Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.26 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Gadget Gadget talk Gadget definition Gadget definition talk 0 1816 240480 239747 2022-08-27T20:46:30Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamha Deggan Abyssinia */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Itoobiya |conventional_long_name = ''Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia'' |common_name = Itoobiya |qaarada = [[Afrika]] |sawir_calan = Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg |sawir_qaran = Coat_of_arms_of_Ethiopia.svg |astaan_calan = [[Astaanta Calanka Itoobiya|Wodefit Gesgeshi, Widd Innat Ityopp'ya]] |image_map = Ethiopia in its region.svg |caasimada = [[Addis Abeba]] |luuqadaha = [[Amxaari]]<br />[[soomaali]]<br />[[Af-oromo]] <br />[[af Tigreey]] |Dawladda = &nbsp; |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweyne]] |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaare]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = [[Sahle-Work Zewde]] |magac_hogaamiye2 = [[Abiy Ahmed]], |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 637,661 |areami² = 246,201 |biyo = 7.8% |population_estimate = 102,474,625 |population_estimate_year = 2015 |lacagta = [[Birr]] |wakhti = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] |furaha_wadanka lagu galo = 251 |footnote1 = |footnote2 = }} '''Itoobiya''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|iː|θ|i|ˈ|oʊ|p|i|ə}}; {{lang-am|ኢትዮጵያ}}, ''{{transl|am|ʾĪtyōṗṗyā}}'', {{audio|Ityopya.ogg|dhageyso codka}}) sida rasmiga ah loo yaqaanno '''Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Federaalka Itoobiya''', waa wadan ku yaal [[Geeska Afrika]], waxa uuna xuduud la leeyahay wadamada [[Jabuuti]], [[Suudaan]], [[Ereteriya]], [[Soomaaliya]] iyo [[Kiinya]]. Caasimada Itoobiya waa [[Addis Abeba]]. Wakhtiga gumeysiga, dagaal badan baa udhaxeeyey dawladda Darwiish ee abaanduul guud ka ahaa [[Ismaaciil Mire]] iyo Menelik II. Itoobiya waa wadan weyn oo bad laheen, waxa uu leeyahay 4 wabi oo waaweyn kuwaas oo kala ah:- wabiga [[Niil]], [[omo]], [[Awash]], iyo [[Wabiga Shabeelle]]. Itoobiya markeeda hore waxaa la dhihi jiray (Abessinia), laakiin waxaa lagu bedelay itoobiya, oo micnaheedu yahay (mugdi ama waji gubtay). Waayadii hore madaxdii gariis iyo Roman. waxee la shaqeen jireen madaxda itoobiyaanka. == Juquraafi == [[File:Life in Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|left|Itoobiya]] [[File:Bete_Giyorgis_Lalibela_Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|193px|Waa meel kaniisad ah, waxee addis ababa u jirt 640 km. ]] [[File:Bet_Giyorgis_church_Lalibela_01.jpg|thumb|194px|Kaniidaha waaween, oo ku yaalo itoobiya]] [[File:Gonder.jpg|thumb|195Px|Boqortii itooiyaanka Gurigoodii]] [[File:Mosque_in_Harar,_Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|196|Misaajid ku yaalo, magaalada Haraar]] [[File:Selassie_restored.jpg|thumb|mid ka mid ah, boqortii itoobiya]] Itoobiya waxee ku taalaa [[Geeska afrika]], waxeena xuduud la leedahay, wadamada, [[Eratareya]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Soomaaliya]], [[Kiinya]] iyo [[Suudaan]]. Itoobiya waxaa dhaxmaro, wabiga ween ee looyaqaan [[Wabiga Niil]]. Itoobiya waxaa ka baxo Bun iyo qamadi. Eratareya sida ee uga go'day itoobiya wax xeeb ah badda kumalahan. == Jawiga == [[File:Saldanada Huwan - Huwan Sultanate.png|thumb|left|]] Itoobiya waa dhul cagaaran laakiin waqooyiga itoobiya aad ayee u kulushahay, roob badan maka dao. Xili yaasha oo roobka ka dao itoobiya waxaa ka mid ah, bisha maarso iyo abriil, oo roob aad u yar ka dao, [[juun]] ilaa [[Sebteembar]] neh, waxaa ka dao roob xoogaa ween. Waqooyiga itoobiya waa meel qaleel ah, meelo badan oo ka mid ah neh waxaa lagu magacaabay, meesha aduunka uugu kulul. Gobalka somaalidu waa gobalka 2 aad ee ugu wayn dalka ethiopia marka laga reebo gobalka oromia. Waana qowmiyada 3 aad somalidu ee ugu badan dalka ethipoa. 1 oromada. 2 Amharada. 3 Somaalida. 4 Tigrey. == shacabka == Wadanka itoobiya, . Waxaa u badan [[Oromo]] 40 % iyo [[Amxaaro]] 25 % [[Soomaaliya|Soomaalinta]] waa 20% Kuwa kale oo 6 % ah waa Tigrayga. == Luqadaha == Dadka degen wadanka Itoobiya waxee ku hadlaan luqado gaaraayo 67 ilaa 79 luqadood oo kamidtahay afka soomaaliga.!!~? Luqada ugu ween oo lagu wada hadlo waa [[Amxaari]]. == Diimaha laga caabudo == Itoobiya waxaa laga caabudaa diimo aad u badan. 45% waa krishtaan, 51% neh, waa Muslimiin. 3,2 % neh waa diimo kale, oo laga caabudo. == Kalandar == Itoobiya waxee leedahay, [[kalandar]] u gooni ah. Sanadkooda waa 13 bilood, 11 [[Sebteembar]] waa maalinta uugu horeeyso sanadka. 12 sebteembar waa maalinta labaad markii oo buleerka la riday. Kalanderka itoobiya, waxoo raacsanyahay, waqtigii oo nabi ciise, dhashtay kadib. 8 sano ee ka danbeeyaan kalanderka wadamada galbeedka. ayaga marka ee sanadkooda cusub 2003 ee soo dhaweenaayaan, wadamada galbeedka waxee u tahay 11 sebteembar [[2010.]] == Dhaqaale == Itoobiya waxee ku dadaaloosa kordhinta dhaqaaloheeda, waxeena sanadihii nasoo dhaafay noqotay wadanka kaliya ee qaarada afrika oo wax saliid ah ku xirneen oo dhaqaalohiisa kor u kacay. Dhinaca kale siyaasiinta itoobiya ma ku dadaalaan horumarinta bulshada ku nool dalka itoobiya. Wadanka itoobiya waxaa ka jirto abaar aad u badan, waana wadan beero iyo wabiyaal badan leh. Dadka ku nool itoobiya 100kiiba 80 waa reer baadiye. Marka aa fiirino gobolka soomaali galbeed kaliya, run ahaantii gobolkaan waa gobol ismaamulo, oo wax caawin ah ka helin siyaasiinta itoobiya, waxaana ka jiro dagaal. Waxaa u maleenaa dhaqaalaha gobolkaan in ee ku tiirsantahay dalka soomaaliya, sababto ah, waxyaabaha laga gado dalka soomaaliya, wee ka raqiisanyihiin kuwa itoobiyaanka. == Cafimaad == Wadanka itoobiya wuxuu ka mid yahay wadamada Afrika cudarka HIV AIDS-ka saamayn aad u weyn ku yeeshay. == Taariikh == [Geeska Africa intee dhacdaaa Itobiya Fascinating Ethiopia]. ==Xubin== * [[Midowga Afrika]] * * * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * * ==Waddamha Deggan Abyssinia== * {{Flag|Brazil}} 200+* {{Flag|Japan}} 25,000+ *{{Flag|Turkey}} 12,000+ * {{Flag|Bangladesh}} 1,200+ *'''{{Flag|Arab League}}'''125,000+.<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm</ref>. * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 25,000+ * {{Flag|Eritrea}} 11,100+ * {{Flag|Somalia}} 12,500+ * {{Flag|Djibouti}} 3,500+ * {{Flag|Great Britain}} 520+ *'''🇪🇺 Europeans''': 135,300+ <ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm</ref>. * {{Flag|United States}} 1500+;+ * {{Flag|Taiwan}} 12,000+;+;+ * {{Flag|South Africa}} 1200+ * {{Flag|Russian Federation}} 25,000 [<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/p/People%2527s_Republic_of_China.htm</ref>] * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101996126 Fascinating Ethiopia] * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/nwt/bible-glossary/#p99 Ethiopia] {{commonscat|Ethiopia|Itoobiya}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Itoobiya]] p8trpxmtaj1p8xtu4pelenhd4nqfjy2 240481 240480 2022-08-27T20:48:27Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamha Deggan Abyssinia */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Itoobiya |conventional_long_name = ''Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia'' |common_name = Itoobiya |qaarada = [[Afrika]] |sawir_calan = Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg |sawir_qaran = Coat_of_arms_of_Ethiopia.svg |astaan_calan = [[Astaanta Calanka Itoobiya|Wodefit Gesgeshi, Widd Innat Ityopp'ya]] |image_map = Ethiopia in its region.svg |caasimada = [[Addis Abeba]] |luuqadaha = [[Amxaari]]<br />[[soomaali]]<br />[[Af-oromo]] <br />[[af Tigreey]] |Dawladda = &nbsp; |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweyne]] |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaare]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = [[Sahle-Work Zewde]] |magac_hogaamiye2 = [[Abiy Ahmed]], |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 637,661 |areami² = 246,201 |biyo = 7.8% |population_estimate = 102,474,625 |population_estimate_year = 2015 |lacagta = [[Birr]] |wakhti = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] |furaha_wadanka lagu galo = 251 |footnote1 = |footnote2 = }} '''Itoobiya''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|iː|θ|i|ˈ|oʊ|p|i|ə}}; {{lang-am|ኢትዮጵያ}}, ''{{transl|am|ʾĪtyōṗṗyā}}'', {{audio|Ityopya.ogg|dhageyso codka}}) sida rasmiga ah loo yaqaanno '''Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Federaalka Itoobiya''', waa wadan ku yaal [[Geeska Afrika]], waxa uuna xuduud la leeyahay wadamada [[Jabuuti]], [[Suudaan]], [[Ereteriya]], [[Soomaaliya]] iyo [[Kiinya]]. Caasimada Itoobiya waa [[Addis Abeba]]. Wakhtiga gumeysiga, dagaal badan baa udhaxeeyey dawladda Darwiish ee abaanduul guud ka ahaa [[Ismaaciil Mire]] iyo Menelik II. Itoobiya waa wadan weyn oo bad laheen, waxa uu leeyahay 4 wabi oo waaweyn kuwaas oo kala ah:- wabiga [[Niil]], [[omo]], [[Awash]], iyo [[Wabiga Shabeelle]]. Itoobiya markeeda hore waxaa la dhihi jiray (Abessinia), laakiin waxaa lagu bedelay itoobiya, oo micnaheedu yahay (mugdi ama waji gubtay). Waayadii hore madaxdii gariis iyo Roman. waxee la shaqeen jireen madaxda itoobiyaanka. == Juquraafi == [[File:Life in Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|left|Itoobiya]] [[File:Bete_Giyorgis_Lalibela_Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|193px|Waa meel kaniisad ah, waxee addis ababa u jirt 640 km. ]] [[File:Bet_Giyorgis_church_Lalibela_01.jpg|thumb|194px|Kaniidaha waaween, oo ku yaalo itoobiya]] [[File:Gonder.jpg|thumb|195Px|Boqortii itooiyaanka Gurigoodii]] [[File:Mosque_in_Harar,_Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|196|Misaajid ku yaalo, magaalada Haraar]] [[File:Selassie_restored.jpg|thumb|mid ka mid ah, boqortii itoobiya]] Itoobiya waxee ku taalaa [[Geeska afrika]], waxeena xuduud la leedahay, wadamada, [[Eratareya]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Soomaaliya]], [[Kiinya]] iyo [[Suudaan]]. Itoobiya waxaa dhaxmaro, wabiga ween ee looyaqaan [[Wabiga Niil]]. Itoobiya waxaa ka baxo Bun iyo qamadi. Eratareya sida ee uga go'day itoobiya wax xeeb ah badda kumalahan. == Jawiga == [[File:Saldanada Huwan - Huwan Sultanate.png|thumb|left|]] Itoobiya waa dhul cagaaran laakiin waqooyiga itoobiya aad ayee u kulushahay, roob badan maka dao. Xili yaasha oo roobka ka dao itoobiya waxaa ka mid ah, bisha maarso iyo abriil, oo roob aad u yar ka dao, [[juun]] ilaa [[Sebteembar]] neh, waxaa ka dao roob xoogaa ween. Waqooyiga itoobiya waa meel qaleel ah, meelo badan oo ka mid ah neh waxaa lagu magacaabay, meesha aduunka uugu kulul. Gobalka somaalidu waa gobalka 2 aad ee ugu wayn dalka ethiopia marka laga reebo gobalka oromia. Waana qowmiyada 3 aad somalidu ee ugu badan dalka ethipoa. 1 oromada. 2 Amharada. 3 Somaalida. 4 Tigrey. == shacabka == Wadanka itoobiya, . Waxaa u badan [[Oromo]] 40 % iyo [[Amxaaro]] 25 % [[Soomaaliya|Soomaalinta]] waa 20% Kuwa kale oo 6 % ah waa Tigrayga. == Luqadaha == Dadka degen wadanka Itoobiya waxee ku hadlaan luqado gaaraayo 67 ilaa 79 luqadood oo kamidtahay afka soomaaliga.!!~? Luqada ugu ween oo lagu wada hadlo waa [[Amxaari]]. == Diimaha laga caabudo == Itoobiya waxaa laga caabudaa diimo aad u badan. 45% waa krishtaan, 51% neh, waa Muslimiin. 3,2 % neh waa diimo kale, oo laga caabudo. == Kalandar == Itoobiya waxee leedahay, [[kalandar]] u gooni ah. Sanadkooda waa 13 bilood, 11 [[Sebteembar]] waa maalinta uugu horeeyso sanadka. 12 sebteembar waa maalinta labaad markii oo buleerka la riday. Kalanderka itoobiya, waxoo raacsanyahay, waqtigii oo nabi ciise, dhashtay kadib. 8 sano ee ka danbeeyaan kalanderka wadamada galbeedka. ayaga marka ee sanadkooda cusub 2003 ee soo dhaweenaayaan, wadamada galbeedka waxee u tahay 11 sebteembar [[2010.]] == Dhaqaale == Itoobiya waxee ku dadaaloosa kordhinta dhaqaaloheeda, waxeena sanadihii nasoo dhaafay noqotay wadanka kaliya ee qaarada afrika oo wax saliid ah ku xirneen oo dhaqaalohiisa kor u kacay. Dhinaca kale siyaasiinta itoobiya ma ku dadaalaan horumarinta bulshada ku nool dalka itoobiya. Wadanka itoobiya waxaa ka jirto abaar aad u badan, waana wadan beero iyo wabiyaal badan leh. Dadka ku nool itoobiya 100kiiba 80 waa reer baadiye. Marka aa fiirino gobolka soomaali galbeed kaliya, run ahaantii gobolkaan waa gobol ismaamulo, oo wax caawin ah ka helin siyaasiinta itoobiya, waxaana ka jiro dagaal. Waxaa u maleenaa dhaqaalaha gobolkaan in ee ku tiirsantahay dalka soomaaliya, sababto ah, waxyaabaha laga gado dalka soomaaliya, wee ka raqiisanyihiin kuwa itoobiyaanka. == Cafimaad == Wadanka itoobiya wuxuu ka mid yahay wadamada Afrika cudarka HIV AIDS-ka saamayn aad u weyn ku yeeshay. == Taariikh == [Geeska Africa intee dhacdaaa Itobiya Fascinating Ethiopia]. ==Xubin== * [[Midowga Afrika]] * * * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * * ==Waddamha Deggan Abyssinia== * {{Flag|Brazil}} 200+* {{Flag|Japan}} 25,000+ *{{Flag|Turkey}} 12,000+ * {{Flag|Bangladesh}} 1,200+ *'''{{Flag|Arab League}}'''125,000+.<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm</ref>. * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 25,000+ * {{Flag|Eritrea}} 11,100+ * {{Flag|Somalia}} 12,500+ * {{Flag|Djibouti}} 3,500+ * {{Flag|Great Britain}} 520+ *'''🇪🇺 Europeans''': 135,300+ <ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm</ref>. * {{Flag|United States}} 1500+;+ * {{Flag|Taiwan}} 12,000+;+;+ * * {{Flag|Russian Federation}} 25,000 [<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/p/People%2527s_Republic_of_China.htm</ref>] * {{Flag|South Africa}} 1200+ * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101996126 Fascinating Ethiopia] * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/nwt/bible-glossary/#p99 Ethiopia] {{commonscat|Ethiopia|Itoobiya}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Itoobiya]] jcshmn4prkb4zfog5bixdhc9ccm3p5k 240488 240481 2022-08-27T23:14:57Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Taariikh */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Itoobiya |conventional_long_name = ''Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia'' |common_name = Itoobiya |qaarada = [[Afrika]] |sawir_calan = Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg |sawir_qaran = Coat_of_arms_of_Ethiopia.svg |astaan_calan = [[Astaanta Calanka Itoobiya|Wodefit Gesgeshi, Widd Innat Ityopp'ya]] |image_map = Ethiopia in its region.svg |caasimada = [[Addis Abeba]] |luuqadaha = [[Amxaari]]<br />[[soomaali]]<br />[[Af-oromo]] <br />[[af Tigreey]] |Dawladda = &nbsp; |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweyne]] |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaare]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = [[Sahle-Work Zewde]] |magac_hogaamiye2 = [[Abiy Ahmed]], |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 637,661 |areami² = 246,201 |biyo = 7.8% |population_estimate = 102,474,625 |population_estimate_year = 2015 |lacagta = [[Birr]] |wakhti = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] |furaha_wadanka lagu galo = 251 |footnote1 = |footnote2 = }} '''Itoobiya''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|iː|θ|i|ˈ|oʊ|p|i|ə}}; {{lang-am|ኢትዮጵያ}}, ''{{transl|am|ʾĪtyōṗṗyā}}'', {{audio|Ityopya.ogg|dhageyso codka}}) sida rasmiga ah loo yaqaanno '''Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Federaalka Itoobiya''', waa wadan ku yaal [[Geeska Afrika]], waxa uuna xuduud la leeyahay wadamada [[Jabuuti]], [[Suudaan]], [[Ereteriya]], [[Soomaaliya]] iyo [[Kiinya]]. Caasimada Itoobiya waa [[Addis Abeba]]. Wakhtiga gumeysiga, dagaal badan baa udhaxeeyey dawladda Darwiish ee abaanduul guud ka ahaa [[Ismaaciil Mire]] iyo Menelik II. Itoobiya waa wadan weyn oo bad laheen, waxa uu leeyahay 4 wabi oo waaweyn kuwaas oo kala ah:- wabiga [[Niil]], [[omo]], [[Awash]], iyo [[Wabiga Shabeelle]]. Itoobiya markeeda hore waxaa la dhihi jiray (Abessinia), laakiin waxaa lagu bedelay itoobiya, oo micnaheedu yahay (mugdi ama waji gubtay). Waayadii hore madaxdii gariis iyo Roman. waxee la shaqeen jireen madaxda itoobiyaanka. == Juquraafi == [[File:Life in Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|left|Itoobiya]] [[File:Bete_Giyorgis_Lalibela_Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|193px|Waa meel kaniisad ah, waxee addis ababa u jirt 640 km. ]] [[File:Bet_Giyorgis_church_Lalibela_01.jpg|thumb|194px|Kaniidaha waaween, oo ku yaalo itoobiya]] [[File:Gonder.jpg|thumb|195Px|Boqortii itooiyaanka Gurigoodii]] [[File:Mosque_in_Harar,_Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|196|Misaajid ku yaalo, magaalada Haraar]] [[File:Selassie_restored.jpg|thumb|mid ka mid ah, boqortii itoobiya]] Itoobiya waxee ku taalaa [[Geeska afrika]], waxeena xuduud la leedahay, wadamada, [[Eratareya]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Soomaaliya]], [[Kiinya]] iyo [[Suudaan]]. Itoobiya waxaa dhaxmaro, wabiga ween ee looyaqaan [[Wabiga Niil]]. Itoobiya waxaa ka baxo Bun iyo qamadi. Eratareya sida ee uga go'day itoobiya wax xeeb ah badda kumalahan. == Jawiga == [[File:Saldanada Huwan - Huwan Sultanate.png|thumb|left|]] Itoobiya waa dhul cagaaran laakiin waqooyiga itoobiya aad ayee u kulushahay, roob badan maka dao. Xili yaasha oo roobka ka dao itoobiya waxaa ka mid ah, bisha maarso iyo abriil, oo roob aad u yar ka dao, [[juun]] ilaa [[Sebteembar]] neh, waxaa ka dao roob xoogaa ween. Waqooyiga itoobiya waa meel qaleel ah, meelo badan oo ka mid ah neh waxaa lagu magacaabay, meesha aduunka uugu kulul. Gobalka somaalidu waa gobalka 2 aad ee ugu wayn dalka ethiopia marka laga reebo gobalka oromia. Waana qowmiyada 3 aad somalidu ee ugu badan dalka ethipoa. 1 oromada. 2 Amharada. 3 Somaalida. 4 Tigrey. == shacabka == Wadanka itoobiya, . Waxaa u badan [[Oromo]] 40 % iyo [[Amxaaro]] 25 % [[Soomaaliya|Soomaalinta]] waa 20% Kuwa kale oo 6 % ah waa Tigrayga. == Luqadaha == Dadka degen wadanka Itoobiya waxee ku hadlaan luqado gaaraayo 67 ilaa 79 luqadood oo kamidtahay afka soomaaliga.!!~? Luqada ugu ween oo lagu wada hadlo waa [[Amxaari]]. == Diimaha laga caabudo == Itoobiya waxaa laga caabudaa diimo aad u badan. 45% waa krishtaan, 51% neh, waa Muslimiin. 3,2 % neh waa diimo kale, oo laga caabudo. == Kalandar == Itoobiya waxee leedahay, [[kalandar]] u gooni ah. Sanadkooda waa 13 bilood, 11 [[Sebteembar]] waa maalinta uugu horeeyso sanadka. 12 sebteembar waa maalinta labaad markii oo buleerka la riday. Kalanderka itoobiya, waxoo raacsanyahay, waqtigii oo nabi ciise, dhashtay kadib. 8 sano ee ka danbeeyaan kalanderka wadamada galbeedka. ayaga marka ee sanadkooda cusub 2003 ee soo dhaweenaayaan, wadamada galbeedka waxee u tahay 11 sebteembar [[2010.]] == Dhaqaale == Itoobiya waxee ku dadaaloosa kordhinta dhaqaaloheeda, waxeena sanadihii nasoo dhaafay noqotay wadanka kaliya ee qaarada afrika oo wax saliid ah ku xirneen oo dhaqaalohiisa kor u kacay. Dhinaca kale siyaasiinta itoobiya ma ku dadaalaan horumarinta bulshada ku nool dalka itoobiya. Wadanka itoobiya waxaa ka jirto abaar aad u badan, waana wadan beero iyo wabiyaal badan leh. Dadka ku nool itoobiya 100kiiba 80 waa reer baadiye. Marka aa fiirino gobolka soomaali galbeed kaliya, run ahaantii gobolkaan waa gobol ismaamulo, oo wax caawin ah ka helin siyaasiinta itoobiya, waxaana ka jiro dagaal. Waxaa u maleenaa dhaqaalaha gobolkaan in ee ku tiirsantahay dalka soomaaliya, sababto ah, waxyaabaha laga gado dalka soomaaliya, wee ka raqiisanyihiin kuwa itoobiyaanka. == Cafimaad == Wadanka itoobiya wuxuu ka mid yahay wadamada Afrika cudarka HIV AIDS-ka saamayn aad u weyn ku yeeshay. == Taariikh == [[Geeska Africa intee dhacdaaa Itobiya Fascinating Ethiopia]]. ==Xubin== * [[Midowga Afrika]] * * * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * * ==Waddamha Deggan Abyssinia== * {{Flag|Brazil}} 200+* {{Flag|Japan}} 25,000+ *{{Flag|Turkey}} 12,000+ * {{Flag|Bangladesh}} 1,200+ *'''{{Flag|Arab League}}'''125,000+.<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm</ref>. * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 25,000+ * {{Flag|Eritrea}} 11,100+ * {{Flag|Somalia}} 12,500+ * {{Flag|Djibouti}} 3,500+ * {{Flag|Great Britain}} 520+ *'''🇪🇺 Europeans''': 135,300+ <ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm</ref>. * {{Flag|United States}} 1500+;+ * {{Flag|Taiwan}} 12,000+;+;+ * * {{Flag|Russian Federation}} 25,000 [<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/p/People%2527s_Republic_of_China.htm</ref>] * {{Flag|South Africa}} 1200+ * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101996126 Fascinating Ethiopia] * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/nwt/bible-glossary/#p99 Ethiopia] {{commonscat|Ethiopia|Itoobiya}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Itoobiya]] 9wa8ckogwstjawfu0xcj0gu4fm2u55p 240489 240488 2022-08-27T23:15:30Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Xubin */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Itoobiya |conventional_long_name = ''Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia'' |common_name = Itoobiya |qaarada = [[Afrika]] |sawir_calan = Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg |sawir_qaran = Coat_of_arms_of_Ethiopia.svg |astaan_calan = [[Astaanta Calanka Itoobiya|Wodefit Gesgeshi, Widd Innat Ityopp'ya]] |image_map = Ethiopia in its region.svg |caasimada = [[Addis Abeba]] |luuqadaha = [[Amxaari]]<br />[[soomaali]]<br />[[Af-oromo]] <br />[[af Tigreey]] |Dawladda = &nbsp; |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweyne]] |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaare]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = [[Sahle-Work Zewde]] |magac_hogaamiye2 = [[Abiy Ahmed]], |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 637,661 |areami² = 246,201 |biyo = 7.8% |population_estimate = 102,474,625 |population_estimate_year = 2015 |lacagta = [[Birr]] |wakhti = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] |furaha_wadanka lagu galo = 251 |footnote1 = |footnote2 = }} '''Itoobiya''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|iː|θ|i|ˈ|oʊ|p|i|ə}}; {{lang-am|ኢትዮጵያ}}, ''{{transl|am|ʾĪtyōṗṗyā}}'', {{audio|Ityopya.ogg|dhageyso codka}}) sida rasmiga ah loo yaqaanno '''Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Federaalka Itoobiya''', waa wadan ku yaal [[Geeska Afrika]], waxa uuna xuduud la leeyahay wadamada [[Jabuuti]], [[Suudaan]], [[Ereteriya]], [[Soomaaliya]] iyo [[Kiinya]]. Caasimada Itoobiya waa [[Addis Abeba]]. Wakhtiga gumeysiga, dagaal badan baa udhaxeeyey dawladda Darwiish ee abaanduul guud ka ahaa [[Ismaaciil Mire]] iyo Menelik II. Itoobiya waa wadan weyn oo bad laheen, waxa uu leeyahay 4 wabi oo waaweyn kuwaas oo kala ah:- wabiga [[Niil]], [[omo]], [[Awash]], iyo [[Wabiga Shabeelle]]. Itoobiya markeeda hore waxaa la dhihi jiray (Abessinia), laakiin waxaa lagu bedelay itoobiya, oo micnaheedu yahay (mugdi ama waji gubtay). Waayadii hore madaxdii gariis iyo Roman. waxee la shaqeen jireen madaxda itoobiyaanka. == Juquraafi == [[File:Life in Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|left|Itoobiya]] [[File:Bete_Giyorgis_Lalibela_Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|193px|Waa meel kaniisad ah, waxee addis ababa u jirt 640 km. ]] [[File:Bet_Giyorgis_church_Lalibela_01.jpg|thumb|194px|Kaniidaha waaween, oo ku yaalo itoobiya]] [[File:Gonder.jpg|thumb|195Px|Boqortii itooiyaanka Gurigoodii]] [[File:Mosque_in_Harar,_Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|196|Misaajid ku yaalo, magaalada Haraar]] [[File:Selassie_restored.jpg|thumb|mid ka mid ah, boqortii itoobiya]] Itoobiya waxee ku taalaa [[Geeska afrika]], waxeena xuduud la leedahay, wadamada, [[Eratareya]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Soomaaliya]], [[Kiinya]] iyo [[Suudaan]]. Itoobiya waxaa dhaxmaro, wabiga ween ee looyaqaan [[Wabiga Niil]]. Itoobiya waxaa ka baxo Bun iyo qamadi. Eratareya sida ee uga go'day itoobiya wax xeeb ah badda kumalahan. == Jawiga == [[File:Saldanada Huwan - Huwan Sultanate.png|thumb|left|]] Itoobiya waa dhul cagaaran laakiin waqooyiga itoobiya aad ayee u kulushahay, roob badan maka dao. Xili yaasha oo roobka ka dao itoobiya waxaa ka mid ah, bisha maarso iyo abriil, oo roob aad u yar ka dao, [[juun]] ilaa [[Sebteembar]] neh, waxaa ka dao roob xoogaa ween. Waqooyiga itoobiya waa meel qaleel ah, meelo badan oo ka mid ah neh waxaa lagu magacaabay, meesha aduunka uugu kulul. Gobalka somaalidu waa gobalka 2 aad ee ugu wayn dalka ethiopia marka laga reebo gobalka oromia. Waana qowmiyada 3 aad somalidu ee ugu badan dalka ethipoa. 1 oromada. 2 Amharada. 3 Somaalida. 4 Tigrey. == shacabka == Wadanka itoobiya, . Waxaa u badan [[Oromo]] 40 % iyo [[Amxaaro]] 25 % [[Soomaaliya|Soomaalinta]] waa 20% Kuwa kale oo 6 % ah waa Tigrayga. == Luqadaha == Dadka degen wadanka Itoobiya waxee ku hadlaan luqado gaaraayo 67 ilaa 79 luqadood oo kamidtahay afka soomaaliga.!!~? Luqada ugu ween oo lagu wada hadlo waa [[Amxaari]]. == Diimaha laga caabudo == Itoobiya waxaa laga caabudaa diimo aad u badan. 45% waa krishtaan, 51% neh, waa Muslimiin. 3,2 % neh waa diimo kale, oo laga caabudo. == Kalandar == Itoobiya waxee leedahay, [[kalandar]] u gooni ah. Sanadkooda waa 13 bilood, 11 [[Sebteembar]] waa maalinta uugu horeeyso sanadka. 12 sebteembar waa maalinta labaad markii oo buleerka la riday. Kalanderka itoobiya, waxoo raacsanyahay, waqtigii oo nabi ciise, dhashtay kadib. 8 sano ee ka danbeeyaan kalanderka wadamada galbeedka. ayaga marka ee sanadkooda cusub 2003 ee soo dhaweenaayaan, wadamada galbeedka waxee u tahay 11 sebteembar [[2010.]] == Dhaqaale == Itoobiya waxee ku dadaaloosa kordhinta dhaqaaloheeda, waxeena sanadihii nasoo dhaafay noqotay wadanka kaliya ee qaarada afrika oo wax saliid ah ku xirneen oo dhaqaalohiisa kor u kacay. Dhinaca kale siyaasiinta itoobiya ma ku dadaalaan horumarinta bulshada ku nool dalka itoobiya. Wadanka itoobiya waxaa ka jirto abaar aad u badan, waana wadan beero iyo wabiyaal badan leh. Dadka ku nool itoobiya 100kiiba 80 waa reer baadiye. Marka aa fiirino gobolka soomaali galbeed kaliya, run ahaantii gobolkaan waa gobol ismaamulo, oo wax caawin ah ka helin siyaasiinta itoobiya, waxaana ka jiro dagaal. Waxaa u maleenaa dhaqaalaha gobolkaan in ee ku tiirsantahay dalka soomaaliya, sababto ah, waxyaabaha laga gado dalka soomaaliya, wee ka raqiisanyihiin kuwa itoobiyaanka. == Cafimaad == Wadanka itoobiya wuxuu ka mid yahay wadamada Afrika cudarka HIV AIDS-ka saamayn aad u weyn ku yeeshay. == Taariikh == [[Geeska Africa intee dhacdaaa Itobiya Fascinating Ethiopia]]. ==Xubin== * [[Midowga Afrika]] * *` * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * *` ==Waddamha Deggan Abyssinia== * {{Flag|Brazil}} 200+* {{Flag|Japan}} 25,000+ *{{Flag|Turkey}} 12,000+ * {{Flag|Bangladesh}} 1,200+ *'''{{Flag|Arab League}}'''125,000+.<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm</ref>. * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 25,000+ * {{Flag|Eritrea}} 11,100+ * {{Flag|Somalia}} 12,500+ * {{Flag|Djibouti}} 3,500+ * {{Flag|Great Britain}} 520+ *'''🇪🇺 Europeans''': 135,300+ <ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm</ref>. * {{Flag|United States}} 1500+;+ * {{Flag|Taiwan}} 12,000+;+;+ * * {{Flag|Russian Federation}} 25,000 [<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/p/People%2527s_Republic_of_China.htm</ref>] * {{Flag|South Africa}} 1200+ * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101996126 Fascinating Ethiopia] * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/nwt/bible-glossary/#p99 Ethiopia] {{commonscat|Ethiopia|Itoobiya}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Itoobiya]] 3pbarlc8a9du6u2ffuox4z3n12sclwt 240490 240489 2022-08-27T23:19:12Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamha Deggan Abyssinia */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Itoobiya |conventional_long_name = ''Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia'' |common_name = Itoobiya |qaarada = [[Afrika]] |sawir_calan = Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg |sawir_qaran = Coat_of_arms_of_Ethiopia.svg |astaan_calan = [[Astaanta Calanka Itoobiya|Wodefit Gesgeshi, Widd Innat Ityopp'ya]] |image_map = Ethiopia in its region.svg |caasimada = [[Addis Abeba]] |luuqadaha = [[Amxaari]]<br />[[soomaali]]<br />[[Af-oromo]] <br />[[af Tigreey]] |Dawladda = &nbsp; |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweyne]] |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaare]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = [[Sahle-Work Zewde]] |magac_hogaamiye2 = [[Abiy Ahmed]], |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 637,661 |areami² = 246,201 |biyo = 7.8% |population_estimate = 102,474,625 |population_estimate_year = 2015 |lacagta = [[Birr]] |wakhti = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] |furaha_wadanka lagu galo = 251 |footnote1 = |footnote2 = }} '''Itoobiya''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|iː|θ|i|ˈ|oʊ|p|i|ə}}; {{lang-am|ኢትዮጵያ}}, ''{{transl|am|ʾĪtyōṗṗyā}}'', {{audio|Ityopya.ogg|dhageyso codka}}) sida rasmiga ah loo yaqaanno '''Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Federaalka Itoobiya''', waa wadan ku yaal [[Geeska Afrika]], waxa uuna xuduud la leeyahay wadamada [[Jabuuti]], [[Suudaan]], [[Ereteriya]], [[Soomaaliya]] iyo [[Kiinya]]. Caasimada Itoobiya waa [[Addis Abeba]]. Wakhtiga gumeysiga, dagaal badan baa udhaxeeyey dawladda Darwiish ee abaanduul guud ka ahaa [[Ismaaciil Mire]] iyo Menelik II. Itoobiya waa wadan weyn oo bad laheen, waxa uu leeyahay 4 wabi oo waaweyn kuwaas oo kala ah:- wabiga [[Niil]], [[omo]], [[Awash]], iyo [[Wabiga Shabeelle]]. Itoobiya markeeda hore waxaa la dhihi jiray (Abessinia), laakiin waxaa lagu bedelay itoobiya, oo micnaheedu yahay (mugdi ama waji gubtay). Waayadii hore madaxdii gariis iyo Roman. waxee la shaqeen jireen madaxda itoobiyaanka. == Juquraafi == [[File:Life in Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|left|Itoobiya]] [[File:Bete_Giyorgis_Lalibela_Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|193px|Waa meel kaniisad ah, waxee addis ababa u jirt 640 km. ]] [[File:Bet_Giyorgis_church_Lalibela_01.jpg|thumb|194px|Kaniidaha waaween, oo ku yaalo itoobiya]] [[File:Gonder.jpg|thumb|195Px|Boqortii itooiyaanka Gurigoodii]] [[File:Mosque_in_Harar,_Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|196|Misaajid ku yaalo, magaalada Haraar]] [[File:Selassie_restored.jpg|thumb|mid ka mid ah, boqortii itoobiya]] Itoobiya waxee ku taalaa [[Geeska afrika]], waxeena xuduud la leedahay, wadamada, [[Eratareya]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Soomaaliya]], [[Kiinya]] iyo [[Suudaan]]. Itoobiya waxaa dhaxmaro, wabiga ween ee looyaqaan [[Wabiga Niil]]. Itoobiya waxaa ka baxo Bun iyo qamadi. Eratareya sida ee uga go'day itoobiya wax xeeb ah badda kumalahan. == Jawiga == [[File:Saldanada Huwan - Huwan Sultanate.png|thumb|left|]] Itoobiya waa dhul cagaaran laakiin waqooyiga itoobiya aad ayee u kulushahay, roob badan maka dao. Xili yaasha oo roobka ka dao itoobiya waxaa ka mid ah, bisha maarso iyo abriil, oo roob aad u yar ka dao, [[juun]] ilaa [[Sebteembar]] neh, waxaa ka dao roob xoogaa ween. Waqooyiga itoobiya waa meel qaleel ah, meelo badan oo ka mid ah neh waxaa lagu magacaabay, meesha aduunka uugu kulul. Gobalka somaalidu waa gobalka 2 aad ee ugu wayn dalka ethiopia marka laga reebo gobalka oromia. Waana qowmiyada 3 aad somalidu ee ugu badan dalka ethipoa. 1 oromada. 2 Amharada. 3 Somaalida. 4 Tigrey. == shacabka == Wadanka itoobiya, . Waxaa u badan [[Oromo]] 40 % iyo [[Amxaaro]] 25 % [[Soomaaliya|Soomaalinta]] waa 20% Kuwa kale oo 6 % ah waa Tigrayga. == Luqadaha == Dadka degen wadanka Itoobiya waxee ku hadlaan luqado gaaraayo 67 ilaa 79 luqadood oo kamidtahay afka soomaaliga.!!~? Luqada ugu ween oo lagu wada hadlo waa [[Amxaari]]. == Diimaha laga caabudo == Itoobiya waxaa laga caabudaa diimo aad u badan. 45% waa krishtaan, 51% neh, waa Muslimiin. 3,2 % neh waa diimo kale, oo laga caabudo. == Kalandar == Itoobiya waxee leedahay, [[kalandar]] u gooni ah. Sanadkooda waa 13 bilood, 11 [[Sebteembar]] waa maalinta uugu horeeyso sanadka. 12 sebteembar waa maalinta labaad markii oo buleerka la riday. Kalanderka itoobiya, waxoo raacsanyahay, waqtigii oo nabi ciise, dhashtay kadib. 8 sano ee ka danbeeyaan kalanderka wadamada galbeedka. ayaga marka ee sanadkooda cusub 2003 ee soo dhaweenaayaan, wadamada galbeedka waxee u tahay 11 sebteembar [[2010.]] == Dhaqaale == Itoobiya waxee ku dadaaloosa kordhinta dhaqaaloheeda, waxeena sanadihii nasoo dhaafay noqotay wadanka kaliya ee qaarada afrika oo wax saliid ah ku xirneen oo dhaqaalohiisa kor u kacay. Dhinaca kale siyaasiinta itoobiya ma ku dadaalaan horumarinta bulshada ku nool dalka itoobiya. Wadanka itoobiya waxaa ka jirto abaar aad u badan, waana wadan beero iyo wabiyaal badan leh. Dadka ku nool itoobiya 100kiiba 80 waa reer baadiye. Marka aa fiirino gobolka soomaali galbeed kaliya, run ahaantii gobolkaan waa gobol ismaamulo, oo wax caawin ah ka helin siyaasiinta itoobiya, waxaana ka jiro dagaal. Waxaa u maleenaa dhaqaalaha gobolkaan in ee ku tiirsantahay dalka soomaaliya, sababto ah, waxyaabaha laga gado dalka soomaaliya, wee ka raqiisanyihiin kuwa itoobiyaanka. == Cafimaad == Wadanka itoobiya wuxuu ka mid yahay wadamada Afrika cudarka HIV AIDS-ka saamayn aad u weyn ku yeeshay. == Taariikh == [[Geeska Africa intee dhacdaaa Itobiya Fascinating Ethiopia]]. ==Xubin== * [[Midowga Afrika]] * *` * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * *` ==Waddamha Deggan Abyssinia== * {{Flag|Brazil}} 200+* {{Flag|Japan}} 25,000+ * {{Flag|Indonesia}} 25,000++ * {{Flag|Bangladesh}} 1,200+ *'''{{Flag|Arab League}}'''125,000+.<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm</ref>. * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 25,000+ * {{Flag|Eritrea}} 11,100+ * {{Flag|Somalia}} 12,500+ * {{Flag|Djibouti}} 3,500+ * {{Flag|Great Britain}} 520+ *'''🇪🇺 Europeans''': 135,300+ <ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm</ref>. * {{Flag|United States}} 1500+;+ * {{Flag|Taiwan}} 1,200+;+;+ * * {{Flag|Turkey}} 12,000+ + [<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/p/People%2527s_Republic_of_China.htm</ref>] * {{Flag|South Africa}} 1200+ * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101996126 Fascinating Ethiopia] * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/nwt/bible-glossary/#p99 Ethiopia] {{commonscat|Ethiopia|Itoobiya}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Itoobiya]] n37citvodo6r6bd2sz2c9gk8pvtaids 0 2113 240491 240410 2022-08-27T23:22:53Z Mwasoge 29030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jabaan<Br/>''日本国'' |conventional_long_name = ''Nibon-koku'' |common_name = Jabaan |qaaradda = [[Aasiya]] |sawir_calan = Flag of Japan.svg |sawir_qaran = Imperial Seal of Japan.svg |image_map = Japan(orthographic projection)-Blue version.svg |astaan_calan = [[Kimigayo 君が代]] |image_map = Japan-location-cia.gif |caasimadda = [[Tokyo]] |luuqadaha = [[Af-Jabaniis, iyo luqado kale oo la tiri karin]] |caasimada = [[Tokyo]] |Dawladda = &nbsp; |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Emberor]] |Madaxweyne]] |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaare]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = [[Naruhito]] |magac_hogaamiye2 = [[Fumio Kishida]] |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = | GDP_PPP_year = 2017 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $30,998<ref name="">IMF database 2017</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $4.998 trillion<ref name="">IMF database 2018</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2017 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $30,998<ref name="">IMF database 2019</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |area = 377,944 km2 |areami² = 145,925 |biyo = 0.8 |population_estimate = 127,380,000² |population_estimate_year = 2010 |lacagta = [[Yen]] |wakhti = (UTC+9) |furaha_debedda = 81 |footnote1 = }} [[File:Cartedujapon.png|right|394px|thumb|Carte du Japon]]<BR/>[[File:The Diet.jpg|thumb|right|395px| Japan Parliament.!!]]<Br/>[[File:Toyota carlogo.svg|thumb|right|392px|]]<Br/>[[File:Toshiba logo.svg|thumb|right|393px|]].!!` '''Jabaan''' ([[Af-Jabaaniis]]:日本: Nihon ama Nibon magaceeda oo dhameestiran:日本国 :Nibon-koku ama Nihon-koku, waa wadan jasiirado ka sameesan, oo ku yaalo [[Badweynta Baasifik]] ee qaarada [[Aasiya]]. Wadankaan waxoo daris la yahay [[Badda Jabaan]], [[Shiinaha]], [[Koonfur Kuuriya]], [[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]] iyo [[Ruushka]] Dadka tiriskii laga qaaday jabaan 1920kii, waxee eheed 56 miliyan oo qoys, sanadka marka oo ahaa 2017 neh waxaa degenaa 126,960,000 oo qoys. [[File:Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg|thumb|right|396px|[[国会議事堂|"National Diet Building"]]]] [[File:Viewed from the Nakanoshima Festival Tower in 201510 002.JPG|397px|thumb| Ville d'OSOKA]]<Br/>[[File:Canon wordmark.svg|thumb|left|199px|]] [[File:Nissan.jpg|thumb|right|398px|Lo sièti sociau de Nissan a Tòquio]] [[File:Satellite View of Japan 1999.jpg|194px|left|thumb|[[Japanese archipelago]]As seen from Satellites.]]. [[File:Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group.svg|thumb|right|395px]]<BR/>[[file:Japan Exchange Group logo.svg|thumb|right|196px|Bourse Japonaise.!!]]<Br/>[[File:Honda.svg|thumb|right|197px|]]<Br/>[[File:Sony logo.svg|thumb|right|198px|]] Jabaan waxee ka koobantahay 6,852 jasiiradoo, affarta ugu waa weyn oo boqolkiiba todobaatan daboolo dhulka jabaan waa [[Honshu]], [[Hokkaido]], [[Kyushu]] iyo [[Shikoku]]. Jabaaniiska waxee iskuugu wacaan (Nihon), luqadooda neh waxee dhahaan (Nihongo). Magaca Nibon micnaheeda waa jabaan laakiin waxee u adeegsadaan, lacagaha, bashqadaha iyo cayaaraha caalamka iyo wax la mid ah.Jabaan waxaa loo micneeyaa wadanka qoraxda ka soo baxdo, 日 (qorax) 本 (soo bax), markii hore jabaan waxaa loogu yeeri jiray magacyo badan, gaar ahaan wadanka ee taariikhda isla leeyihiin ee Shiinaha, waxee jabaan ugu yeeri jireen (yamato 大和). Erayga qorax ka soo baxa waxoo asal ahaan ka imaaday shiinaha, sababtoo ah jabaan waxee ka xigtaa dhinaca bariga markii la fiiriyo qaarad aasiya. Ereyga Japan ee Japan waa 日本, oo lagu magacaabo Nihon ama Nippon iyo macno ahaan waxa loola jeedaa "asalka qorraxda". Nichi dabeecadda (CH) macnaheedu waa "qorax" ama "maalin"; saldhigga macnihiisu waa "saldhig" ama "asal". [23] Sidaas daraadeed macneheedu waa "asalka qorraxda" waana ilaha caanka ah ee reer galbeedka caanka ah "Land of the Sun Rising=LAND OF THE SUN RISING".!!` [[File:Shibuya night.jpg|thumb|left|193px|Las carrèras japonesas que son sovent conhidas de monde: ací au quartièr de ''[[Shibuya]]'' a [[Tōkyō]]]][[File:2010Election at Higashi-Osaka.jpg|thumb|left|194px|Un burèu de vòte dens la prefectura d{{'}}Ōsaka]] [[File:Nissan Motor Corporation 2020 logo.svg|thumb|right|196px|]]<BR/>[[File:Meiji tenno1.jpg|thumb|right|197px|[[Emperor Meiji]](1868–1912) Imperial Ruler [[Meiji Restoration|restored]]<BR/>[[Tokugawa shogunate]]]][[File:Flag of Sapporo, Hokkaido.svg|thumb|right|197px|]]<BR/>[[File:Katsuya-Roppongi.jpg|thumb|right|197px|]]<Br/>[[File:Panasonic logo.svg|thumb|right|198px| 69％ 日本企業.!!?`]]<Br/>[[File:Nintendo.svg|thumb|left|121px|]] Rikoodhkii ugu horreeyay ee magaca Nihon wuxuu ka muuqdaa taariikhda Shiinaha ee taariikhda ah ee hannaanka Tang, Book of Old Tang. Dhamaadkii qarnigii toddobaad, wafdi ka yimid Japan ayaa codsaday in Nihon loo isticmaalo magaca dalkooda. Magacani waxaa laga yaabaa in uu asal ahaan ka soo jeedo warqad loo diray 607 waxaana lagu diiwaan geliyay taariikhda rasmiga ah ee Suudiiste. Prince Shōtoku, Regent of Japan, ayaa u diray ergeyga Shiinaha warqad kaas oo uu ugu yeeray "Boqortooyada Dhulka ee Qorraxdu kacdo" (日 出处 天子). Farriinta ayaa yiri: "Halkan, waxaan ahay, Boqortooyada waddanka qorraxdu soo baxdo, u dir warqad si aad u aragto Boqortooyada dalka ee qorraxdu u eg tahay.!!!!!`Byyye.!!` Qalinkii: Fadxi Garaad Jesus Greenford.!!` ==Xubin== * [[AIIB]] * * [[IORA]] * * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * *` * [[Kooxda Labaatanka]] * *` * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * * `[<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/u/United_Nations.htm</ref>]. ==Waddanamha Deggan Jabaan== As of 2017 June, 2,086,603 of foreign residents live in Japan. More than half of them are Chinese and Korean. Figure : Population of Foreign Residents in Japan by Nationality.<ref>https://nbakki.hatenablog.com/entry/Population_Foreign_People_Japan</ref>. ==Waddamada Deggan Jabaan== * {{Flag|Indonesia}} 123,000+ * {{Flag|Japan}} 126,167,000+ [<ref>https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%96%E4%BA%BA</ref>]. * {{Flag|South Korea}} 58,000+;+. * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 124,000+ * {{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} 521,000+[<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm</ref>]. * {{Flag|Great Britain}} 21,000+ * 🇪🇺'''Europeans''': 185,00++[<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm</ref>]. * {{Flag|United States}} 59,000+[<Ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/d/Democracy.htm</ref>]. * {{Flag|Vietnam}} 98,000+ * {{Flag|China}} PR;CHINA: 950,000+;+;+;+;+[<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/p/People%2527s_Republic_of_China.htm</ref>]. == Taariikh == ==Visa Jabaan== <s>[[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]]</s> == Taariikh == [https://www.visualcapitalist.com/top-100-most-valuable-brands-in-2021/] [https://www.rankingthebrands.com/The-Brand-Rankings.aspx?rankingID=33&nav=category] [https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-sort=ASC&filter-brand-region=&filter-brand-country=japan] [https://www.rankingthebrands.com/The-Brand-Rankings.aspx?rankingID=139&nav=category]] {{Dalalka Aasiya}} [[Category:Jabaan]] a1kmv5y1je1a4my59piks60jjyyt1fl 0 2496 240474 240306 2022-08-27T20:19:42Z 74.12.157.34 /* Xubin */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|15|37|59|N|32|31|59|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Suudaan | native_name = {{raise|0.1em|{{lang|ar|{{big|جمهورية السودان}}}}}}<br />''Jumhūrīyat as-Sūdān'' | common_name = Sudan | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | image_map = Sudan on the globe (de-facto + claimed hatched) (North Africa centered).svg | map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=red }} | symbol_type = Emblem | national_motto = {{native phrase|ar|{{big|النصر لنا}}|italics=off}}<br />"An-Naṣar li-nā"<br />{{small|"Victory is ours"}} | national_anthem = {{unbulleted list |{{big|نحن جند الله جند الوطن}}|<center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]]</center>}} | official_languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Carabi]], [[Ingiriis]] }} | ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_year = | demonym = | capital = [[Khartuum]] | latd=15 |latm=38 |latNS=N |longd=032 |longm=32 |longEW=E | largest_city = [[Omdurman]]<ref>[https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/2000_round.htm United Nations: Population of capital cities and cities of 100 000 or more inhabitants: latest available year, 1990–2009, Demographic Yearbook 2009 – 2010,P 288–289, 2011, 12 May 2012]</ref><ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/Sudan.html Sudan: States, Major Cities, Towns & Agglomeration – Statistics & Maps on City Population. City Population 2011]</ref> | government_type = | leader_title1 = [[Madaxweyneyaashii Suudaan|Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan | leader_title2 = [[Madaxweyne ku xigeen]] | leader_name2 = Vacant | legislature = | upper_house = | lower_house = | sovereignty_type = Askunka | established_event1 = | established_date1 = | established_event2 = | established_date2 = | established_event3 = | established_date3 = | established_event4 = | established_date4 = | established_event5 = | established_date5 = | established_event6 = | established_date6 = | GDP_PPP_year = 2012 | GDP_PPP = $85.272 billion<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=62&pr.y=8&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=732&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= Sudan: International Monetary Fund, 2013]</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank =2022 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,545 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $25.941 billion | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,789 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_sq_mi = 728215 | area_rank = 16th | area_magnitude = | percent_water = | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census = 30,894,000 ''(disputed)''&nbsp;<ref>[http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 News24; AFP, Cape Town, 2009, Discontent over Sudan census]</ref> | population_census_rank = 40th | population_density_km2 = 16.4 | population_density_sq_mi = 42.4 | population_density_rank = | Gini_year = 2009 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = 35.3 <!--number only--> | Gini_ref =<ref>[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ Gini Index; World Bank, 2 March 2011]</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2011 | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.408 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref>[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf Human Development Report 2011; United Nations Development Programme 2 November 2011]</ref> | HDI_rank = 169th | FSI = {{nowrap|113.7 {{increase}} 1.4}} | FSI_year = 2007 | FSI_rank = 1st | FSI_category = <span style="color:#f00;white-space:nowrap;">Alert</span> | currency = [[Suudaan pound]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika]] | utc_offset = +3 | time_zone_DST = not observed | utc_offset_DST = +3 | drives_on = midig | calling_code = [[+249]] | cctld = [[.sd]], [[سودان.]] }} [[File:Map_of_Sudan_(New).jpg|thumb|right|193px|]] [[File:Bread22.JPG|thumb|right|194px|cunnto Sudan]] [[File:Sudan Khartoum View with Traffic 2003.jpg|thumb|195px|Vista dau centre de Khartom.]] [[File:Omdurman,old-bridge.jpg|thumb|right|196px|]] [[File:Nima_Elbagir_and_Isha_Sesay_at_the_74th_Annual_Peabody_Awards.jpg|thumb|right|197px|]] [[File:Khartoum_public_transportation.jpg|thumb|right|197px|]] '''Jamhuuriyada Suudaan ee Carabta ''' waxa la bedely magaicii hore ee suudaan kadib markii [[Koonfur Suudaan]] ay ka goday waqoogiyiga Suudaan, wadankani waxa uu ku yaalaa [[Woqooyi]]ga [[Afrika]]. Waxaa soo gumeestay gumeestihii ingriiska. Wadanka Suudaan mar waxa uu ahaa wadanka ugu ween afrika, waxoona xuduud la leyahay wadamada [[Masar]], Libiya, Tchad, [[Itoobiya]], Eratareya. Wadanka Suudaan waxoo kala go'ay taariikhda marka ee ahayd 9 [[Luuliyo]] [[2011]]. Suudaan waxee markeeda hore xornimo ka heshay gumeestihii ingriiska sanadka marka oo ahaa 1956dii, isla markaas neh wadanka waxoo ku biiray [[Qaramada Midoobay|QM]],waxaana xukumada qaaday xukumad militari ah oo markaa rabtay in ee wadanka ku xukunto diinta islaamka. Sanadka marka oo ahaa 1972dii ilaa 1982 Suudaan waxaa ka socday dagaalka aduunka ugu foosha xun oona ugu dheer qaarada [[Afrika]]. Dagaalkaas waxoo u dhaxeeyay waqooyiga Suudaan, oo ah meesha ee caasimada ku taalo, oona ah meesha ugu badan muslimiinta iyo Koonfurta suudaan oo ah meesha karishtaanka ugu badan oona leh saliid. Wabada qeebood waxee hishiis rasmi ah kala gaareen, taariikhda markii ay aheyd 9ka [[Janaayo]] 2005. == Taariikh == Suudaan waxee ka midtahay wadamada ugu horeeyay oo islaamka soo maray, gaar ahaan dhinaca saxaarada ee waqooyiga Suudaan. wadanka waxaa soo galay Ajanabi carab ah, isla markaas neh ee ka midnoqdeen dadkii horay u degenaa jiray Suudaan, waxeena diinta ku sii faafiyeen ilaa koonfurta Suudaan. ==Xubin== * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * * ` *'''[[Midowga Afrika]]''' * *` *'''[[Qaramada Midoobay]]'''* * ` *[[Hayada Cuntada Aduunka]] * * *[[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] * *` *[[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]] * * * ==Waddnmaha deggaan Sudan== *'''{{Flag|Sudan}}''' 45,000,000+ * {{Flag|Arab League}} 111,500+ * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 12,700+ * {{Flag|Canada}} 200+ * {{Flag|Great Britain}} 400+ * {{Flag|United States}} 400+ == Waqtigii Gumeesiga == Sanadka marka oo ahaa 1820 ilaa 1822dii, dhul ka mid ah Suudaan waxaa qabsaday wadanka [[Masar]], isla markaas neh waxaa la sameeyay magaalada [[Khartuum]]. Sanadka marka oo ahaa 1881dii, waxaa dhashtay [[Maleeshiyada Mahdi]], kuwaas oo ka soo horeejaday ama eediidanaayeen gumeestiyaashii masar iyo ingriiska. Maleeshiyadaas waxee sameesatay wadan u gooni ah, isla markaas neh waxee caasimad kadhigteen magaalada [[Omdurman]]. Wadankaas waxoo jiray ilaa 1898dii, isla markaas neh waxaa qabsaday gumeestihii ingriiska oo ku guulestay dagaaladii ee kula jireen. == Dhaqaale == Suudaan dhaqaaleheeda kor ayoo u socdaa ayada oo la ganacsato wadamada [[shiinaha]], [[jabaan]], [[sacuudi carabiya]], [[imaaradaka carabta]] iyo masar. Suudaan waxee soo saartaa saliid oo laga keeno koonfurta suudaan iyo shidaal. Dahab iyo waxyaabo badan neh wee sameesaa, lacagta ee suudaan hesho 100kiiba 50 waxee ku baxdaa militari. == Shacabka == Suudaan waa wadan oo ajnabi aad u badan ku nool. waxaa lagu hadlaa luqado gaareeso ilaa 110 luqadood, dadka waxaa loo kala qeebiyay waqooyi oo ah meesha ee carabta iyo Nubianka degentahay iyo dhaxbartanka ilaa koonfurta neh waa dad wada ajnabi ah oo aad u kala duwan. ==Sido Kale fiiri== * [[Masar]] * [[Itoobiya]] * [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] * [[Inqilaabkii ka dhacay Suudaan (2021)]] {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Suudaan| ]] tokpfqdxcxmfri26t1o2u7nbtoopvkc 240477 240474 2022-08-27T20:30:01Z 74.12.157.34 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|15|37|59|N|32|31|59|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Suudaan | native_name = {{raise|0.1em|{{lang|ar|{{big|جمهورية السودان}}}}}}<br />''Jumhūrīyat as-Sūdān'' | common_name = Sudan | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | image_map = Sudan on the globe (de-facto + claimed hatched) (North Africa centered).svg | map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=red }} | symbol_type = Emblem | national_motto = {{native phrase|ar|{{big|النصر لنا}}|italics=off}}<br />"An-Naṣar li-nā"<br />{{small|"Victory is ours"}} | national_anthem = {{unbulleted list |{{big|نحن جند الله جند الوطن}}|<center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]]</center>}} | official_languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Carabi]], [[Ingiriis]] }} | ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_year = | demonym = | capital = [[Khartuum]] | latd=15 |latm=38 |latNS=N |longd=032 |longm=32 |longEW=E | largest_city = [[Omdurman]]<ref>[https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/2000_round.htm United Nations: Population of capital cities and cities of 100 000 or more inhabitants: latest available year, 1990–2009, Demographic Yearbook 2009 – 2010,P 288–289, 2011, 12 May 2012]</ref><ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/Sudan.html Sudan: States, Major Cities, Towns & Agglomeration – Statistics & Maps on City Population. City Population 2011]</ref> | government_type = | leader_title1 = [[Madaxweyneyaashii Suudaan|Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan | leader_title2 = [[Madaxweyne ku xigeen]] | leader_name2 = Vacant | legislature = | upper_house = | lower_house = | sovereignty_type = Askunka | established_event1 = | established_date1 = | established_event2 = | established_date2 = | established_event3 = | established_date3 = | established_event4 = | established_date4 = | established_event5 = | established_date5 = | established_event6 = | established_date6 = | GDP_PPP_year = 2012 | GDP_PPP = $85.272 billion<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=62&pr.y=8&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=732&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= Sudan: International Monetary Fund, 2013]</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank =2022 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,545 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $25.941 billion | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,789 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_sq_mi = 728215 | area_rank = 16th | area_magnitude = | percent_water = | population_census_year = 2008 | population_census = 30,894,000 ''(disputed)''&nbsp;<ref>[http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 News24; AFP, Cape Town, 2009, Discontent over Sudan census]</ref> | population_census_rank = 40th | population_density_km2 = 16.4 | population_density_sq_mi = 42.4 | population_density_rank = | Gini_year = 2009 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = 35.3 <!--number only--> | Gini_ref =<ref>[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ Gini Index; World Bank, 2 March 2011]</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2011 | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.408 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref>[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf Human Development Report 2011; United Nations Development Programme 2 November 2011]</ref> | HDI_rank = 169th | FSI = {{nowrap|113.7 {{increase}} 1.4}} | FSI_year = 2007 | FSI_rank = 1st | FSI_category = <span style="color:#f00;white-space:nowrap;">Alert</span> | currency = [[Suudaan pound]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika]] | utc_offset = +3 | time_zone_DST = not observed | utc_offset_DST = +3 | drives_on = midig | calling_code = [[+249]] | cctld = [[.sd]], [[سودان.]] }} [[File:Map_of_Sudan_(New).jpg|thumb|right|193px|]] [[File:Bread22.JPG|thumb|right|194px|cunnto Sudan]] [[File:Sudan Khartoum View with Traffic 2003.jpg|thumb|195px|Vista dau centre de Khartom.]] [[File:Omdurman,old-bridge.jpg|thumb|right|196px|]] [[File:Nima_Elbagir_and_Isha_Sesay_at_the_74th_Annual_Peabody_Awards.jpg|thumb|right|197px|]] [[File:Khartoum_public_transportation.jpg|thumb|right|197px|]] '''Jamhuuriyada Suudaan ee Carabta ''' waxa la bedely magaicii hore ee suudaan kadib markii [[Koonfur Suudaan]] ay ka goday waqoogiyiga Suudaan, wadankani waxa uu ku yaalaa [[Woqooyi]]ga [[Afrika]]. Waxaa soo gumeestay gumeestihii ingriiska. Wadanka Suudaan mar waxa uu ahaa wadanka ugu ween afrika, waxoona xuduud la leyahay wadamada [[Masar]], Libiya, Tchad, [[Itoobiya]], Eratareya. Wadanka Suudaan waxoo kala go'ay taariikhda marka ee ahayd 9 [[Luuliyo]] [[2011]]. Suudaan waxee markeeda hore xornimo ka heshay gumeestihii ingriiska sanadka marka oo ahaa 1956dii, isla markaas neh wadanka waxoo ku biiray [[Qaramada Midoobay|QM]],waxaana xukumada qaaday xukumad militari ah oo markaa rabtay in ee wadanka ku xukunto diinta islaamka. Sanadka marka oo ahaa 1972dii ilaa 1982 Suudaan waxaa ka socday dagaalka aduunka ugu foosha xun oona ugu dheer qaarada [[Afrika]]. Dagaalkaas waxoo u dhaxeeyay waqooyiga Suudaan, oo ah meesha ee caasimada ku taalo, oona ah meesha ugu badan muslimiinta iyo Koonfurta suudaan oo ah meesha karishtaanka ugu badan oona leh saliid. Wabada qeebood waxee hishiis rasmi ah kala gaareen, taariikhda markii ay aheyd 9ka [[Janaayo]] 2005. == Taariikh == Suudaan waxee ka midtahay wadamada ugu horeeyay oo islaamka soo maray, gaar ahaan dhinaca saxaarada ee waqooyiga Suudaan. wadanka waxaa soo galay Ajanabi carab ah, isla markaas neh ee ka midnoqdeen dadkii horay u degenaa jiray Suudaan, waxeena diinta ku sii faafiyeen ilaa koonfurta Suudaan. == '''Un Tiroka''' - 707 == ==Boqolkiiba IMF== *'''0.06%''' ==Xubin== * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * * ` *'''[[Midowga Afrika]]''' * *` *'''[[Qaramada Midoobay]]'''* * ` *[[Hayada Cuntada Aduunka]] * * *[[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] * *` *[[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]] * * * ==Waddnmaha deggaan Sudan== *'''{{Flag|Sudan}}''' 45,000,000+ * {{Flag|Arab League}} 111,500+ * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 12,700+ * {{Flag|Canada}} 200+ * {{Flag|Great Britain}} 400+ * {{Flag|United States}} 400+ == Waqtigii Gumeesiga == Sanadka marka oo ahaa 1820 ilaa 1822dii, dhul ka mid ah Suudaan waxaa qabsaday wadanka [[Masar]], isla markaas neh waxaa la sameeyay magaalada [[Khartuum]]. Sanadka marka oo ahaa 1881dii, waxaa dhashtay [[Maleeshiyada Mahdi]], kuwaas oo ka soo horeejaday ama eediidanaayeen gumeestiyaashii masar iyo ingriiska. Maleeshiyadaas waxee sameesatay wadan u gooni ah, isla markaas neh waxee caasimad kadhigteen magaalada [[Omdurman]]. Wadankaas waxoo jiray ilaa 1898dii, isla markaas neh waxaa qabsaday gumeestihii ingriiska oo ku guulestay dagaaladii ee kula jireen. == Dhaqaale == Suudaan dhaqaaleheeda kor ayoo u socdaa ayada oo la ganacsato wadamada [[shiinaha]], [[jabaan]], [[sacuudi carabiya]], [[imaaradaka carabta]] iyo masar. Suudaan waxee soo saartaa saliid oo laga keeno koonfurta suudaan iyo shidaal. Dahab iyo waxyaabo badan neh wee sameesaa, lacagta ee suudaan hesho 100kiiba 50 waxee ku baxdaa militari. == Shacabka == Suudaan waa wadan oo ajnabi aad u badan ku nool. waxaa lagu hadlaa luqado gaareeso ilaa 110 luqadood, dadka waxaa loo kala qeebiyay waqooyi oo ah meesha ee carabta iyo Nubianka degentahay iyo dhaxbartanka ilaa koonfurta neh waa dad wada ajnabi ah oo aad u kala duwan. ==Sido Kale fiiri== * [[Masar]] * [[Itoobiya]] * [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] * [[Inqilaabkii ka dhacay Suudaan (2021)]] {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Suudaan| ]] ssrsgbwv60w05ku6m4rqfm92hzo23dj 240478 240477 2022-08-27T20:32:06Z 74.12.157.34 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|15|37|59|N|32|31|59|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Suudaan | native_name = {{raise|0.1em|{{lang|ar|{{big|جمهورية السودان}}}}}}<br />''Jumhūrīyat as-Sūdān'' | common_name = Sudan | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | image_map = Sudan on the globe (de-facto + claimed hatched) (North Africa centered).svg | map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=red }} | symbol_type = Emblem | national_motto = {{native phrase|ar|{{big|النصر لنا}}|italics=off}}<br />"An-Naṣar li-nā"<br />{{small|"Victory is ours"}} | national_anthem = {{unbulleted list |{{big|نحن جند الله جند الوطن}}|<center>[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]]</center>}} | official_languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Carabi]], [[Ingiriis]] }} | ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_year = | demonym = | capital = [[Khartuum]] | latd=15 |latm=38 |latNS=N |longd=032 |longm=32 |longEW=E | largest_city = [[Omdurman]]<ref>[https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/2000_round.htm United Nations: Population of capital cities and cities of 100 000 or more inhabitants: latest available year, 1990–2009, Demographic Yearbook 2009 – 2010,P 288–289, 2011, 12 May 2012]</ref><ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/Sudan.html Sudan: States, Major Cities, Towns & Agglomeration – Statistics & Maps on City Population. City Population 2011]</ref> | government_type = | leader_title1 = [[Madaxweyneyaashii Suudaan|Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan | leader_title2 = [[Madaxweyne ku xigeen]] | leader_name2 = Vacant | legislature = | upper_house = | lower_house = | sovereignty_type = Askunka | established_event1 = | established_date1 = | established_event2 = | established_date2 = | established_event3 = | established_date3 = | established_event4 = | established_date4 = | established_event5 = | established_date5 = | established_event6 = | established_date6 = | GDP_PPP_year = 2012 | GDP_PPP = $85.272 billion<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=62&pr.y=8&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=732&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= Sudan: International Monetary Fund, 2013]</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank =2022 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,545 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $25.941 billion | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,789 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | area_km2 = 1886068 | area_sq_mi = 728215 | area_rank = 16th | area_magnitude = | percent_water = | population_census_year = 2016 | population_census = 39,894,000 ''(disputed)''&nbsp;<ref>[http://www.news24.com/World/News/Discontent-over-Sudan-census-20090521 News24; AFP, Cape Town, 2009, Discontent over Sudan census]</ref> | population_census_rank = 40th | population_density_km2 = 16.4 | population_density_sq_mi = 42.4 | population_density_rank = | Gini_year = 2009 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = 35.3 <!--number only--> | Gini_ref =<ref>[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ Gini Index; World Bank, 2 March 2011]</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2011 | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.408 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref>[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf Human Development Report 2011; United Nations Development Programme 2 November 2011]</ref> | HDI_rank = 169th | FSI = {{nowrap|113.7 {{increase}} 1.4}} | FSI_year = 2007 | FSI_rank = 1st | FSI_category = <span style="color:#f00;white-space:nowrap;">Alert</span> | currency = [[Suudaan pound]] | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika]] | utc_offset = +3 | time_zone_DST = not observed | utc_offset_DST = +3 | drives_on = midig | calling_code = [[+249]] | cctld = [[.sd]], [[سودان.]] }} [[File:Map_of_Sudan_(New).jpg|thumb|right|193px|]] [[File:Bread22.JPG|thumb|right|194px|cunnto Sudan]] [[File:Sudan Khartoum View with Traffic 2003.jpg|thumb|195px|Vista dau centre de Khartom.]] [[File:Omdurman,old-bridge.jpg|thumb|right|196px|]] [[File:Nima_Elbagir_and_Isha_Sesay_at_the_74th_Annual_Peabody_Awards.jpg|thumb|right|197px|]] [[File:Khartoum_public_transportation.jpg|thumb|right|197px|]] '''Jamhuuriyada Suudaan ee Carabta ''' waxa la bedely magaicii hore ee suudaan kadib markii [[Koonfur Suudaan]] ay ka goday waqoogiyiga Suudaan, wadankani waxa uu ku yaalaa [[Woqooyi]]ga [[Afrika]]. Waxaa soo gumeestay gumeestihii ingriiska. Wadanka Suudaan mar waxa uu ahaa wadanka ugu ween afrika, waxoona xuduud la leyahay wadamada [[Masar]], Libiya, Tchad, [[Itoobiya]], Eratareya. Wadanka Suudaan waxoo kala go'ay taariikhda marka ee ahayd 9 [[Luuliyo]] [[2011]]. Suudaan waxee markeeda hore xornimo ka heshay gumeestihii ingriiska sanadka marka oo ahaa 1956dii, isla markaas neh wadanka waxoo ku biiray [[Qaramada Midoobay|QM]],waxaana xukumada qaaday xukumad militari ah oo markaa rabtay in ee wadanka ku xukunto diinta islaamka. Sanadka marka oo ahaa 1972dii ilaa 1982 Suudaan waxaa ka socday dagaalka aduunka ugu foosha xun oona ugu dheer qaarada [[Afrika]]. Dagaalkaas waxoo u dhaxeeyay waqooyiga Suudaan, oo ah meesha ee caasimada ku taalo, oona ah meesha ugu badan muslimiinta iyo Koonfurta suudaan oo ah meesha karishtaanka ugu badan oona leh saliid. Wabada qeebood waxee hishiis rasmi ah kala gaareen, taariikhda markii ay aheyd 9ka [[Janaayo]] 2005. == Taariikh == Suudaan waxee ka midtahay wadamada ugu horeeyay oo islaamka soo maray, gaar ahaan dhinaca saxaarada ee waqooyiga Suudaan. wadanka waxaa soo galay Ajanabi carab ah, isla markaas neh ee ka midnoqdeen dadkii horay u degenaa jiray Suudaan, waxeena diinta ku sii faafiyeen ilaa koonfurta Suudaan. ==''Un Tiroka''- 707 == ==Boqolkiiba IMF== *'''0.06%''' ==Xubin== * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * * ` *'''[[Midowga Afrika]]''' * *` *'''[[Qaramada Midoobay]]'''* * ` *[[Hayada Cuntada Aduunka]] * * *[[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] * *` *[[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]] * * * ==Waddnmaha deggaan Sudan== *'''{{Flag|Sudan}}''' 45,000,000+ * {{Flag|Arab League}} 111,500+ * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 12,700+ * {{Flag|Canada}} 200+ * {{Flag|Great Britain}} 400+ * {{Flag|United States}} 400+ == Waqtigii Gumeesiga == Sanadka marka oo ahaa 1820 ilaa 1822dii, dhul ka mid ah Suudaan waxaa qabsaday wadanka [[Masar]], isla markaas neh waxaa la sameeyay magaalada [[Khartuum]]. Sanadka marka oo ahaa 1881dii, waxaa dhashtay [[Maleeshiyada Mahdi]], kuwaas oo ka soo horeejaday ama eediidanaayeen gumeestiyaashii masar iyo ingriiska. Maleeshiyadaas waxee sameesatay wadan u gooni ah, isla markaas neh waxee caasimad kadhigteen magaalada [[Omdurman]]. Wadankaas waxoo jiray ilaa 1898dii, isla markaas neh waxaa qabsaday gumeestihii ingriiska oo ku guulestay dagaaladii ee kula jireen. == Dhaqaale == Suudaan dhaqaaleheeda kor ayoo u socdaa ayada oo la ganacsato wadamada [[shiinaha]], [[jabaan]], [[sacuudi carabiya]], [[imaaradaka carabta]] iyo masar. Suudaan waxee soo saartaa saliid oo laga keeno koonfurta suudaan iyo shidaal. Dahab iyo waxyaabo badan neh wee sameesaa, lacagta ee suudaan hesho 100kiiba 50 waxee ku baxdaa militari. == Shacabka == Suudaan waa wadan oo ajnabi aad u badan ku nool. waxaa lagu hadlaa luqado gaareeso ilaa 110 luqadood, dadka waxaa loo kala qeebiyay waqooyi oo ah meesha ee carabta iyo Nubianka degentahay iyo dhaxbartanka ilaa koonfurta neh waa dad wada ajnabi ah oo aad u kala duwan. ==Sido Kale fiiri== * [[Masar]] * [[Itoobiya]] * [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] * [[Inqilaabkii ka dhacay Suudaan (2021)]] {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Suudaan| ]] d6w2izfm38j3s0eiejninl827bmk19o 0 3282 240482 239043 2022-08-27T20:50:29Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddnmaha degaan Tunisa */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|34|N|9|E|scale:5000000|display=title}} {{Dalalka |native_name = <big> الجمهوريةالتونسية<br />'' </big> al-Jumhūriyya at-Tūnisiyya''<br />''République tunisienne'' |conventional_long_name = |common_name = Tunisie |qaarada = [[Afrika]] [[Midowga Afrika]][[Unionka Mediterraneanka]][[CEN-SAD]] |sawir_calan = Flag of Tunisia.svg |sawir_qaran = |astaan_calan = |image_map = Tunisia in its region.svg |caasimada = [[Tunis]] |luuqadaha = |Dawladda = &nbsp; |magac_hogaamiye1 = |magac_hogaamiye2 = |magac_hogaamiye1 = |magac_hogaamiye2 = |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = |areami² = |biyo = |population_estimate = |population_estimate_year = |lacagta = |wakhti = |furaha_debeda = |footnote1 = |footnote2 = }} [[File:Tunisia sm03.png|right|270px|Tunisie|thumb]] '''Tunisia''' waxay ku taallaa Waqooyiga qaaradda [[Afrika]], Magaala madaxda Tunisia waa [[Tunis]].Dhanka barai iyo Waqooyiba waxa kaxiga [[Bada Dhexe]].Dhinaca Galbeed waxa uu xuduud kala wadaagaa wadanka [[Aljeeriya]],waqooyi galbeedna wadanka [[Liibiya]],wadanka Tunisiya waxa uu kufadhiyaa dhul gaadhaya 162.155 KLm oo iskuwareeg ah,waxa %30 dhulka Tunisya mara [[Saxaara]]wayn. wadanka Tunisya waxa uu dawr aad iyo aad u ween kaqaatay taariikhaiihii hore,xiliyadii ay katalinjireen qowmiyadaha sida [[Dadka Berberiga]] iyo shacabkii lagumagacaabijiray Qrdaajiyiinta.xiligaas wadanka Tunis waxa lagu magacaabi jiray Gobolka [[Afrika]] oo waxa ay kamid ahayd xukunkii Roomanka,xiligaas waxaa kadhacay wadanka Tunisya dagaalo dhaxmaray Qardaajiyiinta iyo Roomaanka dagaaldaas oo lasheegay in ay yihiin qaar kamida dagaaladii ugu caansanii xiliyidii hore.Islaamku waxa uu wadanka Tunis gaadhay Qarnigii todobaad kadib markii ay islaamku wadankan qabsadeen waxa ay dhiseen magaalda caanka ah ee lagau magacaabo [[Qiirwaan]]. waana magaaladii ugu horeesay ee islaamiya ee lagadhiso waqooyiga [[Afrika]].wadanka Tunisiya waxa gumaystay Farnsiiska.gumaysiga farnsiisu waxa uu bilaabmay sanadkii 1881,waxaanuu wadnkanai madax banaanaaday sanadii 1957 waxaa noqday madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee Tunisya yeelato.[[Xabiib Borqeeba]].Waxa uu xukunka hayay ilaa sanadkii 1987 markaas oo uu xukunka wareejiyay sabao caafimaad awgood waxa talada qabtay [[Sayn Al-Cabidiin Bin Cali]] oo hayah talada ilaa shacabku ayay kacdoon talada kaga rideen bilawgii 2011. == Magaca Tunisiya == Magaca Tunisiya waxa uu kayimi caasimada wadanka oo isla magacan lagu magacaabo. == Dhaqaalaha == Wadanka Tunisiya waxa uu leeyahay ganacsi kala duwan oo firfircoon.dhaqaalha wadanka Tunisiya waxa laf dhabar u ah Beeraha dalxiska qodisa Dhuxusha iyo farsamooyinka fud fudud. [[File:Amphitheatre_El_Jem(js)1.jpg|thumb|right|193px|]] [[File:Vermeg_logo.svg|thumb|right|194px|]] [[File:President_Kais_Saïed_cropped.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] [[File:Moroccan cuisine-Couscous with vegetables.jpg|thumb|right|196px|]] [[File:Nouveau_siège_de_la_BIAT_REF_5163.jpg|thumb|right|197px|]] == Dhismo Hooseedka == Wadanka Tunisiya waxa uu Leeyahay Dhismo Hooseed aad u feecan Gaar ahaan Dhanka garoomada ay diyaaraduhu ka haadaan iuo wadooyinka u dhexeeya magaalooyinka waawayn.oo dhamaantood ah laami waxa kale oo wadanku kadhisan yahay goobaha Ciyaaraha sida Garoomada kubada cagta kubada kolayga oo si heersare ah Loodhisay == Waxbarashada == Waxbarashada Wadanka Tunisaya lagabilaabo 3 jir ilaa 6 jir qasab maaha laakin wixii kabilaabma 6 jir ilaa 13 16 waa qasab waana bilaash, ==Xubin== * [[ICAO]] * * [[UNESCO]] * * [[UNICEF]] * * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * * [[Midowga Afrika]] * * * * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * * * ==Waddnmaha degaan Tunisa== *'''{{Flag|Tunisia}}''' 12,000,000+ * {{Flag|Bangladesh}} 1000+ * {{Flag|Arab League}} 25,500+ * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 2000+ * {{Flag|France}} 1000+ * {{Flag|Turkey}} 500+ * {{Flag|Great Britain}} 1000+ == Warbaahinta == warbaahinta wadanka Tunisiya waxa ay kakoobantahay laba kinaal oo ay dawladu maamusho 1 iyo 2 waxa jira oo kale Kinaalo madax banaan oo sigaara looleeyahy, == Saxaafada laqoro == wadanka Tuunusya waxa kasoo baxa jaraa'ido faro badan oo ay qaarkood leedahay dawladu iyo qaar kale oo madax banaan. == Ciyaaraha == Ciyaarta koobaad ee wadanka Tunisya laga xiiseeyaa waa kubada cagta,ciyaarta labaad ee wadanka Tunisiya ugu xiisaha badani waa ciyaarta Tikwendo sidoo kale waxa laga ciyaaraa sida ciyaaraha Tinista Kubada kolayga iyo ciyaaro kale oo aad ubadan. Waxaa kale oo wadanka tunuusiya laga ciyaaraa kubadda cagta sidoo kale wadanka tuniisaya waa wadanka ugu badan ee soo saara warbaahunada wadanka tuniisa waa wadanka kali ee Africa mabaxsan unadhaw Cadaanka wadanka tuunusia waa wadan hadda madax banaan waxaan uku badan ee laku sameeya sexy iyo waxyaabo kle oo aad ufara badan. * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20040122/The-Thousand-Star-Hotel/ “The Thousand-Star Hotel”] ("Kun xiddiga Hoteel") {{Gumud}} ==sido kale fiiri== * [[Aljeeriya]] {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Dawladdaha Afrika]] ih2e8nz4e6cq0l69f4t8f210zoh8heb 240483 240482 2022-08-27T20:51:53Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Xubin */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|34|N|9|E|scale:5000000|display=title}} {{Dalalka |native_name = <big> الجمهوريةالتونسية<br />'' </big> al-Jumhūriyya at-Tūnisiyya''<br />''République tunisienne'' |conventional_long_name = |common_name = Tunisie |qaarada = [[Afrika]] [[Midowga Afrika]][[Unionka Mediterraneanka]][[CEN-SAD]] |sawir_calan = Flag of Tunisia.svg |sawir_qaran = |astaan_calan = |image_map = Tunisia in its region.svg |caasimada = [[Tunis]] |luuqadaha = |Dawladda = &nbsp; |magac_hogaamiye1 = |magac_hogaamiye2 = |magac_hogaamiye1 = |magac_hogaamiye2 = |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = |areami² = |biyo = |population_estimate = |population_estimate_year = |lacagta = |wakhti = |furaha_debeda = |footnote1 = |footnote2 = }} [[File:Tunisia sm03.png|right|270px|Tunisie|thumb]] '''Tunisia''' waxay ku taallaa Waqooyiga qaaradda [[Afrika]], Magaala madaxda Tunisia waa [[Tunis]].Dhanka barai iyo Waqooyiba waxa kaxiga [[Bada Dhexe]].Dhinaca Galbeed waxa uu xuduud kala wadaagaa wadanka [[Aljeeriya]],waqooyi galbeedna wadanka [[Liibiya]],wadanka Tunisiya waxa uu kufadhiyaa dhul gaadhaya 162.155 KLm oo iskuwareeg ah,waxa %30 dhulka Tunisya mara [[Saxaara]]wayn. wadanka Tunisya waxa uu dawr aad iyo aad u ween kaqaatay taariikhaiihii hore,xiliyadii ay katalinjireen qowmiyadaha sida [[Dadka Berberiga]] iyo shacabkii lagumagacaabijiray Qrdaajiyiinta.xiligaas wadanka Tunis waxa lagu magacaabi jiray Gobolka [[Afrika]] oo waxa ay kamid ahayd xukunkii Roomanka,xiligaas waxaa kadhacay wadanka Tunisya dagaalo dhaxmaray Qardaajiyiinta iyo Roomaanka dagaaldaas oo lasheegay in ay yihiin qaar kamida dagaaladii ugu caansanii xiliyidii hore.Islaamku waxa uu wadanka Tunis gaadhay Qarnigii todobaad kadib markii ay islaamku wadankan qabsadeen waxa ay dhiseen magaalda caanka ah ee lagau magacaabo [[Qiirwaan]]. waana magaaladii ugu horeesay ee islaamiya ee lagadhiso waqooyiga [[Afrika]].wadanka Tunisiya waxa gumaystay Farnsiiska.gumaysiga farnsiisu waxa uu bilaabmay sanadkii 1881,waxaanuu wadnkanai madax banaanaaday sanadii 1957 waxaa noqday madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee Tunisya yeelato.[[Xabiib Borqeeba]].Waxa uu xukunka hayay ilaa sanadkii 1987 markaas oo uu xukunka wareejiyay sabao caafimaad awgood waxa talada qabtay [[Sayn Al-Cabidiin Bin Cali]] oo hayah talada ilaa shacabku ayay kacdoon talada kaga rideen bilawgii 2011. == Magaca Tunisiya == Magaca Tunisiya waxa uu kayimi caasimada wadanka oo isla magacan lagu magacaabo. == Dhaqaalaha == Wadanka Tunisiya waxa uu leeyahay ganacsi kala duwan oo firfircoon.dhaqaalha wadanka Tunisiya waxa laf dhabar u ah Beeraha dalxiska qodisa Dhuxusha iyo farsamooyinka fud fudud. [[File:Amphitheatre_El_Jem(js)1.jpg|thumb|right|193px|]] [[File:Vermeg_logo.svg|thumb|right|194px|]] [[File:President_Kais_Saïed_cropped.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] [[File:Moroccan cuisine-Couscous with vegetables.jpg|thumb|right|196px|]] [[File:Nouveau_siège_de_la_BIAT_REF_5163.jpg|thumb|right|197px|]] == Dhismo Hooseedka == Wadanka Tunisiya waxa uu Leeyahay Dhismo Hooseed aad u feecan Gaar ahaan Dhanka garoomada ay diyaaraduhu ka haadaan iuo wadooyinka u dhexeeya magaalooyinka waawayn.oo dhamaantood ah laami waxa kale oo wadanku kadhisan yahay goobaha Ciyaaraha sida Garoomada kubada cagta kubada kolayga oo si heersare ah Loodhisay == Waxbarashada == Waxbarashada Wadanka Tunisaya lagabilaabo 3 jir ilaa 6 jir qasab maaha laakin wixii kabilaabma 6 jir ilaa 13 16 waa qasab waana bilaash, ==Xubin== * [[IMF]] * * [[ICAO]] * * [[UNESCO]] * * [[UNICEF]] * * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * *` * [[Midowga Afrika]] * *` * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * * * ==Waddnmaha degaan Tunisa== *'''{{Flag|Tunisia}}''' 12,000,000+ * {{Flag|Bangladesh}} 1000+ * {{Flag|Arab League}} 25,500+ * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 2000+ * {{Flag|France}} 1000+ * {{Flag|Turkey}} 500+ * {{Flag|Great Britain}} 1000+ == Warbaahinta == warbaahinta wadanka Tunisiya waxa ay kakoobantahay laba kinaal oo ay dawladu maamusho 1 iyo 2 waxa jira oo kale Kinaalo madax banaan oo sigaara looleeyahy, == Saxaafada laqoro == wadanka Tuunusya waxa kasoo baxa jaraa'ido faro badan oo ay qaarkood leedahay dawladu iyo qaar kale oo madax banaan. == Ciyaaraha == Ciyaarta koobaad ee wadanka Tunisya laga xiiseeyaa waa kubada cagta,ciyaarta labaad ee wadanka Tunisiya ugu xiisaha badani waa ciyaarta Tikwendo sidoo kale waxa laga ciyaaraa sida ciyaaraha Tinista Kubada kolayga iyo ciyaaro kale oo aad ubadan. Waxaa kale oo wadanka tunuusiya laga ciyaaraa kubadda cagta sidoo kale wadanka tuniisaya waa wadanka ugu badan ee soo saara warbaahunada wadanka tuniisa waa wadanka kali ee Africa mabaxsan unadhaw Cadaanka wadanka tuunusia waa wadan hadda madax banaan waxaan uku badan ee laku sameeya sexy iyo waxyaabo kle oo aad ufara badan. * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20040122/The-Thousand-Star-Hotel/ “The Thousand-Star Hotel”] ("Kun xiddiga Hoteel") {{Gumud}} ==sido kale fiiri== * [[Aljeeriya]] {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Dawladdaha Afrika]] scs2vk5g8mb40ra0rahmpqy303zjeq7 240484 240483 2022-08-27T20:52:28Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Xubin */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|34|N|9|E|scale:5000000|display=title}} {{Dalalka |native_name = <big> الجمهوريةالتونسية<br />'' </big> al-Jumhūriyya at-Tūnisiyya''<br />''République tunisienne'' |conventional_long_name = |common_name = Tunisie |qaarada = [[Afrika]] [[Midowga Afrika]][[Unionka Mediterraneanka]][[CEN-SAD]] |sawir_calan = Flag of Tunisia.svg |sawir_qaran = |astaan_calan = |image_map = Tunisia in its region.svg |caasimada = [[Tunis]] |luuqadaha = |Dawladda = &nbsp; |magac_hogaamiye1 = |magac_hogaamiye2 = |magac_hogaamiye1 = |magac_hogaamiye2 = |sovereignty_type = |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = |areami² = |biyo = |population_estimate = |population_estimate_year = |lacagta = |wakhti = |furaha_debeda = |footnote1 = |footnote2 = }} [[File:Tunisia sm03.png|right|270px|Tunisie|thumb]] '''Tunisia''' waxay ku taallaa Waqooyiga qaaradda [[Afrika]], Magaala madaxda Tunisia waa [[Tunis]].Dhanka barai iyo Waqooyiba waxa kaxiga [[Bada Dhexe]].Dhinaca Galbeed waxa uu xuduud kala wadaagaa wadanka [[Aljeeriya]],waqooyi galbeedna wadanka [[Liibiya]],wadanka Tunisiya waxa uu kufadhiyaa dhul gaadhaya 162.155 KLm oo iskuwareeg ah,waxa %30 dhulka Tunisya mara [[Saxaara]]wayn. wadanka Tunisya waxa uu dawr aad iyo aad u ween kaqaatay taariikhaiihii hore,xiliyadii ay katalinjireen qowmiyadaha sida [[Dadka Berberiga]] iyo shacabkii lagumagacaabijiray Qrdaajiyiinta.xiligaas wadanka Tunis waxa lagu magacaabi jiray Gobolka [[Afrika]] oo waxa ay kamid ahayd xukunkii Roomanka,xiligaas waxaa kadhacay wadanka Tunisya dagaalo dhaxmaray Qardaajiyiinta iyo Roomaanka dagaaldaas oo lasheegay in ay yihiin qaar kamida dagaaladii ugu caansanii xiliyidii hore.Islaamku waxa uu wadanka Tunis gaadhay Qarnigii todobaad kadib markii ay islaamku wadankan qabsadeen waxa ay dhiseen magaalda caanka ah ee lagau magacaabo [[Qiirwaan]]. waana magaaladii ugu horeesay ee islaamiya ee lagadhiso waqooyiga [[Afrika]].wadanka Tunisiya waxa gumaystay Farnsiiska.gumaysiga farnsiisu waxa uu bilaabmay sanadkii 1881,waxaanuu wadnkanai madax banaanaaday sanadii 1957 waxaa noqday madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee Tunisya yeelato.[[Xabiib Borqeeba]].Waxa uu xukunka hayay ilaa sanadkii 1987 markaas oo uu xukunka wareejiyay sabao caafimaad awgood waxa talada qabtay [[Sayn Al-Cabidiin Bin Cali]] oo hayah talada ilaa shacabku ayay kacdoon talada kaga rideen bilawgii 2011. == Magaca Tunisiya == Magaca Tunisiya waxa uu kayimi caasimada wadanka oo isla magacan lagu magacaabo. == Dhaqaalaha == Wadanka Tunisiya waxa uu leeyahay ganacsi kala duwan oo firfircoon.dhaqaalha wadanka Tunisiya waxa laf dhabar u ah Beeraha dalxiska qodisa Dhuxusha iyo farsamooyinka fud fudud. [[File:Amphitheatre_El_Jem(js)1.jpg|thumb|right|193px|]] [[File:Vermeg_logo.svg|thumb|right|194px|]] [[File:President_Kais_Saïed_cropped.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] [[File:Moroccan cuisine-Couscous with vegetables.jpg|thumb|right|196px|]] [[File:Nouveau_siège_de_la_BIAT_REF_5163.jpg|thumb|right|197px|]] == Dhismo Hooseedka == Wadanka Tunisiya waxa uu Leeyahay Dhismo Hooseed aad u feecan Gaar ahaan Dhanka garoomada ay diyaaraduhu ka haadaan iuo wadooyinka u dhexeeya magaalooyinka waawayn.oo dhamaantood ah laami waxa kale oo wadanku kadhisan yahay goobaha Ciyaaraha sida Garoomada kubada cagta kubada kolayga oo si heersare ah Loodhisay == Waxbarashada == Waxbarashada Wadanka Tunisaya lagabilaabo 3 jir ilaa 6 jir qasab maaha laakin wixii kabilaabma 6 jir ilaa 13 16 waa qasab waana bilaash, ==Xubin== * [[IMF]] * * [[ICAO]] * * [[UNESCO]] * * [[UNICEF]] * * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * *` * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * *` * [[Midowga Afrika]] * *` * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * *` ==Waddnmaha degaan Tunisa== *'''{{Flag|Tunisia}}''' 12,000,000+ * {{Flag|Bangladesh}} 1000+ * {{Flag|Arab League}} 25,500+ * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 2000+ * {{Flag|France}} 1000+ * {{Flag|Turkey}} 500+ * {{Flag|Great Britain}} 1000+ == Warbaahinta == warbaahinta wadanka Tunisiya waxa ay kakoobantahay laba kinaal oo ay dawladu maamusho 1 iyo 2 waxa jira oo kale Kinaalo madax banaan oo sigaara looleeyahy, == Saxaafada laqoro == wadanka Tuunusya waxa kasoo baxa jaraa'ido faro badan oo ay qaarkood leedahay dawladu iyo qaar kale oo madax banaan. == Ciyaaraha == Ciyaarta koobaad ee wadanka Tunisya laga xiiseeyaa waa kubada cagta,ciyaarta labaad ee wadanka Tunisiya ugu xiisaha badani waa ciyaarta Tikwendo sidoo kale waxa laga ciyaaraa sida ciyaaraha Tinista Kubada kolayga iyo ciyaaro kale oo aad ubadan. Waxaa kale oo wadanka tunuusiya laga ciyaaraa kubadda cagta sidoo kale wadanka tuniisaya waa wadanka ugu badan ee soo saara warbaahunada wadanka tuniisa waa wadanka kali ee Africa mabaxsan unadhaw Cadaanka wadanka tuunusia waa wadan hadda madax banaan waxaan uku badan ee laku sameeya sexy iyo waxyaabo kle oo aad ufara badan. * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20040122/The-Thousand-Star-Hotel/ “The Thousand-Star Hotel”] ("Kun xiddiga Hoteel") {{Gumud}} ==sido kale fiiri== * [[Aljeeriya]] {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Afrika]] [[Category:Dawladdaha Afrika]] ea6rgxbdvt87dfs6nog01ig9idsvbya 0 3913 240485 240333 2022-08-27T20:56:33Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddanmaha Deggan Masser */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|26|N|30|E|dim:1000km_type:country_region:EG|format=dms|display=title}} {{Dalalka |native_name = Jamhuuriyadda Masar ee Carabta<br />''جمهورية مصر العربية'' |conventional_long_name = |common_name = Masar |qaaradda = [[Afrika]] |sawir_calan = Flag_of_Egypt.svg |sawir_qaran =Coat_of_arms_of_Egypt.svg |image_map = Egypt in its region (undisputed).svg |astaan_calan = [[Astaanta Calanka Masar|Bilaadi, Bilaadi, Bilaadi]] |image_map = |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]] |luuqadaha = [[Af-Carabi]] |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]] |Dawladda = &nbsp; |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweyne]] | GDP_PPP_year = 2022 | GDP_PPP_rank = 5th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $25,425 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 18th | GDP_nominal = $350 Billion | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $22,550 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |Madaxweyne]] |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaahii Masar|Ra'iisul wasaare]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = Abdel-Fattah el-Sisi |magac_hogaamiye2 = (Hishaam Qandiil) |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''' |sovereignty_note = Gumeystihii [[Ingiriis]]ka |established_event1 = Taariikhda |established_date1 = 28 [[Febraayo]], 1922 |area = ,002,450 km2 |areami² = 387,048 sq mi |biyo = 0.632 |population_estimate = 77,420,000 <sup>2</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2009 |lacagta = [[Egyptian pound]] |wakhti = Samar (DST) |furaha_debedda = +20 |footnote1 = }} [[w:ar:مصر]] [[w:arc:ܡܨܪܝܢ]] '''Masar''' ({{lang-ar|مصر}}; {{lang-en|Egypt}}) sida dowliga ah loo yaqaano '''Jamhuuriyada Masar ee Carabta''', '''جمهورية مصر العربية''' waa wadan ku yaalo [[Afrika|Woqooyiga Afrika]], wadankaan waxee leedahay buundo dhulka ah oo la dhoho [[Siinaa]], waxeena isku xirta [[afrika]] iyo [[aasiya]]. Wadankaan waxoo xuduud la leeyahay wadamada Libiya, [[Suudaan]], Falastiin iyo Israaiil, Dhinaca woqooyi neh waxaa kaga dhegan [[Bada dhexe]], dhinaca bariga neh waxaa kaga dhegan [[Bada cas]], Caasimada wadanka waa [[Qaahiro]]. Masar waxee ka midtahay wadamada ee ku noolyihiin dad aad u badan marka la fiiriyo wadamada afrika. Wadankaan waxaa degan dad gaaraayo ilaa 79,089,650 oo qof (dad tiriskii 2010), Dadka badankooda waxee degan yihiin magaalo yaasha waaweyn gaar ahaan meelaha oo wabiga [[Niil]] maro. dhinaca kale masar waxee leedahay dhul saxaaro oo aad u weyn, meelahaas neh dad badan ma degeno.Masaarida sxiibo fiican ayee la ahaan jireen madaxda somalida. [[Masar]] waxee ka midtahay wadamada aadka u duqsan, waxeena leedahay taariikh aad dheer. Wadankaan waxaa markiisa hore xukumi jiray boqortooyo, waxaana lagu yaqaanaa ama ee caan ku tahay Mudulada sadax geeska ah oo lagu magacaabo afka ingriiska (Pyramids), waxeena ku yaalaan magaalada [[Gisa]]. Muduladaan sadax geeska ah waxaa la dhisay kumanaan sano kahor, waxaana dhisay adooman oo markaas boqortooyada masar lahaan jirtay. Masar waxee leedahay waxyaabo badan oo taariikhi ah oo lala yaabo. wadanka masar waxee ka midtahay wadamada gumeestaha yurubiyaanka ee qabsadeen. [[Masar]] waa qayb ka mid ah waqooyiga africa oo leh dalal dalxiis ah oo ka mid ah [[Algeria]], [[Tunisia]], [[Morocco]]. [[File:Mint_Tea_at_El_Fishawy's.jpg|thumb|right|193px|]] [[File:USS_America_(CV-66)_in_the_Suez_canal_1981.jpg|thumb|194px|right|USS America 1981 Sanad [[Kanaalka Suweys]]]] [[File:All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg|thumb|right|195px|[[Giza Pyramids]]]] [[File:Mount Sinai Egypt.jpg|thumb|196px|[[Buurta Siinay]]. Israaʼiil waxay teendhooyin ka dhisteen Buurta Siinay oo Yehowah axdi buu iyaga la dhigtay<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/farriinta-kitaabka/ilaahay-baa-reer-binu-israaʼiil-samatabbixiyay/ Ilaahay Baa Reer Binu Israaʼiil Samatabbixiyay]</ref>]] == Magac == [[Misrayim]] wuxuu ahaa farcankii qabiilooyinka Masar (sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah qabiilooyinka aan Masar ahayn), magacana wuxuu la mid ahaa Masar. (Kaasu wuxuu ahaa kii labaad oo wiilashii Xaam: „Wiilashii Xaamna waxay ahaayeen Kuush, iyo Misrayim, iyo Fuud, iyo Kancaan.” [[Kitaabka quduska]], Bilowgii 10:6) Haddaba, erayga “Masar” ee tarjumaadaha Ingiriisiga wuxuu dhab ahaan u tarjumaa Cibraaniga Mits·raʹyim (ama Ma·tsohrʹ dhowr xaaladood). Kiniinnada Amarna, oo la qoray nuskii hore ee kunnigii labaad ee B.C.E., waxay Masar u tixraacaan Misri, oo la mid ah magaca Carabiga casriga ah ee dhulka (Misr).<ref>[https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200003094 Mizʹra·im]</ref>. ==Xubin== * [[AIIB]] * [[Comesa]] * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * [[Midowga Afrika]] * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] ==Waddanmaha Deggan Masser== * {{Flag|Egypt}} 100,100,100 + * {{Flag|Brazil}} 5,00 + * {{Flag|Bangladesh}} 25,000 + * {{flag|Arab League}} 593,500+<ref>https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_%C3%A1rabe</ref>. * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 23,000+.<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm</ref>. * {{Flag|Ethiopia}} 11,000+ * {{Flag|Japan}} 12,500+* {{Flag|South Korea}} 12,000+<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/d/Democracy.htm</ref> * {{Flag|Great Britain}} 1,500+ * {{Flag|Australia}} 3,00+<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/d/Democracy.htm</ref> *'''🇪🇺 Europeans''': 158,300+ <ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm</ref>. * {{Flag|United States}} 13,000+<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/d/Democracy.htm</ref> * {{Flag|China}} PR; CHINA: 3,500+[<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/p/People%2527s_Republic_of_China.htm</ref>]. == Taariikh masar == <gallery> File:Tanta-1.jpg|Tanta's city center, Algeish street File:Mehata1-Tanta.jpg|Tanta's railway station File:Mosque of St. Ahmed El-Badawi.jpg|Mosque of st. Ahmed El-Badawy File:TantaFerialPalace.jpg|Ferial palace, currently Al-Azhar school for girls </gallery> ==Maggaloyiinka== * [[Aswan]] * [[Qaahiro]] * [[Giza Pyramids]] * [[Jasiira (Qaahiro)]] ==Xubin== * [[Comesa]] * [[Midowga Afrika]] * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] [[File:Egyptian Minister of Defense Abdel Fatah Al Sisi.jpg|thumb|193px|[[Abdul Fatah al-Sisi]], president vanaf 10 juni 2014]] [[File:Egypt.LuxorTemple.River.01.jpg|thumb|194px|right|... ''[[Lo flum Nil a Loxòr]]''...]] [[File:Egypt.LuxorTemple.02.jpg|195px|right|thumb|...''[[Estatua faraonica al Temple de Loxòr]]''...]] [[File:EgyptAir_Cargo_logo.png|thumb|right|196px|]] [[File:Templo de Luxor.jpg|thumb|right|196px|... ''[[Temple de Loxòr: estatuas colossalas de Ramsés II]]''...]] [[File:Crop_limit,_Nile_Valley-2.jpg|thumb|right|197px|masar beeraha]] [[File:SharmView.jpg|thumb|right|197px|[[Sharm el-Sheikh]]]] Wadanka masar Marka Hore Dadka Asalkoodi Waxay Ahayeen Somali Madaxwene Ay DUNIDA uGU jECLAYEEN Wuxuu Ahaa Siyaad Barre waxaa la carbeeyay sanadka marka oo ahaa 639kii, waa markii oo wadanka soo galay qoomiyado carab ah, isla markaas neh dadka masaarida ee bareen luqada af carabiga iyo diinta islaamka, sanadka marka oo ahaa 969kii wadanka waxaa qabsaday shiicada, isla markaas neh waxee sameeyeen wadanka masar, caasimadooda neh waxee ka dhigteen qaahiro. wadankaan waxoo jiray ilaa sanadka marka oo ahaa 1171. Waqtigaas kadib wadanka waxaa qabsaday dad [[Salaaxudiin]] ah, isla markaas neh wadanka diintiisa waxee isku badashay [[sunna]] * [[Siinaa]] * [[Jamaal Cabdinaasir]] * [[Biyomareenka Suwees]] [[File:Telo.jpg|thumb|right|197px|Una scena di [[transumanza]]]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Egyptian governorates<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151019093240/http://www.msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptinFigures2015/EgyptinFigures/Tables/PDF/1-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/pop.pdf Egypt in Figures 2015, CAPMAS]</ref> ! No. on<br>map ! Name ! Area (km<sup>2</sup>) ! Population (2015) ! Population density (2015) ! Capital |- |01 |[[El Qaahiro Governorate|Qaahiro]] |align = right | {{nts|3,085}} |align = right | {{nts|9,655,000}} |align = right | {{nts|3,009}} |[[El Qahirah]] |- |02 |[[Alexandria Governorate|Alexandria]] |align = right | {{nts|2300}} |align = right | {{nts|4,812,186}} |align = right | {{nts|2092}} |[[Alexandria]] |- |27 |[[Aswan Governorate|Aswan]] |align = right | {{nts|62726}} |align = right | {{nts|1431488}} |align = right | {{nts|23}} |[[Aswan]] |- |22 |[[Asyut Governorate|Asyut]] |align = right | {{nts|25926}} |align = right | {{nts|4245215}} |align = right | {{nts|164}} |[[Asyut]] |- |03 |[[Beheira Governorate|Beheira]] |align = right | {{nts|9826}} |align = right | {{nts|5804262}} |align = right | {{nts|591}} |[[Damanhur]] |- |19 |[[Beni Suef Governorate|Beni Suef]] |align = right | {{nts|10954}} |align = right | {{nts|2856812}} |align = right | {{nts|261}} |[[Beni Suef]] |- |16 |[[Cairo Governorate|Cairo]] |align = right | {{nts|3085}} |align = right | {{nts|9278441}} |align = right | {{nts|3008}} |[[Cairo]] |- |05 |[[Dakahlia Governorate|Dakahlia]] |align = right | {{nts|3538}} |align = right | {{nts|5949001}} |align = right | {{nts|1681}} |[[Mansoura, Egypt|Mansoura]] |- |06 |[[Damietta Governorate|Damietta]] |align = right | {{nts|910}} |align = right | {{nts|1330843}} |align = right | {{nts|1462}} |[[Damietta]] |- |15 |[[Faiyum Governorate|Faiyum]] |align = right | {{nts|6068}} |align = right | {{nts|3170150}} |align = right | {{nts|522}} |[[Faiyum]] |- |09 |[[Gharbia Governorate|Gharbia]] |align = right | {{nts|1942}} |align = right | {{nts|4751865}} |align = right | {{nts|2447}} |[[Tanta]] |- |14 |[[Giza Governorate|Giza]] |align = right | {{nts|13184}} |align = right | {{nts|7585115}} |align = right | {{nts|575}} |[[Giza]] |- |13 |[[Ismailia Governorate|Ismailia]] |align = right | {{nts|5067}} |align = right | {{nts|1178641}} |align = right | {{nts|233}} |[[Ismailia]] |- |04 |[[Kafr El Sheikh Governorate|Kafr El Sheikh]] |align = right | {{nts|3467}} |align = right | {{nts|3172753}} |align = right | {{nts|915}} |[[Kafr El Sheikh]] |- |26 |[[Luxor Governorate|Luxor]] |align = right | 55 |align = right | {{nts|1147058}} |align = right | 20855.6 |[[Luxor]] |- |11 |[[Matruh Governorate|Matruh]] |align = right | {{nts|166563}} |align = right | {{nts|447846}} |align = right | {{nts|2.7}} |[[Marsa Matruh]] |- |20 |[[Minya Governorate|Minya]] |align = right | {{nts|32279}} |align = right | {{nts|5156702}} |align = right | {{nts|160}} |[[Minya, Egypt|Minya]] |- |10 |[[Monufia Governorate|Monufia]] |align = right | {{nts|2499}} |align = right | {{nts|3941293}} |align = right | {{nts|1577}} |[[Shibin El Kom]] |- |21 |[[New Valley Governorate|New Valley]] |align = right | {{nts|440098}} |align = right | {{nts|225416}} |align = right | {{nts|0.5}} |[[Kharga]] |- |08 |[[North Sinai Governorate|North Sinai]] |align = right | {{nts|28992}} |align = right | {{nts|434781}} |align = right | {{nts|15}} |[[Arish]] |- |07 |[[Port Said Governorate|Port Said]] |align = right | {{nts|1345}} |align = right | {{nts|666599}} |align = right | {{nts|496}} |[[Port Said]] |- |11 |[[Qalyubia Governorate|Qalyubia]] |align = right | {{nts|1124}} |align = right | {{nts|5105972}} |align = right | {{nts|4543}} |[[Banha]] |- |25 |[[Qena Governorate|Qena]] |align = right | {{nts|10798}} |align = right | {{nts|3045504}} |align = right | {{nts|282}} |[[Qena]] |- |23 |[[Red Sea Governorate|Red Sea]] |align = right | {{nts|119099}} |align = right | {{nts|345775}} |align = right | {{nts|2.9}} |[[Hurghada]] |- |12 |[[Al Sharqia Governorate|Sharqia]] |align = right | {{nts|4911}} |align = right | {{nts|6485412}} |align = right | {{nts|1321}} |[[Zagazig]] |- |24 |[[Sohag Governorate|Sohag]] |align = right | {{nts|11022}} |align = right | {{nts|4603861}} |align = right | {{nts|418}} |[[Sohag]] |- |18 |[[South Sinai Governorate|South Sinai]] |align = right | {{nts|31272}} |align = right | {{nts|167426}} |align = right | {{nts|5.4}} |[[El Tor, Egypt|El Tor]] |- |17 |[[Suez Governorate|Suez]] |align = right | {{nts|9002}} |align = right | {{nts|622859}} |align = right | {{nts|69}} |[[Suez]] |-class="sortbottom" ! colspan=2 | Total ! 1,010,407 ! 87,963,276 ! |} ==sido kale fiiri== * [[Tunisiya]] * [[Aljeeriya]] * [[Jamaal Cabdinaasir]] * [[Dhagax ka Rosetta]] * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Masar]] [[Category:Wadamada Carabta]] mmktfy964ps88wl2e3ks76ihp1u9u6z 240486 240485 2022-08-27T20:58:05Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddanmaha Deggan Masser */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|26|N|30|E|dim:1000km_type:country_region:EG|format=dms|display=title}} {{Dalalka |native_name = Jamhuuriyadda Masar ee Carabta<br />''جمهورية مصر العربية'' |conventional_long_name = |common_name = Masar |qaaradda = [[Afrika]] |sawir_calan = Flag_of_Egypt.svg |sawir_qaran =Coat_of_arms_of_Egypt.svg |image_map = Egypt in its region (undisputed).svg |astaan_calan = [[Astaanta Calanka Masar|Bilaadi, Bilaadi, Bilaadi]] |image_map = |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]] |luuqadaha = [[Af-Carabi]] |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]] |Dawladda = &nbsp; |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweyne]] | GDP_PPP_year = 2022 | GDP_PPP_rank = 5th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $25,425 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 18th | GDP_nominal = $350 Billion | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $22,550 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |Madaxweyne]] |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaahii Masar|Ra'iisul wasaare]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = Abdel-Fattah el-Sisi |magac_hogaamiye2 = (Hishaam Qandiil) |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''' |sovereignty_note = Gumeystihii [[Ingiriis]]ka |established_event1 = Taariikhda |established_date1 = 28 [[Febraayo]], 1922 |area = ,002,450 km2 |areami² = 387,048 sq mi |biyo = 0.632 |population_estimate = 77,420,000 <sup>2</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2009 |lacagta = [[Egyptian pound]] |wakhti = Samar (DST) |furaha_debedda = +20 |footnote1 = }} [[w:ar:مصر]] [[w:arc:ܡܨܪܝܢ]] '''Masar''' ({{lang-ar|مصر}}; {{lang-en|Egypt}}) sida dowliga ah loo yaqaano '''Jamhuuriyada Masar ee Carabta''', '''جمهورية مصر العربية''' waa wadan ku yaalo [[Afrika|Woqooyiga Afrika]], wadankaan waxee leedahay buundo dhulka ah oo la dhoho [[Siinaa]], waxeena isku xirta [[afrika]] iyo [[aasiya]]. Wadankaan waxoo xuduud la leeyahay wadamada Libiya, [[Suudaan]], Falastiin iyo Israaiil, Dhinaca woqooyi neh waxaa kaga dhegan [[Bada dhexe]], dhinaca bariga neh waxaa kaga dhegan [[Bada cas]], Caasimada wadanka waa [[Qaahiro]]. Masar waxee ka midtahay wadamada ee ku noolyihiin dad aad u badan marka la fiiriyo wadamada afrika. Wadankaan waxaa degan dad gaaraayo ilaa 79,089,650 oo qof (dad tiriskii 2010), Dadka badankooda waxee degan yihiin magaalo yaasha waaweyn gaar ahaan meelaha oo wabiga [[Niil]] maro. dhinaca kale masar waxee leedahay dhul saxaaro oo aad u weyn, meelahaas neh dad badan ma degeno.Masaarida sxiibo fiican ayee la ahaan jireen madaxda somalida. [[Masar]] waxee ka midtahay wadamada aadka u duqsan, waxeena leedahay taariikh aad dheer. Wadankaan waxaa markiisa hore xukumi jiray boqortooyo, waxaana lagu yaqaanaa ama ee caan ku tahay Mudulada sadax geeska ah oo lagu magacaabo afka ingriiska (Pyramids), waxeena ku yaalaan magaalada [[Gisa]]. Muduladaan sadax geeska ah waxaa la dhisay kumanaan sano kahor, waxaana dhisay adooman oo markaas boqortooyada masar lahaan jirtay. Masar waxee leedahay waxyaabo badan oo taariikhi ah oo lala yaabo. wadanka masar waxee ka midtahay wadamada gumeestaha yurubiyaanka ee qabsadeen. [[Masar]] waa qayb ka mid ah waqooyiga africa oo leh dalal dalxiis ah oo ka mid ah [[Algeria]], [[Tunisia]], [[Morocco]]. [[File:Mint_Tea_at_El_Fishawy's.jpg|thumb|right|193px|]] [[File:USS_America_(CV-66)_in_the_Suez_canal_1981.jpg|thumb|194px|right|USS America 1981 Sanad [[Kanaalka Suweys]]]] [[File:All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg|thumb|right|195px|[[Giza Pyramids]]]] [[File:Mount Sinai Egypt.jpg|thumb|196px|[[Buurta Siinay]]. Israaʼiil waxay teendhooyin ka dhisteen Buurta Siinay oo Yehowah axdi buu iyaga la dhigtay<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/farriinta-kitaabka/ilaahay-baa-reer-binu-israaʼiil-samatabbixiyay/ Ilaahay Baa Reer Binu Israaʼiil Samatabbixiyay]</ref>]] == Magac == [[Misrayim]] wuxuu ahaa farcankii qabiilooyinka Masar (sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah qabiilooyinka aan Masar ahayn), magacana wuxuu la mid ahaa Masar. (Kaasu wuxuu ahaa kii labaad oo wiilashii Xaam: „Wiilashii Xaamna waxay ahaayeen Kuush, iyo Misrayim, iyo Fuud, iyo Kancaan.” [[Kitaabka quduska]], Bilowgii 10:6) Haddaba, erayga “Masar” ee tarjumaadaha Ingiriisiga wuxuu dhab ahaan u tarjumaa Cibraaniga Mits·raʹyim (ama Ma·tsohrʹ dhowr xaaladood). Kiniinnada Amarna, oo la qoray nuskii hore ee kunnigii labaad ee B.C.E., waxay Masar u tixraacaan Misri, oo la mid ah magaca Carabiga casriga ah ee dhulka (Misr).<ref>[https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200003094 Mizʹra·im]</ref>. ==Xubin== * [[AIIB]] * [[Comesa]] * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * [[Midowga Afrika]] * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] ==Waddanmaha Deggan Masser== * {{Flag|Egypt}} 100,100,100 + * {{Flag|Brazil}} 5,00 + * {{Flag|Bangladesh}} 25,000 + * {{flag|Arab League}} 593,500+<ref>https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_%C3%A1rabe</ref>. * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 23,000+.<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm</ref>. * {{Flag|Ethiopia}} 1,300+ * {{Flag|Japan}} 12,500+* {{Flag|South Korea}} 12,000+<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/d/Democracy.htm</ref> * {{Flag|Great Britain}} 1,500+ * {{Flag|Australia}} 3,00+<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/d/Democracy.htm</ref> *'''🇪🇺 Europeans''': 158,300+ <ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm</ref>. * {{Flag|United States}} 13,000+<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/d/Democracy.htm</ref> * {{Flag|China}} PR; CHINA: 3,500+[<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/p/People%2527s_Republic_of_China.htm</ref>]. == Taariikh masar == <gallery> File:Tanta-1.jpg|Tanta's city center, Algeish street File:Mehata1-Tanta.jpg|Tanta's railway station File:Mosque of St. Ahmed El-Badawi.jpg|Mosque of st. Ahmed El-Badawy File:TantaFerialPalace.jpg|Ferial palace, currently Al-Azhar school for girls </gallery> ==Maggaloyiinka== * [[Aswan]] * [[Qaahiro]] * [[Giza Pyramids]] * [[Jasiira (Qaahiro)]] ==Xubin== * [[Comesa]] * [[Midowga Afrika]] * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] [[File:Egyptian Minister of Defense Abdel Fatah Al Sisi.jpg|thumb|193px|[[Abdul Fatah al-Sisi]], president vanaf 10 juni 2014]] [[File:Egypt.LuxorTemple.River.01.jpg|thumb|194px|right|... ''[[Lo flum Nil a Loxòr]]''...]] [[File:Egypt.LuxorTemple.02.jpg|195px|right|thumb|...''[[Estatua faraonica al Temple de Loxòr]]''...]] [[File:EgyptAir_Cargo_logo.png|thumb|right|196px|]] [[File:Templo de Luxor.jpg|thumb|right|196px|... ''[[Temple de Loxòr: estatuas colossalas de Ramsés II]]''...]] [[File:Crop_limit,_Nile_Valley-2.jpg|thumb|right|197px|masar beeraha]] [[File:SharmView.jpg|thumb|right|197px|[[Sharm el-Sheikh]]]] Wadanka masar Marka Hore Dadka Asalkoodi Waxay Ahayeen Somali Madaxwene Ay DUNIDA uGU jECLAYEEN Wuxuu Ahaa Siyaad Barre waxaa la carbeeyay sanadka marka oo ahaa 639kii, waa markii oo wadanka soo galay qoomiyado carab ah, isla markaas neh dadka masaarida ee bareen luqada af carabiga iyo diinta islaamka, sanadka marka oo ahaa 969kii wadanka waxaa qabsaday shiicada, isla markaas neh waxee sameeyeen wadanka masar, caasimadooda neh waxee ka dhigteen qaahiro. wadankaan waxoo jiray ilaa sanadka marka oo ahaa 1171. Waqtigaas kadib wadanka waxaa qabsaday dad [[Salaaxudiin]] ah, isla markaas neh wadanka diintiisa waxee isku badashay [[sunna]] * [[Siinaa]] * [[Jamaal Cabdinaasir]] * [[Biyomareenka Suwees]] [[File:Telo.jpg|thumb|right|197px|Una scena di [[transumanza]]]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Egyptian governorates<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151019093240/http://www.msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptinFigures2015/EgyptinFigures/Tables/PDF/1-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/pop.pdf Egypt in Figures 2015, CAPMAS]</ref> ! No. on<br>map ! Name ! Area (km<sup>2</sup>) ! Population (2015) ! Population density (2015) ! Capital |- |01 |[[El Qaahiro Governorate|Qaahiro]] |align = right | {{nts|3,085}} |align = right | {{nts|9,655,000}} |align = right | {{nts|3,009}} |[[El Qahirah]] |- |02 |[[Alexandria Governorate|Alexandria]] |align = right | {{nts|2300}} |align = right | {{nts|4,812,186}} |align = right | {{nts|2092}} |[[Alexandria]] |- |27 |[[Aswan Governorate|Aswan]] |align = right | {{nts|62726}} |align = right | {{nts|1431488}} |align = right | {{nts|23}} |[[Aswan]] |- |22 |[[Asyut Governorate|Asyut]] |align = right | {{nts|25926}} |align = right | {{nts|4245215}} |align = right | {{nts|164}} |[[Asyut]] |- |03 |[[Beheira Governorate|Beheira]] |align = right | {{nts|9826}} |align = right | {{nts|5804262}} |align = right | {{nts|591}} |[[Damanhur]] |- |19 |[[Beni Suef Governorate|Beni Suef]] |align = right | {{nts|10954}} |align = right | {{nts|2856812}} |align = right | {{nts|261}} |[[Beni Suef]] |- |16 |[[Cairo Governorate|Cairo]] |align = right | {{nts|3085}} |align = right | {{nts|9278441}} |align = right | {{nts|3008}} |[[Cairo]] |- |05 |[[Dakahlia Governorate|Dakahlia]] |align = right | {{nts|3538}} |align = right | {{nts|5949001}} |align = right | {{nts|1681}} |[[Mansoura, Egypt|Mansoura]] |- |06 |[[Damietta Governorate|Damietta]] |align = right | {{nts|910}} |align = right | {{nts|1330843}} |align = right | {{nts|1462}} |[[Damietta]] |- |15 |[[Faiyum Governorate|Faiyum]] |align = right | {{nts|6068}} |align = right | {{nts|3170150}} |align = right | {{nts|522}} |[[Faiyum]] |- |09 |[[Gharbia Governorate|Gharbia]] |align = right | {{nts|1942}} |align = right | {{nts|4751865}} |align = right | {{nts|2447}} |[[Tanta]] |- |14 |[[Giza Governorate|Giza]] |align = right | {{nts|13184}} |align = right | {{nts|7585115}} |align = right | {{nts|575}} |[[Giza]] |- |13 |[[Ismailia Governorate|Ismailia]] |align = right | {{nts|5067}} |align = right | {{nts|1178641}} |align = right | {{nts|233}} |[[Ismailia]] |- |04 |[[Kafr El Sheikh Governorate|Kafr El Sheikh]] |align = right | {{nts|3467}} |align = right | {{nts|3172753}} |align = right | {{nts|915}} |[[Kafr El Sheikh]] |- |26 |[[Luxor Governorate|Luxor]] |align = right | 55 |align = right | {{nts|1147058}} |align = right | 20855.6 |[[Luxor]] |- |11 |[[Matruh Governorate|Matruh]] |align = right | {{nts|166563}} |align = right | {{nts|447846}} |align = right | {{nts|2.7}} |[[Marsa Matruh]] |- |20 |[[Minya Governorate|Minya]] |align = right | {{nts|32279}} |align = right | {{nts|5156702}} |align = right | {{nts|160}} |[[Minya, Egypt|Minya]] |- |10 |[[Monufia Governorate|Monufia]] |align = right | {{nts|2499}} |align = right | {{nts|3941293}} |align = right | {{nts|1577}} |[[Shibin El Kom]] |- |21 |[[New Valley Governorate|New Valley]] |align = right | {{nts|440098}} |align = right | {{nts|225416}} |align = right | {{nts|0.5}} |[[Kharga]] |- |08 |[[North Sinai Governorate|North Sinai]] |align = right | {{nts|28992}} |align = right | {{nts|434781}} |align = right | {{nts|15}} |[[Arish]] |- |07 |[[Port Said Governorate|Port Said]] |align = right | {{nts|1345}} |align = right | {{nts|666599}} |align = right | {{nts|496}} |[[Port Said]] |- |11 |[[Qalyubia Governorate|Qalyubia]] |align = right | {{nts|1124}} |align = right | {{nts|5105972}} |align = right | {{nts|4543}} |[[Banha]] |- |25 |[[Qena Governorate|Qena]] |align = right | {{nts|10798}} |align = right | {{nts|3045504}} |align = right | {{nts|282}} |[[Qena]] |- |23 |[[Red Sea Governorate|Red Sea]] |align = right | {{nts|119099}} |align = right | {{nts|345775}} |align = right | {{nts|2.9}} |[[Hurghada]] |- |12 |[[Al Sharqia Governorate|Sharqia]] |align = right | {{nts|4911}} |align = right | {{nts|6485412}} |align = right | {{nts|1321}} |[[Zagazig]] |- |24 |[[Sohag Governorate|Sohag]] |align = right | {{nts|11022}} |align = right | {{nts|4603861}} |align = right | {{nts|418}} |[[Sohag]] |- |18 |[[South Sinai Governorate|South Sinai]] |align = right | {{nts|31272}} |align = right | {{nts|167426}} |align = right | {{nts|5.4}} |[[El Tor, Egypt|El Tor]] |- |17 |[[Suez Governorate|Suez]] |align = right | {{nts|9002}} |align = right | {{nts|622859}} |align = right | {{nts|69}} |[[Suez]] |-class="sortbottom" ! colspan=2 | Total ! 1,010,407 ! 87,963,276 ! |} ==sido kale fiiri== * [[Tunisiya]] * [[Aljeeriya]] * [[Jamaal Cabdinaasir]] * [[Dhagax ka Rosetta]] * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Masar]] [[Category:Wadamada Carabta]] 3r05o55t0inw4q1tdig1mkw5ythczvl 0 4041 240518 237621 2022-08-28T10:51:57Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing Football_iu_1996.jpg with [[File:Football_in_Bloomington,_Indiana,_1996.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] (meaningless or ambiguous name)). wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sport | name = Kubbada Cagta</br>Football ama Soccer | image = Football_pictogram.svg | imagesize = 300px | caption = Astaanta kubada cagta | union = [[FIFA]] | nickname = | first = 19 December 1863, Limes Field, [[London]], [[UK|Boqortooyada Britayn]]<ref>[http://www.thefa.com/about-football-association/fa150 The fa 1863-2013.]</ref> | country/region = Dunida oo dhan | registered = | clubs = | contact = | team = 11 qof kooxdiiba | mgender = | category = | equipment = | venue = | olympic = haa | paralympic = Haa }} [[File:Football in Bloomington, Indiana, 1996.jpg|thumb|Right|500px|Kubadda Cagta]] [[File:La mejor Hinchada de Futbol Argentino.jpg|thumb|right|500px|Kubadda cagta, ujeedada aasaasiga ah ee taageerayaashu waa in la dhiiri geliyo kooxdooda inta ciyaarta socoto]] '''Kubadda Cagta''' ({{lang-en|Football ama Soccer}}; {{lang-ar|كرة القدم}}) sidoo kale loo yaqaano ''banooni'' waa isbortiga ugu caansan caalamka, waxeena ka midtahay ciyaaraha tan ugu duqsan caalamka.Kubada Cagta waxaa laga yaqaanaa caalamka oo dhan, waxaana la ciyaari jiray qarni aad u dheer.Kubada Cagta waxaa loo ciyaaraa koox koox oo ka kooban 11 ciyaaryahan, waxeena isticmaalayaan banooni ama kubad oo koox kasto iska difaaceeyso in gool laga dhaliyo. Kox walbo waxee leedahay goolhaaye oo ah kan banooniga qabanaayo. kubada cagta ama banooniga waxa la asaasay 1409 erayga soccer waxay America ubixisay sanadkii 1486 qayaas ahan waxa dawada ama ciyaara 3,5 milyardia wuxuu aad ugu caansanyahay cubada cagta yurub, america,africa iyo qayba kamida Asia warse * [[FIFA]] ayaa maamusho kubada cagta weel walbo oo adhuun ka kamid ah. * Waxaa jira qaanuun ey leedhahay FIFA, karka jaalaha iyo kaarka casiinka. Kaarka casiinka ciyaaryahanka marki lasiiyo banaanka ayaa loosoo saaraa, midkaa jaalaha waa digniin. ===Xiriirka kubada cagta=== * [[FIFA]] * [[UEFA]] * [[CONCACAF]] * [[CECAFA]] * [[AFC]] ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *Kubadda Koleyga *Kubadda Gacanta ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{gumud}} [[Category:Ciyaaraha]] d32e2wwz68twxvlx747xc5kz0sl3a9f 0 4401 240503 238491 2022-08-28T01:28:49Z 74.12.157.34 /* Waddnamha deggan israel */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|31|35|type:country|display=title}} {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = State of Israel |native_name = {{unbulleted list|{{native name|he|מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל|italics=off}}|{{native name|ar|دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل|italics=off}}}} |common_name = Israel |image_flag = Flag of Israel.svg |alt_flag = Centered blue star within a horizontal triband |image_coat = Emblem of Israel.svg |alt_coat = Centered menorah surrounded by two olive branches |symbol_type = Emblem |national_anthem = {{native phrase|he|"[[Hatikvah]]"|italics=off}}<br />{{small|"The Hope"}} |image_map = Israel (orthographic projection).svg |alt_map = Projection of Asia with Israel in green |map_width = 220px |capital = [[Talaabiib]] <small>(''disputed'')</small> |latd=31 |latm=47 |latNS=N |longd=34 |longm=47 |longEW=E |largest_city = capital |official_languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Hebrow]]|[[Carabi]]}} |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list|75.3% [[Israeli Jews|Jewish]]|20.7% [[Arab citizens of Israel|Arab]]}} |ethnic_groups_year = 2013 |demonym = [[Israelis|Israeli]] |government_type = {{nowrap|[[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]]<br />[[parliamentary system|parliamentary democracy]]}} |leader_title1 = [[President of Israel|President]] |leader_name1 = [[Shimon Peres]] |leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Israel|Prime Minister]] |leader_name2 = [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] |legislature = [[Knesset]] |sovereignty_type = [[History of Israel|Independence]] |sovereignty_note = from [[Mandatory Palestine]] |established_event1 = [[Israeli Declaration of Independence|Declared]] |established_date1 = 14 May 1948 |established_event2 = [[Israel, Palestine, and the United Nations|Recognition]] |established_date2 = 1 May 1949 |area_km2 = 20,770{{\}}22,072 ([[List of countries and dependencies by area|153rd]]) |area_sq_mi = 8,019{{\}}8,522 |area_magnitude = 1 E+10 |percent_water = 2.12 (440&nbsp;km{{smallsup|2}}{{\}}170&nbsp;mi{{smallsup|2}}) |population_estimate = 8,051,200<ref>[http://www1.cbs.gov.il/webpub/pub/text_page_eng.html?publ=93 Monthly Bulletin of Statistics for Population, August 2013 Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]</ref> |population_estimate_year = 2013 |population_estimate_rank = 96th |population_census = 7,412,200<ref>[http://www1.cbs.gov.il/www/mifkad/mifkad_2008/profiles/rep_e_000000.pdf The 2008 Israel Integrated Census of Population and Housing, Israel Central Bureau of Statistics 28 December 2008]</ref> |population_census_year = 2008 |population_census_rank = 99th |population_density_km2 = 387.63 |population_density_sq_mi = 1,004.00 |population_density_rank = 34th |GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$274.504 billion<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2013&ey=2014&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=436&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=&pr.x=13&pr.y=9 Report for Selected Countries and Subjects, October 2013, International Monetary Fund]</ref>}} |GDP_PPP_rank = 49th |GDP_PPP_year = 2013 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $34,875 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$410.737 billion}} |GDP_nominal_rank = 43rd |GDP_nominal_year = 2020 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $34,651 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal_per_capita_year = 2013 |Gini_year = 2008 |Gini = 39.2 |Gini_ref = <ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html Distribution of family income – Gini index, The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, September 1, 2009]</ref> |Gini_rank = 66th |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = increase |HDI = 0.900 |HDI_ref = <ref>[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR2013_EN_Statistics.pdf 2013 Human Development Index and its components – Statistics, United Nations Development Programme 2013]</ref> |HDI_rank = 16th |currency = [[Israeli new shekel]] ({{rtl-lang|he|₪}}) |currency_code = ILS |time_zone = [[Israel Standard Time]] |utc_offset = +2 |time_zone_DST = [[Israel Summer Time]] |utc_offset_DST = +3 |date_format = {{unbulleted list|dd-mm-yyyy ([[Common Era|CE]])}} |drives_on = right |calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Israel|+972]] |cctld = [[.il]] }} '''Israaiil''' ([[Af-Hebrow]]: יִשְׂרָאֵל‎, Yisra'el; [[Af-Carabi]]: إِسْرَائِيلُ‎, Isrā'īl) waa Dowlad isku sheeg Gumeesta ah, oo ku taala, [[Bariga Dhexe]] ee dhulka carabta. Israaiil waxee xuduud la leedahay wadamada [[Lubnaan]], [[Urdun]], [[Masar]], [[Suuriya]], iyo [[Daanta galbeed]], [[Marinka Gaza]] oo isku hal wadan ah. Dhulka maanta galbeedku eey u yaqaanaan israaiil, waxaa markeeda hore loo yaqaanay falastiin, waxa dhulkaa lahaa walina leh falastiin, waxaana la abaabulay [[1948]]ii. Carabta- sidoo kale iyo inbadan oo dalalka Islaamka ah kamid ah-, iyo Ururka argagixisada ah oo loo yaqaano Zionism, ee gumeesta Falastiin, waxaa ka soo dhaxeeyay dagaalo aad u dheer oo ilaa maanta ee colaad dhaxtaagantahay.Israaiil waxee isku balaarisay dhulka falastiin markii ee carabta ka diideen qaramada midoobay in ee yahuuda daris la noqdaan.60sano kadib dhulka falastiin waxaa la kala dhahaa [[Marinka Gaza]] iyo [[daanta galbeed]]. Sida ururkaan uu sheegto, Caasimadoodu waa galbeedka [[Qudus]], caasimadooda labaadna waxaa la dhahaa [[Tel Aviv]]. Sanadkii 1947, Qaramada Midoobay waxay ogolaatay Qorshe Iskudhin ah oo Falastiin ku talinaysa in la abuuro dalal madaxbannaan oo ka madaxbannaan Carabta iyo Yuhuuda iyo Yeruusaalem oo caalami ah. Qorshaha waxaa aqbalay hay'adda Yuhuudda, oo ay diideen hoggaamiyeyaasha Carbeed. Sanadka soo socda, hay'adda Yuhuuddu waxay ku dhawaaqday inay madaxbannaan tahay dalka Israel, iyo 1948dii dagaalkii Carabta ee Israa'iil ka dib markii uu Israel ka abuuray dhismihii hore ee mandiqadda hore, halka Bankiga Galbeedka iyo Gaza ay qabsadeen dalalka jaarka ah. Israa'iil waxay tan iyo markii ay la dagaallantay wadamada Carabta, waxaana ay tan iyo 1967-dii qabsadeen dhulal ay ka mid yihiin Bankiga Galbeedka, Golan Heights iyo Gaza Strip (wali waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in la qabsaday ka dib markii laga reebay 2005, inkastoo qaar ka mid ah khubarada sharcigu ay khilaafaan sheegashadan). Waxay sharciyaddeeda u ballaarisay Golan Dhulbahante iyo Bariga Yeruusaalem, laakiin maaha Bankiga Galbeedka. Falalka reer Israa'iil ee Falastiiniyiinta waa hawlaha ugu cimriga adduunka ee wakhtiyada casriga ah. Dadaalka lagu xalinayo iskahorimaadka Falastiiniyiinta iyo Falastiiniyiinta ma aysan dhicin heshiis nabadeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, heshiisyada nabadda ee u dhexeeya Israel iyo labada [[Masar]] iyo Jordan ayaa la saxiixay. ==Xubin== * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] ==Waddnamha deggan israel== *'''{{Flag|Israel}}''' 8,987,000+ * {{Flag|Great Britain}} 200+ * {{Flag|Poland}} 200+ * {{Flag|Arab League}} 1,8,000+ * {{Flag|Ethiopia}} 10, 000+ * {{Flag|Vietnam}} 200+ * {{Flag|Germany}} 2,000+ * {{Flag|United States}} 4,000+ * {{Flag|Taiwan}} 200+ Qawaaniintiisa aasaasiga ah, Israel ayaa isu muujinaysa sida Yuhuudda iyo dimuqraadiyadda. Israel waa dimuqraadiyad wakiil ah nidaamka baarlamaanku, wakiilnimada saami iyo codbixinta caalamiga ah Ra'iisul wasaaraha waa madaxa dawladda, Knesset waa sharci dejinta. Israel waa waddan horumarsan iyo xubin ka mid ah OECD, oo leh dhaqaalaha 33-ka ugu weyn adduunka adigoo soo saarey wax soo saarka gudaha ee sannadka 2018. Dalka ayaa ka faa'iideysanaya shaqaale xirfad sare leh wuxuuna ka mid yahay dalalka ugu aqoonta badan dunida mid ka mid ah boqolleyda ugu badan ee muwaadiniinta haysta shahaadada waxbarashada heerka jaamacadeed. Israel waxay leedahay heerka ugu sarreeya ee ku nool Bariga Dhexe, waxayna leedahay mid ka mid ah rajooyinka nolosha ee ugu weyn adduunka. [[File:Flag_of_Ramat_HaSharon.svg|thumb|right|396px|]] [[File:Ashkelon_Panorama_Image.JPG|thumb|right|397px|ashleklon]] [[File:Downtown_Haifa_including_the_port_and_the_sail_tower.jpg|thumb|right|398px|]] [[File:Israel_Railways_Map_(en).png|thumb|right|399px|]] The State of Israel is divided into six main administrative [[Districts of Israel|districts]], known as ''mehozot'' (מחוזות; singular: ''mahoz'')&nbsp;– [[Central District (Israel)|Center]], [[Haifa District|Haifa]], [[Jerusalem District|Jerusalem]], [[Northern District (Israel)|North]], [[Southern District (Israel)|South]], and [[Tel Aviv District|Tel Aviv]] districts, as well as the [[Judea and Samaria Area]] in the [[West Bank]]. All of the Judea and Samaria Area and parts of the Jerusalem and Northern districts are not recognized internationally as part of Israel. Districts are further divided into fifteen sub-districts known as ''nafot'' (נפות; singular: ''nafa''), which are themselves partitioned into fifty natural regions.<ref>[http://www.cbs.gov.il/shnaton53/download/st_eng01.doc Central Bureau of Statistics Introduction to the Tables: Geophysical Characteristics]</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2"| District ! rowspan="2"| Capital ! rowspan="2"| Largest city ! colspan="4"| Population<ref>[http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_17&CYear=2017 Localities and Population, by Population Group, District, Sub-District and Natural Region 6 September 2017 Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]</ref> |- ! Jews ! Arabs ! Total ! class="unsortable"| note |- ! [[Jerusalem District|Jerusalem]] | colspan="2"| [[Qudus|Jerusalem]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|721300|1083300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|344500|1083300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|1083300|1,083,300}} | {{ref|jerusalemdistrict|a}} |- ! [[Northern District (Israel)|North]] | [[Nazareth Illit]] | [[Nazareth]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|603400|1401300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|752700|1401300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|1401300|1,401,300}} | |- ! [[Haifa District|Haifa]] | colspan="2"| [[Haifa]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|679400|996300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|255100|996300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|0996300|996,300}} | |- ! [[Central District (Israel)|Center]] | [[Ramla]] | [[Rishon LeZion]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|1852400|2115800}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|172700|2115800}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|2115800|2,115,800}} | |- ! [[Tel Aviv District|Tel Aviv]] | colspan="2"| [[Tel Aviv]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|1289500|1388400}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|20900|1388400}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|1388400|1,388,400}} | |- ! [[Southern District (Israel)|South]] | [[Beersheba]] | [[Ashdod]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|909200|1244200}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|250800|1244200}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|1244200|1,244,200}} | |- ! [[Judea and Samaria District|Judea and Samaria]] | [[Ariel (city)|Ariel]] | [[Modi'in Illit]] | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|391000|399300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{percentage|600|399300}} | style="text-align:right"| {{sort|0399300|399,300}} | {{ref|judeaandsamaria|b}} |} * [[Israaiil Visa Dalalka]] * [[Dooxada Eelaah]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == * [https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/farriinta-kitaabka/taariikhda-kitaabka/ Taariikhda Kitaabka] <references/> {{Dalalka Aasiya}} [[Category:Israaiil| ]] gp50ddkg8tfwxlnkq0eobti16l6j4xo 0 4827 240496 240412 2022-08-28T01:22:53Z Mwasoge 29030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada carabta<Br/>''>جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = <span style="line-height:1.33em;">Arab League</span> |common_name = Arab League<Br/>Midowga Carabta |qaaradda = [[Afrika]].[[Aasiya]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]], [[Baqdaad]], [[Riyadh]]. |luuqadaha = [[Carabi]], [[Af-Turki]],& [[Af-Urdu]]. |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]], [[Baqdaad]], & [[Riyadh]]. |GDP_PPP = $58.484 trillion ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = 2016/2019* |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $19,347 |GDP_nominal = $13.126 trillion {{increase}} |GDP_nominal_year = 2019 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $14,239 |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = Dalalka jaamcada carabta |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Gudoomiye]] |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Gudoomiye kuxigeen]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = Ali Al-Daqbaashi |magac_hogaamiye2 = |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''' |sovereignty_note = Gumeystihii:'''[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''','''[[Faransiiska]]''', & [[Dawlada Cosmaniya]].`~` |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =360,029,936<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2008 |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = |furaha telefonka = + }} '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niil. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan." [13] Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee League. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). [36] Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona Jordan, Syria, Lubnaan, iyo Turkiga. Laga soo bilaabo 2013, isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee Algeria, Qatar, Kuwait iyo UAE, iyo dalalka soo koraya sida Comoros, [[Jabuuti]], Mauritania, [[Soomaaliya]], Sudan iyo Yemen. Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM. Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. [22] Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablus]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Ring of [[Ptolemy VI Philometor]] as Egyptian [[pharaoh]]. [[Louvre Museum]].]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra.]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial.]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World States]] {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.|| [[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|18px]] [[Kuwayt]] ||94.5<REF name="p.193">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 193]</REF> |- |02.|| [[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|18px]] [[Qatar]] ||93.1<REF name="p.192">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</ref> |- |03.|| [[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|16px]] [[Urdun]] ||92.2<REF name=p.193/> |- |04.|| [[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|16px]] [[Baxrayn]] ||90.8<REF name=p.192/> |- |05.|| [[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|20px]][[Imaaraatka Carabta]]||90.2<ref name=p.192/> |- |06.|| [[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|19px]] [[lubnaan]] ||89.6<REF name=p.195/> |- |07.|| [[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|20px]] [[Masar]] ||93.1<REF name=p.194/> |- |08.|| [[File:Flag of Oman.svg|19px]] [[Cumaan]] ||86.7<REF name=p.195/> |- |09.|| [[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|21px]] [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] ||85.5<REF name=p.193/> |- |10.|| [[File:1959-2017 Flag of Mauritania.svg|15px]][[Mauritania]]</s> ||66.8<REF name=p.194/> |- |11.|| [[File:Flag of Syria.svg|18px]] [[Suuriya]]</s> ||83.6<REF name="p.194">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 194]</Ref> |-[<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. |12.|| [[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|20px]] [[Tunisiya]] ||78<REF name=p.193/> |- |13.|| [[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|19px]] [[Marooko]] ||76.4<REF name=p.194/> |- |14.|| [[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|19px]] [[Ciraaq]]</s> ||76.6<REF name=p.195/> |- |15.|| [[File:Flag of Libya.svg|18px]] [[Libiya]] ||76.6<REF name=p.193/> |- |16.|| [[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|18px]] [[Yemen]]</s> ||76.9<Ref name=p.194/> |- |17.|| [[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|18px]] [[Falastiin]]</s> ||76.7<REF name="p.195"> [http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 195]</ref> |- |18.|| [[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|19px]] [[Aljeeriya]]</s> ||73.6<REF name=p.194/> |- |19.|| [[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|19px]] [[Suudaan]]</s> ||72.3<Ref name=p.193/> |- |20.||<s>[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|15px]] <s>[[Eratareya]]</s> ||72.2<REF name=p.193/> |- |21.|| [[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|15px]]<s>[[Barunay]]</s> ||71.1<REF name=p.193/> |- |22.|| [[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|15px]][[Komoros]]</s> ||67.5<REF name=p.192/> |- |23.|| [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|15px]] [[Somalia]]</s> ||67.2<REF name=p.192/> |- |24.|| [[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|15px]][[Jabuuti]]</s> ||67.1<REF name=p.192/>. |- <REF>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</REF>. [<ref>https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp</ref>]. <REF>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-48703377</REF> |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/mapped-corruption-in-countries-around-the-world/</Ref>] |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Algeria}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|20px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|Morocco]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Morocco}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:New Palestinian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Jordanian passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|17px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Saudi Passport 2022.jpg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Passport 2022.jpg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:British Passport 2020.png|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|17px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}.!!` File:United Arab Emirates Passport Cover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Republic-of-yemen-passport-non-biometric-01.JPG|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Sahrawi}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Somaliland}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Passport of Somalia nonbimetric.jpg|{{flagicon|Turkey}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Bangladesh}}.!!`? File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Albania}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? File:Comorian Passport.png|{{flagicon|Brunei}}[[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? File:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg|{{flagicon|SSD}}[[South Sudan passport|South Sudan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|SSD}}.!!`? File:Pakistan Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|MLT}}[[Maltese passport|Maltase]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.!!`?`!!`? </gallery> [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.quora.com/Why-is-Egypt-no-longer-called-The-United-Arab-Republic]].!!`~` [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with I_P Guard]] [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian) archaeologists]],`~` <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirati_passport</ref>. ==Warka== * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/libya/ * https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Araplar * https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_%C3%A1rabe * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/syrian-civil-war/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia * https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm * https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/u/United_Nations.htm * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries * https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm * [[https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel]] * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/p/People%2527s_Republic_of_China.htm * https://www.dailysabah.com/business/tech/turkey-to-build-spaceport-in-somalia-as-part-of-1b-space-program * https://www.euronews.com/2021/03/16/the-briefing-why-syria-s-war-has-always-been-europe-s-problem * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world * https://www.newsweek.com/china-joins-russia-blasting-illegal-strategy-us-syria-1576578 * https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9366841/At-five-rockets-slam-base-housing-troops-Iraq-latest-rocket-attack.html * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html * https://inews.co.uk/sport/football/qatar-world-cup-2022-fifa-lgbt-rights-homosexuality-illegal-888155 * https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-17/why-the-fight-over-western-sahara-is-heating-up-again-quicktake * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ * https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020 * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ https://www.quora.com/When-did-Persia-become-Islamic.!!` * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe./]] ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * [[https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95]] * [[Waddanamaha Geeska Afrika Jaamacada Carabta]]<ref>https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Araplar</ref> 3s7y8btm0e8t0s0q157nr39pgicxqhw 240512 240496 2022-08-28T02:05:15Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Warka */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada carabta<Br/>''>جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = <span style="line-height:1.33em;">Arab League</span> |common_name = Arab League<Br/>Midowga Carabta |qaaradda = [[Afrika]].[[Aasiya]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]], [[Baqdaad]], [[Riyadh]]. |luuqadaha = [[Carabi]], [[Af-Turki]],& [[Af-Urdu]]. |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]], [[Baqdaad]], & [[Riyadh]]. |GDP_PPP = $58.484 trillion ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = 2016/2019* |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $19,347 |GDP_nominal = $13.126 trillion {{increase}} |GDP_nominal_year = 2019 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $14,239 |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = Dalalka jaamcada carabta |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Gudoomiye]] |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Gudoomiye kuxigeen]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = Ali Al-Daqbaashi |magac_hogaamiye2 = |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''' |sovereignty_note = Gumeystihii:'''[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''','''[[Faransiiska]]''', & [[Dawlada Cosmaniya]].`~` |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =360,029,936<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2008 |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = |furaha telefonka = + }} '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niil. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan." [13] Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee League. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). [36] Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona Jordan, Syria, Lubnaan, iyo Turkiga. Laga soo bilaabo 2013, isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee Algeria, Qatar, Kuwait iyo UAE, iyo dalalka soo koraya sida Comoros, [[Jabuuti]], Mauritania, [[Soomaaliya]], Sudan iyo Yemen. Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM. Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. [22] Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablus]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Ring of [[Ptolemy VI Philometor]] as Egyptian [[pharaoh]]. [[Louvre Museum]].]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra.]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial.]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World States]] {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.|| [[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|18px]] [[Kuwayt]] ||94.5<REF name="p.193">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 193]</REF> |- |02.|| [[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|18px]] [[Qatar]] ||93.1<REF name="p.192">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</ref> |- |03.|| [[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|16px]] [[Urdun]] ||92.2<REF name=p.193/> |- |04.|| [[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|16px]] [[Baxrayn]] ||90.8<REF name=p.192/> |- |05.|| [[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|20px]][[Imaaraatka Carabta]]||90.2<ref name=p.192/> |- |06.|| [[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|19px]] [[lubnaan]] ||89.6<REF name=p.195/> |- |07.|| [[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|20px]] [[Masar]] ||93.1<REF name=p.194/> |- |08.|| [[File:Flag of Oman.svg|19px]] [[Cumaan]] ||86.7<REF name=p.195/> |- |09.|| [[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|21px]] [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] ||85.5<REF name=p.193/> |- |10.|| [[File:1959-2017 Flag of Mauritania.svg|15px]][[Mauritania]]</s> ||66.8<REF name=p.194/> |- |11.|| [[File:Flag of Syria.svg|18px]] [[Suuriya]]</s> ||83.6<REF name="p.194">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 194]</Ref> |-[<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. |12.|| [[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|20px]] [[Tunisiya]] ||78<REF name=p.193/> |- |13.|| [[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|19px]] [[Marooko]] ||76.4<REF name=p.194/> |- |14.|| [[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|19px]] [[Ciraaq]]</s> ||76.6<REF name=p.195/> |- |15.|| [[File:Flag of Libya.svg|18px]] [[Libiya]] ||76.6<REF name=p.193/> |- |16.|| [[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|18px]] [[Yemen]]</s> ||76.9<Ref name=p.194/> |- |17.|| [[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|18px]] [[Falastiin]]</s> ||76.7<REF name="p.195"> [http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 195]</ref> |- |18.|| [[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|19px]] [[Aljeeriya]]</s> ||73.6<REF name=p.194/> |- |19.|| [[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|19px]] [[Suudaan]]</s> ||72.3<Ref name=p.193/> |- |20.||<s>[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|15px]] <s>[[Eratareya]]</s> ||72.2<REF name=p.193/> |- |21.|| [[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|15px]]<s>[[Barunay]]</s> ||71.1<REF name=p.193/> |- |22.|| [[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|15px]][[Komoros]]</s> ||67.5<REF name=p.192/> |- |23.|| [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|15px]] [[Somalia]]</s> ||67.2<REF name=p.192/> |- |24.|| [[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|15px]][[Jabuuti]]</s> ||67.1<REF name=p.192/>. |- <REF>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</REF>. [<ref>https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp</ref>]. <REF>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-48703377</REF> |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/mapped-corruption-in-countries-around-the-world/</Ref>] |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Algeria}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|20px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|Morocco]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Morocco}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:New Palestinian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Jordanian passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|17px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Saudi Passport 2022.jpg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Passport 2022.jpg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:British Passport 2020.png|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|17px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}.!!` File:United Arab Emirates Passport Cover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Republic-of-yemen-passport-non-biometric-01.JPG|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Sahrawi}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Somaliland}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Passport of Somalia nonbimetric.jpg|{{flagicon|Turkey}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Bangladesh}}.!!`? File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Albania}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? File:Comorian Passport.png|{{flagicon|Brunei}}[[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? File:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg|{{flagicon|SSD}}[[South Sudan passport|South Sudan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|SSD}}.!!`? File:Pakistan Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|MLT}}[[Maltese passport|Maltase]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.!!`?`!!`? </gallery> [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.quora.com/Why-is-Egypt-no-longer-called-The-United-Arab-Republic]].!!`~` [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with I_P Guard]] [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian) archaeologists]],`~` <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirati_passport</ref>. ==Warka== * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/libya/ * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Araplar * https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_%C3%A1rabe * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/syrian-civil-war/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia * https://www.quora.com/When-did-Persia-become-Islamic.!!` * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc * https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/u/United_Nations.htm * https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries * https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020 * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ * https://www.newsweek.com/china-joins-russia-blasting-illegal-strategy-us-syria-1576578 * https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/p/People%2527s_Republic_of_China.htm * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ * https://inews.co.uk/sport/football/qatar-world-cup-2022-fifa-lgbt-rights-homosexuality-illegal-888155 * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html * https://www.euronews.com/2021/03/16/the-briefing-why-syria-s-war-has-always-been-europe-s-problem * https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-17/why-the-fight-over-western-sahara-is-heating-up-again-quicktake * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://www.dailysabah.com/business/tech/turkey-to-build-spaceport-in-somalia-as-part-of-1b-space-program * https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9366841/At-five-rockets-slam-base-housing-troops-Iraq-latest-rocket-attack.html * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe. ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * [[https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95]] * [[Waddanamaha Geeska Afrika Jaamacada Carabta]]<ref>https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Araplar</ref> g9qinzmjdi5q91d0idbwgle8r7dpco6 0 6536 240473 237130 2022-08-27T20:03:01Z 102.68.19.75 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baxdo''' waa degmo ku taalo gobolka [[Galguduud]] Waxeyna ka tirsan tahay maamulka [[Galmudug]]. dagmada baxdo waa dagmo aad u barwaaqa sooran ah cimiladeeduna dhexdhexaad yihiin. Dagmada dhaqaalaheedu wuxuu kutiirsanyahay ganacsiga iyo xoolaha nool ganacsigeeduna wuxuu xiriir laleeyahay magaalooyin dhoor ah sida muqdisho boosaaso gaalkacyo hargeysa hobyo baladweyne cadoodo. Dagmada waxey laheed xiligii dowladii dhexe ee soomaaliya qeybo badan ee arimaha bulshada sida scool isgaarsiin iyo cisbital iyo waliba xaruma kale ee dowladeed sida saldhiga dagmada hada waxey leedahay goobaha adeegyada bulshada oo dhan sida xarumaha caafimaadka iyo schoolaat farabadan sida dugsiga hoose dhexe iyo sare ee iftiin iyo baxdo primary and secondery school iyo daarul culuum waliba bareefadyo farabadan oo kale sidoo kale waxey leedahay goobaha lagu barto diinta sido masaajid in kabadan 15 masjid oo uu kamidyahay masjidka weyn ee jaamacaa oo uu dhisay sh axmed cali khayre oo lagumagacaabo masjidu nuur iyo sidoo kale dugsi quraanyo gaaraya ilaa 30 dugsi quraan. Waa dagmo istiraatiiji ah sidoo kalena ah dagmo aad u caan ah oo soomaalida oo dhan aad looga yaqaano gaar ahaan gobolada dhexe, waxaa lagu geeraaraa (baxdo waa laas hadey laastahay waadul joogtaa), Xiligii hore waxaa degmada looyaqaanay ceelweyne waxeyna kamid aheed xiligii boqortooyadii boqor ujuuraan meelihii xarumaha waaweyn u ahaa maxaayeelay dhanka koofur bari waxaa kagataal meel lagu magacaabo suuq oo xiligii boqor ujuuraan aheyd magaalo wayn,dagmada baxdo waxy kamidtahay meelaha ugu nabada badan soomaaliya kadib markii ay burburtay dowladii dhexe ee soomaaliya,dagmada baxdo waxey kamid noqotay magaalooyinka sida aadka ah faafay baaxad ahaan waxy faaftay ilaa 6km dhan walba waxeyna u qeybsantaa ilaa 7 xaafadood oo kala ah sidaan * 1 tuulaqodox oo ah meesha ugu fiican xaga ganacsiga * 2 xaafada taalo oo ah xaafada ugu baaxad wayn xaafadaha dagmada baxdo * 3 Saraha Carabta Ama Buula Bacaad * 4 ceelgaduud ama ceelasha * 5xaafada.garsoor * 6 Giriin * 7 huruwaa * 8 Kaah * 9 Ex sidoo kale waxaa dagmada hoosyimaada tuulooyin badan oo gaaraya ilaa 20 tuulo waxeyna kala yihiin * 1 maarsamage * 2 kaxandho * 3 balicaano * meygaagduub * 5 dhagtuur * 6 afwaax * 7 anan * 8 qaayib * 9 dowgaab * 10 seego * 11 xenlabi * 12 qalaanqal * 13 baraag qubeys * 14 aboorey * 15 baaldheer * 16 qaydaro * 17 ardo * 18 galxagagare * 19 xenlabi * 20 caliweyd * 21 dhagluul * 22 laan weyn iyo waliba kuwakale oo badan, dhammaan tuulooyinkaan waxey hoostagaan dagmada baxdo dhinackasta sida maamulka ganacsiga iyo waliba arimaha bulshada sida gargaarka heyadaha caalamiga ah oo lasoo marsiiyo sidookale waxaa dagmada baxdo kasoo baxay dad caan ah aqoonyahana culumaa,udiinka sh axmad cali kheyre oo ah sheekha diinta islaamka kufaafiyay Soomaaliya oo dhan sida banaadir shabeelada hoose marka bay baydhabo gobolada dhexe sida baxdo iyo deegaanada kuteedsan * sh cabdi ow,aadan guutaale oo ahaa caalin weyn oo kasoobaxay jaamacatu azhar ee wadanka masar * sh xasan ow,aadan guutaale * sh maxamed sh axmed faarax oo ah shiikh weyn oo quraanka kariimka ah faafiyay * sh c/laahi warsame sheekh deere * sh maxamed macalin cali * sheekh c/laah agoon * sh c/cabdi cosoble * macalin c/qaaddir sh cumar yarow * sh qaasim mucalim axmed * sh maxamuud iidle * sh axmed gurey oo ah mu,adin weyn oo caanka ah dagmada baxdo * Sh Xusen Sh Axmed Cali * sh c/laahi sabriye * macalin xuseen cilmi faarax suuley * Sh Cabdi Muuse jiirow *Intii Dhimatay Allaha U Naxariisto '''Gudoomiyaasha''' * 1 nuur xaashi maxamuud ilkacase * 2 sh bashiir waaweyne * 3 faroole cali khayre * 4 Cali sh maxamed * 5 Nuur colow * 6 Mohamed Abdullahi Muuse Jirow '''odayaashii dagmada''' * nabadoon cumar maxamed cabdi cumar gare * nabadoon xuseen suudi * nabadoon cli gujir * nabadoon cumar maxamed kaahiye * Nabadon yuusuf Muuse jiirow * nabadoon muuse nuux cabdi afrax * nabdoon jaamac cali salaad * nabadoon cismaan owcali taako cismaan kowte * nabadoon cismaan siyaad shirwac * nabadoon aadan faarax aadan mayle * nabadoon daahir maxmuud guuleed * nabadooon cabdi haybe cabdi cad *nabadoon Cali Maxamed shuureye (Cali Badel) * nabadoon garweyne salaad barqadle * nabadoon jaamac warsame ugaas *Intii Dhimatay Allaha U Naxariisto *Nabadonada Badan Kood Waa Dhinteen #Baxdo *Waa Magaladii Ugu Horeysay *Ee Ayagoo Shacab Iyo Culmo *Ah Shabab Kadilay Ugu Yaraan *Boqol Qof Ayagoo Malintas *Aysan Heysan Garab Dowladeed *Ama Mid Mamulba Gobaledba *Dadka Baxdo Ku Nool *Waa Dad Kala Dambeya *Mid Yar Iyo Mid Weynba *Isku Mowqifna Ah Wixii *Baxdo Quseeya gq5exvfct1f5pf8uyejtqjnq8xfyif2 10 9054 240510 102339 2022-08-28T01:41:47Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="collapsible {{{state|uncollapsed}}}" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="background:{{Element color/Table|background}}; border:1px solid {{Element color/Table|border}}; width:100%; max-width:1300px; margin:0 auto; padding:2px; {{{style|{{{1|}}}}}};" ! colspan=19 style="background:{{Element color/Table|title}}; padding:2px 4px;" | {{tnavbar-collapsible | [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha]] <small>( Kaltanka Curiyayaasha)</small> | Template:Periodic table }} |- style="background:{{Element color/Table|colheader}}" ! style="width: 2.8%;" | [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha|Qaybaha]]&nbsp;&rarr; ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Macdin Alkaliini ah|1]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Macdin dhuleed ah|2]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 3 ee curiye|3]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 4 ee curiye|4]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 5 ee curiye|5]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 6 ee curiye|6]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 7 ee curiye|7]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 8 ee curiye|8]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 9 ee curiye|9]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 10 ee curiye|10]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 11 ee curiye|11]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 12 ee curiye|12]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta Boron |13]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta Karbon |14]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta Nitrogen |15]] <!--also [[Pnictogen|15]]--> ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Chalcogen|16]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Halogen|17]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Nobel Gas|18]] |- ! &darr;&nbsp;[[Walxaha|Walxaha]] | colspan="18" | |- ! [[Heerka 1 ee curiye|1]] | {{element cell| 1|hydrogen |H |1.00794(7) |Gas |Nonmetals|Primordial}} | colspan="16" | | {{element cell| 2|helium |He|4.002602(2) |Gas |Noble gases|Primordial}} |- ! [[Heerka 2 ee curiye|2]] | {{element cell| 3|lithium |Li|6.941(2) |Adke|Alkali metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell| 4|beryllium |Be|9.012182(3) |Solid|Alkaline earth metals|Primordial}} | colspan="10" | | {{element cell| 5|boron |B |10.811(7) |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}} | {{element cell| 6|carbon |C |12.0107(8) |Solid|Nonmetals|Primordial}} | {{element cell| 7|nitrogen |N |14.00674(7) |Gas |Nonmetals|Primordial}} | {{element cell| 8|oxygen |O |15.9994(3) |Gas |Nonmetals|Primordial}} | {{element cell| 9|fluorine |F |18.9984032(5) |Gas |Halogens|Primordial}} | {{element cell|10|neon |Ne|20.1797(6) |Gas |Noble gases|Primordial}} |- ! [[Heerka 3 ee curiye|3]] | {{element cell|11|Saadiyom |Na|22.98976928(2)|Solid|Alkali metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|12|magnesium |Mg|24.3050(6) |Solid|Alkaline earth metals|Primordial}} | colspan="10" | | {{element cell|13|aluminium |Al|26.9815386(8) |Solid|Post-transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|14|silicon |Si|28.0855(3) |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|15|phosphorus|P |30.973762(2) |Solid|Nonmetals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|16|sulfur |S |32.066(6) |Solid|Nonmetals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|17|chlorine |Cl|35.4527(9) |Gas |Halogens|Primordial}} | {{element cell|18|argon |Ar|39.948(1) |Gas |Noble gases|Primordial}} |- ! [[Heerka 4 ee curiye|4]] | {{element cell|19|potassium |K |39.0983(1) |Solid|Alkali metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|20|calcium |Ca|40.078(4) |Solid|Alkaline earth metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|21|scandium |Sc|44.955912(6) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|22|titanium |Ti|47.867(1) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|23|vanadium |V |50.9415(1) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|24|chromium |Cr|51.9961(6) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|25|manganese |Mn|54.938045(5) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|26|Bir |Fe|55.845(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|27|cobalt |Co|58.933195(5) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|28|nickel |Ni|58.6934(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|29|copper |Cu|63.546(3) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|30|zinc |Zn|65.39(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|31|gallium |Ga|69.723(1) |Solid|Post-transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|32|germanium |Ge|72.61(2) |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|33|arsenic |As|74.92160(2) |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|34|selenium |Se|78.96(3) |Solid|Nonmetals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|35|bromine |Br|79.904(1) |Liquid|Halogens|Primordial}} | {{element cell|36|krypton |Kr|83.80(1) |Gas |Noble gases|Primordial}} |- ! [[Heerka 5 ee curiye|5]] | {{element cell|37|rubidium |Rb|85.4678(3) |Solid|Alkali metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|38|strontium |Sr|87.62(1) |Solid|Alkaline earth metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|39|yttrium |Y |88.90585(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|40|zirconium |Zr|91.224(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|41|niobium |Nb|92.90638(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|42|molybdenum|Mo|95.94(1) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|43|technetium|Tc|[97.9072] |Solid|Transition metals|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|44|ruthenium |Ru|101.07(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|45|rhodium |Rh|102.90550(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|46|palladium |Pd|106.42(1) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|47|silver |Ag|107.8682(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|48|cadmium |Cd|112.411(8) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|49|indium |In|114.818(3) |Solid|Post-transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|50|tin |Sn|118.710(7) |Solid|Post-transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|51|antimony |Sb|121.760(1) |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|52|tellurium |Te|127.60(3) |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|53|iodine |I |126.90447(3) |Solid|Halogens|Primordial}} | {{element cell|54|xenon |Xe|131.29(2) |Gas |Noble gases|Primordial}} |- ! [[Heerka 6 ee curiye|6]] | {{element cell|55|caesium |Cs|132.9054519(2)|Solid|Alkali metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|56|barium |Ba|137.327(7) |Solid|Alkaline earth metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|*|lanthanides| | |Solid|(See below)|(See below)}} | {{element cell|72|hafnium |Hf|178.49(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|73|tantalum |Ta|180.94788(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|74|tungsten |W |183.84(1) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|75|rhenium |Re|186.207(1) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|76|osmium |Os|190.23(3) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|77|iridium |Ir|192.217(3) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|78|platinum |Pt|195.084(9) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|79|gold |Au|196.966569(4) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|80|mercury |Hg|200.59(2) |Liquid|Transition metals|Primordial|mercury (element)}} | {{element cell|81|thallium |Tl|204.3833(2) |Solid|Post-transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|82|lead |Pb|207.2(1) |Solid|Post-transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|83|bismuth |Bi|208.98040(1) |Solid|Post-transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|84|polonium |Po|[208.9824] |Solid|Post-transition metals|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|85|astatine |At|[209.9871] |Solid|Halogens|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|86|radon |Rn|[222.0176] |Gas |Noble gases|Natural radio}} |- ! [[Heerka 7 ee curiye|7]] | {{element cell|87|francium |Fr|[223.0197] |Solid|Alkali metals|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|88|radium |Ra|[226.0254] |Solid|Alkaline earth metals|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|**|actinides | | |Solid|(See below)|(See below)}} | {{element cell|104|rutherfordium|Rf|[263.1125] |UnknownPhase|Transition metals|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|105|dubnium |Db|[262.1144] |UnknownPhase|Transition metals|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|106|seaborgium |Sg|[266.1219] |UnknownPhase|Transition metals|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|107|bohrium |Bh|[264.1247] |UnknownPhase|Transition metals|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|108|hassium |Hs|[269.1341] |UnknownPhase|Transition metals|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|109|meitnerium |Mt|[268.1388] |UnknownPhase|Unknown chemical properties|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|110|darmstadtium |Ds|[272.1463] |UnknownPhase|Unknown chemical properties|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|111|roentgenium |Rg|[272.1535] |UnknownPhase|Unknown chemical properties|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|112|copernicium |Cn|[277.1639] |UnknownPhase|Transition metals|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|113|ununtrium |Uut|[284.1781]|UnknownPhase|Unknown chemical properties|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|114|flerovium |Fl|[289.1873]|UnknownPhase|Unknown chemical properties|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|115|ununpentium |Uup|[288.1925]|UnknownPhase|Unknown chemical properties|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|116|livermorium |Lv|[292.1998]|UnknownPhase|Unknown chemical properties|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|117|ununseptium |Uus|[291.2066]|UnknownPhase|Unknown chemical properties|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|118|ununoctium |Uuo|[293.2147]|UnknownPhase|Unknown chemical properties|Synthetic}} |- | colspan="19" | <br /> |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align:right; padding-right:1em;"| *&nbsp;[[Lanthanide]]s | {{element cell|57|lanthanum |La|138.90547(7)|Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|58|cerium |Ce|140.116(1) |Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|59|praseodymium|Pr|140.90765(2)|Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|60|neodymium |Nd|144.242(3) |Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|61|promethium |Pm|[144.9127] |Solid|Lanthanoids|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|62|samarium |Sm|150.36(2) |Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|63|europium |Eu|151.964(1) |Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|64|gadolinium |Gd|157.25(3) |Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|65|terbium |Tb|158.92535(2)|Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|66|dysprosium |Dy|162.500(1) |Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|67|holmium |Ho|164.93032(2)|Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|68|erbium |Er|167.259(3) |Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|69|thulium |Tm|168.93421(2)|Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|70|ytterbium |Yb|173.04(3) |Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|71|lutetium |Lu|174.967(1) |Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align:right; padding-right:1em;"| **&nbsp;[[Actinide]]s | {{element cell|89|actinium |Ac|[227.0277] |Solid|Actinoids|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|90|thorium |Th|232.03806(2)|Solid|Actinoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|91|protactinium|Pa|231.03588(2)|Solid|Actinoids|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|92|uranium |U |238.02891(3)|Solid|Actinoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|93|neptunium |Np|[237.0482] |Solid|Actinoids|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|94|plutonium |Pu|[244.0642] |Solid|Actinoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|95|americium |Am|[243.0614] |Solid|Actinoids|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|96|curium |Cm|[247.0703] |Solid|Actinoids|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|97|berkelium |Bk|[247.0703] |Solid|Actinoids|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|98|californium |Cf|[251.0796] |Solid|Actinoids|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|99|einsteinium |Es|[252.0830] |Solid|Actinoids|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|100|fermium |Fm|[257.0951] |Solid|Actinoids|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|101|mendelevium|Md|[258.0984] |Solid|Actinoids|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|102|nobelium |No|[259.1011] |Solid|Actinoids|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|103|lawrencium |Lr|[262.110] |Solid|Actinoids|Synthetic}} |- | colspan=32 style="font-size:90%" | </noinclude> 2dikb42y8aya98bafvqugl6acdijup6 240511 240510 2022-08-28T01:42:57Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> {| class="collapsible {{{state|uncollapsed}}}" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="background:{{Element color/Table|background}}; border:1px solid {{Element color/Table|border}}; width:100%; max-width:1300px; margin:0 auto; padding:2px; {{{style|{{{1|}}}}}};" ! colspan=19 style="background:{{Element color/Table|title}}; padding:2px 4px;" | {{tnavbar-collapsible | [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha]] <small>( Kaltanka Curiyayaasha)</small> | Template:Periodic table }} |- style="background:{{Element color/Table|colheader}}" ! style="width: 2.8%;" | [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha|Qaybaha]]&nbsp;&rarr; ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Macdin Alkaliini ah|1]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Macdin dhuleed ah|2]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 3 ee curiye|3]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 4 ee curiye|4]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 5 ee curiye|5]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 6 ee curiye|6]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 7 ee curiye|7]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 8 ee curiye|8]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 9 ee curiye|9]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 10 ee curiye|10]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 11 ee curiye|11]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta 12 ee curiye|12]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta Boron |13]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta Karbon |14]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Qaybta Nitrogen |15]] <!--also [[Pnictogen|15]]--> ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Chalcogen|16]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Halogen|17]] ! style="width: 5.4%;" | [[Nobel Gas|18]] |- ! &darr;&nbsp;[[Walxaha|Walxaha]] | colspan="18" | |- ! [[Heerka 1 ee curiye|1]] | {{element cell| 1|hydrogen |H |1.00794(7) |Gas |Nonmetals|Primordial}} | colspan="16" | | {{element cell| 2|helium |He|4.002602(2) |Gas |Noble gases|Primordial}} |- ! [[Heerka 2 ee curiye|2]] | {{element cell| 3|lithium |Li|6.941(2) |Adke|Alkali metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell| 4|beryllium |Be|9.012182(3) |Solid|Alkaline earth metals|Primordial}} | colspan="10" | | {{element cell| 5|boron |B |10.811(7) |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}} | {{element cell| 6|carbon |C |12.0107(8) |Solid|Nonmetals|Primordial}} | {{element cell| 7|nitrogen |N |14.00674(7) |Gas |Nonmetals|Primordial}} | {{element cell| 8|oxygen |O |15.9994(3) |Gas |Nonmetals|Primordial}} | {{element cell| 9|fluorine |F |18.9984032(5) |Gas |Halogens|Primordial}} | {{element cell|10|neon |Ne|20.1797(6) |Gas |Noble gases|Primordial}} |- ! [[Heerka 3 ee curiye|3]] | {{element cell|11|Saadiyom |Na|22.98976928(2)|Solid|Alkali metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|12|magnesium |Mg|24.3050(6) |Solid|Alkaline earth metals|Primordial}} | colspan="10" | | {{element cell|13|aluminium |Al|26.9815386(8) |Solid|Post-transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|14|silicon |Si|28.0855(3) |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|15|phosphorus|P |30.973762(2) |Solid|Nonmetals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|16|sulfur |S |32.066(6) |Solid|Nonmetals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|17|chlorine |Cl|35.4527(9) |Gas |Halogens|Primordial}} | {{element cell|18|argon |Ar|39.948(1) |Gas |Noble gases|Primordial}} |- ! [[Heerka 4 ee curiye|4]] | {{element cell|19|potassium |K |39.0983(1) |Solid|Alkali metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|20|calcium |Ca|40.078(4) |Solid|Alkaline earth metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|21|scandium |Sc|44.955912(6) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|22|titanium |Ti|47.867(1) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|23|vanadium |V |50.9415(1) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|24|chromium |Cr|51.9961(6) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|25|manganese |Mn|54.938045(5) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|26|Bir |Fe|55.845(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|27|cobalt |Co|58.933195(5) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|28|nickel |Ni|58.6934(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|29|copper |Cu|63.546(3) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|30|zinc |Zn|65.39(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|31|gallium |Ga|69.723(1) |Solid|Post-transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|32|germanium |Ge|72.61(2) |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|33|arsenic |As|74.92160(2) |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|34|selenium |Se|78.96(3) |Solid|Nonmetals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|35|bromine |Br|79.904(1) |Liquid|Halogens|Primordial}} | {{element cell|36|krypton |Kr|83.80(1) |Gas |Noble gases|Primordial}} |- ! [[Heerka 5 ee curiye|5]] | {{element cell|37|rubidium |Rb|85.4678(3) |Solid|Alkali metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|38|strontium |Sr|87.62(1) |Solid|Alkaline earth metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|39|yttrium |Y |88.90585(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|40|zirconium |Zr|91.224(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|41|niobium |Nb|92.90638(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|42|molybdenum|Mo|95.94(1) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|43|technetium|Tc|[97.9072] |Solid|Transition metals|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|44|ruthenium |Ru|101.07(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|45|rhodium |Rh|102.90550(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|46|palladium |Pd|106.42(1) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|47|silver |Ag|107.8682(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|48|cadmium |Cd|112.411(8) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|49|indium |In|114.818(3) |Solid|Post-transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|50|tin |Sn|118.710(7) |Solid|Post-transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|51|antimony |Sb|121.760(1) |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|52|tellurium |Te|127.60(3) |Solid|Metalloids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|53|iodine |I |126.90447(3) |Solid|Halogens|Primordial}} | {{element cell|54|xenon |Xe|131.29(2) |Gas |Noble gases|Primordial}} |- ! [[Heerka 6 ee curiye|6]] | {{element cell|55|caesium |Cs|132.9054519(2)|Solid|Alkali metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|56|barium |Ba|137.327(7) |Solid|Alkaline earth metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|*|lanthanides| | |Solid|(See below)|(See below)}} | {{element cell|72|hafnium |Hf|178.49(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|73|tantalum |Ta|180.94788(2) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|74|tungsten |W |183.84(1) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|75|rhenium |Re|186.207(1) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|76|osmium |Os|190.23(3) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|77|iridium |Ir|192.217(3) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|78|platinum |Pt|195.084(9) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|79|gold |Au|196.966569(4) |Solid|Transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|80|mercury |Hg|200.59(2) |Liquid|Transition metals|Primordial|mercury (element)}} | {{element cell|81|thallium |Tl|204.3833(2) |Solid|Post-transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|82|lead |Pb|207.2(1) |Solid|Post-transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|83|bismuth |Bi|208.98040(1) |Solid|Post-transition metals|Primordial}} | {{element cell|84|polonium |Po|[208.9824] |Solid|Post-transition metals|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|85|astatine |At|[209.9871] |Solid|Halogens|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|86|radon |Rn|[222.0176] |Gas |Noble gases|Natural radio}} |- ! [[Heerka 7 ee curiye|7]] | {{element cell|87|francium |Fr|[223.0197] |Solid|Alkali metals|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|88|radium |Ra|[226.0254] |Solid|Alkaline earth metals|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|**|actinides | | |Solid|(See below)|(See below)}} | {{element cell|104|rutherfordium|Rf|[263.1125] |UnknownPhase|Transition metals|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|105|dubnium |Db|[262.1144] |UnknownPhase|Transition metals|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|106|seaborgium |Sg|[266.1219] |UnknownPhase|Transition metals|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|107|bohrium |Bh|[264.1247] |UnknownPhase|Transition metals|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|108|hassium |Hs|[269.1341] |UnknownPhase|Transition metals|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|109|meitnerium |Mt|[268.1388] |UnknownPhase|Unknown chemical properties|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|110|darmstadtium |Ds|[272.1463] |UnknownPhase|Unknown chemical properties|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|111|roentgenium |Rg|[272.1535] |UnknownPhase|Unknown chemical properties|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|112|copernicium |Cn|[277.1639] |UnknownPhase|Transition metals|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|113|ununtrium |Uut|[284.1781]|UnknownPhase|Unknown chemical properties|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|114|flerovium |Fl|[289.1873]|UnknownPhase|Unknown chemical properties|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|115|ununpentium |Uup|[288.1925]|UnknownPhase|Unknown chemical properties|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|116|livermorium |Lv|[292.1998]|UnknownPhase|Unknown chemical properties|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|117|ununseptium |Uus|[291.2066]|UnknownPhase|Unknown chemical properties|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|118|ununoctium |Uuo|[293.2147]|UnknownPhase|Unknown chemical properties|Synthetic}} |- | colspan="19" | <br /> |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align:right; padding-right:1em;"| *&nbsp;[[Lanthanide]]s | {{element cell|57|lanthanum |La|138.90547(7)|Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|58|cerium |Ce|140.116(1) |Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|59|praseodymium|Pr|140.90765(2)|Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|60|neodymium |Nd|144.242(3) |Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|61|promethium |Pm|[144.9127] |Solid|Lanthanoids|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|62|samarium |Sm|150.36(2) |Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|63|europium |Eu|151.964(1) |Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|64|gadolinium |Gd|157.25(3) |Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|65|terbium |Tb|158.92535(2)|Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|66|dysprosium |Dy|162.500(1) |Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|67|holmium |Ho|164.93032(2)|Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|68|erbium |Er|167.259(3) |Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|69|thulium |Tm|168.93421(2)|Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|70|ytterbium |Yb|173.04(3) |Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|71|lutetium |Lu|174.967(1) |Solid|Lanthanoids|Primordial}} | |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align:right; padding-right:1em;"| **&nbsp;[[Actinide]]s | {{element cell|89|actinium |Ac|[227.0277] |Solid|Actinoids|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|90|thorium |Th|232.03806(2)|Solid|Actinoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|91|protactinium|Pa|231.03588(2)|Solid|Actinoids|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|92|uranium |U |238.02891(3)|Solid|Actinoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|93|neptunium |Np|[237.0482] |Solid|Actinoids|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|94|plutonium |Pu|[244.0642] |Solid|Actinoids|Primordial}} | {{element cell|95|americium |Am|[243.0614] |Solid|Actinoids|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|96|curium |Cm|[247.0703] |Solid|Actinoids|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|97|berkelium |Bk|[247.0703] |Solid|Actinoids|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|98|californium |Cf|[251.0796] |Solid|Actinoids|Natural radio}} | {{element cell|99|einsteinium |Es|[252.0830] |Solid|Actinoids|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|100|fermium |Fm|[257.0951] |Solid|Actinoids|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|101|mendelevium|Md|[258.0984] |Solid|Actinoids|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|102|nobelium |No|[259.1011] |Solid|Actinoids|Synthetic}} | {{element cell|103|lawrencium |Lr|[262.110] |Solid|Actinoids|Synthetic}} |- | colspan=32 style="font-size:90%" | </includeonly> eiumvkzunrlzri2ivdffpalodjui1fp 0 12341 240508 213643 2022-08-28T01:37:33Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 /* Taariikhda Hiliyaamta */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:HeNe Laser Build.webm|thumb|Hiliyaam]] '''Hiliyaam''' ([[Ingiriis]]: Helium) calaamad [[He]] waa [[curiye]] kimiko ah oo [[tiro]]da [[atom]]kiisu tahay [[labo]]. Hiliyaam waa [[Neef]] bilaa ur, dhadhan iyo midab ah isla markaana wuxuu ka mid tahay [[neef]]aha aan [[sun]]ta ahayn. Curiyahan oo safka hore kaga jira [[Diwaanka Curiye]] ayaa leh barta ugu hooseeysa ee kululeeynta iyo dhalaalinta curiye. Hiliyaam waa curiyaha labaad ee ugu fudud [[hawo]]da isla markaana ugu badan [[Koon]]ka, waxa ka horeeya [[Haydarojiin]] oo kaliya. Hiliyaamta waxa la bartey [[Qorax Madoowaad]]kii [[sanad]]kii 1868 waxaana helay [[aqoon]]yahan [[Cilmi Fallag]] ''Faransiis'' ahaa oo lagu magacaabi jirey Jules Janssen. = Taariikhda Hiliyaamta = Hiliyaam waxaa daahfuray cirbixiyeenkii Faransiiska ahaa ee Pierre Janssen bishii Ogosto 18, 1868, isagoo ah khad huruud ah oo dhalaalaya oo ka mid ah sbegterum koromosfeer ee Qoraxda.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220526131734/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12038-013-9316-9</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201215075432/https://www.worldcat.org/title/natures-building-blocks-an-a-z-guide-to-the-elements/oclc/46984609</ref> Khadka waxaa loo maleeyay inuu yahay sodium. Isla sanadkaas, cirbixiyeen Ingiriisi, Norman Lockyer, ayaa isna u kuurgalay oo ogaaday in ay sababtay curiye cusub.<ref>https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspl.1868.0011 iyo https://web.archive.org/web/20200808175506/https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspl.1868.0011</ref> Lockyer iyo Ingiriisi farmashiistaha Edward Frankland ayaa u magacaabay curiyaha helium, oo ka yimid ereyga Giriigga ee Qoraxda, ἥλιος (''helios'').<ref>http://www.nature.com/articles/004261a0 iyo https://web.archive.org/web/20200508184806/https://www.nature.com/articles/004261a0</ref> = Atomka Hiliyaamta = = Fal-galka Curiyeha Kale = = Isticmaalka Hiliyaamta = {{Gumud}} [[Category:Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Category:Waxbarsho]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] [[Category:Neef]] [[Category:Neefta Halogen]] 073pnq54lvsch6ybowvwqs8694bbxmc 240509 240508 2022-08-28T01:38:05Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:HeNe Laser Build.webm|thumb|Hiliyaam]] '''Hiliyaam''' ([[Ingiriis]]: Helium) calaamad [[He]] waa [[curiye]] kimiko ah oo [[tiro]]da [[atom]]kiisu tahay [[labo]]. Hiliyaam waa [[Neef]] bilaa ur, dhadhan iyo midab ah isla markaana wuxuu ka mid tahay [[neef]]aha aan [[sun]]ta ahayn. Curiyahan oo safka hore kaga jira [[Diwaanka Curiye]] ayaa leh barta ugu hooseeysa ee kululeeynta iyo dhalaalinta curiye. Hiliyaam waa curiyaha labaad ee ugu fudud [[hawo]]da isla markaana ugu badan [[Koon]]ka, waxa ka horeeya [[Haydarojiin]] oo kaliya. Hiliyaamta waxa la bartey [[Qorax Madoowaad]]kii [[sanad]]kii 1868 waxaana helay [[aqoon]]yahan [[Cilmi Fallag]] ''Faransiis'' ahaa oo lagu magacaabi jirey Jules Janssen. = Taariikhda Hiliyaamta = Hiliyaam waxaa daahfuray cirbixiyeenkii Faransiiska ahaa ee Pierre Janssen bishii Ogosto 18, 1868, isagoo ah khad huruud ah oo dhalaalaya oo ka mid ah sbegterum koromosfeer ee Qoraxda.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220526131734/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12038-013-9316-9</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201215075432/https://www.worldcat.org/title/natures-building-blocks-an-a-z-guide-to-the-elements/oclc/46984609</ref> Khadka waxaa loo maleeyay inuu yahay sodium. Isla sanadkaas, cirbixiyeen Ingiriisi, Norman Lockyer, ayaa isna u kuurgalay oo ogaaday in ay sababtay curiye cusub.<ref>https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspl.1868.0011 iyo https://web.archive.org/web/20200808175506/https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspl.1868.0011</ref> Lockyer iyo Ingiriisi farmashiistaha Edward Frankland ayaa u magacaabay curiyaha helium, oo ka yimid ereyga Giriigga ee Qoraxda, ἥλιος (''helios'').<ref>http://www.nature.com/articles/004261a0 iyo https://web.archive.org/web/20200508184806/https://www.nature.com/articles/004261a0</ref> = Atomka Hiliyaamta = = Fal-galka Curiyeha Kale = = Isticmaalka Hiliyaamta = =Tixraac= {{reflist}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Category:Waxbarsho]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] [[Category:Neef]] [[Category:Neefta Halogen]] hke9up1tyhqgos75w1nme147e2dpujx 0 12355 240497 240394 2022-08-28T01:24:12Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hydrogen}} '''Hydrogen ama Haaydarojiin''' Waa qayb ka mid ah curiye yaasha Kimikada Waxaana loo soo gaabiyaa "H" [[Atom|Atam]] kiisuna waa 1 madab iyo dhadhan toona maleh = Haaydarojiin = '''Haaydarojiin''' ([[Ingiriis]]: Hydrogen) calaamad [[H]] waa [[curiye]] kimiko ah oo [[tiro]]da [[atom]]kiisu tahay [[kow]]. Haaydarojiintu waa [[curiye]]ha ugu fudud dhamaan curiyeyaasha, taasina waa sababta looga dhigay lambar [[kow]] liiska [[Diwaanka Curiye]]. [[File:Emissions Spectra.webm|thumb|Tijaabada Hydrogen Spectrum]] [[Meere]]yaal iyo [[Xidig]]yo badan ayaa ka intooda u badan ka sameeysan curiyan Haydarojiinta. Sidoo kale Haydarojiintu waa [[Neef]] bilaa ur, dhadhan iyo midab ah isla markaana firfircooni uu kula falgalo [[curiye]] kale. Dhinaca kale waa curiye aad muhiim ugu ah nolosha [[dhul]]ka, sababtoo ah marka [[labo]] [[atom]] ama [[hal]] [[malakuyuul]] oo Haydarojiin la fal-gasho [[Ogsajiin]] waxaa soo baxa [[biyo]]. Fal-galkaas waxaa uu u dhacaa sidan: 2[[H]] + 1[[O]] = [[H2O]]. Haydarojiintu waa curiyaha [[kow]]aad ee [[hawo]]da ugu badan [[Koon]]ka waa qiyaas dhan 75%, waxa ku xiga[[Ogsajiin]] iyo [[Hiliyaam]]. = Taariikhda Haydarojiinta = Haydarojiin waxaa markii ugu horreysay kala saaray 1671-kii Robert Boyle. Sannadkii 1776-kii, Henry Cavendish waxa uu u aqoonsaday inay tahay qaybteeda wuxuuna ugu yeedhay "hawo gubanaysa". Waxa uu xaqiiqsaday 1781 in gubideeda ay biyo samaysay. = Atomka Haydarojiinta = = Fal-galka Curiyeha Kale = = Isticmaalka Haydarojiinta = {{commons|Category:Hydrogen}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] [[Category:Bir]] [[Category:Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]] [[Category:Neef]] [[Category:Neefta Halogen]] [[Category:Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Category:Waxbarsho]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] dohfxhycxwtunxy9c4ebamxzutu2jvk 240498 240497 2022-08-28T01:25:28Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hydrogen}} '''Hydrogen ama Haaydarojiin''' Waa qayb ka mid ah curiye yaasha Kimikada Waxaana loo soo gaabiyaa "H" [[Atom|Atam]] kiisuna waa 1 madab iyo dhadhan toona maleh = Haaydarojiin = '''Haaydarojiin''' ([[Ingiriis]]: Hydrogen) calaamad [[H]] waa [[curiye]] kimiko ah oo [[tiro]]da [[atom]]kiisu tahay [[kow]]. Haaydarojiintu waa [[curiye]]ha ugu fudud dhamaan curiyeyaasha, taasina waa sababta looga dhigay lambar [[kow]] liiska [[Diwaanka Curiye]]. [[File:Emissions Spectra.webm|thumb|Tijaabada Hydrogen Spectrum]] [[Meere]]yaal iyo [[Xidig]]yo badan ayaa ka intooda u badan ka sameeysan curiyan Haydarojiinta. Sidoo kale Haydarojiintu waa [[Neef]] bilaa ur, dhadhan iyo midab ah isla markaana firfircooni uu kula falgalo [[curiye]] kale. Dhinaca kale waa curiye aad muhiim ugu ah nolosha [[dhul]]ka, sababtoo ah marka [[labo]] [[atom]] ama [[hal]] [[malakuyuul]] oo Haydarojiin la fal-gasho [[Ogsajiin]] waxaa soo baxa [[biyo]]. Fal-galkaas waxaa uu u dhacaa sidan: 2[[H]] + 1[[O]] = [[H2O]]. Haydarojiintu waa curiyaha [[kow]]aad ee [[hawo]]da ugu badan [[Koon]]ka waa qiyaas dhan 75%, waxa ku xiga[[Ogsajiin]] iyo [[Hiliyaam]]. = Taariikhda Haydarojiinta = Haydarojiin waxaa markii ugu horreysay kala saaray 1671-kii Robert Boyle. Sannadkii 1776-kii, Henry Cavendish waxa uu u aqoonsaday inay tahay qaybteeda wuxuuna ugu yeedhay "hawo gubanaysa". Waxa uu xaqiiqsaday 1781 in gubideeda ay biyo samaysay. Antoine Lavoisier wuxuu u bixiyay Haaydarojuun magaceeda, laga soo bilaabo erayga Giriigga ee biyaha, 'υδορ'. = Atomka Haydarojiinta = = Fal-galka Curiyeha Kale = = Isticmaalka Haydarojiinta = {{commons|Category:Hydrogen}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] [[Category:Bir]] [[Category:Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]] [[Category:Neef]] [[Category:Neefta Halogen]] [[Category:Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Category:Waxbarsho]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] fnp4vd679xnjpvdm5hccd1bqnhihdh4 240499 240498 2022-08-28T01:27:35Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 /* Taariikhda Haydarojiinta */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hydrogen}} '''Hydrogen ama Haaydarojiin''' Waa qayb ka mid ah curiye yaasha Kimikada Waxaana loo soo gaabiyaa "H" [[Atom|Atam]] kiisuna waa 1 madab iyo dhadhan toona maleh = Haaydarojiin = '''Haaydarojiin''' ([[Ingiriis]]: Hydrogen) calaamad [[H]] waa [[curiye]] kimiko ah oo [[tiro]]da [[atom]]kiisu tahay [[kow]]. Haaydarojiintu waa [[curiye]]ha ugu fudud dhamaan curiyeyaasha, taasina waa sababta looga dhigay lambar [[kow]] liiska [[Diwaanka Curiye]]. [[File:Emissions Spectra.webm|thumb|Tijaabada Hydrogen Spectrum]] [[Meere]]yaal iyo [[Xidig]]yo badan ayaa ka intooda u badan ka sameeysan curiyan Haydarojiinta. Sidoo kale Haydarojiintu waa [[Neef]] bilaa ur, dhadhan iyo midab ah isla markaana firfircooni uu kula falgalo [[curiye]] kale. Dhinaca kale waa curiye aad muhiim ugu ah nolosha [[dhul]]ka, sababtoo ah marka [[labo]] [[atom]] ama [[hal]] [[malakuyuul]] oo Haydarojiin la fal-gasho [[Ogsajiin]] waxaa soo baxa [[biyo]]. Fal-galkaas waxaa uu u dhacaa sidan: 2[[H]] + 1[[O]] = [[H2O]]. Haydarojiintu waa curiyaha [[kow]]aad ee [[hawo]]da ugu badan [[Koon]]ka waa qiyaas dhan 75%, waxa ku xiga[[Ogsajiin]] iyo [[Hiliyaam]]. = Taariikhda Haydarojiinta = Haydarojiin waxaa markii ugu horreysay kala saaray 1671-kii Robert Boyle.<ref>Boyle, R. (1672). "Tracts written by the Honourable Robert Boyle containing new experiments, touching the relation betwixt flame and air..." London.</ref> Sannadkii 1776-kii, Henry Cavendish waxa uu u aqoonsaday inay tahay qaybteeda wuxuuna ugu yeedhay "hawo gubanaysa". Waxa uu xaqiiqsaday 1781 in gubideeda ay biyo samaysay.<ref>Boyle, R. (1672). "Tracts written by the Honourable Robert Boyle containing new experiments, touching the relation betwixt flame and air..." London.</ref><ref>"Hydrogen". Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wylie-Interscience. 2005. pp. 797–799. ISBN 978-0-471-61525-5.</ref><ref>Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 183–191. ISBN 978-0-19-850341-5.</ref> Antoine Lavoisier wuxuu u bixiyay Haaydarojuun magaceeda, laga soo bilaabo erayga Giriigga ee biyaha, 'υδορ'.<ref>https://archive.org/details/guidetoelements00stwe</ref> = Atomka Haydarojiinta = = Fal-galka Curiyeha Kale = = Isticmaalka Haydarojiinta = {{commons|Category:Hydrogen}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] [[Category:Bir]] [[Category:Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]] [[Category:Neef]] [[Category:Neefta Halogen]] [[Category:Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Category:Waxbarsho]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] 67ei0zlez4oywx6evgsiv224zl1zu8s 240500 240499 2022-08-28T01:27:59Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hydrogen}} '''Hydrogen ama Haaydarojiin''' Waa qayb ka mid ah curiye yaasha Kimikada Waxaana loo soo gaabiyaa "H" [[Atom|Atam]] kiisuna waa 1 madab iyo dhadhan toona maleh = Haaydarojiin = '''Haaydarojiin''' ([[Ingiriis]]: Hydrogen) calaamad [[H]] waa [[curiye]] kimiko ah oo [[tiro]]da [[atom]]kiisu tahay [[kow]]. Haaydarojiintu waa [[curiye]]ha ugu fudud dhamaan curiyeyaasha, taasina waa sababta looga dhigay lambar [[kow]] liiska [[Diwaanka Curiye]]. [[File:Emissions Spectra.webm|thumb|Tijaabada Hydrogen Spectrum]] [[Meere]]yaal iyo [[Xidig]]yo badan ayaa ka intooda u badan ka sameeysan curiyan Haydarojiinta. Sidoo kale Haydarojiintu waa [[Neef]] bilaa ur, dhadhan iyo midab ah isla markaana firfircooni uu kula falgalo [[curiye]] kale. Dhinaca kale waa curiye aad muhiim ugu ah nolosha [[dhul]]ka, sababtoo ah marka [[labo]] [[atom]] ama [[hal]] [[malakuyuul]] oo Haydarojiin la fal-gasho [[Ogsajiin]] waxaa soo baxa [[biyo]]. Fal-galkaas waxaa uu u dhacaa sidan: 2[[H]] + 1[[O]] = [[H2O]]. Haydarojiintu waa curiyaha [[kow]]aad ee [[hawo]]da ugu badan [[Koon]]ka waa qiyaas dhan 75%, waxa ku xiga[[Ogsajiin]] iyo [[Hiliyaam]]. = Taariikhda Haydarojiinta = Haydarojiin waxaa markii ugu horreysay kala saaray 1671-kii Robert Boyle.<ref>Boyle, R. (1672). "Tracts written by the Honourable Robert Boyle containing new experiments, touching the relation betwixt flame and air..." London.</ref> Sannadkii 1776-kii, Henry Cavendish waxa uu u aqoonsaday inay tahay qaybteeda wuxuuna ugu yeedhay "hawo gubanaysa". Waxa uu xaqiiqsaday 1781 in gubideeda ay biyo samaysay.<ref>Boyle, R. (1672). "Tracts written by the Honourable Robert Boyle containing new experiments, touching the relation betwixt flame and air..." London.</ref><ref>"Hydrogen". Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wylie-Interscience. 2005. pp. 797–799. ISBN 978-0-471-61525-5.</ref><ref>Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 183–191. ISBN 978-0-19-850341-5.</ref> Antoine Lavoisier wuxuu u bixiyay Haaydarojuun magaceeda, laga soo bilaabo erayga Giriigga ee biyaha, 'υδορ'.<ref>https://archive.org/details/guidetoelements00stwe</ref> = Atomka Haydarojiinta = = Fal-galka Curiyeha Kale = = Isticmaalka Haydarojiinta = {{reflist}} {{commons|Category:Hydrogen}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] [[Category:Bir]] [[Category:Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]] [[Category:Neef]] [[Category:Neefta Halogen]] [[Category:Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Category:Waxbarsho]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] 21k2vf69hza3baiyfa0y25ovtyz3dk3 240501 240500 2022-08-28T01:28:33Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hydrogen}} '''Hydrogen ama Haaydarojiin''' Waa qayb ka mid ah curiye yaasha Kimikada Waxaana loo soo gaabiyaa "H" [[Atom|Atam]] kiisuna waa 1 madab iyo dhadhan toona maleh = Haaydarojiin = '''Haaydarojiin''' ([[Ingiriis]]: Hydrogen) calaamad [[H]] waa [[curiye]] kimiko ah oo [[tiro]]da [[atom]]kiisu tahay [[kow]]. Haaydarojiintu waa [[curiye]]ha ugu fudud dhamaan curiyeyaasha, taasina waa sababta looga dhigay lambar [[kow]] liiska [[Diwaanka Curiye]]. [[File:Emissions Spectra.webm|thumb|Tijaabada Hydrogen Spectrum]] [[Meere]]yaal iyo [[Xidig]]yo badan ayaa ka intooda u badan ka sameeysan curiyan Haydarojiinta. Sidoo kale Haydarojiintu waa [[Neef]] bilaa ur, dhadhan iyo midab ah isla markaana firfircooni uu kula falgalo [[curiye]] kale. Dhinaca kale waa curiye aad muhiim ugu ah nolosha [[dhul]]ka, sababtoo ah marka [[labo]] [[atom]] ama [[hal]] [[malakuyuul]] oo Haydarojiin la fal-gasho [[Ogsajiin]] waxaa soo baxa [[biyo]]. Fal-galkaas waxaa uu u dhacaa sidan: 2[[H]] + 1[[O]] = [[H2O]]. Haydarojiintu waa curiyaha [[kow]]aad ee [[hawo]]da ugu badan [[Koon]]ka waa qiyaas dhan 75%, waxa ku xiga[[Ogsajiin]] iyo [[Hiliyaam]]. = Taariikhda Haydarojiinta = Haydarojiin waxaa markii ugu horreysay kala saaray 1671-kii Robert Boyle.<ref>Boyle, R. (1672). "Tracts written by the Honourable Robert Boyle containing new experiments, touching the relation betwixt flame and air..." London.</ref> Sannadkii 1776-kii, Henry Cavendish waxa uu u aqoonsaday inay tahay qaybteeda wuxuuna ugu yeedhay "hawo gubanaysa". Waxa uu xaqiiqsaday 1781 in gubideeda ay biyo samaysay.<ref>Boyle, R. (1672). "Tracts written by the Honourable Robert Boyle containing new experiments, touching the relation betwixt flame and air..." London.</ref><ref>"Hydrogen". Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wylie-Interscience. 2005. pp. 797–799. ISBN 978-0-471-61525-5.</ref><ref>Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 183–191. ISBN 978-0-19-850341-5.</ref> Antoine Lavoisier wuxuu u bixiyay Haaydarojiin magaceeda, laga soo bilaabo erayga Giriigga ee biyaha, 'υδορ'.<ref>https://archive.org/details/guidetoelements00stwe</ref> = Atomka Haydarojiinta = = Fal-galka Curiyeha Kale = = Isticmaalka Haydarojiinta = {{reflist}} {{commons|Category:Hydrogen}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] [[Category:Bir]] [[Category:Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]] [[Category:Neef]] [[Category:Neefta Halogen]] [[Category:Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Category:Waxbarsho]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] puoauh2jbsuw0idbsxa0o7gfhl47x9e 240502 240501 2022-08-28T01:28:44Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hydrogen}} '''Hydrogen ama Haaydarojiin''' Waa qayb ka mid ah curiye yaasha Kimikada Waxaana loo soo gaabiyaa "H" [[Atom|Atam]] kiisuna waa 1 madab iyo dhadhan toona maleh = Haaydarojiin = '''Haaydarojiin''' ([[Ingiriis]]: Hydrogen) calaamad [[H]] waa [[curiye]] kimiko ah oo [[tiro]]da [[atom]]kiisu tahay [[kow]]. Haaydarojiintu waa [[curiye]]ha ugu fudud dhamaan curiyeyaasha, taasina waa sababta looga dhigay lambar [[kow]] liiska [[Diwaanka Curiye]]. [[File:Emissions Spectra.webm|thumb|Tijaabada Hydrogen Spectrum]] [[Meere]]yaal iyo [[Xidig]]yo badan ayaa ka intooda u badan ka sameeysan curiyan Haydarojiinta. Sidoo kale Haydarojiintu waa [[Neef]] bilaa ur, dhadhan iyo midab ah isla markaana firfircooni uu kula falgalo [[curiye]] kale. Dhinaca kale waa curiye aad muhiim ugu ah nolosha [[dhul]]ka, sababtoo ah marka [[labo]] [[atom]] ama [[hal]] [[malakuyuul]] oo Haydarojiin la fal-gasho [[Ogsajiin]] waxaa soo baxa [[biyo]]. Fal-galkaas waxaa uu u dhacaa sidan: 2[[H]] + 1[[O]] = [[H2O]]. Haydarojiintu waa curiyaha [[kow]]aad ee [[hawo]]da ugu badan [[Koon]]ka waa qiyaas dhan 75%, waxa ku xiga[[Ogsajiin]] iyo [[Hiliyaam]]. = Taariikhda Haydarojiinta = Haaydarojiin waxaa markii ugu horreysay kala saaray 1671-kii Robert Boyle.<ref>Boyle, R. (1672). "Tracts written by the Honourable Robert Boyle containing new experiments, touching the relation betwixt flame and air..." London.</ref> Sannadkii 1776-kii, Henry Cavendish waxa uu u aqoonsaday inay tahay qaybteeda wuxuuna ugu yeedhay "hawo gubanaysa". Waxa uu xaqiiqsaday 1781 in gubideeda ay biyo samaysay.<ref>Boyle, R. (1672). "Tracts written by the Honourable Robert Boyle containing new experiments, touching the relation betwixt flame and air..." London.</ref><ref>"Hydrogen". Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wylie-Interscience. 2005. pp. 797–799. ISBN 978-0-471-61525-5.</ref><ref>Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 183–191. ISBN 978-0-19-850341-5.</ref> Antoine Lavoisier wuxuu u bixiyay Haaydarojiin magaceeda, laga soo bilaabo erayga Giriigga ee biyaha, 'υδορ'.<ref>https://archive.org/details/guidetoelements00stwe</ref> = Atomka Haydarojiinta = = Fal-galka Curiyeha Kale = = Isticmaalka Haydarojiinta = {{reflist}} {{commons|Category:Hydrogen}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] [[Category:Bir]] [[Category:Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]] [[Category:Neef]] [[Category:Neefta Halogen]] [[Category:Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Category:Waxbarsho]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] 4wj84ybamiu1u5hy6lluxzsarm5yhe9 240504 240502 2022-08-28T01:29:10Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hydrogen}} '''Hydrogen ama Haaydarojiin''' Waa qayb ka mid ah curiye yaasha Kimikada Waxaana loo soo gaabiyaa "H" [[Atom|Atam]] kiisuna waa 1 madab iyo dhadhan toona maleh. = Haaydarojiin = '''Haaydarojiin''' ([[Ingiriis]]: Hydrogen) calaamad [[H]] waa [[curiye]] kimiko ah oo [[tiro]]da [[atom]]kiisu tahay [[kow]]. Haaydarojiintu waa [[curiye]]ha ugu fudud dhamaan curiyeyaasha, taasina waa sababta looga dhigay lambar [[kow]] liiska [[Diwaanka Curiye]]. [[File:Emissions Spectra.webm|thumb|Tijaabada Hydrogen Spectrum]] [[Meere]]yaal iyo [[Xidig]]yo badan ayaa ka intooda u badan ka sameeysan curiyan Haydarojiinta. Sidoo kale Haydarojiintu waa [[Neef]] bilaa ur, dhadhan iyo midab ah isla markaana firfircooni uu kula falgalo [[curiye]] kale. Dhinaca kale waa curiye aad muhiim ugu ah nolosha [[dhul]]ka, sababtoo ah marka [[labo]] [[atom]] ama [[hal]] [[malakuyuul]] oo Haydarojiin la fal-gasho [[Ogsajiin]] waxaa soo baxa [[biyo]]. Fal-galkaas waxaa uu u dhacaa sidan: 2[[H]] + 1[[O]] = [[H2O]]. Haydarojiintu waa curiyaha [[kow]]aad ee [[hawo]]da ugu badan [[Koon]]ka waa qiyaas dhan 75%, waxa ku xiga[[Ogsajiin]] iyo [[Hiliyaam]]. = Taariikhda Haydarojiinta = Haaydarojiin waxaa markii ugu horreysay kala saaray 1671-kii Robert Boyle.<ref>Boyle, R. (1672). "Tracts written by the Honourable Robert Boyle containing new experiments, touching the relation betwixt flame and air..." London.</ref> Sannadkii 1776-kii, Henry Cavendish waxa uu u aqoonsaday inay tahay qaybteeda wuxuuna ugu yeedhay "hawo gubanaysa". Waxa uu xaqiiqsaday 1781 in gubideeda ay biyo samaysay.<ref>Boyle, R. (1672). "Tracts written by the Honourable Robert Boyle containing new experiments, touching the relation betwixt flame and air..." London.</ref><ref>"Hydrogen". Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wylie-Interscience. 2005. pp. 797–799. ISBN 978-0-471-61525-5.</ref><ref>Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 183–191. ISBN 978-0-19-850341-5.</ref> Antoine Lavoisier wuxuu u bixiyay Haaydarojiin magaceeda, laga soo bilaabo erayga Giriigga ee biyaha, 'υδορ'.<ref>https://archive.org/details/guidetoelements00stwe</ref> = Atomka Haydarojiinta = = Fal-galka Curiyeha Kale = = Isticmaalka Haydarojiinta = {{reflist}} {{commons|Category:Hydrogen}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] [[Category:Bir]] [[Category:Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]] [[Category:Neef]] [[Category:Neefta Halogen]] [[Category:Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Category:Waxbarsho]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] hc3465gz9oyzpd25uepz4an85orzhwe 240505 240504 2022-08-28T01:31:18Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hydrogen}} '''Hydrogen ama Haaydarojiin''' Waa qayb ka mid ah curiye yaasha Kimikada Waxaana loo soo gaabiyaa "H" [[Atom|Atam]] kiisuna waa 1 madab iyo dhadhan toona maleh. = Haaydarojiin = '''Haaydarojiin''' ([[Ingiriis]]: Hydrogen) calaamad [[H]] waa [[curiye]] kimiko ah oo [[tiro]]da [[atom]]kiisu tahay [[kow]]. Haaydarojiintu waa [[curiye]]ha ugu fudud dhamaan curiyeyaasha, taasina waa sababta looga dhigay lambar [[kow]] liiska [[Diwaanka Curiye]]. [[File:Emissions Spectra.webm|thumb|Tijaabada Hydrogen Spectrum]] [[Meere]]yaal iyo [[Xidig]]yo badan ayaa ka intooda u badan ka sameeysan curiyan Haydarojiinta. Sidoo kale Haydarojiintu waa [[Neef]] bilaa ur, dhadhan iyo midab ah isla markaana firfircooni uu kula falgalo [[curiye]] kale. Dhinaca kale waa curiye aad muhiim ugu ah nolosha [[dhul]]ka, sababtoo ah marka [[labo]] [[atom]] ama [[hal]] [[malakuyuul]] oo Haydarojiin la fal-gasho [[Ogsajiin]] waxaa soo baxa [[biyo]]. Fal-galkaas waxaa uu u dhacaa sidan: 2[[H]] + 1[[O]] = [[H2O]]. Haydarojiintu waa curiyaha [[kow]]aad ee [[hawo]]da ugu badan [[Koon]]ka waa qiyaas dhan 75%, waxa ku xiga[[Ogsajiin]] iyo [[Hiliyaam]]. = Taariikhda Haydarojiinta = Haaydarojiin waxaa markii ugu horreysay kala saaray 1671-kii Robert Boyle.<ref>Boyle, R. (1672). "Tracts written by the Honourable Robert Boyle containing new experiments, touching the relation betwixt flame and air..." London.</ref> Sannadkii 1776-kii, Henry Cavendish waxa uu u aqoonsaday inay tahay qaybteeda wuxuuna ugu yeedhay "hawo gubanaysa". Waxa uu xaqiiqsaday 1781 in gubideeda ay biyo samaysay.<ref>Boyle, R. (1672). "Tracts written by the Honourable Robert Boyle containing new experiments, touching the relation betwixt flame and air..." London.</ref><ref>"Hydrogen". Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wylie-Interscience. 2005. pp. 797–799. ISBN 978-0-471-61525-5.</ref><ref>Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 183–191. ISBN 978-0-19-850341-5.</ref> Antoine Lavoisier wuxuu u bixiyay Haaydarojiin magaceeda, laga soo bilaabo erayga Giriigga ee biyaha, 'υδορ'.<ref>https://archive.org/details/guidetoelements00stwe</ref> =Isticmaalka Haaydarojiin= Haaydarojiin waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa isku dhafka nukliyeerka iyo warshadaha batroolka. = Atomka Haydarojiinta = = Fal-galka Curiyeha Kale = = Isticmaalka Haydarojiinta = {{reflist}} {{commons|Category:Hydrogen}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] [[Category:Bir]] [[Category:Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]] [[Category:Neef]] [[Category:Neefta Halogen]] [[Category:Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Category:Waxbarsho]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] oarw9vd6npjdmmyhwkdyhyvlw7e77zs 240506 240505 2022-08-28T01:31:50Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hydrogen}} '''Hydrogen ama Haaydarojiin''' Waa qayb ka mid ah curiye yaasha Kimikada Waxaana loo soo gaabiyaa "H" [[Atom|Atam]] kiisuna waa 1 madab iyo dhadhan toona maleh. = Haaydarojiin = '''Haaydarojiin''' ([[Ingiriis]]: Hydrogen) calaamad [[H]] waa [[curiye]] kimiko ah oo [[tiro]]da [[atom]]kiisu tahay [[kow]]. Haaydarojiintu waa [[curiye]]ha ugu fudud dhamaan curiyeyaasha, taasina waa sababta looga dhigay lambar [[kow]] liiska [[Diwaanka Curiye]]. [[File:Emissions Spectra.webm|thumb|Tijaabada Hydrogen Spectrum]] [[Meere]]yaal iyo [[Xidig]]yo badan ayaa ka intooda u badan ka sameeysan curiyan Haydarojiinta. Sidoo kale Haydarojiintu waa [[Neef]] bilaa ur, dhadhan iyo midab ah isla markaana firfircooni uu kula falgalo [[curiye]] kale. Dhinaca kale waa curiye aad muhiim ugu ah nolosha [[dhul]]ka, sababtoo ah marka [[labo]] [[atom]] ama [[hal]] [[malakuyuul]] oo Haydarojiin la fal-gasho [[Ogsajiin]] waxaa soo baxa [[biyo]]. Fal-galkaas waxaa uu u dhacaa sidan: 2[[H]] + 1[[O]] = [[H2O]]. Haydarojiintu waa curiyaha [[kow]]aad ee [[hawo]]da ugu badan [[Koon]]ka waa qiyaas dhan 75%, waxa ku xiga[[Ogsajiin]] iyo [[Hiliyaam]]. = Taariikhda Haydarojiinta = Haaydarojiin waxaa markii ugu horreysay kala saaray 1671-kii Robert Boyle.<ref>Boyle, R. (1672). "Tracts written by the Honourable Robert Boyle containing new experiments, touching the relation betwixt flame and air..." London.</ref> Sannadkii 1776-kii, Henry Cavendish waxa uu u aqoonsaday inay tahay qaybteeda wuxuuna ugu yeedhay "hawo gubanaysa". Waxa uu xaqiiqsaday 1781 in gubideeda ay biyo samaysay.<ref>Boyle, R. (1672). "Tracts written by the Honourable Robert Boyle containing new experiments, touching the relation betwixt flame and air..." London.</ref><ref>"Hydrogen". Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wylie-Interscience. 2005. pp. 797–799. ISBN 978-0-471-61525-5.</ref><ref>Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 183–191. ISBN 978-0-19-850341-5.</ref> Antoine Lavoisier wuxuu u bixiyay Haaydarojiin magaceeda, laga soo bilaabo erayga Giriigga ee biyaha, 'υδορ'.<ref>https://archive.org/details/guidetoelements00stwe</ref> = Atomka Haydarojiinta = = Fal-galka Curiyeha Kale = = Isticmaalka Haydarojiinta = {{reflist}} {{commons|Category:Hydrogen}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] [[Category:Bir]] [[Category:Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]] [[Category:Neef]] [[Category:Neefta Halogen]] [[Category:Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Category:Waxbarsho]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] 82ixa0rjym2y7i49bsxh12re9k814tm 240507 240506 2022-08-28T01:32:08Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hydrogen}} '''Hydrogen ama Haaydarojiin''' Waa qayb ka mid ah curiye yaasha Kimikada Waxaana loo soo gaabiyaa "H" [[Atom|Atam]] kiisuna waa 1 madab iyo dhadhan toona maleh. = Haaydarojiin = '''Haaydarojiin''' ([[Ingiriis]]: Hydrogen) calaamad [[H]] waa [[curiye]] kimiko ah oo [[tiro]]da [[atom]]kiisu tahay [[kow]]. Haaydarojiintu waa [[curiye]]ha ugu fudud dhamaan curiyeyaasha, taasina waa sababta looga dhigay lambar [[kow]] liiska [[Diwaanka Curiye]]. [[File:Emissions Spectra.webm|thumb|Tijaabada Hydrogen Spectrum]] [[Meere]]yaal iyo [[Xidig]]yo badan ayaa ka intooda u badan ka sameeysan curiyan Haydarojiinta. Sidoo kale Haydarojiintu waa [[Neef]] bilaa ur, dhadhan iyo midab ah isla markaana firfircooni uu kula falgalo [[curiye]] kale. Dhinaca kale waa curiye aad muhiim ugu ah nolosha [[dhul]]ka, sababtoo ah marka [[labo]] [[atom]] ama [[hal]] [[malakuyuul]] oo Haydarojiin la fal-gasho [[Ogsajiin]] waxaa soo baxa [[biyo]]. Fal-galkaas waxaa uu u dhacaa sidan: 2[[H]] + 1[[O]] = [[H2O]]. Haydarojiintu waa curiyaha [[kow]]aad ee [[hawo]]da ugu badan [[Koon]]ka waa qiyaas dhan 75%, waxa ku xiga[[Ogsajiin]] iyo [[Hiliyaam]]. = Taariikhda Haydarojiinta = Haaydarojiin waxaa markii ugu horreysay kala saaray 1671-kii Robert Boyle.<ref>Boyle, R. (1672). "Tracts written by the Honourable Robert Boyle containing new experiments, touching the relation betwixt flame and air..." London.</ref> Sannadkii 1776-kii, Henry Cavendish waxa uu u aqoonsaday inay tahay qaybteeda wuxuuna ugu yeedhay "hawo gubanaysa". Waxa uu xaqiiqsaday 1781 in gubideeda ay biyo samaysay.<ref>Boyle, R. (1672). "Tracts written by the Honourable Robert Boyle containing new experiments, touching the relation betwixt flame and air..." London.</ref><ref>"Hydrogen". Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wylie-Interscience. 2005. pp. 797–799. ISBN 978-0-471-61525-5.</ref><ref>Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 183–191. ISBN 978-0-19-850341-5.</ref> Antoine Lavoisier wuxuu u bixiyay Haaydarojiin magaceeda, laga soo bilaabo erayga Giriigga ee biyaha, 'υδορ'.<ref>https://archive.org/details/guidetoelements00stwe</ref> = Atomka Haydarojiinta = = Fal-galka Curiyeha Kale = = Isticmaalka Haydarojiinta = Haaydarojiin waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa isku dhafka nukliyeerka iyo warshadaha batroolka. =Tixraac= {{reflist}} {{commons|Category:Hydrogen}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] [[Category:Bir]] [[Category:Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]] [[Category:Neef]] [[Category:Neefta Halogen]] [[Category:Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Category:Waxbarsho]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] i11oy8o2bk9084b1r4wxbny3da5kf2e 0 19664 240492 240188 2022-08-28T01:01:11Z Mwasoge 29030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group |group = Carabta <br/> <small>{{lang|ar|العرب}}</small> <br/> <small>''Al-ʿArab''</small> |image = |population = {{Circa|450|500 million}}<ref>Margaret Kleffner Nydell [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNoiieefqAcC&printsec Understanding Arabs: A Guide For Modern Times], Intercultural Press, 2005, ISBN 1931930252, page xxiii, 14</ref> |region1 = {{flag|Arab League|Midowga Carabta}}` |pop1 = 425 milyan<ref>total population 450 million, [[CIA Factbook]] estimates an Arab population of 450 million, see article text.</ref> |region2 = {{flagcountry|Brazil}} |pop2 = 12,998,998<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200505/the.arabs.of.brazil.htm|title=Saudi Aramco World : The Arabs of Brazil|work=saudiaramcoworld.com|quote=Of Brazil’s 186 million inhabitants, an estimated nine million, or five percent, can point to roots in the Middle East}}</ref> |region3 = {{flagcountry|France|Faransiiska}} |pop3 = 5,880,000<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/node/13377324 |title=France's ethnic minorities: To count or not to count |magazine=The Economist |date=26 March 2009 |accessdate=12 July 2013}}</ref> |region4 = {{flagcountry|Honduras}} |pop4 = 4,500,000<ref name="Fearab.org.ar">{{cite web |url=http://www.fearab.org.ar/inmigracion_sirio_libanesa_en_argentina.php |title=الهجرة السورية اللبنانية إلى الأرجنتين |publisher=Fearab.org.ar |accessdate=13 April 2010 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=20 Bisha Lixaad 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620004217/http://www.fearab.org.ar/inmigracion_sirio_libanesa_en_argentina.php |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |region5 = {{flagcountry|USA}} |pop5 = 3,500,000<ref name="The Arab American Institute">{{cite web |url=http://www.aaiusa.org/arab-americans/22/demographics |title=The Arab American Institute |publisher=Aaiusa.org |accessdate=17 September 2011 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=1 June 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060601221810/http://www.aaiusa.org/arab-americans/22/demographics |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |region6 = {{flagcountry|Turkey}} |pop6 = 1.800.000 -2.600.000<ref name=JoshuaProject>{{cite web|url=http://www.joshuaproject.net/countries.php?rog3=TU|title=Country - Turkey :: Joshua Project Joshua Project|author=Joshua Project|publisher=|accessdate=24 March 2015}}</ref> |region8 = {{flagcountry|Israel}} |pop8 = 1,7500,000 <ref>https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210513-arabs-of-israel-minority-with-deep-seated-grievances</ref>. |region9 = {{flagcountry|Venezuela}} |pop9 = 1,600,000<ref name="thedailybeast.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/09/15/abdel-el-zabayar-from-parliament-to-the-frontlines.html|title=Abdel el-Zabayar: From Parliament to the Frontlines|work=The Daily Beast}}</ref> |region10 = {{flagcountry|Colombia}} |pop10 = 1,500,000<ref name="Las mil y una historias">{{cite web|title= Las mil y una historias|url= http://www.semana.com/especiales/articulo/las-mil-historias/68653-3|publisher= semana.com|year= 2004|language= Spanish}}There is an estimated population of 1,500,000 Arabs in Colombia.</ref> |region11 = {{flagcountry|Iran}} |pop11 = 1,500,000<ref name="Iran">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html|title=Iran|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203093100/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html|archivedate=3 February 2012|accessdate=3 August 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive}}</ref> |region12 = {{flagcountry|Italy}} |pop12 = 1,500,000<ref>{{Cite web|title = Islam in Italy - Euro-Islam: News and Analysis on Islam in Europe and North America|url = http://www.euro-islam.info/country-profiles/italy/|website = www.euro-islam.info|access-date = 2016-02-09}}</ref> |region13 = {{flagcountry|Chad}} |pop13 = 1,400,000<ref name="cia.gov">{{cite web |url=http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cd.html |title=Iran |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424020620/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cd.html |archivedate=24 April 2013 |accessdate=3 August 2013}}</ref> |region14 = {{flagcountry|Mexico}} |pop14 = 1,100,000 <ref>{{cite web|author=Ben Cahoon |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Mexico.htm |title=World Statesmen.org |publisher=World Statesmen.org |date= |accessdate=2011-09-17}}</ref> |region15 = {{flagcountry|Chile}} |pop15 = 1,000,000<ref name="aurora-israel.co.il">{{es icon}} [http://www.aurora-israel.co.il/articulos/israel/Titulares/24782/ En Chile viven unas 700.000 personas de origen árabe y de ellas 500.000 son descendientes de emigrantes palestinos que llegaron a comienzos del siglo pasado y que constituyen la comunidad de ese origen más grande fuera del mundo árabe.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aurora-israel.co.il/articulos/israel/Titulares/24782/ |date=20100610201209 }}</ref> |region16 = {{flagcountry|Canada}} |pop16 = 650,000 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-621-x/89-621-x2007009-eng.htm |title=Statistics Canada |publisher=Statistics Canada |date= |accessdate=2013-07-16 }}</ref> |region17 = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |pop17 = 500,000 <ref>{{cite web|title=The British Arab|url=http://www.naba.org.uk/CONTENT/articles/Diaspora/british_arabs.htm|publisher=National Association of British Arabs|accessdate=17 April 2012|author= Anthony McRoy}}</ref> |region18 = {{flagcountry|Germany}} |pop18 = 500,000<ref name="cz-herborn.de">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.cz-herborn.de/arabische/ |access-date=2016-07-25 |archive-date=2013-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235841/http://www.cz-herborn.de/arabische/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |region19 = {{flagcountry|Netherlands}} |pop19 = 480,000<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.media-citizenship.eu/images/stories/pdf/Amsterdam_national_focus_group_report.pdf|title=Dutch media perceived as much more biased than Arabic media – Media & Citizenship Report conducted by University of Utrecht|periodical=Utrecht University|date=10 September 2010|accessdate=29 November 2010|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=28 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228151603/http://www.media-citizenship.eu/images/stories/pdf/Amsterdam_national_focus_group_report.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |region20 = {{flagcountry|Australia}} |pop20 = 350,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elecpress.monash.edu.au/pnp/free/pnpv7n4/v7n4_3price.pdf|title=Monash University Research Repository|publisher=|accessdate=24 March 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=15 April 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050415074055/http://elecpress.monash.edu.au/pnp/free/pnpv7n4/v7n4_3price.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |region21 = {{flagcountry|Argentina}} |pop21 = 275,000 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200104/the.arabs.of.honduras.htm |title=The Arabs of Honduras |publisher=Saudi Aramco World |date= |accessdate=2014-04-08 }}</ref> |languages = [[Carabi|Noocyo badan Af Carabi ah]], Lahjado Suuqi ah,<ref>[http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-4477 Kister, M.J. "Ķuāḍa." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 10 April 2008] {{Wayback|url=http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-4477 |date=20190713113954 }}: "The name is an early one and can be traced in fragments of the old Arab poetry. The tribes recorded as Ķuḍā'ī were: Kalb [q.v.], Djuhayna, Balī, Bahrā' [q.v.], Khawlān [q.v.], Mahra, Khushayn, Djarm, 'Udhra [q.v.], Balkayn [see al-Kayn ], Tanūkh [q.v.] and Salīh"</ref><ref>Serge D. Elie, [http://cy.revues.org/document186.html "Hadiboh: From Peripheral Village to Emerging City"], ''Chroniques Yéménites'': "In the middle, were the Arabs who originated from different parts of the mainland (e.g., prominent Mahrî tribes10, and individuals from Hadramawt, and Aden)". Footnote 10: "Their neighbors in the West scarcely regarded them as Arabs, though they themselves consider they are of the pure stock of Himyar."</ref> [[Af Faransiis]], [[Af Ingiriis]], Af Yuhuudi, Razihi |religions=Ugu badan [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] (sidoo kale [[Shiico]], Ibadi Islam); tiro yar [[Masiixiyad]], Druzes, Bahá'í, noocyo kale,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sharif|first1=William|title=Christianity, Islam and Secular Criticism|date=2010|page=44}}</ref> iyo khuraafaad<ref>Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia - Page 332, Josef W. Meri - 2005</ref><ref>An Introduction to the Baha'i Faith - Page 88, Peter Smith - 2008</ref> |related = <!-- Please do not change this section without reaching a consensus. Jews, Assyrians etc. are already Semitic--> Kuwo kale fiiri Dadka Afroasiatic }} '''Carabta''' ({{lang-ar|عرب}}, ''‘Carab'') waa [[dad|qoomiyad dad]] ah kuwaasi oo leh asal, isir, farac iyo tafiir kala duwan; isla markaana leh [[diin]] iyo dhaqan kala duwan laakiin dhammaantood kuwada hadla [[Af Carabi|Luuqada Af Carabiga]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cags.org.ae/cb404c1.pdf |title=Genetic Disorders in Arabs |author=Ghazi Omar Tadmouri |publisher=[[Centre for Arab Genomic Studies]] |date=17 March 2011 |accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> Intaas waxaa dheer, dadka Carabta ahi waxay intooda u badan degan yihiin * [[Bariga Dhexe]]*, [[Waqooyiga Afrika]]*, iyo [[Badweynta Hindiya]]*`. ==Sidoo Kale Fiiri== * [[Islaam]] * * * [[Af Carabi]] * * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * * * [[Bariga Dhexe]] * * * [[Midowga Afrika]] * * * [[Kooxda Labaatanka]] * *`!! * [[Duni|Dunida iyo maanta]] * *`!! ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{gumud}} {{Portal bar|Carabta}} [[Category:Siyaasad]] q7dyy2h9fsw9z1f23a7fyfmfbhpi99l 240495 240492 2022-08-28T01:14:25Z Mwasoge 29030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group |group = Carabta <br/> <small>{{lang|ar|العرب}}</small> <br/> <small>''Al-ʿArab''</small> |image = |population = {{Circa|450|500 million}}<ref>Margaret Kleffner Nydell [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNoiieefqAcC&printsec Understanding Arabs: A Guide For Modern Times], Intercultural Press, 2005, ISBN 1931930252, page xxiii, 14</ref> |region1 = {{flag|Arab League|Midowga Carabta}}`!!` |pop1 = 425 milyan<ref>total population 450 million, [[CIA Factbook]] estimates an Arab population of 450 million, see article text.</ref> |region2 = {{flagcountry|Brazil}} |pop2 = 12,998,998<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200505/the.arabs.of.brazil.htm|title=Saudi Aramco World : The Arabs of Brazil|work=saudiaramcoworld.com|quote=Of Brazil’s 186 million inhabitants, an estimated nine million, or five percent, can point to roots in the Middle East}}</ref> |region3 = {{flagcountry|France|Faransiiska}} |pop3 = 5,880,000<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/node/13377324 |title=France's ethnic minorities: To count or not to count |magazine=The Economist |date=26 March 2009 |accessdate=12 July 2013}}</ref> |region4 = {{flagcountry|Honduras}} |pop4 = 4,500,000<ref name="Fearab.org.ar">{{cite web |url=http://www.fearab.org.ar/inmigracion_sirio_libanesa_en_argentina.php |title=الهجرة السورية اللبنانية إلى الأرجنتين |publisher=Fearab.org.ar |accessdate=13 April 2010 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=20 Bisha Lixaad 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620004217/http://www.fearab.org.ar/inmigracion_sirio_libanesa_en_argentina.php |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |region5 = {{flagcountry|USA}} |pop5 = 3,500,000<ref name="The Arab American Institute">{{cite web |url=http://www.aaiusa.org/arab-americans/22/demographics |title=The Arab American Institute |publisher=Aaiusa.org |accessdate=17 September 2011 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=1 June 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060601221810/http://www.aaiusa.org/arab-americans/22/demographics |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |region6 = {{flagcountry|Turkey}} |pop6 = 2.600.000<ref name=JoshuaProject>{{cite web|url=http://www.joshuaproject.net/countries.php?rog3=TU|title=Country - Turkey :: Joshua Project Joshua Project|author=Joshua Project|publisher=|accessdate=24 March 2015}}</ref> |region8 = {{flagcountry|Israel}} |pop8 = 1.650.000 <ref name="france24">{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210513-arabs-of-israel-minority-with-deep-seated-grievances|title=Arabs-of-Israel|work=france24}}</ref> |region9 = {{flagcountry|Venezuela}} |pop9 = 1,600,000<ref name="thedailybeast.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/09/15/abdel-el-zabayar-from-parliament-to-the-frontlines.html|title=Abdel el-Zabayar: From Parliament to the Frontlines|work=The Daily Beast}}</ref> |region10 = {{flagcountry|Colombia}} |pop10 = 1,500,000<ref name="Las mil y una historias">{{cite web|title= Las mil y una historias|url= http://www.semana.com/especiales/articulo/las-mil-historias/68653-3|publisher= semana.com|year= 2004|language= Spanish}}There is an estimated population of 1,500,000 Arabs in Colombia.</ref> |region11 = {{flagcountry|Iran}} |pop11 = 1,500,000<ref name="Iran">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html|title=Iran|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203093100/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html|archivedate=3 February 2012|accessdate=3 August 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive}}</ref> |region12 = {{flagcountry|Italy}} |pop12 = 1,500,000<ref>{{Cite web|title = Islam in Italy - Euro-Islam: News and Analysis on Islam in Europe and North America|url = http://www.euro-islam.info/country-profiles/italy/|website = www.euro-islam.info|access-date = 2016-02-09}}</ref> |region13 = {{flagcountry|Chad}} |pop13 = 1,400,000<ref name="cia.gov">{{cite web |url=http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cd.html |title=Iran |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424020620/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cd.html |archivedate=24 April 2013 |accessdate=3 August 2013}}</ref> |region14 = {{flagcountry|Mexico}} |pop14 = 1,100,000 <ref>{{cite web|author=Ben Cahoon |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Mexico.htm |title=World Statesmen.org |publisher=World Statesmen.org |date= |accessdate=2011-09-17}}</ref> |region15 = {{flagcountry|Chile}} |pop15 = 1,000,000<ref name="aurora-israel.co.il">{{es icon}} [http://www.aurora-israel.co.il/articulos/israel/Titulares/24782/ En Chile viven unas 700.000 personas de origen árabe y de ellas 500.000 son descendientes de emigrantes palestinos que llegaron a comienzos del siglo pasado y que constituyen la comunidad de ese origen más grande fuera del mundo árabe.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aurora-israel.co.il/articulos/israel/Titulares/24782/ |date=20100610201209 }}</ref> |region16 = {{flagcountry|Canada}} |pop16 = 650,000 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-621-x/89-621-x2007009-eng.htm |title=Statistics Canada |publisher=Statistics Canada |date= |accessdate=2013-07-16 }}</ref> |region17 = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |pop17 = 500,000 <ref>{{cite web|title=The British Arab|url=http://www.naba.org.uk/CONTENT/articles/Diaspora/british_arabs.htm|publisher=National Association of British Arabs|accessdate=17 April 2012|author= Anthony McRoy}}</ref> |region18 = {{flagcountry|Germany}} |pop18 = 500,000<ref name="cz-herborn.de">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.cz-herborn.de/arabische/ |access-date=2016-07-25 |archive-date=2013-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235841/http://www.cz-herborn.de/arabische/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |region19 = {{flagcountry|Netherlands}} |pop19 = 480,000<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.media-citizenship.eu/images/stories/pdf/Amsterdam_national_focus_group_report.pdf|title=Dutch media perceived as much more biased than Arabic media – Media & Citizenship Report conducted by University of Utrecht|periodical=Utrecht University|date=10 September 2010|accessdate=29 November 2010|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=28 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228151603/http://www.media-citizenship.eu/images/stories/pdf/Amsterdam_national_focus_group_report.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |region20 = {{flagcountry|Australia}} |pop20 = 350,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elecpress.monash.edu.au/pnp/free/pnpv7n4/v7n4_3price.pdf|title=Monash University Research Repository|publisher=|accessdate=24 March 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=15 April 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050415074055/http://elecpress.monash.edu.au/pnp/free/pnpv7n4/v7n4_3price.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |region21 = {{flagcountry|Argentina}} |pop21 = 275,000 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200104/the.arabs.of.honduras.htm |title=The Arabs of Honduras |publisher=Saudi Aramco World |date= |accessdate=2014-04-08 }}</ref> |languages = [[Carabi|Noocyo badan Af Carabi ah]], Lahjado Suuqi ah,<ref>[http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-4477 Kister, M.J. "Ķuāḍa." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 10 April 2008] {{Wayback|url=http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-4477 |date=20190713113954 }}: "The name is an early one and can be traced in fragments of the old Arab poetry. The tribes recorded as Ķuḍā'ī were: Kalb [q.v.], Djuhayna, Balī, Bahrā' [q.v.], Khawlān [q.v.], Mahra, Khushayn, Djarm, 'Udhra [q.v.], Balkayn [see al-Kayn ], Tanūkh [q.v.] and Salīh"</ref><ref>Serge D. Elie, [http://cy.revues.org/document186.html "Hadiboh: From Peripheral Village to Emerging City"], ''Chroniques Yéménites'': "In the middle, were the Arabs who originated from different parts of the mainland (e.g., prominent Mahrî tribes10, and individuals from Hadramawt, and Aden)". Footnote 10: "Their neighbors in the West scarcely regarded them as Arabs, though they themselves consider they are of the pure stock of Himyar."</ref> [[Af Faransiis]], [[Af Ingiriis]], Af Yuhuudi, Razihi |religions=Ugu badan [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] (sidoo kale [[Shiico]], Ibadi Islam); tiro yar [[Masiixiyad]], Druzes, Bahá'í, noocyo kale,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sharif|first1=William|title=Christianity, Islam and Secular Criticism|date=2010|page=44}}</ref> iyo khuraafaad<ref>Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia - Page 332, Josef W. Meri - 2005</ref><ref>An Introduction to the Baha'i Faith - Page 88, Peter Smith - 2008</ref> |related = <!-- Please do not change this section without reaching a consensus. Jews, Assyrians etc. are already Semitic--> Kuwo kale fiiri Dadka Afroasiatic }} '''Carabta''' ({{lang-ar|عرب}}, ''‘Carab'') waa [[dad|qoomiyad dad]] ah kuwaasi oo leh asal, isir, farac iyo tafiir kala duwan; isla markaana leh [[diin]] iyo dhaqan kala duwan laakiin dhammaantood kuwada hadla [[Af Carabi|Luuqada Af Carabiga]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cags.org.ae/cb404c1.pdf |title=Genetic Disorders in Arabs |author=Ghazi Omar Tadmouri |publisher=[[Centre for Arab Genomic Studies]] |date=17 March 2011 |accessdate=4 December 2013}}</ref> Intaas waxaa dheer, dadka Carabta ahi waxay intooda u badan degan yihiin * [[Bariga Dhexe]]*, [[Waqooyiga Afrika]]*, iyo [[Badweynta Hindiya]]*`. ==Sidoo Kale Fiiri== * [[Islaam]] * * * [[Af Carabi]] * * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * * * [[Bariga Dhexe]] * * * [[Midowga Afrika]] * * * [[Kooxda Labaatanka]] * *`!! * [[Duni|Dunida iyo maanta]] * *`!! ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{gumud}} {{Portal bar|Carabta}} [[Category:Siyaasad]] 2fdndbstf888cgegi0goieg1xwl72cq 0 20517 240462 224082 2022-08-27T13:50:59Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan "Qoraalka", haku khaldin "[[Qoraa]]". [[File:Stipula_fountain_pen.jpg|thumb|350px|Qalinku waa furaha qoraalka]] '''Qoraal''' ({{lang-en|writing}}; {{lang-ar|كتابة}}) waa nidaam [[xaraf|xarfo]] loo habeeyay si kala horeeysa taasi oo loo isticmaalo in lagu gudbiyo ama keydiyo fariin, warbixin, aqoon iyo akhbaar. Wax-qoridu waxay ka mid tahay [[isgaarsiin]]ta dadka taasi oo ka turjunta [[luuqad]]a, dareenka iyo macluumaadka dadka. Sida caadiga ah, qoraalku waa lamaanaha hadalka, sababto ah qoraalka ayaa hadal loo bedeli karaa ama hadal ayaa qoraal laga dhigi karaa. Sidaasi darteed ayaa wax-qoristu qeyb uga tahay aasaaska isgaarsiinta aadahama. ==Sharaxaad== [[File:R.publication Somali language.jpg|thumb|350px|Daabacadaha [[Af Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]] Qoraalku waa astaamo ka samaysan xarfo kaasi oo kooxdii dad ahi isla taqaano isla markaana ku salaysan dhawaaqa [[luuqad]]. Tusaale ahaa, [[Af-Soomaali]]gu wuxuu leeyahay [[Far Soomaali|hab qoris u gaar ah]]; taasi oo ka bilaabanta [[alifbeet]], xarfo, iyo ereyo la iskuxidhay. Sidoo kale, alifbeetku waa aasaaska dhamaan wax qorista far. Tusaale ahaan, [[Af Soomaali]]gu wuxuu leeyahay dhowr nooc oo [[Far Soomaali]] ah, laakiin waxaa si sharci ah loo isticmaala qaabka ''laatiiniga'' oo [[Soomaaliya|dowlada Soomaaliya]] sharciyeysay horaantii sanadihii 1970kii.<ref> Daniels and Bright (1996), pp 92–96</ref> ==Qoraa== [[File:Orhan_pamuk_u01_72.jpg|thumb|350px|Qoraa Turki ah]] [[File:Gandhi_writing_1942.jpg|thumb|350px|[[Mahatma Gandhi]] oo wax Qoraya]] '''[[Qoraa]]''' ({{lang-ar|كاتب}}; {{lang-en|Writer}}) waa qofka allifa qora buugaagta sheekooyinka, kitaabada iyo riwaayadaha. qoraanimadu waa noocyo badantahay waxayna cuskantahay hibada wax qoraal ee dadka qaar ilaahay siiyo, oo lama oranayo cid walboo wax qortaa waa qoraa, saasoo ay tahayna qoraanida waxaa lagu kasban karaa aqoonta iyo wax barashada. Qoraa wadartiisu waa ''Qoraayo'', waxa la qoro waa '''Qoraal''', meesha la dhigo waxa la qorayna waa '''Qor'ool '''(Maktabad) [[File:Wachtturm Sprachen Selters.jpg|600px|thumb|center|Daabacaadaha oo boqolaal luqaddood ku qoran<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/majallado/munaaradda-waardiyaha-Lam3-2020-sebtembar-oktoobar/barakooyin-weligood-ah-oo-Ilaahay-ka-yimid/ Majallado]</ref>]] ==Muuqaalo== <gallery> File:Macro Biro writing2.jpg File:Escribano.jpg File:Aedilian inscription of Carthage, detail.jpg File:Ba`alat.png File:Ethiopic genesis (ch. 29, v. 11-16), 15th century (The S.S. Teacher's Edition-The Holy Bible - Plate XII, 1).jpg File:A Specimen by William Caslon.jpg File:ZographensisColour.jpg </gallery> ==Qoraalo Kale== *[[Far]] *[[Qoraa]] *[[Far Soomaali]] *[[Soomaali Alifbeet]] *[[Farta Boorama]] *[[Farta Cismaaniya]] *[[Farta laatiinka]] ==Linkiyo kale== {{commons|category:Alphabet}} * [http://ilovetypography.com/2010/08/07/where-does-the-alphabet-come-from/ The Origins of abc] * [http://www.uca.edu.ar/esp/sec-ffilosofia/esp/docs-institutos/s-cehao/boletin/damqatum3_eng2007.pdf "Language, Writing and Alphabet: An Interview with Christophe Rico"], ''Damqātum 3'' (2007) * Michael Everson's [http://www.evertype.com/alphabets/index.html Alphabets of Europe] * [http://www.wam.umd.edu/~rfradkin/alphapage.html Evolution of alphabets] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wam.umd.edu/~rfradkin/alphapage.html |date=20080517075022 }}, animation by Prof. Robert Fradkin at the University of Maryland * [http://www.bib-arch.org/bar/article.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=36&Issue=2&ArticleID=6 How the Alphabet Was Born from Hieroglyphs] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bib-arch.org/bar/article.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=36&Issue=2&ArticleID=6 |date=20100429051634 }} — Biblical Archaeology Review * [https://skydrive.live.com/?cid=e39b50d7d9ea3235&id=E39B50D7D9EA3235%21105#!/view.aspx?cid=E39B50D7D9EA3235&resid=E39B50D7D9EA3235%21126&app=WordPdf An Early Hellenic Alphabet] {{Wayback|url=https://skydrive.live.com/?cid=e39b50d7d9ea3235&id=E39B50D7D9EA3235%21105#!/view.aspx?cid=E39B50D7D9EA3235&resid=E39B50D7D9EA3235%21126&app=WordPdf |date=20140115125312 }} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Aqoon]] [[Category:Cilmi]] [[Category:Qoraal]] [[Category:Farta]] [[Category:Far Soomaali]] qfnhztpxpsuz4hylzc3kpiftgkqcpiy 240463 240462 2022-08-27T13:51:08Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan "Qoraalka", haku khaldin "[[Qoraa]]". [[File:Stipula_fountain_pen.jpg|thumb|350px|Qalinku waa furaha qoraalka]] '''Qoraal''' ({{lang-en|writing}}; {{lang-ar|كتابة}}) waa nidaam [[xaraf|xarfo]] loo habeeyay si kala horeeysa taasi oo loo isticmaalo in lagu gudbiyo ama keydiyo fariin, warbixin, aqoon iyo akhbaar. Wax-qoridu waxay ka mid tahay [[isgaarsiin]]ta dadka taasi oo ka turjunta [[luuqad]]a, dareenka iyo macluumaadka dadka. Sida caadiga ah, qoraalku waa lamaanaha hadalka, sababto ah qoraalka ayaa hadal loo bedeli karaa ama hadal ayaa qoraal laga dhigi karaa. Sidaasi darteed ayaa wax-qoristu qeyb uga tahay aasaaska isgaarsiinta aadahama. ==Sharaxaad== [[File:R.publication Somali language.jpg|thumb|350px|Daabacadaha [[Af Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]]]] Qoraalku waa astaamo ka samaysan xarfo kaasi oo kooxdii dad ahi isla taqaano isla markaana ku salaysan dhawaaqa [[luuqad]]. Tusaale ahaa, [[Af-Soomaali]]gu wuxuu leeyahay [[Far Soomaali|hab qoris u gaar ah]]; taasi oo ka bilaabanta [[alifbeet]], xarfo, iyo ereyo la iskuxidhay. Sidoo kale, alifbeetku waa aasaaska dhamaan wax qorista far. Tusaale ahaan, [[Af Soomaali]]gu wuxuu leeyahay dhowr nooc oo [[Far Soomaali]] ah, laakiin waxaa si sharci ah loo isticmaala qaabka ''laatiiniga'' oo [[Soomaaliya|dowlada Soomaaliya]] sharciyeysay horaantii sanadihii 1970kii.<ref> Daniels and Bright (1996), pp 92–96</ref> ==Qoraa== [[File:Orhan_pamuk_u01_72.jpg|thumb|350px|Qoraa Turki ah]] [[File:Gandhi_writing_1942.jpg|thumb|350px|[[Mahatma Gandhi]] oo wax Qoraya]] '''[[Qoraa]]''' ({{lang-ar|كاتب}}; {{lang-en|Writer}}) waa qofka allifa qora buugaagta sheekooyinka, kitaabada iyo riwaayadaha. qoraanimadu waa noocyo badantahay waxayna cuskantahay hibada wax qoraal ee dadka qaar ilaahay siiyo, oo lama oranayo cid walboo wax qortaa waa qoraa, saasoo ay tahayna qoraanida waxaa lagu kasban karaa aqoonta iyo wax barashada. Qoraa wadartiisu waa ''Qoraayo'', waxa la qoro waa '''Qoraal''', meesha la dhigo waxa la qorayna waa '''Qor'ool '''(Maktabad) [[File:Wachtturm Sprachen Selters.jpg|600px|thumb|center|Daabacaadaha oo boqolaal luqaddood ku qoran<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/majallado/munaaradda-waardiyaha-Lam3-2020-sebtembar-oktoobar/barakooyin-weligood-ah-oo-Ilaahay-ka-yimid/ Majallado]</ref>]] ==Muuqaalo== <gallery> File:Macro Biro writing2.jpg File:Escribano.jpg File:Aedilian inscription of Carthage, detail.jpg File:Ba`alat.png File:Ethiopic genesis (ch. 29, v. 11-16), 15th century (The S.S. Teacher's Edition-The Holy Bible - Plate XII, 1).jpg File:A Specimen by William Caslon.jpg File:ZographensisColour.jpg </gallery> ==Qoraalo Kale== *[[Far]] *[[Qoraa]] *[[Far Soomaali]] *[[Soomaali Alifbeet]] *[[Farta Boorama]] *[[Farta Cismaaniya]] *[[Farta laatiinka]] ==Linkiyo kale== {{commons|category:Alphabet}} * [http://ilovetypography.com/2010/08/07/where-does-the-alphabet-come-from/ The Origins of abc] * [http://www.uca.edu.ar/esp/sec-ffilosofia/esp/docs-institutos/s-cehao/boletin/damqatum3_eng2007.pdf "Language, Writing and Alphabet: An Interview with Christophe Rico"], ''Damqātum 3'' (2007) * Michael Everson's [http://www.evertype.com/alphabets/index.html Alphabets of Europe] * [http://www.wam.umd.edu/~rfradkin/alphapage.html Evolution of alphabets] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wam.umd.edu/~rfradkin/alphapage.html |date=20080517075022 }}, animation by Prof. Robert Fradkin at the University of Maryland * [http://www.bib-arch.org/bar/article.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=36&Issue=2&ArticleID=6 How the Alphabet Was Born from Hieroglyphs] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bib-arch.org/bar/article.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=36&Issue=2&ArticleID=6 |date=20100429051634 }} — Biblical Archaeology Review * [https://skydrive.live.com/?cid=e39b50d7d9ea3235&id=E39B50D7D9EA3235%21105#!/view.aspx?cid=E39B50D7D9EA3235&resid=E39B50D7D9EA3235%21126&app=WordPdf An Early Hellenic Alphabet] {{Wayback|url=https://skydrive.live.com/?cid=e39b50d7d9ea3235&id=E39B50D7D9EA3235%21105#!/view.aspx?cid=E39B50D7D9EA3235&resid=E39B50D7D9EA3235%21126&app=WordPdf |date=20140115125312 }} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Aqoon]] [[Category:Cilmi]] [[Category:Qoraal]] [[Category:Farta]] [[Category:Far Soomaali]] 2atg1a2lk4mic4hwmnnxptg6lush274 240464 240463 2022-08-27T13:51:34Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan "Qoraalka", haku khaldin "[[Qoraa]]". [[File:Stipula_fountain_pen.jpg|thumb|350px|Qalinku waa furaha qoraalka]] '''Qoraal''' ({{lang-en|writing}}; {{lang-ar|كتابة}}) waa nidaam [[xaraf|xarfo]] loo habeeyay si kala horeeysa taasi oo loo isticmaalo in lagu gudbiyo ama keydiyo fariin, warbixin, aqoon iyo akhbaar. Wax-qoridu waxay ka mid tahay [[isgaarsiin]]ta dadka taasi oo ka turjunta [[luuqad]]a, dareenka iyo macluumaadka dadka. Sida caadiga ah, qoraalku waa lamaanaha hadalka, sababto ah qoraalka ayaa hadal loo bedeli karaa ama hadal ayaa qoraal laga dhigi karaa. Sidaasi darteed ayaa wax-qoristu qeyb uga tahay aasaaska isgaarsiinta aadahama. ==Sharaxaad== [[File:R.publication Somali language.jpg|thumb|350px|Daabacadaha [[Af Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]]]] Qoraalku waa astaamo ka samaysan xarfo kaasi oo kooxdii dad ahi isla taqaano isla markaana ku salaysan dhawaaqa [[luuqad]]. Tusaale ahaa, [[Af-Soomaali]]gu wuxuu leeyahay [[Far Soomaali|hab qoris u gaar ah]]; taasi oo ka bilaabanta [[alifbeet]], xarfo, iyo ereyo la iskuxidhay. Sidoo kale, alifbeetku waa aasaaska dhamaan wax qorista far. Tusaale ahaan, [[Af Soomaali]]gu wuxuu leeyahay dhowr nooc oo [[Far Soomaali]] ah, laakiin waxaa si sharci ah loo isticmaala qaabka ''laatiiniga'' oo [[Soomaaliya|dowlada Soomaaliya]] sharciyeysay horaantii sanadihii 1970kii.<ref> Daniels and Bright (1996), pp 92–96</ref> ==Qoraa== [[File:Orhan_pamuk_u01_72.jpg|thumb|350px|Qoraa Turki ah]] [[File:Gandhi_writing_1942.jpg|thumb|350px|[[Mahatma Gandhi]] oo wax Qoraya]] '''[[Qoraa]]''' ({{lang-ar|كاتب}}; {{lang-en|Writer}}) waa qofka allifa qora buugaagta sheekooyinka, kitaabada iyo riwaayadaha. qoraanimadu waa noocyo badantahay waxayna cuskantahay hibada wax qoraal ee dadka qaar ilaahay siiyo, oo lama oranayo cid walboo wax qortaa waa qoraa, saasoo ay tahayna qoraanida waxaa lagu kasban karaa aqoonta iyo wax barashada. Qoraa wadartiisu waa ''Qoraayo'', waxa la qoro waa '''Qoraal''', meesha la dhigo waxa la qorayna waa '''Qor'ool '''(Maktabad) [[File:Wachtturm Sprachen Selters.jpg|600px|thumb|center|Daabacaadaha oo boqolaal luqaddood ku qoran]] ==Muuqaalo== <gallery> File:Macro Biro writing2.jpg File:Escribano.jpg File:Aedilian inscription of Carthage, detail.jpg File:Ba`alat.png File:Ethiopic genesis (ch. 29, v. 11-16), 15th century (The S.S. Teacher's Edition-The Holy Bible - Plate XII, 1).jpg File:A Specimen by William Caslon.jpg File:ZographensisColour.jpg </gallery> ==Qoraalo Kale== *[[Far]] *[[Qoraa]] *[[Far Soomaali]] *[[Soomaali Alifbeet]] *[[Farta Boorama]] *[[Farta Cismaaniya]] *[[Farta laatiinka]] ==Linkiyo kale== {{commons|category:Alphabet}} * [http://ilovetypography.com/2010/08/07/where-does-the-alphabet-come-from/ The Origins of abc] * [http://www.uca.edu.ar/esp/sec-ffilosofia/esp/docs-institutos/s-cehao/boletin/damqatum3_eng2007.pdf "Language, Writing and Alphabet: An Interview with Christophe Rico"], ''Damqātum 3'' (2007) * Michael Everson's [http://www.evertype.com/alphabets/index.html Alphabets of Europe] * [http://www.wam.umd.edu/~rfradkin/alphapage.html Evolution of alphabets] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wam.umd.edu/~rfradkin/alphapage.html |date=20080517075022 }}, animation by Prof. Robert Fradkin at the University of Maryland * [http://www.bib-arch.org/bar/article.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=36&Issue=2&ArticleID=6 How the Alphabet Was Born from Hieroglyphs] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bib-arch.org/bar/article.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=36&Issue=2&ArticleID=6 |date=20100429051634 }} — Biblical Archaeology Review * [https://skydrive.live.com/?cid=e39b50d7d9ea3235&id=E39B50D7D9EA3235%21105#!/view.aspx?cid=E39B50D7D9EA3235&resid=E39B50D7D9EA3235%21126&app=WordPdf An Early Hellenic Alphabet] {{Wayback|url=https://skydrive.live.com/?cid=e39b50d7d9ea3235&id=E39B50D7D9EA3235%21105#!/view.aspx?cid=E39B50D7D9EA3235&resid=E39B50D7D9EA3235%21126&app=WordPdf |date=20140115125312 }} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Aqoon]] [[Category:Cilmi]] [[Category:Qoraal]] [[Category:Farta]] [[Category:Far Soomaali]] egt51714svvqtz12vxm8fvwh17rqh3u 0 20554 240472 224383 2022-08-27T19:29:31Z 192.145.175.223 131014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Government agency |agency_name = Wasaaradda Waxbarashada |type = |nativename = ''Ministry of Education'' |nativename_a = وزارة التعليم |nativename_r = |logo = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg |logo_width = 150px |logo_caption = [[Astaanta Qaranka ee Soomaaliya]] |jurisdiction = [[Soomaaliya]] |headquarters = [[Muqdisho]] {{flagicon|Somalia}} |coordinates = {{Coord|2|2|24|N|45|20|46|E|display=title}} |formed = {{Start date and age|1960|df=y|p=y}} |minister1_name = |minister1_pfo = |chief1_name = [[eng abdullahi abukra xaji]] |chief1_position = Wasiirka Wasaaradda Waxbarashada Iyo Tacliinta Sare |chief2_name = |chief2_position = |chief3_name = |chief3_position = |parent_agency = [[Golaha Wasiirada Soomaaliya]] |child1_agency = |child2_agency = |website = http://www.moe.gov.so }} '''Wasaaradda Waxbarashada Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-so|Ministry of Education of Somalia}}; {{lang-ar|وزارة التعليم}}) waa [[Golaha Wasiirada Soomaaliya|Wasaarada]] Masuulka ka ah Guud ahaan Waxbarashada Wadanka [[Soomaaliya]]. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://horseedmedia.net/2016/06/25/somalia-pm-sharmarke-sacks-two-prominent-women-ministers/|date= June 25, 2016|title=PM Sharmarke sacks two prominent female ministers|work=horseedmedia}}</ref> ==Habka iyo Nidaamka Wasaarada== * Wasiirka Waxbarashada **Wasiir ku xigeen *** Xoghayaha Guud *** Ku xigeenka Xoghayaha Guud **** Waaxda Dhaqaalaha **** Waaxda Horumarinta Waxbarashada **** Xafiiska Imtixaanada ***[[Xafiiska Horumarinta Manaahijta]] **** Waaxda Nidaaminta **** Waaxda Maamulka iyo Habaynta == S131014 == *[[Waxbarashada Soomaaliya]] *[[Golaha Wasiirada Soomaaliya]] *[[Guddiga Af Soomaaliga]] ==Xigasho== {{Reflist}} {{Wasaaradaha Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Wasaaradaha Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Siyaasadda Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dawladda Soomaaliya]] joarwv4hpc7x6wd59chma7ieml3i57v 0 27791 240475 240331 2022-08-27T20:25:09Z 74.12.157.34 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Soomaaliya}} {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{Coord|10|N|49|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Soomaaliya | common_name = Somalia | native_name = Federal Republic of Somalia</br>جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_coat =Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | national_anthem = "{{lang|so|[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]|italic=no}}"<Br><center>[[File:Somalian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]</center> | image_map = Somalia (orthographic projection).svg | map_caption = Meelaha ay maamusho Dowlada Somalia waxaa lagu muujiyay cagaar madow ah; meelaha ay maamusho dowladda somaliland waxaa lagu muujiyay cagaar khafiif ah. Soonayaasha la maamulaayo waa mida waqtigaan xaadirka.<!-- Parameter is earmarked for text description of location of country per [[Template:Infobox_country#Syntax]]. --> | image_map2 = Somalia - Location Map (2011) - SOM - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[Muqdisho]] | coordinates = {{Coord|2|2|N|45|21|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Soomaali|Soomaali]] | [[Af-Carabi|Carabi]]}} | languages_type = Afafka qalaad | languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriis]]|[[Af-Taliyaani|Talyaani]]<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ita ethnologue.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&category=&publisher=&type=LEGISLATION&coi=SOM&rid=456d621e2&docid=4795c2d22&skip=0 Scuola media di Mogadiscio]</ref>}} | religion = [[Islam]] | demonym = [[Soomaalida]] | government_type = [[Federation|Federaal]] [[Baarlamaanka Jamhuuriyadda]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweynaha]] | leader_name1 = [[Hasan Sheekh Maxamuud]],[[PDP]] | leader_title2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Raiisul wasaaraha]] | [[Mohamed Hussein Roble]] | legislature = [[Baarlamaanka Dowlada Fadaraalka||Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] | sovereignty_type = [[Taariikhda Soomaaliya|Samaynta]] | established_event9 = [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska Somaliland]] | established_date9 = 1884 | established_event10 = [[Boqortooyada Talyaaniga Somaliland]] | established_date10 = 1889 | established_event11 = ka xoroobay [[Boqortooyada Talyaaniga]] | established_date11 = 1 Juulyo 1960 | established_event12 = [[Qaraarka Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay 141|Qaraarka Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay]] ogolaashaha [[Qaramada Midoobay]] | established_date12 = 20 Sebteembar 1960 | established_event13 = [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka hadda]] | established_date13 = 1 Agoosto 2012 | area_km2 = 637,657 | area_rank = 43rd <!--should be same as listed on [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 246,200 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | percent_water = | population_estimate = 11,031,386 | population_estimate_year = 2017 | population_estimate_rank = {{smaller|76th}} | population_density_km2 = 19.31<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161003235053/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/arabstates/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf UNFPA Somali Population Survey 2014]. Somalia.unfpa.org (6 April 2014). Retrieved 6 October 2016.</ref> | population_density_sq_mi = 41.73 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | GDP_PPP = [[United States dollar|US$]] | GDP_PPP_year = 61 | GDP_PPP_rank = 75 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]3077.23 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 100 | GDP_nominal = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]9.0 Billion Dollars | GDP_nominal_year = | GDP_nominal_rank = {{smaller|114th}} | GDP_nominal_per_capita = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]2716 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = {{smaller|133rd}} | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI = <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank =153 | currency = [[Shilin Soomaali]] | currency_code = $1=100 SOS | time_zone = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Lambarka Taleefoonada Soomaaliya|+252]] | cctld = [[.so]] | today = |leader_name2=[[xamse cabdi barre]]}} '''Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|Somalia}}, [[Carabi|Af Carabi]] الصومال), sida rasmiga ah loo yaqaano '''Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|Federal Republic of Somalia}}) (waxaa hore loo oran jirey [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]] xiligii hore ee Hantiwadaaga), oo sii dhaxal ahaana loo yaqaano '''Soomaal''' waa [[Dowlad]] iyo wadan dhacda [[Geeska afrika|Geeska Afrika]] ama Foolalka [[Afrika]] ee kasii socda [[Marinka Gardafuul]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay maamul goboleedyo sida [[Puntland]], [[Jubaland]], [[Galmudug]], [[Hirshabeelle]], [[Koonfur Galbeed]]. Waxaa ka xiga bariga [[marinka Gardafuul]] iyo [[Seyshelles]], iyo [[Soqotra]] iyo [[badda Soomaal]], koofuurna [[Kenya]]. Waxaa ku nool dad [[Faanyahan]] ah, iyo dadka [[Dhul-hoos Bari Kushiitik]] ah. Waxaa dawlada Soomaaliya ka horeeyay boqortooyada [[Diiriye Guure]]. Juquraafi ahaan [[Kiinya]] Koofur galbeed, iyo [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] woqooyiga iyo [[Marinka Gardafuul]] bariga iyo [[Itoobiya]] galbeedka. Waxay leedahay xad badeedka ugu dheer qaaradda Afrika. Waxaa kala duwan qaabka dhulka kuwaas oo kala ah [[Buur|Buuro]], [[Dul]] iyo [[Bannaan]]. Cimiladeeda oo ah lama degaan kulul dhamaan sanadka iyada oo ay jiraan xoogaa dabaylo xilliyeed iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. [[File:ShenDuGiraffePainting.jpg|thumb|right|250px|]] [[File:Somalia scramble for africa period geledi hobyo huwan, Diiriye Guure kingdom.png|thumb|right|195px|]] [[File:Somshil5r.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] [[File:Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud-vf.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Soomaaliya xilliyadii hore waxay ahayd meelaha ugu muhiimsan [[Ganacsi|ganacsiga]] caalamiga ah ee ka dhexeeyay dawladihii hore ee caalamka. Xilli ay ahaayeen Badmareenada iyo ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed kuwo dhoofiya [[Luubaan]]ta iyo [[Malmal]]sha taasoo ka dhignayd kuwo u soo saari jiray [[Masar|Masartii hore]], Fiiniqiyiintii, Maysuuniyiintii iyo Baabil taasoo isku xiri jirtay dhammaan gaadiidka Awrta ama [[Geel]]a ganacsiga Soomaaliyeed waxay la wadaageen [[Soomaalida]] xiriir ganacsi.<ref>Phoenicia pg 199</ref><ref>The Aromatherapy Book by Jeanne Rose and John Hulburd pg 94</ref> Sida ay la tahay in badan oo taariikhyahano ah iyo kuwa dhiga taariikhda, waxay cadeeyeen Soomaaliya in ay tahay meesha lagu tilmaamay dhukii Buntiga ee hore taasoo la lahayd xiriir wanaagsan Faraaciintii [[Masar]] gaar ahaan xilligii [[Fircoon]] "saaxuurac" ee ka midka ahaa boqoradii [[Masar]] casrigii Dawladdii hore, iyo boqortooyadii "Xatshabsuut" ee ka mid aheeyd boqoradii qoyskii reer masar ee sideed iyo tobanaad casrigii dawladda cusub.<ref>Egypt: 3000 Years of Civilization Brought to Life By Christine El Mahdy</ref><ref>Ancient perspectives on Egypt By Roger Matthews, Cornelia Roemer, University College, London.</ref><ref>Africa's legacies of urbanization: unfolding saga of a continent By Stefan Goodwin</ref><ref>Civilizations: Culture, Ambition, and the Transformation of Nature By Felipe Armesto Fernandez</ref> Waxaa loo malaynayaa arrinkaas dhismeyaasha Ahraamta iyo Macbadyo iyo dhismeyaal ee lagu dhisay Garanayt iyo Shiil Cad taasoo loo malaynayo waqtigeeda isla xililligaas una dhigma kuwa la midka ah ee dhismeyaashii msar.<ref>Man, God and Civilization pg 216</ref> sidoo kale xilliyadii hore, waxaa tartamayay dawlado kuwaasoo isku dayay in ay xiriir la yeeshaan dadyoow deganaa dhuka Soomaaliyeed sida jasiiradda xaafuun raas casayr iyo Malaw iyo Mareeg iyo dariskooda Boqrtooyadii Saba iyo Arshek iyo Boqortooyadii Aksam ee ku salaysan ganacsi iyo qaybo ka mid ah boqoro ka jiray Hindiya iyo [[Giriig]]a iyo Roomaanka.<ref>Oman in history By Peter Vine Page 324</ref> Markii ay ka soo if baxday diinta islaamka meel ku beegan geeska AfricaSoomaaliya [[Baddacas|Badda cas]] waxay soo qaateen ganacsatada iyo badmareenada soomaaliyeed ee aadi jiray Jasiirad la mooda carbeed diinta Islaamka taasoo ka dhalatay macaamilka ay la lahaayeen [[carabta]] Muslimka ah. Hijrooyinkii ay sameeyeen dad saxaabada ka mid ah meelo badan oo dunida muslimka ah qarniyadii hore ee diinta islaamku faafaysay ayaa waxay sahashay in ay soomaalidu qaadato diinta islaamka si nabad ah macalimiin Soomaaliyeedna ayna barayeen dadka, waxaa ka dhismay dhulka Soomaaliyeed dawlado iyo magaalooyin islaami ah sida magaalooyinka [[Muqdisho]], [[Baraawe]], [[Mareeg]] iyo [[Marka]], taasoo ahayad qayb ka mid ah ilbaxnimadii Soomaalida. Waxaa loo yaqiin magaalada muqdisho ''"Magaaladii Islaamka"''<ref>Society, security, sovereignty and the state in Somalia – Page 116</ref> Waxaa la joogay ganacsiga [[Dahab|dahabka]] ee ku taal [[Bariga Afrika]] qarniyo badan.<ref>East Africa: Its Peoples and Resources – Page 18</ref> iyo [[Casriyadii dhexe]], Boqotooyooyin Soomaaliyeed baa la wareegay wadooyinkii ganacsiga sida [[saldanadii Ajuuraan]] taasoo xukumaysay dhulka intii u dhexaysay qarniyadii laba iyo tobanaad ilaa todoba iyo tobanaad ciise dabadii taasoo alliftay hindisaha cilmiga dareeraha dheqdheqaaqa iyo dhismeyaasha darbi difaaca,<ref>Shaping of Somali society Lee Cassanelli pg.92</ref> Sidoo kale [[saldanadii Cadal]] taasoo [[Imaam Axmed Guray]] waa ciidankii ugu horeeyay afrika ee adeegsada Madfac dagaalkii lagula jiray xabashida<ref>Futuh Al Habash Shibab ad Din</ref> intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1529]] ilaa [[1543]], sidoo kale qoyskii Goonroon taasoo xukumi jirtay magaalada Laamu ee xiriirka la lahayd saldanada cumaan ee iyana hoos imaan jirtay [[Cusmaaniyiinta]] kaasoo ka qaadi jiray Jizyo [[suldaan axmed yuusuf]], suldaankii afaraad ee Ajuuraan kaasoo xukumayay intii u dhexaysay [[1848]] ilaa [[1878]].<ref>Sudan Notes and Records – Page 147</ref> Qarnigii sagaal iyo tobanaad kadib [[kulankii Baarliin 1884]], boqortooyooyinka yurub waxay u soo direen cidmadooda Baragiga Afrika Si ay dhulkaas caalamka istiraatiijiga u ah u qabsadaan taasoo kaliftay in [[Diiriye Guure]], aasaasihii dawladdii daraawiishta in uu ciidamo soomaali ah ka soo usruusado geeska afrika oo dhan waxay ahayd inta taariikhda la ogyahay is hortaag kii ugu weynaa ee lagu sameeyo Isticmaarka.baraawe Waxaa u suurta gashay Soomaalida ugu horayn ka hortagga Soomaalida.<ref>Politics, language, and thought: the Somali experience – Page 135</ref><ref>Africa report pg 69</ref><ref>Essentials of geography and development: concepts and processes By Don R. Hoy, Leonard Berry pg 305</ref><ref>Encyclopedia of African history – Page 1406</ref> dawladii boqortooyada Diiriye Guure waxay iska caabiyeen [[Ingiriiska]] afar mar oo isxigta waxaana lagu qasbay in ay dib ugu gurato dhanka xeebaha. waxay jabtay boqortooyda [[Diiriye Guure]] [[1920]] kadib adeegsigii Ingiriiska uu adeegsaday diyaaradaha intii dagaalka lagu jiray duqaynta [[taleex]] caasimadda ciidankii [[Diiriye Guure]] iyo dhamaan dhulkii [[Diiriye Guure]] waxaa la wareegay ciidmadii gumaysiga Ingiriiska. Sidoo kale [[Talyaaniga]] wuxuu la kulmay iska caabin kaga imaanaysay salaadiin Soomaaliyeed mana uwada suurta galin in uu wada qabsado qaybo ka mid ah dalka ee hadda loo yaqaan Dawladda Soomaaliya marka laga reebo xilligii fajiistaha dabayaaqadii sanadkii [[1927]] waxayna haysteen ilaa [[1941]] kaasoo lagu bedelay xukunkii ciidmada ee Ingiriiska. Woqooyiga Soomaaliya wuxuu sii ahaaday mustacmarad Ingiriis ah halka koofurta Soomaaliya isku bedeshay dawlad madax bannaan laakiin ay la socoto wasaayad ilaa laga gaaro midayntii labada gobol [[1960]] kuma midoobeen magaca Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya. [[File:Somrepitu.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Soomaaliya waxay xubin ka noqotay [[Jaamacada Carabta]] sanadii [[1974]]. sidoo kale Soomaaliya waxay xiriir fiican la samaysatay dadlalk afrika, waxay ka mid ahayd dawladihii aasaasay [[Midowga Afrika]], waxay taageeri jirtay ANC ee [[Koonfur Afrika]] kana soo herjeeday nidaamkii ''Apartheid'' ee cunsuriga ahaa<ref>[http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/anctoday/2007/text/at01.txt ANC Today Volume 7, No. 1, 12-18 January 2007]</ref> waxay kaloo taageertay Soomaaliya dagaalyanada [[Eratareya]] intii ay ku jirtay Eretariyiinta dagaalkii looga soo horjeeday [[Itoobiya]].<ref>Superpower diplomacy in the Horn of Africa – Page 22</ref> Iyadoo ka mid ah Dawladaha Islaamiga hadana Soomaaliya waxay ahayd aasaasayaashii [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] sidoo kale waxay xubin ka ahayd [[Qaramada Midoobay]]. Soomaaliya iyadoo dhibaato kala kulantay [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]] iyo deganaasho la'an ku baahday gudaha, waxay ku guulaysatay abuurista Suuq xor ah kana sareeya inbadan ee nidaamayada dhaqaale ee Afrika kale sida ay sheegtay daraasad ay sameeysay qaramada midobay.<ref>[http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=25433&Cr=Somalia&Cr1= UN news center. Somalia economy stronger than others in Africa, UN-backed meeting says]</ref> ==Taariikh== {{Faahfaahin|Taariikhda Soomaaliya}} {{Taariikhda Soomaaliya}} === Casrigii wixii ka horeeyay taariikhda === Dadka waxay yimaadeen dhulka Soomaaliyeed Casrigii dhagxaanta, taasoo loo celinayo sawirada lagy hardhay darbiyada godoka woqooyiga Soomaaliya sanadihii 9000 CH. gododkaas waxaa ugu caansan "Laas Geel" oo ku taal meel u dhow [[Hargaysa]] taasoo lagu arkay darbiyada mid ka mid ah kuwii ugu horeeyay ee waxa darbiyada lagu sawiray ah qaaradda afrika. sidoo kale awaxaa la helay qoraallo ku hoos qoran sawirada ama darbiyada si guud laakiin Culimada Raadraaca uma suuta galin in ay aqoonsadaan sumadaha luqadaas ama qoraalladaas marka laga reebo.<ref>Susan M. Hassig, Zawiah Abdul Latif, ''Somalia'', (Marshall Cavendish: 2007), p.22</ref> Intii lagu jiray [[Casrigii dhagaxa]] waxaa soo baxay ilabaxnimo ka jirtay meela ku dhowdhow magaalada hargaysa. Sidoo kale waxaa la helay waxa ku tusaya meel qabuuro lagu sameeyay Janaaso ee geeska afrika taasoo laga helay Soomaaliya taasoo loo malaynayo taariikhdeeda afar kun sano CH. Sidoo kale waxaa qalab laga soo saaray meesha "Galiilow" ee taariikhiga ah woqooyiga Soomaaliya taasoo ah isku xiraha Bari iyo Galbeed intii lagu jiray qarniyadii ugu horeeyay ee dadka dhulka ugu soo horeeyay.<ref>Prehistoric Implements from Somaliland by H. W. Seton-Karr pg 183</ref> [[File:Mogadishustadium.jpg|thumb|195px|alt=cecafa International Stadium |cecafa international stadium]] == Qarniyadii hore iyo waagii Diiriye Guure == Baydka [[Gunbur|pyramidical]] dhismayaasha, [[ Mooshin|mausoleums]], magaalooyinkii baabba'ay, oo derbiyadeeda dhagax, sida [[Wargaade Wall|Wall Wargaade]], waa caddayn ilbaxnimada duug ah in hal mar soo halgamay ee Jasiiradda Soomaali.<ref name="Nthos">[https://books.google.com/?id=FlL2vE_qRQ8C Njoku Raphael Chijioke The History of Somalia ABC-CLIO, 29–31]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=RO4kS1IR71sC Dalal Roshen, The Illustrated Time History of the World, 2011, The Rosen Publishing Group, 131]</ref> Ilbaxnimadani waxay ku raaxaysatay xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd [[ Masar qadiimiga ah|Masar qadiimiga ah]] iyo [[ Mycenaean Griiga|Mycenaean Giriig]] ilaa qarnigii labaad ee sano ka hor, iyagoo taageeraya fikirka ah in Soomaaliya ama gobollada ku dhow ay ahaayeen meesha [[Dhul Udug|Dhulkii]] hore [[Dhulkii punt|ee Punt]]. <ref name="Nthos" /><ref>[https://books.google.com/?id=1E13DorsFMEC Abdel Monem A. H. Sayed|first=Zahi A. Hawass (ed.), Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty Century: Archaeology, 2003, American Univ in Cairo Press, P 432–433]</ref> Puntites waxay ka ganacsan jireen [[malmal]], udgoon, dahab, alwaax, lo'di gaaban, fool maroodi iyo [[Uunsi|frankincense oo ay]] la galeen Masriyiintii, Fenisiyiinta, Baabuloonkii, Hindiya, Shiinaha iyo Roomaaniya iyagoo adeegsanaya dekedohooda ganacsi. Safarkii Masaarida u diray [[Sideed iyo tobnaad Masar|Boqortooyada 18-aad ee]] Boqortooyada [[Hatshepsut]] ayaa lagu duubay macbudyada ku yaal [[Deir el-Bahari]], xilligii boqornimadii Boqorka Puntite Parahu iyo boqoradda Ati.<ref name="Nthos" /> Sanadkii 2015kii, falanqayn gaar ah oo ku saabsan tuugadii hore ee duullaanka Punt ee loo keenay Masar hadiyado ayaa muujinaya in muunadani ay u badan tahay inay ka soo jeedaan dhul ku yaal bariga Soomaaliya iyo dariiqa Eritrea iyo Ethiopia. The '''[[Dhulkii punt|Land of Punt]]''' ( [[Luqada Masaarida|Masri]] : ''pwnt'' ; [[Luqada Masaarida|akhrinta]] kale [[Luqada Masaarida|ee loo yaqaan ']] '''Egiptological''' [[Luqada Masaarida|akhrin']] '''Pwene''' ( '''t''' ) , ku dhawaaqida / pu: nt /) waxay ahayd boqortooyo qadiim ah. Lammaane uu ganacsi ee [[Masar]], waxaa lagu yaqaan soo saarka iyo dhoofinta [[Dahab|dahabka]], beduliyum Beeyada, blackwood, haabniim, foolka maroodiga iyo xayawaanka duurjoogta ah. Gobolka waxaa lagu yaqaanaa diiwaannada qadiimiga ah ee Masaarida ee socodsiinta ganacsiga.  Waa macquul inay u dhigantaa [[Opone]] [[Dhulbaxsinta Afrika|geeska Afrika]], oo markii dambe loo yaqaanay Gariiggii hore, halka qaar ka mid ah culimada Baybalka ay ku tilmaameen dhulka kitaabiga ah ee Put ama Havilah. Soomaliya qayb ka mid ah uu ahaa [[Soomaali magaalo-goboleedyada]] in ku hawlan shabakad ganacsi faa'iido badan xira [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] baayacmushtariyaasha la [[Phenicia|Foynike]], [[Boqortooyada Ptolemaic|Ptolemic Masar]], [[Giriiga|Greece]], [[Parthia|Parthian Faaris]], [[Reer Sabaay|Saba]], [[Nabataea]] iyo [[Boqortooyada Roomaanka]] . Badmaaxiinta Soomaaliyeed ayaa adeegsaday markabkii hore ee badda Soomaaliya ee loo yaqaan ' ''[[Beden|sariirta'<nowiki/>]]'' si ay xamuulkooda u qaadaan. <ref name="ReferenceA">Journal of African History pg.50 by John Donnelly Fage and Roland Anthony Oliver</ref> ''[[Beden|<nowiki/>]]'' <Br/> ===Waagii Diiriye Guure iyo casrigii cusbaa boobkii afrika=== Ay sii hayo xilliga wasaayada Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya laakiin ay la socoto ilaalin caalami ah ee adag taasoo shuruud looga dhigay in Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya la siiyo xorriyad buuxda taban sano gudahood;<ref name = "Zolberg"/><ref name=Gates1999>Gates, Henry Louis, ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', (Oxford University Press: 1999), p.1749</ref> halka uu sii ahaanayo [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] maxmiyad Ingiriis ah ilaa laga gaaro [[1960]].<ref name=Tripodi1999>Tripodi, Paolo. ''The Colonial Legacy in Somalia'' p. 68 New York, 1999.</ref> Iyadoo ay jirtay haysashada Talyaaniga Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya kana haysata ogolaasho qaramada midoobay, laakiin xilligaas wasaayada waxay siisay soomaalida khibaradihii loo baahnaa iyo bisayl siyaasadeed iyo awood isxukun waana tusaale aya waayeen reer woqooyiga kuwaas oo markii dambe la midoobay koofurta. Iyadoo ay isku dayeen masuuliyiinta mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska bartamihii soddomeeyadii qarnigii tagay wax ka qabashada xaaladda horumarin la'aneed ee ka jirtay mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska ee Afrika, masuuliyiinta Ingriiska dhammaan isku dayadaas waxay ku dhamaatay fashil waxay sii ahaadeen mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska guud ahaan qaybta woqooyi ee Soomaaliya gaar ahaan kuwo isku mid ah marka laga hadlayo Siyaasadda Dhaqaalaha Bulshada taasoo noqon kartay mid saamayn jirta ku leh in badan oo caqabado ah taasoo soo if baxday markii la gaaray isku darka dalka oo hal maamul leh.<ref name=ChapinMetz>[http://countrystudies.us/somalia Helen Chapin Metz, ed. Somalia: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1992.]</ref> Waxaas oo dhan iyadoo ay dhaceen, Ingriisku wuxuu ku dhaqaaqay in uu culays ka soo saaro xulufadii kula jirtay dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka<ref name="Federal">Federal Research Division, ''Somalia: A Country Study'', (Kessinger Publishing, LLC: 2004), p.38</ref> in la siiyo meel gaar ah waa mid ka mid ah meelaha daaqsinka leh ee muhimka ah waxayna ahayd maxmiyad ay u saxiixday boqortooyada Ingiriiska lana saxiixatay Abasiiniya intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1884]] iyo [[1886]], ee gobolka [[Soomaali Galbeed]] oo ay degto Soomaalida Waxayna ka mid ahayd heshiisyo kale ay saxiixday Ingiriiska [[1897]] kaasoo dhigaya in lagu wareejiyo [[Itoobiya]] boqorkii Mililiq labaad taasoo oo uga badashay ciidamada Ingiriiska in laga caawiyo soo afjaridda iska caabinta kaga imaanaysa qabiillo Soomaaliyeed<ref name=Laitin1977>Laitin, David D., ''Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience'', (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), p.73</ref> billoowgii [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]]. Iyadoo ay jirtay in Ingiriisku ku daray shuruud ah in qabiilada reer guuraaga ah ee Soomaalida siiso isxukun laakiin Itoobiya isla markiiba waa ay qabsatay meelahaas،<ref name="Zolberg">Zolberg, Aristide R., et al., ''Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World'', (Oxford University Press: 1992), p.106</ref> Ingriiska wuxuu u soo bandhigay Itoobiya sanadii [[1956]] in uu ka iibsado dhulkii dhulkii uu horay ugu wareejiyay<ref name="Zolberg"/> laakiin dhandhiggaas waxaa lagala horyimid diidmo ah in aysan aqbali karin Itoobiya. Habkaas oo kale, Ingiriisku wuxuu ku wareejiyay <ref>Francis Vallat, ''First report on succession of states in respect of treaties: International Law Commission twenty-sixth session 6 May-26 July 1974'', (United Nations: 1974), p.20</ref> NFD {{En|Northern Frontier District}} taasoo ay degaan Soomaalida [[Kiinya]] waxayna dhegaha ka furaysatay aftidii horay looga qaaday gobolkaas taasoo cadaynaysay ku biirista Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya ee cusub.<ref>David D. Laitin, ''Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience'', (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), p.75</ref> Sanadii [[1958]], waxaa la sameeyay [[Jabuuti]] ee dariska ah, taasoo loo yaqiinay magaca ah Dhulka Faransiiska ee Soomaaliya waqtigaas, afti meesha ay aadayaan ah in ay Soomaaliya inteeda kale ku biiraan ama faransiiska uu sii hayo, natiijadiina waxay nqotay in uu faransiiska sii hayo uuna ilaaliyo. waxaana taa ugu wacnaa cafarta oo sidaa doonaysay, taasoo ah dadka ugu badan Jabuuti in ay sii hoos joogaan faransiiska waxaa sidaas oo kale dalbaday carabta iyo kuwii reer yurub ee deganaa dhulkaas ee la yimid isticmaarka. Laakiin inta kale ee asal ahaan soomaalida ah waxay rabeen midnimo soomaaliyeed si loo mideeyo dhulweynaha Soomaaliyeed ee lakala qaybiyay waxaana ugu cadcadaa "Maxamuud Xarbi" Raysulwasaare gudoomiye ku xigeenka golaga xukunka Soomaalida Faransa. waana Soomaali qabiilka Ciisaha, laakiin maxamuud xarbi waa la dilay aftida ka dib laba sano ka dibib burburkii diyaarad. Waxay [[Jabuuti]] ka qaadatay madax banaani [[Faransiiska]] sanadkii [[1977]] [[Xasan Guuleed Abtidoon]], wuxuu ahaa Soomaali ay taageeraysay Faransiiska, Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay ee jabuuti kaasoo xukumayay [[1977]] ilaa [[1991]].<ref name=Barrington2006>Barrington, Lowell, ''After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States'', (University of Michigan Press: 2006), p.115</ref> [[File:Mogadishu.png|thumb|right|195px|]] [[Juun|Juun]] sanadii [[1960]] waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhowaaqay [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] madax banaani ay siisay [[Boqortooyo|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] waxaa iyana shan maalmood ka dib qaatay madax banaanida [[Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya]],<ref>Encyclopaedia Britannica, ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica'', (Encyclopaedia Britannica: 2002), p.835</ref> isla maamintaas waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhowaaqay dhismaha dawlada Soomaaliyeed oo mid ah labada qaybood ee Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska waxaa taa ka horeeyay samaynta xuduudaha taasoo ay sameeyeen Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska. [[Cabdullaahi Ciise]] Maxamuud, Raysulwasaaraha Soomaaliya xilligii Ingiriisku haysatay ee u dhaxaysay [[1956]] iyo ilaa sanadkii [[1960]],<ref name="buluugleey.com">[http://www.buluugleey.com/warkiidanbe/Governance.htm The dawn of the Somali nation-state in 1960, Buluugleey.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htwin/articles/20060809.aspx The making of a Somalia state ;Strategypage.com 2006-08-09]</ref> Xukuumaddii ugu horaysay ee qaran soomaaliyeed (ku meel gaar), [[Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan|Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan (aadan cadde)]] madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay wuxuuna<ref>[http://www.mudulood.com/PageAadan%20Cabdulle%20Cusman.html Aden Abdullah Osman the founding father; Mudulood.com]</ref[http://www.mudulood.com/OpinionPage546.htm The founding father of Somalia Mudulood.com]</ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080223085204/http://www.markacadeey.com/june/aden_cadde_20070609_1.htm A tribute to the Somalia founding father, its president in 1960s; Markacadeey.com]</ref> C/rashiid Cali Sharmarke Raysulwasaare u doortay, kaasoo dib dambe noqday madaxweyne intii u dhaxaysay sanadii [[1967]] ilaa [[1969]]. [[Luuliyo|labaatankii luuliyo]] sanadii [[1961]] waxaa la qoray [[Dastuur]] Soomaaliyeed ee cusub kaasoo uu shacabka u codeeyay wuxuu ahaa nuqulkii ugu horeeyay ee dastuurka mid la qoray sanadii [[1960]].<ref>Greystone Press Staff, ''The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East'', (Greystone Press: 1967), p.338</ref> ===Dawladdii Hantiwaddaaga=== Waxaa sii socday dagaal beeleedyada iyo isfahan darrida u dhaxeyasa jufooyinka Soomaalida biloowgii midowga taasoo ka dhalatay raadidkii isticmaarka arrintaas oo jirtay xitaa intii uu jiray isticmaarka.<ref name="buluugleey.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=The making of Somalia, Somaliland, Somalilandtimes.net |url=http://www.somalilandtimes.net/2003/139/13904.shtml |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2019-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220232426/http://www.somalilandtimes.net/2003/139/13904.shtml |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928161509/http://www.radiobuuhoodle.com/goodgovernance.htm The beginning of the Somalia state Radiobuuhoodle.com 2009-02-25]</ref><ref>[http://media.maps.com/magellan/Images/SOMCLA-W2.gif Historical self-governing clan factors in present day Somalia]</ref> sandii [[1967]] wuxuu noqday Maxamed Xaaji IBraahin "Cigaal" Raysulwasaare waana xil uu u doortay C/rashiid Cali Sharmarke kaasoo Xilikas ahaa madaxweynaha dalka. Cigaal wuxuu dib ka noqday madaxweynaha [[Somaliland]] ee dhacda woqooyi galbeed Soomaaliya taasoo isku magacaawday dawlad madaxbanaan mana helin wax aqoonsi ah. Kadib dilkii Madaxweyne Cabdirashiid [[1969]] waxaa xukunka dalka la wareegay talis ciidan awoodii kula wareegay [[Inqilaab Ciidan]] saraakiisha kala ah [[Janaraal]] [[Salaad Gabayre Kadiye]] iyo [[Sarreeye Guuto]] [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre]] iyo taliyaha ciidanka booliska Jaamac Qoorsheel waxaa xukunka la wareegay Siyaad Barre halka uu noqday Qoorsheel raysulwasaare. Wuxuu sameeyay ciidanka Hantiwadaag barnaamijyo baahsan ee la howlgaliyay kooxo kuwaasoo u dhaqaaqay la dagaalanka wax qoris la'anta dalka waxaana si muuqada u kordhay wax qorista iyo aqrinta laba bilaabo 5% ilaa 55% bilowgii sideetameeyadii qarnigii tagay. Isqabqabsi dabadii waxaa la toogtay Gabayre. [[File:2016_04_Eid_Preparions-11_(27469932863).jpg|thumb|right|196px|]] [[Kalitalis]] Dawladdii Malatariga Soomaaliya luuliyo sanadii [[1976]] dhistay [[XHKS|Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed]] {{en|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}} kaasoo xukunka haystay laga soo bilaabo markii la sameeyay ilaa uu dhaco taliskii malatariga diseembar sanadii [[1990]] Jannaayo [[1991]], kaasoo ay awood u sheegteen ''Jabhadda Dimoqraadiga Badbaadinta Soomaaliyeed'' {{en|SSDF}} iyo ''Golaha Midnimada Soomaaliyeed'' {{en|United Somali Congress}} iyo ''Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaliyeed'' {{en|SNM}} Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaliyeed {{en|Somali Patriotic Movement}} marka lagu daro jabahadaha mucaaradka ah ''Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Dimoqraadiga Soomaliyeed'' {{en|Somali Democratic Movement}} iyo Isbahaysiga Dimoqraadiga Soomaaliyeed {{en|Somali Democratic Alliance}} ugu dambayn ''Kooxda Maanifesto'' {{en|Somali Manifesto Group}}. Sanadihii [[1977]] iyo [[1978]] Soomaaliya waxay duulaan ku qaaday [[Itoobiya]] iyadoo ku duulaysa magaca [[Dagaalkii xoraynta ogaden|Xoraynta Soomaaligalbeed]] taasoo ciidamada Soomaaliya ku dadaalayeen in ay dib u mideeyaan dhulalkii Soomaalida oo ay u arkaysay in isticmaarku qaybiyay siiyayana qaybo ka mid ah dalal kale si aan qax ahayn. Biloowgii hore, Soomaaliya waxay qaadatay dhabaha nabadda ah ee [[Diblumaasiyad]] dhamaan [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kiinya]] si loo helo xal nabad ah arrimaha la xiriira labada dhinac laakiin dadaalkii diblomaasiyadeed wuxuu ku dhamaaday fashil. Soomaaliya waxay samaysay islamarkaana u diyaar garoobaysa dagaal dhab ah iyadoo tijaabisay xal diblomaasiyadeed, dhisidda Jabhadda Xoraynta Soomaali Galbeed {{en|WSLF}} ama Western Somali Liberation Front, waxay ku dadaashay in ay u dhaqaaqdo soo celinta gobolka Soomaali galbeed si awood ah. Soomaaliya waxay u dhaqantay si gooni ah iyadoo aan ula laaban mujtamaca dunida ee aan ogolayn dib u xadaynta xuduudaha taasuu ka tagay isticmaarka, halka uu diiday [[Midowga Sofiyet]] iyo Isbahaysiga Waarso in ay Soomaaliya caawiyaan, iskaba daa in ay caawiyaane waxay ku dhaqaaqeen arrin lid ku ah taasoo ah in ay taageereen [[Itoobiya]]. Isla goortaas wuxuu isku dayay Midowgii Sofiyetiga kaasoo ah midka siiya labada dhinac hubka in uu dhexdhexaadiyo si loo helo xabad joojin u dhaxeysa labada dawladood. Ciidanka Soomaaliya waxaa u suurta gashay usbuucii ugu horeeyay ee dagaalka in ay isku fidiyaan bartamaha iyo koofurta gobolka, dagaalka intii uu socday ciidamada Soomaaliya waxay gaareen guulo waaweyn kana adkaadeen ciidmada Itoobiya wixii ciidamada Itoobiya ka haray waxay isku uruursadeed deegaanka Sidaamo. Sibteembar sanadii [[1977]] Soomaaliya waxaa u suuragashay qabsashada 90% ee gobolka waxaa kaloo u suurtoowday qabsashada magaalooyin istiraatiiji muhiim ah, sida magaalada Jigjiga sidoo kale wuxuu go'doomiyay magaalada Diridhabe Kaasoo hakiyay isu socodkii tariinada ka imaanayay [[Jabuuti]]. Kadib go'doomintii magaalada Harar wuxuu [[Midowga Sofiyet]] usoo jeestay taageero malatari taasoo la xiriirrta arrinta ka soo cusboonaatay geeska afrika, waxaa la diyaariyay 18,000 ciidamo ka imaanaya [[Kuuba|Kuubaan]] 2,000 iyo Yementa Koofureed iyadoo lagu daray 1,500 khubaro ka imanaysa Midowga Sofiyet haystana diyaarado iyo taangiyo Sofiyet ah. Hor istaagaas awoodaas ballaaran ciidanka Soomaaliya waxaa lagu qasbay dib u gurasho iyo in uu codsi u dirsado [[Maraykanka]]. Iyadoo uu nidaamkii [[Jimmy Carter]] isu diyaariyay garab siinta Soomaaliya dagaalka intii uu socday Sofiyetku si degdeg ah bay u caawiyeen Itoobiya waxaana laga baqay in uu sii xumaado xiriirka. sidaa daraadeed Maraykanka faraha ayuu ka qaaday in uu Soomaaliya caawiyo waxaa dibudhac ku yimid isbahaysigii uu ku lahaa maraykanku [[Bariga Dhexe]] iyo [[Asia]]. Biloowgii [[1978]], waxaa ku biloowday xukuumaddii Soomaaliya saamaynta luminta hanasho dhab ah arrimaha gobolka. Waxay sidoo kale muujiyeen inta badan shacabka Soomaaliyeed mid galay xaalad quus sababo la xiriira hoos imaanshaha ciidankii kali taliska waqti dheer iyadoo aan la gaaraynin wax horumar ah la taaban karo, waxaana arrinkaas xoojiyay dhamaadkii dagaalkii qaboobaa, waxay sidoo kale Itoobiya taageero siisay Jabhadihii ku kacsanaa Soomaaliya. [[File:Abdisalamomer1.png|thumb|right|195px|Abdi-Salam]] Sanadii [[1990]] waxaa la soo saaray sharci ka mamnuucaya gaar ahaan dadka degan [[Muqdisho]] in ay kulmaan saddex ama afar in kabadan. Waxaa dhammaan hareeyay hay'adaha dawladda shidaal yari sababtay joogsiga gaadiidka dadweynaha taasoo saamayn ku yeelatay danaha xukuumadda iyo qaybaha guud iyo kan gaarka ah. Waxaa ssidoo kale dhacday dhibaato la xiriirta [[Sicir Barar]] taasoo ay dhib ku qabeen gobolada kororka sicir bararka muuqda iyadoo ay shacabku awoodi waayeen helitaanka quutul daruuriga heer ay gaartay Baastadii talyaaniga ee caadiga ahayd xilligaas ilaa iyo Shan [[Dollar|Doollar]] kiiladii. halka uu gaaray qaadka [[Qaad|Jaadka]] kaasoo laga keeno [[Kiinya]] shan doollar Majintii. Waxaa qiime jab ku yimid shilinka Soomaaliga ilaa la gaaro heer shilimaadkii lagu daadiyo wadooyinka si ay kuwa haysta iskaga tuuraan halkii ay haysan lahaayeen taasoo u muuqatay in uusan lahayn wax faaiida ah ee la xusi karo. Waxaa sidoo kale soo if baxay [[Suuqa Madoow]] ee sarifka lacagaha qalaad taasoo ka dhalatay in aysan jirin socodsiinta lacagaha ee ku filan sarifka lacagaha qalaad taasoo ay bebersoto [[Shilin Soomaali|Shilinka Soomaaliga]]. Mugdigana wuxuu noqday mid ku baahay magaalada oo dhan marka la gaaro habeenkii taasina waxay ka timid dawladda oo iibisay dab dhaliyeyaashii korontada. Waxaa ajaanibta la dul dhigay waardiye adadag ilaa maa xilligii ay joogeen. Sidoo kale dawladda waxay soo saartay go'aano lagu hagaajinayo joojinta dal ka saarista, ama tahriibinta lacagaha ajnabiga ah. lama ogolayn adeegsiga lacagaha qalaad hab ka baxsan sharciga sida uu qabo marka laga reebo saddex hoteel oo ay maamusho dawladda. Waxaa sidoo kale mamnuuc aha sawir qaadis meelo badan iyadoo aysan muuqan wax cadayn kara in aan sawiro la qaadi karin ee ku saabsan safar iyo joogitaanka. Wixii ka dhacay Soomaaliya [[1988]] malaha waa ka sii foolxun. Markii Hargeysa la duqeeyay ayaa dadkii deganaa lagu khasbay inay qaxaan. Askarta ayaa markaas miinooyin ku aasay guryihii laga tagay. Markii uu dagaalku dhammaaday ayay qaxootigii dib u laabteen, balse waxaa lagu naafeeyay ama lagu dilay qaraxyo qarsoon.<ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20000508/Land-Mines-Weighing-the-Cost/ Land Mines—Weighing the Cost]</ref> ===Xasuuqii Isaaq ama Xasuuqii Somaliland=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Xasuuqi Isaaq|XasuuqiI Isaaq]]'' Awooddii akhlaaqeed ee dowladdii Maxamad Siyaad (jaale siyaad) si tartiib tartiib ah ayay u lumisay, iyadoo Soomaali badan ay ku hungoobeen nolosha xukunka militariga. Bartamihii 1980-meeyadii, dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo uu taageerayay maamulkii shuuciga ahaa ee Derg ee Itoobiya ayaa ka billowday waddanka oo dhan.jaale siyaad wuxuu kujawaabey isagoo amrey in talaabooyin ciqaab ah laga qaado kuwa uu u arko inay gudaha ka taageerayaan jabhadaha, gaar ahaan gobolada waqooyi. Qabqabashada waxaa ka mid ahaa in la duqeeyo magaalooyin, xarunta maamulka waqooyi-galbeed ee Hargeysa, oo ahayd xaruntii Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM), oo ka mid ahayd aagagga la bartilmaameedsaday 1988. Duqeyntan waxaa hoggaaminayey Jeneraal Maxamed Saciid Xersi Morgan, wiilka uu sodogga u yahay Barre. Sida laga soo xigtay Abou Jeng iyo aqoonyahanno kale, xukunkii taliskii jaale siyaad waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay cadaadis arxan darro ah oo lala beegsaday qabiilka Isaaq. Max’ed Xaaji Ingiriis iyo Chris Mullin waxay caddeeyeen in qabqabashadii maamulkii Maxamad siyaad ee ka dhanka ahaa Dhaqdhaqaaqii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee fadhigiisu ahaa Hargeysa lala beegsaday beelweynta Isaaq oo ay ka tirsan yihiin inta badan xubnihii SNM. Waxay ku tilmaamayaan isku haynta inay tahay xasuuqii Isaaq ama xasuuqii Hargeysa. Baaritaan ay sameysay Qaramada Midoobay ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay in dambiga xasuuqa uu ahaa "mid ay maleegtay, qorsheysay oo ay ka fulisay Dowlada Soomaaliya dadka Isaaqa". Tirada dadka rayidka ah ee ku waxyeeloobay waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inta udhaxeysa 50,000–100,000 sida laga soo xigtay ilo wareedyo kala duwan, halka wararka qaarna ay ku qiyaasayaan wadarta dhimashada dadka rayidka ah inay kor u dhaafeyso 200,000 oo rayid Isaaq ah. Dhimashooyinkaas, taliskii Barre wuxuu duqeeyey oo burburiyey magaalooyinka labaad iyo saddexaad ee ugu weyn Soomaaliya, Hargeysa iyo Burco siday u kala horreeyaan. Tani waxay u barakicisay dad lagu qiyaasey 400,000 oo dadka deegaanka ah oo u qaxay Hartasheikh ee dalka Itoobiya; shaqsiyaad kale oo gaaraya 400,000 ayaa iyaguna gudaha ku barakacay. Dagaalkii ka soo horjeedka ee taliskii Barre ee ka dhanka ahaa SNM wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday saldhigii rayidka ee kooxda mucaaradka, isaga oo isu beddelay xasuuq xasuuq ka dhan ah beesha Isaaq. Tani waxay horseeday fowdo iyo ololeyaal dagaal oo ay gaystaan ​​maleeshiyooyin kala jabay, ka dibna awooddii heer degmo la wareeray. Cadaadiskii maamulkii Barre kuma koobnayn Isaaqa oo keliya, maxaa yeelay wuxuu bartilmaameedsanayay qabaa’illada kale sida Hawiye. Taliskii Barre wuxuu burburay Janaayo 1991. Intaa kadib, markii xaalada siyaasadeed ee Somaliland xasiloonayd, dadkii barakacay waxay ku noqdeen guryahoodii, maleeshiyooyinkii waa laga daad gureeyay ama waxaa lagu daray ciidanka, tobanaan kun oo guri iyo meherado ahna dib ayaa looga soo dhisay burburka. ==Ismaaciil Mire== Ismaaciil Mire, oo abaanduulkii guud ka ahaa dawladda boqortooyada [[Diiriye Guure]], wuxuu ka qaybgalay dagaalaha oo dhan ee Daraawiishta ka qayb galay. Wuxuu u talin jirey colkii [[Shiikhyaale]]. Goobaha uu ka qayb galay waxaa ka mid ah, cagaarweyne, iyo dagaalkii Jigjiga, iyo dagaalki Beledweyne, iyo dagaalkii Berbera, iyo dagaalkii Dul Madobe, iyo dagaalkii Jidbaale, iyo dagaalkii Afbakayle iyo meelo kale. Wuxuu kale ka horjeestay dagaalaha ee shirqool ka jiri jirey, oo ka mid ah Canjeel, Gurdumi iyo qaar kale. 1920kii, Ismaaciil Mire waxaa lagu xidhay xabsi. ===Darwiishia iyo Qusuusi=== Qarnigii 19ka ilaa tobanaadka 1920gii, Dalka Soomaalka waxaa hoogaaminjirey dawladda Daraawiishta, oo si kale loo yaqaano Darwiishia. Darwiishia dawladeeda waxaa loo yaqaan jirey qusuusi ama khusuusi, ee waxaa ka mid ahaa shakhsiyaddan: {{columns-list|colwidth=35em| * [[Ismail Mire]] * [[Macalin Cagadhiig]] *[[Shire Canbool]], oo Dhulbahante ahaa *[[Cartan Boos]] oo Jamac Siyad ahaa *[[Afqarshe]], oo Adan-Naleeye ahaa *[[Dhowre]], oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Obsiiye Magan]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Aw Jaamac Seed Magan]] oo Cali-Geri aaha * [[Oogle Magan]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Muse Waranle]] oo Reer-Hagar ahaa *[[Haji Firhad]], fiqishini HabarGidir *[[Haji Sudi]], Isaaq Aadan Madoobe * [[Seeraar Shawe]] oo Jamac Siyaad ahaa * [[Nur Xiddig]] oo Wacays Adan ahaa * [[Xirsi Jeedlade]] oo Qayaad ahaa * [[Haji Mursal Aw Saacid]] oo Dhulbahante ahaa * [[Duale Ileeye]] oo Jamac Siyaad ahaa * [[Cismaan Boos]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Jama Lugay]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Aw Cabbas]] oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Abbas Aw Muse]], oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Hussein Ajuuraan]], oo Dhulbahante ahaa (oo loo naanaystay Agararan)<ref>http://www.kaiserscross.com/188001/536101.html</ref> * [[Ahmed Tage]], oo baharsame ahaa * [[Abshir Dhoore]], majeerteen ahaa * [[Nur Hashi]] warsangeli ahaa *[[Ismail Khaire]], warsangeli ahaa *[[Xooshdheere]], ali geri ahaa *[[Farah Dacay]], baharsame ahaa * [[Hirsi Akaal]], marehan ahaa }} [[File:Somlangbooks.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Bugaag Somali Lugad]] ===Burburka Dawladdii Hantiwaddaaga=== Waxaa dhacay sanadkii [[1991]] isbedel xididaystay nolosha siyaasadeed ee Soomaaliya. taasoo u suurta gashay ciidamo ka kooban beelaha dega waqooyiga iyo koofurta hubaysan oo taageera ka helaya [[Itoobiya]] in ay ridaan dawladdii Siad Barre Max'ed Siyaad Barre. Kulanno farabadan ee dhexmaray Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed [[SNM]] iyo odayaasha beelaha ree woqooyiga, waxa ku dhawaaqeen qaybta woqooyi ee Soomaaliya ([[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] horay loo oranjiray) in ay goosteen goosasho hal dhinac ah Soomaaliya inteeda kale iskuna magacaabay [[Somaliland|Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland]] ([[Ingiriis]]: ''Republic of Somaliland'') May 1991. Ka sokoow go'itaanka ay Somaliland goosatay iyo deganaashaha ay haysato markii loo eego koofurta way waysay aqoonsi heer caalami ah xitaa haba ahaatee Itoobiya.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1367554.stm Somaliland citizens ask to be recognised as a state, BBC News]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1361394.stm Somaliland votes for independence, BBC News]</ref> [[File:2012_01_12_MGD_Stadiums_a_(8394617014).jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Jannaayo sanadkii [[1991]] Waxaa doortay "Cali Mahdi Max'ed" koox soomaali ah una doorteen in uu noqdo madaxweyne ku meel gaar ah ee dalka ilaa laga gaaro shir qarameed kulmiyay dhammaan qaybaha ku lugta leh ee bishii xigtay Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti si dalka madaxweyne loo doorto. Laakiin doorashadii "Cali Mahdi Maxamed" waxaa si weyn uga horyimid biloowgii hore dhamaan Jen [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] gudoomiyihii ururka USC iyo C/raxman Tuur hogaamiyihii SNM. مtaasoo dhalisay kala qaybsanaan xagga siyaasadda ah ee u dhaxaysay USC iyo SNM, isku dhacyadii u dhexeeyay USC waxay burbur xoogleh gaarsiisay magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo meelaha ku dhow dhow. [[File:Elecmalpun.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Dagaalkii sokeeye wuxuu sabay, kaasoo wali raadkiisu muuqdo, burbur ku yimaada wax soosaarka beeraha iyo gaarsiinta cuno koofurta Soomaaliya waana sabata ugu weyn ee ka dhalisaya dagaalka dalka taasoo meelaha xasaasiga ay tartan ugu jiraan beelaha waxaa kaloo dheeraad ah qabsashada iyo meelaha leh ilaha dhaqaale iyo daaqa. Jemes Bayshb oo ahaa safiirkii ugu dambeeyay ee Soomaaliya wuxuu ku tilmaamay xaaladdii ka taagnayd iyo dagaaladii sokeeye halkaas mid ah "biyo ku dagaalan iyo meelaha daaqsinka sidoo kale xoolaha waxaa horay la isu adeegsan jiran [[Falaar|falaaro]] iyo [[Sayf|Sayfaf]] hadda waxaa la isu adeegsadaa [[Qoro|Boobe]]."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090309030719/http://hprsite.squarespace.com/remember-somalia-112007 |It is a competition that used to be fought out with arrows and sabers. Now it is fought out with AK-47s Hprsite.squarespace.com 2007-11-16]</ref> Wuxuu sababay dagaalkii sokeeye in ay dhacdo [[Gaajo]] taasoo salfatay ku dhowaad 300,000 Soomaali taasoo ku qasabtay [[Golaha Amniga Qaramada Midoobay]] in uu soo saaro qaraar kaasoo tilmaamaya xabad joojin sanadkii [[1992]] iyo dirista ciidamo ammaanka ilaaliya ee heer caalami ah waxaa soomaaliya ku soo hormaray (UNOSOM I) badbaadinta xaaladda biniaadamnimo ee dalka.<ref>[http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_20244.asp United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) 1992]. Australian War Memorial.</ref> Waxay ahayd adeegsiga awood ciidan marka loo eego ciidmada ammaanka mid ku kooban isdifaacid naftooda ah taasoo fursad siisay beelaha dirirsanaa in ay sika sii wataan dagaaladoodii hubaysnaa. Ka jawaabidda colaada sii baahaysa iyo burburka xaaladda Biniadamnimo ee ka jirtay Soomaaliya [[Maraykanka]] wuxuu diyaariyay xulufo ciidan ah oo heer caalami ah taasoo ahayd ujeedadeeda nabad ku soo dabaalidda kooforta Soomaaliya iyo xal u helidda xaaladda bini'adamnimo ee halkaas iyo fududaynta gaarista gargaarka biniadamnimo ee qaramada midoobay iyo dalalka deeqda bixiya. Waxay galeen xoogagga xulufada taasoo loo yaqiinay magaca {{En|Unified Task Force ama UNITAF}} diseembar dhexdeedii sanadii [[1992]] ee howlgalkii "Rajo soo celinta" sida uu qabay qaraarkii qaramada midoobay ee tirsigiisu ahaa 794. Waxaa u suurta galay ciidmadii caalamka ka yimid in ay dib u soo celiyaan nidaamkii iyo yaraynya baahidii taasoo dhib u keentay dalka ilaa ay ka baxaan ciidmada maraykanka maajo sanadkii [[1993]] waxaa lagu bedelay (UNOSOM II) ee [[Maajo|Afartii Maajo]] sida uu qabay qaraarkii ka soo baxay qaramada midoobay ee tirsigiisu ahaa 837 ee soo baxay [[Maarso|26 Marso]] isla sanadkaas. Dhanka kale wuxuu u arkay [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] ciidanka nabad ilaalinda ee caalamka in uu qatar ku yahay asiga iyo ciidankiisa wuxuuna siiyay amar maleeshiyo hubaysan in la weeraro saldhigyada ciidamada Pakistan ee ka howlgala Muqdisho taasoo ay ka dhalatay dhimashada 80 qof jinsiyada kala duwan ah ee ka tirsan ciidamada nabad ilaalinta, wuuna socday dagaalka ay ka dhintaan 19 ciidan maraykan ah iyo laba kale oo Pakistan ah iyo mid kale ee Maaliisiya u dhashay oo dhammaantood ah ciidamada nabad ilaalinta sidoo kale waxaa jirtay 1,000 qof ee ka mid ah maleeshiyada Soomaalida hubaysnaa intii u dhaxaysay saddexdii iyo afratii ee bishoo Oktoobar [[1993]] kaasoo taariikhdu ugu magac dartay dagaalkii "Dagaalkii Muqdisho" taasoo ku qasabtay qaramada midoobay howlgal "Gaashaan mida" ciidan ka kooban Maraykanka Masar Pakistan [[Maarso|saddexdii maarso]] sanadkii [[1995]], dabadeed Robert ogle ayaa ku dhawaaqay in aan dagaal toos ah lala gali doonin [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] laakiin la baal siibi doono taasoo macnaheedu ahaa in laga horkeeno saaxiibadii ilaaa uu markii dambe lagu dilay dagaal ay iskaga horyimideen qaar ay xulufo ahaayeen [[1996]] Waxay diiradda saareen [[Burcad Badeed|burcad badeeda soomaalida]] xeebaha Soomaaliya taasoo ka dhalatay burburka iyo maqnaashaha dawlad dhexe Kadib dagaalkii sokeeye,<ref>Biegon, Rubrick. Somali Piracy and the International Response 2009-01-29 Foreign Policy in Focus [http://www.fpif.org/articles/somali_piracy_and_the_international_response] retrieved 2010-02-08</ref> Dhibaatadaan waxay ka soo if baxday dekadaha ku yaal xeebaha Soomaaliya.<ref>Piracy Off Coast Not Only Criminal, But Very Successful, Security Council Hears, AllAfrica.com, retrieved February 8, 2010 [http://allafrica.com/stories/200911191008.html]</ref> Waxayna ka dhalatay ka dhiidhin ay ka dhiidhiyeen kalluumaysatada soomaaliyeed ee ka kalluumaysta xeebaha sida: Ayl, [[Kismaayo]], Xarardheere, Mareeg iyagoo weerar ku qaaday maraakiibta ajnabiga ah ee ka kalluumaysata badda soomaaliya khayraadka kalluunka ee biyo goboleedka markii uu burburay taliskii dhexe ee Soomaaliya,<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Tharoor, Ishaan. How Somalia’s fishermen became pirates. 2009-04-18 |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1892376,00.html |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2013-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826205905/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1892376,00.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/3061246/part_2/what-i-learned-from-the-somali-pirates.thtml Hartley, Aiden. What I learned from Somali pirates 2008]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Taasoo ay waayeen kalluumaysato badan waxa ay heli jireen. Sidoo kale, waxay tilmaameen qayb ka mid ah masuuliyiinta soomaalida howlaha burcad badeedka waxaa sii kiciyay [[Dhulgariir|Dhul Gariirkii Badweynata Hindiya]] taariikhdu marka ay ahayd 26 [[Diseembar]] ee sanadkii [[2004]], kaasoo sababay mowjadi [[Tsunami]] weyn burburisay in badan oo tuulooyinka ku yaal xeebaha iyo doomankoodii.<ref>Lehr, Peter and Lehmann, Henrick, Violence at Sea: Piracy in the Age of Global Terrorism, p. 3</ref> Qaar ka mid ah waxay leeyihiin howlaha burcad badeednimada Soomaaliya waa "howlo dhaqaale ee la maalgashado" ee dalka, waana "mid kaabta" dhaqaalaha [[Puntland]].<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/apr/10/piracy-somalia Lehr, Peter. Warships won't stop pirates. The Guardian 2009-04-10]</ref><ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2009/06/2009614125245860630.html Adow, Mohammed. The pirate kings of Puntland. Aljazeera. 2009-06-17, retrieved 2010-02-08]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7623329.stm Harper, Mary. Life in Somalia's pirate town BBC News 2008-09-18]</ref> Waxaa la rumaysanyahay in la soo iibsaday qiyaastii 25,000 50,000, [[Adoon]] ee Baantuu ah, [[Musanbiig]] iyo [[Tansaaniya]], intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1800]] ilaa [[1890]], dad soomaali ah suuqii [[Sansibaar]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111016024128/http://www.cal.org/co/bantu/somali_bantu.pdf The Somali Bantu: Their History and Culture 2018-12-05]</ref> Bantuuga soomalida waa ka duwantahay, jir ahaan, dhaqan ahaan, way iska joogeen iyakoo kala daadsan dalka ilaa la soo gaaro qarnigii sagaal iyo tobanaad ilaa iyo hadda.<ref>L. Randol Barker et al., ''Principles of Ambulatory Medicine'', 7 edition, (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 2006), p.633</ref> waxaa la rumaysanyahay in tirada Baantuuga Soomaaliya uu gaarayso 900,000 qof ka hor dagaalkii sokeeye,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3020110.stm Tanzania accepts Somali Bantus]". BBC News. June 25, 2004.</ref> waxaa laga yaabaa in ay isdhimeen, gaar ahaan maxaa yeelay 12,000 qaxooti ee ku sugan [[Maraykanka]] laga soo bilaabo [[2003]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090519140201/http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2003/February/20030205164125sellis@pd.state.gov0.5013697.html Somali-Bantu Refugees to Find New Lives in United States] America.gov. 02/05/2003.</ref> sidoo kale tanzaaniya oo siisay dhalasho qaar ka mid ah waxay ku laabteen dhulkii awoowe yaashood.<ref>[http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/UNHCR/8ad8ca67e1bba9703647c92f12b7db6d.htm Somali Bantus gain Tanzanian citizenship in their ancestral land]</ref> [[File:Mogadishu_city_centre_-_1960s.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Moqadishu 1960s]] Bartamihii sanadkii [[2011]] waxaa la waayay laba xilli raabaad ee isku xigay taasoo sababtay in ay dhacdo [[Abaar]] muddo 60 sano laga joogo. Waxaa isi soo tartay abaarta waxana ka dhashay in la waayo wax dalag ah xoolihii oo le'day sicir barar ku yimid biyaha shidaalka iyo cunada, waxay sabatay barakac wadareed ee koofur Soomaaliya taasoo keentay iska hor imaadyada hubaysan, xarumaha quudinta ee dawladaha dariska. bishii Juun ee snadkii 2011, Waxay ku dhawaaqday [[Qaramada Midoobay]] si rasmi ah in ay gaajo daran ka jirto koofurta Soomaaliya, wayna sii korortay ka dib markii ay hayireen kooxaha dagaalka waday si loo gaarsiiyo gargaar dadka halkaa ku tabaalaysan.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111102172007/http://www.africa-eu-partnership.org/node/2158 The worst drought in 60 years in Horn Africa, Africa and Europe in Partnership]</ref> dhanka kale, dawladda soomaaliya waxay dhistay hay'ad qaran ee gargaar, taasoo ka kooban wasiiro badan ku howlan fududayn saamaynta abaarta ay ku reebtay dadk,<ref>[http://www.raxanreeb.com/?p=102255 SOMALIA: Government names national drought committee] {{Wayback|url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/?p=102255 |date=20111109180731 }}. Raxanreeb.com (2011-07-04). Retrieved on 2011-12-15.</ref> == '''Un Tiroka''' - 706 == ==Boqolkiiba IMF== *'''0.04%''' ==Xubin== * [[IMF]] * [[IGAD]] * [[IORA]] * [[ICSID]] * [[Comesa]] * [[CEN-SAD]] * [[Midowga Afrika]] * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] ==Waadanmaha degaan Somalia== * {{Flag|Sudan}} 6,000+ * {{Flag|Syria}} 6,500+ * {{Flag|Yemen}} 14,000+ * {{Flag|Norway}} 200+ * {{Flag|Finland}} 200+ * {{Flag|United Kingdom}} 250+ == Siyaasadda == {{Dheeraad|Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} [[File:Prime minister mahdi gulaidh khadar.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Mahdi Gulaid]] Siyaasadda soomaaliya waxay soo martay isbedbedel badan. Intii uu socday [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|Dagaalkii sokeeye]] kaaso dhaliyay burbur farabadan dawladdii Hantiwadaag kadib 1990, [[Soomaalida]] waxaa loo sameeyay [[Dastuur]], [[Federaaliisim|Federaal]] ah iyo Maamul Goboleed kuwaas oo ku yimid qaabab kala duwan, waxaa samaysamay [[Somaliland]] taasoo sheegatay in ay tahay [[Dowlad madax banaan|dawlad madax banaan]] kana go'day Soomaaliya inteeda kale, shacabka Soomaaliyeed raalli kama noqon goosashada Gobolada [[Woqooyi]] ee Soomaaliya 1991. Waxaa sidoo kala samaysmay [[Puntland]] 1998 taasoo ay sameysteen beelaha dega Bari, Bugaal iyo woqooyiga Mudug, waxaa sidoo kale la sameeyay [[Galmudug]] 2010. Horraantii 2000 waxaa la soo dhisay dawlad ku meel gaar ah waxaana madaxweyne ka noqday. Dott [[Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xassan]] (TNG) waxaa ku xigtay dawladii Federaalka ku meelgaarka ahayd ee loo yaqiin (TFG) [[2004]] waxaana madaxweyne ka noqday [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]] taasoo dalka galisay burbur horle waxayna soo galisay dalka ciidamada [[Itoobiya]], [[Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga]] ayaa gobollada koonfurta iyo bartamaha Soomaaliya isku fidiyay taasoo ka caraysiisay [[Itoobiya]] una aragtay fusad ay kula dagaalami karto ficilada ay sameeyeen. Markii meesha laga saaray Maxaakiimta ayaa waxaa soo baxay kooxo la magacbaxay Muqaawamo kana aas aasamay magaalada [[Muqdisho]] intii ay socotay muqaawamada waxaa barbar socday wadahadal UN-ka loo maray kaasoo uu garwadeen ka ahaa Axmed Walad Cabadlla keentayna in laga saaro Itoobiya dalka Soomaaliya bartamihii sanadkii [[2009]]. Waxaa maxaakiimta ka farcamay kooxda [[Al-Shabaab]] taasoo dalka dhibaatadii ka jirtay sii murjisay, taasoo dagaal la gashay dawlad lagu soo dhisay dalka [[Jabuuti]] Madaxweyne ka ahaa [[Sheekh Shariif Axmed]] 2010-2011 dagaal ba'an ku dhexmaray magaalada muqdisho iyo nawaaxigeeda, Madaxweyne Shariif xoogaa rajo ah ayay soo celisay Dawladdiisii loogu magacdaray Midnimo Qaran dawladdaas oo muqdisho ka fogaysay qatartii Al-shabaab iyadoo gacan ka helaysa [[Amisom|AMISOM]] wuxuu diyaariyay doorasho aad loogu riyaaqay,<ref>[http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2013/01/16/260703.html الرئيس الصومالي السابق: من كرسي الرئاسة إلى الدراسة Al-arabiya, 16 Jan 2013]</ref> kaasoo xilka si nabad ah ugu wareejiyay madaxweyne [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]. Waxaana taa xigay dawladdii uu madaxweynaha ka ahaa [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] taasoo ku guulaysatay isu soo dhoweyn Soomaalida dhexdeeda ah iyo dastuurka oo loo hogaansamo. ==Qaanuunka== Soomaaliya waxaa ka jira saddex nidaam qaanuun oo kala gadisan, waa: Qaanuunka madaniga, [[Shareecada Islaamka]] iyo xoogaa qawaaniin ah oo ay leeyihiin beelaha waana dhaqan soo jireen ah waxaana loo yaqaan Xeer. ===Qaanuunka madaniga=== Iyadoo uu ku dhacay burbur balaaran kaasoo hareeyay nidaamka cadaaladda Soomaaliya ka dib burburkii dawladdii Hantiwadaag laakiin waxaa la isku dayay dib u habaynta iyo dhisidda nidaamka garsoorka Soomaaliya iyo howlgalintiisa dhanka maamul goboleedyada Soomaaliya sida [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Puntland]] kuwaas oo leh xukun hoosaad, laakiin dawladda dhexe waxay diyaarisay bu'da nidaamka garsoorka cusub. Iyadoo ay jirto kala duwanaasho siyaasadeed dhamaan meelahaas hadana waxay ku midaysanyihiin dhamaantood hal qaanuun kaasoo ah mid soo jiray ilaa iyo dawladdii Hantiwadaag isagoo qiraya:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120118151830/http://www.hdcentre.org/files/Somalia%20report.pdf Stateless Justice in Somalia, Dr Andre Le Sage, Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue]</ref> * Jirtaanka dastuur dabooli kara xukuno ku salaysan [[Shareecada Islaamka]] ama fiqiga iyo waxii ay culumada muslimiidta isku waafaqeen sidaa daraadeed xukunada ku salaysan diinta laguma dhaqmo marka laga reebo arrimaha madaniga sida Guurk,a Furriinka, Dhaxalka iyo arrimaha madaniga ah ee kale. * Dhowrista xuquuqul insaanka iyo dhammaan qaanuunada la xiriira. Sidoo kale dastuurka wuxuu damaanad qaadayaa madax bannaanida garsoorka waxaana ka masuul ah Guddiga Adeegga Garsoorka. * Dhismaha adeeg Garsoor oo ka kooban saddex qaybood waana: Maxkamadda Sare, Maxkamadda Racfaanka, iyo Maxkamadaha Gobolada. * In ay shaqeeyaan qawaaniintii la sameeyay ka hor Hantiwadaaga 1969. *qaanuunka madaniga ah wa mid soo jireen aha oo mudo dheer soo socday oo ilaa imka jira dhamaan dadka somlaiyeedna ayku dhaqmaan *somaalia waa waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa libaax waayay garab oo waraabayaal badani haleen *waxaa somalia ay iska difaaci kartaa cadawgeega marka ay usoo Hantiwadaag dad wax bartay oo aqoon sare leh oo laga ilaaliyo ubaxa soo kacaaya qabyaalada ===Shareecada=== [[File:Sa white sesame seeds.jpg|thumb|right|193px|Beeraha Somalia]] [[Shareecada Islaamka]] waxay ka gashay kaalin lama huraan ah nolosha mujtamaca Soomaaliyeed, waxayba ahayd shareecada tiirka aasaaska ah ee laga tusaale qaato qawaaniinta marka la qorayo dastuur ee ka mid ah dastuurodii hore kuwaas oo la sameeyay intii ay jirtay nolosha ku salaysan siyaasadda,<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic, Article 8, p.6 |url=http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2010-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215171406/http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> sidaa daraadeed howl kasta waxay ku salaysnayd shareecada gaar ahaan howlaha madaniga ah sida guurka, furriinka, dhaxalka iyo waxyaabaha la xiriira qoyska; laakiin arrimahaas waxbaa iska bedelay dagaalkii sokeeye dabadii iyadoo ay soo baxeen maxkamado shareecada islaamka taasoo ku faaftay magaalooyin farabadan iyo deegaano ka mid ah Soomaaliya. Waxay noqotay kaalinta maxaakimta islaamiga taasoo aan horay looga baran: * Soo rogista xukunno arrimo kala gadisan; Madani iyo Ciqaab. * Abaabulka maleeshiyo iyo ciidamo u xilsaaran qabashada dambiilayaasha iyo joojinta waxyaabaha qaanuunka ka baxsan. * Haynta maxaabiista ilaa uu xukun kaga dhaco inta laga xukumayo. Samaysanka maxaakimta shareecada kuwaas oo muuqda wax fudud laakiin sida dhabta ah waxay ka samaysanyihiin nidaam maamul kana kooban gudoomiyaha maxkamadda ku xigeenka gudoomiyaha iyo afar qaalli. kuma koobna holaha ciidanka soo gudbinta warbixinno taasoo ah arrinta ugu muhiimsan ee ka kaabaysa xukunada ee ka soo baxa maxkamadaha waxayba u gudbaan xallinta khilaafaadka inta ayasan u gudbin saldhigyada maxaakimta waxaa dheeraad ah dabagalka dambiilayaasha iyo kuwa qaanuunka ku xadgudba kadib maxkamadaha ayaa loo dhiibayaa ee ku shaqada leh dambiyada fudud si ay u sii hayaan. Sidoo kale maxaakimta shareecda waxay sameeyeen dhisidda guddi dhaqaale madaxa bannaan soona uruuriya canshuurta lagu soo rogay ganacsiga iyo guud ahaan goobaha ganacsiga iyo meel kasta oo ganacsi ah. Marso [[2009]] Xukuumaddii ku meelgaarka ahayd waxay ku dhawaaqday in [[Shareecada Islaamka]] tahay halka laga qaato sharciga iyo soo saarista xukunada iyo qawaaniinta dalka.<ref>[http://www.arabnews.com/?page=4&section=0&article=119757&d=1&m=3&y=2009 Shariah in Somalia] – Arab News</ref> ===Xeerka=== Qarniyo badan Soomaalidu waxay adeegsan jireen nidaam sharci ama qaanuun kaasoo ku tiirsan dhaqanka iyo xeerarka jufooyinka sharciyadaasa ama qaanuunkaasa waxay Soomaalidu u taqiinay magaca "Xeer"; waa waxa sida dastuurka oo kale ah ama wax u dhow cahdi kala gadisan qaanuun ahaan mana jirto wakaalad ama hay'ad ama jiho ka msul ah taasoo cadaynaysa waxa uu yahay qaynuunka la raacayo marka uu jiro xukun maxkamadeed, taasoo mar kasta loolala laabanayo maxkamadda xeer beegtida ama golaha jufada si loo xadido xukunka ku haboon iyo sidii loo fulin lahaa. ==Habka maamul== Wuxuu ku salaysanyahay qodobka 49aad ee dastuurka Soomaaliya. Gobol gooni isu taagi karaa ma jiri karo, inta uu Gobol kale uu kuu biirayo, Dowladda Federaalka Somalia ayaa maamulaysa waxaana waajib ku ah gobalkaas inuu ku biiro gobol kale ama dawlad xubin ka ah Dawladda Federaalka mudo labo sano gudahood. ===Magaalooyin=== {{Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya}} [[File:Aden_Abdullah_Airport.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Intii uusan dhicin dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya, waxay u qaybsanayd maamul ahaan 18 Gobol, bulburkii kadib waxaa soo baxay maamulo beeleedyo; waxay Soomaaliya ahayd ka hor 1969 intii uusan dhicin inqilaabkii dawladdii rayadka ahayd 8 Gobol oo kaliya, Hantiwadaaga wuxuu ka dhigay 18 gobol kuwaas oo kala ah: 18 gobal 5 kamida waxa gacanta kuhaya [[Somaliland]] oo iskeed ugu dhawaaqday madaxbanaani hal dhinac ah.13 gobal [[Soomaaliya]] gacanta kuhayso ayaa ah; {{columns |width = 150px |gap = 10px |col1 = 1 Bakool<br/>2 [[Banaadir]]<br/>3 [[Bari]]<br/>4 Baay<br/>5 [[Galguduud]] |col2 = 6 [[Gedo]]<br/>7 Hiiraan<br/>8 [[Jubbada Dhexe]]<br/>9 [[Jubbada Hoose]]<br/>10 [[Mudug]]<br/>11 [[Nugaal]] |col3 = 12 [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]]<br/>13 [[Shabeellaha Hoose]]}} Waxaa samaysamay maamul beeleedyo ka dhashay dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya waxaana ka mid ah: Waqooyiga Soomaaliya oo ku dhawaaqan madax banaani hal dhinac ah: [[Somaliland]] taasoo ka dhigan shan gobol sida [[Awdal]], [[Woqooyi Galbeed]], [[Togdheer]] iyo [[Sool]] iyo [[Sanaag]]. Dhamaan caasimadaha 5taas gobal waxa si buuxda gacanta ugu haysa [[Somaliland|Somaliland.]] [[Puntland]] oo ka aasasantay gobalada [[Bari]], [[Mudug]] iyo [[Nugaal]]. ===Habka maamul gobolleedyada=== Habka Federaalka ee lagu muransanyahay Soomaaliya wuxuu dalka u qaybiyay sidaan soo socota: * {{Flag|Soomaaliya}} wuxuu federaalka u qaybiyay. * [[Puntland]] * [[Galmudug]] * [[Jubaland]] * Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya * Hiiraan iyo Shabeellaha dhexe Qodobka 49aad ee Dastuurka Soomaaliya wuxuu qorayaa 2 gobol iyo wixii ka badan baa samayn kara Maamul ka tirsan Dawladda Soomaaliya, waxay durbadiiba ka dhalatay caqabad ku aadan xuduudaha maamullada. ==Juqraafiga iyo cimilada== Soomaaliya waxay dhacdaa bariga fog ee qaaradda afrika taasoo u muuqaal eg qaabka ay u samaysanyahay geeska [[Wayil|wayiyisha]] kaasoo ku badan qaaradda afrika sidaa daraadeed waxaa loogu magacdaray [[Geeska Afrika|geeska afrika]]. waxay soomaaliya ku fidsantahay inta u dhaxeysa loolka 10 waqooyi dhigta 49 bari. wuxuu gaarayaa bedka Soomaaliya 637,657 kiiloomitir iskuwareeg ah waxaa ka mid ah 10,320 kiiloomitir iskuwareeg ah waxay biyaha ka hayaan ilaa 1.6% ee bedeka guud ee dalka waxay waxyar uun ka yartahay gobolka [[Texas]] ee maraykanka. Sidoo kale waxay Soomaaliya leedahay xuduud barri ah oo dhererkeedu gaaraya 2,340 km ee kala berta dhammaan [[Jabuuti]] masaafo dhan 58 kiiloometer, [[Itoobiya]] masaafo dhan 1,600 kiiloomiter iyo [[Kiinya]] masaafo dhan 682 km, sidaa daraadeed Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer guud ahaan qaaradda Afrika, iyadoo gaareesya xeebta Soomaaliya dhererkeeda 3,025 kiiloomitir; dhul badeedka Soomaaliya wuxuu gaarayaa ilaa 200 [[Mayl]] Bad gudaha [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. {{Infobox Weather |metric_first= Yes |single_line= Yes |location =[[Soomaaliya]] |lixkor/Jan_Hi_°C =30 |Feb_Hi_°C =30 |Mar_Hi_°C =40 |Apr_Hi_°C =40 |May_Hi_°C =40 |Jun_Hi_°C =40 |Jul_Hi_°C =40 |Aug_Hi_°C =30 |Sep_Hi_°C =30 |Oct_Hi_°C =30 |Nov_Hi_°C =30 |Dec_Hi_°C =30 |Year_Hi_°C =30 |Jan_Lo_°C =15 |Feb_Lo_°C =15 |Mar_Lo_°C =15 |Apr_Lo_°C =15 |May_Lo_°C =15 |Jun_Lo_°C =15 |Jul_Lo_°C =15 |Aug_Lo_°C =15 |Sep_Lo_°C =15 |Oct_Lo_°C =15 |Nov_Lo_°C =15 |Dec_Lo_°C =0 |Year_Lo_°C =15 |Jan_Precip_mm =40 |Feb_Precip_mm =40 |Mar_Precip_mm =40 |Apr_Precip_mm =40 |May_Precip_mm =40 |Jun_Precip_mm =40 |Jul_Precip_mm =50 |Aug_Precip_mm =50 |Sep_Precip_mm =40 |Oct_Precip_mm =40 |Nov_Precip_mm =40 |Dec_Precip_mm =40 |Year_Precip_mm =500 |source = Daraasaad lagu sameeyey - Soomaaliya<ref>[http://countrystudies.us/somalia/34.htm|publisher Countrystudies.us Somalia - Climate 04]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |accessdate = 2009-11-04 }} ==Caafimaadka== Waxaa lagua tiriyaa dhibatada caafimaadka la xiriirta ee dhalmada Soomaaliya kuwa ugu muhimsan caqabadaha iyo dhibaatada ee horyaala ururada caafimaadka ka shaqeeya Soomaaliya sida [[UNICEF]]. waxaana caqabadahaas ugu waaweyn kororka saamiga dhimashada ee haweenka xilliga dhalmada sidoo kale koroka saamiga dhimashada caruurta dhawaan dhaladka ah sababo badan awgeed waxaana ka mid ah engaga neef mareenka iyo [[Malaariyo|malaariyada]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171115191540/https://www.unicef.org/somalia/health.html UNICEF Somalia - Health - Issue 2018-12-05]</ref> ==Waxbarashada== Wasaaradda Waxbarashada iyo Barbaarinta waa hay'adda kaliya ee rasmiga Soomaaliya u qaabishan habaynta socodsiinta waxbarashada dalka, waxay ka faaiidaysaa wasaaradda saami dhan 15% guud ahaan bixinata miisaaniyadda dawladda taasoo loogu talo galay tacliinta. Tacliintu Waxay noqotay mid muhiim u aha dawlad goboleedyada ama Soomaaliya ha ahaatee ama maamul goboleedyada leh madax banaanida gaarka ah, sanadkii [[2006]] waxay noqotay [[Puntland]] meesha labaad ee Soomaaliya marka laga yimaado [[Somaliland]], taasoo ka dhigtay tacliinta aasaasiga ah mid lacag la'an ah halka ay macalimiinta ka qaatada gunadooda bisha maamulka si toos ah.<ref>[http://www.afrol.com/articles/16083 Staff writer Puntland (Somalia) to introduce free primary schools Afrol News 2006]</ref> Sanadii [[2007]] waxaa batay tirada dugsiyada hoose ee soomaaliya 600 dugsi intii uusan dhicin dagaalkii sokeeye ila iyo 1,172 dugsi iyadoo uu kordhay qadar saami dhan 28% wadarta guud ee tirada ardada heerka hoose.<ref name="Basic education survey">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090205150949/http://education.puntlandgovt.com/BES_presentation2007.pdf Basic education survey]</ref> ==Dhaqaalaha== Asigoo socda dagaalkii sokeeye Soomaaliya waxaa u suuro gashay dhisidda dhaqaale soo koraya sanadihii u dambeeyay kuna tiirsan xoolha nool shirakada xawilaada lacagta iyo shirkadaha isgaarsiinta;<ref name="CIA2008"/> daraasad uu ku sameeyay [[Bankiga Aduunka]] sanadkii [[2003]] dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya waxay muujinaysaa koritaanka qaybaha gaarka ah qaab la arki karo gaar ahaan Ganacsiga iyo Xawilaadaha lacagta iyo adeega aasaasiga ah sidaa daraadeed waxay gaartay in ay ku hormarto qaybaha muhimka ah sida xoolaha beeraha iyo kalluumaysiga,<ref name="world bank 2003">[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/03/25/000112742_20040325090551/Rendered/PDF/282760Somalia0Country0reengagement0note.pdf Country Re-Engagement Note]</ref> sida ay muujisay daraasadda ay soo saartay qaramada midoobay sanadkii [[2007]] koritaanka qaybaha adeegyada<ref name="irin">[http://www.irinnews.org/country.aspx?CountryCode=SO&RegionCode=HOA The Somali Democratic Republic UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]</ref> aqoonyahanka [[Anthroboloji|Anthroboloji]] Spencer Heath McCallum ku saleeyay shuruucda beelaha soomaaliyeed "Xeer" asaas ahaan kaasoo suura galiyay beeyad ku wanaagsan dhaqaalaha si looga wada faaiideysto una wanaagsanaato danaha mashaariic dhaqaale.<ref>[http://mises.org/story/2701 The Rule of Law without the State, Somalia]</ref> Qaybta Beeraha waxaa lagu tiriyaa qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee xagga dhaqaalaha ee dalka iyadoo ah marka lagu daro xoolaha 40% [[Wax soo saar|wax soo saarka dadka]] ee soomaaliya kaasoo ah 65% guud ahaan waxyaabaha ka soo xarooda dhoofinta;<ref name="CIA2008">{{Cite web |ciwaan=CIA - The World Factbook - Somalia (2008) |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html#Econ |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2016-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html#Econ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> marka dhinac la iska dhigo wax soo saarka beeraha iyo hilibka la qalay ama asigoo nool taasoo ay dhoofiso Soomaaliya waxay kale oo ay dhoofisaa [[Kaluun|kaluunka]], [[Dhuxul|dhuxusha]], [[Moos|mooska]], [[Liin|liinta]], [[Galley|Galleyda]], [[Hadhuudh|masago]] dhammaantood waa wax soo saarka gudaha.<ref name="CIA2008"/> Arrinta ku saabsan dhoofinta xoolaha waxay soomaaliya dhoofisay 3 malyan oo xoolo nool ah sanadii [[1999]] waxaana laga dhoofiyay dekadaha [[Boosaaso]] iyo [[Berbera|berbera]] waxaa la dhoofiyay 95% guud ahaan orgida 52% iyo Wanan kuwaas oo laga dhoofiyay Bari afrika guud ahaan. Waxay dhoofisaa [[Somaliland]] sanadkiiba ku dhawaad 180 malyan tan oo xoolo ah marka lagu daro ilaa 480 malyan oo tan wax soo saarka beeraha. Sidaa daraadeed Soomaaliya waxay ku jirtaa suuqgeeyaha ugu weyn [[Lubaan|luubaan]] iyo [[Malmal|malmasha]] guud ahaan aduunka.<ref name="improvement">[http://www.independent.org/pdf/working_papers/64_somalia.pdf Somalia After State Collapse: Chaos or Improvement? Benjamin Powell, Ryan Ford, Alex Nowrasteh November 30, 2006]</ref> [[file:Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154.jpg|thumb|250px|waxaa jira tiro badan shirkadaha duulimaadyada gaarka ah taasoo taasoo hogaaminayasa dagaal xagga dhimista sicirka si ay u hesho tiro badan oo duulumaadyo ah si shirkadaha kale meesha uga saarto.]] Laakiin qaybta warshadaha waxaa ka jirta dhibaato la xiriirta dagaalkii sokeeye oo ku dhisan gasacaynta iyo diyaarinta wax soosaarka beeraha si looga dhigo wax la dhoofin karo, qaybta warshadaha ma dhaafsana 10% wax soo saarka guud ee gudha. Marka laga tago ku tiirsanaanta wax soo saarka beeraha waxaa biloowday qayba ka mid ah wax soo saarka warshadaha horumar ay sameeynayaan, tusaale ahaan waxaa jira shirkado taasoo hogaanka u haysa dagaal ah dhimista sicirka si ay u hesho duulimaadyo badan taasoo meesha ka saaraysa shirkadaha tabarta daran.<ref name = "WB2005-03-18">[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/SOMALIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20398872~menuPK:367671~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:367665,00.html Africa Open for Business The World Bank]</ref> Waxaa kaloo jira qaybo howlo tasoo korriin laga dareemaya taasoo ah mid ay ku tiirsanyihiin shacabka Soomaaliyeed ee dibadda jira sida shirkadaha taleefoonada mobilada iyo xarumaha idaacadaha gaarka loo leeyahay Maqayadaha internetka waxaa sidoo kale jira [[Koka koola]] ee caalami ah taasoo ku tusaysa taasoo ay ku kalsoon yihiin shirkadaha caalamiga ah marka la eego maalgashiga ee hadda Soomaaliya.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3865595.stm Ferrett Grant Coca-Cola Makes Somalia Return BBC News 2004]</ref> Sidaas daraadeed waxaa lagu tiriyaa shikadaha xawilaadda qaybaha ugu badan ganacsiga ee hadda jira, kuwaas oo sameeya ku shubista in ku dhow 2 Bilyan doollar sanadkiiba dalka gudihiisa iyagoo soo mariya xawilaadaha dibadda ee soomaalida dibadda<ref name="CIA2008"/> waxaana lagu tiriyaa shirkadaha aadka ugu dhaqdhaqaa badan qaybtaan shirkadahaan ma sameeyaan qaadista lacagta si xawilladaha khaashka ah waxaa ku xiran shirkaadaas shirkadda "Dahabshiil" oo xarunteedu tahay [[Hargaysa]] kuwaasoo ay ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan 1,000 soomaali waxay leedahay 40 laanmo dhamaan caalamka waxaa ka mid ah laanta [[Dubay]] iyo [[London]].<ref name="Forbes">[http://www.forbescustom.com/EmergingMarketsPgs/AbdirashidDualeInterviewP1.html Freeing Finance: If money makes the world go round, Dahabshiil CEO Abdirashid Duale makes sure it goes to the right people]</ref> Sida ay muujiyeen shirkado maraykan iyo shiine ah si isku mid ah inuu jiro dano muuqda ee ku saabsan macdanta ku jurta soomaaliya gaar ahaan soo saarista shidaalka waxaana taa cadeeyay shirkadda lagu magacaabo ''Range Resources'' ee maraykanka ah jiritaanka kayd badan oo shidaal ah dhulks maamul goboleedka [[Puntland]] lagu qiyaasan shan ilaa toban bilyan oo fuusto ee saliidda ceeriinka ah.<ref>[http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ Exploration rights in Somalia for Chinese oil giant CNOOC Oilmarketer.co.uk 2009-02-25]</ref> ==Isgaarsiinta iyo warbaahinta== Waxaa sii kordhayay tobankii sano ee u danbaysay tiro badan Wargaysyada xarumaha Idaacadaha iyo Talefishinada kuwaas oo aan ku ekayn oo kaliya caasimadda, laakiin u gudbay magaalooyinka waaweyn. kuwaas oo qabsaday warbaahinta. kuma eka oo kaliya warbaahinta waxyba gaartay isgaarsiinta xarigga dhulka iyo midda xarig la' iyadoo ay korotay adeegsedeyaasha [[Internet]]ka shan sano gudaheed intii u dhaxeeysay [[2002]] iyo [[2007]] qiyaastii 44,900% iyadoo gaartay heerkii ugu sareeyay koritaanka afrika abid.<ref>[http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats1.htm#africa Internet Usage Statistics for Africa, Internetworldstats.com]</ref> Iyadoo ay ka wada hadlayaan shirkadaha guud ee ka shaqeeya [[Macluumaadka Teknolojiyadda]] suuq ka kooban nus malyan adeegsade internet. waxaa hadda laga helaa Soomaaliya 22 [[Bixiyaha Adeegga Internet]] waxaa dheeraad ah ilaa 234 [[Maqaayad Internet]] oo dalka ku faafsan taasoo sanadkiiba ku guulaysatay gaarsiinta 15.6%. waxaana hadda la suurta-galiyay isgaarsiin Internet ah dhanka [[Dayax Gacmeed]]ka gaar ahaan meelaha fogfog taas oo aan lahayn [[Codsi Talefon|Khad taleefan]] ama shabkad xarig la' ah. Waxay ka mid ah [[Qaramada Midoobay]] ama [[NGO|Heeyadaha aan dawliga ahayn]] Hay'adaha maaliyadda gaar ahaan shirkadaha xawila lacagta iyo maqaayadaha internetka waa kuwa ugu badan adeesiga shabakadda caarcaarada Internetka ee dalka. Waxaa lagu tiriyaa qaybta [[Codsi Talefon|Isgaarsiinta Talefonka]] ee internetka kuwa ugu badanq qayb ahaan koritaanka marka loo eego dhamaan qaaradda isla goobta iyadoo koraysa tirada [[Talefon Guri]] kuwaasoo sanadkii gaari kara 12.5% (hadda waxaa la helaa 100,000 khad talefon guri) markii la barbar dhigo dawladaha kale ee dhaca geeska afrika gaar ahaan bariga afrika si guud kuwaas oo dhib ku qaba xiridda khadka talefonka guriga sabab ka dhalatay burburin ulakac ah sicir barar ku yimid fiilooyinka maarta ah ee loo adeegsado galinta taleefonada dhulka. Waxaa xusid mudan gaarsiinta khad dhulka ah ee kuwa cusub ah ee cusub waxay qaadanaysaa saddex maalmood oo kaliya Soomaaliya laakiin waxay gaari kartaa sanado dheer dalka dariska la ah ee lagu magacaabo [[Kiinya]]. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa qaybta isgaarsiinta ee xariga dhulka ah dalka waa qaybaha ugu wanaagsan marka loo eego qaarada Afrika kuwaas oo ay bixiyaan shirkado badan soona gudbiya adeeg heer sare ah waxaa ka mid ah la hadalka dibadda adigoo bixinaya 10 doollar oo kaliya, waxaa taa dheer Isgaarsiin xarig la' tasoo ay korortay koror aad u weyn tirada haysata ee shirkadaha adeega bixinta taleefonada xarig la' kaasoo gaaray 627,000 adeegsade. ==Ciidanka== Ciidanka somaliya waa kuwa igu awooda badan afrika waxa ayna la dagaalameen ciidankii itoobiya 1977 waxaan guuleestay ciidanka somaliya somaliya ciidankeeda wexee Ku bixisaa dakhli dhan 50 bilyan oo doolar waana ciida Ka daagalimi Kara cimila walba qaboow iyo kulee {{flag|Somalia}} Somalis 🇸🇴♥️♥️♥️♥️.!!` ==Beeyada== Soomaaliya waxaa hareeyay cimilo kulul oomane ah, halka uu gaarayo roobka da'a inta u dhexeysa sanadkiiba 10 20 iyo [[Inji]] halka ayna ka badnayn dhulka la beeri karo 2% bedka guud ee Soomaaliya, dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa mid ku reebay raad xun Kaymaha, waxaa la jaray in badan oo geedahaas ah ujeedaduna waxay ahayd [[Dhuxul]] taas oo sababtay [[Abaar|abaar]]. Dawladdii Hantiwadaaga waxay samaysay qorshe ballaaran ee ah beerista dhir guud ahaan jamhuuriyadda taas oo loola jeeday '''Bacaad celin''' iyo ka hortagga saxaraha. waxaana la aas'aasay markii ugu horaysay hay'adda beeyada ee soomaaliya xilligii Hantiwadaaga taasoo loogu magac-daray "ECOTERRA Somalia" ee raacsan "Golaha Beeyada Soomaaliya" taasoo gacan ka gaysatay wacyi galint ku saabsan beeyada waxay kaloo samaysay dhaqaajinta barnaamijkii beeyada dhammaan qaybaha xukuumadda sidoo kale heeyadaha bulshada rayadka ah sidoo kale waxaa la aas'aasay "xarunta cilimi baarista iyo la socodka iyo dhowrista nolosha barriga" iyadoo loo marayo heeyada "ECOTERRA" caalamiga ah sanadkii [[1986]], waxaa faaiidadeeda la arkay [[1989]] halka ay ogolaadeen xisbiyada dalka xukuumadda dhammaan saxiixa xukuumadda soomaaliya heshiis "manuuciaya ka ganacsiga nuucyada sii baaba'ya" (CITES) taasoo waxaa markii ugu horreysay la mamnuucay ka ganacsiga [[Ilik|faanta]] [[Maroodi|maroodiga]]. Waxaa taa la socday u dhaq-dhaqaaqda iyo abaal marinta goldman ee beeyada {{en|Goldman Environmental Prize}} Faaduma Jibriil olo-oleynta bulshada ee ku wajahnayd ku wacyi galinta beeyada waxayna ka soo biloowday magaaladii ay ku dhalatay iyadoo isku duba riday guddiyo ilaaliya nolosha barriga xeebaha, waxay kaloo tababartay kuwaas oo u howl gali doona ilaalinta beeyada gaar ahaan meelaha dhuxuusha laga gubo. ==Dadka== Waxa uu gaarayaa dadka [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliya]] dega ilaa 12,832,017 qof, waana tiro aan la hubin waxaana la xisaabsada tirada dadka tii ay samaysay dawladdii Hantiwadaaga [[1975]], waxaa kale oo jira trakoob soo baxay [[2015]] oo qiyaas ah kaas oo ay soo bandhigtay Wasaarada Qorshaynta Soomaaliya waxaana lagu sheegay 12,316,895 qof suurtagal maaha in la ogaado tirakoobka rasmiga ah ee hadda taasoo ay sababtu tahay mujtamaca soomaaliyeed oo u badan [[Reer guuraa]] sidoo kale tira badan oo barakacayaal ah kuwaas oo ka cararay baahi ama dagaal sokeeye, sidoo kale waxaa kordhay tirada ku maqan qurbaha dagaalkii sokeeye dabadii taasoo hadana sabatay in ay dalka ka cararaan aqoonyahanadii soomaaliyeed una cararaan [[Bariga Dhexe]], [[Yurub]] iyo [[Woqooyiga Ameerika]]. Sinjiga ugu badan, oo ah 85% waa [[Soomaali]] iyadoo aay jiraan sinjiyo kale oo isku dardar ah kuwaas oo gaaraya 15%, waxaa ka mid ah: Baantuuga Gibilcadka Barawaani Baajuun, [[Hindi]], [[Iiraan]] waxaa kaloo jira kuwo ay dhaleen isticmaarka xilligii gumaysiga talyaaniga kuwaas oo lagu magacaabo Misyooni oo gaaraya 30 kun oo qof waxaa jiri kara dadyoow kale ee aan Soomaali ahayn oo iska tagay markii xoriyadda la qaatay [[1960]] horayna u raacan isticmaarkii. ==Luqadda== [[File:R.publication Somali language.jpg|thumb|center|196px|Daabacadaha [[Af Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]]<ref> '''[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/ Buugag iyo Qormo Dhigashada… (Jw.org)] '''</ref>]] [[Af-Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]] waa Afka rasmiga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya waana Af-soomaaliga ([[Maay]] iyo [[Maxaa tiri]]), waa mid ka mid ah afafka [[Luqadaha Kushiitiga|Kushiitiga]] taasoo ah mid raacsan laan ka mid ah laamaheeda [[Afro-Aasiyatik|Afrika Aasiya]], kuwa ugu dhow Af-Soomaaliga waa Af-Cafarta taasoo looga hadlo [[Itoobiya]], [[Eratareya]] iyo [[Jabuuti]], sidoo kale [[Oramada]] taasoo iyana looga hadlo [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kiinya]]. Af-Soomaaligu waa tan ugu badan Afafka Kushitiga loogu qorista badanyahay sideedaba,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200327170337/http://www.springerlink.com/content/b14r67j54k377r7g/ A software tool for research in linguistics and lexicography: Application to Somali 2018-12-05]</ref> Waxaa jirtay daraasad cilmiyeed ku saabsan [[Af-Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]] kana horaysay 1900. ==Diinta== Muddaddii qadiimiga, Soomaalidda waxay ku baraarugsanaan jiray diinta [[Waaqiya]], laakin maanta, marka laga reebo in yar oo ka mid ah [[Soomaalida|shacabka soomaaliyeed]] dhammaantood waxay haystaam [[Islaam|islaamka]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061214023655/http://www.mepc.org/workshops/popstat.asp Middle East Policy Council - Muslim Populations Worldwide 2018-12-05]</ref> badankood waa [[Ahlu sunno waljamaaca|sunno]] kuwaas oo haysta [[Madhabo|madhabka]] shaaficiyadda<ref name="Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi">Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi, ''Culture and Customs of Somalia'', (Greenwood Press: 2001), p.1</ref> wuxaa lagu tilmaamaya dastuurka soomaaliya in ay diinta islaamku tahay diinta kaliya ee dalka ka jiri karta, shareecada islaamkuna tahay asalka. ==Ciidaha iyo fasaxyada rasmiga ah== {{Ciidaha Soomaaliya}} ==Dhaqanka== Soomaalidu waxay ku abtirsataa dhaqan fac weyn oo xeerar iyo qawaaniintiisa leh. Marka aad culuuntan dhaqanka qaarkood dhegeysato waxaad garan karaysaa baaxadda dhaqan cilmiyeysan ay laahaayeen Soomaalidii hore. Dhaqanka soomaaliyeed wuxuu isugu jiraa caadooyin waxyaabo la soo wariyay dhaqankaas oo ku kaydsan maskaxda waayeelka soomaaliyeed taasoo casriyo hore lagu dhaqmi jiray dhaqamada gudaha iyo dhaqamada dawlado kale keeneen soomaaliya waa mid ku salaysan taariikh sida [[Itoobiya]] [[Kiinya]], [[Yemen]] ,[[Hindiya]] iyo [[Iiraan]]. ===Miyuusigga=== Soomaaliya waxay uga duwantahay dunida inteeda kale iyadoo ah mid ka mid ah dawladaha Afrika taasoo shacabkeedu ka koobanyahay hal qomiyad waana [[Soomaali]] taasoo ka dhigtay in ay ka midaysan yihiin naaxiyadda muusikada guud ahaan dalka waana waxa ka caawiyay faafinta kooxada muusikada soomaaliyeed oo ay ka mid tahay kooxda "Waabari" iyo "Horseed" meela ka baxsan Soomaaliya qaar ka mid ah ayaa sameeyay laxan heesaa soomaaliyeed sida "[[Maryan Mursal]]" iyagdoo musikadii Soomaaliyeed qaybo kale oo reer galbeed ku dhexdartay. ===Fanka=== * Fanka soomaalida wuxuu u qaysanyahay: * Fan shaxaneed, sida farshaxanka – Sawirka – Far-guri – Injineernimo – Dhisme – Fanka dhismaha – Geeda qoris... * Fan ku luuqeen, Suugaan – sida Miyuusiga – Heesaha - Shineemda iyo masraxiyadda – Gabayga – Sheeko xiriirta... * Fan Cayaareed, sida qoobka cayaarka – Gamuuan tuurka – Indhe sarcaad – Shiribka – Jaandheerta – Dhaantada... Waa hab, [[gabay|abuurida]], qurxinta, habaynta iyo soo bandhiga [[hees|heesaha Soomaalida]], [[ruwaayad]]aha iyo [[majaajilo]]oyinka u dhaqanka ah [[dadka Soomaalida]] ah meelkasta ooy joogaan, gaar ahaan inta ku dhaqan [[Bariga Afrika]]. Guud ahaan, fanka Soomaalidu waa nooc ka mid ah [[Suugaan|Suugaanta Soomaalida]]. Sidoo kale, dadka ku hadla [[Af Soomaali]]ga waxay leeyihiin [[fan]] aad u heersareeya, qani ku ah aqoon iyo xirfad qoto dheer. In kastoo fanka maanta jira yahay mid aad u da' yar wuxuu leeyahay waaxyaabo iyo noocyo aad u badan. Kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah [[qaaci|heesaha qaaciga]], [[qaraami]]ga, heesaha jaaska, [[ruwaayad]]aha, [[majaajilo]]yinka, [[filim]]aanta, bandhigyada fanka, qoob-ka-ciyaarka iyo guud ahaan madadaalada ku baxda luuqada [[Soomaaliga]]. ===Cunto karinta=== [[file:Somali food.jpg|thumb|196px|nuucyada kala gadisan ee [[Cunto kariska soomaalida|Cunto]].|alt=]] Cunto kariska Soomaalida wuu kala gadisanyahay meel walbo meesha kale sidaa daraadeed inuu ka mid yahay waxyaabaha muhimka u ah soomaalida in laga heli karo meel kasta ee dalka ka mid ah cunto [[Xalaal]] ah sida ay qabto diinta islaamka sida in aysan dhici karin wax ay ku jiraan xedha doofaarkaama [[Hilib]] [[Doofaar]] sidoo kale ma laga yaabo in laguu keeno [[Cabitaan]] alkolo ah nuucyadii kala duwan, sidoo kale lagama cuno bakhtiga, ama dhiiga la fariisiyay. Soomaaliya waxaa laga qadeeyaa kowda wixii ka dambeeya duhurka dabadii laakiin inta lagu guda jiro bisha [[Ramadaan]] waxaa la cunayaa Marka ay dhamaato salaadda taraawiixdataasoo xitaa gaadhi karta kow iyo tobanka fiidnimo. waxaa la cunaa "Cambuulada" oo ugu badan bisha Soomaaliya taasoo laga cuno dhammaan dalka, waxaa la kariyaa marka hore cambuulada, taasoo meelaha qaar looga yaqaan digir ([[Af-Soomaali]]: digir), muddo gaarsiisan shan saacadood oo xidhiidh ah dab yar oo khafiif ah si ay u noqoto mid bisil. Waxaa kale oo jirta [[Muufo]] taasoo ka samaysan [[Galley|Ganleey]] la shiiday kadibna la cajiimay laguna dubay [[Tinaar]], waxaa qaabkaas oo kale loo sameeyaa [[Sabaayad]] waxay kaga duwantahay dubista. ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Soomaali luqadda dhegoolaha]] * [[Somaliland]] * [[Djibouti]] * [[IGAD]] * [[Diinta Soomaalida]] ==Xogta== {{reflist}} ==Daabacado kale== <div class="mw-content-ltr"> * Hadden, Robert Lee. 2007. [http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA464006 "The Geology of Somalia: A Selected Bibliography of Somalian Geology, Geography and Earth Science."]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Engineer Research and Development Laboratories, Topographic Engineering Center, Alexandria, VA. Abstract. * Hess, Robert L. ''Italian Colonialism in Somalia''. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1966. *Fitzgerald, Nina J. ''Somalia''. New York: Nova Science, Inc., 2002. * Lewis. I.M. ''Pastoral Democracy: A study on Pastoralism and Politics among the Northern Somali clans''. Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1958. ISBN 978-3-8258-3084-7. * Mwakikagile, Godfrey. ''The Modern African State: Quest for Transformation'', Chapter Four: Somalia: A Stateless State - What Next?, pp.&nbsp;109–132, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Huntington, New York, 2001. * Tripodi, Paolo. ''The Colonial Legacy in Somalia''. New York: St. Martin's P Inc., 1999. </div> ==Linkiyo banaanka ah== ; Xukuumadda * [http://www.tfgsomalia.net Websitkii dawladdii federaalka ku meel gaarka ahayd] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tfgsomalia.net/ |date=20190924214612 }} * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/somalia.html Raysulwasaaraha iyo liiska wasiirada] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/somalia.html |date=20120926194338 }} * [https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/iimaan-run-ah/iimaanka-runta-ah-muxuu-yahay/ Soomaali: Iimaan Run ah Waa Waddada Nolol Farxad Leh] ;Macluumaad guud * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html Bogga Soomaaliya ee buugga ''World Factbook'' Sirdoonka Maraykanka] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |date=20160701194614 }} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/somalia.htm Maktabadda jaamacadda koloraado] * [http://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Somalia Hagista safarka ee soomaaliya (Af-Ingiriis) ee websiteka ''Wikivoyage''] ;Warbaahin * [http://allafrica.com/somalia/ Wararka ugu doorka roon ee doomaaliya] websiteka ''allafrica.com'' * [http://www.irinnews.org/Africa-Country.aspx?Country=SO IRIN Somalia] Wararka iyo hubinta warsaxaafadeedka ee ku saabsan arrimaha bini aadamnimo ee soomaaliya ;Kuwo kale {{col-begin}} {{col-1-of-2}} * [http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/somalia Hay´adda laanqeerta cas ee Soomaaliya] * [http://www.somaliaonline.com/ Somalia Online] * [http://www.somalilink.com/ The Somali Link] * [http://education.nairobi-unesco.org/ Xafiiska UNESCO ee nairobi ee quseeya waxbarashada Soomaaliya] {{col-2-of-2}} * [http://education.nairobi-unesco.org/PDFs/somalia.pdf Xafiiska UNESCO ee Nairobi barnaamijyafa tacliinta ee dhammaan 2015 - Soomaaliya] * [http://www.kataaib.net Websiteka Mustaqbalka umadda Soomaaliyeed] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kataaib.net/ |date=20081028004403 }} * [http://www.mapsyou.com/mapsFrame.aspx?p1=117 Khariidada ee websitka ado] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mapsyou.com/mapsFrame.aspx?p1=117 |date=20090114115414 }} * [http://www.jaallesiyaad.com Websiteka rasmiga ah ee taariikhda gaarka ah Madaxweyne Syd. Barre] {{col-end}} {{Jiho | Woqooyi Galbeed = {{flag|Djibouti}} | Woqooyi = {{flag|Yemen}} • ''[[Gacanka Cadmeed]]'' | Woqooyi Bari = ''[[Gacanka Cadmeed]]'' | Galbeed = {{flag|Ethiopia}} | Magaca = {{flag|Somalia}} | Bari = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' | Koofur = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' | Koofur Galbeed = {{flag|Kenya}} | Koofur Bari = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' }} {{coord|02|02|N|45|21|E|type:Soomaaliya | display=title}} {{Maqaal Xul Ah|subst=4928983 |Taariikh=26 Diseember 2015}} {{Portal bar|Soomaaliya}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Soomaaliya|*]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah midowga afrika]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah jaamacadda carabta|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah ururka iskaashiga islaamka|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka ugu horumarka liita|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah qaramada midoobay|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Geeska Afrika|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka dhaca badweynta hindiya|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka iyo meelaha looga hadlo af-soomaaliga|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Jamhuuriyadaha]] [[Category:Wadamada Afrika|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka federaalka ah|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Mustacmarado hore ee talyaaniga|Soomaaliya]] __INDEX__ jqodm07uwjvkassnr5luburx3edqwvs 240476 240475 2022-08-27T20:26:46Z 74.12.157.34 /* Xubin */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Soomaaliya}} {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{Coord|10|N|49|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Soomaaliya | common_name = Somalia | native_name = Federal Republic of Somalia</br>جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_coat =Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | national_anthem = "{{lang|so|[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]|italic=no}}"<Br><center>[[File:Somalian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]</center> | image_map = Somalia (orthographic projection).svg | map_caption = Meelaha ay maamusho Dowlada Somalia waxaa lagu muujiyay cagaar madow ah; meelaha ay maamusho dowladda somaliland waxaa lagu muujiyay cagaar khafiif ah. Soonayaasha la maamulaayo waa mida waqtigaan xaadirka.<!-- Parameter is earmarked for text description of location of country per [[Template:Infobox_country#Syntax]]. --> | image_map2 = Somalia - Location Map (2011) - SOM - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[Muqdisho]] | coordinates = {{Coord|2|2|N|45|21|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Soomaali|Soomaali]] | [[Af-Carabi|Carabi]]}} | languages_type = Afafka qalaad | languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriis]]|[[Af-Taliyaani|Talyaani]]<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ita ethnologue.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&category=&publisher=&type=LEGISLATION&coi=SOM&rid=456d621e2&docid=4795c2d22&skip=0 Scuola media di Mogadiscio]</ref>}} | religion = [[Islam]] | demonym = [[Soomaalida]] | government_type = [[Federation|Federaal]] [[Baarlamaanka Jamhuuriyadda]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweynaha]] | leader_name1 = [[Hasan Sheekh Maxamuud]],[[PDP]] | leader_title2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Raiisul wasaaraha]] | [[Mohamed Hussein Roble]] | legislature = [[Baarlamaanka Dowlada Fadaraalka||Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] | sovereignty_type = [[Taariikhda Soomaaliya|Samaynta]] | established_event9 = [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska Somaliland]] | established_date9 = 1884 | established_event10 = [[Boqortooyada Talyaaniga Somaliland]] | established_date10 = 1889 | established_event11 = ka xoroobay [[Boqortooyada Talyaaniga]] | established_date11 = 1 Juulyo 1960 | established_event12 = [[Qaraarka Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay 141|Qaraarka Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay]] ogolaashaha [[Qaramada Midoobay]] | established_date12 = 20 Sebteembar 1960 | established_event13 = [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka hadda]] | established_date13 = 1 Agoosto 2012 | area_km2 = 637,657 | area_rank = 43rd <!--should be same as listed on [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 246,200 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | percent_water = | population_estimate = 11,031,386 | population_estimate_year = 2017 | population_estimate_rank = {{smaller|76th}} | population_density_km2 = 19.31<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161003235053/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/arabstates/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf UNFPA Somali Population Survey 2014]. Somalia.unfpa.org (6 April 2014). Retrieved 6 October 2016.</ref> | population_density_sq_mi = 41.73 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | GDP_PPP = [[United States dollar|US$]] | GDP_PPP_year = 61 | GDP_PPP_rank = 75 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]3077.23 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 100 | GDP_nominal = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]9.0 Billion Dollars | GDP_nominal_year = | GDP_nominal_rank = {{smaller|114th}} | GDP_nominal_per_capita = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]2716 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = {{smaller|133rd}} | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI = <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank =153 | currency = [[Shilin Soomaali]] | currency_code = $1=100 SOS | time_zone = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Lambarka Taleefoonada Soomaaliya|+252]] | cctld = [[.so]] | today = |leader_name2=[[xamse cabdi barre]]}} '''Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|Somalia}}, [[Carabi|Af Carabi]] الصومال), sida rasmiga ah loo yaqaano '''Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|Federal Republic of Somalia}}) (waxaa hore loo oran jirey [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]] xiligii hore ee Hantiwadaaga), oo sii dhaxal ahaana loo yaqaano '''Soomaal''' waa [[Dowlad]] iyo wadan dhacda [[Geeska afrika|Geeska Afrika]] ama Foolalka [[Afrika]] ee kasii socda [[Marinka Gardafuul]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay maamul goboleedyo sida [[Puntland]], [[Jubaland]], [[Galmudug]], [[Hirshabeelle]], [[Koonfur Galbeed]]. Waxaa ka xiga bariga [[marinka Gardafuul]] iyo [[Seyshelles]], iyo [[Soqotra]] iyo [[badda Soomaal]], koofuurna [[Kenya]]. Waxaa ku nool dad [[Faanyahan]] ah, iyo dadka [[Dhul-hoos Bari Kushiitik]] ah. Waxaa dawlada Soomaaliya ka horeeyay boqortooyada [[Diiriye Guure]]. Juquraafi ahaan [[Kiinya]] Koofur galbeed, iyo [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] woqooyiga iyo [[Marinka Gardafuul]] bariga iyo [[Itoobiya]] galbeedka. Waxay leedahay xad badeedka ugu dheer qaaradda Afrika. Waxaa kala duwan qaabka dhulka kuwaas oo kala ah [[Buur|Buuro]], [[Dul]] iyo [[Bannaan]]. Cimiladeeda oo ah lama degaan kulul dhamaan sanadka iyada oo ay jiraan xoogaa dabaylo xilliyeed iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. [[File:ShenDuGiraffePainting.jpg|thumb|right|250px|]] [[File:Somalia scramble for africa period geledi hobyo huwan, Diiriye Guure kingdom.png|thumb|right|195px|]] [[File:Somshil5r.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] [[File:Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud-vf.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Soomaaliya xilliyadii hore waxay ahayd meelaha ugu muhiimsan [[Ganacsi|ganacsiga]] caalamiga ah ee ka dhexeeyay dawladihii hore ee caalamka. Xilli ay ahaayeen Badmareenada iyo ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed kuwo dhoofiya [[Luubaan]]ta iyo [[Malmal]]sha taasoo ka dhignayd kuwo u soo saari jiray [[Masar|Masartii hore]], Fiiniqiyiintii, Maysuuniyiintii iyo Baabil taasoo isku xiri jirtay dhammaan gaadiidka Awrta ama [[Geel]]a ganacsiga Soomaaliyeed waxay la wadaageen [[Soomaalida]] xiriir ganacsi.<ref>Phoenicia pg 199</ref><ref>The Aromatherapy Book by Jeanne Rose and John Hulburd pg 94</ref> Sida ay la tahay in badan oo taariikhyahano ah iyo kuwa dhiga taariikhda, waxay cadeeyeen Soomaaliya in ay tahay meesha lagu tilmaamay dhukii Buntiga ee hore taasoo la lahayd xiriir wanaagsan Faraaciintii [[Masar]] gaar ahaan xilligii [[Fircoon]] "saaxuurac" ee ka midka ahaa boqoradii [[Masar]] casrigii Dawladdii hore, iyo boqortooyadii "Xatshabsuut" ee ka mid aheeyd boqoradii qoyskii reer masar ee sideed iyo tobanaad casrigii dawladda cusub.<ref>Egypt: 3000 Years of Civilization Brought to Life By Christine El Mahdy</ref><ref>Ancient perspectives on Egypt By Roger Matthews, Cornelia Roemer, University College, London.</ref><ref>Africa's legacies of urbanization: unfolding saga of a continent By Stefan Goodwin</ref><ref>Civilizations: Culture, Ambition, and the Transformation of Nature By Felipe Armesto Fernandez</ref> Waxaa loo malaynayaa arrinkaas dhismeyaasha Ahraamta iyo Macbadyo iyo dhismeyaal ee lagu dhisay Garanayt iyo Shiil Cad taasoo loo malaynayo waqtigeeda isla xililligaas una dhigma kuwa la midka ah ee dhismeyaashii msar.<ref>Man, God and Civilization pg 216</ref> sidoo kale xilliyadii hore, waxaa tartamayay dawlado kuwaasoo isku dayay in ay xiriir la yeeshaan dadyoow deganaa dhuka Soomaaliyeed sida jasiiradda xaafuun raas casayr iyo Malaw iyo Mareeg iyo dariskooda Boqrtooyadii Saba iyo Arshek iyo Boqortooyadii Aksam ee ku salaysan ganacsi iyo qaybo ka mid ah boqoro ka jiray Hindiya iyo [[Giriig]]a iyo Roomaanka.<ref>Oman in history By Peter Vine Page 324</ref> Markii ay ka soo if baxday diinta islaamka meel ku beegan geeska AfricaSoomaaliya [[Baddacas|Badda cas]] waxay soo qaateen ganacsatada iyo badmareenada soomaaliyeed ee aadi jiray Jasiirad la mooda carbeed diinta Islaamka taasoo ka dhalatay macaamilka ay la lahaayeen [[carabta]] Muslimka ah. Hijrooyinkii ay sameeyeen dad saxaabada ka mid ah meelo badan oo dunida muslimka ah qarniyadii hore ee diinta islaamku faafaysay ayaa waxay sahashay in ay soomaalidu qaadato diinta islaamka si nabad ah macalimiin Soomaaliyeedna ayna barayeen dadka, waxaa ka dhismay dhulka Soomaaliyeed dawlado iyo magaalooyin islaami ah sida magaalooyinka [[Muqdisho]], [[Baraawe]], [[Mareeg]] iyo [[Marka]], taasoo ahayad qayb ka mid ah ilbaxnimadii Soomaalida. Waxaa loo yaqiin magaalada muqdisho ''"Magaaladii Islaamka"''<ref>Society, security, sovereignty and the state in Somalia – Page 116</ref> Waxaa la joogay ganacsiga [[Dahab|dahabka]] ee ku taal [[Bariga Afrika]] qarniyo badan.<ref>East Africa: Its Peoples and Resources – Page 18</ref> iyo [[Casriyadii dhexe]], Boqotooyooyin Soomaaliyeed baa la wareegay wadooyinkii ganacsiga sida [[saldanadii Ajuuraan]] taasoo xukumaysay dhulka intii u dhexaysay qarniyadii laba iyo tobanaad ilaa todoba iyo tobanaad ciise dabadii taasoo alliftay hindisaha cilmiga dareeraha dheqdheqaaqa iyo dhismeyaasha darbi difaaca,<ref>Shaping of Somali society Lee Cassanelli pg.92</ref> Sidoo kale [[saldanadii Cadal]] taasoo [[Imaam Axmed Guray]] waa ciidankii ugu horeeyay afrika ee adeegsada Madfac dagaalkii lagula jiray xabashida<ref>Futuh Al Habash Shibab ad Din</ref> intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1529]] ilaa [[1543]], sidoo kale qoyskii Goonroon taasoo xukumi jirtay magaalada Laamu ee xiriirka la lahayd saldanada cumaan ee iyana hoos imaan jirtay [[Cusmaaniyiinta]] kaasoo ka qaadi jiray Jizyo [[suldaan axmed yuusuf]], suldaankii afaraad ee Ajuuraan kaasoo xukumayay intii u dhexaysay [[1848]] ilaa [[1878]].<ref>Sudan Notes and Records – Page 147</ref> Qarnigii sagaal iyo tobanaad kadib [[kulankii Baarliin 1884]], boqortooyooyinka yurub waxay u soo direen cidmadooda Baragiga Afrika Si ay dhulkaas caalamka istiraatiijiga u ah u qabsadaan taasoo kaliftay in [[Diiriye Guure]], aasaasihii dawladdii daraawiishta in uu ciidamo soomaali ah ka soo usruusado geeska afrika oo dhan waxay ahayd inta taariikhda la ogyahay is hortaag kii ugu weynaa ee lagu sameeyo Isticmaarka.baraawe Waxaa u suurta gashay Soomaalida ugu horayn ka hortagga Soomaalida.<ref>Politics, language, and thought: the Somali experience – Page 135</ref><ref>Africa report pg 69</ref><ref>Essentials of geography and development: concepts and processes By Don R. Hoy, Leonard Berry pg 305</ref><ref>Encyclopedia of African history – Page 1406</ref> dawladii boqortooyada Diiriye Guure waxay iska caabiyeen [[Ingiriiska]] afar mar oo isxigta waxaana lagu qasbay in ay dib ugu gurato dhanka xeebaha. waxay jabtay boqortooyda [[Diiriye Guure]] [[1920]] kadib adeegsigii Ingiriiska uu adeegsaday diyaaradaha intii dagaalka lagu jiray duqaynta [[taleex]] caasimadda ciidankii [[Diiriye Guure]] iyo dhamaan dhulkii [[Diiriye Guure]] waxaa la wareegay ciidmadii gumaysiga Ingiriiska. Sidoo kale [[Talyaaniga]] wuxuu la kulmay iska caabin kaga imaanaysay salaadiin Soomaaliyeed mana uwada suurta galin in uu wada qabsado qaybo ka mid ah dalka ee hadda loo yaqaan Dawladda Soomaaliya marka laga reebo xilligii fajiistaha dabayaaqadii sanadkii [[1927]] waxayna haysteen ilaa [[1941]] kaasoo lagu bedelay xukunkii ciidmada ee Ingiriiska. Woqooyiga Soomaaliya wuxuu sii ahaaday mustacmarad Ingiriis ah halka koofurta Soomaaliya isku bedeshay dawlad madax bannaan laakiin ay la socoto wasaayad ilaa laga gaaro midayntii labada gobol [[1960]] kuma midoobeen magaca Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya. [[File:Somrepitu.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Soomaaliya waxay xubin ka noqotay [[Jaamacada Carabta]] sanadii [[1974]]. sidoo kale Soomaaliya waxay xiriir fiican la samaysatay dadlalk afrika, waxay ka mid ahayd dawladihii aasaasay [[Midowga Afrika]], waxay taageeri jirtay ANC ee [[Koonfur Afrika]] kana soo herjeeday nidaamkii ''Apartheid'' ee cunsuriga ahaa<ref>[http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/anctoday/2007/text/at01.txt ANC Today Volume 7, No. 1, 12-18 January 2007]</ref> waxay kaloo taageertay Soomaaliya dagaalyanada [[Eratareya]] intii ay ku jirtay Eretariyiinta dagaalkii looga soo horjeeday [[Itoobiya]].<ref>Superpower diplomacy in the Horn of Africa – Page 22</ref> Iyadoo ka mid ah Dawladaha Islaamiga hadana Soomaaliya waxay ahayd aasaasayaashii [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] sidoo kale waxay xubin ka ahayd [[Qaramada Midoobay]]. Soomaaliya iyadoo dhibaato kala kulantay [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]] iyo deganaasho la'an ku baahday gudaha, waxay ku guulaysatay abuurista Suuq xor ah kana sareeya inbadan ee nidaamayada dhaqaale ee Afrika kale sida ay sheegtay daraasad ay sameeysay qaramada midobay.<ref>[http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=25433&Cr=Somalia&Cr1= UN news center. Somalia economy stronger than others in Africa, UN-backed meeting says]</ref> ==Taariikh== {{Faahfaahin|Taariikhda Soomaaliya}} {{Taariikhda Soomaaliya}} === Casrigii wixii ka horeeyay taariikhda === Dadka waxay yimaadeen dhulka Soomaaliyeed Casrigii dhagxaanta, taasoo loo celinayo sawirada lagy hardhay darbiyada godoka woqooyiga Soomaaliya sanadihii 9000 CH. gododkaas waxaa ugu caansan "Laas Geel" oo ku taal meel u dhow [[Hargaysa]] taasoo lagu arkay darbiyada mid ka mid ah kuwii ugu horeeyay ee waxa darbiyada lagu sawiray ah qaaradda afrika. sidoo kale awaxaa la helay qoraallo ku hoos qoran sawirada ama darbiyada si guud laakiin Culimada Raadraaca uma suuta galin in ay aqoonsadaan sumadaha luqadaas ama qoraalladaas marka laga reebo.<ref>Susan M. Hassig, Zawiah Abdul Latif, ''Somalia'', (Marshall Cavendish: 2007), p.22</ref> Intii lagu jiray [[Casrigii dhagaxa]] waxaa soo baxay ilabaxnimo ka jirtay meela ku dhowdhow magaalada hargaysa. Sidoo kale waxaa la helay waxa ku tusaya meel qabuuro lagu sameeyay Janaaso ee geeska afrika taasoo laga helay Soomaaliya taasoo loo malaynayo taariikhdeeda afar kun sano CH. Sidoo kale waxaa qalab laga soo saaray meesha "Galiilow" ee taariikhiga ah woqooyiga Soomaaliya taasoo ah isku xiraha Bari iyo Galbeed intii lagu jiray qarniyadii ugu horeeyay ee dadka dhulka ugu soo horeeyay.<ref>Prehistoric Implements from Somaliland by H. W. Seton-Karr pg 183</ref> [[File:Mogadishustadium.jpg|thumb|195px|alt=cecafa International Stadium |cecafa international stadium]] == Qarniyadii hore iyo waagii Diiriye Guure == Baydka [[Gunbur|pyramidical]] dhismayaasha, [[ Mooshin|mausoleums]], magaalooyinkii baabba'ay, oo derbiyadeeda dhagax, sida [[Wargaade Wall|Wall Wargaade]], waa caddayn ilbaxnimada duug ah in hal mar soo halgamay ee Jasiiradda Soomaali.<ref name="Nthos">[https://books.google.com/?id=FlL2vE_qRQ8C Njoku Raphael Chijioke The History of Somalia ABC-CLIO, 29–31]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=RO4kS1IR71sC Dalal Roshen, The Illustrated Time History of the World, 2011, The Rosen Publishing Group, 131]</ref> Ilbaxnimadani waxay ku raaxaysatay xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd [[ Masar qadiimiga ah|Masar qadiimiga ah]] iyo [[ Mycenaean Griiga|Mycenaean Giriig]] ilaa qarnigii labaad ee sano ka hor, iyagoo taageeraya fikirka ah in Soomaaliya ama gobollada ku dhow ay ahaayeen meesha [[Dhul Udug|Dhulkii]] hore [[Dhulkii punt|ee Punt]]. <ref name="Nthos" /><ref>[https://books.google.com/?id=1E13DorsFMEC Abdel Monem A. H. Sayed|first=Zahi A. Hawass (ed.), Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty Century: Archaeology, 2003, American Univ in Cairo Press, P 432–433]</ref> Puntites waxay ka ganacsan jireen [[malmal]], udgoon, dahab, alwaax, lo'di gaaban, fool maroodi iyo [[Uunsi|frankincense oo ay]] la galeen Masriyiintii, Fenisiyiinta, Baabuloonkii, Hindiya, Shiinaha iyo Roomaaniya iyagoo adeegsanaya dekedohooda ganacsi. Safarkii Masaarida u diray [[Sideed iyo tobnaad Masar|Boqortooyada 18-aad ee]] Boqortooyada [[Hatshepsut]] ayaa lagu duubay macbudyada ku yaal [[Deir el-Bahari]], xilligii boqornimadii Boqorka Puntite Parahu iyo boqoradda Ati.<ref name="Nthos" /> Sanadkii 2015kii, falanqayn gaar ah oo ku saabsan tuugadii hore ee duullaanka Punt ee loo keenay Masar hadiyado ayaa muujinaya in muunadani ay u badan tahay inay ka soo jeedaan dhul ku yaal bariga Soomaaliya iyo dariiqa Eritrea iyo Ethiopia. The '''[[Dhulkii punt|Land of Punt]]''' ( [[Luqada Masaarida|Masri]] : ''pwnt'' ; [[Luqada Masaarida|akhrinta]] kale [[Luqada Masaarida|ee loo yaqaan ']] '''Egiptological''' [[Luqada Masaarida|akhrin']] '''Pwene''' ( '''t''' ) , ku dhawaaqida / pu: nt /) waxay ahayd boqortooyo qadiim ah. Lammaane uu ganacsi ee [[Masar]], waxaa lagu yaqaan soo saarka iyo dhoofinta [[Dahab|dahabka]], beduliyum Beeyada, blackwood, haabniim, foolka maroodiga iyo xayawaanka duurjoogta ah. Gobolka waxaa lagu yaqaanaa diiwaannada qadiimiga ah ee Masaarida ee socodsiinta ganacsiga.  Waa macquul inay u dhigantaa [[Opone]] [[Dhulbaxsinta Afrika|geeska Afrika]], oo markii dambe loo yaqaanay Gariiggii hore, halka qaar ka mid ah culimada Baybalka ay ku tilmaameen dhulka kitaabiga ah ee Put ama Havilah. Soomaliya qayb ka mid ah uu ahaa [[Soomaali magaalo-goboleedyada]] in ku hawlan shabakad ganacsi faa'iido badan xira [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] baayacmushtariyaasha la [[Phenicia|Foynike]], [[Boqortooyada Ptolemaic|Ptolemic Masar]], [[Giriiga|Greece]], [[Parthia|Parthian Faaris]], [[Reer Sabaay|Saba]], [[Nabataea]] iyo [[Boqortooyada Roomaanka]] . Badmaaxiinta Soomaaliyeed ayaa adeegsaday markabkii hore ee badda Soomaaliya ee loo yaqaan ' ''[[Beden|sariirta'<nowiki/>]]'' si ay xamuulkooda u qaadaan. <ref name="ReferenceA">Journal of African History pg.50 by John Donnelly Fage and Roland Anthony Oliver</ref> ''[[Beden|<nowiki/>]]'' <Br/> ===Waagii Diiriye Guure iyo casrigii cusbaa boobkii afrika=== Ay sii hayo xilliga wasaayada Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya laakiin ay la socoto ilaalin caalami ah ee adag taasoo shuruud looga dhigay in Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya la siiyo xorriyad buuxda taban sano gudahood;<ref name = "Zolberg"/><ref name=Gates1999>Gates, Henry Louis, ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', (Oxford University Press: 1999), p.1749</ref> halka uu sii ahaanayo [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] maxmiyad Ingiriis ah ilaa laga gaaro [[1960]].<ref name=Tripodi1999>Tripodi, Paolo. ''The Colonial Legacy in Somalia'' p. 68 New York, 1999.</ref> Iyadoo ay jirtay haysashada Talyaaniga Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya kana haysata ogolaasho qaramada midoobay, laakiin xilligaas wasaayada waxay siisay soomaalida khibaradihii loo baahnaa iyo bisayl siyaasadeed iyo awood isxukun waana tusaale aya waayeen reer woqooyiga kuwaas oo markii dambe la midoobay koofurta. Iyadoo ay isku dayeen masuuliyiinta mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska bartamihii soddomeeyadii qarnigii tagay wax ka qabashada xaaladda horumarin la'aneed ee ka jirtay mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska ee Afrika, masuuliyiinta Ingriiska dhammaan isku dayadaas waxay ku dhamaatay fashil waxay sii ahaadeen mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska guud ahaan qaybta woqooyi ee Soomaaliya gaar ahaan kuwo isku mid ah marka laga hadlayo Siyaasadda Dhaqaalaha Bulshada taasoo noqon kartay mid saamayn jirta ku leh in badan oo caqabado ah taasoo soo if baxday markii la gaaray isku darka dalka oo hal maamul leh.<ref name=ChapinMetz>[http://countrystudies.us/somalia Helen Chapin Metz, ed. Somalia: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1992.]</ref> Waxaas oo dhan iyadoo ay dhaceen, Ingriisku wuxuu ku dhaqaaqay in uu culays ka soo saaro xulufadii kula jirtay dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka<ref name="Federal">Federal Research Division, ''Somalia: A Country Study'', (Kessinger Publishing, LLC: 2004), p.38</ref> in la siiyo meel gaar ah waa mid ka mid ah meelaha daaqsinka leh ee muhimka ah waxayna ahayd maxmiyad ay u saxiixday boqortooyada Ingiriiska lana saxiixatay Abasiiniya intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1884]] iyo [[1886]], ee gobolka [[Soomaali Galbeed]] oo ay degto Soomaalida Waxayna ka mid ahayd heshiisyo kale ay saxiixday Ingiriiska [[1897]] kaasoo dhigaya in lagu wareejiyo [[Itoobiya]] boqorkii Mililiq labaad taasoo oo uga badashay ciidamada Ingiriiska in laga caawiyo soo afjaridda iska caabinta kaga imaanaysa qabiillo Soomaaliyeed<ref name=Laitin1977>Laitin, David D., ''Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience'', (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), p.73</ref> billoowgii [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]]. Iyadoo ay jirtay in Ingiriisku ku daray shuruud ah in qabiilada reer guuraaga ah ee Soomaalida siiso isxukun laakiin Itoobiya isla markiiba waa ay qabsatay meelahaas،<ref name="Zolberg">Zolberg, Aristide R., et al., ''Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World'', (Oxford University Press: 1992), p.106</ref> Ingriiska wuxuu u soo bandhigay Itoobiya sanadii [[1956]] in uu ka iibsado dhulkii dhulkii uu horay ugu wareejiyay<ref name="Zolberg"/> laakiin dhandhiggaas waxaa lagala horyimid diidmo ah in aysan aqbali karin Itoobiya. Habkaas oo kale, Ingiriisku wuxuu ku wareejiyay <ref>Francis Vallat, ''First report on succession of states in respect of treaties: International Law Commission twenty-sixth session 6 May-26 July 1974'', (United Nations: 1974), p.20</ref> NFD {{En|Northern Frontier District}} taasoo ay degaan Soomaalida [[Kiinya]] waxayna dhegaha ka furaysatay aftidii horay looga qaaday gobolkaas taasoo cadaynaysay ku biirista Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya ee cusub.<ref>David D. Laitin, ''Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience'', (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), p.75</ref> Sanadii [[1958]], waxaa la sameeyay [[Jabuuti]] ee dariska ah, taasoo loo yaqiinay magaca ah Dhulka Faransiiska ee Soomaaliya waqtigaas, afti meesha ay aadayaan ah in ay Soomaaliya inteeda kale ku biiraan ama faransiiska uu sii hayo, natiijadiina waxay nqotay in uu faransiiska sii hayo uuna ilaaliyo. waxaana taa ugu wacnaa cafarta oo sidaa doonaysay, taasoo ah dadka ugu badan Jabuuti in ay sii hoos joogaan faransiiska waxaa sidaas oo kale dalbaday carabta iyo kuwii reer yurub ee deganaa dhulkaas ee la yimid isticmaarka. Laakiin inta kale ee asal ahaan soomaalida ah waxay rabeen midnimo soomaaliyeed si loo mideeyo dhulweynaha Soomaaliyeed ee lakala qaybiyay waxaana ugu cadcadaa "Maxamuud Xarbi" Raysulwasaare gudoomiye ku xigeenka golaga xukunka Soomaalida Faransa. waana Soomaali qabiilka Ciisaha, laakiin maxamuud xarbi waa la dilay aftida ka dib laba sano ka dibib burburkii diyaarad. Waxay [[Jabuuti]] ka qaadatay madax banaani [[Faransiiska]] sanadkii [[1977]] [[Xasan Guuleed Abtidoon]], wuxuu ahaa Soomaali ay taageeraysay Faransiiska, Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay ee jabuuti kaasoo xukumayay [[1977]] ilaa [[1991]].<ref name=Barrington2006>Barrington, Lowell, ''After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States'', (University of Michigan Press: 2006), p.115</ref> [[File:Mogadishu.png|thumb|right|195px|]] [[Juun|Juun]] sanadii [[1960]] waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhowaaqay [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] madax banaani ay siisay [[Boqortooyo|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] waxaa iyana shan maalmood ka dib qaatay madax banaanida [[Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya]],<ref>Encyclopaedia Britannica, ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica'', (Encyclopaedia Britannica: 2002), p.835</ref> isla maamintaas waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhowaaqay dhismaha dawlada Soomaaliyeed oo mid ah labada qaybood ee Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska waxaa taa ka horeeyay samaynta xuduudaha taasoo ay sameeyeen Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska. [[Cabdullaahi Ciise]] Maxamuud, Raysulwasaaraha Soomaaliya xilligii Ingiriisku haysatay ee u dhaxaysay [[1956]] iyo ilaa sanadkii [[1960]],<ref name="buluugleey.com">[http://www.buluugleey.com/warkiidanbe/Governance.htm The dawn of the Somali nation-state in 1960, Buluugleey.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htwin/articles/20060809.aspx The making of a Somalia state ;Strategypage.com 2006-08-09]</ref> Xukuumaddii ugu horaysay ee qaran soomaaliyeed (ku meel gaar), [[Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan|Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan (aadan cadde)]] madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay wuxuuna<ref>[http://www.mudulood.com/PageAadan%20Cabdulle%20Cusman.html Aden Abdullah Osman the founding father; Mudulood.com]</ref[http://www.mudulood.com/OpinionPage546.htm The founding father of Somalia Mudulood.com]</ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080223085204/http://www.markacadeey.com/june/aden_cadde_20070609_1.htm A tribute to the Somalia founding father, its president in 1960s; Markacadeey.com]</ref> C/rashiid Cali Sharmarke Raysulwasaare u doortay, kaasoo dib dambe noqday madaxweyne intii u dhaxaysay sanadii [[1967]] ilaa [[1969]]. [[Luuliyo|labaatankii luuliyo]] sanadii [[1961]] waxaa la qoray [[Dastuur]] Soomaaliyeed ee cusub kaasoo uu shacabka u codeeyay wuxuu ahaa nuqulkii ugu horeeyay ee dastuurka mid la qoray sanadii [[1960]].<ref>Greystone Press Staff, ''The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East'', (Greystone Press: 1967), p.338</ref> ===Dawladdii Hantiwaddaaga=== Waxaa sii socday dagaal beeleedyada iyo isfahan darrida u dhaxeyasa jufooyinka Soomaalida biloowgii midowga taasoo ka dhalatay raadidkii isticmaarka arrintaas oo jirtay xitaa intii uu jiray isticmaarka.<ref name="buluugleey.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=The making of Somalia, Somaliland, Somalilandtimes.net |url=http://www.somalilandtimes.net/2003/139/13904.shtml |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2019-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220232426/http://www.somalilandtimes.net/2003/139/13904.shtml |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928161509/http://www.radiobuuhoodle.com/goodgovernance.htm The beginning of the Somalia state Radiobuuhoodle.com 2009-02-25]</ref><ref>[http://media.maps.com/magellan/Images/SOMCLA-W2.gif Historical self-governing clan factors in present day Somalia]</ref> sandii [[1967]] wuxuu noqday Maxamed Xaaji IBraahin "Cigaal" Raysulwasaare waana xil uu u doortay C/rashiid Cali Sharmarke kaasoo Xilikas ahaa madaxweynaha dalka. Cigaal wuxuu dib ka noqday madaxweynaha [[Somaliland]] ee dhacda woqooyi galbeed Soomaaliya taasoo isku magacaawday dawlad madaxbanaan mana helin wax aqoonsi ah. Kadib dilkii Madaxweyne Cabdirashiid [[1969]] waxaa xukunka dalka la wareegay talis ciidan awoodii kula wareegay [[Inqilaab Ciidan]] saraakiisha kala ah [[Janaraal]] [[Salaad Gabayre Kadiye]] iyo [[Sarreeye Guuto]] [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre]] iyo taliyaha ciidanka booliska Jaamac Qoorsheel waxaa xukunka la wareegay Siyaad Barre halka uu noqday Qoorsheel raysulwasaare. Wuxuu sameeyay ciidanka Hantiwadaag barnaamijyo baahsan ee la howlgaliyay kooxo kuwaasoo u dhaqaaqay la dagaalanka wax qoris la'anta dalka waxaana si muuqada u kordhay wax qorista iyo aqrinta laba bilaabo 5% ilaa 55% bilowgii sideetameeyadii qarnigii tagay. Isqabqabsi dabadii waxaa la toogtay Gabayre. [[File:2016_04_Eid_Preparions-11_(27469932863).jpg|thumb|right|196px|]] [[Kalitalis]] Dawladdii Malatariga Soomaaliya luuliyo sanadii [[1976]] dhistay [[XHKS|Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed]] {{en|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}} kaasoo xukunka haystay laga soo bilaabo markii la sameeyay ilaa uu dhaco taliskii malatariga diseembar sanadii [[1990]] Jannaayo [[1991]], kaasoo ay awood u sheegteen ''Jabhadda Dimoqraadiga Badbaadinta Soomaaliyeed'' {{en|SSDF}} iyo ''Golaha Midnimada Soomaaliyeed'' {{en|United Somali Congress}} iyo ''Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaliyeed'' {{en|SNM}} Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaliyeed {{en|Somali Patriotic Movement}} marka lagu daro jabahadaha mucaaradka ah ''Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Dimoqraadiga Soomaliyeed'' {{en|Somali Democratic Movement}} iyo Isbahaysiga Dimoqraadiga Soomaaliyeed {{en|Somali Democratic Alliance}} ugu dambayn ''Kooxda Maanifesto'' {{en|Somali Manifesto Group}}. Sanadihii [[1977]] iyo [[1978]] Soomaaliya waxay duulaan ku qaaday [[Itoobiya]] iyadoo ku duulaysa magaca [[Dagaalkii xoraynta ogaden|Xoraynta Soomaaligalbeed]] taasoo ciidamada Soomaaliya ku dadaalayeen in ay dib u mideeyaan dhulalkii Soomaalida oo ay u arkaysay in isticmaarku qaybiyay siiyayana qaybo ka mid ah dalal kale si aan qax ahayn. Biloowgii hore, Soomaaliya waxay qaadatay dhabaha nabadda ah ee [[Diblumaasiyad]] dhamaan [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kiinya]] si loo helo xal nabad ah arrimaha la xiriira labada dhinac laakiin dadaalkii diblomaasiyadeed wuxuu ku dhamaaday fashil. Soomaaliya waxay samaysay islamarkaana u diyaar garoobaysa dagaal dhab ah iyadoo tijaabisay xal diblomaasiyadeed, dhisidda Jabhadda Xoraynta Soomaali Galbeed {{en|WSLF}} ama Western Somali Liberation Front, waxay ku dadaashay in ay u dhaqaaqdo soo celinta gobolka Soomaali galbeed si awood ah. Soomaaliya waxay u dhaqantay si gooni ah iyadoo aan ula laaban mujtamaca dunida ee aan ogolayn dib u xadaynta xuduudaha taasuu ka tagay isticmaarka, halka uu diiday [[Midowga Sofiyet]] iyo Isbahaysiga Waarso in ay Soomaaliya caawiyaan, iskaba daa in ay caawiyaane waxay ku dhaqaaqeen arrin lid ku ah taasoo ah in ay taageereen [[Itoobiya]]. Isla goortaas wuxuu isku dayay Midowgii Sofiyetiga kaasoo ah midka siiya labada dhinac hubka in uu dhexdhexaadiyo si loo helo xabad joojin u dhaxeysa labada dawladood. Ciidanka Soomaaliya waxaa u suurta gashay usbuucii ugu horeeyay ee dagaalka in ay isku fidiyaan bartamaha iyo koofurta gobolka, dagaalka intii uu socday ciidamada Soomaaliya waxay gaareen guulo waaweyn kana adkaadeen ciidmada Itoobiya wixii ciidamada Itoobiya ka haray waxay isku uruursadeed deegaanka Sidaamo. Sibteembar sanadii [[1977]] Soomaaliya waxaa u suuragashay qabsashada 90% ee gobolka waxaa kaloo u suurtoowday qabsashada magaalooyin istiraatiiji muhiim ah, sida magaalada Jigjiga sidoo kale wuxuu go'doomiyay magaalada Diridhabe Kaasoo hakiyay isu socodkii tariinada ka imaanayay [[Jabuuti]]. Kadib go'doomintii magaalada Harar wuxuu [[Midowga Sofiyet]] usoo jeestay taageero malatari taasoo la xiriirrta arrinta ka soo cusboonaatay geeska afrika, waxaa la diyaariyay 18,000 ciidamo ka imaanaya [[Kuuba|Kuubaan]] 2,000 iyo Yementa Koofureed iyadoo lagu daray 1,500 khubaro ka imanaysa Midowga Sofiyet haystana diyaarado iyo taangiyo Sofiyet ah. Hor istaagaas awoodaas ballaaran ciidanka Soomaaliya waxaa lagu qasbay dib u gurasho iyo in uu codsi u dirsado [[Maraykanka]]. Iyadoo uu nidaamkii [[Jimmy Carter]] isu diyaariyay garab siinta Soomaaliya dagaalka intii uu socday Sofiyetku si degdeg ah bay u caawiyeen Itoobiya waxaana laga baqay in uu sii xumaado xiriirka. sidaa daraadeed Maraykanka faraha ayuu ka qaaday in uu Soomaaliya caawiyo waxaa dibudhac ku yimid isbahaysigii uu ku lahaa maraykanku [[Bariga Dhexe]] iyo [[Asia]]. Biloowgii [[1978]], waxaa ku biloowday xukuumaddii Soomaaliya saamaynta luminta hanasho dhab ah arrimaha gobolka. Waxay sidoo kale muujiyeen inta badan shacabka Soomaaliyeed mid galay xaalad quus sababo la xiriira hoos imaanshaha ciidankii kali taliska waqti dheer iyadoo aan la gaaraynin wax horumar ah la taaban karo, waxaana arrinkaas xoojiyay dhamaadkii dagaalkii qaboobaa, waxay sidoo kale Itoobiya taageero siisay Jabhadihii ku kacsanaa Soomaaliya. [[File:Abdisalamomer1.png|thumb|right|195px|Abdi-Salam]] Sanadii [[1990]] waxaa la soo saaray sharci ka mamnuucaya gaar ahaan dadka degan [[Muqdisho]] in ay kulmaan saddex ama afar in kabadan. Waxaa dhammaan hareeyay hay'adaha dawladda shidaal yari sababtay joogsiga gaadiidka dadweynaha taasoo saamayn ku yeelatay danaha xukuumadda iyo qaybaha guud iyo kan gaarka ah. Waxaa ssidoo kale dhacday dhibaato la xiriirta [[Sicir Barar]] taasoo ay dhib ku qabeen gobolada kororka sicir bararka muuqda iyadoo ay shacabku awoodi waayeen helitaanka quutul daruuriga heer ay gaartay Baastadii talyaaniga ee caadiga ahayd xilligaas ilaa iyo Shan [[Dollar|Doollar]] kiiladii. halka uu gaaray qaadka [[Qaad|Jaadka]] kaasoo laga keeno [[Kiinya]] shan doollar Majintii. Waxaa qiime jab ku yimid shilinka Soomaaliga ilaa la gaaro heer shilimaadkii lagu daadiyo wadooyinka si ay kuwa haysta iskaga tuuraan halkii ay haysan lahaayeen taasoo u muuqatay in uusan lahayn wax faaiida ah ee la xusi karo. Waxaa sidoo kale soo if baxay [[Suuqa Madoow]] ee sarifka lacagaha qalaad taasoo ka dhalatay in aysan jirin socodsiinta lacagaha ee ku filan sarifka lacagaha qalaad taasoo ay bebersoto [[Shilin Soomaali|Shilinka Soomaaliga]]. Mugdigana wuxuu noqday mid ku baahay magaalada oo dhan marka la gaaro habeenkii taasina waxay ka timid dawladda oo iibisay dab dhaliyeyaashii korontada. Waxaa ajaanibta la dul dhigay waardiye adadag ilaa maa xilligii ay joogeen. Sidoo kale dawladda waxay soo saartay go'aano lagu hagaajinayo joojinta dal ka saarista, ama tahriibinta lacagaha ajnabiga ah. lama ogolayn adeegsiga lacagaha qalaad hab ka baxsan sharciga sida uu qabo marka laga reebo saddex hoteel oo ay maamusho dawladda. Waxaa sidoo kale mamnuuc aha sawir qaadis meelo badan iyadoo aysan muuqan wax cadayn kara in aan sawiro la qaadi karin ee ku saabsan safar iyo joogitaanka. Wixii ka dhacay Soomaaliya [[1988]] malaha waa ka sii foolxun. Markii Hargeysa la duqeeyay ayaa dadkii deganaa lagu khasbay inay qaxaan. Askarta ayaa markaas miinooyin ku aasay guryihii laga tagay. Markii uu dagaalku dhammaaday ayay qaxootigii dib u laabteen, balse waxaa lagu naafeeyay ama lagu dilay qaraxyo qarsoon.<ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20000508/Land-Mines-Weighing-the-Cost/ Land Mines—Weighing the Cost]</ref> ===Xasuuqii Isaaq ama Xasuuqii Somaliland=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Xasuuqi Isaaq|XasuuqiI Isaaq]]'' Awooddii akhlaaqeed ee dowladdii Maxamad Siyaad (jaale siyaad) si tartiib tartiib ah ayay u lumisay, iyadoo Soomaali badan ay ku hungoobeen nolosha xukunka militariga. Bartamihii 1980-meeyadii, dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo uu taageerayay maamulkii shuuciga ahaa ee Derg ee Itoobiya ayaa ka billowday waddanka oo dhan.jaale siyaad wuxuu kujawaabey isagoo amrey in talaabooyin ciqaab ah laga qaado kuwa uu u arko inay gudaha ka taageerayaan jabhadaha, gaar ahaan gobolada waqooyi. Qabqabashada waxaa ka mid ahaa in la duqeeyo magaalooyin, xarunta maamulka waqooyi-galbeed ee Hargeysa, oo ahayd xaruntii Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM), oo ka mid ahayd aagagga la bartilmaameedsaday 1988. Duqeyntan waxaa hoggaaminayey Jeneraal Maxamed Saciid Xersi Morgan, wiilka uu sodogga u yahay Barre. Sida laga soo xigtay Abou Jeng iyo aqoonyahanno kale, xukunkii taliskii jaale siyaad waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay cadaadis arxan darro ah oo lala beegsaday qabiilka Isaaq. Max’ed Xaaji Ingiriis iyo Chris Mullin waxay caddeeyeen in qabqabashadii maamulkii Maxamad siyaad ee ka dhanka ahaa Dhaqdhaqaaqii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee fadhigiisu ahaa Hargeysa lala beegsaday beelweynta Isaaq oo ay ka tirsan yihiin inta badan xubnihii SNM. Waxay ku tilmaamayaan isku haynta inay tahay xasuuqii Isaaq ama xasuuqii Hargeysa. Baaritaan ay sameysay Qaramada Midoobay ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay in dambiga xasuuqa uu ahaa "mid ay maleegtay, qorsheysay oo ay ka fulisay Dowlada Soomaaliya dadka Isaaqa". Tirada dadka rayidka ah ee ku waxyeeloobay waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inta udhaxeysa 50,000–100,000 sida laga soo xigtay ilo wareedyo kala duwan, halka wararka qaarna ay ku qiyaasayaan wadarta dhimashada dadka rayidka ah inay kor u dhaafeyso 200,000 oo rayid Isaaq ah. Dhimashooyinkaas, taliskii Barre wuxuu duqeeyey oo burburiyey magaalooyinka labaad iyo saddexaad ee ugu weyn Soomaaliya, Hargeysa iyo Burco siday u kala horreeyaan. Tani waxay u barakicisay dad lagu qiyaasey 400,000 oo dadka deegaanka ah oo u qaxay Hartasheikh ee dalka Itoobiya; shaqsiyaad kale oo gaaraya 400,000 ayaa iyaguna gudaha ku barakacay. Dagaalkii ka soo horjeedka ee taliskii Barre ee ka dhanka ahaa SNM wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday saldhigii rayidka ee kooxda mucaaradka, isaga oo isu beddelay xasuuq xasuuq ka dhan ah beesha Isaaq. Tani waxay horseeday fowdo iyo ololeyaal dagaal oo ay gaystaan ​​maleeshiyooyin kala jabay, ka dibna awooddii heer degmo la wareeray. Cadaadiskii maamulkii Barre kuma koobnayn Isaaqa oo keliya, maxaa yeelay wuxuu bartilmaameedsanayay qabaa’illada kale sida Hawiye. Taliskii Barre wuxuu burburay Janaayo 1991. Intaa kadib, markii xaalada siyaasadeed ee Somaliland xasiloonayd, dadkii barakacay waxay ku noqdeen guryahoodii, maleeshiyooyinkii waa laga daad gureeyay ama waxaa lagu daray ciidanka, tobanaan kun oo guri iyo meherado ahna dib ayaa looga soo dhisay burburka. ==Ismaaciil Mire== Ismaaciil Mire, oo abaanduulkii guud ka ahaa dawladda boqortooyada [[Diiriye Guure]], wuxuu ka qaybgalay dagaalaha oo dhan ee Daraawiishta ka qayb galay. Wuxuu u talin jirey colkii [[Shiikhyaale]]. Goobaha uu ka qayb galay waxaa ka mid ah, cagaarweyne, iyo dagaalkii Jigjiga, iyo dagaalki Beledweyne, iyo dagaalkii Berbera, iyo dagaalkii Dul Madobe, iyo dagaalkii Jidbaale, iyo dagaalkii Afbakayle iyo meelo kale. Wuxuu kale ka horjeestay dagaalaha ee shirqool ka jiri jirey, oo ka mid ah Canjeel, Gurdumi iyo qaar kale. 1920kii, Ismaaciil Mire waxaa lagu xidhay xabsi. ===Darwiishia iyo Qusuusi=== Qarnigii 19ka ilaa tobanaadka 1920gii, Dalka Soomaalka waxaa hoogaaminjirey dawladda Daraawiishta, oo si kale loo yaqaano Darwiishia. Darwiishia dawladeeda waxaa loo yaqaan jirey qusuusi ama khusuusi, ee waxaa ka mid ahaa shakhsiyaddan: {{columns-list|colwidth=35em| * [[Ismail Mire]] * [[Macalin Cagadhiig]] *[[Shire Canbool]], oo Dhulbahante ahaa *[[Cartan Boos]] oo Jamac Siyad ahaa *[[Afqarshe]], oo Adan-Naleeye ahaa *[[Dhowre]], oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Obsiiye Magan]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Aw Jaamac Seed Magan]] oo Cali-Geri aaha * [[Oogle Magan]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Muse Waranle]] oo Reer-Hagar ahaa *[[Haji Firhad]], fiqishini HabarGidir *[[Haji Sudi]], Isaaq Aadan Madoobe * [[Seeraar Shawe]] oo Jamac Siyaad ahaa * [[Nur Xiddig]] oo Wacays Adan ahaa * [[Xirsi Jeedlade]] oo Qayaad ahaa * [[Haji Mursal Aw Saacid]] oo Dhulbahante ahaa * [[Duale Ileeye]] oo Jamac Siyaad ahaa * [[Cismaan Boos]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Jama Lugay]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Aw Cabbas]] oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Abbas Aw Muse]], oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Hussein Ajuuraan]], oo Dhulbahante ahaa (oo loo naanaystay Agararan)<ref>http://www.kaiserscross.com/188001/536101.html</ref> * [[Ahmed Tage]], oo baharsame ahaa * [[Abshir Dhoore]], majeerteen ahaa * [[Nur Hashi]] warsangeli ahaa *[[Ismail Khaire]], warsangeli ahaa *[[Xooshdheere]], ali geri ahaa *[[Farah Dacay]], baharsame ahaa * [[Hirsi Akaal]], marehan ahaa }} [[File:Somlangbooks.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Bugaag Somali Lugad]] ===Burburka Dawladdii Hantiwaddaaga=== Waxaa dhacay sanadkii [[1991]] isbedel xididaystay nolosha siyaasadeed ee Soomaaliya. taasoo u suurta gashay ciidamo ka kooban beelaha dega waqooyiga iyo koofurta hubaysan oo taageera ka helaya [[Itoobiya]] in ay ridaan dawladdii Siad Barre Max'ed Siyaad Barre. Kulanno farabadan ee dhexmaray Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed [[SNM]] iyo odayaasha beelaha ree woqooyiga, waxa ku dhawaaqeen qaybta woqooyi ee Soomaaliya ([[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] horay loo oranjiray) in ay goosteen goosasho hal dhinac ah Soomaaliya inteeda kale iskuna magacaabay [[Somaliland|Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland]] ([[Ingiriis]]: ''Republic of Somaliland'') May 1991. Ka sokoow go'itaanka ay Somaliland goosatay iyo deganaashaha ay haysato markii loo eego koofurta way waysay aqoonsi heer caalami ah xitaa haba ahaatee Itoobiya.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1367554.stm Somaliland citizens ask to be recognised as a state, BBC News]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1361394.stm Somaliland votes for independence, BBC News]</ref> [[File:2012_01_12_MGD_Stadiums_a_(8394617014).jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Jannaayo sanadkii [[1991]] Waxaa doortay "Cali Mahdi Max'ed" koox soomaali ah una doorteen in uu noqdo madaxweyne ku meel gaar ah ee dalka ilaa laga gaaro shir qarameed kulmiyay dhammaan qaybaha ku lugta leh ee bishii xigtay Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti si dalka madaxweyne loo doorto. Laakiin doorashadii "Cali Mahdi Maxamed" waxaa si weyn uga horyimid biloowgii hore dhamaan Jen [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] gudoomiyihii ururka USC iyo C/raxman Tuur hogaamiyihii SNM. مtaasoo dhalisay kala qaybsanaan xagga siyaasadda ah ee u dhaxaysay USC iyo SNM, isku dhacyadii u dhexeeyay USC waxay burbur xoogleh gaarsiisay magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo meelaha ku dhow dhow. [[File:Elecmalpun.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Dagaalkii sokeeye wuxuu sabay, kaasoo wali raadkiisu muuqdo, burbur ku yimaada wax soosaarka beeraha iyo gaarsiinta cuno koofurta Soomaaliya waana sabata ugu weyn ee ka dhalisaya dagaalka dalka taasoo meelaha xasaasiga ay tartan ugu jiraan beelaha waxaa kaloo dheeraad ah qabsashada iyo meelaha leh ilaha dhaqaale iyo daaqa. Jemes Bayshb oo ahaa safiirkii ugu dambeeyay ee Soomaaliya wuxuu ku tilmaamay xaaladdii ka taagnayd iyo dagaaladii sokeeye halkaas mid ah "biyo ku dagaalan iyo meelaha daaqsinka sidoo kale xoolaha waxaa horay la isu adeegsan jiran [[Falaar|falaaro]] iyo [[Sayf|Sayfaf]] hadda waxaa la isu adeegsadaa [[Qoro|Boobe]]."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090309030719/http://hprsite.squarespace.com/remember-somalia-112007 |It is a competition that used to be fought out with arrows and sabers. Now it is fought out with AK-47s Hprsite.squarespace.com 2007-11-16]</ref> Wuxuu sababay dagaalkii sokeeye in ay dhacdo [[Gaajo]] taasoo salfatay ku dhowaad 300,000 Soomaali taasoo ku qasabtay [[Golaha Amniga Qaramada Midoobay]] in uu soo saaro qaraar kaasoo tilmaamaya xabad joojin sanadkii [[1992]] iyo dirista ciidamo ammaanka ilaaliya ee heer caalami ah waxaa soomaaliya ku soo hormaray (UNOSOM I) badbaadinta xaaladda biniaadamnimo ee dalka.<ref>[http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_20244.asp United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) 1992]. Australian War Memorial.</ref> Waxay ahayd adeegsiga awood ciidan marka loo eego ciidmada ammaanka mid ku kooban isdifaacid naftooda ah taasoo fursad siisay beelaha dirirsanaa in ay sika sii wataan dagaaladoodii hubaysnaa. Ka jawaabidda colaada sii baahaysa iyo burburka xaaladda Biniadamnimo ee ka jirtay Soomaaliya [[Maraykanka]] wuxuu diyaariyay xulufo ciidan ah oo heer caalami ah taasoo ahayd ujeedadeeda nabad ku soo dabaalidda kooforta Soomaaliya iyo xal u helidda xaaladda bini'adamnimo ee halkaas iyo fududaynta gaarista gargaarka biniadamnimo ee qaramada midoobay iyo dalalka deeqda bixiya. Waxay galeen xoogagga xulufada taasoo loo yaqiinay magaca {{En|Unified Task Force ama UNITAF}} diseembar dhexdeedii sanadii [[1992]] ee howlgalkii "Rajo soo celinta" sida uu qabay qaraarkii qaramada midoobay ee tirsigiisu ahaa 794. Waxaa u suurta galay ciidmadii caalamka ka yimid in ay dib u soo celiyaan nidaamkii iyo yaraynya baahidii taasoo dhib u keentay dalka ilaa ay ka baxaan ciidmada maraykanka maajo sanadkii [[1993]] waxaa lagu bedelay (UNOSOM II) ee [[Maajo|Afartii Maajo]] sida uu qabay qaraarkii ka soo baxay qaramada midoobay ee tirsigiisu ahaa 837 ee soo baxay [[Maarso|26 Marso]] isla sanadkaas. Dhanka kale wuxuu u arkay [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] ciidanka nabad ilaalinda ee caalamka in uu qatar ku yahay asiga iyo ciidankiisa wuxuuna siiyay amar maleeshiyo hubaysan in la weeraro saldhigyada ciidamada Pakistan ee ka howlgala Muqdisho taasoo ay ka dhalatay dhimashada 80 qof jinsiyada kala duwan ah ee ka tirsan ciidamada nabad ilaalinta, wuuna socday dagaalka ay ka dhintaan 19 ciidan maraykan ah iyo laba kale oo Pakistan ah iyo mid kale ee Maaliisiya u dhashay oo dhammaantood ah ciidamada nabad ilaalinta sidoo kale waxaa jirtay 1,000 qof ee ka mid ah maleeshiyada Soomaalida hubaysnaa intii u dhaxaysay saddexdii iyo afratii ee bishoo Oktoobar [[1993]] kaasoo taariikhdu ugu magac dartay dagaalkii "Dagaalkii Muqdisho" taasoo ku qasabtay qaramada midoobay howlgal "Gaashaan mida" ciidan ka kooban Maraykanka Masar Pakistan [[Maarso|saddexdii maarso]] sanadkii [[1995]], dabadeed Robert ogle ayaa ku dhawaaqay in aan dagaal toos ah lala gali doonin [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] laakiin la baal siibi doono taasoo macnaheedu ahaa in laga horkeeno saaxiibadii ilaaa uu markii dambe lagu dilay dagaal ay iskaga horyimideen qaar ay xulufo ahaayeen [[1996]] Waxay diiradda saareen [[Burcad Badeed|burcad badeeda soomaalida]] xeebaha Soomaaliya taasoo ka dhalatay burburka iyo maqnaashaha dawlad dhexe Kadib dagaalkii sokeeye,<ref>Biegon, Rubrick. Somali Piracy and the International Response 2009-01-29 Foreign Policy in Focus [http://www.fpif.org/articles/somali_piracy_and_the_international_response] retrieved 2010-02-08</ref> Dhibaatadaan waxay ka soo if baxday dekadaha ku yaal xeebaha Soomaaliya.<ref>Piracy Off Coast Not Only Criminal, But Very Successful, Security Council Hears, AllAfrica.com, retrieved February 8, 2010 [http://allafrica.com/stories/200911191008.html]</ref> Waxayna ka dhalatay ka dhiidhin ay ka dhiidhiyeen kalluumaysatada soomaaliyeed ee ka kalluumaysta xeebaha sida: Ayl, [[Kismaayo]], Xarardheere, Mareeg iyagoo weerar ku qaaday maraakiibta ajnabiga ah ee ka kalluumaysata badda soomaaliya khayraadka kalluunka ee biyo goboleedka markii uu burburay taliskii dhexe ee Soomaaliya,<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Tharoor, Ishaan. How Somalia’s fishermen became pirates. 2009-04-18 |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1892376,00.html |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2013-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826205905/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1892376,00.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/3061246/part_2/what-i-learned-from-the-somali-pirates.thtml Hartley, Aiden. What I learned from Somali pirates 2008]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Taasoo ay waayeen kalluumaysato badan waxa ay heli jireen. Sidoo kale, waxay tilmaameen qayb ka mid ah masuuliyiinta soomaalida howlaha burcad badeedka waxaa sii kiciyay [[Dhulgariir|Dhul Gariirkii Badweynata Hindiya]] taariikhdu marka ay ahayd 26 [[Diseembar]] ee sanadkii [[2004]], kaasoo sababay mowjadi [[Tsunami]] weyn burburisay in badan oo tuulooyinka ku yaal xeebaha iyo doomankoodii.<ref>Lehr, Peter and Lehmann, Henrick, Violence at Sea: Piracy in the Age of Global Terrorism, p. 3</ref> Qaar ka mid ah waxay leeyihiin howlaha burcad badeednimada Soomaaliya waa "howlo dhaqaale ee la maalgashado" ee dalka, waana "mid kaabta" dhaqaalaha [[Puntland]].<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/apr/10/piracy-somalia Lehr, Peter. Warships won't stop pirates. The Guardian 2009-04-10]</ref><ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2009/06/2009614125245860630.html Adow, Mohammed. The pirate kings of Puntland. Aljazeera. 2009-06-17, retrieved 2010-02-08]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7623329.stm Harper, Mary. Life in Somalia's pirate town BBC News 2008-09-18]</ref> Waxaa la rumaysanyahay in la soo iibsaday qiyaastii 25,000 50,000, [[Adoon]] ee Baantuu ah, [[Musanbiig]] iyo [[Tansaaniya]], intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1800]] ilaa [[1890]], dad soomaali ah suuqii [[Sansibaar]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111016024128/http://www.cal.org/co/bantu/somali_bantu.pdf The Somali Bantu: Their History and Culture 2018-12-05]</ref> Bantuuga soomalida waa ka duwantahay, jir ahaan, dhaqan ahaan, way iska joogeen iyakoo kala daadsan dalka ilaa la soo gaaro qarnigii sagaal iyo tobanaad ilaa iyo hadda.<ref>L. Randol Barker et al., ''Principles of Ambulatory Medicine'', 7 edition, (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 2006), p.633</ref> waxaa la rumaysanyahay in tirada Baantuuga Soomaaliya uu gaarayso 900,000 qof ka hor dagaalkii sokeeye,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3020110.stm Tanzania accepts Somali Bantus]". BBC News. June 25, 2004.</ref> waxaa laga yaabaa in ay isdhimeen, gaar ahaan maxaa yeelay 12,000 qaxooti ee ku sugan [[Maraykanka]] laga soo bilaabo [[2003]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090519140201/http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2003/February/20030205164125sellis@pd.state.gov0.5013697.html Somali-Bantu Refugees to Find New Lives in United States] America.gov. 02/05/2003.</ref> sidoo kale tanzaaniya oo siisay dhalasho qaar ka mid ah waxay ku laabteen dhulkii awoowe yaashood.<ref>[http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/UNHCR/8ad8ca67e1bba9703647c92f12b7db6d.htm Somali Bantus gain Tanzanian citizenship in their ancestral land]</ref> [[File:Mogadishu_city_centre_-_1960s.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Moqadishu 1960s]] Bartamihii sanadkii [[2011]] waxaa la waayay laba xilli raabaad ee isku xigay taasoo sababtay in ay dhacdo [[Abaar]] muddo 60 sano laga joogo. Waxaa isi soo tartay abaarta waxana ka dhashay in la waayo wax dalag ah xoolihii oo le'day sicir barar ku yimid biyaha shidaalka iyo cunada, waxay sabatay barakac wadareed ee koofur Soomaaliya taasoo keentay iska hor imaadyada hubaysan, xarumaha quudinta ee dawladaha dariska. bishii Juun ee snadkii 2011, Waxay ku dhawaaqday [[Qaramada Midoobay]] si rasmi ah in ay gaajo daran ka jirto koofurta Soomaaliya, wayna sii korortay ka dib markii ay hayireen kooxaha dagaalka waday si loo gaarsiiyo gargaar dadka halkaa ku tabaalaysan.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111102172007/http://www.africa-eu-partnership.org/node/2158 The worst drought in 60 years in Horn Africa, Africa and Europe in Partnership]</ref> dhanka kale, dawladda soomaaliya waxay dhistay hay'ad qaran ee gargaar, taasoo ka kooban wasiiro badan ku howlan fududayn saamaynta abaarta ay ku reebtay dadk,<ref>[http://www.raxanreeb.com/?p=102255 SOMALIA: Government names national drought committee] {{Wayback|url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/?p=102255 |date=20111109180731 }}. Raxanreeb.com (2011-07-04). Retrieved on 2011-12-15.</ref> == '''Un Tiroka''' - 706 == ==Boqolkiiba IMF== *'''0.04%''' ==Xubin== * [[IMF]] * [[IGAD]] * [[IORA]] * [[ICSID]] * [[Comesa]] * [[CEN-SAD]] * [[Midowga Afrika]] * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * *` * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * *` * [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] * *` ==Waadanmaha degaan Somalia== * {{Flag|Sudan}} 6,000+ * {{Flag|Syria}} 6,500+ * {{Flag|Yemen}} 14,000+ * {{Flag|Norway}} 200+ * {{Flag|Finland}} 200+ * {{Flag|United Kingdom}} 250+ == Siyaasadda == {{Dheeraad|Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} [[File:Prime minister mahdi gulaidh khadar.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Mahdi Gulaid]] Siyaasadda soomaaliya waxay soo martay isbedbedel badan. Intii uu socday [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|Dagaalkii sokeeye]] kaaso dhaliyay burbur farabadan dawladdii Hantiwadaag kadib 1990, [[Soomaalida]] waxaa loo sameeyay [[Dastuur]], [[Federaaliisim|Federaal]] ah iyo Maamul Goboleed kuwaas oo ku yimid qaabab kala duwan, waxaa samaysamay [[Somaliland]] taasoo sheegatay in ay tahay [[Dowlad madax banaan|dawlad madax banaan]] kana go'day Soomaaliya inteeda kale, shacabka Soomaaliyeed raalli kama noqon goosashada Gobolada [[Woqooyi]] ee Soomaaliya 1991. Waxaa sidoo kala samaysmay [[Puntland]] 1998 taasoo ay sameysteen beelaha dega Bari, Bugaal iyo woqooyiga Mudug, waxaa sidoo kale la sameeyay [[Galmudug]] 2010. Horraantii 2000 waxaa la soo dhisay dawlad ku meel gaar ah waxaana madaxweyne ka noqday. Dott [[Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xassan]] (TNG) waxaa ku xigtay dawladii Federaalka ku meelgaarka ahayd ee loo yaqiin (TFG) [[2004]] waxaana madaxweyne ka noqday [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]] taasoo dalka galisay burbur horle waxayna soo galisay dalka ciidamada [[Itoobiya]], [[Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga]] ayaa gobollada koonfurta iyo bartamaha Soomaaliya isku fidiyay taasoo ka caraysiisay [[Itoobiya]] una aragtay fusad ay kula dagaalami karto ficilada ay sameeyeen. Markii meesha laga saaray Maxaakiimta ayaa waxaa soo baxay kooxo la magacbaxay Muqaawamo kana aas aasamay magaalada [[Muqdisho]] intii ay socotay muqaawamada waxaa barbar socday wadahadal UN-ka loo maray kaasoo uu garwadeen ka ahaa Axmed Walad Cabadlla keentayna in laga saaro Itoobiya dalka Soomaaliya bartamihii sanadkii [[2009]]. Waxaa maxaakiimta ka farcamay kooxda [[Al-Shabaab]] taasoo dalka dhibaatadii ka jirtay sii murjisay, taasoo dagaal la gashay dawlad lagu soo dhisay dalka [[Jabuuti]] Madaxweyne ka ahaa [[Sheekh Shariif Axmed]] 2010-2011 dagaal ba'an ku dhexmaray magaalada muqdisho iyo nawaaxigeeda, Madaxweyne Shariif xoogaa rajo ah ayay soo celisay Dawladdiisii loogu magacdaray Midnimo Qaran dawladdaas oo muqdisho ka fogaysay qatartii Al-shabaab iyadoo gacan ka helaysa [[Amisom|AMISOM]] wuxuu diyaariyay doorasho aad loogu riyaaqay,<ref>[http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2013/01/16/260703.html الرئيس الصومالي السابق: من كرسي الرئاسة إلى الدراسة Al-arabiya, 16 Jan 2013]</ref> kaasoo xilka si nabad ah ugu wareejiyay madaxweyne [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]. Waxaana taa xigay dawladdii uu madaxweynaha ka ahaa [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] taasoo ku guulaysatay isu soo dhoweyn Soomaalida dhexdeeda ah iyo dastuurka oo loo hogaansamo. ==Qaanuunka== Soomaaliya waxaa ka jira saddex nidaam qaanuun oo kala gadisan, waa: Qaanuunka madaniga, [[Shareecada Islaamka]] iyo xoogaa qawaaniin ah oo ay leeyihiin beelaha waana dhaqan soo jireen ah waxaana loo yaqaan Xeer. ===Qaanuunka madaniga=== Iyadoo uu ku dhacay burbur balaaran kaasoo hareeyay nidaamka cadaaladda Soomaaliya ka dib burburkii dawladdii Hantiwadaag laakiin waxaa la isku dayay dib u habaynta iyo dhisidda nidaamka garsoorka Soomaaliya iyo howlgalintiisa dhanka maamul goboleedyada Soomaaliya sida [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Puntland]] kuwaas oo leh xukun hoosaad, laakiin dawladda dhexe waxay diyaarisay bu'da nidaamka garsoorka cusub. Iyadoo ay jirto kala duwanaasho siyaasadeed dhamaan meelahaas hadana waxay ku midaysanyihiin dhamaantood hal qaanuun kaasoo ah mid soo jiray ilaa iyo dawladdii Hantiwadaag isagoo qiraya:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120118151830/http://www.hdcentre.org/files/Somalia%20report.pdf Stateless Justice in Somalia, Dr Andre Le Sage, Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue]</ref> * Jirtaanka dastuur dabooli kara xukuno ku salaysan [[Shareecada Islaamka]] ama fiqiga iyo waxii ay culumada muslimiidta isku waafaqeen sidaa daraadeed xukunada ku salaysan diinta laguma dhaqmo marka laga reebo arrimaha madaniga sida Guurk,a Furriinka, Dhaxalka iyo arrimaha madaniga ah ee kale. * Dhowrista xuquuqul insaanka iyo dhammaan qaanuunada la xiriira. Sidoo kale dastuurka wuxuu damaanad qaadayaa madax bannaanida garsoorka waxaana ka masuul ah Guddiga Adeegga Garsoorka. * Dhismaha adeeg Garsoor oo ka kooban saddex qaybood waana: Maxkamadda Sare, Maxkamadda Racfaanka, iyo Maxkamadaha Gobolada. * In ay shaqeeyaan qawaaniintii la sameeyay ka hor Hantiwadaaga 1969. *qaanuunka madaniga ah wa mid soo jireen aha oo mudo dheer soo socday oo ilaa imka jira dhamaan dadka somlaiyeedna ayku dhaqmaan *somaalia waa waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa libaax waayay garab oo waraabayaal badani haleen *waxaa somalia ay iska difaaci kartaa cadawgeega marka ay usoo Hantiwadaag dad wax bartay oo aqoon sare leh oo laga ilaaliyo ubaxa soo kacaaya qabyaalada ===Shareecada=== [[File:Sa white sesame seeds.jpg|thumb|right|193px|Beeraha Somalia]] [[Shareecada Islaamka]] waxay ka gashay kaalin lama huraan ah nolosha mujtamaca Soomaaliyeed, waxayba ahayd shareecada tiirka aasaaska ah ee laga tusaale qaato qawaaniinta marka la qorayo dastuur ee ka mid ah dastuurodii hore kuwaas oo la sameeyay intii ay jirtay nolosha ku salaysan siyaasadda,<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic, Article 8, p.6 |url=http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2010-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215171406/http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> sidaa daraadeed howl kasta waxay ku salaysnayd shareecada gaar ahaan howlaha madaniga ah sida guurka, furriinka, dhaxalka iyo waxyaabaha la xiriira qoyska; laakiin arrimahaas waxbaa iska bedelay dagaalkii sokeeye dabadii iyadoo ay soo baxeen maxkamado shareecada islaamka taasoo ku faaftay magaalooyin farabadan iyo deegaano ka mid ah Soomaaliya. Waxay noqotay kaalinta maxaakimta islaamiga taasoo aan horay looga baran: * Soo rogista xukunno arrimo kala gadisan; Madani iyo Ciqaab. * Abaabulka maleeshiyo iyo ciidamo u xilsaaran qabashada dambiilayaasha iyo joojinta waxyaabaha qaanuunka ka baxsan. * Haynta maxaabiista ilaa uu xukun kaga dhaco inta laga xukumayo. Samaysanka maxaakimta shareecada kuwaas oo muuqda wax fudud laakiin sida dhabta ah waxay ka samaysanyihiin nidaam maamul kana kooban gudoomiyaha maxkamadda ku xigeenka gudoomiyaha iyo afar qaalli. kuma koobna holaha ciidanka soo gudbinta warbixinno taasoo ah arrinta ugu muhiimsan ee ka kaabaysa xukunada ee ka soo baxa maxkamadaha waxayba u gudbaan xallinta khilaafaadka inta ayasan u gudbin saldhigyada maxaakimta waxaa dheeraad ah dabagalka dambiilayaasha iyo kuwa qaanuunka ku xadgudba kadib maxkamadaha ayaa loo dhiibayaa ee ku shaqada leh dambiyada fudud si ay u sii hayaan. Sidoo kale maxaakimta shareecda waxay sameeyeen dhisidda guddi dhaqaale madaxa bannaan soona uruuriya canshuurta lagu soo rogay ganacsiga iyo guud ahaan goobaha ganacsiga iyo meel kasta oo ganacsi ah. Marso [[2009]] Xukuumaddii ku meelgaarka ahayd waxay ku dhawaaqday in [[Shareecada Islaamka]] tahay halka laga qaato sharciga iyo soo saarista xukunada iyo qawaaniinta dalka.<ref>[http://www.arabnews.com/?page=4&section=0&article=119757&d=1&m=3&y=2009 Shariah in Somalia] – Arab News</ref> ===Xeerka=== Qarniyo badan Soomaalidu waxay adeegsan jireen nidaam sharci ama qaanuun kaasoo ku tiirsan dhaqanka iyo xeerarka jufooyinka sharciyadaasa ama qaanuunkaasa waxay Soomaalidu u taqiinay magaca "Xeer"; waa waxa sida dastuurka oo kale ah ama wax u dhow cahdi kala gadisan qaanuun ahaan mana jirto wakaalad ama hay'ad ama jiho ka msul ah taasoo cadaynaysa waxa uu yahay qaynuunka la raacayo marka uu jiro xukun maxkamadeed, taasoo mar kasta loolala laabanayo maxkamadda xeer beegtida ama golaha jufada si loo xadido xukunka ku haboon iyo sidii loo fulin lahaa. ==Habka maamul== Wuxuu ku salaysanyahay qodobka 49aad ee dastuurka Soomaaliya. Gobol gooni isu taagi karaa ma jiri karo, inta uu Gobol kale uu kuu biirayo, Dowladda Federaalka Somalia ayaa maamulaysa waxaana waajib ku ah gobalkaas inuu ku biiro gobol kale ama dawlad xubin ka ah Dawladda Federaalka mudo labo sano gudahood. ===Magaalooyin=== {{Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya}} [[File:Aden_Abdullah_Airport.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Intii uusan dhicin dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya, waxay u qaybsanayd maamul ahaan 18 Gobol, bulburkii kadib waxaa soo baxay maamulo beeleedyo; waxay Soomaaliya ahayd ka hor 1969 intii uusan dhicin inqilaabkii dawladdii rayadka ahayd 8 Gobol oo kaliya, Hantiwadaaga wuxuu ka dhigay 18 gobol kuwaas oo kala ah: 18 gobal 5 kamida waxa gacanta kuhaya [[Somaliland]] oo iskeed ugu dhawaaqday madaxbanaani hal dhinac ah.13 gobal [[Soomaaliya]] gacanta kuhayso ayaa ah; {{columns |width = 150px |gap = 10px |col1 = 1 Bakool<br/>2 [[Banaadir]]<br/>3 [[Bari]]<br/>4 Baay<br/>5 [[Galguduud]] |col2 = 6 [[Gedo]]<br/>7 Hiiraan<br/>8 [[Jubbada Dhexe]]<br/>9 [[Jubbada Hoose]]<br/>10 [[Mudug]]<br/>11 [[Nugaal]] |col3 = 12 [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]]<br/>13 [[Shabeellaha Hoose]]}} Waxaa samaysamay maamul beeleedyo ka dhashay dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya waxaana ka mid ah: Waqooyiga Soomaaliya oo ku dhawaaqan madax banaani hal dhinac ah: [[Somaliland]] taasoo ka dhigan shan gobol sida [[Awdal]], [[Woqooyi Galbeed]], [[Togdheer]] iyo [[Sool]] iyo [[Sanaag]]. Dhamaan caasimadaha 5taas gobal waxa si buuxda gacanta ugu haysa [[Somaliland|Somaliland.]] [[Puntland]] oo ka aasasantay gobalada [[Bari]], [[Mudug]] iyo [[Nugaal]]. ===Habka maamul gobolleedyada=== Habka Federaalka ee lagu muransanyahay Soomaaliya wuxuu dalka u qaybiyay sidaan soo socota: * {{Flag|Soomaaliya}} wuxuu federaalka u qaybiyay. * [[Puntland]] * [[Galmudug]] * [[Jubaland]] * Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya * Hiiraan iyo Shabeellaha dhexe Qodobka 49aad ee Dastuurka Soomaaliya wuxuu qorayaa 2 gobol iyo wixii ka badan baa samayn kara Maamul ka tirsan Dawladda Soomaaliya, waxay durbadiiba ka dhalatay caqabad ku aadan xuduudaha maamullada. ==Juqraafiga iyo cimilada== Soomaaliya waxay dhacdaa bariga fog ee qaaradda afrika taasoo u muuqaal eg qaabka ay u samaysanyahay geeska [[Wayil|wayiyisha]] kaasoo ku badan qaaradda afrika sidaa daraadeed waxaa loogu magacdaray [[Geeska Afrika|geeska afrika]]. waxay soomaaliya ku fidsantahay inta u dhaxeysa loolka 10 waqooyi dhigta 49 bari. wuxuu gaarayaa bedka Soomaaliya 637,657 kiiloomitir iskuwareeg ah waxaa ka mid ah 10,320 kiiloomitir iskuwareeg ah waxay biyaha ka hayaan ilaa 1.6% ee bedeka guud ee dalka waxay waxyar uun ka yartahay gobolka [[Texas]] ee maraykanka. Sidoo kale waxay Soomaaliya leedahay xuduud barri ah oo dhererkeedu gaaraya 2,340 km ee kala berta dhammaan [[Jabuuti]] masaafo dhan 58 kiiloometer, [[Itoobiya]] masaafo dhan 1,600 kiiloomiter iyo [[Kiinya]] masaafo dhan 682 km, sidaa daraadeed Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer guud ahaan qaaradda Afrika, iyadoo gaareesya xeebta Soomaaliya dhererkeeda 3,025 kiiloomitir; dhul badeedka Soomaaliya wuxuu gaarayaa ilaa 200 [[Mayl]] Bad gudaha [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. {{Infobox Weather |metric_first= Yes |single_line= Yes |location =[[Soomaaliya]] |lixkor/Jan_Hi_°C =30 |Feb_Hi_°C =30 |Mar_Hi_°C =40 |Apr_Hi_°C =40 |May_Hi_°C =40 |Jun_Hi_°C =40 |Jul_Hi_°C =40 |Aug_Hi_°C =30 |Sep_Hi_°C =30 |Oct_Hi_°C =30 |Nov_Hi_°C =30 |Dec_Hi_°C =30 |Year_Hi_°C =30 |Jan_Lo_°C =15 |Feb_Lo_°C =15 |Mar_Lo_°C =15 |Apr_Lo_°C =15 |May_Lo_°C =15 |Jun_Lo_°C =15 |Jul_Lo_°C =15 |Aug_Lo_°C =15 |Sep_Lo_°C =15 |Oct_Lo_°C =15 |Nov_Lo_°C =15 |Dec_Lo_°C =0 |Year_Lo_°C =15 |Jan_Precip_mm =40 |Feb_Precip_mm =40 |Mar_Precip_mm =40 |Apr_Precip_mm =40 |May_Precip_mm =40 |Jun_Precip_mm =40 |Jul_Precip_mm =50 |Aug_Precip_mm =50 |Sep_Precip_mm =40 |Oct_Precip_mm =40 |Nov_Precip_mm =40 |Dec_Precip_mm =40 |Year_Precip_mm =500 |source = Daraasaad lagu sameeyey - Soomaaliya<ref>[http://countrystudies.us/somalia/34.htm|publisher Countrystudies.us Somalia - Climate 04]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |accessdate = 2009-11-04 }} ==Caafimaadka== Waxaa lagua tiriyaa dhibatada caafimaadka la xiriirta ee dhalmada Soomaaliya kuwa ugu muhimsan caqabadaha iyo dhibaatada ee horyaala ururada caafimaadka ka shaqeeya Soomaaliya sida [[UNICEF]]. waxaana caqabadahaas ugu waaweyn kororka saamiga dhimashada ee haweenka xilliga dhalmada sidoo kale koroka saamiga dhimashada caruurta dhawaan dhaladka ah sababo badan awgeed waxaana ka mid ah engaga neef mareenka iyo [[Malaariyo|malaariyada]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171115191540/https://www.unicef.org/somalia/health.html UNICEF Somalia - Health - Issue 2018-12-05]</ref> ==Waxbarashada== Wasaaradda Waxbarashada iyo Barbaarinta waa hay'adda kaliya ee rasmiga Soomaaliya u qaabishan habaynta socodsiinta waxbarashada dalka, waxay ka faaiidaysaa wasaaradda saami dhan 15% guud ahaan bixinata miisaaniyadda dawladda taasoo loogu talo galay tacliinta. Tacliintu Waxay noqotay mid muhiim u aha dawlad goboleedyada ama Soomaaliya ha ahaatee ama maamul goboleedyada leh madax banaanida gaarka ah, sanadkii [[2006]] waxay noqotay [[Puntland]] meesha labaad ee Soomaaliya marka laga yimaado [[Somaliland]], taasoo ka dhigtay tacliinta aasaasiga ah mid lacag la'an ah halka ay macalimiinta ka qaatada gunadooda bisha maamulka si toos ah.<ref>[http://www.afrol.com/articles/16083 Staff writer Puntland (Somalia) to introduce free primary schools Afrol News 2006]</ref> Sanadii [[2007]] waxaa batay tirada dugsiyada hoose ee soomaaliya 600 dugsi intii uusan dhicin dagaalkii sokeeye ila iyo 1,172 dugsi iyadoo uu kordhay qadar saami dhan 28% wadarta guud ee tirada ardada heerka hoose.<ref name="Basic education survey">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090205150949/http://education.puntlandgovt.com/BES_presentation2007.pdf Basic education survey]</ref> ==Dhaqaalaha== Asigoo socda dagaalkii sokeeye Soomaaliya waxaa u suuro gashay dhisidda dhaqaale soo koraya sanadihii u dambeeyay kuna tiirsan xoolha nool shirakada xawilaada lacagta iyo shirkadaha isgaarsiinta;<ref name="CIA2008"/> daraasad uu ku sameeyay [[Bankiga Aduunka]] sanadkii [[2003]] dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya waxay muujinaysaa koritaanka qaybaha gaarka ah qaab la arki karo gaar ahaan Ganacsiga iyo Xawilaadaha lacagta iyo adeega aasaasiga ah sidaa daraadeed waxay gaartay in ay ku hormarto qaybaha muhimka ah sida xoolaha beeraha iyo kalluumaysiga,<ref name="world bank 2003">[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/03/25/000112742_20040325090551/Rendered/PDF/282760Somalia0Country0reengagement0note.pdf Country Re-Engagement Note]</ref> sida ay muujisay daraasadda ay soo saartay qaramada midoobay sanadkii [[2007]] koritaanka qaybaha adeegyada<ref name="irin">[http://www.irinnews.org/country.aspx?CountryCode=SO&RegionCode=HOA The Somali Democratic Republic UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]</ref> aqoonyahanka [[Anthroboloji|Anthroboloji]] Spencer Heath McCallum ku saleeyay shuruucda beelaha soomaaliyeed "Xeer" asaas ahaan kaasoo suura galiyay beeyad ku wanaagsan dhaqaalaha si looga wada faaiideysto una wanaagsanaato danaha mashaariic dhaqaale.<ref>[http://mises.org/story/2701 The Rule of Law without the State, Somalia]</ref> Qaybta Beeraha waxaa lagu tiriyaa qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee xagga dhaqaalaha ee dalka iyadoo ah marka lagu daro xoolaha 40% [[Wax soo saar|wax soo saarka dadka]] ee soomaaliya kaasoo ah 65% guud ahaan waxyaabaha ka soo xarooda dhoofinta;<ref name="CIA2008">{{Cite web |ciwaan=CIA - The World Factbook - Somalia (2008) |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html#Econ |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2016-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html#Econ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> marka dhinac la iska dhigo wax soo saarka beeraha iyo hilibka la qalay ama asigoo nool taasoo ay dhoofiso Soomaaliya waxay kale oo ay dhoofisaa [[Kaluun|kaluunka]], [[Dhuxul|dhuxusha]], [[Moos|mooska]], [[Liin|liinta]], [[Galley|Galleyda]], [[Hadhuudh|masago]] dhammaantood waa wax soo saarka gudaha.<ref name="CIA2008"/> Arrinta ku saabsan dhoofinta xoolaha waxay soomaaliya dhoofisay 3 malyan oo xoolo nool ah sanadii [[1999]] waxaana laga dhoofiyay dekadaha [[Boosaaso]] iyo [[Berbera|berbera]] waxaa la dhoofiyay 95% guud ahaan orgida 52% iyo Wanan kuwaas oo laga dhoofiyay Bari afrika guud ahaan. Waxay dhoofisaa [[Somaliland]] sanadkiiba ku dhawaad 180 malyan tan oo xoolo ah marka lagu daro ilaa 480 malyan oo tan wax soo saarka beeraha. Sidaa daraadeed Soomaaliya waxay ku jirtaa suuqgeeyaha ugu weyn [[Lubaan|luubaan]] iyo [[Malmal|malmasha]] guud ahaan aduunka.<ref name="improvement">[http://www.independent.org/pdf/working_papers/64_somalia.pdf Somalia After State Collapse: Chaos or Improvement? Benjamin Powell, Ryan Ford, Alex Nowrasteh November 30, 2006]</ref> [[file:Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154.jpg|thumb|250px|waxaa jira tiro badan shirkadaha duulimaadyada gaarka ah taasoo taasoo hogaaminayasa dagaal xagga dhimista sicirka si ay u hesho tiro badan oo duulumaadyo ah si shirkadaha kale meesha uga saarto.]] Laakiin qaybta warshadaha waxaa ka jirta dhibaato la xiriirta dagaalkii sokeeye oo ku dhisan gasacaynta iyo diyaarinta wax soosaarka beeraha si looga dhigo wax la dhoofin karo, qaybta warshadaha ma dhaafsana 10% wax soo saarka guud ee gudha. Marka laga tago ku tiirsanaanta wax soo saarka beeraha waxaa biloowday qayba ka mid ah wax soo saarka warshadaha horumar ay sameeynayaan, tusaale ahaan waxaa jira shirkado taasoo hogaanka u haysa dagaal ah dhimista sicirka si ay u hesho duulimaadyo badan taasoo meesha ka saaraysa shirkadaha tabarta daran.<ref name = "WB2005-03-18">[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/SOMALIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20398872~menuPK:367671~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:367665,00.html Africa Open for Business The World Bank]</ref> Waxaa kaloo jira qaybo howlo tasoo korriin laga dareemaya taasoo ah mid ay ku tiirsanyihiin shacabka Soomaaliyeed ee dibadda jira sida shirkadaha taleefoonada mobilada iyo xarumaha idaacadaha gaarka loo leeyahay Maqayadaha internetka waxaa sidoo kale jira [[Koka koola]] ee caalami ah taasoo ku tusaysa taasoo ay ku kalsoon yihiin shirkadaha caalamiga ah marka la eego maalgashiga ee hadda Soomaaliya.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3865595.stm Ferrett Grant Coca-Cola Makes Somalia Return BBC News 2004]</ref> Sidaas daraadeed waxaa lagu tiriyaa shikadaha xawilaadda qaybaha ugu badan ganacsiga ee hadda jira, kuwaas oo sameeya ku shubista in ku dhow 2 Bilyan doollar sanadkiiba dalka gudihiisa iyagoo soo mariya xawilaadaha dibadda ee soomaalida dibadda<ref name="CIA2008"/> waxaana lagu tiriyaa shirkadaha aadka ugu dhaqdhaqaa badan qaybtaan shirkadahaan ma sameeyaan qaadista lacagta si xawilladaha khaashka ah waxaa ku xiran shirkaadaas shirkadda "Dahabshiil" oo xarunteedu tahay [[Hargaysa]] kuwaasoo ay ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan 1,000 soomaali waxay leedahay 40 laanmo dhamaan caalamka waxaa ka mid ah laanta [[Dubay]] iyo [[London]].<ref name="Forbes">[http://www.forbescustom.com/EmergingMarketsPgs/AbdirashidDualeInterviewP1.html Freeing Finance: If money makes the world go round, Dahabshiil CEO Abdirashid Duale makes sure it goes to the right people]</ref> Sida ay muujiyeen shirkado maraykan iyo shiine ah si isku mid ah inuu jiro dano muuqda ee ku saabsan macdanta ku jurta soomaaliya gaar ahaan soo saarista shidaalka waxaana taa cadeeyay shirkadda lagu magacaabo ''Range Resources'' ee maraykanka ah jiritaanka kayd badan oo shidaal ah dhulks maamul goboleedka [[Puntland]] lagu qiyaasan shan ilaa toban bilyan oo fuusto ee saliidda ceeriinka ah.<ref>[http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ Exploration rights in Somalia for Chinese oil giant CNOOC Oilmarketer.co.uk 2009-02-25]</ref> ==Isgaarsiinta iyo warbaahinta== Waxaa sii kordhayay tobankii sano ee u danbaysay tiro badan Wargaysyada xarumaha Idaacadaha iyo Talefishinada kuwaas oo aan ku ekayn oo kaliya caasimadda, laakiin u gudbay magaalooyinka waaweyn. kuwaas oo qabsaday warbaahinta. kuma eka oo kaliya warbaahinta waxyba gaartay isgaarsiinta xarigga dhulka iyo midda xarig la' iyadoo ay korotay adeegsedeyaasha [[Internet]]ka shan sano gudaheed intii u dhaxeeysay [[2002]] iyo [[2007]] qiyaastii 44,900% iyadoo gaartay heerkii ugu sareeyay koritaanka afrika abid.<ref>[http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats1.htm#africa Internet Usage Statistics for Africa, Internetworldstats.com]</ref> Iyadoo ay ka wada hadlayaan shirkadaha guud ee ka shaqeeya [[Macluumaadka Teknolojiyadda]] suuq ka kooban nus malyan adeegsade internet. waxaa hadda laga helaa Soomaaliya 22 [[Bixiyaha Adeegga Internet]] waxaa dheeraad ah ilaa 234 [[Maqaayad Internet]] oo dalka ku faafsan taasoo sanadkiiba ku guulaysatay gaarsiinta 15.6%. waxaana hadda la suurta-galiyay isgaarsiin Internet ah dhanka [[Dayax Gacmeed]]ka gaar ahaan meelaha fogfog taas oo aan lahayn [[Codsi Talefon|Khad taleefan]] ama shabkad xarig la' ah. Waxay ka mid ah [[Qaramada Midoobay]] ama [[NGO|Heeyadaha aan dawliga ahayn]] Hay'adaha maaliyadda gaar ahaan shirkadaha xawila lacagta iyo maqaayadaha internetka waa kuwa ugu badan adeesiga shabakadda caarcaarada Internetka ee dalka. Waxaa lagu tiriyaa qaybta [[Codsi Talefon|Isgaarsiinta Talefonka]] ee internetka kuwa ugu badanq qayb ahaan koritaanka marka loo eego dhamaan qaaradda isla goobta iyadoo koraysa tirada [[Talefon Guri]] kuwaasoo sanadkii gaari kara 12.5% (hadda waxaa la helaa 100,000 khad talefon guri) markii la barbar dhigo dawladaha kale ee dhaca geeska afrika gaar ahaan bariga afrika si guud kuwaas oo dhib ku qaba xiridda khadka talefonka guriga sabab ka dhalatay burburin ulakac ah sicir barar ku yimid fiilooyinka maarta ah ee loo adeegsado galinta taleefonada dhulka. Waxaa xusid mudan gaarsiinta khad dhulka ah ee kuwa cusub ah ee cusub waxay qaadanaysaa saddex maalmood oo kaliya Soomaaliya laakiin waxay gaari kartaa sanado dheer dalka dariska la ah ee lagu magacaabo [[Kiinya]]. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa qaybta isgaarsiinta ee xariga dhulka ah dalka waa qaybaha ugu wanaagsan marka loo eego qaarada Afrika kuwaas oo ay bixiyaan shirkado badan soona gudbiya adeeg heer sare ah waxaa ka mid ah la hadalka dibadda adigoo bixinaya 10 doollar oo kaliya, waxaa taa dheer Isgaarsiin xarig la' tasoo ay korortay koror aad u weyn tirada haysata ee shirkadaha adeega bixinta taleefonada xarig la' kaasoo gaaray 627,000 adeegsade. ==Ciidanka== Ciidanka somaliya waa kuwa igu awooda badan afrika waxa ayna la dagaalameen ciidankii itoobiya 1977 waxaan guuleestay ciidanka somaliya somaliya ciidankeeda wexee Ku bixisaa dakhli dhan 50 bilyan oo doolar waana ciida Ka daagalimi Kara cimila walba qaboow iyo kulee {{flag|Somalia}} Somalis 🇸🇴♥️♥️♥️♥️.!!` ==Beeyada== Soomaaliya waxaa hareeyay cimilo kulul oomane ah, halka uu gaarayo roobka da'a inta u dhexeysa sanadkiiba 10 20 iyo [[Inji]] halka ayna ka badnayn dhulka la beeri karo 2% bedka guud ee Soomaaliya, dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa mid ku reebay raad xun Kaymaha, waxaa la jaray in badan oo geedahaas ah ujeedaduna waxay ahayd [[Dhuxul]] taas oo sababtay [[Abaar|abaar]]. Dawladdii Hantiwadaaga waxay samaysay qorshe ballaaran ee ah beerista dhir guud ahaan jamhuuriyadda taas oo loola jeeday '''Bacaad celin''' iyo ka hortagga saxaraha. waxaana la aas'aasay markii ugu horaysay hay'adda beeyada ee soomaaliya xilligii Hantiwadaaga taasoo loogu magac-daray "ECOTERRA Somalia" ee raacsan "Golaha Beeyada Soomaaliya" taasoo gacan ka gaysatay wacyi galint ku saabsan beeyada waxay kaloo samaysay dhaqaajinta barnaamijkii beeyada dhammaan qaybaha xukuumadda sidoo kale heeyadaha bulshada rayadka ah sidoo kale waxaa la aas'aasay "xarunta cilimi baarista iyo la socodka iyo dhowrista nolosha barriga" iyadoo loo marayo heeyada "ECOTERRA" caalamiga ah sanadkii [[1986]], waxaa faaiidadeeda la arkay [[1989]] halka ay ogolaadeen xisbiyada dalka xukuumadda dhammaan saxiixa xukuumadda soomaaliya heshiis "manuuciaya ka ganacsiga nuucyada sii baaba'ya" (CITES) taasoo waxaa markii ugu horreysay la mamnuucay ka ganacsiga [[Ilik|faanta]] [[Maroodi|maroodiga]]. Waxaa taa la socday u dhaq-dhaqaaqda iyo abaal marinta goldman ee beeyada {{en|Goldman Environmental Prize}} Faaduma Jibriil olo-oleynta bulshada ee ku wajahnayd ku wacyi galinta beeyada waxayna ka soo biloowday magaaladii ay ku dhalatay iyadoo isku duba riday guddiyo ilaaliya nolosha barriga xeebaha, waxay kaloo tababartay kuwaas oo u howl gali doona ilaalinta beeyada gaar ahaan meelaha dhuxuusha laga gubo. ==Dadka== Waxa uu gaarayaa dadka [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliya]] dega ilaa 12,832,017 qof, waana tiro aan la hubin waxaana la xisaabsada tirada dadka tii ay samaysay dawladdii Hantiwadaaga [[1975]], waxaa kale oo jira trakoob soo baxay [[2015]] oo qiyaas ah kaas oo ay soo bandhigtay Wasaarada Qorshaynta Soomaaliya waxaana lagu sheegay 12,316,895 qof suurtagal maaha in la ogaado tirakoobka rasmiga ah ee hadda taasoo ay sababtu tahay mujtamaca soomaaliyeed oo u badan [[Reer guuraa]] sidoo kale tira badan oo barakacayaal ah kuwaas oo ka cararay baahi ama dagaal sokeeye, sidoo kale waxaa kordhay tirada ku maqan qurbaha dagaalkii sokeeye dabadii taasoo hadana sabatay in ay dalka ka cararaan aqoonyahanadii soomaaliyeed una cararaan [[Bariga Dhexe]], [[Yurub]] iyo [[Woqooyiga Ameerika]]. Sinjiga ugu badan, oo ah 85% waa [[Soomaali]] iyadoo aay jiraan sinjiyo kale oo isku dardar ah kuwaas oo gaaraya 15%, waxaa ka mid ah: Baantuuga Gibilcadka Barawaani Baajuun, [[Hindi]], [[Iiraan]] waxaa kaloo jira kuwo ay dhaleen isticmaarka xilligii gumaysiga talyaaniga kuwaas oo lagu magacaabo Misyooni oo gaaraya 30 kun oo qof waxaa jiri kara dadyoow kale ee aan Soomaali ahayn oo iska tagay markii xoriyadda la qaatay [[1960]] horayna u raacan isticmaarkii. ==Luqadda== [[File:R.publication Somali language.jpg|thumb|center|196px|Daabacadaha [[Af Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]]<ref> '''[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/ Buugag iyo Qormo Dhigashada… (Jw.org)] '''</ref>]] [[Af-Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]] waa Afka rasmiga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya waana Af-soomaaliga ([[Maay]] iyo [[Maxaa tiri]]), waa mid ka mid ah afafka [[Luqadaha Kushiitiga|Kushiitiga]] taasoo ah mid raacsan laan ka mid ah laamaheeda [[Afro-Aasiyatik|Afrika Aasiya]], kuwa ugu dhow Af-Soomaaliga waa Af-Cafarta taasoo looga hadlo [[Itoobiya]], [[Eratareya]] iyo [[Jabuuti]], sidoo kale [[Oramada]] taasoo iyana looga hadlo [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kiinya]]. Af-Soomaaligu waa tan ugu badan Afafka Kushitiga loogu qorista badanyahay sideedaba,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200327170337/http://www.springerlink.com/content/b14r67j54k377r7g/ A software tool for research in linguistics and lexicography: Application to Somali 2018-12-05]</ref> Waxaa jirtay daraasad cilmiyeed ku saabsan [[Af-Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]] kana horaysay 1900. ==Diinta== Muddaddii qadiimiga, Soomaalidda waxay ku baraarugsanaan jiray diinta [[Waaqiya]], laakin maanta, marka laga reebo in yar oo ka mid ah [[Soomaalida|shacabka soomaaliyeed]] dhammaantood waxay haystaam [[Islaam|islaamka]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061214023655/http://www.mepc.org/workshops/popstat.asp Middle East Policy Council - Muslim Populations Worldwide 2018-12-05]</ref> badankood waa [[Ahlu sunno waljamaaca|sunno]] kuwaas oo haysta [[Madhabo|madhabka]] shaaficiyadda<ref name="Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi">Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi, ''Culture and Customs of Somalia'', (Greenwood Press: 2001), p.1</ref> wuxaa lagu tilmaamaya dastuurka soomaaliya in ay diinta islaamku tahay diinta kaliya ee dalka ka jiri karta, shareecada islaamkuna tahay asalka. ==Ciidaha iyo fasaxyada rasmiga ah== {{Ciidaha Soomaaliya}} ==Dhaqanka== Soomaalidu waxay ku abtirsataa dhaqan fac weyn oo xeerar iyo qawaaniintiisa leh. Marka aad culuuntan dhaqanka qaarkood dhegeysato waxaad garan karaysaa baaxadda dhaqan cilmiyeysan ay laahaayeen Soomaalidii hore. Dhaqanka soomaaliyeed wuxuu isugu jiraa caadooyin waxyaabo la soo wariyay dhaqankaas oo ku kaydsan maskaxda waayeelka soomaaliyeed taasoo casriyo hore lagu dhaqmi jiray dhaqamada gudaha iyo dhaqamada dawlado kale keeneen soomaaliya waa mid ku salaysan taariikh sida [[Itoobiya]] [[Kiinya]], [[Yemen]] ,[[Hindiya]] iyo [[Iiraan]]. ===Miyuusigga=== Soomaaliya waxay uga duwantahay dunida inteeda kale iyadoo ah mid ka mid ah dawladaha Afrika taasoo shacabkeedu ka koobanyahay hal qomiyad waana [[Soomaali]] taasoo ka dhigtay in ay ka midaysan yihiin naaxiyadda muusikada guud ahaan dalka waana waxa ka caawiyay faafinta kooxada muusikada soomaaliyeed oo ay ka mid tahay kooxda "Waabari" iyo "Horseed" meela ka baxsan Soomaaliya qaar ka mid ah ayaa sameeyay laxan heesaa soomaaliyeed sida "[[Maryan Mursal]]" iyagdoo musikadii Soomaaliyeed qaybo kale oo reer galbeed ku dhexdartay. ===Fanka=== * Fanka soomaalida wuxuu u qaysanyahay: * Fan shaxaneed, sida farshaxanka – Sawirka – Far-guri – Injineernimo – Dhisme – Fanka dhismaha – Geeda qoris... * Fan ku luuqeen, Suugaan – sida Miyuusiga – Heesaha - Shineemda iyo masraxiyadda – Gabayga – Sheeko xiriirta... * Fan Cayaareed, sida qoobka cayaarka – Gamuuan tuurka – Indhe sarcaad – Shiribka – Jaandheerta – Dhaantada... Waa hab, [[gabay|abuurida]], qurxinta, habaynta iyo soo bandhiga [[hees|heesaha Soomaalida]], [[ruwaayad]]aha iyo [[majaajilo]]oyinka u dhaqanka ah [[dadka Soomaalida]] ah meelkasta ooy joogaan, gaar ahaan inta ku dhaqan [[Bariga Afrika]]. Guud ahaan, fanka Soomaalidu waa nooc ka mid ah [[Suugaan|Suugaanta Soomaalida]]. Sidoo kale, dadka ku hadla [[Af Soomaali]]ga waxay leeyihiin [[fan]] aad u heersareeya, qani ku ah aqoon iyo xirfad qoto dheer. In kastoo fanka maanta jira yahay mid aad u da' yar wuxuu leeyahay waaxyaabo iyo noocyo aad u badan. Kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah [[qaaci|heesaha qaaciga]], [[qaraami]]ga, heesaha jaaska, [[ruwaayad]]aha, [[majaajilo]]yinka, [[filim]]aanta, bandhigyada fanka, qoob-ka-ciyaarka iyo guud ahaan madadaalada ku baxda luuqada [[Soomaaliga]]. ===Cunto karinta=== [[file:Somali food.jpg|thumb|196px|nuucyada kala gadisan ee [[Cunto kariska soomaalida|Cunto]].|alt=]] Cunto kariska Soomaalida wuu kala gadisanyahay meel walbo meesha kale sidaa daraadeed inuu ka mid yahay waxyaabaha muhimka u ah soomaalida in laga heli karo meel kasta ee dalka ka mid ah cunto [[Xalaal]] ah sida ay qabto diinta islaamka sida in aysan dhici karin wax ay ku jiraan xedha doofaarkaama [[Hilib]] [[Doofaar]] sidoo kale ma laga yaabo in laguu keeno [[Cabitaan]] alkolo ah nuucyadii kala duwan, sidoo kale lagama cuno bakhtiga, ama dhiiga la fariisiyay. Soomaaliya waxaa laga qadeeyaa kowda wixii ka dambeeya duhurka dabadii laakiin inta lagu guda jiro bisha [[Ramadaan]] waxaa la cunayaa Marka ay dhamaato salaadda taraawiixdataasoo xitaa gaadhi karta kow iyo tobanka fiidnimo. waxaa la cunaa "Cambuulada" oo ugu badan bisha Soomaaliya taasoo laga cuno dhammaan dalka, waxaa la kariyaa marka hore cambuulada, taasoo meelaha qaar looga yaqaan digir ([[Af-Soomaali]]: digir), muddo gaarsiisan shan saacadood oo xidhiidh ah dab yar oo khafiif ah si ay u noqoto mid bisil. Waxaa kale oo jirta [[Muufo]] taasoo ka samaysan [[Galley|Ganleey]] la shiiday kadibna la cajiimay laguna dubay [[Tinaar]], waxaa qaabkaas oo kale loo sameeyaa [[Sabaayad]] waxay kaga duwantahay dubista. ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Soomaali luqadda dhegoolaha]] * [[Somaliland]] * [[Djibouti]] * [[IGAD]] * [[Diinta Soomaalida]] ==Xogta== {{reflist}} ==Daabacado kale== <div class="mw-content-ltr"> * Hadden, Robert Lee. 2007. [http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA464006 "The Geology of Somalia: A Selected Bibliography of Somalian Geology, Geography and Earth Science."]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Engineer Research and Development Laboratories, Topographic Engineering Center, Alexandria, VA. Abstract. * Hess, Robert L. ''Italian Colonialism in Somalia''. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1966. *Fitzgerald, Nina J. ''Somalia''. New York: Nova Science, Inc., 2002. * Lewis. I.M. ''Pastoral Democracy: A study on Pastoralism and Politics among the Northern Somali clans''. Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1958. ISBN 978-3-8258-3084-7. * Mwakikagile, Godfrey. ''The Modern African State: Quest for Transformation'', Chapter Four: Somalia: A Stateless State - What Next?, pp.&nbsp;109–132, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Huntington, New York, 2001. * Tripodi, Paolo. ''The Colonial Legacy in Somalia''. New York: St. Martin's P Inc., 1999. </div> ==Linkiyo banaanka ah== ; Xukuumadda * [http://www.tfgsomalia.net Websitkii dawladdii federaalka ku meel gaarka ahayd] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tfgsomalia.net/ |date=20190924214612 }} * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/somalia.html Raysulwasaaraha iyo liiska wasiirada] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/somalia.html |date=20120926194338 }} * [https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/iimaan-run-ah/iimaanka-runta-ah-muxuu-yahay/ Soomaali: Iimaan Run ah Waa Waddada Nolol Farxad Leh] ;Macluumaad guud * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html Bogga Soomaaliya ee buugga ''World Factbook'' Sirdoonka Maraykanka] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |date=20160701194614 }} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/somalia.htm Maktabadda jaamacadda koloraado] * [http://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Somalia Hagista safarka ee soomaaliya (Af-Ingiriis) ee websiteka ''Wikivoyage''] ;Warbaahin * [http://allafrica.com/somalia/ Wararka ugu doorka roon ee doomaaliya] websiteka ''allafrica.com'' * [http://www.irinnews.org/Africa-Country.aspx?Country=SO IRIN Somalia] Wararka iyo hubinta warsaxaafadeedka ee ku saabsan arrimaha bini aadamnimo ee soomaaliya ;Kuwo kale {{col-begin}} {{col-1-of-2}} * [http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/somalia Hay´adda laanqeerta cas ee Soomaaliya] * [http://www.somaliaonline.com/ Somalia Online] * [http://www.somalilink.com/ The Somali Link] * [http://education.nairobi-unesco.org/ Xafiiska UNESCO ee nairobi ee quseeya waxbarashada Soomaaliya] {{col-2-of-2}} * [http://education.nairobi-unesco.org/PDFs/somalia.pdf Xafiiska UNESCO ee Nairobi barnaamijyafa tacliinta ee dhammaan 2015 - Soomaaliya] * [http://www.kataaib.net Websiteka Mustaqbalka umadda Soomaaliyeed] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kataaib.net/ |date=20081028004403 }} * [http://www.mapsyou.com/mapsFrame.aspx?p1=117 Khariidada ee websitka ado] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mapsyou.com/mapsFrame.aspx?p1=117 |date=20090114115414 }} * [http://www.jaallesiyaad.com Websiteka rasmiga ah ee taariikhda gaarka ah Madaxweyne Syd. Barre] {{col-end}} {{Jiho | Woqooyi Galbeed = {{flag|Djibouti}} | Woqooyi = {{flag|Yemen}} • ''[[Gacanka Cadmeed]]'' | Woqooyi Bari = ''[[Gacanka Cadmeed]]'' | Galbeed = {{flag|Ethiopia}} | Magaca = {{flag|Somalia}} | Bari = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' | Koofur = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' | Koofur Galbeed = {{flag|Kenya}} | Koofur Bari = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' }} {{coord|02|02|N|45|21|E|type:Soomaaliya | display=title}} {{Maqaal Xul Ah|subst=4928983 |Taariikh=26 Diseember 2015}} {{Portal bar|Soomaaliya}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Soomaaliya|*]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah midowga afrika]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah jaamacadda carabta|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah ururka iskaashiga islaamka|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka ugu horumarka liita|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah qaramada midoobay|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Geeska Afrika|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka dhaca badweynta hindiya|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka iyo meelaha looga hadlo af-soomaaliga|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Jamhuuriyadaha]] [[Category:Wadamada Afrika|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka federaalka ah|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Mustacmarado hore ee talyaaniga|Soomaaliya]] __INDEX__ l8f85scrnbnq3jxq2oukade3w73ei3l 240479 240476 2022-08-27T20:42:23Z 74.12.157.34 /* Waadanmaha degaan Somalia */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Soomaaliya}} {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{Coord|10|N|49|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Soomaaliya | common_name = Somalia | native_name = Federal Republic of Somalia</br>جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية | image_flag = Flag of Somalia.svg | image_coat =Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | national_anthem = "{{lang|so|[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]|italic=no}}"<Br><center>[[File:Somalian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]</center> | image_map = Somalia (orthographic projection).svg | map_caption = Meelaha ay maamusho Dowlada Somalia waxaa lagu muujiyay cagaar madow ah; meelaha ay maamusho dowladda somaliland waxaa lagu muujiyay cagaar khafiif ah. Soonayaasha la maamulaayo waa mida waqtigaan xaadirka.<!-- Parameter is earmarked for text description of location of country per [[Template:Infobox_country#Syntax]]. --> | image_map2 = Somalia - Location Map (2011) - SOM - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[Muqdisho]] | coordinates = {{Coord|2|2|N|45|21|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Soomaali|Soomaali]] | [[Af-Carabi|Carabi]]}} | languages_type = Afafka qalaad | languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriis]]|[[Af-Taliyaani|Talyaani]]<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ita ethnologue.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&category=&publisher=&type=LEGISLATION&coi=SOM&rid=456d621e2&docid=4795c2d22&skip=0 Scuola media di Mogadiscio]</ref>}} | religion = [[Islam]] | demonym = [[Soomaalida]] | government_type = [[Federation|Federaal]] [[Baarlamaanka Jamhuuriyadda]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxwaynaha Soomaaliya|Madaxweynaha]] | leader_name1 = [[Hasan Sheekh Maxamuud]],[[PDP]] | leader_title2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Raiisul wasaaraha]] | [[Mohamed Hussein Roble]] | legislature = [[Baarlamaanka Dowlada Fadaraalka||Baarlamaanka Federaalka]] | sovereignty_type = [[Taariikhda Soomaaliya|Samaynta]] | established_event9 = [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska Somaliland]] | established_date9 = 1884 | established_event10 = [[Boqortooyada Talyaaniga Somaliland]] | established_date10 = 1889 | established_event11 = ka xoroobay [[Boqortooyada Talyaaniga]] | established_date11 = 1 Juulyo 1960 | established_event12 = [[Qaraarka Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay 141|Qaraarka Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay]] ogolaashaha [[Qaramada Midoobay]] | established_date12 = 20 Sebteembar 1960 | established_event13 = [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|Dastuurka hadda]] | established_date13 = 1 Agoosto 2012 | area_km2 = 637,657 | area_rank = 43rd <!--should be same as listed on [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 246,200 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | percent_water = | population_estimate = 11,031,386 | population_estimate_year = 2017 | population_estimate_rank = {{smaller|76th}} | population_density_km2 = 19.31<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161003235053/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/arabstates/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf UNFPA Somali Population Survey 2014]. Somalia.unfpa.org (6 April 2014). Retrieved 6 October 2016.</ref> | population_density_sq_mi = 41.73 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | GDP_PPP = [[United States dollar|US$]] | GDP_PPP_year = 61 | GDP_PPP_rank = 75 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]3077.23 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 100 | GDP_nominal = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]9.0 Billion Dollars | GDP_nominal_year = | GDP_nominal_rank = {{smaller|114th}} | GDP_nominal_per_capita = [[Dollarka maraykanka|US$]]2716 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = {{smaller|133rd}} | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI = <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank =153 | currency = [[Shilin Soomaali]] | currency_code = $1=100 SOS | time_zone = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Lambarka Taleefoonada Soomaaliya|+252]] | cctld = [[.so]] | today = |leader_name2=[[xamse cabdi barre]]}} '''Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|Somalia}}, [[Carabi|Af Carabi]] الصومال), sida rasmiga ah loo yaqaano '''Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya''' ({{lang-en|Federal Republic of Somalia}}) (waxaa hore loo oran jirey [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]] xiligii hore ee Hantiwadaaga), oo sii dhaxal ahaana loo yaqaano '''Soomaal''' waa [[Dowlad]] iyo wadan dhacda [[Geeska afrika|Geeska Afrika]] ama Foolalka [[Afrika]] ee kasii socda [[Marinka Gardafuul]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay maamul goboleedyo sida [[Puntland]], [[Jubaland]], [[Galmudug]], [[Hirshabeelle]], [[Koonfur Galbeed]]. Waxaa ka xiga bariga [[marinka Gardafuul]] iyo [[Seyshelles]], iyo [[Soqotra]] iyo [[badda Soomaal]], koofuurna [[Kenya]]. Waxaa ku nool dad [[Faanyahan]] ah, iyo dadka [[Dhul-hoos Bari Kushiitik]] ah. Waxaa dawlada Soomaaliya ka horeeyay boqortooyada [[Diiriye Guure]]. Juquraafi ahaan [[Kiinya]] Koofur galbeed, iyo [[Gacanka Cadmeed]] woqooyiga iyo [[Marinka Gardafuul]] bariga iyo [[Itoobiya]] galbeedka. Waxay leedahay xad badeedka ugu dheer qaaradda Afrika. Waxaa kala duwan qaabka dhulka kuwaas oo kala ah [[Buur|Buuro]], [[Dul]] iyo [[Bannaan]]. Cimiladeeda oo ah lama degaan kulul dhamaan sanadka iyada oo ay jiraan xoogaa dabaylo xilliyeed iyo roobab aan joogto ahayn. [[File:ShenDuGiraffePainting.jpg|thumb|right|250px|]] [[File:Somalia scramble for africa period geledi hobyo huwan, Diiriye Guure kingdom.png|thumb|right|195px|]] [[File:Somshil5r.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] [[File:Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud-vf.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Soomaaliya xilliyadii hore waxay ahayd meelaha ugu muhiimsan [[Ganacsi|ganacsiga]] caalamiga ah ee ka dhexeeyay dawladihii hore ee caalamka. Xilli ay ahaayeen Badmareenada iyo ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed kuwo dhoofiya [[Luubaan]]ta iyo [[Malmal]]sha taasoo ka dhignayd kuwo u soo saari jiray [[Masar|Masartii hore]], Fiiniqiyiintii, Maysuuniyiintii iyo Baabil taasoo isku xiri jirtay dhammaan gaadiidka Awrta ama [[Geel]]a ganacsiga Soomaaliyeed waxay la wadaageen [[Soomaalida]] xiriir ganacsi.<ref>Phoenicia pg 199</ref><ref>The Aromatherapy Book by Jeanne Rose and John Hulburd pg 94</ref> Sida ay la tahay in badan oo taariikhyahano ah iyo kuwa dhiga taariikhda, waxay cadeeyeen Soomaaliya in ay tahay meesha lagu tilmaamay dhukii Buntiga ee hore taasoo la lahayd xiriir wanaagsan Faraaciintii [[Masar]] gaar ahaan xilligii [[Fircoon]] "saaxuurac" ee ka midka ahaa boqoradii [[Masar]] casrigii Dawladdii hore, iyo boqortooyadii "Xatshabsuut" ee ka mid aheeyd boqoradii qoyskii reer masar ee sideed iyo tobanaad casrigii dawladda cusub.<ref>Egypt: 3000 Years of Civilization Brought to Life By Christine El Mahdy</ref><ref>Ancient perspectives on Egypt By Roger Matthews, Cornelia Roemer, University College, London.</ref><ref>Africa's legacies of urbanization: unfolding saga of a continent By Stefan Goodwin</ref><ref>Civilizations: Culture, Ambition, and the Transformation of Nature By Felipe Armesto Fernandez</ref> Waxaa loo malaynayaa arrinkaas dhismeyaasha Ahraamta iyo Macbadyo iyo dhismeyaal ee lagu dhisay Garanayt iyo Shiil Cad taasoo loo malaynayo waqtigeeda isla xililligaas una dhigma kuwa la midka ah ee dhismeyaashii msar.<ref>Man, God and Civilization pg 216</ref> sidoo kale xilliyadii hore, waxaa tartamayay dawlado kuwaasoo isku dayay in ay xiriir la yeeshaan dadyoow deganaa dhuka Soomaaliyeed sida jasiiradda xaafuun raas casayr iyo Malaw iyo Mareeg iyo dariskooda Boqrtooyadii Saba iyo Arshek iyo Boqortooyadii Aksam ee ku salaysan ganacsi iyo qaybo ka mid ah boqoro ka jiray Hindiya iyo [[Giriig]]a iyo Roomaanka.<ref>Oman in history By Peter Vine Page 324</ref> Markii ay ka soo if baxday diinta islaamka meel ku beegan geeska AfricaSoomaaliya [[Baddacas|Badda cas]] waxay soo qaateen ganacsatada iyo badmareenada soomaaliyeed ee aadi jiray Jasiirad la mooda carbeed diinta Islaamka taasoo ka dhalatay macaamilka ay la lahaayeen [[carabta]] Muslimka ah. Hijrooyinkii ay sameeyeen dad saxaabada ka mid ah meelo badan oo dunida muslimka ah qarniyadii hore ee diinta islaamku faafaysay ayaa waxay sahashay in ay soomaalidu qaadato diinta islaamka si nabad ah macalimiin Soomaaliyeedna ayna barayeen dadka, waxaa ka dhismay dhulka Soomaaliyeed dawlado iyo magaalooyin islaami ah sida magaalooyinka [[Muqdisho]], [[Baraawe]], [[Mareeg]] iyo [[Marka]], taasoo ahayad qayb ka mid ah ilbaxnimadii Soomaalida. Waxaa loo yaqiin magaalada muqdisho ''"Magaaladii Islaamka"''<ref>Society, security, sovereignty and the state in Somalia – Page 116</ref> Waxaa la joogay ganacsiga [[Dahab|dahabka]] ee ku taal [[Bariga Afrika]] qarniyo badan.<ref>East Africa: Its Peoples and Resources – Page 18</ref> iyo [[Casriyadii dhexe]], Boqotooyooyin Soomaaliyeed baa la wareegay wadooyinkii ganacsiga sida [[saldanadii Ajuuraan]] taasoo xukumaysay dhulka intii u dhexaysay qarniyadii laba iyo tobanaad ilaa todoba iyo tobanaad ciise dabadii taasoo alliftay hindisaha cilmiga dareeraha dheqdheqaaqa iyo dhismeyaasha darbi difaaca,<ref>Shaping of Somali society Lee Cassanelli pg.92</ref> Sidoo kale [[saldanadii Cadal]] taasoo [[Imaam Axmed Guray]] waa ciidankii ugu horeeyay afrika ee adeegsada Madfac dagaalkii lagula jiray xabashida<ref>Futuh Al Habash Shibab ad Din</ref> intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1529]] ilaa [[1543]], sidoo kale qoyskii Goonroon taasoo xukumi jirtay magaalada Laamu ee xiriirka la lahayd saldanada cumaan ee iyana hoos imaan jirtay [[Cusmaaniyiinta]] kaasoo ka qaadi jiray Jizyo [[suldaan axmed yuusuf]], suldaankii afaraad ee Ajuuraan kaasoo xukumayay intii u dhexaysay [[1848]] ilaa [[1878]].<ref>Sudan Notes and Records – Page 147</ref> Qarnigii sagaal iyo tobanaad kadib [[kulankii Baarliin 1884]], boqortooyooyinka yurub waxay u soo direen cidmadooda Baragiga Afrika Si ay dhulkaas caalamka istiraatiijiga u ah u qabsadaan taasoo kaliftay in [[Diiriye Guure]], aasaasihii dawladdii daraawiishta in uu ciidamo soomaali ah ka soo usruusado geeska afrika oo dhan waxay ahayd inta taariikhda la ogyahay is hortaag kii ugu weynaa ee lagu sameeyo Isticmaarka.baraawe Waxaa u suurta gashay Soomaalida ugu horayn ka hortagga Soomaalida.<ref>Politics, language, and thought: the Somali experience – Page 135</ref><ref>Africa report pg 69</ref><ref>Essentials of geography and development: concepts and processes By Don R. Hoy, Leonard Berry pg 305</ref><ref>Encyclopedia of African history – Page 1406</ref> dawladii boqortooyada Diiriye Guure waxay iska caabiyeen [[Ingiriiska]] afar mar oo isxigta waxaana lagu qasbay in ay dib ugu gurato dhanka xeebaha. waxay jabtay boqortooyda [[Diiriye Guure]] [[1920]] kadib adeegsigii Ingiriiska uu adeegsaday diyaaradaha intii dagaalka lagu jiray duqaynta [[taleex]] caasimadda ciidankii [[Diiriye Guure]] iyo dhamaan dhulkii [[Diiriye Guure]] waxaa la wareegay ciidmadii gumaysiga Ingiriiska. Sidoo kale [[Talyaaniga]] wuxuu la kulmay iska caabin kaga imaanaysay salaadiin Soomaaliyeed mana uwada suurta galin in uu wada qabsado qaybo ka mid ah dalka ee hadda loo yaqaan Dawladda Soomaaliya marka laga reebo xilligii fajiistaha dabayaaqadii sanadkii [[1927]] waxayna haysteen ilaa [[1941]] kaasoo lagu bedelay xukunkii ciidmada ee Ingiriiska. Woqooyiga Soomaaliya wuxuu sii ahaaday mustacmarad Ingiriis ah halka koofurta Soomaaliya isku bedeshay dawlad madax bannaan laakiin ay la socoto wasaayad ilaa laga gaaro midayntii labada gobol [[1960]] kuma midoobeen magaca Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya. [[File:Somrepitu.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Soomaaliya waxay xubin ka noqotay [[Jaamacada Carabta]] sanadii [[1974]]. sidoo kale Soomaaliya waxay xiriir fiican la samaysatay dadlalk afrika, waxay ka mid ahayd dawladihii aasaasay [[Midowga Afrika]], waxay taageeri jirtay ANC ee [[Koonfur Afrika]] kana soo herjeeday nidaamkii ''Apartheid'' ee cunsuriga ahaa<ref>[http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/anctoday/2007/text/at01.txt ANC Today Volume 7, No. 1, 12-18 January 2007]</ref> waxay kaloo taageertay Soomaaliya dagaalyanada [[Eratareya]] intii ay ku jirtay Eretariyiinta dagaalkii looga soo horjeeday [[Itoobiya]].<ref>Superpower diplomacy in the Horn of Africa – Page 22</ref> Iyadoo ka mid ah Dawladaha Islaamiga hadana Soomaaliya waxay ahayd aasaasayaashii [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] sidoo kale waxay xubin ka ahayd [[Qaramada Midoobay]]. Soomaaliya iyadoo dhibaato kala kulantay [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]] iyo deganaasho la'an ku baahday gudaha, waxay ku guulaysatay abuurista Suuq xor ah kana sareeya inbadan ee nidaamayada dhaqaale ee Afrika kale sida ay sheegtay daraasad ay sameeysay qaramada midobay.<ref>[http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=25433&Cr=Somalia&Cr1= UN news center. Somalia economy stronger than others in Africa, UN-backed meeting says]</ref> ==Taariikh== {{Faahfaahin|Taariikhda Soomaaliya}} {{Taariikhda Soomaaliya}} === Casrigii wixii ka horeeyay taariikhda === Dadka waxay yimaadeen dhulka Soomaaliyeed Casrigii dhagxaanta, taasoo loo celinayo sawirada lagy hardhay darbiyada godoka woqooyiga Soomaaliya sanadihii 9000 CH. gododkaas waxaa ugu caansan "Laas Geel" oo ku taal meel u dhow [[Hargaysa]] taasoo lagu arkay darbiyada mid ka mid ah kuwii ugu horeeyay ee waxa darbiyada lagu sawiray ah qaaradda afrika. sidoo kale awaxaa la helay qoraallo ku hoos qoran sawirada ama darbiyada si guud laakiin Culimada Raadraaca uma suuta galin in ay aqoonsadaan sumadaha luqadaas ama qoraalladaas marka laga reebo.<ref>Susan M. Hassig, Zawiah Abdul Latif, ''Somalia'', (Marshall Cavendish: 2007), p.22</ref> Intii lagu jiray [[Casrigii dhagaxa]] waxaa soo baxay ilabaxnimo ka jirtay meela ku dhowdhow magaalada hargaysa. Sidoo kale waxaa la helay waxa ku tusaya meel qabuuro lagu sameeyay Janaaso ee geeska afrika taasoo laga helay Soomaaliya taasoo loo malaynayo taariikhdeeda afar kun sano CH. Sidoo kale waxaa qalab laga soo saaray meesha "Galiilow" ee taariikhiga ah woqooyiga Soomaaliya taasoo ah isku xiraha Bari iyo Galbeed intii lagu jiray qarniyadii ugu horeeyay ee dadka dhulka ugu soo horeeyay.<ref>Prehistoric Implements from Somaliland by H. W. Seton-Karr pg 183</ref> [[File:Mogadishustadium.jpg|thumb|195px|alt=cecafa International Stadium |cecafa international stadium]] == Qarniyadii hore iyo waagii Diiriye Guure == Baydka [[Gunbur|pyramidical]] dhismayaasha, [[ Mooshin|mausoleums]], magaalooyinkii baabba'ay, oo derbiyadeeda dhagax, sida [[Wargaade Wall|Wall Wargaade]], waa caddayn ilbaxnimada duug ah in hal mar soo halgamay ee Jasiiradda Soomaali.<ref name="Nthos">[https://books.google.com/?id=FlL2vE_qRQ8C Njoku Raphael Chijioke The History of Somalia ABC-CLIO, 29–31]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=RO4kS1IR71sC Dalal Roshen, The Illustrated Time History of the World, 2011, The Rosen Publishing Group, 131]</ref> Ilbaxnimadani waxay ku raaxaysatay xidhiidh ganacsi oo ay la lahayd [[ Masar qadiimiga ah|Masar qadiimiga ah]] iyo [[ Mycenaean Griiga|Mycenaean Giriig]] ilaa qarnigii labaad ee sano ka hor, iyagoo taageeraya fikirka ah in Soomaaliya ama gobollada ku dhow ay ahaayeen meesha [[Dhul Udug|Dhulkii]] hore [[Dhulkii punt|ee Punt]]. <ref name="Nthos" /><ref>[https://books.google.com/?id=1E13DorsFMEC Abdel Monem A. H. Sayed|first=Zahi A. Hawass (ed.), Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty Century: Archaeology, 2003, American Univ in Cairo Press, P 432–433]</ref> Puntites waxay ka ganacsan jireen [[malmal]], udgoon, dahab, alwaax, lo'di gaaban, fool maroodi iyo [[Uunsi|frankincense oo ay]] la galeen Masriyiintii, Fenisiyiinta, Baabuloonkii, Hindiya, Shiinaha iyo Roomaaniya iyagoo adeegsanaya dekedohooda ganacsi. Safarkii Masaarida u diray [[Sideed iyo tobnaad Masar|Boqortooyada 18-aad ee]] Boqortooyada [[Hatshepsut]] ayaa lagu duubay macbudyada ku yaal [[Deir el-Bahari]], xilligii boqornimadii Boqorka Puntite Parahu iyo boqoradda Ati.<ref name="Nthos" /> Sanadkii 2015kii, falanqayn gaar ah oo ku saabsan tuugadii hore ee duullaanka Punt ee loo keenay Masar hadiyado ayaa muujinaya in muunadani ay u badan tahay inay ka soo jeedaan dhul ku yaal bariga Soomaaliya iyo dariiqa Eritrea iyo Ethiopia. The '''[[Dhulkii punt|Land of Punt]]''' ( [[Luqada Masaarida|Masri]] : ''pwnt'' ; [[Luqada Masaarida|akhrinta]] kale [[Luqada Masaarida|ee loo yaqaan ']] '''Egiptological''' [[Luqada Masaarida|akhrin']] '''Pwene''' ( '''t''' ) , ku dhawaaqida / pu: nt /) waxay ahayd boqortooyo qadiim ah. Lammaane uu ganacsi ee [[Masar]], waxaa lagu yaqaan soo saarka iyo dhoofinta [[Dahab|dahabka]], beduliyum Beeyada, blackwood, haabniim, foolka maroodiga iyo xayawaanka duurjoogta ah. Gobolka waxaa lagu yaqaanaa diiwaannada qadiimiga ah ee Masaarida ee socodsiinta ganacsiga.  Waa macquul inay u dhigantaa [[Opone]] [[Dhulbaxsinta Afrika|geeska Afrika]], oo markii dambe loo yaqaanay Gariiggii hore, halka qaar ka mid ah culimada Baybalka ay ku tilmaameen dhulka kitaabiga ah ee Put ama Havilah. Soomaliya qayb ka mid ah uu ahaa [[Soomaali magaalo-goboleedyada]] in ku hawlan shabakad ganacsi faa'iido badan xira [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] baayacmushtariyaasha la [[Phenicia|Foynike]], [[Boqortooyada Ptolemaic|Ptolemic Masar]], [[Giriiga|Greece]], [[Parthia|Parthian Faaris]], [[Reer Sabaay|Saba]], [[Nabataea]] iyo [[Boqortooyada Roomaanka]] . Badmaaxiinta Soomaaliyeed ayaa adeegsaday markabkii hore ee badda Soomaaliya ee loo yaqaan ' ''[[Beden|sariirta'<nowiki/>]]'' si ay xamuulkooda u qaadaan. <ref name="ReferenceA">Journal of African History pg.50 by John Donnelly Fage and Roland Anthony Oliver</ref> ''[[Beden|<nowiki/>]]'' <Br/> ===Waagii Diiriye Guure iyo casrigii cusbaa boobkii afrika=== Ay sii hayo xilliga wasaayada Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya laakiin ay la socoto ilaalin caalami ah ee adag taasoo shuruud looga dhigay in Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya la siiyo xorriyad buuxda taban sano gudahood;<ref name = "Zolberg"/><ref name=Gates1999>Gates, Henry Louis, ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience'', (Oxford University Press: 1999), p.1749</ref> halka uu sii ahaanayo [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] maxmiyad Ingiriis ah ilaa laga gaaro [[1960]].<ref name=Tripodi1999>Tripodi, Paolo. ''The Colonial Legacy in Somalia'' p. 68 New York, 1999.</ref> Iyadoo ay jirtay haysashada Talyaaniga Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya kana haysata ogolaasho qaramada midoobay, laakiin xilligaas wasaayada waxay siisay soomaalida khibaradihii loo baahnaa iyo bisayl siyaasadeed iyo awood isxukun waana tusaale aya waayeen reer woqooyiga kuwaas oo markii dambe la midoobay koofurta. Iyadoo ay isku dayeen masuuliyiinta mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska bartamihii soddomeeyadii qarnigii tagay wax ka qabashada xaaladda horumarin la'aneed ee ka jirtay mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska ee Afrika, masuuliyiinta Ingriiska dhammaan isku dayadaas waxay ku dhamaatay fashil waxay sii ahaadeen mustacmaradaha Ingiriiska guud ahaan qaybta woqooyi ee Soomaaliya gaar ahaan kuwo isku mid ah marka laga hadlayo Siyaasadda Dhaqaalaha Bulshada taasoo noqon kartay mid saamayn jirta ku leh in badan oo caqabado ah taasoo soo if baxday markii la gaaray isku darka dalka oo hal maamul leh.<ref name=ChapinMetz>[http://countrystudies.us/somalia Helen Chapin Metz, ed. Somalia: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1992.]</ref> Waxaas oo dhan iyadoo ay dhaceen, Ingriisku wuxuu ku dhaqaaqay in uu culays ka soo saaro xulufadii kula jirtay dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka<ref name="Federal">Federal Research Division, ''Somalia: A Country Study'', (Kessinger Publishing, LLC: 2004), p.38</ref> in la siiyo meel gaar ah waa mid ka mid ah meelaha daaqsinka leh ee muhimka ah waxayna ahayd maxmiyad ay u saxiixday boqortooyada Ingiriiska lana saxiixatay Abasiiniya intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1884]] iyo [[1886]], ee gobolka [[Soomaali Galbeed]] oo ay degto Soomaalida Waxayna ka mid ahayd heshiisyo kale ay saxiixday Ingiriiska [[1897]] kaasoo dhigaya in lagu wareejiyo [[Itoobiya]] boqorkii Mililiq labaad taasoo oo uga badashay ciidamada Ingiriiska in laga caawiyo soo afjaridda iska caabinta kaga imaanaysa qabiillo Soomaaliyeed<ref name=Laitin1977>Laitin, David D., ''Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience'', (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), p.73</ref> billoowgii [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]]. Iyadoo ay jirtay in Ingiriisku ku daray shuruud ah in qabiilada reer guuraaga ah ee Soomaalida siiso isxukun laakiin Itoobiya isla markiiba waa ay qabsatay meelahaas،<ref name="Zolberg">Zolberg, Aristide R., et al., ''Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World'', (Oxford University Press: 1992), p.106</ref> Ingriiska wuxuu u soo bandhigay Itoobiya sanadii [[1956]] in uu ka iibsado dhulkii dhulkii uu horay ugu wareejiyay<ref name="Zolberg"/> laakiin dhandhiggaas waxaa lagala horyimid diidmo ah in aysan aqbali karin Itoobiya. Habkaas oo kale, Ingiriisku wuxuu ku wareejiyay <ref>Francis Vallat, ''First report on succession of states in respect of treaties: International Law Commission twenty-sixth session 6 May-26 July 1974'', (United Nations: 1974), p.20</ref> NFD {{En|Northern Frontier District}} taasoo ay degaan Soomaalida [[Kiinya]] waxayna dhegaha ka furaysatay aftidii horay looga qaaday gobolkaas taasoo cadaynaysay ku biirista Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya ee cusub.<ref>David D. Laitin, ''Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience'', (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), p.75</ref> Sanadii [[1958]], waxaa la sameeyay [[Jabuuti]] ee dariska ah, taasoo loo yaqiinay magaca ah Dhulka Faransiiska ee Soomaaliya waqtigaas, afti meesha ay aadayaan ah in ay Soomaaliya inteeda kale ku biiraan ama faransiiska uu sii hayo, natiijadiina waxay nqotay in uu faransiiska sii hayo uuna ilaaliyo. waxaana taa ugu wacnaa cafarta oo sidaa doonaysay, taasoo ah dadka ugu badan Jabuuti in ay sii hoos joogaan faransiiska waxaa sidaas oo kale dalbaday carabta iyo kuwii reer yurub ee deganaa dhulkaas ee la yimid isticmaarka. Laakiin inta kale ee asal ahaan soomaalida ah waxay rabeen midnimo soomaaliyeed si loo mideeyo dhulweynaha Soomaaliyeed ee lakala qaybiyay waxaana ugu cadcadaa "Maxamuud Xarbi" Raysulwasaare gudoomiye ku xigeenka golaga xukunka Soomaalida Faransa. waana Soomaali qabiilka Ciisaha, laakiin maxamuud xarbi waa la dilay aftida ka dib laba sano ka dibib burburkii diyaarad. Waxay [[Jabuuti]] ka qaadatay madax banaani [[Faransiiska]] sanadkii [[1977]] [[Xasan Guuleed Abtidoon]], wuxuu ahaa Soomaali ay taageeraysay Faransiiska, Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay ee jabuuti kaasoo xukumayay [[1977]] ilaa [[1991]].<ref name=Barrington2006>Barrington, Lowell, ''After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States'', (University of Michigan Press: 2006), p.115</ref> [[File:Mogadishu.png|thumb|right|195px|]] [[Juun|Juun]] sanadii [[1960]] waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhowaaqay [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] madax banaani ay siisay [[Boqortooyo|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] waxaa iyana shan maalmood ka dib qaatay madax banaanida [[Dhulka Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya]],<ref>Encyclopaedia Britannica, ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica'', (Encyclopaedia Britannica: 2002), p.835</ref> isla maamintaas waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhowaaqay dhismaha dawlada Soomaaliyeed oo mid ah labada qaybood ee Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska waxaa taa ka horeeyay samaynta xuduudaha taasoo ay sameeyeen Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska. [[Cabdullaahi Ciise]] Maxamuud, Raysulwasaaraha Soomaaliya xilligii Ingiriisku haysatay ee u dhaxaysay [[1956]] iyo ilaa sanadkii [[1960]],<ref name="buluugleey.com">[http://www.buluugleey.com/warkiidanbe/Governance.htm The dawn of the Somali nation-state in 1960, Buluugleey.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htwin/articles/20060809.aspx The making of a Somalia state ;Strategypage.com 2006-08-09]</ref> Xukuumaddii ugu horaysay ee qaran soomaaliyeed (ku meel gaar), [[Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan|Aadan Cabdulle Cusmaan (aadan cadde)]] madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay wuxuuna<ref>[http://www.mudulood.com/PageAadan%20Cabdulle%20Cusman.html Aden Abdullah Osman the founding father; Mudulood.com]</ref[http://www.mudulood.com/OpinionPage546.htm The founding father of Somalia Mudulood.com]</ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080223085204/http://www.markacadeey.com/june/aden_cadde_20070609_1.htm A tribute to the Somalia founding father, its president in 1960s; Markacadeey.com]</ref> C/rashiid Cali Sharmarke Raysulwasaare u doortay, kaasoo dib dambe noqday madaxweyne intii u dhaxaysay sanadii [[1967]] ilaa [[1969]]. [[Luuliyo|labaatankii luuliyo]] sanadii [[1961]] waxaa la qoray [[Dastuur]] Soomaaliyeed ee cusub kaasoo uu shacabka u codeeyay wuxuu ahaa nuqulkii ugu horeeyay ee dastuurka mid la qoray sanadii [[1960]].<ref>Greystone Press Staff, ''The Illustrated Library of The World and Its Peoples: Africa, North and East'', (Greystone Press: 1967), p.338</ref> ===Dawladdii Hantiwaddaaga=== Waxaa sii socday dagaal beeleedyada iyo isfahan darrida u dhaxeyasa jufooyinka Soomaalida biloowgii midowga taasoo ka dhalatay raadidkii isticmaarka arrintaas oo jirtay xitaa intii uu jiray isticmaarka.<ref name="buluugleey.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=The making of Somalia, Somaliland, Somalilandtimes.net |url=http://www.somalilandtimes.net/2003/139/13904.shtml |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2019-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220232426/http://www.somalilandtimes.net/2003/139/13904.shtml |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928161509/http://www.radiobuuhoodle.com/goodgovernance.htm The beginning of the Somalia state Radiobuuhoodle.com 2009-02-25]</ref><ref>[http://media.maps.com/magellan/Images/SOMCLA-W2.gif Historical self-governing clan factors in present day Somalia]</ref> sandii [[1967]] wuxuu noqday Maxamed Xaaji IBraahin "Cigaal" Raysulwasaare waana xil uu u doortay C/rashiid Cali Sharmarke kaasoo Xilikas ahaa madaxweynaha dalka. Cigaal wuxuu dib ka noqday madaxweynaha [[Somaliland]] ee dhacda woqooyi galbeed Soomaaliya taasoo isku magacaawday dawlad madaxbanaan mana helin wax aqoonsi ah. Kadib dilkii Madaxweyne Cabdirashiid [[1969]] waxaa xukunka dalka la wareegay talis ciidan awoodii kula wareegay [[Inqilaab Ciidan]] saraakiisha kala ah [[Janaraal]] [[Salaad Gabayre Kadiye]] iyo [[Sarreeye Guuto]] [[Maxamed Siyaad Barre]] iyo taliyaha ciidanka booliska Jaamac Qoorsheel waxaa xukunka la wareegay Siyaad Barre halka uu noqday Qoorsheel raysulwasaare. Wuxuu sameeyay ciidanka Hantiwadaag barnaamijyo baahsan ee la howlgaliyay kooxo kuwaasoo u dhaqaaqay la dagaalanka wax qoris la'anta dalka waxaana si muuqada u kordhay wax qorista iyo aqrinta laba bilaabo 5% ilaa 55% bilowgii sideetameeyadii qarnigii tagay. Isqabqabsi dabadii waxaa la toogtay Gabayre. [[File:2016_04_Eid_Preparions-11_(27469932863).jpg|thumb|right|196px|]] [[Kalitalis]] Dawladdii Malatariga Soomaaliya luuliyo sanadii [[1976]] dhistay [[XHKS|Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed]] {{en|Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party}} kaasoo xukunka haystay laga soo bilaabo markii la sameeyay ilaa uu dhaco taliskii malatariga diseembar sanadii [[1990]] Jannaayo [[1991]], kaasoo ay awood u sheegteen ''Jabhadda Dimoqraadiga Badbaadinta Soomaaliyeed'' {{en|SSDF}} iyo ''Golaha Midnimada Soomaaliyeed'' {{en|United Somali Congress}} iyo ''Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaliyeed'' {{en|SNM}} Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaliyeed {{en|Somali Patriotic Movement}} marka lagu daro jabahadaha mucaaradka ah ''Dhaq Dhaqaaqa Dimoqraadiga Soomaliyeed'' {{en|Somali Democratic Movement}} iyo Isbahaysiga Dimoqraadiga Soomaaliyeed {{en|Somali Democratic Alliance}} ugu dambayn ''Kooxda Maanifesto'' {{en|Somali Manifesto Group}}. Sanadihii [[1977]] iyo [[1978]] Soomaaliya waxay duulaan ku qaaday [[Itoobiya]] iyadoo ku duulaysa magaca [[Dagaalkii xoraynta ogaden|Xoraynta Soomaaligalbeed]] taasoo ciidamada Soomaaliya ku dadaalayeen in ay dib u mideeyaan dhulalkii Soomaalida oo ay u arkaysay in isticmaarku qaybiyay siiyayana qaybo ka mid ah dalal kale si aan qax ahayn. Biloowgii hore, Soomaaliya waxay qaadatay dhabaha nabadda ah ee [[Diblumaasiyad]] dhamaan [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kiinya]] si loo helo xal nabad ah arrimaha la xiriira labada dhinac laakiin dadaalkii diblomaasiyadeed wuxuu ku dhamaaday fashil. Soomaaliya waxay samaysay islamarkaana u diyaar garoobaysa dagaal dhab ah iyadoo tijaabisay xal diblomaasiyadeed, dhisidda Jabhadda Xoraynta Soomaali Galbeed {{en|WSLF}} ama Western Somali Liberation Front, waxay ku dadaashay in ay u dhaqaaqdo soo celinta gobolka Soomaali galbeed si awood ah. Soomaaliya waxay u dhaqantay si gooni ah iyadoo aan ula laaban mujtamaca dunida ee aan ogolayn dib u xadaynta xuduudaha taasuu ka tagay isticmaarka, halka uu diiday [[Midowga Sofiyet]] iyo Isbahaysiga Waarso in ay Soomaaliya caawiyaan, iskaba daa in ay caawiyaane waxay ku dhaqaaqeen arrin lid ku ah taasoo ah in ay taageereen [[Itoobiya]]. Isla goortaas wuxuu isku dayay Midowgii Sofiyetiga kaasoo ah midka siiya labada dhinac hubka in uu dhexdhexaadiyo si loo helo xabad joojin u dhaxeysa labada dawladood. Ciidanka Soomaaliya waxaa u suurta gashay usbuucii ugu horeeyay ee dagaalka in ay isku fidiyaan bartamaha iyo koofurta gobolka, dagaalka intii uu socday ciidamada Soomaaliya waxay gaareen guulo waaweyn kana adkaadeen ciidmada Itoobiya wixii ciidamada Itoobiya ka haray waxay isku uruursadeed deegaanka Sidaamo. Sibteembar sanadii [[1977]] Soomaaliya waxaa u suuragashay qabsashada 90% ee gobolka waxaa kaloo u suurtoowday qabsashada magaalooyin istiraatiiji muhiim ah, sida magaalada Jigjiga sidoo kale wuxuu go'doomiyay magaalada Diridhabe Kaasoo hakiyay isu socodkii tariinada ka imaanayay [[Jabuuti]]. Kadib go'doomintii magaalada Harar wuxuu [[Midowga Sofiyet]] usoo jeestay taageero malatari taasoo la xiriirrta arrinta ka soo cusboonaatay geeska afrika, waxaa la diyaariyay 18,000 ciidamo ka imaanaya [[Kuuba|Kuubaan]] 2,000 iyo Yementa Koofureed iyadoo lagu daray 1,500 khubaro ka imanaysa Midowga Sofiyet haystana diyaarado iyo taangiyo Sofiyet ah. Hor istaagaas awoodaas ballaaran ciidanka Soomaaliya waxaa lagu qasbay dib u gurasho iyo in uu codsi u dirsado [[Maraykanka]]. Iyadoo uu nidaamkii [[Jimmy Carter]] isu diyaariyay garab siinta Soomaaliya dagaalka intii uu socday Sofiyetku si degdeg ah bay u caawiyeen Itoobiya waxaana laga baqay in uu sii xumaado xiriirka. sidaa daraadeed Maraykanka faraha ayuu ka qaaday in uu Soomaaliya caawiyo waxaa dibudhac ku yimid isbahaysigii uu ku lahaa maraykanku [[Bariga Dhexe]] iyo [[Asia]]. Biloowgii [[1978]], waxaa ku biloowday xukuumaddii Soomaaliya saamaynta luminta hanasho dhab ah arrimaha gobolka. Waxay sidoo kale muujiyeen inta badan shacabka Soomaaliyeed mid galay xaalad quus sababo la xiriira hoos imaanshaha ciidankii kali taliska waqti dheer iyadoo aan la gaaraynin wax horumar ah la taaban karo, waxaana arrinkaas xoojiyay dhamaadkii dagaalkii qaboobaa, waxay sidoo kale Itoobiya taageero siisay Jabhadihii ku kacsanaa Soomaaliya. [[File:Abdisalamomer1.png|thumb|right|195px|Abdi-Salam]] Sanadii [[1990]] waxaa la soo saaray sharci ka mamnuucaya gaar ahaan dadka degan [[Muqdisho]] in ay kulmaan saddex ama afar in kabadan. Waxaa dhammaan hareeyay hay'adaha dawladda shidaal yari sababtay joogsiga gaadiidka dadweynaha taasoo saamayn ku yeelatay danaha xukuumadda iyo qaybaha guud iyo kan gaarka ah. Waxaa ssidoo kale dhacday dhibaato la xiriirta [[Sicir Barar]] taasoo ay dhib ku qabeen gobolada kororka sicir bararka muuqda iyadoo ay shacabku awoodi waayeen helitaanka quutul daruuriga heer ay gaartay Baastadii talyaaniga ee caadiga ahayd xilligaas ilaa iyo Shan [[Dollar|Doollar]] kiiladii. halka uu gaaray qaadka [[Qaad|Jaadka]] kaasoo laga keeno [[Kiinya]] shan doollar Majintii. Waxaa qiime jab ku yimid shilinka Soomaaliga ilaa la gaaro heer shilimaadkii lagu daadiyo wadooyinka si ay kuwa haysta iskaga tuuraan halkii ay haysan lahaayeen taasoo u muuqatay in uusan lahayn wax faaiida ah ee la xusi karo. Waxaa sidoo kale soo if baxay [[Suuqa Madoow]] ee sarifka lacagaha qalaad taasoo ka dhalatay in aysan jirin socodsiinta lacagaha ee ku filan sarifka lacagaha qalaad taasoo ay bebersoto [[Shilin Soomaali|Shilinka Soomaaliga]]. Mugdigana wuxuu noqday mid ku baahay magaalada oo dhan marka la gaaro habeenkii taasina waxay ka timid dawladda oo iibisay dab dhaliyeyaashii korontada. Waxaa ajaanibta la dul dhigay waardiye adadag ilaa maa xilligii ay joogeen. Sidoo kale dawladda waxay soo saartay go'aano lagu hagaajinayo joojinta dal ka saarista, ama tahriibinta lacagaha ajnabiga ah. lama ogolayn adeegsiga lacagaha qalaad hab ka baxsan sharciga sida uu qabo marka laga reebo saddex hoteel oo ay maamusho dawladda. Waxaa sidoo kale mamnuuc aha sawir qaadis meelo badan iyadoo aysan muuqan wax cadayn kara in aan sawiro la qaadi karin ee ku saabsan safar iyo joogitaanka. Wixii ka dhacay Soomaaliya [[1988]] malaha waa ka sii foolxun. Markii Hargeysa la duqeeyay ayaa dadkii deganaa lagu khasbay inay qaxaan. Askarta ayaa markaas miinooyin ku aasay guryihii laga tagay. Markii uu dagaalku dhammaaday ayay qaxootigii dib u laabteen, balse waxaa lagu naafeeyay ama lagu dilay qaraxyo qarsoon.<ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20000508/Land-Mines-Weighing-the-Cost/ Land Mines—Weighing the Cost]</ref> ===Xasuuqii Isaaq ama Xasuuqii Somaliland=== ::''Sidoo kale eeg: [[Xasuuqi Isaaq|XasuuqiI Isaaq]]'' Awooddii akhlaaqeed ee dowladdii Maxamad Siyaad (jaale siyaad) si tartiib tartiib ah ayay u lumisay, iyadoo Soomaali badan ay ku hungoobeen nolosha xukunka militariga. Bartamihii 1980-meeyadii, dhaqdhaqaaqyo iska caabin ah oo uu taageerayay maamulkii shuuciga ahaa ee Derg ee Itoobiya ayaa ka billowday waddanka oo dhan.jaale siyaad wuxuu kujawaabey isagoo amrey in talaabooyin ciqaab ah laga qaado kuwa uu u arko inay gudaha ka taageerayaan jabhadaha, gaar ahaan gobolada waqooyi. Qabqabashada waxaa ka mid ahaa in la duqeeyo magaalooyin, xarunta maamulka waqooyi-galbeed ee Hargeysa, oo ahayd xaruntii Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM), oo ka mid ahayd aagagga la bartilmaameedsaday 1988. Duqeyntan waxaa hoggaaminayey Jeneraal Maxamed Saciid Xersi Morgan, wiilka uu sodogga u yahay Barre. Sida laga soo xigtay Abou Jeng iyo aqoonyahanno kale, xukunkii taliskii jaale siyaad waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay cadaadis arxan darro ah oo lala beegsaday qabiilka Isaaq. Max’ed Xaaji Ingiriis iyo Chris Mullin waxay caddeeyeen in qabqabashadii maamulkii Maxamad siyaad ee ka dhanka ahaa Dhaqdhaqaaqii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed ee fadhigiisu ahaa Hargeysa lala beegsaday beelweynta Isaaq oo ay ka tirsan yihiin inta badan xubnihii SNM. Waxay ku tilmaamayaan isku haynta inay tahay xasuuqii Isaaq ama xasuuqii Hargeysa. Baaritaan ay sameysay Qaramada Midoobay ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay in dambiga xasuuqa uu ahaa "mid ay maleegtay, qorsheysay oo ay ka fulisay Dowlada Soomaaliya dadka Isaaqa". Tirada dadka rayidka ah ee ku waxyeeloobay waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inta udhaxeysa 50,000–100,000 sida laga soo xigtay ilo wareedyo kala duwan, halka wararka qaarna ay ku qiyaasayaan wadarta dhimashada dadka rayidka ah inay kor u dhaafeyso 200,000 oo rayid Isaaq ah. Dhimashooyinkaas, taliskii Barre wuxuu duqeeyey oo burburiyey magaalooyinka labaad iyo saddexaad ee ugu weyn Soomaaliya, Hargeysa iyo Burco siday u kala horreeyaan. Tani waxay u barakicisay dad lagu qiyaasey 400,000 oo dadka deegaanka ah oo u qaxay Hartasheikh ee dalka Itoobiya; shaqsiyaad kale oo gaaraya 400,000 ayaa iyaguna gudaha ku barakacay. Dagaalkii ka soo horjeedka ee taliskii Barre ee ka dhanka ahaa SNM wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday saldhigii rayidka ee kooxda mucaaradka, isaga oo isu beddelay xasuuq xasuuq ka dhan ah beesha Isaaq. Tani waxay horseeday fowdo iyo ololeyaal dagaal oo ay gaystaan ​​maleeshiyooyin kala jabay, ka dibna awooddii heer degmo la wareeray. Cadaadiskii maamulkii Barre kuma koobnayn Isaaqa oo keliya, maxaa yeelay wuxuu bartilmaameedsanayay qabaa’illada kale sida Hawiye. Taliskii Barre wuxuu burburay Janaayo 1991. Intaa kadib, markii xaalada siyaasadeed ee Somaliland xasiloonayd, dadkii barakacay waxay ku noqdeen guryahoodii, maleeshiyooyinkii waa laga daad gureeyay ama waxaa lagu daray ciidanka, tobanaan kun oo guri iyo meherado ahna dib ayaa looga soo dhisay burburka. ==Ismaaciil Mire== Ismaaciil Mire, oo abaanduulkii guud ka ahaa dawladda boqortooyada [[Diiriye Guure]], wuxuu ka qaybgalay dagaalaha oo dhan ee Daraawiishta ka qayb galay. Wuxuu u talin jirey colkii [[Shiikhyaale]]. Goobaha uu ka qayb galay waxaa ka mid ah, cagaarweyne, iyo dagaalkii Jigjiga, iyo dagaalki Beledweyne, iyo dagaalkii Berbera, iyo dagaalkii Dul Madobe, iyo dagaalkii Jidbaale, iyo dagaalkii Afbakayle iyo meelo kale. Wuxuu kale ka horjeestay dagaalaha ee shirqool ka jiri jirey, oo ka mid ah Canjeel, Gurdumi iyo qaar kale. 1920kii, Ismaaciil Mire waxaa lagu xidhay xabsi. ===Darwiishia iyo Qusuusi=== Qarnigii 19ka ilaa tobanaadka 1920gii, Dalka Soomaalka waxaa hoogaaminjirey dawladda Daraawiishta, oo si kale loo yaqaano Darwiishia. Darwiishia dawladeeda waxaa loo yaqaan jirey qusuusi ama khusuusi, ee waxaa ka mid ahaa shakhsiyaddan: {{columns-list|colwidth=35em| * [[Ismail Mire]] * [[Macalin Cagadhiig]] *[[Shire Canbool]], oo Dhulbahante ahaa *[[Cartan Boos]] oo Jamac Siyad ahaa *[[Afqarshe]], oo Adan-Naleeye ahaa *[[Dhowre]], oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Obsiiye Magan]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Aw Jaamac Seed Magan]] oo Cali-Geri aaha * [[Oogle Magan]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Muse Waranle]] oo Reer-Hagar ahaa *[[Haji Firhad]], fiqishini HabarGidir *[[Haji Sudi]], Isaaq Aadan Madoobe * [[Seeraar Shawe]] oo Jamac Siyaad ahaa * [[Nur Xiddig]] oo Wacays Adan ahaa * [[Xirsi Jeedlade]] oo Qayaad ahaa * [[Haji Mursal Aw Saacid]] oo Dhulbahante ahaa * [[Duale Ileeye]] oo Jamac Siyaad ahaa * [[Cismaan Boos]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Jama Lugay]] oo Cali-Geri ahaa * [[Aw Cabbas]] oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Abbas Aw Muse]], oo Baharsame ahaa * [[Hussein Ajuuraan]], oo Dhulbahante ahaa (oo loo naanaystay Agararan)<ref>http://www.kaiserscross.com/188001/536101.html</ref> * [[Ahmed Tage]], oo baharsame ahaa * [[Abshir Dhoore]], majeerteen ahaa * [[Nur Hashi]] warsangeli ahaa *[[Ismail Khaire]], warsangeli ahaa *[[Xooshdheere]], ali geri ahaa *[[Farah Dacay]], baharsame ahaa * [[Hirsi Akaal]], marehan ahaa }} [[File:Somlangbooks.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Bugaag Somali Lugad]] ===Burburka Dawladdii Hantiwaddaaga=== Waxaa dhacay sanadkii [[1991]] isbedel xididaystay nolosha siyaasadeed ee Soomaaliya. taasoo u suurta gashay ciidamo ka kooban beelaha dega waqooyiga iyo koofurta hubaysan oo taageera ka helaya [[Itoobiya]] in ay ridaan dawladdii Siad Barre Max'ed Siyaad Barre. Kulanno farabadan ee dhexmaray Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed [[SNM]] iyo odayaasha beelaha ree woqooyiga, waxa ku dhawaaqeen qaybta woqooyi ee Soomaaliya ([[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya]] horay loo oranjiray) in ay goosteen goosasho hal dhinac ah Soomaaliya inteeda kale iskuna magacaabay [[Somaliland|Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland]] ([[Ingiriis]]: ''Republic of Somaliland'') May 1991. Ka sokoow go'itaanka ay Somaliland goosatay iyo deganaashaha ay haysato markii loo eego koofurta way waysay aqoonsi heer caalami ah xitaa haba ahaatee Itoobiya.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1367554.stm Somaliland citizens ask to be recognised as a state, BBC News]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1361394.stm Somaliland votes for independence, BBC News]</ref> [[File:2012_01_12_MGD_Stadiums_a_(8394617014).jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Jannaayo sanadkii [[1991]] Waxaa doortay "Cali Mahdi Max'ed" koox soomaali ah una doorteen in uu noqdo madaxweyne ku meel gaar ah ee dalka ilaa laga gaaro shir qarameed kulmiyay dhammaan qaybaha ku lugta leh ee bishii xigtay Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti si dalka madaxweyne loo doorto. Laakiin doorashadii "Cali Mahdi Maxamed" waxaa si weyn uga horyimid biloowgii hore dhamaan Jen [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] gudoomiyihii ururka USC iyo C/raxman Tuur hogaamiyihii SNM. مtaasoo dhalisay kala qaybsanaan xagga siyaasadda ah ee u dhaxaysay USC iyo SNM, isku dhacyadii u dhexeeyay USC waxay burbur xoogleh gaarsiisay magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo meelaha ku dhow dhow. [[File:Elecmalpun.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Dagaalkii sokeeye wuxuu sabay, kaasoo wali raadkiisu muuqdo, burbur ku yimaada wax soosaarka beeraha iyo gaarsiinta cuno koofurta Soomaaliya waana sabata ugu weyn ee ka dhalisaya dagaalka dalka taasoo meelaha xasaasiga ay tartan ugu jiraan beelaha waxaa kaloo dheeraad ah qabsashada iyo meelaha leh ilaha dhaqaale iyo daaqa. Jemes Bayshb oo ahaa safiirkii ugu dambeeyay ee Soomaaliya wuxuu ku tilmaamay xaaladdii ka taagnayd iyo dagaaladii sokeeye halkaas mid ah "biyo ku dagaalan iyo meelaha daaqsinka sidoo kale xoolaha waxaa horay la isu adeegsan jiran [[Falaar|falaaro]] iyo [[Sayf|Sayfaf]] hadda waxaa la isu adeegsadaa [[Qoro|Boobe]]."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090309030719/http://hprsite.squarespace.com/remember-somalia-112007 |It is a competition that used to be fought out with arrows and sabers. Now it is fought out with AK-47s Hprsite.squarespace.com 2007-11-16]</ref> Wuxuu sababay dagaalkii sokeeye in ay dhacdo [[Gaajo]] taasoo salfatay ku dhowaad 300,000 Soomaali taasoo ku qasabtay [[Golaha Amniga Qaramada Midoobay]] in uu soo saaro qaraar kaasoo tilmaamaya xabad joojin sanadkii [[1992]] iyo dirista ciidamo ammaanka ilaaliya ee heer caalami ah waxaa soomaaliya ku soo hormaray (UNOSOM I) badbaadinta xaaladda biniaadamnimo ee dalka.<ref>[http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_20244.asp United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) 1992]. Australian War Memorial.</ref> Waxay ahayd adeegsiga awood ciidan marka loo eego ciidmada ammaanka mid ku kooban isdifaacid naftooda ah taasoo fursad siisay beelaha dirirsanaa in ay sika sii wataan dagaaladoodii hubaysnaa. Ka jawaabidda colaada sii baahaysa iyo burburka xaaladda Biniadamnimo ee ka jirtay Soomaaliya [[Maraykanka]] wuxuu diyaariyay xulufo ciidan ah oo heer caalami ah taasoo ahayd ujeedadeeda nabad ku soo dabaalidda kooforta Soomaaliya iyo xal u helidda xaaladda bini'adamnimo ee halkaas iyo fududaynta gaarista gargaarka biniadamnimo ee qaramada midoobay iyo dalalka deeqda bixiya. Waxay galeen xoogagga xulufada taasoo loo yaqiinay magaca {{En|Unified Task Force ama UNITAF}} diseembar dhexdeedii sanadii [[1992]] ee howlgalkii "Rajo soo celinta" sida uu qabay qaraarkii qaramada midoobay ee tirsigiisu ahaa 794. Waxaa u suurta galay ciidmadii caalamka ka yimid in ay dib u soo celiyaan nidaamkii iyo yaraynya baahidii taasoo dhib u keentay dalka ilaa ay ka baxaan ciidmada maraykanka maajo sanadkii [[1993]] waxaa lagu bedelay (UNOSOM II) ee [[Maajo|Afartii Maajo]] sida uu qabay qaraarkii ka soo baxay qaramada midoobay ee tirsigiisu ahaa 837 ee soo baxay [[Maarso|26 Marso]] isla sanadkaas. Dhanka kale wuxuu u arkay [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] ciidanka nabad ilaalinda ee caalamka in uu qatar ku yahay asiga iyo ciidankiisa wuxuuna siiyay amar maleeshiyo hubaysan in la weeraro saldhigyada ciidamada Pakistan ee ka howlgala Muqdisho taasoo ay ka dhalatay dhimashada 80 qof jinsiyada kala duwan ah ee ka tirsan ciidamada nabad ilaalinta, wuuna socday dagaalka ay ka dhintaan 19 ciidan maraykan ah iyo laba kale oo Pakistan ah iyo mid kale ee Maaliisiya u dhashay oo dhammaantood ah ciidamada nabad ilaalinta sidoo kale waxaa jirtay 1,000 qof ee ka mid ah maleeshiyada Soomaalida hubaysnaa intii u dhaxaysay saddexdii iyo afratii ee bishoo Oktoobar [[1993]] kaasoo taariikhdu ugu magac dartay dagaalkii "Dagaalkii Muqdisho" taasoo ku qasabtay qaramada midoobay howlgal "Gaashaan mida" ciidan ka kooban Maraykanka Masar Pakistan [[Maarso|saddexdii maarso]] sanadkii [[1995]], dabadeed Robert ogle ayaa ku dhawaaqay in aan dagaal toos ah lala gali doonin [[Maxamed Faarax Caydiid]] laakiin la baal siibi doono taasoo macnaheedu ahaa in laga horkeeno saaxiibadii ilaaa uu markii dambe lagu dilay dagaal ay iskaga horyimideen qaar ay xulufo ahaayeen [[1996]] Waxay diiradda saareen [[Burcad Badeed|burcad badeeda soomaalida]] xeebaha Soomaaliya taasoo ka dhalatay burburka iyo maqnaashaha dawlad dhexe Kadib dagaalkii sokeeye,<ref>Biegon, Rubrick. Somali Piracy and the International Response 2009-01-29 Foreign Policy in Focus [http://www.fpif.org/articles/somali_piracy_and_the_international_response] retrieved 2010-02-08</ref> Dhibaatadaan waxay ka soo if baxday dekadaha ku yaal xeebaha Soomaaliya.<ref>Piracy Off Coast Not Only Criminal, But Very Successful, Security Council Hears, AllAfrica.com, retrieved February 8, 2010 [http://allafrica.com/stories/200911191008.html]</ref> Waxayna ka dhalatay ka dhiidhin ay ka dhiidhiyeen kalluumaysatada soomaaliyeed ee ka kalluumaysta xeebaha sida: Ayl, [[Kismaayo]], Xarardheere, Mareeg iyagoo weerar ku qaaday maraakiibta ajnabiga ah ee ka kalluumaysata badda soomaaliya khayraadka kalluunka ee biyo goboleedka markii uu burburay taliskii dhexe ee Soomaaliya,<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Tharoor, Ishaan. How Somalia’s fishermen became pirates. 2009-04-18 |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1892376,00.html |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2013-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826205905/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1892376,00.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.spectator.co.uk/essays/all/3061246/part_2/what-i-learned-from-the-somali-pirates.thtml Hartley, Aiden. What I learned from Somali pirates 2008]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Taasoo ay waayeen kalluumaysato badan waxa ay heli jireen. Sidoo kale, waxay tilmaameen qayb ka mid ah masuuliyiinta soomaalida howlaha burcad badeedka waxaa sii kiciyay [[Dhulgariir|Dhul Gariirkii Badweynata Hindiya]] taariikhdu marka ay ahayd 26 [[Diseembar]] ee sanadkii [[2004]], kaasoo sababay mowjadi [[Tsunami]] weyn burburisay in badan oo tuulooyinka ku yaal xeebaha iyo doomankoodii.<ref>Lehr, Peter and Lehmann, Henrick, Violence at Sea: Piracy in the Age of Global Terrorism, p. 3</ref> Qaar ka mid ah waxay leeyihiin howlaha burcad badeednimada Soomaaliya waa "howlo dhaqaale ee la maalgashado" ee dalka, waana "mid kaabta" dhaqaalaha [[Puntland]].<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/apr/10/piracy-somalia Lehr, Peter. Warships won't stop pirates. The Guardian 2009-04-10]</ref><ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2009/06/2009614125245860630.html Adow, Mohammed. The pirate kings of Puntland. Aljazeera. 2009-06-17, retrieved 2010-02-08]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7623329.stm Harper, Mary. Life in Somalia's pirate town BBC News 2008-09-18]</ref> Waxaa la rumaysanyahay in la soo iibsaday qiyaastii 25,000 50,000, [[Adoon]] ee Baantuu ah, [[Musanbiig]] iyo [[Tansaaniya]], intii u dhexaysay sanadihii [[1800]] ilaa [[1890]], dad soomaali ah suuqii [[Sansibaar]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111016024128/http://www.cal.org/co/bantu/somali_bantu.pdf The Somali Bantu: Their History and Culture 2018-12-05]</ref> Bantuuga soomalida waa ka duwantahay, jir ahaan, dhaqan ahaan, way iska joogeen iyakoo kala daadsan dalka ilaa la soo gaaro qarnigii sagaal iyo tobanaad ilaa iyo hadda.<ref>L. Randol Barker et al., ''Principles of Ambulatory Medicine'', 7 edition, (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 2006), p.633</ref> waxaa la rumaysanyahay in tirada Baantuuga Soomaaliya uu gaarayso 900,000 qof ka hor dagaalkii sokeeye,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3020110.stm Tanzania accepts Somali Bantus]". BBC News. June 25, 2004.</ref> waxaa laga yaabaa in ay isdhimeen, gaar ahaan maxaa yeelay 12,000 qaxooti ee ku sugan [[Maraykanka]] laga soo bilaabo [[2003]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090519140201/http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2003/February/20030205164125sellis@pd.state.gov0.5013697.html Somali-Bantu Refugees to Find New Lives in United States] America.gov. 02/05/2003.</ref> sidoo kale tanzaaniya oo siisay dhalasho qaar ka mid ah waxay ku laabteen dhulkii awoowe yaashood.<ref>[http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/UNHCR/8ad8ca67e1bba9703647c92f12b7db6d.htm Somali Bantus gain Tanzanian citizenship in their ancestral land]</ref> [[File:Mogadishu_city_centre_-_1960s.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Moqadishu 1960s]] Bartamihii sanadkii [[2011]] waxaa la waayay laba xilli raabaad ee isku xigay taasoo sababtay in ay dhacdo [[Abaar]] muddo 60 sano laga joogo. Waxaa isi soo tartay abaarta waxana ka dhashay in la waayo wax dalag ah xoolihii oo le'day sicir barar ku yimid biyaha shidaalka iyo cunada, waxay sabatay barakac wadareed ee koofur Soomaaliya taasoo keentay iska hor imaadyada hubaysan, xarumaha quudinta ee dawladaha dariska. bishii Juun ee snadkii 2011, Waxay ku dhawaaqday [[Qaramada Midoobay]] si rasmi ah in ay gaajo daran ka jirto koofurta Soomaaliya, wayna sii korortay ka dib markii ay hayireen kooxaha dagaalka waday si loo gaarsiiyo gargaar dadka halkaa ku tabaalaysan.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111102172007/http://www.africa-eu-partnership.org/node/2158 The worst drought in 60 years in Horn Africa, Africa and Europe in Partnership]</ref> dhanka kale, dawladda soomaaliya waxay dhistay hay'ad qaran ee gargaar, taasoo ka kooban wasiiro badan ku howlan fududayn saamaynta abaarta ay ku reebtay dadk,<ref>[http://www.raxanreeb.com/?p=102255 SOMALIA: Government names national drought committee] {{Wayback|url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/?p=102255 |date=20111109180731 }}. Raxanreeb.com (2011-07-04). Retrieved on 2011-12-15.</ref> == '''Un Tiroka''' - 706 == ==Boqolkiiba IMF== *'''0.04%''' ==Xubin== * [[IMF]] * [[IGAD]] * [[IORA]] * [[ICSID]] * [[Comesa]] * [[CEN-SAD]] * [[Midowga Afrika]] * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * *` * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] * *` * [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]] * *` ==Waadanmaha degaan Somalia== * {{Flag|Somalia}} 15,031,386+ * {{Flag|Bangladesh}} 100+ * {{Flag|Syria}} 6,500+ * {{Flag|Sudan}} 6,000+ * {{Flag|Yemen}} 14,000+ * {{Flag|Pakistan}} 200+ * {{Flag|Norway}} 200+ * {{Flag|Finland}} 200+ * {{Flag|United Kingdom}} 250+ == Siyaasadda == {{Dheeraad|Siyaasadda Soomaaliya}} [[File:Prime minister mahdi gulaidh khadar.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Mahdi Gulaid]] Siyaasadda soomaaliya waxay soo martay isbedbedel badan. Intii uu socday [[Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|Dagaalkii sokeeye]] kaaso dhaliyay burbur farabadan dawladdii Hantiwadaag kadib 1990, [[Soomaalida]] waxaa loo sameeyay [[Dastuur]], [[Federaaliisim|Federaal]] ah iyo Maamul Goboleed kuwaas oo ku yimid qaabab kala duwan, waxaa samaysamay [[Somaliland]] taasoo sheegatay in ay tahay [[Dowlad madax banaan|dawlad madax banaan]] kana go'day Soomaaliya inteeda kale, shacabka Soomaaliyeed raalli kama noqon goosashada Gobolada [[Woqooyi]] ee Soomaaliya 1991. Waxaa sidoo kala samaysmay [[Puntland]] 1998 taasoo ay sameysteen beelaha dega Bari, Bugaal iyo woqooyiga Mudug, waxaa sidoo kale la sameeyay [[Galmudug]] 2010. Horraantii 2000 waxaa la soo dhisay dawlad ku meel gaar ah waxaana madaxweyne ka noqday. Dott [[Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xassan]] (TNG) waxaa ku xigtay dawladii Federaalka ku meelgaarka ahayd ee loo yaqiin (TFG) [[2004]] waxaana madaxweyne ka noqday [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]] taasoo dalka galisay burbur horle waxayna soo galisay dalka ciidamada [[Itoobiya]], [[Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga]] ayaa gobollada koonfurta iyo bartamaha Soomaaliya isku fidiyay taasoo ka caraysiisay [[Itoobiya]] una aragtay fusad ay kula dagaalami karto ficilada ay sameeyeen. Markii meesha laga saaray Maxaakiimta ayaa waxaa soo baxay kooxo la magacbaxay Muqaawamo kana aas aasamay magaalada [[Muqdisho]] intii ay socotay muqaawamada waxaa barbar socday wadahadal UN-ka loo maray kaasoo uu garwadeen ka ahaa Axmed Walad Cabadlla keentayna in laga saaro Itoobiya dalka Soomaaliya bartamihii sanadkii [[2009]]. Waxaa maxaakiimta ka farcamay kooxda [[Al-Shabaab]] taasoo dalka dhibaatadii ka jirtay sii murjisay, taasoo dagaal la gashay dawlad lagu soo dhisay dalka [[Jabuuti]] Madaxweyne ka ahaa [[Sheekh Shariif Axmed]] 2010-2011 dagaal ba'an ku dhexmaray magaalada muqdisho iyo nawaaxigeeda, Madaxweyne Shariif xoogaa rajo ah ayay soo celisay Dawladdiisii loogu magacdaray Midnimo Qaran dawladdaas oo muqdisho ka fogaysay qatartii Al-shabaab iyadoo gacan ka helaysa [[Amisom|AMISOM]] wuxuu diyaariyay doorasho aad loogu riyaaqay,<ref>[http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2013/01/16/260703.html الرئيس الصومالي السابق: من كرسي الرئاسة إلى الدراسة Al-arabiya, 16 Jan 2013]</ref> kaasoo xilka si nabad ah ugu wareejiyay madaxweyne [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]]. Waxaana taa xigay dawladdii uu madaxweynaha ka ahaa [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] taasoo ku guulaysatay isu soo dhoweyn Soomaalida dhexdeeda ah iyo dastuurka oo loo hogaansamo. ==Qaanuunka== Soomaaliya waxaa ka jira saddex nidaam qaanuun oo kala gadisan, waa: Qaanuunka madaniga, [[Shareecada Islaamka]] iyo xoogaa qawaaniin ah oo ay leeyihiin beelaha waana dhaqan soo jireen ah waxaana loo yaqaan Xeer. ===Qaanuunka madaniga=== Iyadoo uu ku dhacay burbur balaaran kaasoo hareeyay nidaamka cadaaladda Soomaaliya ka dib burburkii dawladdii Hantiwadaag laakiin waxaa la isku dayay dib u habaynta iyo dhisidda nidaamka garsoorka Soomaaliya iyo howlgalintiisa dhanka maamul goboleedyada Soomaaliya sida [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Puntland]] kuwaas oo leh xukun hoosaad, laakiin dawladda dhexe waxay diyaarisay bu'da nidaamka garsoorka cusub. Iyadoo ay jirto kala duwanaasho siyaasadeed dhamaan meelahaas hadana waxay ku midaysanyihiin dhamaantood hal qaanuun kaasoo ah mid soo jiray ilaa iyo dawladdii Hantiwadaag isagoo qiraya:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120118151830/http://www.hdcentre.org/files/Somalia%20report.pdf Stateless Justice in Somalia, Dr Andre Le Sage, Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue]</ref> * Jirtaanka dastuur dabooli kara xukuno ku salaysan [[Shareecada Islaamka]] ama fiqiga iyo waxii ay culumada muslimiidta isku waafaqeen sidaa daraadeed xukunada ku salaysan diinta laguma dhaqmo marka laga reebo arrimaha madaniga sida Guurk,a Furriinka, Dhaxalka iyo arrimaha madaniga ah ee kale. * Dhowrista xuquuqul insaanka iyo dhammaan qaanuunada la xiriira. Sidoo kale dastuurka wuxuu damaanad qaadayaa madax bannaanida garsoorka waxaana ka masuul ah Guddiga Adeegga Garsoorka. * Dhismaha adeeg Garsoor oo ka kooban saddex qaybood waana: Maxkamadda Sare, Maxkamadda Racfaanka, iyo Maxkamadaha Gobolada. * In ay shaqeeyaan qawaaniintii la sameeyay ka hor Hantiwadaaga 1969. *qaanuunka madaniga ah wa mid soo jireen aha oo mudo dheer soo socday oo ilaa imka jira dhamaan dadka somlaiyeedna ayku dhaqmaan *somaalia waa waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa libaax waayay garab oo waraabayaal badani haleen *waxaa somalia ay iska difaaci kartaa cadawgeega marka ay usoo Hantiwadaag dad wax bartay oo aqoon sare leh oo laga ilaaliyo ubaxa soo kacaaya qabyaalada ===Shareecada=== [[File:Sa white sesame seeds.jpg|thumb|right|193px|Beeraha Somalia]] [[Shareecada Islaamka]] waxay ka gashay kaalin lama huraan ah nolosha mujtamaca Soomaaliyeed, waxayba ahayd shareecada tiirka aasaaska ah ee laga tusaale qaato qawaaniinta marka la qorayo dastuur ee ka mid ah dastuurodii hore kuwaas oo la sameeyay intii ay jirtay nolosha ku salaysan siyaasadda,<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic, Article 8, p.6 |url=http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2010-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215171406/http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> sidaa daraadeed howl kasta waxay ku salaysnayd shareecada gaar ahaan howlaha madaniga ah sida guurka, furriinka, dhaxalka iyo waxyaabaha la xiriira qoyska; laakiin arrimahaas waxbaa iska bedelay dagaalkii sokeeye dabadii iyadoo ay soo baxeen maxkamado shareecada islaamka taasoo ku faaftay magaalooyin farabadan iyo deegaano ka mid ah Soomaaliya. Waxay noqotay kaalinta maxaakimta islaamiga taasoo aan horay looga baran: * Soo rogista xukunno arrimo kala gadisan; Madani iyo Ciqaab. * Abaabulka maleeshiyo iyo ciidamo u xilsaaran qabashada dambiilayaasha iyo joojinta waxyaabaha qaanuunka ka baxsan. * Haynta maxaabiista ilaa uu xukun kaga dhaco inta laga xukumayo. Samaysanka maxaakimta shareecada kuwaas oo muuqda wax fudud laakiin sida dhabta ah waxay ka samaysanyihiin nidaam maamul kana kooban gudoomiyaha maxkamadda ku xigeenka gudoomiyaha iyo afar qaalli. kuma koobna holaha ciidanka soo gudbinta warbixinno taasoo ah arrinta ugu muhiimsan ee ka kaabaysa xukunada ee ka soo baxa maxkamadaha waxayba u gudbaan xallinta khilaafaadka inta ayasan u gudbin saldhigyada maxaakimta waxaa dheeraad ah dabagalka dambiilayaasha iyo kuwa qaanuunka ku xadgudba kadib maxkamadaha ayaa loo dhiibayaa ee ku shaqada leh dambiyada fudud si ay u sii hayaan. Sidoo kale maxaakimta shareecda waxay sameeyeen dhisidda guddi dhaqaale madaxa bannaan soona uruuriya canshuurta lagu soo rogay ganacsiga iyo guud ahaan goobaha ganacsiga iyo meel kasta oo ganacsi ah. Marso [[2009]] Xukuumaddii ku meelgaarka ahayd waxay ku dhawaaqday in [[Shareecada Islaamka]] tahay halka laga qaato sharciga iyo soo saarista xukunada iyo qawaaniinta dalka.<ref>[http://www.arabnews.com/?page=4&section=0&article=119757&d=1&m=3&y=2009 Shariah in Somalia] – Arab News</ref> ===Xeerka=== Qarniyo badan Soomaalidu waxay adeegsan jireen nidaam sharci ama qaanuun kaasoo ku tiirsan dhaqanka iyo xeerarka jufooyinka sharciyadaasa ama qaanuunkaasa waxay Soomaalidu u taqiinay magaca "Xeer"; waa waxa sida dastuurka oo kale ah ama wax u dhow cahdi kala gadisan qaanuun ahaan mana jirto wakaalad ama hay'ad ama jiho ka msul ah taasoo cadaynaysa waxa uu yahay qaynuunka la raacayo marka uu jiro xukun maxkamadeed, taasoo mar kasta loolala laabanayo maxkamadda xeer beegtida ama golaha jufada si loo xadido xukunka ku haboon iyo sidii loo fulin lahaa. ==Habka maamul== Wuxuu ku salaysanyahay qodobka 49aad ee dastuurka Soomaaliya. Gobol gooni isu taagi karaa ma jiri karo, inta uu Gobol kale uu kuu biirayo, Dowladda Federaalka Somalia ayaa maamulaysa waxaana waajib ku ah gobalkaas inuu ku biiro gobol kale ama dawlad xubin ka ah Dawladda Federaalka mudo labo sano gudahood. ===Magaalooyin=== {{Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya}} [[File:Aden_Abdullah_Airport.jpg|thumb|right|195px|]] Intii uusan dhicin dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya, waxay u qaybsanayd maamul ahaan 18 Gobol, bulburkii kadib waxaa soo baxay maamulo beeleedyo; waxay Soomaaliya ahayd ka hor 1969 intii uusan dhicin inqilaabkii dawladdii rayadka ahayd 8 Gobol oo kaliya, Hantiwadaaga wuxuu ka dhigay 18 gobol kuwaas oo kala ah: 18 gobal 5 kamida waxa gacanta kuhaya [[Somaliland]] oo iskeed ugu dhawaaqday madaxbanaani hal dhinac ah.13 gobal [[Soomaaliya]] gacanta kuhayso ayaa ah; {{columns |width = 150px |gap = 10px |col1 = 1 Bakool<br/>2 [[Banaadir]]<br/>3 [[Bari]]<br/>4 Baay<br/>5 [[Galguduud]] |col2 = 6 [[Gedo]]<br/>7 Hiiraan<br/>8 [[Jubbada Dhexe]]<br/>9 [[Jubbada Hoose]]<br/>10 [[Mudug]]<br/>11 [[Nugaal]] |col3 = 12 [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]]<br/>13 [[Shabeellaha Hoose]]}} Waxaa samaysamay maamul beeleedyo ka dhashay dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya waxaana ka mid ah: Waqooyiga Soomaaliya oo ku dhawaaqan madax banaani hal dhinac ah: [[Somaliland]] taasoo ka dhigan shan gobol sida [[Awdal]], [[Woqooyi Galbeed]], [[Togdheer]] iyo [[Sool]] iyo [[Sanaag]]. Dhamaan caasimadaha 5taas gobal waxa si buuxda gacanta ugu haysa [[Somaliland|Somaliland.]] [[Puntland]] oo ka aasasantay gobalada [[Bari]], [[Mudug]] iyo [[Nugaal]]. ===Habka maamul gobolleedyada=== Habka Federaalka ee lagu muransanyahay Soomaaliya wuxuu dalka u qaybiyay sidaan soo socota: * {{Flag|Soomaaliya}} wuxuu federaalka u qaybiyay. * [[Puntland]] * [[Galmudug]] * [[Jubaland]] * Koonfur Galbeed Soomaaliya * Hiiraan iyo Shabeellaha dhexe Qodobka 49aad ee Dastuurka Soomaaliya wuxuu qorayaa 2 gobol iyo wixii ka badan baa samayn kara Maamul ka tirsan Dawladda Soomaaliya, waxay durbadiiba ka dhalatay caqabad ku aadan xuduudaha maamullada. ==Juqraafiga iyo cimilada== Soomaaliya waxay dhacdaa bariga fog ee qaaradda afrika taasoo u muuqaal eg qaabka ay u samaysanyahay geeska [[Wayil|wayiyisha]] kaasoo ku badan qaaradda afrika sidaa daraadeed waxaa loogu magacdaray [[Geeska Afrika|geeska afrika]]. waxay soomaaliya ku fidsantahay inta u dhaxeysa loolka 10 waqooyi dhigta 49 bari. wuxuu gaarayaa bedka Soomaaliya 637,657 kiiloomitir iskuwareeg ah waxaa ka mid ah 10,320 kiiloomitir iskuwareeg ah waxay biyaha ka hayaan ilaa 1.6% ee bedeka guud ee dalka waxay waxyar uun ka yartahay gobolka [[Texas]] ee maraykanka. Sidoo kale waxay Soomaaliya leedahay xuduud barri ah oo dhererkeedu gaaraya 2,340 km ee kala berta dhammaan [[Jabuuti]] masaafo dhan 58 kiiloometer, [[Itoobiya]] masaafo dhan 1,600 kiiloomiter iyo [[Kiinya]] masaafo dhan 682 km, sidaa daraadeed Soomaaliya waxay leedahay xeebta ugu dheer guud ahaan qaaradda Afrika, iyadoo gaareesya xeebta Soomaaliya dhererkeeda 3,025 kiiloomitir; dhul badeedka Soomaaliya wuxuu gaarayaa ilaa 200 [[Mayl]] Bad gudaha [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. {{Infobox Weather |metric_first= Yes |single_line= Yes |location =[[Soomaaliya]] |lixkor/Jan_Hi_°C =30 |Feb_Hi_°C =30 |Mar_Hi_°C =40 |Apr_Hi_°C =40 |May_Hi_°C =40 |Jun_Hi_°C =40 |Jul_Hi_°C =40 |Aug_Hi_°C =30 |Sep_Hi_°C =30 |Oct_Hi_°C =30 |Nov_Hi_°C =30 |Dec_Hi_°C =30 |Year_Hi_°C =30 |Jan_Lo_°C =15 |Feb_Lo_°C =15 |Mar_Lo_°C =15 |Apr_Lo_°C =15 |May_Lo_°C =15 |Jun_Lo_°C =15 |Jul_Lo_°C =15 |Aug_Lo_°C =15 |Sep_Lo_°C =15 |Oct_Lo_°C =15 |Nov_Lo_°C =15 |Dec_Lo_°C =0 |Year_Lo_°C =15 |Jan_Precip_mm =40 |Feb_Precip_mm =40 |Mar_Precip_mm =40 |Apr_Precip_mm =40 |May_Precip_mm =40 |Jun_Precip_mm =40 |Jul_Precip_mm =50 |Aug_Precip_mm =50 |Sep_Precip_mm =40 |Oct_Precip_mm =40 |Nov_Precip_mm =40 |Dec_Precip_mm =40 |Year_Precip_mm =500 |source = Daraasaad lagu sameeyey - Soomaaliya<ref>[http://countrystudies.us/somalia/34.htm|publisher Countrystudies.us Somalia - Climate 04]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |accessdate = 2009-11-04 }} ==Caafimaadka== Waxaa lagua tiriyaa dhibatada caafimaadka la xiriirta ee dhalmada Soomaaliya kuwa ugu muhimsan caqabadaha iyo dhibaatada ee horyaala ururada caafimaadka ka shaqeeya Soomaaliya sida [[UNICEF]]. waxaana caqabadahaas ugu waaweyn kororka saamiga dhimashada ee haweenka xilliga dhalmada sidoo kale koroka saamiga dhimashada caruurta dhawaan dhaladka ah sababo badan awgeed waxaana ka mid ah engaga neef mareenka iyo [[Malaariyo|malaariyada]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171115191540/https://www.unicef.org/somalia/health.html UNICEF Somalia - Health - Issue 2018-12-05]</ref> ==Waxbarashada== Wasaaradda Waxbarashada iyo Barbaarinta waa hay'adda kaliya ee rasmiga Soomaaliya u qaabishan habaynta socodsiinta waxbarashada dalka, waxay ka faaiidaysaa wasaaradda saami dhan 15% guud ahaan bixinata miisaaniyadda dawladda taasoo loogu talo galay tacliinta. Tacliintu Waxay noqotay mid muhiim u aha dawlad goboleedyada ama Soomaaliya ha ahaatee ama maamul goboleedyada leh madax banaanida gaarka ah, sanadkii [[2006]] waxay noqotay [[Puntland]] meesha labaad ee Soomaaliya marka laga yimaado [[Somaliland]], taasoo ka dhigtay tacliinta aasaasiga ah mid lacag la'an ah halka ay macalimiinta ka qaatada gunadooda bisha maamulka si toos ah.<ref>[http://www.afrol.com/articles/16083 Staff writer Puntland (Somalia) to introduce free primary schools Afrol News 2006]</ref> Sanadii [[2007]] waxaa batay tirada dugsiyada hoose ee soomaaliya 600 dugsi intii uusan dhicin dagaalkii sokeeye ila iyo 1,172 dugsi iyadoo uu kordhay qadar saami dhan 28% wadarta guud ee tirada ardada heerka hoose.<ref name="Basic education survey">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090205150949/http://education.puntlandgovt.com/BES_presentation2007.pdf Basic education survey]</ref> ==Dhaqaalaha== Asigoo socda dagaalkii sokeeye Soomaaliya waxaa u suuro gashay dhisidda dhaqaale soo koraya sanadihii u dambeeyay kuna tiirsan xoolha nool shirakada xawilaada lacagta iyo shirkadaha isgaarsiinta;<ref name="CIA2008"/> daraasad uu ku sameeyay [[Bankiga Aduunka]] sanadkii [[2003]] dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya waxay muujinaysaa koritaanka qaybaha gaarka ah qaab la arki karo gaar ahaan Ganacsiga iyo Xawilaadaha lacagta iyo adeega aasaasiga ah sidaa daraadeed waxay gaartay in ay ku hormarto qaybaha muhimka ah sida xoolaha beeraha iyo kalluumaysiga,<ref name="world bank 2003">[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/03/25/000112742_20040325090551/Rendered/PDF/282760Somalia0Country0reengagement0note.pdf Country Re-Engagement Note]</ref> sida ay muujisay daraasadda ay soo saartay qaramada midoobay sanadkii [[2007]] koritaanka qaybaha adeegyada<ref name="irin">[http://www.irinnews.org/country.aspx?CountryCode=SO&RegionCode=HOA The Somali Democratic Republic UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]</ref> aqoonyahanka [[Anthroboloji|Anthroboloji]] Spencer Heath McCallum ku saleeyay shuruucda beelaha soomaaliyeed "Xeer" asaas ahaan kaasoo suura galiyay beeyad ku wanaagsan dhaqaalaha si looga wada faaiideysto una wanaagsanaato danaha mashaariic dhaqaale.<ref>[http://mises.org/story/2701 The Rule of Law without the State, Somalia]</ref> Qaybta Beeraha waxaa lagu tiriyaa qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee xagga dhaqaalaha ee dalka iyadoo ah marka lagu daro xoolaha 40% [[Wax soo saar|wax soo saarka dadka]] ee soomaaliya kaasoo ah 65% guud ahaan waxyaabaha ka soo xarooda dhoofinta;<ref name="CIA2008">{{Cite web |ciwaan=CIA - The World Factbook - Somalia (2008) |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html#Econ |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2016-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html#Econ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> marka dhinac la iska dhigo wax soo saarka beeraha iyo hilibka la qalay ama asigoo nool taasoo ay dhoofiso Soomaaliya waxay kale oo ay dhoofisaa [[Kaluun|kaluunka]], [[Dhuxul|dhuxusha]], [[Moos|mooska]], [[Liin|liinta]], [[Galley|Galleyda]], [[Hadhuudh|masago]] dhammaantood waa wax soo saarka gudaha.<ref name="CIA2008"/> Arrinta ku saabsan dhoofinta xoolaha waxay soomaaliya dhoofisay 3 malyan oo xoolo nool ah sanadii [[1999]] waxaana laga dhoofiyay dekadaha [[Boosaaso]] iyo [[Berbera|berbera]] waxaa la dhoofiyay 95% guud ahaan orgida 52% iyo Wanan kuwaas oo laga dhoofiyay Bari afrika guud ahaan. Waxay dhoofisaa [[Somaliland]] sanadkiiba ku dhawaad 180 malyan tan oo xoolo ah marka lagu daro ilaa 480 malyan oo tan wax soo saarka beeraha. Sidaa daraadeed Soomaaliya waxay ku jirtaa suuqgeeyaha ugu weyn [[Lubaan|luubaan]] iyo [[Malmal|malmasha]] guud ahaan aduunka.<ref name="improvement">[http://www.independent.org/pdf/working_papers/64_somalia.pdf Somalia After State Collapse: Chaos or Improvement? Benjamin Powell, Ryan Ford, Alex Nowrasteh November 30, 2006]</ref> [[file:Air Somalia Tupolev Tu-154.jpg|thumb|250px|waxaa jira tiro badan shirkadaha duulimaadyada gaarka ah taasoo taasoo hogaaminayasa dagaal xagga dhimista sicirka si ay u hesho tiro badan oo duulumaadyo ah si shirkadaha kale meesha uga saarto.]] Laakiin qaybta warshadaha waxaa ka jirta dhibaato la xiriirta dagaalkii sokeeye oo ku dhisan gasacaynta iyo diyaarinta wax soosaarka beeraha si looga dhigo wax la dhoofin karo, qaybta warshadaha ma dhaafsana 10% wax soo saarka guud ee gudha. Marka laga tago ku tiirsanaanta wax soo saarka beeraha waxaa biloowday qayba ka mid ah wax soo saarka warshadaha horumar ay sameeynayaan, tusaale ahaan waxaa jira shirkado taasoo hogaanka u haysa dagaal ah dhimista sicirka si ay u hesho duulimaadyo badan taasoo meesha ka saaraysa shirkadaha tabarta daran.<ref name = "WB2005-03-18">[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/SOMALIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20398872~menuPK:367671~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:367665,00.html Africa Open for Business The World Bank]</ref> Waxaa kaloo jira qaybo howlo tasoo korriin laga dareemaya taasoo ah mid ay ku tiirsanyihiin shacabka Soomaaliyeed ee dibadda jira sida shirkadaha taleefoonada mobilada iyo xarumaha idaacadaha gaarka loo leeyahay Maqayadaha internetka waxaa sidoo kale jira [[Koka koola]] ee caalami ah taasoo ku tusaysa taasoo ay ku kalsoon yihiin shirkadaha caalamiga ah marka la eego maalgashiga ee hadda Soomaaliya.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3865595.stm Ferrett Grant Coca-Cola Makes Somalia Return BBC News 2004]</ref> Sidaas daraadeed waxaa lagu tiriyaa shikadaha xawilaadda qaybaha ugu badan ganacsiga ee hadda jira, kuwaas oo sameeya ku shubista in ku dhow 2 Bilyan doollar sanadkiiba dalka gudihiisa iyagoo soo mariya xawilaadaha dibadda ee soomaalida dibadda<ref name="CIA2008"/> waxaana lagu tiriyaa shirkadaha aadka ugu dhaqdhaqaa badan qaybtaan shirkadahaan ma sameeyaan qaadista lacagta si xawilladaha khaashka ah waxaa ku xiran shirkaadaas shirkadda "Dahabshiil" oo xarunteedu tahay [[Hargaysa]] kuwaasoo ay ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan 1,000 soomaali waxay leedahay 40 laanmo dhamaan caalamka waxaa ka mid ah laanta [[Dubay]] iyo [[London]].<ref name="Forbes">[http://www.forbescustom.com/EmergingMarketsPgs/AbdirashidDualeInterviewP1.html Freeing Finance: If money makes the world go round, Dahabshiil CEO Abdirashid Duale makes sure it goes to the right people]</ref> Sida ay muujiyeen shirkado maraykan iyo shiine ah si isku mid ah inuu jiro dano muuqda ee ku saabsan macdanta ku jurta soomaaliya gaar ahaan soo saarista shidaalka waxaana taa cadeeyay shirkadda lagu magacaabo ''Range Resources'' ee maraykanka ah jiritaanka kayd badan oo shidaal ah dhulks maamul goboleedka [[Puntland]] lagu qiyaasan shan ilaa toban bilyan oo fuusto ee saliidda ceeriinka ah.<ref>[http://www.oilmarketer.co.uk/2007/07/18/exploration-rights-in-somalia-for-chinese-oil-giant-cnooc/ Exploration rights in Somalia for Chinese oil giant CNOOC Oilmarketer.co.uk 2009-02-25]</ref> ==Isgaarsiinta iyo warbaahinta== Waxaa sii kordhayay tobankii sano ee u danbaysay tiro badan Wargaysyada xarumaha Idaacadaha iyo Talefishinada kuwaas oo aan ku ekayn oo kaliya caasimadda, laakiin u gudbay magaalooyinka waaweyn. kuwaas oo qabsaday warbaahinta. kuma eka oo kaliya warbaahinta waxyba gaartay isgaarsiinta xarigga dhulka iyo midda xarig la' iyadoo ay korotay adeegsedeyaasha [[Internet]]ka shan sano gudaheed intii u dhaxeeysay [[2002]] iyo [[2007]] qiyaastii 44,900% iyadoo gaartay heerkii ugu sareeyay koritaanka afrika abid.<ref>[http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats1.htm#africa Internet Usage Statistics for Africa, Internetworldstats.com]</ref> Iyadoo ay ka wada hadlayaan shirkadaha guud ee ka shaqeeya [[Macluumaadka Teknolojiyadda]] suuq ka kooban nus malyan adeegsade internet. waxaa hadda laga helaa Soomaaliya 22 [[Bixiyaha Adeegga Internet]] waxaa dheeraad ah ilaa 234 [[Maqaayad Internet]] oo dalka ku faafsan taasoo sanadkiiba ku guulaysatay gaarsiinta 15.6%. waxaana hadda la suurta-galiyay isgaarsiin Internet ah dhanka [[Dayax Gacmeed]]ka gaar ahaan meelaha fogfog taas oo aan lahayn [[Codsi Talefon|Khad taleefan]] ama shabkad xarig la' ah. Waxay ka mid ah [[Qaramada Midoobay]] ama [[NGO|Heeyadaha aan dawliga ahayn]] Hay'adaha maaliyadda gaar ahaan shirkadaha xawila lacagta iyo maqaayadaha internetka waa kuwa ugu badan adeesiga shabakadda caarcaarada Internetka ee dalka. Waxaa lagu tiriyaa qaybta [[Codsi Talefon|Isgaarsiinta Talefonka]] ee internetka kuwa ugu badanq qayb ahaan koritaanka marka loo eego dhamaan qaaradda isla goobta iyadoo koraysa tirada [[Talefon Guri]] kuwaasoo sanadkii gaari kara 12.5% (hadda waxaa la helaa 100,000 khad talefon guri) markii la barbar dhigo dawladaha kale ee dhaca geeska afrika gaar ahaan bariga afrika si guud kuwaas oo dhib ku qaba xiridda khadka talefonka guriga sabab ka dhalatay burburin ulakac ah sicir barar ku yimid fiilooyinka maarta ah ee loo adeegsado galinta taleefonada dhulka. Waxaa xusid mudan gaarsiinta khad dhulka ah ee kuwa cusub ah ee cusub waxay qaadanaysaa saddex maalmood oo kaliya Soomaaliya laakiin waxay gaari kartaa sanado dheer dalka dariska la ah ee lagu magacaabo [[Kiinya]]. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa qaybta isgaarsiinta ee xariga dhulka ah dalka waa qaybaha ugu wanaagsan marka loo eego qaarada Afrika kuwaas oo ay bixiyaan shirkado badan soona gudbiya adeeg heer sare ah waxaa ka mid ah la hadalka dibadda adigoo bixinaya 10 doollar oo kaliya, waxaa taa dheer Isgaarsiin xarig la' tasoo ay korortay koror aad u weyn tirada haysata ee shirkadaha adeega bixinta taleefonada xarig la' kaasoo gaaray 627,000 adeegsade. ==Ciidanka== Ciidanka somaliya waa kuwa igu awooda badan afrika waxa ayna la dagaalameen ciidankii itoobiya 1977 waxaan guuleestay ciidanka somaliya somaliya ciidankeeda wexee Ku bixisaa dakhli dhan 50 bilyan oo doolar waana ciida Ka daagalimi Kara cimila walba qaboow iyo kulee {{flag|Somalia}} Somalis 🇸🇴♥️♥️♥️♥️.!!` ==Beeyada== Soomaaliya waxaa hareeyay cimilo kulul oomane ah, halka uu gaarayo roobka da'a inta u dhexeysa sanadkiiba 10 20 iyo [[Inji]] halka ayna ka badnayn dhulka la beeri karo 2% bedka guud ee Soomaaliya, dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya wuxuu ahaa mid ku reebay raad xun Kaymaha, waxaa la jaray in badan oo geedahaas ah ujeedaduna waxay ahayd [[Dhuxul]] taas oo sababtay [[Abaar|abaar]]. Dawladdii Hantiwadaaga waxay samaysay qorshe ballaaran ee ah beerista dhir guud ahaan jamhuuriyadda taas oo loola jeeday '''Bacaad celin''' iyo ka hortagga saxaraha. waxaana la aas'aasay markii ugu horaysay hay'adda beeyada ee soomaaliya xilligii Hantiwadaaga taasoo loogu magac-daray "ECOTERRA Somalia" ee raacsan "Golaha Beeyada Soomaaliya" taasoo gacan ka gaysatay wacyi galint ku saabsan beeyada waxay kaloo samaysay dhaqaajinta barnaamijkii beeyada dhammaan qaybaha xukuumadda sidoo kale heeyadaha bulshada rayadka ah sidoo kale waxaa la aas'aasay "xarunta cilimi baarista iyo la socodka iyo dhowrista nolosha barriga" iyadoo loo marayo heeyada "ECOTERRA" caalamiga ah sanadkii [[1986]], waxaa faaiidadeeda la arkay [[1989]] halka ay ogolaadeen xisbiyada dalka xukuumadda dhammaan saxiixa xukuumadda soomaaliya heshiis "manuuciaya ka ganacsiga nuucyada sii baaba'ya" (CITES) taasoo waxaa markii ugu horreysay la mamnuucay ka ganacsiga [[Ilik|faanta]] [[Maroodi|maroodiga]]. Waxaa taa la socday u dhaq-dhaqaaqda iyo abaal marinta goldman ee beeyada {{en|Goldman Environmental Prize}} Faaduma Jibriil olo-oleynta bulshada ee ku wajahnayd ku wacyi galinta beeyada waxayna ka soo biloowday magaaladii ay ku dhalatay iyadoo isku duba riday guddiyo ilaaliya nolosha barriga xeebaha, waxay kaloo tababartay kuwaas oo u howl gali doona ilaalinta beeyada gaar ahaan meelaha dhuxuusha laga gubo. ==Dadka== Waxa uu gaarayaa dadka [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliya]] dega ilaa 12,832,017 qof, waana tiro aan la hubin waxaana la xisaabsada tirada dadka tii ay samaysay dawladdii Hantiwadaaga [[1975]], waxaa kale oo jira trakoob soo baxay [[2015]] oo qiyaas ah kaas oo ay soo bandhigtay Wasaarada Qorshaynta Soomaaliya waxaana lagu sheegay 12,316,895 qof suurtagal maaha in la ogaado tirakoobka rasmiga ah ee hadda taasoo ay sababtu tahay mujtamaca soomaaliyeed oo u badan [[Reer guuraa]] sidoo kale tira badan oo barakacayaal ah kuwaas oo ka cararay baahi ama dagaal sokeeye, sidoo kale waxaa kordhay tirada ku maqan qurbaha dagaalkii sokeeye dabadii taasoo hadana sabatay in ay dalka ka cararaan aqoonyahanadii soomaaliyeed una cararaan [[Bariga Dhexe]], [[Yurub]] iyo [[Woqooyiga Ameerika]]. Sinjiga ugu badan, oo ah 85% waa [[Soomaali]] iyadoo aay jiraan sinjiyo kale oo isku dardar ah kuwaas oo gaaraya 15%, waxaa ka mid ah: Baantuuga Gibilcadka Barawaani Baajuun, [[Hindi]], [[Iiraan]] waxaa kaloo jira kuwo ay dhaleen isticmaarka xilligii gumaysiga talyaaniga kuwaas oo lagu magacaabo Misyooni oo gaaraya 30 kun oo qof waxaa jiri kara dadyoow kale ee aan Soomaali ahayn oo iska tagay markii xoriyadda la qaatay [[1960]] horayna u raacan isticmaarkii. ==Luqadda== [[File:R.publication Somali language.jpg|thumb|center|196px|Daabacadaha [[Af Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]]<ref> '''[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/ Buugag iyo Qormo Dhigashada… (Jw.org)] '''</ref>]] [[Af-Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]] waa Afka rasmiga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya waana Af-soomaaliga ([[Maay]] iyo [[Maxaa tiri]]), waa mid ka mid ah afafka [[Luqadaha Kushiitiga|Kushiitiga]] taasoo ah mid raacsan laan ka mid ah laamaheeda [[Afro-Aasiyatik|Afrika Aasiya]], kuwa ugu dhow Af-Soomaaliga waa Af-Cafarta taasoo looga hadlo [[Itoobiya]], [[Eratareya]] iyo [[Jabuuti]], sidoo kale [[Oramada]] taasoo iyana looga hadlo [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kiinya]]. Af-Soomaaligu waa tan ugu badan Afafka Kushitiga loogu qorista badanyahay sideedaba,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200327170337/http://www.springerlink.com/content/b14r67j54k377r7g/ A software tool for research in linguistics and lexicography: Application to Somali 2018-12-05]</ref> Waxaa jirtay daraasad cilmiyeed ku saabsan [[Af-Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]] kana horaysay 1900. ==Diinta== Muddaddii qadiimiga, Soomaalidda waxay ku baraarugsanaan jiray diinta [[Waaqiya]], laakin maanta, marka laga reebo in yar oo ka mid ah [[Soomaalida|shacabka soomaaliyeed]] dhammaantood waxay haystaam [[Islaam|islaamka]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061214023655/http://www.mepc.org/workshops/popstat.asp Middle East Policy Council - Muslim Populations Worldwide 2018-12-05]</ref> badankood waa [[Ahlu sunno waljamaaca|sunno]] kuwaas oo haysta [[Madhabo|madhabka]] shaaficiyadda<ref name="Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi">Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi, ''Culture and Customs of Somalia'', (Greenwood Press: 2001), p.1</ref> wuxaa lagu tilmaamaya dastuurka soomaaliya in ay diinta islaamku tahay diinta kaliya ee dalka ka jiri karta, shareecada islaamkuna tahay asalka. ==Ciidaha iyo fasaxyada rasmiga ah== {{Ciidaha Soomaaliya}} ==Dhaqanka== Soomaalidu waxay ku abtirsataa dhaqan fac weyn oo xeerar iyo qawaaniintiisa leh. Marka aad culuuntan dhaqanka qaarkood dhegeysato waxaad garan karaysaa baaxadda dhaqan cilmiyeysan ay laahaayeen Soomaalidii hore. Dhaqanka soomaaliyeed wuxuu isugu jiraa caadooyin waxyaabo la soo wariyay dhaqankaas oo ku kaydsan maskaxda waayeelka soomaaliyeed taasoo casriyo hore lagu dhaqmi jiray dhaqamada gudaha iyo dhaqamada dawlado kale keeneen soomaaliya waa mid ku salaysan taariikh sida [[Itoobiya]] [[Kiinya]], [[Yemen]] ,[[Hindiya]] iyo [[Iiraan]]. ===Miyuusigga=== Soomaaliya waxay uga duwantahay dunida inteeda kale iyadoo ah mid ka mid ah dawladaha Afrika taasoo shacabkeedu ka koobanyahay hal qomiyad waana [[Soomaali]] taasoo ka dhigtay in ay ka midaysan yihiin naaxiyadda muusikada guud ahaan dalka waana waxa ka caawiyay faafinta kooxada muusikada soomaaliyeed oo ay ka mid tahay kooxda "Waabari" iyo "Horseed" meela ka baxsan Soomaaliya qaar ka mid ah ayaa sameeyay laxan heesaa soomaaliyeed sida "[[Maryan Mursal]]" iyagdoo musikadii Soomaaliyeed qaybo kale oo reer galbeed ku dhexdartay. ===Fanka=== * Fanka soomaalida wuxuu u qaysanyahay: * Fan shaxaneed, sida farshaxanka – Sawirka – Far-guri – Injineernimo – Dhisme – Fanka dhismaha – Geeda qoris... * Fan ku luuqeen, Suugaan – sida Miyuusiga – Heesaha - Shineemda iyo masraxiyadda – Gabayga – Sheeko xiriirta... * Fan Cayaareed, sida qoobka cayaarka – Gamuuan tuurka – Indhe sarcaad – Shiribka – Jaandheerta – Dhaantada... Waa hab, [[gabay|abuurida]], qurxinta, habaynta iyo soo bandhiga [[hees|heesaha Soomaalida]], [[ruwaayad]]aha iyo [[majaajilo]]oyinka u dhaqanka ah [[dadka Soomaalida]] ah meelkasta ooy joogaan, gaar ahaan inta ku dhaqan [[Bariga Afrika]]. Guud ahaan, fanka Soomaalidu waa nooc ka mid ah [[Suugaan|Suugaanta Soomaalida]]. Sidoo kale, dadka ku hadla [[Af Soomaali]]ga waxay leeyihiin [[fan]] aad u heersareeya, qani ku ah aqoon iyo xirfad qoto dheer. In kastoo fanka maanta jira yahay mid aad u da' yar wuxuu leeyahay waaxyaabo iyo noocyo aad u badan. Kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah [[qaaci|heesaha qaaciga]], [[qaraami]]ga, heesaha jaaska, [[ruwaayad]]aha, [[majaajilo]]yinka, [[filim]]aanta, bandhigyada fanka, qoob-ka-ciyaarka iyo guud ahaan madadaalada ku baxda luuqada [[Soomaaliga]]. ===Cunto karinta=== [[file:Somali food.jpg|thumb|196px|nuucyada kala gadisan ee [[Cunto kariska soomaalida|Cunto]].|alt=]] Cunto kariska Soomaalida wuu kala gadisanyahay meel walbo meesha kale sidaa daraadeed inuu ka mid yahay waxyaabaha muhimka u ah soomaalida in laga heli karo meel kasta ee dalka ka mid ah cunto [[Xalaal]] ah sida ay qabto diinta islaamka sida in aysan dhici karin wax ay ku jiraan xedha doofaarkaama [[Hilib]] [[Doofaar]] sidoo kale ma laga yaabo in laguu keeno [[Cabitaan]] alkolo ah nuucyadii kala duwan, sidoo kale lagama cuno bakhtiga, ama dhiiga la fariisiyay. Soomaaliya waxaa laga qadeeyaa kowda wixii ka dambeeya duhurka dabadii laakiin inta lagu guda jiro bisha [[Ramadaan]] waxaa la cunayaa Marka ay dhamaato salaadda taraawiixdataasoo xitaa gaadhi karta kow iyo tobanka fiidnimo. waxaa la cunaa "Cambuulada" oo ugu badan bisha Soomaaliya taasoo laga cuno dhammaan dalka, waxaa la kariyaa marka hore cambuulada, taasoo meelaha qaar looga yaqaan digir ([[Af-Soomaali]]: digir), muddo gaarsiisan shan saacadood oo xidhiidh ah dab yar oo khafiif ah si ay u noqoto mid bisil. Waxaa kale oo jirta [[Muufo]] taasoo ka samaysan [[Galley|Ganleey]] la shiiday kadibna la cajiimay laguna dubay [[Tinaar]], waxaa qaabkaas oo kale loo sameeyaa [[Sabaayad]] waxay kaga duwantahay dubista. ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Soomaali luqadda dhegoolaha]] * [[Somaliland]] * [[Djibouti]] * [[IGAD]] * [[Diinta Soomaalida]] ==Xogta== {{reflist}} ==Daabacado kale== <div class="mw-content-ltr"> * Hadden, Robert Lee. 2007. [http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA464006 "The Geology of Somalia: A Selected Bibliography of Somalian Geology, Geography and Earth Science."]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Engineer Research and Development Laboratories, Topographic Engineering Center, Alexandria, VA. Abstract. * Hess, Robert L. ''Italian Colonialism in Somalia''. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1966. *Fitzgerald, Nina J. ''Somalia''. New York: Nova Science, Inc., 2002. * Lewis. I.M. ''Pastoral Democracy: A study on Pastoralism and Politics among the Northern Somali clans''. Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1958. ISBN 978-3-8258-3084-7. * Mwakikagile, Godfrey. ''The Modern African State: Quest for Transformation'', Chapter Four: Somalia: A Stateless State - What Next?, pp.&nbsp;109–132, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Huntington, New York, 2001. * Tripodi, Paolo. ''The Colonial Legacy in Somalia''. New York: St. Martin's P Inc., 1999. </div> ==Linkiyo banaanka ah== ; Xukuumadda * [http://www.tfgsomalia.net Websitkii dawladdii federaalka ku meel gaarka ahayd] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tfgsomalia.net/ |date=20190924214612 }} * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/somalia.html Raysulwasaaraha iyo liiska wasiirada] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-s/somalia.html |date=20120926194338 }} * [https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/iimaan-run-ah/iimaanka-runta-ah-muxuu-yahay/ Soomaali: Iimaan Run ah Waa Waddada Nolol Farxad Leh] ;Macluumaad guud * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html Bogga Soomaaliya ee buugga ''World Factbook'' Sirdoonka Maraykanka] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |date=20160701194614 }} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/somalia.htm Maktabadda jaamacadda koloraado] * [http://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Somalia Hagista safarka ee soomaaliya (Af-Ingiriis) ee websiteka ''Wikivoyage''] ;Warbaahin * [http://allafrica.com/somalia/ Wararka ugu doorka roon ee doomaaliya] websiteka ''allafrica.com'' * [http://www.irinnews.org/Africa-Country.aspx?Country=SO IRIN Somalia] Wararka iyo hubinta warsaxaafadeedka ee ku saabsan arrimaha bini aadamnimo ee soomaaliya ;Kuwo kale {{col-begin}} {{col-1-of-2}} * [http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/somalia Hay´adda laanqeerta cas ee Soomaaliya] * [http://www.somaliaonline.com/ Somalia Online] * [http://www.somalilink.com/ The Somali Link] * [http://education.nairobi-unesco.org/ Xafiiska UNESCO ee nairobi ee quseeya waxbarashada Soomaaliya] {{col-2-of-2}} * [http://education.nairobi-unesco.org/PDFs/somalia.pdf Xafiiska UNESCO ee Nairobi barnaamijyafa tacliinta ee dhammaan 2015 - Soomaaliya] * [http://www.kataaib.net Websiteka Mustaqbalka umadda Soomaaliyeed] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kataaib.net/ |date=20081028004403 }} * [http://www.mapsyou.com/mapsFrame.aspx?p1=117 Khariidada ee websitka ado] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mapsyou.com/mapsFrame.aspx?p1=117 |date=20090114115414 }} * [http://www.jaallesiyaad.com Websiteka rasmiga ah ee taariikhda gaarka ah Madaxweyne Syd. Barre] {{col-end}} {{Jiho | Woqooyi Galbeed = {{flag|Djibouti}} | Woqooyi = {{flag|Yemen}} • ''[[Gacanka Cadmeed]]'' | Woqooyi Bari = ''[[Gacanka Cadmeed]]'' | Galbeed = {{flag|Ethiopia}} | Magaca = {{flag|Somalia}} | Bari = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' | Koofur = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' | Koofur Galbeed = {{flag|Kenya}} | Koofur Bari = ''[[Badweynta Hindiya]]'' }} {{coord|02|02|N|45|21|E|type:Soomaaliya | display=title}} {{Maqaal Xul Ah|subst=4928983 |Taariikh=26 Diseember 2015}} {{Portal bar|Soomaaliya}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Soomaaliya|*]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah midowga afrika]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah jaamacadda carabta|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah ururka iskaashiga islaamka|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka ugu horumarka liita|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka xubnaha ka ah qaramada midoobay|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Geeska Afrika|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka dhaca badweynta hindiya|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka iyo meelaha looga hadlo af-soomaaliga|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Jamhuuriyadaha]] [[Category:Wadamada Afrika|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dalalka federaalka ah|Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Mustacmarado hore ee talyaaniga|Soomaaliya]] __INDEX__ pws655mpcdnh3cjdbsrf5fvtwug0p6f 0 27822 240487 239809 2022-08-27T21:22:39Z Abdirahm 32536 /* Reerka ugu badan habar jeclo */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group|||group=|flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]] [[file:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|45px]] [[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}|region3={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|langs=[[Af Soomaali]], [[Af Carabi]]|rels=[[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam]])|related-c=[[Toljecle]],[[Habar Awal]], [[Garxajis]], [[Arab]] iyo tolka kalee ee qabiilka isaaq <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->|native_name=Muuse Abokor <br /> موسى أبوكر|native_name_lang=so|related_groups=|region4={{Flagcountry|Djibouti}}}} '''Habar jeclo'''( ''Af-Ingiriisi'' [[:en:Habr_Je'lo|Habr je'lo]] , ''Af-Carabi'' '''هبر جعلو''') , Magaca Oo Dhamaystiran: ''[[Isaaq|Muuse Sheekh Isxaaq ibnu Axmad]],'' waa beel weyn oo balaadan oo ah beelaha ugu waaweyn qabiilka isaaq ama reer sheekh isxaaq, == Taariikh== Habar jeclo waa beesha ugu badan tiro ahaan isaaq ==Reerka ugu badan habar jeclo == Faarax cabdile aya ah kan ugu badan ==Jirrida reerka ama abtisiinta== == kooxo == *[[:en:1960_British_Somaliland_parliamentary_election|National United Front]] , oo ah urur siyaasadeed oo u badnaa Habar Jeclo dabayaaqadii 1950-aadkii *[[Dharbash]] , oo dhexdhexaad ka ahaa darsinka maamulka Daraawiishta, wuxuu ahaa saddex meelood meel Habar Jeclo, inta soo hadhayna waxaa ahaa Baharsame. ==Dadka caanka== ==Tixraacyo== bjpquhwfz3qkaep423f3b9esdfeh5jm 0 31631 240493 238148 2022-08-28T01:11:06Z 157.157.77.208 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abdoulkader_Kamil_Mohamed.jpg|thumb]] '''Cabdiqadir Kaamil Maxamed''' ({{lang-fr|Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed}}; {{lang-ar|عبد القادر كميل محمد‎}}) waa beesha sheekhaal loobage wuxuu ku dhashay magaalada Souali, [[Jabuuti]] 1 Luuliyo 1951, waa siyaasi reer Jabuuti iyo [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Jabuuti|ra'iisul wasaaraha]] tallada haya maanta ilaa 2013. kaamil ayaa wuxuu u dhashay beel waynta daarood , kablalax , harti , warsangrli , cumar ,nuux cumar , cumarayte . WUXUU DEEGAAN KIISA MAAKHIR GAAR AHAANA SANAAG BOOQDAY TIRO 4 JEER Muddo dheerna ka mid ahaa xisbiga talada haya ee Rally for Progress, wuxuu horey u soo qabtay wasiirka beeraha 2005 ilaa 2011 iyo wasiirka gaashaandhigga laga soo bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2013. {{Siyaasadda Jabuuti}} ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Jabuuti]] * [[Madaxweynayaashii Jabuuti]] *[[Xisbiyada Siyaasada Jabuuti]] *[[Lacagta Jabuuti]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Maqaalo Jabuuti}} [[Category:Jabuuti| ]] [[Category:Siyaasadda Jabuuti]] [[Category:Bulshada Jabuuti]] [[Category:Juquraafiga Jabuuti]] repzh9jfsycma6zygz0acf5arttudkm 240494 240493 2022-08-28T01:12:08Z 157.157.77.208 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abdoulkader_Kamil_Mohamed.jpg|thumb]] '''Cabdiqadir Kaamil Maxamed''' ({{lang-fr|Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed}}; {{lang-ar|عبد القادر كميل محمد‎}}) beesha sheekhaal wuxuu ku dhashay magaalada Souali, [[Jabuuti]] 1 Luuliyo 1951, waa siyaasi reer Jabuuti iyo [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Jabuuti|ra'iisul wasaaraha]] tallada haya maanta ilaa 2013. kaamil ayaa wuxuu u dhashay beel waynta daarood , kablalax , harti , warsangrli , cumar ,nuux cumar , cumarayte . WUXUU DEEGAAN KIISA MAAKHIR GAAR AHAANA SANAAG BOOQDAY TIRO 4 JEER Muddo dheerna ka mid ahaa xisbiga talada haya ee Rally for Progress, wuxuu horey u soo qabtay wasiirka beeraha 2005 ilaa 2011 iyo wasiirka gaashaandhigga laga soo bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2013. {{Siyaasadda Jabuuti}} ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Jabuuti]] * [[Madaxweynayaashii Jabuuti]] *[[Xisbiyada Siyaasada Jabuuti]] *[[Lacagta Jabuuti]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Maqaalo Jabuuti}} [[Category:Jabuuti| ]] [[Category:Siyaasadda Jabuuti]] [[Category:Bulshada Jabuuti]] [[Category:Juquraafiga Jabuuti]] 9f362tnyuf8x041thxm2mm8yowpf6zg 0 34070 240513 240260 2022-08-28T02:07:03Z Mwasoge 29030 /* KA-joojin */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jaamacada Carabta ka bixitaan''' EN: Arab League Withdrawal {{Flag|Arab League|Jaamacada Carabta|Midowga Carabta}} Waddamo badan ayaa xubin ka ah ururka Jaamacadda Carabta , Suuriya , Yemen ayaa laga joojiyay in ay ka mid noqoto ururka Jaamacadda Carabta dagaallo ka socda dalalkooda , dhaqaalaha dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta , gobollada sida Yemen ee dagaalka iyo Soomaaliya , waxaa laga yaabaa in ay barwaaqoobaan marka arbacada laga baxo., Weerarrada Argagaxiso ee Sucuudiga ee Ganacsiga Adduunka waxay waxyeello u geysteen dhaqaalaha dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta iyo argagaxa Suuriya iyo Ciraaq , ka noqoshada codsiyada iyo foomka xogta Jaamacadda Carabta , muranka Jaamacadda Carabta ee Aljeeriya iyo Morroco iyo xuduudaha gumeysiga ee dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta. , dagaalka Ciraaq iyo khatarta Israa'iil ee Ciraaq iyo macdan qodista ee Kuwait ,. Jaamacadda Carabta, waddamadu waxay macdan qodayaal u sameeyeen waddamadooda si ay u xag-jiriyaan waddamada sida Ciraaq laga qodo Kuwait oo ah xubno ka tirsan ururka jaamacadda Carabta.Isbaheysiga Carabta ee u dhaxeeya Israel iyo Falastiin, Falastiin ayaa qaaday weeraro badan oo ka dhan ah Israel iyo la'aanta dowlad xasiloon .Wadamo badan ayaa ka tagay ururo ganacsi halkaas oo codsiga ka bixitaanka ganacsiga uu yahay mid degdeg ah, oo ay sameeyaan hoggaamiyeyaasha.<ref>https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araplar</ref> ==KA-joojin== * {{Flag|Jad}}.!!`<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Arabs</ref> * {{Flag|Iran}}: '''Safavid Persia''' `~`:-) * {{Flag|Turkey}}: '''Ottoman State''' `~:-( <Ref>https://dayan.org/content/sanctioned-states-economic-crises-iran-and-turkey</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/mapped-the-state-of-global-democracy-2022/</Ref>. ==Shirka Dawoka Waddanmaha jiray == * {{Flag|Bangladesh}}:-) <ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm</ref>. * {{Flag|Pakistan}}:-) * {{Flag|Brazil}}: '''Soviet Union'''.!!`<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/s/Soviet_Union.htm</ref> <Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/global-trust-in-government-2022/</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/mapped-corruption-in-countries-around-the-world/</Ref>. * {{Flag|Ethiopia}}:-( .<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm</ref>. ==Sido Kale fiiri== * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] e1aexh7ncgkph78aeeneh86mxuk4hjj 240514 240513 2022-08-28T02:07:39Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Shirka Dawoka Waddanmaha jiray */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jaamacada Carabta ka bixitaan''' EN: Arab League Withdrawal {{Flag|Arab League|Jaamacada Carabta|Midowga Carabta}} Waddamo badan ayaa xubin ka ah ururka Jaamacadda Carabta , Suuriya , Yemen ayaa laga joojiyay in ay ka mid noqoto ururka Jaamacadda Carabta dagaallo ka socda dalalkooda , dhaqaalaha dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta , gobollada sida Yemen ee dagaalka iyo Soomaaliya , waxaa laga yaabaa in ay barwaaqoobaan marka arbacada laga baxo., Weerarrada Argagaxiso ee Sucuudiga ee Ganacsiga Adduunka waxay waxyeello u geysteen dhaqaalaha dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta iyo argagaxa Suuriya iyo Ciraaq , ka noqoshada codsiyada iyo foomka xogta Jaamacadda Carabta , muranka Jaamacadda Carabta ee Aljeeriya iyo Morroco iyo xuduudaha gumeysiga ee dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta. , dagaalka Ciraaq iyo khatarta Israa'iil ee Ciraaq iyo macdan qodista ee Kuwait ,. Jaamacadda Carabta, waddamadu waxay macdan qodayaal u sameeyeen waddamadooda si ay u xag-jiriyaan waddamada sida Ciraaq laga qodo Kuwait oo ah xubno ka tirsan ururka jaamacadda Carabta.Isbaheysiga Carabta ee u dhaxeeya Israel iyo Falastiin, Falastiin ayaa qaaday weeraro badan oo ka dhan ah Israel iyo la'aanta dowlad xasiloon .Wadamo badan ayaa ka tagay ururo ganacsi halkaas oo codsiga ka bixitaanka ganacsiga uu yahay mid degdeg ah, oo ay sameeyaan hoggaamiyeyaasha.<ref>https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araplar</ref> ==KA-joojin== * {{Flag|Jad}}.!!`<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Arabs</ref> * {{Flag|Iran}}: '''Safavid Persia''' `~`:-) * {{Flag|Turkey}}: '''Ottoman State''' `~:-( <Ref>https://dayan.org/content/sanctioned-states-economic-crises-iran-and-turkey</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/mapped-the-state-of-global-democracy-2022/</Ref>. ==Shirka Dawoka Waddanmaha jiray == * {{Flag|Bangladesh}}:-) <ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm</ref>. * {{Flag|Pakistan}}:-) * {{Flag|Brazil}}: '''Mexican Union'''.!!`<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/s/Soviet_Union.htm</ref> <Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/global-trust-in-government-2022/</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/mapped-corruption-in-countries-around-the-world/</Ref>. * {{Flag|Ethiopia}}:-( .<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm</ref>. ==Sido Kale fiiri== * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] isyce0hs4ha1g5ayq69g8oy4xfki5wf 240515 240514 2022-08-28T02:08:37Z Mwasoge 29030 /* KA-joojin */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jaamacada Carabta ka bixitaan''' EN: Arab League Withdrawal {{Flag|Arab League|Jaamacada Carabta|Midowga Carabta}} Waddamo badan ayaa xubin ka ah ururka Jaamacadda Carabta , Suuriya , Yemen ayaa laga joojiyay in ay ka mid noqoto ururka Jaamacadda Carabta dagaallo ka socda dalalkooda , dhaqaalaha dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta , gobollada sida Yemen ee dagaalka iyo Soomaaliya , waxaa laga yaabaa in ay barwaaqoobaan marka arbacada laga baxo., Weerarrada Argagaxiso ee Sucuudiga ee Ganacsiga Adduunka waxay waxyeello u geysteen dhaqaalaha dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta iyo argagaxa Suuriya iyo Ciraaq , ka noqoshada codsiyada iyo foomka xogta Jaamacadda Carabta , muranka Jaamacadda Carabta ee Aljeeriya iyo Morroco iyo xuduudaha gumeysiga ee dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta. , dagaalka Ciraaq iyo khatarta Israa'iil ee Ciraaq iyo macdan qodista ee Kuwait ,. Jaamacadda Carabta, waddamadu waxay macdan qodayaal u sameeyeen waddamadooda si ay u xag-jiriyaan waddamada sida Ciraaq laga qodo Kuwait oo ah xubno ka tirsan ururka jaamacadda Carabta.Isbaheysiga Carabta ee u dhaxeeya Israel iyo Falastiin, Falastiin ayaa qaaday weeraro badan oo ka dhan ah Israel iyo la'aanta dowlad xasiloon .Wadamo badan ayaa ka tagay ururo ganacsi halkaas oo codsiga ka bixitaanka ganacsiga uu yahay mid degdeg ah, oo ay sameeyaan hoggaamiyeyaasha.<ref>https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araplar</ref> ==KA-joojin== * {{Flag|Jad}}.!!`!!`? '''Soviet Union''' <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Arabs</ref> * {{Flag|Iran}}: '''Safavid Persia''' `~`:-) * {{Flag|Turkey}}: '''Ottoman State''' `~:-( <Ref>https://dayan.org/content/sanctioned-states-economic-crises-iran-and-turkey</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/mapped-the-state-of-global-democracy-2022/</Ref>. ==Shirka Dawoka Waddanmaha jiray == * {{Flag|Bangladesh}}:-) <ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm</ref>. * {{Flag|Pakistan}}:-) * {{Flag|Brazil}}: '''Mexican Union'''.!!`<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/s/Soviet_Union.htm</ref> <Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/global-trust-in-government-2022/</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/mapped-corruption-in-countries-around-the-world/</Ref>. * {{Flag|Ethiopia}}:-( .<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm</ref>. ==Sido Kale fiiri== * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] 3uz4j2m6sxxmvye91yry71q4e0heduo 0 36535 240516 237736 2022-08-28T02:35:31Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{selfref2|Maqaalkani waxa uu ku saabsan yahay alifbeetada laatiinka. Isticmaalka kale, eeg [[B (faah faahin)]]}} [[B (alifbeet)|B]], ama '''b''', waa xarafka labaad ee [[alifbeetada qoraalka Laatiinka]]. Gudaha [[Af-Soomaali]], B waxay u dhigantaa ku dhawaaqida [[Carabiga]] ب. =Noocyada= <center><big>B</big></center> ---- <center>B b</center> =Tixraac= {{latinlist}} {{stub}} pdizcyxjm2it22i6h4jaqw4dva6dcjr 0 36536 240517 237682 2022-08-28T02:35:50Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{selfref2|Maqaalkani waxa uu ku saabsan yahay alifbeetada laatiinka. Isticmaalka kale, eeg [[C (faah faahin)]]}} '''[[{{PAGENAME}}|C]]''', ama '''c''', waa xarafka saddexaad ee Ingiriisi iyo ISO xarfaha [[Laatiinka]] aasaasiga ah. Gudaha [[Af-Soomaali]], C waxay u dhigantaa ku dhawaaqida [[Carabiga]] ع. =Noocyada= <center><big>C</big></center> ---- <center><big>C c</big></center> =Tixraac= {{latinlist}} {{stub}} 7xipwv62h80u4wezpnkv14nw3zs4z2f 0 36850 240471 240391 2022-08-27T16:17:46Z EmausBot 2224 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q464666]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''Taranka daaqdu''' waa nooc ka mid ah taranka jinsiga. Dhir badan ayaa sameeya. Taranka daaqsinka dhirtu waxay si degdeg ah u dabooli kartaa dhulka: dhulka ay hal geed qaado way adagtahay in ay [[dhir]]ta kale qaataan. Tani waxay u dhacdaa si dabiici ah, waxaana sidoo kale si ula kac ah u samayn kara beeralaystayaasha. Taranka daaqsinka waxa loo isticmaalaa [[mitosis]]. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in unugga cusub ee la abuuray uu yahay kolon, oo la mid ah unugga waalidka. Dhirta qaarkood waxay soo saaraan xidido cusub oo dhulka hoostiisa ah, waxay leeyihiin nalalka, ama waxay koraan geed canab ah iyo caleemo cusub oo dhulka ka sarreeya. Habkan, dhirta cusub ayaa loo kori karaa si dabiici ah iyada oo aan wax abuur ah ama kudka. Sidaa darteed, si weyn ayaa looga faa’ideysanayaa gaar ahaan dhanka beeraha si loo faafiyo dhirta qiimaha weyn u leh dhaqaalaha. =Tixraac= *[[w:simple:Vegetative reproduction|Simple English Wikipedia]] {{stub}} 1ul5u33a6qa9eekfbn66wo7nlltfpk7 2 36858 240453 2022-08-27T13:29:05Z Abwaan Dhagacalen 32529 Bog cusub: Orka luuqda maansooyinkiyo alifka suugaanta Indhawaydba waataan kaharay ururintiisiiye Ma olkeeyo geeraar haddaad igu ogaydeene Waataan ayaamahan tixdii aamusoo xiraye Allifaadda gabay waanigii oodahaw rogaye Hayeeshee afkaygaa bartoon abidki daynayne Oofihiyo waakaa qalbiga Soo amaamudane Inta aanan oran hadalka waa inan afeeftaaye Aayad iyo xaddiis baa cilmiga lagu aroorshaaye Ogaal iyo hubsiinaa runtana lagu adkeeyaaye Uumiyaha hortoodaa xaqana lagu iftiinshaaye Ani... wikitext text/x-wiki Orka luuqda maansooyinkiyo alifka suugaanta Indhawaydba waataan kaharay ururintiisiiye Ma olkeeyo geeraar haddaad igu ogaydeene Waataan ayaamahan tixdii aamusoo xiraye Allifaadda gabay waanigii oodahaw rogaye Hayeeshee afkaygaa bartoon abidki daynayne Oofihiyo waakaa qalbiga Soo amaamudane Inta aanan oran hadalka waa inan afeeftaaye Aayad iyo xaddiis baa cilmiga lagu aroorshaaye Ogaal iyo hubsiinaa runtana lagu adkeeyaaye Uumiyaha hortoodaa xaqana lagu iftiinshaaye Anigoo awaalaha dhabtaa ku ashtakoonaaya Dadoow aragtidaydaan rabaa inaan asteeyaayeeeeeeee Afartaas irdaha maansadiyo ibafurkeedii dheh illinkaan u maro gabayga iyo ililihiisii dheh ilayskii cadceeddoo bixiyo sagal arooryaad dheh Onkod iyo hillaac ololey if iyo muuqiis dheh Astaamaha tixdaan curiyo iyo lama illaawaan dheh Afar kale ujeeddadiyo waa udub dhiggeediiye Abdo iyo masalo weeye aan cidi iswaydiine Inyar dhagaha ii fura wax baan idin ogaysiineeeeeeeeeee Qoomkii ilaah caasiyee diida amarkiisa Raxmaddii alliyo roobku wayka afjarmaaniine Adduunyada wanaaggeeda waa laga aqlaalaaye Abaartiyo colaaduhuna way wada asiibaane Aheey ahe aqliga waxa gadoo ila ahaanwaydey Amuuraha dadkeennii helee lagu ilhaameeyey Ee uunka naga raabayee looga dhigay iinta Qofkastee arkoo dhaada oo garanayoo eega Amakaagga iyo yaabka jira wuu la urugooneeee Inkastoo Abwaan hadalki iyo waano laga oofay Quus lama awaaleeyo iyo doodo anafaaye Hadafkiyo ujeedkaaga waalagu adkaystaaye Arrinkaaga meel aayo laa lagu ogaadaaye Ifaffaallo ii muuqatiyo eegga waxa taagan Iyo siday ahaandoonto baan sii awilayaaye Inta badanba soomaali way garasha awdmeene Waxaa aragtigii uga qafilan oodo dhacameede Qarni idil waxay ku ebyadeen lays afgaranwaaye Arrimaha qabiilkiyo gefkay ku indho beeleene Aaniyo waxay ku aflaxeen eexo iyo boobe Marna oosha ciiddiyo arlada loo arxamiwaaye Ummadnimada oomaalidana ma ixtiraamaane Waa duul inkaar haysatoon ka ilbaxayn reere Oo Ina adeer iyo walaal way ajalayaane Qoys iyaga kammida oo muslima way inkirayaane Ehelnimada carabtiyo turkina way u ololaaneeeeeee Wax ujeedku yahay iyo qisada loo urbixinwaayye Arrin weeye maankiyo qalbigu la anfariiraane Waa xaajo uguboo jirtoon cidi iswaydiine Amuur weeye ruuxii aqli leh la ashqaraaraaye Dadkani uurkutaallo iyo ceeb kama ajoodaane Cibaadada alliyo diinta waalagu abyoodaaye Udgoonoow rasuulkana si dhaba uma addeecaane Eex iyo dulmina waa waxay ku ibtiloobeene Haddaan eebbe noqonna waa la amban doonaayeeeeee Afka dhaqanka ooddiyo midkay aqan wadaageenba Ashahaado kiiyoo qiray kaga afuufaane 8 Amleey bay kuddaabaan dhaqsana iilka galiyaane Inuu cadow uyahay bay haddana ku andacoodaane Islaamnimada falastiinna waw wada ilmeeyaane Dhaqankii awoowiyo katage ab iyo sooyaale Asalkiyo dadnimadiina waa la asaruuraaye Oo ubaxa sookacaya iyo ubad madhowraane Arday iyo ugaas baa la diley uli magaydaaye Wax kastoo ilaah naga xarrimay ulakac loo yeelye Afo iyo amiir iyo la laah oori iyo xaase Waxse eelka dhigay baa layiri unug wadaaddaaye Haddana culima awdiinku way aamusaan badiye Allaaba waa dedaal iyo wuxuun islaaxshaaye Afka looma furo oo wallaan cidi iswaydiine Aafadu kuwii ay heshaan loo isxaanfalineeeeeeeeee Afartaas irdaha maansadiyo ibafurkeedii dheh illinkaan u maro gabayga iyo ililihiisii dheh ilayskii cadceeddoo bixiyo sagal arooryaad dheh Onkod iyo hillaac ololey if iyo muuqiis dheh Astaamaha tixdaan curiyo iyo lama illaawaan dheh Afar kale ujeeddadiyo waa udub dhiggeediiye Abdo iyo masalo weeye aan cidi iswaydiine Inyar dhagaha ii fura mid baan idin ogaysiineeeeeeeeeee Aqoon iyo xil madaxdeennu wayka arradnaadeene Waa magac uyaal uun haddaad muuqa aragtaane Ookuyaalihiyo buugga waa lagu adeegtaaye War idaacad laga sheegay baa lagu amaanaaye Aqli bay ku faanaan iyagu waase eberkoode Allaa igu ogoo sida runtaa Ari ma dhaamaaneeeee Hadba kaan annagu doorannaa aaha noo rara'e Amiirkaynu magacaabannaa uubta noo qodaye Dadka loo igmado shaqadu waa ehel khiyaanaade Rag ay gaalo buug u aqridaa loo irkanayaaye Dhamaan odayadeennoo dhan baa loo arrimiyaaye Kuwa loo aleeggadahayaa waa indho la'aane Indheergarad damiir liyo nin raga iranka loo diidye Mid kastoo aqlileh jagada waa laga ilaashaayeeeeee Kuwa labada aqal jooga waa uubatiyo yeeyoo Iyagiyo abeeso iyo good in isma dhaamaane Qabiil aawadiis bay shacbigi kala irdheeyeene Umal aan harayn bay qalbiga kaga afuufeene Abtirsiinyihiibaa xumaan loo adeegsadaye Inay qolaba meel aaddey waan wada arkaynaaye Ammaan waara iyo nabadna waan wada ishaarnaaye Aqliyada gurracan weeye iyo waxaan isyeelayneeeee Awalul'Amar Masuuloo dadkuba aaminaan jirine Haddana waa arrine doorashaan ola oleeyaane Aqliyada gurracan weeye iyo waxaan isyeelayneeeeeee Rag-baa suluf abaabulahayood wada ogaydeene Haddana waa iyaga waxa kursiga loo igmanayaaye Misna inaanba khayr laga idayn waan oddorosnaaye Aqliyada gurracan weeye iyo waxaan isyeelayneeeee Rag uu cadow adeeg-sanahayaa iib-shey badihiiye Inay noo arrimiyaanna waanka oggolaanaaye Kuwii eel-ka dhigay baa wanaag lagu ammaanaaye Haddana waan ogsoonnahay inay na asaruureene Aqliyada gurracan weeye iyo waxaan isyeelayneeee Ardadii tacliin iyo duruus loo akhriyiwaaye Iskuulkiyo dugsiga ay dhigtaan kuma itaalaane Imtaxaanka iyo barashadaa eber lakeenaaye Akhriskiyo xarfuhu saa'id bay ugu adkaadaane Alifbeeto ruuxii bartaa noo ayaan badaneeeeeeeeeeee Afartaas irdaha maansadiyo ibafurkeedii dheh illinkaan u maro gabayga iyo ililihiisii dheh ilayskii cadceeddoo bixiyo sagal arooryaad dheh Onkod iyo hillaac ololey if iyo muuqiis dheh Astaamaha tixdaan curiyo iyo lama illaawaan dheh Afar kale ujeeddadiyo waa udub dhiggeediiye Abdo iyo masalo weeye aan cidi iswaydiine Inyar dhagaha ii fura mid baan idin ogaysiineeeeeeeeeee Goortii abaar Ina heshiyo omoska jiilaalka Rabbigii na uumaa baryada laga aftaagaaye Ummadaha midoobaa lacago laga amaahdaaye Kufrigayba aamiinsadaan waase amakaage Waana camalladaan eersannood wada arkaysaane Nimcada arladiyo waa dadaan eegin beeraha'o Waa dad aan anfacanayn dhulkiyo oosha waxa yaale Waa dad aan waqood aaminayn waxay abuurtaane Deeq aadmi siiyay rabaan inay irsaaqdaane Allaahu akareey khayrkibay ka indha saabteene Kolley anigu yaabaye wax jira bal aan iswaydiinno Abwaan Dhagacalen qeaxb4mn5g6al7m84q5xj0r9kuuoco1 240454 240453 2022-08-27T13:30:45Z Abwaan Dhagacalen 32529 Gabay waddani ah Abwaan Dhagacalen wikitext text/x-wiki Abwaan Dhagacalen gabay waddani ah Orka luuqda maansooyinkiyo alifka suugaanta Indhawaydba waataan kaharay ururintiisiiye Ma olkeeyo geeraar haddaad igu ogaydeene Waataan ayaamahan tixdii aamusoo xiraye Allifaadda gabay waanigii oodahaw rogaye Hayeeshee afkaygaa bartoon abidki daynayne Oofihiyo waakaa qalbiga Soo amaamudane Inta aanan oran hadalka waa inan afeeftaaye Aayad iyo xaddiis baa cilmiga lagu aroorshaaye Ogaal iyo hubsiinaa runtana lagu adkeeyaaye Uumiyaha hortoodaa xaqana lagu iftiinshaaye Anigoo awaalaha dhabtaa ku ashtakoonaaya Dadoow aragtidaydaan rabaa inaan asteeyaayeeeeeeee Afartaas irdaha maansadiyo ibafurkeedii dheh illinkaan u maro gabayga iyo ililihiisii dheh ilayskii cadceeddoo bixiyo sagal arooryaad dheh Onkod iyo hillaac ololey if iyo muuqiis dheh Astaamaha tixdaan curiyo iyo lama illaawaan dheh Afar kale ujeeddadiyo waa udub dhiggeediiye Abdo iyo masalo weeye aan cidi iswaydiine Inyar dhagaha ii fura wax baan idin ogaysiineeeeeeeeeee Qoomkii ilaah caasiyee diida amarkiisa Raxmaddii alliyo roobku wayka afjarmaaniine Adduunyada wanaaggeeda waa laga aqlaalaaye Abaartiyo colaaduhuna way wada asiibaane Aheey ahe aqliga waxa gadoo ila ahaanwaydey Amuuraha dadkeennii helee lagu ilhaameeyey Ee uunka naga raabayee looga dhigay iinta Qofkastee arkoo dhaada oo garanayoo eega Amakaagga iyo yaabka jira wuu la urugooneeee Inkastoo Abwaan hadalki iyo waano laga oofay Quus lama awaaleeyo iyo doodo anafaaye Hadafkiyo ujeedkaaga waalagu adkaystaaye Arrinkaaga meel aayo laa lagu ogaadaaye Ifaffaallo ii muuqatiyo eegga waxa taagan Iyo siday ahaandoonto baan sii awilayaaye Inta badanba soomaali way garasha awdmeene Waxaa aragtigii uga qafilan oodo dhacameede Qarni idil waxay ku ebyadeen lays afgaranwaaye Arrimaha qabiilkiyo gefkay ku indho beeleene Aaniyo waxay ku aflaxeen eexo iyo boobe Marna oosha ciiddiyo arlada loo arxamiwaaye Ummadnimada oomaalidana ma ixtiraamaane Waa duul inkaar haysatoon ka ilbaxayn reere Oo Ina adeer iyo walaal way ajalayaane Qoys iyaga kammida oo muslima way inkirayaane Ehelnimada carabtiyo turkina way u ololaaneeeeeee Wax ujeedku yahay iyo qisada loo urbixinwaayye Arrin weeye maankiyo qalbigu la anfariiraane Waa xaajo uguboo jirtoon cidi iswaydiine Amuur weeye ruuxii aqli leh la ashqaraaraaye Dadkani uurkutaallo iyo ceeb kama ajoodaane Cibaadada alliyo diinta waalagu abyoodaaye Udgoonoow rasuulkana si dhaba uma addeecaane Eex iyo dulmina waa waxay ku ibtiloobeene Haddaan eebbe noqonna waa la amban doonaayeeeeee Afka dhaqanka ooddiyo midkay aqan wadaageenba Ashahaado kiiyoo qiray kaga afuufaane 8 Amleey bay kuddaabaan dhaqsana iilka galiyaane Inuu cadow uyahay bay haddana ku andacoodaane Islaamnimada falastiinna waw wada ilmeeyaane Dhaqankii awoowiyo katage ab iyo sooyaale Asalkiyo dadnimadiina waa la asaruuraaye Oo ubaxa sookacaya iyo ubad madhowraane Arday iyo ugaas baa la diley uli magaydaaye Wax kastoo ilaah naga xarrimay ulakac loo yeelye Afo iyo amiir iyo la laah oori iyo xaase Waxse eelka dhigay baa layiri unug wadaaddaaye Haddana culima awdiinku way aamusaan badiye Allaaba waa dedaal iyo wuxuun islaaxshaaye Afka looma furo oo wallaan cidi iswaydiine Aafadu kuwii ay heshaan loo isxaanfalineeeeeeeeee Afartaas irdaha maansadiyo ibafurkeedii dheh illinkaan u maro gabayga iyo ililihiisii dheh ilayskii cadceeddoo bixiyo sagal arooryaad dheh Onkod iyo hillaac ololey if iyo muuqiis dheh Astaamaha tixdaan curiyo iyo lama illaawaan dheh Afar kale ujeeddadiyo waa udub dhiggeediiye Abdo iyo masalo weeye aan cidi iswaydiine Inyar dhagaha ii fura mid baan idin ogaysiineeeeeeeeeee Aqoon iyo xil madaxdeennu wayka arradnaadeene Waa magac uyaal uun haddaad muuqa aragtaane Ookuyaalihiyo buugga waa lagu adeegtaaye War idaacad laga sheegay baa lagu amaanaaye Aqli bay ku faanaan iyagu waase eberkoode Allaa igu ogoo sida runtaa Ari ma dhaamaaneeeee Hadba kaan annagu doorannaa aaha noo rara'e Amiirkaynu magacaabannaa uubta noo qodaye Dadka loo igmado shaqadu waa ehel khiyaanaade Rag ay gaalo buug u aqridaa loo irkanayaaye Dhamaan odayadeennoo dhan baa loo arrimiyaaye Kuwa loo aleeggadahayaa waa indho la'aane Indheergarad damiir liyo nin raga iranka loo diidye Mid kastoo aqlileh jagada waa laga ilaashaayeeeeee Kuwa labada aqal jooga waa uubatiyo yeeyoo Iyagiyo abeeso iyo good in isma dhaamaane Qabiil aawadiis bay shacbigi kala irdheeyeene Umal aan harayn bay qalbiga kaga afuufeene Abtirsiinyihiibaa xumaan loo adeegsadaye Inay qolaba meel aaddey waan wada arkaynaaye Ammaan waara iyo nabadna waan wada ishaarnaaye Aqliyada gurracan weeye iyo waxaan isyeelayneeeee Awalul'Amar Masuuloo dadkuba aaminaan jirine Haddana waa arrine doorashaan ola oleeyaane Aqliyada gurracan weeye iyo waxaan isyeelayneeeeeee Rag-baa suluf abaabulahayood wada ogaydeene Haddana waa iyaga waxa kursiga loo igmanayaaye Misna inaanba khayr laga idayn waan oddorosnaaye Aqliyada gurracan weeye iyo waxaan isyeelayneeeee Rag uu cadow adeeg-sanahayaa iib-shey badihiiye Inay noo arrimiyaanna waanka oggolaanaaye Kuwii eel-ka dhigay baa wanaag lagu ammaanaaye Haddana waan ogsoonnahay inay na asaruureene Aqliyada gurracan weeye iyo waxaan isyeelayneeee Ardadii tacliin iyo duruus loo akhriyiwaaye Iskuulkiyo dugsiga ay dhigtaan kuma itaalaane Imtaxaanka iyo barashadaa eber lakeenaaye Akhriskiyo xarfuhu saa'id bay ugu adkaadaane Alifbeeto ruuxii bartaa noo ayaan badaneeeeeeeeeeee Afartaas irdaha maansadiyo ibafurkeedii dheh illinkaan u maro gabayga iyo ililihiisii dheh ilayskii cadceeddoo bixiyo sagal arooryaad dheh Onkod iyo hillaac ololey if iyo muuqiis dheh Astaamaha tixdaan curiyo iyo lama illaawaan dheh Afar kale ujeeddadiyo waa udub dhiggeediiye Abdo iyo masalo weeye aan cidi iswaydiine Inyar dhagaha ii fura mid baan idin ogaysiineeeeeeeeeee Goortii abaar Ina heshiyo omoska jiilaalka Rabbigii na uumaa baryada laga aftaagaaye Ummadaha midoobaa lacago laga amaahdaaye Kufrigayba aamiinsadaan waase amakaage Waana camalladaan eersannood wada arkaysaane Nimcada arladiyo waa dadaan eegin beeraha'o Waa dad aan anfacanayn dhulkiyo oosha waxa yaale Waa dad aan waqood aaminayn waxay abuurtaane Deeq aadmi siiyay rabaan inay irsaaqdaane Allaahu akareey khayrkibay ka indha saabteene Kolley anigu yaabaye wax jira bal aan iswaydiinno Abwaan Dhagacalen 9z75wgdwaq1sbxh1jzaib2ndzzaqou1 4 36859 240455 2022-08-27T13:31:15Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 Bog cusub: Maqaalkani waxa uu bixiyaa tababbarka tafatirka. =Tafatirka qoraalka= *<code><nowiki>'''Qoraal'''</nowiki></code> qoraal geesinimo leh. *<code><nowiki>''Qoraal''</nowiki></code> qoraalka italiig leh. =Ku darida tixraac= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><ref>Qoraal</ref></nowiki></code> wikitext text/x-wiki Maqaalkani waxa uu bixiyaa tababbarka tafatirka. =Tafatirka qoraalka= *<code><nowiki>'''Qoraal'''</nowiki></code> qoraal geesinimo leh. *<code><nowiki>''Qoraal''</nowiki></code> qoraalka italiig leh. =Ku darida tixraac= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><ref>Qoraal</ref></nowiki></code> b6n8cb5e6ogjlz7hzj1fsubvi2uhkcn 240456 240455 2022-08-27T13:34:03Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki Maqaalkani waxa uu bixiyaa tababbarka tafatirka. =Tafatirka qoraalka= *<code><nowiki>'''Qoraal'''</nowiki></code> qoraal geesinimo leh.</br> Natiijo: '''Qoraal''' *<code><nowiki>''Qoraal''</nowiki></code> qoraalka italiig leh.</br> Natiijo: ''Qoraal'' *<code><nowiki>[[Qoraal]]</nowiki></code> si aad qoraalka uga dhigto xiriir gudaha ah.</br> Natiijo: [[Qoraal]] =Ku darida tixraac= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><ref>Qoraal</ref></nowiki></code> 4jci4p4b9p69jgn90rilg5wrgu93265 240457 240456 2022-08-27T13:34:31Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki Maqaalkani waxa uu bixiyaa tababbarka tafatirka. =Tafatirka qoraalka= *<code><nowiki>'''Qoraal'''</nowiki></code> qoraal geesinimo leh.</br> :Natiijo: '''Qoraal''' *<code><nowiki>''Qoraal''</nowiki></code> qoraalka italiig leh.</br> :Natiijo: ''Qoraal'' *<code><nowiki>[[Qoraal]]</nowiki></code> si aad qoraalka uga dhigto xiriir gudaha ah.</br> :Natiijo: [[Qoraal]] =Ku darida tixraac= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><ref>Qoraal</ref></nowiki></code> n2zwf0q675odxb7sx4hfi05bjd2rvy2 240458 240457 2022-08-27T13:35:17Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki Maqaalkani waxa uu bixiyaa tababbarka tafatirka. =Tafatirka qoraalka= *<code><nowiki>'''Qoraal'''</nowiki></code> qoraal geesinimo leh.</br> :Natiijo: '''Qoraal''' *<code><nowiki>''Qoraal''</nowiki></code> qoraalka italiig leh.</br> :Natiijo: ''Qoraal'' *<code><nowiki>[[Qoraal]]</nowiki></code> si aad qoraalka uga dhigto xiriir gudaha ah.</br> :Natiijo: [[Qoraal]] =Ku darida tixraac= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><ref>Qoraal</ref></nowiki></code> Natiijo: <ref>Qoraal</ref> m9uwzet1y0a5yy7yivqwno3mc1lpfhk 240459 240458 2022-08-27T13:37:21Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 /* Ku darida tixraac */ wikitext text/x-wiki Maqaalkani waxa uu bixiyaa tababbarka tafatirka. =Tafatirka qoraalka= *<code><nowiki>'''Qoraal'''</nowiki></code> qoraal geesinimo leh.</br> :Natiijo: '''Qoraal''' *<code><nowiki>''Qoraal''</nowiki></code> qoraalka italiig leh.</br> :Natiijo: ''Qoraal'' *<code><nowiki>[[Qoraal]]</nowiki></code> si aad qoraalka uga dhigto xiriir gudaha ah.</br> :Natiijo: [[Qoraal]] =Ku darida tixraac= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><ref>Qoraal</ref></nowiki></code></br> Natiijo: <ref>Qoraal</ref> =Abuur liiska tixraaca= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code></br> ama</br> <code><nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki></code></br> Natiijo: {{reflist}} eolyy4jhhfpmkvrzxjfd5ie2qngcwi0 240460 240459 2022-08-27T13:41:30Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki Maqaalkani waxa uu bixiyaa tababbarka tafatirka. =Tafatirka qoraalka= *<code><nowiki>'''Qoraal'''</nowiki></code> qoraal geesinimo leh.</br> :Natiijo: '''Qoraal''' *<code><nowiki>''Qoraal''</nowiki></code> qoraalka italiig leh.</br> :Natiijo: ''Qoraal'' *<code><nowiki>[[Qoraal]]</nowiki></code> si aad qoraalka uga dhigto xiriir gudaha ah.</br> :Natiijo: [[Qoraal]] =Ku darida tixraac= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><ref>Qoraal</ref></nowiki></code></br> Natiijo: <ref>Qoraal</ref> =Abuur liiska tixraaca= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code></br> ama</br> <code><nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki></code></br> Natiijo: {{reflist}} =Geli sawirka= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki>[[File:(Magaca faylka).qaabka faylka]]</nowiki></code></br> Tusaale ahaan, geli <code><nowiki>Wikipedia.svg</nowiki></code></br> Natiijo:</br> [[File:Wikipedia.svg]] cfkd8bz3q76a9poe5u3fdh8ch17hp19 240461 240460 2022-08-27T13:48:18Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 /* Geli sawirka */ wikitext text/x-wiki Maqaalkani waxa uu bixiyaa tababbarka tafatirka. =Tafatirka qoraalka= *<code><nowiki>'''Qoraal'''</nowiki></code> qoraal geesinimo leh.</br> :Natiijo: '''Qoraal''' *<code><nowiki>''Qoraal''</nowiki></code> qoraalka italiig leh.</br> :Natiijo: ''Qoraal'' *<code><nowiki>[[Qoraal]]</nowiki></code> si aad qoraalka uga dhigto xiriir gudaha ah.</br> :Natiijo: [[Qoraal]] =Ku darida tixraac= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><ref>Qoraal</ref></nowiki></code></br> Natiijo: <ref>Qoraal</ref> =Abuur liiska tixraaca= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code></br> ama</br> <code><nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki></code></br> Natiijo: {{reflist}} =Geli sawirka= *Isticmaal koodka:</br> :<code><nowiki>[[File:(Magaca faylka).qaabka faylka]]</nowiki></code></br> :Tusaale ahaan, geli <code><nowiki>Wikipedia.svg</nowiki></code></br> :Waxay ka dhigan tahay <code><nowiki>[[File:Wikipedia.svg]]</nowiki></code></br> :Natiijo:</br> :[[File:Wikipedia.svg]] *Si loogu daro sharaxaad, geli: <code><nowiki>[[File:(Magaca faylka).qaabka faylka|thumb|qoraal]]</nowiki></code></br> :Tusaale ahaan, geli <code><nowiki>Wikipedia.svg</nowiki></code></br> :Waxay ka dhigan tahay <code><nowiki>[[File:Wikipedia.svg|thumb|qoraal]]</nowiki></code> :Natiijo:</br> :[[File:Wikipedia.svg|thumb|qoraal]] 9hmcyv40p01egvxqr0g8ae27k8t85bd 240465 240461 2022-08-27T13:54:30Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 /* Geli sawirka */ wikitext text/x-wiki Maqaalkani waxa uu bixiyaa tababbarka tafatirka. =Tafatirka qoraalka= *<code><nowiki>'''Qoraal'''</nowiki></code> qoraal geesinimo leh.</br> :Natiijo: '''Qoraal''' *<code><nowiki>''Qoraal''</nowiki></code> qoraalka italiig leh.</br> :Natiijo: ''Qoraal'' *<code><nowiki>[[Qoraal]]</nowiki></code> si aad qoraalka uga dhigto xiriir gudaha ah.</br> :Natiijo: [[Qoraal]] =Ku darida tixraac= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><ref>Qoraal</ref></nowiki></code></br> Natiijo: <ref>Qoraal</ref> =Abuur liiska tixraaca= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code></br> ama</br> <code><nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki></code></br> Natiijo: {{reflist}} =Geli sawirka= *Isticmaal koodka:</br> :<code><nowiki>[[File:(Magaca faylka).qaabka faylka]]</nowiki></code></br> :Tusaale ahaan, geli <code><nowiki>Wikipedia.svg</nowiki></code></br> :Waxay ka dhigan tahay <code><nowiki>[[File:Wikipedia.svg]]</nowiki></code></br> :Natiijo:</br> :[[File:Wikipedia.svg]] *Si loogu daro sharaxaad, geli: <code><nowiki>[[File:(Magaca faylka).qaabka faylka|thumb|qoraal]]</nowiki></code></br> :Tusaale ahaan, geli <code><nowiki>Wikipedia.svg</nowiki></code></br> :Waxay ka dhigan tahay <code><nowiki>[[File:Wikipedia.svg|thumb|qoraal]]</nowiki></code> :Natiijo:</br> :[[File:Wikipedia.svg|thumb|qoraal]] =Ku dar qaybo= *<code><nowiki>=Qaybta=</code></nowiki> qaybta heerka koowaad *<code><nowiki>==Qaybta==</code></nowiki> qaybta heerka labaad *<code><nowiki>===Qaybta===</code></nowiki> qaybta heerka saddexaad *<code><nowiki>====Qaybta====</code></nowiki> qaybta heerka afraad 717sx7bk4p01pttf1wg6nilpv7aj87c 240466 240465 2022-08-27T13:55:30Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 /* Ku dar qaybo */ wikitext text/x-wiki Maqaalkani waxa uu bixiyaa tababbarka tafatirka. =Tafatirka qoraalka= *<code><nowiki>'''Qoraal'''</nowiki></code> qoraal geesinimo leh.</br> :Natiijo: '''Qoraal''' *<code><nowiki>''Qoraal''</nowiki></code> qoraalka italiig leh.</br> :Natiijo: ''Qoraal'' *<code><nowiki>[[Qoraal]]</nowiki></code> si aad qoraalka uga dhigto xiriir gudaha ah.</br> :Natiijo: [[Qoraal]] =Ku darida tixraac= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><ref>Qoraal</ref></nowiki></code></br> Natiijo: <ref>Qoraal</ref> =Abuur liiska tixraaca= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code></br> ama</br> <code><nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki></code></br> Natiijo: {{reflist}} =Geli sawirka= *Isticmaal koodka:</br> :<code><nowiki>[[File:(Magaca faylka).qaabka faylka]]</nowiki></code></br> :Tusaale ahaan, geli <code><nowiki>Wikipedia.svg</nowiki></code></br> :Waxay ka dhigan tahay <code><nowiki>[[File:Wikipedia.svg]]</nowiki></code></br> :Natiijo:</br> :[[File:Wikipedia.svg]] *Si loogu daro sharaxaad, geli: <code><nowiki>[[File:(Magaca faylka).qaabka faylka|thumb|qoraal]]</nowiki></code></br> :Tusaale ahaan, geli <code><nowiki>Wikipedia.svg</nowiki></code></br> :Waxay ka dhigan tahay <code><nowiki>[[File:Wikipedia.svg|thumb|qoraal]]</nowiki></code> :Natiijo:</br> :[[File:Wikipedia.svg|thumb|qoraal]] =Ku dar qaybo= *<code><nowiki>=Qaybta=</nowiki></code> qaybta heerka koowaad *<code><nowiki>==Qaybta==</nowiki></code> qaybta heerka labaad *<code><nowiki>===Qaybta===</nowiki></code> qaybta heerka saddexaad *<code><nowiki>====Qaybta====</nowiki></code> qaybta heerka afraad rwkai99s1hhcd89lzvpgrjmai673xxw 240467 240466 2022-08-27T13:56:24Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 wikitext text/x-wiki Maqaalkani waxa uu bixiyaa tababbarka tafatirka. *[[Sida loo saxo|Eeg nooca la soo dejisan karo]] =Tafatirka qoraalka= *<code><nowiki>'''Qoraal'''</nowiki></code> qoraal geesinimo leh.</br> :Natiijo: '''Qoraal''' *<code><nowiki>''Qoraal''</nowiki></code> qoraalka italiig leh.</br> :Natiijo: ''Qoraal'' *<code><nowiki>[[Qoraal]]</nowiki></code> si aad qoraalka uga dhigto xiriir gudaha ah.</br> :Natiijo: [[Qoraal]] =Ku darida tixraac= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><ref>Qoraal</ref></nowiki></code></br> Natiijo: <ref>Qoraal</ref> =Abuur liiska tixraaca= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code></br> ama</br> <code><nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki></code></br> Natiijo: {{reflist}} =Geli sawirka= *Isticmaal koodka:</br> :<code><nowiki>[[File:(Magaca faylka).qaabka faylka]]</nowiki></code></br> :Tusaale ahaan, geli <code><nowiki>Wikipedia.svg</nowiki></code></br> :Waxay ka dhigan tahay <code><nowiki>[[File:Wikipedia.svg]]</nowiki></code></br> :Natiijo:</br> :[[File:Wikipedia.svg]] *Si loogu daro sharaxaad, geli: <code><nowiki>[[File:(Magaca faylka).qaabka faylka|thumb|qoraal]]</nowiki></code></br> :Tusaale ahaan, geli <code><nowiki>Wikipedia.svg</nowiki></code></br> :Waxay ka dhigan tahay <code><nowiki>[[File:Wikipedia.svg|thumb|qoraal]]</nowiki></code> :Natiijo:</br> :[[File:Wikipedia.svg|thumb|qoraal]] =Ku dar qaybo= *<code><nowiki>=Qaybta=</nowiki></code> qaybta heerka koowaad *<code><nowiki>==Qaybta==</nowiki></code> qaybta heerka labaad *<code><nowiki>===Qaybta===</nowiki></code> qaybta heerka saddexaad *<code><nowiki>====Qaybta====</nowiki></code> qaybta heerka afraad 5pxnu007h9ogl83v0e0tx3ta9h1d1b7 0 36860 240468 2022-08-27T13:58:28Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 Bog cusub: Maqaalkani waxa uu bixiyaa tababbarka tafatirka. *[[WP:Sida loo saxo|Eeg rasmi ah]] =Tafatirka qoraalka= *<code><nowiki>'''Qoraal'''</nowiki></code> qoraal geesinimo leh.</br> :Natiijo: '''Qoraal''' *<code><nowiki>''Qoraal''</nowiki></code> qoraalka italiig leh.</br> :Natiijo: ''Qoraal'' *<code><nowiki>[[Qoraal]]</nowiki></code> si aad qoraalka uga dhigto xiriir gudaha ah.</br> :Natiijo: [[Qoraal]] =Ku darida tixraac= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><ref>Qoraal</ref></nowik... wikitext text/x-wiki Maqaalkani waxa uu bixiyaa tababbarka tafatirka. *[[WP:Sida loo saxo|Eeg rasmi ah]] =Tafatirka qoraalka= *<code><nowiki>'''Qoraal'''</nowiki></code> qoraal geesinimo leh.</br> :Natiijo: '''Qoraal''' *<code><nowiki>''Qoraal''</nowiki></code> qoraalka italiig leh.</br> :Natiijo: ''Qoraal'' *<code><nowiki>[[Qoraal]]</nowiki></code> si aad qoraalka uga dhigto xiriir gudaha ah.</br> :Natiijo: [[Qoraal]] =Ku darida tixraac= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><ref>Qoraal</ref></nowiki></code></br> Natiijo: <ref>Qoraal</ref> =Abuur liiska tixraaca= Isticmaal koodka:</br> <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code></br> ama</br> <code><nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki></code></br> Natiijo: {{reflist}} =Geli sawirka= *Isticmaal koodka:</br> :<code><nowiki>[[File:(Magaca faylka).qaabka faylka]]</nowiki></code></br> :Tusaale ahaan, geli <code><nowiki>Wikipedia.svg</nowiki></code></br> :Waxay ka dhigan tahay <code><nowiki>[[File:Wikipedia.svg]]</nowiki></code></br> :Natiijo:</br> :[[File:Wikipedia.svg]] *Si loogu daro sharaxaad, geli: <code><nowiki>[[File:(Magaca faylka).qaabka faylka|thumb|qoraal]]</nowiki></code></br> :Tusaale ahaan, geli <code><nowiki>Wikipedia.svg</nowiki></code></br> :Waxay ka dhigan tahay <code><nowiki>[[File:Wikipedia.svg|thumb|qoraal]]</nowiki></code> :Natiijo:</br> :[[File:Wikipedia.svg|thumb|qoraal]] =Ku dar qaybo= *<code><nowiki>=Qaybta=</nowiki></code> qaybta heerka koowaad *<code><nowiki>==Qaybta==</nowiki></code> qaybta heerka labaad *<code><nowiki>===Qaybta===</nowiki></code> qaybta heerka saddexaad *<code><nowiki>====Qaybta====</nowiki></code> qaybta heerka afraad 7sjlev50fvn2fwtpwjt4apjsdsgr25v 4 36861 240469 2022-08-27T13:59:24Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 Bog loo bedeley [[Wikipedia:Sida loo saxo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[WP:Sida loo saxo]] 31m1mgk7lkg2e2hwgskkbgu40gmvuf1 0 36862 240470 2022-08-27T13:59:56Z EnsiklopediaXylon 31252 Bog loo bedeley [[Sida loo saxo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Sida loo saxo]] 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