta ogaden|Xoraynta Soomaaligalbeed]] taasoo ciidamada Soomaaliya ku dadaalayeen in ay dib u mideeyaan dhulalkii Soomaalida oo ay u arkaysay in isticmaarku qaybiyay siiyayana qaybo ka mid ah dalal kale si aan qax ahayn. Biloowgii hore, Soomaaliya waxay qaadatay dhabaha nabadda ah ee [[Diblumaasiyad]] dhamaan [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kiinya]] si loo helo xal nabad ah arrimaha la xiriira labada dhinac laakiin dadaalkii diblomaasiyadeed wuxuu ku dhamaaday fashil. Soomaaliya waxay samaysay islamarkaana u diyaar garoobaysa dagaal dhab ah iyadoo tijaabisay xal diblomaasiyadeed, dhisidda Jabhadda Xoraynta Soomaali Galbeed {{en|WSLF}} ama Western Somali Liberation Front, waxay ku dadaashay in ay u dhaqaaqdo soo celinta gobolka Soomaali galbeed si awood ah. Soomaaliya waxay u dhaqantay si gooni ah iyadoo aan ula laaban mujtamaca dunida ee aan ogolayn dib u xadaynta xuduudaha taasuu ka tagay isticmaarka, halka uu diiday [[Midowga Sofiyet]] iyo Isbahaysiga Waarso in ay Soomaaliya caawiyaan, iskaba daa in ay caawiyaane waxay ku dhaqaaqeen arrin lid ku ah taasoo ah in ay taageereen [[Itoobiya]]. Isla goortaas wuxuu isku dayay Midowgii Sofiyetiga kaasoo ah midka siiya labada dhinac hubka in uu dhexdhexaadiyo si loo helo xabad joojin u dhaxeysa labada dawladood. Ciidanka Soomaaliya waxaa u suurta gashay usbuucii ugu horeeyay ee dagaalka in ay isku fidiyaan bartamaha iyo koofurta gobolka, dagaalka intii uu socday ciidamada Soomaaliya waxay gaareen guulo waaweyn kana adkaadeen ciidmada Itoobiya wixii ciidamada Itoobiya ka haray waxay isku uruursadeed deegaanka Sidaamo. Sibteembar sanadii [[1977]] Soomaaliya waxaa u suuragashay qabsashada 90% ee gobolka waxaa kaloo u suurtoowday qabsashada magaalooyin istiraatiiji muhiim ah, sida magaalada Jigjiga sidoo kale wuxuu go'doomiyay magaalada Diridhabe Kaasoo hakiyay isu socodkii tariinada ka imaanayay [[Jabuuti]]. Kadib go'doomintii magaalada Harar wuxuu [[Midowga Sofiyet]] usoo jeestay taageero malatari taasoo la xiriirrta arrinta ka soo cusboonaatay geeska afrika, waxaa la diyaariyay 18,000 ciidamo ka imaanaya [[Kuuba|Kuubaan]] 2,000 iyo Yementa Koofureed iyadoo lagu daray 1,500 khubaro ka imanaysa Midowga Sofiyet haystana diyaarado iyo taangiyo Sofiyet ah. Hor istaagaas awoodaas ballaaran ciidanka Soomaaliya waxaa lagu qasbay dib u gurasho iyo in uu codsi u dirsado [[Maraykanka]]. Iyadoo uu nidaamkii [[Jimmy Carter]] isu diyaariyay garab siinta Soomaaliya dagaalka intii uu socday Sofiyetku si degdeg ah bay u caawiyeen Itoobiya waxaana laga baqay in uu sii xumaado xiriirka. sidaa daraadeed Maraykanka faraha ayuu ka qaaday in uu Soomaaliya caawiyo waxaa dibudhac ku yimid isbahaysigii uu ku lahaa maraykanku [[Bariga Dhexe]] iyo [[Asia]]. Biloowgii [[1978]], waxaa ku biloowday xukuumaddii Soomaaliya saamaynta luminta hanasho dhab ah arrimaha gobolka. Waxay sidoo kale muujiyeen inta badan shacabka Soomaaliyeed mid galay xaalad quus sababo la xiriira hoos imaanshaha ciidankii kali taliska waqti dheer iyadoo aan la gaaraynin wax horumar ah la taaban karo, waxaana arrinkaas xoojiyay dhamaadkii dagaalkii qaboobaa, waxay sidoo kale Itoobiya taageero siisay Jabhadihii ku kacsanaa Soomaaliya. [[File:Abdisalamomer1.png|thumb|right|195px|Abdi-Salam]] Sanadii [[1990]] waxaa la soo saaray sharci ka mamnuucaya gaar ahaan dadka degan [[Muqdisho]] in ay kulmaan saddex ama afar in kabadan. Waxaa dhammaan hareeyay hay'adaha dawladda shidaal yari sababtay joogsiga gaadiidka dadweynaha taasoo saamayn ku yeelatay danaha xukuumadda iyo qaybaha guud iyo kan gaarka ah. Waxaa ssidoo kale dhacday dhibaato la xiriirta [[Sicir Barar]] taasoo ay dhib ku qabeen gobolada kororka sicir bararka muuqda iyadoo ay shacabku awoodi waayeen helitaanka quutul daruuriga heer ay gaartay Baastadii talyaaniga ee caadiga ahayd xilligaas ilaa iyo Shan [[Dollar|Doollar]] kiiladii. halka uu gaaray qaadka [[Qaad|Jaadka]] kaasoo laga keeno [[Kiinya]] shan doollar Majintii. Waxaa qiime jab ku yimid shilinka Soomaaliga ilaa la gaaro heer shilimaadkii lagu daadiyo wadooyinka si ay kuwa haysta iskaga tuuraan halkii ay haysan lahaayeen taasoo u muuqatay in uusan lahayn wax faaiida ah ee la xusi karo. Waxaa sidoo kale soo if baxay [[Suuqa Madoow]] ee sarifka lacagaha qalaad taasoo ka dhalatay in aysan jirin socodsiinta lacagaha ee ku filan sarifka lacagaha qalaad taasoo ay bebersoto [[Shilin Soomaali|Shilinka Soomaaliga]]. Mugdigana wuxuu noqday mid ku baahay magaalada oo dhan marka la gaaro habeenkii taasina waxay ka timid dawladda oo iibisay dab dhaliyeyaashii korontada. Waxaa ajaanibta la dul dhigay waardiye adadag ilaa maa xilligii ay joogeen. Sidoo kale dawladda waxay soo saartay go'aano lagu hagaajinayo joojinta dal ka saarista, ama tahriibinta lacagaha ajnabiga ah. lama ogolayn adeegsiga lacagaha qalaad hab ka baxsan sharciga sida uu qabo marka laga reebo saddex hoteel oo ay maamusho dawladda. Waxaa sidoo kale mamnuuc aha sawir qaadis meelo badan iyadoo aysan muuqan wax cadayn kara in aan sawiro la qaadi karin ee ku saabsan safar iyo joogitaanka. Wixii ka dhacay Soomaaliya [[1988]] malaha waa ka sii foolxun. Markii Hargeysa la duqeeyay ayaa dadkii deganaa lagu khasbay inay qaxaan. Askarta ayaa markaas miinooyin ku aasay guryihii laga tagay. Markii uu dagaalku dhammaaday ayay qaxootigii dib u laabteen, balse waxaa lagu naafeeyay ama lagu dilay qaraxyo qarsoon.<ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20000508/Land-Mines-Weighing-the-Cost/ Land Mines—Weighing the Cost]</ref> ===Xasuuqii Isaaq ama Xasuuqii Somaliland=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Xasuuqi Isaaq|XasuuqiI Isaaq]]'' Awooddii akhlaaqeed ee dowladdii Maxamad Siyaad (jaale siyaad) si tartiib tartiib ah ayay u lumisay, iyadoo Soomaali badan ay ku hungoobeen nolosha xukunka militariga. Bartamihii 1980-meeyadii, dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo uu taageerayay maamulkii shuuciga ahaa ee Derg ee Itoobiya ayaa ka billowday waddanka oo dhan.jaale siyaad wuxuu kujawaabey isagoo amrey in talaabooyin ciqaab ah laga qaado kuwa uu u arko inay gudaha ka taageerayaan jabhadaha, gaar ahaan gobolada waqooyi. Qabqabashada waxaa ka mid ahaa in la duqeeyo magaalooyin, xarunta maamulka waqooyi-galbeed ee Hargeysa, oo ahayd xaruntii Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM), oo ka mid ahayd aagagga la bartilmaameedsaday 1988. Duqeyntan waxaa hoggaaminayey Jeneraal Maxamed Saciid Xersi Morgan, wiilka uu sodogga u yahay Barre. Sida laga soo xigtay Abou Jeng iyo aqoonyahanno kale, xukunkii taliskii jaale siyaad waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay cadaadis arxan darro ah oo lala beegsaday qabiilka Isaaq. Max’ed Xaaji Ingiriis iyo Chris Mullin waxay caddeeyeen in qabqabashadii maamulkii Maxamad siyaad ee ka dhanka ahaa Dhaqdhaqaaqii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee fadhigiisu ahaa Hargeysa lala beegsaday beelweynta Isaaq oo ay ka tirsan yihiin inta badan xubnihii SNM. Waxay ku tilmaamayaan isku haynta inay tahay xasuuqii Isaaq ama xasuuqii Hargeysa. Baaritaan ay sameysay Qaramada Midoobay ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay in dambiga xasuuqa uu ahaa "mid ay maleegtay, qorsheysay oo ay ka fulisay Dowlada Soomaaliya dadka Isaaqa". Tirada dadka rayidka ah ee ku waxyeeloobay waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inta udhaxeysa 50,000–100,000 sida laga soo xigtay ilo wareedyo kala duwan, halka wararka qaarna ay ku qiyaasayaan wadarta dhimashada dadka rayidka ah inay kor u dhaafeyso 200,000 oo rayid Isaaq ah. Dhimashooyinkaas, taliskii Barre wuxuu duqeeyey oo burburiyey magaalooyinka labaad iyo saddexaad ee ugu weyn Soomaaliya, Hargeysa iyo Burco siday u kala horreeyaan. Tani waxay u barakicisay dad lagu qiyaasey 400,000 oo dadka deegaanka ah oo u qaxay Hartasheikh ee dalka Itoobiya; shaqsiyaad kale oo gaaraya 400,000 ayaa iyaguna gudaha ku barakacay. Dagaalkii ka soo horjeedka ee taliskii Barre ee ka dhanka ahaa SNM wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday saldhigii rayidka ee kooxda mucaaradka, isaga oo isu beddelay xasuuq xasuuq ka dhan ah beesha Isaaq. Tani waxay horseeday fowdo iyo ololeyaal dagaal oo ay gaystaan ​​maleeshiyooyin kala jabay, ka dibna awooddii heer degmo la wareeray. Cadaadiskii maamulkii Barre kuma koobnayn Isaaqa oo keliya, maxaa yeelay wuxuu bartilmaameedsanayay qabaa’illada kale sida Hawiye. Taliskii Barre wuxuu burburay Janaayo 1991. Intaa kadib, markii xaalada siyaasadeed ee Somaliland xasiloonayd, dadkii barakacay waxay ku noqdeen guryahoodii, maleeshiyooyinkii waa laga daad gureeyay ama waxaa lagu daray ciidanka, tobanaan kun oo guri iyo meherado ahna dib ayaa looga soo dhisay burburka. ==Ismaaciil Mire== Ismaaciil Mire, oo abaanduulkii guud ka ahaa dawladda boqortooyada [[Diiriye Guure]], wuxuu ka qaybgalay dagaalaha oo dhan ee Daraawiishta ka qayb galay. Wuxuu u talin jirey colkii [[Shiikhyaale]]. Goobaha uu ka qayb galay waxaa ka mid ah, cagaarweyne, iyo dagaalkii Jigjiga, iyo dagaalki Beledweyne, iyo dagaalkii Berbera, iyo dagaalkii Dul Madobe, iyo dagaalkii Jidbaale, iyo dagaalkii Afbakayle iyo meelo kale. Wuxuu kale ka horjeestay dagaalaha ee shirqool ka jiri jirey, oo ka mid ah Canjeel, Gurdumi iyo qaar kale. 1920kii, Ismaaciil Mire waxaa lagu xidhay xabsi. ===Darwiishia iyo Qusuusi=== Qarnigii 19ka ilaa tobanaadka 1920gii, Dalka Soomaalka waxaa hoogaaminjirey dawladda Daraawiishta, oo si kale loo yaqaano Darwiishia. Darwiishia dawladeeda waxaa loo yaqaan jirey qusuusi ama khusuusi, ee waxaa ka mid ahaa shakhsiyaddan: {{columns-list|colwidth=35em| * [[Ismail Mire]] * [[Macalin Cagadhiig]] *[[Shire Canbool]], oo Dhulbahante ahaa *[[Cartan Boos]] oo Jamac Siyad ahaa *[[Afqarshe]], oo Adan-Naleeye ahaa *[[Dhowre]], oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Obsiiye Magan]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Aw Jaamac Seed Magan]] oo Cali-Geri aaha * [[Oogle Magan]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Muse Waranle]] oo Reer-Hagar ahaa *[[Haji Firhad]], fiqishini HabarGidir *[[Haji Sudi]], Isaaq Aadan Madoobe * [[Seeraar Shawe]] oo Jamac Siyaad ahaa * [[Nur Xiddig]] oo Wacays Adan ahaa * [[Xirsi Jeedlade]] oo Qayaad ahaa * [[Haji Mursal Aw Saacid]] oo Dhulbahante ahaa * [[Duale Ileeye]] oo Jamac Siyaad ahaa * [[Cismaan Boos]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Jama Lugay]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Aw Cabbas]] oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Abbas Aw Muse]], oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Hussein Ajuuraan]], oo Dhulbahante ahaa (oo loo naanaystay Agararan)<ref>http://www.kaiserscross.com/188001/536101.html</ref> * [[Ahmed Tage]], oo baharsame ahaa * [[Abshir Dhoore]], majeerteen ahaa * [[Nur Hashi]] warsangeli ahaa *[[Ismail Khaire]], warsangeli ahaa *[[Xooshdheere]], ali geri ahaa *[[Farah Dacay]], baharsame ahaa * [[Hirsi Akaal]], marehan ahaa }} [[File:Somlangbooks.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Bugaag Somali Lugad]] ===Burburka Dawladdii Hantiwaddaaga=== Waxaa dhacay sanadkii [[1991]] isbedel xididaystay nolosha siyaasadeed ee Soomaaliya. taasoo u suurta gashay ciidamo ka kooban beelaha dega waqooyiga iyo koofurta hubaysan oo taageera ka helaya [[Itoobiya]] in ay ridaan dawladdii Siad Barre Max'ed Siyaad Barre. Kulanno farabadan ee dhexmaray Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed [[SNM]] iyo odayaasha beelaha ree woqooyiga, waxa ku dhawaaqeen qaybta woqooyi ee Soomaaliya ([[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] horay loo oranjiray) in ay goosteen goosasho hal dhinac ah Soomaaliya inteeda kale iskuna magacaabay [[Somaliland|Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland]] ([[Ingiriis]]: ''Republic of Somaliland'') May 1991. Ka sokoow go'itaanka ay Somaliland goosatay iyo deganaashaha ay haysato markii loo eego koofurta way waysay aqoonsi heer caalami ah xitaa haba ahaatee Itoobiya.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1367554.stm Somaliland citizens ask to be recognised as a state, BBC News]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1361394.stm Somaliland votes for independence, BBC News]</ref> [[File:2012_01_12_MGD_Stadiums_a_(8394617014).jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Jannaayo sanadkii [[1991]] Waxaa doortay "Cali Mahdi Max'ed" koox soomaali ah una doorteen in uu noqdo madaxweyne ku meel gaar ah ee dalka ilaa laga gaaro shir qarameed kulmiyay dhammaan qaybaha ku lugta leh ee bishii xigtay Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti si dalka madaxweyne loo doorto. Laakiin doorashadii "Cali Mahdi Maxamed" waxaa si weyn uga horyimid biloowgii hore dhamaan Jen [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] gudoomiyihii ururka USC iyo C/raxman Tuur hogaamiyihii SNM. مtaasoo dhalisay kala qaybsanaan xagga siyaasadda ah ee u dhaxaysay USC iyo SNM, isku dhacyadii u dhexeeyay USC waxay burbur xoogleh gaarsiisay magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo meelaha ku dhow dhow. [[File:Elecmalpun.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Dagaalkii sokeeye wuxuu sabay, kaasoo wali raadkiisu muuqdo, burbur ku yimaada wax soosaarka beeraha iyo gaarsiinta cuno koofurta Soomaaliya waana sabata ugu weyn ee ka dhalisaya dagaalka dalka taasoo meelaha xasaasiga ay tartan ugu jiraan beelaha waxaa kaloo dheeraad ah qabsashada iyo meelaha leh ilaha dhaqaale iyo daaqa. Jemes Bayshb oo ahaa safiirkii ugu dambeeyay ee Soomaaliya wuxuu ku tilmaamay xaaladdii ka taagnayd iyo dagaaladii sokeeye halkaas mid ah "biyo ku dagaalan iyo meelaha daaqsinka sidoo kale xoolaha waxaa horay la isu adeegsan jiran [[Falaar|falaaro]] iyo [[Sayf|Sayfaf]] hadda waxaa la isu adeegsadaa [[Qoro|Boobe]]."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090309030719/http://hprsite.squarespace.com/remember-somalia-112007 |It is a competition that used to be fought out with arrows and sabers. Now it is fought out with AK-47s Hprsite.squarespace.com 2007-11-16]</ref> Wuxuu sababay dagaalkii sokeeye in ay dhacdo [[Gaajo]] taasoo salfatay ku dhowaad 300,000 Soomaali taasoo ku qasabtay [[Golaha Amniga Qaramada Midoobay]] in uu soo saaro qaraar kaasoo tilmaamaya xabad joojin sanadkii [[1992]] iyo dirista ciidamo ammaanka ilaaliya ee heer caalami ah waxaa soomaaliya ku soo hormaray (UNOSOM I) badbaadinta xaaladda biniaadamnimo ee dalka.<ref>[http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_20244.asp United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) 1992]. Australian War Memorial.</ref> Waxay ahayd adeegsiga awood ciidan marka loo eego ciidmada ammaanka mid ku kooban isdifaacid naftooda ah taasoo fursad siisay beelaha dirirsanaa in ay sika sii wataan dagaaladoodii hubaysnaa. Ka jawaabidda colaada sii baahaysa iyo burburka xaaladda Biniadamnimo ee ka jirtay Soomaaliya [[Maraykanka]] wuxuu diyaariyay xulufo ciidan ah oo heer caalami ah taasoo ahayd ujeedadeeda nabad ku soo dabaalidda kooforta Soomaaliya iyo xal u helidda xaaladda bini'adamnimo ee halkaas iyo fududaynta gaarista gargaarka biniadamnimo ee qaramada midoobay iyo dalalka deeqda bixiya. Waxay galeen xoogagga xulufada taasoo loo yaqiinay magaca {{En|Unified Task Force ama UNITAF}} diseembar dhexdeedii sanadii [[1992]] ee howlgalkii "Rajo soo celinta" sida uu qabay qaraarkii qaramada midoobay ee tirsigiisu ahaa 794. Waxaa u suurta galay ciidmadii caalamka ka yimid in ay dib u soo celiyaan nidaamkii iyo yaraynya baahidii taasoo dhib u keentay dalka ilaa ay ka baxaan ciidmada maraykanka maajo sanadkii [[1993]] waxaa lagu bedelay (UNOSOM II) ee [[Maajo|Afartii Maajo]] sida uu qabay qaraarkii ka soo baxay qaramada midoobay ee tirsigiisu ahaa 837 ee soo baxay [[Maarso|26 Marso]] isla sanadkaas. Dhanka kale wuxuu u arkay [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] ciidanka nabad ilaalinda ee caalamka in uu qatar ku yahay asiga iyo ciidankiisa wuxuuna siiyay amar maleeshiyo hubaysan in la weeraro saldhigyada ciidamada Pakistan ee ka howlgala Muqdisho taasoo ay ka dhalatay dhimashada 80 qof jinsiyada kala duwan ah ee ka tirsan ciidamada nabad ilaalinta, wuuna socday dagaalka ay ka dhintaan 19 ciidan maraykan ah iyo laba kale oo Pakistan ah iyo mid kale ee Maaliisiya u dhashay oo dhammaantood ah ciidamada nabad ilaalinta sidoo kale waxaa jirtay 1,000 qof ee ka mid ah maleeshiyada Soomaalida hubaysnaa intii u dhaxaysay saddexdii iyo afratii ee bishoo Oktoobar [[1993]] kaasoo taariikhdu ugu magac dartay dagaalkii "Dagaalkii Muqdisho" taasoo ku qasabtay qaramada midoobay howlgal "Gaashaan mida" ciidan ka kooban Maraykanka Masar Pakistan [[Maarso|saddexdii maarso]] sanadkii [[1995]], dabadeed Robert ogle ayaa ku dhawaaqay in aan dagaal toos ah lala gali doonin [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] laakiin la baal siibi doono taasoo macnaheedu ahaa in laga horkeeno saaxiibadii ilaaa uu markii dambe lagu dilay dagaal ay iskaga horyimideen qaar ay xulufo ahaayeen [[1996]] Waxay diiradda saareen [[Burcad Badeed|burcad badeeda soomaalida]] xeebaha Soomaaliya taasoo ka dhalatay burburka iyo maqnaashaha dawlad dhexe Kadib dagaalkii sokeeye,<ref>Biegon, Rubrick. Somali Piracy and the International Response 2009-01-29 Foreign Policy in Focus [http://www.fpif.org/articles/somali_piracy_and_the_international_response] retrieved 2010-02-08</ref> Dhibaatadaan waxay ka soo if baxday dekadaha ku yaal xeebaha Soomaaliya.<ref>Piracy Off Coast Not Only Criminal, But Very Successful, Security Council Hears, AllAfrica.com, retrieved February 8, 2010 [http://allafrica.com/stories/200911191008.html]</ref> Waxayna ka dhalatay ka dhiidhin ay ka dhiidhiyeen kalluumaysatada soomaaliyeed ee ka kalluumaysta xeebaha sida: Ayl, [[Kismaayo]], Xarardheere, Mareeg iyagoo weerar ku qaaday maraakiibta ajnabiga ah ee ka kalluumaysata badda soomaaliya khayraadka kalluunka ee biyo goboleedka markii uu burburay taliskii dhexe ee Soomaaliya,<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Tharoor, Ishaan. How Somalia’s fishermen became pirates. 2009-04-18 |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1892376,00.html |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2013-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826205905/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1892376,00.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/3061246/part_2/what-i-learned-from-the-somali-pirates.thtml Hartley, Aiden. What I learned from Somali pirates 2008]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Taasoo ay waayeen kalluumaysato badan waxa ay heli jireen. Sidoo kale, waxay tilmaameen qayb ka mid ah masuuliyiinta soomaalida howlaha burcad badeedka waxaa sii kiciyay [[Dhulgariir|Dhul Gariirkii Badweynata Hindiya]] taariikhdu marka ay ahayd 26 [[Diseembar]] ee sanadkii [[2004]], kaasoo sababay mowjadi [[Tsunami]] weyn burburisay in badan oo tuulooyinka ku yaal xeebaha iyo doomankoodii.<ref>Lehr, Peter and Lehmann, Henrick, Violence at Sea: Piracy in the Age of Global Terrorism, p. 3</ref> Qaar ka mid ah waxay leeyihiin howlaha burcad badeednimada Soomaaliya waa "howlo dhaqaale ee la maalgashado" ee dalka, waana "mid kaabta" dhaqaalaha [[Puntland]].<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/apr/10/piracy-somalia Lehr, Peter. Warships won't stop pirates. The Guardian 2009-04-10]</ref><ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2009/06/2009614125245860630.html Adow, Mohammed. The pirate kings of Puntland. Aljazeera. 2009-06-17, retrieved 2010-02-08]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7623329.stm Harper, Mary. Life in Somalia's pirate town BBC News 2008-09-18]</ref> Waxaa la rumaysanyahay in la soo iibsaday qiyaastii 25,000 50,000, [[Adoon]] ee Baantuu ah, [[Musanbiig]] iyo [[Tansaaniya]], intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1800]] ilaa [[1890]], dad soomaali ah suuqii [[Sansibaar]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111016024128/http://www.cal.org/co/bantu/somali_bantu.pdf The Somali Bantu: Their History and Culture 2018-12-05]</ref> Bantuuga soomalida waa ka duwantahay, jir ahaan, dhaqan ahaan, way iska joogeen iyakoo kala daadsan dalka ilaa la soo gaaro qarnigii sagaal iyo tobanaad ilaa iyo hadda.<ref>L. Randol Barker et al., ''Principles of Ambulatory Medicine'', 7 edition, (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 2006), p.633</ref> waxaa la rumaysanyahay in tirada Baantuuga Soomaaliya uu gaarayso 900,000 qof ka hor dagaalkii sokeeye,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3020110.stm Tanzania accepts Somali Bantus]". BBC News. June 25, 2004.</ref> waxaa laga yaabaa in ay isdhimeen, gaar ahaan maxaa yeelay 12,000 qaxooti ee ku sugan [[Maraykanka]] laga soo bilaabo [[2003]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090519140201/http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2003/February/20030205164125sellis@pd.state.gov0.5013697.html Somali-Bantu Refugees to Find New Lives in United States] America.gov. 02/05/2003.</ref> sidoo kale tanzaaniya oo siisay dhalasho qaar ka mid ah waxay ku laabteen dhulkii awoowe yaashood.<ref>[http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/UNHCR/8ad8ca67e1bba9703647c92f12b7db6d.htm Somali Bantus gain Tanzanian citizenship in their ancestral land]</ref> [[File:Mogadishu_city_centre_-_1960s.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Moqadishu 1960s]] Bartamihii sanadkii [[2011]] waxaa la waayay laba xilli raabaad ee isku xigay taasoo sababtay in ay dhacdo [[Abaar]] muddo 60 sano laga joogo. Waxaa isi soo tartay abaarta waxana ka dhashay in la waayo wax dalag ah xoolihii oo le'day sicir barar ku yimid biyaha shidaalka iyo cunada, waxay sabatay barakac wadareed ee koofur Soomaaliya taasoo keentay iska hor imaadyada hubaysan, xarumaha quudinta ee dawladaha dariska. bishii Juun ee snadkii 2011, Waxay ku dhawaaqday [[Qaramada Midoobay]] si rasmi ah in ay gaajo daran ka jirto koofurta Soomaaliya, wayna sii korortay ka dib markii ay hayireen kooxaha dagaalka waday si loo gaarsiiyo gargaar dadka halkaa ku tabaalaysan.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111102172007/http://www.africa-eu-partnership.org/node/2158 The worst drought in 60 years in Horn Africa, Africa and Europe in Partnership]</ref> dhanka kale, dawladda soomaaliya waxay dhistay hay'ad qaran ee gargaar, taasoo ka kooban wasiiro badan ku howlan fududayn saamaynta abaarta ay ku reebtay dadk,<ref>[http://www.raxanreeb.com/?p=102255 SOMALIA: Government names national drought committee] {{Wayback|url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/?p=102255 |date=20111109180731 }}. Raxanreeb.com (2011-07-04). Retrieved on 2011-12-15.</ref> == '''Un Tiroka''' - 706 == ==IMF % == '''0.03%''' ==Xubin== {{columns-list|colwidth=20em| * [[IGAD]] * [[IORA]] * [[IMF]] * [[ICSID]] * [[Comesa]] * [[CEN-SAD]] * [[Midowga Afrika]] * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] }} ==Waadanmaha degaan Somalis Peninsula== * {{Flag|Sudan}} 6,000+ * {{Flag|Syria}} 6,500+ * {{Flag|Yemen}} 14,000+ * {{Flag|Norway}} 200+ * {{Flag|Finland}} 200+ * {{Flag|United Kingdom}} 250+ == Siyaasadda == {{Dheeraad|Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} [[File:Prime minister mahdi gulaidh khadar.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Mahdi Gulaid]] Siyaasadda soomaaliya waxay soo martay isbedbedel badan. Intii uu socday [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|Dagaalkii sokeeye]] kaaso dhaliyay burbur farabadan dawladdii Hantiwadaag kadib 1990, [[Soomaalida]] waxaa loo sameeyay [[Dastuur]], [[Federaaliisim|Federaal]] ah iyo Maamul Goboleed kuwaas oo ku yimid qaabab kala duwan, waxaa samaysamay [[Somaliland]] taasoo sheegatay in ay tahay [[Dowlad madax banaan|dawlad madax banaan]] kana go'day Soomaaliya inteeda kale, shacabka Soomaaliyeed raalli kama noqon goosashada Gobolada [[Woqooyi]] ee Soomaaliya 1991. Waxaa sidoo kala samaysmay [[Puntland]] 1998 taasoo ay sameysteen beelaha dega Bari, Bugaal iyo woqooyiga Mudug, waxaa sidoo kale la sameeyay [[Galmudug]] 2010. Horraantii 2000 waxaa la soo dhisay dawlad ku meel gaar ah waxaana madaxweyne ka noqday. Dott [[Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xassan]] (TNG) waxaa ku xigtay dawladii Federaalka ku meelgaarka ahayd ee loo yaqiin (TFG) [[2004]] waxaana madaxweyne ka noqday [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]] taasoo dalka galisay burbur horle waxayna soo galisay dalka ciidamada [[Itoobiya]], [[Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga]] ayaa gobollada koonfurta iyo bartamaha Soomaaliya isku fidiyay taasoo ka caraysiisay [[Itoobiya]] una aragtay fusad ay kula dagaalami karto ficilada ay sameeyeen. Markii meesha laga saaray Maxaakiimta ayaa waxaa soo baxay kooxo la magacbaxay Muqaawamo kana aas aasamay magaalada [[Muqdisho]] intii ay socotay muqaawamada waxaa barbar socday wadahadal UN-ka loo maray kaasoo uu garwadeen ka ahaa Axmed Walad Cabadlla keentayna in laga saaro Itoobiya dalka Soomaaliya bartamihii sanadkii [[2009]]. Waxaa maxaakiimta ka farcamay kooxda [[Al-Shabaab]] taasoo dalka dhibaatadii ka jirtay sii murjisay, taasoo dagaal la gashay dawlad lagu soo dhisay dalka [[Jabuuti]] Madaxweyne ka ahaa [[Sheekh Shariif Axmed]] 2010-2011 dagaal ba'an ku dhexmaray magaalada muqdisho iyo nawaaxigeeda, Madaxweyne Shariif xoogaa rajo ah ayay soo celisay Dawladdiisii loogu magacdaray Midnimo Qaran dawladdaas oo muqdisho ka fogaysay qatartii Al-shabaab iyadoo gacan ka helaysa [[Amisom|AMISOM]] wuxuu diyaariyay doorasho aad loogu riyaaqay,<ref>[http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2013/01/16/260703.html الرئيس الصومالي السابق: من كرسي الرئاسة إلى الدراسة Al-arabiya, 16 Jan 2013]</ref> kaasoo xilka si nabad ah ugu wareejiyay madaxweyne [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]. Waxaana taa xigay dawladdii uu madaxweynaha ka ahaa [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] taasoo ku guulaysatay isu soo dhoweyn Soomaalida dhexdeeda ah iyo dastuurka oo loo hogaansamo. ==Qaanuunka== Soomaaliya waxaa ka jira saddex nidaam qaanuun oo kala gadisan, waa: Qaanuunka madaniga, [[Shareecada Islaamka]] iyo xoogaa qawaaniin ah oo ay leeyihiin beelaha waana dhaqan soo jireen ah waxaana loo yaqaan Xeer. ===Qaanuunka madaniga=== Iyadoo uu ku dhacay burbur balaaran kaasoo hareeyay nidaamka cadaaladda Soomaaliya ka dib burburkii dawladdii Hantiwadaag laakiin waxaa la isku dayay dib u habaynta iyo dhisidda nidaamka garsoorka Soomaaliya iyo howlgalintiisa dhanka maamul goboleedyada Soomaaliya sida [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Puntland]] kuwaas oo leh xukun hoosaad, laakiin dawladda dhexe waxay diyaarisay bu'da nidaamka garsoorka cusub. Iyadoo ay jirto kala duwanaasho siyaasadeed dhamaan meelahaas hadana waxay ku midaysanyihiin dhamaantood hal qaanuun kaasoo ah mid soo jiray ilaa iyo dawladdii Hantiwadaag isagoo qiraya:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120118151830/http://www.hdcentre.org/files/Somalia%20report.pdf Stateless Justice in Somalia, Dr Andre Le Sage, Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue]</ref> * Jirtaanka dastuur dabooli kara xukuno ku salaysan [[Shareecada Islaamka]] ama fiqiga iyo waxii ay culumada muslimiidta isku waafaqeen sidaa daraadeed xukunada ku salaysan diinta laguma dhaqmo marka laga reebo arrimaha madaniga sida Guurk,a Furriinka, Dhaxalka iyo arrimaha madaniga ah ee kale. * Dhowrista xuquuqul insaanka iyo dhammaan qaanuunada la xiriira. Sidoo kale dastuurka wuxuu damaanad qaadayaa madax bannaanida garsoorka waxaana ka masuul ah Guddiga Adeegga Garsoorka. * Dhismaha adeeg Garsoor oo ka kooban saddex qaybood waana: Maxkamadda Sare, Maxkamadda Racfaanka, iyo Maxkamadaha Gobolada. * In ay shaqeeyaan qawaaniintii la sameeyay ka hor Hantiwadaaga 1969. *qaanuunka madaniga ah wa mid soo jireen aha oo mudo dheer soo socday oo ilaa imka jira dhamaan dadka somlaiyeedna ayku dhaqmaan *somaalia waa waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa libaax waayay garab oo waraabayaal badani haleen *waxaa somalia ay iska difaaci kartaa cadawgeega marka ay usoo Hantiwadaag dad wax bartay oo aqoon sare leh oo laga ilaaliyo ubaxa soo kacaaya qabyaalada ===Shareecada=== [[File:Sa white sesame seeds.jpg|thumb|right|193px|Beeraha Somalia]] [[Shareecada Islaamka]] waxay ka gashay kaalin lama huraan ah nolosha mujtamaca Soomaaliyeed, waxayba ahayd shareecada tiirka aasaaska ah ee laga tusaale qaato qawaaniinta marka la qorayo dastuur ee ka mid ah dastuurodii hore kuwaas oo la sameeyay intii ay jirtay nolosha ku salaysan siyaasadda,<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic, Article 8, p.6 |url=http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2010-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215171406/http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> sidaa daraadeed howl kasta waxay ku salaysnayd shareecada gaar ahaan howlaha madaniga ah sida guurka, furriinka, dhaxalka iyo waxyaabaha la xiriira qoyska; laakiin arrimahaas waxbaa iska bedelay dagaalkii sokeeye dabadii iyadoo ay soo baxeen maxkamado shareecada islaamka taasoo ku faaftay magaalooyin farabadan iyo deegaano ka mid ah Soomaaliya. Waxay noqotay kaalinta maxaakimta islaamiga taasoo aan horay looga baran: * Soo rogista xukunno arrimo kala gadisan; Madani iyo Ciqaab. * Abaabulka maleeshiyo iyo ciidamo u xilsaaran qabashada dambiilayaasha iyo joojinta waxyaabaha qaanuunka ka baxsan. * Haynta maxaabiista ilaa uu xukun kaga dhaco inta laga xukumayo. Samaysanka maxaakimta shareecada kuwaas oo muuqda wax fudud laakiin sida dhabta ah waxay ka samaysanyihiin nidaam maamul kana kooban gudoomiyaha maxkamadda ku xigeenka gudoomiyaha iyo afar qaalli. kuma koobna holaha ciidanka soo gudbinta warbixinno taasoo ah arrinta ugu muhiimsan ee ka kaabaysa xukunada ee ka soo baxa maxkamadaha waxayba u gudbaan xallinta khilaafaadka inta ayasan u gudbin saldhigyada maxaakimta waxaa dheeraad ah dabagalka dambiilayaasha iyo kuwa qaanuunka ku xadgudba kadib maxkamadaha ayaa loo dhiibayaa ee ku shaqada leh dambiyada fudud si ay u sii hayaan. Sidoo kale maxaakimta shareecda waxay sameeyeen dhisidda guddi dhaqaale madaxa bannaan soona uruuriya canshuurta lagu soo rogay ganacsiga iyo guud ahaan goobaha ganacsiga iyo meel kasta oo ganacsi ah. Marso [[2009]] Xukuumaddii ku meelgaarka ahayd waxay ku dhawaaqday in [[Shareecada Islaamka]] tahay halka laga qaato sharciga iyo soo saarista xukunada iyo qawaaniinta dalka.<ref>[http://www.arabnews.com/?page=4&section=0&article=119757&d=1&m=3&y=2009 Shariah in Somalia] – Arab News</ref> ===Xeerka=== Qarniyo badan Soomaalidu waxay adeegsan jireen nidaam sharci ama qaanuun kaasoo ku tiirsan dhaqanka iyo xeerarka jufooyinka sharciyadaasa ama qaanuunkaasa waxay Soomaalidu u taqiinay magaca "Xeer"; waa waxa sida dastuurka oo kale ah ama wax u dhow cahdi kala gadisan qaanuun ahaan mana jirto wakaalad ama hay'ad ama jiho ka msul ah taasoo cadaynaysa waxa uu yahay qaynuunka la raacayo marka uu jiro xukun maxkamadeed, taasoo mar kasta loolala laabanayo maxkamadda xeer beegtida ama golaha jufada si loo xadido xukunka ku haboon iyo sidii loo fulin lahaa. ==Habka maamul== Wuxuu ku salaysanyahay qodobka 49aad ee dastuurka Soomaaliya. Gobol gooni isu taagi karaa ma jiri karo, inta uu Gobol kale uu kuu biirayo, Dowladda Federaalka Somalia ayaa maamulaysa waxaana waajib ku ah gobalkaas inuu ku biiro gobol kale ama dawlad xubin ka ah Dawladda Federaalka mudo labo sano gudahood. ===Magaalooyin=== {{Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya}} [[File:Aden_Abdullah_Airport.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Intii uusan dhicin dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya, waxay u qaybsanayd maamul ahaan 18 Gobol, bulburkii kadib waxaa soo baxay maamulo beeleedyo; waxay Soomaaliya ahayd ka hor 1969 intii uusan dhicin inqilaabkii dawladdii rayadka ahayd 8 Gobol oo kaliya, Hantiwadaaga wuxuu ka dhigay 18 gobol kuwaas oo kala ah: {{columns |width = 150px |gap = 10px |col1 = 1 [[Awdal]]<br/>2 Bakool<br/>3 [[Banaadir]]<br/>4 [[Bari]]<br/>5 Baay<br/>6 [[Galguduud]] |col2 = 7 [[Gedo]]<br/>8 Hiiraan<br/>9 [[Jubbada Dhexe]]<br/>10 [[Jubbada Hoose]]<br/>11 [[Mudug]]<br/>12 [[Nugaal]] |col3 = 13 [[Sanaag]]<br/>14 [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]]<br/>15 [[Shabeellaha Hoose]]<br/>16 [[Sool]]<br/>17 [[Togdheer]]<br/>18 [[Woqooyi Galbeed]]}} Waxaa samaysamay maamul beeleedyo ka dhashay dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya waxaana ka mid ah: Waqooyiga Soomaaliya oo ku dhawaaqan madax banaani hal dhinac ah: [[Somaliland]] taasoo ka dhigan saddex gobol sida [[Awdal]], [[Woqooyi Galbeed]], [[Togdheer]] iyo Qaybo ka mid ah [[Sool]] iyo [[Sanaag]] oo ay kula dagaalameen [[Puntland]]. Sidaa daraadeed [[Somaliland]] waxay gobolladii usii qaybisay: [[Awdal]], [[Cayn]], [[Gabiley]], [[Hawd]], [[Maroodi Jeex]], [[Oodwayne]] [[Salal]] iyo [[Saraar]]. Waxaa sidaas oo kale [[Puntland]] samaysay Gobollo iyadoo kaga dayatay [[Somaliland]] Kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Bari]], [[Gardafuuy]], [[Haylan]], [[Karkaar]], [[Mudug]] iyo [[Nugaal]]. Ka sokoow in ay samaysay Puntland hadana waxay aqoonsantahay Dastuurka Soomaaliya kaasoo dhigaya Soomaaliya in ay tahay 18 Gobol kaasoo waxba kama jiraan ka dhigaya gobollada ay magacaawday. ===Habka maamul gobolleedyada=== Habka Federaalka ee lagu muransanyahay Soomaaliya wuxuu dalka u qaybiyay sidaan soo socota: * {{Flag|Soomaaliya}} wuxuu federaalka u qaybiyay. * [[Puntland]] * [[Galmudug]] * [[Somaliland]] * [[Khaatumo state]] * [[Jubaland]] * Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya * Hiiraan iyo Shabeellaha dhexe Qodobka 49aad ee Dastuurka Soomaaliya wuxuu qorayaa 2 gobol iyo wixii ka badan baa samayn kara Maamul ka tirsan Dawladda Soomaaliya, waxay durbadiiba ka dhalatay caqabad ku aadan xuduudaha maamullada. ==Juqraafiga iyo cimilada== Soomaaliya waxay dhacdaa bariga fog ee qaaradda afrika taasoo u muuqaal eg qaabka ay u samaysanyahay geeska [[Wayil|wayiyisha]] kaasoo ku badan qaaradda afrika sidaa daraadeed waxaa loogu magacdaray [[Geeska Afrika|geeska afrika]]. waxay soomaaliya ku fidsantahay inta u dhaxeysa loolka 10 waqooyi dhigta 49 bari. wuxuu gaarayaa bedka Soomaaliya 637,657 kiiloomitir iskuwareeg ah waxaa ka mid ah 10,320 kiiloomitir iskuwareeg ah waxay biyaha ka hayaan ilaa 1.6% ee bedeka guud ee dalka waxay waxyar uun ka yartahay gobolka [[Texas]] ee maraykanka. Sidoo kale waxay Soomaaliya leedahay xuduud barri ah oo dhererkeedu gaaraya 2,340 km ee kala berta dhammaan [[Jabuuti]] masaafo dhan 58 kiiloometer, [[Itoobiya]] masaafo dhan 1,600 kiiloomiter iyo [[Kiinya]] masaafo dhan 682 km, sidaa daraadeed Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer guud ahaan qaaradda Afrika, iyadoo gaareesya xeebta Soomaaliya dhererkeeda 3,025 kiiloomitir; dhul badeedka Soomaaliya wuxuu gaarayaa ilaa 200 [[Mayl]] Bad gudaha [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. {{Infobox Weather |metric_first= Yes |single_line= Yes |location =[[Soomaaliya]] |lixkor/Jan_Hi_°C =30 |Feb_Hi_°C =30 |Mar_Hi_°C =40 |Apr_Hi_°C =40 |May_Hi_°C =40 |Jun_Hi_°C =40 |Jul_Hi_°C =40 |Aug_Hi_°C =30 |Sep_Hi_°C =30 |Oct_Hi_°C =30 |Nov_Hi_°C =30 |Dec_Hi_°C =30 |Year_Hi_°C =30 |Jan_Lo_°C =15 |Feb_Lo_°C =15 |Mar_Lo_°C =15 |Apr_Lo_°C =15 |May_Lo_°C =15 |Jun_Lo_°C =15 |Jul_Lo_°C =15 |Aug_Lo_°C =15 |Sep_Lo_°C =15 |Oct_Lo_°C =15 |Nov_Lo_°C =15 |Dec_Lo_°C =0 |Year_Lo_°C =15 |Jan_Precip_mm =40 |Feb_Precip_mm =40 |Mar_Precip_mm =40 |Apr_Precip_mm =40 |May_Precip_mm =40 |Jun_Precip_mm =40 |Jul_Precip_mm =50 |Aug_Precip_mm =50 |Sep_Precip_mm =40 |Oct_Precip_mm =40 |Nov_Precip_mm =40 |Dec_Precip_mm =40 |Year_Precip_mm =500 |source = Daraasaad lagu sameeyey - Soomaaliya<ref>[http://countrystudies.us/somalia/34.htm|publisher Countrystudies.us Somalia - Climate 04]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |accessdate = 2009-11-04 }} ==Caafimaadka== Waxaa lagua tiriyaa dhibatada caafimaadka la xiriirta ee dhalmada Soomaaliya kuwa ugu muhimsan caqabadaha iyo dhibaatada ee horyaala ururada caafimaadka ka shaqeeya Soomaaliya sida [[UNICEF]]. waxaana caqabadahaas ugu waaweyn kororka saamiga dhimashada ee haweenka xilliga dhalmada sidoo kale koroka saamiga dhimashada caruurta dhawaan dhaladka ah sababo badan awgeed waxaana ka mid ah engaga neef mareenka iyo [[Malaariyo|malaariyada]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171115191540/https://www.unicef.org/somalia/health.html UNICEF Somalia - Health - Issue 2018-12-05]</ref> ==Waxbarashada== Wasaaradda Waxbarashada iyo Barbaarinta waa hay'adda kaliya ee rasmiga Soomaaliya u qaabishan habaynta socodsiinta waxbarashada dalka, waxay ka faaiidaysaa wasaaradda saami dhan 15% guud ahaan bixinata miisaaniyadda dawladda taasoo loogu talo galay tacliinta. Tacliintu Waxay noqotay mid muhiim u aha dawlad goboleedyada ama Soomaaliya ha ahaatee ama maamul goboleedyada leh madax banaanida gaarka ah, sanadkii [[2006]] waxay noqotay [[Puntland]] meesha labaad ee Soomaaliya marka laga yimaado [[Somaliland]], taasoo ka dhigtay tacliinta aasaasiga ah mid lacag la'an ah halka ay macalimiinta ka qaatada gunadooda bisha maamulka si toos ah.<ref>[http://www.afrol.com/articles/16083 Staff writer Puntland (Somalia) to introduce free primary schools Afrol News 2006]</ref> Sanadii [[2007]] waxaa batay tirada dugsiyada hoose ee soomaaliya 600 dugsi intii uusan dhicin dagaalkii sokeeye ila iyo 1,172 dugsi iyadoo uu kordhay qadar saami dhan 28% wadarta guud ee tirada ardada heerka hoose.<ref name="Basic education survey">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090205150949/http://education.puntlandgovt.com/BES_presentation2007.pdf Basic education survey]</ref> ==Dhaqaalaha== Asigoo socda dagaalkii sokeeye Soomaaliya waxaa u suuro gashay dhisidda dhaqaale soo koraya sanadihii u dambeeyay kuna tiirsan xoolha nool shirakada xawilaada lacagta iyo shirkadaha isgaarsiinta;<ref name="CIA2008"/> daraasad uu ku sameeyay [[Bankiga Aduunka]] sanadkii [[2003]] dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya waxay muujinaysaa koritaanka qaybaha gaarka ah qaab la arki karo gaar ahaan Ganacsiga iyo Xawilaadaha lacagta iyo adeega aasaasiga ah sidaa daraadeed waxay gaartay in ay ku hormarto qaybaha muhimka ah sida xoolaha beeraha iyo kalluumaysiga,<ref name="world bank 2003">[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/03/25/000112742_20040325090551/Rendered/PDF/282760Somalia0Country0reengagement0note.pdf Country Re-Engagement Note]</ref> sida ay muujisay daraasadda ay soo saartay qaramada midoobay sanadkii [[2007]] koritaanka qaybaha adeegyada<ref name="irin">[http://www.irinnews.org/country.aspx?CountryCode=SO&RegionCode=HOA The Somali Democratic Republic UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]</ref> aqoonyahanka [[Anthroboloji|Anthroboloji]] Spencer Heath McCallum ku saleeyay shuruucda beelaha soomaaliyeed "Xeer" asaas ahaan kaasoo suura galiyay beeyad ku wanaagsan dhaqaalaha si looga wada faaiideysto una wanaagsanaato danaha mashaariic dhaqaale.<ref>[http://mises.org/story/2701 The Rule of Law without the State, Somalia]</ref> Qaybta Beeraha waxaa lagu tiriyaa qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee xagga dhaqaalaha ee dalka iyadoo ah marka lagu daro xoolaha 40% [[Wax soo saar|wax soo saarka dadka]] ee soomaaliya kaasoo ah 65% guud ahaan waxyaabaha ka soo xarooda dhoofinta;<ref name="CIA2008">{{Cite web |ciwaan=CIA - The World Factbook - Somalia (2008) |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html#Econ |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2016-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html#Econ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> marka dhinac la iska dhigo wax soo saarka beeraha iyo hilibka la qalay ama asigoo nool taasoo ay dhoofiso Soomaaliya waxay kale oo ay dhoofisaa [[Kaluun|kaluunka]], [[Dhuxul|dhuxusha]], [[Moos|mooska]], [[Liin|liinta]], [[Galley|Galleyda]], [[Hadhuudh|masago]] dhammaantood waa wax soo saarka gudaha.<ref name="CIA2008"/> Arrinta ku saabsan dhoofinta xoolaha waxay soomaaliya dhoofisay 3 malyan oo xoolo nool ah sanadii [[1999]] waxaana laga dhoofiyay dekadaha [[Boosaaso]] iyo [[Berbera|berbera]] waxaa la dhoofiyay 95% guud ahaan orgida 52% iyo Wanan kuwaas oo laga dhoofiyay Bari afrika guud ahaan. Waxay dhoofisaa [[Somaliland]] sanadkiiba ku dhawaad 180 malyan tan oo xoolo ah marka lagu daro ilaa 480 malyan oo tan wax soo saarka beeraha. Sidaa daraadeed Soomaaliya waxay ku jirtaa suuqgeeyaha ugu weyn [[Lubaan|luubaan]] iyo [[Malmal|malmasha]] guud ahaan aduunka.<ref name="improvement">[http://www.independent.org/pdf/working_papers/64_somalia.pdf Somalia After State Collapse: Chaos or Improvement? Benjamin Powell, Ryan Ford, Alex Nowrasteh November 30, 2006]</ref> [[file:Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154.jpg|thumb|250px|waxaa jira tiro badan shirkadaha duulimaadyada gaarka ah taasoo taasoo hogaaminayasa dagaal xagga dhimista sicirka si ay u hesho tiro badan oo duulumaadyo ah si shirkadaha kale meesha uga saarto.]] Laakiin qaybta warshadaha waxaa ka jirta dhibaato la xiriirta dagaalkii sokeeye oo ku dhisan gasacaynta iyo diyaarinta wax soosaarka beeraha si looga dhigo wax la dhoofin karo, qaybta warshadaha ma dhaafsana 10% wax soo saarka guud ee gudha. Marka laga tago ku tiirsanaanta wax soo saarka beeraha waxaa biloowday qayba ka mid ah wax soo saarka warshadaha horumar ay sameeynayaan, tusaale ahaan waxaa jira shirkado taasoo hogaanka u haysa dagaal ah dhimista sicirka si ay u hesho duulimaadyo badan taasoo meesha ka saaraysa shirkadaha tabarta daran.<ref name = "WB2005-03-18">[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/SOMALIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20398872~menuPK:367671~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:367665,00.html Africa Open for Business The World Bank]</ref> Waxaa kaloo jira qaybo howlo tasoo korriin laga dareemaya taasoo ah mid ay ku tiirsanyihiin shacabka Soomaaliyeed ee dibadda jira sida shirkadaha taleefoonada mobilada iyo xarumaha idaacadaha gaarka loo leeyahay Maqayadaha internetka waxaa sidoo kale jira [[Koka koola]] ee caalami ah taasoo ku tusaysa taasoo ay ku kalsoon yihiin shirkadaha caalamiga ah marka la eego maalgashiga ee hadda Soomaaliya.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3865595.stm Ferrett Grant Coca-Cola Makes Somalia Return BBC News 2004]</ref> Sidaas daraadeed waxaa lagu tiriyaa shikadaha xawilaadda qaybaha ugu badan ganacsiga ee hadda jira, kuwaas oo sameeya ku shubista in ku dhow 2 Bilyan doollar sanadkiiba dalka gudihiisa iyagoo soo mariya xawilaadaha dibadda ee soomaalida dibadda<ref name="CIA2008"/> waxaana lagu tiriyaa shirkadaha aadka ugu dhaqdhaqaa badan qaybtaan shirkadahaan ma sameeyaan qaadista lacagta si xawilladaha khaashka ah waxaa ku xiran shirkaadaas shirkadda "Dahabshiil" oo xarunteedu tahay [[Hargaysa]] kuwaasoo ay ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan 1,000 soomaali waxay leedahay 40 laanmo dhamaan caalamka waxaa ka mid ah laanta [[Dubay]] iyo [[London]].<ref name="Forbes">[http://www.forbescustom.com/EmergingMarketsPgs/AbdirashidDualeInterviewP1.html Freeing Finance: If money makes the world go round, Dahabshiil CEO Abdirashid Duale makes sure it goes to the right people]</ref> Sida ay muujiyeen shirkado maraykan iyo shiine ah si isku mid ah inuu jiro dano muuqda ee ku saabsan macdanta ku jurta soomaaliya gaar ahaan soo saarista shidaalka waxaana taa cadeeyay shirkadda lagu magacaabo ''Range Resources'' ee maraykanka ah jiritaanka kayd badan oo shidaal ah dhulks maamul goboleedka [[Puntland]] lagu qiyaasan shan ilaa toban bilyan oo fuusto ee saliidda ceeriinka ah.<ref>[http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ Exploration rights in Somalia for Chinese oil giant CNOOC Oilmarketer.co.uk 2009-02-25]</ref> ==Isgaarsiinta iyo warbaahinta== Waxaa sii kordhayay tobankii sano ee u danbaysay tiro badan Wargaysyada xarumaha Idaacadaha iyo Talefishinada kuwaas oo aan ku ekayn oo kaliya caasimadda, laakiin u gudbay magaalooyinka waaweyn. kuwaas oo qabsaday warbaahinta. kuma eka oo kaliya warbaahinta waxyba gaartay isgaarsiinta xarigga dhulka iyo midda xarig la' iyadoo ay korotay adeegsedeyaasha [[Internet]]ka shan sano gudaheed intii u dhaxeeysay [[2002]] iyo [[2007]] qiyaastii 44,900% iyadoo gaartay heerkii ugu sareeyay koritaanka afrika abid.<ref>[http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats1.htm#africa Internet Usage Statistics for Africa, Internetworldstats.com]</ref> Iyadoo ay ka wada hadlayaan shirkadaha guud ee ka shaqeeya [[Macluumaadka Teknolojiyadda]] suuq ka kooban nus malyan adeegsade internet. waxaa hadda laga helaa Soomaaliya 22 [[Bixiyaha Adeegga Internet]] waxaa dheeraad ah ilaa 234 [[Maqaayad Internet]] oo dalka ku faafsan taasoo sanadkiiba ku guulaysatay gaarsiinta 15.6%. waxaana hadda la suurta-galiyay isgaarsiin Internet ah dhanka [[Dayax Gacmeed]]ka gaar ahaan meelaha fogfog taas oo aan lahayn [[Codsi Talefon|Khad taleefan]] ama shabkad xarig la' ah. Waxay ka mid ah [[Qaramada Midoobay]] ama [[NGO|Heeyadaha aan dawliga ahayn]] Hay'adaha maaliyadda gaar ahaan shirkadaha xawila lacagta iyo maqaayadaha internetka waa kuwa ugu badan adeesiga shabakadda caarcaarada Internetka ee dalka. Waxaa lagu tiriyaa qaybta [[Codsi Talefon|Isgaarsiinta Talefonka]] ee internetka kuwa ugu badanq qayb ahaan koritaanka marka loo eego dhamaan qaaradda isla goobta iyadoo koraysa tirada [[Talefon Guri]] kuwaasoo sanadkii gaari kara 12.5% (hadda waxaa la helaa 100,000 khad talefon guri) markii la barbar dhigo dawladaha kale ee dhaca geeska afrika gaar ahaan bariga afrika si guud kuwaas oo dhib ku qaba xiridda khadka talefonka guriga sabab ka dhalatay burburin ulakac ah sicir barar ku yimid fiilooyinka maarta ah ee loo adeegsado galinta taleefonada dhulka. Waxaa xusid mudan gaarsiinta khad dhulka ah ee kuwa cusub ah ee cusub waxay qaadanaysaa saddex maalmood oo kaliya Soomaaliya laakiin waxay gaari kartaa sanado dheer dalka dariska la ah ee lagu magacaabo [[Kiinya]]. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa qaybta isgaarsiinta ee xariga dhulka ah dalka waa qaybaha ugu wanaagsan marka loo eego qaarada Afrika kuwaas oo ay bixiyaan shirkado badan soona gudbiya adeeg heer sare ah waxaa ka mid ah la hadalka dibadda adigoo bixinaya 10 doollar oo kaliya, waxaa taa dheer Isgaarsiin xarig la' tasoo ay korortay koror aad u weyn tirada haysata ee shirkadaha adeega bixinta taleefonada xarig la' kaasoo gaaray 627,000 adeegsade. ==Ciidanka== Ciidanka somaliya waa kuwa igu awooda badan afrika waxa ayna la dagaalameen ciidankii itoobiya 1977 waxaan guuleestay ciidanka somaliya somaliya ciidankeeda wexee Ku bixisaa dakhli dhan 50 bilyan oo doolar waana ciida Ka daagalimi Kara cimila walba qaboow iyo kulee {{flag|Somalia}} Somalis 🇸🇴♥️♥️♥️♥️.!!` ==Beeyada== Soomaaliya waxaa hareeyay cimilo kulul oomane ah, halka uu gaarayo roobka da'a inta u dhexeysa sanadkiiba 10 20 iyo [[Inji]] halka ayna ka badnayn dhulka la beeri karo 2% bedka guud ee Soomaaliya, dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa mid ku reebay raad xun Kaymaha, waxaa la jaray in badan oo geedahaas ah ujeedaduna waxay ahayd [[Dhuxul]] taas oo sababtay [[Abaar|abaar]]. Dawladdii Hantiwadaaga waxay samaysay qorshe ballaaran ee ah beerista dhir guud ahaan jamhuuriyadda taas oo loola jeeday '''Bacaad celin''' iyo ka hortagga saxaraha. waxaana la aas'aasay markii ugu horaysay hay'adda beeyada ee soomaaliya xilligii Hantiwadaaga taasoo loogu magac-daray "ECOTERRA Somalia" ee raacsan "Golaha Beeyada Soomaaliya" taasoo gacan ka gaysatay wacyi galint ku saabsan beeyada waxay kaloo samaysay dhaqaajinta barnaamijkii beeyada dhammaan qaybaha xukuumadda sidoo kale heeyadaha bulshada rayadka ah sidoo kale waxaa la aas'aasay "xarunta cilimi baarista iyo la socodka iyo dhowrista nolosha barriga" iyadoo loo marayo heeyada "ECOTERRA" caalamiga ah sanadkii [[1986]], waxaa faaiidadeeda la arkay [[1989]] halka ay ogolaadeen xisbiyada dalka xukuumadda dhammaan saxiixa xukuumadda soomaaliya heshiis "manuuciaya ka ganacsiga nuucyada sii baaba'ya" (CITES) taasoo waxaa markii ugu horreysay la mamnuucay ka ganacsiga [[Ilik|faanta]] [[Maroodi|maroodiga]]. Waxaa taa la socday u dhaq-dhaqaaqda iyo abaal marinta goldman ee beeyada {{en|Goldman Environmental Prize}} Faaduma Jibriil olo-oleynta bulshada ee ku wajahnayd ku wacyi galinta beeyada waxayna ka soo biloowday magaaladii ay ku dhalatay iyadoo isku duba riday guddiyo ilaaliya nolosha barriga xeebaha, waxay kaloo tababartay kuwaas oo u howl gali doona ilaalinta beeyada gaar ahaan meelaha dhuxuusha laga gubo. ==Dadka== Waxa uu gaarayaa dadka [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliya]] dega ilaa 12,832,017 qof, waana tiro aan la hubin waxaana la xisaabsada tirada dadka tii ay samaysay dawladdii Hantiwadaaga [[1975]], waxaa kale oo jira trakoob soo baxay [[2015]] oo qiyaas ah kaas oo ay soo bandhigtay Wasaarada Qorshaynta Soomaaliya waxaana lagu sheegay 12,316,895 qof suurtagal maaha in la ogaado tirakoobka rasmiga ah ee hadda taasoo ay sababtu tahay mujtamaca soomaaliyeed oo u badan [[Reer guuraa]] sidoo kale tira badan oo barakacayaal ah kuwaas oo ka cararay baahi ama dagaal sokeeye, sidoo kale waxaa kordhay tirada ku maqan qurbaha dagaalkii sokeeye dabadii taasoo hadana sabatay in ay dalka ka cararaan aqoonyahanadii soomaaliyeed una cararaan [[Bariga Dhexe]], [[Yurub]] iyo [[Woqooyiga Ameerika]]. Sinjiga ugu badan, oo ah 85% waa [[Soomaali]] iyadoo aay jiraan sinjiyo kale oo isku dardar ah kuwaas oo gaaraya 15%, waxaa ka mid ah: Baantuuga Gibilcadka Barawaani Baajuun, [[Hindi]], [[Iiraan]] waxaa kaloo jira kuwo ay dhaleen isticmaarka xilligii gumaysiga talyaaniga kuwaas oo lagu magacaabo Misyooni oo gaaraya 30 kun oo qof waxaa jiri kara dadyoow kale ee aan Soomaali ahayn oo iska tagay markii xoriyadda la qaatay [[1960]] horayna u raacan isticmaarkii. ==Luqadda== [[File:R.publication Somali language.jpg|thumb|center|196px|Daabacadaha [[Af Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]]<ref> '''[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/ Buugag iyo Qormo Dhigashada… (Jw.org)] '''</ref>]] [[Af-Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]] waa Afka rasmiga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya waana Af-soomaaliga ([[Maay]] iyo [[Maxaa tiri]]), waa mid ka mid ah afafka [[Luqadaha Kushiitiga|Kushiitiga]] taasoo ah mid raacsan laan ka mid ah laamaheeda [[Afro-Aasiyatik|Afrika Aasiya]], kuwa ugu dhow Af-Soomaaliga waa Af-Cafarta taasoo looga hadlo [[Itoobiya]], [[Eratareya]] iyo [[Jabuuti]], sidoo kale [[Oramada]] taasoo iyana looga hadlo [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kiinya]]. Af-Soomaaligu waa tan ugu badan Afafka Kushitiga loogu qorista badanyahay sideedaba,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200327170337/http://www.springerlink.com/content/b14r67j54k377r7g/ A software tool for research in linguistics and lexicography: Application to Somali 2018-12-05]</ref> Waxaa jirtay daraasad cilmiyeed ku saabsan [[Af-Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]] kana horaysay 1900. ==Diinta== Muddaddii qadiimiga, Soomaalidda waxay ku baraarugsanaan jiray diinta [[Waaqiya]], laakin maanta, marka laga reebo in yar oo ka mid ah [[Soomaalida|shacabka soomaaliyeed]] dhammaantood waxay haystaam [[Islaam|islaamka]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061214023655/http://www.mepc.org/workshops/popstat.asp Middle East Policy Council - Muslim Populations Worldwide 2018-12-05]</ref> badankood waa [[Ahlu sunno waljamaaca|sunno]] kuwaas oo haysta [[Madhabo|madhabka]] shaaficiyadda ]'<ref name="Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi">Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi, ''Culture and Customs of Somalia'', (Greenwood Press: 2001), p.1</ref> wuxaa lagu tilmaamaya dastuurka soomaaliya in ay diinta islaamku tahay diinta kaliya ee dalka ka jiri karta, shareecada islaamkuna tahay asalka. ==Ciidaha iyo fasaxyada rasmiga ah== {{Ciidaha Soomaaliya}} ==Dhaqanka== Soomaalidu waxay ku abtirsataa dhaqan fac weyn oo xeerar iyo qawaaniintiisa leh. Marka aad culuuntan dhaqanka qaarkood dhegeysato waxaad garan karaysaa baaxadda dhaqan cilmiyeysan ay laahaayeen Soomaalidii hore. Dhaqanka soomaaliyeed wuxuu isugu jiraa caadooyin waxyaabo la soo wariyay dhaqankaas oo ku kaydsan maskaxda waayeelka soomaaliyeed taasoo casriyo hore lagu dhaqmi jiray dhaqamada gudaha iyo dhaqamada dawlado kale keeneen soomaaliya waa mid ku salaysan taariikh sida [[Itoobiya]] [[Kiinya]], [[Yemen]] ,[[Hindiya]] iyo [[Iiraan]]. ===Miyuusigga=== Soomaaliya waxay uga duwantahay dunida inteeda kale iyadoo ah mid ka mid ah dawladaha Afrika taasoo shacabkeedu ka koobanyahay hal qomiyad waana [[Soomaali]] taasoo ka dhigtay in ay ka midaysan yihiin naaxiyadda muusikada guud ahaan dalka waana waxa ka caawiyay faafinta kooxada muusikada soomaaliyeed oo ay ka mid tahay kooxda "Waabari" iyo "Horseed" meela ka baxsan Soomaaliya qaar ka mid ah ayaa sameeyay laxan heesaa soomaaliyeed sida "[[Maryan Mursal]]" iyagdoo musikadii Soomaaliyeed qaybo kale oo reer galbeed ku dhexdartay. ===Fanka=== * Fanka soomaalida wuxuu u qaysanyahay: * Fan shaxaneed, sida farshaxanka – Sawirka – Far-guri – Injineernimo – Dhisme – Fanka dhismaha – Geeda qoris... * Fan ku luuqeen, Suugaan – sida Miyuusiga – Heesaha - Shineemda iyo masraxiyadda – Gabayga – Sheeko xiriirta... * Fan Cayaareed, sida qoobka cayaarka – Gamuuan tuurka – Indhe sarcaad – Shiribka – Jaandheerta – Dhaantada... Waa hab, [[gabay|abuurida]], qurxinta, habaynta iyo soo bandhiga [[hees|heesaha Soomaalida]], [[ruwaayad]]aha iyo [[majaajilo]]oyinka u dhaqanka ah [[dadka Soomaalida]] ah meelkasta ooy joogaan, gaar ahaan inta ku dhaqan [[Bariga Afrika]]. Guud ahaan, fanka Soomaalidu waa nooc ka mid ah [[Suugaan|Suugaanta Soomaalida]]. Sidoo kale, dadka ku hadla [[Af Soomaali]]ga waxay leeyihiin [[fan]] aad u heersareeya, qani ku ah aqoon iyo xirfad qoto dheer. In kastoo fanka maanta jira yahay mid aad u da' yar wuxuu leeyahay waaxyaabo iyo noocyo aad u badan. Kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah [[qaaci|heesaha qaaciga]], [[qaraami]]ga, heesaha jaaska, [[ruwaayad]]aha, [[majaajilo]]yinka, [[filim]]aanta, bandhigyada fanka, qoob-ka-ciyaarka iyo guud ahaan madadaalada ku baxda luuqada [[Soomaaliga]]. ===Cunto karinta=== [[file:Somali food.jpg|thumb|196px|nuucyada kala gadisan ee [[Cunto kariska soomaalida|Cunto]].|alt=]] Cunto kariska Soomaalida wuu kala gadisanyahay meel walbo meesha kale sidaa daraadeed inuu ka mid yahay waxyaabaha muhimka u ah soomaalida in laga heli karo meel kasta ee dalka ka mid ah cunto [[Xalaal]] ah sida ay qabto diinta islaamka sida in aysan dhici karin wax ay ku jiraan xedha doofaarkaama [[Hilib]] [[Doofaar]] sidoo kale ma laga yaabo in laguu keeno [[Cabitaan]] alkolo ah nuucyadii kala duwan, sidoo kale lagama cuno bakhtiga, ama dhiiga la fariisiyay. Soomaaliya waxaa laga qadeeyaa kowda wixii ka dambeeya duhurka dabadii laakiin inta lagu guda jiro bisha [[Ramadaan]] waxaa la cunayaa Marka ay dhamaato salaadda taraawiixdataasoo xitaa gaadhi karta kow iyo tobanka fiidnimo. waxaa la cunaa "Cambuulada" oo ugu badan bisha Soomaaliya taasoo laga cuno dhammaan dalka, waxaa la kariyaa marka hore cambuulada, taasoo meelaha qaar looga yaqaan digir ([[Af-Soomaali]]: digir), muddo gaarsiisan shan saacadood oo xidhiidh ah dab yar oo khafiif ah si ay u noqoto mid bisil. Waxaa kale oo jirta [[Muufo]] taasoo ka samaysan [[Galley|Ganleey]] la shiiday kadibna la cajiimay laguna dubay [[Tinaar]], waxaa qaabkaas oo kale loo sameeyaa [[Sabaayad]] waxay kaga duwantahay dubista. ==sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Soomaali luqadda dhegoolaha]] * [[Somaliland]] * [[Djibouti]] * [[IGAD]] * [[Diinta Soomaalida]] ==Xogta== {{reflist}} ==Daabacado kale== <div class="mw-content-ltr"> * Hadden, Robert Lee. 2007. [http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA464006 "The Geology of Somalia: A Selected Bibliography of Somalian Geology, Geography and Earth Science."]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Engineer Research and Development Laboratories, Topographic Engineering Center, Alexandria, VA. Abstract. * Hess, Robert L. ''Italian Colonialism in Somalia''. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1966. *Fitzgerald, Nina J. ''Somalia''. New York: Nova Science, Inc., 2002. * Lewis. I.M. ''Pastoral Democracy: A study on Pastoralism and Politics among the Northern Somali clans''. Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1958. ISBN 978-3-8258-3084-7. * Mwakikagile, Godfrey. ''The Modern African State: Quest for Transformation'', Chapter Four: Somalia: A Stateless State - What Next?, pp.&nbsp;109–132, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Huntington, New York, 2001. * Tripodi, Paolo. ''The Colonial Legacy in Somalia''. New York: St. Martin's P Inc., 1999. </div> ==Linkiyo banaanka ah== ; Xukuumadda * [http://www.tfgsomalia.net Websitkii dawladdii federaalka ku meel gaarka ahayd] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tfgsomalia.net/ |date=20190924214612 }} * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/somalia.html Raysulwasaaraha iyo liiska wasiirada] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/somalia.html |date=20120926194338 }} * [https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/iimaan-run-ah/iimaanka-runta-ah-muxuu-yahay/ Soomaali: Iimaan Run ah Waa Waddada Nolol Farxad Leh] ;Macluumaad guud * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html Bogga Soomaaliya ee buugga ''World Factbook'' Sirdoonka Maraykanka] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |date=20160701194614 }} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/somalia.htm Maktabadda jaamacadda koloraado] * [http://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Somalia Hagista safarka ee soomaaliya (Af-Ingiriis) ee websiteka ''Wikivoyage''] ;Warbaahin * [http://allafrica.com/somalia/ Wararka ugu doorka roon ee doomaaliya] websiteka ''allafrica.com'' * [http://www.irinnews.org/Africa-Country.aspx?Country=SO IRIN Somalia] Wararka iyo hubinta warsaxaafadeedka ee ku saabsan arrimaha bini aadamnimo ee soomaaliya ;Kuwo kale {{col-begin}} {{col-1-of-2}} * [http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/somalia Hay´adda laanqeerta cas ee Soomaaliya] * [http://www.somaliaonline.com/ Somalia Online] * [http://www.somalilink.com/ The Somali Link] * [http://education.nairobi-unesco.org/ Xafiiska UNESCO ee nairobi ee quseeya waxbarashada Soomaaliya] {{col-2-of-2}} * [http://education.nairobi-unesco.org/PDFs/somalia.pdf Xafiiska UNESCO ee Nairobi barnaamijyafa tacliinta ee dhammaan 2015 - Soomaaliya] * [http://www.kataaib.net Websiteka Mustaqbalka umadda Soomaaliyeed] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kataaib.net/ |date=20081028004403 }} * [http://www.mapsyou.com/mapsFrame.aspx?p1=117 Khariidada ee websitka ado] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mapsyou.com/mapsFrame.aspx?p1=117 |date=20090114115414 }} * [http://www.jaallesiyaad.com Websiteka rasmiga ah ee taariikhda gaarka ah Madaxweyne Syd. Barre] {{col-end}} {{Jiho | Woqooyi Galbeed = {{flag|Djibouti}} | Woqooyi = {{flag|Yemen}} • ''[[Gacanka Cadmeed]]'' | Woqooyi Bari = ''[[Gacanka Cadmeed]]'' | Galbeed = {{flag|Ethiopia}} | Magaca = {{flag|Somalia}} | Bari = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' | Koofur = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' | Koofur Galbeed = {{flag|Kenya}} | Koofur Bari = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' }} {{coord|02|02|N|45|21|E|type:Soomaaliya | display=title}} {{Maqaal Xul Ah|subst=4928983 |Taariikh=26 Diseember 2015}} {{Portal bar|Soomaaliya}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Soomaaliya|*]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah midowga afrika]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah jaamacadda carabta|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah ururka iskaashiga islaamka|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka ugu horumarka liita|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah qaramada midoobay|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Geeska Afrika|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka dhaca badweynta hindiya|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka iyo meelaha looga hadlo af-soomaaliga|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Jamhuuriyadaha]] [[Category:Wadamada Afrika|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka federaalka ah|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Mustacmarado hore ee talyaaniga|Soomaaliya]] __INDEX__ e6wky3t3bbum5g00w8d7gsc77g2xqe7 238403 238402 2022-07-21T10:01:24Z 62.140.210.135 /* Waadanmaha degaan Somalis Peninsula */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Soomaaliya}} {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{Coord|10|N|49|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Soomaaliya | common_name = Somalia | native_name = Federal Republic of Somalia</br>جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_coat =Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | national_anthem = "{{lang|so|[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]|italic=no}}"<Br><center>[[File:Somalian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]</center> | image_map = Somalia (orthographic projection).svg | map_caption = Meelaha ay maamusho Dowlada Somalia waxaa lagu muujiyay cagaar madow ah; meelaha ay maamusho dowladda somaliland waxaa lagu muujiyay cagaar khafiif ah. Soonayaasha la maamulaayo waa mida waqtigaan xaadirka.<!-- Parameter is earmarked for text description of location of country per [[Template:Infobox_country#Syntax]]. --> | image_map2 = Somalia - Location Map (2011) - SOM - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[Muqdisho]] | coordinates = {{Coord|2|2|N|45|21|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Soomaali|Soomaali]] | [[Af-Carabi|Carabi]]}} | languages_type = Afafka qalaad | languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriis]]|[[Af-Taliyaani|Talyaani]]<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ita ethnologue.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&category=&publisher=&type=LEGISLATION&coi=SOM&rid=456d621e2&docid=4795c2d22&skip=0 Scuola media di Mogadiscio]</ref>}} | religion = [[Islam]] | demonym = [[Soomaalida]] | government_type = [[Federation|Federaal]] [[Baarlamaanka Jamhuuriyadda]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweynaha]] | leader_name1 = [[Hasan Sheekh Maxamuud]],[[PDP]] | leader_title2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Raiisul wasaaraha]] | [[Mohamed Hussein Roble]] | legislature = [[Baarlamaanka Dowlada Fadaraalka||Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] | sovereignty_type = [[Taariikhda Soomaaliya|Samaynta]] | established_event9 = [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska Somaliland]] | established_date9 = 1884 | established_event10 = [[Boqortooyada Talyaaniga Somaliland]] | established_date10 = 1889 | established_event11 = ka xoroobay [[Boqortooyada Talyaaniga]] | established_date11 = 1 Juulyo 1960 | established_event12 = [[Qaraarka Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay 141|Qaraarka Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay]] ogolaashaha [[Qaramada Midoobay]] | established_date12 = 20 Sebteembar 1960 | established_event13 = [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka hadda]] | established_date13 = 1 Agoosto 2012 | area_km2 = 637,657 | area_rank = 43rd <!--should be same as listed on [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 246,200 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | percent_water = | population_estimate = 11,031,386 | population_estimate_year = 2017 | population_estimate_rank = {{smaller|76th}} | population_density_km2 = 19.31<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161003235053/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/arabstates/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf UNFPA Somali Population Survey 2014]. Somalia.unfpa.org (6 April 2014). Retrieved 6 October 2016.</ref> | population_density_sq_mi = 41.73 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | GDP_PPP = [[United States dollar|US$]] | GDP_PPP_year = 61 | GDP_PPP_rank = 75 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]3077.23 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 100 | GDP_nominal = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]8.7 Billion Dollars | GDP_nominal_year = | GDP_nominal_rank = {{smaller|114th}} | GDP_nominal_per_capita = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]2716 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = {{smaller|133rd}} | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI = <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank =153 | currency = [[Shilin Soomaali]] | currency_code = $1=100 SOS | time_zone = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Lambarka Taleefoonada Soomaaliya|+252]] | cctld = [[.so]] | today = |leader_name2=[[Maxamed Xuseen Rooble]]}} '''Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|Somalia}}, [[Carabi|Af Carabi]] الصومال), sida rasmiga ah loo yaqaano '''Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|Federal Republic of Somalia}}) (waxaa hore loo oran jirey [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]] xiligii hore ee Hantiwadaaga), oo sii dhaxal ahaana loo yaqaano '''Soomaal''' waa [[Dowlad]] iyo wadan dhacda [[Geeska afrika|Geeska Afrika]] ama Foolalka [[Afrika]] ee kasii socda [[Marinka Gardafuul]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay maamul goboleedyo sida [[Puntland]], [[Jubaland]], [[Galmudug]], [[Hirshabeelle]], [[Koonfur Galbeed]]. Waxaa ka xiga bariga [[marinka Gardafuul]] iyo [[Seyshelles]], iyo [[Soqotra]] iyo [[badda Soomaal]], koofuurna [[Kenya]]. Waxaa ku nool dad [[Faanyahan]] ah, iyo dadka [[Dhul-hoos Bari Kushiitik]] ah. Waxaa dawlada Soomaaliya ka horeeyay boqortooyada [[Diiriye Guure]]. Juquraafi ahaan [[Kiinya]] Koofur galbeed, iyo [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] woqooyiga iyo [[Marinka Gardafuul]] bariga iyo [[Itoobiya]] galbeedka. Waxay leedahay xad badeedka ugu dheer qaaradda Afrika. Waxaa kala duwan qaabka dhulka kuwaas oo kala ah [[Buur|Buuro]], [[Dul]] iyo [[Bannaan]]. Cimiladeeda oo ah lama degaan kulul dhamaan sanadka iyada oo ay jiraan xoogaa dabaylo xilliyeed iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. [[File:ShenDuGiraffePainting.jpg|thumb|right|250px|]] [[File:Somalia scramble for africa period geledi hobyo huwan, Diiriye Guure kingdom.png|thumb|right|195px|]] [[File:Somshil5r.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] [[File:Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud-vf.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Soomaaliya xilliyadii hore waxay ahayd meelaha ugu muhiimsan [[Ganacsi|ganacsiga]] caalamiga ah ee ka dhexeeyay dawladihii hore ee caalamka. Xilli ay ahaayeen Badmareenada iyo ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed kuwo dhoofiya [[Luubaan]]ta iyo [[Malmal]]sha taasoo ka dhignayd kuwo u soo saari jiray [[Masar|Masartii hore]], Fiiniqiyiintii, Maysuuniyiintii iyo Baabil taasoo isku xiri jirtay dhammaan gaadiidka Awrta ama [[Geel]]a ganacsiga Soomaaliyeed waxay la wadaageen [[Soomaalida]] xiriir ganacsi.<ref>Phoenicia pg 199</ref><ref>The Aromatherapy Book by Jeanne Rose and John Hulburd pg 94</ref> Sida ay la tahay in badan oo taariikhyahano ah iyo kuwa dhiga taariikhda, waxay cadeeyeen Soomaaliya in ay tahay meesha lagu tilmaamay dhukii Buntiga ee hore taasoo la lahayd xiriir wanaagsan Faraaciintii [[Masar]] gaar ahaan xilligii [[Fircoon]] "saaxuurac" ee ka midka ahaa boqoradii [[Masar]] casrigii Dawladdii hore, iyo boqortooyadii "Xatshabsuut" ee ka mid aheeyd boqoradii qoyskii reer masar ee sideed iyo tobanaad casrigii dawladda cusub.<ref>Egypt: 3000 Years of Civilization Brought to Life By Christine El Mahdy</ref><ref>Ancient perspectives on Egypt By Roger Matthews, Cornelia Roemer, University College, London.</ref><ref>Africa's legacies of urbanization: unfolding saga of a continent By Stefan Goodwin</ref><ref>Civilizations: Culture, Ambition, and the Transformation of Nature By Felipe Armesto Fernandez</ref> Waxaa loo malaynayaa arrinkaas dhismeyaasha Ahraamta iyo Macbadyo iyo dhismeyaal ee lagu dhisay Garanayt iyo Shiil Cad taasoo loo malaynayo waqtigeeda isla xililligaas una dhigma kuwa la midka ah ee dhismeyaashii msar.<ref>Man, God and Civilization pg 216</ref> sidoo kale xilliyadii hore, waxaa tartamayay dawlado kuwaasoo isku dayay in ay xiriir la yeeshaan dadyoow deganaa dhuka Soomaaliyeed sida jasiiradda xaafuun raas casayr iyo Malaw iyo Mareeg iyo dariskooda Boqrtooyadii Saba iyo Arshek iyo Boqortooyadii Aksam ee ku salaysan ganacsi iyo qaybo ka mid ah boqoro ka jiray Hindiya iyo [[Giriig]]a iyo Roomaanka.<ref>Oman in history By Peter Vine Page 324</ref> Markii ay ka soo if baxday diinta islaamka meel ku beegan geeska AfricaSoomaaliya [[Baddacas|Badda cas]] waxay soo qaateen ganacsatada iyo badmareenada soomaaliyeed ee aadi jiray Jasiirad la mooda carbeed diinta Islaamka taasoo ka dhalatay macaamilka ay la lahaayeen [[carabta]] Muslimka ah. Hijrooyinkii ay sameeyeen dad saxaabada ka mid ah meelo badan oo dunida muslimka ah qarniyadii hore ee diinta islaamku faafaysay ayaa waxay sahashay in ay soomaalidu qaadato diinta islaamka si nabad ah macalimiin Soomaaliyeedna ayna barayeen dadka, waxaa ka dhismay dhulka Soomaaliyeed dawlado iyo magaalooyin islaami ah sida magaalooyinka [[Muqdisho]], [[Baraawe]], [[Mareeg]] iyo [[Marka]], taasoo ahayad qayb ka mid ah ilbaxnimadii Soomaalida. Waxaa loo yaqiin magaalada muqdisho ''"Magaaladii Islaamka"''<ref>Society, security, sovereignty and the state in Somalia – Page 116</ref> Waxaa la joogay ganacsiga [[Dahab|dahabka]] ee ku taal [[Bariga Afrika]] qarniyo badan.<ref>East Africa: Its Peoples and Resources – Page 18</ref> iyo [[Casriyadii dhexe]], Boqotooyooyin Soomaaliyeed baa la wareegay wadooyinkii ganacsiga sida [[saldanadii Ajuuraan]] taasoo xukumaysay dhulka intii u dhexaysay qarniyadii laba iyo tobanaad ilaa todoba iyo tobanaad ciise dabadii taasoo alliftay hindisaha cilmiga dareeraha dheqdheqaaqa iyo dhismeyaasha darbi difaaca,<ref>Shaping of Somali society Lee Cassanelli pg.92</ref> Sidoo kale [[saldanadii Cadal]] taasoo [[Imaam Axmed Guray]] waa ciidankii ugu horeeyay afrika ee adeegsada Madfac dagaalkii lagula jiray xabashida<ref>Futuh Al Habash Shibab ad Din</ref> intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1529]] ilaa [[1543]], sidoo kale qoyskii Goonroon taasoo xukumi jirtay magaalada Laamu ee xiriirka la lahayd saldanada cumaan ee iyana hoos imaan jirtay [[Cusmaaniyiinta]] kaasoo ka qaadi jiray Jizyo [[suldaan axmed yuusuf]], suldaankii afaraad ee Ajuuraan kaasoo xukumayay intii u dhexaysay [[1848]] ilaa [[1878]].<ref>Sudan Notes and Records – Page 147</ref> Qarnigii sagaal iyo tobanaad kadib [[kulankii Baarliin 1884]], boqortooyooyinka yurub waxay u soo direen cidmadooda Baragiga Afrika Si ay dhulkaas caalamka istiraatiijiga u ah u qabsadaan taasoo kaliftay in [[Diiriye Guure]], aasaasihii dawladdii daraawiishta in uu ciidamo soomaali ah ka soo usruusado geeska afrika oo dhan waxay ahayd inta taariikhda la ogyahay is hortaag kii ugu weynaa ee lagu sameeyo Isticmaarka.baraawe Waxaa u suurta gashay Soomaalida ugu horayn ka hortagga Soomaalida.<ref>Politics, language, and thought: the Somali experience – Page 135</ref><ref>Africa report pg 69</ref><ref>Essentials of geography and development: concepts and processes By Don R. Hoy, Leonard Berry pg 305</ref><ref>Encyclopedia of African history – Page 1406</ref> dawladii boqortooyada Diiriye Guure waxay iska caabiyeen [[Ingiriiska]] afar mar oo isxigta waxaana lagu qasbay in ay dib ugu gurato dhanka xeebaha. waxay jabtay boqortooyda [[Diiriye Guure]] [[1920]] kadib adeegsigii Ingiriiska uu adeegsaday diyaaradaha intii dagaalka lagu jiray duqaynta [[taleex]] caasimadda ciidankii [[Diiriye Guure]] iyo dhamaan dhulkii [[Diiriye Guure]] waxaa la wareegay ciidmadii gumaysiga Ingiriiska. Sidoo kale [[Talyaaniga]] wuxuu la kulmay iska caabin kaga imaanaysay salaadiin Soomaaliyeed mana uwada suurta galin in uu wada qabsado qaybo ka mid ah dalka ee hadda loo yaqaan Dawladda Soomaaliya marka laga reebo xilligii fajiistaha dabayaaqadii sanadkii [[1927]] waxayna haysteen ilaa [[1941]] kaasoo lagu bedelay xukunkii ciidmada ee Ingiriiska. Woqooyiga Soomaaliya wuxuu sii ahaaday mustacmarad Ingiriis ah halka koofurta Soomaaliya isku bedeshay dawlad madax bannaan laakiin ay la socoto wasaayad ilaa laga gaaro midayntii labada gobol [[1960]] kuma midoobeen magaca Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya. [[File:Somrepitu.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Soomaaliya waxay xubin ka noqotay [[Jaamacada Carabta]] sanadii [[1974]]. sidoo kale Soomaaliya waxay xiriir fiican la samaysatay dadlalk afrika, waxay ka mid ahayd dawladihii aasaasay [[Midowga Afrika]], waxay taageeri jirtay ANC ee [[Koonfur Afrika]] kana soo herjeeday nidaamkii ''Apartheid'' ee cunsuriga ahaa<ref>[http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/anctoday/2007/text/at01.txt ANC Today Volume 7, No. 1, 12-18 January 2007]</ref> waxay kaloo taageertay Soomaaliya dagaalyanada [[Eratareya]] intii ay ku jirtay Eretariyiinta dagaalkii looga soo horjeeday [[Itoobiya]].<ref>Superpower diplomacy in the Horn of Africa – Page 22</ref> Iyadoo ka mid ah Dawladaha Islaamiga hadana Soomaaliya waxay ahayd aasaasayaashii [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] sidoo kale waxay xubin ka ahayd [[Qaramada Midoobay]]. Soomaaliya iyadoo dhibaato kala kulantay [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]] iyo deganaasho la'an ku baahday gudaha, waxay ku guulaysatay abuurista Suuq xor ah kana sareeya inbadan ee nidaamayada dhaqaale ee Afrika kale sida ay sheegtay daraasad ay sameeysay qaramada midobay.<ref>[http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=25433&Cr=Somalia&Cr1= UN news center. Somalia economy stronger than others in Africa, UN-backed meeting says]</ref> ==Taariikh== {{Faahfaahin|Taariikhda Soomaaliya}} *Calanka Soomaalida *Calanka Itaalyaaniga *Calanka United Nations Trusteeship]] {{Taariikhda Soomaaliya}} === Casrigii wixii ka horeeyay taariikhda === Dadka waxay yimaadeen dhulka Soomaaliyeed Casrigii dhagxaanta, taasoo loo celinayo sawirada lagy hardhay darbiyada godoka woqooyiga Soomaaliya sanadihii 9000 CH. gododkaas waxaa ugu caansan "Laas Geel" oo ku taal meel u dhow [[Hargaysa]] taasoo lagu arkay darbiyada mid ka mid ah kuwii ugu horeeyay ee waxa darbiyada lagu sawiray ah qaaradda afrika. sidoo kale awaxaa la helay qoraallo ku hoos qoran sawirada ama darbiyada si guud laakiin Culimada Raadraaca uma suuta galin in ay aqoonsadaan sumadaha luqadaas ama qoraalladaas marka laga reebo.<ref>Susan M. Hassig, Zawiah Abdul Latif, ''Somalia'', (Marshall Cavendish: 2007), p.22</ref> Intii lagu jiray [[Casrigii dhagaxa]] waxaa soo baxay ilabaxnimo ka jirtay meela ku dhowdhow magaalada hargaysa. Sidoo kale waxaa la helay waxa ku tusaya meel qabuuro lagu sameeyay Janaaso ee geeska afrika taasoo laga helay Soomaaliya taasoo loo malaynayo taariikhdeeda afar kun sano CH. Sidoo kale waxaa qalab laga soo saaray meesha "Galiilow" ee taariikhiga ah woqooyiga Soomaaliya taasoo ah isku xiraha Bari iyo Galbeed intii lagu jiray qarniyadii ugu horeeyay ee dadka dhulka ugu soo horeeyay.<ref>Prehistoric Implements from Somaliland by H. W. Seton-Karr pg 183</ref> [[File:Mogadishustadium.jpg|thumb|195px|alt=cecafa International Stadium |cecafa international stadium]] == Qarniyadii hore iyo waagii Diiriye Guure == Baydka [[Gunbur|pyramidical]] dhismayaasha, [[ Mooshin|mausoleums]], magaalooyinkii baabba'ay, oo derbiyadeeda dhagax, sida [[Wargaade Wall|Wall Wargaade]], waa caddayn ilbaxnimada duug ah in hal mar soo halgamay ee Jasiiradda Soomaali.<ref name="Nthos">[https://books.google.com/?id=FlL2vE_qRQ8C Njoku Raphael Chijioke The History of Somalia ABC-CLIO, 29–31]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=RO4kS1IR71sC Dalal Roshen, The Illustrated Time History of the World, 2011, The Rosen Publishing Group, 131]</ref> Ilbaxnimadani waxay ku raaxaysatay xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd [[ Masar qadiimiga ah|Masar qadiimiga ah]] iyo [[ Mycenaean Griiga|Mycenaean Giriig]] ilaa qarnigii labaad ee sano ka hor, iyagoo taageeraya fikirka ah in Soomaaliya ama gobollada ku dhow ay ahaayeen meesha [[Dhul Udug|Dhulkii]] hore [[Dhulkii punt|ee Punt]]. <ref name="Nthos" /><ref>[https://books.google.com/?id=1E13DorsFMEC Abdel Monem A. H. Sayed|first=Zahi A. Hawass (ed.), Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty Century: Archaeology, 2003, American Univ in Cairo Press, P 432–433]</ref> Puntites waxay ka ganacsan jireen [[malmal]], udgoon, dahab, alwaax, lo'di gaaban, fool maroodi iyo [[Uunsi|frankincense oo ay]] la galeen Masriyiintii, Fenisiyiinta, Baabuloonkii, Hindiya, Shiinaha iyo Roomaaniya iyagoo adeegsanaya dekedohooda ganacsi. Safarkii Masaarida u diray [[Sideed iyo tobnaad Masar|Boqortooyada 18-aad ee]] Boqortooyada [[Hatshepsut]] ayaa lagu duubay macbudyada ku yaal [[Deir el-Bahari]], xilligii boqornimadii Boqorka Puntite Parahu iyo boqoradda Ati.<ref name="Nthos" /> Sanadkii 2015kii, falanqayn gaar ah oo ku saabsan tuugadii hore ee duullaanka Punt ee loo keenay Masar hadiyado ayaa muujinaya in muunadani ay u badan tahay inay ka soo jeedaan dhul ku yaal bariga Soomaaliya iyo dariiqa Eritrea iyo Ethiopia. The '''[[Dhulkii punt|Land of Punt]]''' ( [[Luqada Masaarida|Masri]] : ''pwnt'' ; [[Luqada Masaarida|akhrinta]] kale [[Luqada Masaarida|ee loo yaqaan ']] '''Egiptological''' [[Luqada Masaarida|akhrin']] '''Pwene''' ( '''t''' ) , ku dhawaaqida / pu: nt /) waxay ahayd boqortooyo qadiim ah. Lammaane uu ganacsi ee [[Masar]], waxaa lagu yaqaan soo saarka iyo dhoofinta [[Dahab|dahabka]], beduliyum Beeyada, blackwood, haabniim, foolka maroodiga iyo xayawaanka duurjoogta ah. Gobolka waxaa lagu yaqaanaa diiwaannada qadiimiga ah ee Masaarida ee socodsiinta ganacsiga.  Waa macquul inay u dhigantaa [[Opone]] [[Dhulbaxsinta Afrika|geeska Afrika]], oo markii dambe loo yaqaanay Gariiggii hore, halka qaar ka mid ah culimada Baybalka ay ku tilmaameen dhulka kitaabiga ah ee Put ama Havilah. Soomaliya qayb ka mid ah uu ahaa [[Soomaali magaalo-goboleedyada]] in ku hawlan shabakad ganacsi faa'iido badan xira [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] baayacmushtariyaasha la [[Phenicia|Foynike]], [[Boqortooyada Ptolemaic|Ptolemic Masar]], [[Giriiga|Greece]], [[Parthia|Parthian Faaris]], [[Reer Sabaay|Saba]], [[Nabataea]] iyo [[Boqortooyada Roomaanka]] . Badmaaxiinta Soomaaliyeed ayaa adeegsaday markabkii hore ee badda Soomaaliya ee loo yaqaan ' ''[[Beden|sariirta'<nowiki/>]]'' si ay xamuulkooda u qaadaan. <ref name="ReferenceA">Journal of African History pg.50 by John Donnelly Fage and Roland Anthony Oliver</ref> ''[[Beden|<nowiki/>]]'' <br /> ===Waagii Diiriye Guure iyo casrigii cusbaa boobkii afrika=== Ay sii hayo xilliga wasaayada Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya laakiin ay la socoto ilaalin caalami ah ee adag taasoo shuruud looga dhigay in Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya la siiyo xorriyad buuxda taban sano gudahood;<ref name = "Zolberg"/><ref name=Gates1999>Gates, Henry Louis, ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', (Oxford University Press: 1999), p.1749</ref> halka uu sii ahaanayo [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] maxmiyad Ingiriis ah ilaa laga gaaro [[1960]].<ref name=Tripodi1999>Tripodi, Paolo. ''The Colonial Legacy in Somalia'' p. 68 New York, 1999.</ref> Iyadoo ay jirtay haysashada Talyaaniga Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya kana haysata ogolaasho qaramada midoobay, laakiin xilligaas wasaayada waxay siisay soomaalida khibaradihii loo baahnaa iyo bisayl siyaasadeed iyo awood isxukun waana tusaale aya waayeen reer woqooyiga kuwaas oo markii dambe la midoobay koofurta. Iyadoo ay isku dayeen masuuliyiinta mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska bartamihii soddomeeyadii qarnigii tagay wax ka qabashada xaaladda horumarin la'aneed ee ka jirtay mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska ee Afrika, masuuliyiinta Ingriiska dhammaan isku dayadaas waxay ku dhamaatay fashil waxay sii ahaadeen mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska guud ahaan qaybta woqooyi ee Soomaaliya gaar ahaan kuwo isku mid ah marka laga hadlayo Siyaasadda Dhaqaalaha Bulshada taasoo noqon kartay mid saamayn jirta ku leh in badan oo caqabado ah taasoo soo if baxday markii la gaaray isku darka dalka oo hal maamul leh.<ref name=ChapinMetz>[http://countrystudies.us/somalia Helen Chapin Metz, ed. Somalia: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1992.]</ref> Waxaas oo dhan iyadoo ay dhaceen, Ingriisku wuxuu ku dhaqaaqay in uu culays ka soo saaro xulufadii kula jirtay dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka<ref name="Federal">Federal Research Division, ''Somalia: A Country Study'', (Kessinger Publishing, LLC: 2004), p.38</ref> in la siiyo meel gaar ah waa mid ka mid ah meelaha daaqsinka leh ee muhimka ah waxayna ahayd maxmiyad ay u saxiixday boqortooyada Ingiriiska lana saxiixatay Abasiiniya intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1884]] iyo [[1886]], ee gobolka [[Soomaali Galbeed]] oo ay degto Soomaalida Waxayna ka mid ahayd heshiisyo kale ay saxiixday Ingiriiska [[1897]] kaasoo dhigaya in lagu wareejiyo [[Itoobiya]] boqorkii Mililiq labaad taasoo oo uga badashay ciidamada Ingiriiska in laga caawiyo soo afjaridda iska caabinta kaga imaanaysa qabiillo Soomaaliyeed<ref name=Laitin1977>Laitin, David D., ''Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience'', (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), p.73</ref> billoowgii [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]]. Iyadoo ay jirtay in Ingiriisku ku daray shuruud ah in qabiilada reer guuraaga ah ee Soomaalida siiso isxukun laakiin Itoobiya isla markiiba waa ay qabsatay meelahaas،<ref name="Zolberg">Zolberg, Aristide R., et al., ''Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World'', (Oxford University Press: 1992), p.106</ref> Ingriiska wuxuu u soo bandhigay Itoobiya sanadii [[1956]] in uu ka iibsado dhulkii dhulkii uu horay ugu wareejiyay<ref name="Zolberg"/> laakiin dhandhiggaas waxaa lagala horyimid diidmo ah in aysan aqbali karin Itoobiya. Habkaas oo kale, Ingiriisku wuxuu ku wareejiyay <ref>Francis Vallat, ''First report on succession of states in respect of treaties: International Law Commission twenty-sixth session 6 May-26 July 1974'', (United Nations: 1974), p.20</ref> NFD {{En|Northern Frontier District}} taasoo ay degaan Soomaalida [[Kiinya]] waxayna dhegaha ka furaysatay aftidii horay looga qaaday gobolkaas taasoo cadaynaysay ku biirista Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya ee cusub.<ref>David D. Laitin, ''Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience'', (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), p.75</ref> Sanadii [[1958]], waxaa la sameeyay [[Jabuuti]] ee dariska ah, taasoo loo yaqiinay magaca ah Dhulka Faransiiska ee Soomaaliya waqtigaas, afti meesha ay aadayaan ah in ay Soomaaliya inteeda kale ku biiraan ama faransiiska uu sii hayo, natiijadiina waxay nqotay in uu faransiiska sii hayo uuna ilaaliyo. waxaana taa ugu wacnaa cafarta oo sidaa doonaysay, taasoo ah dadka ugu badan Jabuuti in ay sii hoos joogaan faransiiska waxaa sidaas oo kale dalbaday carabta iyo kuwii reer yurub ee deganaa dhulkaas ee la yimid isticmaarka. Laakiin inta kale ee asal ahaan soomaalida ah waxay rabeen midnimo soomaaliyeed si loo mideeyo dhulweynaha Soomaaliyeed ee lakala qaybiyay waxaana ugu cadcadaa "Maxamuud Xarbi" Raysulwasaare gudoomiye ku xigeenka golaga xukunka Soomaalida Faransa. waana Soomaali qabiilka Ciisaha, laakiin maxamuud xarbi waa la dilay aftida ka dib laba sano ka dibib burburkii diyaarad. Waxay [[Jabuuti]] ka qaadatay madax banaani [[Faransiiska]] sanadkii [[1977]] [[Xasan Guuleed Abtidoon]], wuxuu ahaa Soomaali ay taageeraysay Faransiiska, Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay ee jabuuti kaasoo xukumayay [[1977]] ilaa [[1991]].<ref name=Barrington2006>Barrington, Lowell, ''After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States'', (University of Michigan Press: 2006), p.115</ref> [[File:Mogadishu.png|thumb|right|195px|]] [[Juun|Juun]] sanadii [[1960]] waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhowaaqay [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] madax banaani ay siisay [[Boqortooyo|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] waxaa iyana shan maalmood ka dib qaatay madax banaanida [[Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya]],<ref>Encyclopaedia Britannica, ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica'', (Encyclopaedia Britannica: 2002), p.835</ref> isla maamintaas waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhowaaqay dhismaha dawlada Soomaaliyeed oo mid ah labada qaybood ee Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska waxaa taa ka horeeyay samaynta xuduudaha taasoo ay sameeyeen Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska. [[Cabdullaahi Ciise]] Maxamuud, Raysulwasaaraha Soomaaliya xilligii Ingiriisku haysatay ee u dhaxaysay [[1956]] iyo ilaa sanadkii [[1960]],<ref name="buluugleey.com">[http://www.buluugleey.com/warkiidanbe/Governance.htm The dawn of the Somali nation-state in 1960, Buluugleey.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htwin/articles/20060809.aspx The making of a Somalia state ;Strategypage.com 2006-08-09]</ref> Xukuumaddii ugu horaysay ee qaran soomaaliyeed (ku meel gaar), [[Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan|Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan (aadan cadde)]] madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay wuxuuna<ref>[http://www.mudulood.com/PageAadan%20Cabdulle%20Cusman.html Aden Abdullah Osman the founding father; Mudulood.com]</ref[http://www.mudulood.com/OpinionPage546.htm The founding father of Somalia Mudulood.com]</ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080223085204/http://www.markacadeey.com/june/aden_cadde_20070609_1.htm A tribute to the Somalia founding father, its president in 1960s; Markacadeey.com]</ref> C/rashiid Cali Sharmarke Raysulwasaare u doortay, kaasoo dib dambe noqday madaxweyne intii u dhaxaysay sanadii [[1967]] ilaa [[1969]]. [[Luuliyo|labaatankii luuliyo]] sanadii [[1961]] waxaa la qoray [[Dastuur]] Soomaaliyeed ee cusub kaasoo uu shacabka u codeeyay wuxuu ahaa nuqulkii ugu horeeyay ee dastuurka mid la qoray sanadii [[1960]].<ref>Greystone Press Staff, ''The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East'', (Greystone Press: 1967), p.338</ref> ===Dawladdii Hantiwaddaaga=== Waxaa sii socday dagaal beeleedyada iyo isfahan darrida u dhaxeyasa jufooyinka Soomaalida biloowgii midowga taasoo ka dhalatay raadidkii isticmaarka arrintaas oo jirtay xitaa intii uu jiray isticmaarka.<ref name="buluugleey.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=The making of Somalia, Somaliland, Somalilandtimes.net |url=http://www.somalilandtimes.net/2003/139/13904.shtml |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2019-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220232426/http://www.somalilandtimes.net/2003/139/13904.shtml |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928161509/http://www.radiobuuhoodle.com/goodgovernance.htm The beginning of the Somalia state Radiobuuhoodle.com 2009-02-25]</ref><ref>[http://media.maps.com/magellan/Images/SOMCLA-W2.gif Historical self-governing clan factors in present day Somalia]</ref> sandii [[1967]] wuxuu noqday Maxamed Xaaji IBraahin "Cigaal" Raysulwasaare waana xil uu u doortay C/rashiid Cali Sharmarke kaasoo Xilikas ahaa madaxweynaha dalka. Cigaal wuxuu dib ka noqday madaxweynaha [[Somaliland]] ee dhacda woqooyi galbeed Soomaaliya taasoo isku magacaawday dawlad madaxbanaan mana helin wax aqoonsi ah. Kadib dilkii Madaxweyne Cabdirashiid [[1969]] waxaa xukunka dalka la wareegay talis ciidan awoodii kula wareegay [[Inqilaab Ciidan]] saraakiisha kala ah [[Janaraal]] [[Salaad Gabayre Kadiye]] iyo [[Sarreeye Guuto]] [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre]] iyo taliyaha ciidanka booliska Jaamac Qoorsheel waxaa xukunka la wareegay Siyaad Barre halka uu noqday Qoorsheel raysulwasaare. Wuxuu sameeyay ciidanka Hantiwadaag barnaamijyo baahsan ee la howlgaliyay kooxo kuwaasoo u dhaqaaqay la dagaalanka wax qoris la'anta dalka waxaana si muuqada u kordhay wax qorista iyo aqrinta laba bilaabo 5% ilaa 55% bilowgii sideetameeyadii qarnigii tagay. Isqabqabsi dabadii waxaa la toogtay Gabayre. [[File:2016_04_Eid_Preparions-11_(27469932863).jpg|thumb|right|196px|]] [[Kalitalis]] Dawladdii Malatariga Soomaaliya luuliyo sanadii [[1976]] dhistay [[XHKS|Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed]] {{en|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}} kaasoo xukunka haystay laga soo bilaabo markii la sameeyay ilaa uu dhaco taliskii malatariga diseembar sanadii [[1990]] Jannaayo [[1991]], kaasoo ay awood u sheegteen ''Jabhadda Dimoqraadiga Badbaadinta Soomaaliyeed'' {{en|SSDF}} iyo ''Golaha Midnimada Soomaaliyeed'' {{en|United Somali Congress}} iyo ''Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaliyeed'' {{en|SNM}} Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaliyeed {{en|Somali Patriotic Movement}} marka lagu daro jabahadaha mucaaradka ah ''Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Dimoqraadiga Soomaliyeed'' {{en|Somali Democratic Movement}} iyo Isbahaysiga Dimoqraadiga Soomaaliyeed {{en|Somali Democratic Alliance}} ugu dambayn ''Kooxda Maanifesto'' {{en|Somali Manifesto Group}}. Sanadihii [[1977]] iyo [[1978]] Soomaaliya waxay duulaan ku qaaday [[Itoobiya]] iyadoo ku duulaysa magaca [[Dagaalkii xoraynta ogaden|Xoraynta Soomaaligalbeed]] taasoo ciidamada Soomaaliya ku dadaalayeen in ay dib u mideeyaan dhulalkii Soomaalida oo ay u arkaysay in isticmaarku qaybiyay siiyayana qaybo ka mid ah dalal kale si aan qax ahayn. Biloowgii hore, Soomaaliya waxay qaadatay dhabaha nabadda ah ee [[Diblumaasiyad]] dhamaan [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kiinya]] si loo helo xal nabad ah arrimaha la xiriira labada dhinac laakiin dadaalkii diblomaasiyadeed wuxuu ku dhamaaday fashil. Soomaaliya waxay samaysay islamarkaana u diyaar garoobaysa dagaal dhab ah iyadoo tijaabisay xal diblomaasiyadeed, dhisidda Jabhadda Xoraynta Soomaali Galbeed {{en|WSLF}} ama Western Somali Liberation Front, waxay ku dadaashay in ay u dhaqaaqdo soo celinta gobolka Soomaali galbeed si awood ah. Soomaaliya waxay u dhaqantay si gooni ah iyadoo aan ula laaban mujtamaca dunida ee aan ogolayn dib u xadaynta xuduudaha taasuu ka tagay isticmaarka, halka uu diiday [[Midowga Sofiyet]] iyo Isbahaysiga Waarso in ay Soomaaliya caawiyaan, iskaba daa in ay caawiyaane waxay ku dhaqaaqeen arrin lid ku ah taasoo ah in ay taageereen [[Itoobiya]]. Isla goortaas wuxuu isku dayay Midowgii Sofiyetiga kaasoo ah midka siiya labada dhinac hubka in uu dhexdhexaadiyo si loo helo xabad joojin u dhaxeysa labada dawladood. Ciidanka Soomaaliya waxaa u suurta gashay usbuucii ugu horeeyay ee dagaalka in ay isku fidiyaan bartamaha iyo koofurta gobolka, dagaalka intii uu socday ciidamada Soomaaliya waxay gaareen guulo waaweyn kana adkaadeen ciidmada Itoobiya wixii ciidamada Itoobiya ka haray waxay isku uruursadeed deegaanka Sidaamo. Sibteembar sanadii [[1977]] Soomaaliya waxaa u suuragashay qabsashada 90% ee gobolka waxaa kaloo u suurtoowday qabsashada magaalooyin istiraatiiji muhiim ah, sida magaalada Jigjiga sidoo kale wuxuu go'doomiyay magaalada Diridhabe Kaasoo hakiyay isu socodkii tariinada ka imaanayay [[Jabuuti]]. Kadib go'doomintii magaalada Harar wuxuu [[Midowga Sofiyet]] usoo jeestay taageero malatari taasoo la xiriirrta arrinta ka soo cusboonaatay geeska afrika, waxaa la diyaariyay 18,000 ciidamo ka imaanaya [[Kuuba|Kuubaan]] 2,000 iyo Yementa Koofureed iyadoo lagu daray 1,500 khubaro ka imanaysa Midowga Sofiyet haystana diyaarado iyo taangiyo Sofiyet ah. Hor istaagaas awoodaas ballaaran ciidanka Soomaaliya waxaa lagu qasbay dib u gurasho iyo in uu codsi u dirsado [[Maraykanka]]. Iyadoo uu nidaamkii [[Jimmy Carter]] isu diyaariyay garab siinta Soomaaliya dagaalka intii uu socday Sofiyetku si degdeg ah bay u caawiyeen Itoobiya waxaana laga baqay in uu sii xumaado xiriirka. sidaa daraadeed Maraykanka faraha ayuu ka qaaday in uu Soomaaliya caawiyo waxaa dibudhac ku yimid isbahaysigii uu ku lahaa maraykanku [[Bariga Dhexe]] iyo [[Asia]]. Biloowgii [[1978]], waxaa ku biloowday xukuumaddii Soomaaliya saamaynta luminta hanasho dhab ah arrimaha gobolka. Waxay sidoo kale muujiyeen inta badan shacabka Soomaaliyeed mid galay xaalad quus sababo la xiriira hoos imaanshaha ciidankii kali taliska waqti dheer iyadoo aan la gaaraynin wax horumar ah la taaban karo, waxaana arrinkaas xoojiyay dhamaadkii dagaalkii qaboobaa, waxay sidoo kale Itoobiya taageero siisay Jabhadihii ku kacsanaa Soomaaliya. [[File:Abdisalamomer1.png|thumb|right|195px|Abdi-Salam]] Sanadii [[1990]] waxaa la soo saaray sharci ka mamnuucaya gaar ahaan dadka degan [[Muqdisho]] in ay kulmaan saddex ama afar in kabadan. Waxaa dhammaan hareeyay hay'adaha dawladda shidaal yari sababtay joogsiga gaadiidka dadweynaha taasoo saamayn ku yeelatay danaha xukuumadda iyo qaybaha guud iyo kan gaarka ah. Waxaa ssidoo kale dhacday dhibaato la xiriirta [[Sicir Barar]] taasoo ay dhib ku qabeen gobolada kororka sicir bararka muuqda iyadoo ay shacabku awoodi waayeen helitaanka quutul daruuriga heer ay gaartay Baastadii talyaaniga ee caadiga ahayd xilligaas ilaa iyo Shan [[Dollar|Doollar]] kiiladii. halka uu gaaray qaadka [[Qaad|Jaadka]] kaasoo laga keeno [[Kiinya]] shan doollar Majintii. Waxaa qiime jab ku yimid shilinka Soomaaliga ilaa la gaaro heer shilimaadkii lagu daadiyo wadooyinka si ay kuwa haysta iskaga tuuraan halkii ay haysan lahaayeen taasoo u muuqatay in uusan lahayn wax faaiida ah ee la xusi karo. Waxaa sidoo kale soo if baxay [[Suuqa Madoow]] ee sarifka lacagaha qalaad taasoo ka dhalatay in aysan jirin socodsiinta lacagaha ee ku filan sarifka lacagaha qalaad taasoo ay bebersoto [[Shilin Soomaali|Shilinka Soomaaliga]]. Mugdigana wuxuu noqday mid ku baahay magaalada oo dhan marka la gaaro habeenkii taasina waxay ka timid dawladda oo iibisay dab dhaliyeyaashii korontada. Waxaa ajaanibta la dul dhigay waardiye adadag ilaa maa xilligii ay joogeen. Sidoo kale dawladda waxay soo saartay go'aano lagu hagaajinayo joojinta dal ka saarista, ama tahriibinta lacagaha ajnabiga ah. lama ogolayn adeegsiga lacagaha qalaad hab ka baxsan sharciga sida uu qabo marka laga reebo saddex hoteel oo ay maamusho dawladda. Waxaa sidoo kale mamnuuc aha sawir qaadis meelo badan iyadoo aysan muuqan wax cadayn kara in aan sawiro la qaadi karin ee ku saabsan safar iyo joogitaanka. Wixii ka dhacay Soomaaliya [[1988]] malaha waa ka sii foolxun. Markii Hargeysa la duqeeyay ayaa dadkii deganaa lagu khasbay inay qaxaan. Askarta ayaa markaas miinooyin ku aasay guryihii laga tagay. Markii uu dagaalku dhammaaday ayay qaxootigii dib u laabteen, balse waxaa lagu naafeeyay ama lagu dilay qaraxyo qarsoon.<ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20000508/Land-Mines-Weighing-the-Cost/ Land Mines—Weighing the Cost]</ref> ===Xasuuqii Isaaq ama Xasuuqii Somaliland=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Xasuuqi Isaaq|XasuuqiI Isaaq]]'' Awooddii akhlaaqeed ee dowladdii Maxamad Siyaad (jaale siyaad) si tartiib tartiib ah ayay u lumisay, iyadoo Soomaali badan ay ku hungoobeen nolosha xukunka militariga. Bartamihii 1980-meeyadii, dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo uu taageerayay maamulkii shuuciga ahaa ee Derg ee Itoobiya ayaa ka billowday waddanka oo dhan.jaale siyaad wuxuu kujawaabey isagoo amrey in talaabooyin ciqaab ah laga qaado kuwa uu u arko inay gudaha ka taageerayaan jabhadaha, gaar ahaan gobolada waqooyi. Qabqabashada waxaa ka mid ahaa in la duqeeyo magaalooyin, xarunta maamulka waqooyi-galbeed ee Hargeysa, oo ahayd xaruntii Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM), oo ka mid ahayd aagagga la bartilmaameedsaday 1988. Duqeyntan waxaa hoggaaminayey Jeneraal Maxamed Saciid Xersi Morgan, wiilka uu sodogga u yahay Barre. Sida laga soo xigtay Abou Jeng iyo aqoonyahanno kale, xukunkii taliskii jaale siyaad waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay cadaadis arxan darro ah oo lala beegsaday qabiilka Isaaq. Max’ed Xaaji Ingiriis iyo Chris Mullin waxay caddeeyeen in qabqabashadii maamulkii Maxamad siyaad ee ka dhanka ahaa Dhaqdhaqaaqii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee fadhigiisu ahaa Hargeysa lala beegsaday beelweynta Isaaq oo ay ka tirsan yihiin inta badan xubnihii SNM. Waxay ku tilmaamayaan isku haynta inay tahay xasuuqii Isaaq ama xasuuqii Hargeysa. Baaritaan ay sameysay Qaramada Midoobay ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay in dambiga xasuuqa uu ahaa "mid ay maleegtay, qorsheysay oo ay ka fulisay Dowlada Soomaaliya dadka Isaaqa". Tirada dadka rayidka ah ee ku waxyeeloobay waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inta udhaxeysa 50,000–100,000 sida laga soo xigtay ilo wareedyo kala duwan, halka wararka qaarna ay ku qiyaasayaan wadarta dhimashada dadka rayidka ah inay kor u dhaafeyso 200,000 oo rayid Isaaq ah. Dhimashooyinkaas, taliskii Barre wuxuu duqeeyey oo burburiyey magaalooyinka labaad iyo saddexaad ee ugu weyn Soomaaliya, Hargeysa iyo Burco siday u kala horreeyaan. Tani waxay u barakicisay dad lagu qiyaasey 400,000 oo dadka deegaanka ah oo u qaxay Hartasheikh ee dalka Itoobiya; shaqsiyaad kale oo gaaraya 400,000 ayaa iyaguna gudaha ku barakacay. Dagaalkii ka soo horjeedka ee taliskii Barre ee ka dhanka ahaa SNM wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday saldhigii rayidka ee kooxda mucaaradka, isaga oo isu beddelay xasuuq xasuuq ka dhan ah beesha Isaaq. Tani waxay horseeday fowdo iyo ololeyaal dagaal oo ay gaystaan ​​maleeshiyooyin kala jabay, ka dibna awooddii heer degmo la wareeray. Cadaadiskii maamulkii Barre kuma koobnayn Isaaqa oo keliya, maxaa yeelay wuxuu bartilmaameedsanayay qabaa’illada kale sida Hawiye. Taliskii Barre wuxuu burburay Janaayo 1991. Intaa kadib, markii xaalada siyaasadeed ee Somaliland xasiloonayd, dadkii barakacay waxay ku noqdeen guryahoodii, maleeshiyooyinkii waa laga daad gureeyay ama waxaa lagu daray ciidanka, tobanaan kun oo guri iyo meherado ahna dib ayaa looga soo dhisay burburka. ==Ismaaciil Mire== Ismaaciil Mire, oo abaanduulkii guud ka ahaa dawladda boqortooyada [[Diiriye Guure]], wuxuu ka qaybgalay dagaalaha oo dhan ee Daraawiishta ka qayb galay. Wuxuu u talin jirey colkii [[Shiikhyaale]]. Goobaha uu ka qayb galay waxaa ka mid ah, cagaarweyne, iyo dagaalkii Jigjiga, iyo dagaalki Beledweyne, iyo dagaalkii Berbera, iyo dagaalkii Dul Madobe, iyo dagaalkii Jidbaale, iyo dagaalkii Afbakayle iyo meelo kale. Wuxuu kale ka horjeestay dagaalaha ee shirqool ka jiri jirey, oo ka mid ah Canjeel, Gurdumi iyo qaar kale. 1920kii, Ismaaciil Mire waxaa lagu xidhay xabsi. ===Darwiishia iyo Qusuusi=== Qarnigii 19ka ilaa tobanaadka 1920gii, Dalka Soomaalka waxaa hoogaaminjirey dawladda Daraawiishta, oo si kale loo yaqaano Darwiishia. Darwiishia dawladeeda waxaa loo yaqaan jirey qusuusi ama khusuusi, ee waxaa ka mid ahaa shakhsiyaddan: {{columns-list|colwidth=35em| * [[Ismail Mire]] * [[Macalin Cagadhiig]] *[[Shire Canbool]], oo Dhulbahante ahaa *[[Cartan Boos]] oo Jamac Siyad ahaa *[[Afqarshe]], oo Adan-Naleeye ahaa *[[Dhowre]], oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Obsiiye Magan]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Aw Jaamac Seed Magan]] oo Cali-Geri aaha * [[Oogle Magan]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Muse Waranle]] oo Reer-Hagar ahaa *[[Haji Firhad]], fiqishini HabarGidir *[[Haji Sudi]], Isaaq Aadan Madoobe * [[Seeraar Shawe]] oo Jamac Siyaad ahaa * [[Nur Xiddig]] oo Wacays Adan ahaa * [[Xirsi Jeedlade]] oo Qayaad ahaa * [[Haji Mursal Aw Saacid]] oo Dhulbahante ahaa * [[Duale Ileeye]] oo Jamac Siyaad ahaa * [[Cismaan Boos]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Jama Lugay]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Aw Cabbas]] oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Abbas Aw Muse]], oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Hussein Ajuuraan]], oo Dhulbahante ahaa (oo loo naanaystay Agararan)<ref>http://www.kaiserscross.com/188001/536101.html</ref> * [[Ahmed Tage]], oo baharsame ahaa * [[Abshir Dhoore]], majeerteen ahaa * [[Nur Hashi]] warsangeli ahaa *[[Ismail Khaire]], warsangeli ahaa *[[Xooshdheere]], ali geri ahaa *[[Farah Dacay]], baharsame ahaa * [[Hirsi Akaal]], marehan ahaa }} [[File:Somlangbooks.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Bugaag Somali Lugad]] ===Burburka Dawladdii Hantiwaddaaga=== Waxaa dhacay sanadkii [[1991]] isbedel xididaystay nolosha siyaasadeed ee Soomaaliya. taasoo u suurta gashay ciidamo ka kooban beelaha dega waqooyiga iyo koofurta hubaysan oo taageera ka helaya [[Itoobiya]] in ay ridaan dawladdii Siad Barre Max'ed Siyaad Barre. Kulanno farabadan ee dhexmaray Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed [[SNM]] iyo odayaasha beelaha ree woqooyiga, waxa ku dhawaaqeen qaybta woqooyi ee Soomaaliya ([[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] horay loo oranjiray) in ay goosteen goosasho hal dhinac ah Soomaaliya inteeda kale iskuna magacaabay [[Somaliland|Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland]] ([[Ingiriis]]: ''Republic of Somaliland'') May 1991. Ka sokoow go'itaanka ay Somaliland goosatay iyo deganaashaha ay haysato markii loo eego koofurta way waysay aqoonsi heer caalami ah xitaa haba ahaatee Itoobiya.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1367554.stm Somaliland citizens ask to be recognised as a state, BBC News]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1361394.stm Somaliland votes for independence, BBC News]</ref> [[File:2012_01_12_MGD_Stadiums_a_(8394617014).jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Jannaayo sanadkii [[1991]] Waxaa doortay "Cali Mahdi Max'ed" koox soomaali ah una doorteen in uu noqdo madaxweyne ku meel gaar ah ee dalka ilaa laga gaaro shir qarameed kulmiyay dhammaan qaybaha ku lugta leh ee bishii xigtay Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti si dalka madaxweyne loo doorto. Laakiin doorashadii "Cali Mahdi Maxamed" waxaa si weyn uga horyimid biloowgii hore dhamaan Jen [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] gudoomiyihii ururka USC iyo C/raxman Tuur hogaamiyihii SNM. مtaasoo dhalisay kala qaybsanaan xagga siyaasadda ah ee u dhaxaysay USC iyo SNM, isku dhacyadii u dhexeeyay USC waxay burbur xoogleh gaarsiisay magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo meelaha ku dhow dhow. [[File:Elecmalpun.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Dagaalkii sokeeye wuxuu sabay, kaasoo wali raadkiisu muuqdo, burbur ku yimaada wax soosaarka beeraha iyo gaarsiinta cuno koofurta Soomaaliya waana sabata ugu weyn ee ka dhalisaya dagaalka dalka taasoo meelaha xasaasiga ay tartan ugu jiraan beelaha waxaa kaloo dheeraad ah qabsashada iyo meelaha leh ilaha dhaqaale iyo daaqa. Jemes Bayshb oo ahaa safiirkii ugu dambeeyay ee Soomaaliya wuxuu ku tilmaamay xaaladdii ka taagnayd iyo dagaaladii sokeeye halkaas mid ah "biyo ku dagaalan iyo meelaha daaqsinka sidoo kale xoolaha waxaa horay la isu adeegsan jiran [[Falaar|falaaro]] iyo [[Sayf|Sayfaf]] hadda waxaa la isu adeegsadaa [[Qoro|Boobe]]."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090309030719/http://hprsite.squarespace.com/remember-somalia-112007 |It is a competition that used to be fought out with arrows and sabers. Now it is fought out with AK-47s Hprsite.squarespace.com 2007-11-16]</ref> Wuxuu sababay dagaalkii sokeeye in ay dhacdo [[Gaajo]] taasoo salfatay ku dhowaad 300,000 Soomaali taasoo ku qasabtay [[Golaha Amniga Qaramada Midoobay]] in uu soo saaro qaraar kaasoo tilmaamaya xabad joojin sanadkii [[1992]] iyo dirista ciidamo ammaanka ilaaliya ee heer caalami ah waxaa soomaaliya ku soo hormaray (UNOSOM I) badbaadinta xaaladda biniaadamnimo ee dalka.<ref>[http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_20244.asp United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) 1992]. Australian War Memorial.</ref> Waxay ahayd adeegsiga awood ciidan marka loo eego ciidmada ammaanka mid ku kooban isdifaacid naftooda ah taasoo fursad siisay beelaha dirirsanaa in ay sika sii wataan dagaaladoodii hubaysnaa. Ka jawaabidda colaada sii baahaysa iyo burburka xaaladda Biniadamnimo ee ka jirtay Soomaaliya [[Maraykanka]] wuxuu diyaariyay xulufo ciidan ah oo heer caalami ah taasoo ahayd ujeedadeeda nabad ku soo dabaalidda kooforta Soomaaliya iyo xal u helidda xaaladda bini'adamnimo ee halkaas iyo fududaynta gaarista gargaarka biniadamnimo ee qaramada midoobay iyo dalalka deeqda bixiya. Waxay galeen xoogagga xulufada taasoo loo yaqiinay magaca {{En|Unified Task Force ama UNITAF}} diseembar dhexdeedii sanadii [[1992]] ee howlgalkii "Rajo soo celinta" sida uu qabay qaraarkii qaramada midoobay ee tirsigiisu ahaa 794. Waxaa u suurta galay ciidmadii caalamka ka yimid in ay dib u soo celiyaan nidaamkii iyo yaraynya baahidii taasoo dhib u keentay dalka ilaa ay ka baxaan ciidmada maraykanka maajo sanadkii [[1993]] waxaa lagu bedelay (UNOSOM II) ee [[Maajo|Afartii Maajo]] sida uu qabay qaraarkii ka soo baxay qaramada midoobay ee tirsigiisu ahaa 837 ee soo baxay [[Maarso|26 Marso]] isla sanadkaas. Dhanka kale wuxuu u arkay [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] ciidanka nabad ilaalinda ee caalamka in uu qatar ku yahay asiga iyo ciidankiisa wuxuuna siiyay amar maleeshiyo hubaysan in la weeraro saldhigyada ciidamada Pakistan ee ka howlgala Muqdisho taasoo ay ka dhalatay dhimashada 80 qof jinsiyada kala duwan ah ee ka tirsan ciidamada nabad ilaalinta, wuuna socday dagaalka ay ka dhintaan 19 ciidan maraykan ah iyo laba kale oo Pakistan ah iyo mid kale ee Maaliisiya u dhashay oo dhammaantood ah ciidamada nabad ilaalinta sidoo kale waxaa jirtay 1,000 qof ee ka mid ah maleeshiyada Soomaalida hubaysnaa intii u dhaxaysay saddexdii iyo afratii ee bishoo Oktoobar [[1993]] kaasoo taariikhdu ugu magac dartay dagaalkii "Dagaalkii Muqdisho" taasoo ku qasabtay qaramada midoobay howlgal "Gaashaan mida" ciidan ka kooban Maraykanka Masar Pakistan [[Maarso|saddexdii maarso]] sanadkii [[1995]], dabadeed Robert ogle ayaa ku dhawaaqay in aan dagaal toos ah lala gali doonin [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] laakiin la baal siibi doono taasoo macnaheedu ahaa in laga horkeeno saaxiibadii ilaaa uu markii dambe lagu dilay dagaal ay iskaga horyimideen qaar ay xulufo ahaayeen [[1996]] Waxay diiradda saareen [[Burcad Badeed|burcad badeeda soomaalida]] xeebaha Soomaaliya taasoo ka dhalatay burburka iyo maqnaashaha dawlad dhexe Kadib dagaalkii sokeeye,<ref>Biegon, Rubrick. Somali Piracy and the International Response 2009-01-29 Foreign Policy in Focus [http://www.fpif.org/articles/somali_piracy_and_the_international_response] retrieved 2010-02-08</ref> Dhibaatadaan waxay ka soo if baxday dekadaha ku yaal xeebaha Soomaaliya.<ref>Piracy Off Coast Not Only Criminal, But Very Successful, Security Council Hears, AllAfrica.com, retrieved February 8, 2010 [http://allafrica.com/stories/200911191008.html]</ref> Waxayna ka dhalatay ka dhiidhin ay ka dhiidhiyeen kalluumaysatada soomaaliyeed ee ka kalluumaysta xeebaha sida: Ayl, [[Kismaayo]], Xarardheere, Mareeg iyagoo weerar ku qaaday maraakiibta ajnabiga ah ee ka kalluumaysata badda soomaaliya khayraadka kalluunka ee biyo goboleedka markii uu burburay taliskii dhexe ee Soomaaliya,<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Tharoor, Ishaan. How Somalia’s fishermen became pirates. 2009-04-18 |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1892376,00.html |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2013-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826205905/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1892376,00.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/3061246/part_2/what-i-learned-from-the-somali-pirates.thtml Hartley, Aiden. What I learned from Somali pirates 2008]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Taasoo ay waayeen kalluumaysato badan waxa ay heli jireen. Sidoo kale, waxay tilmaameen qayb ka mid ah masuuliyiinta soomaalida howlaha burcad badeedka waxaa sii kiciyay [[Dhulgariir|Dhul Gariirkii Badweynata Hindiya]] taariikhdu marka ay ahayd 26 [[Diseembar]] ee sanadkii [[2004]], kaasoo sababay mowjadi [[Tsunami]] weyn burburisay in badan oo tuulooyinka ku yaal xeebaha iyo doomankoodii.<ref>Lehr, Peter and Lehmann, Henrick, Violence at Sea: Piracy in the Age of Global Terrorism, p. 3</ref> Qaar ka mid ah waxay leeyihiin howlaha burcad badeednimada Soomaaliya waa "howlo dhaqaale ee la maalgashado" ee dalka, waana "mid kaabta" dhaqaalaha [[Puntland]].<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/apr/10/piracy-somalia Lehr, Peter. Warships won't stop pirates. The Guardian 2009-04-10]</ref><ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2009/06/2009614125245860630.html Adow, Mohammed. The pirate kings of Puntland. Aljazeera. 2009-06-17, retrieved 2010-02-08]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7623329.stm Harper, Mary. Life in Somalia's pirate town BBC News 2008-09-18]</ref> Waxaa la rumaysanyahay in la soo iibsaday qiyaastii 25,000 50,000, [[Adoon]] ee Baantuu ah, [[Musanbiig]] iyo [[Tansaaniya]], intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1800]] ilaa [[1890]], dad soomaali ah suuqii [[Sansibaar]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111016024128/http://www.cal.org/co/bantu/somali_bantu.pdf The Somali Bantu: Their History and Culture 2018-12-05]</ref> Bantuuga soomalida waa ka duwantahay, jir ahaan, dhaqan ahaan, way iska joogeen iyakoo kala daadsan dalka ilaa la soo gaaro qarnigii sagaal iyo tobanaad ilaa iyo hadda.<ref>L. Randol Barker et al., ''Principles of Ambulatory Medicine'', 7 edition, (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 2006), p.633</ref> waxaa la rumaysanyahay in tirada Baantuuga Soomaaliya uu gaarayso 900,000 qof ka hor dagaalkii sokeeye,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3020110.stm Tanzania accepts Somali Bantus]". BBC News. June 25, 2004.</ref> waxaa laga yaabaa in ay isdhimeen, gaar ahaan maxaa yeelay 12,000 qaxooti ee ku sugan [[Maraykanka]] laga soo bilaabo [[2003]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090519140201/http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2003/February/20030205164125sellis@pd.state.gov0.5013697.html Somali-Bantu Refugees to Find New Lives in United States] America.gov. 02/05/2003.</ref> sidoo kale tanzaaniya oo siisay dhalasho qaar ka mid ah waxay ku laabteen dhulkii awoowe yaashood.<ref>[http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/UNHCR/8ad8ca67e1bba9703647c92f12b7db6d.htm Somali Bantus gain Tanzanian citizenship in their ancestral land]</ref> [[File:Mogadishu_city_centre_-_1960s.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Moqadishu 1960s]] Bartamihii sanadkii [[2011]] waxaa la waayay laba xilli raabaad ee isku xigay taasoo sababtay in ay dhacdo [[Abaar]] muddo 60 sano laga joogo. Waxaa isi soo tartay abaarta waxana ka dhashay in la waayo wax dalag ah xoolihii oo le'day sicir barar ku yimid biyaha shidaalka iyo cunada, waxay sabatay barakac wadareed ee koofur Soomaaliya taasoo keentay iska hor imaadyada hubaysan, xarumaha quudinta ee dawladaha dariska. bishii Juun ee snadkii 2011, Waxay ku dhawaaqday [[Qaramada Midoobay]] si rasmi ah in ay gaajo daran ka jirto koofurta Soomaaliya, wayna sii korortay ka dib markii ay hayireen kooxaha dagaalka waday si loo gaarsiiyo gargaar dadka halkaa ku tabaalaysan.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111102172007/http://www.africa-eu-partnership.org/node/2158 The worst drought in 60 years in Horn Africa, Africa and Europe in Partnership]</ref> dhanka kale, dawladda soomaaliya waxay dhistay hay'ad qaran ee gargaar, taasoo ka kooban wasiiro badan ku howlan fududayn saamaynta abaarta ay ku reebtay dadk,<ref>[http://www.raxanreeb.com/?p=102255 SOMALIA: Government names national drought committee] {{Wayback|url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/?p=102255 |date=20111109180731 }}. Raxanreeb.com (2011-07-04). Retrieved on 2011-12-15.</ref> == '''Un Tiroka''' - 706 == ==IMF % == '''0.03%''' ==Xubin== {{columns-list|colwidth=20em| * [[IGAD]] * [[IORA]] * [[IMF]] * [[ICSID]] * [[Comesa]] * [[CEN-SAD]] * [[Midowga Afrika]] * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] }} ==Waadanmaha degaan Somalia== * {{Flag|Sudan}} 6,000+ * {{Flag|Syria}} 6,500+ * {{Flag|Yemen}} 14,000+ * {{Flag|Norway}} 200+ * {{Flag|Finland}} 200+ * {{Flag|United Kingdom}} 250+ == Siyaasadda == {{Dheeraad|Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} [[File:Prime minister mahdi gulaidh khadar.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Mahdi Gulaid]] Siyaasadda soomaaliya waxay soo martay isbedbedel badan. Intii uu socday [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|Dagaalkii sokeeye]] kaaso dhaliyay burbur farabadan dawladdii Hantiwadaag kadib 1990, [[Soomaalida]] waxaa loo sameeyay [[Dastuur]], [[Federaaliisim|Federaal]] ah iyo Maamul Goboleed kuwaas oo ku yimid qaabab kala duwan, waxaa samaysamay [[Somaliland]] taasoo sheegatay in ay tahay [[Dowlad madax banaan|dawlad madax banaan]] kana go'day Soomaaliya inteeda kale, shacabka Soomaaliyeed raalli kama noqon goosashada Gobolada [[Woqooyi]] ee Soomaaliya 1991. Waxaa sidoo kala samaysmay [[Puntland]] 1998 taasoo ay sameysteen beelaha dega Bari, Bugaal iyo woqooyiga Mudug, waxaa sidoo kale la sameeyay [[Galmudug]] 2010. Horraantii 2000 waxaa la soo dhisay dawlad ku meel gaar ah waxaana madaxweyne ka noqday. Dott [[Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xassan]] (TNG) waxaa ku xigtay dawladii Federaalka ku meelgaarka ahayd ee loo yaqiin (TFG) [[2004]] waxaana madaxweyne ka noqday [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]] taasoo dalka galisay burbur horle waxayna soo galisay dalka ciidamada [[Itoobiya]], [[Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga]] ayaa gobollada koonfurta iyo bartamaha Soomaaliya isku fidiyay taasoo ka caraysiisay [[Itoobiya]] una aragtay fusad ay kula dagaalami karto ficilada ay sameeyeen. Markii meesha laga saaray Maxaakiimta ayaa waxaa soo baxay kooxo la magacbaxay Muqaawamo kana aas aasamay magaalada [[Muqdisho]] intii ay socotay muqaawamada waxaa barbar socday wadahadal UN-ka loo maray kaasoo uu garwadeen ka ahaa Axmed Walad Cabadlla keentayna in laga saaro Itoobiya dalka Soomaaliya bartamihii sanadkii [[2009]]. Waxaa maxaakiimta ka farcamay kooxda [[Al-Shabaab]] taasoo dalka dhibaatadii ka jirtay sii murjisay, taasoo dagaal la gashay dawlad lagu soo dhisay dalka [[Jabuuti]] Madaxweyne ka ahaa [[Sheekh Shariif Axmed]] 2010-2011 dagaal ba'an ku dhexmaray magaalada muqdisho iyo nawaaxigeeda, Madaxweyne Shariif xoogaa rajo ah ayay soo celisay Dawladdiisii loogu magacdaray Midnimo Qaran dawladdaas oo muqdisho ka fogaysay qatartii Al-shabaab iyadoo gacan ka helaysa [[Amisom|AMISOM]] wuxuu diyaariyay doorasho aad loogu riyaaqay,<ref>[http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2013/01/16/260703.html الرئيس الصومالي السابق: من كرسي الرئاسة إلى الدراسة Al-arabiya, 16 Jan 2013]</ref> kaasoo xilka si nabad ah ugu wareejiyay madaxweyne [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]. Waxaana taa xigay dawladdii uu madaxweynaha ka ahaa [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] taasoo ku guulaysatay isu soo dhoweyn Soomaalida dhexdeeda ah iyo dastuurka oo loo hogaansamo. ==Qaanuunka== Soomaaliya waxaa ka jira saddex nidaam qaanuun oo kala gadisan, waa: Qaanuunka madaniga, [[Shareecada Islaamka]] iyo xoogaa qawaaniin ah oo ay leeyihiin beelaha waana dhaqan soo jireen ah waxaana loo yaqaan Xeer. ===Qaanuunka madaniga=== Iyadoo uu ku dhacay burbur balaaran kaasoo hareeyay nidaamka cadaaladda Soomaaliya ka dib burburkii dawladdii Hantiwadaag laakiin waxaa la isku dayay dib u habaynta iyo dhisidda nidaamka garsoorka Soomaaliya iyo howlgalintiisa dhanka maamul goboleedyada Soomaaliya sida [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Puntland]] kuwaas oo leh xukun hoosaad, laakiin dawladda dhexe waxay diyaarisay bu'da nidaamka garsoorka cusub. Iyadoo ay jirto kala duwanaasho siyaasadeed dhamaan meelahaas hadana waxay ku midaysanyihiin dhamaantood hal qaanuun kaasoo ah mid soo jiray ilaa iyo dawladdii Hantiwadaag isagoo qiraya:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120118151830/http://www.hdcentre.org/files/Somalia%20report.pdf Stateless Justice in Somalia, Dr Andre Le Sage, Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue]</ref> * Jirtaanka dastuur dabooli kara xukuno ku salaysan [[Shareecada Islaamka]] ama fiqiga iyo waxii ay culumada muslimiidta isku waafaqeen sidaa daraadeed xukunada ku salaysan diinta laguma dhaqmo marka laga reebo arrimaha madaniga sida Guurk,a Furriinka, Dhaxalka iyo arrimaha madaniga ah ee kale. * Dhowrista xuquuqul insaanka iyo dhammaan qaanuunada la xiriira. Sidoo kale dastuurka wuxuu damaanad qaadayaa madax bannaanida garsoorka waxaana ka masuul ah Guddiga Adeegga Garsoorka. * Dhismaha adeeg Garsoor oo ka kooban saddex qaybood waana: Maxkamadda Sare, Maxkamadda Racfaanka, iyo Maxkamadaha Gobolada. * In ay shaqeeyaan qawaaniintii la sameeyay ka hor Hantiwadaaga 1969. *qaanuunka madaniga ah wa mid soo jireen aha oo mudo dheer soo socday oo ilaa imka jira dhamaan dadka somlaiyeedna ayku dhaqmaan *somaalia waa waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa libaax waayay garab oo waraabayaal badani haleen *waxaa somalia ay iska difaaci kartaa cadawgeega marka ay usoo Hantiwadaag dad wax bartay oo aqoon sare leh oo laga ilaaliyo ubaxa soo kacaaya qabyaalada ===Shareecada=== [[File:Sa white sesame seeds.jpg|thumb|right|193px|Beeraha Somalia]] [[Shareecada Islaamka]] waxay ka gashay kaalin lama huraan ah nolosha mujtamaca Soomaaliyeed, waxayba ahayd shareecada tiirka aasaaska ah ee laga tusaale qaato qawaaniinta marka la qorayo dastuur ee ka mid ah dastuurodii hore kuwaas oo la sameeyay intii ay jirtay nolosha ku salaysan siyaasadda,<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic, Article 8, p.6 |url=http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2010-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215171406/http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> sidaa daraadeed howl kasta waxay ku salaysnayd shareecada gaar ahaan howlaha madaniga ah sida guurka, furriinka, dhaxalka iyo waxyaabaha la xiriira qoyska; laakiin arrimahaas waxbaa iska bedelay dagaalkii sokeeye dabadii iyadoo ay soo baxeen maxkamado shareecada islaamka taasoo ku faaftay magaalooyin farabadan iyo deegaano ka mid ah Soomaaliya. Waxay noqotay kaalinta maxaakimta islaamiga taasoo aan horay looga baran: * Soo rogista xukunno arrimo kala gadisan; Madani iyo Ciqaab. * Abaabulka maleeshiyo iyo ciidamo u xilsaaran qabashada dambiilayaasha iyo joojinta waxyaabaha qaanuunka ka baxsan. * Haynta maxaabiista ilaa uu xukun kaga dhaco inta laga xukumayo. Samaysanka maxaakimta shareecada kuwaas oo muuqda wax fudud laakiin sida dhabta ah waxay ka samaysanyihiin nidaam maamul kana kooban gudoomiyaha maxkamadda ku xigeenka gudoomiyaha iyo afar qaalli. kuma koobna holaha ciidanka soo gudbinta warbixinno taasoo ah arrinta ugu muhiimsan ee ka kaabaysa xukunada ee ka soo baxa maxkamadaha waxayba u gudbaan xallinta khilaafaadka inta ayasan u gudbin saldhigyada maxaakimta waxaa dheeraad ah dabagalka dambiilayaasha iyo kuwa qaanuunka ku xadgudba kadib maxkamadaha ayaa loo dhiibayaa ee ku shaqada leh dambiyada fudud si ay u sii hayaan. Sidoo kale maxaakimta shareecda waxay sameeyeen dhisidda guddi dhaqaale madaxa bannaan soona uruuriya canshuurta lagu soo rogay ganacsiga iyo guud ahaan goobaha ganacsiga iyo meel kasta oo ganacsi ah. Marso [[2009]] Xukuumaddii ku meelgaarka ahayd waxay ku dhawaaqday in [[Shareecada Islaamka]] tahay halka laga qaato sharciga iyo soo saarista xukunada iyo qawaaniinta dalka.<ref>[http://www.arabnews.com/?page=4&section=0&article=119757&d=1&m=3&y=2009 Shariah in Somalia] – Arab News</ref> ===Xeerka=== Qarniyo badan Soomaalidu waxay adeegsan jireen nidaam sharci ama qaanuun kaasoo ku tiirsan dhaqanka iyo xeerarka jufooyinka sharciyadaasa ama qaanuunkaasa waxay Soomaalidu u taqiinay magaca "Xeer"; waa waxa sida dastuurka oo kale ah ama wax u dhow cahdi kala gadisan qaanuun ahaan mana jirto wakaalad ama hay'ad ama jiho ka msul ah taasoo cadaynaysa waxa uu yahay qaynuunka la raacayo marka uu jiro xukun maxkamadeed, taasoo mar kasta loolala laabanayo maxkamadda xeer beegtida ama golaha jufada si loo xadido xukunka ku haboon iyo sidii loo fulin lahaa. ==Habka maamul== Wuxuu ku salaysanyahay qodobka 49aad ee dastuurka Soomaaliya. Gobol gooni isu taagi karaa ma jiri karo, inta uu Gobol kale uu kuu biirayo, Dowladda Federaalka Somalia ayaa maamulaysa waxaana waajib ku ah gobalkaas inuu ku biiro gobol kale ama dawlad xubin ka ah Dawladda Federaalka mudo labo sano gudahood. ===Magaalooyin=== {{Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya}} [[File:Aden_Abdullah_Airport.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Intii uusan dhicin dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya, waxay u qaybsanayd maamul ahaan 18 Gobol, bulburkii kadib waxaa soo baxay maamulo beeleedyo; waxay Soomaaliya ahayd ka hor 1969 intii uusan dhicin inqilaabkii dawladdii rayadka ahayd 8 Gobol oo kaliya, Hantiwadaaga wuxuu ka dhigay 18 gobol kuwaas oo kala ah: {{columns |width = 150px |gap = 10px |col1 = 1 [[Awdal]]<br/>2 Bakool<br/>3 [[Banaadir]]<br/>4 [[Bari]]<br/>5 Baay<br/>6 [[Galguduud]] |col2 = 7 [[Gedo]]<br/>8 Hiiraan<br/>9 [[Jubbada Dhexe]]<br/>10 [[Jubbada Hoose]]<br/>11 [[Mudug]]<br/>12 [[Nugaal]] |col3 = 13 [[Sanaag]]<br/>14 [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]]<br/>15 [[Shabeellaha Hoose]]<br/>16 [[Sool]]<br/>17 [[Togdheer]]<br/>18 [[Woqooyi Galbeed]]}} Waxaa samaysamay maamul beeleedyo ka dhashay dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya waxaana ka mid ah: Waqooyiga Soomaaliya oo ku dhawaaqan madax banaani hal dhinac ah: [[Somaliland]] taasoo ka dhigan saddex gobol sida [[Awdal]], [[Woqooyi Galbeed]], [[Togdheer]] iyo Qaybo ka mid ah [[Sool]] iyo [[Sanaag]] oo ay kula dagaalameen [[Puntland]]. Sidaa daraadeed [[Somaliland]] waxay gobolladii usii qaybisay: [[Awdal]], [[Cayn]], [[Gabiley]], [[Hawd]], [[Maroodi Jeex]], [[Oodwayne]] [[Salal]] iyo [[Saraar]]. Waxaa sidaas oo kale [[Puntland]] samaysay Gobollo iyadoo kaga dayatay [[Somaliland]] Kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Bari]], [[Gardafuuy]], [[Haylan]], [[Karkaar]], [[Mudug]] iyo [[Nugaal]]. Ka sokoow in ay samaysay Puntland hadana waxay aqoonsantahay Dastuurka Soomaaliya kaasoo dhigaya Soomaaliya in ay tahay 18 Gobol kaasoo waxba kama jiraan ka dhigaya gobollada ay magacaawday. ===Habka maamul gobolleedyada=== Habka Federaalka ee lagu muransanyahay Soomaaliya wuxuu dalka u qaybiyay sidaan soo socota: * {{Flag|Soomaaliya}} wuxuu federaalka u qaybiyay. * [[Puntland]] * [[Galmudug]] * [[Somaliland]] * [[Khaatumo state]] * [[Jubaland]] * Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya * Hiiraan iyo Shabeellaha dhexe Qodobka 49aad ee Dastuurka Soomaaliya wuxuu qorayaa 2 gobol iyo wixii ka badan baa samayn kara Maamul ka tirsan Dawladda Soomaaliya, waxay durbadiiba ka dhalatay caqabad ku aadan xuduudaha maamullada. ==Juqraafiga iyo cimilada== Soomaaliya waxay dhacdaa bariga fog ee qaaradda afrika taasoo u muuqaal eg qaabka ay u samaysanyahay geeska [[Wayil|wayiyisha]] kaasoo ku badan qaaradda afrika sidaa daraadeed waxaa loogu magacdaray [[Geeska Afrika|geeska afrika]]. waxay soomaaliya ku fidsantahay inta u dhaxeysa loolka 10 waqooyi dhigta 49 bari. wuxuu gaarayaa bedka Soomaaliya 637,657 kiiloomitir iskuwareeg ah waxaa ka mid ah 10,320 kiiloomitir iskuwareeg ah waxay biyaha ka hayaan ilaa 1.6% ee bedeka guud ee dalka waxay waxyar uun ka yartahay gobolka [[Texas]] ee maraykanka. Sidoo kale waxay Soomaaliya leedahay xuduud barri ah oo dhererkeedu gaaraya 2,340 km ee kala berta dhammaan [[Jabuuti]] masaafo dhan 58 kiiloometer, [[Itoobiya]] masaafo dhan 1,600 kiiloomiter iyo [[Kiinya]] masaafo dhan 682 km, sidaa daraadeed Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer guud ahaan qaaradda Afrika, iyadoo gaareesya xeebta Soomaaliya dhererkeeda 3,025 kiiloomitir; dhul badeedka Soomaaliya wuxuu gaarayaa ilaa 200 [[Mayl]] Bad gudaha [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. {{Infobox Weather |metric_first= Yes |single_line= Yes |location =[[Soomaaliya]] |lixkor/Jan_Hi_°C =30 |Feb_Hi_°C =30 |Mar_Hi_°C =40 |Apr_Hi_°C =40 |May_Hi_°C =40 |Jun_Hi_°C =40 |Jul_Hi_°C =40 |Aug_Hi_°C =30 |Sep_Hi_°C =30 |Oct_Hi_°C =30 |Nov_Hi_°C =30 |Dec_Hi_°C =30 |Year_Hi_°C =30 |Jan_Lo_°C =15 |Feb_Lo_°C =15 |Mar_Lo_°C =15 |Apr_Lo_°C =15 |May_Lo_°C =15 |Jun_Lo_°C =15 |Jul_Lo_°C =15 |Aug_Lo_°C =15 |Sep_Lo_°C =15 |Oct_Lo_°C =15 |Nov_Lo_°C =15 |Dec_Lo_°C =0 |Year_Lo_°C =15 |Jan_Precip_mm =40 |Feb_Precip_mm =40 |Mar_Precip_mm =40 |Apr_Precip_mm =40 |May_Precip_mm =40 |Jun_Precip_mm =40 |Jul_Precip_mm =50 |Aug_Precip_mm =50 |Sep_Precip_mm =40 |Oct_Precip_mm =40 |Nov_Precip_mm =40 |Dec_Precip_mm =40 |Year_Precip_mm =500 |source = Daraasaad lagu sameeyey - Soomaaliya<ref>[http://countrystudies.us/somalia/34.htm|publisher Countrystudies.us Somalia - Climate 04]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |accessdate = 2009-11-04 }} ==Caafimaadka== Waxaa lagua tiriyaa dhibatada caafimaadka la xiriirta ee dhalmada Soomaaliya kuwa ugu muhimsan caqabadaha iyo dhibaatada ee horyaala ururada caafimaadka ka shaqeeya Soomaaliya sida [[UNICEF]]. waxaana caqabadahaas ugu waaweyn kororka saamiga dhimashada ee haweenka xilliga dhalmada sidoo kale koroka saamiga dhimashada caruurta dhawaan dhaladka ah sababo badan awgeed waxaana ka mid ah engaga neef mareenka iyo [[Malaariyo|malaariyada]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171115191540/https://www.unicef.org/somalia/health.html UNICEF Somalia - Health - Issue 2018-12-05]</ref> ==Waxbarashada== Wasaaradda Waxbarashada iyo Barbaarinta waa hay'adda kaliya ee rasmiga Soomaaliya u qaabishan habaynta socodsiinta waxbarashada dalka, waxay ka faaiidaysaa wasaaradda saami dhan 15% guud ahaan bixinata miisaaniyadda dawladda taasoo loogu talo galay tacliinta. Tacliintu Waxay noqotay mid muhiim u aha dawlad goboleedyada ama Soomaaliya ha ahaatee ama maamul goboleedyada leh madax banaanida gaarka ah, sanadkii [[2006]] waxay noqotay [[Puntland]] meesha labaad ee Soomaaliya marka laga yimaado [[Somaliland]], taasoo ka dhigtay tacliinta aasaasiga ah mid lacag la'an ah halka ay macalimiinta ka qaatada gunadooda bisha maamulka si toos ah.<ref>[http://www.afrol.com/articles/16083 Staff writer Puntland (Somalia) to introduce free primary schools Afrol News 2006]</ref> Sanadii [[2007]] waxaa batay tirada dugsiyada hoose ee soomaaliya 600 dugsi intii uusan dhicin dagaalkii sokeeye ila iyo 1,172 dugsi iyadoo uu kordhay qadar saami dhan 28% wadarta guud ee tirada ardada heerka hoose.<ref name="Basic education survey">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090205150949/http://education.puntlandgovt.com/BES_presentation2007.pdf Basic education survey]</ref> ==Dhaqaalaha== Asigoo socda dagaalkii sokeeye Soomaaliya waxaa u suuro gashay dhisidda dhaqaale soo koraya sanadihii u dambeeyay kuna tiirsan xoolha nool shirakada xawilaada lacagta iyo shirkadaha isgaarsiinta;<ref name="CIA2008"/> daraasad uu ku sameeyay [[Bankiga Aduunka]] sanadkii [[2003]] dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya waxay muujinaysaa koritaanka qaybaha gaarka ah qaab la arki karo gaar ahaan Ganacsiga iyo Xawilaadaha lacagta iyo adeega aasaasiga ah sidaa daraadeed waxay gaartay in ay ku hormarto qaybaha muhimka ah sida xoolaha beeraha iyo kalluumaysiga,<ref name="world bank 2003">[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/03/25/000112742_20040325090551/Rendered/PDF/282760Somalia0Country0reengagement0note.pdf Country Re-Engagement Note]</ref> sida ay muujisay daraasadda ay soo saartay qaramada midoobay sanadkii [[2007]] koritaanka qaybaha adeegyada<ref name="irin">[http://www.irinnews.org/country.aspx?CountryCode=SO&RegionCode=HOA The Somali Democratic Republic UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]</ref> aqoonyahanka [[Anthroboloji|Anthroboloji]] Spencer Heath McCallum ku saleeyay shuruucda beelaha soomaaliyeed "Xeer" asaas ahaan kaasoo suura galiyay beeyad ku wanaagsan dhaqaalaha si looga wada faaiideysto una wanaagsanaato danaha mashaariic dhaqaale.<ref>[http://mises.org/story/2701 The Rule of Law without the State, Somalia]</ref> Qaybta Beeraha waxaa lagu tiriyaa qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee xagga dhaqaalaha ee dalka iyadoo ah marka lagu daro xoolaha 40% [[Wax soo saar|wax soo saarka dadka]] ee soomaaliya kaasoo ah 65% guud ahaan waxyaabaha ka soo xarooda dhoofinta;<ref name="CIA2008">{{Cite web |ciwaan=CIA - The World Factbook - Somalia (2008) |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html#Econ |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2016-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html#Econ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> marka dhinac la iska dhigo wax soo saarka beeraha iyo hilibka la qalay ama asigoo nool taasoo ay dhoofiso Soomaaliya waxay kale oo ay dhoofisaa [[Kaluun|kaluunka]], [[Dhuxul|dhuxusha]], [[Moos|mooska]], [[Liin|liinta]], [[Galley|Galleyda]], [[Hadhuudh|masago]] dhammaantood waa wax soo saarka gudaha.<ref name="CIA2008"/> Arrinta ku saabsan dhoofinta xoolaha waxay soomaaliya dhoofisay 3 malyan oo xoolo nool ah sanadii [[1999]] waxaana laga dhoofiyay dekadaha [[Boosaaso]] iyo [[Berbera|berbera]] waxaa la dhoofiyay 95% guud ahaan orgida 52% iyo Wanan kuwaas oo laga dhoofiyay Bari afrika guud ahaan. Waxay dhoofisaa [[Somaliland]] sanadkiiba ku dhawaad 180 malyan tan oo xoolo ah marka lagu daro ilaa 480 malyan oo tan wax soo saarka beeraha. Sidaa daraadeed Soomaaliya waxay ku jirtaa suuqgeeyaha ugu weyn [[Lubaan|luubaan]] iyo [[Malmal|malmasha]] guud ahaan aduunka.<ref name="improvement">[http://www.independent.org/pdf/working_papers/64_somalia.pdf Somalia After State Collapse: Chaos or Improvement? Benjamin Powell, Ryan Ford, Alex Nowrasteh November 30, 2006]</ref> [[file:Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154.jpg|thumb|250px|waxaa jira tiro badan shirkadaha duulimaadyada gaarka ah taasoo taasoo hogaaminayasa dagaal xagga dhimista sicirka si ay u hesho tiro badan oo duulumaadyo ah si shirkadaha kale meesha uga saarto.]] Laakiin qaybta warshadaha waxaa ka jirta dhibaato la xiriirta dagaalkii sokeeye oo ku dhisan gasacaynta iyo diyaarinta wax soosaarka beeraha si looga dhigo wax la dhoofin karo, qaybta warshadaha ma dhaafsana 10% wax soo saarka guud ee gudha. Marka laga tago ku tiirsanaanta wax soo saarka beeraha waxaa biloowday qayba ka mid ah wax soo saarka warshadaha horumar ay sameeynayaan, tusaale ahaan waxaa jira shirkado taasoo hogaanka u haysa dagaal ah dhimista sicirka si ay u hesho duulimaadyo badan taasoo meesha ka saaraysa shirkadaha tabarta daran.<ref name = "WB2005-03-18">[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/SOMALIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20398872~menuPK:367671~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:367665,00.html Africa Open for Business The World Bank]</ref> Waxaa kaloo jira qaybo howlo tasoo korriin laga dareemaya taasoo ah mid ay ku tiirsanyihiin shacabka Soomaaliyeed ee dibadda jira sida shirkadaha taleefoonada mobilada iyo xarumaha idaacadaha gaarka loo leeyahay Maqayadaha internetka waxaa sidoo kale jira [[Koka koola]] ee caalami ah taasoo ku tusaysa taasoo ay ku kalsoon yihiin shirkadaha caalamiga ah marka la eego maalgashiga ee hadda Soomaaliya.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3865595.stm Ferrett Grant Coca-Cola Makes Somalia Return BBC News 2004]</ref> Sidaas daraadeed waxaa lagu tiriyaa shikadaha xawilaadda qaybaha ugu badan ganacsiga ee hadda jira, kuwaas oo sameeya ku shubista in ku dhow 2 Bilyan doollar sanadkiiba dalka gudihiisa iyagoo soo mariya xawilaadaha dibadda ee soomaalida dibadda<ref name="CIA2008"/> waxaana lagu tiriyaa shirkadaha aadka ugu dhaqdhaqaa badan qaybtaan shirkadahaan ma sameeyaan qaadista lacagta si xawilladaha khaashka ah waxaa ku xiran shirkaadaas shirkadda "Dahabshiil" oo xarunteedu tahay [[Hargaysa]] kuwaasoo ay ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan 1,000 soomaali waxay leedahay 40 laanmo dhamaan caalamka waxaa ka mid ah laanta [[Dubay]] iyo [[London]].<ref name="Forbes">[http://www.forbescustom.com/EmergingMarketsPgs/AbdirashidDualeInterviewP1.html Freeing Finance: If money makes the world go round, Dahabshiil CEO Abdirashid Duale makes sure it goes to the right people]</ref> Sida ay muujiyeen shirkado maraykan iyo shiine ah si isku mid ah inuu jiro dano muuqda ee ku saabsan macdanta ku jurta soomaaliya gaar ahaan soo saarista shidaalka waxaana taa cadeeyay shirkadda lagu magacaabo ''Range Resources'' ee maraykanka ah jiritaanka kayd badan oo shidaal ah dhulks maamul goboleedka [[Puntland]] lagu qiyaasan shan ilaa toban bilyan oo fuusto ee saliidda ceeriinka ah.<ref>[http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ Exploration rights in Somalia for Chinese oil giant CNOOC Oilmarketer.co.uk 2009-02-25]</ref> ==Isgaarsiinta iyo warbaahinta== Waxaa sii kordhayay tobankii sano ee u danbaysay tiro badan Wargaysyada xarumaha Idaacadaha iyo Talefishinada kuwaas oo aan ku ekayn oo kaliya caasimadda, laakiin u gudbay magaalooyinka waaweyn. kuwaas oo qabsaday warbaahinta. kuma eka oo kaliya warbaahinta waxyba gaartay isgaarsiinta xarigga dhulka iyo midda xarig la' iyadoo ay korotay adeegsedeyaasha [[Internet]]ka shan sano gudaheed intii u dhaxeeysay [[2002]] iyo [[2007]] qiyaastii 44,900% iyadoo gaartay heerkii ugu sareeyay koritaanka afrika abid.<ref>[http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats1.htm#africa Internet Usage Statistics for Africa, Internetworldstats.com]</ref> Iyadoo ay ka wada hadlayaan shirkadaha guud ee ka shaqeeya [[Macluumaadka Teknolojiyadda]] suuq ka kooban nus malyan adeegsade internet. waxaa hadda laga helaa Soomaaliya 22 [[Bixiyaha Adeegga Internet]] waxaa dheeraad ah ilaa 234 [[Maqaayad Internet]] oo dalka ku faafsan taasoo sanadkiiba ku guulaysatay gaarsiinta 15.6%. waxaana hadda la suurta-galiyay isgaarsiin Internet ah dhanka [[Dayax Gacmeed]]ka gaar ahaan meelaha fogfog taas oo aan lahayn [[Codsi Talefon|Khad taleefan]] ama shabkad xarig la' ah. Waxay ka mid ah [[Qaramada Midoobay]] ama [[NGO|Heeyadaha aan dawliga ahayn]] Hay'adaha maaliyadda gaar ahaan shirkadaha xawila lacagta iyo maqaayadaha internetka waa kuwa ugu badan adeesiga shabakadda caarcaarada Internetka ee dalka. Waxaa lagu tiriyaa qaybta [[Codsi Talefon|Isgaarsiinta Talefonka]] ee internetka kuwa ugu badanq qayb ahaan koritaanka marka loo eego dhamaan qaaradda isla goobta iyadoo koraysa tirada [[Talefon Guri]] kuwaasoo sanadkii gaari kara 12.5% (hadda waxaa la helaa 100,000 khad talefon guri) markii la barbar dhigo dawladaha kale ee dhaca geeska afrika gaar ahaan bariga afrika si guud kuwaas oo dhib ku qaba xiridda khadka talefonka guriga sabab ka dhalatay burburin ulakac ah sicir barar ku yimid fiilooyinka maarta ah ee loo adeegsado galinta taleefonada dhulka. Waxaa xusid mudan gaarsiinta khad dhulka ah ee kuwa cusub ah ee cusub waxay qaadanaysaa saddex maalmood oo kaliya Soomaaliya laakiin waxay gaari kartaa sanado dheer dalka dariska la ah ee lagu magacaabo [[Kiinya]]. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa qaybta isgaarsiinta ee xariga dhulka ah dalka waa qaybaha ugu wanaagsan marka loo eego qaarada Afrika kuwaas oo ay bixiyaan shirkado badan soona gudbiya adeeg heer sare ah waxaa ka mid ah la hadalka dibadda adigoo bixinaya 10 doollar oo kaliya, waxaa taa dheer Isgaarsiin xarig la' tasoo ay korortay koror aad u weyn tirada haysata ee shirkadaha adeega bixinta taleefonada xarig la' kaasoo gaaray 627,000 adeegsade. ==Ciidanka== Ciidanka somaliya waa kuwa igu awooda badan afrika waxa ayna la dagaalameen ciidankii itoobiya 1977 waxaan guuleestay ciidanka somaliya somaliya ciidankeeda wexee Ku bixisaa dakhli dhan 50 bilyan oo doolar waana ciida Ka daagalimi Kara cimila walba qaboow iyo kulee {{flag|Somalia}} Somalis 🇸🇴♥️♥️♥️♥️.!!` ==Beeyada== Soomaaliya waxaa hareeyay cimilo kulul oomane ah, halka uu gaarayo roobka da'a inta u dhexeysa sanadkiiba 10 20 iyo [[Inji]] halka ayna ka badnayn dhulka la beeri karo 2% bedka guud ee Soomaaliya, dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa mid ku reebay raad xun Kaymaha, waxaa la jaray in badan oo geedahaas ah ujeedaduna waxay ahayd [[Dhuxul]] taas oo sababtay [[Abaar|abaar]]. Dawladdii Hantiwadaaga waxay samaysay qorshe ballaaran ee ah beerista dhir guud ahaan jamhuuriyadda taas oo loola jeeday '''Bacaad celin''' iyo ka hortagga saxaraha. waxaana la aas'aasay markii ugu horaysay hay'adda beeyada ee soomaaliya xilligii Hantiwadaaga taasoo loogu magac-daray "ECOTERRA Somalia" ee raacsan "Golaha Beeyada Soomaaliya" taasoo gacan ka gaysatay wacyi galint ku saabsan beeyada waxay kaloo samaysay dhaqaajinta barnaamijkii beeyada dhammaan qaybaha xukuumadda sidoo kale heeyadaha bulshada rayadka ah sidoo kale waxaa la aas'aasay "xarunta cilimi baarista iyo la socodka iyo dhowrista nolosha barriga" iyadoo loo marayo heeyada "ECOTERRA" caalamiga ah sanadkii [[1986]], waxaa faaiidadeeda la arkay [[1989]] halka ay ogolaadeen xisbiyada dalka xukuumadda dhammaan saxiixa xukuumadda soomaaliya heshiis "manuuciaya ka ganacsiga nuucyada sii baaba'ya" (CITES) taasoo waxaa markii ugu horreysay la mamnuucay ka ganacsiga [[Ilik|faanta]] [[Maroodi|maroodiga]]. Waxaa taa la socday u dhaq-dhaqaaqda iyo abaal marinta goldman ee beeyada {{en|Goldman Environmental Prize}} Faaduma Jibriil olo-oleynta bulshada ee ku wajahnayd ku wacyi galinta beeyada waxayna ka soo biloowday magaaladii ay ku dhalatay iyadoo isku duba riday guddiyo ilaaliya nolosha barriga xeebaha, waxay kaloo tababartay kuwaas oo u howl gali doona ilaalinta beeyada gaar ahaan meelaha dhuxuusha laga gubo. ==Dadka== Waxa uu gaarayaa dadka [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliya]] dega ilaa 12,832,017 qof, waana tiro aan la hubin waxaana la xisaabsada tirada dadka tii ay samaysay dawladdii Hantiwadaaga [[1975]], waxaa kale oo jira trakoob soo baxay [[2015]] oo qiyaas ah kaas oo ay soo bandhigtay Wasaarada Qorshaynta Soomaaliya waxaana lagu sheegay 12,316,895 qof suurtagal maaha in la ogaado tirakoobka rasmiga ah ee hadda taasoo ay sababtu tahay mujtamaca soomaaliyeed oo u badan [[Reer guuraa]] sidoo kale tira badan oo barakacayaal ah kuwaas oo ka cararay baahi ama dagaal sokeeye, sidoo kale waxaa kordhay tirada ku maqan qurbaha dagaalkii sokeeye dabadii taasoo hadana sabatay in ay dalka ka cararaan aqoonyahanadii soomaaliyeed una cararaan [[Bariga Dhexe]], [[Yurub]] iyo [[Woqooyiga Ameerika]]. Sinjiga ugu badan, oo ah 85% waa [[Soomaali]] iyadoo aay jiraan sinjiyo kale oo isku dardar ah kuwaas oo gaaraya 15%, waxaa ka mid ah: Baantuuga Gibilcadka Barawaani Baajuun, [[Hindi]], [[Iiraan]] waxaa kaloo jira kuwo ay dhaleen isticmaarka xilligii gumaysiga talyaaniga kuwaas oo lagu magacaabo Misyooni oo gaaraya 30 kun oo qof waxaa jiri kara dadyoow kale ee aan Soomaali ahayn oo iska tagay markii xoriyadda la qaatay [[1960]] horayna u raacan isticmaarkii. ==Luqadda== [[File:R.publication Somali language.jpg|thumb|center|196px|Daabacadaha [[Af Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]]<ref> '''[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/ Buugag iyo Qormo Dhigashada… (Jw.org)] '''</ref>]] [[Af-Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]] waa Afka rasmiga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya waana Af-soomaaliga ([[Maay]] iyo [[Maxaa tiri]]), waa mid ka mid ah afafka [[Luqadaha Kushiitiga|Kushiitiga]] taasoo ah mid raacsan laan ka mid ah laamaheeda [[Afro-Aasiyatik|Afrika Aasiya]], kuwa ugu dhow Af-Soomaaliga waa Af-Cafarta taasoo looga hadlo [[Itoobiya]], [[Eratareya]] iyo [[Jabuuti]], sidoo kale [[Oramada]] taasoo iyana looga hadlo [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kiinya]]. Af-Soomaaligu waa tan ugu badan Afafka Kushitiga loogu qorista badanyahay sideedaba,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200327170337/http://www.springerlink.com/content/b14r67j54k377r7g/ A software tool for research in linguistics and lexicography: Application to Somali 2018-12-05]</ref> Waxaa jirtay daraasad cilmiyeed ku saabsan [[Af-Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]] kana horaysay 1900. ==Diinta== Muddaddii qadiimiga, Soomaalidda waxay ku baraarugsanaan jiray diinta [[Waaqiya]], laakin maanta, marka laga reebo in yar oo ka mid ah [[Soomaalida|shacabka soomaaliyeed]] dhammaantood waxay haystaam [[Islaam|islaamka]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061214023655/http://www.mepc.org/workshops/popstat.asp Middle East Policy Council - Muslim Populations Worldwide 2018-12-05]</ref> badankood waa [[Ahlu sunno waljamaaca|sunno]] kuwaas oo haysta [[Madhabo|madhabka]] shaaficiyadda ]'<ref name="Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi">Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi, ''Culture and Customs of Somalia'', (Greenwood Press: 2001), p.1</ref> wuxaa lagu tilmaamaya dastuurka soomaaliya in ay diinta islaamku tahay diinta kaliya ee dalka ka jiri karta, shareecada islaamkuna tahay asalka. ==Ciidaha iyo fasaxyada rasmiga ah== {{Ciidaha Soomaaliya}} ==Dhaqanka== Soomaalidu waxay ku abtirsataa dhaqan fac weyn oo xeerar iyo qawaaniintiisa leh. Marka aad culuuntan dhaqanka qaarkood dhegeysato waxaad garan karaysaa baaxadda dhaqan cilmiyeysan ay laahaayeen Soomaalidii hore. Dhaqanka soomaaliyeed wuxuu isugu jiraa caadooyin waxyaabo la soo wariyay dhaqankaas oo ku kaydsan maskaxda waayeelka soomaaliyeed taasoo casriyo hore lagu dhaqmi jiray dhaqamada gudaha iyo dhaqamada dawlado kale keeneen soomaaliya waa mid ku salaysan taariikh sida [[Itoobiya]] [[Kiinya]], [[Yemen]] ,[[Hindiya]] iyo [[Iiraan]]. ===Miyuusigga=== Soomaaliya waxay uga duwantahay dunida inteeda kale iyadoo ah mid ka mid ah dawladaha Afrika taasoo shacabkeedu ka koobanyahay hal qomiyad waana [[Soomaali]] taasoo ka dhigtay in ay ka midaysan yihiin naaxiyadda muusikada guud ahaan dalka waana waxa ka caawiyay faafinta kooxada muusikada soomaaliyeed oo ay ka mid tahay kooxda "Waabari" iyo "Horseed" meela ka baxsan Soomaaliya qaar ka mid ah ayaa sameeyay laxan heesaa soomaaliyeed sida "[[Maryan Mursal]]" iyagdoo musikadii Soomaaliyeed qaybo kale oo reer galbeed ku dhexdartay. ===Fanka=== * Fanka soomaalida wuxuu u qaysanyahay: * Fan shaxaneed, sida farshaxanka – Sawirka – Far-guri – Injineernimo – Dhisme – Fanka dhismaha – Geeda qoris... * Fan ku luuqeen, Suugaan – sida Miyuusiga – Heesaha - Shineemda iyo masraxiyadda – Gabayga – Sheeko xiriirta... * Fan Cayaareed, sida qoobka cayaarka – Gamuuan tuurka – Indhe sarcaad – Shiribka – Jaandheerta – Dhaantada... Waa hab, [[gabay|abuurida]], qurxinta, habaynta iyo soo bandhiga [[hees|heesaha Soomaalida]], [[ruwaayad]]aha iyo [[majaajilo]]oyinka u dhaqanka ah [[dadka Soomaalida]] ah meelkasta ooy joogaan, gaar ahaan inta ku dhaqan [[Bariga Afrika]]. Guud ahaan, fanka Soomaalidu waa nooc ka mid ah [[Suugaan|Suugaanta Soomaalida]]. Sidoo kale, dadka ku hadla [[Af Soomaali]]ga waxay leeyihiin [[fan]] aad u heersareeya, qani ku ah aqoon iyo xirfad qoto dheer. In kastoo fanka maanta jira yahay mid aad u da' yar wuxuu leeyahay waaxyaabo iyo noocyo aad u badan. Kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah [[qaaci|heesaha qaaciga]], [[qaraami]]ga, heesaha jaaska, [[ruwaayad]]aha, [[majaajilo]]yinka, [[filim]]aanta, bandhigyada fanka, qoob-ka-ciyaarka iyo guud ahaan madadaalada ku baxda luuqada [[Soomaaliga]]. ===Cunto karinta=== [[file:Somali food.jpg|thumb|196px|nuucyada kala gadisan ee [[Cunto kariska soomaalida|Cunto]].|alt=]] Cunto kariska Soomaalida wuu kala gadisanyahay meel walbo meesha kale sidaa daraadeed inuu ka mid yahay waxyaabaha muhimka u ah soomaalida in laga heli karo meel kasta ee dalka ka mid ah cunto [[Xalaal]] ah sida ay qabto diinta islaamka sida in aysan dhici karin wax ay ku jiraan xedha doofaarkaama [[Hilib]] [[Doofaar]] sidoo kale ma laga yaabo in laguu keeno [[Cabitaan]] alkolo ah nuucyadii kala duwan, sidoo kale lagama cuno bakhtiga, ama dhiiga la fariisiyay. Soomaaliya waxaa laga qadeeyaa kowda wixii ka dambeeya duhurka dabadii laakiin inta lagu guda jiro bisha [[Ramadaan]] waxaa la cunayaa Marka ay dhamaato salaadda taraawiixdataasoo xitaa gaadhi karta kow iyo tobanka fiidnimo. waxaa la cunaa "Cambuulada" oo ugu badan bisha Soomaaliya taasoo laga cuno dhammaan dalka, waxaa la kariyaa marka hore cambuulada, taasoo meelaha qaar looga yaqaan digir ([[Af-Soomaali]]: digir), muddo gaarsiisan shan saacadood oo xidhiidh ah dab yar oo khafiif ah si ay u noqoto mid bisil. Waxaa kale oo jirta [[Muufo]] taasoo ka samaysan [[Galley|Ganleey]] la shiiday kadibna la cajiimay laguna dubay [[Tinaar]], waxaa qaabkaas oo kale loo sameeyaa [[Sabaayad]] waxay kaga duwantahay dubista. ==sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Soomaali luqadda dhegoolaha]] * [[Somaliland]] * [[Djibouti]] * [[IGAD]] * [[Diinta Soomaalida]] ==Xogta== {{reflist}} ==Daabacado kale== <div class="mw-content-ltr"> * Hadden, Robert Lee. 2007. [http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA464006 "The Geology of Somalia: A Selected Bibliography of Somalian Geology, Geography and Earth Science."]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Engineer Research and Development Laboratories, Topographic Engineering Center, Alexandria, VA. Abstract. * Hess, Robert L. ''Italian Colonialism in Somalia''. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1966. *Fitzgerald, Nina J. ''Somalia''. New York: Nova Science, Inc., 2002. * Lewis. I.M. ''Pastoral Democracy: A study on Pastoralism and Politics among the Northern Somali clans''. Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1958. ISBN 978-3-8258-3084-7. * Mwakikagile, Godfrey. ''The Modern African State: Quest for Transformation'', Chapter Four: Somalia: A Stateless State - What Next?, pp.&nbsp;109–132, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Huntington, New York, 2001. * Tripodi, Paolo. ''The Colonial Legacy in Somalia''. New York: St. Martin's P Inc., 1999. </div> ==Linkiyo banaanka ah== ; Xukuumadda * [http://www.tfgsomalia.net Websitkii dawladdii federaalka ku meel gaarka ahayd] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tfgsomalia.net/ |date=20190924214612 }} * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/somalia.html Raysulwasaaraha iyo liiska wasiirada] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/somalia.html |date=20120926194338 }} * [https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/iimaan-run-ah/iimaanka-runta-ah-muxuu-yahay/ Soomaali: Iimaan Run ah Waa Waddada Nolol Farxad Leh] ;Macluumaad guud * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html Bogga Soomaaliya ee buugga ''World Factbook'' Sirdoonka Maraykanka] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |date=20160701194614 }} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/somalia.htm Maktabadda jaamacadda koloraado] * [http://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Somalia Hagista safarka ee soomaaliya (Af-Ingiriis) ee websiteka ''Wikivoyage''] ;Warbaahin * [http://allafrica.com/somalia/ Wararka ugu doorka roon ee doomaaliya] websiteka ''allafrica.com'' * [http://www.irinnews.org/Africa-Country.aspx?Country=SO IRIN Somalia] Wararka iyo hubinta warsaxaafadeedka ee ku saabsan arrimaha bini aadamnimo ee soomaaliya ;Kuwo kale {{col-begin}} {{col-1-of-2}} * [http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/somalia Hay´adda laanqeerta cas ee Soomaaliya] * [http://www.somaliaonline.com/ Somalia Online] * [http://www.somalilink.com/ The Somali Link] * [http://education.nairobi-unesco.org/ Xafiiska UNESCO ee nairobi ee quseeya waxbarashada Soomaaliya] {{col-2-of-2}} * [http://education.nairobi-unesco.org/PDFs/somalia.pdf Xafiiska UNESCO ee Nairobi barnaamijyafa tacliinta ee dhammaan 2015 - Soomaaliya] * [http://www.kataaib.net Websiteka Mustaqbalka umadda Soomaaliyeed] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kataaib.net/ |date=20081028004403 }} * [http://www.mapsyou.com/mapsFrame.aspx?p1=117 Khariidada ee websitka ado] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mapsyou.com/mapsFrame.aspx?p1=117 |date=20090114115414 }} * [http://www.jaallesiyaad.com Websiteka rasmiga ah ee taariikhda gaarka ah Madaxweyne Syd. Barre] {{col-end}} {{Jiho | Woqooyi Galbeed = {{flag|Djibouti}} | Woqooyi = {{flag|Yemen}} • ''[[Gacanka Cadmeed]]'' | Woqooyi Bari = ''[[Gacanka Cadmeed]]'' | Galbeed = {{flag|Ethiopia}} | Magaca = {{flag|Somalia}} | Bari = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' | Koofur = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' | Koofur Galbeed = {{flag|Kenya}} | Koofur Bari = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' }} {{coord|02|02|N|45|21|E|type:Soomaaliya | display=title}} {{Maqaal Xul Ah|subst=4928983 |Taariikh=26 Diseember 2015}} {{Portal bar|Soomaaliya}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Soomaaliya|*]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah midowga afrika]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah jaamacadda carabta|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah ururka iskaashiga islaamka|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka ugu horumarka liita|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah qaramada midoobay|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Geeska Afrika|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka dhaca badweynta hindiya|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka iyo meelaha looga hadlo af-soomaaliga|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Jamhuuriyadaha]] [[Category:Wadamada Afrika|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka federaalka ah|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Mustacmarado hore ee talyaaniga|Soomaaliya]] __INDEX__ qkkqnp9ks64d27t1xufnykid35nwff4 0 31954 238355 208219 2022-07-20T15:47:46Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''War Thunder''''' waa ciyaar fiidiyoow ah oo [[fiidiyoow]] ah oo fiidiyoow ah oo lagu ciyaaro oo ay soo saartay oo ay daabacday istuudiyaha horumariyaha ciyaarta fiidiyowga ee [[Gaijin Entertaiment]]. Waxaa lagu dhawaaqay 2011, waxaa markii ugu horeysay la sii daayay [[Nofeembar]] 2012 oo ah beta furan oo lagu sii daayo adduunka oo dhan Janaayo 2013; waxay si rasmi ah u sii deysay 21kii Diseembar 2016. Waxay leedahay qaab iskudhaf ah oo loogu talagalay Microsoft Windows, MacOS, Linux, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, iyo Shield Android TV. Waxaa loo soo saaray "ciyaarta jilitaanka duulaya", waxaa horey loogu magacaabay World of Planes laakiin waxay la mid tahay Wargaming World of Warplanes waxaa loo badalay magaceeda hada ee 2012. Markii hore, Gaijin wuxuu sheeganayay ka dib markii ciyaarta la shaaciyay inay ahayd Abriil Nacasyadu way kaftamaan ka hor intaanay xaqiijin jiritaankooda Juun isla sannadkaas. Tan iyo markaas, Gaijin wuxuu sii waday caado sanadle ah si loogu diyaariyo dhacdooyin aan caadi aheyn maalinta Foolsiyada ee [[Abriil]]. War Thunder wuxuu ku guuleystey abaalmarino dhowr ah kadib markii la siidaayey, wuxuu ku guuleystey Game jilitaanka ugu wanaagsan ee [[Gamescom 2013 Awards]] sidoo kale wuxuu ku guuleystey ciyaarti ugu fiicneyd, soosaaraha ugu fiican, tikniyoolajiyadda ugu fiican iyo codka ugu fiican abaalmarinta KRI 2013. Laga soo bilaabo 2019, War Thunder wuxuu ka mid yahay cayaaraha ugu badan ee lagu ciyaaro Steam oo ay weheliyaan in ka badan 25,000 ciyaartoy isku mid ah. sl0zzmk9nl2tfpbu2gkmwp9yhou958v 0 34434 238398 224492 2022-07-21T09:54:44Z 62.140.210.135 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:USMC-120418-M-7721G-041.jpg|thumb|right|500px|]] {{Flag|Afghanistan}} [[Aasiya]] Afgaanistaan ​​waxay muddo dheer lahayd taariikh beerashada poppy poppy iyo goosashada. Laga bilaabo [[2021]], dalagga [[Afgaanistan]] ​​​​wuxuu soo saaraa in ka badan 90% ee heroin-ka sharci darrada ah adduunka oo dhan, iyo in ka badan 95% saadka reer [[Yurub]]? Dhul ka badan ayaa Afgaanistaan ​​loo isticmaalaa in lagu beero kookaha marka loo eego Latin America. 8714g1crbyt9sgjwzzbmaw52be61bgv 0 34600 238387 235315 2022-07-21T09:26:30Z 62.140.210.135 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WMD_world_map.svg|thumb|right|400px|[[Waqooyi Korea Sunka]]]] [[File:Occupied_Palestinian_Territories.jpg|thumb|right|400px| [[Muranka Israel/Falastine]]]] [[File:Naf_river_by_Shahnoor_Habib.jpg|thumb|right|400px|[[Muranka Bangladesh / Myanmar]]]] [[File:Damages_after_2020_Beirut_explosions_1.jpg|thumb|right|400px|[[Dhibaato Lubnaan]]]] '''Muranka Dunida Waddanamaha''' {{columns-list|colwidth=20em| * [[Muranka Hadalka Israel / Iraan]] * [[Muranka Israel/Falastine]] * [[Muran Ambalat]] * [[Muranka P5]] * [[Muranka Koonfur Korea/Jabaan]] * [[Muranka Noktundo]] * [[Muranka Dhiiq B kac Yurub]] * [[Muranka Bakistan/Hindiya]] * [[Muranka Beeraha Ukraine 2022]] * [[Muranka Deutsche Welle]] * [[Muranka Bangladesh / Myanmar]] * [[Muranka Masar/ Biyoka Itobiya]] * [[Muranka Hadalka Koonfur korea UN/Lacagata Iraan]] * [[Muranka Bosniya]] * [[Muranka Daadka Hindu/Daadka Muslim Hindiya Deggan]] * [[Muranka Luhansk/Donetsk]] * [[Muranka Airbus/Qatar]] * [[Muranka Hadalka Russia / Yukraine 2022]] * [[Waqooyi Korea Sunka]] * [[Muranka Zelenskyy/Russia]] * [[Muranka 1MBD]] * [[Muranka Casamance]] * [[Muranka Hindiya/Hijabka]] * [[Muranka Korontada USA/Mexico]] * [[Muranka Nimr al-Nimr/Iran]] * [[Muranka Koobka Aduunka Qatar]] * [[Dhibaato Lubnaan]] * [[Dhibatoka Sri Lanka]] * [[Muran Antartika]] * [[Muranka Ko Kra]] * [[Muran Jaamacada Carabta]] * [[Muran Taywan iyo Shiina]] * [[Muranka Iraan Nukliyeer]] * [[Muranka RAB - Bangladesh]] * [[Muranka Fukushima]] * [[Muranka Waqooyi Korea Gantaal]] * [[Muran badda shiinaha koonfureed]] }} 0z5mc00ssm5io2rypbwkhbxkvlbtxna 0 35018 238386 228109 2022-07-21T09:24:07Z 62.140.210.135 /* Saudi Arabia */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gulf_Cooperation_Council.svg|thumb|right|400px|]] [[File:East_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg|thumb|right|400px|]] Daadka Bari Asia - GCC Degaan ==Saudi Arabia== * {{Flag|China}} 5000+ * {{Flag|Japan}} 200+ * {{Flag|South Korea}} 200+ *{{Flag|Taiwan}} 100+ ==Kuwait== * {{Flag|China}} 3000+ * {{Flag|Japan}} 100+ * {{Flag|South Korea}} 100+ ==UAE== * {{Flag|China}} 200,000+ * {{Flag|Japan}} 200+ * {{Flag|South Korea}} 100+ ==Bahraine== * {{Flag|China}} 2000+ * {{Flag|Japan}} 100+ * {{Flag|South Korea}} 100+ ==Oman== * {{Flag|China}} 2000+ * {{Flag|Japan}} 200+ * {{Flag|South Korea}} 200+ 7n1yftxdpvaepuftxgvakgut3w83tq6 0 35593 238394 235897 2022-07-21T09:50:12Z 62.140.210.135 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Liska Dhismo - ka''' [[File:Komatsu_HM300.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] [[File:Bobcat_S650_skid_steer_loader_(15084521732).jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| * [[Babuur Qulus Komatsu HM300]] * [[Birka Dhismo]] * [[Shirkad JCB Fastrac]] * [[Burris]] * [[Shirkad - Palfinger]] * [[Dheelitirnaan Soo qaado]] * [[Xeebta Dhismo]] * [[Birka samaynta]] * [[Birka Isku dar Dagahka]] * [[TEREX Pegson]] * [[Waddo Dhismo]] * [[CASE 580N Babuur Qulus]] * [[Gaariga Culus - Qaado]] * [[Gaariga Culus - Dozer]] * [[Babuurka Culus - Dhagax Sameeye]] * [[Gaariga Culus-Backhoe loader]] * [[Dabka Dhismo]] * [[Hirka Birka]] * [[Jaamacada Carabta Dhismo Tiroka]] * [[Crane]] * [[Drill - Daloolin]] }} c51d1b0qlvy38kydf72wvfea7pz5496 238395 238394 2022-07-21T09:50:25Z 62.140.210.135 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Liska Dhismo - ka''' [[File:Komatsu_HM300.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] [[File:Bobcat_S650_skid_steer_loader_(15084521732).jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| * [[Babuur Qulus Komatsu HM300]] * [[Birka Dhismo]] * [[Shirkad JCB Fastrac]] * [[Burris]] * [[Shirkad - Palfinger]] * [[Dheelitirnaan Soo qaado]] * [[Xeebta Dhismo]] * [[Birka samaynta]] * [[TEREX Pegson]] * [[Waddo Dhismo]] * [[CASE 580N Babuur Qulus]] * [[Gaariga Culus - Qaado]] * [[Gaariga Culus - Dozer]] * [[Babuurka Culus - Dhagax Sameeye]] * [[Gaariga Culus-Backhoe loader]] * [[Dabka Dhismo]] * [[Hirka Birka]] * [[Jaamacada Carabta Dhismo Tiroka]] * [[Crane]] * [[Drill - Daloolin]] }} nh2xedj4ft4sk8xxg68scn2o0p790mn 3 36035 238365 238296 2022-07-20T17:03:02Z Axmed omaar 12542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{subst:Biography}} == Asc == Asc bro xld ka waran [[User:Yes maan|Yes maan]] ([[User talk:Yes maan|wadahadal]]) 03:42, 20 Luuliyo 2022 (UTC) Wcm. Bro. Maansha Allah fican badan. Adna. [[User:Axmed omaar|Axmed omaar]] ([[User talk:Axmed omaar|wadahadal]]) 17:03, 20 Luuliyo 2022 (UTC) 0d448xhy5ystxwk5j3efgcp46q6rqrp 0 36597 238427 238255 2022-07-21T11:42:11Z EmausBot 2224 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q2115]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{selfref|Sidoo kale eeg: [[HTML]]}} '''Luqadda Calaamadaynta La Fidi karo''' (XML-gaaban) waa luqad calaamadeyn ah sida [[HTML]] laakiin waa la bixin karaa. Waxaa abuurey daladda mareegaha caalamiga ah (W3C). XML wuxuu qeexayaa xeerarka dhismaha [[dukumeent]]iga. XML waxay ku daraa macnaha guud ee macluumaadka ku jira dukumeentiga. Ma sheegayo sida tan loo soo bandhigayo. [[File:XML.svg]] {{stub}} [[Category:Teknooloji]] fkzgpfntbi0fuepn9a9kx7sh1q1jzqw 0 36614 238367 238303 2022-07-20T19:53:20Z Yes maan 26910 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Safiina najaa''' (afka [[Carabi|carabiga]]; '''سفينة النجاة''') waa kitaab ku saabsan fiqiga shaaficiyada, gaar ahaan qeybta cibaadada, waxaa alifay [[saalim bin sumeyr al xadrami]] oo ahaa shiiq ree yaman ah [[File:Safiina najaa.jpg|thumb|karbadka kitaabka safiina najaa]] == Warbixin ku saabsan qoraaga kitaabka == Saalim bin cabdulaahi al-xadrami wuxuu ku dhashay tuulada '''dii asbax''' oo ka mid ah tuulooyinka hoos yimaada [[xadramuut]], wuxuu wax ka bartay aabihiis macalim cabdulaahi bin sacad bin sumeyr, quraanka ayuu xifdiyay qirooyinkiisa kala duwan, culuumta sharciga wuxuu ka bartay culumada [[xadramuut]] ka buuxeen sida sayid cumar bin saqaaf alsaafi, sayid cumar bin zeyn bin sumeyd, iyo kuwo kale. Culuumta ayuu fidiyay oo aqriyay xir badan ayaa ku soo hoobatay, waxaa ugu weynaa sayid xabiib cabdulaahi bin daaha al-hadaar iyo faqiih cali bin cumar baaguuza. Shiiqa shareecada ka sokoow siyaasada qeyb ayuu ku lahaa, suldaan cabdulaahi bin muxsin ayaa ka yeeshay shiiqa la taliye, markuu dhageesan waayay suldaanka taladiisa wuu xanaaqay shiiqa wuxuuna u safray [[hindiya]] kadibna [[jasiirada jaawa]], halkaas ayuu joogay ilaa uu ka dhintay 1271H\1855. wuxuu ka mid ahaa shiiqa dadka wanaagsan, xuska alla ayuu joogteen jiray quraanka aqrintiisana wuu badin jiray, waxaa la dhahaa inuu dhameen jiray quraanka asigoo ku jira dawaafka. == Sharaxyada kitaabka == * '''kaashifatu sajaa''' waxaa alifay [[muxamad nawawi jaawi]] * '''nasbul mairqaat''' waxaa alifay shiiq cabdilhaadi daalaati * '''neylu rajaa''' waxaa alifay aqoonyahanka axmad bin cumar al-shaadiri * '''gaayatul-munaa''' uu alifay maxamad bin cali bin maxamad baacadiya * '''manaaral-hudaa''' waxaa alifay maxamad bin axmad caamuu * '''kashufu dujaa''' waxaa alifay cabdirizaaq bin cabdicaziiz al-xuseyni * '''wasiilatu rajaa''' uu qoray shiiq xasan bin cumar shiiraazi * '''sulam rajaa''' waxaa qoray cusmaan maxamad saciid tankal * '''nasiimul''' '''xayaat''' uu qoray shiiq cabdalla bin ciwad bin mubaarak bukeyr == Gayiga soomaalida == == Xigasho == == sidoo kale fiiri == * [[safiina salaad]] * [[riyaad bdiic]] * [[durbahiyya]] o5m8ajvh37gyk9rlj5lamsuuyymnvyd 0 36615 238366 238301 2022-07-20T18:44:49Z Yes maan 26910 wikitext text/x-wiki kitaabka '''safiina salaad ('''afka carabiga; '''سفينة''' '''الصلاة''') waxaa qoray cabdulaahi bin cumar alxadrami, wuxuu ku saabsan yahay fiqiga shaaficiyada, si gaar ah axkaamta salaada. [[File:Safiina salaad.jpg|thumb|krbadka kitaabka safiina salaad]] == Warbixin ku saabsan qoraaga kitaabka == waa cabdulaahi bin cumar alxadrami (١٢٠٩ - ١٢٦٥ هـ = ١٧٩٤ - ١٨٤٩م) wuxuu ku dhashay tuulada musiila ee dgacda koonfurta magaalada tariim 1209H\1794, wuxuu ahaa madhabkiisa shaafici, magaalada [[xadramuut]] muftiyaasheeda muumuuqda ayuuna ku jiray, *Shiiqyaalkiisa waxaa ka mid ahaa: -Aabihiis cumar al-xadrami -abtigiis daahir bin xuseen bin daahir -Abtigiis kale cabdulaahi bin xuseen bin daahir -aqoonyahanka cabdulaahi bin abiibakar bin saalim bin ceydiid -aqoonyahanka calawi bin saqaaf bin maxamad al-saqaaf shiiqa wuxuu xajiyay 1240H kadib safaradiisa ayaa is daba kaceen wuxuu tagay [[hindiya]] [[shaam]], [[masar]] iyo [[jasiirada jaawa]], afarkiisa wuxuu isugu jiray mid wax barasho iyo faafinta diinta dad badan ayaana kusoo islaamay gacantiisa, wuxuu ku caan baxay dhulalka uu tagay faqiih aa ka labalabeen inkirida munkarka, wuxuu ku soo laabtay xadramuut 1261H ka dib kama tagin, wuxuu ku dhintay xadramuut 1265H\1849 https://majles.alukah.net/t147489/ == Sharaxyada kitaabka == *sulam munaajaat uu qoray [[maxamad nawawi jaawi]] == Gayiga soomaalida == == Xigasho == == Sidoo kale fiiri == * [[safiina najaa]] * [[riyaad badiic]] * [[durbahiyya]] 1w7lz2uuem3fbqevb4qw7qbxe0edl6g 0 36617 238364 238310 2022-07-20T16:02:13Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Askandariya''' (Afka [[Carabi]]ga; '''الإسْكَنْدَرِيَّة''') waa magaalo ku taala [[Masar]], waana caasimada labaad ee dalkaasi, waxeyna magaalo madax u tahay [[Gobolka Askandariya]]. 0u04gx8nopg7hl3t255djuujf0cinzb 238368 238364 2022-07-20T20:14:06Z Yes maan 26910 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Askandariya''' (Afka [[Carabi]]ga; '''الإسْكَنْدَرِيَّة''') waa magaalo ku taala [[Masar]], waana caasimada labaad ee dalkaasi, waxeyna magaalo madax u tahay [[Gobolka Askandariya|Gobolka Askan]] Alexandria |native_name = {{collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:84%; |title = {{resize|1.25em|{{lang|ar|الإسكندرية}}}} ([[Arabic]]) |{{Infobox |subbox=yes |bodystyle=font-size:75%;font-weight:normal; |rowclass1=mergedrow |label1=[[Standard Arabic]]: |data1={{transliteration|ar|ALA-LC|al-Iskandariyya}} |rowclass2=mergedrow |label2=[[Egyptian Arabic]]: |data2={{transliteration|arz|Eskenderiyya}} }} }} {{collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:84%; |title = {{lang|cop|ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ}}, {{lang|cop|ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ}} ([[Coptic language|Coptic]]) |{{Infobox|subbox=yes|bodystyle=font-size:75%;font-weight:normal; |rowclass1 = mergedrow|label1 = {{lang|cop|ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ}}:|data1 = {{transliteration|cop|Alexandria}} |rowclass2 = mergedrow|label2 = {{lang|cop|ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ}}:|data2 = {{transliteration|cop|Rakotī}} }} }} {{collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:84%; |title = {{lang|grc|Αλεξάνδρεια}} ([[Ancient Greek language|Greek]]) |{{Infobox|subbox=yes|bodystyle=font-size:75%;font-weight:normal; |rowclass1 = mergedrow|label1 = {{lang|grc|Αλεξάνδρεια}}:|data1 = {{transliteration|grc|Alexandria}} |rowclass2 = mergedrow|label2 = {{lang|grc|Ρακώτις}}:|data2 = {{transliteration|grc|Rhakotis}} }} }} |settlement_type = [[Metropolis]] |image_skyline = {{Photomontage |photo1a = Suez canalst-Alexandria, Egypt.jpg |photo2a = Alexandria, Egypt (26543517029).jpg |photo3a = Coast of Alexandria, A view From Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Egypt.jpg |photo3b = Stanly Bridge - Alexandria.jpg |photo4a = View of Bibliotheca Alexandrina.jpg |photo4b = El-Montazah_Palace_1.jpg |spacing = 2 |size = 280 |color = transparent |border = 0 }} 19fvo3ukv4n7f2qqx92p73vjbolc787 0 36618 238426 238319 2022-07-21T11:42:10Z EmausBot 2224 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q8209]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyrillic-italics-nonitalics.png|alt=А, Б, В, Г, Д, Е, Ё, Ж, З, И, Й, К, Л, М, Н, О, П, Р, С, Т, У, Ф, Х, Ц, Ч, Ш, Щ, Ъ, Ы, Ь, Э, Ю, Я|thumb|{{PAGENAME}}]] '''Alifbeetada Kiriiliga''' (Af-Ingiriisi: Cyrillic alphabet, Af-Ingiriisi IPA: /sɪˈrɪlɪk/) waa alifbeetada [[Slavik]]-ga hooyo. Hadda waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qoro [[Ruush]], [[Yukrayn]]ian, [[Belarusian]], [[Rusyn]], [[Bulgaariya]], [[Makedoniya]] iyo inta badan luqadaha [[Koonfurta Slavik]]. Waxaa la sameeyay Boqortooyadii Bulgaariya ee ugu horeysay qarnigii 10aad. [[Midowgii Soofiyeeti]] wuxuu sameeyay luqado badan oo aan Slavik ahayn oo ku yaal Kaukasus, Siberiya, Aasiyada Dhexe iyo waqooyiga Ruushka in lagu qoro Kiriil. =Tixraacyada= {{gumud}} [[Category:Afafka]] [[Category:Afaf]] [[Category:Luqad]] 5k89w55l2awoiyjmt0mns84dmuwurn0 0 36619 238330 2022-07-20T12:03:32Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 EnsiklopediaXylon moved page [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]] to [[Akrotiri iyo Dhekelia]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Akrotiri iyo Dhekelia]] 7a89zt0smxrre2wxbsyjp9ms7p293xw 10 36620 238331 2022-07-20T12:06:09Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 Bog cusub: {{selfref|Hababka boggan lagama turjumayn Ingiriisi ama af kale oo looma turjumayn Soomaali.}} [[Category:Templateenso]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{selfref|Hababka boggan lagama turjumayn Ingiriisi ama af kale oo looma turjumayn Soomaali.}} [[Category:Templateenso]] ikqxkcyc0ku8u2szmbsfti5pcsi94k4 0 36621 238336 2022-07-20T15:18:54Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 Bog cusub: [[Windows 8.1]] waa nooca [[Microsoft Windows]] iyo nooca labaad ee [[Windows 8.x]]. Waxaa la sii daayay Oktoobar 17, 2013, isla maalintaas sida [[Windows Server 2012 R2]]. Waa nooc cusub oo khadka Windows NT 6.x ah, maadaama ay beddeshay lambarka nooca 6.2 ilaa 6.3. Waa cusbooneysiin bilaash ah oo loogu talagalay Windows 8 kaas oo laga heli karo Dukaanka Windows. Markii Windows 10 la sii daayay, Windows 8.1 waxaa loo cusboonaysiin karaa [[Windows 10]] bilaash. File:Start81... wikitext text/x-wiki [[Windows 8.1]] waa nooca [[Microsoft Windows]] iyo nooca labaad ee [[Windows 8.x]]. Waxaa la sii daayay Oktoobar 17, 2013, isla maalintaas sida [[Windows Server 2012 R2]]. Waa nooc cusub oo khadka Windows NT 6.x ah, maadaama ay beddeshay lambarka nooca 6.2 ilaa 6.3. Waa cusbooneysiin bilaash ah oo loogu talagalay Windows 8 kaas oo laga heli karo Dukaanka Windows. Markii Windows 10 la sii daayay, Windows 8.1 waxaa loo cusboonaysiin karaa [[Windows 10]] bilaash. [[File:Start81.png]] =Tixraacyada= ---- [[Windows 8]] – [[Windows 8.1]] – [[Windows 10]] ---- [[en:{{PAGENAME}}]] {{stub}} [[Category:Teknooloji]] 7qrcd7phsjx0s1dadkronl1wp07god9 0 36622 238339 2022-07-20T15:26:34Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 EnsiklopediaXylon moved page [[Hadhramaut]] to [[Xadhramawt]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Xadhramawt]] tuzphjk04gj49mg3repbxxhcjs7k0ju 0 36623 238358 2022-07-20T15:49:03Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 EnsiklopediaXylon moved page [[Taiwanese Mandarin]] to [[Luuqadda Mandarinka Taywan]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Luuqadda Mandarinka Taywan]] 4jzev06i5nblxqrbagm2xnhy437kd4f 0 36624 238360 2022-07-20T15:56:51Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 Bog cusub: '''Gobolka Ostroda''' (Boolish: powiat ostrodzki) waa unug ka tirsan maamulka dhulalka iyo dawlada hoose (powiat) ee Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, waqooyiga [[Boland]]. Waxay soo ifbaxday [[Janaayo]] 1, 1999, taasoo ka dhalatay dib-u-habaynta dawladda hoose ee Poland oo la ansixiyay 1998. Fadhigeeda maamulka iyo magaalada ugu weyn waa Ostroda, oo 37 [[kiiloomitir]] (23 mi) galbeed ka xigta caasimadda gobolka Olsztyn. Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay saddex magaalo oo kale: Morąg... wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gobolka Ostroda''' (Boolish: powiat ostrodzki) waa unug ka tirsan maamulka dhulalka iyo dawlada hoose (powiat) ee Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, waqooyiga [[Boland]]. Waxay soo ifbaxday [[Janaayo]] 1, 1999, taasoo ka dhalatay dib-u-habaynta dawladda hoose ee Poland oo la ansixiyay 1998. Fadhigeeda maamulka iyo magaalada ugu weyn waa Ostroda, oo 37 [[kiiloomitir]] (23 mi) galbeed ka xigta caasimadda gobolka Olsztyn. Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay saddex magaalo oo kale: Morąg, 25 km (16 mi) waqooyiga Ostroda, Miłakowo, 34 km (21 mi) waqooyiga Ostroda, iyo [[Miłomłyn]], 12 km (7 mi) waqooyi-galbeed ee Ostroda. bltirpkax08sobr6i8l8acjxno4v7rp 238362 238360 2022-07-20T15:59:20Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gobolka Ostroda''' (Boolish: powiat ostrodzki) waa unug ka tirsan maamulka dhulalka iyo dawlada hoose (powiat) ee Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, waqooyiga [[Boland]]. Waxay soo ifbaxday [[Janaayo]] 1, 1999, taasoo ka dhalatay dib-u-habaynta dawladda hoose ee Poland oo la ansixiyay 1998. Fadhigeeda maamulka iyo magaalada ugu weyn waa Ostroda, oo 37 [[kiiloomitir]] (23 mi) galbeed ka xigta caasimadda gobolka Olsztyn. Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay saddex magaalo oo kale: Morąg, 25 km (16 mi) waqooyiga Ostroda, Miłakowo, 34 km (21 mi) waqooyiga Ostroda, iyo [[Miłomłyn]], 12 km (7 mi) waqooyi-galbeed ee Ostroda. {{polandcounty}} k9zfxmtpdc4men26s4gjeypvasqy35v 238363 238362 2022-07-20T16:00:43Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gobolka Ostroda''' (Boolish: powiat ostrodzki) waa unug ka tirsan maamulka dhulalka iyo dawlada hoose (powiat) ee Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, waqooyiga [[Boland]]. Waxay soo ifbaxday [[Janaayo]] 1, 1999, taasoo ka dhalatay dib-u-habaynta dawladda hoose ee Poland oo la ansixiyay 1998. Fadhigeeda maamulka iyo magaalada ugu weyn waa Ostroda, oo 37 [[kiiloomitir]] (23 mi) galbeed ka xigta caasimadda gobolka Olsztyn. Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay saddex magaalo oo kale: Morąg, 25 km (16 mi) waqooyiga Ostroda, Miłakowo, 34 km (21 mi) waqooyiga Ostroda, iyo [[Miłomłyn]], 12 km (7 mi) waqooyi-galbeed ee Ostroda. [[File:Boulevard in Ostroda.JPG|thumb|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{polandcounty}} l3call7lca0kbli6vi9x8u2amcednvr 10 36625 238361 2022-07-20T15:59:03Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 Bog cusub: <br style="clear:both"> {| id="toc" style="margin:0 auto;background:white;width:100%" align="center" cellpadding="1" |----- | rowspan="2" valign="top" width=50px| [[File:Warminsko-mazurskie herb.svg|50px]] ! style bgcolor="red" align="center" | '''[[Gobolka Warmia-Mazuria|<span style="color:white;">Gobolka Warmia-Mazuria</span>]]''' |----- | style bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="1"| '''Magaalada iskeed u madax bannaan (magaalo madaxbannaan):'''... wikitext text/x-wiki <br style="clear:both"> {| id="toc" style="margin:0 auto;background:white;width:100%" align="center" cellpadding="1" |----- | rowspan="2" valign="top" width=50px| [[File:Warminsko-mazurskie herb.svg|50px]] ! style bgcolor="red" align="center" | '''[[Gobolka Warmia-Mazuria|<span style="color:white;">Gobolka Warmia-Mazuria</span>]]''' |----- | style bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="1"| '''Magaalada iskeed u madax bannaan (magaalo madaxbannaan):''' [[Olsztyn]] | [[Elbląg]]<br> '''Powiat:''' [[Powiat Bartoszyce|Bartoszyce]] | [[Powiat Braniewo|Braniewo]] | [[Powiat Działdowo|Działdowo]] | [[Powiat Elbląg|Elbląg]] | [[Powiat Ełk|Ełk]] | [[Powiat Giżycko|Giżycko]] | [[Powiat Gołdap|Gołdap]] | [[Powiat Iława|Iława]] | [[Powiat Kętrzyn|Kętrzyn]] | [[Powiat Lidzbark|Lidzbark Warmiński]] | [[Powiat Mrągowo|Mrągowo]] | [[Powiat Nidzica|Nidzica]] | [[Powiat Nowe Miasto Lubawskie|Nowe Miasto Lubawskie]] | [[Powiat Olecko|Olecko]] | [[Powiat Olsztyn|Olsztyn]] | [[Powiat Ostróda|Ostróda]] | [[Powiat Pisz|Pisz]] | [[Powiat Szczytno|Szczytno]] | [[Powiat Węgorzewo|Węgorzewo]] |} <noinclude> [[Category:Qaabka navigasi|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 8iv4afosag3ct9eij7ict2ku3cigb2l 0 36626 238388 2022-07-21T09:30:54Z 62.140.210.135 Bog cusub: [[File:Anti-government_protest_in_Sri_Lanka_2022.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] '''Dhibatoka Sri Lanka''' '''40 Bilyan''' aiib , china , japan waddanamha kale Sri Lanka oo lagu leeyahay dayn ku dhow 40 bilyan oo doolar oo ay leedahay Aiib iyo [[Japan]] iyo Shiinaha, Sri Lanka waxay isticmaashay inta badan kaydka shisheeye 2021 waxayna soo saartay war weyn oo ku saabsan qalalaasaha kama dambeysta ah ee ka taagan Aasiya ee codbixinta ee Sri Lanka, mudaaharaadyada ayaa sidoo kale bilaa... wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anti-government_protest_in_Sri_Lanka_2022.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] '''Dhibatoka Sri Lanka''' '''40 Bilyan''' aiib , china , japan waddanamha kale Sri Lanka oo lagu leeyahay dayn ku dhow 40 bilyan oo doolar oo ay leedahay Aiib iyo [[Japan]] iyo Shiinaha, Sri Lanka waxay isticmaashay inta badan kaydka shisheeye 2021 waxayna soo saartay war weyn oo ku saabsan qalalaasaha kama dambeysta ah ee ka taagan Aasiya ee codbixinta ee Sri Lanka, mudaaharaadyada ayaa sidoo kale bilaabay mudaaharaadyo waaweyn. [[Aasiya]]. ==Sido Kale fiiri== jr9w5e5ywg08exlz404i93s8hpeuu7v 238389 238388 2022-07-21T09:31:41Z 62.140.210.135 /* Sido Kale fiiri */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anti-government_protest_in_Sri_Lanka_2022.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] '''Dhibatoka Sri Lanka''' '''40 Bilyan''' aiib , china , japan waddanamha kale Sri Lanka oo lagu leeyahay dayn ku dhow 40 bilyan oo doolar oo ay leedahay Aiib iyo [[Japan]] iyo Shiinaha, Sri Lanka waxay isticmaashay inta badan kaydka shisheeye 2021 waxayna soo saartay war weyn oo ku saabsan qalalaasaha kama dambeysta ah ee ka taagan Aasiya ee codbixinta ee Sri Lanka, mudaaharaadyada ayaa sidoo kale bilaabay mudaaharaadyo waaweyn. [[Aasiya]]. ==Sido Kale fiiri== *[[Muranka Dunida Waddanamaha]] fkhq4lc2za3dvri4lptr62aah8w12vm 0 36627 238392 2022-07-21T09:39:51Z 62.140.210.135 Bog cusub: '''Lacagta USA/Arabta''' * [[Somaliland Shillin /USA Dollar]] * [[Lacagta Djibouti /USA Dollar]] * [[Lacagta USA/UAE Dirham]] * [[Lacagta USA/Jordan Dinar]] * [[Lacagta SAR/USA Dollar]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lacagta USA/Arabta''' * [[Somaliland Shillin /USA Dollar]] * [[Lacagta Djibouti /USA Dollar]] * [[Lacagta USA/UAE Dirham]] * [[Lacagta USA/Jordan Dinar]] * [[Lacagta SAR/USA Dollar]] b5ys2oh0kjmv79l2xrqzh0ruqn1czjy 0 36628 238393 2022-07-21T09:49:06Z 62.140.210.135 Bog cusub: Dilka '''Shinzo Abe''' {{Flag|Japan}} Hogaamiyihii hore ee [[Japan]] oo lagu toogtay magaalada Nara ee u dhow osaka , hogaamiyihii hore ee aduunka oo toogtay oo ka yaabsaday aduunka , gacan ku dhiiglaha ayaa ka soo jeeda japan waa khilaaf ka dhex jira hogaanka hogaamiyihii hore oo isticmaalaya qori uu isagu sameeyay ==Warka== https://apnews.com/hub/shinzo-abe https://apnews.com/article/japan-shinzo-abe-shooting-22ec2248d92304deb9cc46b2142402d2 https://www.scmp.com/topics/shinz... wikitext text/x-wiki Dilka '''Shinzo Abe''' {{Flag|Japan}} Hogaamiyihii hore ee [[Japan]] oo lagu toogtay magaalada Nara ee u dhow osaka , hogaamiyihii hore ee aduunka oo toogtay oo ka yaabsaday aduunka , gacan ku dhiiglaha ayaa ka soo jeeda japan waa khilaaf ka dhex jira hogaanka hogaamiyihii hore oo isticmaalaya qori uu isagu sameeyay ==Warka== https://apnews.com/hub/shinzo-abe https://apnews.com/article/japan-shinzo-abe-shooting-22ec2248d92304deb9cc46b2142402d2 https://www.scmp.com/topics/shinzo-abe ==Sido Kale fiiri== [[Jabaan]] a0pi66wvfvot1hh3yyl5ocemjtvr8ti 0 36629 238396 2022-07-21T09:53:14Z 62.140.210.135 Bog cusub: '''Udurka Marburg 2022''' * Ghana dilka 0002 Cudurka Marburg ee galbeedka [[Afrika]] ayaa dilay 2 cudur halis ah oo halis u ah dadka ku nool Afrika galbeedka, kiisasku waa yar yihiin Ghana oo ah waddan galbeedka Afrika ah wikitext text/x-wiki '''Udurka Marburg 2022''' * Ghana dilka 0002 Cudurka Marburg ee galbeedka [[Afrika]] ayaa dilay 2 cudur halis ah oo halis u ah dadka ku nool Afrika galbeedka, kiisasku waa yar yihiin Ghana oo ah waddan galbeedka Afrika ah 8j91c9fxmi52673tdnjeo8flwlosi7d 238397 238396 2022-07-21T09:54:09Z 62.140.210.135 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Udurka Marburg 2022''' [[File:137488_web.jpg|thumb|right|300px|]] * Ghana dilka 0002 Cudurka Marburg ee galbeedka [[Afrika]] ayaa dilay 2 cudur halis ah oo halis u ah dadka ku nool Afrika galbeedka, kiisasku waa yar yihiin Ghana oo ah waddan galbeedka Afrika ah f4i0pg64kjxltvylrvjr35lqxt3zlwm 0 36630 238400 2022-07-21T09:59:32Z 62.140.210.135 Bog cusub: [[File:His_Excellency_President_Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] '''Hasan Sheekh Maxamuud''' {{Flag|Somalia}} wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:His_Excellency_President_Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] '''Hasan Sheekh Maxamuud''' {{Flag|Somalia}} 2guelcmqm82end98kzws9tii5p1h3mt 0 36631 238404 2022-07-21T11:22:27Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 Bog cusub: [[Maalinta Dhulka]] waa dhacdo sanadle ah [[Abriil]] 22 si loo muujiyo taageerada ilaalinta deegaanka. Markii ugu horreysay ee la qabtay 22 Abriil 1970, hadda waxaa ku jira dhacdooyin kala duwan oo caalami ah oo ay isku dubarideen ''EarthDay.org'' (Shabakadda Maalinta Dhulka ee hore)<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/earth-day-2020-climate-change-environment-bees-a8314891.html Earth Day]</ref> oo ay ku jiraan 1 [[bilyan]] oo qof oo ku nool in ka badan 193 waddan.<ref... wikitext text/x-wiki [[Maalinta Dhulka]] waa dhacdo sanadle ah [[Abriil]] 22 si loo muujiyo taageerada ilaalinta deegaanka. Markii ugu horreysay ee la qabtay 22 Abriil 1970, hadda waxaa ku jira dhacdooyin kala duwan oo caalami ah oo ay isku dubarideen ''EarthDay.org'' (Shabakadda Maalinta Dhulka ee hore)<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/earth-day-2020-climate-change-environment-bees-a8314891.html Earth Day]</ref> oo ay ku jiraan 1 [[bilyan]] oo qof oo ku nool in ka badan 193 waddan.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/earth-day-2020-climate-change-environment-bees-a8314891.html Earth Day]</ref><ref>[https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/50th-anniversary-earth-day-unites-153700569.html 50th anniversary of Earth Day]</ref> Mawduuca rasmiga ah ee 2022 waa [[Maalgelinta Meerahayaga]].<ref>[https://www.earthday.org/ EARTHDAY.ORG]</ref> [[File:Earth Day Flag.jpg|thumb|Calanka {{PAGENAME}}]] =Dhacdada xigta= *[[22]] [[Abriil]] [[2023]] =Tixraacyada= {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[en:Earth Day]] 2v9yzghnch8hzgqf3wav7ois26cmdf0 0 36632 238408 2022-07-21T11:24:21Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 EnsiklopediaXylon moved page [[Near-Earth Object Camera]] to [[NEO Surveyor]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[NEO Surveyor]] nsd2qhxpwu2rf8uhn919wk7yktsz2f9 0 36633 238413 2022-07-21T11:29:43Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 EnsiklopediaXylon moved page [[Barelang Bridge]] to [[Buundada Barelang]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Buundada Barelang]] h05377o4mho4ymj32ap627d1xtpytnt 0 36634 238420 2022-07-21T11:37:13Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 Bog cusub: <center> {| |{{Image label begin|image=Indonesia provinces blank map.svg|align=center|width={{{width|750}}}|float={{{float|none}}}}} {{Image label small|x=0.040|y=0.085|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Aceh]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.080|y=0.125|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sumatra Utara|Sumatra<br />Utara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.090|y=0.205|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sumatra Barat|Sumatra<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.150|y=0.170|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Riau]]}... wikitext text/x-wiki <center> {| |{{Image label begin|image=Indonesia provinces blank map.svg|align=center|width={{{width|750}}}|float={{{float|none}}}}} {{Image label small|x=0.040|y=0.085|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Aceh]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.080|y=0.125|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sumatra Utara|Sumatra<br />Utara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.090|y=0.205|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sumatra Barat|Sumatra<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.150|y=0.170|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Riau]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.230|y=0.140|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kepulauan Riau|Kepulauan<br />Riau]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.240|y=0.210|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kepulauan Bangka Belitung|Kepulauan<br />Bangka<br />Belitung]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.165|y=0.215|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Jambi]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.180|y=0.240|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sumatra Selatan|Sumatra<br />Selatan]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.125|y=0.270|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Bengkulu]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.180|y=0.290|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Lampung]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.205|y=0.320|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Banten]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.250|y=0.290|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|DKI<br />Jakarta]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.265|y=0.325|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Jawa Barat|Jawa<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.310|y=0.310|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Jawa Tengah|Jawa<br />Tengah]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.310|y=0.350|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|DI<br />Yogyakarta]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.375|y=0.330|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Jawa Timur|Jawa<br />Timur]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.435|y=0.355|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Bali]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.465|y=0.355|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Nusa Tenggara Barat|Nusa<br />Tenggara<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.560|y=0.360|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Nusa Tenggara Timur|Nusa<br />Tenggara<br />Timur]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.315|y=0.175|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Barat|Kalimantan<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.375|y=0.205|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Tengah|Kalimantan<br />Tengah]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.440|y=0.110|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Utara|Kalimantan<br />Utara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.440|y=0.160|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Timur|Kalimantan<br />Timur]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.415|y=0.245|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Selatan|Kalimantan<br />Selatan]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.625|y=0.135|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Utara|Sulawesi<br />Utara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.545|y=0.185|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Tengah|Sulawesi<br />Tengah]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.555|y=0.160|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Gorontalo]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.500|y=0.220|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Barat|Sulawesi<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.500|y=0.265|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Selatan|Sulawesi<br />Selatan]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.575|y=0.255|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Tenggara|Sulawesi<br />Tenggara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.720|y=0.295|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Maluku]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.680|y=0.175|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Maluku Utara|Maluku<br />Utara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.790|y=0.210|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua Barat|Papua<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.910|y=0.225|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.855|y=0.255|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua Tengah|Papua<br />Tengah]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.915|y=0.260|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua Pegunungan|Papua<br />Pegunungan]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.940|y=0.320|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua Selatan|Papua<br />Selatan]]}} {{Image label end}} |}</center><noinclude>Peta berlabel yang menunjukkan [[provinsi di Indonesia]]. [[Kategori:Templat pembagian administratif Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Templat peta|Indonesia]] </noinclude> 6tr0kk7k2qstmr88sz8akmxexyyjlic 238422 238420 2022-07-21T11:39:20Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki <center> {| |{{Image label begin|image=Indonesia provinces blank map.svg|align=center|width={{{width|750}}}|float={{{float|none}}}}} {{Image label small|x=0.040|y=0.085|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Aceh]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.080|y=0.125|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sumatra Utara|Sumatra<br />Utara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.090|y=0.205|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sumatra Barat|Sumatra<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.150|y=0.170|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Riau]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.230|y=0.140|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kepulauan Riau|Kepulauan<br />Riau]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.240|y=0.210|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kepulauan Bangka Belitung|Kepulauan<br />Bangka<br />Belitung]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.165|y=0.215|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Jambi]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.180|y=0.240|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sumatra Selatan|Sumatra<br />Selatan]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.125|y=0.270|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Bengkulu]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.180|y=0.290|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Lampung]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.205|y=0.320|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Banten]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.250|y=0.290|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|DKI<br />Jakarta]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.265|y=0.325|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Jawa Barat|Jawa<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.310|y=0.310|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Jawa Tengah|Jawa<br />Tengah]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.310|y=0.350|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|DI<br />Yogyakarta]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.375|y=0.330|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Jawa Timur|Jawa<br />Timur]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.435|y=0.355|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Bali]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.465|y=0.355|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Nusa Tenggara Barat|Nusa<br />Tenggara<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.560|y=0.360|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Nusa Tenggara Timur|Nusa<br />Tenggara<br />Timur]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.315|y=0.175|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Barat|Kalimantan<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.375|y=0.205|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Tengah|Kalimantan<br />Tengah]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.440|y=0.110|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Utara|Kalimantan<br />Utara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.440|y=0.160|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Timur|Kalimantan<br />Timur]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.415|y=0.245|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Selatan|Kalimantan<br />Selatan]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.625|y=0.135|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Utara|Sulawesi<br />Utara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.545|y=0.185|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Tengah|Sulawesi<br />Tengah]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.555|y=0.160|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Gorontalo]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.500|y=0.220|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Barat|Sulawesi<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.500|y=0.265|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Selatan|Sulawesi<br />Selatan]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.575|y=0.255|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Tenggara|Sulawesi<br />Tenggara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.720|y=0.295|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Maluku]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.680|y=0.175|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Maluku Utara|Maluku<br />Utara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.790|y=0.210|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua Barat|Papua<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.910|y=0.225|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.855|y=0.255|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua Tengah|Papua<br />Tengah]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.915|y=0.260|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua Pegunungan|Papua<br />Pegunungan]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.940|y=0.320|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua Selatan|Papua<br />Selatan]]}} {{Image label end}} |}</center><noinclude>Peta berlabel yang menunjukkan [[provinsi di Indonesia]]. </noinclude> rbs87vfy1stw7l068lb9qkabtpnocwu 238423 238422 2022-07-21T11:40:07Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki <center> {| |{{Image label begin|image=Indonesia provinces blank map.svg|align=center|width={{{width|750}}}|float={{{float|none}}}}} {{Image label small|x=0.040|y=0.085|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Aceh]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.080|y=0.125|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sumatra Utara|Sumatra<br />Utara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.090|y=0.205|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sumatra Barat|Sumatra<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.150|y=0.170|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Riau]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.230|y=0.140|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kepulauan Riau|Kepulauan<br />Riau]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.240|y=0.210|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kepulauan Bangka Belitung|Kepulauan<br />Bangka<br />Belitung]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.165|y=0.215|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Jambi]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.180|y=0.240|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sumatra Selatan|Sumatra<br />Selatan]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.125|y=0.270|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Bengkulu]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.180|y=0.290|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Lampung]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.205|y=0.320|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Banten]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.250|y=0.290|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|DKI<br />Jakarta]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.265|y=0.325|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Jawa Barat|Jawa<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.310|y=0.310|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Jawa Tengah|Jawa<br />Tengah]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.310|y=0.350|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|DI<br />Yogyakarta]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.375|y=0.330|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Jawa Timur|Jawa<br />Timur]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.435|y=0.355|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Bali]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.465|y=0.355|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Nusa Tenggara Barat|Nusa<br />Tenggara<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.560|y=0.360|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Nusa Tenggara Timur|Nusa<br />Tenggara<br />Timur]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.315|y=0.175|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Barat|Kalimantan<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.375|y=0.205|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Tengah|Kalimantan<br />Tengah]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.440|y=0.110|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Utara|Kalimantan<br />Utara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.440|y=0.160|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Timur|Kalimantan<br />Timur]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.415|y=0.245|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Selatan|Kalimantan<br />Selatan]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.625|y=0.135|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Utara|Sulawesi<br />Utara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.545|y=0.185|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Tengah|Sulawesi<br />Tengah]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.555|y=0.160|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Gorontalo]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.500|y=0.220|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Barat|Sulawesi<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.500|y=0.265|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Selatan|Sulawesi<br />Selatan]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.575|y=0.255|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Tenggara|Sulawesi<br />Tenggara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.720|y=0.295|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Maluku]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.680|y=0.175|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Maluku Utara|Maluku<br />Utara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.790|y=0.210|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua Barat|Papua<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.910|y=0.225|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.855|y=0.255|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua Tengah|Papua<br />Tengah]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.915|y=0.260|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua Pegunungan|Papua<br />Pegunungan]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.940|y=0.320|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua Selatan|Papua<br />Selatan]]}} {{Image label end}} |}</center><noinclude>Peta berlabel yang menunjukkan [[provinsi di Indonesia]]. </noinclude> [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] 7c7qnv431pdve26rsalf0eenwuqc3kg 238425 238423 2022-07-21T11:42:08Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki <center> {| |{{Image label begin|image=Indonesia provinces blank map.svg|align=center|width={{{width|750}}}|float={{{float|none}}}}} {{Image label small|x=0.040|y=0.085|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Aceh]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.080|y=0.125|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sumatra Utara|Sumatra<br />Utara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.090|y=0.205|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sumatra Barat|Sumatra<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.150|y=0.170|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Riau]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.230|y=0.140|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kepulauan Riau|Kepulauan<br />Riau]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.240|y=0.210|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kepulauan Bangka Belitung|Kepulauan<br />Bangka<br />Belitung]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.165|y=0.215|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Jambi]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.180|y=0.240|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sumatra Selatan|Sumatra<br />Selatan]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.125|y=0.270|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Bengkulu]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.180|y=0.290|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Lampung]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.205|y=0.320|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Banten]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.250|y=0.290|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|DKI<br />Jakarta]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.265|y=0.325|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Jawa Barat|Jawa<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.310|y=0.310|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Jawa Tengah|Jawa<br />Tengah]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.310|y=0.350|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta|DI<br />Yogyakarta]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.375|y=0.330|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Jawa Timur|Jawa<br />Timur]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.435|y=0.355|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Bali]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.465|y=0.355|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Nusa Tenggara Barat|Nusa<br />Tenggara<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.560|y=0.360|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Nusa Tenggara Timur|Nusa<br />Tenggara<br />Timur]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.315|y=0.175|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Barat|Kalimantan<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.375|y=0.205|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Tengah|Kalimantan<br />Tengah]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.440|y=0.110|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Utara|Kalimantan<br />Utara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.440|y=0.160|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Timur|Kalimantan<br />Timur]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.415|y=0.245|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Kalimantan Selatan|Kalimantan<br />Selatan]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.625|y=0.135|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Utara|Sulawesi<br />Utara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.545|y=0.185|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Tengah|Sulawesi<br />Tengah]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.555|y=0.160|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Gorontalo]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.500|y=0.220|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Barat|Sulawesi<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.500|y=0.265|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Selatan|Sulawesi<br />Selatan]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.575|y=0.255|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sulawesi Tenggara|Sulawesi<br />Tenggara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.720|y=0.295|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Maluku]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.680|y=0.175|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Maluku Utara|Maluku<br />Utara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.790|y=0.210|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua Barat|Papua<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.910|y=0.225|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.855|y=0.255|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua Tengah|Papua<br />Tengah]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.915|y=0.260|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua Pegunungan|Papua<br />Pegunungan]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.940|y=0.320|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Papua Selatan|Papua<br />Selatan]]}} {{Image label end}} |}</center> [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] eem3goaqfz1dn2qifxhao3r2zy6w415 238428 238425 2022-07-21T11:46:20Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki <center> {| |{{Image label begin|image=Indonesia provinces blank map.svg|align=center|width={{{width|750}}}|float={{{float|none}}}}} {{Image label small|x=0.040|y=0.085|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Aceh]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.080|y=0.125|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sumatra Utara|Sumatra<br />Utara]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.090|y=0.205|scale={{{width|750}}}|text=[[Sumatra Barat|Sumatra<br />Barat]]}} {{Image label 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