Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.8 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2114 299703 298733 2026-06-27T08:43:50Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Awood sare iyo dagaal qabow */ Fixed grammar 299703 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruushka''' , ama '''Federaalka Ruushka''' , waa waddan ku baahsan Bariga [[Yurub]] iyo Waqooyiga [[Aasiya]] . Waa dalka ugu wayn aduunka , wuxuuna ku fidsan yahay kow iyo toban wakhti , wuxuuna xuduud dhuleed la wadaagaa afar iyo toban wadan . In ka badan 140 milyan oo qof, Ruushku waa dalka ugu dadka badan Yurub waana waddanka sagaalaad ee ugu dadka badan adduunka . Waa waddan si heersare ah loo magaaleeyay , iyadoo lix iyo toban ka mid ah magaalooyinka ay deggan yihiin in ka badan 1 milyan oo qof. Moscow , oo ah magaalada ugu dadka badan [[Yurub]] , waa caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn Ruushka , halka [[Saint Petersburg ]]ay tahay magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn iyo xarunta dhaqanka .{{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Ruushka Federaalka | common_name = Ruushka | linking_name = Ruushka | native_name = {{native name|ru|Российская Федерация}} | image_flag = Flag of Russia.svg | image_coat = Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg | national_anthem = <br />{{nowrap|{{lang|ru|Государственный гимн Российской Федерации}}}}<br /> <br />"[[Heesta Gobolka ee Federaalka Ruushka]]"{{center|[[File:National Anthem of Russia (2000), instrumental, one verse.ogg]] }} | image_map = Russian Federation (orthographic projection) - All Territorial Disputes.svg | map_width = 250px | map_caption = Ruushka ee dunida. Dhulalka lagu muransan yahay waxaa lagu muujiyay cagaar khafiif ah.{{Efn|[[Crimea]] was [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|annexed by Russia]] in 2014. However, it is still [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262|internationally seen]] as a part of Ukraine.<ref name="dispute">{{cite web |last=Pifer |first=Steven |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/03/17/crimea-six-years-after-illegal-annexation/ |title=Crimea: Six years after illegal annexation |publisher=[[Brookings Institute]] |date=17 March 2020 |access-date=30 November 2021 |archive-date=14 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414045104/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/03/17/crimea-six-years-after-illegal-annexation/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson, and Zaporizhzhia oblasts were also [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts|annexed]] (but only partly controlled) in 2022. They are [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/4|internationally seen]] as a part of Ukraine. The southernmost [[Kuril Islands]] are claimed by both Japan and Russia after the Soviet occupation of the islands at the end of World War II.<ref name="chapple-2019">{{cite web |last=Chapple |first=Amos |title=The Kurile Islands: Why Russia And Japan Never Made Peace After World War II |date=4 January 2019 |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/the-disputed-islands-where-world-war-2-never-ended/28402307.html |access-date=26 January 2022 |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |archive-date=8 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408173647/https://www.rferl.org/a/the-disputed-islands-where-world-war-2-never-ended/28402307.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | capital = [[Moskow]] | coordinates = {{Coord|55|45|21|N|37|37|02|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | languages_type = Afka rasmiga ah iyo kan qaranka<br /> | languages = [[Af-Ruush|Ruush]]<ref name="Russian">{{cite journal |last=Chevalier |first=Joan F. |title=Russian as the National Language: An Overview of Language Planning in the Russian Federation |jstor=43669126 |journal=Russian Language Journal |pages=25–36 |volume=56 |year=2006 |publisher=American Councils for International Education ACTR / ACCELS}}</ref> | languages2_type = [[afka qaranka]] | languages2 = Eeg [[Luqadaha Ruushka]] | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 71.7% [[Ruush|Ruush]] | 3.2% [[Tataarka|Tataarka]] | 1.1% [[Jeejniya|Jeejniya]] | 1.1% [[Bashkirs|Bashkir]] | 22.9% [[Qowmiyadaha Ruushka|Kuwa kale]] ama aan la sheegin }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2021, oo ay ku jiraan Ruushka iyo Crimea | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name=EthnicGroups2021>{{cite web|title=Национальный состав населения|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]|accessdate=30 December 2022|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230204643/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx|url-status=live}}</ref> | demonym = Ruush | government_type = [[Semi-madaxweyne|Jamhuuriyad isku dhafan]] hoos a [[kali talisnimo]] [[kalitalisnimo]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxweynaha Ruushka|Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = [[Vladimir Putin]] | leader_title2 = [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Ruushka|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | leader_name2 = [[Mikhail Mishustin]] | leader_title3 = [[Guddoomiyaha Golaha Federaalka (Ruushka)|Afhayeenka<br />Golaha Federaalka]] | leader_name3 = [[Valentina Matviyenko]] | leader_title4 = [[Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Duma|Afhayeenka<br />Duma Gobolka]] | leader_name4 = [[Vyacheslav Volodin]] | leader_title5 = [[Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Ruushka|Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare]] | leader_name5 = [[Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Lebedev|Vyacheslav Lebedev]] | legislature = [[Aqalka Federaalka (Ruushka )|Aqalka Federaalka]] | upper_house = [[Golaha Federaalka (Russia)|Golaha Federaalka]] | lower_house = [[Duma Gobolka]] | sovereignty_type = [[Taariikhda Ruushka|Saameynta]] | established_event1 = {{nowrap|[[Kievan Rus']]}} | established_date1 = 882 | established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[Vladimir-Suzdal]]}} | established_date2 = 1157 | established_event3 = [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Grand Duchy of<br>Moscow]] | established_date3 = 1282 | established_event4 = [[Boqortooyada Ruushka]] | established_date4 = 16 January 1547 | established_event5 = [[Ruushka Empire]] | established_date5 = 2 Nofeembar 1721 | established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[Kacaankii Febraayo|Boqortooyadii waa la baabi'iyay]]}} | established_date6 = 15 March 1917 | established_event7 = {{nowrap|[[:en:Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|Soviet Union]]}} | established_date7 = 30 December 1922 | established_event8 = {{nowrap|[[:en:Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Declaration of State<br>Sovereignty]]}} | established_date8 = 12 Juun1990 | established_event9 = {{nowrap|[[Belovezha Accords|Russian Federation]]}} | established_date9 = 12 December 1991 | established_event10 = [[Dastuurka Ruushka|Dastuurka hadda jira]] | established_date10 = 12 December 1993 | established_event11 = [[Gobolka Midowga|Dawlad-goboleedka la dhisay]] | established_date11 = 8 December 1999 | area_km2 = 17098246 | area_footnote = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publications/pocketbook/files/world-stats-pocketbook-2016.pdf#page=182 |title=Buuga jeebka ee tirakoobka aduunka daabacaadda 2016 |publisher=Waaxda Dhaqaalaha iyo Arrimaha Bulshada ee Qaramada Midoobay. Qaybta Tirakoobka |access-date=24 April 2018 |archive-date=4 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804041700/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publications/pocketbook/files/world-stats-pocketbook-2016.pdf#page=182 |url-status=live }}</ref> (gudaha xuduudaha caalamiga ah ee la aqoonsan yahay) {{Convert|17,234,028|km2|abbr=on}} (oo ay ku jiraan dhulalka lagu muransan yahay) | area_rank = 1aad | percent_water = 13<ref name=gen>{{cite web |title=The Russian federation: general characteristics |url=http://www.gks.ru/scripts/free/1c.exe?XXXX09F.2.1/010000R |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728064121/http://www.gks.ru/scripts/free/1c.exe?XXXX09F.2.1%2F010000R |archive-date=28 July 2011 |website=Federal State Statistics Service |access-date=5 April 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> (oo ay ku jiraan dhiiqo) | population_estimate = {{plainlist| [[File:Increase Neutral.svg|12px|border]] 146,028,325 (oo ay ku jirto Crimea)<ref name="census2021">Including 2,482,450 people living on the [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|annexed]] [[Crimea|Crimean Peninsula]] {{cite web |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn_popul |script-title=ru:Том 1. Численность и размещение населения |language=ru |work=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Russian Federal State Statistics Service]] |access-date=3 September 2022 |archive-date=24 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124160257/http://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn_popul |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="gks.ru-popul">{{cite web |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/PrPopul2022_Site.xls |format=XLS |script-title=ru:Предварительная оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2022 года и в среднем за 2021 год |trans-title=Preliminary estimated population as of 1 January 2022 and on the average for 2021 |language=ru |work=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Russian Federal State Statistics Service]] |access-date=30 January 2022 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324230246/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/PrPopul2022_Site.xls |url-status=live }}</ref>}} [[File:Increase Neutral.svg|12px|border]] 144,699,673 (marka laga reebo Crimea)<ref name="gks.ru-popul"/> | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_estimate_rank = 9aad | population_density_km2 = 8.4 | population_density_sq_mi = 21.5 | population_density_rank = 181aad | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $7.192 tiriliyan<ref name="IMFWEORU">{{cite web|url="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=922,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2023&ey=2030&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1title="Daabacaadda Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025. (Ruushka)"|access-date=2023-05-05|archive-date=2023-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425152149/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/weo-report?c=922,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2022&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|url-status=live}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_rank =4aad | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $49,383<ref name="IMFWEORU"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =43aad | GDP_nominal = [[File:Decrease2.svg|12px|border]] $2.076 tiriliyan<ref name="IMFWEORU"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_rank =11aad | GDP_nominal_per_capita = [[File:Decrease2.svg|12px|border]] $14,258<ref name="IMFWEORU"/><ref>{{Cite web|url="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=922,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2023&ey=2030&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title="Daabacaadda Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025. (Ruushka)"|language=en|website=ceicdata.com |date=2024-09-30|access-date=2024-12-27}} - Russia Monthly Earnings stood at US$924 in Sep 2024, compared with the previous figure of US$924 in Aug 2024.</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =65aad | Gini = 36.0 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2020 | Gini_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="WBgini">{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=RU |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) – Russian Federation |publisher=World Bank |access-date=23 June 2022 |archive-date=13 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513214250/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=RU |url-status=live }}</ref> | HDI = 0.832<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=8 September 2022|access-date=8 September 2022|archive-date=9 October 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 52aad | currency = [[Russian ruble|Ruble]] ([[₽]]) | currency_code = RUB | utc_offset = +2 to +12 | drives_on = Sax | calling_code = [[Nambarada telefoonka ee Ruushka|+7]] | cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.ru]]|[[.рф]]}} | religion_year = 2023 | religion_ref = <ref name="Передача иконы «Троица» Русской православной церкви">{{cite web|title=Передача иконы «Троица» Русской православной церкви|url=https://fom.ru/TSennosti/14888|publisher=Фонд Общественное Мнение, ФОМ (Public Opinion Foundation)|language=ru|date=22 June 2023}}</ref><ref name="Передача иконы «Троица» Русской православной церкви–Tables">{{cite web|title=Передача иконы «Троица» Русской православной церкви|url=https://fom.ru/posts/download/14888|publisher=Фонд Общественное Мнение, ФОМ (Public Opinion Foundation)|language=ru|date=22 June 2023}}</ref> | religion = {{ublist|item_style=white-space;|{{Tree list}} * 62% [[Christianity in Russia|Christianity]] ** 61% [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]] ** 1% other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]] {{Tree list/end}}| 24% [[Irreligion|no religion]]|5% [[Islam in Russia|Islam]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Regional Division of Muslim population in Russia|work=Research Gate|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348448272|access-date=22 February 2024}}</ref>|2% [[Religion in Russia|other]] (including [[Buddhism in Russia|Buddhism]])|4% unanswered}} }}Dejinta aadanaha ee dhulka Ruushka casriga ah waxay dib ugu soo noqotaa Paleolithic Hoose .Bariga Slavs waxay u soo baxeen koox la aqoonsan yahay Yurub intii u dhaxaysay qarniyadii 3aad iyo 8aad ee AD. Dawladdii ugu horreysay ee Bariga Slavic, Kievan Rus ' , waxay soo baxday qarnigii 9aad, 988, waxay qaadatay Masiixiyadda Ortodokska ee Boqortooyada Byzantine . Kievan Rus 'ugu dambeyntii wuu burburay; Grand Duchy ee [[Moskow]] ayaa horseeday midaynta dhulalka Ruushka, taasoo keentay in lagu dhawaaqo Tsardom ee Ruushka 1547. Horraantii qarnigii 18aad, Ruushku wuxuu si weyn u ballaariyay iyada oo la adeegsanayo qabsashadii, isku-darka, iyo dadaalka sahamiyeyaasha Ruushka , horumarinta Boqortooyada Ruushka , taas oo weli ah boqortooyadii saddexaad ee ugu weyn taariikhda . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kacaankii Ruushka ee 1917, taliskii Boqortooyada Ruushka waa la baabi'iyay oo ugu dambeyntii lagu beddelay Ruushka SFSR - dawladdii ugu horreysay ee dastuuri ah oo hantiwadaag ah . Ka dib Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Ruushka , Ruushka SFSR wuxuu aasaasay Midowga Soofiyeeti oo leh saddex jamhuuriyadood oo kale oo Soofiyeedka , kaas oo ahaa kii ugu weynaa uguna muhiimsanaa. Midowgii Soofiyeeti waxa uu ku tallaabsaday warshadaynta degdega ah 1930-meeyadii , xilligaas oo ay malaayiin qof ku dhinteen taliskii Joseph Stalin , ka dibna waxa uu door muhiim ah ka qaatay xulafadii dagaalkii 2-aad ee adduunka isaga oo hormuud ka ahaa dedaallo ballaadhan oo dhinaca Bariga ah . Markii uu billowday. dagaalkii qaboobaa , waxa ay kula tartamaysay Maraykanka sidii ay fikrado iyo saamayn caalami ah ugu yeelan lahayd . Waagii Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee Qarnigii 20-aad waxa la arkay qaar ka mid ah guulihii teknoloojiyada ee Ruushku ugu mudnaa oo ay ka mid ahaayeen dayax-gacmeedkii ugu horreeyay ee bini’aadmigu sameeyo iyo duullaankii ugu horreeyay ee bani’aadamku ku galay hawada sare .Sannadkii 1991-kii, SFSR-ta Ruushka ayaa ka soo baxday burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti ee Ruushka.waxa uu ku lug lahaa tiro colaado ah oo ka dhacay dalalkii hore ee Soofiyeedka iyo dalal kale , oo ay ku jiraan dagaalkii uu la galay Georgia 2008 iyo dagaalkii uu kula jiray Ukraine tan iyo 2014. Kii dambe wuxuu ku lug lahaa la-qabsiga caalamiga ah ee aan la aqoonsanayn ee dhulka Yukreeniyaan, oo ay ku jiraan Crimea 2014 iyo afar gobol oo kale 2022 , intii lagu jiray duulaanka socda . Ruushka guud ahaan waxa lagu tiriyaa quwad weyn waana awood goboleed , waxa uu haystaa kaydka ugu badan ee hubka nukliyeerka iyo waxa uu leeyahay kharashka sadexaad ee ugu kharashka badan milatariga aduunka . Waxay leedahay dhaqaale aad u sarreeya oo ah kow iyo tobnaad ee ugu weyn adduunka marka loo eego GDP-ga magac ahaan iyo tan afraad ee ugu weyn PPP , iyada oo ku tiirsan kheyraadka badan ee macdanta iyo tamarta , taas oo ah kaalinta labaad ee ugu weyn adduunka ee wax soo saarka shidaalka iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah .Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ruushku waxa uu aad ugu hooseeyaa cabbiraadda caalamiga ah ee dimoqraadiyadda , xuquuqul insaanka iyo xorriyadda saxaafadda , waxa kale oo uu leeyahay heerar sare oo musuqmaasuq la dareemo .Waa xubin joogta ah oo ka tirsan Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay ; dal xubin ka ah G20 , SCO , BRICS , APEC , OSCE , iyo WTO ; iyo dawlada xubinta ka ah ururada ka dambeeya Soviet-ka sida CIS , CSTO , iyo EAEU . Ruushku waxa uu hoy u yahay 32 goobood oo dhaxalka aduunka ee UNESCO ==Asalka erayga== Sida laga soo xigtay Qaamuuska Ingiriisiga Oxford , magaca Ingiriisiga ee Ruushka ayaa markii ugu horreysay soo muuqday qarnigii 14aad, oo laga soo qaatay Latin Medieval : Russia , oo la isticmaali jiray qarnigii 11aad iyo inta badan ilo Ingiriis ah qarnigii 12aad, oo markeeda laga soo qaatay Ruushka , 'Ruushka' iyo daba-galka -ia . Waxaa jira erayo dhowr ah oo Ruush ah oo u tarjuma "Ruushka" Ingiriisiga. Magaca iyo sifada русский , russkiy waxa loola jeedaa qoomiyadda Ruushka . Sifada российский , rossiiskiy waxay tilmaamaysaa muwaadiniinta Ruushka iyada oo aan loo eegin qowmiyadda. Isla sidaas oo kale waxay khuseysaa magaca dhowaan la sameeyay ee россиянин , rossianyn , macnaha muwaadinka Ruushka. Magacyada ugu da'da weyn ee la adeegsaday waxay ahaayeen Rus ' ( Русь ) iyo "Dhulka Ruushka" ( Русская земля , Russkaya zemlya ). Sida laga soo xigtay Chronicle Primary , ereyga Rus ' wuxuu ka yimid dadka Ruushka , kuwaas oo ahaa qabiil Swedish ah , iyo halka ay ka yimaadeen saddexdii xubnood ee asalka ahaa ee reer Rurikid . Erayga Finnishka ee Iswiidhishka, ruotsi , wuxuu leeyahay asal isku mid ah. Taariikhda casriga ah ee casriga ah, dawladdii dhexe ee dhexe ee bariga Slavic waxaa badanaa loo yaqaan Kievan Rus ' , oo lagu magacaabo caasimaddeeda. Magaca kale ee Laatiinka dhexe ee Rus ' wuxuu ahaa Ruthenia . Ruushka, magaca hadda ee dalka, Россия ( Rossiya ), wuxuu ka yimid magaca Giriigga Byzantine Ρωσία ( Rosía ). Magaca Росия ( Rosiya ) ayaa markii ugu horreysay la xaqiijiyay 1387. Magaca Rossiya wuxuu ka soo muuqday ilaha Ruushka qarnigii 15aad wuxuuna bilaabay inuu beddelo Rus- ka-yaqaanka ' intii uu kor u kacday Moscow oo ah xarunta dhexe ee Ruushka midaysan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilaa dhamaadkii qarnigii 17aad, dalka waxaa inta badan loo tixraaco dadka deggan sida Rus ' , "Dhulka Ruushka" ( Russkaya zemlya ), ama "Muscovite state" ( Moskovskoye gosudarstvo ), iyo kala duwanaansho kale. Sanadkii 1721, Peter The Great wuxuu ku dhawaaqay Boqortooyada Ruushka ( Rossiyskaya imperiya ). Magaca Rossiya waxa loo isticmaalay magaca guud ee Boqortooyada Ruushka ee caalamiga ah ka dibna dawladda Ruushka casriga ah. Rossiya waxay ka soocday ethnonym russkiy , maadaama ay tilmaamayso aqoonsiga ka sarreeya, oo ay ku jiraan qowmiyadaha Ruushka. Ka dib Kacaankii Ruushka iyo ku dhawaaqista Ruushka SFSR ee 1918, "Ruushka" ee cinwaanka gobolka wuxuu ahaa Rossiyskaya , halkii Russkaya , sida hore u tilmaamaya dawlad caalami ah, halka kan dambe uu lahaa cabbir qowmiyadeed. Ruushka casriga ah, magaca Rus ' ayaa wali lagu isticmaalaa gabayada ama tiraabta si loo tixraaco Ruushka da'da weyn ama nuxurka la malaynayo ee Ruushka. ==Taariikhda== ===Taariikhda hore=== Degsiimadii ugu horreysay ee aadanaha ee Ruushka waxay dib ugu noqotaa xilligii Oldowan ee horraantii Paleolithic ee hoose . Qiyaastii 2 milyan oo sano ka hor, wakiilada Homo erectus waxay u haajireen Jasiiradda Taman ee koonfurta Ruushka. Qalabka Flint , qaar ka mid ah 1.5 milyan oo sano, ayaa laga helay Waqooyiga Caucasus . Radiocarbon oo ku taariikhaysan muunado laga soo qaaday godka Denisova ee Buuraha Altai waxa ay qiyaaseen muunada Denisovan ee ugu da'da weyn waxa ay noolaayeen 195-122,700 sano ka hor. Fossils of Denny , isku-dhafka aadanaha qadiimiga ah oo ahaa kala badh Neanderthal iyo badh Denisovan, oo ku noolaa 90,000 oo sano ka hor, ayaa sidoo kale laga helay godka dambe. Ruushku wuxuu hoy u ahaa qaar ka mid ah kuwii ugu dambeeyay ee Neanderthals, laga soo bilaabo 45,000 oo sano ka hor, laga helay godka Mezmaiskaya . Raadraaca ugu horreeya ee bini'aadamka casriga ah ee Ruushka wuxuu dib ugu noqdaa 45,000 sano, Galbeedka Siberia . Soo saarista hadhaaga dhaqameed ee sare ee bini'aadamka casriga ah , laga bilaabo ugu yaraan 40,000 sano ka hor, ayaa laga helay Kostyonki-Borschyovo , iyo Sungir , oo ku saabsan 34,600 sano ka hor - labadaba galbeedka Ruushka . Aadanuhu waxay gaadheen Arctic Russia ugu yaraan 40,000 oo sano ka hor, Mamontovaya Kurya . Dadka qadiimiga ah ee Waqooyiga Eurasian ee ka yimid Siberiya hiddo ahaan la mid ah dhaqanka Mal'ta-Buret' iyo Afontova Gora waxay ahaayeen qayb muhiim ah oo ka qaybqaata hidde - sideyaasha Ameerikaan hore iyo kuwa ugaadhsiga bari . [[File:Yamnaya_Steppe_Pastoralists.jpg|thumb|Faafinta Da'da Bronze ee Yamnaya Steppe awowgii xoola-dhaqatada intii u dhaxaysay 3300 iyo 1500 BC, [ 44 ] oo ay ku jiraan dhaqanka Afanasievo ee koonfurta Siberia]] Mala -awaalka Kurgan wuxuu dhigayaa gobolka Volga-Dnieper ee koonfurta Ruushka iyo Ukraine sida urheimat ee Proto-Indo-Yurub . Hijriyadii hore ee Indo-Yurub ee ka yimid Pontic-Caspian steppe ee Ukraine iyo Ruushka ayaa ku faafay abtirsiinta Yamnaya iyo luqadaha Indo-Yurub ee qaybo badan oo Eurasia ah. Xoolo-dhaqatada reer-guuraaga ah ayaa ka soo baxay Pontic-Caspian steppe oo ka bilaabmaya Chalcolithic . ​​Hadhaagii ilbaxnimooyinkan dalagyada ah ayaa laga helay meelo ay ka mid yihiin Ipatovo , Sintashta , Arkaim , iyo Pazyryk , kuwaas oo xambaarsan raadadkii ugu horreeyay ee fardaha dagaalka . Qurxinta hidda-socodka ee ku hadla qoyska luqadda Uralic ee waqooyiga Yurub waxaa qaabeeyey haajirin ka yimid Siberiya oo bilaabmay ugu yaraan 3,500 sano ka hor. Qarnigii 3-aad ilaa 4-aad ee AD, boqortooyadii Gothic ee Oium waxay ka jirtay koonfurta Ruushka, taas oo markii dambe uu qabsaday Huns . Intii u dhaxaysay qarniyadii 3aad iyo 6aad AD, Boqortooyada Bosporan , taas oo ahayd siyaasad Hellenistic ah oo ku guulaysatay gumeysigii Giriigga, ayaa sidoo kale laga adkaaday duullaankii reer-guuraaga ahaa ee ay hogaaminayeen qabaa'ilka dagaalka sida Huns iyo Eurasian Avars . Khazars , kuwaas oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Turki , waxay xukumayeen jaranjarooyinka u dhexeeya Caucasus ee koonfurta, bari ee soo dhaaftay webiga Volga, iyo galbeedka ilaa Kyiv ee wabiga Dnieper ilaa qarnigii 10aad. Iyaga ka dib waxaa yimid Pechenegs oo abuuray isbahaysi weyn, ka dibna waxaa la wareegay Cuman iyo Kipchak . Awowayaasha Ruushka waxay ka mid yihiin qabiilooyinka Slavic ee ka soocay Proto-Indo-Yurub, kuwaas oo ka soo muuqday waqooyiga bari ee Yurub c.  1500  sano ka hor. Bariga Slavs waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u degeen galbeedka Ruushka (qiyaastii inta u dhaxaysa Moscow casriga iyo Saint-Petersburg ) laba mowjadood: mid ka soo guuray Kiev oo u socda Suzdal iyo Murom maanta iyo mid kale oo ka yimid Polotsk oo ku wajahan Novgorod iyo Rostov . Kahor socdaalka Slavic, dhulkaas waxaa ku noolaa dadka Finno-Ugrian ah . Laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 7aad wixii ka dambeeyay, Slavs-ka soo gala Bariga Slavs ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u milmay Finno-Ugrian-ka asalka ah ===Kievan Rus=== [[File:Kievan-rus-1015-1113-(en).png|thumb|Kievan Rus ' ka dib markii Golaha Liubech ee 1097]] Aasaaskii dawladihii ugu horeeyey ee bariga Slavic qarnigii 9aad waxay ku soo beegantay imaatinka Varangians , Vikings kuwaas oo ku hawlanaa marin biyoodka oo ka bilaabmaya bariga Baltic ilaa badaha madow iyo Caspian . Sida laga soo xigtay taariikhda asaasiga ah , Varangian oo ka soo jeeda dadka Ruushka , oo lagu magacaabo Rurik , ayaa loo doortay taliyaha Novgorod 862. 882, ku xigeenkiisii ​​Oleg wuxuu u soo baxay koonfurta oo uu qabsaday Kiev , kaas oo horay u bixin jiray cashuurta Khazars . Ina Rurik Igor iyo ina Igor ee Sviatoslav ka dib markii ay hoos u dhigeen dhammaan qabaa'ilka Bariga Slavic maxalliga ah xukunkii Kievan, baabbi'iyey Khazar Khaganate, oo bilaabay dhowr safar military Bulgaria , Byzantium iyo Faaris . Qarnigii 10-aad ilaa 11-aad, Kievan Rus waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah dawladaha ugu waaweyn uguna barwaaqada badan Yurub. Boqortooyada Vladimir Great (980-1015) iyo wiilkiisa Yaroslav Wise (1019-1054) waxay ka kooban yihiin Da'da Dahabiga ah ee Kiev, kaas oo arkay aqbalaadda Masiixiyadda Ortodokska ee Byzantium , iyo abuurista koodhka sharciga ah ee ugu horreeya ee Slavic qoran , Russkaya Pravda . Waxaa yimid da'dii feudalism iyo maamul-daadejinta, oo lagu asteeyay dagaal joogto ah oo u dhexeeya xubnaha Rurik dynasty ee xukumay Kievan Rus 'si wadajir ah. Awooddii Kiev ayaa hoos u dhacday, iyadoo ay faa'iido u tahay Vladimir-Suzdal ee waqooyi-bari, Jamhuuriyadda Novgorod ee waqooyiga, iyo Galicia-Volhynia ee koonfur-galbeed. Qarnigii 12aad, Kiev waxay lumisay sumcaddeedii hore iyo Kievan Rus 'waxay u kala qaybsantay maamulo kala duwan. Amiir Andrey Bogolyubsky wuxuu ceyriyay Kiev 1169 wuxuuna ka dhigay Vladimir saldhiggiisa, taasoo keentay in awoodda siyaasadeed loo wareejiyo waqooyi-bari. Hogaamiye Prince Alexander Nevsky , Novgorodiyaanku waxay iska celiyeen iswiidhishkii soo duulay ee Battle of Neva ee 1240, iyo sidoo kale saliibiyiinta Jarmalka ee Battle on the Ice 1242. Kievan Rus 'ugu dambeyntii waxay ku dhacday duullaankii Mongol ee 1237-1240, taas oo keentay in Kiev iyo magaalooyinka kale laga ceyriyo, iyo sidoo kale dhimashada qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dadweynaha. Soo duulay, oo markii dambe loo yaqaanay Tataarka , ayaa sameeyay dawladdii Horde Golden , oo ka talinaysay Ruushka labadii qarni ee xigay. Kaliya Jamhuuriyadda Novgorod ayaa ka baxsatay qabsashadii shisheeye ka dib markii ay ogolaatay in ay bixiso abaalmarinta Mongols. Galicia-Volhynia waxaa mar dambe nuugi doona Lithuania iyo Poland , halka Jamhuuriyadda Novgorod ay sii waday inay barwaaqowdo waqooyiga. Waqooyi-bari, dhaqamada Byzantine-Slavic ee Kievan Rus' ayaa loo habeeyey si ay u sameeyaan dawlad madaxbannaan oo Ruush ah ===Maamulka Sare ee Moscow=== [[File:Lissner_TroiceSergievaLavr.jpg|thumb|Sergius of Radonezh ducada Dmitry Donskoy ee Trinity Sergius Lavra , ka hor Battle of Kulikovo , oo lagu sawiray rinjiyeynta Ernst Lissner]] Burburkii Kievan Rus wuxuu arkay kor u kaca ugu dambeyntii ee maamulka Grand ee Moscow , oo markii hore qayb ka ah Vladimir-Suzdal .11-20  Iyadoo ay weli hoos timaad magaca Mongol - Tataarka iyo iyaga oo kaashanaya, Moscow waxay bilowday inay muujiso saamaynta ay ku leedahay gobolka horraantii qarnigii 14aad, si tartiib tartiib ah u noqotey xoogga hogaaminaya "ururinta dhulalka Ruushka". Markii kursiga Metropolitan ee Kaniisadda Ortodokska ee Ruushka uu u guuray Moscow 1325, saameynteedu way korodhay. Moscow xafiiltanka ugu dambeeya, Jamhuuriyadda Novgorod , waxay ku barwaaqowday xarunta ganacsiga dhogorta iyo dekedda bari ee Hanseatic League . Waxaa hogaaminayay Prince Dmitry Donskoy ee Moscow, ciidamada midaysan ee maamulayaasha Ruushka waxay jabiyeen Mongol - Tataarka Dagaalkii Kulikovo 1380 . Ivan III ("The Great") ayaa iska tuuray gacan ku haynta Horde Golden wuxuuna helay madax-bannaanida dhulalka qowmiyadeed ee Ruushka; Kadib wuxuu qaatay magaca madax-banaanida Ruushka oo dhan . Kadib dhicitaankii Constantinople ee 1453, Moscow waxay sheegatay dhaxalka dhaxalka Boqortooyada Roomaanka Bari . Ivan III wuxuu guursaday Sophia Palaiologina , ina-abtidii boqorkii Byzantine ee ugu dambeeyay Constantine XI , wuxuuna ka dhigay gorgorka Byzantine laba madax leh isaga u gaar ah, ugu dambeyntiina Ruushka, jaakad-hubka. Vasili III wuxuu mideeyay dhammaan Ruushka isagoo ku biiray dhowrkii dowladood ee ugu dambeeyay ee madaxbannaanida Ruushka horaantii qarnigii 16aad. ===Boqortooyada Ruushka=== [[File:Ivan_grozny_frame.jpg|thumb|Ivan IV wuxuu ahaa amiirkii Grand ee Moscow laga bilaabo 1533 ilaa 1547, ka dibna Tsar ee Ruushka ilaa dhimashadiisa 1584.]] Horumarinta fikradaha Rome ee Saddexaad , amiirkii weynaa Ivan IV ("The Terrible") ayaa si rasmi ah loogu caleemo saaray boqortooyadii ugu horreysay ee Ruushka oo dhan 1547. tsar wuxuu ku dhawaaqay xeer cusub oo sharci ah ( Sudebnik of 1550 ), wuxuu aasaasay ururkii ugu horreeyay ee feudal Ruushka ah ( Zemsky Sobor ), dib u habeyn lagu sameeyay militariga, wuxuu xakameeyay saameynta dowladda hoose iyo dib u habeynta. Intii lagu jiray xukunkiisii ​​​​dheeraa, Ivan wuxuu ku dhawaaday inuu labanlaabo dhulkii hore ee weynaa ee Ruushka isagoo ku daray saddexda Tatar khanate: Kazan iyo Astrakhan oo weheliya Volga , iyo Khanate of Sibir ee koonfur-galbeed ee Siberia. Ugu dambeyntii, dhamaadkii qarnigii 16aad, Ruushku wuxuu ballaariyay bariga buuraha Ural . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Tsardom waxaa wiiqay dagaalkii dheeraa ee Livonian-ka ee aan lagu guulaysan ee ka soo horjeeda isbahaysiga Boqortooyada Poland iyo Grand Duchy ee Lithuania (kadibna midowga Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ), Boqortooyada Iswidhan , iyo Danmark-Norway si ay u helaan xeebaha Baltic iyo ganacsiga badda. Sannadkii 1572-kii, ciidan soo duulay oo Tataarka Crimean ah ayaa si buuxda loogu jabiyay dagaalkii muhiimka ahaa ee Molodi . [[File:Fedor_chertezh.jpeg|thumb|Khariidadda Feodor Godunov ee Ruushka, sida uu daabacay Hessel Gerritsz 1614]] Dhimashada wiilasha Ivan waxay calaamad u tahay dhamaadka boqortooyadii hore ee Rurik ee 1598, iyo marka lagu daro abaartii masiibada ahayd ee 1601-1603 , waxay horseedday dagaal sokeeye, xukunkii is yeelyeelka, iyo faragelin shisheeye intii lagu jiray Waqtigii Dhibaatooyinka horaantii qarnigii 17aad. Polish -Lithuanian Commonwealth , oo ka faa'iidaysanay, ayaa qabsaday qaybo ka mid ah Ruushka, oo ku fiday caasimadda Moscow. Sannadkii 1612, Booliisku waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay dib u gurtaan kooxihii iskaa wax u qabso ee Ruushka, oo ay hogaaminayeen ganacsade Kuzma Minin iyo amiir Dmitry Pozharsky . Boqortooyada Romanov waxay ku raacday carshiga 1613 go'aanka Zemsky Sobor, waddankuna wuxuu bilaabay inuu si tartiib tartiib ah uga soo kabsado dhibaatada. Ruushku wuxuu sii waday kobaca dhulkiisa ilaa qarnigii 17aad, kaas oo ahaa da'da Cossacks . Sannadkii 1654, hoggaamiyaha Yukreeniyaan, Bohdan Khmelnytsky , wuxuu soo bandhigay in Ukraine la hoos geeyo ilaalinta Ruushka tsar, Alexis , kaas oo aqbalitaanka dalabkaas uu horseeday dagaal kale oo Russo-Polish ah . Ugu dambeyntii, Ukraine ayaa la kala qaybiyay Dnieper , oo ka tagay qaybta bari, ( Bankiga bidix ee Ukraine iyo Kiev ) ee hoos yimaada xukunka Ruushka. Bariga, sahaminta degdega ah ee Ruushka iyo gumeysiga ee Siberian ballaaran ayaa sii waday, ugaarsiga dhogorta qiimaha leh iyo fool maroodiga. Sahamiyayaashii Ruushku waxay u riixeen dhinaca bari ee ugu horrayn ee Wabiga Siberiya , iyo badhtamihii qarnigii 17aad, waxaa jiray degsiimooyin Ruush ah oo ku yaal bariga Siberiya, Jasiiradda Chukchi oo ku taal webiga Amur , iyo xeebta Badweynta Baasifigga. Sannadkii 1648, Semyon Dezhnyov wuxuu noqday Yurubigii ugu horreeyay ee mara marinka Bering Strait. ===Imperial Ruushka=== Intii uu joogay Peter the Great , Ruushka waxaa lagu dhawaaqay boqortooyo 1721, wuxuuna isu taagay inuu noqdo mid ka mid ah quwadaha waaweyn ee Yurub. Intii u dhaxaysay 1682 ilaa 1725, Peter wuxuu ka adkaaday Iswidhan dagaalkii weynaa ee Waqooyiga (1700-1721), isaga oo hubinaya helitaanka Ruushka ee ganacsiga badda iyo badda. Sanadkii 1703, Badda Baltic, Peter wuxuu aasaasay Saint Petersburg inay noqoto caasimadda cusub ee Ruushka. Inta lagu jiro xukunkiisa, dib-u-habeyn ballaaran ayaa la sameeyay , taas oo saameyn weyn ku leh dhaqanka Galbeedka Yurub ee Ruushka. Waxaa ku xigtay Catherine I (1725-1727), waxaa ku xigay Peter II (1727-1730), iyo Anna . Boqortooyada Peter I gabadhiisa Elizabeth 1741-1762 waxay aragtay ka qaybqaadashada Ruushka ee Dagaalkii Toddobada Sano (1756-1763). Intii lagu jiray iskahorimaadka, ciidamada Ruushku waxay ka gudbeen Bariga Prussia , iyagoo gaaray Berlin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhimashadii Elizabeth, dhammaan guulahaas waxaa lagu soo celiyay Boqortooyada Prussia by pro-Prussian Peter III ee Ruushka . [[File:Growth_of_Russia_1547-1725.png|thumb|Balaadhinta iyo horumarka dhuleed ee Ruushka laga soo bilaabo boqornimada Ivan IV ilaa dhimashadii Peter I]] Catherine II ("The Great"), oo xukuntay 1762-1796, ayaa madax ka ahayd da'da Ruushka ee iftiinka . Waxay ku kordhisay xukunka siyaasadeed ee Ruushka ee ku saabsan Commonwealth-ka Lithuania oo ay ku dartay inta badan dhulalkeeda Ruushka , taasoo ka dhigtay waddanka ugu dadka badan Yurub. Koonfurta, ka dib dagaalladii Russo-Turkiga ee lagu guulaystay ee ka dhanka ahaa Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta , Catherine waxay horumarisay soohdinta Ruushka ilaa Badda Madow, iyada oo kala dirtay Crimean Khanate , oo ku darsatay Crimean . Natiijadii guulihii laga gaaray Qajar Iran oo loo maray dagaalladii Ruushka iyo Faaris , qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19aad, Ruushku sidoo kale wuxuu qabsaday Caucasus . Beddela Catherine, wiilkeeda Paul , wuxuu ahaa mid aan degganayn oo inta badan diiradda saaray arrimaha gudaha . Ka dib xukunkiisii ​​​​gaabnaa, Catherine istiraatijiyad ayaa la sii waday Alexander I 's (1801-1825) ee Finland ka soo horjeeda Iswidhan daciifka ah 1809, iyo Bessarabia oo ka yimid Cusmaaniyiinta 1812. Waqooyiga Ameerika, Ruushku waxay noqdeen reer Yurub ee ugu horreeya ee Alaska gaadha oo gumaysta . Sannadkii 1803-1806, wareeggii ugu horreeyay ee Ruushka ayaa la sameeyay. Sannadkii 1820-kii, duullaan Ruush ah ayaa helay qaaradda Antarctica ===Awood weyn iyo horumarinta bulshada, sayniska, iyo farshaxanka=== [[File:Napoleons retreat from Moscow by Adolph Northen.jpg|thumb|Ka-noqoshada Napoleon ee Moscow ee Albrecht Adam (1851)]] Intii lagu jiray dagaalladii Napoleonic , Ruushku wuxuu ku biiray xulafada quwadaha Yurub ee kala duwan, wuxuuna la dagaallamay Faransiiska. Duullaankii Faransiisku ku qaaday Ruushka ee joogitaanka awoodda Napoleon ee 1812 wuxuu gaadhay Moscow, laakiin ugu dambeyntii wuu ku guuldareystay markii iska caabin adag oo lagu daray qabowgii Ruushka ee qadhaadhka ahaa ayaa horseeday guuldarro xun oo soo weerartay, kaas oo Pan-European Grande Armée uu la kulmay burbur weyn. Waxaa hogaaminayay Mikhail Kutuzov iyo Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly , Ciidanka Imperial ee Ruushka ayaa ka saaray Napoleon waxayna kaxeeyeen Yurub oo dhan Dagaalkii Isbahaysiga Lixaad , ugu dambeyntii waxay galeen Paris. Alexander I ayaa gacanta ku hayay ergada Ruushka ee Congress-ka Vienna , kaas oo qeexay Khariidadda Yurub ka dib Napoleon. Saraakiishii Napoleon ka daba-tagay Galbeedka Yurub waxay keeneen fikradaha xorriyadda dib-u-celinta Ruushka, waxayna isku dayeen inay xakameeyaan awoodaha Tsar intii lagu jiray kacdoonkii Decembrist ee 1825. Dhammaadkii xukunkii konserfatifka ee Nicholas I (1825-1855), xilliga zenith ee awoodda Ruushka, waxay carqaladaysay dagaalkii Crimean ee Yurub ===Dib-u-habaynta liberaaliga ah iyo hanti-wadaaga=== [[File:The_defeat_of_Shipka_Peak,_Bulgarian_War_of_Independence.JPG|200px|Battle of Shipka Pass oo loogu talagalay xakamaynta marinka muhiimka ah ee Shipka Pass inta lagu guda jiro 1877-1878 Dagaalkii Russo-Turki]] Ku-xigeenka Nicholas Alexander II (1855-1881) wuxuu sameeyay isbedello la taaban karo oo dalka oo dhan ah, oo ay ku jiraan dib-u-habaynta xoraynta ee 1861 . Dib-u-habayntani waxay kicisay warshadaynta, waxayna casriyaysay ciidamadii Imperial ee Ruushka, kuwaas oo inta badan Balkanka ka xoreeyay xukunkii Cusmaaniyiinta wixii ka dambeeyay dagaalkii 1877-1878 ee Ruushka iyo Turkiga . Intii lagu jiray inta badan qarnigii 19-aad iyo horraantii 20th, Ruushka iyo Ingiriiska waxay ku heshiiyeen Afgaanistaan ​​iyo dhulalka deriska la ah ee Bartamaha iyo Koonfurta Aasiya; xifaaltankii u dhexeeyay labada boqortooyo ee waaweyn ee reer Yurub waxa loo yiqiin ciyaartii waynayd . Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad waxaa dalka Ruushka ka socday dhaqdhaqaaqyo kala duwan oo hantiwadaag ah. Alexander II waxaa dilay sanadkii 1881 argagixisadii kacaanka. Boqorkii wiilkiisa Alexander III (1881-1894) wuu ka xoroobay laakiin wuu nabad badnaa ===Boqortooyada Dastuuriga ah iyo Dagaalkii Adduunka=== Intii uu jiray boqorkii Ruushka ee u dambeeyay, Nicholas II (1894-1917), Kacaankii 1905 waxaa kiciyay guuldaradii bahdilaadda ahayd ee Dagaalkii Russo-Japanese . Kacdoonka waa la dejiyay, laakiin dawladda ayaa lagu qasbay inay ogolaato dib-u-habeyn weyn ( Dastuurkii Ruushka ee 1906 ), oo ay ku jiraan bixinta xorriyadda hadalka iyo isu imaatinka , sharciyeynta xisbiyada siyaasadda, iyo abuurista hay'ad sharci-dejin oo la soo doortay, Gobolka Duma ===Kacaan iyo dagaal sokeeye=== [[File:Russian_Imperial_Family_1913.jpg|thumb|250px|Boqorka Nicholas II ee Ruushka iyo Romanovs waxaa dilay Bolsheviks 1918|]] 1914kii, Ruushku waxa uu galay dagaalkii 1aad ee aduunka isaga oo ka jawaabaya ku dhawaaqistii Austraia-Hungary ee dagaalka ka dhanka ah Ruushka ee xulafada la ah Serbia , waxana uu ka dagaalamay wajiyo badan isaga oo ka go'doonsan xulafadiisa Triple Entente . Sannadkii 1916kii, Weerarkii Brusilov ee Ciidanka Imperial ee Ruushka wuxuu ku dhawaaday inuu gebi ahaanba burburiyo Ciidanka Austro-Hungary . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kalsooni darada dadweynaha ee hore u jirtay ee taliska ayaa sii xoojisay kharashka dagaalka, khasaaraha badan , iyo xanta musuqmaasuqa iyo khiyaanada. Waxaas oo dhami waxay sameeyeen jawiga Kacaankii Ruushka ee 1917, oo lagu fuliyay laba fal oo waaweyn. Horraantii 1917, Nicholas II waxaa lagu qasbay inuu ka tago ; isaga iyo qoyskiisuba waa la xidhxidhay oo markii dambe lagu fuliyay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Ruushka . Boqortooyada waxaa bedelay isbahaysi gariiraya oo xisbiyo siyaasadeed ah oo ku dhawaaqay inay yihiin Dawlad Ku-meel-gaar ah , kuna dhawaaqay Jamhuuriyadda Ruushka . 19kii Janaayo [ OS 6 January], 1918, Golaha Deegaanka ee Ruushka wuxuu ku dhawaaqay Ruushka jamhuuriyad federaal dimuqraadi ah (sidaas darteed ansixinta go'aanka Dawladda Ku-meel-gaarka ah). Maalintii xigtay Golaha Deegaanka waxaa kala diray Golaha Dhexe ee Ruushka oo dhan . Aasaasi kale oo hantiwadaag ah ayaa wada jirtey, Petrograd Soofiyeeti , oo awood u adeegsaneysa golayaasha sida dimuqraadiga ah loo soo doortay ee shaqaalaha iyo beeralayda, oo loo yaqaan Soviets . Xukunka maamullada cusubi waxa uu sii xumeeyey dhibaatadii dalka ka jirtay, halkii laga xalin lahaa, aakhirkii, Kacaankii Oktoobar , oo uu hoggaaminayey hoggaamiyihii Bolshevik Vladimir Lenin , waxa uu afgambiyey Dawladdii Ku-meel-gaadhka ahayd, waxana uu awood maamul oo buuxda siiyey Midowga Soofiyeeti, taas oo horseedday abuuritaanka dawlad hantiwadaag ah oo ugu horreysa adduunka . Dagaalkii sokeeye ee Ruushku wuxuu ka dhex qarxay dhaqdhaqaaqa cad ee shuuci-diidka ah iyo Bolsheviks oo wata ciidankeeda cas . Ka dib markii la saxiixay Heshiiskii Brest-Litovsk ee soo gabagabeeyey colaadaha Quwadaha Dhexe ee Dagaalkii Adduunka 1aad , Bolshevist Ruushku waxay isku dhiibeen inta badan dhulalkeeda galbeedka, kuwaas oo martigeliyay 34% dadkeeda, 54% warshadaheeda, 32% dhulkeeda beeralayda, iyo 90% qallafsanaanteeda. [[File:Vladimir_Lenin_Speech_in_May_1920.jpg|thumb|Vladimir Lenin wuxuu ka hadlayaa Moscow, 1920, iyadoo Leon Trotsky uu ku tiirsan yahay masraxa]] Dawladaha xulafada ahi waxay bilaabeen faragelin ciidan oo aan lagu guulaysan oo ay ku taageerayaan xoogaga ka soo horjeeda shuuciga. Dhanka kale, labada Bolsheviks iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa Caddaan waxay qaadeen ololeyaal masaafurin iyo dil midba midka kale ah, oo loo yaqaan sida ay u kala horreeyaan Argagaxisada Cas iyo Argagixisada Cad . Dhammaadkii dagaalkii sokeeye ee rabshadaha watay, dhaqaalihii Ruushka iyo kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha ayaa si weyn loo waxyeeleeyay, iyo in ka badan 10 milyan ayaa ku dhintay intii uu socday dagaalka, inta badan rayid. Malaayiin waxay noqdeen White émigrés , iyo macluushii Ruushka ee 1921-1922 waxay sheegteen ilaa shan milyan oo dhibanayaal ah. ===Midowgii Soofiyeeti=== [[File:Russian SFSR in Soviet Union (1936).svg|Meesha uu ku yaalay Ruushka SFSR (casaan) gudaha Midowgii Soofiyeeti 1936kii]] ===Taliska dhaqaalaha iyo bulshada Soofiyeedka=== 30kii Diseembar 1922, Lenin iyo kaaliyayaashiisu waxay samaysteen Midowga Soofiyeeti , iyagoo ku biiray Ruushka SFSR oo ay noqdeen hal dawlad oo leh Byelorussian , Transcaucasian , iyo jamhuuriyadaha Yukreeniyaan . Ugu dambeyntii isbeddelka xuduudaha gudaha iyo isku-darka intii lagu jiray dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka ayaa abuuray urur ka kooban 15 jamhuuriyada , tirada ugu weyn iyo tirada dadka waa Ruushka SFSR, kaas oo xukumay midowga siyaasad ahaan, dhaqan ahaan, iyo dhaqaale ahaanba. Ka dib dhimashadii Lenin ee 1924, troika ayaa loo qoondeeyay inuu masuul ka noqdo. Ugu dambeyntii Joseph Stalin , Xoghayaha Guud ee Xisbiga Shuuciga , wuxuu ku guuleystey inuu caburiyo dhammaan kooxaha mucaaradka oo uu ku xoojiyo awoodda gacantiisa si uu u noqdo kaligii-taliyihii dalka 1930-kii. Leon Trotsky , oo ah taageeraha ugu weyn ee kacaanka adduunka , ayaa laga soo masaafuriyay Midowga Soofiyeeti 1929, iyo fikradda Stalin ee Socialism in One Country waxay noqotay khadka rasmiga ah. Halgankii gudaha ee sii socday ee xisbiga Bolshevik wuxuu ku dhammaaday nadiifin weyn . ===Stalinism iyo casriyeynta=== [[File:Telegram_Stalin_STZ.jpg|thumb|Hambalyo uu diray Joseph Stalin oo ku saabsan furitaanka Stalingrad Tractor Plant]] Intii uu hogaaminayay Stalin , dawladdu waxay bilawday dhaqaalaha taliska , warshadaynta dalka oo u badan miyiga , iyo ururinta beeralayda . Inta lagu jiro muddadan isbeddelka dhaqaale iyo bulsho ee degdegga ah, malaayiin dad ah ayaa loo diray xeryaha shaqada ciqaabta , oo ay ku jiraan dad badan oo lagu xukumay siyaasadeed oo lagu tuhunsan yahay ama mucaaradka dhabta ah ee xukunka Stalin, iyo malaayiin ayaa la tarxiilay oo loo masaafuriyey meelaha fog ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. Habaynta ku meel gaadhka ah ee beeraha dalka, oo ay weheliso siyaasadaha qallafsan ee dawladda iyo abaarta, waxay keentay abaartii Soofiyeedka ee 1932-1933 , taas oo dishay 5.7 ilaa 8.7 milyan, 3.3 milyan oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa ku jiray Ruushka SFSR. Midowgii Soofiyeeti, ugu dambeyntii, wuxuu sameeyay isbeddelka qaaliga ah ee ka yimid dhaqaalihii ugu badnaa ee beeralayda ilaa xarun warshadeed oo weyn muddo gaaban gudaheed. ===Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka iyo Qaramada Midoobay=== [[File:Ленинград блокадный. Им обеим 30 лет.jpg|thumb|Laba gabdhood oo da'yar ayaa soo ururiyay qoryaha PPD-40 intii lagu jiray go'doominta Leningrad 1942]] [[File:RIAN_archive_602161_Center_of_Stalingrad_after_liberation.jpg|thumb|Dagaalkii Stalingrad , oo ahaa dagaalkii ugu weynaa uguna dhiigga badnaa taariikhda dagaalka, wuxuu dhammaaday 1943-kii isagoo guul muhiim ah ka gaaray ciidamadii Jarmalka]] Midowgii Soofiyeeti waxa uu galay dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka 17kii Sebtembar 1939kii markii uu ku duulay Poland , iyada oo la raacayo hab-maamuuska sirta ah ee heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop ee Nazi Germany . Midowgii Soofiyeeti ayaa markii dambe ku duulay Finland , wuxuuna qabsaday oo la wareegay dalalka Baltic-ga iyo weliba qaybo ka mid ah Romania . : 91-95  22 Juun 1941, Jarmalku wuxuu soo duulay Midowga Soofiyeeti , wuxuu furay Jabhadda Bari , tiyaatarka ugu weyn ee Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. : 7  Ugu dambayntii, ilaa 5 milyan oo askari oo ka tirsan ciidanka cas ayaa Naasigu qabsaday; 272  kan dambe wuxuu si badheedh ah u dilay gaajo ama si kale u dilay 3.3 milyan oo POWs Soviet , iyo tiro badan oo rayid ah, sida " Qorshaha Gaajada " uu doonayay inuu fuliyo Generalplan Ost . 175–186  Inkasta oo Wehrmacht ay hore u guulaysteen, weerarkooda waxa la hakiyay dagaalkii Moscow . Ka dib , Jarmalku waxay la kulmeen guuldarooyin waaweyn markii ugu horeysay ee Battle of Stalingrad ee jiilaalka 1942-1943, ka dibna Dagaalkii Kursk ee xagaaga 1943 . waxaa soo gaaray gaajo iyo in ka badan hal milyan oo dhimasho ah, laakiin waligood isma dhiibin. Ciidamada Soofiyeedka ayaa ku qulqulay Bariga iyo Bartamaha Yurub 1944-1945 waxayna qabsadeen Berlin May 1945. Bishii Agoosto 1945, Ciidanka Cas ayaa weeraray Manchuria waxayna ka saareen Jabbaan Waqooyi Bari Aasiya, taas oo gacan ka geysatay guushii Isbahaysiga ee Japan. Muddadii 1941-1945 ee Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxa Ruushka looga yaqaannaa Dagaalkii Waddaniga weynaa . Midowga Soofiyeeti, oo ay weheliyaan Maraykanka, Boqortooyada Ingiriiska iyo Shiinaha ayaa loo tixgeliyey afartii ugu weynaa ee quwadaha isbahaysiga ee dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka, ka dibna waxay noqdeen afar booliis , kuwaas oo aasaas u ahaa Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay . 27  Intii uu dagaalku socday, dhimashada rayidka Soofiyeedka iyo milatarigu waxay ahayd qiyaastii 26-27 milyan ,taasoo ka dhigan kala badh dhammaan dhaawacyadii dagaalkii labaad ee Adduunka .295  Dhaqaalaha Soofiyeedka iyo kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha waxaa soo gaaray burbur aad u weyn, taas oo sababtay abaartii Soofiyeedka 1946-1947 .Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kharashka badan ee allabari, Midowga Soofiyeeti wuxuu u soo baxay inuu yahay awood caalami ah. ===Awood sare iyo dagaal qabow=== [[File:Yalta_Conference_(Churchill,_Roosevelt,_Stalin)_(B%26W).jpg|thumb|Saddexda Waaweyn ee Shirkii Yalta ee Febraayo 1945, Viinstoon Shuurshiil Franklin D. Roosevelt iyo Joseph Stalin]] Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ka dib, sida laga soo xigtay Shirkii Potsdam , Ciidanka Cas ayaa qabsaday qaybo ka mid ah Bariga iyo Bartamaha Yurub, oo ay ku jiraan Jarmalka Bari iyo gobollada bari ee Austria . Dawlado shuuci ah oo ku tiirsan ayaa lagu rakibay dawladaha bariga Bloc . Ka dib markii uu noqday quwadda labaad ee nukliyeerka adduunka ,Midowga Soofiyeeti wuxuu aasaasay Isbahaysiga Warsaw Pact , wuxuuna galay halgan loogu jiro xukunka caalamiga ah, oo loo yaqaan Dagaalkii Qaboobaa , oo ay la tartamayeen Maraykanka iyo NATO . ===Khrushchev Thaw dib u habaynta iyo horumarinta dhaqaalaha=== Ka dib dhimashadii Stalin ee 1953 iyo muddo gaaban xukunka wadajirka ah , hogaamiyaha cusub Nikita Khrushchev ayaa cambaareeyay Stalin oo bilaabay siyaasadda de-Stalinization , oo sii daayay maxaabiis badan oo siyaasadeed oo ka mid ah xerooyinka shaqada Gulag . Fududeynta guud ee siyaasadaha cadaadiska ayaa markii dambe loo yaqaan Khrushchev Thaw . Isla mar ahaantaana, xiisadda dagaal qabow waxay gaartay meeshii ugu sarreysay markii ay labada iska soo horjeeda isku qabsadeen gantaallada Jupiter-ka ee Mareykanka oo la geynayo Turkiga iyo gantaallada Soofiyeedka ee Cuba . Sannadkii 1957kii, Midowga Soofiyeeti wuxuu hawada sare u diray dayax- gacmeedkii ugu horreeyay adduunka , Sputnik 1 , sidaas ayuuna ku billowday xilligii hawada sare . Cosmonaut Ruush ah Yuri Gagarin wuxuu noqday bini'aadamkii ugu horreeyay ee ku wareega dhulka, isagoo raacaya Vostok 1 ee shaqaalaha hawada 12 Abriil 1961 ===Muddadii hantiwadaaga horumaray ama xilligii fadhiidnimada=== Ka dib markii Khrushchev laga saaray 1964, waxaa dhacay xilli kale oo xukun wadareed , ilaa Leonid Brezhnev noqday hogaamiyaha. Xilligii 1970-meeyadii iyo horraantii 198-aadkii ayaa markii dambe loo asteeyay xilligii fadhiidnimada . Dib-u-habaynta Kosygin ee 1965-kii ayaa ujeeddadeedu ahayd in qayb ahaan la baahiyo dhaqaalaha Soofiyeedka . Sannadkii 1979-kii, ka dib kacdoonkii shuuciga ahaa ee Afgaanistaan ​​​​hoggaaminayey, ciidamadii Soofiyeeti waxay soo weerareen waddanka, ugu dambeyntiina waxay bilaabeen dagaalkii Soofiyeeti iyo Afgaanistaan .Bishii Maajo 1988, Soofiyeedku wuxuu bilaabay inuu ka baxo Afgaanistaan , sababtoo ah mucaaradka caalamiga ah, dagaalka jabhada ee ka soo horjeeda Soviet-ka, iyo taageero la'aanta muwaadiniinta Soofiyeedka. ===Perestroika, dimuqraadiyeynta iyo madaxbanaanida Ruushka=== [[File:President Ronald Reagan Greets a Young Boy While Touring Red Square During The Moscow Summit in The USSR - DPLA - 8f066efdc87eb23a889a89bd7c39173d.jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyihii Soofiyeedka Mikhail Gorbachev iyo madaxweynihii Maraykanka Ronald Reagan oo ku sugnaa fagaaraha cas intii lagu jiray shirkii Moscow , 31 May 1988]] Laga soo bilaabo 1985kii, hogaamiyihii ugu dambeeyay ee Soofiyeedka Mikhail Gorbachev , oo doonayay in uu sameeyo dib-u-habeyn xor ah oo ku saabsan nidaamka Soofiyeedka, wuxuu soo bandhigay siyaasadaha glasnost (furfurnaanta) iyo perestroika (dib u habeyn) isku day lagu doonayo in lagu soo afjaro muddada dhaqaale-xumada iyo in la dimuqraadiyeeyo dawladda . Tani, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay keentay in ay kor u kacaan dhaqdhaqaaqyo xooggan oo wadani iyo gooni-gooni ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. Kahor 1991, dhaqaalaha Soofiyeedka wuxuu ahaa kan labaad ee ugu weyn adduunka, laakiin sanadihii ugu dambeeyay, wuxuu galay dhibaato. Sannadkii 1991-kii, qalalaase dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed ayaa billaabay in uu sii qarxo, kaddib markii dalalka Baltic-ga ay doorteen in ay ka go'aan Midowgii Soofiyeeti. 17kii Maarso, afti ayaa la qabtay, taas oo badi muwaadiniinta ka qaybqaatay ay u codeeyeen in Midowga Soofiyeeti loo beddelo federaal cusub . Bishii Juun 1991, Boris Yeltsin wuxuu noqday Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee si toos ah loo doorto taariikhda Ruushka markii loo doortay Madaxweynaha SFSR ee Ruushka. Bishii Agoosto 1991, isku day afgambi oo ay sameeyeen xubno ka tirsan dawladdii Gorbachev, oo ay si toos ah uga soo horjeedeen Gorbachev oo ujeedadoodu ahayd ilaalinta Midowgii Soofiyeeti, taas beddelkeedana waxay horseedday dhammaadka Xisbigii Shuuciga ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti. 25kii Diseembar 1991, ka dib kala diristii Midowgii Soofiyeeti , oo ay weheliso Ruushka casriga ah, waxaa soo baxay afar iyo toban dawladood oo kale oo ka dambeeyay Soviet-ka ===Xiriirka Ruushka ee madaxa banaan=== ===U gudubka dhaqaalaha suuqa iyo qalalaasaha siyaasadeed=== [[File:Vladimir_Putin_taking_the_Presidential_Oath,_7_May_2000.jpg|thumb|Vladimir Putin ayaa loo dhaariyay xilka madaxweynanimo markii ugu horreysay ee la caleema saaro , iyadoo Boris Yeltsin uu eegayay, 2000.]] Burburkii dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti ayaa Ruushka u horseeday niyad jab qoto dheer oo daba dheeraaday. Intii lagu jiray iyo ka dib burburkii Midowgii Soofiyeeti, dib-u-habeyn ballaaran oo ay ku jiraan kuwo gaar loo leeyahay , suuqa iyo xoreynta ganacsiga ayaa la sameeyay, oo ay ku jiraan isbeddello xagjir ah oo ay la socdaan " daaweynta naxdinta leh ". Baahinta gaarka ah waxay si weyn u wareejisay maamulka ganacsiga ee wakaaladaha dawliga ah shakhsiyaadka xiriirka gudaha ee dawladda, taas oo keentay kor u kaca oligarchs Ruush . Qaar badan oo ka mid ah taajiriinta cusub waxay u guureen balaayiin lacag caddaan ah iyo hanti meel ka baxsan dalka iyagoo raacay duulimaad weyn oo raasumaal ah . Niyad-jabka dhaqaaluhu wuxuu horseeday burburka adeegyada bulshada - heerka dhalashada ayaa hoos u dhacday halka dhimashadu ay kor u kacday, malaayiinna waxay ku dhufteen faqri, halka musuq-maasuq xad-dhaaf ah, iyo sidoo kale kooxaha dambiilayaasha iyo dambiyada abaabulan ayaa si aad ah kor ugu kacay. Dabayaaqadii 1993dii, xurguftii u dhaxaysay Yeltsin iyo baarlamaanka Ruushka waxa ay ku dhammaatay xiisad dastuuri ah oo ku dhammaatay gacan ka hadal iyada oo loo adeegsaday awood ciidan. Intii ay xiisaddu socotay, Yeltsin waxa taageeray dawladaha reer galbeedka, waxaana la dilay in ka badan 100 qof ===Dastuurka casriga ah ee xorta ah, iskaashiga caalamiga ah iyo xasilinta dhaqaalaha=== Bishii Disembar, afti ayaa la qaaday oo la ansixiyay, taasoo soo bandhigtay dastuur cusub, oo siinaya madaxweynaha awoodo aad u weyn. 1990-meeyadii waxa aafeeyay iskahorimaadyo hubaysan oo ka dhacay Waqooyiga Caucasus , labadaba iskahorimaadyo qowmiyadeed oo maxalli ah iyo kacdoonno Islaamiyiin gooni-gooni ah . Laga soo bilaabo markii gooni u goosadka Chechniya ay ku dhawaaqeen madax-bannaanidii horraantii 1990-meeyadii, dagaal jabhadeed oo goosgoos ah ayaa dhexmaray kooxaha fallaagada iyo ciidamada Ruushka. Weerarro argagixiso oo ka dhan ah dadka rayidka ah waxaa fuliyay gooni u goosadka Chechniya, oo galaafatay nolosha kumannaan rayid ah oo Ruush ah. Burburkii Midowgii Soofiyeeti ka dib, Ruushku waxa uu la wareegay masuuliyadda dejinta daymaha dibadda ee dambe. 1992, inta badan kontaroolada qiimaha macaamiisha waa la tirtiray, taasoo keentay sicir barar aad u daran oo si weyn hoos u dhigay qiimaha ruble. Khasaaraha miisaaniyadeed ee sarreeya oo ay weheliso duulimaadka raasumaalka ah ee sii kordhaya iyo awood la'aanta bixinta deynta, waxay sababtay xiisadda dhaqaale ee Ruushka 1998 , taas oo keentay hoos u dhac kale oo GDP ah. ===U dhaqaaqida dhaqaale la casriyeeyay, siyaasad dhexe iyo dib u dhac dimuqraadi ah=== 31kii Diisambar 1999kii, Madaxweyne Yeltsin si lama filaan ah ayuu isu casilay, isagoo xilka ku wareejiyay ra'iisul wasaarihii dhawaan la magacaabay iyo ku-xigeenkiisii ​​uu doortay, Vladimir Putin . ka dib Putin wuxuu ku guuleystey doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2000 , wuxuuna ka adkaaday jabhada Chechnya dagaalkii labaad ee Jeejniya . Putin wuxuu ku guuleystey mar labaad oo madaxtinimo 2004. Qiimaha saliidda sare iyo kor u kaca maalgashiga shisheeye ayaa arkay dhaqaalaha Ruushka iyo heerka nolosha ayaa si weyn u soo fiicnaaday. Xukunka Putin wuxuu kordhiyey xasilloonida, halka uu Ruushka u beddelay dawlad keli talis ah . 2008, Putin wuxuu qabtay jagada ra'iisul wasaaraha, halka Dmitry Medvedev loo doortay madaxweyne hal xilli, si uu u sii hayo awoodda inkastoo sharci xaddidan ; muddadan waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay " tandemoqraadiyad [[File:Annexation_of_Southern_and_Eastern_Ukraine.svg|thumb|Dhulalka uu Ruushku qabsaday ee Ukraine laga bilaabo 30kii Sebtembar 2022 wakhtigaas lagu dhawaaqay la wareegistooda]] Ka dib qalalaasaha diblumaasiyadeed ee ka dhexeeya Georgia ee deriska la ah , Dagaalkii Russo-Georgian wuxuu dhacay intii u dhaxaysay 1-12 Agoosto 2008, taas oo keentay in Ruushku aqoonsado laba gobol oo gooni-goosad ah oo ka tirsan dhulalka uu haysto ee Georgia . Wuxuu ahaa dagaalkii ugu horreeyay ee Yurub qarnigii 21aad. Wax ka bedelka dastuurka 2008 ayaa lagu sheegay in muddada madaxweynaha loo kordhiyay lix sano halka aqalka hoose (State Duma) laga dhigay shan sano. Putin ka dib wuxuu ku guulaystey doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2012 , taas oo sii hurisay mudaaharaadyadii " Kacaanka Barafka ===Duulaanka Ukraine=== [[Dagaalka Russka-Ukraine 2014|Horraantii 2014-kii, kadib kacdoonkii reer galbeedka ee taageersanaa dalka ay jaarka yihiin ee Ukrain, Ruushku waxa uu la wareegay Crimea ka dib markii afti lagu murmay oo ku saabsan xaaladda Crimea oo Ruushku qabsaday]]. Isku-darka ayaa abuuray kacdoon ka socda gobolka Donbas ee Ukraine, oo ay taageerayaan faragelinta milatariga Ruushka oo qayb ka ah dagaal aan la shaacin oo ka dhan ah Ukraine . Calooshood u shaqeystayaal Ruush ah iyo ciidamada milatariga, oo taageero ka helaya maleeshiyooyinka gooni-goosadka maxalliga ah, ayaa dagaal ku qaaday bariga Ukraine oo ay kaga soo horjeedaan dawladda cusub ee Ukraine ka dib markii dawladda Ruushku ay kobcisay mudaaharaadyo ka dhan ah dawladda iyo Ruushka oo ka dhacay gobolka, inkastoo inta badan dadka deggani ay ka soo horjeedaan ka go'itaanka Ukraine. Iyadoo ay socdaan mudaaharaadyo ka dhan ah musuqmaasuqa dalka oo dhan , Putin ayaa dib loo doortay mar labaad oo isku xigta doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2018. [[Dagaalki Russia /Ukraine 2022|Kordhinta ugu weyn ee iskahorimaadka, Ruushku wuxuu bilaabay duulaan buuxa oo Ukraine ah 24 Febraayo 2022. Duullaanku wuxuu calaamad u yahay dagaalkii ugu weynaa ee caadiga ahaa ee Yurub tan iyo Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, waxaana la kulmay cambaareyn caalami ah, iyo sidoo kale cunaqabataynta Ruushka]]. [[File:Meeting_with_military_district_commanders_(2024-05-15)_14.jpg|thumb|Putin oo la socda Shoigu , Gerasimov , Belousov , Yevkurov iyo taliyayaasha degmooyinka militariga Ruushka 15 May 2024]] Putin oo la socda Shoigu , Gerasimov ,Belousov , Yevkurov iyo taliyayaasha degmooyinka militariga Ruushka 15 May 2024 ==Juqraafiga== [[File:Russian_Federation_Relief_Map.png|thumb|Khariidadda Topographic ee Ruushka]] Baaxadda baaxadda leh ee Ruushku waxa ay ku fidsan tahay qaybta bari ee Yurub iyo qaybta waqooyi ee Aasiya. Waxay ku fidsan tahay cidhifka waqooyi ee Eurasia waxayna leedahay xeebta afraad ee aduunka ugu dheer , in ka badan 37,653 km (23,396 mi). Ruushku waxa uu u dhexeeyaa loolka 41° iyo 82° N , iyo longitudes 19° E iyo 169° W , oo dhererkiisu dhan yahay 9,000 km (5,600 mi) bari ilaa galbeed, iyo 2,500 ilaa 4,000 km (1,600 ilaa 2,50 mi). Ruushka, dhul ahaan, wuxuu ka weyn yahay saddex qaaradood, wuxuuna leeyahay meel la mid ah tan Pluto . Ruushku wuxuu leeyahay sagaal saf oo waaweyn oo buuraley ah, waxaana laga helaa gobollada koonfureed ee ugu hooseeya , kuwaas oo wadaaga qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah buuraha Caucasus (oo ay ku jiraan Mount Elbrus , taas oo ah 5,642 m (18,510 ft) waa meesha ugu sarreysa ee Ruushka iyo Yurub); Buuraha Altai iyo Sayan ee Siberia ; iyo Buuraha Bariga Siberian iyo Jasiiradda Kamchatka ee Bariga Fog ee Ruushka (oo ay ku jiraan Klyuchevskaya Sopka , oo dhererkeedu yahay 4,750 m (15,584 ft) waa volcano firfircoon ee ugu sarreeya Eurasia). Buuraha Ural , oo u kala socda waqooyi ilaa koonfur iyada oo loo marayo galbeedka dalka, waa qani ku ah kheyraadka macdanta, waxayna sameeyaan xuduud dhaqameed oo u dhexeeya Yurub iyo Aasiya . Meesha ugu hooseysa ee Ruushka iyo Yurub , waxay ku taal madaxa badda Caspian, halkaas oo Niyad-jabka Caspian uu gaaro 29 mitir (95.1 ft) oo ka hooseeya heerka badda. [[File:Lake_Baikal_in_winter.jpg|thumb|Harada barafaysan ee Baikal oo u dhaw Jasiiradda Olkhon , jasiiradda harada saddexaad ee ugu weyn adduunka]] Ruushka, oo ah mid ka mid ah saddexda waddan ee adduunka oo dhan oo xuduud la leh saddex badood , waxa uu xidhiidh la leeyahay tiro badan oo badaha ah. Jasiiradaha ugu waaweyn iyo jasiiradaha waxaa ka mid ah Novaya Zemlya , Franz Josef Land , Severnaya Zemlya , New Siberian Islands , Wrangel Island , Kuril Islands (afar ka mid ah waxay ku muransan yihiin Japan ) iyo Sakhalin . Jasiiradaha Diomede , oo ay maamulaan Ruushka iyo Maraykanku, waxay u jiraan kaliya 3.8 km (2.4 mi); iyo Kunashir Island ee jasiiradaha Kuril waxay kaliya 20 km (12.4 mi) u jirtaa Hokkaido , Japan. Ruushka, oo ah hoyga in ka badan 100,000 wabi, ayaa leh mid ka mid ah kheyraadka biyaha dusha sare ee ugu weyn adduunka, iyada oo harooyinkeedu ay ka kooban yihiin qiyaastii rubuc meel biyo nadiif ah oo adduunka ah . Harada Baikal , tan ugu weyn uguna caansan biyaha nadiifka ah ee Ruushka, waa harada ugu qoto dheer, ugu daahirsan, ugu da'da weyn uguna awooda badan, kana kooban shan meelood meel biyaha sare ee cusub ee aduunka. Ladoga iyo Onega ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Ruushka waa labada harooyinka ugu waaweyn Yurub . Ruushka ayaa kaalinta labaad kaga jira Brazil marka loo eego wadarta kheyraadka biyaha la cusboonaysiin karo . Volga ee galbeedka Ruushka, oo si weyn loogu tixgeliyo inuu yahay webiga qaranka Ruushka, waa webiga ugu dheer Yurub wuxuuna sameeyaa Volga Delta , delta webiga ugu weyn qaaradda. Wabiyada Siberian ee Ob , Yenisey , Lena , iyo Amur waxay ka mid yihiin webiyada aduunka ugu dheer ===Cimilada=== Baaxadda Ruushka iyo fogaanshiyaha meelo badan oo ka mid ah aagagga badda ayaa keenaya xukunka cimilada qaarada ee qoyan ee dalka intiisa badan, marka laga reebo tundra iyo koonfur-galbeed ee xad dhaafka ah. Kala duwanaanshaha buuraha ee koonfurta iyo bari waxay hor istaagaan qulqulka hawada diiran ee ka imanaysa badweynta Hindiya iyo Pacific, halka bannaanka Yurub ee ku dhereran galbeedka iyo woqooyiga uu u furo inuu saameyn ku yeesho badweynta Atlantic iyo Arctic. Inta badan waqooyi-galbeed ee Ruushka iyo Siberiya waxay leeyihiin cimilo dhul-beereed ah , oo leh jiilaal aad u daran gobollada gudaha ee waqooyi-bari Siberiya (inta badan Sakha , halkaas oo Cirifka Waqooyi ee Qabowgu uu ku yaal heerkul hooseeya -71.2 °C ama -96.2 °F), iyo jiilaal dhexdhexaad ah oo meelo kale ah. Xeebta ballaaran ee Ruushka ee ku teedsan badweynta Arctic iyo jasiiradaha Arctic ee Ruushka ayaa leh cimilo cimilo [[File:Russia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg|thumb|Kala soocida cimilada Köppen ee Ruushka]] Qaybta xeebta ee Krasnodar Krai ee ku taal badda madow, gaar ahaan Sochi , iyo qaar ka mid ah xeebaha iyo gudaha ee Waqooyiga Caucasus waxay leeyihiin cimilo qoyan oo qoyan oo leh jiilaal qafiif ah iyo qoyan. Gobolo badan oo ka mid ah Bariga Siberiya iyo Bariga Fog ee Ruushka, jiilaalku waa qallayl marka loo eego xagaaga, halka qaybaha kale ee dalka ay la kulmaan xitaa roobab badan xilliyada. Roobabka jiilaalka ee dalka intiisa badan waxay u da'aan sida baraf. Qaybaha galbeed ee gobolka Kaliningrad iyo qaybo ka mid ah koonfurta Krasnodar Krai iyo Waqooyiga Caucasus waxay leeyihiin cimilo badweyn . Gobolka ku teedsan Volga Hoose iyo xeebta Badda Caspian, iyo sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah jeexjeexyada koonfureed ee Siberiya, waxay leeyihiin cimilo semi-oomane ah . Inta badan dhulka, waxaa jira laba xilli oo kala duwan, jiilaal iyo xagaaga, maadaama gu'ga iyo deyrta ay badiyaa kooban yihiin. Bisha ugu qabow waa Janaayo (Febraayo ee xeebta); sida caadiga ah ugu kulul waa Luulyo. Heerkul aad u weyn ayaa caadi ah. Xilliga jiilaalka, heerkulku wuu sii qabowsadaa koonfurta ilaa woqooyiga iyo galbeedka ilaa bari labadaba. Kulaylku wuxuu noqon karaa mid aad u kulul, xitaa Siberiya. Isbeddelka cimilada ee Ruushka ayaa keenaya dab-damis badan oo soo noqnoqda , iyo dhalaalidda baaxadda weyn ee waddanka ee permafrost ===Kala duwanaanshaha noolaha=== Ruushka, oo ay ugu wacan tahay cabbirkiisa weyn, wuxuu leeyahay nidaamyo deegaan oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan lamadegaanka polar , tundra , kaynta-tundra , taiga , kaynta isku dhafka ah iyo ballaaran ,kaynta kaynta , steppe , lamadegaanka-sare, iyo kulaylaha hoose . Qiyaastii kala badh dhulka Ruushku waa kaymo, waxayna leedahay aagga adduunka ugu weyn ee kaynta, taas oo soo saarta qaar ka mid ah qaddarka ugu sarreeya ee carbon dioxide . [[File:Саблинский хребет.jpg|thumb|Beerta Qaranka ee Yugyd Va ee Jamhuuriyadda Komi waa beerta qaran ee ugu weyn Yurub.]] Kala duwanaanshiyaha noolaha ee Ruushka waxaa ka mid ah 12,500 nooc oo dhirta xididdada dhiigga ah , 2,200 nooc oo bryophytes ah , qiyaastii 3,000 nooc oo lichens ah , 7,000-9,000 nooc oo algae ah , iyo 20,000-25,000 oo nooc oo fangaska ah. Xayawaanaadka Ruushku waxay ka kooban yihiin 320 nooc oo naasley ah , in ka badan 732 nooc oo shimbiro ah, 75 nooc oo xamaarato ah, qiyaastii 30 nooc oo amphibians ah , 343 nooc oo kalluunka biyaha saafiga ah ( endemism sare ), qiyaastii 1,500 nooc oo kalluunka biyaha cusbada ah , 9 nooc oo cyclostomata ah , iyo qiyaastii 100-0 ( dhammaadka 100-0).  Ku dhawaad ​​1,100 nooc oo dhir iyo xayawaan ah oo dhif iyo naad ah ayaa lagu daray Buugga Xogta Cas ee Ruushka .  Nidaamka deegaanka dabiiciga ah ee Ruushka ayaa lagu kaydiyaa ku dhawaad ​​15,000 oo dhul dabiici ah oo si gaar ah loo ilaaliyo oo heerar kala duwan leh, oo haysta in ka badan 10% bedka guud ee dalka. Waxay ka kooban yihiin 45 kayd biosphere ah ,64 jardiinooyin qaran ah iyo 101 kayd dabiici ah . Inkasta oo hoos u dhac ku yimid, waddanku wuxuu weli leeyahay habab badan oo deegaanka ah kuwaas oo weli loo tixgeliyo kaynta saxda ah , gaar ahaan aagga waqooyiga taiga, iyo tundra subarctic ee Siberia.  Ruushku waxa uu lahaa tusmaynta hufnaanta dhuleed kaynta celceliska dhibcaha 9.02 ee 2019, isaga oo ku daraya 10th marka loo eego 172 waddan, iyo waddankii ugu horreeyay ee kaalinta koowaad ka gala adduunka ugu weyn. ===Dowladda iyo siyaasadda=== [[File:Владимир Путин (08-03-2024) (cropped) (higher res).jpg|thumb|Madaxweyne Vladimir Putin]] [[File:Mikhail Mishustin 2025-08-21.jpg|thumb|Mikhail Mishustin Ra'iisul Wasaare]] [[File:Chart_Constitution_of_Russia_EN.svg|thumb|Shaxda nidaamka siyaasadeed ee Ruushka]] Ruushku marka loo eego dastuurku waa jamhuuriyad federaali ah oo siman oo leh nidaam madax-weyne oo badheed ah , oo uu madaxweynuhu yahay madaxa dawladda , iyo ra'iisul wasaaruhuna waa madaxa dawladda . Waxa loo qaabeeyey sidii dimoqraadiyad matalaysa xisbiyada badan , iyadoo dawladda federaalku ka kooban tahay saddex waaxood: Sharci-dejinta: Golaha federaalka ee labada aqal ee Ruushka , oo ka kooban 450-xubnood Duma State iyo 170-xubnood Golaha Federation , ansixiyay sharciga federaalka , ku dhawaaqay dagaal , ansixiyaa heshiisyada, wuxuu leeyahay awoodda boorsada iyo awoodda xilka qaadista madaxweynaha. Fulinta: Madaxweynuhu waa taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida , wuxuuna magacaabayaa Xukuumadda Ruushka (Xukuumadda) iyo saraakiisha kale, kuwaas oo maamula oo dhaqangeliya sharciyada iyo siyaasadaha federaalka. Madaxweynuhu waxa uu soo saari karaa wareegtooyin aan xad lahayn , waase haddii aanay ka hor imanayn dastuurka ama sharciga federaalka. Garsoorka : Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah , Maxkamadda Sare iyo Maxkamadaha hoose ee federaalka , kuwaas oo garsoorayaashoodu ay magacaabeen Golaha Federaalku soo jeedinta madaxweynaha, waxay fasiraan sharciyada waxayna burin karaan sharciyada ay u arkaan inay ka soo horjeedaan dastuurka . Madaxweynaha waxaa lagu soo doortaa cod dadweyne oo lix sano ah, waxaana la dooran karaa wax aan ka badneyn laba jeer. Wasaaradaha xukuumadda waxay ka kooban yihiin ra'iisul wasaaraha iyo ku xigeenadiisa, wasiirro, iyo shaqsiyaad kale oo la soo xulay; dhamaantood waxaa soo magacaabaya madaxweynaha marka uu soo jeediyo ra’iisul wasaaraha (halka magacaabista kan dambe ay u baahan tahay ogolaanshaha Duma State). United Russia waa xisbiga siyaasadeed ee ugu awooda badan Russia , waxaana lagu tilmaamay " teendho weyn " iyo " xisbiga awooda ". Ka dib Soviet-Ruushka waxay ahayd dimoqraadiyad cilladaysan intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa Boris Yeltsin . 267​​​ ​​​​​​​ :223  Nidaamka siyaasadeed waxa uu ka soo unkamay kalitalisnimo doorasho oo isu rogtay nidaam keli talis ah oo isku xidhan . : 323  Saynisyahannada siyaasadda qaarkood waxay ku sifeeyeen Putin inuu yahay madaxa kalitalisnimada , ama nidaam shakhsi ah. Mudadii labaad ee Putin uu ahaa madaxweynaha waxa ay horseedday is-maamulid dheeraad ah, : 512  : 80-81  taasoo ahayd tii ugu muhiimsanayd tan iyo xilligii Soofiyeedka, iyada oo ay qorayaasha qaar soo jeedinayaan dib u soo noolayn guud . Siyaasadaha maamulida Putin waxaa guud ahaan loogu yeeraa Putinism ===Kala qaybsanaan siyaasadeed=== Ruushka, marka loo eego dastuurka, waa mid isku mid ah (oo leh suurtagalnimada qaabeynta asymmetric) federaalka . Si ka duwan qaabkii asymmetric Soviet ee RSFSR, halkaas oo jamhuuriyadaha kaliya ay ahaayeen "mawduucyada federaalka", dastuurka hadda jira wuxuu kor u qaaday maqaamka gobollada kale ilaa heerka jamhuuriyada wuxuuna ka dhigay dhammaan gobollada la siman cinwaanka "mawduuca federaalka". Gobollada Ruushku waxay leeyihiin meelo ay ka mid yihiin awooddooda, laakiin gobolladu ma laha madax-bannaani, ma laha maqaam qaran, xaq uma laha inay muujiyaan wax madaxbannaani ah dastuurkooda, xaqna uma laha inay ka go'aan dalka. Sharciyada goboladu kama hor iman karaan shuruucda federaalka. Mawduucyada federaalka waxay leeyihiin matalaad siman—laba ergo midkiiba — Golaha Federaalka , aqalka sare ee Baarlamaanka Federaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, way ku kala duwan yihiin heerka madax-bannaanida ay ku raaxaystaan. Degmooyinka federaalka ee Ruushka waxaa aasaasay Putin 2000 si ay u fududeeyaan maamulka dhexe ee maadooyinka federaalka. Asal ahaan todoba, hadda waxaa jira siddeed degmo oo federaal ah, oo mid walba uu madax ka yahay ergey uu magacaabay madaxweynuhu. [[File:Map_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_(2022),_disputed_Crimea_and_Donbass.svg|thumb|]] ===Xiriirka dibadda=== [[File:2019 Foto de família dos Líderes do G20.jpg|thumb|Putin iyo dhiggiisa G20 ee Osaka , 2019]] Ruushku waxa uu leeyahay shabakadda dublamaasiyadeed ee lixaad ee ugu weyn adduunka marka la gaadho 2024 . Waxa ay xidhiidh dublamaasiyadeed la leedahay 187 dawladood oo Qaramada Midoobay ka tirsan , laba dawladood oo qayb ahaan la aqoonsan yahay , iyo laba waddan oo Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan kormeerayaal iyo 143 safaaradood . Ruushku waa mid ka mid ah shanta xubnood ee joogtada ah ee Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay . Guud ahaan waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inay tahay awood weyn , inkastoo la su'aalay in ay sii hayn karto heerkan. Ruushku sidoo kale waa quwad hore oo hore oo ah hormuudka xubinta ka ah Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee hore. iyo dhaxalka sharciga ah ee siyaasadaha dibadda ee Soofiyeedka. Waa xubin ka mid ah G20 , OSCE , iyo APEC - iyo xubnaha hogaaminaya ururada sida CIS , EAEU , CSTO , iyo SCO . Ruushku wuxuu sidoo kale xubin ka ahaa G8 (hadda G7 ) iyo qayb ka mid ah Golaha Yurub ka hor inta aan laga saarin labada kooxood ee 2014 iyo 2022, siday u kala horreeyaan. Ruushku waxa uu xidhiidh dhow la leeyahay dalka ay jaarka yihiin ee Belarus , kaas oo qayb ka ah Dawlad-goboleedka Midowga , oo ah isku xidhka labada dawladood. Serbia waxa ay taariikh ahaan xulafo dhow la ahayd Ruushka, maadaama labada dal ay wadaagaan xidhiidh dhaqameed, qowmiyad iyo diineed oo xooggan. Laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 21aad, xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya Ruushka iyo Shiinaha ayaa si weyn u xoojiyay laba geesood iyo dhaqaale ahaan sababtoo ah danaha siyaasadeed ee la wadaago. Hindiya waa macaamiisha ugu weyn ee qalabka militariga Ruushka, labada dal waxay wadaagaan xiriir istaraatiijiyadeed iyo mid diblomaasiyadeed oo xooggan tan iyo xilligii Soofiyeedka. Ruushku wuxuu leeyahay saameyn weyn oo siyaasadeed guud ahaan juqraafi ahaan muhiim u ah Koonfurta Caucasus iyo Bartamaha Aasiya, labada gobol ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay qayb ka yihiin "dabada dambe" ee Ruushka ama "meel u dhow" [[File:Russian-list-of-unfriendly-countries.svg|thumb|Ruushka Wadamada ku jira liiska wadamada aan saaxiibada ahayn ee Russia. Liiskan ayaa waxaa ku jira dalal cunaqabateyn ku soo rogay Ruushka duulaanka uu ku qaaday Ukraine.]] Ruushku waxa uu Turkiga la wadaagaa xidhiidh istiraatijiyadeed oo adag, tamar iyo difaac . Waxay ilaalisaa xidhiidhka wanaagsan ee Iran, maadaama ay tahay xulafo istiraatiiji ah iyo dhaqaale. Ruushka ayaa sidoo kale si weyn u horumariyay xiriirka uu la leeyahay Kuuriyada Waqooyi ka dib duulaankii Ukraine ee 2022, iyadoo la kordhiyay iskaashiga difaaca. Isla mar ahaantaana, xiriirka ay la leedahay deriska deriska ah ee Ukraine iyo dunida Galbeedka - gaar ahaan Mareykanka iyo wadammada wadajirka ah ee Midowga Yurub iyo NATO - ayaa burburay. Qarnigii 21-aad, Ruushku waxa uu waday siyaasad dibadeed oo gardarro ah oo ujeeddadeedu tahay in lagu sugo awoodda gobolka ee Yurub iyo kordhinta saamaynta caalamiga ah, iyo sidoo kale kordhinta taageerada gudaha ee dawladda. Waxay bilawday faragelin milatari oo ku saabsan dawladihii Soviet-ka ee Georgia iyo Ukraine, iyo sidoo kale Suuriya intii lagu jiray dagaalkii sokeeye ee daba dheeraaday si ay u kordhiso saamaynta ay ku leedahay Bariga Dhexe . Ruushka ayaa sidoo kale si sii kordheysa u riixay inuu ballaariyo saameyntiisa guud ahaan Arctic , Aasiya -Pacific , Afrika iyo Latin America . Saddex-meelood laba meel dadka adduunka, gaar ahaan dalalka soo koraya ee Koonfurta Caalamka , waa dhexdhexaad ama siyaasad ahaan u janjeera dhanka Ruushka. Ruushku waxa kale oo uu sii waday adeegsiga xeelado qaran dumis ah si uu u kordhiyo aragtida awoodiisa juqraafiyeed ee dalalka ay xafiiltamaan, oo ay ku jiraan dagaalka internetka , ololeyaal been abuur ah , weerarro kharibaad ah , isku day dil , jebinta hawada sare iyo saber-rattling nuclear. ===Milatari=== [[File:Sukhoi Design Bureau, 054, Sukhoi T-50 (Su-57 prototype) (49581303977).jpg|thumb|Sukhoi Su-57 dagaalyahan jiilka shanaad ee Ciidanka Cirka ee Ruushka ]] Ciidamada Ruushka waxay u kala qaybsan yihiin ciidamada dhulka , ciidamada badda , iyo hawada hawada -sidoo kale waxaa jira laba hub oo kala madax banaan oo kala ah ciidamada gantaalaha istiraatijiga ah iyo ciidamada cirka . Laga bilaabo 2025 , millatarigu waxa ay haystaan ​​1.1 milyan oo shaqaale firfircoon ah , kuwaas oo ah shanaad ee ugu wayn adduunka iyo ilaa 1.5 milyan oo shaqaale kayd ah . Waa qasab dhammaan muwaadiniinta ragga ah ee da'doodu u dhaxayso 18-27 in loo diyaariyo hal sano oo ka mid ah adeegga Ciidanka Qalabka Sida. Ruushku waxa uu ka mid yahay shanta dawladood ee la aqoonsan yahay ee haysta hubka Nukliyeerka , oo leh kaydka ugu badan ee hubka Nukliyeerka ; in ka badan kala bar hubka nukliyeerka adduunka waxaa iska leh Ruushka. Ruushku waxa uu haystaa raxanta labaad ee ugu weyn maraakiibta quusta gantaalaha ballistic-ga ah , waana mid ka mid ah saddexda waddan ee keliya ee ka hawlgala duqaymaha istaraatiijiga ah .Laga bilaabo 2023 , Ruushku waxa uu hayaa kharashka saddexaad ee ugu sarreeya adduunka , isaga oo kharash gareeya $109 bilyan, oo u dhiganta 5.9% GDP-ga. Sidoo kale waa dhoofinta hubka saddexaad ee ugu weyn , waxayna leedahay warshad difaac oo ballaaran oo wadani ah , taasoo soo saarta inta badan qalabkeeda militari ===Xuquuqda Aadanaha=== Xadgudubyada ka dhanka ah xuquuqul insaanka ee Russia ayaa waxaa isa soo taraya warbixino ay soo gudbiyaan dimuquraadiyada iyo kooxaha xuquuqul insaanka ee hogaaminaya . Gaar ahaan, Amnesty International iyo Human Rights Watch waxay sheegeen in Ruushku aanu ahayn mid dimuqraadi ah oo u oggolaanaya xuquuq yar oo siyaasadeed iyo xorriyadaha madaniga ah ee muwaadiniintiisa. Laga soo bilaabo 2004, Freedom House waxay Ruushka ku qiimeysay "mid aan xor ahayn" marka la eego sahanka Xoriyadda ee Adduunka . Tan iyo 2011, Unugga Sirdoonka Dhaqaalaha ayaa Russia ku qiimeeyay "xukunka madax-bannaanida" ee tusmada Dimuqraadiyadda , isagoo ku qiimeeyay 150th ee 167 waddan ee 2024 . Dowladda Ruushka waxaa si weyn u dhaleeceeyay mucaaradka siyaasadeed iyo dadka u dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda aadanaha doorashooyin aan caddaalad ahayn , caburinta xisbiyada siyaasadda mucaaradka iyo mudaaharaadyada , cadaadis lagu hayo hay'adaha aan dawliga ahayn iyo xoojinta cadaadiska iyo dilka saxafiyiinta madaxa banaan [[File:Protest_against_the_invasion_of_Ukraine_(Yekaterinburg,_February_24,_2022).jpg|thumb|Ka dib duulaankii Ruushka ee Ukraine 2022, mudaharaadyo looga soo horjeedo ayaa ka dhacay guud ahaan Ruushka. Mudaaharaadyada ayaa la kulmay cadaadis baahsan, taasoo keentay in ilaa 15,000 oo qof la xiro.]] Muslimiinta, gaar ahaan Salafiyada , ayaa cadaadis kala kulmay Ruushka. Si loo baabi'iyo kacdoonka Waqooyiga Caucasus , mas'uuliyiinta Ruushka ayaa lagu eedeeyay dil aan loo meel dayin, xiri, qasab la waayay, iyo jirdil loo geystay dad rayid ah. Magaalada Dagestan , qaar ka mid ah salafiyiinta oo ay weheliyaan dhibaatayn dawladeed oo ku salaysan muuqaalkooda, ayaa guryahooda lagu qarxiyay hawlgallo ka dhan ah mucaaradka. Chechens iyo Ingush ee ku jira xabsiyada Ruushka ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay ku kacaan xadgudubyo ka badan kuwa qowmiyadaha kale. Intii lagu guda jiray duulaankii 2022 ee Ukraine, Ruushku wuxuu sameeyay xeryo sifeyn ah halkaas oo dad badan oo Yukreeniyaan ah ay la kulmaan xadgudubyo oo si qasab ah loogu diro Ruushka; Xeryaha ayaa la barbar dhigay kuwii loo adeegsaday dagaalladii Jeejniya . Cadaadiska siyaasadeed ayaa sidoo kale kor u kacay ka dib bilawgii duulaanka, iyada oo la sameeyay sharciyo qeexaya ciqaabta "calaamadaha" ciidamada qalabka sida. Ruushku waxa uu soo rogay dhawr xayiraad xuquuqda LGBTQ . 2013, sharci lid ku ah LGBTQ oo mamnuucaya "dacaayadaha khaniisiinta" ayaa si wadajir ah u ansixiyay Duma State iyo Golaha Federaalka, ka dib waxaa saxiixay sharciga Vladimir Putin. Sannadkii 2020, baarlamaanka Ruushku wuxuu sharciyeeyey mamnuucid dastuuri ah oo ku saabsan guurka dadka isku jinsiga ah , iyo 2021 Wasaaradda Caddaaladdu waxay u magacawday kooxda xuquuqda LGBTQ ee Shabakadda LGBT ee Ruushka inay tahay " wakiil shisheeye ". Sannadkii 2022, wax-ka-beddello dheeraad ah ayaa lagu sameeyay sharciga 2013 ee lidka ku ah LGBTQ. 2023, baarlamaanka Ruushku wuxuu ansixiyay sharci mamnuucaya qalliinka dib-u-dejinta jinsiga ee dadka jinsiga ah iyo Maxkamadda Sare ee Ruushka waxay mamnuucday dhaqdhaqaaqa caalamiga ah ee LGBTQ sida "xagjirnimo", oo ka mamnuucaya dalka. Sannadkii 2024, Maxkamadda Sare waxay soo saartay xukunnada ugu horreeya ee xukunka dambe. ===Sharciga, musuqmaasuqa iyo dembiyada=== Raashiya wixii ka dambeeyay Soviet-ka ee taliskii Vladimir Putin waxa lagu maamulay qaab hanti-wadaag ah . Nidaamkeeda siyaasadeed ayaa siyaabo kala duwan loogu tilmaamay sida kleptocracy , oligarchy , iyo plutocracy . Laga bilaabo 2024 , waa dalka Yurub ugu hooseeya ee lagu qiimeeyay tusmada sannadlaha ah ee Transparency International , taasoo ku jirta kaalinta 154aad ee 180ka waddan ee liiska ku jira [[File:Alexei_Navalny_marching_in_2017.jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyaha mucaaradka Alexei Navalny oo hogaaminaya mudaaharaadayaasha Moscow ee mudaaharaadyada musuqmaasuqa lagaga soo horjeedo ee 2017-2018]] Musuqmaasuqa ayaa si weyn u kordhay ka dib burburkii Midowgii Soofiyeeti, waxaana loo arkaa arrin muhiim ah oo bulshada dhexdeeda ah. Waxay saamaysaa qaybo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan dhaqaalaha, dawladda , sharci fulinta , daryeelka caafimaadka , waxbarashada , iyo ciidamada. Dhaqaalaha hooska ee Ruushka ayaa lagu qiyaasay inuu yahay 44% wadarta guud ee GDP ee 2018. Cutubyo militari oo ciqaabeed ayaa la geeyay sida ciidamada duufaanka inta lagu jiro dagaalka Russo-Ukrain ee socda tan iyo 2022, sida Storm-Z iyo Storm-V cutubyada. Marka loo eego qiyaasaha ay samaysay BBC-da, ku dhawaad ​​48,000 oo maxaabiis ah ayaa loo qoray inay u dagaalamaan Kooxda Wagner. Qoraalka aasaasiga ah iyo aasaasiga ah ee sharciyada ee Russia waa dastuurka. Xeerarka, sida Xeerka Madaniga ah ee Ruushka iyo Xeerka Dambiyada Ruushka , ayaa ah ilaha ugu sarreeya ee sharciga Ruushka. Ruushku waxa uu leeyahay dadka ugu badan ee la xidhxidhay Yurub, iyo dadka shanaad ee ugu badan maxaabiista adduunka. Xadka xabsigu wuxuu ka mid yahay kuwa ugu sarreeya Yurub, inkasta oo tiradu si joogto ah hoos ugu dhacday, 59% tan iyo 2000. Ilaa 2021 , heerka dilka ula kac ah ee Ruushka wuxuu istaagay 6.8 qof kasta 100,000. Sannadkii 2023, Ruushku wuxuu lahaa suuqa labaad ee ugu weyn adduunka ee ganacsiga hubka sharci darrada ah, ka dib Maraykanka, waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay xudunta muhiimka ah ee ka ganacsiga dadka, waxaana kaalinta koowaad kaga jira Yurub iyo 19aad ee adduunka ee Tusaha Dambiyada Abaabulan ee Caalamiga ah ==Dhaqaalaha== Ruushku waxa uu leeyahay dakhli sare , warshadaysan, dhaqaale isku dhafan oo ku jihaysan suuqa ka dib isbedel qallafsan oo ka yimid qaabkii la qorsheeyay ee Soofiyeedka intii lagu jiray 1990-meeyadii. Waxay leedahay dhaqaalaha kow iyo tobnaad ee ugu weyn GDP magac ahaan iyo dhaqaalaha afaraad ee ugu weyn GDP ( PPP ). Marka la eego sanadka 2023 , waaxda adeeggu waxa ay ku dhowdahay 57% wadarta guud ee GDP, waxaana ku xiga qaybta warshadaha (30%), halka qaybta beeruhu ay tahay ta ugu yar, oo ah 3% wadarta guud ee GDP. Waxay leedahay xoog shaqaale ah oo ku saabsan 73 milyan, taas oo ah siddeedaad ee ugu weyn adduunka. Ganacsiga ugu weyn ee Ruushka waa Shiinaha [[File:Business_Centre_of_Moscow_2.jpg|thumb|Xarunta Ganacsiga Caalamiga ah ee Moscow]] Horumarinta bini'aadamka ee Ruushka ayaa lagu qiimeeyaa sida "aad u sarreeya" Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha ee sanadlaha ah . Ku dhawaad ​​70% wadarta guud ee GDP-ga Ruushka waxa dhaqaajiya isticmaalka kama dambaysta ah , waddankuna waxa uu leeyahay suuqa laba iyo tobnaad ee ugu weyn adduunka ee macaamiisha . Russia ayaa leh tirada shanaad ee ugu badan ee bilyaneerada adduunka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sinnaan la'aanta dakhligeeda ayaa weli ah mid aad u sarreeya marka loo eego waddamada kale ee horumaray. Kala duwanaanshaha kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee maadooyinka federaalka ayaa sidoo kale horseeday kala duwanaansho dhaqaale ee gobolka . Heerarka sare ee musuqmaasuqa , hoos u dhaca dakhliga dhoofinta saliidda, xoog shaqaale oo sii yaraanaya, duulimaadka raasamaal ee dadka , iyo gabowga iyo hoos u dhaca dadweynaha ayaa sidoo kale ah caqabadaha waaweyn ee kobaca dhaqaalaha mustaqbalka. Ka dib duulaankii Ruushka ee 2022 ee Ukraine , waddanku wuxuu la kulmay cunaqabatayn ballaaran iyo falal kale oo maaliyadeed oo taban oo ka yimid dunida reer galbeedka iyo xulafadeeda kuwaas oo ujeeddadoodu tahay in dhaqaalaha Ruushka laga saaro nidaamka maaliyadeed ee reer galbeedka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ruushku wuxuu soo gabagabeeyey u gudubka dhaqaalaha dagaalka , wuxuuna muujiyay adkeysiga tallaabooyinkan oo kale si ballaaran, ilaalinta xasilloonida dhaqaalaha iyo kobaca - oo ay ugu horreyso kharashaadka milatari ee sarreeya , kor u kaca isticmaalka qoyska iyo mushaharka , shaqo la'aanta yar , iyo korodhka kharashka dawladda . Hase yeeshee, sicir-bararka ayaa ahaa mid aad u sarreeya, oo leh khabiiro saadaaliyay in cunaqabatayntu ay saameyn xun ku yeelan doonto dhaqaalaha Ruushka muddo dheer. ===Gaadiidka iyo tamarta=== Gaadiidka tareenada ee Ruushka waxaa inta badan gacanta ku haya jidka tareenada ee ay dawladdu maamusho . Wadarta dhererka wadooyinka tareenada ee la wada isticmaalo waa kan saddexaad ee aduunka ugu dheer , oo dhaafa 87,000 km (54,100 mi). Laga bilaabo 2019 , Ruushku waxa uu leeyahay shabakada shanaad ee aduunka ugu wayn , oo leh in ka badan 1.5 milyan km oo wadooyin ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cufnaanta waddooyinkeeda ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya adduunka, qayb ahaan ilaa dhulkeeda ballaaran. Marin-biyoodyada gudaha ee Ruushka ayaa ah kuwa ugu dheer adduunka , oo dhan 102,000 km (63,380 mi). Waxay leedahay in ka badan 900 garoon diyaaradeed , kaalinta toddobaad ee adduunka, kaas oo kan ugu mashquulka badan yahay Gegida Caalamiga ah ee Sheremetyevo ee Moscow. Dekadaha ugu waaweyn waxaa ka mid ah Dekedda Novorossiysk , Dekedda weyn ee Saint Petersburg iyo Dekedda Vladivostok [[File:VL_85-022_container_train.jpg|thumb|Jidka Tareenka ee Trans-Siberian waa khadka tareenka ugu dheer adduunka, isaga oo ku xiraya Moscow ilaa Vladivostok]] [[File:Airbus_A319-112,_CSA_-_Czech_Airlines_AN2166020.jpg|thumb|Gegida caalamiga ah ee Sheremetyevo waa madaarka ugu mashquulka badan Ruushka]] Ruushka wuxuu leeyahay mid ka mid ah kheyraadka tamarta ugu weyn adduunka inta lagu jiro dhulkiisa ballaaran, gaar ahaan gaasta dabiiciga ah iyo saliidda , kuwaas oo door muhiim ah ka ciyaara isku filnaanshiyaha tamarta iyo dhoofinta. Waxaa si weyn loogu tilmaamay inay tahay quwad sare oo tamarta ah . Ruushku waxa uu leeyahay kaydka gaaska ugu wayn ee la xaqiijiyay aduunka , kaydka dhuxusha labaad ee ugu wayn , kaydka saliida ee sideedaad ee ugu wayn , iyo kaydka saliida ee ugu wayn Yurub. Laga bilaabo 2023 , sidoo kale waa soosaarka labaad ee ugu weyn iyo dhoofinta saddexaad ee ugu badan ee gaaska dabiiciga ah , iyo sidoo kale soosaarka iyo dhoofinta saliidda ceyriin ee labaad . Qaybta weyn ee saliidda iyo gaaska ee Ruushku waxay ku xisaabtameen 30% dakhliga miisaaniyada federaalka ee 2024, oo hoos uga dhacay 50% bartamihii 2010-meeyadii, taas oo soo jeedinaysa kala duwanaansho dhaqaale. Ruushka waa dalka saddexaad ee ugu wax soo saarka tamarta badan adduunka marka la gaaro 2023 . Shidaalka fosilku wuxuu xisaabiyaa in ka badan 64% wax soo saarka tamarta iyo 87% isticmaalka tamarta. Gaaska dabiiciga ah ayaa ilaa hadda ah isha ugu weyn ee tamarta, oo ka kooban kala bar wax soo saarka tamarta iyo 42% isticmaalka korontada. Ruushku wuxuu ahaa waddankii ugu horreeyay ee horumariya awoodda nukliyeerka rayidka ah, isagoo dhisay warshaddii ugu horreysay ee nukliyeerka adduunka 1954, wuxuuna weli hormuud ka yahay tignoolajiyada tamarta nukliyeerka waxaana loo arkaa inuu yahay hoggaamiye caalami ah oo ka shaqeeya fal-celinta neutron -ka . Ruushku waa dunida afraad ee soo saarta tamarta nukliyeerka . Siyaasadda tamarta ee Ruushku waxay ujeedadeedu tahay in la ballaariyo doorka tamarta nukliyeerka iyo horumarinta tignoolajiyada cusub ee reactor. Ruushku waa dalka kaliya ee dhisa oo ka shaqeeya barafka ku shaqeeya tamarta nukliyeerka , kaas oo fududeeya marinka marinka badda woqooyi , : 192  oo ka caawiya ka faa'iidaysiga siyaasadiisa Arctic shelf continental shelf . Ruushka ayaa ku biiray heshiiskii Paris ee isbedelka cimilada 2015, waxayna ansixiyeen heshiiska 2019. Gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu sii daayo ayaa ah kan afaraad ee ugu weyn adduunka marka la gaaro 2023 . Dhuxusha ayaa ka badan 10% isticmaalka tamarta. Ruushku waa soo saaraha shanaad ee ugu weyn ee tamarta korontada laga bilaabo 2022 , oo leh koronto koronto oo wax ku biirinaysa ku dhawaad ​​shanaad ee wadarta tamarta tamarta (17%). In kasta oo ay tahay tamarta siddeedaad ee ugu weyn ee la cusboonaysiin karo illaa 2023 , isticmaalka iyo horumarinta ilaha tamarta kale ee la cusboonaysiin karo ayaa weli ah mid aan muuqan, maadaama Ruushku uu ka mid yahay dalal yar oo aan lahayn taageero xooggan oo dawladeed ama mid dadweyne oo loogu talagalay kala-guurka tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo ===Beeraha iyo kalluumaysiga=== [[File:Wheat_Tomsk.jpg|thumb|Hilibka ee gobolka Tomsk , Siberiya]] Beeraha, kaymaha iyo kalluumaysigu waxay ka qaybqaataan 3.3% wadarta guud ee GDP ee dalka marka la eego sanadka 2023 . Waxay leedahay aagga afraad ee adduunka ugu weyn ee la beero , oo ah 1,265,267 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (488,522 sq mi). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qallafsanaanta deegaankeeda awgeed, kaliya 13.1% dhulkeeda ayaa ah beeralay , iyada oo 7.4% dheeraad ah ay tahay mid la beeri karo . Dhulka beeralayda ee dalka waxa loo arkaa qayb ka mid ah " dambiisha rootiga " ee Yurub. In ka badan saddex-meelood meel meel la beero ayaa loo qoondeeyay dalagyada calafka, iyo dhul-beereedka soo haray waxaa loo isticmaalaa dalagyada warshadaha , khudaarta, iyo miraha. Wax soo saarka ugu muhiimsan ee beeralayda Ruushku waxay had iyo jeer ahayd hadhuudh, taas oo si fiican u fadhiisata kala badh dhulka dalagga. Ruushku waa dhoofinta ugu badan ee sarreenka aduunka waana kan ugu badan ee soo saara shaciirka iyo qamadiga . Waxa kale oo ay ka mid tahay dhoofinta ugu badan ee gallayda iyo saliidda gabbaldayaha , iyo sidoo kale hormoodka wax soo saarka bacriminta . Falanqeeyayaasha kala duwan ee la qabsiga isbeddelka cimilada ayaa saadaaliyay fursadaha waaweyn ee beeraha Ruushka inta lagu jiro inta ka hartay qarniga 21-aad iyadoo awood-u-heliddu ay sii kordheyso Siberiya, taas oo horseedi doonta u haajiridda gudaha iyo dibedda labadaba gobolka. Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay xeebta weyn ee ay ku teedsan yihiin saddex badood iyo laba iyo toban badood oo cidhifyo ah, Ruushku waxa uu ilaaliyaa warshadaha kalluumaysiga ee lixaad ee ugu wayn adduunka , isaga oo qabsaday ku dhawaad ​​5 milyan oo tan oo kalluun ah 2018 . wadarta kalluunka cusub iyo barafaysan. ===Sayniska iyo farsamada=== Ruushku wuxuu ku kharash gareeyay 1% GDP-ga cilmi baarista iyo horumarinta sanadka 2019, iyada oo leh miisaaniyada tobnaad ee ugu sareysa adduunka . Waxa kale oo ay gashay kaalinta tobnaad ee aduunka tirada daabacaadaha sayniska ee 2020, iyada oo ku dhawaad ​​1.3 milyan oo waraaqo ah. Ilaa 1904tii, Nobel Prize waxaa la guddoonsiiyay 26 Soofiyeedka iyo Ruushka xagga fiisigiska , kimistariga , caafimaadka , dhaqaalaha , suugaanta iyo nabadda . Ruushku wuxuu galay 60th ee Tusaha Hal-abuurka Caalamiga ah ee 2024, oo hoos uga dhacay 45th ee 2021. Tan iyo wakhtiyadii Nikolay Lobachevsky , oo hormuud ka ahaa joomatari aan Euclidean ahayn , iyo Pafnuty Chebyshev , oo ah macalin caan ah, xisaabyahannada Ruushku waxay noqdeen kuwa ugu saameynta badan adduunka. Dmitry Mendeleev waxa uu alifay miiska xilliyeedka , oo ah qaabka ugu muhiimsan ee kimistariga casriga ah . Sagaal xisaabyahan oo Soofiyeedka iyo Ruushka ah ayaa lagu abaalmariyay Biladda Goobaha . Grigori Perelman waxaa la siiyay Abaalmarinta Dhibaatada Abaalmarinta Clay Millennium Prize ee caddayntiisii ​​​​ugu dambeysay ee malo-awaalka Poincaré ee 2002, iyo sidoo kale Biladda Beeraha ee 2006 [[File:M.V._Lomonosov_by_L.Miropolskiy_after_G.C.Prenner_(1787,_RAN).jpg|thumb|Mikhail Lomonosov (1711-1765), saynisyahano xisaabeed , hal-abuure, gabayaa iyo farshaxan]] Alexander Popov wuxuu ka mid ahaa hal-abuurayaashii raadiyaha , halka Nikolai Basov iyo Alexander Prokhorov ay ka mid ahaayeen hal-abuurayaasha laser iyo maser . Oleg Losev waxa uu sameeyay tabarucaad muhiim ah oo ku saabsan isgoysyada semiconductor , waxa uuna helay diodes iftiin leh . Vladimir Vernadsky waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah aasaasayaashii geochemistry , biochemistry , iyo radiogeology . Élie Metchnikoff is known for his groundbreaking research in immunology. Ivan Pavlov is known chiefly for his work in classical conditioning Lev Landau made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. Nikolai Vavilov ayaa si fiican loogu yaqaanay inuu aqoonsaday xarumaha asalka ah ee dhirta la beeray .Trofim Lysenko wuxuu caan ku ahaa Lysenkoism .Saynisyahano badan oo caan ah oo Ruush ah iyo hal-abuurayaal ayaa ahaa émigrés . Igor Sikorsky wuxuu ahaa hormuudka duulista . Vladimir Zworykin wuxuu ahaa hal-abuuraha nidaamka telefishinka iconoscope iyo kinescope . Theodosius Dobzhansky wuxuu ahaa qofka udub dhexaad u ah cilmiga bayoolajiga evolutionary shaqadiisa ee qaabaynta isku dhafka casriga ah . George Gamow wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah u doodayaasha ugu horreeya ee aragtida Big Bang ===Sahminta hawada sare=== [[File:Mir_on_12_June_1998edit1.jpg|thumb|Mir , Saldhigga hawada sare ee Ruushka oo ka shaqayn jiray LEO]] Roscosmos waa wakaaladda hawada sare ee qaranka Ruushka. Guulaha dalka ee dhanka tignoolajiyada hawada sare iyo sahaminta hawada waxaa dib loogu celin karaa Konstantin Tsiolkovsky , oo ah aabaha astronautics aragtiyeed , kuwaas oo shaqooyinkooda ay dhiiri galiyeen hogaaminta injineerada gantaalada Soofiyeedka, sida Sergey Korolyov , Valentin Glushko , iyo qaar kale oo badan oo gacan ka gaystay guusha barnaamijka hawada Soofiyeedka ee marxaladaha hore ee ka baxsan tartanka : 6–7, 333  Sannadkii 1957-kii, waxa la diray dayax-gacmeedkii ugu horreeyay ee ku wareegaya Dhulka , Sputnik 1 . Sannadkii 1961-kii, safarkii ugu horreeyay ee bini-aadminimo ee hawada sare waxaa si guul leh u sameeyay Yuri Gagarin . Qaar badan oo kale oo ka mid ah diiwaannada sahaminta hawada ee Soofiyeedka iyo Ruushka ayaa dhacay. Sannadkii 1963-kii, Valentina Tereshkova waxay noqotay haweeneydii ugu horreysay iyo tan ugu da'da yar hawada sare , iyadoo duullimaad kaligeed ku tagtay Vostok 6 . Sannadkii 1965, Alexei Leonov wuxuu noqday bini'aadmigii ugu horreeyay ee sameeya socodka hawada sare , isaga oo ka soo baxay kaabsalka hawada sare intii lagu jiray Voskhod 2 . Sannadkii 1957-kii, Laika , oo ah eyga hawada sare ee Soofiyeedka , ayaa noqday xayawaankii ugu horreeyay ee ku wareega dhulka, dushiisa Sputnik 2 . Sannadkii 1966kii, Luna 9 waxa ay noqotay dayax-gacmeedkii ugu horreeyay ee gaadha ku degista badbaadada ee jidhka samada , Dayaxa . Sannadkii 1968-kii, Zond 5 wuxuu keenay Earthlings-kii ugu horreeyay (laba tortoises iyo qaab nololeed oo kale) si ay u wareegaan Dayaxa. Sannadkii 1970-kii, Venera 7 wuxuu noqday dayax-gacmeedkii ugu horreeyay ee ku degay meere kale, Venus . Sannadkii 1971, Mars 3 wuxuu noqday dayax-gacmeedkii ugu horreeyay ee ku degay Mars . : 34-60  Isla muddadaas, Lunokhod 1 waxay noqotay sahaminta hawada sare ee ugu horreysa , halka Salyut 1 ay noqotay saldhigga hawada sare ee ugu horreeya . Laga bilaabo 2023 , Ruushku wuxuu leeyahay 181 dayax-gacmeed firfircoon oo hawada sare ah, kaas oo ah kan saddexaad ee ugu sarreeya adduunka. Intii u dhaxaysay duulimaadkii u dambeeyay ee barnaamijka Shuttle Space ee 2011 iyo 2020 SpaceX hawsheedii ugu horreysay ee shaqaalaheeda , gantaallada Soyuz ayaa ahaa baabuurta kaliya ee soo rididda awood u leh in ay cirbixiyeennada geeyaan ISS .Luna 25 ayaa la bilaabay Agoosto 2023, waxay ahayd tii ugu horreysay ee barnaamijka sahaminta dayaxa Luna-Glob ===Dalxiiska=== [[File:Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg|thumb|Peterhof Palace ee Saint Petersburg, oo ah goobta Dhaxalka Adduunka ee UNESCO]] Dalxiisayaasha ajnabiga ah intooda badan waxay ka yimaadaan Shiinaha. Waddooyinka dalxiiska ee waaweyn ee Ruushka waxaa ka mid ah safar ku wareegsan giraanta dahabiga ah ee Ruushka , marinka mawduuca ee magaalooyinka qadiimiga ah ee Ruushka; safarrada wabiyada waaweyn sida Volga; wuxuu ku socdaa safafka buuraha sida Buuraha Caucasus , iyo safarrada jidka caanka ah ee Trans-Siberian Railway . Goobaha ugu caansan ee Russia waxaa ka mid ah Red Square , Peterhof Palace , Kazan Kremlin , Trinity Lavra ee St. Sergius iyo Lake Baikal. Moscow, oo ah caasimadda guud ee qaranka iyo xudunta taariikhiga ah, waa megacity casri ah oo mashquul badan ; Waxay haysaa qaab dhismeedka qadiimiga ah iyo xilligii Soofiyeedka iyadoo ku faanaysa farshaxan sare, ballet heer caalami ah, iyo dhismayaal casri ah . Saint Petersburg , caasimadda Imperial, waxay caan ku tahay naqshadaha qadiimiga ah, cathedrals, matxafyada iyo tiyaatarada, habeenada cadcad , wabiyada qallafsan iyo kanaalo badan. Ruushku wuxuu caan ku yahay aduunka oo dhan madxafyada hodanka ah, sida Ruushka State Ruush , Hermitage State , iyo Tretyakov Gallery , iyo tiyaatarada sida Bolshoi iyo Mariinsky . Moscow Kremlin iyo Saint Basil's Cathedral waxay ka mid yihiin calaamadaha dhaqameed ee Ruushka. ===Tirakoobka dadweynaha=== [[File:Russia_Population_Density_Map_2021.png|thumb|Cufnaanta dadweynaha ee degmooyinka Ruushka marka loo eego tirakoobka 2021]] [[File:Ethnic_groups_in_Russia_of_more_than_1_million_people_2010_Census_English.png|thumb|Qowmiyadaha Ruushka oo ay ku nool yihiin in ka badan hal milyan marka loo eego tirakoobkii 2010-kii]] Ruushka waxa lagu qiyaasey 146.0 milyan 2025 (143.6 milyan marka laga reebo Crimea iyo Sevastopol), ayaa hoos uga dhacay 147.2 milyan tirakoobkii 2021 . Waa dalka ugu dadka badan Yurub iyo dalka sagaalaad ee ugu dadka badan adduunka. Iyada oo cufnaanta dadweynaha ee 8.5 dadka deggan kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (22 degane / sq mi), Ruushku waa mid ka mid ah waddammada adduunka ugu dadka yar , iyada oo inta badan dadkeedu ay ku urursan yihiin qaybteeda galbeedka . Dalku aad buu u magaaleeyay , iyadoo saddex-meelood laba meel ay ku nool yihiin magaalooyinka . Ilaa 2024 , wadarta heerka bacriminta guud ahaan Ruushka waxaa lagu qiyaasay 1.41 carruur ah oo dhashey haweeneydiiba, taas oo ka hooseysa heerka beddelka 2.1 iyo kuwa ugu hooseeya adduunka . Ka dib, waxay leedahay mid ka mid ah dadka ugu da'da weyn adduunka, oo leh da'da dhexe ee 41.9 sano. Dadka Ruushku waxa ay kor u dhaafeen in ka badan 148 milyan sanadkii 1993-kii, ka dib markii ay hoos u dhaceen heerka dhimashadu oo kor u dhaaftay heerka dhalashada , taas oo falanqeeyayaasha qaar ay ku tilmaameen dhibaato bulsho . Sannadkii 2009, waxay diiwaangelisay kobaca dadweynaha sannadlaha ah markii ugu horreysay shan iyo toban sano, ka dibna waxay la kulantay kobaca dadweynaha sannadlaha ah sababtoo ah heerarka dhimashada oo hoos u dhacay , heerarka dhalashada oo kordhay , iyo socdaalka oo kordhay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, faa'iidooyinka dadwaynaha ayaa dib loo rogay tan iyo 2020, maadaama dhimashada xad dhaafka ah ee COVID-19 ay sababtay hoos u dhaca nabadeed ee ugu weyn taariikhda. Ka dib duulaankii Ruushka ee Ukrain ee 2022 , dhibaatada tirakoobka ayaa sii korodhay, taas oo ay sabab u tahay dhimashada sare ee militariga [ 505 ] iyo dib u soo cusboonaysiinta socdaalka . Daraasadihii ugu dambeeyay waxay muujiyeen in inta u dhaxaysa 15-45% muhaajiriinta Ruushku ay ku noqdeen Ruushka, inkastoo tirooyinkani aysan ahayn kuwo dhammaystiran. Ruushku waa dawlad caalami ah oo leh maamulo hoosaadyo badan oo xiriir la leh beelaha laga tirada badan yahay ee kala duwan. Waxaa jira in ka badan 193 qoomiyadood oo dalka oo dhan ah . Tirakoobkii 2010, ku dhawaad ​​81% dadku waxay ahaayeen qowmiyada Ruushka , 19% soo hadhayna waxay ahaayeen qowmiyado laga tiro badan yahay. In ka badan afar-meelood afar ka mid ah dadka Ruushku waxay ka soo jeedaan Yurub - kuwaas oo badidoodu ahaayeen Slavs , oo leh tiro aad u tiro badan oo Finno-Ugric ah iyo dadyowga Jarmalka . Ruushka waxa uu leeyahay dadka soogalootiga ah ee saddexaad ee ugu badan adduunka, iyada oo in ka badan 12 milyan oo muhaajiriin ah ay deggan yihiin waddanka illaa 2019 . Inta badan dadka soo galootiga ah waxay ka soo jeedaan dawladihii ka dambeeyay Soviet-ka , iyadoo kala bar ay ka yimaadeen Ukraine iyo Kazakhstan ilaa 2020 ===Luuqad=== '''Luqadaha laga tirada badan yahay ee Ruushka oo dhan''' [[File:Linguistic_map_of_the_Altaic,_Turkic_and_Uralic_languages_(en).png|thumb|Luuqadaha Altaic iyo Uralic ee lagaga hadlo guud ahaan Ruushka]] [[File:Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg|thumb|Luuqadaha Altaic iyo Uralic ee lagaga hadlo guud ahaan Ruushka]] [[File:Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg|thumb|Waqooyiga Caucasus waa qawmiyad - luqad ahaan kala duwan]] Ruushku waa luqadda rasmiga ah iyo luqadda inta badan lagaga hadlo Ruushka. Waa luqadda hooyo ee loogu hadlo Yurub, luqadda ugu badan ee juquraafi ahaan ee Eurasia, iyo sidoo kale luqadda Slavic ee ugu ballaaran adduunka . Ruushku waa mid ka mid ah labada luuqadood ee rasmiga ah ee saaran saldhiga hawada sare ee caalamiga ah , iyo sidoo kale mid ka mid ah lixda luuqadood ee rasmiga ah ee Qaramada Midoobay . Ruushku waa waddan ku hadla luqado badan : qiyaastii 100-150 luqadood oo laga tirada badan yahay ayaa lagaga hadlaa dalka oo dhan. Marka loo eego Tirakoobka Ruushka ee 2010 , 137.5 milyan oo dalka oo dhan ayaa ku hadla afka Ruushka, 3.1 milyan waxay ku hadlaan Tataarka , 1.1 milyan waxay ku hadlaan Yukreeniyaan . Dastuurku waxa uu siinayaa jamhuuriyadaha dalka gaar ka ah xaqa ay u leeyihiin in ay samaystaan ​​luuqado dawladeed oo u gaar ah marka laga reebo Ruushka, sidoo kale waxa uu dammaanad qaadayaa muwaadiniintooda xaqa ay u leeyihiin in ay ilaashadaan afkooda hooyo iyo in ay u abuuraan shuruudo ay ku bartaan iyo horumarkooda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khubaro kala duwan ayaa ku andacoodey in kala duwanaanta luqadda Ruushku ay si degdeg ah hoos ugu dhacday sababtoo ah luuqado badan oo halis ah ===Diinta=== [[File:День Святой Троицы. Престольный праздник.jpg|thumb|Axadda Trinity ee Ruushka; Kaniisada Ortodokska ee ruushka waxa ay soo martay dib u soo noolayn aad u wayn tan iyo burburkii Midowgii Soofiyeeti , oo ahaa wadan lahaa siyaasad dawladeed oo cawaan ah .]] Ruushku dastuur ahaan waa dawlad cilmaani ah oo si rasmi ah u ilaalisa xorriyadda diinta. Diinta ugu weyn waa diinta Masiixiga ee Eastern Ortodokska , oo ay ugu weyn tahay Kaniisadda Ortodokska ee Ruushka , kaas oo si sharci ah loogu aqoonsan yahay "doorka gaarka ah" ee dalka "taariikhda iyo samaynta iyo horumarinta ruuxa iyo dhaqanka." Masiixiyadda , Islaamka , Yuhuudda , iyo Budhiismka waxa sharciga Ruushku u aqoonsan yahay diimaha "dhaqameed" ee dalka oo ka kooban "dhaxalka taariikhiga ah". Islaamku waa diinta labaad ee ugu weyn Ruushka waxayna dhaqan u tahay inta badan dadyowga ku nool Waqooyiga Caucasus iyo qaar ka mid ah dadyowga Turkiga ee ku nool gobolka Volga-Ural . Dad badan oo Buddhist ah ayaa laga helaa Kalmykia , Buryatia , Zabaykalsky Krai , waana dadka ugu badan ee ku nool Tuva .  Dadka dayacan waxay ku dhaqmaan diimaha kale - sida Rodnovery (Slavic Neopaganism), Assianism (Scythian Neopaganism),  qowmiyadaha kale ee Paganisms, iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada u dhexeeya Pagan sida Ringing Cedars ' Anastasianism , ee Siberianism .iyo Tengrism , dhaqdhaqaaqyo Neo-Theosophical kala duwan sida Roerichism - oo ka mid ah diimaha kale.  Qaar ka mid ah diimaha laga tirada badan yahay ayaa la kulmay cadaadis qaarna waa laga mamnuucay dalka: gaar ahaan, 2017 Markhaatiyaasha Yehowah ayaa laga mamnuucay Ruushka, iyagoo wajahaya cadaadis tan iyo markaas, ka dib markii lagu dhawaaqay "xagjir" iyo "aan caadi ahayn" iimaan.  Sannadkii 2012, ururka cilmi-baarista Sreda, oo kaashanaya Wasaaradda Cadaaladda , ayaa daabacay Arena Atlas, oo ku xiran tirakoobka 2010, oo si faahfaahsan u tiraya dadka diinta iyo jinsiyadaha ee Ruushka, oo ku salaysan sahan ballaaran oo waddanka oo dhan ah. Natiijooyinka ayaa muujiyay in 47.3% Ruushku ay ku dhawaaqeen inay yihiin Masiixiyiin - oo ay ku jiraan 41% Ruushka Ortodokska, 1.5% si fudud Ortodoks ama xubnaha kaniisadaha Ortodokska ee aan Ruushka ahayn, 4.1% Masiixiyiin aan xiriir la lahayn, iyo in ka yar 1% rumaystayaasha hore , Catholics ama Protestants - 25% waxay ahaayeen rumaystayaal aan xiriir la lahayn diin gaar ah , 13% waxay ahaayeen Muslimiin , 13% waxay ahaayeen k . 1.2% waxay ahaayeen kuwa raacsan "diimaha dhaqameed ee ixtiraamaya ilaahyada iyo awoowayaasha" ( Rodnovery , Paganisms kale, Shamanism Siberian iyo Tengrism ), 0.5% waxay ahaayeen Buddhist, 0.1% waxay ahaayeen Yuhuud diimeed iyo 0.1% waxay ahaayeen Hindus. ===Waxbarashada=== [[File:МГУ, вид с воздуха.jpg|thumb|Moscow State University , machadyada waxbarashada ugu caansan ee Russia]] Moscow State University , machadyada waxbarashada ugu caansan ee Russia Ruushku waxa uu leeyahay heerka wax-akhriska dadka waaweyn ee 100%, waxana uu leeyahay waxbarasho khasab ah muddo 11 sano ah, gaar ahaan carruurta da'doodu tahay 7 ilaa 17-18. Waxay siisa waxbarasho bilaash ah muwaadiniinteeda dastuur ahaan. Wasaaradda Waxbarashada ee Ruushka ayaa mas'uul ka ah waxbarashada aasaasiga ah iyo dugsiga sare, iyo sidoo kale waxbarashada farsamada gacanta, halka Wasaaradda Waxbarashada iyo Sayniska ee Ruushka ay mas'uul ka tahay sayniska iyo tacliinta sare. Mas'uuliyiinta gobolku waxay nidaamiyaan waxbarashada gudaha xukunkooda iyadoo la raacayo qaabka jira ee sharciyada federaalka. Russia waxa ay ka mid tahay wadamada aduunka ugu aqoonta badan,waxana uu leeyahay qaybta lixaad ee ugu saraysa ee ka qalin jabiyay heerka jaamacadeed marka la eego boqolkiiba dadka,iyada oo 62%. Nidaamka waxbarashada dugsiga ka hor ee Ruushka waa mid aad u horumarsan oo ikhtiyaari ah, qaar ka mid ah shan-meelood afar meel carruurta ay da'doodu u dhaxayso 3 ilaa 6 waxay dhigtaan xannaano-maalmeedyo ama xannaanooyin. Dugsiga hoose waa qasab kow iyo toban sano, laga bilaabo da'da 6 ilaa 7, oo u horseedaya shahaadada waxbarashada guud ee aasaasiga ah. Laba ama saddex sano oo dheeraad ah oo dugsi ayaa looga baahan yahay shahaadada heerka labaad, iyo qaar ka mid ah toddoba-meeloodba siddeed ee Ruushku waxay sii wataan waxbarashadooda oo dhaaftay heerkan. Gelitaanka machadka tacliinta sare waa doorasho iyo tartan aad u sarreeya: koorsooyinka heerka koowaad waxay caadi ahaan qaataan shan sano. Jaamacadaha ugu da'da weyn iyo kuwa ugu waaweyn Russia waa Jaamacadda Gobolka Moscow iyo Jaamacadda Gobolka Saint Petersburg .Waxaa jira toban jaamacadood oo heer federaal ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. ===Caafimaadka=== Ruushku dastuur ahaan wuxuu dammaanad qaadayaa daryeel caafimaad oo bilaash ah, oo caalami ah dhammaan muwaadiniinta Ruushka iyada oo loo marayo barnaamijka caymiska caafimaadka dawladda ee khasabka ah. Wasaaradda Caafimaadka ee Federaalka Ruushka waxay kormeertaa nidaamka daryeelka caafimaadka dadweynaha ee Ruushka, qaybtana waxaa ka shaqeeya in ka badan laba milyan oo qof. Gobollada federaalku sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin waaxyo caafimaad oo u gaar ah oo kormeera maamulka deegaanka. Qorshe caymis caafimaad oo gaar ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo helo daryeel caafimaad oo gaar ah gudaha Ruushka. [[File:Metallurg_Sochi.jpg|thumb|Metallurg, sanatorium xilligii Soofiyeedka ee Sochi]] Ruushka ayaa 7.39% GDP-giisa ku kharash gareeyay daryeelka caafimaadka 2021. Kharashkeeda daryeelka caafimaadku aad ayuu uga hooseeyaa waddamada kale ee horumaray. Ruushku waxa uu leeyahay mid ka mid ah saamiga ugu jinsiga badan ee dumarka adduunka , iyada oo 0.859 lab ah dhedig kasta, sababtoo ah heerka dhimashada ragga ee sarreeya . Laga soo bilaabo 2022 , rajada nolosha guud ee Russia markay dhalatay waa 73 sano (68 sano ragga iyo 78 sano dumarka), korodhka qiyaastii 4.86 sano laga bilaabo 2000. Wadanku wuxuu leeyahay heer aad u hooseeya (40 dhalashada dhalashada 0 ). Sababaha ugu waaweyn ee dhimashada Russia waa cudurrada wadnaha iyo xididdada dhiigga . Heerka isticmaalka khamriga taariikhiga ah ee waddanku waa arrinta ugu weyn ee caafimaadka, maadaama ay weli tahay mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu sarreeya adduunka , inkastoo hoos u dhac weyn uu ku yimid tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay. Arrimaha kale ee caafimaad ee baahsan waa cayilka , dadka waaweyn intooda badan waa cayil ama cayil , iyo sigaar cabista , taas oo ka mid ah kuwa ugu sarreeya adduunka Heerka isdilka sare ee Ruushka ayaa sidoo kale ah arrin bulsho oo muhiim ah. ==Dhaqanka== [[File:Moscow-Bolshoi-Theare-1.jpg|thumb|Tiyaatarka Bolshoi ee Moscow, habeenkii]] Dhaqanka Ruushku waxa uu ka tarjumayaa isku-dhafka dheer, tartiib-tartiib ah, iyo isku-dhafan ee walxo kala duwan oo ku beegan qarniyo badan oo horumarineed, ballaarin, iyo is-dhexgalka dadyo kala duwan, dhaqdhaqaaqyo farshaxan, iyo dhaqamo. Ruushku wuxuu si weyn u saameeyay muusiga qadiimiga ah , ballet , masraxa, xisaabta , ciyaaraha , rinjiyeynta , iyo cinema Qorayaasha Ruushka iyo faylasuufyada ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaaray horumarinta suugaanta Yurub iyo fikirka. Ruushku waxa kale oo uu gacan ka gaystay saayniska, tignoolajiyada iyo sahaminta hawada sare . Ruushku waxa uu hoy u yahay 32 goobood oo ah Dhaxalka Adduunka ee UNESCO , 21 ka mid ah waa dhaqameed, halka 31 ay ku jiraan liiska hordhaca ah. Qurba-joogta caalamiga ah ee Ruushka ayaa sidoo kale door weyn ka qaatay faafinta dhaqanka Ruushka ee adduunka oo dhan. Astaanta qaranka Ruushka, gorgorka laba-madaxa leh , waxay dib ugu noqotaa xilligii Tsardom waxaana lagu muujiyay jaakaddeeda hubka iyo heraldry . Bear -ka Ruushka iyo Hooyada Ruushka waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa sida shakhsiyadda qaranka ee dalka. Caruusadaha Matryoshka waxaa loo tixgeliyaa astaanta dhaqameed ee Ruushka ===Fasaxyada=== Ruushku waxa uu leeyahay siddeed fasax oo rasmi ah oo ka kooban xusaska dadweynaha, waddaniyadda, iyo diinta. Sannadku wuxuu ka bilaabmaa Maalinta Sannadka Cusub ee 1 Janaayo, ugu dhakhsaha badan waxaa ku xiga Kirismaska ​​Ortodokska ee Ruushka 7da Janaayo; labaduba waa ciidaha ugu caansan dalka. Difaacaha Maalinta Aabbaha , oo u heellan raga, waxaa loo dabaaldegaa 23ka Febraayo. Maalinta Caalamiga ah ee Haweenka ee 8-da Maarso, waxay kasbatay Ruushka xilligii Soofiyeedka. Dabaaldegga sannadlaha ah ee haweenka ayaa noqday mid caan ah, gaar ahaan ragga Ruushka ah, in iibiyeyaasha ubaxa ee Moscow ay inta badan arkaan faa'iidada "shan iyo toban jeer" in ka badan marka loo eego fasaxyada kale. Maalinta Gu'ga iyo Shaqaalaha , asal ahaan fasaxa xilligii Soofiyeedka ee loogu talagalay shaqaalaha, ayaa loo dabaaldegaa 1 May. [[File:Алые паруса.jpg|thumb|Shiraacyada Scarlet oo lagu dabaaldegayo hareeraha Neva ee Saint Petersburg]] Maalinta Guusha , taas oo sharaf u ah guushii Soofiyeedka ee Nazi Germany iyo Dhamaadka Dagaalkii Adduunka II ee Europe , waxaa loo dabaal 9 May sida dhoolatus weyn sannadlaha ah ee Moscow ee Red Square iyo calaamadee dhacdada caanka ah ee guutada Immortal . Ciidaha kale ee waddaniga ah waxaa ka mid ah Maalinta Ruushka ee 12 June, oo loo dabaaldego xuska madaxbannaanida Ruushka ee ka soo horjeeda Midowga Soofiyeeti ee burburay,  iyo Maalinta Midnimada ee 4 November, oo lagu xusayo kacdoonkii 1612 ee calaamadeeyay dhammaadka qabsashadii Polish ee Moscow .  Waxaa jira fasaxyo badan oo caan ah oo aan dadweynaha ahayn. Sannadka cusub ee hore waxa la dabaaldegaa 14ka Janaayo.  Maslenitsa waa fasax qadiimi ah oo caan ah Bariga Slavic. Maalinta Cosmonautics ee 12 Abriil, oo lagu maamuusayo safarkii ugu horreeyay ee aadanaha ee hawada.  Laba ciidood oo Masiixi ah oo waaweyn waa Easter iyo Trinity Sunday  ===Farshaxanka iyo dhismaha=== Rinjiyeynta hore ee Ruushka waxa lagu matalay astaamo iyo frescos firfircoon . Horraantii qarnigii 15-aad, farshaxan-yaqaanka caanka ah ee Andrei Rublev wuxuu abuuray qaar ka mid ah farshaxanka diineed ee ugu qaalisan ee Ruushka. Akadeemiyada Farshaxanka ee Ruushka , oo la aasaasay 1757 si loo tababaro farshaxannada Ruushka, waxay keentay farsamooyinka reer galbeedka ee rinjiyeynta cilmaaniga ah ee Ruushka. Qarnigii 18-aad, aqoonyahannada Ivan Argunov , Dmitry Levitzky , Vladimir Borovikovsky waxay noqdeen kuwo saameyn leh. Horraantii qarnigii 19-aad waxay aragtay sawirro badan oo caan ah Karl Briullov iyo Alexander Ivanov , kuwaas oo labaduba loo yaqaanay sawiro taariikhi ah oo Romantic ah .Ivan Aivazovsky , rinji kale oo Romantic ah, ayaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah sayidyada ugu weyn ee farshaxanka badda . [[File:Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|thumb|Karl Bryullov , Maalinta ugu dambeysa ee Pompeii (1833]] [[File:Winter_Palace_Panorama_3.jpg|thumb|Qasriga Jiilaalka wuxuu u adeegay sidii deggenaansho rasmi ah ee Boqortooyada Ruushka]] 1860-meeyadii, koox ka mid ah xaqiiqooyinka muhiimka ah ( Peredvizhniki ), oo uu hogaaminayay Ivan Kramskoy , Ilya Repin iyo Vasily Perov ayaa jebiyey akadeemiyadda, waxayna ku sawireen dhinacyada badan ee nolosha bulshada ee sawirada. Qarnigii 20aad waxa la arkay kor u kaca calaamadda , oo ay u taagan yihiin Mikhail Vrubel iyo Nicholas Roerich . Avant -garde Ruushku wuxuu kobcay qiyaastii 1890 ilaa 1930; Fannaaniinta adduunka saamaynta ku leh waayahaan waxay ahaayeen El Lissitzky , Kazimir Malevich , Natalia Goncharova , Wassily Kandinsky , iyo Marc Chagall . Taariikhda dhismaha Ruushku wuxuu ka bilaabmaa dhismayaal hore oo alwaax ah oo Slavs qadiimiga ah iyo dhismaha kaniisadda Kievan Rus ' . Masiixaynta Kievan Rus' waxay keentay qarniyo badan dhismaha Byzantine . Ka dib qabsashadii Mongol, Kievan Rus 'ayaa jaray xiriirkii ay la lahayd Boqortooyada Byzantine, iyo naqshadaha Ruushku waxay arkeen hal-abuuro asal ah, sida hal-abuurnimada iconostasis . Aristotle Fioravanti iyo naqshadeeyayaasha kale ee Talyaanigu waxay keeneen isbeddellada Renaissance ee Maamulka Sare ee Moscow , taas oo saameyn ku yeelatay dib u dhiska Kremlin ee Moscow . Qarnigii 16aad wuxuu arkay horumarinta kaniisadaha teendhada u eg iyo naqshadaynta basasha , taas oo ah muuqaal gaar ah oo ka mid ah naqshadaha Ruushka. Qarnigii 17-aad, "qaabka dabka" ee qurxinta ayaa ku soo batay Moscow iyo Yaroslavl , si tartiib tartiib ah u gogol xaareysa Naryshkin baroque ee 1680-meeyadii. Ka dib dib-u-habaynta Peter The Great, naqshadaha Ruushka ayaa saameyn ku yeeshay qaababka Galbeedka Yurub. Dhadhanka qarniga 18-aad ee dhismaha Rococo wuxuu horseeday shaqooyinka Bartolomeo Rastrelli iyo taageerayaashiisa . Dhismayaasha Ruushka ee ugu saameynta badan qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad, Vasily Bazhenov , Matvey Kazakov , iyo Ivan Starov , waxay sameeyeen taallooyin waara oo ku yaal Moscow iyo Saint Petersburg waxayna aasaaseen saldhigyo badan oo Ruush ah oo raacay. Intii lagu jiray xukunka Catherine the Great, Saint Petersburg waxaa loo beddelay matxaf bannaanka ah ee naqshadaha Neoclassical . Under Alexander I, qaabka Boqortooyada wuxuu noqday qaab-dhismeedka dhabta ah . Qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 19-aad waxaa xukumay Neo-Byzantine iyo qaabka Soo noolaynta Ruushka . Horraantii qarnigii 20aad, soo noolaynta neoclassical Ruush waxay noqotay isbeddel. Hababka ugu badan ee qarnigii 20aad ee dabayaaqadii waxay ahaayeen Art Nouveau , Dhismaha , iyo Hantiwadaaga Classicism ===Muusiga=== [[File:Portr%C3%A4t_des_Komponisten_Pjotr_I._Tschaikowski_(1840-1893).jpg|thumb|Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893), rinjiyeynta 1893 ee Nikolai Dmitriyevich Kuznetsov]] Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893), rinjiyeynta 1893 ee Nikolai Dmitriyevich Kuznetsov Ilaa qarnigii 18aad, muusiga Ruushka wuxuu ka koobnaa inta badan muusikada kaniisadda iyo heesaha dhaqanka iyo qoob ka ciyaarka. Qarnigii 19-aad, waxa lagu qeexay xiisadda u dhaxaysa laxamiistaha qadiimiga ah Mikhail Glinka oo ay weheliyaan xubno kale oo ka tirsan The Mighty Handful , kuwaas oo markii dambe ay ku guulaysteen goobada Belyayev , iyo Ururka Muusiga ee Ruushka oo ay hogaaminayaan laxanayaasha Anton iyo Nikolay Rubinstein . Dhaqankii dambe ee Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , mid ka mid ah halabuurayaashii ugu weynaa ee xilligii Romantic, ayaa sii waday ilaa qarnigii 20aad Sergei Rachmaninoff . Halabuurayaashii dunida caanka ka ahaa ee qarnigii 20-aad waxaa ka mid ah Alexander Scriabin , Alexander Glazunov , Igor Stravinsky , Sergei Prokofiev iyo Dmitri Shostakovich , ka dibna Edison Denisov , Sofia Gubaidulina , Georgy Sviridov , iyo Alf . Intii lagu jiray xilligii Soofiyeedka, muusigga caanka ah wuxuu sidoo kale soo saaray tiro caan ah oo caan ah, sida labada balladeers - Vladimir Vysotsky iyo Bulat Okudzhava , iyo jilayaasha sida Alla Pugacheva . Jazz , xitaa iyada oo cunaqabatayn ka timid maamulka Soofiyeedka, ayaa u kobcay oo u xuubsiibtay mid ka mid ah noocyada muusiga ee ugu caansan dalka. Sannadkii 1980-meeyadii, muusiga dhagaxa ayaa caan ka noqday Ruushka oo dhan, wuxuuna soo saaray kooxo ay ka mid yihiin Aria , Aquarium , DDT , iyo Kino ; Hogaamiyihii dambe Viktor Tsoi , wuxuu ahaa gaar ahaan, qof weyn. Muusigga Pop-gu wuxuu ku sii socday inuu ku faafo Ruushka tan iyo 1960-meeyadii, iyada oo la adeegsanayo ficillo caan ah oo caalami ah sida taTu ===Cunto=== [[File:Mint_bread_kvas.jpg|thumb|Kvass waa cabitaan qadiimi ah oo Ruush ah.]] Cunnada Ruushka waxaa sameeyay cimilada kala duwan ee dalka, dhaqanka iyo diinta, iyo juqraafiga ballaaran; waxay la mid tahay dalalka deriska ah. Dalagga galley , qamadiga, shaciir , iyo masago ayaa bixiya maaddooyinka rootiga, canjeelada iyo badarka kala duwan, iyo sidoo kale cabitaano badan. Rooti , ​​noocyo badan oo kala duwan ah, ayaa aad looga jecel yahay Ruushka oo dhan. Maraqa dhadhanka leh iyo maraqa waxaa ka mid ah shchi , borsch , ukha , solyanka , iyo okroshka . Smetana ( labeen dhanaan culus ) iyo majones ayaa inta badan lagu daraa maraq iyo saladh. Pirozhki , blini , iyo syrniki waa canjeelada waddaniga ah . Hilibka lo'da ee Stroganoff , : 266  Chicken Kiev , : 320  pelmeni , iyo shashlyk waa cuntooyin hilib caan ah . Cuntooyinka kale ee hilibka waxaa ka mid ah duub kaabajka cufan ( golubtsy ) oo badanaa laga buuxiyo hilib. Salad waxaa ka mid ah salad Olivier , vinegret , iyo herring labisan . Cabitaanka khamriga qaranka ee Ruushka waa kvass , iyo cabitaanka khamriga qaranka waa vodka ; Wax-soo-saarkeeda Ruushka (iyo meelo kale) waxay soo taxnayd qarnigii 14-aad. Wadanku wuxuu leeyahay isticmaalka vodka ugu sarreeya adduunka, halka biirku uu yahay cabitaanka khamriga ugu caansan. Khamrigu aad ayuu caan uga noqday Ruushka qarnigii 21aad. Shaahu waxa uu caan ka ahaa Ruushka qarniyo badan ===Warbaahinta iyo shineemada=== [[File:2019-07-28-3385-Moscow-Ostankino-Tower.jpg|thumb|Tower Ostankino ee [[Moscow]], qaab dhismeedka xorta ah ee ugu dheer [[Yurub]]]] Waxaa jira 400 oo wakaaladaha wararka ee Ruushka, kuwaas oo ka mid ah kuwa ugu waaweyn ee caalamiga ah ee ka shaqeeya TASS , RIA Novosti , Sputnik , iyo Interfax . Telefishinku waa warbaahinta ugu caansan Ruushka. Waxaa ka mid ah 3,000 idaacadaha shatiga leh ee dalka oo dhan, kuwa caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah Radio Rossii , Vesti FM , Echo of Moscow , Radio Mayak , iyo Russkoye Radio . 16,000 oo ka mid ah wargeysyada diiwaangashan, Argumenty i Fakty , Komsomolskaya Pravda , Rossiyskaya Gazeta , Izvestia , iyo Moskovskij Komsomolets ayaa caan ah. Kanaalka koowaad ee ay dawladdu maamusho iyo Russia-1 ayaa ah kanaalada ugu horreeya ee wararka, halka RT ay tahay astaanta u ah hawlgallada warbaahinta caalamiga ah ee Ruushka. Ruushku waxa uu leeyahay suuqa ciyaaraha fiidyaha ee ugu wayn Yurub, iyada oo in ka badan 65 milyan oo ciyaartoy ay ka joogaan dalka oo dhan. Shaleemada Ruushka iyo ka dib Soofiyeedka waxay ahayd goob aad u kulul oo hal-abuurnimo, taasoo keentay in filimaan caan ka ah dunida sida Battleship Potemkin , kaas oo loo magacaabay filimkii ugu weynaa ee abid soo mara Bandhigga Adduunka ee Brussels ee 1958. Filim-sameeyayaashii Soofiyeeti, gaar ahaan Sergei Eisenstein iyo Andrei Tarkovsky , oo ka mid ah agaasimayaasha ugu caansan adduunka ayaa sii socon doona. Eisenstein waxa uu ahaa arday Lev Kuleshov , kaas oo soo saaray aragtidii mihnadlaha ah ee Soofiyeedka ee tafatirka filimada ee dugsigii filimka ugu horreeyay ee adduunka, Machadka All-Union Institute of Cinematography . Aragtida " Kino-Eye " ee Dziga Vertov waxay saameyn weyn ku yeelatay horumarinta filim-sameynta filimada iyo xaqiiqada shaleemada. Qaar badan oo filimaan ah oo waaqiciga hantiwadaaga Soofiyeedka ayaa si farshaxanimo leh u guulaystay, oo ay ku jiraan Chapaev , Cranes Are Flying , iyo Ballad of a Soldier . 1960-meeyadii iyo 1970-meeyadii ayaa lagu arkay shaleemo Soofiyeedka oo aad u kala duwan oo farshaxanimo ah. Majaajilada Eldar Ryazanov iyo Leonid Gaidai ee wakhtigaas waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad loo jecel yahay, iyada oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah hal-ku-dhigyo weli la isticmaalo maanta. Sannadkii 1961-68 Sergey Bondarchuk wuxuu agaasimay laqabsiga filimka Oscar -ku-guuleystay ee Leo Tolstoy ee dagaalka iyo nabadda , kaas oo ahaa filimka ugu qaalisan ee lagu sameeyo Midowga Soofiyeeti. 1969-kii, Vladimir Motyl 's White Sun of the Desert ayaa la sii daayay, filim aad loo jecel yahay oo ah nooca ostern ; filimka waxaa dhaqan ahaan daawata cosmonauts ka hor safar kasta oo hawada. Kadib burburkii Midowgii Soofiyeeti, warshadaha shineemooyinka Ruushka waxaa soo gaaray khasaare weyn; si kastaba ha ahaatee, laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 2000-meeyadii, waxay aragtay kobac mar kale, wayna sii fidaysaa. ===Ciyaaraha=== Kubadda cagta waa ciyaaraha ugu caansan Ruushka. Xulka kubbadda cagta ee Midowga Soofiyeeti waxay noqdeen horyaalkii ugu horreeyay ee Yurub iyagoo ku guuleystay Euro 1960 waxayna gaareen finalka Euro 1988 . Kooxaha Ruushka ee CSKA Moscow iyo Zenit Saint Petersburg ayaa ku guuleystay UEFA Cup 2005 iyo 2008 . Russia waxay ahayd wadanka marti galinaya koobka Confederations Cup 2017 , iyo 2018 FIFA World Cup . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kooxaha Ruushka ayaa hadda laga ganaaxay tartamada FIFA iyo UEFA. [[File:Maria_Sharapova_(18405201199).jpg|thumb|[[Maria Sharapova]], oo hore u ahaan jirtay ciyaartoyga 1-aad ee tennis-ka adduunka, ayaa ahayd gabadha ugu mushaharka badan adduunka 11 sano oo xidhiidh ah.]] Xeegada barafka ayaa aad caan uga ah Ruushka, kooxda xeegada barafka ee Soofiyeedka ayaa si caalami ah u maamuli jirtay ciyaaraha inta ay jirtay. Bandy waa ciyaaraha qaranka ee Ruushka, taariikh ahaanna waxa ay ahayd dalka ugu guulaha badan ciyaaraha. Xulka kubbadda koleyga Ruushka ayaa ku guuleystay EuroBasket 2007 , iyo kooxda kubbadda koleyga Ruushka ee PBC CSKA Moscow ayaa ka mid ah kooxaha ugu guulaha badan kubbadda koleyga Yurub. Formula One Grand Prix ee sanadlaha ah ee Ruushka ayaa lagu qabtay Sochi Autodrom ee Beerta Olombikada Sochi , ilaa laga soo afjarayo duulaankii Ruushka ee Ukraine 2022. Taariikh ahaan, ciyaartooyda Ruushku waxay ka mid ahaayeen tartamayaasha ugu guulaha badan ciyaaraha Olombikada . Ruushku waa qaranka hogaaminaya jimicsiga laxanka , dabaasha la isku waafajiyay ee Ruushka waxaa loo arkaa inay yihiin kuwa aduunka ugu fiican. Sawirku waa isboorti kale oo caan ka ah Ruushka, gaar ahaan lammaanaha barafka iyo qoob ka ciyaarka barafka . Russia waxa ay soo saartay ciyaartoy badan oo tennis caan ah. Chess sidoo kale waa madadaalo caan ah oo si weyn looga jecel yahay qaranka, iyadoo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ciyaartoyda chess-ka adduunka ugu sarreeya ay ahaayeen Ruush tobaneeyo sano. Ciyaaraha Olombikada Xagaaga ee 1980 ayaa lagu qabtay Moscow, iyo Olombikada Jiilaalka 2014 iyo Ciyaaraha Olombikada Jiilaalka 2014 ayaa lagu qabtay Sochi. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Russia ayaa sidoo kale laga xayuubiyay 43 billadaha Olombikada ee ciyaartoydeeda sababo la xiriira xadgudubyada doping-ka , taas oo ah tan ugu badan waddan kasta, iyo ku dhawaad ​​​​saddex meelood meel wadarta guud ee adduunka ==Xubin== * [[IMF]]_* _-_—_-_—_-_.: * [[Bankiga Aduunka]]_* _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-.: * [[Kooxda Labaatanka]]_* _-_-_-_-_-_-_____-_—_—_-:. * [[Qaramada Midoobay]]_* _-_—___-_-_-___-_-_-_-_-.: == Documentary == * Anatomy ee Putinism (2023) <ref>[https://blog.poltava.to/pustovgar/17788/ Анатомія рашизму | Документальний цикл «Остання війна»]</ref> == Midowga(Etixaadka!)Sofiyetka.== * [[Armania]] * [[Azerbaijan]] * [[Belarus]] * [[Estoniya]] * [[Joorjiya]] * [[Kasakhstan]] * [[Qargistan]] * [[Latfiya]] * [[Lithuaniya]] * [[Moldofa]] * [[Tadsjikistan]] * [[Turkmenistan]] * [[Usbekistan]] * [[Ukraine]] [[Category:Taariikh]] {{commons|Союз Советских Социалистических Республик}} ==Sido Kale fiiri== *[[Soviet Union]] “USSR” Former States.: *{{Flag| Azerbaijan}}: *{{Flag|Kazakhstan}}:. * {{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}}:. *{{Flag|Tajikistan}}:. *{{Flag|Uzbekistan}}:. {{Dalalka Yurub}}.: [[category:ruushka]]. ==Tixraac== [https://www.rferl.org/a/the-disputed-islands-where-world-war-2-never-ended/28402307.html "Jasiiradaha Kurile: Waa maxay sababta Ruushka iyo Japan aysan waligood nabad u samayn Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ka dib"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=gz5MDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA252 Oggolaanshaha iyo xakamaynta goobta shaqada ee awoodda leh: Ruushka iyo Shiinaha marka la barbardhigo] [https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=922,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2023&ey=2030&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 "Daabacaadda Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025 Edition. (Ruushka)"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=fZkrAQAAIAAJ Taariikhda Ruushka Casriga ah: Laga soo bilaabo Tsarism ilaa Qarnigii Labaatanaad, Daabacaadda Saddexaad] [[doi:10.1126/science.aao1807|"Genomes qadiimiga ah waxay muujinayaan dhaqanka bulshada iyo taranka ee hore ee Upper Paleolithic foragers"]] [https://www.science.org/content/article/thousands-horsemen-may-have-swept-bronze-age-europe-transforming-local-population "Kumanaan fardooley ah ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku dhufteen da'da Bronze Europe, taas oo beddeleysa dadka maxalliga ah"] [[doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.03.007|"Falanqaynta isku xigxiga genome-ballaaran ee dadyowga qowmiyadaha ee ku baahsan Ruushka"]] [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Humanities_Research_Association Ururka Cilmi-baarista Bani'aadamnimada Casriga ah] [[doi:10.1017/S0020818300004859|"Boqortooyadu waxay dib u soo celisaa: Kobcinta Bariga Bloc ee Hanti Soofiyeedka ilaa Mas'uuliyadda Soofiyeedka"]] [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-07-mn-1530-story.html "Madax-bannaanida Dalalka Baltic-ka: Xorriyadda: Moscow waxay si rasmi ah u aqoonsan tahay Lithuania, Latvia iyo Estonia, oo soo afjaraysa nus qarniga xakamaynta. Soofiyeedka si ay u bilaabaan wadahadal dhawaan ku saabsan xiriirka cusub ee saddexda waddan"] [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-03-19-mn-494-story.html "Codeynta Gorbachev waxay taageertaa laakiin maaha mid lagu qanci karo: Midowga Soofiyeeti: Qorshihiisa ilaalinta midnimada federaalka waa la taageeray-laakiin sidoo kale Yeltsin waa madaxweynanimada Ruushka"] [https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/26-years-on-russia-set-to-repay-all-soviet-unions-foreign-debt "26 sano ka dib, Ruushku wuxuu qorsheynayaa inuu dib u bixiyo dhammaan deynta dibadda ee Midowga Soofiyeeti"] [https://apnews.com/article/russia-prigozhin-wagner-2c77567908c73e538f9f1c76ae406f8f "Russia says it confirmed Wagner leader Prigozhin died in a plane crash"] [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879366511000133 "Ka baxsan Ruushka, noqosho maxalli ah: Dariiqyada la qabsiga dhicitaankii Midowga Soofiyeeti ee qowmiyadaha Ruushka ee Jamhuuriyadihii hore ee Soofiyeedka"] [https://apnews.com/article/germany-russia-threats-report-rheinmetall-plot-2cee42e9f9f6940eb960b0b052e3e670 "Dilalka Ruushka ee ka dhanka ah kuwa taageeraya Ukraine ayaa lagu kashifay Yurub, sarkaal ayaa yiri"] [https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-worst-violators-religious-freedom-report-iran-turkmenistan/31215737.html "Warbixinta Mareykanka ayaa sheegtay in Ruushku uu ka mid yahay 'kuwii ugu xumaa' ee xorriyadda diinta"] [https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/russian-voters-back-referendum-banning-same-sex-marriage-n1232802 "Codbixiyayaasha Ruushku waxay dib u soo celiyeen afti lagu mamnuucayo guurka dadka isku jinsiga ah"] [https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-recruited-convicts-fierce-assault-units-storm-gladiator-/32806371.html "Gladiator Duufaanta: Sida Ruushku u Isticmaalo Dembiilayaasha la qorto si ay ugala dagaallamaan Unugyada Weerarada Ba'an ee Ukraine"] [http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/208165/1/208165.pdf "Xuquuqda luqadda iyo waxbarashada ee jamhuuriyadda Ruushka: dhinaca midnimada iyada oo loo marayo labbiska"] [https://www.calvertjournal.com/features/show/9981/beyond-the-game-sochi-seaside-walking-guide-soviet-sanatoriums-gardens "Rivieia Ruush: laga bilaabo sanatoriums Soofiyeedka ilaa jardiinooyin qurxoon, hagahaaga socodka ee badda Sochi"] [https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22276736/figure-skating-olympics-winter-2022-lessons "Sawir-barafka ayaa dul saaran baraf khafiif ah. Waa tan sida loo hagaajiyo"] [https://thewest.com.au/sport/tennis/rublev-dominates-second-round-open-match-ng-s-2049116 "Xukunka Ruushka ee Australian Open"] [https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/moscow-1980 "Moscow 1980 Olombikada Xagaaga - Ciyaartoyda, Biladaha & Natiijooyinka"] [https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/sochi-2014 "Sochi 2014 Olombikada Jiilaalka - Ciyaartoyda, Biladaha & Natiijooyinka"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/08/sports/olympics/Wada-Russing-doping.html "Miyaa Ruushka laga tuurayaa Ciyaaraha Olombikada Isniinta] [https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2016/08/19/russian-mastery-in-synchronized-swimming-yields-double-gold/89000222/ "Aqoonsiga Ruushku ku leeyahay dabaasha isku xidhan waxa ay dhalisaa labanlaab dahab ah"] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7577103 "Waa maxay sababta Ruushku u leeyahay heerka dhimashada sare ee wadnaha iyo xididdada dhiigga? Isbarbardhigga biomarkers-ku-saleysan dhiigga ee Norway waxay saameyneysaa dhaawaca wadnaha ee aan ischaemic ahayn"] [https://hir.harvard.edu/washington-must-not-idle-as-russia-tightens-its-abkhazian-stranglehold/ "Xoojinta Ruushka ee Abkhazia waxay halis gelinaysaa danaha reer galbeedka iyo Georgian"] [https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/256753 Russia on the road to dictatorship: Internal political repercussions of the attack on Ukraine] [[doi:10.11610/Connections.14.4.08|"Argagixisadu waxay ku hanjabtay Ruushka iyo tallaabooyinkeeda ka hortagga argagixisada"]] [https://www.science.org/content/article/nomadic-herders-left-strong-genetic-mark-europeans-and-asians "Xoolo-dhaqatada reer guuraaga ahi waxay raad xooggan kaga tageen reer Yurub iyo Aasiyaanka"] mymm11oauk8rzsn7q04o1t8vao01s3x 0 2862 299705 266803 2026-06-27T08:52:52Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 299705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bad template}} {{Medium low article}} '''Tiromaal''' ama '''Xisaab''' ({{lang-en|mathematics}};) waa [[saynis]] iyo cilmi ee lagu barto tirada, ku adeegidda xisaabta, qaabka, iyo hannaanka iyo fallanqaynta waxyaabaha iyo hababka cillanaad ama caadyaal. Tiomaalka ee cillad ah waa cilmigeeda ee la taaban karin iyo guud ee xalinta dhibaatada iyo horumarinta habka. Haddii kale, waxaad u xil karaa sida sayniska ah xiriirka taranta iyo qaab-dhismeedka aan ollogga ah ee dunida dhabta ah. Aan la taaban karin, sababtoo ah waxaa laftiisa laga xoreeyey dhibaatooyin asal gaarka ah iyo guud ahaan in ay tahay dabaqi karo meelo badan. Tusaalooyinka fikradaha xisaabeed waa cod, xogta, qaab-dhismeedka, tirada, meesha iyo xidhiidhkooda. Ama fikradaha sida aan la taaban karin (xisaabta saafi ah) ama codsiyada in nidaamo sayniska sida physics iyo technology (xisaabta codsatay). Iyada oo hay'adaha waxbarasho sayniska ee meel iyo waqti, ma cadda in kaasaa run ah, waayo waxyaabaha ka bartay in xisaabta. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, habab kala duwan oo ka mid ah imtixaanka, waayo, sayniska u muuqdaan in ay u isticmaalaan hababka induction iyo hababka xisaabta ee jaro. Waayo, tan iyo sababo kale oo ku xusan kicisaa xisaabta ontological iyo arrimaha epistemological ka aragti cilmiyeed furay. Arimahaa oo dhan ayaa waxaa ka hadlay in falsafadda ah xisaabta. [[File:Zhujiajiao City God Temple abacus.JPG|thumb|Xisaab]] Tusmada 1. Asalkeeda</br> 2. Taariikhda</br> 2.1 xisaabyahannada</br> 3. Qaabka iyo Eray bixinta</br> 3.1 Tirada</br> 3.2 Hadalka</br> 3.2.1 Dhismaha tirada dabiiciga ah</br> 3.2.2 Qeexidda abyoonayaasha</br> 3.2.3 Dhismaha oo ka mid ah tirooyinka buuxa</br> 3.2.4 Dhismaha tirada dhabta ah</br> 3.3 Rooms</br> 3.4 Sal Xisaabeed</br> 4. Dhigan karo</br> 4.1 Itimaalka iyo Satastigtis</br> 4.2 Xisaabta</br> 4.3 Joometri</br> 4.4 Algebra</br> 4.5 falanqaynta Xisaabeed</br> 4.6 netavisen Xisaabta</br> 5. Calaamadaha iyo habka</br> 5.1 oggolaanshaheeda caddayn</br> 5.2 sharraxaadda</br> 6. Xisaabta Philosophy</br> 7. Applied Xisaabta</br> 7.1 Physics</br> 7.2 Falanqaynta nambarada</br> 8. Tababarka</br> 9. Sidoo kale eeg</br> 10 Ilaha</br> 10.1 qormo</br> 10.2 ilo lagu daabacay</br> 10.3 Quote Original [[File:Mathematics lecture at the Helsinki University of Technology.jpg|thumb|Xisaab]] '''Xisaab''' waa cilmiga wax xisaabinta. Waxaa jira afar xisaab-fal oo kala ah: * ''isku-dar'' (+), * ''ka-jar ama ka-goy''(-), * ''isu-qaybin'' (/) iyo * ''isku dhufasho'' (x). Laba tiro marka laysku daro wixii ka soo baxa waxaa la yiraahdaa ''wadar''. sida * 2+5=7 wadarta 2 iyo 5 waa 7. Laba tiro marka la kala jaro wixii ka soo baxa waxaa la yiraahdaa ''farqi''. sida * 3-1=2 farqiga 3 iyo 1 waa 2. Laba tiro marka laysku dhufto wixii ka soo baxa waxaa la yiraahdaa ''taran''. sida * 2 x 3 = 6. Taranta 2 iyo 3 waa lix. sidoo kale afartaa waxaa dheer iyagoo jajaba marka lagu shaqaynayo * matalan 1/4 +1/4 =1/2 * hadaynu kala goynana waa 1/2 - 1/4 =1/4 * haddii aan isku dhufanana waa 1/2 * 1/2 =1/4 * haddii aan isku qaybinana waa 1/2 / 1/2 =1 Isticmaalka ama dabbakhida xisaabta dhiraandhirinta (Derivative) Xisaabtan looyaaqaano dhiraandhirinta ama afka qalaad loogu yeedho “derivative” waa qaybta asalka u ah labada qaybood ee ay ‘Caculus’tu u qeybsanto, taas oo leh faaiidooyin ama isticmaal farobadan oo xal u ah weydiimooyin xisaabeed oo faro badan. Hadaba si ay u fududaato isticmaalka dhiraandhirintu aynu soo qaadano tusaalooyin faro badan oo ku saabsan xisaabtan aadka muhiimka u ah. '''Tusaale 1:-''' Warshada kaaluunka samaysa ee laasqorey ayaa doonaysa inay sameyso kartoono(baakado) lagu keydiyo kaluunka ay qasacadeyso. waxayna warshadu go’aan ku gaadhey in kartoon kasta oo ka mida kartoomadaa uu yeesho sal labo jibaaran islamarkaana wadarta bed-duleedka kartoon kasta uu noqdo 192 mitir oo labojibaaran, sida ka muuqata jaantuska hoose. Muxuu noqonayaa kartooka dhalinaya mugga ugu weyn dhinacyadiisu(dimensions) [[File:Parallelepipede.png|thumb|left|Kartoon]] '''Xalin''':- Sababtoo ah kartoonka oo leh sal labo-jibaaran, muggiisa waxaa lagu helaa * (sal x sal x jog) ama Mug (V) = x.x.h = x2. h, Sidoo kale wadarta bed-duleed (Surface area,)(S) waxaa lagu heli karaa bedka salka + bed-deleedka ama * S = x2 + 4xh . * S = 192 * x2 + 4xh = 192 * 4xh = 192 – x2 (dhinac walba ka goo x2) * h = (192 – x2)/4x (dhinac walba 4x u qeybi) * V = x2h * » V = x2(192 – x2)/4x (booska h dhig qiimaheda) * = x2(192/4x – x2/4x ) * = 192x/4 – x3/4 = = 48x – x3/4 Imika isticamaal dhiraandhirinta (derivative) si aad u heshid dhinacyada kartoonka ee dhalinaya mugga ugu weyn. Horaadka (D) muuqda (feasible domain) ee ay X noqon karto , ee waliba macnaha sameenaya weydiintan * waa :- 0 ≤ x ≤ √192 * V = 48x – x3/4 * dV/dx = 48 – 3x2/4 * dV/dx = 0 = 48 – 3x2/4 = 0 * 3x2 = 192 * x2 = 192/3 = x2 = 64 * X = ± √64 › X = ± 8 * -8 kamid maaha horaadka muuqda ee X, sidaa ajligeed X = 8 . * jooga kartoonkuna waa :- h = (192 – x2)/4x = (192 – 82)/32 = 4 Sidaa daraadeed dhinacyada kartoonku waa in ay noqdaan * 8 x 8 x 4 si ay u dhaliyaan mugga ugu weyn kaasoo ah 256m3. Fiiro gaara:- Waxaa jira kartoono sal labo jibaaran leh oo aan tiro (xad) lahayn oo leh wadar bed-duleed(surface area) lamid ah 192 (ie: (42 + 4 x 4 x 11), ama (52 + 5 x 2 x 16.7), iwm) balse dhamaan dhinacyada kartomadaasi ma dhalinayaan muga ugu weyn. Kan aynu xisaabiney dhinacaydiisa ayaa ah ka kaliya ee samaynaya muga ugu weyn. Halakaas waxaad ka ogaan kartaa faaiidada ay leedahay dabakhida ama isticmaalka dhiraandhirinta(derivative). '''Tusaale 2''' Engineer guryaha dhisa ayaa doonaya inuu nashqadeeyo cabirka daaqadaha guri ku yaala magaalada kismaayo.waxa uuna Engineerku doonayaa in daaqadkasta qeybteeda sare u ekaato nus-goobo (goobo barkeed), qeybta hoosana ahaato leydi sida daaqadaha caadiga ah, sida ka muuqata jaantuska hoose. Muxuu noqoneyaa cabirka hareeraha(dhinacyada) daaqadkasta ee uu Engineerku nashaqadeynayo, dhinacyadaasoo samaynaya bedka ugu weyn ee dariishadaha, haddii wareega guud ee daaqadkasta uu yahay 8m? ''Xal Siin'' * <Wareega guud = 8 * <Wareega nus-goobada = pr / 2 * <Wareega leydiga = x+2y ''Weydiin'' * <!Dhinacyada dhalinaya bedka ugu weyn? * Wwareeg (P) = x + 2y + (px/ 2) * 8 = x + 2y + (p.x / 2) * 16 = 2x + 4y + px (dhinackasta ku dhufo 2) * 4y = 16 – 2x – px (dhinac walba ka jar 2x iyo px) * Y = 4 – x/2 –px/4 * Bed (A) = bedka leydiga + bedka nus-goobada * = x . y + (p. (x/2)^2 )/2 * = x (4 – x/2 –px/4) + p/2(x^2/4) * = 4x – (x^2)/2 –(px^2)/4 + (px^2)/8 * = 4x – x^2/2 – px^2/8 Isticmaal imika habka dhiraandhirinta saad u heshid dhinacyada dariishadkasta kaas oo dhalinaya bedka ugu weyn * A = 4x – x^2/2 – px^2/8 * dA/dx = 4 – x – px/4 * dA/dx = 0 * 4 – x – px/4 = 0 * 4 = x + px/4 * 4 = x(1 + p/4) * 4 = x(4 + p )/4 * X = 16/ (4 + p ) dhiraandhirinta labaad (second derivative) ee bedku waa * (– 1+p/4), kaas oo taban marka X = 16/ (4 + p). Sidaa daraadeed marka dhinacyada dariishad kasta ay kala yihiin: * X = 16/ (4 + p), ( ≈2.24) , Y = 32/ (4 + p), ( ≈ 4.48) ayaa samaynaya bedka ugu weyn ee daaqad kasta. ''layli'' Taranta labo tiro oo tirsiima ayaa ah 180 isla markaana wadarta labada tiro ayaa ah ta ugu yar, Raadi labad tiro? si uu u dhiso cali wado weyn oo u dhexeysa labo magaalo ayaa ay khasab tahay inuu buuxiyo tog u dhexeeya labada magaalo kaasoo dhinacyada janjeedhkiisu kala yihiin 5% iyo 6%. haddii labada dacal ee sare ee togu isu jiraan masaafo dhan 100m Raadi cabirka meesha ugu hooseysa ee toga? &&& ____________________________________ &&& Isle’egyada Isle’egyada waxaa lagu xalin karaa dhowr qaab oo kala duwan . Waxaana ka mid ah qaababkaa: qaabka daboolida, qaabka wareejinta iww. Tusaale 1 qaabka daboolida(cover up method) Xali isle’egta hoos ku qoran gacantaada saar tirada door soomaha wadata, waxaa halkan kaaga cad in tirada aad gacantaada saartay ay lamid tahay 4 taaso marka loo qeybiyo hooseeyaha (4) maxsuulka soo baxaya uu yahay 1. Sidaa daraadeed * 3x = 4 dhinac walba u qeybi 3 X = Tusaale 2 * Xali isle’egta hoose 4x + 5 = 7 + 5 = 7 4x = 2 Xusuus:- Qaabka daboolida marka la isticmaalayo waxaa la daboolayaa (qarinayaa) tirada doorsoomaha wadata mar walba kadibna waxaa la le’ekeysiinayaa tiradan doosoomaha wadata ee la qariyey tirada run kadhigaysa isle’egta lagu siiyay * [[Aljebra]] Tirada set A waa a ururinta isku qodob in la kulmo Zermelo-Fraenkels dhigay aragti. Tusaale ahaan, a ururinta of tiro {1, 2, 3} waa go'an uguna, {1, 2, 3, ...} si kastaba ha ahaatee waa xad la'aan ah dhibcood taasoo ka dhigan tiriyey sii. kala duwan A la'aan content waxaa la odhan jiray set maran. tiro A ka koobnaan karaa dhawr subsets kale. Daraasiin ayaa lagu bartay in aragtida tirada. Functions ka aag, domain ka qaado qiyamka, iyo u yeelaan qiimaha aag oo kala duwan, cadadka qiimaha. Hadalka Xisaabta nidaamka tiro ka kooban tahay iyo kuwo kale ee tirooyinka caadiga ah, abyoonayaasha, tirooyinka buuxa, tirada dhabta ah iyo lambarada adag. Waxaan qaybtan ku siin doonaa soo jeedinta ku saabsan dhismaha tirada dabiiciga ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo axioms Peano. Iyada oo ku saleysan qaab-dhismeedka this, waxaan ku siin doonaa qeexidda ah Silverman abyooneyaasha ah; waxaan isticmaali cadayn ereyga loola jeedaa fikradaha aasaasiga ah oo aan naftooda ku kalsoonaadaan natiijada macquul dheefay. Iyada oo ku saleysan qeexidda abyoonayaasha aan dhiso kartaa tirooyinka buuxa iyada oo la samaynaayo isticmaalka lammaanaha tirooyinka. Dhismaha A ee tirada dhabta ah laga helay shaqo Richard Dedekind oo ay ku jiraan Dhismaha tirada dabiiciga ah Iyada oo tirada N dabiiciga ah, waxaan ula jeednaa qadarka abyoonaha non-negative (0, 1, 2, iwm). Durba annagu waxaannu ku dhisi qarniyo by bilaabo element gaar ah 0. Haddaba, waxaan la wadaajin tirada soo socota ee N 0 + 1, iyo (0 + 1) + 1, iyo wixii la mid ah. Noocan ah fahamka tirada dabiiciga ah waa dareen leh, la moodayay mid aan toos aheyn sababtoo ah + ma aha hawlgal si wanaagsan u qeexan. Ma, in view this, ka arki kartaa in N waa tiro aan la koobi karayn, maxaa yeelay, wax xuja ah in N waa la koobi karayn yihiin kuwa soo socda: ({\ bandhigay qaab \ Alfa} \ Alfa) Ka soo qaad jiro aad N markaas element weyn n + 1 oo ka mid ah n iyo n + 1 waa ka weyn yahay n, n sidaas ma noqon karo tirada ugu badan ee n iyo iyada oo absurdum ad reductio kuma jiraan tiro n ugu weyn. Fiiro gaar ah bayaanka in n + 1 waa ka weyn yahay n, waxaa run ma aha maxaa yeelay, waxaannu aan weli helin wax dareen xisaabeed ah ama "ka yar" "ka weyn". axioms Peano xaliyaan dhibaatooyinka doodan: <nowiki>Nidaamka {\ mathbb bandhigay qaab \ {N}} {\ mathbb {N}}, kuwaas oo xubno aan ugu yeedhaan tirooyinka caadiga ah, waa noocyo kala duwan oo la element gaar ah 0 iyo p function ka N si N sida in soo socda saddex xaaladaha la buuxiyo:</nowiki> <nowiki>{\ Style Display (i) \ qquad s (n) \ neq 0 {\ text {xubno dhan}} n \ in mathbb \ {N}} (n) \ neq 0 {\ text (i) \ qquad s {for dhamaan qaybaha}} n \ ee {\ mathbb {n}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{\ Style Display (ii) \ qquad s (m) = s (n) \ Xaqa Arrow m = n {\ text {ee dhammaan canaasiirta}} m, n \ in mathbb \ {N}} (ii) \ qquad s (m ) = s (n) \ m = n {\ text {dhan}} xubno m Xaqa Arrow, n \ ee {\ mathbb {n}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{\ Display style (iii) qquad \ {\ text {} haddii}} A \ subseteq \ mathbb {N {\ text {iyo}} s (n) \ ee A {\ text {dhan}} n \ in \ mathbb {N} {\ text {waxaa heysta in}} A = \ mathbb {N}} (iii) qquad \ {\ text {haddii}} A \ subseteq {\ mathbb {N}} {\ text {iyo}} s (n) \ ee A {\ text {dhan}} n \ ee {\ mathbb {n}} {\ text {waxaa heysta in}} {A = \ mathbb {n}}</nowiki> <nowiki>comments Qaar ka mid ah, waayo, tiro kasta oo dabiici ah n, waxaannu nidhaahnaa, s (n) waa bedelka iyo waxaan u qeexaan s eego "la taaban karo" by teeb {\ style bandhigay, s (n) = n + 1} s (n) = N + 1. Sababtoo ah waxaan rabnaa in aan hadalka oo dhan N waa non-xun, ma aha adag tahay in la arko in (i) waa shuruud macquul ah. Ku saabsan (ii): Ka soo qaad in looga baahan yahay in aan la kulmay. ka dibna waxaan jeclaan lahaa s (n) = s (m) {\ style bandhigay, s (n) = s (m) \ Xaqa + 1 = m + 1 Arrow n} \ Xaqa Arrow n + 1 = m + 1aad Inta aan hadda ay ogaadaan in aan kala jaro (qaliin ma qeexay on N, waayo, haddii goynta lagu qeexi lahaa noqon lahaa N qadar non-xiran, sida in ay jiraan xubno ku N sida in howlgal binary codsatay iyaga, taasoo keentay in element ah n ma innheåller tusaale:. 0-1 = -1 ma aha n) iyo n = m, si haddii m waa ka n kala duwan, waxaan leenahay natiijo xisaabeed oo aan waafaqsan / dhaqameed / xisaabta guud heerarka dareen. Sidaas awgeed waa macquul in (ii) khusaysaa. (Iii) aynu u qayshanno induction xisaabta. A ka koobnaan kartaa noocyo kala duwan oo guryaha P (n) sabab u ah hadalka dabiiciga ah aad N. Haddii hantida, mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan bayaanka, P (n) in P (n + 1) N oo dhammow, waxaannu nidhaahnaa, P (n) haya ee dhammaan n iyo qori kartaa {\ style bandhigay A = \ {n \ in mathbb \ {} n | P (n) \} = \ mathbb {n}} A = \ {n \ ee {\ mathbb { n}} | P (n) \} = {\ mathbb {n}} (set A la akhriyey: set ee tirooyinka caadiga ah n kaas oo P (n) khuseysaa). induction The keenaysaa in dhibaatooyin falsafada badan waxaa ka mid ah si fiican u yaqaan by David Hume.</nowiki> Iyadoo sal ka axioms Peano, aan qeexo waxaa dheer iyo isku dhufashada. Isku geynta: m element The, n in N, waxaan leenahay in m + n waxaa laga codsadaa n jeer s in s (m). Si kooban: {\ style bandhigay m + n = p ^ {n} (m)} m + n = p ^ {n} (m). Sida aan u fuliyaan hab this, nidhaahno n ku dar in m. Nidaamka waxaa loo yaqaan intaa dheer. Sidaas darteed, + howlgal si wanaagsan u qeexan binary. Isku dhufashada: m * n helay dhismaha g shaqo oo khuseysaa jeer SL ah, ka dibna codsan jeer GN at 0. kooban: {\ style bandhigay cdot m \ n = (s ^ m {}) ^ {N} (0)} m cdot \ n = (s ^ m {}) ^ {n} (0). Marka aan u oofiyo Aragti itimaalka doonaya in lagu qeexo oo barato daydo xisaabeed ee ifafaale random laga eego teori. Statistics waa aagga doonaya in ay abuuraan hababka, mabaadiida, shuruudaha, iwm si uu ugala hadlo xogta ka ifafaale random ama xogta laga tijaabo iyo u fiirsiga xaqiiqada ka. Aqoonta iyo aragtiyaha aragti itimaalka waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si loo qorsheeyo hababka sida, mabaadii'da iyo shuruudaha, taas oo muujinaysa in aragtida ixtimaalka iyo tirakoobka aragtida ah kuwa aad ula xiriira. Daydo loo isticmaalo in cilmiga badan tacliinta, kuwaas oo inta badan deterministic. Taas macnaheedu waa in la siiyo tiro ka mid ah qiimaha bilowga yaqaan, waxaan saadaalin karaa dhacdo mustaqbalka. [[Isaac Newton]] muujisay in qaynuunnadiisa of mooshin waa deterministic maxaa yeelay, way saadaalin karaa waqtiga ay qaadato in Earth uu u sameeyo mid ka mid ah kacaankii agagaarka qorraxda. In itimaalka aragti bartay ifafaale random, taas oo natiijada mustaqbalka aan si sax ah loo saadaalin karo, sidaas darteed, ma wada hadleen daydo deterministic aan loogu yeero daydo probabilistic. Tusaale ahaan, lacagta qadaadiicda gana ugub ah random, inkasta oo aan aqoon buuxda oo ku saabsan design qadaadiic ah sida waa symmetric, annagu kala ma saadaalin karo, taas oo ay dhacdo in ay noqon doonto madaxdii ama dabo. Halkii model ah deterministic u baahan probabilistic ah. Farqiga u khuseeya dhexeeya aragtida ixtimaalka iyo tirakoobka aragti waa in aragtida ixtimaalka ayaa (a) la siiyo model random iyo isku day ka this saadaaliyo natiijada tijaabo random, halka aragti tirakoobka yahay mid kasoo horjeeda, oo waannu (b) natiijada tijaabo ah random oo aad rabto inaad kala tilmaamaan model dahsoon random. biochemist A isticmaali kartaa hababka tirakoobka si ay u horumariyaan daawo in yareeyaa madax xanuun. daawo la eego dadka kala duwan ee kala duwanaan doonaa inta u dhaxaysa dadka ka dhigan tahay in ay la kulmaan isbedel aad u kala duwan in madax ay. Falanqaynta A tirakoobka ee xogta laga sida tijaabo ah jawaabi kartaa inta gargaarka laga fili karo celcelis ahaan. * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20030522/Math-Is-for-Everyone/ Math Is for Everyone] [[Category:Xisaab| ]] sdi49722oq0ic3qw3xghshd0z3vkl8e 0 3026 299492 299487 2026-06-26T12:08:26Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka */ Fixed grammar 299492 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo Austria u dhashay iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Schiklgruber, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray Yuhuudda, dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii Versailles. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo Japan. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, Mussolini oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Poland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] rdf3jfjxjfiw3qtefam96hwk7jupqrn 299493 299492 2026-06-26T12:09:14Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Weerar lagu qaaday Boland */ 299493 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo Austria u dhashay iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Schiklgruber, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray Yuhuudda, dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii Versailles. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo Japan. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, Mussolini oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] 49hjn3pfymyig9idymp02t8mqyyd28c 299498 299493 2026-06-26T12:18:49Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka */ Fixed grammar 299498 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo Austria u dhashay iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Schiklgruber, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray Yuhuudda, dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii Versailles. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo Japan. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, Mussolini oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, Joseph Stalin wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska Agoosto 25, 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, Jarmalka wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, Sebtembar 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga Boland =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] erc6zwu7c1ufmgsrf0a70buf0m0qu7k 299499 299498 2026-06-26T12:20:18Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 299499 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo Austria u dhashay iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray Yuhuudda, dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii Versailles. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo Japan. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, Mussolini oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, Joseph Stalin wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska Agoosto 25, 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, Jarmalka wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, Sebtembar 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga Boland =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] jxpyosatgpmfuhyildtboe24sr09vxw 299503 299499 2026-06-26T12:26:03Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad */ Fixed grammar 299503 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo Austria u dhashay iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray Yuhuudda, dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii Versailles. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, Mussolini oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, Joseph Stalin wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska Agoosto 25, 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, Jarmalka wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, Sebtembar 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga Boland =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] 6zdym4vm8jlzejgfdkl3l1b53usio01 299653 299503 2026-06-27T05:55:18Z Videoiib7 46243 299653 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray Yuhuudda, dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii Versailles. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, Mussolini oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, Joseph Stalin wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska Agoosto 25, 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, Jarmalka wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, Sebtembar 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga Boland =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] bh0lpyj66byy0hu2ax9fquwq045qh1p 299654 299653 2026-06-27T05:59:06Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka */ Fixed grammar 299654 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii Versailles. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, Mussolini oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, Joseph Stalin wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska Agoosto 25, 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, Jarmalka wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, Sebtembar 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga Boland =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] m1tpbmsdqw6leprkt1yf7enmd4sy4ki 299655 299654 2026-06-27T06:02:49Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Weerar lagu qaaday Boland */ Fixed grammar 299655 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii Versailles. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, Mussolini oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, [[Joseph Stalin]] wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska [[Agoosto]] [[25]], 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, [[Jarmalka]] wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, [[Sebtembar]] 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga [[Boland]] =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] oukqre1tlvvdmf372v2l6v6yf0v6jif 299656 299655 2026-06-27T06:10:16Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka */ Fixed grammar 299656 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii Versailles. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, Mussolini oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, [[Joseph Stalin]] wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska [[Agoosto]] [[25]], 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, [[Jarmalka]] wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, [[Sebtembar]] 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga [[Boland]] ===Buugga ''Halgankayga''=== [[File:Minha_Luta_-_Mein_Kampf_-_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Waa Buugtii ee Halgankayga (Jarmal ahaan: Mein Kampf)]] Halgankayga (Jarmalka: Mein Kampf) waa buug uu qoray Adolf Hitler. Waxa uu isku daraa qaybo ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka iyo sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan aragtiyaha Nazi-ga ee Hitler. Mugga koowaad waxaa la daabacay 1925-kii, kan labaadna 1926-kii. Waxaa tafatiray Bernhard Stempfel, kaasoo la dilay [[habeenkii Mindiyaha Dheer]]. =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] a61amitb330zzzfgh1inm6ul2fwkp00 299657 299656 2026-06-27T06:11:31Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Heshiiska Muniik 1938 */ Fixed typo 299657 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii Versailles. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, [[Mussolini]] oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, [[Joseph Stalin]] wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska [[Agoosto]] [[25]], 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, [[Jarmalka]] wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, [[Sebtembar]] 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga [[Boland]] ===Buugga ''Halgankayga''=== [[File:Minha_Luta_-_Mein_Kampf_-_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Waa Buugtii ee Halgankayga (Jarmal ahaan: Mein Kampf)]] Halgankayga (Jarmalka: Mein Kampf) waa buug uu qoray Adolf Hitler. Waxa uu isku daraa qaybo ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka iyo sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan aragtiyaha Nazi-ga ee Hitler. Mugga koowaad waxaa la daabacay 1925-kii, kan labaadna 1926-kii. Waxaa tafatiray Bernhard Stempfel, kaasoo la dilay [[habeenkii Mindiyaha Dheer]]. =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] r5ry1ky7azgz6tzwdidjr1yv619gx7b 299658 299657 2026-06-27T06:12:18Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka */ Fixed grammar 299658 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha [[Benito Mussolini]]]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii Versailles. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, [[Mussolini]] oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, [[Joseph Stalin]] wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska [[Agoosto]] [[25]], 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, [[Jarmalka]] wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, [[Sebtembar]] 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga [[Boland]] ===Buugga ''Halgankayga''=== [[File:Minha_Luta_-_Mein_Kampf_-_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Waa Buugtii ee Halgankayga (Jarmal ahaan: Mein Kampf)]] Halgankayga (Jarmalka: Mein Kampf) waa buug uu qoray Adolf Hitler. Waxa uu isku daraa qaybo ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka iyo sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan aragtiyaha Nazi-ga ee Hitler. Mugga koowaad waxaa la daabacay 1925-kii, kan labaadna 1926-kii. Waxaa tafatiray Bernhard Stempfel, kaasoo la dilay [[habeenkii Mindiyaha Dheer]]. =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] t7d7tdkglt0534ndnvxhbfdgytrmhc1 299659 299658 2026-06-27T06:13:26Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka */ Fixed grammar 299659 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha [[Benito Mussolini]]]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, [[Mussolini]] oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, [[Joseph Stalin]] wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska [[Agoosto]] [[25]], 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, [[Jarmalka]] wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, [[Sebtembar]] 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga [[Boland]] ===Buugga ''Halgankayga''=== [[File:Minha_Luta_-_Mein_Kampf_-_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Waa Buugtii ee Halgankayga (Jarmal ahaan: Mein Kampf)]] Halgankayga (Jarmalka: Mein Kampf) waa buug uu qoray Adolf Hitler. Waxa uu isku daraa qaybo ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka iyo sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan aragtiyaha Nazi-ga ee Hitler. Mugga koowaad waxaa la daabacay 1925-kii, kan labaadna 1926-kii. Waxaa tafatiray Bernhard Stempfel, kaasoo la dilay [[habeenkii Mindiyaha Dheer]]. =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] qsaynouan0dt2d76rllodwiu2yhd9iz 299660 299659 2026-06-27T06:22:32Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka */ Fixed grammar 299660 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha [[Benito Mussolini]]]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, [[Mussolini]] oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, [[Joseph Stalin]] wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska [[Agoosto]] [[25]], 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, [[Jarmalka]] wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, [[Sebtembar]] 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga [[Boland]] ===Buugga ''Halgankayga''=== [[File:Minha_Luta_-_Mein_Kampf_-_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Waa Buugtii ee Halgankayga (Jarmal ahaan: Mein Kampf)]] Halgankayga (Jarmalka: Mein Kampf) waa buug uu qoray Adolf Hitler. Waxa uu isku daraa qaybo ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka iyo sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan aragtiyaha Nazi-ga ee Hitler. Mugga koowaad waxaa la daabacay 1925-kii, kan labaadna 1926-kii. Waxaa tafatiray Bernhard Stempfel, kaasoo la dilay [[habeenkii Mindiyaha Dheer]]. "[[Boland]]uma muuqan doonto sidii ay uga muuqatay Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]; tani waa hadalkii Nazi iyo [[Ruushka]] sidoo kale." [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0922-500,_Reichstag,_Begrüßung_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Hitler oo salaamaya "Naasiga" bartamihii 1939 ka dib markii uu qabsaday Boland]] =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] 5mpotq8hgeq3e07z0exc501dq3ftz9v 299661 299660 2026-06-27T06:23:08Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Buugga Halgankayga */ Fixed grammar 299661 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha [[Benito Mussolini]]]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, [[Mussolini]] oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, [[Joseph Stalin]] wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska [[Agoosto]] [[25]], 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, [[Jarmalka]] wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, [[Sebtembar]] 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga [[Boland]] ===Buugga ''Halgankayga''=== [[File:Minha_Luta_-_Mein_Kampf_-_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Waa Buugtii ee Halgankayga (Jarmal ahaan: Mein Kampf)]] Halgankayga (Jarmalka: Mein Kampf) waa buug uu qoray Adolf Hitler. Waxa uu isku daraa qaybo ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka iyo sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan aragtiyaha Nazi-ga ee Hitler. Mugga koowaad waxaa la daabacay 1925-kii, kan labaadna 1926-kii. Waxaa tafatiray Bernhard Stempfel, kaasoo la dilay [[habeenkii Mindiyaha Dheer]]. "[[Boland]] uma muuqan doonto sidii ay uga muuqatay Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]; tani waa hadalkii Nazi iyo [[Ruushka]] sidoo kale." [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0922-500,_Reichstag,_Begrüßung_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Hitler oo salaamaya "Naasiga" bartamihii 1939 ka dib markii uu qabsaday Boland]] =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] ij4j7b75fjxxq3nwjp0m2qyftzjyiel 299662 299661 2026-06-27T06:24:01Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Buugga Halgankayga */ Fixed grammar 299662 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha [[Benito Mussolini]]]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, [[Mussolini]] oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, [[Joseph Stalin]] wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska [[Agoosto]] [[25]], 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, [[Jarmalka]] wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, [[Sebtembar]] 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga [[Boland]] ===Buugga ''Halgankayga''=== [[File:Minha_Luta_-_Mein_Kampf_-_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Waa Buugtii ee Halgankayga (Jarmal ahaan: Mein Kampf)]] Halgankayga ([[Af Jarmal]]: Mein Kampf) waa buug uu qoray Adolf Hitler. Waxa uu isku daraa qaybo ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka iyo sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan aragtiyaha Nazi-ga ee Hitler. Mugga koowaad waxaa la daabacay 1925-kii, kan labaadna 1926-kii. Waxaa tafatiray Bernhard Stempfel, kaasoo la dilay [[habeenkii Mindiyaha Dheer]]. "[[Boland]] uma muuqan doonto sidii ay uga muuqatay Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]; tani waa hadalkii Nazi iyo [[Ruushka]] sidoo kale." [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0922-500,_Reichstag,_Begrüßung_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Hitler oo salaamaya "Naasiga" bartamihii 1939 ka dib markii uu qabsaday Boland]] =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] egip5lt7qedggtlxw1etflpnrezdkvd 299663 299662 2026-06-27T06:40:37Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Buugga Halgankayga */ Fixed grammar 299663 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha [[Benito Mussolini]]]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, [[Mussolini]] oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, [[Joseph Stalin]] wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska [[Agoosto]] [[25]], 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, [[Jarmalka]] wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, [[Sebtembar]] 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga [[Boland]] ===Buugga ''Halgankayga''=== [[File:Minha_Luta_-_Mein_Kampf_-_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Waa Buugtii ee Halgankayga (Jarmal ahaan: Mein Kampf)]] Halgankayga ([[Af Jarmal]]: Mein Kampf) waa buug uu qoray Adolf Hitler. Waxa uu isku daraa qaybo ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka iyo sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan aragtiyaha Nazi-ga ee Hitler. Mugga koowaad waxaa la daabacay 1925-kii, kan labaadna 1926-kii. Waxaa tafatiray Bernhard Stempfel, kaasoo la dilay [[habeenkii Mindiyaha Dheer]]. "[[Boland]] uma muuqan doonto sidii ay uga muuqatay Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]; tani waa hadalkii Nazi iyo [[Ruushka]] sidoo kale." Hitler buugiisa "Halgankayga". [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0922-500,_Reichstag,_Begrüßung_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Hitler oo salaamaya "Naasiga" bartamihii 1939 ka dib markii uu qabsaday Boland]] =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] q6k6jiauu5w5zi9zjscnig17yte90py 299664 299663 2026-06-27T06:48:11Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka */ Fixed grammar 299664 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha [[Benito Mussolini]]]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, [[Mussolini]] oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, [[Joseph Stalin]] wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska [[Agoosto]] [[25]], 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, [[Jarmalka]] wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, [[Sebtembar]] 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga [[Boland]] ===Buugga ''Halgankayga''=== [[File:Minha_Luta_-_Mein_Kampf_-_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Waa Buugtii ee Halgankayga (Jarmal ahaan: Mein Kampf)]] Halgankayga ([[Af Jarmal]]: Mein Kampf) waa buug uu qoray Adolf Hitler. Waxa uu isku daraa qaybo ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka iyo sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan aragtiyaha Nazi-ga ee Hitler. Mugga koowaad waxaa la daabacay 1925-kii, kan labaadna 1926-kii. Waxaa tafatiray Bernhard Stempfel, kaasoo la dilay [[habeenkii Mindiyaha Dheer]]. "[[Boland]] uma muuqan doonto sidii ay uga muuqatay Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]; tani waa hadalkii Nazi iyo [[Ruushka]] sidoo kale." Hitler buugiisa "Halgankayga". [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0922-500,_Reichstag,_Begrüßung_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Hitler oo salaamaya "Naasiga" bartamihii 1939 ka dib markii uu qabsaday Boland]] ===Weerar lagu qaaday E'fransiiska=== Weerarkii Jarmalka wuxuu bilaabmay [[Maajo]] [[10]], 1940, iyadoo baarashuut lagu soo dejiyay [[Holland]] iyo [[Beljim]]. Dejintan waxaa sameeyay Qaybta 7aad ee Cirka oo ay hoos yimaadaan Kurt Student iyo Qaybta 22aad ee Lugta oo ay hoos yimaadaan Sponeck, oo ay taageerayaan Ciidanka Cirka ee 2aad ee hoos yimaada Albert Kesselring. In kasta oo ay si degdeg ah u weerareen Isbahaysiga, haddana Jarmalka ayaa gacanta sare helay, Maajo 14, Nederlandays-na way is dhiibeen. Dhanka kale, kooxda Rundstedt waxay bilaabeen inay ka gudbaan Kaynta Ardennes una gudbaan Wabiga Meuse. Waxay si guul leh u dhammeeyeen hawlgalkooda, iyagoo si wax ku ool ah u kala saaray ciidamada Isbahaysiga. [[Faransiiska]] (oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Charles de Gaulle]]) waxay isku dayeen weerar rogaal celis ah [[Maajo]] 17 iyo 19, halka Ingiriisku ay bilaabeen weerar rogaal celis ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xulafada ayaa ku guuldareystay inay dib u ururiyaan ciidamadooda. Maajo 20, ciidamada Guderian waxay gaareen Noyelles oo ku taal xeebta, sidaas darteedna waxay dhammaystireen kala-soocidda ciidamada Isbahaysiga. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Faransiiska Paul Renaud wuxuu isku dayay inuu badbaadiyo xaaladda sii xumaanaysa. 17-kii Maajo, wuxuu la xiriiray Taliye Maxime Weygand (oo ku sugnaa [[Suuriya]]) wuxuuna u magacaabay Taliyaha Guud ee Ciidamada Isbahaysiga beddelkii Gamelin. Weygand wuxuu yimid [[Maajo]] [[19]], laakiin ma uusan haysan ul sixir ah oo uu xaaladda ku beddelo. =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] 3bbkiwswsadffria0luozy6nc2w49gf 299665 299664 2026-06-27T06:56:21Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka */ Fixed grammar 299665 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha [[Benito Mussolini]]]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, [[Mussolini]] oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, [[Joseph Stalin]] wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska [[Agoosto]] [[25]], 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, [[Jarmalka]] wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, [[Sebtembar]] 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga [[Boland]] ===Buugga ''Halgankayga''=== [[File:Minha_Luta_-_Mein_Kampf_-_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Waa Buugtii ee Halgankayga (Jarmal ahaan: Mein Kampf)]] Halgankayga ([[Af Jarmal]]: Mein Kampf) waa buug uu qoray Adolf Hitler. Waxa uu isku daraa qaybo ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka iyo sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan aragtiyaha Nazi-ga ee Hitler. Mugga koowaad waxaa la daabacay 1925-kii, kan labaadna 1926-kii. Waxaa tafatiray Bernhard Stempfel, kaasoo la dilay [[habeenkii Mindiyaha Dheer]]. "[[Boland]] uma muuqan doonto sidii ay uga muuqatay Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]; tani waa hadalkii Nazi iyo [[Ruushka]] sidoo kale." Hitler buugiisa "Halgankayga". [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0922-500,_Reichstag,_Begrüßung_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Hitler oo salaamaya "Naasiga" bartamihii 1939 ka dib markii uu qabsaday Boland]] ===Weerar lagu qaaday E'fransiiska=== Weerarkii Jarmalka wuxuu bilaabmay [[Maajo]] [[10]], 1940, iyadoo baarashuut lagu soo dejiyay [[Holland]] iyo [[Beljim]]. Dejintan waxaa sameeyay Qaybta 7aad ee Cirka oo ay hoos yimaadaan Kurt Student iyo Qaybta 22aad ee Lugta oo ay hoos yimaadaan Sponeck, oo ay taageerayaan Ciidanka Cirka ee 2aad ee hoos yimaada Albert Kesselring. In kasta oo ay si degdeg ah u weerareen Isbahaysiga, haddana Jarmalka ayaa gacanta sare helay, Maajo 14, Nederlandays-na way is dhiibeen. Dhanka kale, kooxda Rundstedt waxay bilaabeen inay ka gudbaan Kaynta Ardennes una gudbaan Wabiga Meuse. Waxay si guul leh u dhammeeyeen hawlgalkooda, iyagoo si wax ku ool ah u kala saaray ciidamada Isbahaysiga. [[Faransiiska]] (oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Charles de Gaulle]]) waxay isku dayeen weerar rogaal celis ah [[Maajo]] 17 iyo 19, halka Ingiriisku ay bilaabeen weerar rogaal celis ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xulafada ayaa ku guuldareystay inay dib u ururiyaan ciidamadooda. Maajo 20, ciidamada Guderian waxay gaareen Noyelles oo ku taal xeebta, sidaas darteedna waxay dhammaystireen kala-soocidda ciidamada Isbahaysiga. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Faransiiska Bawl Riinowaad wuxuu isku dayay inuu badbaadiyo xaaladda sii xumaanaysa. 17-kii Maajo, wuxuu la xiriiray Taliye Maxime Weygand (oo ku sugnaa [[Suuriya]]) wuxuuna u magacaabay Taliyaha Guud ee Ciidamada Isbahaysiga beddelkii Gamelin. Weygand wuxuu yimid [[Maajo]] [[19]], laakiin ma uusan haysan ul sixir ah oo uu xaaladda ku beddelo. [[File:Battle_of_france_positional.png|thumb|Qorshaha lagu weerarayo Faransiiska iyadoo la adeegsanayo "weerar hillaac ah"]] Cadaadiska Jarmalka ee saaran ciidamada Isbahaysiga ee ku hareeraysan waqooyiga ayaa sii socday, 28-kii Maajo, reer Beljimka ayaa is dhiibay ka dib markii ay si xooggan isaga caabiyeen. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[Ingiriiska]] Viinstoon Shuurshiil, oo xilka la wareegay 10-kii [[Maajo]], 1940, wuxuu aaminsanaa in xalka ugu fiican uu yahay in ciidamada la daadgureeyo si looga fogaado in la qabto, isagoo ujeedkiisu yahay in ugu badnaan 20,000 oo askari la soo saaro. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xulafadu waxay qabteen raad-raac ka yimid Ciidanka Kooxda A, oo uu hoggaaminayo Rundstedt, iyagoo amray in la joojiyo weerarka. Waxaa jira dood ku saabsan in Hitler ama Rundstedt ay ahaayeen isha amarkan, laakiin waxay Isbahaysiga siisay fursad dahabi ah oo ay ku badbaadin karaan ciidamadooda. [[Juun]] [[4]], waxay ku guuleysteen inay daadgureeyaan in ka badan 338,000 oo askari. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ciidanka Koowaad ee [[Faransiiska]] nasiib uma yeelan, maadaama askartoodu ay ku xayiran yihiin Lille. =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] mqepysf9f23b4lrssbbcjqew9dhg2i1 299666 299665 2026-06-27T07:04:58Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka */ Fixed typo 299666 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha [[Benito Mussolini]]]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, [[Mussolini]] oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, [[Joseph Stalin]] wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska [[Agoosto]] [[25]], 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, [[Jarmalka]] wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, [[Sebtembar]] 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga [[Boland]] ===Buugga ''Halgankayga''=== [[File:Minha_Luta_-_Mein_Kampf_-_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Waa Buugtii ee Halgankayga (Jarmal ahaan: Mein Kampf)]] Halgankayga ([[Af Jarmal]]: Mein Kampf) waa buug uu qoray Adolf Hitler. Waxa uu isku daraa qaybo ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka iyo sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan aragtiyaha Nazi-ga ee Hitler. Mugga koowaad waxaa la daabacay 1925-kii, kan labaadna 1926-kii. Waxaa tafatiray Bernhard Stempfel, kaasoo la dilay [[habeenkii Mindiyaha Dheer]]. "[[Boland]] uma muuqan doonto sidii ay uga muuqatay Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]; tani waa hadalkii Nazi iyo [[Ruushka]] sidoo kale." Hitler buugiisa "Halgankayga". [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0922-500,_Reichstag,_Begrüßung_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Hitler oo salaamaya "Naasiga" bartamihii 1939 ka dib markii uu qabsaday Boland]] ===Weerar lagu qaaday E'fransiiska=== Weerarkii Jarmalka wuxuu bilaabmay [[Maajo]] [[10]], 1940, iyadoo baarashuut lagu soo dejiyay [[Holland]] iyo [[Beljim]]. Dejintan waxaa sameeyay Qaybta 7aad ee Cirka oo ay hoos yimaadaan Kurt Student iyo Qaybta 22aad ee Lugta oo ay hoos yimaadaan Sponeck, oo ay taageerayaan Ciidanka Cirka ee 2aad ee hoos yimaada Albert Kesselring. In kasta oo ay si degdeg ah u weerareen Isbahaysiga, haddana Jarmalka ayaa gacanta sare helay, Maajo 14, Nederlandays-na way is dhiibeen. Dhanka kale, kooxda Rundstedt waxay bilaabeen inay ka gudbaan Kaynta Ardennes una gudbaan Wabiga Meuse. Waxay si guul leh u dhammeeyeen hawlgalkooda, iyagoo si wax ku ool ah u kala saaray ciidamada Isbahaysiga. [[Faransiiska]] (oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Charles de Gaulle]]) waxay isku dayeen weerar rogaal celis ah [[Maajo]] 17 iyo 19, halka Ingiriisku ay bilaabeen weerar rogaal celis ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xulafada ayaa ku guuldareystay inay dib u ururiyaan ciidamadooda. Maajo 20, ciidamada Guderian waxay gaareen Noyelles oo ku taal xeebta, sidaas darteedna waxay dhammaystireen kala-soocidda ciidamada Isbahaysiga. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Faransiiska Bawl Riinowaad wuxuu isku dayay inuu badbaadiyo xaaladda sii xumaanaysa. 17-kii Maajo, wuxuu la xiriiray Taliye Maxime Weygand (oo ku sugnaa [[Suuriya]]) wuxuuna u magacaabay Taliyaha Guud ee Ciidamada Isbahaysiga beddelkii Gamelin. Weygand wuxuu yimid [[Maajo]] [[19]], laakiin ma uusan haysan ul sixir ah oo uu xaaladda ku beddelo. [[File:Battle_of_france_positional.png|thumb|Qorshaha lagu weerarayo Faransiiska iyadoo la adeegsanayo "weerar hillaac ah"]] Cadaadiska Jarmalka ee saaran ciidamada Isbahaysiga ee ku hareeraysan waqooyiga ayaa sii socday, 28-kii Maajo, reer Beljimka ayaa is dhiibay ka dib markii ay si xooggan isaga caabiyeen. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[Ingiriiska]] Viinstoon Shuurshiil, oo xilka la wareegay 10-kii [[Maajo]], 1940, wuxuu aaminsanaa in xalka ugu fiican uu yahay in ciidamada la daadgureeyo si looga fogaado in la qabto, isagoo ujeedkiisu yahay in ugu badnaan 20,000 oo askari la soo saaro. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xulafadu waxay qabteen raad-raac ka yimid Ciidanka Kooxda A, oo uu hoggaaminayo Rundstedt, iyagoo amray in la joojiyo weerarka. Waxaa jira dood ku saabsan in Hitler ama Rundstedt ay ahaayeen isha amarkan, laakiin waxay Isbahaysiga siisay fursad dahabi ah oo ay ku badbaadin karaan ciidamadooda. [[Juun]] [[4]], waxay ku guuleysteen inay daadgureeyaan in ka badan 338,000 oo askari. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ciidanka Koowaad ee [[Faransiiska]] nasiib uma yeelan, maadaama askartoodu ay ku xayiran yihiin Lille. [[File:Dunkirk_1940_HU1137.jpg|thumb|Daadgureynta Dunkirk sanadkii 1940]] ===U baxso Dunkirk=== Maalintii ugu horreysay, 7,669 oo askari oo ka tirsan Isbahaysiga ayaa la daadgureeyay, laakiin dhammaadkii maalintii siddeedaad, 338,226 ayaa la badbaadiyay iyadoo si degdeg ah loo soo abaabulay oo ka kooban in ka badan 800 oo markab. Askar badan ayaa awooday inay raacaan 39 diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Boqortooyada, afar diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Boqortooyada Kanada, ugu yaraan saddex diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Faransiiska, iyo maraakiib ganacsi oo rayid ah oo kala duwan iyagoo maraya biyaha ka soo galaya dekedda. Kuwa kale waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay ka baxaan xeebaha oo ay saacado badan ku sugaan biyaha garbaha. Qaarkood waxaa maraakiibta waaweyn u wareejiyay waxa loogu yeero Dunkirk Littleships, oo ah diyaarad yar oo boqolaal maraakiib ganacsi ah, doonyo kalluumeysi, doonyo raaxo leh, doonyo, iyo doonyo badbaado ah oo laga soo diray [[Ingiriiska]]. IAF waxay lumisay 68,000 oo askari intii lagu jiray ololihii [[Faransiiska]] waxaana lagu qasbay inay ka tagaan ku dhawaad dhammaan taangiyadooda, gawaaridooda, iyo qalabkooda. Khudbaddiisii Juun 4, Shuurshiil wuxuu sidoo kale xasuusiyay dalka, isagoo leh, "Waa inaan aad uga taxaddarnaa inaan tayada guusha ku tilmaamno samatabbixintan. Dagaallada laguma guuleysto daadgureynta." =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] 0g1m9g8kk5ztdog3kvzmuw0tpz0n3oi 299667 299666 2026-06-27T07:14:03Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka */ Fixed typo 299667 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha [[Benito Mussolini]]]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, [[Mussolini]] oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, [[Joseph Stalin]] wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska [[Agoosto]] [[25]], 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, [[Jarmalka]] wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, [[Sebtembar]] 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga [[Boland]] ===Buugga ''Halgankayga''=== [[File:Minha_Luta_-_Mein_Kampf_-_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Waa Buugtii ee Halgankayga (Jarmal ahaan: Mein Kampf)]] Halgankayga ([[Af Jarmal]]: Mein Kampf) waa buug uu qoray Adolf Hitler. Waxa uu isku daraa qaybo ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka iyo sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan aragtiyaha Nazi-ga ee Hitler. Mugga koowaad waxaa la daabacay 1925-kii, kan labaadna 1926-kii. Waxaa tafatiray Bernhard Stempfel, kaasoo la dilay [[habeenkii Mindiyaha Dheer]]. "[[Boland]] uma muuqan doonto sidii ay uga muuqatay Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]; tani waa hadalkii Nazi iyo [[Ruushka]] sidoo kale." Hitler buugiisa "Halgankayga". [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0922-500,_Reichstag,_Begrüßung_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Hitler oo salaamaya "Naasiga" bartamihii 1939 ka dib markii uu qabsaday Boland]] ===Weerar lagu qaaday E'fransiiska=== Weerarkii Jarmalka wuxuu bilaabmay [[Maajo]] [[10]], 1940, iyadoo baarashuut lagu soo dejiyay [[Holland]] iyo [[Beljim]]. Dejintan waxaa sameeyay Qaybta 7aad ee Cirka oo ay hoos yimaadaan Kurt Student iyo Qaybta 22aad ee Lugta oo ay hoos yimaadaan Sponeck, oo ay taageerayaan Ciidanka Cirka ee 2aad ee hoos yimaada Albert Kesselring. In kasta oo ay si degdeg ah u weerareen Isbahaysiga, haddana Jarmalka ayaa gacanta sare helay, Maajo 14, Nederlandays-na way is dhiibeen. Dhanka kale, kooxda Rundstedt waxay bilaabeen inay ka gudbaan Kaynta Ardennes una gudbaan Wabiga Meuse. Waxay si guul leh u dhammeeyeen hawlgalkooda, iyagoo si wax ku ool ah u kala saaray ciidamada Isbahaysiga. [[Faransiiska]] (oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Charles de Gaulle]]) waxay isku dayeen weerar rogaal celis ah [[Maajo]] 17 iyo 19, halka Ingiriisku ay bilaabeen weerar rogaal celis ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xulafada ayaa ku guuldareystay inay dib u ururiyaan ciidamadooda. Maajo 20, ciidamada Guderian waxay gaareen Noyelles oo ku taal xeebta, sidaas darteedna waxay dhammaystireen kala-soocidda ciidamada Isbahaysiga. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Faransiiska Bawl Riinowaad wuxuu isku dayay inuu badbaadiyo xaaladda sii xumaanaysa. 17-kii Maajo, wuxuu la xiriiray Taliye Maxime Weygand (oo ku sugnaa [[Suuriya]]) wuxuuna u magacaabay Taliyaha Guud ee Ciidamada Isbahaysiga beddelkii Gamelin. Weygand wuxuu yimid [[Maajo]] [[19]], laakiin ma uusan haysan ul sixir ah oo uu xaaladda ku beddelo. [[File:Battle_of_france_positional.png|thumb|Qorshaha lagu weerarayo Faransiiska iyadoo la adeegsanayo "weerar hillaac ah"]] Cadaadiska Jarmalka ee saaran ciidamada Isbahaysiga ee ku hareeraysan waqooyiga ayaa sii socday, 28-kii Maajo, reer Beljimka ayaa is dhiibay ka dib markii ay si xooggan isaga caabiyeen. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[Ingiriiska]] Viinstoon Shuurshiil, oo xilka la wareegay 10-kii [[Maajo]], 1940, wuxuu aaminsanaa in xalka ugu fiican uu yahay in ciidamada la daadgureeyo si looga fogaado in la qabto, isagoo ujeedkiisu yahay in ugu badnaan 20,000 oo askari la soo saaro. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xulafadu waxay qabteen raad-raac ka yimid Ciidanka Kooxda A, oo uu hoggaaminayo Rundstedt, iyagoo amray in la joojiyo weerarka. Waxaa jira dood ku saabsan in Hitler ama Rundstedt ay ahaayeen isha amarkan, laakiin waxay Isbahaysiga siisay fursad dahabi ah oo ay ku badbaadin karaan ciidamadooda. [[Juun]] [[4]], waxay ku guuleysteen inay daadgureeyaan in ka badan 338,000 oo askari. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ciidanka Koowaad ee [[Faransiiska]] nasiib uma yeelan, maadaama askartoodu ay ku xayiran yihiin Lille. [[File:Dunkirk_1940_HU1137.jpg|thumb|Daadgureynta Dunkirk sanadkii 1940]] [[File:Winston_Churchill_during_the_General_Election_Campaign_in_1945_HU55965.jpg|thumb|Viinstoon Shuurshiil ayuu yiri ka dib markii ay u baxsadeen Dunkirk : Waligeen is dhiibi mayno !]] ===U baxso Dunkirk=== Maalintii ugu horreysay, 7,669 oo askari oo ka tirsan Isbahaysiga ayaa la daadgureeyay, laakiin dhammaadkii maalintii siddeedaad, 338,226 ayaa la badbaadiyay iyadoo si degdeg ah loo soo abaabulay oo ka kooban in ka badan 800 oo markab. Askar badan ayaa awooday inay raacaan 39 diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Boqortooyada, afar diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Boqortooyada Kanada, ugu yaraan saddex diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Faransiiska, iyo maraakiib ganacsi oo rayid ah oo kala duwan iyagoo maraya biyaha ka soo galaya dekedda. Kuwa kale waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay ka baxaan xeebaha oo ay saacado badan ku sugaan biyaha garbaha. Qaarkood waxaa maraakiibta waaweyn u wareejiyay waxa loogu yeero Dunkirk Littleships, oo ah diyaarad yar oo boqolaal maraakiib ganacsi ah, doonyo kalluumeysi, doonyo raaxo leh, doonyo, iyo doonyo badbaado ah oo laga soo diray [[Ingiriiska]]. IAF waxay lumisay 68,000 oo askari intii lagu jiray ololihii [[Faransiiska]] waxaana lagu qasbay inay ka tagaan ku dhawaad dhammaan taangiyadooda, gawaaridooda, iyo qalabkooda. Khudbaddiisii Juun 4, Shuurshiil wuxuu sidoo kale xasuusiyay dalka, isagoo leh, "Waa inaan aad uga taxaddarnaa inaan tayada guusha ku tilmaamno samatabbixintan. Dagaallada laguma guuleysto daadgureynta." =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] ee192vqq8uigccxnvhp1tpm5fkt878h 299668 299667 2026-06-27T07:23:55Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka */ Fixed grammar 299668 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha [[Benito Mussolini]]]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, [[Mussolini]] oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, [[Joseph Stalin]] wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska [[Agoosto]] [[25]], 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, [[Jarmalka]] wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, [[Sebtembar]] 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga [[Boland]] ===Buugga ''Halgankayga''=== [[File:Minha_Luta_-_Mein_Kampf_-_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Waa Buugtii ee Halgankayga (Jarmal ahaan: Mein Kampf)]] Halgankayga ([[Af Jarmal]]: Mein Kampf) waa buug uu qoray Adolf Hitler. Waxa uu isku daraa qaybo ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka iyo sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan aragtiyaha Nazi-ga ee Hitler. Mugga koowaad waxaa la daabacay 1925-kii, kan labaadna 1926-kii. Waxaa tafatiray Bernhard Stempfel, kaasoo la dilay [[habeenkii Mindiyaha Dheer]]. "[[Boland]] uma muuqan doonto sidii ay uga muuqatay Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]; tani waa hadalkii Nazi iyo [[Ruushka]] sidoo kale." Hitler buugiisa "Halgankayga". [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0922-500,_Reichstag,_Begrüßung_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Hitler oo salaamaya "Naasiga" bartamihii 1939 ka dib markii uu qabsaday Boland]] ===Weerar lagu qaaday E'fransiiska=== Weerarkii Jarmalka wuxuu bilaabmay [[Maajo]] [[10]], 1940, iyadoo baarashuut lagu soo dejiyay [[Holland]] iyo [[Beljim]]. Dejintan waxaa sameeyay Qaybta 7aad ee Cirka oo ay hoos yimaadaan Kurt Student iyo Qaybta 22aad ee Lugta oo ay hoos yimaadaan Sponeck, oo ay taageerayaan Ciidanka Cirka ee 2aad ee hoos yimaada Albert Kesselring. In kasta oo ay si degdeg ah u weerareen Isbahaysiga, haddana Jarmalka ayaa gacanta sare helay, Maajo 14, Nederlandays-na way is dhiibeen. Dhanka kale, kooxda Rundstedt waxay bilaabeen inay ka gudbaan Kaynta Ardennes una gudbaan Wabiga Meuse. Waxay si guul leh u dhammeeyeen hawlgalkooda, iyagoo si wax ku ool ah u kala saaray ciidamada Isbahaysiga. [[Faransiiska]] (oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Charles de Gaulle]]) waxay isku dayeen weerar rogaal celis ah [[Maajo]] 17 iyo 19, halka Ingiriisku ay bilaabeen weerar rogaal celis ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xulafada ayaa ku guuldareystay inay dib u ururiyaan ciidamadooda. Maajo 20, ciidamada Guderian waxay gaareen Noyelles oo ku taal xeebta, sidaas darteedna waxay dhammaystireen kala-soocidda ciidamada Isbahaysiga. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Faransiiska Bawl Riinowaad wuxuu isku dayay inuu badbaadiyo xaaladda sii xumaanaysa. 17-kii Maajo, wuxuu la xiriiray Taliye Maxime Weygand (oo ku sugnaa [[Suuriya]]) wuxuuna u magacaabay Taliyaha Guud ee Ciidamada Isbahaysiga beddelkii Gamelin. Weygand wuxuu yimid [[Maajo]] [[19]], laakiin ma uusan haysan ul sixir ah oo uu xaaladda ku beddelo. [[File:Battle_of_france_positional.png|thumb|Qorshaha lagu weerarayo Faransiiska iyadoo la adeegsanayo "weerar hillaac ah"]] Cadaadiska Jarmalka ee saaran ciidamada Isbahaysiga ee ku hareeraysan waqooyiga ayaa sii socday, 28-kii Maajo, reer Beljimka ayaa is dhiibay ka dib markii ay si xooggan isaga caabiyeen. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[Ingiriiska]] Viinstoon Shuurshiil, oo xilka la wareegay 10-kii [[Maajo]], 1940, wuxuu aaminsanaa in xalka ugu fiican uu yahay in ciidamada la daadgureeyo si looga fogaado in la qabto, isagoo ujeedkiisu yahay in ugu badnaan 20,000 oo askari la soo saaro. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xulafadu waxay qabteen raad-raac ka yimid Ciidanka Kooxda A, oo uu hoggaaminayo Rundstedt, iyagoo amray in la joojiyo weerarka. Waxaa jira dood ku saabsan in Hitler ama Rundstedt ay ahaayeen isha amarkan, laakiin waxay Isbahaysiga siisay fursad dahabi ah oo ay ku badbaadin karaan ciidamadooda. [[Juun]] [[4]], waxay ku guuleysteen inay daadgureeyaan in ka badan 338,000 oo askari. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ciidanka Koowaad ee [[Faransiiska]] nasiib uma yeelan, maadaama askartoodu ay ku xayiran yihiin Lille. [[File:Dunkirk_1940_HU1137.jpg|thumb|Daadgureynta Dunkirk sanadkii 1940]] [[File:Winston_Churchill_during_the_General_Election_Campaign_in_1945_HU55965.jpg|thumb|Viinstoon Shuurshiil ayuu yiri ka dib markii ay u baxsadeen Dunkirk : Waligeen is dhiibi mayno !]] ===U baxso Dunkirk=== Maalintii ugu horreysay, 7,669 oo askari oo ka tirsan Isbahaysiga ayaa la daadgureeyay, laakiin dhammaadkii maalintii siddeedaad, 338,226 ayaa la badbaadiyay iyadoo si degdeg ah loo soo abaabulay oo ka kooban in ka badan 800 oo markab. Askar badan ayaa awooday inay raacaan 39 diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Boqortooyada, afar diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Boqortooyada Kanada, ugu yaraan saddex diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Faransiiska, iyo maraakiib ganacsi oo rayid ah oo kala duwan iyagoo maraya biyaha ka soo galaya dekedda. Kuwa kale waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay ka baxaan xeebaha oo ay saacado badan ku sugaan biyaha garbaha. Qaarkood waxaa maraakiibta waaweyn u wareejiyay waxa loogu yeero Dunkirk Littleships, oo ah diyaarad yar oo boqolaal maraakiib ganacsi ah, doonyo kalluumeysi, doonyo raaxo leh, doonyo, iyo doonyo badbaado ah oo laga soo diray [[Ingiriiska]]. IAF waxay lumisay 68,000 oo askari intii lagu jiray ololihii [[Faransiiska]] waxaana lagu qasbay inay ka tagaan ku dhawaad dhammaan taangiyadooda, gawaaridooda, iyo qalabkooda. Khudbaddiisii Juun 4, Shuurshiil wuxuu sidoo kale xasuusiyay dalka, isagoo leh, "Waa inaan aad uga taxaddarnaa inaan tayada guusha ku tilmaamno samatabbixintan. Dagaallada laguma guuleysto daadgureynta." ===Wadada loo maro Baaris=== [[File:Hitler,_Speer_y_Breker_en_París,_23_de_junio_de_1940.jpg|thumb|Hitler Iyo Munaaradda Effiel Sannadkii 1940-kii]] Isagoo matalaya, wuxuu dagaal ku dhawaaqay [[Ingiriiska]] iyo [[Faransiiska]] Juun 10, haddana ciidankiisu ma aysan gaarin guulo muhiim ah. 14kii Juun, Jarmalka waxay galeen Baaris. Iska caabinta Faransiiska ma sii socon intaas ka dib. [[Ra'iisul Wasaare]] Riinwaad ayaa iscasilay [[Juun]] [[16]], waxaana ku xigay Jeneraal caan ah Viilhbee Biitaan, oo ahaa geesigii Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka. Dowladdiisu waxay heshiiska hubka la saxiixatay [[Juun]] [[22]] kaynta kompiegiine, isla meeshii Jarmalku ku saxiixay heshiiska hubka sannadkii 1918. [[Juun]] [[24]], waxay heshiis hub la saxiixdeen Talyaaniga, dagaalkuna wuu joogsaday waaberigii maalintii xigtay. =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] 1bp1rz9h6zlv8lqbnfuv0iz22yy9sqy 299669 299668 2026-06-27T07:26:26Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Wadada loo maro Baaris */ Fixed grammar 299669 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha [[Benito Mussolini]]]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, [[Mussolini]] oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, [[Joseph Stalin]] wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska [[Agoosto]] [[25]], 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, [[Jarmalka]] wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, [[Sebtembar]] 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga [[Boland]] ===Buugga ''Halgankayga''=== [[File:Minha_Luta_-_Mein_Kampf_-_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Waa Buugtii ee Halgankayga (Jarmal ahaan: Mein Kampf)]] Halgankayga ([[Af Jarmal]]: Mein Kampf) waa buug uu qoray Adolf Hitler. Waxa uu isku daraa qaybo ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka iyo sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan aragtiyaha Nazi-ga ee Hitler. Mugga koowaad waxaa la daabacay 1925-kii, kan labaadna 1926-kii. Waxaa tafatiray Bernhard Stempfel, kaasoo la dilay [[habeenkii Mindiyaha Dheer]]. "[[Boland]] uma muuqan doonto sidii ay uga muuqatay Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]; tani waa hadalkii Nazi iyo [[Ruushka]] sidoo kale." Hitler buugiisa "Halgankayga". [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0922-500,_Reichstag,_Begrüßung_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Hitler oo salaamaya "Naasiga" bartamihii 1939 ka dib markii uu qabsaday Boland]] ===Weerar lagu qaaday E'fransiiska=== Weerarkii Jarmalka wuxuu bilaabmay [[Maajo]] [[10]], 1940, iyadoo baarashuut lagu soo dejiyay [[Holland]] iyo [[Beljim]]. Dejintan waxaa sameeyay Qaybta 7aad ee Cirka oo ay hoos yimaadaan Kurt Student iyo Qaybta 22aad ee Lugta oo ay hoos yimaadaan Sponeck, oo ay taageerayaan Ciidanka Cirka ee 2aad ee hoos yimaada Albert Kesselring. In kasta oo ay si degdeg ah u weerareen Isbahaysiga, haddana Jarmalka ayaa gacanta sare helay, Maajo 14, Nederlandays-na way is dhiibeen. Dhanka kale, kooxda Rundstedt waxay bilaabeen inay ka gudbaan Kaynta Ardennes una gudbaan Wabiga Meuse. Waxay si guul leh u dhammeeyeen hawlgalkooda, iyagoo si wax ku ool ah u kala saaray ciidamada Isbahaysiga. [[Faransiiska]] (oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Charles de Gaulle]]) waxay isku dayeen weerar rogaal celis ah [[Maajo]] 17 iyo 19, halka Ingiriisku ay bilaabeen weerar rogaal celis ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xulafada ayaa ku guuldareystay inay dib u ururiyaan ciidamadooda. Maajo 20, ciidamada Guderian waxay gaareen Noyelles oo ku taal xeebta, sidaas darteedna waxay dhammaystireen kala-soocidda ciidamada Isbahaysiga. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Faransiiska Bawl Riinowaad wuxuu isku dayay inuu badbaadiyo xaaladda sii xumaanaysa. 17-kii Maajo, wuxuu la xiriiray Taliye Maxime Weygand (oo ku sugnaa [[Suuriya]]) wuxuuna u magacaabay Taliyaha Guud ee Ciidamada Isbahaysiga beddelkii Gamelin. Weygand wuxuu yimid [[Maajo]] [[19]], laakiin ma uusan haysan ul sixir ah oo uu xaaladda ku beddelo. [[File:Battle_of_france_positional.png|thumb|Qorshaha lagu weerarayo Faransiiska iyadoo la adeegsanayo "weerar hillaac ah"]] Cadaadiska Jarmalka ee saaran ciidamada Isbahaysiga ee ku hareeraysan waqooyiga ayaa sii socday, 28-kii Maajo, reer Beljimka ayaa is dhiibay ka dib markii ay si xooggan isaga caabiyeen. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[Ingiriiska]] Viinstoon Shuurshiil, oo xilka la wareegay 10-kii [[Maajo]], 1940, wuxuu aaminsanaa in xalka ugu fiican uu yahay in ciidamada la daadgureeyo si looga fogaado in la qabto, isagoo ujeedkiisu yahay in ugu badnaan 20,000 oo askari la soo saaro. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xulafadu waxay qabteen raad-raac ka yimid Ciidanka Kooxda A, oo uu hoggaaminayo Rundstedt, iyagoo amray in la joojiyo weerarka. Waxaa jira dood ku saabsan in Hitler ama Rundstedt ay ahaayeen isha amarkan, laakiin waxay Isbahaysiga siisay fursad dahabi ah oo ay ku badbaadin karaan ciidamadooda. [[Juun]] [[4]], waxay ku guuleysteen inay daadgureeyaan in ka badan 338,000 oo askari. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ciidanka Koowaad ee [[Faransiiska]] nasiib uma yeelan, maadaama askartoodu ay ku xayiran yihiin Lille. [[File:Dunkirk_1940_HU1137.jpg|thumb|Daadgureynta Dunkirk sanadkii 1940]] [[File:Winston_Churchill_during_the_General_Election_Campaign_in_1945_HU55965.jpg|thumb|Viinstoon Shuurshiil ayuu yiri ka dib markii ay u baxsadeen Dunkirk : Waligeen is dhiibi mayno !]] ===U baxso Dunkirk=== Maalintii ugu horreysay, 7,669 oo askari oo ka tirsan Isbahaysiga ayaa la daadgureeyay, laakiin dhammaadkii maalintii siddeedaad, 338,226 ayaa la badbaadiyay iyadoo si degdeg ah loo soo abaabulay oo ka kooban in ka badan 800 oo markab. Askar badan ayaa awooday inay raacaan 39 diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Boqortooyada, afar diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Boqortooyada Kanada, ugu yaraan saddex diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Faransiiska, iyo maraakiib ganacsi oo rayid ah oo kala duwan iyagoo maraya biyaha ka soo galaya dekedda. Kuwa kale waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay ka baxaan xeebaha oo ay saacado badan ku sugaan biyaha garbaha. Qaarkood waxaa maraakiibta waaweyn u wareejiyay waxa loogu yeero Dunkirk Littleships, oo ah diyaarad yar oo boqolaal maraakiib ganacsi ah, doonyo kalluumeysi, doonyo raaxo leh, doonyo, iyo doonyo badbaado ah oo laga soo diray [[Ingiriiska]]. IAF waxay lumisay 68,000 oo askari intii lagu jiray ololihii [[Faransiiska]] waxaana lagu qasbay inay ka tagaan ku dhawaad dhammaan taangiyadooda, gawaaridooda, iyo qalabkooda. Khudbaddiisii Juun 4, Shuurshiil wuxuu sidoo kale xasuusiyay dalka, isagoo leh, "Waa inaan aad uga taxaddarnaa inaan tayada guusha ku tilmaamno samatabbixintan. Dagaallada laguma guuleysto daadgureynta." ===Wadada loo maro Baaris=== [[File:Hitler,_Speer_y_Breker_en_París,_23_de_junio_de_1940.jpg|thumb|Hitler Iyo Munaaradda Effiel Sannadkii 1940-kii]] Isagoo matalaya, wuxuu dagaal ku dhawaaqay [[Ingiriiska]] iyo [[Faransiiska]] Juun 10, haddana ciidankiisu ma aysan gaarin guulo muhiim ah. 14kii Juun, Jarmalka waxay galeen Baaris. Iska caabinta Faransiiska ma sii socon intaas ka dib. [[Ra'iisul Wasaare]] Riinwaad ayaa iscasilay [[Juun]] [[16]], waxaana ku xigay Jeneraal caan ah Viilhbee Biitaan, oo ahaa geesigii [[Dagaalkii Dunida Kowaad]]. Dowladdiisu waxay heshiiska hubka la saxiixatay [[Juun]] [[22]] kaynta kompiegiine, isla meeshii Jarmalku ku saxiixay heshiiska hubka sannadkii 1918. [[Juun]] [[24]], waxay heshiis hub la saxiixdeen [[Talyaaniga]], dagaalkuna wuu joogsaday waaberigii maalintii xigtay. =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] ii4qpmevg47tpc5mtd6n3fgjh2wt04o 299676 299669 2026-06-27T07:42:48Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Wadada loo maro Baaris */ Fixed grammar 299676 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha [[Benito Mussolini]]]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, [[Mussolini]] oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, [[Joseph Stalin]] wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska [[Agoosto]] [[25]], 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, [[Jarmalka]] wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, [[Sebtembar]] 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga [[Boland]] ===Buugga ''Halgankayga''=== [[File:Minha_Luta_-_Mein_Kampf_-_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Waa Buugtii ee Halgankayga (Jarmal ahaan: Mein Kampf)]] Halgankayga ([[Af Jarmal]]: Mein Kampf) waa buug uu qoray Adolf Hitler. Waxa uu isku daraa qaybo ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka iyo sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan aragtiyaha Nazi-ga ee Hitler. Mugga koowaad waxaa la daabacay 1925-kii, kan labaadna 1926-kii. Waxaa tafatiray Bernhard Stempfel, kaasoo la dilay [[habeenkii Mindiyaha Dheer]]. "[[Boland]] uma muuqan doonto sidii ay uga muuqatay Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]; tani waa hadalkii Nazi iyo [[Ruushka]] sidoo kale." Hitler buugiisa "Halgankayga". [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0922-500,_Reichstag,_Begrüßung_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Hitler oo salaamaya "Naasiga" bartamihii 1939 ka dib markii uu qabsaday Boland]] ===Weerar lagu qaaday E'fransiiska=== Weerarkii Jarmalka wuxuu bilaabmay [[Maajo]] [[10]], 1940, iyadoo baarashuut lagu soo dejiyay [[Holland]] iyo [[Beljim]]. Dejintan waxaa sameeyay Qaybta 7aad ee Cirka oo ay hoos yimaadaan Kurt Student iyo Qaybta 22aad ee Lugta oo ay hoos yimaadaan Sponeck, oo ay taageerayaan Ciidanka Cirka ee 2aad ee hoos yimaada Albert Kesselring. In kasta oo ay si degdeg ah u weerareen Isbahaysiga, haddana Jarmalka ayaa gacanta sare helay, Maajo 14, Nederlandays-na way is dhiibeen. Dhanka kale, kooxda Rundstedt waxay bilaabeen inay ka gudbaan Kaynta Ardennes una gudbaan Wabiga Meuse. Waxay si guul leh u dhammeeyeen hawlgalkooda, iyagoo si wax ku ool ah u kala saaray ciidamada Isbahaysiga. [[Faransiiska]] (oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Charles de Gaulle]]) waxay isku dayeen weerar rogaal celis ah [[Maajo]] 17 iyo 19, halka Ingiriisku ay bilaabeen weerar rogaal celis ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xulafada ayaa ku guuldareystay inay dib u ururiyaan ciidamadooda. Maajo 20, ciidamada Guderian waxay gaareen Noyelles oo ku taal xeebta, sidaas darteedna waxay dhammaystireen kala-soocidda ciidamada Isbahaysiga. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Faransiiska Bawl Riinowaad wuxuu isku dayay inuu badbaadiyo xaaladda sii xumaanaysa. 17-kii Maajo, wuxuu la xiriiray Taliye Maxime Weygand (oo ku sugnaa [[Suuriya]]) wuxuuna u magacaabay Taliyaha Guud ee Ciidamada Isbahaysiga beddelkii Gamelin. Weygand wuxuu yimid [[Maajo]] [[19]], laakiin ma uusan haysan ul sixir ah oo uu xaaladda ku beddelo. [[File:Battle_of_france_positional.png|thumb|Qorshaha lagu weerarayo Faransiiska iyadoo la adeegsanayo "weerar hillaac ah"]] Cadaadiska Jarmalka ee saaran ciidamada Isbahaysiga ee ku hareeraysan waqooyiga ayaa sii socday, 28-kii Maajo, reer Beljimka ayaa is dhiibay ka dib markii ay si xooggan isaga caabiyeen. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[Ingiriiska]] Viinstoon Shuurshiil, oo xilka la wareegay 10-kii [[Maajo]], 1940, wuxuu aaminsanaa in xalka ugu fiican uu yahay in ciidamada la daadgureeyo si looga fogaado in la qabto, isagoo ujeedkiisu yahay in ugu badnaan 20,000 oo askari la soo saaro. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xulafadu waxay qabteen raad-raac ka yimid Ciidanka Kooxda A, oo uu hoggaaminayo Rundstedt, iyagoo amray in la joojiyo weerarka. Waxaa jira dood ku saabsan in Hitler ama Rundstedt ay ahaayeen isha amarkan, laakiin waxay Isbahaysiga siisay fursad dahabi ah oo ay ku badbaadin karaan ciidamadooda. [[Juun]] [[4]], waxay ku guuleysteen inay daadgureeyaan in ka badan 338,000 oo askari. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ciidanka Koowaad ee [[Faransiiska]] nasiib uma yeelan, maadaama askartoodu ay ku xayiran yihiin Lille. [[File:Dunkirk_1940_HU1137.jpg|thumb|Daadgureynta Dunkirk sanadkii 1940]] [[File:Winston_Churchill_during_the_General_Election_Campaign_in_1945_HU55965.jpg|thumb|Viinstoon Shuurshiil ayuu yiri ka dib markii ay u baxsadeen Dunkirk : Waligeen is dhiibi mayno !]] ===U baxso Dunkirk=== Maalintii ugu horreysay, 7,669 oo askari oo ka tirsan Isbahaysiga ayaa la daadgureeyay, laakiin dhammaadkii maalintii siddeedaad, 338,226 ayaa la badbaadiyay iyadoo si degdeg ah loo soo abaabulay oo ka kooban in ka badan 800 oo markab. Askar badan ayaa awooday inay raacaan 39 diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Boqortooyada, afar diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Boqortooyada Kanada, ugu yaraan saddex diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Faransiiska, iyo maraakiib ganacsi oo rayid ah oo kala duwan iyagoo maraya biyaha ka soo galaya dekedda. Kuwa kale waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay ka baxaan xeebaha oo ay saacado badan ku sugaan biyaha garbaha. Qaarkood waxaa maraakiibta waaweyn u wareejiyay waxa loogu yeero Dunkirk Littleships, oo ah diyaarad yar oo boqolaal maraakiib ganacsi ah, doonyo kalluumeysi, doonyo raaxo leh, doonyo, iyo doonyo badbaado ah oo laga soo diray [[Ingiriiska]]. IAF waxay lumisay 68,000 oo askari intii lagu jiray ololihii [[Faransiiska]] waxaana lagu qasbay inay ka tagaan ku dhawaad dhammaan taangiyadooda, gawaaridooda, iyo qalabkooda. Khudbaddiisii Juun 4, Shuurshiil wuxuu sidoo kale xasuusiyay dalka, isagoo leh, "Waa inaan aad uga taxaddarnaa inaan tayada guusha ku tilmaamno samatabbixintan. Dagaallada laguma guuleysto daadgureynta." ===Wadada loo maro Baaris=== [[File:Hitler,_Speer_y_Breker_en_París,_23_de_junio_de_1940.jpg|thumb|Hitler Iyo Munaaradda Effiel Sannadkii 1940-kii]] Isagoo matalaya, wuxuu dagaal ku dhawaaqay [[Ingiriiska]] iyo [[Faransiiska]] Juun 10, haddana ciidankiisu ma aysan gaarin guulo muhiim ah. 14-kii Juun, Jarmalka waxay galeen Baaris. Iska caabinta Faransiiska ma sii socon intaas ka dib. [[Ra'iisul Wasaare]] Riinwaad ayaa iscasilay [[Juun]] [[16]], waxaana ku xigay Jeneraal caan ah Viilhbee Biitaan, oo ahaa geesigii [[Dagaalkii Dunida Kowaad]]. Dowladdiisu waxay heshiiska hubka la saxiixatay [[Juun]] [[22]] kaynta kompiegiine, isla meeshii Jarmalku ku saxiixay heshiiska hubka sannadkii 1918. [[Juun]] [[24]], waxay heshiis hub la saxiixdeen [[Talyaaniga]], dagaalkuna wuu joogsaday waaberigii maalintii xigtay. =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] fh4puizeve5pdnyhsbv5j4n6e49hk0c 299678 299676 2026-06-27T07:45:35Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka */ Fixed typo 299678 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan jamhuuriyadda Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay [[Luuliyo]] [[29]], 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha [[Benito Mussolini]]]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, [[Mussolini]] oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, [[Joseph Stalin]] wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska [[Agoosto]] [[25]], 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, [[Jarmalka]] wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, [[Sebtembar]] 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga [[Boland]] ===Buugga ''Halgankayga''=== [[File:Minha_Luta_-_Mein_Kampf_-_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Waa Buugtii ee Halgankayga (Jarmal ahaan: Mein Kampf)]] Halgankayga ([[Af Jarmal]]: Mein Kampf) waa buug uu qoray Adolf Hitler. Waxa uu isku daraa qaybo ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka iyo sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan aragtiyaha Nazi-ga ee Hitler. Mugga koowaad waxaa la daabacay 1925-kii, kan labaadna 1926-kii. Waxaa tafatiray Bernhard Stempfel, kaasoo la dilay [[habeenkii Mindiyaha Dheer]]. "[[Boland]] uma muuqan doonto sidii ay uga muuqatay Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]; tani waa hadalkii Nazi iyo [[Ruushka]] sidoo kale." Hitler buugiisa "Halgankayga". [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0922-500,_Reichstag,_Begrüßung_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Hitler oo salaamaya "Naasiga" bartamihii 1939 ka dib markii uu qabsaday Boland]] ===Weerar lagu qaaday E'fransiiska=== Weerarkii Jarmalka wuxuu bilaabmay [[Maajo]] [[10]], 1940, iyadoo baarashuut lagu soo dejiyay [[Holland]] iyo [[Beljim]]. Dejintan waxaa sameeyay Qaybta 7aad ee Cirka oo ay hoos yimaadaan Kurt Student iyo Qaybta 22aad ee Lugta oo ay hoos yimaadaan Sponeck, oo ay taageerayaan Ciidanka Cirka ee 2aad ee hoos yimaada Albert Kesselring. In kasta oo ay si degdeg ah u weerareen Isbahaysiga, haddana Jarmalka ayaa gacanta sare helay, Maajo 14, Nederlandays-na way is dhiibeen. Dhanka kale, kooxda Rundstedt waxay bilaabeen inay ka gudbaan Kaynta Ardennes una gudbaan Wabiga Meuse. Waxay si guul leh u dhammeeyeen hawlgalkooda, iyagoo si wax ku ool ah u kala saaray ciidamada Isbahaysiga. [[Faransiiska]] (oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Charles de Gaulle]]) waxay isku dayeen weerar rogaal celis ah [[Maajo]] 17 iyo 19, halka Ingiriisku ay bilaabeen weerar rogaal celis ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xulafada ayaa ku guuldareystay inay dib u ururiyaan ciidamadooda. Maajo 20, ciidamada Guderian waxay gaareen Noyelles oo ku taal xeebta, sidaas darteedna waxay dhammaystireen kala-soocidda ciidamada Isbahaysiga. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Faransiiska Bawl Riinowaad wuxuu isku dayay inuu badbaadiyo xaaladda sii xumaanaysa. 17-kii Maajo, wuxuu la xiriiray Taliye Maxime Weygand (oo ku sugnaa [[Suuriya]]) wuxuuna u magacaabay Taliyaha Guud ee Ciidamada Isbahaysiga beddelkii Gamelin. Weygand wuxuu yimid [[Maajo]] [[19]], laakiin ma uusan haysan ul sixir ah oo uu xaaladda ku beddelo. [[File:Battle_of_france_positional.png|thumb|Qorshaha lagu weerarayo Faransiiska iyadoo la adeegsanayo "weerar hillaac ah"]] Cadaadiska Jarmalka ee saaran ciidamada Isbahaysiga ee ku hareeraysan waqooyiga ayaa sii socday, 28-kii Maajo, reer Beljimka ayaa is dhiibay ka dib markii ay si xooggan isaga caabiyeen. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[Ingiriiska]] Viinstoon Shuurshiil, oo xilka la wareegay 10-kii [[Maajo]], 1940, wuxuu aaminsanaa in xalka ugu fiican uu yahay in ciidamada la daadgureeyo si looga fogaado in la qabto, isagoo ujeedkiisu yahay in ugu badnaan 20,000 oo askari la soo saaro. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xulafadu waxay qabteen raad-raac ka yimid Ciidanka Kooxda A, oo uu hoggaaminayo Rundstedt, iyagoo amray in la joojiyo weerarka. Waxaa jira dood ku saabsan in Hitler ama Rundstedt ay ahaayeen isha amarkan, laakiin waxay Isbahaysiga siisay fursad dahabi ah oo ay ku badbaadin karaan ciidamadooda. [[Juun]] [[4]], waxay ku guuleysteen inay daadgureeyaan in ka badan 338,000 oo askari. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ciidanka Koowaad ee [[Faransiiska]] nasiib uma yeelan, maadaama askartoodu ay ku xayiran yihiin Lille. [[File:Dunkirk_1940_HU1137.jpg|thumb|Daadgureynta Dunkirk sanadkii 1940]] [[File:Winston_Churchill_during_the_General_Election_Campaign_in_1945_HU55965.jpg|thumb|Viinstoon Shuurshiil ayuu yiri ka dib markii ay u baxsadeen Dunkirk : Waligeen is dhiibi mayno !]] ===U baxso Dunkirk=== Maalintii ugu horreysay, 7,669 oo askari oo ka tirsan Isbahaysiga ayaa la daadgureeyay, laakiin dhammaadkii maalintii siddeedaad, 338,226 ayaa la badbaadiyay iyadoo si degdeg ah loo soo abaabulay oo ka kooban in ka badan 800 oo markab. Askar badan ayaa awooday inay raacaan 39 diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Boqortooyada, afar diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Boqortooyada Kanada, ugu yaraan saddex diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Faransiiska, iyo maraakiib ganacsi oo rayid ah oo kala duwan iyagoo maraya biyaha ka soo galaya dekedda. Kuwa kale waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay ka baxaan xeebaha oo ay saacado badan ku sugaan biyaha garbaha. Qaarkood waxaa maraakiibta waaweyn u wareejiyay waxa loogu yeero Dunkirk Littleships, oo ah diyaarad yar oo boqolaal maraakiib ganacsi ah, doonyo kalluumeysi, doonyo raaxo leh, doonyo, iyo doonyo badbaado ah oo laga soo diray [[Ingiriiska]]. IAF waxay lumisay 68,000 oo askari intii lagu jiray ololihii [[Faransiiska]] waxaana lagu qasbay inay ka tagaan ku dhawaad dhammaan taangiyadooda, gawaaridooda, iyo qalabkooda. Khudbaddiisii Juun 4, Shuurshiil wuxuu sidoo kale xasuusiyay dalka, isagoo leh, "Waa inaan aad uga taxaddarnaa inaan tayada guusha ku tilmaamno samatabbixintan. Dagaallada laguma guuleysto daadgureynta." ===Wadada loo maro Baaris=== [[File:Hitler,_Speer_y_Breker_en_París,_23_de_junio_de_1940.jpg|thumb|Hitler Iyo Munaaradda Effiel Sannadkii 1940-kii]] Isagoo matalaya, wuxuu dagaal ku dhawaaqay [[Ingiriiska]] iyo [[Faransiiska]] Juun 10, haddana ciidankiisu ma aysan gaarin guulo muhiim ah. 14-kii Juun, Jarmalka waxay galeen Baaris. Iska caabinta Faransiiska ma sii socon intaas ka dib. [[Ra'iisul Wasaare]] Riinwaad ayaa iscasilay [[Juun]] [[16]], waxaana ku xigay Jeneraal caan ah Viilhbee Biitaan, oo ahaa geesigii [[Dagaalkii Dunida Kowaad]]. Dowladdiisu waxay heshiiska hubka la saxiixatay [[Juun]] [[22]] kaynta kompiegiine, isla meeshii Jarmalku ku saxiixay heshiiska hubka sannadkii 1918. [[Juun]] [[24]], waxay heshiis hub la saxiixdeen [[Talyaaniga]], dagaalkuna wuu joogsaday waaberigii maalintii xigtay. =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] 909po8wfspgs6bee83fmbl1t4tu68oa 299679 299678 2026-06-27T07:46:50Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka */ Fixed typo 299679 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan [[Jamhuriyadda]] Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay [[Luuliyo]] [[29]], 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha [[Benito Mussolini]]]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida Shiinaha. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, [[Mussolini]] oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, [[Joseph Stalin]] wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska [[Agoosto]] [[25]], 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, [[Jarmalka]] wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, [[Sebtembar]] 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga [[Boland]] ===Buugga ''Halgankayga''=== [[File:Minha_Luta_-_Mein_Kampf_-_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Waa Buugtii ee Halgankayga (Jarmal ahaan: Mein Kampf)]] Halgankayga ([[Af Jarmal]]: Mein Kampf) waa buug uu qoray Adolf Hitler. Waxa uu isku daraa qaybo ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka iyo sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan aragtiyaha Nazi-ga ee Hitler. Mugga koowaad waxaa la daabacay 1925-kii, kan labaadna 1926-kii. Waxaa tafatiray Bernhard Stempfel, kaasoo la dilay [[habeenkii Mindiyaha Dheer]]. "[[Boland]] uma muuqan doonto sidii ay uga muuqatay Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]; tani waa hadalkii Nazi iyo [[Ruushka]] sidoo kale." Hitler buugiisa "Halgankayga". [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0922-500,_Reichstag,_Begrüßung_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Hitler oo salaamaya "Naasiga" bartamihii 1939 ka dib markii uu qabsaday Boland]] ===Weerar lagu qaaday E'fransiiska=== Weerarkii Jarmalka wuxuu bilaabmay [[Maajo]] [[10]], 1940, iyadoo baarashuut lagu soo dejiyay [[Holland]] iyo [[Beljim]]. Dejintan waxaa sameeyay Qaybta 7aad ee Cirka oo ay hoos yimaadaan Kurt Student iyo Qaybta 22aad ee Lugta oo ay hoos yimaadaan Sponeck, oo ay taageerayaan Ciidanka Cirka ee 2aad ee hoos yimaada Albert Kesselring. In kasta oo ay si degdeg ah u weerareen Isbahaysiga, haddana Jarmalka ayaa gacanta sare helay, Maajo 14, Nederlandays-na way is dhiibeen. Dhanka kale, kooxda Rundstedt waxay bilaabeen inay ka gudbaan Kaynta Ardennes una gudbaan Wabiga Meuse. Waxay si guul leh u dhammeeyeen hawlgalkooda, iyagoo si wax ku ool ah u kala saaray ciidamada Isbahaysiga. [[Faransiiska]] (oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Charles de Gaulle]]) waxay isku dayeen weerar rogaal celis ah [[Maajo]] 17 iyo 19, halka Ingiriisku ay bilaabeen weerar rogaal celis ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xulafada ayaa ku guuldareystay inay dib u ururiyaan ciidamadooda. Maajo 20, ciidamada Guderian waxay gaareen Noyelles oo ku taal xeebta, sidaas darteedna waxay dhammaystireen kala-soocidda ciidamada Isbahaysiga. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Faransiiska Bawl Riinowaad wuxuu isku dayay inuu badbaadiyo xaaladda sii xumaanaysa. 17-kii Maajo, wuxuu la xiriiray Taliye Maxime Weygand (oo ku sugnaa [[Suuriya]]) wuxuuna u magacaabay Taliyaha Guud ee Ciidamada Isbahaysiga beddelkii Gamelin. Weygand wuxuu yimid [[Maajo]] [[19]], laakiin ma uusan haysan ul sixir ah oo uu xaaladda ku beddelo. [[File:Battle_of_france_positional.png|thumb|Qorshaha lagu weerarayo Faransiiska iyadoo la adeegsanayo "weerar hillaac ah"]] Cadaadiska Jarmalka ee saaran ciidamada Isbahaysiga ee ku hareeraysan waqooyiga ayaa sii socday, 28-kii Maajo, reer Beljimka ayaa is dhiibay ka dib markii ay si xooggan isaga caabiyeen. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[Ingiriiska]] Viinstoon Shuurshiil, oo xilka la wareegay 10-kii [[Maajo]], 1940, wuxuu aaminsanaa in xalka ugu fiican uu yahay in ciidamada la daadgureeyo si looga fogaado in la qabto, isagoo ujeedkiisu yahay in ugu badnaan 20,000 oo askari la soo saaro. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xulafadu waxay qabteen raad-raac ka yimid Ciidanka Kooxda A, oo uu hoggaaminayo Rundstedt, iyagoo amray in la joojiyo weerarka. Waxaa jira dood ku saabsan in Hitler ama Rundstedt ay ahaayeen isha amarkan, laakiin waxay Isbahaysiga siisay fursad dahabi ah oo ay ku badbaadin karaan ciidamadooda. [[Juun]] [[4]], waxay ku guuleysteen inay daadgureeyaan in ka badan 338,000 oo askari. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ciidanka Koowaad ee [[Faransiiska]] nasiib uma yeelan, maadaama askartoodu ay ku xayiran yihiin Lille. [[File:Dunkirk_1940_HU1137.jpg|thumb|Daadgureynta Dunkirk sanadkii 1940]] [[File:Winston_Churchill_during_the_General_Election_Campaign_in_1945_HU55965.jpg|thumb|Viinstoon Shuurshiil ayuu yiri ka dib markii ay u baxsadeen Dunkirk : Waligeen is dhiibi mayno !]] ===U baxso Dunkirk=== Maalintii ugu horreysay, 7,669 oo askari oo ka tirsan Isbahaysiga ayaa la daadgureeyay, laakiin dhammaadkii maalintii siddeedaad, 338,226 ayaa la badbaadiyay iyadoo si degdeg ah loo soo abaabulay oo ka kooban in ka badan 800 oo markab. Askar badan ayaa awooday inay raacaan 39 diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Boqortooyada, afar diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Boqortooyada Kanada, ugu yaraan saddex diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Faransiiska, iyo maraakiib ganacsi oo rayid ah oo kala duwan iyagoo maraya biyaha ka soo galaya dekedda. Kuwa kale waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay ka baxaan xeebaha oo ay saacado badan ku sugaan biyaha garbaha. Qaarkood waxaa maraakiibta waaweyn u wareejiyay waxa loogu yeero Dunkirk Littleships, oo ah diyaarad yar oo boqolaal maraakiib ganacsi ah, doonyo kalluumeysi, doonyo raaxo leh, doonyo, iyo doonyo badbaado ah oo laga soo diray [[Ingiriiska]]. IAF waxay lumisay 68,000 oo askari intii lagu jiray ololihii [[Faransiiska]] waxaana lagu qasbay inay ka tagaan ku dhawaad dhammaan taangiyadooda, gawaaridooda, iyo qalabkooda. Khudbaddiisii Juun 4, Shuurshiil wuxuu sidoo kale xasuusiyay dalka, isagoo leh, "Waa inaan aad uga taxaddarnaa inaan tayada guusha ku tilmaamno samatabbixintan. Dagaallada laguma guuleysto daadgureynta." ===Wadada loo maro Baaris=== [[File:Hitler,_Speer_y_Breker_en_París,_23_de_junio_de_1940.jpg|thumb|Hitler Iyo Munaaradda Effiel Sannadkii 1940-kii]] Isagoo matalaya, wuxuu dagaal ku dhawaaqay [[Ingiriiska]] iyo [[Faransiiska]] Juun 10, haddana ciidankiisu ma aysan gaarin guulo muhiim ah. 14-kii Juun, Jarmalka waxay galeen Baaris. Iska caabinta Faransiiska ma sii socon intaas ka dib. [[Ra'iisul Wasaare]] Riinwaad ayaa iscasilay [[Juun]] [[16]], waxaana ku xigay Jeneraal caan ah Viilhbee Biitaan, oo ahaa geesigii [[Dagaalkii Dunida Kowaad]]. Dowladdiisu waxay heshiiska hubka la saxiixatay [[Juun]] [[22]] kaynta kompiegiine, isla meeshii Jarmalku ku saxiixay heshiiska hubka sannadkii 1918. [[Juun]] [[24]], waxay heshiis hub la saxiixdeen [[Talyaaniga]], dagaalkuna wuu joogsaday waaberigii maalintii xigtay. =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] b0k3nd7u9lbpac9mlpmiznyns6eebup 299681 299679 2026-06-27T07:48:33Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka */ Fixed typo 299681 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hitler portrait crop.jpg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|right|150px]] '''Adolf Hitler''' ([[20]] [[Abriil]] [[1889]] – [[30 ]][[Abriil]] [[1945]]) wuxuu uu ahaa [[siyaasi]]. Jarmal ah oo [[Fiyena]] u dhashay ee dalka [[Awstriya]] iyo hogaamiyihii xisbigii Nazi laga soo bilaabo 1933 ilaa dhimashadiisii ​​1945. Dawladiisu waxay caan ku tahay inay sababto [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] iyo [[Holokost]]. Hitler aabihiis, Alois (wuxuu dhashay 1837), wuxuu ahaa sharci-darro. In muddo ah wuxuu u dhashay magaca hooyadii, Shikgrubler, laakiin 1876-kii wuxuu aasaasay sheegashada qoyskiisa magaca Hitler. Adolf waligiis magac kale ma isticmaalin. =Nolosha hore= Ka dib markii aabihiis uu ka fariistay adeegga canshuuraha dawladda, Adolf Hitler wuxuu inta badan caruurnimadiisii ​​ku qaatay Linz, caasimadda [[Awstriya]]. Waxay ahaan jirtay magaaladii uu jeclaa intii uu noolaa oo dhan, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaankiisa ah in lagu aaso halkaas. Alois Hitler waxa uu dhintay 1903-dii balse waxa uu ka tagay hawlgab iyo kayd ku filan si uu u taageero xaaskiisa iyo caruurtiisa. Inkasta oo Hitler uu aabbihii ka cabsaday oo uu necbahay, haddana waxa uu ahaa wiil u heellan hooyadii, taas oo u geeriyootay silic badan 1907-dii. Isaga oo haysta rikoodh isku dhafan oo arday ah, Hitler waligiis ma dhaafin waxbarashada sare. Kadib markii uu dugsiga ka baxay, wuxuu booqday [[Fiyena]], ka dibna wuxuu ku laabtay Linz, halkaas oo uu ku riyooday inuu noqdo farshaxan. Later, wuxuu isticmaalay gunnada yar ee uu sii waday inuu sawiro si uu naftiisa ugu ilaaliyo Vienna. Waxa uu damcay in uu barto fanka, kaas oo uu u lahaa kulliyado, laakiin laba jeer ayuu ku guul daraystay in uu galo Akademiyada Farshaxanka. Muddo sannado ah waxa uu ku noolaa nolol cidla ah oo go’doon ah, waxa uu ka heli jiray nolol aan fiicneyn oo uu ku rinjiyeeyo kaararka boostada iyo xayaysiisyada oo uu ka guurayo hool ay degmadu leedahay oo uu mid kale u guurayo. Hitler wuxuu horey u muujiyay sifooyin muujinaya noloshiisa dambe: kalinimada iyo qarsoodiga, qaabka bohemian ee jiritaanka maalinlaha ah, iyo nacaybka kosmobolitaanisme iyo dabeecadda caalamiga ah ee Vienna. [[1913]]kii Hitler waxa uu u guuray [[Munich]]. Waxaa loo baadhay adeegga millatariga Awstaria bishii Febraayo [[1914]]-kii, waxa lagu sifeeyay mid aan taam ahayn sababtoo ah firfircooni jireed oo aan ku filnayn; laakiin markii uu Dagaalkii I aad   qarxay, waxa uu ka codsaday Bavarian King Louis III  in loo oggolaado in uu adeego, iyo maalin kaddib markii uu codsigaas gudbiyay, waxaa la ogeysiiyay in loo oggolaan doono in uu ku biiro Guutada Kaydka Bavaria ee 16aad. Muddo siddeed toddobaad ah oo tababar ah ka dib, Hitler waxa la geeyay [[Beljim]] [[Oktoobar]] 1914-kii, halkaas oo uu kaga qayb qaatay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Ypres. Waxa uu soo shaqeeyay dagaalka oo dhan, waxa la dhaawacay Oktoobar 1916-kii, waxaana gaas lagu dilay laba sano ka dib meel u dhow Ypres. Waxa la dhigay cusbitaal markii ay colaaddu dhammaatay. Intii uu dagaalku socday, waxa uu si joogto ah ugu jiray jiidda hore ee orodyahanka xarunta; geesinimadiisa ficilka ah waxaa lagu abaalmariyay Birta, Fasalka Labaad, Diseembar 1914, iyo ''Iron Cross, Class First'' (qurxinta dhifka ah ee jirka), Ogosto 1918. Waxa uu ku salaamay dagaalka si xamaasad leh, si ay uga nafiso weyn niyad jabka iyo hadaf la'aanta nolosha rayidka ah. Wuxuu ka helay anshax  iyo saaxiibtinimo ku qanacsan waxaana la xaqiijiyay inuu aaminsan yahay wanaagga geesinimada leh ee dagaalka yoomis kaabuul . =Nolosha Hitler iyo caadooyinka= [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13774,_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 1aad [[https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_Dunida_Kowaad?wprov=sfla1]]. ee aduunka ka dib, Hitler waxa uu ku hadhay ciidanka waxaanu ku laabtay [[Muniik]]., halkaas oo uu kaga qayb galay aaskii milatari ee [[ra'iisal wasaare]]. Bavaria ee la dilay, Kurt Eisner, taas oo lid ku ah odhaahdiisii danbe.[51] Ka dib markii la ciribtiray Jamhuuriyadii Soofiyeeti ee Bavarian, Hitler waxa uu ka qayb galay koorsooyin "Fikirka Qaranka" ee ay soo qabanqaabiyeen Bavarian Reichswehr's Education and Propaganda ee Xarunta Taliska Afaraad ee ugu weyn ee hoos yimaada Captain Karl Mayr. Waxa uu eedayn dusha ka saaray dadka Yuhuuda ah ee ku kala firdhisan dunida dacaladeeda, shuuciyada, iyo siyaasiyiinta dhinacyada kala duwan, gaar ahaan [[Jamhuriyadda]] Viiyemar Bishii [[Luuliyo]] 1919, Hitler waxaa loo xilsaaray adeegga sirdoonka ee Reichswehr si uu u saameeyo askarta kale oo uu u galo xisbi yar. Kani wuxuu ahaa Xisbiga Shaqaalaha [[Jarmalka]](DAP). Intii lagu guda jiray sahaminta xisbiga, Hitler waxaa saameeyay nacaybka Yuhuudda, waddaniyiinta, ka-hortagga hantida, iyo fikradaha Marxist ee aasaasihii, Anton Drexler. Fikradaha Drexler waxay u ololeeyeen dawlad xoog leh oo firfircoon, fikrado ay dhiiri galiyeen fikradaha hantiwadaaga "aan Yuhuudi ahayn" iyo aaminsanaanta lagama maarmaanka u ah taageerada wadajirka ah ee dhammaan xubnaha bulshada. Drexler waxa aad ula dhacay xirfada odhaahda ee Hitler waxana uu ku casuumay in uu ku soo biiro xisbiga, isaga oo ka dhigay xubintiisii shan iyo kontonaad. Hitler waxa kale oo uu noqday xubintii toddobaad ee guddiga fulinta Guddida Fulinta ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Qaranka ee Xisbiga Hantiwadaaga Jarmalku (NSDW) ayaa ugu dambayntii ka noqday mawqifkoodii oo ay qirteen in laga adkaaday. Waxaa cod loo qaaday xubnaha xisbiga in la aqbalo dalabaadka Hitler iyo in kale. Hitler waxa uu helay 543 cod halka hal kaliya uu ka soo horjeestay. Kulankii xigay ee xisbiga, oo la qabtay [[Luuliyo]] [[29]], 1921, Adolf Hitler waxaa loo soo bandhigay Führer ee NSDW; tani waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee uu si fagaare ah u isticmaalo cinwaankan. Khudbadihii Hitler ee naadiyada, halkaas oo uu ku weeraray [[Yuhuudda]], dimuqraadiyiinta bulshada, liberaaliga, boqortooyooyinka falcelinta, hanti-wadaaga, iyo shuuciyada, waxay bilaabeen inay miro dhalaan oo ay soo jiidaan taageerayaal badan. Taageerayaashii hore ee Hitler waxaa ka mid ahaa Rudolf Hess, duuliyihii hore ee Luftwaffe Hermann Göring, iyo Taliyihii Ciidanka Ernst Röhm, oo markii dambe madax ka noqday ururkii Nazi-ga ee loo yaqaan SA (Storm Troopers), kuwaas oo ilaalin jiray shirarka, weerarna ku ah siyaasiyiinta ka soo horjeeda. Hitler waxa kale oo uu sameeyay kooxo madax banaan oo la mid ah, sida Jabhadda Shaqaalaha Jarmalka (DWF), oo fadhigeedu yahay Nuremberg. Julius Streicher waxa uu ahaa gudoomiyihii ururka oo markii dambe u shaqeeyay gölter, oo macnaheedu yahay madaxa laanta gobolka ee Xisbiga Shaqaalaha Jarmalka ee Hantiwadaaga Qaranka (NSD) ee Franconia. Intaa waxaa dheer, Hitler wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka danaha ganacsiga maxalliga ah wuxuuna helay aqbalaadda wareegyada ay ku jiraan shakhsiyaadka saamaynta ku leh bulshada Munich. Magaciisa waxa kale oo lala xidhiidhiyay kii taliyihii caanka ahaa ee wakhtiga dagaalka, General Erich Ludendorff ===Afgambigii Beer Haawl l'fashilmay=== Sannadkii 1923, ciidamada Nazi waxay isku dayeen afgambi ka dhan ah dowladda, laakiin isku daygii wuu fashilmay wuxuuna sababay in la xiro Adolf Hitler, oo ahaa hoggaamiyihii xisbiga xilligaas. Goobta Beer Putsch waxay ahayd isku day afgambi oo fashilmay oo ay Hitler iyo Xisbiga Nazi ku doonayeen inay xukunka kula wareegaan Bavaria iyo Jarmalka. Isku dayga ayaa bilaabmay fiidkii Noofambar 8 wuxuuna socday ilaa duhurnimadii Noofambar 9, 1923. Adolf Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u adeegsado magaca Jeneraal Erich Ludendorff sidii afgambigii, kaasoo ku dhammaaday fashil weyn iyo xariggii hoggaamiyihii Xisbiga Nazi, Adolf Hitler.[[File:242-HF-0804_001_Beginnings_of_the_Nazi_Movement_Deutscher_Tag_Coburg_14-15_Oct_1922_NSDAP_Hitlerbewegung_SA_Sturmabteilung_Graf_Alfarth_Rosenberg_Schaub_Esser_Feder_Dietrich_Weber_Alpers_etc_Swastikas_Deutschvölkisch_NARA_Cropped.jpg|thumb|Isku day lagu abaabulayo afgambi lagu qabsanayo awoodda Berlin]] ===Ryiikh-ka 3aad=== [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-504,_Berlin,_Adolf_Hitler_und_Hermann_Göring.jpg|thumb|adolf Hitler Iyo Saaxiibkiisa Hermaan Gooriing]] Ka dib markii uu xoojiyay awooddiisa siyaasadeed sannadkii 1933, Hitler wuxuu isku dayay inuu taageero dadweyne u helo siyaasadihiisa isagoo ku qanciyay inta badan dadka Jarmalka inuu ka badbaadin doono hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee adduunka, Heshiiska Versailles, shuuciga, "Bolsheviks-ka Yuhuudda" (kuwaas oo si xun u saameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqa shuuciga ee u dhexeeyay labadii dagaal ee adduunka), iyo saameynta dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee kale ee "aan loo baahnayn". Naasiyiintu waxay tirtireen dhammaan mucaaradkii iyagoo adeegsanaya hab ay ugu yeereen "isku-dubaridka dhammaan nidaamyada" iyo is-dhexgalkooda hal nidaam. ===Dhisidda xulafooyin leh dhidibka=== [[File:Adolf_Hitler_en_visite_en_Italie.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler Iyo Hogaamiyihii Talyaanigi faashiistaha [[Benito Mussolini]]]] Jarmalka ayaa ka soo baxay Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka isagoo guuldarro ceeb ah la kulmay, taasoo ku qasabtay inay saxiixdo Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]. Heshiiskan wuxuu Jarmalka ka qaaday mas'uuliyadda dagaalka wuxuuna ku qasbay inay magdhow siiso dadkii ay dhibaatadu soo gaartay, taasoo culays ku saartay dhaqaalaha Jarmalka iyo dadka dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u weyn. Waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadday dareen ceeb iyo rabitaan ah in la soo celiyo sharaftii lumay ee qaranka. Siyaasad ahaan, guuldarradu waxay horseeday burburkii Reich-kii Labaad iyo aasaaskii Jamhuuriyadda Weimar. Jamhuuriyadda Weimar waxay bilowday barnaamij dib-u-habayn qarsoodi ah, taasoo jebisay shuruudaha Heshiiska Versailles. Barnaamijkan wuxuu ahaa mid xaddidan ilaa uu xukunka qabtay Adolf Hitler 1933. Waqtigaas, barnaamijka waxaa la siiyay mudnaanta koowaad, taasoo lagama maarmaan u ahayd xoojinta xiriirka dhaqaale ee lala leeyahay waddamada hodanka ku ah agabka ceeriin ee loo baahan yahay warshadaha militariga, sida [[Shiinaha]]. Xilligii Nazi-ga ee ka horreeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa ka dhacay isbeddello badan oo ku yimid siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka, oo ay ku jiraan: Hagaajinta xiriirka [[Boland]] inkastoo Heshiiskii Versailles uu dhul Jarmal ah u dhiibay Poland, kaas oo markii dambe Jarmalka ku daray bilowgii dagaalka. Joojinta xiriirka [[Shiinaha]] iyo saxiixa Heshiiska Aksiis ee [[Jabaan]]. Gelitaanka isbahaysi lala galay [[Talyaaniga]] inkastoo ay ka baxeen xerada [[Jarmalka]] ee Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, fal loo arkay khiyaano militari iyo qodob weyn oo ka mid ah guuldarradii Jarmalka. ===Dagaalka Aduunka ee 2aad=== Bishii Febraayo 1938, Hitler ugu dambeyntii wuxuu xalliyay dhibaatadii qabsatay siyaasadda Jarmalka ee ku saabsan Bariga Fog: doorashada u dhaxaysa ilaalinta isbahaysiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Sino-Jarmalka ee laga soo bilaabo 1911 ama gelitaanka isbahaysi cusub oo lala galo [[Jabaan]]. Waqtigaas, ciidanku waxay si weyn u taageereen Jarmalka inay sii wadaan isbahaysigooda Shiinaha. Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda Konstantin von Neurath iyo Wasiirka Dagaalka Werner von Blumberg, oo loogu magac daray "lobby-ga Shiinaha," waxay ahaayeen kuwo taageersan Shiinaha waxayna isku dayeen inay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Jarmalka ka jeediyaan ku lug lahaanshaha dagaal kasta oo Yurub ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler wuxuu shaqada ka eryay labada wasiir horraantii 1938. Isagoo raacaya talada Wasiirkiisii Arrimaha Dibadda ee dhawaan loo magacaabay, Joachim von Ribbentrop oo si xooggan u taageersan Jabbaan, Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu soo afjaro isbahaysiga uu la leeyahay Shiinaha isagoo u hiilinaya isbahaysi uu la leeyahay Jabbaan oo awood badan oo ilbax ah. Mid ka mid ah khudbadihiisii uu u jeediyay Reichstag, Hitler wuxuu ka hadlay aqoonsiga Jarmalka ee dawladda Manchukuo. Gobol ku yaal Manchuria waxaa qabsaday Japan, kaas oo markaa ku dhaqmay madax-bannaani magac u yaal ah. Jarmalka ayaa ka tanaasulay sheegashadiisii gumaystayaashii hore ee Baasifigga.[59] Hitler wuxuu amray in la joojiyo shixnadaha hubka ee loo dirayo Shiinaha, wuxuuna dib u soo celiyay dhammaan saraakiishii Jarmalka ee ka tirsanaa ciidamada Shiinaha. Si uu uga aarguto Jarmalka oo joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Shiinaha dagaalkii ka dhanka ahaa Japan, Jeneraal Chiang Kai-shek wuxuu baabi'iyay heshiisyadii dhaqaale ee u dhexeeyay Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka. Natiijo ahaan, Jarmalka waxaa laga qaaday agabkii ceeriin, sida tungsten, oo Shiinuhu hore u bixiyay. Dhammaadka isbahaysiga Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ayaa sii xumeeyay dhibaatooyinka dib-u-habaynta Jarmalka, iyadoo hadda lagu qasbay inay ka faa'iidaysato kaydka lacagta qalaad ee xaddidan si ay u iibsato agabyada ceeriin ee suuqa furan. ===Heshiiska Muniik 1938=== [[File:Munich_conference(1938).png|thumb|Hitler oo midig jooga, [[Mussolini]] oo dhexda jooga, iyo Chamberlain oo bidixda fog jooga.]] Shirkii hal maalin socday ee ka dhacay Munich, oo ay ka soo qaybgaleen Hitler, Chamberlain, Daladier, iyo [[Mussolini]], ayaa la saxiixay Heshiiskii Muniik, kaas oo daboolay dalabaadka Hitler isla markaana dhulalka ku yaal dhulka Ardayda loogu wareejiyay Jarmalka. Maadaama [[London]] iyo [[Baariis]] ay horey u ogolaadeen fikradda ah in dhulka lagu muransan yahay lagu wareejiyo Jarmalka bartamihii [[Sebteembar]], shirku wuxuu ku qaatay hal maalin oo keliya isagoo ka hadlaya farsamooyinka sida loo fulin doono wareejinta. Shirku wuxuu sidoo kale ka hadlay tanaasulaadka yar yar ee Hitler sameyn doono: wareejinta waxay dhici doontaa toban maalmood gudahood bisha Oktoobar, iyadoo la siinayo amar caalami ah oo lagu kormeerayo geeddi-socodka, Jarmalkana wuxuu sugi doonaa ilaa laga gaaro heshiisyada [[Hungariya]] iyo [[Boland]]. Markii shirka la soo gabagabeeyay, Hitler wuxuu saxiixay Heshiis Saaxiibtinimo oo [[Jarmal]] iyo [[Ingiriis]] ah, kaas oo Chamberlain uu rajo weyn ka qabay, halka Hitler uusan tixgelin badan siinin. Inkasta oo Chamberlain uu ku qancay Shirka Munich; In kasta oo uu si been abuur ah u sheegay in shirku uu "dammaanad qaaday nabad waqtigaas," Hitler wuxuu si gudaha ah uga xanaaqay inuu "ka tanaasulo" dagaalkii uu rajeynayay inuu qaado 1938. Natiijo ahaan, Hitler wuxuu ku guuleystay ra'yi ururintii Ninka Sannadka ee joornaalka Time sannadkii 1938. ===Weerar lagu qaaday Boland=== Marka laga eego aragtida Hitler—iyadoo la tixgelinayo habkiisa ka soo horjeeda Ingiriiska—waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan in Boland lagu daro Jarmalka iyadoo ah dawlad macaamiil ah ama xitaa dawlad dhexdhexaad ah oo ku jirta khilaafkan. Hitler wuxuu aaminsanaa in gaaritaanka arrintan ay tahay baahi istiraatiiji ah, maadaama ay sugi doonto dhinaca bari ee Ryiikh-ka, iyo baahi dhaqaale, maadaama ay ka fogaan doonto saameynta xun ee go'doominta Ingiriiska. Hamiga ugu weyn ee Jarmalka wuxuu ahaa inuu Boland u beddelo dawlad macaamiil ah, laakiin bishii Maarso 1939, markii Boland ay saddex jeer diiday dalabaadka Jarmalka, Hitler wuxuu go'aansaday inuu burburiyo Poland oo ah ujeeddada ugu weyn ee siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka sannadkii 1939. Abriil 3, 1939, Hitler wuxuu amray ciidamadiisa militariga inay bilaabaan diyaargarowga qorshaha loo yaqaan duullaanka Boland (Jarmal ahaan: Fall Weiss). Qorshahani wuxuu ku baaqay in duullaanka Jarmalka uu dhaco Agoosto 25, 1939. Bishii Agoosto 1939, Hitler wuxuu la hadlay taliyayaashiisa militariga qorshihiisa ugu weyn ee 1939, isagoo leh: "In la dhiso xiriir la aqbali karo oo u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Poland si loola dagaallamo Galbeedka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama reer Boland aysan ogolaan inay la shaqeeyaan Jarmalka si ay u sameeyaan "xiriir la aqbali karo" (oo macnaheedu yahay inay aqbalaan Boland inay noqoto dowlad dayax-gacmeed Jarmal ah), Hitler wuxuu ku soo gabagabeeyay inaysan jirin wax beddel ah oo ka duwan baabi'inta Poland oo dhan. Taariikhyahan Gerhard Weinberg wuxuu sharraxay in taageerayaasha Hitler ay ku jireen qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha oo aaminsanaa burburka Boland (dareenka ka soo horjeeda Boolish ah aad buu ugu xoog badnaa ciidanka Jarmalka), laakiin waxay u janjeereen inay dagaal la galaan [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] iyo [[Faransiiska]]. Haddii tani ay ahayd qiimaha ay Jarmalku ku bixin lahaayeen burburinta Boland, markaas Hitler waxay u badan tahay inuu ku guuleystay inuu muujiyo rabitaanka dadkiisa qorshahan. Wadahadallo gaar ah oo uu la yeeshay kaaliyayaashiisa, Hitler wuxuu si joogto ah ugu tilmaamay Ingiriiska cadowga koowaad ee Jarmalka, mid ay tahay in laga adkaado. Aragtidiisa, baabi'inta Poland waxay ahayd horudhac lagama maarmaan ah si loo gaaro yoolkiisa ah inuu sugo garabka bari ee Jarmalka iyo ballaarinta Lebensraum (meesha lagu nool yahay). Isagoo aad uga xumaaday "ballanqaadka" Ingiriiska ee ah inuu ilaaliyo madaxbannaanida [[Boland]], oo lagu dhawaaqay Maarso 31, 1939, Hitler wuxuu u sheegay kaaliyayaashiisa inuu "ka dhigi doono Ingiriiska koobka qadhaadhka ah ilaa ay ka baryaan naxariis." Khudbaddiisii uu ka jeediyay Wilhelmshaven, wuxuu ku celiyay dareenkan. Heshiiskii Muniik wuxuu ku filnaa inuu burburiyo rajadii ugu dambeysay ee ka jirtay goobo ka mid ah Soofiyeedka ee "heshiis amni oo wadajir ah." Agoosto 23, 1939, [[Joseph Stalin]] wuxuu aqbalay dalabka Hitler ee heshiis aan gardarro ahayn (Heshiiskii Molotov-Ribbentrop), kaas oo qodobbadiisa qarsoon ay qeexayeen kala qaybinta Poland. Sababaha ka dambeeya doorashooyinka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Hitler sanadkii 1939 ayaa weli ah mawduuc taariikhi ah oo aad looga dooday. Aragti, oo uu qabo taariikhyahankii Marxist Timothy Mason, ayaa ah in dhibaatada ka jirta qaab-dhismeedka dhaqaalaha dalka ay Hitler ku qasabtay inuu "u baxsado dagaalka." Aragti kale, oo uu taageeray taariikhyahankii dhaqaalaha Richard Overy, ayaa ku doodaysa in ficillada Hitler ay si weyn u saameeyeen arrimo aan dhaqaale ahayn. Taariikhyahannada ka dooday arrintan, sida William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, iyo Ian Kershaw, waxay aaminsan yihiin in mid ka mid ah sababaha aan dhaqaale ahayn ee horseeday in Hitler uu ku degdego dagaalka ay ahayd cabsidiisa xun ee dhimashadiisa soo socota; sidaas darteed, dareenka ah inuu waqti yar u haray si uu u xaqiijiyo himilooyinkiisa. Maalmihii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda, Hitler wuxuu ka labalabeeyey go'aankiisa ah inuu la dagaallamo quwadaha reer Galbeedka haddii loo baahdo iyo qorshayaashiisa kala duwan ee uu Ingiriisku uga ilaalinayo dagaalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hitler waligiis kama laaban doono yoolkiisa ah inuu duullaan ku qaado Boland. Sababaha ku guuleystay in Hitler lagu qanciyo inuu dib u dhigo weerarkii qorshaysnaa ee Poland muddo gaaban laga bilaabo [[Agoosto]] 25 ilaa Sebtembar 1 waxay ahaayeen warka uu helay ee ku saabsan saxiixa isbahaysiga Anglo-Boolish Agoosto 25 si looga jawaabo heshiiska aan gardarrada ahayn ee Jarmalka iyo Ruushka (halkii uu xoojin lahaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya London iyo Warsaw sida Ribbentrop uu saadaaliyay), iyo sidoo kale warka uu ka helay [[Talyaaniga]] ee ah in [[Mussolini]] uusan u hoggaansami doonin heshiiska loo yaqaan Heshiiska Saaxiibtinimada iyo Isbahaysiga ee u dhexeeya Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga (Ingiriis: Heshiiska Birta) (Jarmal: Stahlpakt) (Talyaani: Patto d'Acciaio). Hitler wuxuu doortay inuu maalmihiisii ugu dambeeyay ee nabadda ku qaato isagoo isku dayaya inuu dhexdhexaadiyo Ingiriiska isagoo adeegsanaya "dammaanad qaad ilaalin iyo gardarro la'aan" oo uu siiyay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska [[Agoosto]] [[25]], 1939, ama isagoo Ribbentrop u diray Henderson qorshe nabadeed oo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay ah oo ay ku jirto waqti aan macquul ahayn, taasoo u oggolaanaysa inuu Ingiriiska iyo Poland ku eedeeyo inay sabab u yihiin dagaalka. Sebtembar 1, 1939, [[Jarmalka]] wuxuu ku duulay galbeedka Boland. Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska waxay ku dhawaaqeen dagaal ka dhan ah Jarmalka Sebtembar 3, laakiin ma aysan qaadin tallaabo degdeg ah si ay u dhaqan geliyaan. Hitler aad buu uga niyad jabay oo ula yaabay markii uu helay ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Ingiriiska Sebtembar 3, 1939. Wuxuu u jeestay Ribbentrop wuxuuna weydiiyay, "Maxaan sameyn doonnaa hadda?" Ribbentrop ma uusan dhihin marka laga reebo in safiirka Faransiiska, Robert koolonaade, uu maalinta dambe soo bandhigi karo ku dhawaaqista dagaalka Faransiiska ee Jarmalka. Wax yar ka dib, [[Sebtembar]] 17, ciidamada Ruushku waxay weerareen bariga [[Boland]] ===Buugga ''Halgankayga''=== [[File:Minha_Luta_-_Mein_Kampf_-_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Waa Buugtii ee Halgankayga (Jarmal ahaan: Mein Kampf)]] Halgankayga ([[Af Jarmal]]: Mein Kampf) waa buug uu qoray Adolf Hitler. Waxa uu isku daraa qaybo ka mid ah taariikh nololeedka iyo sharraxaad faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan aragtiyaha Nazi-ga ee Hitler. Mugga koowaad waxaa la daabacay 1925-kii, kan labaadna 1926-kii. Waxaa tafatiray Bernhard Stempfel, kaasoo la dilay [[habeenkii Mindiyaha Dheer]]. "[[Boland]] uma muuqan doonto sidii ay uga muuqatay Heshiiskii [[Versailles]]; tani waa hadalkii Nazi iyo [[Ruushka]] sidoo kale." Hitler buugiisa "Halgankayga". [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0922-500,_Reichstag,_Begrüßung_Adolf_Hitler.jpg|thumb|Hitler oo salaamaya "Naasiga" bartamihii 1939 ka dib markii uu qabsaday Boland]] ===Weerar lagu qaaday E'fransiiska=== Weerarkii Jarmalka wuxuu bilaabmay [[Maajo]] [[10]], 1940, iyadoo baarashuut lagu soo dejiyay [[Holland]] iyo [[Beljim]]. Dejintan waxaa sameeyay Qaybta 7aad ee Cirka oo ay hoos yimaadaan Kurt Student iyo Qaybta 22aad ee Lugta oo ay hoos yimaadaan Sponeck, oo ay taageerayaan Ciidanka Cirka ee 2aad ee hoos yimaada Albert Kesselring. In kasta oo ay si degdeg ah u weerareen Isbahaysiga, haddana Jarmalka ayaa gacanta sare helay, Maajo 14, Nederlandays-na way is dhiibeen. Dhanka kale, kooxda Rundstedt waxay bilaabeen inay ka gudbaan Kaynta Ardennes una gudbaan Wabiga Meuse. Waxay si guul leh u dhammeeyeen hawlgalkooda, iyagoo si wax ku ool ah u kala saaray ciidamada Isbahaysiga. [[Faransiiska]] (oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Charles de Gaulle]]) waxay isku dayeen weerar rogaal celis ah [[Maajo]] 17 iyo 19, halka Ingiriisku ay bilaabeen weerar rogaal celis ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xulafada ayaa ku guuldareystay inay dib u ururiyaan ciidamadooda. Maajo 20, ciidamada Guderian waxay gaareen Noyelles oo ku taal xeebta, sidaas darteedna waxay dhammaystireen kala-soocidda ciidamada Isbahaysiga. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Faransiiska Bawl Riinowaad wuxuu isku dayay inuu badbaadiyo xaaladda sii xumaanaysa. 17-kii Maajo, wuxuu la xiriiray Taliye Maxime Weygand (oo ku sugnaa [[Suuriya]]) wuxuuna u magacaabay Taliyaha Guud ee Ciidamada Isbahaysiga beddelkii Gamelin. Weygand wuxuu yimid [[Maajo]] [[19]], laakiin ma uusan haysan ul sixir ah oo uu xaaladda ku beddelo. [[File:Battle_of_france_positional.png|thumb|Qorshaha lagu weerarayo Faransiiska iyadoo la adeegsanayo "weerar hillaac ah"]] Cadaadiska Jarmalka ee saaran ciidamada Isbahaysiga ee ku hareeraysan waqooyiga ayaa sii socday, 28-kii Maajo, reer Beljimka ayaa is dhiibay ka dib markii ay si xooggan isaga caabiyeen. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[Ingiriiska]] Viinstoon Shuurshiil, oo xilka la wareegay 10-kii [[Maajo]], 1940, wuxuu aaminsanaa in xalka ugu fiican uu yahay in ciidamada la daadgureeyo si looga fogaado in la qabto, isagoo ujeedkiisu yahay in ugu badnaan 20,000 oo askari la soo saaro. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xulafadu waxay qabteen raad-raac ka yimid Ciidanka Kooxda A, oo uu hoggaaminayo Rundstedt, iyagoo amray in la joojiyo weerarka. Waxaa jira dood ku saabsan in Hitler ama Rundstedt ay ahaayeen isha amarkan, laakiin waxay Isbahaysiga siisay fursad dahabi ah oo ay ku badbaadin karaan ciidamadooda. [[Juun]] [[4]], waxay ku guuleysteen inay daadgureeyaan in ka badan 338,000 oo askari. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ciidanka Koowaad ee [[Faransiiska]] nasiib uma yeelan, maadaama askartoodu ay ku xayiran yihiin Lille. [[File:Dunkirk_1940_HU1137.jpg|thumb|Daadgureynta Dunkirk sanadkii 1940]] [[File:Winston_Churchill_during_the_General_Election_Campaign_in_1945_HU55965.jpg|thumb|Viinstoon Shuurshiil ayuu yiri ka dib markii ay u baxsadeen Dunkirk : Waligeen is dhiibi mayno !]] ===U baxso Dunkirk=== Maalintii ugu horreysay, 7,669 oo askari oo ka tirsan Isbahaysiga ayaa la daadgureeyay, laakiin dhammaadkii maalintii siddeedaad, 338,226 ayaa la badbaadiyay iyadoo si degdeg ah loo soo abaabulay oo ka kooban in ka badan 800 oo markab. Askar badan ayaa awooday inay raacaan 39 diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Boqortooyada, afar diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Boqortooyada Kanada, ugu yaraan saddex diyaaradood oo wax burburiya Ciidanka Badda Faransiiska, iyo maraakiib ganacsi oo rayid ah oo kala duwan iyagoo maraya biyaha ka soo galaya dekedda. Kuwa kale waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay ka baxaan xeebaha oo ay saacado badan ku sugaan biyaha garbaha. Qaarkood waxaa maraakiibta waaweyn u wareejiyay waxa loogu yeero Dunkirk Littleships, oo ah diyaarad yar oo boqolaal maraakiib ganacsi ah, doonyo kalluumeysi, doonyo raaxo leh, doonyo, iyo doonyo badbaado ah oo laga soo diray [[Ingiriiska]]. IAF waxay lumisay 68,000 oo askari intii lagu jiray ololihii [[Faransiiska]] waxaana lagu qasbay inay ka tagaan ku dhawaad dhammaan taangiyadooda, gawaaridooda, iyo qalabkooda. Khudbaddiisii Juun 4, Shuurshiil wuxuu sidoo kale xasuusiyay dalka, isagoo leh, "Waa inaan aad uga taxaddarnaa inaan tayada guusha ku tilmaamno samatabbixintan. Dagaallada laguma guuleysto daadgureynta." ===Wadada loo maro Baaris=== [[File:Hitler,_Speer_y_Breker_en_París,_23_de_junio_de_1940.jpg|thumb|Hitler Iyo Munaaradda Effiel Sannadkii 1940-kii]] Isagoo matalaya, wuxuu dagaal ku dhawaaqay [[Ingiriiska]] iyo [[Faransiiska]] Juun 10, haddana ciidankiisu ma aysan gaarin guulo muhiim ah. 14-kii Juun, Jarmalka waxay galeen Baaris. Iska caabinta Faransiiska ma sii socon intaas ka dib. [[Ra'iisul Wasaare]] Riinwaad ayaa iscasilay [[Juun]] [[16]], waxaana ku xigay Jeneraal caan ah Viilhbee Biitaan, oo ahaa geesigii [[Dagaalkii Dunida Kowaad]]. Dowladdiisu waxay heshiiska hubka la saxiixatay [[Juun]] [[22]] kaynta kompiegiine, isla meeshii Jarmalku ku saxiixay heshiiska hubka sannadkii 1918. [[Juun]] [[24]], waxay heshiis hub la saxiixdeen [[Talyaaniga]], dagaalkuna wuu joogsaday waaberigii maalintii xigtay. =Tixraac= *[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adolf-Hitler/ Adolf Hitler], ''Britannica''. * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinpara0000bull_l8j4 | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-679-72994-5}} * {{cite book | author = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1991 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr00bull | isbn = 978-0-06-092020-3}} * {{cite book |author= Michael FitzGerald |title= Adolf Hitler: A Portrait |url= https://archive.org/details/adolfhitlerportr0000fitz |publisher= Spellmount |year=2006 |isbn= 978-1-86227-322-1}} * {{cite book |author= Joachim Fest |title= Hitler |publisher= Harvest Books |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-15-602754-0}} * {{cite book |author= Ian Kershaw |title= Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris |publisher= W W Norton |year= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-393-32035-0}} * {{cite book |author= Lothar Machtan |title= The Hidden Hitler |url= https://archive.org/details/hiddenhitler0000mach |publisher= Basic Books |year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-465-04308-8}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Jarmal|Hitler]] [[Category:Taariikh]] mr14uv8vidvke594egeonaetsjaygvk 0 4125 299706 268463 2026-06-27T08:54:51Z Videoiib7 46243 299706 wikitext text/x-wiki {| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="float:right; border:solid #ddd 2px; margin-left:5px; margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;text-align:center;font-size:0.9em;" title="Magacyada bilaha luqada" |- ! colspan="6" style="background-color:#eeeeee;padding: 1px 5px 1px 5px;" | [[Fiisikis]] <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Arial'">'''''E = m c ²'''''</span> </center> |- | style="width:5px;" | &nbsp; || [[File:PrirodneNauke.svg]] || style="width:12px;" | &nbsp; || || style="width:10px;" | &nbsp; || || style="width:5px;" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp; ||Taariikhda Fiisigiska |} '''Fiisigis''' waa erey [[Giriig]] ah (φύσις) oo macnahiisu yahay [[Dabeecad]] ([[Carabi]]:فيزياء [[Ingiriis]]: Physics) waa cilmiga barashada Maatarka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqiisa ee u dhaxeeyso mudo, sida Ileyska. Kulka, Dhaqdhaqaaqa IWM, Taagta Walxaha Xoog oo la hoos dhigay [[Bed]], ama awooda xoog uu ku hayo qeyb dululaatiga ka mida waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[cadaadis]]. Waxaana cadaadiska lagu suntaa xaraf giriiga, kaasoo ah σ (sigma). σ = F/A [[File:CollageFisica.jpg| thumb|155px |Dhawr sawir oo isugu jira kuwa dabiici ah iyo kuwa lasameeye dhamaanna waxaa lagu bartaa Fisigiska]] Haddii cadaadisku togan yahay waxaa loo yaqaanaa cadaadis kala-jiidan, haddii uu taban yahayna waa cadaadis isku urur. Tusaale:- labo tuubo oo qaab [[dhululubo]] leh kalana ah AB iyo BC, ayaa la iskula alxamay barta B ee jaantuska hoose, kadibna la saaray xoogaga ka muuqda jaantuska. Soosaar laxaadka xooga P, haddii cadaadis kala-jiidanka tuubada AB uu la mid yahay labanlaabka laxaadka cadaadis isku-ururka tuubada BC. [[File:Jan_thumb1.png]] ==Qoraalo La Xidhiidha== *[[Kimisteri]] [[Category:Fiisikis| ]] waa cilmi laku barto fahamka asaasika eh sida (culeyska-awooda-zamanka,waqtika) iyo waxwalbo oo kafarcamo, waa falaqeeynta guud ee dabeecadda, waxana oo kuu sheeygaa fahmaka caalamka ama aduunka aan ku noolnahay. qoraaka: Yusuf shaami ifqg2zqo8itpnxqxz3z568bexvsx5ew 0 5744 299738 265382 2026-06-27T10:11:22Z Videoiib7 46243 299738 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Joe Biden presidential portrait.jpg|thumb|Joe Biden (2021)]] '''Josef Robinet Bayden, Jr.'''<ref>Joseph Robinette Biden, Jr.</ref> oo ku magac dheer '''"Joe" Biden''' ("Jow" Bayden), [[1942]]-11-20, waa madaxweyne ku xigeenka dalka [[Mareykanka]]. ==Haweenaynta siyaasadda== Bayden waxbarashada xeerka sharciga ka baxay jaamacadda Syracuse 1968 ka hor waxaa uu ku shaqeynayay dadaalada sharciga, waxayna sidoo kale ka shaqeynayay barlaman ka dib markii ay uusan ka fogeyn 30-sano (umurka ugu yaraan ee u ogolaanaya inuu ka qeyb qaado barlamaanka). Markaasi waxaa uu ku dhawaaqay qaabka toddobaadkii xalay kadibna waxaa uu la kulmay waddanka Mareykanka. Xilka barlamankaas waxaa uu ahaa guddoomiyaha guud ee [[qaramada sharciga Mareykanka]] iyo [[qaramada arrimaha dibadda Mareykanka]]. ==Doorashooyinka madaxweynaha== Waxaa uu dhashay doorashadii ugu horreeyay ee u ogolaanaya astaanta madaxweyne ee dimuqraadiga 1988, laakiin waxaa ku dhintay Michael Dukakis. Waxaa uu isku dayay inuu ogolaado astaanta madaxweyne ee xisbiyada Demokraadiga ah ee 2008 laakiin iska soo daaday 3 Janaayo 2008 ka dib markii kuwo Iowa ku kulmay waxaa uu diiday. Sanadkii 2008-kii Agoosto, [[Barack Obama]] ayaa Bayden ka dooratay inuu noqdo saaxiibkii xisbigiisa. 4/11/2008-kii, Biden wuxuu ahaa [[Madaxweynaha Kuxigeenka Mareykanka|Madaxweynaha kuxigeenka]]. ==Hayaanka shakhsiga== Bayden wuxuu ku dhashay Neilia (nee Hunter) ilaa intuu dhintay in la xidho dabaqa gaari 1972. Sanadkii 1977-kii wuxuu dhashay Jill Jacobs oo waxbarashada qorista ka helay jameecooyinka Kulliyada Farsamada iyo Bulshada ee [[Delaware]]. ==Falanniinta== {{reflist}} [[Category:Siyaasad]] [[Category:Qaramada Midoobey ee Maraykanka]] i19bknhfq2yshwikpvv37m8v4j54mcy 0 18752 299710 297838 2026-06-27T09:09:33Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 299710 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald John Trump''' (wuxuu dhashay [[Juun]] [[14]], 1946) waa siyaasi [[Mareykan]] ah, shaqsi warbaahin ah, iyo ganacsade ah madaxweynaha 47-aad ee Mareykanka . Xubin ka tirsan Xisbiga Jamhuuriga , wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynihii [[45]]-aad ee [[2017]] ilaa 2021. {{Infobox officeholder | image = Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. THIS IS the new official portrait. See the talk page. --> | alt = Sawirka rasmiga ah ee Madaxweynaha 2025, Donald Trump, oo ah nin caddaan ah oo da’ ah, timo huruud khafiif ah leh, xirta surwaal iyo jaakad buluug ah oo leh surwaal laabta ah, taagan hortiisa calanka Maraykanka. | caption = Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2025. | order = 45aad & 47aad <!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] Waxay lahayd isfaham daciif ah oo lagu sii hayo xaaladda hadda jirta (ma jiro xiriir/ilaha lagu tixraaco).--> | office = Madaxweynaha Maraykanka | vicepresident = [[JD Vance]] | term_start = January 20, 2025 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Joe Biden]] | successor = | vicepresident1 = [[Mike Pence]] | term_start1 = January 20, 2017 | term_end1 = January 20, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Barack Obama]] | successor1 = Joe Biden | birth_name = Donald John Trump | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}} | birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]], U.S. | death_place = | party = [[Xisbiga Jamhuuriga (Mareykanka)|Jamhuuriyaan]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–Hadda) | otherparty = {{ubl | [[Xisbiga Dib-u-habaynta ee Mareykanka|Dib-u-habayn]] (1999–2001) | [[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga (Mareykanka)|Dimuqraadiga]] (2001–2009) | [[Siyaasi madax banaan|Madax banaan]] (2011–2012)}} | spouse = {{ubl | {{marriage|[[Ivana Trump|Ivana Zelníčková]]|1977|1990|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|1993|1999|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]]|2005}} }} | children = {{hlist | [[Donald Trump Jr. |Donald Jr.]] | [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] | [[Eric Trump|Eric]] | [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] | Barron }} | parents = {{ubl | [[Fred Trump]] | [[Mary Anne MacLeod]]}} | relatives = [[Qoyska Trump]] | education = [[Jaamacadda Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Shahaadada Sayniska|BS]]) | occupation = {{hlist | Siyaasi | Ganacsade | Shaqsiga warbaahinta }} | residence = [[Aqalka Cad]] | awards = | signature = Donald Trump (Presidential signature).svg | signature_alt = Saxeexa Donald J. Trump oo qaab farshaxan leh, lagu qoray khad. | website = {{ubl | {{URL|donaldjtrump.com|Campaign website}} | {{URL|trumplibrary.gov|Presidential library}} | {{URL|whitehouse.gov|White House website}} | {{URL|trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov|White House archives}} }} | module = {{Listen voice | filename = Donald Trump speaks on declaration of Covid-19 as a Global Pandemic by the World Health Organization.ogg | description = Trump oo ka hadlay bayaanka [[Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka|Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka]] [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 oo ah cudur faafa caalami ah]] | recorded = Maarso 11, 2020 }} }} Waxa uu ka dhashay qoys qani ah oo ku nool magaalada New York, Trump waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay jaamacadda Pennsylvania [[1968]]-dii isaga oo shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaatay cilmiga dhaqaalaha. Waxa uu noqday madaxweynaha ganacsiga hantida ma-guurtada ah ee qoyskiisa 1971-kii, waxa uu u bixiyay ururka Trump , waxa uuna bilaabay in uu helo oo dhiso dhismayaal dhaadheer, hoteello, casinos, iyo koorsooyin golf. Waxa uu bilaabay ganacsiyo dhinac ah, qaar badan oo shati siinaya magaca Trump, waxana uu xareeyay lix shil oo ganacsi 1990-meeyadii iyo 2000-meeyadii. Laga soo bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2015, wuxuu martigeliyay bandhigga telefishanka dhabta ah ee Tababbarka , isagoo xoojiyay caannimadiisa bilyaneer. Isaga oo isu soo bandhigaya siyaasad dibadda ka ah, Trump ayaa ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016-kii oo uu kula tartamay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary klinton . Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu soo rogay xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah toddobo waddan oo Muslimiin u badan, wuxuu ballaariyay darbiga xuduudka Mexico iyo Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaqan geliyey siyaasadda kala fogeynta qoyska ee xadka. Waxa uu dib u rogay xeerarkii deegaanka iyo ganacsiga, waxa uu saxeexay cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada , waxaanu magacaabay saddex garsoore oo Maxkamadda Sare ah. Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, Trump wuxuu ka saaray Mareykanka heshiisyada cimilada, ganacsiga iyo barnaamijka Nukliyeerka Iran, wuxuuna bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo uu la galo Shiinaha . Isaga oo ka jawaabaya masiibada COVID-19 laga soo bilaabo 2020, wuxuu hoos u dhigay darnaantiisa, wuxuu khilaafay saraakiisha caafimaadka, wuxuuna saxiixay Sharciga CARES . Ka dib markii uu lumiyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2020 ee Joe Biden , Trump wuxuu isku dayay inuu baabi'iyo natiijada , isagoo ku dhamaaday weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol 2021. Waxaa lagu riday 2019 ku takrifal awood iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka, iyo 2021 kicin kicin; guurtidu way ku wayday labada jeerba. 2023, Trump waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay kiisaska madaniga ah ee xadgudubka galmada ( Faylasha Epstein )iyo sumcad-dilista iyo khiyaanada ganacsiga . Waxaa lagu helay dambi ah inuu ka been abuuray diiwaannada ganacsiga 2024, taasoo ka dhigtay inuu noqdo madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Mareykan ah oo lagu helo dambi. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2024 ee Kamala Harris , waxaa lagu xukumay siidayn ciqaab la'aan ah , iyo laba eedeymo dambiile ah oo ka dhan ah haynta dukumentiyada sirta ah iyo carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 ayaa la eryay iyada oo aan eex lahayn. Kiis rafaad ah oo la xidhiidha doorashada 2020 ee Joorjiya waa la sugayaa. Trump wuxuu bilaabay madaxweynanimadiisii ​​labaad isagoo bilaabay shaqo ka cayrin ballaaran oo lagu sameeyay shaqaalaha federaalka . Wuxuu ku soo rogay canshuuraha ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan wadamada heerka ugu sarreeya tan iyo diiqada weyn wuxuuna saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Tallaabooyinka maamulkiisa - oo ay ku jiraan cabsi gelinta mucaaradka siyaasadeed iyo bulshada rayidka ah , masaafurinta soogalootiga, beegsiga dadka jinsiga ah, iyo isticmaalka ballaaran ee amarada fulinta - waxay soo saareen in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo ka soo horjeeda sharcinimadooda . Kiisaska caanka ah waxay hoosta ka xariiqeen tafsiirkiisa ballaadhan ee aragtida fulinta ee midaysan waxayna keentay khilaaf weyn oo lala galo maxkamadaha federaalka. Garsoorayaasha ayaa wax badan oo ka mid ah maamulkiisa ku tilmaamay kuwo sharci darro ah, waxaana dhowr jeer lagu tilmaamay kuwo aan sharciga waafaqsanayn. Laga soo bilaabo 2015, qaabka hoggaamineed ee Trump iyo ajandihiisa siyaasadeed - oo inta badan loo yaqaan Trumpism - ayaa wax ka beddelay aqoonsiga xisbiga Jamhuuriga. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinkiisa iyo ficilladiisa ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsuri ama caqli-xumo, wuxuuna sameeyay hadallo been abuur ah ama marin-habaabin ah wuxuuna kor u qaaday aragtiyaha shirqoolka heer aan horay looga baran siyaasadda Mareykanka. Tallaabooyinka Trump, gaar ahaan markiisa labaad, ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay ahaayeen kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geystay dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ka dib, aqoonyahanno iyo taariikhyahannadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen inuu yahay mid ka mid ah madaxweynayaashii ugu xumaa taariikhda Mareykanka Eedayno badana Waxa Loogu Soo jeediyay Dagaalkii Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan Iyo Difaaciisi Israa'iil iyo Carabta Bariga dhexe . ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== [[File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg|thumb|Akadeemiyada Militariga ee New York , 1964]] Donald John Trump waxa uu ku dhashay June 14, 1946, waxa uu ku dhashay cisbitaalka Jamaica ee ku yaala degmada New York ee degmada Queens , waana ilmihii afraad ee Fred Trump iyo Mary Anne MacLeod Trump . Waa Jarmal iyo Iskotish. Wuxuu ku koray walaalihiis ka weyn, Maryanne , Fred Jr. , iyo Elizabeth, iyo walaalkiis ka yar, Robert , oo ku yaal guri 23-qol ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Jamaica Estates ee Queens. Fred Trump wuxuu caruurtiisa siin jiray midkiiba $20,000 sanadkii, una dhiganta $265,000 sanadkii 2024. Trump wuxuu ahaa milyaneer doolarka sicir-bararka lagu hagaajiyay markuu siddeed jir ahaa. Trump wuxuu dhiganayay dugsiga gaarka loo leeyahay ee Kew-Forest ilaa fasalka toddobaad. Wuxuu ahaa ilmo dhib badan, wuxuuna muujiyay xiisaha hore ee ganacsiga aabihiis. Aabihii waxa uu ka diwaan galiyay New York Military Academy , dugsi boodhin ah oo gaar loo leeyahay, si uu u dhamaysto dugsiga sare. Akadeemiyadda ayaa ku riixday ardayda ciyaaraha isboortiga. waxayna bareen muhiimada guusha. Dugsigii sare, darajooyinkiisu way fiicnaadeen ilaa celceliska B. Trump wuxuu tixgeliyey xirfad ganacsi oo muujinaya, laakiin halkii, si uu ugu dhawaado guriga, wuxuu iska diiwaan geliyay Jaamacadda Fordham 1964. Waxa uu ka qaybqaatay barnaamijka Tababarka Saraakiisha Kaydka ah intii lagu jiray sannadkiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, isagoo dhiganayay fasallo ku labisan dharka ciidamada Arbacada kasta, laakiin wuxuu tuuray sannadkiisii ​​labaad. Wuxuu tuuray kubbadda cagta seddex ama afar usbuuc ka dib wuxuuna ahaa kubbadda cagta dhexdhexaad ah iyo ciyaartoy tennis ah. Asxaabtiisa Fordham waxay ku bareen golf. Sannadkiisii ​​yaraa, wuxuu u wareegay Dugsiga Wharton ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania , inta badan wuxuu u safri jiray xafiiska aabbihiis maalmaha fasaxa ah, wuxuuna ka qalin jabiyay Maajo 1968 oo uu ka qaatay shahaadada Sayniska ee dhaqaalaha. Kulliyadda ma ahayn ardaygii ugu sarreeyay ee uu mararka qaarkood sheegan jiray. Waqtigii uu aaday Wharton-halkaas oo uusan ka muuqan liiska kuwa hela abaalmarinta - wuxuu isha ku hayay xirfad ku taal hantida maguurtada ah. Waxa laga reebay qabyo-qoraalka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Vietnam sababtoo ah sheegashada lafaha cidhibtiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee shan sano oo uu ku jiray dugsiga milatariga, wax dan ah uma lahayn inuu dagaal galo. Koritaanka, wuxuu tixgeliyey aabbihiis iyo wadaadka qoyska, Norman Vincent Peale , inuu noqdo lataliyeyaashiisa. Aabihiis wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu yahay "boqor" iyo inuu yahay "dilaaye". Peale wuxuu ku wacdiyey isku kalsoonida sida dhiirigelinta barwaaqada. ==Xirfad ganacsi== ===Hanti ma guurto ah=== Laga bilaabo 1968, Trump waxa uu ka shaqaaleysiiyay Maareynta Trump, shirkadda aabbihiis ee hantida maguurtada ah, taas oo maamusha dhismayaasha dabaqyada dhexe ee Fred uu ka dhisay Queens , Staten Island , iyo Brooklyn . Hawlihiisa ugu muhiimsan waxay ahaayeen ururinta kirada iyo hagaajinta ilaa shan sano. Isagoo soo jiidasho leh iyo qaninimadiisa, Trump wuxuu ka codsaday aabihiis inuu ku ballaariyo Manhattan halkaas oo qiimihiisu sarreeyo, laakiin aabihiis ayaa ku qanacsanaa xaafadaha dibadda. 1971, wuxuu u guuray Manhattan halkaas oo uu qorsheeyay inuu u guuro ganacsiga wuxuuna u socdaalay xafiiska aabihiis. Sannadkaas, aabihiis wuxuu naftiisa ka dhigay guddoomiye iyo madaxweyne Trump, isaga oo kormeeraya 48 shirkadood oo gaar ah iyo 15 iskaashiga qoyska. Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ururka Trump u isticmaalo dalad ahaan magacyada shirkadaha ganacsi ee aabihiis. Roy Cohn , saamaynta hore ee Trump ee ugu muhiimsan aabihiis ka dib, wuxuu ahaa hagaajintiisa , qareenka, iyo lataliye. sannadihii 13 ee 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii. Cohn wuxuu baray Trump inuu u maleeyo in noloshu tahay macaamil ganacsi. 1973, Cohn wuxuu ka caawiyay Trump inuu ka soo horjeesto dawladda Mareykanka $ 100 milyan (oo u dhiganta $ 708 milyan 2024. eedeymaha ah in guryaha Trump ay takooreen codsadeyaasha madow iyo kireystayaasha. Eedihii Trump waa la laalay, waxaana kiiskii dawladda lagu dhameeyey Trumps oo saxeexay amar oggolaansho oo oggolaaday in meesha laga saaro. Afar sano ka dib, Trumps ayaa mar kale wajahay maxkamadaha markii lagu helay inay diidaan wareegtada. Caawinta mashaariicda Trump, Cohn wuxuu ahaa consigliere kaas oo isku xirka Mafia ay gacanta ku hayaan ururrada dhismaha. Sannadkii 1979-kii, Cohn wuxuu Trump u soo bandhigay la-taliyaha siyaasadda Roger Stone , kaasoo qoray adeegyada Stone si uu ula macaamilo dowladda federaalka. Trump waxa uu ka guuray istuudiyaha isaga oo u guuray guri guri leh oo aragti ah waxa uuna helay shatiga dilaalnimada guryaha bartamihii 1970-meeyadii. Kahor da'da soddon sano, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaankiisa dacwadda, iyada oo aan loo eegin natiijada iyo kharashka; xitaa markii laga badiyay, wuxuu kiiska ku tilmaamay guul. In ka badan soddon sano laga soo bilaabo 2018, Trump wuxuu ku lug lahaa in ka badan 4,000 oo dacwado ah, deymo, iyo faylalyo kale, oo inta badan loo xareeyay lacag la'aan isaga oo ka soo horjeeda shaqaalaha, qandaraaslayaasha, dilaaliinta guryaha, iyo qareenadiisa. Intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009 , Trump wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix ka mid ah ganacsigiisa: Plaza Hotel ee Manhattan, casinos ee Atlantic City, New Jersey , iyo Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts company. Sannadkii 1992, Trump, walaalihiis Maryanne, Elizabeth, iyo Robert, iyo ina-adeerkiis John W. Walter waxay samaysteen All County Building Supply & Maintenance Corp, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay 20 boqolkiiba. Shirkaddu ma lahayn xafiisyo waxaana lagu eedeeyay inay ahayd shirkad qolof ah oo bixisa bixinta adeegyada iyo saadka guryaha kiraynta Trump, ka dibna biilasha adeegyadaas iyo sahayda Maamulka Trump u dhigma 20-50 boqolkiiba iyo ka badan. Milkiilayaasha ayaa wadaagay dakhliga ka soo xarooday calaamaduhu. Kharashka la kordhiyey waxa loo isticmaalay in lagu helo ogolaanshaha gobolka ee kordhinta kirada unugyadiisa kirada-degan. Bishii Janaayo 1994, walaalaha waxay samaysteen Apartment Management Associates waxayna la wareegeen khidmadaha maaraynta ee ay hore u qaadi jirtay Maamulka Trump. Sidoo kale sicir-bararka kirada, qorshayaasha ayaa u adeegay in lagu wareejiyo hantida Fred Trump caruurtiisa iyo adeerka oo hoos loo dhigo culeyska canshuurta. ===Manhattan iyo Chicago horumarka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_with_model_of_Television_City.jpg|thumb|1985-kii oo wata moodal ka mid ah mashruuciisii ​​horumarinta Manhattan ee la soo riday ]] Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha dadweynaha 1978-dii markii uu bilaabay qoyskisa ganacsigii ugu horreeyay ee Manhattan: dib u cusboonaysiinta hudheelka Commodore ee burburay , oo ku dheggan Grand Central Terminal. Maalgelinta waxa fududeeyey $400 milyan oo cashuur dhimis ah oo hantida magaalada ah oo uu u habeeyey isaga oo uu aabbihiis u habeeyey kaas oo sidoo kale, si wada jir ah ula Hyatt , u dammaanad qaaday $70 milyan amaah dhismaha bangiga ah. Hudheelka ayaa dib loo furay 1980-kii isagoo ah Grand Hyatt Hotel , isla sanadkaas, wuxuu helay xuquuq uu ku horumarinayo Trump Tower , oo ah dhismo isku dhafan oo ku yaal Midtown Manhattan. Dhismuhu wuxuu ku yaalaa xarunta dhexe ee Trump Corporation iyo Trump's PAC wuxuuna ahaa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ilaa 2019. 1988, Trump wuxuu ku iibsaday Plaza Hotel isagoo dayn ka helay shirkado ay leeyihiin 16 bangi. Hudheelka ayaa loo gudbiyay ilaalinta musalsalka 1992, waxaana la ansixiyay qorshe dib-u-habayn bil ka dib, iyadoo bangiyada ay la wareegayaan hantida. Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu iska diiday in ka badan $3 bilyan oo deymo bangi ah, amaah-bixiyayaashuna waxay la wareegeen Hotel Plaza oo ay la socdaan badi hantidiisa kale "dib u habeyn ballaaran oo bahdilaad ah" taasoo u ogolaatay inuu ka fogaado khasaare shakhsi ah. Qareenka hogaanka bangiga ayaa sheegay go'aanka bangiyada in "dhammaan waxay isku raaceen in uu ka nolol fiicnaan lahaa dhimashada". Sannadkii 1996-kii, Trump waxa uu la wareegay oo dib u habayn ku sameeyay dhisme 71 dabaq ah oo inta badan bannaanaa oo ku yaalla 40 Wall Street , oo markii dambe loo beddelay Dhismaha Trump. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, wuxuu ku guuleystay xaqa uu u leeyahay inuu horumariyo dhul 70-acre (28 ha) ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Lincoln Square ee u dhow webiga Hudson. Isagoo ku dhibtoonaya deynta ganacsiyada kale ee 1994, wuxuu ka iibiyay inta badan danihiisa mashruuca maalgashadayaasha Aasiya, kuwaas oo maalgeliyay dhamaystirka mashruuca, Riverside South . Mashruucii ugu dambeeyay ee Trump ee dhismaha wuxuu ahaa 92-dabaq ee isku dhafan ee isticmaalka Trump International Hotel iyo Tower ee Chicago, kaas oo la furay 2008. 2024, The New York Times iyo ProPublica ayaa sheegay in Adeegga Dakhliga Gudaha uu baarayay haddii uu laba jeer qoray khasaaraha soo gaaray iyada oo loo marayo kharashka dhismaha iyo iibinta iibinta guryaha yar ee dib u celinta 8. ===casinos Atlantic magaalada=== [[File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg|thumb|Galitaanka Trump Taj Mahal ee Atlantic magaalada]] 1984, Trump wuxuu Harrah ka furay Trump Plaza , hudheel iyo casino, iyada oo maalgelin iyo caawimo maamul ay ka heshay Shirkadda Holiday . Waxay ahayd mid aan faa'iido lahayn, wuxuuna bixiyay Holiday $ 70 milyan bishii Maajo 1986 si uu keligiis u maamulo.  Sannadkii 1985-kii, waxa uu iibsaday hudheelka Atlantic City Hilton oo aan la furin oo uu u beddelay qalcadda Trump . Labada casinos waxay xareeyeen cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta 1992.  Trump wuxuu iibsaday goobta saddexaad ee Atlantic City 1988, Trump Taj Mahal . Waxaa lagu maalgeliyay $675 milyan oo doollar oo junk bonds ah waxaana lagu dhammeeyey $1.1 bilyan, oo la furay Abriil 1990. Waxa uu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta ee 1991. Sida ku cad qodobbada heshiiska dib-u-qaabaynta, waxa uu ka tanaasulay kala badh saamigiisii ​​hore oo shakhsi ahaan dammaanad qaaday waxqabadka mustaqbalka. Si uu u dhimo $900 milyan ee daynta gaarka ah, waxa uu iibiyay diyaaradda Trump Shuttle ; megayacht, Princess Trump , kaas oo laga kireeyay casinoskiisa oo lagu hayo; iyo ganacsiyo kale.  Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), kaas oo qaatay lahaanshaha Trump Plaza.  THCR waxa ay iibsatay Taj Mahal iyo Qasriga Trump 1996 waxana uu kacay 2004 iyo 2009, isaga oo ka tagay lahaanshaha boqolkiiba 10. Waxa uu ahaa guddoomiyaha ilaa 2009. ===Naadiyada Golf-ka=== Sanadkii 1985, Trump wuxuu la wareegay dhismaha Mar-a-Lago ee Palm Beach, Florida. Sannadkii 1995-kii, wuxuu u beddelay hantidii koox gaar ah oo leh lacag bilaw ah iyo kharashyo sannadle ah. Wuxuu sii waday inuu u isticmaalo baalka guriga sidii guri gaar ah. Waxa uu ku dhawaaqay naadigiisa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ee 2019. Waxa uu bilaabay dhisidda iyo iibsiga koorsooyinka golf- ka 1999-kii, isaga oo haysta 17 koorso golf ah 2016. ===Shati siinta magaca Trump=== Ururka Trump wuxuu inta badan shati u siiyay magaca Trump ee badeecadaha iyo adeegyada macaamiisha, oo ay ku jiraan cuntooyinka, dharka, koorasyada waxbarashada, iyo alaabta guriga. In ka badan 50 heshiisyada shatiga ama maamulka ayaa ku lug lahaa magaca Trump, isaga oo u soo saaray ugu yaraan $59 milyan shirkadihiisa. Sannadkii 2018, kaliya laba shirkadood oo alaabta macaamiisha ah ayaa sii waday inay sii wataan shatiga magaciisa. Intii lagu jiray 2000-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu magaciisa shati u siiyay horumarinta guryaha la dego ee adduunka oo dhan, 40 kuwaas oo aan waligood la dhisin. ===Dhaqdhaqaaqyada dhinaca=== [[File:Donald_Trump_and_Doug_Flutie_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Trump_Tower.jpg|thumb|1985 New Jersey Generals shir jaraa'id ee Trump Tower]] Sannadkii 1970-kii, Trump waxa uu galiyay $70,000 oo hantida aabbihiis ah si uu u helo biilasha isaga oo ka mid ah soo saaraha majaajilada Broadway-waxana uu lumiyay lacagtii. Ka dib markii uu u sameeyay dalabyo kubbadda hoose ee New York Mets iyo kooxihii Cleveland Indians baseball, 1983 ilaa $6 milyan, wuxuu iibsaday New Jersey Generals , koox ka tirsan Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Mareykanka . Horyaalka ayaa isku laabmay ka dib xilli ciyaareedkii 1985, oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku daygiisa inuu u guuro jadwalka dayrta (marka ay la tartami lahayd Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Qaranka ee dhagaystayaasha) iyo isku daygiisii ​​ahaa inuu ku qasbo ku biirista NFL isagoo keenaya suudh liddi ku ah. Trump iyo Hotelkiisa Plaza waxa ay marti galiyeen dhowr ciyaarood oo feerka ah hoolka shirarka ee Atlantic City Convention Hall . 1989 iyo 1990, wuxuu magaciisa ku siiyay tartanka tartanka baaskiilka ee Tour de Trump , isku dayga uu ku abuurayo Maraykan u dhigma jinsiyadaha Yurub sida Tour de France ama Giro d'Italia . Laga soo bilaabo 1986 ilaa 1988, wuxuu iibsaday qaybo badan oo saamiyo ah shirkado kala duwan oo dawladeed isagoo soo jeediyay inuu damacsan yahay inuu la wareego shirkadda kadibna uu iibiyo saamigiisa faa'iido, taasoo keentay in dadka indha indheeya ay u maleynayaan inuu ku hawlan yahay ganacsiga cagaaran .waqtiga New York waxay ogaatay in uu markii hore malaayiin doolar ku sameeyay macaamil ganacsi oo noocaas ah, laakiin "luminaya inta badan, haddii aysan ahayn dhammaan, faa'iidooyinkaas ka dib markii maalgashadayaasha ay joojiyeen in ay si dhab ah u qaataan hadalkiisa". [[File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG|thumb|Xiddiga Trump ee Socodka caanka ah ee Hollywood]] 1988, Trump waxa uu iibsaday Shuttle-ka Diyaaradaha ee Bari , isaga oo ku maal-geliyay iibsiga $380 milyan (oo u dhiganta $1.01 bilyan ee 2024 oo amaah ah oo ka socota bangiyada 22. Waxa uu u beddelay shirkadda duulimaadka ee Trump Shuttle waxana uu ku shaqaynayey ilaa 1992. Waxa uu diiday deymihiisii ​​1991-kii, lahaanshahana waxa uu u gudbay bangiyada. 1996-kii, wuxuu soo iibsaday Miss Universe pageants, oo ay ku jiraan Miss USA iyo Miss Teen USA . Sababtoo ah khilaafyada CBS ee ku saabsan jadwalka, wuxuu u qaaday labada bog ee NBC ee 2002. 2007, wuxuu helay xiddig ku socda Hollywood Walk of Fame shaqadiisa soo saaraha Miss Universe. NBC iyo Univision waxay hoos u dhigeen boggaga bishii Juun 2015 iyaga oo ka falcelinaya faallooyinkiisa ku saabsan soogalootiga Mexico. Sannadkii 2005, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Jaamacadda Trump , oo ah shirkad iibisa siminaarada guryaha ilaa $35,000. Ka dib markii maamulka Gobolka New York ay ku wargaliyeen shirkadda in isticmaalkeeda "jaamacad" ay jabisay sharciga gobolka (maadaama aysan ahayn machad akadeemiyadeed), magaceeda waxaa loo beddelay Trump Entrepreneur Initiative 2010. Sannadkii 2013, Gobolka New York wuxuu gudbiyay $ 40 milyan dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Jaamacadda Trump, isagoo ku eedeeyay in shirkadu ay samaysay hadallo been abuur ah oo ay khiyaanaysay macaamiisha. Intaa waxaa dheer, laba tallaabo oo heer caalami ah ayaa laga gudbiyay maxkamad federaali ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyo shirkadihiisa. Dukumiintiyo gudaha ah ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in shaqaalaha lagu amray inay adeegsadaan qaab si adag loo iibiyo, waxaana shaqaalihii hore ay caddeeyeen in jaamacadda Trump ay khiyaameysay ama been u sheegtay ardaydeeda. Wax yar ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016, wuxuu ogolaaday inuu bixiyo wadarta $ 25 milyan si loo xalliyo saddexda kiis. ===Aasaaska=== Donald J. Trump Foundation wuxuu ahaa aasaaska gaarka ah ee la aasaasay 1988. Laga soo bilaabo 1987 ilaa 2006, Trump wuxuu siiyay aasaaskiisa $ 5.4 milyan, taas oo ku baxday dhammaadkii 2006 . Vince McMahon . Aasaaska ayaa la siiyay samafalka caafimaadka- iyo isboortiga la xiriira, kooxaha muxaafidka ah, iyo samafal oo qabtay munaasabadaha guryaha Trump. Sannadkii 2016, The Washington Post ayaa sheegtay in hay'ad samafal ahi ay geysatay dhowr xadgudubyo xagga sharciga iyo anshaxa ah, oo ay ku jiraan is-wax-ka-qabasho iyo canshuur lunsi . Sidoo kale 2016, xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York ayaa sheegay in aasaaska uu ku xad-gudbay sharciga gobolka iyadoo la codsanayo deeqaha iyada oo aan la soo gudbin xisaab-celinta dibadda ee sannadlaha ah ee loo baahan yahay oo uu ku amray inay joojiso hawlaheeda lacag-ururinta ee New York isla markiiba. Kooxda Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay December 2016 in aasaaska la burburin doono. Bishii Juun 2018, xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York wuxuu gudbiyay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah aasaaska, Trump, iyo caruurtiisa qaangaarka, iyagoo raadinaya $2.8 milyan oo magdhow ah iyo ganaaxyo dheeraad ah. Bishii Diseembar 2018, aasaaska shaqada wuu joojiyay oo wuxuu u qaybiyay hantidiisa hay'ado kale oo samafal ah. ]Bishii Noofambar 2019, garsooraha gobolka New York ayaa ku amray Trump inuu bixiyo $2 milyan oo doolar koox samafal ah oo si khaldan u isticmaalay lacagaha mu'asasada, qayb ahaan si loo maalgeliyo ololihiisa madaxtinimo. ===Arrimaha sharciga iyo kacsiga=== Marka loo eego dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyay faylalka maxkamadda gobolka iyo federaalka oo ay samaysay USA Today sanadkii 2018, Trump iyo ganacsigiisu waxay ku lug lahaayeen in ka badan 4,000 oo tallaabo sharci oo heer gobol iyo federaal ah. Inkastoo uusan u xarayn kicinta shakhsi ahaaneed , ganacsigiisa hudheelka iyo casinos ee Atlantic City iyo New York wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix jeer intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009. Waxay sii wadeen inay shaqeeyaan halka bangiyada ay dib u habeyn ku sameeyeen deynta waxayna yareeyeen saamiyadiisa guryaha. Intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii, in ka badan 70 bangi ayaa Trump amaahiyay $4 bilyan. Ka dib markii uu kacday shirkaddiisa horraantii 1990-meeyadii, bangiyada ugu waaweyn, marka laga reebo Deutsche Bank , waxay diideen inay amaahiyaan isaga. Ka dib weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol , bangigu wuxuu go'aansaday inuusan ganacsi la samayn isaga ama shirkadiisa xiriirka la leh mustaqbalka. ===Maalka=== [[File:State Visit of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia State Dinner Receiving Line with Ivana Trump and Donald Trump in East Room - DPLA - 1a44d05819eab8ba3dcf7a6883ad92ba.jpg|thumb|Trump (midigta midig) iyo xaaskiisa Ivana oo 1985-kii casho sharaf dawladeed u sameeyey Boqor Fahad ee Sacuudi Carabiya oo ay la yeesheen Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan iyo Marwada Koowaad ee Nancy Reagan]] Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu shaqadiisa ku bilaabay “amaah yar oo hal milyan oo dollar ah” oo uu aabihii ka helay oo ay ahayd in uu dib ugu bixiyo ribo. Waxa uu ka amaahday ugu yaraan $60 milyan aabbihii, inta badan ma bixin deymihii, oo waxa uu ka helay $413 milyan oo kale (2018 u dhiganta, oo loo habeeyey sicir bararka) shirkadda aabihiis.  Isaga oo iska dhigaya sarkaal ka tirsan Ururka Trump oo lagu magacaabo " John Barron ", Trump wuxuu wacay saxafiga Jonathan Greenberg 1984, isagoo isku dayaya inuu darajo sare ka helo liiska Forbes 400 ee hodanka Mareykanka. Trump wuxuu iskiis u sheegay qiimihiisa saafiga ah: laga jaray $900 milyan 1990  ilaa $10 bilyan 2015. Sannadkii 2015, Forbes wuxuu ku qiyaasay hantidiisa $4.5 bilyan, iyadoo lagu salaynayo waraysiyo lala yeeshay in ka badan 80 ilo. Sannadkii 2025, majaladda ayaa ku qiyaastay hantidiisa $5.1 bilyan waxayna ku qiimeysay qofka 700-aad ee ugu qanisan adduunka. ==Xirfadda warbaahinta== Trump waxa uu daabacay 19 buug oo magaciisa ku qoran, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay qoreen ama ay qoreen kuwa wax qora . Buugiisi ugu horeeyay, The Art of the Deal (1987), waxa uu ahaa New York Times iibiyaha ugu fiican , waxaana lagu tiriyaa New Yorker in uu Trump ka dhigay mid caan ku ah "astaanta maalqabeenada guulaystay". Buugga waxaa qoray Tony Schwartz , kaas oo loo aqoonsan yahay qoraaga. Trump wuxuu lahaa muuqaalo filimaan badan iyo bandhigyo telefishan laga soo bilaabo 1985 ilaa 2001 . Wuxuu si goos-goos ah ugu soo muuqday shirkadda legdinta ee WWE laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii oo ay ku jiraan WrestleMania 23 ee 2007. Laga bilaabo 1990-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu u muuqday 24 jeer isagoo marti ku ah bandhigga Howard Stern Show ee qaranka . Waxa uu lahaa barnaamij sheeko gaaban oo raadiyaha ah, Trumped! , laga bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2008. Laga soo bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2015, wuxuu ahaa faallooyinka martida ee Fox & Friends . Sannadkii 2021, Trump, oo xubin ka ahaa tan iyo 1989, wuu iska casilay SAG-AFTRA si uu uga fogaado dhageysiga edbinta ee ku saabsan weerarkii Janaayo 6. Laba maalmood ka dib, ururka shaqaalaha ayaa si joogto ah u diiday isaga. ===Tababbarka iyo Xirfadlaha caanka ah=== Soo saaraha Mark Burnett ayaa Trump ka dhigay xiddig telefishan ah markii uu abuuray The Apprentice , kaas oo Trump uu martigeliyay 2004 ilaa 2015 (oo ay ku jiraan kala duwanaanshaha The Celebrity Apprentice ). Bandhigyada, waxa uu ahaa madaxa fulinta sare oo meesha ka saaray tartamayaasha odhaahda " waad cayrisay". The New York Times ayaa ugu yeedhay sawirkiisa "mid aad u faanaysi badan, oo aad u khayaali ah" naftiisa. Bandhigyadu waxay dib u dhigeen sawirka Trump malaayiin daawadayaal ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. Heshiisyada shatiga ee la xidhiidha, waxay kasbadeen in ka badan $400 milyan. ==Himilooyinka siyaasadeed ee hore== Trump wuxuu ka diiwaan gashan yahay Jamhuuriya ahaan Queens 1969 iyo Manhattan 1987; xubin ka mid ah Xisbiga Madaxbanaanida , gobolka New York ee xisbiga Reform Party , 1999; Dimuqraadiyiintii 2001 ; Jamhuuriyaddii 2009; aan xiriir la lahayn 2011; iyo Jamhuuriya 2012 [[File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor.jpg|thumb|Isagoo ka hadlaya CPAC , Febraayo 2011]] 1987, Trump wuxuu xayeysiisyo bog buuxa ah ku dhejiyay wargeysyada waaweyn oo muujinaya aragtidiisa ku aaddan siyaasadda dibadda iyo sida loo tirtiro hoos u dhaca miisaaniyadda federaalka. Sannadkii 1988-kii, waxa uu la xidhiidhay Lee Atwater , isaga oo waydiisanaya in la tixgeliyo in uu yahay musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga ee George HW Bush . Bush wuxuu codsigaas u helay "mid qariib ah oo aan la rumaysan karin". Trump waxa uu ahaa musharrax 2000 ee xisbiga Reform Party ee horudhaca madaxtinnimada saddex bilood ka hor inta uusan ka tanaasulin Febraayo 2000 . Waxa uu ka hadlay shirkii waxqabadka siyaasadda ee muxaafidka bishii Febraayo, wuxuuna khudbado ka jeediyay gobollada horudhaca ah ee horudhaca ah. Bishii Maajo 2011, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuusan tartami doonin ==2016 doorashada madaxweynaha== Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay inuu u sharaxan yahay doorashada 2016 June 2015. Waxa uu u ololeeyay sidii maalqabeen, ganacsade guul leh iyo shisheeye aan khibrad siyaasadeed lahayn, wuxuuna ku andacoodey in warbaahintu u xaglinayso isaga. Hadaladiisa ol'olaha badanaa waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan caddayn oo soo jeedin ah, iyo lambarka rikoodhku waa been. Waxa uu noqday murashaxa ugu horreeya ee Jamhuuriga bishii March 2016 waxaana lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay musharaxa Jamhuuriga ee la malaynayo bishii May [[File:Donald_Trump_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg|thumb|Ololaha Arizona, Maarso 2016]] Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay NATO mid "dhacday" iyo aragtiyo la isku halleyn karo oo lagu tilmaamay Washington Post inay yihiin kuwo aan dhexdhexaad ahayn iyo ilaalin . Ololihiisa ololaha wuxuu xooga saaray dib u gorgortanka xiriirka US-China iyo heshiisyada ganacsiga xorta ah sida NAFTA iyo si adag u dhaqan gelinta sharciyada socdaalka. Jagooyinka kale ee ololaha waxaa ka mid ah raadinta madaxbannaanida tamarta iyada oo ka soo horjeeda xeerarka isbeddelka cimilada, casriyeynta adeegyada loogu talagalay halyeeyada , baabi'inta iyo beddelka sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo , baabi'inta heerarka waxbarashada aasaasiga ah , maalgelinta kaabayaasha , fududaynta koodhka canshuurta iyada oo la dhimayo canshuuraha, iyo ku soo rogida canshuuraha soo dejinta ee shirkadaha ka shaqeeya xeebaha. Waxa uu ku taliyey in la kordhiyo kharashaadka milatariga iyo in si xad dhaaf ah loo baadho ama laga mamnuuco soogalootiga dalalka Muslimka u badan. Waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu darbi ka dhisayo xudduudda Mexico iyo Maraykanka, waxa uuna wacad ku maray in Mexico ay bixin doonto kharashka. Wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu masaafurin doono malaayiin muhaajiriin sharci darro ah oo ku nool Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaleeceeyay dhalashada dhalashada inuu dhiirigelinayo " carruurta barroosinka ah ". Sida laga soo xigtay falanqaynta Sayniska Siyaasadda ee Quarterly , Trump wuxuu sameeyay "ras-raac cad oo cunsurinimo iyo jinsiyeed ah si uu uga guuleysto codbixiyayaasha cadaanka ah" intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxtinimada ee 2016. Gaar ahaan, khudbadiisii ​​ololaha ololaha ayaa soo jiidatay dhaleeceyn ku aaddan sheegashada muhaajiriinta reer Mexico "waxay keeneen daroogo, waxay keeneen dambi, waa kufsi"; oo ka jawaabaya, NBC waxay ka eriday Xirfadlaha caanka ah . Warbixinada Trump ee FEC ee looga baahan yahay ayaa ku taxay hantida ka sareysa $1.4 bilyan iyo deymaha taagan ee ugu yaraan $315 milyan. Ma uusan sii deyn canshuur celintiisa , taasoo lid ku ah dhaqanka musharax kasta oo weyn tan iyo 1976 iyo ballanqaadkiisii ​​2014 iyo 2015 inuu sidaas sameyn doono haddii uu u tartamo jagada. ( 166 ) Wuxuu sheegay in canshuur celintiisa la baarayo , qareennadiisuna ay kula taliyeen inuusan sii deyn. Kadib dagaal dheer oo maxkamadeed oo lagu joojinayo sii deynta canshuur celintiisa iyo diiwaanada kale ee qareenka degmada Manhattan si loogu sameeyo dambi baaris, oo ay ku jiraan laba racfaan oo uu Trump u gudbiyay Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka , Febraayo 2021 maxkamadda sare waxay ogolaatay in diiwaannada loo sii daayo dacwad oogaha si ay u eegaan xeerbeegti weyn. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, qaybo ka mid ah dacwadaha gobolka Trump ee 1995 ayaa loo siidaayay wariye ka socda New York Times . Waxay muujinayaan inuu ku dhawaaqay inuu khasaaray $ 916 milyan sanadkaas, taas oo u ogolaan karta inuu ka fogaado canshuuraha ilaa 18 sano. Trump ayaa ku guuleystay 306 cod oo la ballanqaaday halka 232 ay heshay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary Clinton . Ka dib markii doorashadi labada dhinac ay ka baxeen , tirinta rasmiga ah waxay ahayd 304 ilaa 227 . Waxa uu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan ka mid ahayn ciidamada, mana qaban wax xafiis dawladeed ka hor inta uusan noqon madaxweynaha. Doorashadiisu waxay calaamad u ahayd soo noqoshada dawlad Jamhuuriya oo aan qaybsanayn . Guusha Trump waxay dhalisay mudaaharaadyo ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Maraykanka ==Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay (2017-2021)== [[File:Donald_Trump_swearing_in_ceremony.jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , oo uu maamulayo madaxa cadaalada John G. Roberts Jr. , Janaayo 20, 2017]] [[File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg|thumb|Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2017]] ===Ficilada hore=== Trump ayaa la caleemasaaray Janaayo 20, 2017. Maalin ka dib markii la caleemasaaray, qiyaastii 2.6 milyan oo qof oo adduunka ah, oo ay ku jiraan 500,000 oo ku nool Washington, DC, ayaa mudaaharaad ka dhan ah isaga oo ka qeyb qaatay socodkii haweenka . Intii lagu guda jiray usbuucii ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump wuxuu saxiixay lix amar fulineed , oo ay ku jiraan oggolaanshaha habraacyada baabi'inta sharciga ilaalinta bukaanka iyo daryeelka la awoodi karo ("Obamacare"), ka noqoshada wada-xaajoodka iskaashiga Trans-Pacific, horumarinta mashaariicda Keystone XL iyo Dakota Access Pipeline , iyo qorsheynta darbiga xadka Maraykanka ee Mexico. ===Isku dhacyada xiisaha=== Ka hor inta aan la caleema-saarin, Trump wuxuu ganacsigiisa u raray kalsooni la burin karo , halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa kalsooni indho la'aan ama habayn u dhigma "si uu naftiisa uga gooyo danihiisa ganacsi". Wuxuu sii waday inuu ka faa'iidaysto ganacsigiisa wuxuuna ogaa sida siyaasadda maamulkiisu u saamaysay. Inkasta oo uu sheegay in uu ka fogaan doono "heshiisyada cusub ee ajnabiga ah", Ururka Trump wuxuu dabagalay ballaarinta hawlgalka ee Scotland, Dubai, iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dominican. ​​Lobbyists, saraakiisha dawladda shisheeye, deeq-bixiyeyaasha Trump iyo xulafadooda ayaa boqolaal milyan oo doolar u soo ururiyay goobihiisa dalxiiska iyo hoteellada. Trump ayaa lagu dacweeyay inuu ku xad-gudbay Qodobbada Emoluments Gudaha iyo Dibadda ee Dastuurka Mareykanka , markii ugu horreysay ee qodobbada si cad loo dacweeyay. Hal kiis ayaa lagu diiday maxkamadda hoose. Labo ayaa Maxkamadda Sare ay shaqada ka cayrisay ka dib markii uu xilka qabtay. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu ugu deeqayo mushaharkiisa madaxtinnimo iyo faa'iidada uu ka helo dammaanadda shisheeye ee dawladda Maraykanka. Waxa uu ugu deeqay mushaharkiisa hay'adaha federaalka waxana uu dacaayadeeyay deeq kasta ilaa Juulay 2020. Wakaaladaha federaaliga ah ee ay sahamisay The Washington Post bishii Luulyo 2021 waxa ay sheegeen in aanay wax hadiyad ah helin wixii ka dambeeyay bishaas. Muwaadiniinta Mas'uuliyadda iyo Anshaxa ee Washington ayaa sheegay 2024 inuu ku deeqay $448,000 oo lagu qiyaasay $13.6 milyan oo lacag ah oo uu ka helay dawlado shisheeye muddadiisii ​​ugu horreysay. ===Siyaasadda gudaha=== Trump wuxuu xafiiska la wareegay meesha ugu sarreysa ballaarinta dhaqaale ee ugu dheer taariikhda Mareykanka, kaasoo bilaabmay 2009 oo socday ilaa Febraayo 2020, markii hoos u dhaca COVID-19 uu bilaabmay. Bishii Disembar 2017, wuxuu saxiixay Sharciga dhimista Canshuuraha iyo Shaqada ee 2017 . Waxay hoos u dhigtay qiimaha cashuuraha ee ganacsiyada iyo shakhsiyaadka waxayna meesha ka saartay ciqaabtii la xidhiidhay sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo . Maamulka Trump ayaa ku andacoonaya in ficilku aanu hoos u dhigi doonin dakhliga dawladda, laakiin dakhliga 2018 ayaa 7.6 boqolkiiba ka hooseeya saadaasha. Marka loo eego Trump, hoos u dhaca miisaaniyada federaalku wuxuu kordhay ku dhawaad ​​50 boqolkiiba, ilaa ku dhawaad ​​$ 1 trillion 2019. Dhammaadkii muddadiisa, deynta qaranka Mareykanka waxay kordheen 39 boqolkiiba, taasoo gaartay $ 27.75 trillion, iyo saamiga US-deficit-to-GDP ayaa ku dhuftey mid sare oo ka mid ah Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Trump waxa kale oo uu ku guuldarraystay in uu ka dhabeeyo ballan-qaadkiisii ​​ololaha ee ahaa $1 trillion oo qorshe kharash-bixineed oo kaabayaasha ah. Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee casriga ah ee Maraykanka ee xilka ka taga isaga oo ka shaqaale yar marka loo eego markii uu xilka qabtay, saddex milyan oo qof. Wuxuu diiday fikradda sayniska ee isbeddelka cimilada . Wuxuu hoos u dhigay miisaaniyada cilmi baarista tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo 40 boqolkiiba wuxuuna bedelay siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee lagu hagayay isbedelka cimilada. Wuxuu ka baxay heshiiskii Paris , taasoo ka dhigtay Mareykanka dalka kaliya ee aan ansixin. Wuxuu ujeedkiisu ahaa in kor loo qaado wax soo saarka iyo dhoofinta shidaalka fosil . Gaaska dabiiciga ah ayaa balaariyay Trump, laakiin dhuxusha ayaa sii waday hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu dib u soo celiyay in ka badan 100 xeerarka deegaanka ee federaalka, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa xakameyey qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo , wasakhowga hawada iyo biyaha, iyo isticmaalka walxaha sunta ah. Wuxuu wiiqay ilaalinta xoolaha iyo heerarka deegaanka ee mashaariicda kaabayaasha federaalka, wuxuuna balaariyay meelaha la oggol yahay ee qodista iyo soo saarista kheyraadka, sida oggolaanshaha qodista Qaxootiga Arctic . Trump wuxuu burburiyay xeerarkii federaalka ee caafimaadka, shaqada, deegaanka, iyo meelo kale, oo ay ku jiraan sharci baabi'iyay xeerkii xilligii Obama ee xaddidayay iibinta hubka dadka maskaxda ka xanuunsan. Inta lagu jiro lixdii toddobaad ee ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, wuxuu dib u dhigay, hakiyay, ama beddelay sagaashan xeer federaal ah, inta badan "kadib codsiyo ka yimid warshadaha nidaamsan". Machadka Daacadnimada Siyaasadda wuxuu ogaaday in 78 boqolkiiba soo jeedintiisa ay xannibeen maxkamadaha ama aysan ka adkaan dacwadda. Intii lagu guda jiray ololihiisa, Trump wuxuu wacad ku maray inuu baabi'in doono oo uu bedeli doono Sharciga Daryeelka La awoodi karo . Xafiiska, waxa uu hoos u dhigay fulinta sharciga iyada oo loo marayo amarada fulinta. Wuxuu muujiyay rabitaan ah inuu "u oggolaado Obamacare inuu guuldareysto"; maamulkiisu waxa uu kala badh ka dhimay xilliga is-diiwaangelinta waxana uu si weyn u dhimay dhaqaalihii loogu talo galay dhiirrigelinta diiwaangelinta. Bishii Juun 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu ku biiray 18 dawladood oo Jamhuurigu hoggaamiyo oo ku doodaya ka hor Maxkamadda Sare in baabi'inta ganaaxyada maaliyadeed ee la xidhiidha waajibaadka shakhsi ahaaneed ay ka dhigtay sharciga mid dastuuri ah. Codsigoodu wuxuu baabi'in lahaa caymiska caafimaadka ilaa 23 milyan oo Maraykan ah, laakiin kuma guulaysan. Intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016, Trump wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu ilaalin doono maalgelinta Medicare iyo barnaamijyada kale ee badbaadada bulshada. Janaayo 2020, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaanka inuu tixgeliyo dhimista iyaga. Isagoo ka jawaabaya cudurka faafa ee opioid , Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharci sanadka 2018 si loo kordhiyo maalgelinta daawaynta daroogada, laakiin waxaa si weyn loogu dhaleeceeyay inuu ku guuldareystay inuu sameeyo istiraatiijiyad la taaban karo. Wuxuu ka mamnuucay hay'adaha bixiya ilmo iska soo rididda ama u gudbinta ilmo soo rididda inay helaan lacagaha federaalka. Waxa uu sheegay in uu taageeray "guurka dhaqameed", laakiin wuxuu tixgeliyey sharcinimada waddanka oo dhan ee guurka isku jinsiga ah "la degay". Maamulkiisu waxa uu dib u rogay qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah ilaalinta goobta shaqada ee maamulka Obama ee ka dhanka ah takoorka dadka LGBTQ .Isku daygiisii ​​isku daygiisii ​​ee ilaalinta takoorka ee bukaannada transgender- ka bishii Agoosto 2020 waxaa joojiyay garsoore federaal ah ka dib markii ay xukuntay Maxkamadda Sare ay kordhisay ilaalinta xuquuqda madaniga ah ee shaqaalaha aqoonsiga jinsiga iyo jihada galmada. Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu ka soo horjeedo xakamaynta hubka , in kasta oo ay aragtidiisu is beddeshay muddo ka dib. Maamulkiisu waxa uu qaatay mawqif ka dhan ah marijuana , isaga oo burinaya siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee ilaalin jiray dawladaha sharciyeeyay marijuana. Waa u doode muddo dheer ah ee ciqaabta dilka ah, iyo maamulkiisu wuxuu kormeeray dawladda federaalka ah ee fulinta 13 maxbuus, in ka badan 56 sano ee hore marka la isku daro, oo soo afjaraya 17 sano oo joojin ah. Sannadkii 2016, wuxuu sheegay inuu taageersan yahay isticmaalka hababka jirdilka su'aalaha "jahannamo aad uga xun kan biyaha-qaadista . ===Xiriirka jinsiyadeed=== Faallooyinka Trump ee 2017 Mideynta Dibad-baxa Xaqa ah , oo cambaareeyay "bandhiggan foosha xun ee nacaybka, nacaybka iyo rabshadaha dhinacyo badan" oo sheegaya in ay jiraan "dad aad u fiican oo labada dhinac ah", ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay inay muujinayaan u dhigma akhlaaqda u dhexeeya dibad-baxayaasha sare-sare ee cadaanka ah iyo mudaaharaadayaasha. Bishii Janaayo 2018 dood ku saabsan sharciga socdaalka, waxaa la sheegay inuu u tixraacay El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, iyo wadamada Afrika sida "wadamada shithole". Hadaladiisa waxaa lagu cambaareeyay cunsurinimo. [[File:President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(49964153176).jpg|Iyadoo koox saraakiil iyo la-taliyeyaal ah ay ka soo lugeeyeen Aqalka Cad kuna sii jeeday Kaniisadda St.]] Bishii Luulyo 2019, Trump ayaa bartiisa twitterka ku soo qoray in afar haween ah oo ka tirsan Kongareeska Dimuqraadiga—dhammaan dadka laga tirada badan yahay, oo seddex ka mid ah ay u dhasheen Mareykanka - ay tahay inay " ku laabtaan " dalalkii ay "ka yimaadeen".Laba maalmood ka dib Golaha Wakiiladu waxay u codeeyeen 240-187, inta badan iyagoo raacaya xisbiyada, si ay u cambaareeyaan "faallooyinka cunsuriyadda". Daabacaada wadani ee cadaanka ah iyo warbaahinta bulshada ayaa amaanay hadaladiisa, kuwaas oo sii socday maalmaha soo socda. Waxa uu sii waday hadallo la mid ah intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2020. Bishii Juun 2020, intii lagu jiray mudaaharaadyadii George Floyd , saraakiisha fulinta sharciga federaalku waxay isticmaaleen sunta dadka ka ilmeysiisa iyo tabaha kale ee dadka si ay uga saaraan dad badan oo nabdoon oo mudaaharaadayaal sharci ah fagaaraha Lafayette , bannaanka Aqalka Cad . Trump ayaa markaa la soo baxay Kitaabka Quduuska ah si uu sawir uga qaado Kaniisadda Episcopal St. Hogaamiyeyaal ciidan oo badan oo shaqada ka fadhiistay iyo saraakiisha difaaca ayaa cambaareeyay soo jeedintiisa ah in uu isticmaalo millatariga Maraykanka mudaharaadayaasha ka soo horjeeda bilayska. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee uu Trump xilka hayay, waxa uu oggolaaday 237 codsi oo naxariis ah, taas oo ka yar dhammaan madaxweynayaashii tan iyo 1900-kii marka laga reebo George HW Bush iyo George W. Bush . Keliya 25 iyaga ka mid ah ayaa waxaa shaandheeyay Xafiiska Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Xafiiska Qareenka Cafiska ; kuwa kale waxaa la siiyay dadka xiriirka shakhsi ahaaneed ama siyaasadeed ee isaga, qoyskiisa, iyo xulafadiisa, ama ay ku taliyaan dadka caanka ah. Maalintii ugu dambaysay ee uu xafiiska joogay, waxa uu ogolaaday 73 cafis waxana uu ka khafiifiyay 70 xukun. Dhawr xulafada Trump ah uma qalmin cafis marka loo eego xeerarka Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo xaalado kale waaxdu waxay ka soo horjeedsatay naxariista. Cafiskii saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan ciidanka milatariga oo lagu helay ama lagu soo oogay dambiyo rabshado wata ayaa waxaa ka soo horjeestay hogaamiyayaasha ciidamada. ===Socdaalka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg|thumb|Baarista tusaalaha darbiga xadka ee Otay Mesa, California]] Madaxweyne ahaan, Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay socdaalka sharci darrada ah inuu yahay "duulaanka" Maraykanka oo uu si weyn u kordhiyay fulinta socdaalka. Wuxuu hirgeliyay siyaasado adag oo ka dhan ah magangalyo-doonka wuxuuna u daabulay ku dhawaad ​​6,000 oo askari xadka US-Mexico si ay u joojiyaan isgoysyada sharci darrada ah. Waxa uu hoos u dhigay tirada qaxootiga loo ogolaaday in ay diiwaan gashadaan, laga bilaabo xadka sanadlaha ah ee 110,000 ka hor inta uusan xafiiska la wareegin 15,000 ee 2021 . Mid ka mid ah ballamihiisii ​​ololaha dhexe waxa ay ahayd in uu derbi ka dhisayo xudduudda US-Mexico ; intii lagu jiray xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Maraykanku wuxuu dhisay 73 mayl (117 km) oo derbi ah meelaha aan lahayn caqabadaha iyo 365 mayl (587 km) si uu u beddelo caqabadaha hore. 2018, diidmada Trump ee ah in uu saxeexo kharash kasta oo kharash ah ilaa ay u qoondaysay maalgelinta darbiga xuduudka waxay keentay xidhidhkii ugu dheeraa abid ee dawladda dhexe , muddo 35 maalmood ah laga bilaabo Disembar 2018 ilaa Janaayo 2019. Si looga fogaado xidhitaan kale, Koongarasku waxa uu soo saaray biil dhaqaale oo dhan $1.4 bilyan oo loogu talagalay dayrarka xuduudaha bishii Febraayo. Trump ayaa markii dambe ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo heer qaran ah oo ku taal xudduudda koonfureed si uu u leexiyo $ 6.1 bilyan oo maalgelin ah derbiga xudduudaha inkastoo congress-ka is khilaafeen. Bishii Janaayo 2017, Trump wuxuu saxiixay amar fulin oo u diidaya inay soo galaan muwaadiniinta lix waddan oo Muslimiin u badan afar bilood iyo inay ka yimaadaan Suuriya si aan xad lahayn. Amarka ayaa sababay mudaaharaadyo badan iyo caqabado sharci taasoo keentay amarro dalka oo dhan ah . Amarka dib loo eegay oo bixiya qaar ka reeban ayaa sidoo kale xannibay maxkamadaha, laakiin Maxkamadda Sare waxay xukuntay bishii Juun in mamnuucida la fulin karo kuwa ka maqan " xidhiidh daacad ah oo lala yeesho qof ama hay'ad" gudaha Maraykanka saraakiil, laakiin waxay ka saareen Ciraaq iyo Suudaan. Maxkamadda Sare waxay ogolaatay in noocaas uu dhaqan galo Diseembar 2017, oo ugu dambeyntii taageertay xayiraadda 2019. Laga soo bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu lahaa siyaasad kala qaybsanaan qoys oo kala saaray in ka badan 4,400 carruurta soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee waalidkood, 2 ee Maraykanka . Siyaasad aan hore loo arag. ayaa dalka ka dhalisay cadho dadweyne. Inkasta oo Trump uu markii hore eedaynayay Dimuqraadiyiinta oo uu ku adkaystay inuusan joojin karin siyaasadda amarka fulinta, wuxuu aqbalay cadaadiska dadweynaha bishii Juun 2018 wuxuuna amray in qoysaska soogalootiga sharci-darrada ah la wada xiro haddii aysan "ay jirin walaac" khatarta ilmaha. Garsooraha ayaa markii dambe amar ku bixiyay in qoysaska la isu keeno oo kala fogaansho dheeraad ah la joojiyo marka laga reebo xaalado xaddidan, inkastoo in ka badan 1,000 carruur dheeraad ah laga soocay qoysaskooda amarka ka dib. ===Siyaasada Arimaha Dibada=== [[File:-G7Biarritz_(48616362963).jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyayaasha G7 ayaa shir madaxeedka 45-aad ee France, 2019]] Trump wuxuu isku tilmaamay inuu yahay "qaraniyad" iyo siyaasadiisa arrimaha dibadda " America First ". Waxa uu taageeray dawladihii populist , neo-nationalist , iyo dawlado kali-talis ah. Saadalin la'aan, hubanti la'aan, iyo iswaafaqla'aan ayaa lagu gartaa xiriirka dibadda intii uu xilka hayay. Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo xulafadiisa reer Yurub waxa uu ahaa mid xun intii uu Trump joogay. Wuxuu dhaleeceeyay xulafada NATO wuxuuna si gaar ah u soo jeediyay in Maraykanku ka baxo NATO . Trump wuxuu taageeray siyaasado badan oo ka mid ah siyaasadaha ra'iisul wasaaraha Israel Benjamin Netanyahu . Sannadkii 2020, Trump waxa uu martigeliyay saxeexa heshiiskii Abraham ee u dhexeeyay Israa’iil iyo Imaaraadka Carabta iyo Baxrayn si ay caadi uga dhigaan xidhiidhkooda dibadda. [[File:President_Trump_%26_the_First_Lady%27s_Trip_to_Europe_(42547210635).jpg|thumb|Isagoo gacan qaadaya madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin intii lagu jiray shirkii 2018 ee Helsinki , Finland]] Trump ayaa dagaal ganacsi la bilaabay Shiinaha 2018 ka dib markii uu ku soo rogay canshuuro iyo caqabado kale oo ganacsi oo uu sheegay in ay ku qasbi doonto Shiinaha in ay soo afjarto ku dhaqanka ganacsiga cadaalad darada ah ee mudada dheer soo jiray iyo ku xadgudubka hantida garaadka . Trump waxa uu wiiqay cunaqabatayntii ugu adkeyd ee uu Maraykanku soo rogay ka dib markii 2014 uu Ruushku la wareegay Crimea . Trump wuu ammaanay oo, sida ay sheegeen qaar ka mid ah dadka dhaleeceeyay, dhif ayuu u dhaleeceeyay madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin , inkasta oo uu ka soo horjeestay tallaabooyinka qaar ee dawladda Ruushka. Waxa uu Maraykanka ka saaray heshiiska dhex-dhexaadka ah ee ciidamada Nukliyeerka , isaga oo u cuskanaya in Ruushku aanu u hoggaansamin, oo uu taageeray suurtagalnimada in Ruushku ku soo laabto G7 . Iyada oo hubka Nukliyeerka ee Waqooyiga Kuuriya loo arkayay khatar halis ah, Trump wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Maraykan ah ee la kulma hoggaamiyaha Kuuriyada Waqooyi, oo la kulmay Kim Jong Un saddex jeer : Singapore bishii Juun 2018, Hanoi bishii Febraayo 2019, iyo Aagga Dillatari ee Kuuriya ee Juun 2019 ===Shaqaale=== Dhammaadkii sannadkii ugu horreeyay ee Trump xafiiska, 34 boqolkiiba shaqaalahiisa asalka ah waa ay iska casileen, shaqada laga eryay, ama waa la bedelay. Ilaa Luulyo 2018, 61 boqolkiiba kaaliyeyaashiisa sare ayaa ka tagay iyo shaqaalaha 141 ayaa ka tagay sannadkii hore. Labada tiroba waxay dhigayaan rikoodh madaxweynayaashii dhawaa. Kaaliyeyaasha gaarka ah ee u dhow Trump ayaa shaqada ka tagay ama lagu qasbay. Waxa uu si cad u bahdilay dhowr ka mid ah saraakiishiisii ​​ugu sarraysay. Trump wuxuu lahaa afar madax oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad , isaga oo fogeynaya ama riixaya dhowr. Bishii Maajo 2017, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay agaasimihii FBI James Comey , isagoo sheegay maalmo ka dib inuu ka walaacsan yahay doorka Comey ee baaritaannada Trump iyo Ruushka. Saddex ka mid ah 15-kii xubnood ee asalka ahaa ee Trump ayaa baxay ama lagu qasbay inay is casilaan sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay. Trump wuu ka gaabiyay inuu magacaabo saraakiisha heerka labaad ee waaxda fulinta, isagoo sheegay in jagooyin badan oo aan loo baahnayn. Bishii Oktoobar 2017, waxaa jiray boqollaal jagooyin hoosaadyo ah oo aan la magacaabin. Ilaa Janaayo 8, 2019, ee 706 jagooyin muhiim ah, 433 ayaa la buuxiyay mana uusan u magacaabin 264. ===Garsoorka=== Trump ayaa magacaabay 226 garsoore oo heer federaal ah , oo ay ku jiraan 54 ka mid ah maxkamadaha rafcaanka iyo saddex ka mid ah maxkamadda sare : Neil Gorsuch , Brett Kavanaugh , iyo Amy Coney Barrett . Magacaabistiisa Maxkamadda Sare waxay siyaasad ahaan u wareejisay Maxkamadda dhinaca midig. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ballan qaaday in Roe v. Wade la rogi doono "si toos ah" haddii isaga la doorto oo la siiyo fursad uu ku magacaabo laba ama saddex garsoorayaasha ka hortagga ilmo soo rididda. Ka dib waxa uu qaatay sumcad markii Roe uu afgembiyay Dobbs v. Jackson Ururka Caafimaadka Haweenka 2022; Dhammaan saddexdii xubnood ee uu soo magacaabay Maxkamadda Sare waxay ku codeeyeen aqlabiyadda. Trump wuxuu quudhsaday maxkamadaha iyo garsoorayaasha uu ku khilaafay, inta badan qaab shakhsiyeed, wuxuuna su'aal galiyay awoodda dastuuriga ah ee garsoorka. Weerradiisa uu ku qaaday maxkamadaha ayaa waxaa ka dhashay canaan ka timid goobjoogayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan garsoorayaal heer federaal ah oo fadhiyey, kuwaas oo ka walaacsanaa saamaynta hadalladiisu ku yeelan karaan madaxbannaanida garsoorka iyo kalsoonida shacabku ku qabaan garsoorka. ===Cudurka caalamiga ah covid-19=== [[File:White_House_Press_Briefing_(49666120807).jpg|thumb|Qabashada war-saxaafadeed COVID-19 ah oo lala yeelanayo xubnaha Aqalka Cad ee Hawl-galka Coronavirus March 15, 2020]] Trump ayaa markii hore iska dhaga tiray digniinaha caafimaadka bulshada iyo baaqyada ah in tallaabo laga qaado saraakiisha caafimaadka ee maamulkiisa. Trump wuxuu aasaasay Ciidanka Aqalka Cad ee Coronavirus bishii Janaayo 29. Bishii Maarso 27, wuxuu saxiixay sharciga CARES Act - $ 2.2 trillion biilka kicinta dhaqaalaha laba geesoodka ah - kicinta ugu weyn taariikhda Mareykanka. Ka dib toddobaadyo weeraro ah si ay uga fogaato jawaabtiisa gaabis ah, Trump wuxuu joojiyay maalgelinta Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka bishii Abriil. Bishii Abriil 2020, kooxaha ku xiran Jamhuuriga ayaa abaabulay mudaaharaadyo ka dhan ah qufulka oo looga soo horjeedo tallaabooyinka ay dowladaha gobolladu qaadayeen si ay ula dagaallamaan masiibada; Trump ayaa ku dhiirigeliyay mudaaharaadyada Twitter-ka , in kasta oo dawladaha la beegsaday aysan la kulmin tilmaamaha maamulkiisa ee dib u furitaanka. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u cadaadiyay hay'adaha caafimaadka federaalka inay qaadaan tallaabooyin uu doorbiday, sida oggolaanshaha daaweynta aan la xaqiijin. Bishii Oktoobar, Trump waxa la dhigay cusbitaalka Xarunta Caafimaadka Qaranka ee Walter Reed muddo saddex maalmood ah iyada oo uu jiro kiis daran oo ah COVID-19 ===Baaritaanada=== Ka dib markii uu la wareegay xafiiska, Trump wuxuu ahaa mawduuca kordhinta Waaxda Caddaaladda iyo kormeerka Kongareeska, iyada oo la baarayo ololihiisa doorashada, kala-guurka, iyo caleema saarka, tallaabooyinkii la qaaday intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa, ganacsigiisa gaarka ah , canshuuraha shakhsi ahaaneed, iyo aasaaska samafalka . Waxaa jiray toban baaritaan dembi oo federaal ah, siddeed gobol iyo baaritaanno maxalli ah, iyo laba iyo toban baaritaan oo kongareeska ah. Bishii Luulyo 2016, FBI waxay bilawday duufaanta Crossfire , baaritaan ku saabsan xiriirka suurtagalka ah ee ka dhexeeya Ruushka iyo ololaha Trump ee 2016. Kadib markii Trump uu shaqada ka eryay Comey bishii Maajo 2017, FBI-da ayaa furtay baaritaan labaad oo ku saabsan xiriirkii shakhsi ahaaneed iyo ganacsi ee Trump uu la yeeshay Ruushka . Bishii Janaayo 2017, saddex hay'adood oo sirdoon oo Mareykan ah ayaa si wadajir ah u sheegay "kalsooni sare" in Ruushku uu farageliyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump. Shaki badan xidhiidho ka dhexeeya saaxiibada Trump iyo saraakiisha Ruushka ayaa la ogaaday. Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Ruushka ee doorashada. Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah ayaa markii dambe loo wareejiyay baaritaanka qareenka gaarka ah ee Robert Mueller ; Baaritaanka ku saabsan xiriirka Trump iyo Ruushka waxaa soo afjaray ku xigeenka xeer ilaaliyaha guud Rod Rosenstein ka dib markii uu u sheegay FBI in Mueller uu sii wadi doono arrinta. Codsiga Rosenstein, baaritaanka Mueller wuxuu baaray arrimaha dambiyada "ee la xiriira faragelinta doorashada 2016 ee Ruushka". Mueller ayaa soo gudbiyay warbixintiisii ​​u dambaysay bishii March 2019. Warbixintu waxay ogaatay in Ruushku uu farageliyay 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump iyo in Trump iyo ololihiisii ​​ay soo dhaweeyeen oo ay dhiiri galiyeen dadaalka, laakiin caddaynta "ma aysan xaqiijin" in Ruushka ama xubnaha ololaha Trump ay abaabuleen. Trump waxa uu ku andacooday in warbixintaasi ay ka saartay isaga in kasta oo Mueller uu qoray in aanay taasi dhicin. Warbixintu waxay sidoo kale faahfaahisay carqaladaynta suurtagalka ah ee caddaaladda ee Trump, laakiin "ma aysan soo saarin gabagabada kama dambaysta ah" oo ka tagtay go'aanka lagu soo oogay sharciyada Congress-ka. Bishii Abriil 2019, Guddiga Kormeerka ee Aqalka ayaa soo saaray amar maxkamadeed oo ay ku raadinayaan faahfaahin maaliyadeed bangiyada Trump, Deutsche Bank iyo Capital One , iyo shirkaddiisa xisaabaadka, Mazars USA . Wuxuu dacweeyay bangiyada, Mazars, iyo guddoomiyaha guddiga Elijah Cummings si looga hortago in la shaaciyo. Bishii Maajo, laba garsoore ayaa xukuntay in Mazars iyo bangiyada labadaba ay tahay inay u hoggaansamaan amar-qaadista; . Qareennada Trump ayaa racfaan ka qaatay. Bishii Sebtembar 2022, Trump iyo guddiga ayaa ku heshiiyey heshiis ku saabsan Mazars, shirkadduna waxay bilowday inay wareejiso dukumentiyada. ===Eedaynta=== [[File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_(49498772251).jpg|thumb|Soo bandhigida cinwaanka "Trump waa la sii daayay" 2020]] Trump waxaa laba jeer xilka ka xayuubiyey aqalka Congress-ka, in kastoo aqalka senate-ka ay labada jeerba dambi ku soo oogeen. Xil ka qaadistii ugu horeysay ayaa ka dhalatay cabasho sir ah oo bishii Luulyo 2019 Trump ku cadaadiyay madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy inuu baadho Joe iyo Hunter Biden, isagoo isku dayaya inuu faa'iido ka helo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2020 . Bishii Disembar 2019, aqalku wuxuu u codeeyay in Trump lagu soo oogo ku takri fal awoodeed iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka , iyo Senatka ayaa dambi ku waayay Febraayo 2020. Xil ka qaadista labaad ayaa timid ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo ee Capitol, kaas oo aqalku uu Trump ku soo oogay in uu kiciyay kacdoon 13-kii Janaayo 2021. Trump ayaa xafiiska ka tagay 20-kii Janaayo, waxaana lagu sii daayay Febraayo 13. Todobo senate oo Jamhuuriya ayaa u codeeyay xukun. ===2020 doorashada madaxweynaha=== Trump wuxuu xareeyay inuu u tartamo dib-u-doorashada saacado yar uun ka dib markii uu noqday madaxweynaha 2017. Waxa uu qabtay isu soo baxkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee dib-u-doorashada wax ka yar bil ka dib markii uu xafiiska qabtay wuxuuna si rasmi ah u noqday musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga Agoosto 2020. Ololaha Trump wuxuu diiradda saaray dambiyada, isagoo ku andacoonaya in magaalooyinka ay hoos ugu dhici doonaan sharci-darro haddii Dimuqraadigu ku guuleysto doorashada. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u beeniyey boosaska Biden wuxuuna ka codsaday cunsuriyadda. Laga bilaabo horraantii 2020, Trump wuxuu abuuray shaki ku saabsan doorashada, isagoo ku andacoonaya caddayn la'aan in la musuqmaasuqi doono iyo in isticmaalka baahsan ee waraaqaha waraaqaha ay soo saari doonto khiyaamo doorasho oo ballaaran. Wuxuu xannibay maalgelinta Adeegga Boostada Mareykanka , isagoo sheegay inuu doonayo inuu ka hortago koror kasta oo ku yimaada codbixinta boostada. Wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu diiday inuu sheego inuu aqbali doono natiijada haddii laga guulaysto oo uu ballan qaado in si nabad ah xukunka loogu kala wareejiyo . ===Luminta Biden iyo diidmada natiijada=== Biden wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii November 2020, isagoo helay 81.3 milyan cod (51.3 boqolkiiba) Trump's 74.2 milyan (46.8 boqolkiiba ) iyo 306 codadka doorashada ee Trump 's 232 . subaxa ka dib doorashada. Maalmo ka dib, markii Biden la saadaaliyay in uu guulaysanayo, Trump waxa uu si aan sal iyo raad toona lahayn u eedeeyay musuqmaasuqa doorashada. Iyadoo qayb ka ah dadaalka lagu doonayo in lagu baabi'iyo natiijada , Trump iyo xulafadiisa ayaa gudbiyay dacwado badan oo ka dhan ah natiijooyinka , kuwaas oo ay diideen ugu yaraan 86 garsoore oo ka tirsan maxkamadaha gobolka iyo federaalka labadaba iyagoo aan lahayn wax xaqiiqo ah ama sharci ah. Eedeymaha Trump waxaa sidoo kale beeniyay saraakiisha doorashada ee gobolka, Maxkamadda Sare ayaa diiday in ay dhageysato kiis lagu codsanayo in la baabi'iyo natiijada afar gobol oo uu ku guuleystay Biden. Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u raadsaday caawimo si uu u rogo natiijooyinka, isaga oo shakhsi ahaan cadaadis saaraya Jamhuuriga maxalliga ah iyo kuwa haya xafiisyada gobolka, Sharci-dejiyaha Jamhuuriga, Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo Madaxweyne Ku-Xigeenka Pence, oo ku boorriyay ficillada sida beddelka cod-bixiyeyaasha madaxweynaha , ama in saraakiisha Georgia ay ku dhawaaqeen natiijada "dhammaan" Toddobaadyadii doorashada ka dib, Trump wuu ka baxay hawlihii guud. Waxa uu markii hore ka horjoogsaday saraakiisha dawladda in ay la shaqeeyaan Biden ee ku-meel-gaadhka madaxweynenimada . Saddex toddobaad ka dib, maamulaha Maamulka Adeegyada Guud wuxuu ku dhawaaqay Biden "guuleeyaha muuqda" ee doorashada, isaga oo u oggolaanaya bixinta agabka kala-guurka kooxdiisa. Inkastoo Trump uu sheegay in uu ku taliyay in GSA ay bilowdo hab-maamuuska kala-guurka, weli si rasmi ah uma uusan aqbalin. Trump kama uusan qeybgalin xafladdii Biden ee Janaayo 20. ===Janaayo 6-dii weerarkii Capitol=== Bishii Disembar 2020, waxaa soo baxay warbixino sheegaya in hoggaamiyeyaasha millatariga Mareykanka ay heegan sare ku jireen, saraakiisha darajo sarena ay ka wada hadleen waxa la sameeyo haddii Trump uu ku dhawaaqo sharciga dagaalka . Agaasimaha CIA Gina Haspel iyo General General Mark Milley , oo ah gudoomiyaha Taliyaasha Wadajirka ah ee Shaqaalaha , ayaa ka walaacsanaa in Trump uu isku dayo inqilaab ama tallaabo militari oo ka dhan ah Shiinaha ama Iran. Milley wuxuu ku adkaystay in lagala tashado amar kasta oo militari oo ka yimaada Trump, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka hubka nukliyeerka. [[File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_(50820534063)_(retouched).jpg|thumb|Dadweyne taageersan Trump intii uu weerarka socday]] Duhurnimadii Janaayo 6, 2021, iyadoo Congress-ka uu caddaynayay natiijada doorashada madaxtinimada ee Capitol US , Trump wuxuu ku qabtay isu soo bax ka dhacay Ellipse oo u dhow . Isagoo ka hadlayay gadaasha muraayad dhalo ah, wuxuu ku baaqay in doorashada la rogo wuxuuna ku booriyay taageerayaashiisa inay "la dagaalamaan sida cadaabta" oo "ay dib u soo ceshadaan waddankeena" iyagoo u socda Capitol. Taageerayaashiisa ayaa markaa sameeyay koox koox ah oo jebisay dhismaha , carqaladeeyay shahaadada waxayna sababtay daad-gureynta Congress-kaaIintii lagu guda jiray weerarka, Trump wuxuu ku dhajiyay baraha bulshada laakiin ma uusan weydiisan rabshado inay kala firdhiyaan. Qoraal uu soo dhigay bartiisa Twitter -ka 6-dii maqribnimo ayuu u sheegay in ay “Guryaha ku tagaan jacayl & nabad”, waxa uu ugu yeeray “wadani-weyn”, waxa uuna ku celiyay in uu ku guuleystay doorashada. Koongarasku mar dambe ayaa dib loo furay oo xaqiijiyay guushii Biden saacadihii hore ee Janaayo 7. In ka badan 140 booliis ah ayaa ku dhaawacmay, shan qofna way dhinteen intii uu socday ama ka dib weerarka. Dhacdadan ayaa lagu tilmaamay isku day afgambi oo uu sameeyay Trump. ==Inta u dhaxaysa madaxweynayaasha (2021-2025)== Markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ku noolaado Mar-a-Lago, isaga oo xafiis ka samaystay halkaas sida uu dhigayo sharciga madaxweynayaashii hore . Sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee sii socota ee ku saabsan doorashada 2020 waxaa caadi ahaan loogu yeeraa " beenta weyn " ee uu dhaleeceeyay, inkastoo May 2021, isaga iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa ay bilaabeen isticmaalka ereyga si ay u tixraacaan doorashada lafteeda. Xisbiga Jamhuurigu wuxuu u adeegsaday sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee ku saabsan doorashada si uu ugu caddeeyo soo rogida xannibaadaha codbixinta cusub ee ay ku jirto. Wuxuu sii waday inuu ku cadaadiyo sharci-dejiyeyaasha gobolka inay joojiyaan doorashada. Si ka duwan madaxweynayaashii hore ee kale, Trump wuxuu sii waday inuu xukumo xisbigiisa; profile 2022 ee New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay inuu yahay madaxa xisbiga casriga ah . Waxa uu sii waday lacag ururinta, isaga oo kor u qaaday xabad dagaal oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan laba jeer xisbiga Jamhuuriga, oo uu ka faa'iidaystay lacag ururinta musharaxiin badan oo Jamhuuri ah oo lagu qabtay Mar-a-Lago. Inta badan waxa uu diiradda saaray maamulka xisbiga iyo in uu xilal muhiim ah ka dhigo saraakiil isaga daacad u ah. Doorashadii xilliga dhexe ee 2022 , wuxuu taageeray in ka badan 200 oo musharraxiin ah oo u tartamaya xafiisyo kala duwan. Bishii Febraayo 2021, wuxuu diiwaangeliyay shirkad cusub, Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG), si ay u siiso "adeegyada isku xirka bulshada" macaamiisha Mareykanka. Bishii Maarso 2024, TMTG waxay ku biirtay shirkad soo iibsata ujeedo gaar ah oo Digital World Acquisition waxayna noqotay shirkad dadweyne . Bishii Febraayo 2022, TMTG waxay bilowday Truth Social , oo ah madal warbaahinta bulshada ah. ===Arrimaha sharciga=== Sannadkii 2019-kii, wariye E. Jean Carroll ayaa ku eedeeyay Trump inuu kufsaday 1990-meeyadii, wuxuuna ku dacweeyay sumcad-dil uu u geystay diidmadiisa. Carroll ayaa mar kale dacweeyay 2022 batari iyo sumcad dil dheeraad ah. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay xadgudub galmo iyo sumcad dil waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo $ 5 milyan hal kiis iyo $ 83.3 milyan kan kale. Maxkamadaha rafcaanka federaalku waxay taageereen natiijooyinkii iyo abaal-marintii Diseembar 2024 iyo Sebtembar 2025, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sannadkii 2022, New York waxay soo gudbisay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyada oo ku eedaysay inuu sare u qaaday qiimaha Ururka Trump si uu faa'iido uga helo bixiyeyaasha iyo bangiyada. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo ku dhawaad ​​$355 milyan oo lagu daray dulsaar. Bishii Agoosto 2025, maxkamadda rafcaanku waxay taageertay mas'uuliyadda Trump iyo ganaaxyada aan lacagta ahayn laakiin waxay meesha ka saartay ciqaabta lacageed oo xad dhaaf ah [[File:Classified_intelligence_material_found_during_search_of_Mar-a-Lago.jpg|thumb|Walax sirdoon oo sir ah ayaa la helay intii lagu jiray raadinta Mar-a-Lago]] Iyada oo la xidhiidha dadaalka Trump ee uu ku doonayo in uu ku joojiyo doorashada 2020 iyo ku lug lahaanshaha weerarkii January 6, December 2022 guddiga Aqalka Maraykanka ee weerarka ayaa soo jeediyay eedeymaha dambiyada ka dhanka ah isaga oo hor istaagay dacwad rasmi ah , shirqool lagu khiyaameeyay Maraykanka , iyo kicinta ama caawinta kacdoonka. Bishii Agoosto 2023, xeerbeegti weyn oo ku taal Fulton County, Georgia , ayaa ku soo oogtay 13 eedeymo, oo ay ku jiraan racketeering , dadaalkiisa uu ku doonayo inuu ku dumiyo doorashada 2020 ee gobolka. Bishii Janaayo 2022, Maamulka Kaydka iyo Diiwaanka Qaranka ayaa soo saaray 15 sanduuq oo dukumeenti ah oo Trump u qaaday Mar-a-Lago ka dib markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo qaarkood la sifeeyay. Baaritaankii Waaxda Caddaaladda ee xigay, mas'uuliyiintu waxay ka soo saareen dukumeentiyo sir ah oo badan oo qareenadiisa ah. Agoosto 8, 2022, wakiilada FBI waxay Mar-a-Lago ka baadheen dukumeenti si sharci darro ah loo haysto, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa jebinta sharciga basaasnimada , ururinta 11 dukumeenti qarsoodi ah, qaar sir sare leh. Xeer -beegti heer federaal ah oo uu sameeyay La-taliyaha Gaarka ah Jack Smith ayaa Trump ku soo oogay bishii Juun 2023 31 dacwadood oo ah "si ula kac ah u haynta macluumaadka difaaca qaranka" sida hoos timaada Xeerka Basaasnimada , iyo eedeymo kale. Trump wuu diiday dambiga. Bishii Luulyo 2024, garsoore Aileen Cannon ayaa meesha ka saaray kiiska , xukunka Smith magacaabistiisa xeer ilaaliye gaar ah wuxuu ahaa sharci darro. Bishii Maajo 2024, Trump waxaa lagu xukumay 34 dacwadood oo dembi ah oo ka been sheegay diiwaannada ganacsiga . Kiisku wuxuu ka yimid caddayn ah inuu ballansaday lacag-bixinnada lacagta-ka-soo-baxa ee Michael Cohen ee jilaa filimada qaangaarka ah ee Stormy Daniels sida kharashaadka ganacsiga si uu u daboolo eedeymihiisii ​​2006-2007 ee Daniels intii lagu jiray doorashadii 2016. Janaayo 10, 2025, xaakimku wuxuu siiyay Trump xukun ciqaab la'aan ah oo loo yaqaan siideyn shuruud la'aan ah, isagoo sheegay in shuruudaha ciqaabta ay faragelinayaan xasaanadda madaxweynaha. Ka dib markii dib loo doortay, kiiskii carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 iyo kiiskii dukumeentiyada qarsoodiga ahaa waa la eryay iyada oo aan la eedayn siyaasada Waaxda Cadaaladda ee ka dhanka ah dacwad qaadista madaxweynayaasha. ==2024 doorashada madaxweynaha== Bishii Noofambar 2022, Trump wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu u tartamayo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2024 wuxuuna abuuray akoon lacag ururin ah. Bishii Maarso 2023, ololuhu wuxuu bilaabay inuu u weeciyo boqolkiiba toban deeqaha hoggaankiisa PAC . Ololihiisu waxa uu bixiyay $100 milyan oo ku wajahan biilasha sharciga ah March 2024. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump wuxuu sameeyay hadallo rabshado wata oo isa soo taraya. Waxa uu sheegay in uu hubayn doono FBI-da iyo Waaxda Caddaaladda ee ka soo horjeeda siyaasaddiisa oo uu u adeegsado militariga si uu u beegsado siyaasiyiinta Dimuqraadiga ah iyo kuwa aan taageersanayn musharaxnimadiisa. Wuxuu adeegsaday hadallo ka daran oo bini'aadantinimada ka dhan ah intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa. Hadalkiisa, isaga oo ugu yeeraya mucaaradkiisa siyaasadeed "cadow", cayayaan, iyo faashiistaha, ayaa taariikhyahannada iyo aqoonyahannada qaarkood ku tilmaameen kalitalisnimo, faashiste oo ka duwan wax kasta oo musharax siyaasadeed uu waligiis ku sheegay taariikhda Mareykanka. Da'da iyo welwelka caafimaadka ayaa sidoo kale kacday intii lagu jiray ololaha, iyada oo dhowr khabiiro caafimaad ah ay muujinayaan kororka xamaasada, hadalka jilicsan iyo dabeecadda . Trump wuxuu xusay "doorasho la musuq-maasuqay" iyo "faragelin doorashada" ka hor iyo in ka badan intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016 iyo 2020 wuxuuna diiday inuu ballan qaado inuu aqbalo natiijada doorashada 2024. Falanqeeyayaasha New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay tan sida xoojinta "madaxyada aan ku guuleysto; dabo aad khiyaamayso" xeeladaha hadal; Wargeysku waxa uu sheegay in sheegashada doorashada lagu shubtay ay noqotay laf dhabarta ololaha. July 13, 2024, Trump ayaa dhegta lagu toogtay isku day dil oo ka dhacay isu soo bax olole oo ka dhacay magaalada Butler Township, Pennsylvania . Laba maalmood ka dib, Shirweynihii Qaranka ee Jamhuuriga ee 2024 ayaa u magacaabay musharaxa madaxweynenimo. Bishii Sebtembar, waa la bartilmaameedsaday laakiin waxba ma gaarin isku day dil oo Florida ka dhacay . Trump wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii Noofambar 2024 isagoo helay 312 codadka doorashada madaxweyne ku xigeenka Kamala Harris's 226. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku guuleystay codadka caanka ah 49.8% Harris' 48.3%. Guushiisa 2024 waxay qayb ka ahayd dib-u-dhac caalami ah oo ka dhan ah xisbiyada xilka haya, oo qayb weyn ka ah sicir bararka 2021-2023 . Dhowr xarumood ayaa ku tilmaamay dib u doorashadiisa soo laabasho aan caadi ahayn. ==Madaxweynaha labaad (2025- hadda)== [[File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_(2025)_(alternate).jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , waxaa maamula madaxa cadaalada John Roberts , Janaayo 20, 2025]] Trump wuxuu bilaabay markiisa labaad markii uu xilka qabtay Janaayo 20, 2025. Wuxuu noqday shaqsiga ugu da'da weyn ee qabta xilka madaxtinimo , madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee dambi culus lagu soo oogay, iyo qofkii labaad ee laba xilli oo aan isku xigta madaxweyne ka noqdo. Isku daygiisii ​​uu ku doonayay inuu ku balaadhiyo awoodda madaxweynaha iyo iska horimaadyada maxkamadaha ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay sifada qeexaysa xilligiisa labaad. ===Ficilada hore, 2025- hadda=== Markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, Trump waxa uu saxeexay amarro fulineed oo taxane ah . Qaar badan oo kuwan ka mid ah waxay tijaabiyeen awooddiisa sharci, waxayna soo saareen tallaabo sharci oo degdeg ah. Wuxuu soo saaray amaro fulineed ka badan maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne kasta. Afar maalmood oo ka mid ah xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad, falanqaynta uu sameeyay Time waxay ogaatay in ku dhawaad ​​​​saddex-meelood laba meelood ee ficilladiisa fulinta "muraayada ama qayb ahaan muraayadda" soo jeedinta Mashruuca 2025 . Toddobaadyadiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, dhowr ka mid ah ficilladiisa ayaa iska indhatiray ama ku xad-gudbay sharciyada federaalka, qawaaniinta, iyo Dastuurka sida ay qabaan culimada sharciga ee Mareykanka. Bishii ugu horreysay ee maamulkiisa, Trump wuxuu soo saaray sagaashan amar fulineed, qoraallo, iyo awaamiir. Waxa uu u adeegsaday dawladda si uu u beegsado dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda iyo ficilladiisa ka dhanka ah bulshada rayidka ah ayay khubarada sharciga iyo boqollaal saynisyahano siyaasadeed ku tilmaameen mid keli-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Awaamiirtiisa iyo ficilladiisa waxaa ka soo horjeestay in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo dalka oo dhan ah, iyada oo intooda badan ay weli u socdaan maxkamadaha July 2. ===Iskahorimaadyada xiisaha, 2025 - hadda=== Madaxtinimadii labaad ee Trump waxaa lagu tilmaamay in uu leeyahay ilaalin yar oo ka dhan ah iskahorimaadyada danaha marka loo eego kii ugu horreeyay, iyo jabinta tobannaan sano oo xeerarka anshaxa. Waxa uu sii waday shirkad si guud looga ganacsado oo ku taal Trump Media & Technology Group , wuxuuna u kala beddelay adeegyo maaliyadeed. Waxa uu daba galay heshiisyo cusub oo hanti ma guurto ah oo dibadda ah oo ay ku lug leeyihiin hay'ado dawladeed oo xidhiidh la leh, waxana uu lahaa dhawr shirkadood oo calaamadayn iyo shati bixin ah oo uu ku iibinayo badeecooyinka sumadda Trump. Waxa uu ka faa'iideystey xafladaha lagu qabto hoteeladiisa iyo koorsooyinkiisa golf-ka, hantidiisana ma gelin kalsooni indho-la'aan ah, sidii madaxweynayaashii hore ay yeeli jireen. Bishii Agoosto 2025, shaacinta qasabka ah ee Trump ee maalgashiga ayaa muujisay in, tan iyo markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, uu sameeyay 690 iibsasho curaarta degmada iyo saamiyada shirkadaha oo wadartoodu ay dhan tahay ugu yaraan $104 milyan. Waxaa ku jiray saamiyada shirkadaha ay saameeyeen isbeddelada uu ku sameeyay siyaasadaha federaalka. Trump waxa uu meesha ka saaray hab-raacii anshaxa ee maamulkii hore iyo fulinta sharciyada mamnuucaya laaluushka iyada oo aan la samayn hab-raacyo anshaxeed oo rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay dadka loo magacaabayo siyaasadda, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay la soo galeen maamulkiisa "liiska aan caadiga ahayn ee weyn ee isku dhacyada xiisaha leh". Waxa uu meesha ka saaray eedeymihii musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ahaa siyaasiyiintii xiriirka la lahaa isaga wuxuuna joojiyay dhaqangelinta sharciga mamnuucaya in shirkadaha ka shaqeeya Mareykanka ay laaluushaan dowlado shisheeye. Trump wuxuu bilaabay, dallacsiiyay, oo shakhsi ahaan uga faa'iidaystay laba calaamadood oo cryptocurrency ah ("qadaadiicda meme"), $ Trump iyo $ Melania. Waxa kale oo uu si toos ah uga faa'iidaystay qoyskiisa shirkadda cryptocurrency World Liberty Financial , taas oo ku hawlan isku-dhafka aan horay loo arag ee ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay iyo siyaasadda dawladda. Bishii Luulyo 2025, maamulka Trump wuxuu Qatar ka aqbalay $400 milyan diyaarad qaali ah si uu ugu adeego Air Force One ilaa dhamaadka xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad ka dibna loo wareejiyo maktabadiisa madaxtooyada. Dib u habeynta sida Air Force One ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay ku kacayso ilaa $1 bilyan. ===Joojinta guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka=== Trump wuxuu ka hirgaliyay shaqo joojinta guud ahaan dowladda federaalka wuxuuna amray in shaqada teleefoonka shaqaalaha federaalka lagu joojiyo 30 maalmood gudahood. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in dib u eegis lagu sameeyo jagooyin badan oo shaqaale rayid ah oo xirfadeed iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in dib loogu kala saaro boosaska la rabo iyada oo aan lahayn ilaalin shaqo. Waxa uu bilaabay joojinta shaqada guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka, oo ay ku tilmaameen khabiirada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag ama ku xad-gudbay sharciga federaalka, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo shaqaale si aad ah ula socda ajendihiisa. Dabayaaqadii Febraayo, maamulku waxa uu shaqada ka eryay in ka badan 30,000 oo qof. Si loo fududeeyo joojinta dheeraadka ah, waxay qaadatay tarjumaad sharci oo cusub oo si weyn u ballaarinaysa qaybaha iyo wakaaladaha loo arko inay haystaan ​​​​ammaanka qaranka shaqadooda aasaasiga ah, oo ku dhawaaqaya ururada shaqaalaha federaalka ee kala duwan "cadow". Amarka fulinta dabayaaqadii March ee ku salaysan tarjumaaddan ayaa ka saaray daraasiin waaxyo iyo wakaaladaha barnaamijyada xiriirka maamulka shaqada ee federaalka , taasoo ku kaliftay inay dacweeyaan si ay u buriyaan heshiisyadooda gorgortanka wadareed , kaas oo ka saari kara ilaalinta ururka hal milyan oo shaqaale federaal ah. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in la joojiyo kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) mashaariicda dawladda federaalka wuxuuna ku meeleeyay shaqaalaha xafiisyada DEI fasax. Waxa uu buriyay Amarka Fulinta ee Lyndon B. Johnson ee 1965 ee 11246 , kaas oo amrayay in qandaraaslayaasha federaalku ay qaadaan tallaabo cad oo lagu joojinayo takoorka jinsiyadeed. Waxtarka Trump iyo Elon Musk 's Department of Government waxay si weyn u burburiyeen dhowr hay'adood oo federaal ah oo ay ku jiraan USAID iyo Waaxda Waxbarashada , iyagoo keli ah shaqada ka eryay dhowr kun oo shaqaale ah, waxayna hoos u dhigtay hawlaha maamulka ilaa ugu yaraan sharci. Ficilada qaar, sida isku dayga lagu burburinayo Xafiiska Ilaalinta Maaliyadeed ee Macmiilka , waxaa hakiyay maxkamadaha federaalka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisu waxay isku dayeen inay keenaan hay'ado madax-bannaan oo taariikhi ah oo hoos yimaada laanta fulinta oo si toos ah u hoos timaada qaabab yar. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga, 2025- hadda=== Sida madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horeysay, Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u hareer maray Xafiiska Xeer Ilaaliyaha Cafiska . Waxa uu ku rakibay siyaasad daacad ah Ed Martin kaas oo ku tilmaamay sababta cafis loo bixiyo "Ma jiro MAGA ka tagay". Cafiskii Trump iyo deeqaha naxariista waxay door bideen xulafada siyaasadeed iyo kuwa daacadda u ah, oo si aan loo kala sooc lahayn loo cafiyay "kuwa xoogga badan, caanka ah, si fiican ugu xiran iyo maalqabeenada" ee lagu eedeeyay dambiyada cadaanka ah. Trump waxa uu cafis u fidiyay dhammaan 6-dii January rabshadihii lagu xukumay ama lagu soo oogay maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee xafiiska, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa si xun u weeraray booliiska, isaga oo cafiyay in ka badan 1,500 oo uu cafiyay xukunnada 14. ===Siyaasadda gudaha, 2025- hadda=== Trump wuxuu ka dhaxlay dhaqaale adkeysi leh maamulka Biden, kobaca dhaqaalaha, shaqo la'aanta yar, iyo sicir bararka hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu ku amray wakaaladaha in ay joojiyaan dhaqan gelinta xeerarka aan la jeclayn iyaga oo isku dayaya in si weyn loo xakameeyo taasoo khubarada sharcigu ay ku tilmaameen sharci-darro iyo lid ku ah tobanaan sano ee sharciga federaalka. Waxa uu raadiyay in dawladdu ay maamusho ganacsiyo gaar ah oo uu ka tago dhaqanka suuqa xorta ah ee muxaafidka ah , halkii uu doorbidi lahaa hanti-wadaaga dawladda isaga oo si toos ah u qaadanaya saamiga dawladda ee sinnaanta shirkadaha waaweyn ee Maraykanka. Trump wuxuu joojiyay oo joojiyay deeqihii federaalka wuxuuna sameeyay dhimis ballaaran oo cilmi baaris ah, kuwaas oo dhowr ka mid ah ay heleen garsoorayaasha iyo Xafiiska Xisaabtanka ee Dowladda inay yihiin sharci darro iyo dastuuri. Waxa uu kor u qaaday diidmada isbeddelka cimilada iyo macluumaadka khaldan, oo u magacaabay saliidda, gaasta, iyo kiimikooyinka u ololeeya EPA si ay u beddelaan xeerarka cimilada iyo xakamaynta wasakhowga. Trump wuxuu ku tiirsanaa ku dhawaaqida xaaladaha degdegga ah ee qaranka si uu u caddeeyo boqollaal ficil oo uu ka gudbo ansixinta kongareeska ama dib u eegista sharciga. Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo tamarta qaranka ah, taasoo u oggolaanaysa joojinta xeerarka deegaanka, dabcinta sharciyada soo saarista shidaalka iyo xaddididda mashaariicda tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo. Waxa uu bilaabay dib-u-eegis ku saabsan "sharciga iyo sii socoshada ku-dhaqanka" ee raadinta khatarta EPA , taas oo ah saldhigga ugu badan ee xeerarka federaalka ee gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo, oo mar kale ka baxay US Heshiiskii Paris ee isbedelka cimilada. Burburinta hay'adaha dawladda ee fulinaya sharciyada ka dhanka ah musuqmaasuqa siyaasadeed iyo khiyaanada cad, Trump wuxuu hoos u dhigay Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Waaxda Cadaaladda Dadweynaha 30 ilaa shan qareen, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay 17 kormeerayaal madax -bannaan oo ka tirsan hay'adaha dawladda iyo 12 xubnood oo ka tirsan hay'adaha kormeerka madax-bannaan ee 7 iyo kormeerayaasha Xafiiska FBI-da ee Washington oo baaray eedeymaha musuqmaasuqa iyo musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ah saraakiisha dowladda iyo xubnaha Congress-ka. Wuxuu cafiyay ama laalay eedeymaha ka dhanka ah saraakiisha lagu eedeeyay musuqmaasuq. Trump wuxuu u aaneeyay dhibaatooyinka bulshada kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) hindisayaasha iyo baraarugga . Isbarbardhigga kala duwanaanshaha iyo karti-darrada, wuxuu beddelay siyaasadihii kala-duwanaanshaha ee dawladda federaalka. Waxa uu damcay in uu dib ugu sameeyo bulshada rayidka ah dookhiisa amarka fulinta. On DEI iyo nacaybka nacaybka, wuxuu u hanjabay hay'adaha dhaqanka iyo lixdan jaamacadood, wuxuuna ku qasbay shirkadaha sharciga inay u hoggaansamaan ajandihiisa siyaasadeed. Trump ayaa balaariyay adeegsiga gudaha ee ciidamada wuxuuna amray in la geeyo magaalooyin dhowr ah oo xisbiga Dimuquraadiga uu hogaamiyo , wuxuuna ku hanjabay inuu sii balaarin doono howlgalladiisa. ===Siyaasadaha ka-hortagga LGBTQ+=== Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadii labaad, Trump wuxuu bilaabay olole dagaal oo ka dhan ah LGBTQ + iyo gaar ahaan siyaasadaha ka-hortagga jinsiga ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba, oo maamulkiisu u soo bandhigay sidii wax looga qaban lahaa " fikirka jinsiga ". Siyaasadahan waxay doonayeen inay baabi'iyaan aqoonsiga federaalka ee dadka transgender-ka ah, ka xayuubinta dadka transgender ilaalinta sharciga iyo in laga tirtiro aqoonsiga trans ee nolosha guud. Iyadoo loo marayo amarro fulineed oo isdaba-joog ah iyo ficilo kale, maamulkiisu wuxuu si adag u qeexay jinsiga si adag bayoolooji dhalashada, laga mamnuucay dadka ka soo jeeda milatariga, xaddidan ama la daboolay daryeelka caafimaadka jinsiga, oo ka soo horjeeda luqadda loo dhan yahay , cilmi-baaris iyo agab waxbarasho oo faafreeb ah, iyo bartilmaameedyada dugsiyada, jaamacadaha, iyo xarumaha fikradda. Tallaabooyin dheeri ah ayaa ka mamnuucay ciyaartooyda transgender-ka ciyaaraha, helitaanka baasaboor xaddidan, waxayna sii hurisay dadaallada caalamiga ah ee lagu wiiqayo xuquuqda trans. Waxaa weheliya hadallo muujinaya dadka ka beddelka jinsiga inay yihiin khatar bulsho, siyaasadahani waxay kiciyeen caqabado sharciyeed oo baahsan, cambaarayn ka timid kooxaha xuquuqul insaanka, iyo kor u kaca socdaalka iyo sheegashooyinka magangelyo ee ay qabaan dadka isku jinsiga ah ee Maraykanka ah ===Hal Xeer Bill Qurux Badan=== Bishii Luulyo 2025, Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Sharcigu waxa uu ka dhigay dhimista cashuurta cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada 2017 mid joogto ah waxana uu ku daray cashuur dhimis dheeraad ah oo dhan ku dhawaad ​​$4.5 trillion, inta badan ka faa’iidaysanaysa dakhliga ugu sarreeya oo dadka ku kaca dakhliga ugu hooseeya $1,600 sanadkii; kordhinta dhaqaalaha difaaca qaranka, masaafurinta, darbiga xuduudka, iyo gaashaanka gantaalaha; lagana saaray cashuurtii laga qaadi lahaa mashaariicda tamarta nadiifka ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo ilaha tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo sida dabaysha iyo tamarta cadceedda iyo kuwa iibsada baabuurta korontada. Sharcigu wuxuu jaray maalgelinta Medicaid iyo SNAP wuxuuna ku daray shuruudo shaqo oo dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay u-qalmitaanka iyo $35 lacag-bixineed ee adeegyada Medicaid qaarkood; dhimista iyo shuruudaha dheeraadka ah ayaa dhaqan galaya ka dib doorashada guud ee 2026. Sharciga waxaa saadaaliyay Xafiiska Miisaaniyadda Kongareeska inuu ku kordhiyo dhimista miisaaniyada $3.4 trillion marka la gaaro 2034, sababa 11.8 milyan oo qof inay lumiyaan caymiska Medicaid, iyo meesha laga saaro dheefaha SNAP ee seddex milyan oo qof. ===Socdaalka, 2025- hadda=== Maalmihiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump waxa uu ku amray ilaalada xuduudaha in ay si kooban u tarxiilaan soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee ka soo gudbaya xadka, isaga oo curyaamiyay barnaamijka CBP One ee loo isticmaalay in lagu jadwaleeyo xuduudaha. Waxa uu dib u bilaabay hadhaagii siyaasadda Mexico , waxa uu kooxaha daroogada u magacaabay kooxo argagixiso ah, waxana uu amray in dib loo bilaabo dhismaha darbiga xuduudka. Hawlgallada masaafurinta ayaa marka hore diiradda saaray "liiska bartilmaameedka" ee dambiilayaasha la sameeyay ka hor xilliga labaad ee Trump. Kadibna maamulkiisu wuxuu meesha ka saaray magangelyo codsadayaasha ku guul daraystay inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha, waxay laashay xaaladda sii-daynta sharafeed ee muhaajiriinta ku soo galay US iyadoo la raacayo CBP One iyo CHNV sii-daynta sharafeed bini'aadantinimo, waxay isku dayeen inay ka saaraan dhalashada dhalashada , waxayna hakiyeen Barnaamijka Ogolaanshaha Qaxootiga . Bishii Maarso, wuxuu u adeegsaday Xeerka Cadawga Shisheeyaha ee 1798 si uu u xidho muhaajiriinta sharci darrada ah maxkamad la'aan -mid ka mid ah "khalad maamul" iyo inta badan iyada oo aan lahayn diiwaannada dambiyada -Xarunta Xakamaynta Argagaxisada ee El Salvador. Wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha , muhaajiriinta sharciga ah, dalxiisayaasha, iyo ardayda fiisaha leh kuwaas oo muujiyay dhaleeceynta siyaasaddiisa ama u doodista Falastiiniyiinta. Dhowr muwaadiniin Maraykan ah ayaa la xidhay oo la tarxiilay . ===Siyaasadda Dibadda, 2025- hadda=== Muddadii labaad ee Trump siyaasaddiisa arrimaha dibadda waxaa siyaabo kala duwan loogu sifeeyay Imperialist , balaarin , go'doomiye , iyo autarkist , iyadoo adeegsanaysa fikradda " America First " oo ah asaaskeeda. Maamulkiisu wuxuu door biday awood adag si uu u gaaro yoolalka siyaasadda dibadda, wuxuuna burburiyay ama ka laabtay taageerada ururada gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee u heellan horumarinta awoodda jilicsan ee Maraykanka . Dhaqdhaqaaqyada ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay hoos u dhigayaan saamaynta Maraykanka ee caalamiga ah iyo abuurista bannaan ay buuxiyeen Ruushka iyo Shiinaha . Xidhiidhka Trump ee xulafada waxa uu ahaa macaamil ganacsi oo u dhexeeyay danayn la'aan ilaa cadaawad, oo ay ku jiraan hanjabaad ku darida. Bishii Febraayo 2025, Trump iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka Vance waxay ku dhaleeceeyeen madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy kulan muran badan dhaliyay oo telefishinka laga sii daayay. Warbaahinta ayaa ku tilmaantay iska hor imaad aan hore loo arag oo dhex maray madaxweyne Maraykan ah iyo madax ajnabi ah . Trump iyo maamulkiisa imaan doona ayaa gacan ka geystay dhexdhexaadinta xabbad joojinta dagaalka Gaza oo ay weheliyaan maamulka Biden, oo la dhaqan galiyay maalin ka hor caleema saarkiisa. Bishii Maarso, Israa'iil waxay jebisay xabbad-joojintii . Siyaasadaha dhaqaalaha ee Trump ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo ilaalinaya , iyadoo Trump uu ku soo rogay canshuuraha dalalka intooda badan, oo ay ku jiraan canshuuraha waaweyn ee la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga ee Shiinaha, Canada, iyo Mexico. Wuxuu bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo caalami ah , isagoo ku soo rogay canshuuro heerkii ugu sarreeyay tan iyo 1930kii Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act ee bilawga diiqada weyn . Dhaqaale-yahannadu waxay ku doodeen in maamulku uu si khaldan u fahmay xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhimista ganacsiga iyo canshuuraha, iyaga oo isticmaalaya fikrado khaldan. Narendra Modi ayaa ka falceliyay 50 boqolkiiba tacriifta Trump ee soo dejinta Hindiya isaga oo sii xoojinaya xiriirka Shiinaha. Wuxuu hakiyay tabarucaadkii dhaqaale ee Maraykanku siin jiray Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka . ===Garsoorka, 2025 – hadda=== Garsoorayaasha federaalku waxay u arkeen qaar badan oo ka mid ah falalka maamulka inay yihiin sharci-darro. Ka dib dib-u-dhac xagga sharciga ah, Trump wuxuu kordhiyey dhaleeceynta garsoorka wuxuuna ku baaqay in la soo oogo garsoorayaasha federaalka ee isaga ka soo horjeeday. Wuxu u hanjabay, saxeexay tallaabooyinka fulinta, waxaanu amray in baadhitaan lagu sameeyo dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda, dhaleecaynta, iyo ururrada la safan Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga. Bartamihii Luulyo, falanqaynta Washington Post waxay ogaatay inuu ka soo horjeestay garsoorayaasha iyo maxkamadaha qiyaastii saddex meelood meel dhammaan kiisaska isaga ka dhanka ah, falalka ay ku tilmaameen khubarada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag maamul kasta oo madaxweyne ah. ( 654 ) Diidmada amarada maxkamada iyo sheegashadiisa xaq u lahaanshaha maxkamadaha waxay cabsi galisay khubarada sharciga qalalaasaha dastuuriga ah . Falanqaynta badan oo ay sameeyeen aqoonyahanno akadeemiyadeed iyo The New York Times waxay ogaadeen in labada garsoore ee Jamhuuriga iyo Dimuqraadigu ay heleen cillado badan oo dastuuri ah iyo qaanuuneed oo leh siyaasadaha maamulka Trump. Maamulkiisu wuxuu caddeeyey xuquuq dastuuri ah oo ah inuu iska indhatiro sharciga federaalka isagoo sabab uga dhigaya dhowr tallaabo sida diidmadiisa inuu dhaqan geliyo mamnuucista federaalka ee TikTok , iyada oo khubarada sharciga ay ku tilmaameen inay tahay "awood dastuuri ah oo lagu tallaalayo dhinacyada gaarka ah inay ku kacaan falal kale oo sharci darro ah iyada oo aan la ciqaabin". Waxa kale oo uu ku hawlanaa beegsiga aan hore loo arag ee shirkadaha sharciga iyo qareennada oo hore u matalay jagooyin lid ku ah naftiisa. ==Dhaqan siyaasadeed iyo hadal-hayn== Laga soo bilaabo ololihiisii ​​2016, siyaasadda Trump iyo hadal-hayntiisa ayaa horseeday abuuritaanka dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo loo yaqaan Trumpism. Mawqifkiisa siyaasadeed waa populist ,oo si gaar ah loogu tilmaamay populist garabka midig . Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inuu aqbalay xag-jirnimada midigta-fog , wuxuuna ka caawiyay inuu keeno fikradaha iyo ururrada midigta fog ee guud ahaan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisa iyo hadalladiisa ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Trump waxa uu ku riixay balaadhinta awoodda madaxweynanimada iyada oo la raacayo tafsiir maxalli ah oo ku saabsan aragtida fulinta midaysan . Saldhiggiisa siyaasadeed waxa la barbar dhigay cibaadaysi shakhsiyeed . Hadalka Trump iyo ficilkiisa ayaa lagu eedeeyay in uu abuuray oo uu uga sii daray cadhada iyo kalsooni darada iyada oo la adeegsanayo sheeko "annaga" iyo "iyaga" . Wuxuu si cad oo joogto ah u dhaleeceeyaa jinsiyadda, diinta, iyo qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay, iyo culimadu waxay si joogto ah u ogaadaan in nacaybka jinsiyadeed ee ku saabsan madowga, soogalootiga, iyo Muslimiinta ay yihiin saadaalinta ugu fiican ee taageerada Trump. Hadaladiisa waxa lagu tilmaamay in uu isticmaalay cabsi-cabsi iyo maangaabnimo taas oo sii xoogaysatay ololihiisii ​​madaxtinimada ee 2024 . Wuxuu sheegay inuu rumaysan yahay in awoodda dhabta ahi ay ka timaad cabsi. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Alt-right ayaa isku duubay oo taageeray musharaxnimadiisa, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay qayb ka mid ah diidmada dhaqamada kala duwan iyo socdaalka . Waxa uu leeyahay rafcaan xooggan oo loogu talagalay codbixiyayaasha Masiixiyiinta ah ee wacdiya iyo waddaniyiinta Masiixiyiinta ah , iyo dibad-baxyadiisa waxay qaataan calaamadaha, odhaahda, iyo ajandaha waddaniyadda Masiixiyiinta. Trump waxa uu sidoo kale u adeegsaday shuuci ka soo horjeeda hadaladiisa, isaga oo si joogta ah ugu yeeraya kuwa ka soo horjeeda " Communists " iyo " Marxists ===Aragtida jinsiyadeed iyo jinsiga=== Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinka iyo ficillada Trump ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsurinimo. Ra'yi ururin qaran oo 2018 ah, qiyaastii kala badh ka mid ah jawaab bixiyaasha ayaa sheegay inuu yahay cunsuri; in badan oo ka mid ah waxay aaminsanaayeen in uu ku dhiirraday cunsuriyiinta. Dhowr daraasadood iyo sahanno ayaa lagu ogaaday in dabeecadaha cunsuriyadu ay kiciyeen siyaasadiisa siyaasadeed oo ay aad uga muhiimsan yihiin arrimaha dhaqaalaha ee lagu go'aaminayo daacadnimada codbixiyayaasha Trump. Dabeecadaha cunsuriyiinta iyo Islaam nacaybka ayaa ah tilmaamo xooggan oo muujinaya taageerada Trump. Waxaa lagu eedeeyay cunsurinimo isagoo ku adkeystay koox ka kooban shan dhalinyaro madow iyo Latino ah inay kufsadeen haweeney caddaan ah kiiska 1989 Central Park jogger , xitaa ka dib markii laga saaray 2002. Sannadkii 2011-kii, Trump waxa uu noqday hoggaamiyihii hormoodka u ahaa fikradda shirqoolka cunsuriga ah ee "dhalasho" ee ah in Barack Obama, madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee madow ee Mareykanka, uusan ku dhalan Mareykanka. Waxa uu ku andacooday in uu ku cadaadiyay dawladda in ay daabacdo warqadda dhalashada Obama, taas oo uu u arkay in ay tahay khiyaano. Waxa uu qiray in Obama uu ku dhashay Maraykanka bishii Sebtembar 2016, inkasta oo la sheegay in uu si gaar ah u muujiyay aragtida dhalashada ee 2017. Intii lagu jiray ololihii doorashada 2024, wuxuu sameeyay weeraro been abuur ah oo ka dhan ah aqoonsiga jinsiyadeed ee ka soo horjeeda, Kamala Harris, kaas oo lagu tilmaamay inay xasuusinayaan fikradda shirqoolka dhalashada. Ololihiisii ​​2024 waxa uu si weyn u adeegsaday luqadda bini'aadantinimada ka-hortagga ah iyo fikradaha jinsiyadeed . Sannadkii 2025, wuxuu kor u qaaday sheegashooyinka beenta ah ee xasuuqa cadaanka ah ee Koonfur Afrika wuxuuna abuuray barnaamijka qaxootiga ee Koonfur Afrika . Trump ayaa caado u ah inuu dumarka xaqiro marka uu la hadlayo warbaahinta iyo baraha bulshada. Wuxuu sameeyay faallooyin xunxun, wuxuu naqdiyay muuqaalka dumarka, wuxuuna u tixraacay iyaga oo isticmaalaya ereyo sharaf leh. Laga bilaabo 2020, 26 dumar ah ayaa si fagaare ah ugu eedeeyay anshax-xumo galmo , oo ay ku jiraan kufsi, dhunkasho ogolaansho la'aan, xoqid, fiirinta goonnada haweenka hoostooda, iyo ku lugaynta tartamayaasha qaan-gaarka ee qaawan. Eedeymahaas wuu diiday. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, 2005 " murafoon kulul " ayaa soo baxay isaga oo ku faanaya dhunkashada iyo dhunkashada haweenka iyaga oo aan raalli ka ahayn, isaga oo leh, "Markaad xiddig tahay, waxay kuu oggolaadaan inaad sameyso. Wax kasta waad sameyn kartaa ... Ku qabo feerka . " Waxa uu faallooyinka ku tilmaamay "hadal-qol-badel". Dhacdadan oo si baahsan u soo bandhigtay warbaahinta ayaa keentay raaligelintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee dadweynaha, oo la duubay intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxweynaha 2016. ===Isku xirka rabshadaha iyo dembiyada nacaybka=== Trump ayaa loo aqoonsaday in uu fure u yahay kordhinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee Mareykanka, isaga oo ka dhan ah iyo mid ka dhan ah. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu ku qanacsan yahay xagjirnimada, aragtiyaha shirqoolka sida Q-Anon , iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada xagjirka ah ee midigta fog ilaa xad ka weyn madaxweyne kasta oo Maraykan ah oo casri ah, iyo ku lug lahaanshaha argagixisannimada stochastic . Cilmi-baaristu waxay soo jeedinaysaa in hadalka Trump uu la xiriiro kororka dhacdooyinka dembiyada nacaybka, iyo in uu leeyahay saameyn xoog leh oo ku saabsan muujinta dabeecadaha nacaybka ah sababtoo ah sida caadiga ah ee ereyada jinsiyadeed ee cad. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2016, wuxuu ku booriyay ama ammaanay weerarrada jireed ee ka dhanka ah dibad-baxayaasha ama wariyeyaasha. Eedeysaneyaal badan oo lagu baaray ama lagu soo oogay falal rabshado wata iyo dambiyada nacaybka ayaa soo xigtay hadalladiisa isagoo ku doodaya inaysan ahayn dambiile ama ay tahay inay helaan dabacsanaan. Dib u eegis dalka oo dhan ay samaysay ABC News bishii Maajo 2020 ayaa lagu aqoonsaday ugu yaraan 54 kiis oo danbi ah, laga bilaabo Agoosto 2015 ilaa Abriil 2020, kaas oo loogu yeedhay xidhiidh toos ah oo rabshado ama hanjabaado rabshado ah oo inta badan ay geystaan ​​ragga cadaanka ah iyo ugu horrayn ka dhanka ah dadka laga tirada badan yahay. Diidmada Trump ee ah in uu cambaareeyo kooxda cadaanka ah ee Proud Boys intii lagu jiray dooddii madaxweynenimada ee 2020 iyo faallooyinkiisii, "Wiilasha sharafta leh, istaaga oo garab istaaga", ayaa la sheegay in ay keentay in la kordhiyo shaqaaleysiinta kooxda Trump. Cilmi-baarayaasha la-dagaalanka argagixisanimada ayaa ku tilmaamay taariikhdiisa caadiga ah iyo dib-u-eegistiisa ee Janaayo 6 weerarkii Capitol, iyo bixinta naxariista dhammaan Janaayo 6 rabshad-wadayaasha , sida dhiirigelinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee mustaqbalka. ===Aragtiyo shirqool=== Tan iyo ka hor madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu kor u qaaday fikrado badan oo shirqool ah, oo ay ku jiraan Obama "dhalashada", diidmada isbedelka cimilada , iyo faragelinta Ukraine ee lagu eedeeyay doorashadii Mareykanka . Kadib doorashadii madaxweynaha ee 2020, wuxuu kor u qaaday fikradaha shirqoolka ee guuldaradiisa kuwaas oo lagu sifeeyay " beenta weyn ===Hadalo been ah ama marin habaabin ah=== [[File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png|thumb|Xaqiiq-baarayaasha ka socda Washington Ku dhaji , Toronto Star , iyo CNN waxay soo ururiyeen xog ku saabsan "dacwooyin been ah ama marin-habaabin ah" (asalka orange) iyo "sheegashada beenta ah" (violet foreground).]] Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u sheegaa hadalo been abuur ah oo uu ku jiro hadalo fagaare ah, ilaa xad aan horay loo arag siyaasada Mareykanka . Beentiisu waa qayb gaar ah oo ka mid ah aqoonsigiisa siyaasadeed waxaana lagu tilmaamay inay tahay dab-damis . Hadaladiisa beenta ah iyo marin habaabinta ah waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin-hubi , oo ay ku jiraan The Washington Post , kaas oo 30,573 been abuur ah ama been abuur ah oo uu sameeyay intii lagu jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horreeyay, oo sii kordhaya waqti ka dib. Qaar ka mid ah been-abuurka Trump waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan faa'iido lahayn, halka kuwa kalena ay lahaayeen saameyn aad u fog, sida dhiirrigelintiisa aan la hubin ee dawooyinka ka hortagga duumada sida daaweynta COVID-19, taasoo keentay yaraanta Maraykanka ee daawooyinkan iyo iibsashada argagaxa ee Afrika iyo Koonfurta Aasiya. Macluumaad kale oo khaldan, sida si khaldan loogu sheegay kororka dambiyada England iyo Wales "fidinta argagixisada xagjirka ah", waxay u adeegtay ujeedooyinkiisa siyaasadeed ee gudaha. Weeraradiisa waraaqaha waraaqaha boostada iyo dhaqamada kale ee doorashada ayaa wiiqay kalsoonida dadweynaha ee hufnaanta doorashada madaxweynaha 2020, halka xog-warrankiisa ku saabsan masiibada uu dib u dhigay oo uu wiiqay jawaabta qaranka ee ku wajahan. Caadiyan kama cudur daarato beentiisa. Ilaa 2018, warbaahintu marar dhif ah ayay beentiisa ugu yeertay been, oo ay ku jirto markii uu ku celceliyay hadallo been abuur ah. ===Baraha bulshada=== Joogitaanka baraha bulshada ee Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha caalamka kadib markii uu ku biiray Twitter-ka sanadkii 2009. Waxa uu si isdaba joog ah u soo dhigayay ololihiisii ​​2016-kii iyo intii uu madaxweyne ahaa ilaa Twitter-ka uu mamnuucay ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo. Wuxuu inta badan isticmaali jiray Twitter si uu si toos ah ula xiriiro dadweynaha oo uu u leexiyo saxaafadda; ee 2017, xoghayntiisa saxaafadda ayaa sheegay in tweets- kiisa uu ka kooban yahay bayaannada rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2024 iyo madaxweynanimada labaad wuxuu si joogta ah u dhajiyay waxyaabo AI-soo saaray naftiisa sida astaanta dhaqanka pop-ka ama muhaajiriinta ku jeesjeesa. Ka dib sanado badan oo dhaleecayn ah oo loogu ogolaaday Trump in uu ku dhejiyo macluumaad khaldan iyo been abuur, Twitter ayaa bilaabay in uu ku dhejiyo qaar ka mid ah tweetskiisa hubinta xaqiiqda May 2020. Isagoo ka jawaabaya, wuxuu sheegay in shabakadaha warbaahinta bulshada "gebi ahaanba aamusin" muxaafidka oo uu "si adag u xakameyn doono, ama xidhi doono". Kadib weerarkii Janaayo 6, waxaa laga mamnuucay Facebook , Instagram , Twitter, iyo aalado kale. Luminta joogitaankiisa warbaahinta bulshada ayaa hoos u dhigtay awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu qaabeeyo dhacdooyinka oo la xidhiidha hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid mugga macluumaadka khaldan ee Twitter. Bishii Feebaraayo 2022, waxa uu bilaabay bar-kulanka bulshada ee Truth Social halkaas oo uu ku soo jiitay qayb ka mid ah Twitterkiisa. Elon Musk , ka dib markii uu helay Twitter , wuxuu dib u soo celiyay akoonkiisa Twitter bishii Noofambar 2022. Mamnuucidda labada sano ee Meta Platforms ayaa dhacay Janaayo 2023, taas oo u ogolaatay inuu ku laabto Facebook iyo Instagram. ===Xiriirka saxaafadda=== [[File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg|thumb|Isagoo saxaafadda la hadlaya, March 2017]] Trump waxa uu raadiyay dareenka warbaahinta intii uu ku jiray xirfadiisa, isaga oo ilaalinaya xidhiidhka "jacaylka iyo nacaybka" ee uu la leeyahay saxaafadda. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ka faa'iideystey qaddarka rikoorka ah ee warbaahinta xorta ah, oo lagu qiyaasay $ 2 bilyan. Musharrax ahaan iyo madaxweyne ahaan, wuxuu si joogta ah ugu eedeeyay saxaafadda eexda, isaga oo ku tilmaamay "warbaahinta wararka been abuurka ah" iyo " cadowga dadka ". Madaxtinimadii ugu horreysay ee Trump ayaa hoos u dhigtay war-bixinnada rasmiga ah ee saxaafadda ee boqolkii 2017 ilaa kala badh taas 2018 iyo laba 2019; waxa ay sidoo kale kala noqdeen sharcigii saxaafadeed ee laba wariye oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo ay maxkamaduhu dib u soo celiyeen. Trump's 2020 ol'olihii madaxtinimo wuxuu dacweeyay New York Times , Washington Post , iyo CNN ka dib markii uu aflagaadeeyay qaybo ra'yi ah oo ku saabsan mawqifkiisa faragelinta doorashada Ruushka. Dhammaan dacwadihii waa la diiday. Sannadkii 2024, Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u muujiyay taageerada uu ku mamnuucayo diidmada siyaasadeed iyo dhaleeceynta, wuxuuna sheegay in weriyeyaasha waa in lagu dacweeyaa si aanay u sheegin ilo qarsoodi ah iyo shirkadaha warbaahintu waa inay suurtogal tahay inay lumiyaan shatiyadooda baahinta wararka aan fiicnayn ee isaga. Markii dib loo doortay, Trump wuxuu bilaabay dacwooyin wuxuuna abuuray liis madow oo ka dhan ah warbaahinta qaar, wuxuuna la wareegay nidaamka ay wadaan ururka saxafiyiinta Aqalka Cad si uu u doorto xarumaha ay galaangal u leeyihiin. Halkii loo hoggaansami lahaa amarka maxkamadda ee lagu soo celin lahaa gelitaanka Associated Press , Aqalka Cad wuxuu sameeyay siyaasad xaddidan oo la heli karo dhammaan adeegyada siligga. Guddiga Isgaarsiinta Federaalka ayaa bilaabay baaritaanno lagu sameeyo xarumaha warbaahinta ee lagu eedeeyay eex isaga ka dhan ah. Natiijadii hanjabaadda Trump, madaxda warbaahinta waxay ku amreen saxafiyiinta iyo shaqaalahooda inay is-faafreebaan oo ay yareeyaan dhaleeceynta Trump, iyo CBS waxay isku raaceen inay abuuraan Ombudsman si ay ula socdaan kanaalada wararka si ay xididdada ugu siibaan "eex" CBS News. Bishii Luulyo 2025, wuxuu dacweeyay wargeyska Wall Street Journal daabacaadda sheeko la xiriirta saaxiibtinimadiisii ​​hore ee dembiilaha galmada ee Jeffrey Epstein , taasoo calaamad u ah markii ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne fadhiya uu dacweeyo urur warbaahineed eedeymo sumcad dil ah. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== ===Qoyska=== 1977, Trump wuxuu guursaday Ivana Zelníčková . Waxay lahaayeen saddex carruur ah: Donald Jr. (b. 1977), Ivanka (b. 1981), iyo Eric (b. 1984). Lammaanaha ayaa is furay 1990-kii, ka dib markii uu xiriir la yeeshay moodelka iyo atariishada Marla Maples . Isaga iyo Maples waxay guursadeen 1993 waxayna is fureen 1999. Waxay leeyihiin hal gabadh, Tiffany (b. 1993), oo Maples ku kortay California. Sannadkii 2005, wuxuu guursaday moodelka Slovenia Melania Knauss . Waxay leeyihiin hal wiil, Barron (b. 2006). ===Xiriirka Jeffrey Epstein=== Trump waxa uu saaxiibtimo 15 sano ah la lahaa Jeffrey Epstein ; Dadkii markaas yaqaannay waxay sheegeen inay si joogta ah u garaaci jireen oo ay u tartami jireen dumarka. Dareenka warbaahinta iyo cadaadiska dadweynaha ayaa kordhay 2025, markii maamulkiisu uusan sii dayn faylasha la xidhiidha Epstein , inkastoo Trump uu ballanqaaday inuu sidaas samaynayo intii lagu jiray ololaha 2024. ===Caafimaadka=== Trump waxa uu sheegay in aanu waligii cabbin khamri, sigaar cabin, ama aanu isticmaalin daroogo. Wuxuu seexdaa qiyaastii afar ama shan saacadood habeenkii. Waxa uu golfing ugu yeedhay "qaabka jimicsiga aasaasiga ah", laakiin inta badan ma socdo koorsada. Wuxuu u arkaa jimicsigu inuu yahay tamar tamar sababtoo ah wuxuu aaminsan yahay in jirku yahay "sida batteriga oo kale, oo leh qadar xaddidan oo tamar ah", kaas oo lagu dhammeeyo jimicsiga. Sannadkii 2015, ololahiisu wuxuu sii daayay warqad ka timid dhakhtarkiisii ​​gaarka ahaa ee Harold Bornstein , isagoo sheegay inuu " noqon doono shakhsiga ugu caafimaadka badan ee abid loo doorto madaxweynaha". Sannadkii 2018, Bornstein wuxuu sheegay in Trump uu amar ku bixiyay nuxurka warqadda iyo in saddex ka mid ah wakiillada Trump ay qabsadeen diiwaankiisa caafimaad bishii Febraayo 2017 ee xafiiska Bornstein. ===Diinta=== Trump wuxuu sheegay 2016 inuu ahaa Presbyterian iyo Protestant . Sannadkii 2020, wuxuu sheegay inuu yahay Masiixi aan diin-nabi ahayn . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar badan ayaa su'aal ka keenay qoto dheeraanta xiriirka diimeed. Baadhitaan la sameeyay intii lagu guda jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee Trump (2017-2021) ayaa muujisay in boqolkiiba 63 dadka Maraykanku aanay rumaysnayn in uu diin yahay, inkasta oo uu aaminsan yahay in uu Masiixi yahay, boqolkiiba 44 oo keliya dadka Maraykanka ah ayaa aaminsan in Trump uu yahay Masiixi. Qaar ka mid ah faallooyinka Trump ee Kitaabka Qudduuska ah ama dhaqanka Masiixiga ayaa horseeday in dadka indha indheeya ay soo jeediyaan in aqoonta uu u leeyahay Masiixiyadda ay tahay mid maqaar-saar ah ama khalad ah, qaar yar oo taariikh-nololeed ah ayaa ku tilmaamay Trump mid qoto dheer ama xitaa diineed. Waqtigiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu u magacaabay wadaadkiisa gaarka ah iyo lataliyaha ruuxiga ah, milyaneer teleefaanjiste Paula White-Cain , Xafiiska Xiriirka Dadweynaha ee Aqalka Cad . Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad, wuxuu u magacaabay lataliyeheeda sare Xafiiska cusub ee rumaysadka ee Aqalka Cad . ==Qiimaynta== ===Sawirka dadweynaha=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee Trump, laga bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2020, qiimeynta oggolaanshaha caalamiga ah ee hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos uga dhacday 22 boqolkiiba ra'yi ururin Gallup ee 134 waddan ilaa 16 boqolkiiba - oo ka hooseeya Shiinaha Xi Jinping iyo Vladimir Putin ee Ruushka - ee Pew Research ra'yi ee 13 waddan. Sannadka 2017, qiyaasta hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos u dhacday inta badan xulafada. Gudaha, xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu lahaa taageerada ugu weyn ee xisbiyada: 88 boqolkiiba Jamhuuriga iyo 7 boqolkiiba Dimuqraadiyiinta. Codbixintii Gallup ee 2021, wuxuu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan waligii gaadhin 50 boqolkiiba oggolaanshaha, wuxuuna ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aan la magacaabin ee loogu riyaaqay sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska. Muddadii labaad ee rubuciisii ​​​​hore sida uu qabo Gallup, oggolaanshaha Trump wuxuu ahaa 45 boqolkiiba - xoogaa ka wanaagsan xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, oo aad uga hooseeya celceliska boqolkiiba 60 ee madaxweynayaasha kale. Taageeradu waxa ay ahaan jirtay mid aan kala fogayn; Waxa uu helay oggolaanshaha boqolkiiba 90 ee Jamhuuriga, 37 boqolkiiba madax-bannaanida, iyo boqolkiiba 4 ee Dimuqraadiyiinta. Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad wuxuu sidoo kale arkay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid ra'yiga dadweynaha caalamiga ah ee Maraykanka ===Qiimaynta cilmiga=== Ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee Trump, taariikhyahanadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen Trump inuu yahay madaxweynihii afraad ee ugu xumaa sahanka C-SPAN ee 2021 ee taariikhyahannada madaxtooyada. Waxa uu ku qiimeeyay kuwa ugu hooseeya qaybaha sifooyinka hogaaminta ee awooda akhlaaqda iyo xirfadaha maamulka. Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Siena College 's 2022 sahanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay kan saddexaad. Waxa uu ku jiray kaalmaha ugu hooseeya dhammaan qaybaha marka laga reebo nasiibka, rabitaanka khatarta, iyo hoggaanka xisbiga, waxaanu ka galay kaalinta ugu dambeeya dhowr qaybood. 2018 iyo 2024, xubno ka tirsan Ururka Sayniska Siyaasadda Mareykanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay madaxweynaha ugu xun. ==Xusuusin== a:Bilowgii markii Trump uu saddex sano jirsaday, aabbihii waxa uu siin jiray mid kasta oo carruurtiisa ka mid ah $6,000 sannadkii, lacagta ugu badan ee la oggol yahay iyada oo aan la gelin cashuur hadiyadeed. Si looga fogaado cashuuraha, Fred waxa uu ka dhigay mulkiilayaal laba ka mid ah dhismooyinkiisa guri, isaga oo bixinaya midkiiba $13,928 kirada sannad kasta b:Later , 2015, wuxuu ugu hanjabay dugsigiisa sare, kulliyadaha, iyo Guddiga Kulliyadda tallaabo sharci ah haddii ay sii daayaan diiwaankiisa waxbarasho. C:UPenn's 1968 barnaamijka bilawga ah wuxuu ku taxayaa Trump inuu helay shahaadada koowaad ee Sayniska ee Dhaqaalaha oo aan ahayn qaataha Sharafta Tacliinta d:Kadib Trump waxa uu ku dayan doonaa Peale's Awooda Fikirka Toosan ee Farshaxanka Heshiiska e:Doorashada madaxweynahaee Maraykanka waxaa go'aamiya kulliyadda doorashada Gobol kastaa wuxuu magacaabayaa tiro codbixiyeyaal ah oo la mid ah matalaadda Congress-ka iyo (gobollada intooda badan) dhammaan cod-bixiyayaashu waxay u codeeyaan cidda ku guulaysata codbixinta caanka ah ee gobolkooda. f:Madaxweyne Jamhuuri ah oo ay weheliyaan Jamhuuriga gacanta ku haysa labada gole ee Congress-ka g:CBS kama helin wax diiwaan ah oo dambi ah 75% dadka Venezuela ee la xiray. h: 2025, Pew Research waxay ogaatay dad ku nool dalal badan (12 ka mid ah 20 iyo 4 xiriir) waxay u arkeen Shiinaha inuu yahay dhaqaalaha ugu horreeya adduunka. ==Tixraac== [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html "Michael Cohen ayaa sheegay in Trump uu u sheegay in uu ugu hanjabay iskuulada in aysan sii deynin darajooyinka"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/politics/donald-trump-roy-cohn.html "Muxuu Donald Trump Ka Bartay Ninka Gacanta Midig Ee Joseph McCarthy] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo Kharashka Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka: Addenda et Corrigenda] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo sida Burburiyaha Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka] [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/donald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship "Sidee Donald Trump iyo Roy Cohn's arxan la'aanta Symbiosis u beddeshay Ameerika"] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/jun/21/hillary-clinton/yep-donald-trumps-companies-have-declared-bankrupt/ "Haa, shirkadaha Donald Trump waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay kiciyeen...in ka badan afar jeer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html "Trump waxa uu ku hawlanaa qorshayaal cashuureed oo laga shakisan yahay isaga oo ka guranaya maalkii Aabihiis"] [https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel "Taariikhda dabaylaha ah ee mashruucii ugu horeeyey ee hantida maguurtada ah ee Manhattan ee Donald Trump"] {{Wayback|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel |date=20211009191253 }} [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father "Sheekada beenta ah ee Trump wuxuu ku dhisay boqortooyadiisa 'amaah yar' oo uu ka helay aabihiis"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html "Trump, New Yorker inta nool, wuxuu naftiisa ku dhawaaqay inuu yahay degane Florida"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html "Trump's Plaza Hotel Planruptcy Plan waa la ansixiyay"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html "Trump waxa uu ka iibinayaa Hotel Plaza maalgashadayaasha Sucuudiga iyo Aasiya"] [https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-irs-audit-chicago-hotel-taxes "Hanti-dhawrka IRS ee Trump wuxuu ku kacayaa kharash ka badan 100 milyan oo doolar" Madaxweynihii hore] [https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ "Xaqiiqda ku saabsan kor u kaca iyo dhicitaanka Donald Trump ee Boqortooyada Atlantic City"] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ "Markii Afraad ee Soojiidashada: Sida Donald Trump Uga Sameeyey Fasaxa Isaga] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html "Wax kasta oo ku dhacay qoorta Trump? Way dhammaatay. Sidoo kale waa inta badan boqortooyadii ganacsiga ee Trump"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Toban sano oo Casaanka ah: Tirooyinka Canshuurta ee Trump ayaa muujinaya in ka badan $ 1 bilyan oo khasaare ganacsi ah"] [https://cnn.com/2016/08/22/politics/donald-trump-activist-investor/ "Xilligii Gordon Gekko: Donald Trump ee faa'iidada iyo wakhtiga muranka badan ee maal-galiye firfircoon"] [https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think "Waa maxay sababta uu Donald Trump u leeyahay xiddiga caanka ah ee caanka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee? Ma aha sababta aad u maleyneyso "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-donald-trump-retooled-his-charity-to-spend-other-peoples-money/2016/09/10/da8cce64-75df-11e6-8149-b8d05321db62_story.html "Sida Donald Trump uu dib ugu habeeyey hay'addiisa samafalka si uu u isticmaalo lacagta dadka kale"] [https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/18/media/vince-mcmahon-donald-trump-payments/index.html "Baaritaanno lagu sameeyay lacag-bixinnada xannibaadda ee Vince McMahon ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay soo saareen deeqaha samafalka ee Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html "Trump Foundation waxay amartay inay joojiso lacag ururinta xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee NY"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest "Donald Trump si uu u kala diro aasaaskiisa samafalka ka dib markii ay sii kordhayaan cabashooyinka"] [https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 "Madaxweyne Donald Trump waxa uu amray in uu bixiyo $2M si loo ururiyo hay'adaha aan macaash doonka ahayn taas oo qayb ka ah dacwadda madaniga ah"] [https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12 "Taariikhda dheer ee Trump ee Deutsche Bank waxay hadda noqon kartaa xarunta baaritaanka Robert Mueller"] [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christophermassie/theres-hours-of-audio-of-donald-trumps-nationally-syndicated "Waxaa jira saacado maqal ah oo ah Bandhigga Raadiyaha Qaranka ee Donald Trump's Syndicated 2000-meeyadii"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ "Sida warbaahinta muxaafidka ahi ula wareegayso xisbiga Jamhuuriga"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/02/04/trump-resigns-screen-actors-guild/ "Iyadoo uu wajahayo cayrinta, Trump wuxuu iska casilayaa xubinnimada jilayaasha shaashadda: 'Waxba iima aadan sameynin'] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ "Bush wuxuu yidhi Trump wuxuu ahaa Dimuqraadi in ka badan Jamhuuriga" tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay'] [https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/donald-trump-was-once-a-registered-democrat-and-party-donor-why-did-he-jump-ship/wj85mj5yq "Donald Trump mar wuxuu ahaa deeq bixiye dimuqraadi ah iyo xisbi, haddaba muxuu markabka u booday?"] [https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/ "Donald Trump wuxuu u tartamay madaxweyne sannadkii 2000 dhowr xisbi oo dib u habayn ah] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race "Donald Trump wuxuu ku guuldarreystay inuu ka baxo tartanka doorashada madaxtinimada Mareykanka ee 2012"] [https://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489476187/trump-s-second-amendment-comment-fit-a-pattern-of-ambiguous-speech "Khudbada muranka badan dhalisay ee Donald Trump inta badan way socotaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/ "Su'aalaha Trump wuxuu u baahan yahay NATO, wuxuu qeexayaa siyaasadda dibadda ee aan dhexdhexaad ahayn"] [https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ "Donald Trump wuxuu jebiyey taariikhda dhow isagoo aan soo celin canshuur celinta"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Donald Trump Waxa Uu Qiray In Aanu Bixin Cashuuraha Dakhliga Dowladda Dhexe Muddo Sanado Ah"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html "Tiro taariikhi ah oo codbixiyeyaal ah ayaa xumaaday, waxaana intooda badan loo malaynayaa inay u codeeyaan Clinton"] [https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ "Guusha Trump tusaale kale oo ku saabsan sida Kuliyada Doorashada ay u guuleysato ayaa ka weyn codadka dadweynaha"] [https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience "Donald Trump wuxuu noqon doonaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee Maraykanka ee aan lahayn khibrad siyaasadeed iyo mid milatari"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html "Dacwad ku saabsan xadgudubyada Emoluments Trump waxay kasbatay soo jiidashada maxkamadda"] [https://cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/emoluments-supreme-court-donald-trump-case/ "Maxkamadda sare waxay meesha ka saartay kiisas ka dhan ah Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-donation-salary-white-house/2021/07/29/07723234-efd9-11eb-bf80-e3877d9c5f06_story.html "Trump ma raacay ballan qaadkiisii ​​ahaa in uu ku deeqayo 6-dii bilood ee ugu dambeysay mushaarkiisa madaxtinimo? Waa wax qarsoon"] [https://www.citizensforethics.org/reports-investigations/crew-reports/trump-likely-benefited-from-13-6-million-in-payments-from-foreign-governments-during-his-presidency "Trump waxay u badan tahay inuu ka faa'iidey $13.6 milyan oo ay bixiyeen dowlado shisheeye intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/08/trump-jobs-record/ "Trump wuxuu lahaan doonaa rikoodhkii ugu xumaa ee shaqooyinka taariikhda casriga ah ee Maraykanka. Kaliya maaha masiibada"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html "Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka 2017-kii inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Moscow ee doorashada Mareykanka"] [https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ "Xidhiidh badan oo badan, badan, badan, xiriir badan ayuu Donald Trump la leeyahay Ruushka"] {{Wayback|url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |date=20170228022233 }} [https://www.9news.com.au/world/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-investigation-started-with-alexander-downer-interview/16121e23-bdfc-4f32-9822-e4a7f841e3e4 "Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah: Baadhitaanka Trump ee Ruushka ayaa ka bilaabmay waraysiga Alexander Downer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/us/politics/trump-russia-justice-department.html "Xafiiska Cadaaladda. Weligaa si buuxda uma baarin xiriirka Trump ee Ruushka, saraakiishii hore ayaa yiri "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/30/trump-briefly-acknowledges-that-russia-aided-his-election-falsely-says-he-didnt-help-effort/ "Trump wuxuu si kooban u qirayaa in Ruushku gacan ka geystay doorashadiisa - wuxuuna si been abuur ah u sheegay inuusan gacan ka geysan dadaalka"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/328637/last-trump-job-approval-average-record-low.aspx "Oggolaanshaha shaqada ee Trump ee u dambeeyay 34%; Celceliska waa Rikoor-hoosee 41%"] [https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ "Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee la doortay ee Maraykanka oo aan loo magacaabin ninka loogu jecel yahay Maraykanka sannadkiisii ​​ugu horeeyay"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/655955/trump-inaugural-approval-rating-historically-low-again.aspx "Qiimaynta Ansixinta Daahfurka ee Trump waa mid taariikhiyan mar kale hooseysa"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/11/opinion-of-us-has-worsened-in-countries-around-world-in-last-year-survey-shows "Fikirka Mareykanka ayaa ka sii daray dalalka adduunka sannadkii hore, sahan ayaa muujinaya"] [https://www.c-span.org/presidentsurvey2021/ "Sahaminta Taariikhyahanada Madaxweynaha 2021"b] [https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/trump-cspan-president-ranking-497184 "Trump wuxuu ku soo baxay kaalinta 41-aad ee qiimeynta madaxtinimo ee C-SPAN"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/06/30/presidential-rankings-2021-cspan-historians/ "Taariikhyahanadu waxay kaliya doorteen madaxweynayaasha. Trump ma ahayn kii ugu dambeeyay"] [https://scri.siena.edu/2022/06/22/american-presidents-greatest-and-worst/ "Madaxweynayaasha Mareykanka: kan ugu weyn uguna xun"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/19/opinion/how-does-trump-stack-up-against-the-best-and-worst-presidents.html "Fikirka: Sidee buu Trump uga soo horjeedaa kuwa ugu fiican - iyo kan ugu xun - madaxweynayaasha?"] [https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1232447088/historians-presidents-survey-trump-last-biden-14th "Sahanka maalinta madaxweynayaasha taariikhyahanada, Biden vs. Trump maaha wicitaan dhow"]{{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] g925vpnf9od0kkzrx9wfqospifizuep 299711 299710 2026-06-27T09:11:26Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Maalka */ Fixed grammar 299711 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald John Trump''' (wuxuu dhashay [[Juun]] [[14]], 1946) waa siyaasi [[Mareykan]] ah, shaqsi warbaahin ah, iyo ganacsade ah madaxweynaha 47-aad ee Mareykanka . Xubin ka tirsan Xisbiga Jamhuuriga , wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynihii [[45]]-aad ee [[2017]] ilaa 2021. {{Infobox officeholder | image = Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. THIS IS the new official portrait. See the talk page. --> | alt = Sawirka rasmiga ah ee Madaxweynaha 2025, Donald Trump, oo ah nin caddaan ah oo da’ ah, timo huruud khafiif ah leh, xirta surwaal iyo jaakad buluug ah oo leh surwaal laabta ah, taagan hortiisa calanka Maraykanka. | caption = Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2025. | order = 45aad & 47aad <!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] Waxay lahayd isfaham daciif ah oo lagu sii hayo xaaladda hadda jirta (ma jiro xiriir/ilaha lagu tixraaco).--> | office = Madaxweynaha Maraykanka | vicepresident = [[JD Vance]] | term_start = January 20, 2025 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Joe Biden]] | successor = | vicepresident1 = [[Mike Pence]] | term_start1 = January 20, 2017 | term_end1 = January 20, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Barack Obama]] | successor1 = Joe Biden | birth_name = Donald John Trump | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}} | birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]], U.S. | death_place = | party = [[Xisbiga Jamhuuriga (Mareykanka)|Jamhuuriyaan]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–Hadda) | otherparty = {{ubl | [[Xisbiga Dib-u-habaynta ee Mareykanka|Dib-u-habayn]] (1999–2001) | [[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga (Mareykanka)|Dimuqraadiga]] (2001–2009) | [[Siyaasi madax banaan|Madax banaan]] (2011–2012)}} | spouse = {{ubl | {{marriage|[[Ivana Trump|Ivana Zelníčková]]|1977|1990|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|1993|1999|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]]|2005}} }} | children = {{hlist | [[Donald Trump Jr. |Donald Jr.]] | [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] | [[Eric Trump|Eric]] | [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] | Barron }} | parents = {{ubl | [[Fred Trump]] | [[Mary Anne MacLeod]]}} | relatives = [[Qoyska Trump]] | education = [[Jaamacadda Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Shahaadada Sayniska|BS]]) | occupation = {{hlist | Siyaasi | Ganacsade | Shaqsiga warbaahinta }} | residence = [[Aqalka Cad]] | awards = | signature = Donald Trump (Presidential signature).svg | signature_alt = Saxeexa Donald J. Trump oo qaab farshaxan leh, lagu qoray khad. | website = {{ubl | {{URL|donaldjtrump.com|Campaign website}} | {{URL|trumplibrary.gov|Presidential library}} | {{URL|whitehouse.gov|White House website}} | {{URL|trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov|White House archives}} }} | module = {{Listen voice | filename = Donald Trump speaks on declaration of Covid-19 as a Global Pandemic by the World Health Organization.ogg | description = Trump oo ka hadlay bayaanka [[Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka|Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka]] [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 oo ah cudur faafa caalami ah]] | recorded = Maarso 11, 2020 }} }} Waxa uu ka dhashay qoys qani ah oo ku nool magaalada New York, Trump waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay jaamacadda Pennsylvania [[1968]]-dii isaga oo shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaatay cilmiga dhaqaalaha. Waxa uu noqday madaxweynaha ganacsiga hantida ma-guurtada ah ee qoyskiisa 1971-kii, waxa uu u bixiyay ururka Trump , waxa uuna bilaabay in uu helo oo dhiso dhismayaal dhaadheer, hoteello, casinos, iyo koorsooyin golf. Waxa uu bilaabay ganacsiyo dhinac ah, qaar badan oo shati siinaya magaca Trump, waxana uu xareeyay lix shil oo ganacsi 1990-meeyadii iyo 2000-meeyadii. Laga soo bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2015, wuxuu martigeliyay bandhigga telefishanka dhabta ah ee Tababbarka , isagoo xoojiyay caannimadiisa bilyaneer. Isaga oo isu soo bandhigaya siyaasad dibadda ka ah, Trump ayaa ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016-kii oo uu kula tartamay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary klinton . Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu soo rogay xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah toddobo waddan oo Muslimiin u badan, wuxuu ballaariyay darbiga xuduudka Mexico iyo Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaqan geliyey siyaasadda kala fogeynta qoyska ee xadka. Waxa uu dib u rogay xeerarkii deegaanka iyo ganacsiga, waxa uu saxeexay cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada , waxaanu magacaabay saddex garsoore oo Maxkamadda Sare ah. Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, Trump wuxuu ka saaray Mareykanka heshiisyada cimilada, ganacsiga iyo barnaamijka Nukliyeerka Iran, wuxuuna bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo uu la galo Shiinaha . Isaga oo ka jawaabaya masiibada COVID-19 laga soo bilaabo 2020, wuxuu hoos u dhigay darnaantiisa, wuxuu khilaafay saraakiisha caafimaadka, wuxuuna saxiixay Sharciga CARES . Ka dib markii uu lumiyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2020 ee Joe Biden , Trump wuxuu isku dayay inuu baabi'iyo natiijada , isagoo ku dhamaaday weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol 2021. Waxaa lagu riday 2019 ku takrifal awood iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka, iyo 2021 kicin kicin; guurtidu way ku wayday labada jeerba. 2023, Trump waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay kiisaska madaniga ah ee xadgudubka galmada ( Faylasha Epstein )iyo sumcad-dilista iyo khiyaanada ganacsiga . Waxaa lagu helay dambi ah inuu ka been abuuray diiwaannada ganacsiga 2024, taasoo ka dhigtay inuu noqdo madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Mareykan ah oo lagu helo dambi. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2024 ee Kamala Harris , waxaa lagu xukumay siidayn ciqaab la'aan ah , iyo laba eedeymo dambiile ah oo ka dhan ah haynta dukumentiyada sirta ah iyo carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 ayaa la eryay iyada oo aan eex lahayn. Kiis rafaad ah oo la xidhiidha doorashada 2020 ee Joorjiya waa la sugayaa. Trump wuxuu bilaabay madaxweynanimadiisii ​​labaad isagoo bilaabay shaqo ka cayrin ballaaran oo lagu sameeyay shaqaalaha federaalka . Wuxuu ku soo rogay canshuuraha ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan wadamada heerka ugu sarreeya tan iyo diiqada weyn wuxuuna saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Tallaabooyinka maamulkiisa - oo ay ku jiraan cabsi gelinta mucaaradka siyaasadeed iyo bulshada rayidka ah , masaafurinta soogalootiga, beegsiga dadka jinsiga ah, iyo isticmaalka ballaaran ee amarada fulinta - waxay soo saareen in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo ka soo horjeeda sharcinimadooda . Kiisaska caanka ah waxay hoosta ka xariiqeen tafsiirkiisa ballaadhan ee aragtida fulinta ee midaysan waxayna keentay khilaaf weyn oo lala galo maxkamadaha federaalka. Garsoorayaasha ayaa wax badan oo ka mid ah maamulkiisa ku tilmaamay kuwo sharci darro ah, waxaana dhowr jeer lagu tilmaamay kuwo aan sharciga waafaqsanayn. Laga soo bilaabo 2015, qaabka hoggaamineed ee Trump iyo ajandihiisa siyaasadeed - oo inta badan loo yaqaan Trumpism - ayaa wax ka beddelay aqoonsiga xisbiga Jamhuuriga. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinkiisa iyo ficilladiisa ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsuri ama caqli-xumo, wuxuuna sameeyay hadallo been abuur ah ama marin-habaabin ah wuxuuna kor u qaaday aragtiyaha shirqoolka heer aan horay looga baran siyaasadda Mareykanka. Tallaabooyinka Trump, gaar ahaan markiisa labaad, ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay ahaayeen kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geystay dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ka dib, aqoonyahanno iyo taariikhyahannadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen inuu yahay mid ka mid ah madaxweynayaashii ugu xumaa taariikhda Mareykanka Eedayno badana Waxa Loogu Soo jeediyay Dagaalkii Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan Iyo Difaaciisi Israa'iil iyo Carabta Bariga dhexe . ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== [[File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg|thumb|Akadeemiyada Militariga ee New York , 1964]] Donald John Trump waxa uu ku dhashay June 14, 1946, waxa uu ku dhashay cisbitaalka Jamaica ee ku yaala degmada New York ee degmada Queens , waana ilmihii afraad ee Fred Trump iyo Mary Anne MacLeod Trump . Waa Jarmal iyo Iskotish. Wuxuu ku koray walaalihiis ka weyn, Maryanne , Fred Jr. , iyo Elizabeth, iyo walaalkiis ka yar, Robert , oo ku yaal guri 23-qol ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Jamaica Estates ee Queens. Fred Trump wuxuu caruurtiisa siin jiray midkiiba $20,000 sanadkii, una dhiganta $265,000 sanadkii 2024. Trump wuxuu ahaa milyaneer doolarka sicir-bararka lagu hagaajiyay markuu siddeed jir ahaa. Trump wuxuu dhiganayay dugsiga gaarka loo leeyahay ee Kew-Forest ilaa fasalka toddobaad. Wuxuu ahaa ilmo dhib badan, wuxuuna muujiyay xiisaha hore ee ganacsiga aabihiis. Aabihii waxa uu ka diwaan galiyay New York Military Academy , dugsi boodhin ah oo gaar loo leeyahay, si uu u dhamaysto dugsiga sare. Akadeemiyadda ayaa ku riixday ardayda ciyaaraha isboortiga. waxayna bareen muhiimada guusha. Dugsigii sare, darajooyinkiisu way fiicnaadeen ilaa celceliska B. Trump wuxuu tixgeliyey xirfad ganacsi oo muujinaya, laakiin halkii, si uu ugu dhawaado guriga, wuxuu iska diiwaan geliyay Jaamacadda Fordham 1964. Waxa uu ka qaybqaatay barnaamijka Tababarka Saraakiisha Kaydka ah intii lagu jiray sannadkiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, isagoo dhiganayay fasallo ku labisan dharka ciidamada Arbacada kasta, laakiin wuxuu tuuray sannadkiisii ​​labaad. Wuxuu tuuray kubbadda cagta seddex ama afar usbuuc ka dib wuxuuna ahaa kubbadda cagta dhexdhexaad ah iyo ciyaartoy tennis ah. Asxaabtiisa Fordham waxay ku bareen golf. Sannadkiisii ​​yaraa, wuxuu u wareegay Dugsiga Wharton ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania , inta badan wuxuu u safri jiray xafiiska aabbihiis maalmaha fasaxa ah, wuxuuna ka qalin jabiyay Maajo 1968 oo uu ka qaatay shahaadada Sayniska ee dhaqaalaha. Kulliyadda ma ahayn ardaygii ugu sarreeyay ee uu mararka qaarkood sheegan jiray. Waqtigii uu aaday Wharton-halkaas oo uusan ka muuqan liiska kuwa hela abaalmarinta - wuxuu isha ku hayay xirfad ku taal hantida maguurtada ah. Waxa laga reebay qabyo-qoraalka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Vietnam sababtoo ah sheegashada lafaha cidhibtiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee shan sano oo uu ku jiray dugsiga milatariga, wax dan ah uma lahayn inuu dagaal galo. Koritaanka, wuxuu tixgeliyey aabbihiis iyo wadaadka qoyska, Norman Vincent Peale , inuu noqdo lataliyeyaashiisa. Aabihiis wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu yahay "boqor" iyo inuu yahay "dilaaye". Peale wuxuu ku wacdiyey isku kalsoonida sida dhiirigelinta barwaaqada. ==Xirfad ganacsi== ===Hanti ma guurto ah=== Laga bilaabo 1968, Trump waxa uu ka shaqaaleysiiyay Maareynta Trump, shirkadda aabbihiis ee hantida maguurtada ah, taas oo maamusha dhismayaasha dabaqyada dhexe ee Fred uu ka dhisay Queens , Staten Island , iyo Brooklyn . Hawlihiisa ugu muhiimsan waxay ahaayeen ururinta kirada iyo hagaajinta ilaa shan sano. Isagoo soo jiidasho leh iyo qaninimadiisa, Trump wuxuu ka codsaday aabihiis inuu ku ballaariyo Manhattan halkaas oo qiimihiisu sarreeyo, laakiin aabihiis ayaa ku qanacsanaa xaafadaha dibadda. 1971, wuxuu u guuray Manhattan halkaas oo uu qorsheeyay inuu u guuro ganacsiga wuxuuna u socdaalay xafiiska aabihiis. Sannadkaas, aabihiis wuxuu naftiisa ka dhigay guddoomiye iyo madaxweyne Trump, isaga oo kormeeraya 48 shirkadood oo gaar ah iyo 15 iskaashiga qoyska. Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ururka Trump u isticmaalo dalad ahaan magacyada shirkadaha ganacsi ee aabihiis. Roy Cohn , saamaynta hore ee Trump ee ugu muhiimsan aabihiis ka dib, wuxuu ahaa hagaajintiisa , qareenka, iyo lataliye. sannadihii 13 ee 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii. Cohn wuxuu baray Trump inuu u maleeyo in noloshu tahay macaamil ganacsi. 1973, Cohn wuxuu ka caawiyay Trump inuu ka soo horjeesto dawladda Mareykanka $ 100 milyan (oo u dhiganta $ 708 milyan 2024. eedeymaha ah in guryaha Trump ay takooreen codsadeyaasha madow iyo kireystayaasha. Eedihii Trump waa la laalay, waxaana kiiskii dawladda lagu dhameeyey Trumps oo saxeexay amar oggolaansho oo oggolaaday in meesha laga saaro. Afar sano ka dib, Trumps ayaa mar kale wajahay maxkamadaha markii lagu helay inay diidaan wareegtada. Caawinta mashaariicda Trump, Cohn wuxuu ahaa consigliere kaas oo isku xirka Mafia ay gacanta ku hayaan ururrada dhismaha. Sannadkii 1979-kii, Cohn wuxuu Trump u soo bandhigay la-taliyaha siyaasadda Roger Stone , kaasoo qoray adeegyada Stone si uu ula macaamilo dowladda federaalka. Trump waxa uu ka guuray istuudiyaha isaga oo u guuray guri guri leh oo aragti ah waxa uuna helay shatiga dilaalnimada guryaha bartamihii 1970-meeyadii. Kahor da'da soddon sano, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaankiisa dacwadda, iyada oo aan loo eegin natiijada iyo kharashka; xitaa markii laga badiyay, wuxuu kiiska ku tilmaamay guul. In ka badan soddon sano laga soo bilaabo 2018, Trump wuxuu ku lug lahaa in ka badan 4,000 oo dacwado ah, deymo, iyo faylalyo kale, oo inta badan loo xareeyay lacag la'aan isaga oo ka soo horjeeda shaqaalaha, qandaraaslayaasha, dilaaliinta guryaha, iyo qareenadiisa. Intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009 , Trump wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix ka mid ah ganacsigiisa: Plaza Hotel ee Manhattan, casinos ee Atlantic City, New Jersey , iyo Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts company. Sannadkii 1992, Trump, walaalihiis Maryanne, Elizabeth, iyo Robert, iyo ina-adeerkiis John W. Walter waxay samaysteen All County Building Supply & Maintenance Corp, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay 20 boqolkiiba. Shirkaddu ma lahayn xafiisyo waxaana lagu eedeeyay inay ahayd shirkad qolof ah oo bixisa bixinta adeegyada iyo saadka guryaha kiraynta Trump, ka dibna biilasha adeegyadaas iyo sahayda Maamulka Trump u dhigma 20-50 boqolkiiba iyo ka badan. Milkiilayaasha ayaa wadaagay dakhliga ka soo xarooday calaamaduhu. Kharashka la kordhiyey waxa loo isticmaalay in lagu helo ogolaanshaha gobolka ee kordhinta kirada unugyadiisa kirada-degan. Bishii Janaayo 1994, walaalaha waxay samaysteen Apartment Management Associates waxayna la wareegeen khidmadaha maaraynta ee ay hore u qaadi jirtay Maamulka Trump. Sidoo kale sicir-bararka kirada, qorshayaasha ayaa u adeegay in lagu wareejiyo hantida Fred Trump caruurtiisa iyo adeerka oo hoos loo dhigo culeyska canshuurta. ===Manhattan iyo Chicago horumarka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_with_model_of_Television_City.jpg|thumb|1985-kii oo wata moodal ka mid ah mashruuciisii ​​horumarinta Manhattan ee la soo riday ]] Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha dadweynaha 1978-dii markii uu bilaabay qoyskisa ganacsigii ugu horreeyay ee Manhattan: dib u cusboonaysiinta hudheelka Commodore ee burburay , oo ku dheggan Grand Central Terminal. Maalgelinta waxa fududeeyey $400 milyan oo cashuur dhimis ah oo hantida magaalada ah oo uu u habeeyey isaga oo uu aabbihiis u habeeyey kaas oo sidoo kale, si wada jir ah ula Hyatt , u dammaanad qaaday $70 milyan amaah dhismaha bangiga ah. Hudheelka ayaa dib loo furay 1980-kii isagoo ah Grand Hyatt Hotel , isla sanadkaas, wuxuu helay xuquuq uu ku horumarinayo Trump Tower , oo ah dhismo isku dhafan oo ku yaal Midtown Manhattan. Dhismuhu wuxuu ku yaalaa xarunta dhexe ee Trump Corporation iyo Trump's PAC wuxuuna ahaa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ilaa 2019. 1988, Trump wuxuu ku iibsaday Plaza Hotel isagoo dayn ka helay shirkado ay leeyihiin 16 bangi. Hudheelka ayaa loo gudbiyay ilaalinta musalsalka 1992, waxaana la ansixiyay qorshe dib-u-habayn bil ka dib, iyadoo bangiyada ay la wareegayaan hantida. Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu iska diiday in ka badan $3 bilyan oo deymo bangi ah, amaah-bixiyayaashuna waxay la wareegeen Hotel Plaza oo ay la socdaan badi hantidiisa kale "dib u habeyn ballaaran oo bahdilaad ah" taasoo u ogolaatay inuu ka fogaado khasaare shakhsi ah. Qareenka hogaanka bangiga ayaa sheegay go'aanka bangiyada in "dhammaan waxay isku raaceen in uu ka nolol fiicnaan lahaa dhimashada". Sannadkii 1996-kii, Trump waxa uu la wareegay oo dib u habayn ku sameeyay dhisme 71 dabaq ah oo inta badan bannaanaa oo ku yaalla 40 Wall Street , oo markii dambe loo beddelay Dhismaha Trump. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, wuxuu ku guuleystay xaqa uu u leeyahay inuu horumariyo dhul 70-acre (28 ha) ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Lincoln Square ee u dhow webiga Hudson. Isagoo ku dhibtoonaya deynta ganacsiyada kale ee 1994, wuxuu ka iibiyay inta badan danihiisa mashruuca maalgashadayaasha Aasiya, kuwaas oo maalgeliyay dhamaystirka mashruuca, Riverside South . Mashruucii ugu dambeeyay ee Trump ee dhismaha wuxuu ahaa 92-dabaq ee isku dhafan ee isticmaalka Trump International Hotel iyo Tower ee Chicago, kaas oo la furay 2008. 2024, The New York Times iyo ProPublica ayaa sheegay in Adeegga Dakhliga Gudaha uu baarayay haddii uu laba jeer qoray khasaaraha soo gaaray iyada oo loo marayo kharashka dhismaha iyo iibinta iibinta guryaha yar ee dib u celinta 8. ===casinos Atlantic magaalada=== [[File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg|thumb|Galitaanka Trump Taj Mahal ee Atlantic magaalada]] 1984, Trump wuxuu Harrah ka furay Trump Plaza , hudheel iyo casino, iyada oo maalgelin iyo caawimo maamul ay ka heshay Shirkadda Holiday . Waxay ahayd mid aan faa'iido lahayn, wuxuuna bixiyay Holiday $ 70 milyan bishii Maajo 1986 si uu keligiis u maamulo.  Sannadkii 1985-kii, waxa uu iibsaday hudheelka Atlantic City Hilton oo aan la furin oo uu u beddelay qalcadda Trump . Labada casinos waxay xareeyeen cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta 1992.  Trump wuxuu iibsaday goobta saddexaad ee Atlantic City 1988, Trump Taj Mahal . Waxaa lagu maalgeliyay $675 milyan oo doollar oo junk bonds ah waxaana lagu dhammeeyey $1.1 bilyan, oo la furay Abriil 1990. Waxa uu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta ee 1991. Sida ku cad qodobbada heshiiska dib-u-qaabaynta, waxa uu ka tanaasulay kala badh saamigiisii ​​hore oo shakhsi ahaan dammaanad qaaday waxqabadka mustaqbalka. Si uu u dhimo $900 milyan ee daynta gaarka ah, waxa uu iibiyay diyaaradda Trump Shuttle ; megayacht, Princess Trump , kaas oo laga kireeyay casinoskiisa oo lagu hayo; iyo ganacsiyo kale.  Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), kaas oo qaatay lahaanshaha Trump Plaza.  THCR waxa ay iibsatay Taj Mahal iyo Qasriga Trump 1996 waxana uu kacay 2004 iyo 2009, isaga oo ka tagay lahaanshaha boqolkiiba 10. Waxa uu ahaa guddoomiyaha ilaa 2009. ===Naadiyada Golf-ka=== Sanadkii 1985, Trump wuxuu la wareegay dhismaha Mar-a-Lago ee Palm Beach, Florida. Sannadkii 1995-kii, wuxuu u beddelay hantidii koox gaar ah oo leh lacag bilaw ah iyo kharashyo sannadle ah. Wuxuu sii waday inuu u isticmaalo baalka guriga sidii guri gaar ah. Waxa uu ku dhawaaqay naadigiisa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ee 2019. Waxa uu bilaabay dhisidda iyo iibsiga koorsooyinka golf- ka 1999-kii, isaga oo haysta 17 koorso golf ah 2016. ===Shati siinta magaca Trump=== Ururka Trump wuxuu inta badan shati u siiyay magaca Trump ee badeecadaha iyo adeegyada macaamiisha, oo ay ku jiraan cuntooyinka, dharka, koorasyada waxbarashada, iyo alaabta guriga. In ka badan 50 heshiisyada shatiga ama maamulka ayaa ku lug lahaa magaca Trump, isaga oo u soo saaray ugu yaraan $59 milyan shirkadihiisa. Sannadkii 2018, kaliya laba shirkadood oo alaabta macaamiisha ah ayaa sii waday inay sii wataan shatiga magaciisa. Intii lagu jiray 2000-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu magaciisa shati u siiyay horumarinta guryaha la dego ee adduunka oo dhan, 40 kuwaas oo aan waligood la dhisin. ===Dhaqdhaqaaqyada dhinaca=== [[File:Donald_Trump_and_Doug_Flutie_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Trump_Tower.jpg|thumb|1985 New Jersey Generals shir jaraa'id ee Trump Tower]] Sannadkii 1970-kii, Trump waxa uu galiyay $70,000 oo hantida aabbihiis ah si uu u helo biilasha isaga oo ka mid ah soo saaraha majaajilada Broadway-waxana uu lumiyay lacagtii. Ka dib markii uu u sameeyay dalabyo kubbadda hoose ee New York Mets iyo kooxihii Cleveland Indians baseball, 1983 ilaa $6 milyan, wuxuu iibsaday New Jersey Generals , koox ka tirsan Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Mareykanka . Horyaalka ayaa isku laabmay ka dib xilli ciyaareedkii 1985, oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku daygiisa inuu u guuro jadwalka dayrta (marka ay la tartami lahayd Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Qaranka ee dhagaystayaasha) iyo isku daygiisii ​​ahaa inuu ku qasbo ku biirista NFL isagoo keenaya suudh liddi ku ah. Trump iyo Hotelkiisa Plaza waxa ay marti galiyeen dhowr ciyaarood oo feerka ah hoolka shirarka ee Atlantic City Convention Hall . 1989 iyo 1990, wuxuu magaciisa ku siiyay tartanka tartanka baaskiilka ee Tour de Trump , isku dayga uu ku abuurayo Maraykan u dhigma jinsiyadaha Yurub sida Tour de France ama Giro d'Italia . Laga soo bilaabo 1986 ilaa 1988, wuxuu iibsaday qaybo badan oo saamiyo ah shirkado kala duwan oo dawladeed isagoo soo jeediyay inuu damacsan yahay inuu la wareego shirkadda kadibna uu iibiyo saamigiisa faa'iido, taasoo keentay in dadka indha indheeya ay u maleynayaan inuu ku hawlan yahay ganacsiga cagaaran .waqtiga New York waxay ogaatay in uu markii hore malaayiin doolar ku sameeyay macaamil ganacsi oo noocaas ah, laakiin "luminaya inta badan, haddii aysan ahayn dhammaan, faa'iidooyinkaas ka dib markii maalgashadayaasha ay joojiyeen in ay si dhab ah u qaataan hadalkiisa". [[File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG|thumb|Xiddiga Trump ee Socodka caanka ah ee Hollywood]] 1988, Trump waxa uu iibsaday Shuttle-ka Diyaaradaha ee Bari , isaga oo ku maal-geliyay iibsiga $380 milyan (oo u dhiganta $1.01 bilyan ee 2024 oo amaah ah oo ka socota bangiyada 22. Waxa uu u beddelay shirkadda duulimaadka ee Trump Shuttle waxana uu ku shaqaynayey ilaa 1992. Waxa uu diiday deymihiisii ​​1991-kii, lahaanshahana waxa uu u gudbay bangiyada. 1996-kii, wuxuu soo iibsaday Miss Universe pageants, oo ay ku jiraan Miss USA iyo Miss Teen USA . Sababtoo ah khilaafyada CBS ee ku saabsan jadwalka, wuxuu u qaaday labada bog ee NBC ee 2002. 2007, wuxuu helay xiddig ku socda Hollywood Walk of Fame shaqadiisa soo saaraha Miss Universe. NBC iyo Univision waxay hoos u dhigeen boggaga bishii Juun 2015 iyaga oo ka falcelinaya faallooyinkiisa ku saabsan soogalootiga Mexico. Sannadkii 2005, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Jaamacadda Trump , oo ah shirkad iibisa siminaarada guryaha ilaa $35,000. Ka dib markii maamulka Gobolka New York ay ku wargaliyeen shirkadda in isticmaalkeeda "jaamacad" ay jabisay sharciga gobolka (maadaama aysan ahayn machad akadeemiyadeed), magaceeda waxaa loo beddelay Trump Entrepreneur Initiative 2010. Sannadkii 2013, Gobolka New York wuxuu gudbiyay $ 40 milyan dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Jaamacadda Trump, isagoo ku eedeeyay in shirkadu ay samaysay hadallo been abuur ah oo ay khiyaanaysay macaamiisha. Intaa waxaa dheer, laba tallaabo oo heer caalami ah ayaa laga gudbiyay maxkamad federaali ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyo shirkadihiisa. Dukumiintiyo gudaha ah ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in shaqaalaha lagu amray inay adeegsadaan qaab si adag loo iibiyo, waxaana shaqaalihii hore ay caddeeyeen in jaamacadda Trump ay khiyaameysay ama been u sheegtay ardaydeeda. Wax yar ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016, wuxuu ogolaaday inuu bixiyo wadarta $ 25 milyan si loo xalliyo saddexda kiis. ===Aasaaska=== Donald J. Trump Foundation wuxuu ahaa aasaaska gaarka ah ee la aasaasay 1988. Laga soo bilaabo 1987 ilaa 2006, Trump wuxuu siiyay aasaaskiisa $ 5.4 milyan, taas oo ku baxday dhammaadkii 2006 . Vince McMahon . Aasaaska ayaa la siiyay samafalka caafimaadka- iyo isboortiga la xiriira, kooxaha muxaafidka ah, iyo samafal oo qabtay munaasabadaha guryaha Trump. Sannadkii 2016, The Washington Post ayaa sheegtay in hay'ad samafal ahi ay geysatay dhowr xadgudubyo xagga sharciga iyo anshaxa ah, oo ay ku jiraan is-wax-ka-qabasho iyo canshuur lunsi . Sidoo kale 2016, xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York ayaa sheegay in aasaaska uu ku xad-gudbay sharciga gobolka iyadoo la codsanayo deeqaha iyada oo aan la soo gudbin xisaab-celinta dibadda ee sannadlaha ah ee loo baahan yahay oo uu ku amray inay joojiso hawlaheeda lacag-ururinta ee New York isla markiiba. Kooxda Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay December 2016 in aasaaska la burburin doono. Bishii Juun 2018, xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York wuxuu gudbiyay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah aasaaska, Trump, iyo caruurtiisa qaangaarka, iyagoo raadinaya $2.8 milyan oo magdhow ah iyo ganaaxyo dheeraad ah. Bishii Diseembar 2018, aasaaska shaqada wuu joojiyay oo wuxuu u qaybiyay hantidiisa hay'ado kale oo samafal ah. ]Bishii Noofambar 2019, garsooraha gobolka New York ayaa ku amray Trump inuu bixiyo $2 milyan oo doolar koox samafal ah oo si khaldan u isticmaalay lacagaha mu'asasada, qayb ahaan si loo maalgeliyo ololihiisa madaxtinimo. ===Arrimaha sharciga iyo kacsiga=== Marka loo eego dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyay faylalka maxkamadda gobolka iyo federaalka oo ay samaysay USA Today sanadkii 2018, Trump iyo ganacsigiisu waxay ku lug lahaayeen in ka badan 4,000 oo tallaabo sharci oo heer gobol iyo federaal ah. Inkastoo uusan u xarayn kicinta shakhsi ahaaneed , ganacsigiisa hudheelka iyo casinos ee Atlantic City iyo New York wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix jeer intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009. Waxay sii wadeen inay shaqeeyaan halka bangiyada ay dib u habeyn ku sameeyeen deynta waxayna yareeyeen saamiyadiisa guryaha. Intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii, in ka badan 70 bangi ayaa Trump amaahiyay $4 bilyan. Ka dib markii uu kacday shirkaddiisa horraantii 1990-meeyadii, bangiyada ugu waaweyn, marka laga reebo Deutsche Bank , waxay diideen inay amaahiyaan isaga. Ka dib weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol , bangigu wuxuu go'aansaday inuusan ganacsi la samayn isaga ama shirkadiisa xiriirka la leh mustaqbalka. ===Maalka=== [[File:State Visit of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia State Dinner Receiving Line with Ivana Trump and Donald Trump in East Room - DPLA - 1a44d05819eab8ba3dcf7a6883ad92ba.jpg|thumb|Trump (midigta midig) iyo xaaskiisa Ivana oo 1985-kii casho sharaf dawladeed u sameeyey [[Boqor]] Fahad ee [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo ay la yeesheen Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan iyo Marwada Koowaad ee Nancy Reagan]] Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu shaqadiisa ku bilaabay “amaah yar oo hal milyan oo dollar ah” oo uu aabihii ka helay oo ay ahayd in uu dib ugu bixiyo ribo. Waxa uu ka amaahday ugu yaraan $60 milyan aabbihii, inta badan ma bixin deymihii, oo waxa uu ka helay $413 milyan oo kale (2018 u dhiganta, oo loo habeeyey sicir bararka) shirkadda aabihiis.  Isaga oo iska dhigaya sarkaal ka tirsan Ururka Trump oo lagu magacaabo " John Barron ", Trump wuxuu wacay saxafiga Jonathan Greenberg [[1984]], isagoo isku dayaya inuu darajo sare ka helo liiska Forbes 400 ee hodanka Mareykanka. Trump wuxuu iskiis u sheegay qiimihiisa saafiga ah: laga jaray $900 milyan 1990  ilaa $10 bilyan 2015. Sannadkii 2015, Forbes wuxuu ku qiyaasay hantidiisa $4.5 bilyan, iyadoo lagu salaynayo waraysiyo lala yeeshay in ka badan 80 ilo. Sannadkii 2025, majaladda ayaa ku qiyaastay hantidiisa $5.1 bilyan waxayna ku qiimeysay qofka 700-aad ee ugu qanisan adduunka. ==Xirfadda warbaahinta== Trump waxa uu daabacay 19 buug oo magaciisa ku qoran, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay qoreen ama ay qoreen kuwa wax qora . Buugiisi ugu horeeyay, The Art of the Deal (1987), waxa uu ahaa New York Times iibiyaha ugu fiican , waxaana lagu tiriyaa New Yorker in uu Trump ka dhigay mid caan ku ah "astaanta maalqabeenada guulaystay". Buugga waxaa qoray Tony Schwartz , kaas oo loo aqoonsan yahay qoraaga. Trump wuxuu lahaa muuqaalo filimaan badan iyo bandhigyo telefishan laga soo bilaabo 1985 ilaa 2001 . Wuxuu si goos-goos ah ugu soo muuqday shirkadda legdinta ee WWE laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii oo ay ku jiraan WrestleMania 23 ee 2007. Laga bilaabo 1990-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu u muuqday 24 jeer isagoo marti ku ah bandhigga Howard Stern Show ee qaranka . Waxa uu lahaa barnaamij sheeko gaaban oo raadiyaha ah, Trumped! , laga bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2008. Laga soo bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2015, wuxuu ahaa faallooyinka martida ee Fox & Friends . Sannadkii 2021, Trump, oo xubin ka ahaa tan iyo 1989, wuu iska casilay SAG-AFTRA si uu uga fogaado dhageysiga edbinta ee ku saabsan weerarkii Janaayo 6. Laba maalmood ka dib, ururka shaqaalaha ayaa si joogto ah u diiday isaga. ===Tababbarka iyo Xirfadlaha caanka ah=== Soo saaraha Mark Burnett ayaa Trump ka dhigay xiddig telefishan ah markii uu abuuray The Apprentice , kaas oo Trump uu martigeliyay 2004 ilaa 2015 (oo ay ku jiraan kala duwanaanshaha The Celebrity Apprentice ). Bandhigyada, waxa uu ahaa madaxa fulinta sare oo meesha ka saaray tartamayaasha odhaahda " waad cayrisay". The New York Times ayaa ugu yeedhay sawirkiisa "mid aad u faanaysi badan, oo aad u khayaali ah" naftiisa. Bandhigyadu waxay dib u dhigeen sawirka Trump malaayiin daawadayaal ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. Heshiisyada shatiga ee la xidhiidha, waxay kasbadeen in ka badan $400 milyan. ==Himilooyinka siyaasadeed ee hore== Trump wuxuu ka diiwaan gashan yahay Jamhuuriya ahaan Queens 1969 iyo Manhattan 1987; xubin ka mid ah Xisbiga Madaxbanaanida , gobolka New York ee xisbiga Reform Party , 1999; Dimuqraadiyiintii 2001 ; Jamhuuriyaddii 2009; aan xiriir la lahayn 2011; iyo Jamhuuriya 2012 [[File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor.jpg|thumb|Isagoo ka hadlaya CPAC , Febraayo 2011]] 1987, Trump wuxuu xayeysiisyo bog buuxa ah ku dhejiyay wargeysyada waaweyn oo muujinaya aragtidiisa ku aaddan siyaasadda dibadda iyo sida loo tirtiro hoos u dhaca miisaaniyadda federaalka. Sannadkii 1988-kii, waxa uu la xidhiidhay Lee Atwater , isaga oo waydiisanaya in la tixgeliyo in uu yahay musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga ee George HW Bush . Bush wuxuu codsigaas u helay "mid qariib ah oo aan la rumaysan karin". Trump waxa uu ahaa musharrax 2000 ee xisbiga Reform Party ee horudhaca madaxtinnimada saddex bilood ka hor inta uusan ka tanaasulin Febraayo 2000 . Waxa uu ka hadlay shirkii waxqabadka siyaasadda ee muxaafidka bishii Febraayo, wuxuuna khudbado ka jeediyay gobollada horudhaca ah ee horudhaca ah. Bishii Maajo 2011, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuusan tartami doonin ==2016 doorashada madaxweynaha== Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay inuu u sharaxan yahay doorashada 2016 June 2015. Waxa uu u ololeeyay sidii maalqabeen, ganacsade guul leh iyo shisheeye aan khibrad siyaasadeed lahayn, wuxuuna ku andacoodey in warbaahintu u xaglinayso isaga. Hadaladiisa ol'olaha badanaa waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan caddayn oo soo jeedin ah, iyo lambarka rikoodhku waa been. Waxa uu noqday murashaxa ugu horreeya ee Jamhuuriga bishii March 2016 waxaana lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay musharaxa Jamhuuriga ee la malaynayo bishii May [[File:Donald_Trump_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg|thumb|Ololaha Arizona, Maarso 2016]] Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay NATO mid "dhacday" iyo aragtiyo la isku halleyn karo oo lagu tilmaamay Washington Post inay yihiin kuwo aan dhexdhexaad ahayn iyo ilaalin . Ololihiisa ololaha wuxuu xooga saaray dib u gorgortanka xiriirka US-China iyo heshiisyada ganacsiga xorta ah sida NAFTA iyo si adag u dhaqan gelinta sharciyada socdaalka. Jagooyinka kale ee ololaha waxaa ka mid ah raadinta madaxbannaanida tamarta iyada oo ka soo horjeeda xeerarka isbeddelka cimilada, casriyeynta adeegyada loogu talagalay halyeeyada , baabi'inta iyo beddelka sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo , baabi'inta heerarka waxbarashada aasaasiga ah , maalgelinta kaabayaasha , fududaynta koodhka canshuurta iyada oo la dhimayo canshuuraha, iyo ku soo rogida canshuuraha soo dejinta ee shirkadaha ka shaqeeya xeebaha. Waxa uu ku taliyey in la kordhiyo kharashaadka milatariga iyo in si xad dhaaf ah loo baadho ama laga mamnuuco soogalootiga dalalka Muslimka u badan. Waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu darbi ka dhisayo xudduudda Mexico iyo Maraykanka, waxa uuna wacad ku maray in Mexico ay bixin doonto kharashka. Wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu masaafurin doono malaayiin muhaajiriin sharci darro ah oo ku nool Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaleeceeyay dhalashada dhalashada inuu dhiirigelinayo " carruurta barroosinka ah ". Sida laga soo xigtay falanqaynta Sayniska Siyaasadda ee Quarterly , Trump wuxuu sameeyay "ras-raac cad oo cunsurinimo iyo jinsiyeed ah si uu uga guuleysto codbixiyayaasha cadaanka ah" intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxtinimada ee 2016. Gaar ahaan, khudbadiisii ​​ololaha ololaha ayaa soo jiidatay dhaleeceyn ku aaddan sheegashada muhaajiriinta reer Mexico "waxay keeneen daroogo, waxay keeneen dambi, waa kufsi"; oo ka jawaabaya, NBC waxay ka eriday Xirfadlaha caanka ah . Warbixinada Trump ee FEC ee looga baahan yahay ayaa ku taxay hantida ka sareysa $1.4 bilyan iyo deymaha taagan ee ugu yaraan $315 milyan. Ma uusan sii deyn canshuur celintiisa , taasoo lid ku ah dhaqanka musharax kasta oo weyn tan iyo 1976 iyo ballanqaadkiisii ​​2014 iyo 2015 inuu sidaas sameyn doono haddii uu u tartamo jagada. ( 166 ) Wuxuu sheegay in canshuur celintiisa la baarayo , qareennadiisuna ay kula taliyeen inuusan sii deyn. Kadib dagaal dheer oo maxkamadeed oo lagu joojinayo sii deynta canshuur celintiisa iyo diiwaanada kale ee qareenka degmada Manhattan si loogu sameeyo dambi baaris, oo ay ku jiraan laba racfaan oo uu Trump u gudbiyay Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka , Febraayo 2021 maxkamadda sare waxay ogolaatay in diiwaannada loo sii daayo dacwad oogaha si ay u eegaan xeerbeegti weyn. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, qaybo ka mid ah dacwadaha gobolka Trump ee 1995 ayaa loo siidaayay wariye ka socda New York Times . Waxay muujinayaan inuu ku dhawaaqay inuu khasaaray $ 916 milyan sanadkaas, taas oo u ogolaan karta inuu ka fogaado canshuuraha ilaa 18 sano. Trump ayaa ku guuleystay 306 cod oo la ballanqaaday halka 232 ay heshay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary Clinton . Ka dib markii doorashadi labada dhinac ay ka baxeen , tirinta rasmiga ah waxay ahayd 304 ilaa 227 . Waxa uu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan ka mid ahayn ciidamada, mana qaban wax xafiis dawladeed ka hor inta uusan noqon madaxweynaha. Doorashadiisu waxay calaamad u ahayd soo noqoshada dawlad Jamhuuriya oo aan qaybsanayn . Guusha Trump waxay dhalisay mudaaharaadyo ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Maraykanka ==Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay (2017-2021)== [[File:Donald_Trump_swearing_in_ceremony.jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , oo uu maamulayo madaxa cadaalada John G. Roberts Jr. , Janaayo 20, 2017]] [[File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg|thumb|Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2017]] ===Ficilada hore=== Trump ayaa la caleemasaaray Janaayo 20, 2017. Maalin ka dib markii la caleemasaaray, qiyaastii 2.6 milyan oo qof oo adduunka ah, oo ay ku jiraan 500,000 oo ku nool Washington, DC, ayaa mudaaharaad ka dhan ah isaga oo ka qeyb qaatay socodkii haweenka . Intii lagu guda jiray usbuucii ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump wuxuu saxiixay lix amar fulineed , oo ay ku jiraan oggolaanshaha habraacyada baabi'inta sharciga ilaalinta bukaanka iyo daryeelka la awoodi karo ("Obamacare"), ka noqoshada wada-xaajoodka iskaashiga Trans-Pacific, horumarinta mashaariicda Keystone XL iyo Dakota Access Pipeline , iyo qorsheynta darbiga xadka Maraykanka ee Mexico. ===Isku dhacyada xiisaha=== Ka hor inta aan la caleema-saarin, Trump wuxuu ganacsigiisa u raray kalsooni la burin karo , halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa kalsooni indho la'aan ama habayn u dhigma "si uu naftiisa uga gooyo danihiisa ganacsi". Wuxuu sii waday inuu ka faa'iidaysto ganacsigiisa wuxuuna ogaa sida siyaasadda maamulkiisu u saamaysay. Inkasta oo uu sheegay in uu ka fogaan doono "heshiisyada cusub ee ajnabiga ah", Ururka Trump wuxuu dabagalay ballaarinta hawlgalka ee Scotland, Dubai, iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dominican. ​​Lobbyists, saraakiisha dawladda shisheeye, deeq-bixiyeyaasha Trump iyo xulafadooda ayaa boqolaal milyan oo doolar u soo ururiyay goobihiisa dalxiiska iyo hoteellada. Trump ayaa lagu dacweeyay inuu ku xad-gudbay Qodobbada Emoluments Gudaha iyo Dibadda ee Dastuurka Mareykanka , markii ugu horreysay ee qodobbada si cad loo dacweeyay. Hal kiis ayaa lagu diiday maxkamadda hoose. Labo ayaa Maxkamadda Sare ay shaqada ka cayrisay ka dib markii uu xilka qabtay. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu ugu deeqayo mushaharkiisa madaxtinnimo iyo faa'iidada uu ka helo dammaanadda shisheeye ee dawladda Maraykanka. Waxa uu ugu deeqay mushaharkiisa hay'adaha federaalka waxana uu dacaayadeeyay deeq kasta ilaa Juulay 2020. Wakaaladaha federaaliga ah ee ay sahamisay The Washington Post bishii Luulyo 2021 waxa ay sheegeen in aanay wax hadiyad ah helin wixii ka dambeeyay bishaas. Muwaadiniinta Mas'uuliyadda iyo Anshaxa ee Washington ayaa sheegay 2024 inuu ku deeqay $448,000 oo lagu qiyaasay $13.6 milyan oo lacag ah oo uu ka helay dawlado shisheeye muddadiisii ​​ugu horreysay. ===Siyaasadda gudaha=== Trump wuxuu xafiiska la wareegay meesha ugu sarreysa ballaarinta dhaqaale ee ugu dheer taariikhda Mareykanka, kaasoo bilaabmay 2009 oo socday ilaa Febraayo 2020, markii hoos u dhaca COVID-19 uu bilaabmay. Bishii Disembar 2017, wuxuu saxiixay Sharciga dhimista Canshuuraha iyo Shaqada ee 2017 . Waxay hoos u dhigtay qiimaha cashuuraha ee ganacsiyada iyo shakhsiyaadka waxayna meesha ka saartay ciqaabtii la xidhiidhay sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo . Maamulka Trump ayaa ku andacoonaya in ficilku aanu hoos u dhigi doonin dakhliga dawladda, laakiin dakhliga 2018 ayaa 7.6 boqolkiiba ka hooseeya saadaasha. Marka loo eego Trump, hoos u dhaca miisaaniyada federaalku wuxuu kordhay ku dhawaad ​​50 boqolkiiba, ilaa ku dhawaad ​​$ 1 trillion 2019. Dhammaadkii muddadiisa, deynta qaranka Mareykanka waxay kordheen 39 boqolkiiba, taasoo gaartay $ 27.75 trillion, iyo saamiga US-deficit-to-GDP ayaa ku dhuftey mid sare oo ka mid ah Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Trump waxa kale oo uu ku guuldarraystay in uu ka dhabeeyo ballan-qaadkiisii ​​ololaha ee ahaa $1 trillion oo qorshe kharash-bixineed oo kaabayaasha ah. Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee casriga ah ee Maraykanka ee xilka ka taga isaga oo ka shaqaale yar marka loo eego markii uu xilka qabtay, saddex milyan oo qof. Wuxuu diiday fikradda sayniska ee isbeddelka cimilada . Wuxuu hoos u dhigay miisaaniyada cilmi baarista tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo 40 boqolkiiba wuxuuna bedelay siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee lagu hagayay isbedelka cimilada. Wuxuu ka baxay heshiiskii Paris , taasoo ka dhigtay Mareykanka dalka kaliya ee aan ansixin. Wuxuu ujeedkiisu ahaa in kor loo qaado wax soo saarka iyo dhoofinta shidaalka fosil . Gaaska dabiiciga ah ayaa balaariyay Trump, laakiin dhuxusha ayaa sii waday hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu dib u soo celiyay in ka badan 100 xeerarka deegaanka ee federaalka, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa xakameyey qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo , wasakhowga hawada iyo biyaha, iyo isticmaalka walxaha sunta ah. Wuxuu wiiqay ilaalinta xoolaha iyo heerarka deegaanka ee mashaariicda kaabayaasha federaalka, wuxuuna balaariyay meelaha la oggol yahay ee qodista iyo soo saarista kheyraadka, sida oggolaanshaha qodista Qaxootiga Arctic . Trump wuxuu burburiyay xeerarkii federaalka ee caafimaadka, shaqada, deegaanka, iyo meelo kale, oo ay ku jiraan sharci baabi'iyay xeerkii xilligii Obama ee xaddidayay iibinta hubka dadka maskaxda ka xanuunsan. Inta lagu jiro lixdii toddobaad ee ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, wuxuu dib u dhigay, hakiyay, ama beddelay sagaashan xeer federaal ah, inta badan "kadib codsiyo ka yimid warshadaha nidaamsan". Machadka Daacadnimada Siyaasadda wuxuu ogaaday in 78 boqolkiiba soo jeedintiisa ay xannibeen maxkamadaha ama aysan ka adkaan dacwadda. Intii lagu guda jiray ololihiisa, Trump wuxuu wacad ku maray inuu baabi'in doono oo uu bedeli doono Sharciga Daryeelka La awoodi karo . Xafiiska, waxa uu hoos u dhigay fulinta sharciga iyada oo loo marayo amarada fulinta. Wuxuu muujiyay rabitaan ah inuu "u oggolaado Obamacare inuu guuldareysto"; maamulkiisu waxa uu kala badh ka dhimay xilliga is-diiwaangelinta waxana uu si weyn u dhimay dhaqaalihii loogu talo galay dhiirrigelinta diiwaangelinta. Bishii Juun 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu ku biiray 18 dawladood oo Jamhuurigu hoggaamiyo oo ku doodaya ka hor Maxkamadda Sare in baabi'inta ganaaxyada maaliyadeed ee la xidhiidha waajibaadka shakhsi ahaaneed ay ka dhigtay sharciga mid dastuuri ah. Codsigoodu wuxuu baabi'in lahaa caymiska caafimaadka ilaa 23 milyan oo Maraykan ah, laakiin kuma guulaysan. Intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016, Trump wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu ilaalin doono maalgelinta Medicare iyo barnaamijyada kale ee badbaadada bulshada. Janaayo 2020, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaanka inuu tixgeliyo dhimista iyaga. Isagoo ka jawaabaya cudurka faafa ee opioid , Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharci sanadka 2018 si loo kordhiyo maalgelinta daawaynta daroogada, laakiin waxaa si weyn loogu dhaleeceeyay inuu ku guuldareystay inuu sameeyo istiraatiijiyad la taaban karo. Wuxuu ka mamnuucay hay'adaha bixiya ilmo iska soo rididda ama u gudbinta ilmo soo rididda inay helaan lacagaha federaalka. Waxa uu sheegay in uu taageeray "guurka dhaqameed", laakiin wuxuu tixgeliyey sharcinimada waddanka oo dhan ee guurka isku jinsiga ah "la degay". Maamulkiisu waxa uu dib u rogay qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah ilaalinta goobta shaqada ee maamulka Obama ee ka dhanka ah takoorka dadka LGBTQ .Isku daygiisii ​​isku daygiisii ​​ee ilaalinta takoorka ee bukaannada transgender- ka bishii Agoosto 2020 waxaa joojiyay garsoore federaal ah ka dib markii ay xukuntay Maxkamadda Sare ay kordhisay ilaalinta xuquuqda madaniga ah ee shaqaalaha aqoonsiga jinsiga iyo jihada galmada. Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu ka soo horjeedo xakamaynta hubka , in kasta oo ay aragtidiisu is beddeshay muddo ka dib. Maamulkiisu waxa uu qaatay mawqif ka dhan ah marijuana , isaga oo burinaya siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee ilaalin jiray dawladaha sharciyeeyay marijuana. Waa u doode muddo dheer ah ee ciqaabta dilka ah, iyo maamulkiisu wuxuu kormeeray dawladda federaalka ah ee fulinta 13 maxbuus, in ka badan 56 sano ee hore marka la isku daro, oo soo afjaraya 17 sano oo joojin ah. Sannadkii 2016, wuxuu sheegay inuu taageersan yahay isticmaalka hababka jirdilka su'aalaha "jahannamo aad uga xun kan biyaha-qaadista . ===Xiriirka jinsiyadeed=== Faallooyinka Trump ee 2017 Mideynta Dibad-baxa Xaqa ah , oo cambaareeyay "bandhiggan foosha xun ee nacaybka, nacaybka iyo rabshadaha dhinacyo badan" oo sheegaya in ay jiraan "dad aad u fiican oo labada dhinac ah", ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay inay muujinayaan u dhigma akhlaaqda u dhexeeya dibad-baxayaasha sare-sare ee cadaanka ah iyo mudaaharaadayaasha. Bishii Janaayo 2018 dood ku saabsan sharciga socdaalka, waxaa la sheegay inuu u tixraacay El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, iyo wadamada Afrika sida "wadamada shithole". Hadaladiisa waxaa lagu cambaareeyay cunsurinimo. [[File:President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(49964153176).jpg|Iyadoo koox saraakiil iyo la-taliyeyaal ah ay ka soo lugeeyeen Aqalka Cad kuna sii jeeday Kaniisadda St.]] Bishii Luulyo 2019, Trump ayaa bartiisa twitterka ku soo qoray in afar haween ah oo ka tirsan Kongareeska Dimuqraadiga—dhammaan dadka laga tirada badan yahay, oo seddex ka mid ah ay u dhasheen Mareykanka - ay tahay inay " ku laabtaan " dalalkii ay "ka yimaadeen".Laba maalmood ka dib Golaha Wakiiladu waxay u codeeyeen 240-187, inta badan iyagoo raacaya xisbiyada, si ay u cambaareeyaan "faallooyinka cunsuriyadda". Daabacaada wadani ee cadaanka ah iyo warbaahinta bulshada ayaa amaanay hadaladiisa, kuwaas oo sii socday maalmaha soo socda. Waxa uu sii waday hadallo la mid ah intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2020. Bishii Juun 2020, intii lagu jiray mudaaharaadyadii George Floyd , saraakiisha fulinta sharciga federaalku waxay isticmaaleen sunta dadka ka ilmeysiisa iyo tabaha kale ee dadka si ay uga saaraan dad badan oo nabdoon oo mudaaharaadayaal sharci ah fagaaraha Lafayette , bannaanka Aqalka Cad . Trump ayaa markaa la soo baxay Kitaabka Quduuska ah si uu sawir uga qaado Kaniisadda Episcopal St. Hogaamiyeyaal ciidan oo badan oo shaqada ka fadhiistay iyo saraakiisha difaaca ayaa cambaareeyay soo jeedintiisa ah in uu isticmaalo millatariga Maraykanka mudaharaadayaasha ka soo horjeeda bilayska. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee uu Trump xilka hayay, waxa uu oggolaaday 237 codsi oo naxariis ah, taas oo ka yar dhammaan madaxweynayaashii tan iyo 1900-kii marka laga reebo George HW Bush iyo George W. Bush . Keliya 25 iyaga ka mid ah ayaa waxaa shaandheeyay Xafiiska Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Xafiiska Qareenka Cafiska ; kuwa kale waxaa la siiyay dadka xiriirka shakhsi ahaaneed ama siyaasadeed ee isaga, qoyskiisa, iyo xulafadiisa, ama ay ku taliyaan dadka caanka ah. Maalintii ugu dambaysay ee uu xafiiska joogay, waxa uu ogolaaday 73 cafis waxana uu ka khafiifiyay 70 xukun. Dhawr xulafada Trump ah uma qalmin cafis marka loo eego xeerarka Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo xaalado kale waaxdu waxay ka soo horjeedsatay naxariista. Cafiskii saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan ciidanka milatariga oo lagu helay ama lagu soo oogay dambiyo rabshado wata ayaa waxaa ka soo horjeestay hogaamiyayaasha ciidamada. ===Socdaalka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg|thumb|Baarista tusaalaha darbiga xadka ee Otay Mesa, California]] Madaxweyne ahaan, Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay socdaalka sharci darrada ah inuu yahay "duulaanka" Maraykanka oo uu si weyn u kordhiyay fulinta socdaalka. Wuxuu hirgeliyay siyaasado adag oo ka dhan ah magangalyo-doonka wuxuuna u daabulay ku dhawaad ​​6,000 oo askari xadka US-Mexico si ay u joojiyaan isgoysyada sharci darrada ah. Waxa uu hoos u dhigay tirada qaxootiga loo ogolaaday in ay diiwaan gashadaan, laga bilaabo xadka sanadlaha ah ee 110,000 ka hor inta uusan xafiiska la wareegin 15,000 ee 2021 . Mid ka mid ah ballamihiisii ​​ololaha dhexe waxa ay ahayd in uu derbi ka dhisayo xudduudda US-Mexico ; intii lagu jiray xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Maraykanku wuxuu dhisay 73 mayl (117 km) oo derbi ah meelaha aan lahayn caqabadaha iyo 365 mayl (587 km) si uu u beddelo caqabadaha hore. 2018, diidmada Trump ee ah in uu saxeexo kharash kasta oo kharash ah ilaa ay u qoondaysay maalgelinta darbiga xuduudka waxay keentay xidhidhkii ugu dheeraa abid ee dawladda dhexe , muddo 35 maalmood ah laga bilaabo Disembar 2018 ilaa Janaayo 2019. Si looga fogaado xidhitaan kale, Koongarasku waxa uu soo saaray biil dhaqaale oo dhan $1.4 bilyan oo loogu talagalay dayrarka xuduudaha bishii Febraayo. Trump ayaa markii dambe ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo heer qaran ah oo ku taal xudduudda koonfureed si uu u leexiyo $ 6.1 bilyan oo maalgelin ah derbiga xudduudaha inkastoo congress-ka is khilaafeen. Bishii Janaayo 2017, Trump wuxuu saxiixay amar fulin oo u diidaya inay soo galaan muwaadiniinta lix waddan oo Muslimiin u badan afar bilood iyo inay ka yimaadaan Suuriya si aan xad lahayn. Amarka ayaa sababay mudaaharaadyo badan iyo caqabado sharci taasoo keentay amarro dalka oo dhan ah . Amarka dib loo eegay oo bixiya qaar ka reeban ayaa sidoo kale xannibay maxkamadaha, laakiin Maxkamadda Sare waxay xukuntay bishii Juun in mamnuucida la fulin karo kuwa ka maqan " xidhiidh daacad ah oo lala yeesho qof ama hay'ad" gudaha Maraykanka saraakiil, laakiin waxay ka saareen Ciraaq iyo Suudaan. Maxkamadda Sare waxay ogolaatay in noocaas uu dhaqan galo Diseembar 2017, oo ugu dambeyntii taageertay xayiraadda 2019. Laga soo bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu lahaa siyaasad kala qaybsanaan qoys oo kala saaray in ka badan 4,400 carruurta soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee waalidkood, 2 ee Maraykanka . Siyaasad aan hore loo arag. ayaa dalka ka dhalisay cadho dadweyne. Inkasta oo Trump uu markii hore eedaynayay Dimuqraadiyiinta oo uu ku adkaystay inuusan joojin karin siyaasadda amarka fulinta, wuxuu aqbalay cadaadiska dadweynaha bishii Juun 2018 wuxuuna amray in qoysaska soogalootiga sharci-darrada ah la wada xiro haddii aysan "ay jirin walaac" khatarta ilmaha. Garsooraha ayaa markii dambe amar ku bixiyay in qoysaska la isu keeno oo kala fogaansho dheeraad ah la joojiyo marka laga reebo xaalado xaddidan, inkastoo in ka badan 1,000 carruur dheeraad ah laga soocay qoysaskooda amarka ka dib. ===Siyaasada Arimaha Dibada=== [[File:-G7Biarritz_(48616362963).jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyayaasha G7 ayaa shir madaxeedka 45-aad ee France, 2019]] Trump wuxuu isku tilmaamay inuu yahay "qaraniyad" iyo siyaasadiisa arrimaha dibadda " America First ". Waxa uu taageeray dawladihii populist , neo-nationalist , iyo dawlado kali-talis ah. Saadalin la'aan, hubanti la'aan, iyo iswaafaqla'aan ayaa lagu gartaa xiriirka dibadda intii uu xilka hayay. Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo xulafadiisa reer Yurub waxa uu ahaa mid xun intii uu Trump joogay. Wuxuu dhaleeceeyay xulafada NATO wuxuuna si gaar ah u soo jeediyay in Maraykanku ka baxo NATO . Trump wuxuu taageeray siyaasado badan oo ka mid ah siyaasadaha ra'iisul wasaaraha Israel Benjamin Netanyahu . Sannadkii 2020, Trump waxa uu martigeliyay saxeexa heshiiskii Abraham ee u dhexeeyay Israa’iil iyo Imaaraadka Carabta iyo Baxrayn si ay caadi uga dhigaan xidhiidhkooda dibadda. [[File:President_Trump_%26_the_First_Lady%27s_Trip_to_Europe_(42547210635).jpg|thumb|Isagoo gacan qaadaya madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin intii lagu jiray shirkii 2018 ee Helsinki , Finland]] Trump ayaa dagaal ganacsi la bilaabay Shiinaha 2018 ka dib markii uu ku soo rogay canshuuro iyo caqabado kale oo ganacsi oo uu sheegay in ay ku qasbi doonto Shiinaha in ay soo afjarto ku dhaqanka ganacsiga cadaalad darada ah ee mudada dheer soo jiray iyo ku xadgudubka hantida garaadka . Trump waxa uu wiiqay cunaqabatayntii ugu adkeyd ee uu Maraykanku soo rogay ka dib markii 2014 uu Ruushku la wareegay Crimea . Trump wuu ammaanay oo, sida ay sheegeen qaar ka mid ah dadka dhaleeceeyay, dhif ayuu u dhaleeceeyay madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin , inkasta oo uu ka soo horjeestay tallaabooyinka qaar ee dawladda Ruushka. Waxa uu Maraykanka ka saaray heshiiska dhex-dhexaadka ah ee ciidamada Nukliyeerka , isaga oo u cuskanaya in Ruushku aanu u hoggaansamin, oo uu taageeray suurtagalnimada in Ruushku ku soo laabto G7 . Iyada oo hubka Nukliyeerka ee Waqooyiga Kuuriya loo arkayay khatar halis ah, Trump wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Maraykan ah ee la kulma hoggaamiyaha Kuuriyada Waqooyi, oo la kulmay Kim Jong Un saddex jeer : Singapore bishii Juun 2018, Hanoi bishii Febraayo 2019, iyo Aagga Dillatari ee Kuuriya ee Juun 2019 ===Shaqaale=== Dhammaadkii sannadkii ugu horreeyay ee Trump xafiiska, 34 boqolkiiba shaqaalahiisa asalka ah waa ay iska casileen, shaqada laga eryay, ama waa la bedelay. Ilaa Luulyo 2018, 61 boqolkiiba kaaliyeyaashiisa sare ayaa ka tagay iyo shaqaalaha 141 ayaa ka tagay sannadkii hore. Labada tiroba waxay dhigayaan rikoodh madaxweynayaashii dhawaa. Kaaliyeyaasha gaarka ah ee u dhow Trump ayaa shaqada ka tagay ama lagu qasbay. Waxa uu si cad u bahdilay dhowr ka mid ah saraakiishiisii ​​ugu sarraysay. Trump wuxuu lahaa afar madax oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad , isaga oo fogeynaya ama riixaya dhowr. Bishii Maajo 2017, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay agaasimihii FBI James Comey , isagoo sheegay maalmo ka dib inuu ka walaacsan yahay doorka Comey ee baaritaannada Trump iyo Ruushka. Saddex ka mid ah 15-kii xubnood ee asalka ahaa ee Trump ayaa baxay ama lagu qasbay inay is casilaan sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay. Trump wuu ka gaabiyay inuu magacaabo saraakiisha heerka labaad ee waaxda fulinta, isagoo sheegay in jagooyin badan oo aan loo baahnayn. Bishii Oktoobar 2017, waxaa jiray boqollaal jagooyin hoosaadyo ah oo aan la magacaabin. Ilaa Janaayo 8, 2019, ee 706 jagooyin muhiim ah, 433 ayaa la buuxiyay mana uusan u magacaabin 264. ===Garsoorka=== Trump ayaa magacaabay 226 garsoore oo heer federaal ah , oo ay ku jiraan 54 ka mid ah maxkamadaha rafcaanka iyo saddex ka mid ah maxkamadda sare : Neil Gorsuch , Brett Kavanaugh , iyo Amy Coney Barrett . Magacaabistiisa Maxkamadda Sare waxay siyaasad ahaan u wareejisay Maxkamadda dhinaca midig. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ballan qaaday in Roe v. Wade la rogi doono "si toos ah" haddii isaga la doorto oo la siiyo fursad uu ku magacaabo laba ama saddex garsoorayaasha ka hortagga ilmo soo rididda. Ka dib waxa uu qaatay sumcad markii Roe uu afgembiyay Dobbs v. Jackson Ururka Caafimaadka Haweenka 2022; Dhammaan saddexdii xubnood ee uu soo magacaabay Maxkamadda Sare waxay ku codeeyeen aqlabiyadda. Trump wuxuu quudhsaday maxkamadaha iyo garsoorayaasha uu ku khilaafay, inta badan qaab shakhsiyeed, wuxuuna su'aal galiyay awoodda dastuuriga ah ee garsoorka. Weerradiisa uu ku qaaday maxkamadaha ayaa waxaa ka dhashay canaan ka timid goobjoogayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan garsoorayaal heer federaal ah oo fadhiyey, kuwaas oo ka walaacsanaa saamaynta hadalladiisu ku yeelan karaan madaxbannaanida garsoorka iyo kalsoonida shacabku ku qabaan garsoorka. ===Cudurka caalamiga ah covid-19=== [[File:White_House_Press_Briefing_(49666120807).jpg|thumb|Qabashada war-saxaafadeed COVID-19 ah oo lala yeelanayo xubnaha Aqalka Cad ee Hawl-galka Coronavirus March 15, 2020]] Trump ayaa markii hore iska dhaga tiray digniinaha caafimaadka bulshada iyo baaqyada ah in tallaabo laga qaado saraakiisha caafimaadka ee maamulkiisa. Trump wuxuu aasaasay Ciidanka Aqalka Cad ee Coronavirus bishii Janaayo 29. Bishii Maarso 27, wuxuu saxiixay sharciga CARES Act - $ 2.2 trillion biilka kicinta dhaqaalaha laba geesoodka ah - kicinta ugu weyn taariikhda Mareykanka. Ka dib toddobaadyo weeraro ah si ay uga fogaato jawaabtiisa gaabis ah, Trump wuxuu joojiyay maalgelinta Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka bishii Abriil. Bishii Abriil 2020, kooxaha ku xiran Jamhuuriga ayaa abaabulay mudaaharaadyo ka dhan ah qufulka oo looga soo horjeedo tallaabooyinka ay dowladaha gobolladu qaadayeen si ay ula dagaallamaan masiibada; Trump ayaa ku dhiirigeliyay mudaaharaadyada Twitter-ka , in kasta oo dawladaha la beegsaday aysan la kulmin tilmaamaha maamulkiisa ee dib u furitaanka. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u cadaadiyay hay'adaha caafimaadka federaalka inay qaadaan tallaabooyin uu doorbiday, sida oggolaanshaha daaweynta aan la xaqiijin. Bishii Oktoobar, Trump waxa la dhigay cusbitaalka Xarunta Caafimaadka Qaranka ee Walter Reed muddo saddex maalmood ah iyada oo uu jiro kiis daran oo ah COVID-19 ===Baaritaanada=== Ka dib markii uu la wareegay xafiiska, Trump wuxuu ahaa mawduuca kordhinta Waaxda Caddaaladda iyo kormeerka Kongareeska, iyada oo la baarayo ololihiisa doorashada, kala-guurka, iyo caleema saarka, tallaabooyinkii la qaaday intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa, ganacsigiisa gaarka ah , canshuuraha shakhsi ahaaneed, iyo aasaaska samafalka . Waxaa jiray toban baaritaan dembi oo federaal ah, siddeed gobol iyo baaritaanno maxalli ah, iyo laba iyo toban baaritaan oo kongareeska ah. Bishii Luulyo 2016, FBI waxay bilawday duufaanta Crossfire , baaritaan ku saabsan xiriirka suurtagalka ah ee ka dhexeeya Ruushka iyo ololaha Trump ee 2016. Kadib markii Trump uu shaqada ka eryay Comey bishii Maajo 2017, FBI-da ayaa furtay baaritaan labaad oo ku saabsan xiriirkii shakhsi ahaaneed iyo ganacsi ee Trump uu la yeeshay Ruushka . Bishii Janaayo 2017, saddex hay'adood oo sirdoon oo Mareykan ah ayaa si wadajir ah u sheegay "kalsooni sare" in Ruushku uu farageliyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump. Shaki badan xidhiidho ka dhexeeya saaxiibada Trump iyo saraakiisha Ruushka ayaa la ogaaday. Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Ruushka ee doorashada. Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah ayaa markii dambe loo wareejiyay baaritaanka qareenka gaarka ah ee Robert Mueller ; Baaritaanka ku saabsan xiriirka Trump iyo Ruushka waxaa soo afjaray ku xigeenka xeer ilaaliyaha guud Rod Rosenstein ka dib markii uu u sheegay FBI in Mueller uu sii wadi doono arrinta. Codsiga Rosenstein, baaritaanka Mueller wuxuu baaray arrimaha dambiyada "ee la xiriira faragelinta doorashada 2016 ee Ruushka". Mueller ayaa soo gudbiyay warbixintiisii ​​u dambaysay bishii March 2019. Warbixintu waxay ogaatay in Ruushku uu farageliyay 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump iyo in Trump iyo ololihiisii ​​ay soo dhaweeyeen oo ay dhiiri galiyeen dadaalka, laakiin caddaynta "ma aysan xaqiijin" in Ruushka ama xubnaha ololaha Trump ay abaabuleen. Trump waxa uu ku andacooday in warbixintaasi ay ka saartay isaga in kasta oo Mueller uu qoray in aanay taasi dhicin. Warbixintu waxay sidoo kale faahfaahisay carqaladaynta suurtagalka ah ee caddaaladda ee Trump, laakiin "ma aysan soo saarin gabagabada kama dambaysta ah" oo ka tagtay go'aanka lagu soo oogay sharciyada Congress-ka. Bishii Abriil 2019, Guddiga Kormeerka ee Aqalka ayaa soo saaray amar maxkamadeed oo ay ku raadinayaan faahfaahin maaliyadeed bangiyada Trump, Deutsche Bank iyo Capital One , iyo shirkaddiisa xisaabaadka, Mazars USA . Wuxuu dacweeyay bangiyada, Mazars, iyo guddoomiyaha guddiga Elijah Cummings si looga hortago in la shaaciyo. Bishii Maajo, laba garsoore ayaa xukuntay in Mazars iyo bangiyada labadaba ay tahay inay u hoggaansamaan amar-qaadista; . Qareennada Trump ayaa racfaan ka qaatay. Bishii Sebtembar 2022, Trump iyo guddiga ayaa ku heshiiyey heshiis ku saabsan Mazars, shirkadduna waxay bilowday inay wareejiso dukumentiyada. ===Eedaynta=== [[File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_(49498772251).jpg|thumb|Soo bandhigida cinwaanka "Trump waa la sii daayay" 2020]] Trump waxaa laba jeer xilka ka xayuubiyey aqalka Congress-ka, in kastoo aqalka senate-ka ay labada jeerba dambi ku soo oogeen. Xil ka qaadistii ugu horeysay ayaa ka dhalatay cabasho sir ah oo bishii Luulyo 2019 Trump ku cadaadiyay madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy inuu baadho Joe iyo Hunter Biden, isagoo isku dayaya inuu faa'iido ka helo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2020 . Bishii Disembar 2019, aqalku wuxuu u codeeyay in Trump lagu soo oogo ku takri fal awoodeed iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka , iyo Senatka ayaa dambi ku waayay Febraayo 2020. Xil ka qaadista labaad ayaa timid ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo ee Capitol, kaas oo aqalku uu Trump ku soo oogay in uu kiciyay kacdoon 13-kii Janaayo 2021. Trump ayaa xafiiska ka tagay 20-kii Janaayo, waxaana lagu sii daayay Febraayo 13. Todobo senate oo Jamhuuriya ayaa u codeeyay xukun. ===2020 doorashada madaxweynaha=== Trump wuxuu xareeyay inuu u tartamo dib-u-doorashada saacado yar uun ka dib markii uu noqday madaxweynaha 2017. Waxa uu qabtay isu soo baxkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee dib-u-doorashada wax ka yar bil ka dib markii uu xafiiska qabtay wuxuuna si rasmi ah u noqday musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga Agoosto 2020. Ololaha Trump wuxuu diiradda saaray dambiyada, isagoo ku andacoonaya in magaalooyinka ay hoos ugu dhici doonaan sharci-darro haddii Dimuqraadigu ku guuleysto doorashada. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u beeniyey boosaska Biden wuxuuna ka codsaday cunsuriyadda. Laga bilaabo horraantii 2020, Trump wuxuu abuuray shaki ku saabsan doorashada, isagoo ku andacoonaya caddayn la'aan in la musuqmaasuqi doono iyo in isticmaalka baahsan ee waraaqaha waraaqaha ay soo saari doonto khiyaamo doorasho oo ballaaran. Wuxuu xannibay maalgelinta Adeegga Boostada Mareykanka , isagoo sheegay inuu doonayo inuu ka hortago koror kasta oo ku yimaada codbixinta boostada. Wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu diiday inuu sheego inuu aqbali doono natiijada haddii laga guulaysto oo uu ballan qaado in si nabad ah xukunka loogu kala wareejiyo . ===Luminta Biden iyo diidmada natiijada=== Biden wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii November 2020, isagoo helay 81.3 milyan cod (51.3 boqolkiiba) Trump's 74.2 milyan (46.8 boqolkiiba ) iyo 306 codadka doorashada ee Trump 's 232 . subaxa ka dib doorashada. Maalmo ka dib, markii Biden la saadaaliyay in uu guulaysanayo, Trump waxa uu si aan sal iyo raad toona lahayn u eedeeyay musuqmaasuqa doorashada. Iyadoo qayb ka ah dadaalka lagu doonayo in lagu baabi'iyo natiijada , Trump iyo xulafadiisa ayaa gudbiyay dacwado badan oo ka dhan ah natiijooyinka , kuwaas oo ay diideen ugu yaraan 86 garsoore oo ka tirsan maxkamadaha gobolka iyo federaalka labadaba iyagoo aan lahayn wax xaqiiqo ah ama sharci ah. Eedeymaha Trump waxaa sidoo kale beeniyay saraakiisha doorashada ee gobolka, Maxkamadda Sare ayaa diiday in ay dhageysato kiis lagu codsanayo in la baabi'iyo natiijada afar gobol oo uu ku guuleystay Biden. Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u raadsaday caawimo si uu u rogo natiijooyinka, isaga oo shakhsi ahaan cadaadis saaraya Jamhuuriga maxalliga ah iyo kuwa haya xafiisyada gobolka, Sharci-dejiyaha Jamhuuriga, Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo Madaxweyne Ku-Xigeenka Pence, oo ku boorriyay ficillada sida beddelka cod-bixiyeyaasha madaxweynaha , ama in saraakiisha Georgia ay ku dhawaaqeen natiijada "dhammaan" Toddobaadyadii doorashada ka dib, Trump wuu ka baxay hawlihii guud. Waxa uu markii hore ka horjoogsaday saraakiisha dawladda in ay la shaqeeyaan Biden ee ku-meel-gaadhka madaxweynenimada . Saddex toddobaad ka dib, maamulaha Maamulka Adeegyada Guud wuxuu ku dhawaaqay Biden "guuleeyaha muuqda" ee doorashada, isaga oo u oggolaanaya bixinta agabka kala-guurka kooxdiisa. Inkastoo Trump uu sheegay in uu ku taliyay in GSA ay bilowdo hab-maamuuska kala-guurka, weli si rasmi ah uma uusan aqbalin. Trump kama uusan qeybgalin xafladdii Biden ee Janaayo 20. ===Janaayo 6-dii weerarkii Capitol=== Bishii Disembar 2020, waxaa soo baxay warbixino sheegaya in hoggaamiyeyaasha millatariga Mareykanka ay heegan sare ku jireen, saraakiisha darajo sarena ay ka wada hadleen waxa la sameeyo haddii Trump uu ku dhawaaqo sharciga dagaalka . Agaasimaha CIA Gina Haspel iyo General General Mark Milley , oo ah gudoomiyaha Taliyaasha Wadajirka ah ee Shaqaalaha , ayaa ka walaacsanaa in Trump uu isku dayo inqilaab ama tallaabo militari oo ka dhan ah Shiinaha ama Iran. Milley wuxuu ku adkaystay in lagala tashado amar kasta oo militari oo ka yimaada Trump, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka hubka nukliyeerka. [[File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_(50820534063)_(retouched).jpg|thumb|Dadweyne taageersan Trump intii uu weerarka socday]] Duhurnimadii Janaayo 6, 2021, iyadoo Congress-ka uu caddaynayay natiijada doorashada madaxtinimada ee Capitol US , Trump wuxuu ku qabtay isu soo bax ka dhacay Ellipse oo u dhow . Isagoo ka hadlayay gadaasha muraayad dhalo ah, wuxuu ku baaqay in doorashada la rogo wuxuuna ku booriyay taageerayaashiisa inay "la dagaalamaan sida cadaabta" oo "ay dib u soo ceshadaan waddankeena" iyagoo u socda Capitol. Taageerayaashiisa ayaa markaa sameeyay koox koox ah oo jebisay dhismaha , carqaladeeyay shahaadada waxayna sababtay daad-gureynta Congress-kaaIintii lagu guda jiray weerarka, Trump wuxuu ku dhajiyay baraha bulshada laakiin ma uusan weydiisan rabshado inay kala firdhiyaan. Qoraal uu soo dhigay bartiisa Twitter -ka 6-dii maqribnimo ayuu u sheegay in ay “Guryaha ku tagaan jacayl & nabad”, waxa uu ugu yeeray “wadani-weyn”, waxa uuna ku celiyay in uu ku guuleystay doorashada. Koongarasku mar dambe ayaa dib loo furay oo xaqiijiyay guushii Biden saacadihii hore ee Janaayo 7. In ka badan 140 booliis ah ayaa ku dhaawacmay, shan qofna way dhinteen intii uu socday ama ka dib weerarka. Dhacdadan ayaa lagu tilmaamay isku day afgambi oo uu sameeyay Trump. ==Inta u dhaxaysa madaxweynayaasha (2021-2025)== Markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ku noolaado Mar-a-Lago, isaga oo xafiis ka samaystay halkaas sida uu dhigayo sharciga madaxweynayaashii hore . Sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee sii socota ee ku saabsan doorashada 2020 waxaa caadi ahaan loogu yeeraa " beenta weyn " ee uu dhaleeceeyay, inkastoo May 2021, isaga iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa ay bilaabeen isticmaalka ereyga si ay u tixraacaan doorashada lafteeda. Xisbiga Jamhuurigu wuxuu u adeegsaday sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee ku saabsan doorashada si uu ugu caddeeyo soo rogida xannibaadaha codbixinta cusub ee ay ku jirto. Wuxuu sii waday inuu ku cadaadiyo sharci-dejiyeyaasha gobolka inay joojiyaan doorashada. Si ka duwan madaxweynayaashii hore ee kale, Trump wuxuu sii waday inuu xukumo xisbigiisa; profile 2022 ee New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay inuu yahay madaxa xisbiga casriga ah . Waxa uu sii waday lacag ururinta, isaga oo kor u qaaday xabad dagaal oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan laba jeer xisbiga Jamhuuriga, oo uu ka faa'iidaystay lacag ururinta musharaxiin badan oo Jamhuuri ah oo lagu qabtay Mar-a-Lago. Inta badan waxa uu diiradda saaray maamulka xisbiga iyo in uu xilal muhiim ah ka dhigo saraakiil isaga daacad u ah. Doorashadii xilliga dhexe ee 2022 , wuxuu taageeray in ka badan 200 oo musharraxiin ah oo u tartamaya xafiisyo kala duwan. Bishii Febraayo 2021, wuxuu diiwaangeliyay shirkad cusub, Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG), si ay u siiso "adeegyada isku xirka bulshada" macaamiisha Mareykanka. Bishii Maarso 2024, TMTG waxay ku biirtay shirkad soo iibsata ujeedo gaar ah oo Digital World Acquisition waxayna noqotay shirkad dadweyne . Bishii Febraayo 2022, TMTG waxay bilowday Truth Social , oo ah madal warbaahinta bulshada ah. ===Arrimaha sharciga=== Sannadkii 2019-kii, wariye E. Jean Carroll ayaa ku eedeeyay Trump inuu kufsaday 1990-meeyadii, wuxuuna ku dacweeyay sumcad-dil uu u geystay diidmadiisa. Carroll ayaa mar kale dacweeyay 2022 batari iyo sumcad dil dheeraad ah. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay xadgudub galmo iyo sumcad dil waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo $ 5 milyan hal kiis iyo $ 83.3 milyan kan kale. Maxkamadaha rafcaanka federaalku waxay taageereen natiijooyinkii iyo abaal-marintii Diseembar 2024 iyo Sebtembar 2025, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sannadkii 2022, New York waxay soo gudbisay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyada oo ku eedaysay inuu sare u qaaday qiimaha Ururka Trump si uu faa'iido uga helo bixiyeyaasha iyo bangiyada. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo ku dhawaad ​​$355 milyan oo lagu daray dulsaar. Bishii Agoosto 2025, maxkamadda rafcaanku waxay taageertay mas'uuliyadda Trump iyo ganaaxyada aan lacagta ahayn laakiin waxay meesha ka saartay ciqaabta lacageed oo xad dhaaf ah [[File:Classified_intelligence_material_found_during_search_of_Mar-a-Lago.jpg|thumb|Walax sirdoon oo sir ah ayaa la helay intii lagu jiray raadinta Mar-a-Lago]] Iyada oo la xidhiidha dadaalka Trump ee uu ku doonayo in uu ku joojiyo doorashada 2020 iyo ku lug lahaanshaha weerarkii January 6, December 2022 guddiga Aqalka Maraykanka ee weerarka ayaa soo jeediyay eedeymaha dambiyada ka dhanka ah isaga oo hor istaagay dacwad rasmi ah , shirqool lagu khiyaameeyay Maraykanka , iyo kicinta ama caawinta kacdoonka. Bishii Agoosto 2023, xeerbeegti weyn oo ku taal Fulton County, Georgia , ayaa ku soo oogtay 13 eedeymo, oo ay ku jiraan racketeering , dadaalkiisa uu ku doonayo inuu ku dumiyo doorashada 2020 ee gobolka. Bishii Janaayo 2022, Maamulka Kaydka iyo Diiwaanka Qaranka ayaa soo saaray 15 sanduuq oo dukumeenti ah oo Trump u qaaday Mar-a-Lago ka dib markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo qaarkood la sifeeyay. Baaritaankii Waaxda Caddaaladda ee xigay, mas'uuliyiintu waxay ka soo saareen dukumeentiyo sir ah oo badan oo qareenadiisa ah. Agoosto 8, 2022, wakiilada FBI waxay Mar-a-Lago ka baadheen dukumeenti si sharci darro ah loo haysto, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa jebinta sharciga basaasnimada , ururinta 11 dukumeenti qarsoodi ah, qaar sir sare leh. Xeer -beegti heer federaal ah oo uu sameeyay La-taliyaha Gaarka ah Jack Smith ayaa Trump ku soo oogay bishii Juun 2023 31 dacwadood oo ah "si ula kac ah u haynta macluumaadka difaaca qaranka" sida hoos timaada Xeerka Basaasnimada , iyo eedeymo kale. Trump wuu diiday dambiga. Bishii Luulyo 2024, garsoore Aileen Cannon ayaa meesha ka saaray kiiska , xukunka Smith magacaabistiisa xeer ilaaliye gaar ah wuxuu ahaa sharci darro. Bishii Maajo 2024, Trump waxaa lagu xukumay 34 dacwadood oo dembi ah oo ka been sheegay diiwaannada ganacsiga . Kiisku wuxuu ka yimid caddayn ah inuu ballansaday lacag-bixinnada lacagta-ka-soo-baxa ee Michael Cohen ee jilaa filimada qaangaarka ah ee Stormy Daniels sida kharashaadka ganacsiga si uu u daboolo eedeymihiisii ​​2006-2007 ee Daniels intii lagu jiray doorashadii 2016. Janaayo 10, 2025, xaakimku wuxuu siiyay Trump xukun ciqaab la'aan ah oo loo yaqaan siideyn shuruud la'aan ah, isagoo sheegay in shuruudaha ciqaabta ay faragelinayaan xasaanadda madaxweynaha. Ka dib markii dib loo doortay, kiiskii carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 iyo kiiskii dukumeentiyada qarsoodiga ahaa waa la eryay iyada oo aan la eedayn siyaasada Waaxda Cadaaladda ee ka dhanka ah dacwad qaadista madaxweynayaasha. ==2024 doorashada madaxweynaha== Bishii Noofambar 2022, Trump wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu u tartamayo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2024 wuxuuna abuuray akoon lacag ururin ah. Bishii Maarso 2023, ololuhu wuxuu bilaabay inuu u weeciyo boqolkiiba toban deeqaha hoggaankiisa PAC . Ololihiisu waxa uu bixiyay $100 milyan oo ku wajahan biilasha sharciga ah March 2024. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump wuxuu sameeyay hadallo rabshado wata oo isa soo taraya. Waxa uu sheegay in uu hubayn doono FBI-da iyo Waaxda Caddaaladda ee ka soo horjeeda siyaasaddiisa oo uu u adeegsado militariga si uu u beegsado siyaasiyiinta Dimuqraadiga ah iyo kuwa aan taageersanayn musharaxnimadiisa. Wuxuu adeegsaday hadallo ka daran oo bini'aadantinimada ka dhan ah intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa. Hadalkiisa, isaga oo ugu yeeraya mucaaradkiisa siyaasadeed "cadow", cayayaan, iyo faashiistaha, ayaa taariikhyahannada iyo aqoonyahannada qaarkood ku tilmaameen kalitalisnimo, faashiste oo ka duwan wax kasta oo musharax siyaasadeed uu waligiis ku sheegay taariikhda Mareykanka. Da'da iyo welwelka caafimaadka ayaa sidoo kale kacday intii lagu jiray ololaha, iyada oo dhowr khabiiro caafimaad ah ay muujinayaan kororka xamaasada, hadalka jilicsan iyo dabeecadda . Trump wuxuu xusay "doorasho la musuq-maasuqay" iyo "faragelin doorashada" ka hor iyo in ka badan intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016 iyo 2020 wuxuuna diiday inuu ballan qaado inuu aqbalo natiijada doorashada 2024. Falanqeeyayaasha New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay tan sida xoojinta "madaxyada aan ku guuleysto; dabo aad khiyaamayso" xeeladaha hadal; Wargeysku waxa uu sheegay in sheegashada doorashada lagu shubtay ay noqotay laf dhabarta ololaha. July 13, 2024, Trump ayaa dhegta lagu toogtay isku day dil oo ka dhacay isu soo bax olole oo ka dhacay magaalada Butler Township, Pennsylvania . Laba maalmood ka dib, Shirweynihii Qaranka ee Jamhuuriga ee 2024 ayaa u magacaabay musharaxa madaxweynenimo. Bishii Sebtembar, waa la bartilmaameedsaday laakiin waxba ma gaarin isku day dil oo Florida ka dhacay . Trump wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii Noofambar 2024 isagoo helay 312 codadka doorashada madaxweyne ku xigeenka Kamala Harris's 226. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku guuleystay codadka caanka ah 49.8% Harris' 48.3%. Guushiisa 2024 waxay qayb ka ahayd dib-u-dhac caalami ah oo ka dhan ah xisbiyada xilka haya, oo qayb weyn ka ah sicir bararka 2021-2023 . Dhowr xarumood ayaa ku tilmaamay dib u doorashadiisa soo laabasho aan caadi ahayn. ==Madaxweynaha labaad (2025- hadda)== [[File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_(2025)_(alternate).jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , waxaa maamula madaxa cadaalada John Roberts , Janaayo 20, 2025]] Trump wuxuu bilaabay markiisa labaad markii uu xilka qabtay Janaayo 20, 2025. Wuxuu noqday shaqsiga ugu da'da weyn ee qabta xilka madaxtinimo , madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee dambi culus lagu soo oogay, iyo qofkii labaad ee laba xilli oo aan isku xigta madaxweyne ka noqdo. Isku daygiisii ​​uu ku doonayay inuu ku balaadhiyo awoodda madaxweynaha iyo iska horimaadyada maxkamadaha ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay sifada qeexaysa xilligiisa labaad. ===Ficilada hore, 2025- hadda=== Markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, Trump waxa uu saxeexay amarro fulineed oo taxane ah . Qaar badan oo kuwan ka mid ah waxay tijaabiyeen awooddiisa sharci, waxayna soo saareen tallaabo sharci oo degdeg ah. Wuxuu soo saaray amaro fulineed ka badan maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne kasta. Afar maalmood oo ka mid ah xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad, falanqaynta uu sameeyay Time waxay ogaatay in ku dhawaad ​​​​saddex-meelood laba meelood ee ficilladiisa fulinta "muraayada ama qayb ahaan muraayadda" soo jeedinta Mashruuca 2025 . Toddobaadyadiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, dhowr ka mid ah ficilladiisa ayaa iska indhatiray ama ku xad-gudbay sharciyada federaalka, qawaaniinta, iyo Dastuurka sida ay qabaan culimada sharciga ee Mareykanka. Bishii ugu horreysay ee maamulkiisa, Trump wuxuu soo saaray sagaashan amar fulineed, qoraallo, iyo awaamiir. Waxa uu u adeegsaday dawladda si uu u beegsado dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda iyo ficilladiisa ka dhanka ah bulshada rayidka ah ayay khubarada sharciga iyo boqollaal saynisyahano siyaasadeed ku tilmaameen mid keli-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Awaamiirtiisa iyo ficilladiisa waxaa ka soo horjeestay in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo dalka oo dhan ah, iyada oo intooda badan ay weli u socdaan maxkamadaha July 2. ===Iskahorimaadyada xiisaha, 2025 - hadda=== Madaxtinimadii labaad ee Trump waxaa lagu tilmaamay in uu leeyahay ilaalin yar oo ka dhan ah iskahorimaadyada danaha marka loo eego kii ugu horreeyay, iyo jabinta tobannaan sano oo xeerarka anshaxa. Waxa uu sii waday shirkad si guud looga ganacsado oo ku taal Trump Media & Technology Group , wuxuuna u kala beddelay adeegyo maaliyadeed. Waxa uu daba galay heshiisyo cusub oo hanti ma guurto ah oo dibadda ah oo ay ku lug leeyihiin hay'ado dawladeed oo xidhiidh la leh, waxana uu lahaa dhawr shirkadood oo calaamadayn iyo shati bixin ah oo uu ku iibinayo badeecooyinka sumadda Trump. Waxa uu ka faa'iideystey xafladaha lagu qabto hoteeladiisa iyo koorsooyinkiisa golf-ka, hantidiisana ma gelin kalsooni indho-la'aan ah, sidii madaxweynayaashii hore ay yeeli jireen. Bishii Agoosto 2025, shaacinta qasabka ah ee Trump ee maalgashiga ayaa muujisay in, tan iyo markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, uu sameeyay 690 iibsasho curaarta degmada iyo saamiyada shirkadaha oo wadartoodu ay dhan tahay ugu yaraan $104 milyan. Waxaa ku jiray saamiyada shirkadaha ay saameeyeen isbeddelada uu ku sameeyay siyaasadaha federaalka. Trump waxa uu meesha ka saaray hab-raacii anshaxa ee maamulkii hore iyo fulinta sharciyada mamnuucaya laaluushka iyada oo aan la samayn hab-raacyo anshaxeed oo rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay dadka loo magacaabayo siyaasadda, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay la soo galeen maamulkiisa "liiska aan caadiga ahayn ee weyn ee isku dhacyada xiisaha leh". Waxa uu meesha ka saaray eedeymihii musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ahaa siyaasiyiintii xiriirka la lahaa isaga wuxuuna joojiyay dhaqangelinta sharciga mamnuucaya in shirkadaha ka shaqeeya Mareykanka ay laaluushaan dowlado shisheeye. Trump wuxuu bilaabay, dallacsiiyay, oo shakhsi ahaan uga faa'iidaystay laba calaamadood oo cryptocurrency ah ("qadaadiicda meme"), $ Trump iyo $ Melania. Waxa kale oo uu si toos ah uga faa'iidaystay qoyskiisa shirkadda cryptocurrency World Liberty Financial , taas oo ku hawlan isku-dhafka aan horay loo arag ee ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay iyo siyaasadda dawladda. Bishii Luulyo 2025, maamulka Trump wuxuu Qatar ka aqbalay $400 milyan diyaarad qaali ah si uu ugu adeego Air Force One ilaa dhamaadka xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad ka dibna loo wareejiyo maktabadiisa madaxtooyada. Dib u habeynta sida Air Force One ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay ku kacayso ilaa $1 bilyan. ===Joojinta guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka=== Trump wuxuu ka hirgaliyay shaqo joojinta guud ahaan dowladda federaalka wuxuuna amray in shaqada teleefoonka shaqaalaha federaalka lagu joojiyo 30 maalmood gudahood. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in dib u eegis lagu sameeyo jagooyin badan oo shaqaale rayid ah oo xirfadeed iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in dib loogu kala saaro boosaska la rabo iyada oo aan lahayn ilaalin shaqo. Waxa uu bilaabay joojinta shaqada guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka, oo ay ku tilmaameen khabiirada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag ama ku xad-gudbay sharciga federaalka, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo shaqaale si aad ah ula socda ajendihiisa. Dabayaaqadii Febraayo, maamulku waxa uu shaqada ka eryay in ka badan 30,000 oo qof. Si loo fududeeyo joojinta dheeraadka ah, waxay qaadatay tarjumaad sharci oo cusub oo si weyn u ballaarinaysa qaybaha iyo wakaaladaha loo arko inay haystaan ​​​​ammaanka qaranka shaqadooda aasaasiga ah, oo ku dhawaaqaya ururada shaqaalaha federaalka ee kala duwan "cadow". Amarka fulinta dabayaaqadii March ee ku salaysan tarjumaaddan ayaa ka saaray daraasiin waaxyo iyo wakaaladaha barnaamijyada xiriirka maamulka shaqada ee federaalka , taasoo ku kaliftay inay dacweeyaan si ay u buriyaan heshiisyadooda gorgortanka wadareed , kaas oo ka saari kara ilaalinta ururka hal milyan oo shaqaale federaal ah. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in la joojiyo kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) mashaariicda dawladda federaalka wuxuuna ku meeleeyay shaqaalaha xafiisyada DEI fasax. Waxa uu buriyay Amarka Fulinta ee Lyndon B. Johnson ee 1965 ee 11246 , kaas oo amrayay in qandaraaslayaasha federaalku ay qaadaan tallaabo cad oo lagu joojinayo takoorka jinsiyadeed. Waxtarka Trump iyo Elon Musk 's Department of Government waxay si weyn u burburiyeen dhowr hay'adood oo federaal ah oo ay ku jiraan USAID iyo Waaxda Waxbarashada , iyagoo keli ah shaqada ka eryay dhowr kun oo shaqaale ah, waxayna hoos u dhigtay hawlaha maamulka ilaa ugu yaraan sharci. Ficilada qaar, sida isku dayga lagu burburinayo Xafiiska Ilaalinta Maaliyadeed ee Macmiilka , waxaa hakiyay maxkamadaha federaalka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisu waxay isku dayeen inay keenaan hay'ado madax-bannaan oo taariikhi ah oo hoos yimaada laanta fulinta oo si toos ah u hoos timaada qaabab yar. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga, 2025- hadda=== Sida madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horeysay, Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u hareer maray Xafiiska Xeer Ilaaliyaha Cafiska . Waxa uu ku rakibay siyaasad daacad ah Ed Martin kaas oo ku tilmaamay sababta cafis loo bixiyo "Ma jiro MAGA ka tagay". Cafiskii Trump iyo deeqaha naxariista waxay door bideen xulafada siyaasadeed iyo kuwa daacadda u ah, oo si aan loo kala sooc lahayn loo cafiyay "kuwa xoogga badan, caanka ah, si fiican ugu xiran iyo maalqabeenada" ee lagu eedeeyay dambiyada cadaanka ah. Trump waxa uu cafis u fidiyay dhammaan 6-dii January rabshadihii lagu xukumay ama lagu soo oogay maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee xafiiska, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa si xun u weeraray booliiska, isaga oo cafiyay in ka badan 1,500 oo uu cafiyay xukunnada 14. ===Siyaasadda gudaha, 2025- hadda=== Trump wuxuu ka dhaxlay dhaqaale adkeysi leh maamulka Biden, kobaca dhaqaalaha, shaqo la'aanta yar, iyo sicir bararka hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu ku amray wakaaladaha in ay joojiyaan dhaqan gelinta xeerarka aan la jeclayn iyaga oo isku dayaya in si weyn loo xakameeyo taasoo khubarada sharcigu ay ku tilmaameen sharci-darro iyo lid ku ah tobanaan sano ee sharciga federaalka. Waxa uu raadiyay in dawladdu ay maamusho ganacsiyo gaar ah oo uu ka tago dhaqanka suuqa xorta ah ee muxaafidka ah , halkii uu doorbidi lahaa hanti-wadaaga dawladda isaga oo si toos ah u qaadanaya saamiga dawladda ee sinnaanta shirkadaha waaweyn ee Maraykanka. Trump wuxuu joojiyay oo joojiyay deeqihii federaalka wuxuuna sameeyay dhimis ballaaran oo cilmi baaris ah, kuwaas oo dhowr ka mid ah ay heleen garsoorayaasha iyo Xafiiska Xisaabtanka ee Dowladda inay yihiin sharci darro iyo dastuuri. Waxa uu kor u qaaday diidmada isbeddelka cimilada iyo macluumaadka khaldan, oo u magacaabay saliidda, gaasta, iyo kiimikooyinka u ololeeya EPA si ay u beddelaan xeerarka cimilada iyo xakamaynta wasakhowga. Trump wuxuu ku tiirsanaa ku dhawaaqida xaaladaha degdegga ah ee qaranka si uu u caddeeyo boqollaal ficil oo uu ka gudbo ansixinta kongareeska ama dib u eegista sharciga. Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo tamarta qaranka ah, taasoo u oggolaanaysa joojinta xeerarka deegaanka, dabcinta sharciyada soo saarista shidaalka iyo xaddididda mashaariicda tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo. Waxa uu bilaabay dib-u-eegis ku saabsan "sharciga iyo sii socoshada ku-dhaqanka" ee raadinta khatarta EPA , taas oo ah saldhigga ugu badan ee xeerarka federaalka ee gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo, oo mar kale ka baxay US Heshiiskii Paris ee isbedelka cimilada. Burburinta hay'adaha dawladda ee fulinaya sharciyada ka dhanka ah musuqmaasuqa siyaasadeed iyo khiyaanada cad, Trump wuxuu hoos u dhigay Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Waaxda Cadaaladda Dadweynaha 30 ilaa shan qareen, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay 17 kormeerayaal madax -bannaan oo ka tirsan hay'adaha dawladda iyo 12 xubnood oo ka tirsan hay'adaha kormeerka madax-bannaan ee 7 iyo kormeerayaasha Xafiiska FBI-da ee Washington oo baaray eedeymaha musuqmaasuqa iyo musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ah saraakiisha dowladda iyo xubnaha Congress-ka. Wuxuu cafiyay ama laalay eedeymaha ka dhanka ah saraakiisha lagu eedeeyay musuqmaasuq. Trump wuxuu u aaneeyay dhibaatooyinka bulshada kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) hindisayaasha iyo baraarugga . Isbarbardhigga kala duwanaanshaha iyo karti-darrada, wuxuu beddelay siyaasadihii kala-duwanaanshaha ee dawladda federaalka. Waxa uu damcay in uu dib ugu sameeyo bulshada rayidka ah dookhiisa amarka fulinta. On DEI iyo nacaybka nacaybka, wuxuu u hanjabay hay'adaha dhaqanka iyo lixdan jaamacadood, wuxuuna ku qasbay shirkadaha sharciga inay u hoggaansamaan ajandihiisa siyaasadeed. Trump ayaa balaariyay adeegsiga gudaha ee ciidamada wuxuuna amray in la geeyo magaalooyin dhowr ah oo xisbiga Dimuquraadiga uu hogaamiyo , wuxuuna ku hanjabay inuu sii balaarin doono howlgalladiisa. ===Siyaasadaha ka-hortagga LGBTQ+=== Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadii labaad, Trump wuxuu bilaabay olole dagaal oo ka dhan ah LGBTQ + iyo gaar ahaan siyaasadaha ka-hortagga jinsiga ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba, oo maamulkiisu u soo bandhigay sidii wax looga qaban lahaa " fikirka jinsiga ". Siyaasadahan waxay doonayeen inay baabi'iyaan aqoonsiga federaalka ee dadka transgender-ka ah, ka xayuubinta dadka transgender ilaalinta sharciga iyo in laga tirtiro aqoonsiga trans ee nolosha guud. Iyadoo loo marayo amarro fulineed oo isdaba-joog ah iyo ficilo kale, maamulkiisu wuxuu si adag u qeexay jinsiga si adag bayoolooji dhalashada, laga mamnuucay dadka ka soo jeeda milatariga, xaddidan ama la daboolay daryeelka caafimaadka jinsiga, oo ka soo horjeeda luqadda loo dhan yahay , cilmi-baaris iyo agab waxbarasho oo faafreeb ah, iyo bartilmaameedyada dugsiyada, jaamacadaha, iyo xarumaha fikradda. Tallaabooyin dheeri ah ayaa ka mamnuucay ciyaartooyda transgender-ka ciyaaraha, helitaanka baasaboor xaddidan, waxayna sii hurisay dadaallada caalamiga ah ee lagu wiiqayo xuquuqda trans. Waxaa weheliya hadallo muujinaya dadka ka beddelka jinsiga inay yihiin khatar bulsho, siyaasadahani waxay kiciyeen caqabado sharciyeed oo baahsan, cambaarayn ka timid kooxaha xuquuqul insaanka, iyo kor u kaca socdaalka iyo sheegashooyinka magangelyo ee ay qabaan dadka isku jinsiga ah ee Maraykanka ah ===Hal Xeer Bill Qurux Badan=== Bishii Luulyo 2025, Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Sharcigu waxa uu ka dhigay dhimista cashuurta cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada 2017 mid joogto ah waxana uu ku daray cashuur dhimis dheeraad ah oo dhan ku dhawaad ​​$4.5 trillion, inta badan ka faa’iidaysanaysa dakhliga ugu sarreeya oo dadka ku kaca dakhliga ugu hooseeya $1,600 sanadkii; kordhinta dhaqaalaha difaaca qaranka, masaafurinta, darbiga xuduudka, iyo gaashaanka gantaalaha; lagana saaray cashuurtii laga qaadi lahaa mashaariicda tamarta nadiifka ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo ilaha tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo sida dabaysha iyo tamarta cadceedda iyo kuwa iibsada baabuurta korontada. Sharcigu wuxuu jaray maalgelinta Medicaid iyo SNAP wuxuuna ku daray shuruudo shaqo oo dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay u-qalmitaanka iyo $35 lacag-bixineed ee adeegyada Medicaid qaarkood; dhimista iyo shuruudaha dheeraadka ah ayaa dhaqan galaya ka dib doorashada guud ee 2026. Sharciga waxaa saadaaliyay Xafiiska Miisaaniyadda Kongareeska inuu ku kordhiyo dhimista miisaaniyada $3.4 trillion marka la gaaro 2034, sababa 11.8 milyan oo qof inay lumiyaan caymiska Medicaid, iyo meesha laga saaro dheefaha SNAP ee seddex milyan oo qof. ===Socdaalka, 2025- hadda=== Maalmihiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump waxa uu ku amray ilaalada xuduudaha in ay si kooban u tarxiilaan soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee ka soo gudbaya xadka, isaga oo curyaamiyay barnaamijka CBP One ee loo isticmaalay in lagu jadwaleeyo xuduudaha. Waxa uu dib u bilaabay hadhaagii siyaasadda Mexico , waxa uu kooxaha daroogada u magacaabay kooxo argagixiso ah, waxana uu amray in dib loo bilaabo dhismaha darbiga xuduudka. Hawlgallada masaafurinta ayaa marka hore diiradda saaray "liiska bartilmaameedka" ee dambiilayaasha la sameeyay ka hor xilliga labaad ee Trump. Kadibna maamulkiisu wuxuu meesha ka saaray magangelyo codsadayaasha ku guul daraystay inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha, waxay laashay xaaladda sii-daynta sharafeed ee muhaajiriinta ku soo galay US iyadoo la raacayo CBP One iyo CHNV sii-daynta sharafeed bini'aadantinimo, waxay isku dayeen inay ka saaraan dhalashada dhalashada , waxayna hakiyeen Barnaamijka Ogolaanshaha Qaxootiga . Bishii Maarso, wuxuu u adeegsaday Xeerka Cadawga Shisheeyaha ee 1798 si uu u xidho muhaajiriinta sharci darrada ah maxkamad la'aan -mid ka mid ah "khalad maamul" iyo inta badan iyada oo aan lahayn diiwaannada dambiyada -Xarunta Xakamaynta Argagaxisada ee El Salvador. Wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha , muhaajiriinta sharciga ah, dalxiisayaasha, iyo ardayda fiisaha leh kuwaas oo muujiyay dhaleeceynta siyaasaddiisa ama u doodista Falastiiniyiinta. Dhowr muwaadiniin Maraykan ah ayaa la xidhay oo la tarxiilay . ===Siyaasadda Dibadda, 2025- hadda=== Muddadii labaad ee Trump siyaasaddiisa arrimaha dibadda waxaa siyaabo kala duwan loogu sifeeyay Imperialist , balaarin , go'doomiye , iyo autarkist , iyadoo adeegsanaysa fikradda " America First " oo ah asaaskeeda. Maamulkiisu wuxuu door biday awood adag si uu u gaaro yoolalka siyaasadda dibadda, wuxuuna burburiyay ama ka laabtay taageerada ururada gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee u heellan horumarinta awoodda jilicsan ee Maraykanka . Dhaqdhaqaaqyada ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay hoos u dhigayaan saamaynta Maraykanka ee caalamiga ah iyo abuurista bannaan ay buuxiyeen Ruushka iyo Shiinaha . Xidhiidhka Trump ee xulafada waxa uu ahaa macaamil ganacsi oo u dhexeeyay danayn la'aan ilaa cadaawad, oo ay ku jiraan hanjabaad ku darida. Bishii Febraayo 2025, Trump iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka Vance waxay ku dhaleeceeyeen madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy kulan muran badan dhaliyay oo telefishinka laga sii daayay. Warbaahinta ayaa ku tilmaantay iska hor imaad aan hore loo arag oo dhex maray madaxweyne Maraykan ah iyo madax ajnabi ah . Trump iyo maamulkiisa imaan doona ayaa gacan ka geystay dhexdhexaadinta xabbad joojinta dagaalka Gaza oo ay weheliyaan maamulka Biden, oo la dhaqan galiyay maalin ka hor caleema saarkiisa. Bishii Maarso, Israa'iil waxay jebisay xabbad-joojintii . Siyaasadaha dhaqaalaha ee Trump ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo ilaalinaya , iyadoo Trump uu ku soo rogay canshuuraha dalalka intooda badan, oo ay ku jiraan canshuuraha waaweyn ee la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga ee Shiinaha, Canada, iyo Mexico. Wuxuu bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo caalami ah , isagoo ku soo rogay canshuuro heerkii ugu sarreeyay tan iyo 1930kii Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act ee bilawga diiqada weyn . Dhaqaale-yahannadu waxay ku doodeen in maamulku uu si khaldan u fahmay xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhimista ganacsiga iyo canshuuraha, iyaga oo isticmaalaya fikrado khaldan. Narendra Modi ayaa ka falceliyay 50 boqolkiiba tacriifta Trump ee soo dejinta Hindiya isaga oo sii xoojinaya xiriirka Shiinaha. Wuxuu hakiyay tabarucaadkii dhaqaale ee Maraykanku siin jiray Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka . ===Garsoorka, 2025 – hadda=== Garsoorayaasha federaalku waxay u arkeen qaar badan oo ka mid ah falalka maamulka inay yihiin sharci-darro. Ka dib dib-u-dhac xagga sharciga ah, Trump wuxuu kordhiyey dhaleeceynta garsoorka wuxuuna ku baaqay in la soo oogo garsoorayaasha federaalka ee isaga ka soo horjeeday. Wuxu u hanjabay, saxeexay tallaabooyinka fulinta, waxaanu amray in baadhitaan lagu sameeyo dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda, dhaleecaynta, iyo ururrada la safan Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga. Bartamihii Luulyo, falanqaynta Washington Post waxay ogaatay inuu ka soo horjeestay garsoorayaasha iyo maxkamadaha qiyaastii saddex meelood meel dhammaan kiisaska isaga ka dhanka ah, falalka ay ku tilmaameen khubarada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag maamul kasta oo madaxweyne ah. ( 654 ) Diidmada amarada maxkamada iyo sheegashadiisa xaq u lahaanshaha maxkamadaha waxay cabsi galisay khubarada sharciga qalalaasaha dastuuriga ah . Falanqaynta badan oo ay sameeyeen aqoonyahanno akadeemiyadeed iyo The New York Times waxay ogaadeen in labada garsoore ee Jamhuuriga iyo Dimuqraadigu ay heleen cillado badan oo dastuuri ah iyo qaanuuneed oo leh siyaasadaha maamulka Trump. Maamulkiisu wuxuu caddeeyey xuquuq dastuuri ah oo ah inuu iska indhatiro sharciga federaalka isagoo sabab uga dhigaya dhowr tallaabo sida diidmadiisa inuu dhaqan geliyo mamnuucista federaalka ee TikTok , iyada oo khubarada sharciga ay ku tilmaameen inay tahay "awood dastuuri ah oo lagu tallaalayo dhinacyada gaarka ah inay ku kacaan falal kale oo sharci darro ah iyada oo aan la ciqaabin". Waxa kale oo uu ku hawlanaa beegsiga aan hore loo arag ee shirkadaha sharciga iyo qareennada oo hore u matalay jagooyin lid ku ah naftiisa. ==Dhaqan siyaasadeed iyo hadal-hayn== Laga soo bilaabo ololihiisii ​​2016, siyaasadda Trump iyo hadal-hayntiisa ayaa horseeday abuuritaanka dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo loo yaqaan Trumpism. Mawqifkiisa siyaasadeed waa populist ,oo si gaar ah loogu tilmaamay populist garabka midig . Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inuu aqbalay xag-jirnimada midigta-fog , wuxuuna ka caawiyay inuu keeno fikradaha iyo ururrada midigta fog ee guud ahaan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisa iyo hadalladiisa ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Trump waxa uu ku riixay balaadhinta awoodda madaxweynanimada iyada oo la raacayo tafsiir maxalli ah oo ku saabsan aragtida fulinta midaysan . Saldhiggiisa siyaasadeed waxa la barbar dhigay cibaadaysi shakhsiyeed . Hadalka Trump iyo ficilkiisa ayaa lagu eedeeyay in uu abuuray oo uu uga sii daray cadhada iyo kalsooni darada iyada oo la adeegsanayo sheeko "annaga" iyo "iyaga" . Wuxuu si cad oo joogto ah u dhaleeceeyaa jinsiyadda, diinta, iyo qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay, iyo culimadu waxay si joogto ah u ogaadaan in nacaybka jinsiyadeed ee ku saabsan madowga, soogalootiga, iyo Muslimiinta ay yihiin saadaalinta ugu fiican ee taageerada Trump. Hadaladiisa waxa lagu tilmaamay in uu isticmaalay cabsi-cabsi iyo maangaabnimo taas oo sii xoogaysatay ololihiisii ​​madaxtinimada ee 2024 . Wuxuu sheegay inuu rumaysan yahay in awoodda dhabta ahi ay ka timaad cabsi. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Alt-right ayaa isku duubay oo taageeray musharaxnimadiisa, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay qayb ka mid ah diidmada dhaqamada kala duwan iyo socdaalka . Waxa uu leeyahay rafcaan xooggan oo loogu talagalay codbixiyayaasha Masiixiyiinta ah ee wacdiya iyo waddaniyiinta Masiixiyiinta ah , iyo dibad-baxyadiisa waxay qaataan calaamadaha, odhaahda, iyo ajandaha waddaniyadda Masiixiyiinta. Trump waxa uu sidoo kale u adeegsaday shuuci ka soo horjeeda hadaladiisa, isaga oo si joogta ah ugu yeeraya kuwa ka soo horjeeda " Communists " iyo " Marxists ===Aragtida jinsiyadeed iyo jinsiga=== Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinka iyo ficillada Trump ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsurinimo. Ra'yi ururin qaran oo 2018 ah, qiyaastii kala badh ka mid ah jawaab bixiyaasha ayaa sheegay inuu yahay cunsuri; in badan oo ka mid ah waxay aaminsanaayeen in uu ku dhiirraday cunsuriyiinta. Dhowr daraasadood iyo sahanno ayaa lagu ogaaday in dabeecadaha cunsuriyadu ay kiciyeen siyaasadiisa siyaasadeed oo ay aad uga muhiimsan yihiin arrimaha dhaqaalaha ee lagu go'aaminayo daacadnimada codbixiyayaasha Trump. Dabeecadaha cunsuriyiinta iyo Islaam nacaybka ayaa ah tilmaamo xooggan oo muujinaya taageerada Trump. Waxaa lagu eedeeyay cunsurinimo isagoo ku adkeystay koox ka kooban shan dhalinyaro madow iyo Latino ah inay kufsadeen haweeney caddaan ah kiiska 1989 Central Park jogger , xitaa ka dib markii laga saaray 2002. Sannadkii 2011-kii, Trump waxa uu noqday hoggaamiyihii hormoodka u ahaa fikradda shirqoolka cunsuriga ah ee "dhalasho" ee ah in Barack Obama, madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee madow ee Mareykanka, uusan ku dhalan Mareykanka. Waxa uu ku andacooday in uu ku cadaadiyay dawladda in ay daabacdo warqadda dhalashada Obama, taas oo uu u arkay in ay tahay khiyaano. Waxa uu qiray in Obama uu ku dhashay Maraykanka bishii Sebtembar 2016, inkasta oo la sheegay in uu si gaar ah u muujiyay aragtida dhalashada ee 2017. Intii lagu jiray ololihii doorashada 2024, wuxuu sameeyay weeraro been abuur ah oo ka dhan ah aqoonsiga jinsiyadeed ee ka soo horjeeda, Kamala Harris, kaas oo lagu tilmaamay inay xasuusinayaan fikradda shirqoolka dhalashada. Ololihiisii ​​2024 waxa uu si weyn u adeegsaday luqadda bini'aadantinimada ka-hortagga ah iyo fikradaha jinsiyadeed . Sannadkii 2025, wuxuu kor u qaaday sheegashooyinka beenta ah ee xasuuqa cadaanka ah ee Koonfur Afrika wuxuuna abuuray barnaamijka qaxootiga ee Koonfur Afrika . Trump ayaa caado u ah inuu dumarka xaqiro marka uu la hadlayo warbaahinta iyo baraha bulshada. Wuxuu sameeyay faallooyin xunxun, wuxuu naqdiyay muuqaalka dumarka, wuxuuna u tixraacay iyaga oo isticmaalaya ereyo sharaf leh. Laga bilaabo 2020, 26 dumar ah ayaa si fagaare ah ugu eedeeyay anshax-xumo galmo , oo ay ku jiraan kufsi, dhunkasho ogolaansho la'aan, xoqid, fiirinta goonnada haweenka hoostooda, iyo ku lugaynta tartamayaasha qaan-gaarka ee qaawan. Eedeymahaas wuu diiday. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, 2005 " murafoon kulul " ayaa soo baxay isaga oo ku faanaya dhunkashada iyo dhunkashada haweenka iyaga oo aan raalli ka ahayn, isaga oo leh, "Markaad xiddig tahay, waxay kuu oggolaadaan inaad sameyso. Wax kasta waad sameyn kartaa ... Ku qabo feerka . " Waxa uu faallooyinka ku tilmaamay "hadal-qol-badel". Dhacdadan oo si baahsan u soo bandhigtay warbaahinta ayaa keentay raaligelintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee dadweynaha, oo la duubay intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxweynaha 2016. ===Isku xirka rabshadaha iyo dembiyada nacaybka=== Trump ayaa loo aqoonsaday in uu fure u yahay kordhinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee Mareykanka, isaga oo ka dhan ah iyo mid ka dhan ah. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu ku qanacsan yahay xagjirnimada, aragtiyaha shirqoolka sida Q-Anon , iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada xagjirka ah ee midigta fog ilaa xad ka weyn madaxweyne kasta oo Maraykan ah oo casri ah, iyo ku lug lahaanshaha argagixisannimada stochastic . Cilmi-baaristu waxay soo jeedinaysaa in hadalka Trump uu la xiriiro kororka dhacdooyinka dembiyada nacaybka, iyo in uu leeyahay saameyn xoog leh oo ku saabsan muujinta dabeecadaha nacaybka ah sababtoo ah sida caadiga ah ee ereyada jinsiyadeed ee cad. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2016, wuxuu ku booriyay ama ammaanay weerarrada jireed ee ka dhanka ah dibad-baxayaasha ama wariyeyaasha. Eedeysaneyaal badan oo lagu baaray ama lagu soo oogay falal rabshado wata iyo dambiyada nacaybka ayaa soo xigtay hadalladiisa isagoo ku doodaya inaysan ahayn dambiile ama ay tahay inay helaan dabacsanaan. Dib u eegis dalka oo dhan ay samaysay ABC News bishii Maajo 2020 ayaa lagu aqoonsaday ugu yaraan 54 kiis oo danbi ah, laga bilaabo Agoosto 2015 ilaa Abriil 2020, kaas oo loogu yeedhay xidhiidh toos ah oo rabshado ama hanjabaado rabshado ah oo inta badan ay geystaan ​​ragga cadaanka ah iyo ugu horrayn ka dhanka ah dadka laga tirada badan yahay. Diidmada Trump ee ah in uu cambaareeyo kooxda cadaanka ah ee Proud Boys intii lagu jiray dooddii madaxweynenimada ee 2020 iyo faallooyinkiisii, "Wiilasha sharafta leh, istaaga oo garab istaaga", ayaa la sheegay in ay keentay in la kordhiyo shaqaaleysiinta kooxda Trump. Cilmi-baarayaasha la-dagaalanka argagixisanimada ayaa ku tilmaamay taariikhdiisa caadiga ah iyo dib-u-eegistiisa ee Janaayo 6 weerarkii Capitol, iyo bixinta naxariista dhammaan Janaayo 6 rabshad-wadayaasha , sida dhiirigelinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee mustaqbalka. ===Aragtiyo shirqool=== Tan iyo ka hor madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu kor u qaaday fikrado badan oo shirqool ah, oo ay ku jiraan Obama "dhalashada", diidmada isbedelka cimilada , iyo faragelinta Ukraine ee lagu eedeeyay doorashadii Mareykanka . Kadib doorashadii madaxweynaha ee 2020, wuxuu kor u qaaday fikradaha shirqoolka ee guuldaradiisa kuwaas oo lagu sifeeyay " beenta weyn ===Hadalo been ah ama marin habaabin ah=== [[File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png|thumb|Xaqiiq-baarayaasha ka socda Washington Ku dhaji , Toronto Star , iyo CNN waxay soo ururiyeen xog ku saabsan "dacwooyin been ah ama marin-habaabin ah" (asalka orange) iyo "sheegashada beenta ah" (violet foreground).]] Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u sheegaa hadalo been abuur ah oo uu ku jiro hadalo fagaare ah, ilaa xad aan horay loo arag siyaasada Mareykanka . Beentiisu waa qayb gaar ah oo ka mid ah aqoonsigiisa siyaasadeed waxaana lagu tilmaamay inay tahay dab-damis . Hadaladiisa beenta ah iyo marin habaabinta ah waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin-hubi , oo ay ku jiraan The Washington Post , kaas oo 30,573 been abuur ah ama been abuur ah oo uu sameeyay intii lagu jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horreeyay, oo sii kordhaya waqti ka dib. Qaar ka mid ah been-abuurka Trump waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan faa'iido lahayn, halka kuwa kalena ay lahaayeen saameyn aad u fog, sida dhiirrigelintiisa aan la hubin ee dawooyinka ka hortagga duumada sida daaweynta COVID-19, taasoo keentay yaraanta Maraykanka ee daawooyinkan iyo iibsashada argagaxa ee Afrika iyo Koonfurta Aasiya. Macluumaad kale oo khaldan, sida si khaldan loogu sheegay kororka dambiyada England iyo Wales "fidinta argagixisada xagjirka ah", waxay u adeegtay ujeedooyinkiisa siyaasadeed ee gudaha. Weeraradiisa waraaqaha waraaqaha boostada iyo dhaqamada kale ee doorashada ayaa wiiqay kalsoonida dadweynaha ee hufnaanta doorashada madaxweynaha 2020, halka xog-warrankiisa ku saabsan masiibada uu dib u dhigay oo uu wiiqay jawaabta qaranka ee ku wajahan. Caadiyan kama cudur daarato beentiisa. Ilaa 2018, warbaahintu marar dhif ah ayay beentiisa ugu yeertay been, oo ay ku jirto markii uu ku celceliyay hadallo been abuur ah. ===Baraha bulshada=== Joogitaanka baraha bulshada ee Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha caalamka kadib markii uu ku biiray Twitter-ka sanadkii 2009. Waxa uu si isdaba joog ah u soo dhigayay ololihiisii ​​2016-kii iyo intii uu madaxweyne ahaa ilaa Twitter-ka uu mamnuucay ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo. Wuxuu inta badan isticmaali jiray Twitter si uu si toos ah ula xiriiro dadweynaha oo uu u leexiyo saxaafadda; ee 2017, xoghayntiisa saxaafadda ayaa sheegay in tweets- kiisa uu ka kooban yahay bayaannada rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2024 iyo madaxweynanimada labaad wuxuu si joogta ah u dhajiyay waxyaabo AI-soo saaray naftiisa sida astaanta dhaqanka pop-ka ama muhaajiriinta ku jeesjeesa. Ka dib sanado badan oo dhaleecayn ah oo loogu ogolaaday Trump in uu ku dhejiyo macluumaad khaldan iyo been abuur, Twitter ayaa bilaabay in uu ku dhejiyo qaar ka mid ah tweetskiisa hubinta xaqiiqda May 2020. Isagoo ka jawaabaya, wuxuu sheegay in shabakadaha warbaahinta bulshada "gebi ahaanba aamusin" muxaafidka oo uu "si adag u xakameyn doono, ama xidhi doono". Kadib weerarkii Janaayo 6, waxaa laga mamnuucay Facebook , Instagram , Twitter, iyo aalado kale. Luminta joogitaankiisa warbaahinta bulshada ayaa hoos u dhigtay awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu qaabeeyo dhacdooyinka oo la xidhiidha hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid mugga macluumaadka khaldan ee Twitter. Bishii Feebaraayo 2022, waxa uu bilaabay bar-kulanka bulshada ee Truth Social halkaas oo uu ku soo jiitay qayb ka mid ah Twitterkiisa. Elon Musk , ka dib markii uu helay Twitter , wuxuu dib u soo celiyay akoonkiisa Twitter bishii Noofambar 2022. Mamnuucidda labada sano ee Meta Platforms ayaa dhacay Janaayo 2023, taas oo u ogolaatay inuu ku laabto Facebook iyo Instagram. ===Xiriirka saxaafadda=== [[File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg|thumb|Isagoo saxaafadda la hadlaya, March 2017]] Trump waxa uu raadiyay dareenka warbaahinta intii uu ku jiray xirfadiisa, isaga oo ilaalinaya xidhiidhka "jacaylka iyo nacaybka" ee uu la leeyahay saxaafadda. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ka faa'iideystey qaddarka rikoorka ah ee warbaahinta xorta ah, oo lagu qiyaasay $ 2 bilyan. Musharrax ahaan iyo madaxweyne ahaan, wuxuu si joogta ah ugu eedeeyay saxaafadda eexda, isaga oo ku tilmaamay "warbaahinta wararka been abuurka ah" iyo " cadowga dadka ". Madaxtinimadii ugu horreysay ee Trump ayaa hoos u dhigtay war-bixinnada rasmiga ah ee saxaafadda ee boqolkii 2017 ilaa kala badh taas 2018 iyo laba 2019; waxa ay sidoo kale kala noqdeen sharcigii saxaafadeed ee laba wariye oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo ay maxkamaduhu dib u soo celiyeen. Trump's 2020 ol'olihii madaxtinimo wuxuu dacweeyay New York Times , Washington Post , iyo CNN ka dib markii uu aflagaadeeyay qaybo ra'yi ah oo ku saabsan mawqifkiisa faragelinta doorashada Ruushka. Dhammaan dacwadihii waa la diiday. Sannadkii 2024, Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u muujiyay taageerada uu ku mamnuucayo diidmada siyaasadeed iyo dhaleeceynta, wuxuuna sheegay in weriyeyaasha waa in lagu dacweeyaa si aanay u sheegin ilo qarsoodi ah iyo shirkadaha warbaahintu waa inay suurtogal tahay inay lumiyaan shatiyadooda baahinta wararka aan fiicnayn ee isaga. Markii dib loo doortay, Trump wuxuu bilaabay dacwooyin wuxuuna abuuray liis madow oo ka dhan ah warbaahinta qaar, wuxuuna la wareegay nidaamka ay wadaan ururka saxafiyiinta Aqalka Cad si uu u doorto xarumaha ay galaangal u leeyihiin. Halkii loo hoggaansami lahaa amarka maxkamadda ee lagu soo celin lahaa gelitaanka Associated Press , Aqalka Cad wuxuu sameeyay siyaasad xaddidan oo la heli karo dhammaan adeegyada siligga. Guddiga Isgaarsiinta Federaalka ayaa bilaabay baaritaanno lagu sameeyo xarumaha warbaahinta ee lagu eedeeyay eex isaga ka dhan ah. Natiijadii hanjabaadda Trump, madaxda warbaahinta waxay ku amreen saxafiyiinta iyo shaqaalahooda inay is-faafreebaan oo ay yareeyaan dhaleeceynta Trump, iyo CBS waxay isku raaceen inay abuuraan Ombudsman si ay ula socdaan kanaalada wararka si ay xididdada ugu siibaan "eex" CBS News. Bishii Luulyo 2025, wuxuu dacweeyay wargeyska Wall Street Journal daabacaadda sheeko la xiriirta saaxiibtinimadiisii ​​hore ee dembiilaha galmada ee Jeffrey Epstein , taasoo calaamad u ah markii ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne fadhiya uu dacweeyo urur warbaahineed eedeymo sumcad dil ah. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== ===Qoyska=== 1977, Trump wuxuu guursaday Ivana Zelníčková . Waxay lahaayeen saddex carruur ah: Donald Jr. (b. 1977), Ivanka (b. 1981), iyo Eric (b. 1984). Lammaanaha ayaa is furay 1990-kii, ka dib markii uu xiriir la yeeshay moodelka iyo atariishada Marla Maples . Isaga iyo Maples waxay guursadeen 1993 waxayna is fureen 1999. Waxay leeyihiin hal gabadh, Tiffany (b. 1993), oo Maples ku kortay California. Sannadkii 2005, wuxuu guursaday moodelka Slovenia Melania Knauss . Waxay leeyihiin hal wiil, Barron (b. 2006). ===Xiriirka Jeffrey Epstein=== Trump waxa uu saaxiibtimo 15 sano ah la lahaa Jeffrey Epstein ; Dadkii markaas yaqaannay waxay sheegeen inay si joogta ah u garaaci jireen oo ay u tartami jireen dumarka. Dareenka warbaahinta iyo cadaadiska dadweynaha ayaa kordhay 2025, markii maamulkiisu uusan sii dayn faylasha la xidhiidha Epstein , inkastoo Trump uu ballanqaaday inuu sidaas samaynayo intii lagu jiray ololaha 2024. ===Caafimaadka=== Trump waxa uu sheegay in aanu waligii cabbin khamri, sigaar cabin, ama aanu isticmaalin daroogo. Wuxuu seexdaa qiyaastii afar ama shan saacadood habeenkii. Waxa uu golfing ugu yeedhay "qaabka jimicsiga aasaasiga ah", laakiin inta badan ma socdo koorsada. Wuxuu u arkaa jimicsigu inuu yahay tamar tamar sababtoo ah wuxuu aaminsan yahay in jirku yahay "sida batteriga oo kale, oo leh qadar xaddidan oo tamar ah", kaas oo lagu dhammeeyo jimicsiga. Sannadkii 2015, ololahiisu wuxuu sii daayay warqad ka timid dhakhtarkiisii ​​gaarka ahaa ee Harold Bornstein , isagoo sheegay inuu " noqon doono shakhsiga ugu caafimaadka badan ee abid loo doorto madaxweynaha". Sannadkii 2018, Bornstein wuxuu sheegay in Trump uu amar ku bixiyay nuxurka warqadda iyo in saddex ka mid ah wakiillada Trump ay qabsadeen diiwaankiisa caafimaad bishii Febraayo 2017 ee xafiiska Bornstein. ===Diinta=== Trump wuxuu sheegay 2016 inuu ahaa Presbyterian iyo Protestant . Sannadkii 2020, wuxuu sheegay inuu yahay Masiixi aan diin-nabi ahayn . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar badan ayaa su'aal ka keenay qoto dheeraanta xiriirka diimeed. Baadhitaan la sameeyay intii lagu guda jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee Trump (2017-2021) ayaa muujisay in boqolkiiba 63 dadka Maraykanku aanay rumaysnayn in uu diin yahay, inkasta oo uu aaminsan yahay in uu Masiixi yahay, boqolkiiba 44 oo keliya dadka Maraykanka ah ayaa aaminsan in Trump uu yahay Masiixi. Qaar ka mid ah faallooyinka Trump ee Kitaabka Qudduuska ah ama dhaqanka Masiixiga ayaa horseeday in dadka indha indheeya ay soo jeediyaan in aqoonta uu u leeyahay Masiixiyadda ay tahay mid maqaar-saar ah ama khalad ah, qaar yar oo taariikh-nololeed ah ayaa ku tilmaamay Trump mid qoto dheer ama xitaa diineed. Waqtigiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu u magacaabay wadaadkiisa gaarka ah iyo lataliyaha ruuxiga ah, milyaneer teleefaanjiste Paula White-Cain , Xafiiska Xiriirka Dadweynaha ee Aqalka Cad . Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad, wuxuu u magacaabay lataliyeheeda sare Xafiiska cusub ee rumaysadka ee Aqalka Cad . ==Qiimaynta== ===Sawirka dadweynaha=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee Trump, laga bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2020, qiimeynta oggolaanshaha caalamiga ah ee hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos uga dhacday 22 boqolkiiba ra'yi ururin Gallup ee 134 waddan ilaa 16 boqolkiiba - oo ka hooseeya Shiinaha Xi Jinping iyo Vladimir Putin ee Ruushka - ee Pew Research ra'yi ee 13 waddan. Sannadka 2017, qiyaasta hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos u dhacday inta badan xulafada. Gudaha, xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu lahaa taageerada ugu weyn ee xisbiyada: 88 boqolkiiba Jamhuuriga iyo 7 boqolkiiba Dimuqraadiyiinta. Codbixintii Gallup ee 2021, wuxuu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan waligii gaadhin 50 boqolkiiba oggolaanshaha, wuxuuna ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aan la magacaabin ee loogu riyaaqay sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska. Muddadii labaad ee rubuciisii ​​​​hore sida uu qabo Gallup, oggolaanshaha Trump wuxuu ahaa 45 boqolkiiba - xoogaa ka wanaagsan xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, oo aad uga hooseeya celceliska boqolkiiba 60 ee madaxweynayaasha kale. Taageeradu waxa ay ahaan jirtay mid aan kala fogayn; Waxa uu helay oggolaanshaha boqolkiiba 90 ee Jamhuuriga, 37 boqolkiiba madax-bannaanida, iyo boqolkiiba 4 ee Dimuqraadiyiinta. Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad wuxuu sidoo kale arkay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid ra'yiga dadweynaha caalamiga ah ee Maraykanka ===Qiimaynta cilmiga=== Ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee Trump, taariikhyahanadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen Trump inuu yahay madaxweynihii afraad ee ugu xumaa sahanka C-SPAN ee 2021 ee taariikhyahannada madaxtooyada. Waxa uu ku qiimeeyay kuwa ugu hooseeya qaybaha sifooyinka hogaaminta ee awooda akhlaaqda iyo xirfadaha maamulka. Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Siena College 's 2022 sahanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay kan saddexaad. Waxa uu ku jiray kaalmaha ugu hooseeya dhammaan qaybaha marka laga reebo nasiibka, rabitaanka khatarta, iyo hoggaanka xisbiga, waxaanu ka galay kaalinta ugu dambeeya dhowr qaybood. 2018 iyo 2024, xubno ka tirsan Ururka Sayniska Siyaasadda Mareykanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay madaxweynaha ugu xun. ==Xusuusin== a:Bilowgii markii Trump uu saddex sano jirsaday, aabbihii waxa uu siin jiray mid kasta oo carruurtiisa ka mid ah $6,000 sannadkii, lacagta ugu badan ee la oggol yahay iyada oo aan la gelin cashuur hadiyadeed. Si looga fogaado cashuuraha, Fred waxa uu ka dhigay mulkiilayaal laba ka mid ah dhismooyinkiisa guri, isaga oo bixinaya midkiiba $13,928 kirada sannad kasta b:Later , 2015, wuxuu ugu hanjabay dugsigiisa sare, kulliyadaha, iyo Guddiga Kulliyadda tallaabo sharci ah haddii ay sii daayaan diiwaankiisa waxbarasho. C:UPenn's 1968 barnaamijka bilawga ah wuxuu ku taxayaa Trump inuu helay shahaadada koowaad ee Sayniska ee Dhaqaalaha oo aan ahayn qaataha Sharafta Tacliinta d:Kadib Trump waxa uu ku dayan doonaa Peale's Awooda Fikirka Toosan ee Farshaxanka Heshiiska e:Doorashada madaxweynahaee Maraykanka waxaa go'aamiya kulliyadda doorashada Gobol kastaa wuxuu magacaabayaa tiro codbixiyeyaal ah oo la mid ah matalaadda Congress-ka iyo (gobollada intooda badan) dhammaan cod-bixiyayaashu waxay u codeeyaan cidda ku guulaysata codbixinta caanka ah ee gobolkooda. f:Madaxweyne Jamhuuri ah oo ay weheliyaan Jamhuuriga gacanta ku haysa labada gole ee Congress-ka g:CBS kama helin wax diiwaan ah oo dambi ah 75% dadka Venezuela ee la xiray. h: 2025, Pew Research waxay ogaatay dad ku nool dalal badan (12 ka mid ah 20 iyo 4 xiriir) waxay u arkeen Shiinaha inuu yahay dhaqaalaha ugu horreeya adduunka. ==Tixraac== [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html "Michael Cohen ayaa sheegay in Trump uu u sheegay in uu ugu hanjabay iskuulada in aysan sii deynin darajooyinka"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/politics/donald-trump-roy-cohn.html "Muxuu Donald Trump Ka Bartay Ninka Gacanta Midig Ee Joseph McCarthy] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo Kharashka Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka: Addenda et Corrigenda] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo sida Burburiyaha Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka] [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/donald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship "Sidee Donald Trump iyo Roy Cohn's arxan la'aanta Symbiosis u beddeshay Ameerika"] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/jun/21/hillary-clinton/yep-donald-trumps-companies-have-declared-bankrupt/ "Haa, shirkadaha Donald Trump waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay kiciyeen...in ka badan afar jeer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html "Trump waxa uu ku hawlanaa qorshayaal cashuureed oo laga shakisan yahay isaga oo ka guranaya maalkii Aabihiis"] [https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel "Taariikhda dabaylaha ah ee mashruucii ugu horeeyey ee hantida maguurtada ah ee Manhattan ee Donald Trump"] {{Wayback|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel |date=20211009191253 }} [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father "Sheekada beenta ah ee Trump wuxuu ku dhisay boqortooyadiisa 'amaah yar' oo uu ka helay aabihiis"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html "Trump, New Yorker inta nool, wuxuu naftiisa ku dhawaaqay inuu yahay degane Florida"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html "Trump's Plaza Hotel Planruptcy Plan waa la ansixiyay"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html "Trump waxa uu ka iibinayaa Hotel Plaza maalgashadayaasha Sucuudiga iyo Aasiya"] [https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-irs-audit-chicago-hotel-taxes "Hanti-dhawrka IRS ee Trump wuxuu ku kacayaa kharash ka badan 100 milyan oo doolar" Madaxweynihii hore] [https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ "Xaqiiqda ku saabsan kor u kaca iyo dhicitaanka Donald Trump ee Boqortooyada Atlantic City"] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ "Markii Afraad ee Soojiidashada: Sida Donald Trump Uga Sameeyey Fasaxa Isaga] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html "Wax kasta oo ku dhacay qoorta Trump? Way dhammaatay. Sidoo kale waa inta badan boqortooyadii ganacsiga ee Trump"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Toban sano oo Casaanka ah: Tirooyinka Canshuurta ee Trump ayaa muujinaya in ka badan $ 1 bilyan oo khasaare ganacsi ah"] [https://cnn.com/2016/08/22/politics/donald-trump-activist-investor/ "Xilligii Gordon Gekko: Donald Trump ee faa'iidada iyo wakhtiga muranka badan ee maal-galiye firfircoon"] [https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think "Waa maxay sababta uu Donald Trump u leeyahay xiddiga caanka ah ee caanka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee? Ma aha sababta aad u maleyneyso "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-donald-trump-retooled-his-charity-to-spend-other-peoples-money/2016/09/10/da8cce64-75df-11e6-8149-b8d05321db62_story.html "Sida Donald Trump uu dib ugu habeeyey hay'addiisa samafalka si uu u isticmaalo lacagta dadka kale"] [https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/18/media/vince-mcmahon-donald-trump-payments/index.html "Baaritaanno lagu sameeyay lacag-bixinnada xannibaadda ee Vince McMahon ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay soo saareen deeqaha samafalka ee Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html "Trump Foundation waxay amartay inay joojiso lacag ururinta xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee NY"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest "Donald Trump si uu u kala diro aasaaskiisa samafalka ka dib markii ay sii kordhayaan cabashooyinka"] [https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 "Madaxweyne Donald Trump waxa uu amray in uu bixiyo $2M si loo ururiyo hay'adaha aan macaash doonka ahayn taas oo qayb ka ah dacwadda madaniga ah"] [https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12 "Taariikhda dheer ee Trump ee Deutsche Bank waxay hadda noqon kartaa xarunta baaritaanka Robert Mueller"] [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christophermassie/theres-hours-of-audio-of-donald-trumps-nationally-syndicated "Waxaa jira saacado maqal ah oo ah Bandhigga Raadiyaha Qaranka ee Donald Trump's Syndicated 2000-meeyadii"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ "Sida warbaahinta muxaafidka ahi ula wareegayso xisbiga Jamhuuriga"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/02/04/trump-resigns-screen-actors-guild/ "Iyadoo uu wajahayo cayrinta, Trump wuxuu iska casilayaa xubinnimada jilayaasha shaashadda: 'Waxba iima aadan sameynin'] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ "Bush wuxuu yidhi Trump wuxuu ahaa Dimuqraadi in ka badan Jamhuuriga" tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay'] [https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/donald-trump-was-once-a-registered-democrat-and-party-donor-why-did-he-jump-ship/wj85mj5yq "Donald Trump mar wuxuu ahaa deeq bixiye dimuqraadi ah iyo xisbi, haddaba muxuu markabka u booday?"] [https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/ "Donald Trump wuxuu u tartamay madaxweyne sannadkii 2000 dhowr xisbi oo dib u habayn ah] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race "Donald Trump wuxuu ku guuldarreystay inuu ka baxo tartanka doorashada madaxtinimada Mareykanka ee 2012"] [https://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489476187/trump-s-second-amendment-comment-fit-a-pattern-of-ambiguous-speech "Khudbada muranka badan dhalisay ee Donald Trump inta badan way socotaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/ "Su'aalaha Trump wuxuu u baahan yahay NATO, wuxuu qeexayaa siyaasadda dibadda ee aan dhexdhexaad ahayn"] [https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ "Donald Trump wuxuu jebiyey taariikhda dhow isagoo aan soo celin canshuur celinta"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Donald Trump Waxa Uu Qiray In Aanu Bixin Cashuuraha Dakhliga Dowladda Dhexe Muddo Sanado Ah"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html "Tiro taariikhi ah oo codbixiyeyaal ah ayaa xumaaday, waxaana intooda badan loo malaynayaa inay u codeeyaan Clinton"] [https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ "Guusha Trump tusaale kale oo ku saabsan sida Kuliyada Doorashada ay u guuleysato ayaa ka weyn codadka dadweynaha"] [https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience "Donald Trump wuxuu noqon doonaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee Maraykanka ee aan lahayn khibrad siyaasadeed iyo mid milatari"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html "Dacwad ku saabsan xadgudubyada Emoluments Trump waxay kasbatay soo jiidashada maxkamadda"] [https://cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/emoluments-supreme-court-donald-trump-case/ "Maxkamadda sare waxay meesha ka saartay kiisas ka dhan ah Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-donation-salary-white-house/2021/07/29/07723234-efd9-11eb-bf80-e3877d9c5f06_story.html "Trump ma raacay ballan qaadkiisii ​​ahaa in uu ku deeqayo 6-dii bilood ee ugu dambeysay mushaarkiisa madaxtinimo? Waa wax qarsoon"] [https://www.citizensforethics.org/reports-investigations/crew-reports/trump-likely-benefited-from-13-6-million-in-payments-from-foreign-governments-during-his-presidency "Trump waxay u badan tahay inuu ka faa'iidey $13.6 milyan oo ay bixiyeen dowlado shisheeye intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/08/trump-jobs-record/ "Trump wuxuu lahaan doonaa rikoodhkii ugu xumaa ee shaqooyinka taariikhda casriga ah ee Maraykanka. Kaliya maaha masiibada"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html "Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka 2017-kii inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Moscow ee doorashada Mareykanka"] [https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ "Xidhiidh badan oo badan, badan, badan, xiriir badan ayuu Donald Trump la leeyahay Ruushka"] {{Wayback|url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |date=20170228022233 }} [https://www.9news.com.au/world/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-investigation-started-with-alexander-downer-interview/16121e23-bdfc-4f32-9822-e4a7f841e3e4 "Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah: Baadhitaanka Trump ee Ruushka ayaa ka bilaabmay waraysiga Alexander Downer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/us/politics/trump-russia-justice-department.html "Xafiiska Cadaaladda. Weligaa si buuxda uma baarin xiriirka Trump ee Ruushka, saraakiishii hore ayaa yiri "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/30/trump-briefly-acknowledges-that-russia-aided-his-election-falsely-says-he-didnt-help-effort/ "Trump wuxuu si kooban u qirayaa in Ruushku gacan ka geystay doorashadiisa - wuxuuna si been abuur ah u sheegay inuusan gacan ka geysan dadaalka"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/328637/last-trump-job-approval-average-record-low.aspx "Oggolaanshaha shaqada ee Trump ee u dambeeyay 34%; Celceliska waa Rikoor-hoosee 41%"] [https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ "Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee la doortay ee Maraykanka oo aan loo magacaabin ninka loogu jecel yahay Maraykanka sannadkiisii ​​ugu horeeyay"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/655955/trump-inaugural-approval-rating-historically-low-again.aspx "Qiimaynta Ansixinta Daahfurka ee Trump waa mid taariikhiyan mar kale hooseysa"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/11/opinion-of-us-has-worsened-in-countries-around-world-in-last-year-survey-shows "Fikirka Mareykanka ayaa ka sii daray dalalka adduunka sannadkii hore, sahan ayaa muujinaya"] [https://www.c-span.org/presidentsurvey2021/ "Sahaminta Taariikhyahanada Madaxweynaha 2021"b] [https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/trump-cspan-president-ranking-497184 "Trump wuxuu ku soo baxay kaalinta 41-aad ee qiimeynta madaxtinimo ee C-SPAN"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/06/30/presidential-rankings-2021-cspan-historians/ "Taariikhyahanadu waxay kaliya doorteen madaxweynayaasha. Trump ma ahayn kii ugu dambeeyay"] [https://scri.siena.edu/2022/06/22/american-presidents-greatest-and-worst/ "Madaxweynayaasha Mareykanka: kan ugu weyn uguna xun"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/19/opinion/how-does-trump-stack-up-against-the-best-and-worst-presidents.html "Fikirka: Sidee buu Trump uga soo horjeedaa kuwa ugu fiican - iyo kan ugu xun - madaxweynayaasha?"] [https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1232447088/historians-presidents-survey-trump-last-biden-14th "Sahanka maalinta madaxweynayaasha taariikhyahanada, Biden vs. Trump maaha wicitaan dhow"]{{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] e6qe8tcwegn4vv7mq8s0bhs9a487cwl 299712 299711 2026-06-27T09:12:08Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Himilooyinka siyaasadeed ee hore */ 299712 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald John Trump''' (wuxuu dhashay [[Juun]] [[14]], 1946) waa siyaasi [[Mareykan]] ah, shaqsi warbaahin ah, iyo ganacsade ah madaxweynaha 47-aad ee Mareykanka . Xubin ka tirsan Xisbiga Jamhuuriga , wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynihii [[45]]-aad ee [[2017]] ilaa 2021. {{Infobox officeholder | image = Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. THIS IS the new official portrait. See the talk page. --> | alt = Sawirka rasmiga ah ee Madaxweynaha 2025, Donald Trump, oo ah nin caddaan ah oo da’ ah, timo huruud khafiif ah leh, xirta surwaal iyo jaakad buluug ah oo leh surwaal laabta ah, taagan hortiisa calanka Maraykanka. | caption = Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2025. | order = 45aad & 47aad <!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] Waxay lahayd isfaham daciif ah oo lagu sii hayo xaaladda hadda jirta (ma jiro xiriir/ilaha lagu tixraaco).--> | office = Madaxweynaha Maraykanka | vicepresident = [[JD Vance]] | term_start = January 20, 2025 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Joe Biden]] | successor = | vicepresident1 = [[Mike Pence]] | term_start1 = January 20, 2017 | term_end1 = January 20, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Barack Obama]] | successor1 = Joe Biden | birth_name = Donald John Trump | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}} | birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]], U.S. | death_place = | party = [[Xisbiga Jamhuuriga (Mareykanka)|Jamhuuriyaan]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–Hadda) | otherparty = {{ubl | [[Xisbiga Dib-u-habaynta ee Mareykanka|Dib-u-habayn]] (1999–2001) | [[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga (Mareykanka)|Dimuqraadiga]] (2001–2009) | [[Siyaasi madax banaan|Madax banaan]] (2011–2012)}} | spouse = {{ubl | {{marriage|[[Ivana Trump|Ivana Zelníčková]]|1977|1990|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|1993|1999|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]]|2005}} }} | children = {{hlist | [[Donald Trump Jr. |Donald Jr.]] | [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] | [[Eric Trump|Eric]] | [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] | Barron }} | parents = {{ubl | [[Fred Trump]] | [[Mary Anne MacLeod]]}} | relatives = [[Qoyska Trump]] | education = [[Jaamacadda Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Shahaadada Sayniska|BS]]) | occupation = {{hlist | Siyaasi | Ganacsade | Shaqsiga warbaahinta }} | residence = [[Aqalka Cad]] | awards = | signature = Donald Trump (Presidential signature).svg | signature_alt = Saxeexa Donald J. Trump oo qaab farshaxan leh, lagu qoray khad. | website = {{ubl | {{URL|donaldjtrump.com|Campaign website}} | {{URL|trumplibrary.gov|Presidential library}} | {{URL|whitehouse.gov|White House website}} | {{URL|trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov|White House archives}} }} | module = {{Listen voice | filename = Donald Trump speaks on declaration of Covid-19 as a Global Pandemic by the World Health Organization.ogg | description = Trump oo ka hadlay bayaanka [[Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka|Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka]] [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 oo ah cudur faafa caalami ah]] | recorded = Maarso 11, 2020 }} }} Waxa uu ka dhashay qoys qani ah oo ku nool magaalada New York, Trump waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay jaamacadda Pennsylvania [[1968]]-dii isaga oo shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaatay cilmiga dhaqaalaha. Waxa uu noqday madaxweynaha ganacsiga hantida ma-guurtada ah ee qoyskiisa 1971-kii, waxa uu u bixiyay ururka Trump , waxa uuna bilaabay in uu helo oo dhiso dhismayaal dhaadheer, hoteello, casinos, iyo koorsooyin golf. Waxa uu bilaabay ganacsiyo dhinac ah, qaar badan oo shati siinaya magaca Trump, waxana uu xareeyay lix shil oo ganacsi 1990-meeyadii iyo 2000-meeyadii. Laga soo bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2015, wuxuu martigeliyay bandhigga telefishanka dhabta ah ee Tababbarka , isagoo xoojiyay caannimadiisa bilyaneer. Isaga oo isu soo bandhigaya siyaasad dibadda ka ah, Trump ayaa ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016-kii oo uu kula tartamay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary klinton . Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu soo rogay xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah toddobo waddan oo Muslimiin u badan, wuxuu ballaariyay darbiga xuduudka Mexico iyo Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaqan geliyey siyaasadda kala fogeynta qoyska ee xadka. Waxa uu dib u rogay xeerarkii deegaanka iyo ganacsiga, waxa uu saxeexay cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada , waxaanu magacaabay saddex garsoore oo Maxkamadda Sare ah. Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, Trump wuxuu ka saaray Mareykanka heshiisyada cimilada, ganacsiga iyo barnaamijka Nukliyeerka Iran, wuxuuna bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo uu la galo Shiinaha . Isaga oo ka jawaabaya masiibada COVID-19 laga soo bilaabo 2020, wuxuu hoos u dhigay darnaantiisa, wuxuu khilaafay saraakiisha caafimaadka, wuxuuna saxiixay Sharciga CARES . Ka dib markii uu lumiyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2020 ee Joe Biden , Trump wuxuu isku dayay inuu baabi'iyo natiijada , isagoo ku dhamaaday weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol 2021. Waxaa lagu riday 2019 ku takrifal awood iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka, iyo 2021 kicin kicin; guurtidu way ku wayday labada jeerba. 2023, Trump waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay kiisaska madaniga ah ee xadgudubka galmada ( Faylasha Epstein )iyo sumcad-dilista iyo khiyaanada ganacsiga . Waxaa lagu helay dambi ah inuu ka been abuuray diiwaannada ganacsiga 2024, taasoo ka dhigtay inuu noqdo madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Mareykan ah oo lagu helo dambi. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2024 ee Kamala Harris , waxaa lagu xukumay siidayn ciqaab la'aan ah , iyo laba eedeymo dambiile ah oo ka dhan ah haynta dukumentiyada sirta ah iyo carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 ayaa la eryay iyada oo aan eex lahayn. Kiis rafaad ah oo la xidhiidha doorashada 2020 ee Joorjiya waa la sugayaa. Trump wuxuu bilaabay madaxweynanimadiisii ​​labaad isagoo bilaabay shaqo ka cayrin ballaaran oo lagu sameeyay shaqaalaha federaalka . Wuxuu ku soo rogay canshuuraha ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan wadamada heerka ugu sarreeya tan iyo diiqada weyn wuxuuna saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Tallaabooyinka maamulkiisa - oo ay ku jiraan cabsi gelinta mucaaradka siyaasadeed iyo bulshada rayidka ah , masaafurinta soogalootiga, beegsiga dadka jinsiga ah, iyo isticmaalka ballaaran ee amarada fulinta - waxay soo saareen in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo ka soo horjeeda sharcinimadooda . Kiisaska caanka ah waxay hoosta ka xariiqeen tafsiirkiisa ballaadhan ee aragtida fulinta ee midaysan waxayna keentay khilaaf weyn oo lala galo maxkamadaha federaalka. Garsoorayaasha ayaa wax badan oo ka mid ah maamulkiisa ku tilmaamay kuwo sharci darro ah, waxaana dhowr jeer lagu tilmaamay kuwo aan sharciga waafaqsanayn. Laga soo bilaabo 2015, qaabka hoggaamineed ee Trump iyo ajandihiisa siyaasadeed - oo inta badan loo yaqaan Trumpism - ayaa wax ka beddelay aqoonsiga xisbiga Jamhuuriga. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinkiisa iyo ficilladiisa ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsuri ama caqli-xumo, wuxuuna sameeyay hadallo been abuur ah ama marin-habaabin ah wuxuuna kor u qaaday aragtiyaha shirqoolka heer aan horay looga baran siyaasadda Mareykanka. Tallaabooyinka Trump, gaar ahaan markiisa labaad, ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay ahaayeen kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geystay dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ka dib, aqoonyahanno iyo taariikhyahannadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen inuu yahay mid ka mid ah madaxweynayaashii ugu xumaa taariikhda Mareykanka Eedayno badana Waxa Loogu Soo jeediyay Dagaalkii Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan Iyo Difaaciisi Israa'iil iyo Carabta Bariga dhexe . ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== [[File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg|thumb|Akadeemiyada Militariga ee New York , 1964]] Donald John Trump waxa uu ku dhashay June 14, 1946, waxa uu ku dhashay cisbitaalka Jamaica ee ku yaala degmada New York ee degmada Queens , waana ilmihii afraad ee Fred Trump iyo Mary Anne MacLeod Trump . Waa Jarmal iyo Iskotish. Wuxuu ku koray walaalihiis ka weyn, Maryanne , Fred Jr. , iyo Elizabeth, iyo walaalkiis ka yar, Robert , oo ku yaal guri 23-qol ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Jamaica Estates ee Queens. Fred Trump wuxuu caruurtiisa siin jiray midkiiba $20,000 sanadkii, una dhiganta $265,000 sanadkii 2024. Trump wuxuu ahaa milyaneer doolarka sicir-bararka lagu hagaajiyay markuu siddeed jir ahaa. Trump wuxuu dhiganayay dugsiga gaarka loo leeyahay ee Kew-Forest ilaa fasalka toddobaad. Wuxuu ahaa ilmo dhib badan, wuxuuna muujiyay xiisaha hore ee ganacsiga aabihiis. Aabihii waxa uu ka diwaan galiyay New York Military Academy , dugsi boodhin ah oo gaar loo leeyahay, si uu u dhamaysto dugsiga sare. Akadeemiyadda ayaa ku riixday ardayda ciyaaraha isboortiga. waxayna bareen muhiimada guusha. Dugsigii sare, darajooyinkiisu way fiicnaadeen ilaa celceliska B. Trump wuxuu tixgeliyey xirfad ganacsi oo muujinaya, laakiin halkii, si uu ugu dhawaado guriga, wuxuu iska diiwaan geliyay Jaamacadda Fordham 1964. Waxa uu ka qaybqaatay barnaamijka Tababarka Saraakiisha Kaydka ah intii lagu jiray sannadkiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, isagoo dhiganayay fasallo ku labisan dharka ciidamada Arbacada kasta, laakiin wuxuu tuuray sannadkiisii ​​labaad. Wuxuu tuuray kubbadda cagta seddex ama afar usbuuc ka dib wuxuuna ahaa kubbadda cagta dhexdhexaad ah iyo ciyaartoy tennis ah. Asxaabtiisa Fordham waxay ku bareen golf. Sannadkiisii ​​yaraa, wuxuu u wareegay Dugsiga Wharton ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania , inta badan wuxuu u safri jiray xafiiska aabbihiis maalmaha fasaxa ah, wuxuuna ka qalin jabiyay Maajo 1968 oo uu ka qaatay shahaadada Sayniska ee dhaqaalaha. Kulliyadda ma ahayn ardaygii ugu sarreeyay ee uu mararka qaarkood sheegan jiray. Waqtigii uu aaday Wharton-halkaas oo uusan ka muuqan liiska kuwa hela abaalmarinta - wuxuu isha ku hayay xirfad ku taal hantida maguurtada ah. Waxa laga reebay qabyo-qoraalka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Vietnam sababtoo ah sheegashada lafaha cidhibtiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee shan sano oo uu ku jiray dugsiga milatariga, wax dan ah uma lahayn inuu dagaal galo. Koritaanka, wuxuu tixgeliyey aabbihiis iyo wadaadka qoyska, Norman Vincent Peale , inuu noqdo lataliyeyaashiisa. Aabihiis wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu yahay "boqor" iyo inuu yahay "dilaaye". Peale wuxuu ku wacdiyey isku kalsoonida sida dhiirigelinta barwaaqada. ==Xirfad ganacsi== ===Hanti ma guurto ah=== Laga bilaabo 1968, Trump waxa uu ka shaqaaleysiiyay Maareynta Trump, shirkadda aabbihiis ee hantida maguurtada ah, taas oo maamusha dhismayaasha dabaqyada dhexe ee Fred uu ka dhisay Queens , Staten Island , iyo Brooklyn . Hawlihiisa ugu muhiimsan waxay ahaayeen ururinta kirada iyo hagaajinta ilaa shan sano. Isagoo soo jiidasho leh iyo qaninimadiisa, Trump wuxuu ka codsaday aabihiis inuu ku ballaariyo Manhattan halkaas oo qiimihiisu sarreeyo, laakiin aabihiis ayaa ku qanacsanaa xaafadaha dibadda. 1971, wuxuu u guuray Manhattan halkaas oo uu qorsheeyay inuu u guuro ganacsiga wuxuuna u socdaalay xafiiska aabihiis. Sannadkaas, aabihiis wuxuu naftiisa ka dhigay guddoomiye iyo madaxweyne Trump, isaga oo kormeeraya 48 shirkadood oo gaar ah iyo 15 iskaashiga qoyska. Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ururka Trump u isticmaalo dalad ahaan magacyada shirkadaha ganacsi ee aabihiis. Roy Cohn , saamaynta hore ee Trump ee ugu muhiimsan aabihiis ka dib, wuxuu ahaa hagaajintiisa , qareenka, iyo lataliye. sannadihii 13 ee 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii. Cohn wuxuu baray Trump inuu u maleeyo in noloshu tahay macaamil ganacsi. 1973, Cohn wuxuu ka caawiyay Trump inuu ka soo horjeesto dawladda Mareykanka $ 100 milyan (oo u dhiganta $ 708 milyan 2024. eedeymaha ah in guryaha Trump ay takooreen codsadeyaasha madow iyo kireystayaasha. Eedihii Trump waa la laalay, waxaana kiiskii dawladda lagu dhameeyey Trumps oo saxeexay amar oggolaansho oo oggolaaday in meesha laga saaro. Afar sano ka dib, Trumps ayaa mar kale wajahay maxkamadaha markii lagu helay inay diidaan wareegtada. Caawinta mashaariicda Trump, Cohn wuxuu ahaa consigliere kaas oo isku xirka Mafia ay gacanta ku hayaan ururrada dhismaha. Sannadkii 1979-kii, Cohn wuxuu Trump u soo bandhigay la-taliyaha siyaasadda Roger Stone , kaasoo qoray adeegyada Stone si uu ula macaamilo dowladda federaalka. Trump waxa uu ka guuray istuudiyaha isaga oo u guuray guri guri leh oo aragti ah waxa uuna helay shatiga dilaalnimada guryaha bartamihii 1970-meeyadii. Kahor da'da soddon sano, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaankiisa dacwadda, iyada oo aan loo eegin natiijada iyo kharashka; xitaa markii laga badiyay, wuxuu kiiska ku tilmaamay guul. In ka badan soddon sano laga soo bilaabo 2018, Trump wuxuu ku lug lahaa in ka badan 4,000 oo dacwado ah, deymo, iyo faylalyo kale, oo inta badan loo xareeyay lacag la'aan isaga oo ka soo horjeeda shaqaalaha, qandaraaslayaasha, dilaaliinta guryaha, iyo qareenadiisa. Intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009 , Trump wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix ka mid ah ganacsigiisa: Plaza Hotel ee Manhattan, casinos ee Atlantic City, New Jersey , iyo Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts company. Sannadkii 1992, Trump, walaalihiis Maryanne, Elizabeth, iyo Robert, iyo ina-adeerkiis John W. Walter waxay samaysteen All County Building Supply & Maintenance Corp, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay 20 boqolkiiba. Shirkaddu ma lahayn xafiisyo waxaana lagu eedeeyay inay ahayd shirkad qolof ah oo bixisa bixinta adeegyada iyo saadka guryaha kiraynta Trump, ka dibna biilasha adeegyadaas iyo sahayda Maamulka Trump u dhigma 20-50 boqolkiiba iyo ka badan. Milkiilayaasha ayaa wadaagay dakhliga ka soo xarooday calaamaduhu. Kharashka la kordhiyey waxa loo isticmaalay in lagu helo ogolaanshaha gobolka ee kordhinta kirada unugyadiisa kirada-degan. Bishii Janaayo 1994, walaalaha waxay samaysteen Apartment Management Associates waxayna la wareegeen khidmadaha maaraynta ee ay hore u qaadi jirtay Maamulka Trump. Sidoo kale sicir-bararka kirada, qorshayaasha ayaa u adeegay in lagu wareejiyo hantida Fred Trump caruurtiisa iyo adeerka oo hoos loo dhigo culeyska canshuurta. ===Manhattan iyo Chicago horumarka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_with_model_of_Television_City.jpg|thumb|1985-kii oo wata moodal ka mid ah mashruuciisii ​​horumarinta Manhattan ee la soo riday ]] Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha dadweynaha 1978-dii markii uu bilaabay qoyskisa ganacsigii ugu horreeyay ee Manhattan: dib u cusboonaysiinta hudheelka Commodore ee burburay , oo ku dheggan Grand Central Terminal. Maalgelinta waxa fududeeyey $400 milyan oo cashuur dhimis ah oo hantida magaalada ah oo uu u habeeyey isaga oo uu aabbihiis u habeeyey kaas oo sidoo kale, si wada jir ah ula Hyatt , u dammaanad qaaday $70 milyan amaah dhismaha bangiga ah. Hudheelka ayaa dib loo furay 1980-kii isagoo ah Grand Hyatt Hotel , isla sanadkaas, wuxuu helay xuquuq uu ku horumarinayo Trump Tower , oo ah dhismo isku dhafan oo ku yaal Midtown Manhattan. Dhismuhu wuxuu ku yaalaa xarunta dhexe ee Trump Corporation iyo Trump's PAC wuxuuna ahaa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ilaa 2019. 1988, Trump wuxuu ku iibsaday Plaza Hotel isagoo dayn ka helay shirkado ay leeyihiin 16 bangi. Hudheelka ayaa loo gudbiyay ilaalinta musalsalka 1992, waxaana la ansixiyay qorshe dib-u-habayn bil ka dib, iyadoo bangiyada ay la wareegayaan hantida. Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu iska diiday in ka badan $3 bilyan oo deymo bangi ah, amaah-bixiyayaashuna waxay la wareegeen Hotel Plaza oo ay la socdaan badi hantidiisa kale "dib u habeyn ballaaran oo bahdilaad ah" taasoo u ogolaatay inuu ka fogaado khasaare shakhsi ah. Qareenka hogaanka bangiga ayaa sheegay go'aanka bangiyada in "dhammaan waxay isku raaceen in uu ka nolol fiicnaan lahaa dhimashada". Sannadkii 1996-kii, Trump waxa uu la wareegay oo dib u habayn ku sameeyay dhisme 71 dabaq ah oo inta badan bannaanaa oo ku yaalla 40 Wall Street , oo markii dambe loo beddelay Dhismaha Trump. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, wuxuu ku guuleystay xaqa uu u leeyahay inuu horumariyo dhul 70-acre (28 ha) ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Lincoln Square ee u dhow webiga Hudson. Isagoo ku dhibtoonaya deynta ganacsiyada kale ee 1994, wuxuu ka iibiyay inta badan danihiisa mashruuca maalgashadayaasha Aasiya, kuwaas oo maalgeliyay dhamaystirka mashruuca, Riverside South . Mashruucii ugu dambeeyay ee Trump ee dhismaha wuxuu ahaa 92-dabaq ee isku dhafan ee isticmaalka Trump International Hotel iyo Tower ee Chicago, kaas oo la furay 2008. 2024, The New York Times iyo ProPublica ayaa sheegay in Adeegga Dakhliga Gudaha uu baarayay haddii uu laba jeer qoray khasaaraha soo gaaray iyada oo loo marayo kharashka dhismaha iyo iibinta iibinta guryaha yar ee dib u celinta 8. ===casinos Atlantic magaalada=== [[File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg|thumb|Galitaanka Trump Taj Mahal ee Atlantic magaalada]] 1984, Trump wuxuu Harrah ka furay Trump Plaza , hudheel iyo casino, iyada oo maalgelin iyo caawimo maamul ay ka heshay Shirkadda Holiday . Waxay ahayd mid aan faa'iido lahayn, wuxuuna bixiyay Holiday $ 70 milyan bishii Maajo 1986 si uu keligiis u maamulo.  Sannadkii 1985-kii, waxa uu iibsaday hudheelka Atlantic City Hilton oo aan la furin oo uu u beddelay qalcadda Trump . Labada casinos waxay xareeyeen cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta 1992.  Trump wuxuu iibsaday goobta saddexaad ee Atlantic City 1988, Trump Taj Mahal . Waxaa lagu maalgeliyay $675 milyan oo doollar oo junk bonds ah waxaana lagu dhammeeyey $1.1 bilyan, oo la furay Abriil 1990. Waxa uu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta ee 1991. Sida ku cad qodobbada heshiiska dib-u-qaabaynta, waxa uu ka tanaasulay kala badh saamigiisii ​​hore oo shakhsi ahaan dammaanad qaaday waxqabadka mustaqbalka. Si uu u dhimo $900 milyan ee daynta gaarka ah, waxa uu iibiyay diyaaradda Trump Shuttle ; megayacht, Princess Trump , kaas oo laga kireeyay casinoskiisa oo lagu hayo; iyo ganacsiyo kale.  Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), kaas oo qaatay lahaanshaha Trump Plaza.  THCR waxa ay iibsatay Taj Mahal iyo Qasriga Trump 1996 waxana uu kacay 2004 iyo 2009, isaga oo ka tagay lahaanshaha boqolkiiba 10. Waxa uu ahaa guddoomiyaha ilaa 2009. ===Naadiyada Golf-ka=== Sanadkii 1985, Trump wuxuu la wareegay dhismaha Mar-a-Lago ee Palm Beach, Florida. Sannadkii 1995-kii, wuxuu u beddelay hantidii koox gaar ah oo leh lacag bilaw ah iyo kharashyo sannadle ah. Wuxuu sii waday inuu u isticmaalo baalka guriga sidii guri gaar ah. Waxa uu ku dhawaaqay naadigiisa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ee 2019. Waxa uu bilaabay dhisidda iyo iibsiga koorsooyinka golf- ka 1999-kii, isaga oo haysta 17 koorso golf ah 2016. ===Shati siinta magaca Trump=== Ururka Trump wuxuu inta badan shati u siiyay magaca Trump ee badeecadaha iyo adeegyada macaamiisha, oo ay ku jiraan cuntooyinka, dharka, koorasyada waxbarashada, iyo alaabta guriga. In ka badan 50 heshiisyada shatiga ama maamulka ayaa ku lug lahaa magaca Trump, isaga oo u soo saaray ugu yaraan $59 milyan shirkadihiisa. Sannadkii 2018, kaliya laba shirkadood oo alaabta macaamiisha ah ayaa sii waday inay sii wataan shatiga magaciisa. Intii lagu jiray 2000-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu magaciisa shati u siiyay horumarinta guryaha la dego ee adduunka oo dhan, 40 kuwaas oo aan waligood la dhisin. ===Dhaqdhaqaaqyada dhinaca=== [[File:Donald_Trump_and_Doug_Flutie_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Trump_Tower.jpg|thumb|1985 New Jersey Generals shir jaraa'id ee Trump Tower]] Sannadkii 1970-kii, Trump waxa uu galiyay $70,000 oo hantida aabbihiis ah si uu u helo biilasha isaga oo ka mid ah soo saaraha majaajilada Broadway-waxana uu lumiyay lacagtii. Ka dib markii uu u sameeyay dalabyo kubbadda hoose ee New York Mets iyo kooxihii Cleveland Indians baseball, 1983 ilaa $6 milyan, wuxuu iibsaday New Jersey Generals , koox ka tirsan Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Mareykanka . Horyaalka ayaa isku laabmay ka dib xilli ciyaareedkii 1985, oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku daygiisa inuu u guuro jadwalka dayrta (marka ay la tartami lahayd Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Qaranka ee dhagaystayaasha) iyo isku daygiisii ​​ahaa inuu ku qasbo ku biirista NFL isagoo keenaya suudh liddi ku ah. Trump iyo Hotelkiisa Plaza waxa ay marti galiyeen dhowr ciyaarood oo feerka ah hoolka shirarka ee Atlantic City Convention Hall . 1989 iyo 1990, wuxuu magaciisa ku siiyay tartanka tartanka baaskiilka ee Tour de Trump , isku dayga uu ku abuurayo Maraykan u dhigma jinsiyadaha Yurub sida Tour de France ama Giro d'Italia . Laga soo bilaabo 1986 ilaa 1988, wuxuu iibsaday qaybo badan oo saamiyo ah shirkado kala duwan oo dawladeed isagoo soo jeediyay inuu damacsan yahay inuu la wareego shirkadda kadibna uu iibiyo saamigiisa faa'iido, taasoo keentay in dadka indha indheeya ay u maleynayaan inuu ku hawlan yahay ganacsiga cagaaran .waqtiga New York waxay ogaatay in uu markii hore malaayiin doolar ku sameeyay macaamil ganacsi oo noocaas ah, laakiin "luminaya inta badan, haddii aysan ahayn dhammaan, faa'iidooyinkaas ka dib markii maalgashadayaasha ay joojiyeen in ay si dhab ah u qaataan hadalkiisa". [[File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG|thumb|Xiddiga Trump ee Socodka caanka ah ee Hollywood]] 1988, Trump waxa uu iibsaday Shuttle-ka Diyaaradaha ee Bari , isaga oo ku maal-geliyay iibsiga $380 milyan (oo u dhiganta $1.01 bilyan ee 2024 oo amaah ah oo ka socota bangiyada 22. Waxa uu u beddelay shirkadda duulimaadka ee Trump Shuttle waxana uu ku shaqaynayey ilaa 1992. Waxa uu diiday deymihiisii ​​1991-kii, lahaanshahana waxa uu u gudbay bangiyada. 1996-kii, wuxuu soo iibsaday Miss Universe pageants, oo ay ku jiraan Miss USA iyo Miss Teen USA . Sababtoo ah khilaafyada CBS ee ku saabsan jadwalka, wuxuu u qaaday labada bog ee NBC ee 2002. 2007, wuxuu helay xiddig ku socda Hollywood Walk of Fame shaqadiisa soo saaraha Miss Universe. NBC iyo Univision waxay hoos u dhigeen boggaga bishii Juun 2015 iyaga oo ka falcelinaya faallooyinkiisa ku saabsan soogalootiga Mexico. Sannadkii 2005, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Jaamacadda Trump , oo ah shirkad iibisa siminaarada guryaha ilaa $35,000. Ka dib markii maamulka Gobolka New York ay ku wargaliyeen shirkadda in isticmaalkeeda "jaamacad" ay jabisay sharciga gobolka (maadaama aysan ahayn machad akadeemiyadeed), magaceeda waxaa loo beddelay Trump Entrepreneur Initiative 2010. Sannadkii 2013, Gobolka New York wuxuu gudbiyay $ 40 milyan dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Jaamacadda Trump, isagoo ku eedeeyay in shirkadu ay samaysay hadallo been abuur ah oo ay khiyaanaysay macaamiisha. Intaa waxaa dheer, laba tallaabo oo heer caalami ah ayaa laga gudbiyay maxkamad federaali ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyo shirkadihiisa. Dukumiintiyo gudaha ah ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in shaqaalaha lagu amray inay adeegsadaan qaab si adag loo iibiyo, waxaana shaqaalihii hore ay caddeeyeen in jaamacadda Trump ay khiyaameysay ama been u sheegtay ardaydeeda. Wax yar ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016, wuxuu ogolaaday inuu bixiyo wadarta $ 25 milyan si loo xalliyo saddexda kiis. ===Aasaaska=== Donald J. Trump Foundation wuxuu ahaa aasaaska gaarka ah ee la aasaasay 1988. Laga soo bilaabo 1987 ilaa 2006, Trump wuxuu siiyay aasaaskiisa $ 5.4 milyan, taas oo ku baxday dhammaadkii 2006 . Vince McMahon . Aasaaska ayaa la siiyay samafalka caafimaadka- iyo isboortiga la xiriira, kooxaha muxaafidka ah, iyo samafal oo qabtay munaasabadaha guryaha Trump. Sannadkii 2016, The Washington Post ayaa sheegtay in hay'ad samafal ahi ay geysatay dhowr xadgudubyo xagga sharciga iyo anshaxa ah, oo ay ku jiraan is-wax-ka-qabasho iyo canshuur lunsi . Sidoo kale 2016, xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York ayaa sheegay in aasaaska uu ku xad-gudbay sharciga gobolka iyadoo la codsanayo deeqaha iyada oo aan la soo gudbin xisaab-celinta dibadda ee sannadlaha ah ee loo baahan yahay oo uu ku amray inay joojiso hawlaheeda lacag-ururinta ee New York isla markiiba. Kooxda Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay December 2016 in aasaaska la burburin doono. Bishii Juun 2018, xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York wuxuu gudbiyay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah aasaaska, Trump, iyo caruurtiisa qaangaarka, iyagoo raadinaya $2.8 milyan oo magdhow ah iyo ganaaxyo dheeraad ah. Bishii Diseembar 2018, aasaaska shaqada wuu joojiyay oo wuxuu u qaybiyay hantidiisa hay'ado kale oo samafal ah. ]Bishii Noofambar 2019, garsooraha gobolka New York ayaa ku amray Trump inuu bixiyo $2 milyan oo doolar koox samafal ah oo si khaldan u isticmaalay lacagaha mu'asasada, qayb ahaan si loo maalgeliyo ololihiisa madaxtinimo. ===Arrimaha sharciga iyo kacsiga=== Marka loo eego dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyay faylalka maxkamadda gobolka iyo federaalka oo ay samaysay USA Today sanadkii 2018, Trump iyo ganacsigiisu waxay ku lug lahaayeen in ka badan 4,000 oo tallaabo sharci oo heer gobol iyo federaal ah. Inkastoo uusan u xarayn kicinta shakhsi ahaaneed , ganacsigiisa hudheelka iyo casinos ee Atlantic City iyo New York wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix jeer intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009. Waxay sii wadeen inay shaqeeyaan halka bangiyada ay dib u habeyn ku sameeyeen deynta waxayna yareeyeen saamiyadiisa guryaha. Intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii, in ka badan 70 bangi ayaa Trump amaahiyay $4 bilyan. Ka dib markii uu kacday shirkaddiisa horraantii 1990-meeyadii, bangiyada ugu waaweyn, marka laga reebo Deutsche Bank , waxay diideen inay amaahiyaan isaga. Ka dib weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol , bangigu wuxuu go'aansaday inuusan ganacsi la samayn isaga ama shirkadiisa xiriirka la leh mustaqbalka. ===Maalka=== [[File:State Visit of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia State Dinner Receiving Line with Ivana Trump and Donald Trump in East Room - DPLA - 1a44d05819eab8ba3dcf7a6883ad92ba.jpg|thumb|Trump (midigta midig) iyo xaaskiisa Ivana oo 1985-kii casho sharaf dawladeed u sameeyey [[Boqor]] Fahad ee [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo ay la yeesheen Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan iyo Marwada Koowaad ee Nancy Reagan]] Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu shaqadiisa ku bilaabay “amaah yar oo hal milyan oo dollar ah” oo uu aabihii ka helay oo ay ahayd in uu dib ugu bixiyo ribo. Waxa uu ka amaahday ugu yaraan $60 milyan aabbihii, inta badan ma bixin deymihii, oo waxa uu ka helay $413 milyan oo kale (2018 u dhiganta, oo loo habeeyey sicir bararka) shirkadda aabihiis.  Isaga oo iska dhigaya sarkaal ka tirsan Ururka Trump oo lagu magacaabo " John Barron ", Trump wuxuu wacay saxafiga Jonathan Greenberg [[1984]], isagoo isku dayaya inuu darajo sare ka helo liiska Forbes 400 ee hodanka Mareykanka. Trump wuxuu iskiis u sheegay qiimihiisa saafiga ah: laga jaray $900 milyan 1990  ilaa $10 bilyan 2015. Sannadkii 2015, Forbes wuxuu ku qiyaasay hantidiisa $4.5 bilyan, iyadoo lagu salaynayo waraysiyo lala yeeshay in ka badan 80 ilo. Sannadkii 2025, majaladda ayaa ku qiyaastay hantidiisa $5.1 bilyan waxayna ku qiimeysay qofka 700-aad ee ugu qanisan adduunka. ==Xirfadda warbaahinta== Trump waxa uu daabacay 19 buug oo magaciisa ku qoran, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay qoreen ama ay qoreen kuwa wax qora . Buugiisi ugu horeeyay, The Art of the Deal (1987), waxa uu ahaa New York Times iibiyaha ugu fiican , waxaana lagu tiriyaa New Yorker in uu Trump ka dhigay mid caan ku ah "astaanta maalqabeenada guulaystay". Buugga waxaa qoray Tony Schwartz , kaas oo loo aqoonsan yahay qoraaga. Trump wuxuu lahaa muuqaalo filimaan badan iyo bandhigyo telefishan laga soo bilaabo 1985 ilaa 2001 . Wuxuu si goos-goos ah ugu soo muuqday shirkadda legdinta ee WWE laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii oo ay ku jiraan WrestleMania 23 ee 2007. Laga bilaabo 1990-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu u muuqday 24 jeer isagoo marti ku ah bandhigga Howard Stern Show ee qaranka . Waxa uu lahaa barnaamij sheeko gaaban oo raadiyaha ah, Trumped! , laga bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2008. Laga soo bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2015, wuxuu ahaa faallooyinka martida ee Fox & Friends . Sannadkii 2021, Trump, oo xubin ka ahaa tan iyo 1989, wuu iska casilay SAG-AFTRA si uu uga fogaado dhageysiga edbinta ee ku saabsan weerarkii Janaayo 6. Laba maalmood ka dib, ururka shaqaalaha ayaa si joogto ah u diiday isaga. ===Tababbarka iyo Xirfadlaha caanka ah=== Soo saaraha Mark Burnett ayaa Trump ka dhigay xiddig telefishan ah markii uu abuuray The Apprentice , kaas oo Trump uu martigeliyay 2004 ilaa 2015 (oo ay ku jiraan kala duwanaanshaha The Celebrity Apprentice ). Bandhigyada, waxa uu ahaa madaxa fulinta sare oo meesha ka saaray tartamayaasha odhaahda " waad cayrisay". The New York Times ayaa ugu yeedhay sawirkiisa "mid aad u faanaysi badan, oo aad u khayaali ah" naftiisa. Bandhigyadu waxay dib u dhigeen sawirka Trump malaayiin daawadayaal ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. Heshiisyada shatiga ee la xidhiidha, waxay kasbadeen in ka badan $400 milyan. ==Himilooyinka siyaasadeed ee hore== Trump wuxuu ka diiwaan gashan yahay Jamhuuriya ahaan Queens 1969 iyo Manhattan 1987; xubin ka mid ah Xisbiga Madaxbanaanida , gobolka New York ee xisbiga Reform Party , 1999; Dimuqraadiyiintii 2001 ; Jamhuuriyaddii 2009; aan xiriir la lahayn 2011; iyo Jamhuuriya 2012 [[File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor.jpg|thumb|Isagoo ka hadlaya CPAC , [[Febraayo]] 2011]] 1987, Trump wuxuu xayeysiisyo bog buuxa ah ku dhejiyay wargeysyada waaweyn oo muujinaya aragtidiisa ku aaddan siyaasadda dibadda iyo sida loo tirtiro hoos u dhaca miisaaniyadda federaalka. Sannadkii 1988-kii, waxa uu la xidhiidhay Lee Atwater , isaga oo waydiisanaya in la tixgeliyo in uu yahay musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga ee George HW Bush . Bush wuxuu codsigaas u helay "mid qariib ah oo aan la rumaysan karin". Trump waxa uu ahaa musharrax 2000 ee xisbiga Reform Party ee horudhaca madaxtinnimada saddex bilood ka hor inta uusan ka tanaasulin Febraayo 2000 . Waxa uu ka hadlay shirkii waxqabadka siyaasadda ee muxaafidka bishii Febraayo, wuxuuna khudbado ka jeediyay gobollada horudhaca ah ee horudhaca ah. Bishii Maajo 2011, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuusan tartami doonin ==2016 doorashada madaxweynaha== Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay inuu u sharaxan yahay doorashada 2016 June 2015. Waxa uu u ololeeyay sidii maalqabeen, ganacsade guul leh iyo shisheeye aan khibrad siyaasadeed lahayn, wuxuuna ku andacoodey in warbaahintu u xaglinayso isaga. Hadaladiisa ol'olaha badanaa waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan caddayn oo soo jeedin ah, iyo lambarka rikoodhku waa been. Waxa uu noqday murashaxa ugu horreeya ee Jamhuuriga bishii March 2016 waxaana lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay musharaxa Jamhuuriga ee la malaynayo bishii May [[File:Donald_Trump_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg|thumb|Ololaha Arizona, Maarso 2016]] Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay NATO mid "dhacday" iyo aragtiyo la isku halleyn karo oo lagu tilmaamay Washington Post inay yihiin kuwo aan dhexdhexaad ahayn iyo ilaalin . Ololihiisa ololaha wuxuu xooga saaray dib u gorgortanka xiriirka US-China iyo heshiisyada ganacsiga xorta ah sida NAFTA iyo si adag u dhaqan gelinta sharciyada socdaalka. Jagooyinka kale ee ololaha waxaa ka mid ah raadinta madaxbannaanida tamarta iyada oo ka soo horjeeda xeerarka isbeddelka cimilada, casriyeynta adeegyada loogu talagalay halyeeyada , baabi'inta iyo beddelka sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo , baabi'inta heerarka waxbarashada aasaasiga ah , maalgelinta kaabayaasha , fududaynta koodhka canshuurta iyada oo la dhimayo canshuuraha, iyo ku soo rogida canshuuraha soo dejinta ee shirkadaha ka shaqeeya xeebaha. Waxa uu ku taliyey in la kordhiyo kharashaadka milatariga iyo in si xad dhaaf ah loo baadho ama laga mamnuuco soogalootiga dalalka Muslimka u badan. Waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu darbi ka dhisayo xudduudda Mexico iyo Maraykanka, waxa uuna wacad ku maray in Mexico ay bixin doonto kharashka. Wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu masaafurin doono malaayiin muhaajiriin sharci darro ah oo ku nool Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaleeceeyay dhalashada dhalashada inuu dhiirigelinayo " carruurta barroosinka ah ". Sida laga soo xigtay falanqaynta Sayniska Siyaasadda ee Quarterly , Trump wuxuu sameeyay "ras-raac cad oo cunsurinimo iyo jinsiyeed ah si uu uga guuleysto codbixiyayaasha cadaanka ah" intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxtinimada ee 2016. Gaar ahaan, khudbadiisii ​​ololaha ololaha ayaa soo jiidatay dhaleeceyn ku aaddan sheegashada muhaajiriinta reer Mexico "waxay keeneen daroogo, waxay keeneen dambi, waa kufsi"; oo ka jawaabaya, NBC waxay ka eriday Xirfadlaha caanka ah . Warbixinada Trump ee FEC ee looga baahan yahay ayaa ku taxay hantida ka sareysa $1.4 bilyan iyo deymaha taagan ee ugu yaraan $315 milyan. Ma uusan sii deyn canshuur celintiisa , taasoo lid ku ah dhaqanka musharax kasta oo weyn tan iyo 1976 iyo ballanqaadkiisii ​​2014 iyo 2015 inuu sidaas sameyn doono haddii uu u tartamo jagada. ( 166 ) Wuxuu sheegay in canshuur celintiisa la baarayo , qareennadiisuna ay kula taliyeen inuusan sii deyn. Kadib dagaal dheer oo maxkamadeed oo lagu joojinayo sii deynta canshuur celintiisa iyo diiwaanada kale ee qareenka degmada Manhattan si loogu sameeyo dambi baaris, oo ay ku jiraan laba racfaan oo uu Trump u gudbiyay Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka , Febraayo 2021 maxkamadda sare waxay ogolaatay in diiwaannada loo sii daayo dacwad oogaha si ay u eegaan xeerbeegti weyn. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, qaybo ka mid ah dacwadaha gobolka Trump ee 1995 ayaa loo siidaayay wariye ka socda New York Times . Waxay muujinayaan inuu ku dhawaaqay inuu khasaaray $ 916 milyan sanadkaas, taas oo u ogolaan karta inuu ka fogaado canshuuraha ilaa 18 sano. Trump ayaa ku guuleystay 306 cod oo la ballanqaaday halka 232 ay heshay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary Clinton . Ka dib markii doorashadi labada dhinac ay ka baxeen , tirinta rasmiga ah waxay ahayd 304 ilaa 227 . Waxa uu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan ka mid ahayn ciidamada, mana qaban wax xafiis dawladeed ka hor inta uusan noqon madaxweynaha. Doorashadiisu waxay calaamad u ahayd soo noqoshada dawlad Jamhuuriya oo aan qaybsanayn . Guusha Trump waxay dhalisay mudaaharaadyo ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Maraykanka ==Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay (2017-2021)== [[File:Donald_Trump_swearing_in_ceremony.jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , oo uu maamulayo madaxa cadaalada John G. Roberts Jr. , Janaayo 20, 2017]] [[File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg|thumb|Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2017]] ===Ficilada hore=== Trump ayaa la caleemasaaray Janaayo 20, 2017. Maalin ka dib markii la caleemasaaray, qiyaastii 2.6 milyan oo qof oo adduunka ah, oo ay ku jiraan 500,000 oo ku nool Washington, DC, ayaa mudaaharaad ka dhan ah isaga oo ka qeyb qaatay socodkii haweenka . Intii lagu guda jiray usbuucii ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump wuxuu saxiixay lix amar fulineed , oo ay ku jiraan oggolaanshaha habraacyada baabi'inta sharciga ilaalinta bukaanka iyo daryeelka la awoodi karo ("Obamacare"), ka noqoshada wada-xaajoodka iskaashiga Trans-Pacific, horumarinta mashaariicda Keystone XL iyo Dakota Access Pipeline , iyo qorsheynta darbiga xadka Maraykanka ee Mexico. ===Isku dhacyada xiisaha=== Ka hor inta aan la caleema-saarin, Trump wuxuu ganacsigiisa u raray kalsooni la burin karo , halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa kalsooni indho la'aan ama habayn u dhigma "si uu naftiisa uga gooyo danihiisa ganacsi". Wuxuu sii waday inuu ka faa'iidaysto ganacsigiisa wuxuuna ogaa sida siyaasadda maamulkiisu u saamaysay. Inkasta oo uu sheegay in uu ka fogaan doono "heshiisyada cusub ee ajnabiga ah", Ururka Trump wuxuu dabagalay ballaarinta hawlgalka ee Scotland, Dubai, iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dominican. ​​Lobbyists, saraakiisha dawladda shisheeye, deeq-bixiyeyaasha Trump iyo xulafadooda ayaa boqolaal milyan oo doolar u soo ururiyay goobihiisa dalxiiska iyo hoteellada. Trump ayaa lagu dacweeyay inuu ku xad-gudbay Qodobbada Emoluments Gudaha iyo Dibadda ee Dastuurka Mareykanka , markii ugu horreysay ee qodobbada si cad loo dacweeyay. Hal kiis ayaa lagu diiday maxkamadda hoose. Labo ayaa Maxkamadda Sare ay shaqada ka cayrisay ka dib markii uu xilka qabtay. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu ugu deeqayo mushaharkiisa madaxtinnimo iyo faa'iidada uu ka helo dammaanadda shisheeye ee dawladda Maraykanka. Waxa uu ugu deeqay mushaharkiisa hay'adaha federaalka waxana uu dacaayadeeyay deeq kasta ilaa Juulay 2020. Wakaaladaha federaaliga ah ee ay sahamisay The Washington Post bishii Luulyo 2021 waxa ay sheegeen in aanay wax hadiyad ah helin wixii ka dambeeyay bishaas. Muwaadiniinta Mas'uuliyadda iyo Anshaxa ee Washington ayaa sheegay 2024 inuu ku deeqay $448,000 oo lagu qiyaasay $13.6 milyan oo lacag ah oo uu ka helay dawlado shisheeye muddadiisii ​​ugu horreysay. ===Siyaasadda gudaha=== Trump wuxuu xafiiska la wareegay meesha ugu sarreysa ballaarinta dhaqaale ee ugu dheer taariikhda Mareykanka, kaasoo bilaabmay 2009 oo socday ilaa Febraayo 2020, markii hoos u dhaca COVID-19 uu bilaabmay. Bishii Disembar 2017, wuxuu saxiixay Sharciga dhimista Canshuuraha iyo Shaqada ee 2017 . Waxay hoos u dhigtay qiimaha cashuuraha ee ganacsiyada iyo shakhsiyaadka waxayna meesha ka saartay ciqaabtii la xidhiidhay sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo . Maamulka Trump ayaa ku andacoonaya in ficilku aanu hoos u dhigi doonin dakhliga dawladda, laakiin dakhliga 2018 ayaa 7.6 boqolkiiba ka hooseeya saadaasha. Marka loo eego Trump, hoos u dhaca miisaaniyada federaalku wuxuu kordhay ku dhawaad ​​50 boqolkiiba, ilaa ku dhawaad ​​$ 1 trillion 2019. Dhammaadkii muddadiisa, deynta qaranka Mareykanka waxay kordheen 39 boqolkiiba, taasoo gaartay $ 27.75 trillion, iyo saamiga US-deficit-to-GDP ayaa ku dhuftey mid sare oo ka mid ah Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Trump waxa kale oo uu ku guuldarraystay in uu ka dhabeeyo ballan-qaadkiisii ​​ololaha ee ahaa $1 trillion oo qorshe kharash-bixineed oo kaabayaasha ah. Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee casriga ah ee Maraykanka ee xilka ka taga isaga oo ka shaqaale yar marka loo eego markii uu xilka qabtay, saddex milyan oo qof. Wuxuu diiday fikradda sayniska ee isbeddelka cimilada . Wuxuu hoos u dhigay miisaaniyada cilmi baarista tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo 40 boqolkiiba wuxuuna bedelay siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee lagu hagayay isbedelka cimilada. Wuxuu ka baxay heshiiskii Paris , taasoo ka dhigtay Mareykanka dalka kaliya ee aan ansixin. Wuxuu ujeedkiisu ahaa in kor loo qaado wax soo saarka iyo dhoofinta shidaalka fosil . Gaaska dabiiciga ah ayaa balaariyay Trump, laakiin dhuxusha ayaa sii waday hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu dib u soo celiyay in ka badan 100 xeerarka deegaanka ee federaalka, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa xakameyey qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo , wasakhowga hawada iyo biyaha, iyo isticmaalka walxaha sunta ah. Wuxuu wiiqay ilaalinta xoolaha iyo heerarka deegaanka ee mashaariicda kaabayaasha federaalka, wuxuuna balaariyay meelaha la oggol yahay ee qodista iyo soo saarista kheyraadka, sida oggolaanshaha qodista Qaxootiga Arctic . Trump wuxuu burburiyay xeerarkii federaalka ee caafimaadka, shaqada, deegaanka, iyo meelo kale, oo ay ku jiraan sharci baabi'iyay xeerkii xilligii Obama ee xaddidayay iibinta hubka dadka maskaxda ka xanuunsan. Inta lagu jiro lixdii toddobaad ee ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, wuxuu dib u dhigay, hakiyay, ama beddelay sagaashan xeer federaal ah, inta badan "kadib codsiyo ka yimid warshadaha nidaamsan". Machadka Daacadnimada Siyaasadda wuxuu ogaaday in 78 boqolkiiba soo jeedintiisa ay xannibeen maxkamadaha ama aysan ka adkaan dacwadda. Intii lagu guda jiray ololihiisa, Trump wuxuu wacad ku maray inuu baabi'in doono oo uu bedeli doono Sharciga Daryeelka La awoodi karo . Xafiiska, waxa uu hoos u dhigay fulinta sharciga iyada oo loo marayo amarada fulinta. Wuxuu muujiyay rabitaan ah inuu "u oggolaado Obamacare inuu guuldareysto"; maamulkiisu waxa uu kala badh ka dhimay xilliga is-diiwaangelinta waxana uu si weyn u dhimay dhaqaalihii loogu talo galay dhiirrigelinta diiwaangelinta. Bishii Juun 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu ku biiray 18 dawladood oo Jamhuurigu hoggaamiyo oo ku doodaya ka hor Maxkamadda Sare in baabi'inta ganaaxyada maaliyadeed ee la xidhiidha waajibaadka shakhsi ahaaneed ay ka dhigtay sharciga mid dastuuri ah. Codsigoodu wuxuu baabi'in lahaa caymiska caafimaadka ilaa 23 milyan oo Maraykan ah, laakiin kuma guulaysan. Intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016, Trump wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu ilaalin doono maalgelinta Medicare iyo barnaamijyada kale ee badbaadada bulshada. Janaayo 2020, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaanka inuu tixgeliyo dhimista iyaga. Isagoo ka jawaabaya cudurka faafa ee opioid , Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharci sanadka 2018 si loo kordhiyo maalgelinta daawaynta daroogada, laakiin waxaa si weyn loogu dhaleeceeyay inuu ku guuldareystay inuu sameeyo istiraatiijiyad la taaban karo. Wuxuu ka mamnuucay hay'adaha bixiya ilmo iska soo rididda ama u gudbinta ilmo soo rididda inay helaan lacagaha federaalka. Waxa uu sheegay in uu taageeray "guurka dhaqameed", laakiin wuxuu tixgeliyey sharcinimada waddanka oo dhan ee guurka isku jinsiga ah "la degay". Maamulkiisu waxa uu dib u rogay qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah ilaalinta goobta shaqada ee maamulka Obama ee ka dhanka ah takoorka dadka LGBTQ .Isku daygiisii ​​isku daygiisii ​​ee ilaalinta takoorka ee bukaannada transgender- ka bishii Agoosto 2020 waxaa joojiyay garsoore federaal ah ka dib markii ay xukuntay Maxkamadda Sare ay kordhisay ilaalinta xuquuqda madaniga ah ee shaqaalaha aqoonsiga jinsiga iyo jihada galmada. Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu ka soo horjeedo xakamaynta hubka , in kasta oo ay aragtidiisu is beddeshay muddo ka dib. Maamulkiisu waxa uu qaatay mawqif ka dhan ah marijuana , isaga oo burinaya siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee ilaalin jiray dawladaha sharciyeeyay marijuana. Waa u doode muddo dheer ah ee ciqaabta dilka ah, iyo maamulkiisu wuxuu kormeeray dawladda federaalka ah ee fulinta 13 maxbuus, in ka badan 56 sano ee hore marka la isku daro, oo soo afjaraya 17 sano oo joojin ah. Sannadkii 2016, wuxuu sheegay inuu taageersan yahay isticmaalka hababka jirdilka su'aalaha "jahannamo aad uga xun kan biyaha-qaadista . ===Xiriirka jinsiyadeed=== Faallooyinka Trump ee 2017 Mideynta Dibad-baxa Xaqa ah , oo cambaareeyay "bandhiggan foosha xun ee nacaybka, nacaybka iyo rabshadaha dhinacyo badan" oo sheegaya in ay jiraan "dad aad u fiican oo labada dhinac ah", ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay inay muujinayaan u dhigma akhlaaqda u dhexeeya dibad-baxayaasha sare-sare ee cadaanka ah iyo mudaaharaadayaasha. Bishii Janaayo 2018 dood ku saabsan sharciga socdaalka, waxaa la sheegay inuu u tixraacay El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, iyo wadamada Afrika sida "wadamada shithole". Hadaladiisa waxaa lagu cambaareeyay cunsurinimo. [[File:President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(49964153176).jpg|Iyadoo koox saraakiil iyo la-taliyeyaal ah ay ka soo lugeeyeen Aqalka Cad kuna sii jeeday Kaniisadda St.]] Bishii Luulyo 2019, Trump ayaa bartiisa twitterka ku soo qoray in afar haween ah oo ka tirsan Kongareeska Dimuqraadiga—dhammaan dadka laga tirada badan yahay, oo seddex ka mid ah ay u dhasheen Mareykanka - ay tahay inay " ku laabtaan " dalalkii ay "ka yimaadeen".Laba maalmood ka dib Golaha Wakiiladu waxay u codeeyeen 240-187, inta badan iyagoo raacaya xisbiyada, si ay u cambaareeyaan "faallooyinka cunsuriyadda". Daabacaada wadani ee cadaanka ah iyo warbaahinta bulshada ayaa amaanay hadaladiisa, kuwaas oo sii socday maalmaha soo socda. Waxa uu sii waday hadallo la mid ah intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2020. Bishii Juun 2020, intii lagu jiray mudaaharaadyadii George Floyd , saraakiisha fulinta sharciga federaalku waxay isticmaaleen sunta dadka ka ilmeysiisa iyo tabaha kale ee dadka si ay uga saaraan dad badan oo nabdoon oo mudaaharaadayaal sharci ah fagaaraha Lafayette , bannaanka Aqalka Cad . Trump ayaa markaa la soo baxay Kitaabka Quduuska ah si uu sawir uga qaado Kaniisadda Episcopal St. Hogaamiyeyaal ciidan oo badan oo shaqada ka fadhiistay iyo saraakiisha difaaca ayaa cambaareeyay soo jeedintiisa ah in uu isticmaalo millatariga Maraykanka mudaharaadayaasha ka soo horjeeda bilayska. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee uu Trump xilka hayay, waxa uu oggolaaday 237 codsi oo naxariis ah, taas oo ka yar dhammaan madaxweynayaashii tan iyo 1900-kii marka laga reebo George HW Bush iyo George W. Bush . Keliya 25 iyaga ka mid ah ayaa waxaa shaandheeyay Xafiiska Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Xafiiska Qareenka Cafiska ; kuwa kale waxaa la siiyay dadka xiriirka shakhsi ahaaneed ama siyaasadeed ee isaga, qoyskiisa, iyo xulafadiisa, ama ay ku taliyaan dadka caanka ah. Maalintii ugu dambaysay ee uu xafiiska joogay, waxa uu ogolaaday 73 cafis waxana uu ka khafiifiyay 70 xukun. Dhawr xulafada Trump ah uma qalmin cafis marka loo eego xeerarka Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo xaalado kale waaxdu waxay ka soo horjeedsatay naxariista. Cafiskii saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan ciidanka milatariga oo lagu helay ama lagu soo oogay dambiyo rabshado wata ayaa waxaa ka soo horjeestay hogaamiyayaasha ciidamada. ===Socdaalka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg|thumb|Baarista tusaalaha darbiga xadka ee Otay Mesa, California]] Madaxweyne ahaan, Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay socdaalka sharci darrada ah inuu yahay "duulaanka" Maraykanka oo uu si weyn u kordhiyay fulinta socdaalka. Wuxuu hirgeliyay siyaasado adag oo ka dhan ah magangalyo-doonka wuxuuna u daabulay ku dhawaad ​​6,000 oo askari xadka US-Mexico si ay u joojiyaan isgoysyada sharci darrada ah. Waxa uu hoos u dhigay tirada qaxootiga loo ogolaaday in ay diiwaan gashadaan, laga bilaabo xadka sanadlaha ah ee 110,000 ka hor inta uusan xafiiska la wareegin 15,000 ee 2021 . Mid ka mid ah ballamihiisii ​​ololaha dhexe waxa ay ahayd in uu derbi ka dhisayo xudduudda US-Mexico ; intii lagu jiray xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Maraykanku wuxuu dhisay 73 mayl (117 km) oo derbi ah meelaha aan lahayn caqabadaha iyo 365 mayl (587 km) si uu u beddelo caqabadaha hore. 2018, diidmada Trump ee ah in uu saxeexo kharash kasta oo kharash ah ilaa ay u qoondaysay maalgelinta darbiga xuduudka waxay keentay xidhidhkii ugu dheeraa abid ee dawladda dhexe , muddo 35 maalmood ah laga bilaabo Disembar 2018 ilaa Janaayo 2019. Si looga fogaado xidhitaan kale, Koongarasku waxa uu soo saaray biil dhaqaale oo dhan $1.4 bilyan oo loogu talagalay dayrarka xuduudaha bishii Febraayo. Trump ayaa markii dambe ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo heer qaran ah oo ku taal xudduudda koonfureed si uu u leexiyo $ 6.1 bilyan oo maalgelin ah derbiga xudduudaha inkastoo congress-ka is khilaafeen. Bishii Janaayo 2017, Trump wuxuu saxiixay amar fulin oo u diidaya inay soo galaan muwaadiniinta lix waddan oo Muslimiin u badan afar bilood iyo inay ka yimaadaan Suuriya si aan xad lahayn. Amarka ayaa sababay mudaaharaadyo badan iyo caqabado sharci taasoo keentay amarro dalka oo dhan ah . Amarka dib loo eegay oo bixiya qaar ka reeban ayaa sidoo kale xannibay maxkamadaha, laakiin Maxkamadda Sare waxay xukuntay bishii Juun in mamnuucida la fulin karo kuwa ka maqan " xidhiidh daacad ah oo lala yeesho qof ama hay'ad" gudaha Maraykanka saraakiil, laakiin waxay ka saareen Ciraaq iyo Suudaan. Maxkamadda Sare waxay ogolaatay in noocaas uu dhaqan galo Diseembar 2017, oo ugu dambeyntii taageertay xayiraadda 2019. Laga soo bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu lahaa siyaasad kala qaybsanaan qoys oo kala saaray in ka badan 4,400 carruurta soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee waalidkood, 2 ee Maraykanka . Siyaasad aan hore loo arag. ayaa dalka ka dhalisay cadho dadweyne. Inkasta oo Trump uu markii hore eedaynayay Dimuqraadiyiinta oo uu ku adkaystay inuusan joojin karin siyaasadda amarka fulinta, wuxuu aqbalay cadaadiska dadweynaha bishii Juun 2018 wuxuuna amray in qoysaska soogalootiga sharci-darrada ah la wada xiro haddii aysan "ay jirin walaac" khatarta ilmaha. Garsooraha ayaa markii dambe amar ku bixiyay in qoysaska la isu keeno oo kala fogaansho dheeraad ah la joojiyo marka laga reebo xaalado xaddidan, inkastoo in ka badan 1,000 carruur dheeraad ah laga soocay qoysaskooda amarka ka dib. ===Siyaasada Arimaha Dibada=== [[File:-G7Biarritz_(48616362963).jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyayaasha G7 ayaa shir madaxeedka 45-aad ee France, 2019]] Trump wuxuu isku tilmaamay inuu yahay "qaraniyad" iyo siyaasadiisa arrimaha dibadda " America First ". Waxa uu taageeray dawladihii populist , neo-nationalist , iyo dawlado kali-talis ah. Saadalin la'aan, hubanti la'aan, iyo iswaafaqla'aan ayaa lagu gartaa xiriirka dibadda intii uu xilka hayay. Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo xulafadiisa reer Yurub waxa uu ahaa mid xun intii uu Trump joogay. Wuxuu dhaleeceeyay xulafada NATO wuxuuna si gaar ah u soo jeediyay in Maraykanku ka baxo NATO . Trump wuxuu taageeray siyaasado badan oo ka mid ah siyaasadaha ra'iisul wasaaraha Israel Benjamin Netanyahu . Sannadkii 2020, Trump waxa uu martigeliyay saxeexa heshiiskii Abraham ee u dhexeeyay Israa’iil iyo Imaaraadka Carabta iyo Baxrayn si ay caadi uga dhigaan xidhiidhkooda dibadda. [[File:President_Trump_%26_the_First_Lady%27s_Trip_to_Europe_(42547210635).jpg|thumb|Isagoo gacan qaadaya madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin intii lagu jiray shirkii 2018 ee Helsinki , Finland]] Trump ayaa dagaal ganacsi la bilaabay Shiinaha 2018 ka dib markii uu ku soo rogay canshuuro iyo caqabado kale oo ganacsi oo uu sheegay in ay ku qasbi doonto Shiinaha in ay soo afjarto ku dhaqanka ganacsiga cadaalad darada ah ee mudada dheer soo jiray iyo ku xadgudubka hantida garaadka . Trump waxa uu wiiqay cunaqabatayntii ugu adkeyd ee uu Maraykanku soo rogay ka dib markii 2014 uu Ruushku la wareegay Crimea . Trump wuu ammaanay oo, sida ay sheegeen qaar ka mid ah dadka dhaleeceeyay, dhif ayuu u dhaleeceeyay madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin , inkasta oo uu ka soo horjeestay tallaabooyinka qaar ee dawladda Ruushka. Waxa uu Maraykanka ka saaray heshiiska dhex-dhexaadka ah ee ciidamada Nukliyeerka , isaga oo u cuskanaya in Ruushku aanu u hoggaansamin, oo uu taageeray suurtagalnimada in Ruushku ku soo laabto G7 . Iyada oo hubka Nukliyeerka ee Waqooyiga Kuuriya loo arkayay khatar halis ah, Trump wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Maraykan ah ee la kulma hoggaamiyaha Kuuriyada Waqooyi, oo la kulmay Kim Jong Un saddex jeer : Singapore bishii Juun 2018, Hanoi bishii Febraayo 2019, iyo Aagga Dillatari ee Kuuriya ee Juun 2019 ===Shaqaale=== Dhammaadkii sannadkii ugu horreeyay ee Trump xafiiska, 34 boqolkiiba shaqaalahiisa asalka ah waa ay iska casileen, shaqada laga eryay, ama waa la bedelay. Ilaa Luulyo 2018, 61 boqolkiiba kaaliyeyaashiisa sare ayaa ka tagay iyo shaqaalaha 141 ayaa ka tagay sannadkii hore. Labada tiroba waxay dhigayaan rikoodh madaxweynayaashii dhawaa. Kaaliyeyaasha gaarka ah ee u dhow Trump ayaa shaqada ka tagay ama lagu qasbay. Waxa uu si cad u bahdilay dhowr ka mid ah saraakiishiisii ​​ugu sarraysay. Trump wuxuu lahaa afar madax oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad , isaga oo fogeynaya ama riixaya dhowr. Bishii Maajo 2017, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay agaasimihii FBI James Comey , isagoo sheegay maalmo ka dib inuu ka walaacsan yahay doorka Comey ee baaritaannada Trump iyo Ruushka. Saddex ka mid ah 15-kii xubnood ee asalka ahaa ee Trump ayaa baxay ama lagu qasbay inay is casilaan sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay. Trump wuu ka gaabiyay inuu magacaabo saraakiisha heerka labaad ee waaxda fulinta, isagoo sheegay in jagooyin badan oo aan loo baahnayn. Bishii Oktoobar 2017, waxaa jiray boqollaal jagooyin hoosaadyo ah oo aan la magacaabin. Ilaa Janaayo 8, 2019, ee 706 jagooyin muhiim ah, 433 ayaa la buuxiyay mana uusan u magacaabin 264. ===Garsoorka=== Trump ayaa magacaabay 226 garsoore oo heer federaal ah , oo ay ku jiraan 54 ka mid ah maxkamadaha rafcaanka iyo saddex ka mid ah maxkamadda sare : Neil Gorsuch , Brett Kavanaugh , iyo Amy Coney Barrett . Magacaabistiisa Maxkamadda Sare waxay siyaasad ahaan u wareejisay Maxkamadda dhinaca midig. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ballan qaaday in Roe v. Wade la rogi doono "si toos ah" haddii isaga la doorto oo la siiyo fursad uu ku magacaabo laba ama saddex garsoorayaasha ka hortagga ilmo soo rididda. Ka dib waxa uu qaatay sumcad markii Roe uu afgembiyay Dobbs v. Jackson Ururka Caafimaadka Haweenka 2022; Dhammaan saddexdii xubnood ee uu soo magacaabay Maxkamadda Sare waxay ku codeeyeen aqlabiyadda. Trump wuxuu quudhsaday maxkamadaha iyo garsoorayaasha uu ku khilaafay, inta badan qaab shakhsiyeed, wuxuuna su'aal galiyay awoodda dastuuriga ah ee garsoorka. Weerradiisa uu ku qaaday maxkamadaha ayaa waxaa ka dhashay canaan ka timid goobjoogayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan garsoorayaal heer federaal ah oo fadhiyey, kuwaas oo ka walaacsanaa saamaynta hadalladiisu ku yeelan karaan madaxbannaanida garsoorka iyo kalsoonida shacabku ku qabaan garsoorka. ===Cudurka caalamiga ah covid-19=== [[File:White_House_Press_Briefing_(49666120807).jpg|thumb|Qabashada war-saxaafadeed COVID-19 ah oo lala yeelanayo xubnaha Aqalka Cad ee Hawl-galka Coronavirus March 15, 2020]] Trump ayaa markii hore iska dhaga tiray digniinaha caafimaadka bulshada iyo baaqyada ah in tallaabo laga qaado saraakiisha caafimaadka ee maamulkiisa. Trump wuxuu aasaasay Ciidanka Aqalka Cad ee Coronavirus bishii Janaayo 29. Bishii Maarso 27, wuxuu saxiixay sharciga CARES Act - $ 2.2 trillion biilka kicinta dhaqaalaha laba geesoodka ah - kicinta ugu weyn taariikhda Mareykanka. Ka dib toddobaadyo weeraro ah si ay uga fogaato jawaabtiisa gaabis ah, Trump wuxuu joojiyay maalgelinta Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka bishii Abriil. Bishii Abriil 2020, kooxaha ku xiran Jamhuuriga ayaa abaabulay mudaaharaadyo ka dhan ah qufulka oo looga soo horjeedo tallaabooyinka ay dowladaha gobolladu qaadayeen si ay ula dagaallamaan masiibada; Trump ayaa ku dhiirigeliyay mudaaharaadyada Twitter-ka , in kasta oo dawladaha la beegsaday aysan la kulmin tilmaamaha maamulkiisa ee dib u furitaanka. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u cadaadiyay hay'adaha caafimaadka federaalka inay qaadaan tallaabooyin uu doorbiday, sida oggolaanshaha daaweynta aan la xaqiijin. Bishii Oktoobar, Trump waxa la dhigay cusbitaalka Xarunta Caafimaadka Qaranka ee Walter Reed muddo saddex maalmood ah iyada oo uu jiro kiis daran oo ah COVID-19 ===Baaritaanada=== Ka dib markii uu la wareegay xafiiska, Trump wuxuu ahaa mawduuca kordhinta Waaxda Caddaaladda iyo kormeerka Kongareeska, iyada oo la baarayo ololihiisa doorashada, kala-guurka, iyo caleema saarka, tallaabooyinkii la qaaday intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa, ganacsigiisa gaarka ah , canshuuraha shakhsi ahaaneed, iyo aasaaska samafalka . Waxaa jiray toban baaritaan dembi oo federaal ah, siddeed gobol iyo baaritaanno maxalli ah, iyo laba iyo toban baaritaan oo kongareeska ah. Bishii Luulyo 2016, FBI waxay bilawday duufaanta Crossfire , baaritaan ku saabsan xiriirka suurtagalka ah ee ka dhexeeya Ruushka iyo ololaha Trump ee 2016. Kadib markii Trump uu shaqada ka eryay Comey bishii Maajo 2017, FBI-da ayaa furtay baaritaan labaad oo ku saabsan xiriirkii shakhsi ahaaneed iyo ganacsi ee Trump uu la yeeshay Ruushka . Bishii Janaayo 2017, saddex hay'adood oo sirdoon oo Mareykan ah ayaa si wadajir ah u sheegay "kalsooni sare" in Ruushku uu farageliyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump. Shaki badan xidhiidho ka dhexeeya saaxiibada Trump iyo saraakiisha Ruushka ayaa la ogaaday. Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Ruushka ee doorashada. Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah ayaa markii dambe loo wareejiyay baaritaanka qareenka gaarka ah ee Robert Mueller ; Baaritaanka ku saabsan xiriirka Trump iyo Ruushka waxaa soo afjaray ku xigeenka xeer ilaaliyaha guud Rod Rosenstein ka dib markii uu u sheegay FBI in Mueller uu sii wadi doono arrinta. Codsiga Rosenstein, baaritaanka Mueller wuxuu baaray arrimaha dambiyada "ee la xiriira faragelinta doorashada 2016 ee Ruushka". Mueller ayaa soo gudbiyay warbixintiisii ​​u dambaysay bishii March 2019. Warbixintu waxay ogaatay in Ruushku uu farageliyay 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump iyo in Trump iyo ololihiisii ​​ay soo dhaweeyeen oo ay dhiiri galiyeen dadaalka, laakiin caddaynta "ma aysan xaqiijin" in Ruushka ama xubnaha ololaha Trump ay abaabuleen. Trump waxa uu ku andacooday in warbixintaasi ay ka saartay isaga in kasta oo Mueller uu qoray in aanay taasi dhicin. Warbixintu waxay sidoo kale faahfaahisay carqaladaynta suurtagalka ah ee caddaaladda ee Trump, laakiin "ma aysan soo saarin gabagabada kama dambaysta ah" oo ka tagtay go'aanka lagu soo oogay sharciyada Congress-ka. Bishii Abriil 2019, Guddiga Kormeerka ee Aqalka ayaa soo saaray amar maxkamadeed oo ay ku raadinayaan faahfaahin maaliyadeed bangiyada Trump, Deutsche Bank iyo Capital One , iyo shirkaddiisa xisaabaadka, Mazars USA . Wuxuu dacweeyay bangiyada, Mazars, iyo guddoomiyaha guddiga Elijah Cummings si looga hortago in la shaaciyo. Bishii Maajo, laba garsoore ayaa xukuntay in Mazars iyo bangiyada labadaba ay tahay inay u hoggaansamaan amar-qaadista; . Qareennada Trump ayaa racfaan ka qaatay. Bishii Sebtembar 2022, Trump iyo guddiga ayaa ku heshiiyey heshiis ku saabsan Mazars, shirkadduna waxay bilowday inay wareejiso dukumentiyada. ===Eedaynta=== [[File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_(49498772251).jpg|thumb|Soo bandhigida cinwaanka "Trump waa la sii daayay" 2020]] Trump waxaa laba jeer xilka ka xayuubiyey aqalka Congress-ka, in kastoo aqalka senate-ka ay labada jeerba dambi ku soo oogeen. Xil ka qaadistii ugu horeysay ayaa ka dhalatay cabasho sir ah oo bishii Luulyo 2019 Trump ku cadaadiyay madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy inuu baadho Joe iyo Hunter Biden, isagoo isku dayaya inuu faa'iido ka helo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2020 . Bishii Disembar 2019, aqalku wuxuu u codeeyay in Trump lagu soo oogo ku takri fal awoodeed iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka , iyo Senatka ayaa dambi ku waayay Febraayo 2020. Xil ka qaadista labaad ayaa timid ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo ee Capitol, kaas oo aqalku uu Trump ku soo oogay in uu kiciyay kacdoon 13-kii Janaayo 2021. Trump ayaa xafiiska ka tagay 20-kii Janaayo, waxaana lagu sii daayay Febraayo 13. Todobo senate oo Jamhuuriya ayaa u codeeyay xukun. ===2020 doorashada madaxweynaha=== Trump wuxuu xareeyay inuu u tartamo dib-u-doorashada saacado yar uun ka dib markii uu noqday madaxweynaha 2017. Waxa uu qabtay isu soo baxkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee dib-u-doorashada wax ka yar bil ka dib markii uu xafiiska qabtay wuxuuna si rasmi ah u noqday musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga Agoosto 2020. Ololaha Trump wuxuu diiradda saaray dambiyada, isagoo ku andacoonaya in magaalooyinka ay hoos ugu dhici doonaan sharci-darro haddii Dimuqraadigu ku guuleysto doorashada. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u beeniyey boosaska Biden wuxuuna ka codsaday cunsuriyadda. Laga bilaabo horraantii 2020, Trump wuxuu abuuray shaki ku saabsan doorashada, isagoo ku andacoonaya caddayn la'aan in la musuqmaasuqi doono iyo in isticmaalka baahsan ee waraaqaha waraaqaha ay soo saari doonto khiyaamo doorasho oo ballaaran. Wuxuu xannibay maalgelinta Adeegga Boostada Mareykanka , isagoo sheegay inuu doonayo inuu ka hortago koror kasta oo ku yimaada codbixinta boostada. Wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu diiday inuu sheego inuu aqbali doono natiijada haddii laga guulaysto oo uu ballan qaado in si nabad ah xukunka loogu kala wareejiyo . ===Luminta Biden iyo diidmada natiijada=== Biden wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii November 2020, isagoo helay 81.3 milyan cod (51.3 boqolkiiba) Trump's 74.2 milyan (46.8 boqolkiiba ) iyo 306 codadka doorashada ee Trump 's 232 . subaxa ka dib doorashada. Maalmo ka dib, markii Biden la saadaaliyay in uu guulaysanayo, Trump waxa uu si aan sal iyo raad toona lahayn u eedeeyay musuqmaasuqa doorashada. Iyadoo qayb ka ah dadaalka lagu doonayo in lagu baabi'iyo natiijada , Trump iyo xulafadiisa ayaa gudbiyay dacwado badan oo ka dhan ah natiijooyinka , kuwaas oo ay diideen ugu yaraan 86 garsoore oo ka tirsan maxkamadaha gobolka iyo federaalka labadaba iyagoo aan lahayn wax xaqiiqo ah ama sharci ah. Eedeymaha Trump waxaa sidoo kale beeniyay saraakiisha doorashada ee gobolka, Maxkamadda Sare ayaa diiday in ay dhageysato kiis lagu codsanayo in la baabi'iyo natiijada afar gobol oo uu ku guuleystay Biden. Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u raadsaday caawimo si uu u rogo natiijooyinka, isaga oo shakhsi ahaan cadaadis saaraya Jamhuuriga maxalliga ah iyo kuwa haya xafiisyada gobolka, Sharci-dejiyaha Jamhuuriga, Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo Madaxweyne Ku-Xigeenka Pence, oo ku boorriyay ficillada sida beddelka cod-bixiyeyaasha madaxweynaha , ama in saraakiisha Georgia ay ku dhawaaqeen natiijada "dhammaan" Toddobaadyadii doorashada ka dib, Trump wuu ka baxay hawlihii guud. Waxa uu markii hore ka horjoogsaday saraakiisha dawladda in ay la shaqeeyaan Biden ee ku-meel-gaadhka madaxweynenimada . Saddex toddobaad ka dib, maamulaha Maamulka Adeegyada Guud wuxuu ku dhawaaqay Biden "guuleeyaha muuqda" ee doorashada, isaga oo u oggolaanaya bixinta agabka kala-guurka kooxdiisa. Inkastoo Trump uu sheegay in uu ku taliyay in GSA ay bilowdo hab-maamuuska kala-guurka, weli si rasmi ah uma uusan aqbalin. Trump kama uusan qeybgalin xafladdii Biden ee Janaayo 20. ===Janaayo 6-dii weerarkii Capitol=== Bishii Disembar 2020, waxaa soo baxay warbixino sheegaya in hoggaamiyeyaasha millatariga Mareykanka ay heegan sare ku jireen, saraakiisha darajo sarena ay ka wada hadleen waxa la sameeyo haddii Trump uu ku dhawaaqo sharciga dagaalka . Agaasimaha CIA Gina Haspel iyo General General Mark Milley , oo ah gudoomiyaha Taliyaasha Wadajirka ah ee Shaqaalaha , ayaa ka walaacsanaa in Trump uu isku dayo inqilaab ama tallaabo militari oo ka dhan ah Shiinaha ama Iran. Milley wuxuu ku adkaystay in lagala tashado amar kasta oo militari oo ka yimaada Trump, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka hubka nukliyeerka. [[File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_(50820534063)_(retouched).jpg|thumb|Dadweyne taageersan Trump intii uu weerarka socday]] Duhurnimadii Janaayo 6, 2021, iyadoo Congress-ka uu caddaynayay natiijada doorashada madaxtinimada ee Capitol US , Trump wuxuu ku qabtay isu soo bax ka dhacay Ellipse oo u dhow . Isagoo ka hadlayay gadaasha muraayad dhalo ah, wuxuu ku baaqay in doorashada la rogo wuxuuna ku booriyay taageerayaashiisa inay "la dagaalamaan sida cadaabta" oo "ay dib u soo ceshadaan waddankeena" iyagoo u socda Capitol. Taageerayaashiisa ayaa markaa sameeyay koox koox ah oo jebisay dhismaha , carqaladeeyay shahaadada waxayna sababtay daad-gureynta Congress-kaaIintii lagu guda jiray weerarka, Trump wuxuu ku dhajiyay baraha bulshada laakiin ma uusan weydiisan rabshado inay kala firdhiyaan. Qoraal uu soo dhigay bartiisa Twitter -ka 6-dii maqribnimo ayuu u sheegay in ay “Guryaha ku tagaan jacayl & nabad”, waxa uu ugu yeeray “wadani-weyn”, waxa uuna ku celiyay in uu ku guuleystay doorashada. Koongarasku mar dambe ayaa dib loo furay oo xaqiijiyay guushii Biden saacadihii hore ee Janaayo 7. In ka badan 140 booliis ah ayaa ku dhaawacmay, shan qofna way dhinteen intii uu socday ama ka dib weerarka. Dhacdadan ayaa lagu tilmaamay isku day afgambi oo uu sameeyay Trump. ==Inta u dhaxaysa madaxweynayaasha (2021-2025)== Markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ku noolaado Mar-a-Lago, isaga oo xafiis ka samaystay halkaas sida uu dhigayo sharciga madaxweynayaashii hore . Sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee sii socota ee ku saabsan doorashada 2020 waxaa caadi ahaan loogu yeeraa " beenta weyn " ee uu dhaleeceeyay, inkastoo May 2021, isaga iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa ay bilaabeen isticmaalka ereyga si ay u tixraacaan doorashada lafteeda. Xisbiga Jamhuurigu wuxuu u adeegsaday sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee ku saabsan doorashada si uu ugu caddeeyo soo rogida xannibaadaha codbixinta cusub ee ay ku jirto. Wuxuu sii waday inuu ku cadaadiyo sharci-dejiyeyaasha gobolka inay joojiyaan doorashada. Si ka duwan madaxweynayaashii hore ee kale, Trump wuxuu sii waday inuu xukumo xisbigiisa; profile 2022 ee New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay inuu yahay madaxa xisbiga casriga ah . Waxa uu sii waday lacag ururinta, isaga oo kor u qaaday xabad dagaal oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan laba jeer xisbiga Jamhuuriga, oo uu ka faa'iidaystay lacag ururinta musharaxiin badan oo Jamhuuri ah oo lagu qabtay Mar-a-Lago. Inta badan waxa uu diiradda saaray maamulka xisbiga iyo in uu xilal muhiim ah ka dhigo saraakiil isaga daacad u ah. Doorashadii xilliga dhexe ee 2022 , wuxuu taageeray in ka badan 200 oo musharraxiin ah oo u tartamaya xafiisyo kala duwan. Bishii Febraayo 2021, wuxuu diiwaangeliyay shirkad cusub, Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG), si ay u siiso "adeegyada isku xirka bulshada" macaamiisha Mareykanka. Bishii Maarso 2024, TMTG waxay ku biirtay shirkad soo iibsata ujeedo gaar ah oo Digital World Acquisition waxayna noqotay shirkad dadweyne . Bishii Febraayo 2022, TMTG waxay bilowday Truth Social , oo ah madal warbaahinta bulshada ah. ===Arrimaha sharciga=== Sannadkii 2019-kii, wariye E. Jean Carroll ayaa ku eedeeyay Trump inuu kufsaday 1990-meeyadii, wuxuuna ku dacweeyay sumcad-dil uu u geystay diidmadiisa. Carroll ayaa mar kale dacweeyay 2022 batari iyo sumcad dil dheeraad ah. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay xadgudub galmo iyo sumcad dil waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo $ 5 milyan hal kiis iyo $ 83.3 milyan kan kale. Maxkamadaha rafcaanka federaalku waxay taageereen natiijooyinkii iyo abaal-marintii Diseembar 2024 iyo Sebtembar 2025, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sannadkii 2022, New York waxay soo gudbisay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyada oo ku eedaysay inuu sare u qaaday qiimaha Ururka Trump si uu faa'iido uga helo bixiyeyaasha iyo bangiyada. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo ku dhawaad ​​$355 milyan oo lagu daray dulsaar. Bishii Agoosto 2025, maxkamadda rafcaanku waxay taageertay mas'uuliyadda Trump iyo ganaaxyada aan lacagta ahayn laakiin waxay meesha ka saartay ciqaabta lacageed oo xad dhaaf ah [[File:Classified_intelligence_material_found_during_search_of_Mar-a-Lago.jpg|thumb|Walax sirdoon oo sir ah ayaa la helay intii lagu jiray raadinta Mar-a-Lago]] Iyada oo la xidhiidha dadaalka Trump ee uu ku doonayo in uu ku joojiyo doorashada 2020 iyo ku lug lahaanshaha weerarkii January 6, December 2022 guddiga Aqalka Maraykanka ee weerarka ayaa soo jeediyay eedeymaha dambiyada ka dhanka ah isaga oo hor istaagay dacwad rasmi ah , shirqool lagu khiyaameeyay Maraykanka , iyo kicinta ama caawinta kacdoonka. Bishii Agoosto 2023, xeerbeegti weyn oo ku taal Fulton County, Georgia , ayaa ku soo oogtay 13 eedeymo, oo ay ku jiraan racketeering , dadaalkiisa uu ku doonayo inuu ku dumiyo doorashada 2020 ee gobolka. Bishii Janaayo 2022, Maamulka Kaydka iyo Diiwaanka Qaranka ayaa soo saaray 15 sanduuq oo dukumeenti ah oo Trump u qaaday Mar-a-Lago ka dib markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo qaarkood la sifeeyay. Baaritaankii Waaxda Caddaaladda ee xigay, mas'uuliyiintu waxay ka soo saareen dukumeentiyo sir ah oo badan oo qareenadiisa ah. Agoosto 8, 2022, wakiilada FBI waxay Mar-a-Lago ka baadheen dukumeenti si sharci darro ah loo haysto, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa jebinta sharciga basaasnimada , ururinta 11 dukumeenti qarsoodi ah, qaar sir sare leh. Xeer -beegti heer federaal ah oo uu sameeyay La-taliyaha Gaarka ah Jack Smith ayaa Trump ku soo oogay bishii Juun 2023 31 dacwadood oo ah "si ula kac ah u haynta macluumaadka difaaca qaranka" sida hoos timaada Xeerka Basaasnimada , iyo eedeymo kale. Trump wuu diiday dambiga. Bishii Luulyo 2024, garsoore Aileen Cannon ayaa meesha ka saaray kiiska , xukunka Smith magacaabistiisa xeer ilaaliye gaar ah wuxuu ahaa sharci darro. Bishii Maajo 2024, Trump waxaa lagu xukumay 34 dacwadood oo dembi ah oo ka been sheegay diiwaannada ganacsiga . Kiisku wuxuu ka yimid caddayn ah inuu ballansaday lacag-bixinnada lacagta-ka-soo-baxa ee Michael Cohen ee jilaa filimada qaangaarka ah ee Stormy Daniels sida kharashaadka ganacsiga si uu u daboolo eedeymihiisii ​​2006-2007 ee Daniels intii lagu jiray doorashadii 2016. Janaayo 10, 2025, xaakimku wuxuu siiyay Trump xukun ciqaab la'aan ah oo loo yaqaan siideyn shuruud la'aan ah, isagoo sheegay in shuruudaha ciqaabta ay faragelinayaan xasaanadda madaxweynaha. Ka dib markii dib loo doortay, kiiskii carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 iyo kiiskii dukumeentiyada qarsoodiga ahaa waa la eryay iyada oo aan la eedayn siyaasada Waaxda Cadaaladda ee ka dhanka ah dacwad qaadista madaxweynayaasha. ==2024 doorashada madaxweynaha== Bishii Noofambar 2022, Trump wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu u tartamayo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2024 wuxuuna abuuray akoon lacag ururin ah. Bishii Maarso 2023, ololuhu wuxuu bilaabay inuu u weeciyo boqolkiiba toban deeqaha hoggaankiisa PAC . Ololihiisu waxa uu bixiyay $100 milyan oo ku wajahan biilasha sharciga ah March 2024. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump wuxuu sameeyay hadallo rabshado wata oo isa soo taraya. Waxa uu sheegay in uu hubayn doono FBI-da iyo Waaxda Caddaaladda ee ka soo horjeeda siyaasaddiisa oo uu u adeegsado militariga si uu u beegsado siyaasiyiinta Dimuqraadiga ah iyo kuwa aan taageersanayn musharaxnimadiisa. Wuxuu adeegsaday hadallo ka daran oo bini'aadantinimada ka dhan ah intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa. Hadalkiisa, isaga oo ugu yeeraya mucaaradkiisa siyaasadeed "cadow", cayayaan, iyo faashiistaha, ayaa taariikhyahannada iyo aqoonyahannada qaarkood ku tilmaameen kalitalisnimo, faashiste oo ka duwan wax kasta oo musharax siyaasadeed uu waligiis ku sheegay taariikhda Mareykanka. Da'da iyo welwelka caafimaadka ayaa sidoo kale kacday intii lagu jiray ololaha, iyada oo dhowr khabiiro caafimaad ah ay muujinayaan kororka xamaasada, hadalka jilicsan iyo dabeecadda . Trump wuxuu xusay "doorasho la musuq-maasuqay" iyo "faragelin doorashada" ka hor iyo in ka badan intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016 iyo 2020 wuxuuna diiday inuu ballan qaado inuu aqbalo natiijada doorashada 2024. Falanqeeyayaasha New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay tan sida xoojinta "madaxyada aan ku guuleysto; dabo aad khiyaamayso" xeeladaha hadal; Wargeysku waxa uu sheegay in sheegashada doorashada lagu shubtay ay noqotay laf dhabarta ololaha. July 13, 2024, Trump ayaa dhegta lagu toogtay isku day dil oo ka dhacay isu soo bax olole oo ka dhacay magaalada Butler Township, Pennsylvania . Laba maalmood ka dib, Shirweynihii Qaranka ee Jamhuuriga ee 2024 ayaa u magacaabay musharaxa madaxweynenimo. Bishii Sebtembar, waa la bartilmaameedsaday laakiin waxba ma gaarin isku day dil oo Florida ka dhacay . Trump wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii Noofambar 2024 isagoo helay 312 codadka doorashada madaxweyne ku xigeenka Kamala Harris's 226. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku guuleystay codadka caanka ah 49.8% Harris' 48.3%. Guushiisa 2024 waxay qayb ka ahayd dib-u-dhac caalami ah oo ka dhan ah xisbiyada xilka haya, oo qayb weyn ka ah sicir bararka 2021-2023 . Dhowr xarumood ayaa ku tilmaamay dib u doorashadiisa soo laabasho aan caadi ahayn. ==Madaxweynaha labaad (2025- hadda)== [[File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_(2025)_(alternate).jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , waxaa maamula madaxa cadaalada John Roberts , Janaayo 20, 2025]] Trump wuxuu bilaabay markiisa labaad markii uu xilka qabtay Janaayo 20, 2025. Wuxuu noqday shaqsiga ugu da'da weyn ee qabta xilka madaxtinimo , madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee dambi culus lagu soo oogay, iyo qofkii labaad ee laba xilli oo aan isku xigta madaxweyne ka noqdo. Isku daygiisii ​​uu ku doonayay inuu ku balaadhiyo awoodda madaxweynaha iyo iska horimaadyada maxkamadaha ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay sifada qeexaysa xilligiisa labaad. ===Ficilada hore, 2025- hadda=== Markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, Trump waxa uu saxeexay amarro fulineed oo taxane ah . Qaar badan oo kuwan ka mid ah waxay tijaabiyeen awooddiisa sharci, waxayna soo saareen tallaabo sharci oo degdeg ah. Wuxuu soo saaray amaro fulineed ka badan maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne kasta. Afar maalmood oo ka mid ah xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad, falanqaynta uu sameeyay Time waxay ogaatay in ku dhawaad ​​​​saddex-meelood laba meelood ee ficilladiisa fulinta "muraayada ama qayb ahaan muraayadda" soo jeedinta Mashruuca 2025 . Toddobaadyadiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, dhowr ka mid ah ficilladiisa ayaa iska indhatiray ama ku xad-gudbay sharciyada federaalka, qawaaniinta, iyo Dastuurka sida ay qabaan culimada sharciga ee Mareykanka. Bishii ugu horreysay ee maamulkiisa, Trump wuxuu soo saaray sagaashan amar fulineed, qoraallo, iyo awaamiir. Waxa uu u adeegsaday dawladda si uu u beegsado dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda iyo ficilladiisa ka dhanka ah bulshada rayidka ah ayay khubarada sharciga iyo boqollaal saynisyahano siyaasadeed ku tilmaameen mid keli-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Awaamiirtiisa iyo ficilladiisa waxaa ka soo horjeestay in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo dalka oo dhan ah, iyada oo intooda badan ay weli u socdaan maxkamadaha July 2. ===Iskahorimaadyada xiisaha, 2025 - hadda=== Madaxtinimadii labaad ee Trump waxaa lagu tilmaamay in uu leeyahay ilaalin yar oo ka dhan ah iskahorimaadyada danaha marka loo eego kii ugu horreeyay, iyo jabinta tobannaan sano oo xeerarka anshaxa. Waxa uu sii waday shirkad si guud looga ganacsado oo ku taal Trump Media & Technology Group , wuxuuna u kala beddelay adeegyo maaliyadeed. Waxa uu daba galay heshiisyo cusub oo hanti ma guurto ah oo dibadda ah oo ay ku lug leeyihiin hay'ado dawladeed oo xidhiidh la leh, waxana uu lahaa dhawr shirkadood oo calaamadayn iyo shati bixin ah oo uu ku iibinayo badeecooyinka sumadda Trump. Waxa uu ka faa'iideystey xafladaha lagu qabto hoteeladiisa iyo koorsooyinkiisa golf-ka, hantidiisana ma gelin kalsooni indho-la'aan ah, sidii madaxweynayaashii hore ay yeeli jireen. Bishii Agoosto 2025, shaacinta qasabka ah ee Trump ee maalgashiga ayaa muujisay in, tan iyo markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, uu sameeyay 690 iibsasho curaarta degmada iyo saamiyada shirkadaha oo wadartoodu ay dhan tahay ugu yaraan $104 milyan. Waxaa ku jiray saamiyada shirkadaha ay saameeyeen isbeddelada uu ku sameeyay siyaasadaha federaalka. Trump waxa uu meesha ka saaray hab-raacii anshaxa ee maamulkii hore iyo fulinta sharciyada mamnuucaya laaluushka iyada oo aan la samayn hab-raacyo anshaxeed oo rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay dadka loo magacaabayo siyaasadda, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay la soo galeen maamulkiisa "liiska aan caadiga ahayn ee weyn ee isku dhacyada xiisaha leh". Waxa uu meesha ka saaray eedeymihii musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ahaa siyaasiyiintii xiriirka la lahaa isaga wuxuuna joojiyay dhaqangelinta sharciga mamnuucaya in shirkadaha ka shaqeeya Mareykanka ay laaluushaan dowlado shisheeye. Trump wuxuu bilaabay, dallacsiiyay, oo shakhsi ahaan uga faa'iidaystay laba calaamadood oo cryptocurrency ah ("qadaadiicda meme"), $ Trump iyo $ Melania. Waxa kale oo uu si toos ah uga faa'iidaystay qoyskiisa shirkadda cryptocurrency World Liberty Financial , taas oo ku hawlan isku-dhafka aan horay loo arag ee ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay iyo siyaasadda dawladda. Bishii Luulyo 2025, maamulka Trump wuxuu Qatar ka aqbalay $400 milyan diyaarad qaali ah si uu ugu adeego Air Force One ilaa dhamaadka xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad ka dibna loo wareejiyo maktabadiisa madaxtooyada. Dib u habeynta sida Air Force One ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay ku kacayso ilaa $1 bilyan. ===Joojinta guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka=== Trump wuxuu ka hirgaliyay shaqo joojinta guud ahaan dowladda federaalka wuxuuna amray in shaqada teleefoonka shaqaalaha federaalka lagu joojiyo 30 maalmood gudahood. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in dib u eegis lagu sameeyo jagooyin badan oo shaqaale rayid ah oo xirfadeed iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in dib loogu kala saaro boosaska la rabo iyada oo aan lahayn ilaalin shaqo. Waxa uu bilaabay joojinta shaqada guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka, oo ay ku tilmaameen khabiirada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag ama ku xad-gudbay sharciga federaalka, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo shaqaale si aad ah ula socda ajendihiisa. Dabayaaqadii Febraayo, maamulku waxa uu shaqada ka eryay in ka badan 30,000 oo qof. Si loo fududeeyo joojinta dheeraadka ah, waxay qaadatay tarjumaad sharci oo cusub oo si weyn u ballaarinaysa qaybaha iyo wakaaladaha loo arko inay haystaan ​​​​ammaanka qaranka shaqadooda aasaasiga ah, oo ku dhawaaqaya ururada shaqaalaha federaalka ee kala duwan "cadow". Amarka fulinta dabayaaqadii March ee ku salaysan tarjumaaddan ayaa ka saaray daraasiin waaxyo iyo wakaaladaha barnaamijyada xiriirka maamulka shaqada ee federaalka , taasoo ku kaliftay inay dacweeyaan si ay u buriyaan heshiisyadooda gorgortanka wadareed , kaas oo ka saari kara ilaalinta ururka hal milyan oo shaqaale federaal ah. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in la joojiyo kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) mashaariicda dawladda federaalka wuxuuna ku meeleeyay shaqaalaha xafiisyada DEI fasax. Waxa uu buriyay Amarka Fulinta ee Lyndon B. Johnson ee 1965 ee 11246 , kaas oo amrayay in qandaraaslayaasha federaalku ay qaadaan tallaabo cad oo lagu joojinayo takoorka jinsiyadeed. Waxtarka Trump iyo Elon Musk 's Department of Government waxay si weyn u burburiyeen dhowr hay'adood oo federaal ah oo ay ku jiraan USAID iyo Waaxda Waxbarashada , iyagoo keli ah shaqada ka eryay dhowr kun oo shaqaale ah, waxayna hoos u dhigtay hawlaha maamulka ilaa ugu yaraan sharci. Ficilada qaar, sida isku dayga lagu burburinayo Xafiiska Ilaalinta Maaliyadeed ee Macmiilka , waxaa hakiyay maxkamadaha federaalka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisu waxay isku dayeen inay keenaan hay'ado madax-bannaan oo taariikhi ah oo hoos yimaada laanta fulinta oo si toos ah u hoos timaada qaabab yar. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga, 2025- hadda=== Sida madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horeysay, Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u hareer maray Xafiiska Xeer Ilaaliyaha Cafiska . Waxa uu ku rakibay siyaasad daacad ah Ed Martin kaas oo ku tilmaamay sababta cafis loo bixiyo "Ma jiro MAGA ka tagay". Cafiskii Trump iyo deeqaha naxariista waxay door bideen xulafada siyaasadeed iyo kuwa daacadda u ah, oo si aan loo kala sooc lahayn loo cafiyay "kuwa xoogga badan, caanka ah, si fiican ugu xiran iyo maalqabeenada" ee lagu eedeeyay dambiyada cadaanka ah. Trump waxa uu cafis u fidiyay dhammaan 6-dii January rabshadihii lagu xukumay ama lagu soo oogay maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee xafiiska, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa si xun u weeraray booliiska, isaga oo cafiyay in ka badan 1,500 oo uu cafiyay xukunnada 14. ===Siyaasadda gudaha, 2025- hadda=== Trump wuxuu ka dhaxlay dhaqaale adkeysi leh maamulka Biden, kobaca dhaqaalaha, shaqo la'aanta yar, iyo sicir bararka hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu ku amray wakaaladaha in ay joojiyaan dhaqan gelinta xeerarka aan la jeclayn iyaga oo isku dayaya in si weyn loo xakameeyo taasoo khubarada sharcigu ay ku tilmaameen sharci-darro iyo lid ku ah tobanaan sano ee sharciga federaalka. Waxa uu raadiyay in dawladdu ay maamusho ganacsiyo gaar ah oo uu ka tago dhaqanka suuqa xorta ah ee muxaafidka ah , halkii uu doorbidi lahaa hanti-wadaaga dawladda isaga oo si toos ah u qaadanaya saamiga dawladda ee sinnaanta shirkadaha waaweyn ee Maraykanka. Trump wuxuu joojiyay oo joojiyay deeqihii federaalka wuxuuna sameeyay dhimis ballaaran oo cilmi baaris ah, kuwaas oo dhowr ka mid ah ay heleen garsoorayaasha iyo Xafiiska Xisaabtanka ee Dowladda inay yihiin sharci darro iyo dastuuri. Waxa uu kor u qaaday diidmada isbeddelka cimilada iyo macluumaadka khaldan, oo u magacaabay saliidda, gaasta, iyo kiimikooyinka u ololeeya EPA si ay u beddelaan xeerarka cimilada iyo xakamaynta wasakhowga. Trump wuxuu ku tiirsanaa ku dhawaaqida xaaladaha degdegga ah ee qaranka si uu u caddeeyo boqollaal ficil oo uu ka gudbo ansixinta kongareeska ama dib u eegista sharciga. Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo tamarta qaranka ah, taasoo u oggolaanaysa joojinta xeerarka deegaanka, dabcinta sharciyada soo saarista shidaalka iyo xaddididda mashaariicda tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo. Waxa uu bilaabay dib-u-eegis ku saabsan "sharciga iyo sii socoshada ku-dhaqanka" ee raadinta khatarta EPA , taas oo ah saldhigga ugu badan ee xeerarka federaalka ee gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo, oo mar kale ka baxay US Heshiiskii Paris ee isbedelka cimilada. Burburinta hay'adaha dawladda ee fulinaya sharciyada ka dhanka ah musuqmaasuqa siyaasadeed iyo khiyaanada cad, Trump wuxuu hoos u dhigay Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Waaxda Cadaaladda Dadweynaha 30 ilaa shan qareen, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay 17 kormeerayaal madax -bannaan oo ka tirsan hay'adaha dawladda iyo 12 xubnood oo ka tirsan hay'adaha kormeerka madax-bannaan ee 7 iyo kormeerayaasha Xafiiska FBI-da ee Washington oo baaray eedeymaha musuqmaasuqa iyo musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ah saraakiisha dowladda iyo xubnaha Congress-ka. Wuxuu cafiyay ama laalay eedeymaha ka dhanka ah saraakiisha lagu eedeeyay musuqmaasuq. Trump wuxuu u aaneeyay dhibaatooyinka bulshada kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) hindisayaasha iyo baraarugga . Isbarbardhigga kala duwanaanshaha iyo karti-darrada, wuxuu beddelay siyaasadihii kala-duwanaanshaha ee dawladda federaalka. Waxa uu damcay in uu dib ugu sameeyo bulshada rayidka ah dookhiisa amarka fulinta. On DEI iyo nacaybka nacaybka, wuxuu u hanjabay hay'adaha dhaqanka iyo lixdan jaamacadood, wuxuuna ku qasbay shirkadaha sharciga inay u hoggaansamaan ajandihiisa siyaasadeed. Trump ayaa balaariyay adeegsiga gudaha ee ciidamada wuxuuna amray in la geeyo magaalooyin dhowr ah oo xisbiga Dimuquraadiga uu hogaamiyo , wuxuuna ku hanjabay inuu sii balaarin doono howlgalladiisa. ===Siyaasadaha ka-hortagga LGBTQ+=== Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadii labaad, Trump wuxuu bilaabay olole dagaal oo ka dhan ah LGBTQ + iyo gaar ahaan siyaasadaha ka-hortagga jinsiga ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba, oo maamulkiisu u soo bandhigay sidii wax looga qaban lahaa " fikirka jinsiga ". Siyaasadahan waxay doonayeen inay baabi'iyaan aqoonsiga federaalka ee dadka transgender-ka ah, ka xayuubinta dadka transgender ilaalinta sharciga iyo in laga tirtiro aqoonsiga trans ee nolosha guud. Iyadoo loo marayo amarro fulineed oo isdaba-joog ah iyo ficilo kale, maamulkiisu wuxuu si adag u qeexay jinsiga si adag bayoolooji dhalashada, laga mamnuucay dadka ka soo jeeda milatariga, xaddidan ama la daboolay daryeelka caafimaadka jinsiga, oo ka soo horjeeda luqadda loo dhan yahay , cilmi-baaris iyo agab waxbarasho oo faafreeb ah, iyo bartilmaameedyada dugsiyada, jaamacadaha, iyo xarumaha fikradda. Tallaabooyin dheeri ah ayaa ka mamnuucay ciyaartooyda transgender-ka ciyaaraha, helitaanka baasaboor xaddidan, waxayna sii hurisay dadaallada caalamiga ah ee lagu wiiqayo xuquuqda trans. Waxaa weheliya hadallo muujinaya dadka ka beddelka jinsiga inay yihiin khatar bulsho, siyaasadahani waxay kiciyeen caqabado sharciyeed oo baahsan, cambaarayn ka timid kooxaha xuquuqul insaanka, iyo kor u kaca socdaalka iyo sheegashooyinka magangelyo ee ay qabaan dadka isku jinsiga ah ee Maraykanka ah ===Hal Xeer Bill Qurux Badan=== Bishii Luulyo 2025, Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Sharcigu waxa uu ka dhigay dhimista cashuurta cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada 2017 mid joogto ah waxana uu ku daray cashuur dhimis dheeraad ah oo dhan ku dhawaad ​​$4.5 trillion, inta badan ka faa’iidaysanaysa dakhliga ugu sarreeya oo dadka ku kaca dakhliga ugu hooseeya $1,600 sanadkii; kordhinta dhaqaalaha difaaca qaranka, masaafurinta, darbiga xuduudka, iyo gaashaanka gantaalaha; lagana saaray cashuurtii laga qaadi lahaa mashaariicda tamarta nadiifka ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo ilaha tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo sida dabaysha iyo tamarta cadceedda iyo kuwa iibsada baabuurta korontada. Sharcigu wuxuu jaray maalgelinta Medicaid iyo SNAP wuxuuna ku daray shuruudo shaqo oo dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay u-qalmitaanka iyo $35 lacag-bixineed ee adeegyada Medicaid qaarkood; dhimista iyo shuruudaha dheeraadka ah ayaa dhaqan galaya ka dib doorashada guud ee 2026. Sharciga waxaa saadaaliyay Xafiiska Miisaaniyadda Kongareeska inuu ku kordhiyo dhimista miisaaniyada $3.4 trillion marka la gaaro 2034, sababa 11.8 milyan oo qof inay lumiyaan caymiska Medicaid, iyo meesha laga saaro dheefaha SNAP ee seddex milyan oo qof. ===Socdaalka, 2025- hadda=== Maalmihiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump waxa uu ku amray ilaalada xuduudaha in ay si kooban u tarxiilaan soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee ka soo gudbaya xadka, isaga oo curyaamiyay barnaamijka CBP One ee loo isticmaalay in lagu jadwaleeyo xuduudaha. Waxa uu dib u bilaabay hadhaagii siyaasadda Mexico , waxa uu kooxaha daroogada u magacaabay kooxo argagixiso ah, waxana uu amray in dib loo bilaabo dhismaha darbiga xuduudka. Hawlgallada masaafurinta ayaa marka hore diiradda saaray "liiska bartilmaameedka" ee dambiilayaasha la sameeyay ka hor xilliga labaad ee Trump. Kadibna maamulkiisu wuxuu meesha ka saaray magangelyo codsadayaasha ku guul daraystay inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha, waxay laashay xaaladda sii-daynta sharafeed ee muhaajiriinta ku soo galay US iyadoo la raacayo CBP One iyo CHNV sii-daynta sharafeed bini'aadantinimo, waxay isku dayeen inay ka saaraan dhalashada dhalashada , waxayna hakiyeen Barnaamijka Ogolaanshaha Qaxootiga . Bishii Maarso, wuxuu u adeegsaday Xeerka Cadawga Shisheeyaha ee 1798 si uu u xidho muhaajiriinta sharci darrada ah maxkamad la'aan -mid ka mid ah "khalad maamul" iyo inta badan iyada oo aan lahayn diiwaannada dambiyada -Xarunta Xakamaynta Argagaxisada ee El Salvador. Wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha , muhaajiriinta sharciga ah, dalxiisayaasha, iyo ardayda fiisaha leh kuwaas oo muujiyay dhaleeceynta siyaasaddiisa ama u doodista Falastiiniyiinta. Dhowr muwaadiniin Maraykan ah ayaa la xidhay oo la tarxiilay . ===Siyaasadda Dibadda, 2025- hadda=== Muddadii labaad ee Trump siyaasaddiisa arrimaha dibadda waxaa siyaabo kala duwan loogu sifeeyay Imperialist , balaarin , go'doomiye , iyo autarkist , iyadoo adeegsanaysa fikradda " America First " oo ah asaaskeeda. Maamulkiisu wuxuu door biday awood adag si uu u gaaro yoolalka siyaasadda dibadda, wuxuuna burburiyay ama ka laabtay taageerada ururada gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee u heellan horumarinta awoodda jilicsan ee Maraykanka . Dhaqdhaqaaqyada ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay hoos u dhigayaan saamaynta Maraykanka ee caalamiga ah iyo abuurista bannaan ay buuxiyeen Ruushka iyo Shiinaha . Xidhiidhka Trump ee xulafada waxa uu ahaa macaamil ganacsi oo u dhexeeyay danayn la'aan ilaa cadaawad, oo ay ku jiraan hanjabaad ku darida. Bishii Febraayo 2025, Trump iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka Vance waxay ku dhaleeceeyeen madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy kulan muran badan dhaliyay oo telefishinka laga sii daayay. Warbaahinta ayaa ku tilmaantay iska hor imaad aan hore loo arag oo dhex maray madaxweyne Maraykan ah iyo madax ajnabi ah . Trump iyo maamulkiisa imaan doona ayaa gacan ka geystay dhexdhexaadinta xabbad joojinta dagaalka Gaza oo ay weheliyaan maamulka Biden, oo la dhaqan galiyay maalin ka hor caleema saarkiisa. Bishii Maarso, Israa'iil waxay jebisay xabbad-joojintii . Siyaasadaha dhaqaalaha ee Trump ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo ilaalinaya , iyadoo Trump uu ku soo rogay canshuuraha dalalka intooda badan, oo ay ku jiraan canshuuraha waaweyn ee la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga ee Shiinaha, Canada, iyo Mexico. Wuxuu bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo caalami ah , isagoo ku soo rogay canshuuro heerkii ugu sarreeyay tan iyo 1930kii Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act ee bilawga diiqada weyn . Dhaqaale-yahannadu waxay ku doodeen in maamulku uu si khaldan u fahmay xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhimista ganacsiga iyo canshuuraha, iyaga oo isticmaalaya fikrado khaldan. Narendra Modi ayaa ka falceliyay 50 boqolkiiba tacriifta Trump ee soo dejinta Hindiya isaga oo sii xoojinaya xiriirka Shiinaha. Wuxuu hakiyay tabarucaadkii dhaqaale ee Maraykanku siin jiray Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka . ===Garsoorka, 2025 – hadda=== Garsoorayaasha federaalku waxay u arkeen qaar badan oo ka mid ah falalka maamulka inay yihiin sharci-darro. Ka dib dib-u-dhac xagga sharciga ah, Trump wuxuu kordhiyey dhaleeceynta garsoorka wuxuuna ku baaqay in la soo oogo garsoorayaasha federaalka ee isaga ka soo horjeeday. Wuxu u hanjabay, saxeexay tallaabooyinka fulinta, waxaanu amray in baadhitaan lagu sameeyo dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda, dhaleecaynta, iyo ururrada la safan Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga. Bartamihii Luulyo, falanqaynta Washington Post waxay ogaatay inuu ka soo horjeestay garsoorayaasha iyo maxkamadaha qiyaastii saddex meelood meel dhammaan kiisaska isaga ka dhanka ah, falalka ay ku tilmaameen khubarada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag maamul kasta oo madaxweyne ah. ( 654 ) Diidmada amarada maxkamada iyo sheegashadiisa xaq u lahaanshaha maxkamadaha waxay cabsi galisay khubarada sharciga qalalaasaha dastuuriga ah . Falanqaynta badan oo ay sameeyeen aqoonyahanno akadeemiyadeed iyo The New York Times waxay ogaadeen in labada garsoore ee Jamhuuriga iyo Dimuqraadigu ay heleen cillado badan oo dastuuri ah iyo qaanuuneed oo leh siyaasadaha maamulka Trump. Maamulkiisu wuxuu caddeeyey xuquuq dastuuri ah oo ah inuu iska indhatiro sharciga federaalka isagoo sabab uga dhigaya dhowr tallaabo sida diidmadiisa inuu dhaqan geliyo mamnuucista federaalka ee TikTok , iyada oo khubarada sharciga ay ku tilmaameen inay tahay "awood dastuuri ah oo lagu tallaalayo dhinacyada gaarka ah inay ku kacaan falal kale oo sharci darro ah iyada oo aan la ciqaabin". Waxa kale oo uu ku hawlanaa beegsiga aan hore loo arag ee shirkadaha sharciga iyo qareennada oo hore u matalay jagooyin lid ku ah naftiisa. ==Dhaqan siyaasadeed iyo hadal-hayn== Laga soo bilaabo ololihiisii ​​2016, siyaasadda Trump iyo hadal-hayntiisa ayaa horseeday abuuritaanka dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo loo yaqaan Trumpism. Mawqifkiisa siyaasadeed waa populist ,oo si gaar ah loogu tilmaamay populist garabka midig . Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inuu aqbalay xag-jirnimada midigta-fog , wuxuuna ka caawiyay inuu keeno fikradaha iyo ururrada midigta fog ee guud ahaan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisa iyo hadalladiisa ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Trump waxa uu ku riixay balaadhinta awoodda madaxweynanimada iyada oo la raacayo tafsiir maxalli ah oo ku saabsan aragtida fulinta midaysan . Saldhiggiisa siyaasadeed waxa la barbar dhigay cibaadaysi shakhsiyeed . Hadalka Trump iyo ficilkiisa ayaa lagu eedeeyay in uu abuuray oo uu uga sii daray cadhada iyo kalsooni darada iyada oo la adeegsanayo sheeko "annaga" iyo "iyaga" . Wuxuu si cad oo joogto ah u dhaleeceeyaa jinsiyadda, diinta, iyo qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay, iyo culimadu waxay si joogto ah u ogaadaan in nacaybka jinsiyadeed ee ku saabsan madowga, soogalootiga, iyo Muslimiinta ay yihiin saadaalinta ugu fiican ee taageerada Trump. Hadaladiisa waxa lagu tilmaamay in uu isticmaalay cabsi-cabsi iyo maangaabnimo taas oo sii xoogaysatay ololihiisii ​​madaxtinimada ee 2024 . Wuxuu sheegay inuu rumaysan yahay in awoodda dhabta ahi ay ka timaad cabsi. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Alt-right ayaa isku duubay oo taageeray musharaxnimadiisa, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay qayb ka mid ah diidmada dhaqamada kala duwan iyo socdaalka . Waxa uu leeyahay rafcaan xooggan oo loogu talagalay codbixiyayaasha Masiixiyiinta ah ee wacdiya iyo waddaniyiinta Masiixiyiinta ah , iyo dibad-baxyadiisa waxay qaataan calaamadaha, odhaahda, iyo ajandaha waddaniyadda Masiixiyiinta. Trump waxa uu sidoo kale u adeegsaday shuuci ka soo horjeeda hadaladiisa, isaga oo si joogta ah ugu yeeraya kuwa ka soo horjeeda " Communists " iyo " Marxists ===Aragtida jinsiyadeed iyo jinsiga=== Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinka iyo ficillada Trump ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsurinimo. Ra'yi ururin qaran oo 2018 ah, qiyaastii kala badh ka mid ah jawaab bixiyaasha ayaa sheegay inuu yahay cunsuri; in badan oo ka mid ah waxay aaminsanaayeen in uu ku dhiirraday cunsuriyiinta. Dhowr daraasadood iyo sahanno ayaa lagu ogaaday in dabeecadaha cunsuriyadu ay kiciyeen siyaasadiisa siyaasadeed oo ay aad uga muhiimsan yihiin arrimaha dhaqaalaha ee lagu go'aaminayo daacadnimada codbixiyayaasha Trump. Dabeecadaha cunsuriyiinta iyo Islaam nacaybka ayaa ah tilmaamo xooggan oo muujinaya taageerada Trump. Waxaa lagu eedeeyay cunsurinimo isagoo ku adkeystay koox ka kooban shan dhalinyaro madow iyo Latino ah inay kufsadeen haweeney caddaan ah kiiska 1989 Central Park jogger , xitaa ka dib markii laga saaray 2002. Sannadkii 2011-kii, Trump waxa uu noqday hoggaamiyihii hormoodka u ahaa fikradda shirqoolka cunsuriga ah ee "dhalasho" ee ah in Barack Obama, madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee madow ee Mareykanka, uusan ku dhalan Mareykanka. Waxa uu ku andacooday in uu ku cadaadiyay dawladda in ay daabacdo warqadda dhalashada Obama, taas oo uu u arkay in ay tahay khiyaano. Waxa uu qiray in Obama uu ku dhashay Maraykanka bishii Sebtembar 2016, inkasta oo la sheegay in uu si gaar ah u muujiyay aragtida dhalashada ee 2017. Intii lagu jiray ololihii doorashada 2024, wuxuu sameeyay weeraro been abuur ah oo ka dhan ah aqoonsiga jinsiyadeed ee ka soo horjeeda, Kamala Harris, kaas oo lagu tilmaamay inay xasuusinayaan fikradda shirqoolka dhalashada. Ololihiisii ​​2024 waxa uu si weyn u adeegsaday luqadda bini'aadantinimada ka-hortagga ah iyo fikradaha jinsiyadeed . Sannadkii 2025, wuxuu kor u qaaday sheegashooyinka beenta ah ee xasuuqa cadaanka ah ee Koonfur Afrika wuxuuna abuuray barnaamijka qaxootiga ee Koonfur Afrika . Trump ayaa caado u ah inuu dumarka xaqiro marka uu la hadlayo warbaahinta iyo baraha bulshada. Wuxuu sameeyay faallooyin xunxun, wuxuu naqdiyay muuqaalka dumarka, wuxuuna u tixraacay iyaga oo isticmaalaya ereyo sharaf leh. Laga bilaabo 2020, 26 dumar ah ayaa si fagaare ah ugu eedeeyay anshax-xumo galmo , oo ay ku jiraan kufsi, dhunkasho ogolaansho la'aan, xoqid, fiirinta goonnada haweenka hoostooda, iyo ku lugaynta tartamayaasha qaan-gaarka ee qaawan. Eedeymahaas wuu diiday. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, 2005 " murafoon kulul " ayaa soo baxay isaga oo ku faanaya dhunkashada iyo dhunkashada haweenka iyaga oo aan raalli ka ahayn, isaga oo leh, "Markaad xiddig tahay, waxay kuu oggolaadaan inaad sameyso. Wax kasta waad sameyn kartaa ... Ku qabo feerka . " Waxa uu faallooyinka ku tilmaamay "hadal-qol-badel". Dhacdadan oo si baahsan u soo bandhigtay warbaahinta ayaa keentay raaligelintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee dadweynaha, oo la duubay intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxweynaha 2016. ===Isku xirka rabshadaha iyo dembiyada nacaybka=== Trump ayaa loo aqoonsaday in uu fure u yahay kordhinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee Mareykanka, isaga oo ka dhan ah iyo mid ka dhan ah. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu ku qanacsan yahay xagjirnimada, aragtiyaha shirqoolka sida Q-Anon , iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada xagjirka ah ee midigta fog ilaa xad ka weyn madaxweyne kasta oo Maraykan ah oo casri ah, iyo ku lug lahaanshaha argagixisannimada stochastic . Cilmi-baaristu waxay soo jeedinaysaa in hadalka Trump uu la xiriiro kororka dhacdooyinka dembiyada nacaybka, iyo in uu leeyahay saameyn xoog leh oo ku saabsan muujinta dabeecadaha nacaybka ah sababtoo ah sida caadiga ah ee ereyada jinsiyadeed ee cad. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2016, wuxuu ku booriyay ama ammaanay weerarrada jireed ee ka dhanka ah dibad-baxayaasha ama wariyeyaasha. Eedeysaneyaal badan oo lagu baaray ama lagu soo oogay falal rabshado wata iyo dambiyada nacaybka ayaa soo xigtay hadalladiisa isagoo ku doodaya inaysan ahayn dambiile ama ay tahay inay helaan dabacsanaan. Dib u eegis dalka oo dhan ay samaysay ABC News bishii Maajo 2020 ayaa lagu aqoonsaday ugu yaraan 54 kiis oo danbi ah, laga bilaabo Agoosto 2015 ilaa Abriil 2020, kaas oo loogu yeedhay xidhiidh toos ah oo rabshado ama hanjabaado rabshado ah oo inta badan ay geystaan ​​ragga cadaanka ah iyo ugu horrayn ka dhanka ah dadka laga tirada badan yahay. Diidmada Trump ee ah in uu cambaareeyo kooxda cadaanka ah ee Proud Boys intii lagu jiray dooddii madaxweynenimada ee 2020 iyo faallooyinkiisii, "Wiilasha sharafta leh, istaaga oo garab istaaga", ayaa la sheegay in ay keentay in la kordhiyo shaqaaleysiinta kooxda Trump. Cilmi-baarayaasha la-dagaalanka argagixisanimada ayaa ku tilmaamay taariikhdiisa caadiga ah iyo dib-u-eegistiisa ee Janaayo 6 weerarkii Capitol, iyo bixinta naxariista dhammaan Janaayo 6 rabshad-wadayaasha , sida dhiirigelinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee mustaqbalka. ===Aragtiyo shirqool=== Tan iyo ka hor madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu kor u qaaday fikrado badan oo shirqool ah, oo ay ku jiraan Obama "dhalashada", diidmada isbedelka cimilada , iyo faragelinta Ukraine ee lagu eedeeyay doorashadii Mareykanka . Kadib doorashadii madaxweynaha ee 2020, wuxuu kor u qaaday fikradaha shirqoolka ee guuldaradiisa kuwaas oo lagu sifeeyay " beenta weyn ===Hadalo been ah ama marin habaabin ah=== [[File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png|thumb|Xaqiiq-baarayaasha ka socda Washington Ku dhaji , Toronto Star , iyo CNN waxay soo ururiyeen xog ku saabsan "dacwooyin been ah ama marin-habaabin ah" (asalka orange) iyo "sheegashada beenta ah" (violet foreground).]] Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u sheegaa hadalo been abuur ah oo uu ku jiro hadalo fagaare ah, ilaa xad aan horay loo arag siyaasada Mareykanka . Beentiisu waa qayb gaar ah oo ka mid ah aqoonsigiisa siyaasadeed waxaana lagu tilmaamay inay tahay dab-damis . Hadaladiisa beenta ah iyo marin habaabinta ah waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin-hubi , oo ay ku jiraan The Washington Post , kaas oo 30,573 been abuur ah ama been abuur ah oo uu sameeyay intii lagu jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horreeyay, oo sii kordhaya waqti ka dib. Qaar ka mid ah been-abuurka Trump waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan faa'iido lahayn, halka kuwa kalena ay lahaayeen saameyn aad u fog, sida dhiirrigelintiisa aan la hubin ee dawooyinka ka hortagga duumada sida daaweynta COVID-19, taasoo keentay yaraanta Maraykanka ee daawooyinkan iyo iibsashada argagaxa ee Afrika iyo Koonfurta Aasiya. Macluumaad kale oo khaldan, sida si khaldan loogu sheegay kororka dambiyada England iyo Wales "fidinta argagixisada xagjirka ah", waxay u adeegtay ujeedooyinkiisa siyaasadeed ee gudaha. Weeraradiisa waraaqaha waraaqaha boostada iyo dhaqamada kale ee doorashada ayaa wiiqay kalsoonida dadweynaha ee hufnaanta doorashada madaxweynaha 2020, halka xog-warrankiisa ku saabsan masiibada uu dib u dhigay oo uu wiiqay jawaabta qaranka ee ku wajahan. Caadiyan kama cudur daarato beentiisa. Ilaa 2018, warbaahintu marar dhif ah ayay beentiisa ugu yeertay been, oo ay ku jirto markii uu ku celceliyay hadallo been abuur ah. ===Baraha bulshada=== Joogitaanka baraha bulshada ee Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha caalamka kadib markii uu ku biiray Twitter-ka sanadkii 2009. Waxa uu si isdaba joog ah u soo dhigayay ololihiisii ​​2016-kii iyo intii uu madaxweyne ahaa ilaa Twitter-ka uu mamnuucay ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo. Wuxuu inta badan isticmaali jiray Twitter si uu si toos ah ula xiriiro dadweynaha oo uu u leexiyo saxaafadda; ee 2017, xoghayntiisa saxaafadda ayaa sheegay in tweets- kiisa uu ka kooban yahay bayaannada rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2024 iyo madaxweynanimada labaad wuxuu si joogta ah u dhajiyay waxyaabo AI-soo saaray naftiisa sida astaanta dhaqanka pop-ka ama muhaajiriinta ku jeesjeesa. Ka dib sanado badan oo dhaleecayn ah oo loogu ogolaaday Trump in uu ku dhejiyo macluumaad khaldan iyo been abuur, Twitter ayaa bilaabay in uu ku dhejiyo qaar ka mid ah tweetskiisa hubinta xaqiiqda May 2020. Isagoo ka jawaabaya, wuxuu sheegay in shabakadaha warbaahinta bulshada "gebi ahaanba aamusin" muxaafidka oo uu "si adag u xakameyn doono, ama xidhi doono". Kadib weerarkii Janaayo 6, waxaa laga mamnuucay Facebook , Instagram , Twitter, iyo aalado kale. Luminta joogitaankiisa warbaahinta bulshada ayaa hoos u dhigtay awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu qaabeeyo dhacdooyinka oo la xidhiidha hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid mugga macluumaadka khaldan ee Twitter. Bishii Feebaraayo 2022, waxa uu bilaabay bar-kulanka bulshada ee Truth Social halkaas oo uu ku soo jiitay qayb ka mid ah Twitterkiisa. Elon Musk , ka dib markii uu helay Twitter , wuxuu dib u soo celiyay akoonkiisa Twitter bishii Noofambar 2022. Mamnuucidda labada sano ee Meta Platforms ayaa dhacay Janaayo 2023, taas oo u ogolaatay inuu ku laabto Facebook iyo Instagram. ===Xiriirka saxaafadda=== [[File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg|thumb|Isagoo saxaafadda la hadlaya, March 2017]] Trump waxa uu raadiyay dareenka warbaahinta intii uu ku jiray xirfadiisa, isaga oo ilaalinaya xidhiidhka "jacaylka iyo nacaybka" ee uu la leeyahay saxaafadda. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ka faa'iideystey qaddarka rikoorka ah ee warbaahinta xorta ah, oo lagu qiyaasay $ 2 bilyan. Musharrax ahaan iyo madaxweyne ahaan, wuxuu si joogta ah ugu eedeeyay saxaafadda eexda, isaga oo ku tilmaamay "warbaahinta wararka been abuurka ah" iyo " cadowga dadka ". Madaxtinimadii ugu horreysay ee Trump ayaa hoos u dhigtay war-bixinnada rasmiga ah ee saxaafadda ee boqolkii 2017 ilaa kala badh taas 2018 iyo laba 2019; waxa ay sidoo kale kala noqdeen sharcigii saxaafadeed ee laba wariye oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo ay maxkamaduhu dib u soo celiyeen. Trump's 2020 ol'olihii madaxtinimo wuxuu dacweeyay New York Times , Washington Post , iyo CNN ka dib markii uu aflagaadeeyay qaybo ra'yi ah oo ku saabsan mawqifkiisa faragelinta doorashada Ruushka. Dhammaan dacwadihii waa la diiday. Sannadkii 2024, Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u muujiyay taageerada uu ku mamnuucayo diidmada siyaasadeed iyo dhaleeceynta, wuxuuna sheegay in weriyeyaasha waa in lagu dacweeyaa si aanay u sheegin ilo qarsoodi ah iyo shirkadaha warbaahintu waa inay suurtogal tahay inay lumiyaan shatiyadooda baahinta wararka aan fiicnayn ee isaga. Markii dib loo doortay, Trump wuxuu bilaabay dacwooyin wuxuuna abuuray liis madow oo ka dhan ah warbaahinta qaar, wuxuuna la wareegay nidaamka ay wadaan ururka saxafiyiinta Aqalka Cad si uu u doorto xarumaha ay galaangal u leeyihiin. Halkii loo hoggaansami lahaa amarka maxkamadda ee lagu soo celin lahaa gelitaanka Associated Press , Aqalka Cad wuxuu sameeyay siyaasad xaddidan oo la heli karo dhammaan adeegyada siligga. Guddiga Isgaarsiinta Federaalka ayaa bilaabay baaritaanno lagu sameeyo xarumaha warbaahinta ee lagu eedeeyay eex isaga ka dhan ah. Natiijadii hanjabaadda Trump, madaxda warbaahinta waxay ku amreen saxafiyiinta iyo shaqaalahooda inay is-faafreebaan oo ay yareeyaan dhaleeceynta Trump, iyo CBS waxay isku raaceen inay abuuraan Ombudsman si ay ula socdaan kanaalada wararka si ay xididdada ugu siibaan "eex" CBS News. Bishii Luulyo 2025, wuxuu dacweeyay wargeyska Wall Street Journal daabacaadda sheeko la xiriirta saaxiibtinimadiisii ​​hore ee dembiilaha galmada ee Jeffrey Epstein , taasoo calaamad u ah markii ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne fadhiya uu dacweeyo urur warbaahineed eedeymo sumcad dil ah. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== ===Qoyska=== 1977, Trump wuxuu guursaday Ivana Zelníčková . Waxay lahaayeen saddex carruur ah: Donald Jr. (b. 1977), Ivanka (b. 1981), iyo Eric (b. 1984). Lammaanaha ayaa is furay 1990-kii, ka dib markii uu xiriir la yeeshay moodelka iyo atariishada Marla Maples . Isaga iyo Maples waxay guursadeen 1993 waxayna is fureen 1999. Waxay leeyihiin hal gabadh, Tiffany (b. 1993), oo Maples ku kortay California. Sannadkii 2005, wuxuu guursaday moodelka Slovenia Melania Knauss . Waxay leeyihiin hal wiil, Barron (b. 2006). ===Xiriirka Jeffrey Epstein=== Trump waxa uu saaxiibtimo 15 sano ah la lahaa Jeffrey Epstein ; Dadkii markaas yaqaannay waxay sheegeen inay si joogta ah u garaaci jireen oo ay u tartami jireen dumarka. Dareenka warbaahinta iyo cadaadiska dadweynaha ayaa kordhay 2025, markii maamulkiisu uusan sii dayn faylasha la xidhiidha Epstein , inkastoo Trump uu ballanqaaday inuu sidaas samaynayo intii lagu jiray ololaha 2024. ===Caafimaadka=== Trump waxa uu sheegay in aanu waligii cabbin khamri, sigaar cabin, ama aanu isticmaalin daroogo. Wuxuu seexdaa qiyaastii afar ama shan saacadood habeenkii. Waxa uu golfing ugu yeedhay "qaabka jimicsiga aasaasiga ah", laakiin inta badan ma socdo koorsada. Wuxuu u arkaa jimicsigu inuu yahay tamar tamar sababtoo ah wuxuu aaminsan yahay in jirku yahay "sida batteriga oo kale, oo leh qadar xaddidan oo tamar ah", kaas oo lagu dhammeeyo jimicsiga. Sannadkii 2015, ololahiisu wuxuu sii daayay warqad ka timid dhakhtarkiisii ​​gaarka ahaa ee Harold Bornstein , isagoo sheegay inuu " noqon doono shakhsiga ugu caafimaadka badan ee abid loo doorto madaxweynaha". Sannadkii 2018, Bornstein wuxuu sheegay in Trump uu amar ku bixiyay nuxurka warqadda iyo in saddex ka mid ah wakiillada Trump ay qabsadeen diiwaankiisa caafimaad bishii Febraayo 2017 ee xafiiska Bornstein. ===Diinta=== Trump wuxuu sheegay 2016 inuu ahaa Presbyterian iyo Protestant . Sannadkii 2020, wuxuu sheegay inuu yahay Masiixi aan diin-nabi ahayn . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar badan ayaa su'aal ka keenay qoto dheeraanta xiriirka diimeed. Baadhitaan la sameeyay intii lagu guda jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee Trump (2017-2021) ayaa muujisay in boqolkiiba 63 dadka Maraykanku aanay rumaysnayn in uu diin yahay, inkasta oo uu aaminsan yahay in uu Masiixi yahay, boqolkiiba 44 oo keliya dadka Maraykanka ah ayaa aaminsan in Trump uu yahay Masiixi. Qaar ka mid ah faallooyinka Trump ee Kitaabka Qudduuska ah ama dhaqanka Masiixiga ayaa horseeday in dadka indha indheeya ay soo jeediyaan in aqoonta uu u leeyahay Masiixiyadda ay tahay mid maqaar-saar ah ama khalad ah, qaar yar oo taariikh-nololeed ah ayaa ku tilmaamay Trump mid qoto dheer ama xitaa diineed. Waqtigiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu u magacaabay wadaadkiisa gaarka ah iyo lataliyaha ruuxiga ah, milyaneer teleefaanjiste Paula White-Cain , Xafiiska Xiriirka Dadweynaha ee Aqalka Cad . Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad, wuxuu u magacaabay lataliyeheeda sare Xafiiska cusub ee rumaysadka ee Aqalka Cad . ==Qiimaynta== ===Sawirka dadweynaha=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee Trump, laga bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2020, qiimeynta oggolaanshaha caalamiga ah ee hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos uga dhacday 22 boqolkiiba ra'yi ururin Gallup ee 134 waddan ilaa 16 boqolkiiba - oo ka hooseeya Shiinaha Xi Jinping iyo Vladimir Putin ee Ruushka - ee Pew Research ra'yi ee 13 waddan. Sannadka 2017, qiyaasta hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos u dhacday inta badan xulafada. Gudaha, xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu lahaa taageerada ugu weyn ee xisbiyada: 88 boqolkiiba Jamhuuriga iyo 7 boqolkiiba Dimuqraadiyiinta. Codbixintii Gallup ee 2021, wuxuu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan waligii gaadhin 50 boqolkiiba oggolaanshaha, wuxuuna ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aan la magacaabin ee loogu riyaaqay sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska. Muddadii labaad ee rubuciisii ​​​​hore sida uu qabo Gallup, oggolaanshaha Trump wuxuu ahaa 45 boqolkiiba - xoogaa ka wanaagsan xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, oo aad uga hooseeya celceliska boqolkiiba 60 ee madaxweynayaasha kale. Taageeradu waxa ay ahaan jirtay mid aan kala fogayn; Waxa uu helay oggolaanshaha boqolkiiba 90 ee Jamhuuriga, 37 boqolkiiba madax-bannaanida, iyo boqolkiiba 4 ee Dimuqraadiyiinta. Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad wuxuu sidoo kale arkay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid ra'yiga dadweynaha caalamiga ah ee Maraykanka ===Qiimaynta cilmiga=== Ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee Trump, taariikhyahanadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen Trump inuu yahay madaxweynihii afraad ee ugu xumaa sahanka C-SPAN ee 2021 ee taariikhyahannada madaxtooyada. Waxa uu ku qiimeeyay kuwa ugu hooseeya qaybaha sifooyinka hogaaminta ee awooda akhlaaqda iyo xirfadaha maamulka. Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Siena College 's 2022 sahanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay kan saddexaad. Waxa uu ku jiray kaalmaha ugu hooseeya dhammaan qaybaha marka laga reebo nasiibka, rabitaanka khatarta, iyo hoggaanka xisbiga, waxaanu ka galay kaalinta ugu dambeeya dhowr qaybood. 2018 iyo 2024, xubno ka tirsan Ururka Sayniska Siyaasadda Mareykanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay madaxweynaha ugu xun. ==Xusuusin== a:Bilowgii markii Trump uu saddex sano jirsaday, aabbihii waxa uu siin jiray mid kasta oo carruurtiisa ka mid ah $6,000 sannadkii, lacagta ugu badan ee la oggol yahay iyada oo aan la gelin cashuur hadiyadeed. Si looga fogaado cashuuraha, Fred waxa uu ka dhigay mulkiilayaal laba ka mid ah dhismooyinkiisa guri, isaga oo bixinaya midkiiba $13,928 kirada sannad kasta b:Later , 2015, wuxuu ugu hanjabay dugsigiisa sare, kulliyadaha, iyo Guddiga Kulliyadda tallaabo sharci ah haddii ay sii daayaan diiwaankiisa waxbarasho. C:UPenn's 1968 barnaamijka bilawga ah wuxuu ku taxayaa Trump inuu helay shahaadada koowaad ee Sayniska ee Dhaqaalaha oo aan ahayn qaataha Sharafta Tacliinta d:Kadib Trump waxa uu ku dayan doonaa Peale's Awooda Fikirka Toosan ee Farshaxanka Heshiiska e:Doorashada madaxweynahaee Maraykanka waxaa go'aamiya kulliyadda doorashada Gobol kastaa wuxuu magacaabayaa tiro codbixiyeyaal ah oo la mid ah matalaadda Congress-ka iyo (gobollada intooda badan) dhammaan cod-bixiyayaashu waxay u codeeyaan cidda ku guulaysata codbixinta caanka ah ee gobolkooda. f:Madaxweyne Jamhuuri ah oo ay weheliyaan Jamhuuriga gacanta ku haysa labada gole ee Congress-ka g:CBS kama helin wax diiwaan ah oo dambi ah 75% dadka Venezuela ee la xiray. h: 2025, Pew Research waxay ogaatay dad ku nool dalal badan (12 ka mid ah 20 iyo 4 xiriir) waxay u arkeen Shiinaha inuu yahay dhaqaalaha ugu horreeya adduunka. ==Tixraac== [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html "Michael Cohen ayaa sheegay in Trump uu u sheegay in uu ugu hanjabay iskuulada in aysan sii deynin darajooyinka"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/politics/donald-trump-roy-cohn.html "Muxuu Donald Trump Ka Bartay Ninka Gacanta Midig Ee Joseph McCarthy] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo Kharashka Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka: Addenda et Corrigenda] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo sida Burburiyaha Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka] [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/donald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship "Sidee Donald Trump iyo Roy Cohn's arxan la'aanta Symbiosis u beddeshay Ameerika"] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/jun/21/hillary-clinton/yep-donald-trumps-companies-have-declared-bankrupt/ "Haa, shirkadaha Donald Trump waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay kiciyeen...in ka badan afar jeer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html "Trump waxa uu ku hawlanaa qorshayaal cashuureed oo laga shakisan yahay isaga oo ka guranaya maalkii Aabihiis"] [https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel "Taariikhda dabaylaha ah ee mashruucii ugu horeeyey ee hantida maguurtada ah ee Manhattan ee Donald Trump"] {{Wayback|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel |date=20211009191253 }} [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father "Sheekada beenta ah ee Trump wuxuu ku dhisay boqortooyadiisa 'amaah yar' oo uu ka helay aabihiis"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html "Trump, New Yorker inta nool, wuxuu naftiisa ku dhawaaqay inuu yahay degane Florida"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html "Trump's Plaza Hotel Planruptcy Plan waa la ansixiyay"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html "Trump waxa uu ka iibinayaa Hotel Plaza maalgashadayaasha Sucuudiga iyo Aasiya"] [https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-irs-audit-chicago-hotel-taxes "Hanti-dhawrka IRS ee Trump wuxuu ku kacayaa kharash ka badan 100 milyan oo doolar" Madaxweynihii hore] [https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ "Xaqiiqda ku saabsan kor u kaca iyo dhicitaanka Donald Trump ee Boqortooyada Atlantic City"] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ "Markii Afraad ee Soojiidashada: Sida Donald Trump Uga Sameeyey Fasaxa Isaga] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html "Wax kasta oo ku dhacay qoorta Trump? Way dhammaatay. Sidoo kale waa inta badan boqortooyadii ganacsiga ee Trump"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Toban sano oo Casaanka ah: Tirooyinka Canshuurta ee Trump ayaa muujinaya in ka badan $ 1 bilyan oo khasaare ganacsi ah"] [https://cnn.com/2016/08/22/politics/donald-trump-activist-investor/ "Xilligii Gordon Gekko: Donald Trump ee faa'iidada iyo wakhtiga muranka badan ee maal-galiye firfircoon"] [https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think "Waa maxay sababta uu Donald Trump u leeyahay xiddiga caanka ah ee caanka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee? Ma aha sababta aad u maleyneyso "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-donald-trump-retooled-his-charity-to-spend-other-peoples-money/2016/09/10/da8cce64-75df-11e6-8149-b8d05321db62_story.html "Sida Donald Trump uu dib ugu habeeyey hay'addiisa samafalka si uu u isticmaalo lacagta dadka kale"] [https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/18/media/vince-mcmahon-donald-trump-payments/index.html "Baaritaanno lagu sameeyay lacag-bixinnada xannibaadda ee Vince McMahon ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay soo saareen deeqaha samafalka ee Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html "Trump Foundation waxay amartay inay joojiso lacag ururinta xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee NY"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest "Donald Trump si uu u kala diro aasaaskiisa samafalka ka dib markii ay sii kordhayaan cabashooyinka"] [https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 "Madaxweyne Donald Trump waxa uu amray in uu bixiyo $2M si loo ururiyo hay'adaha aan macaash doonka ahayn taas oo qayb ka ah dacwadda madaniga ah"] [https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12 "Taariikhda dheer ee Trump ee Deutsche Bank waxay hadda noqon kartaa xarunta baaritaanka Robert Mueller"] [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christophermassie/theres-hours-of-audio-of-donald-trumps-nationally-syndicated "Waxaa jira saacado maqal ah oo ah Bandhigga Raadiyaha Qaranka ee Donald Trump's Syndicated 2000-meeyadii"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ "Sida warbaahinta muxaafidka ahi ula wareegayso xisbiga Jamhuuriga"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/02/04/trump-resigns-screen-actors-guild/ "Iyadoo uu wajahayo cayrinta, Trump wuxuu iska casilayaa xubinnimada jilayaasha shaashadda: 'Waxba iima aadan sameynin'] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ "Bush wuxuu yidhi Trump wuxuu ahaa Dimuqraadi in ka badan Jamhuuriga" tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay'] [https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/donald-trump-was-once-a-registered-democrat-and-party-donor-why-did-he-jump-ship/wj85mj5yq "Donald Trump mar wuxuu ahaa deeq bixiye dimuqraadi ah iyo xisbi, haddaba muxuu markabka u booday?"] [https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/ "Donald Trump wuxuu u tartamay madaxweyne sannadkii 2000 dhowr xisbi oo dib u habayn ah] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race "Donald Trump wuxuu ku guuldarreystay inuu ka baxo tartanka doorashada madaxtinimada Mareykanka ee 2012"] [https://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489476187/trump-s-second-amendment-comment-fit-a-pattern-of-ambiguous-speech "Khudbada muranka badan dhalisay ee Donald Trump inta badan way socotaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/ "Su'aalaha Trump wuxuu u baahan yahay NATO, wuxuu qeexayaa siyaasadda dibadda ee aan dhexdhexaad ahayn"] [https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ "Donald Trump wuxuu jebiyey taariikhda dhow isagoo aan soo celin canshuur celinta"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Donald Trump Waxa Uu Qiray In Aanu Bixin Cashuuraha Dakhliga Dowladda Dhexe Muddo Sanado Ah"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html "Tiro taariikhi ah oo codbixiyeyaal ah ayaa xumaaday, waxaana intooda badan loo malaynayaa inay u codeeyaan Clinton"] [https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ "Guusha Trump tusaale kale oo ku saabsan sida Kuliyada Doorashada ay u guuleysato ayaa ka weyn codadka dadweynaha"] [https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience "Donald Trump wuxuu noqon doonaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee Maraykanka ee aan lahayn khibrad siyaasadeed iyo mid milatari"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html "Dacwad ku saabsan xadgudubyada Emoluments Trump waxay kasbatay soo jiidashada maxkamadda"] [https://cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/emoluments-supreme-court-donald-trump-case/ "Maxkamadda sare waxay meesha ka saartay kiisas ka dhan ah Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-donation-salary-white-house/2021/07/29/07723234-efd9-11eb-bf80-e3877d9c5f06_story.html "Trump ma raacay ballan qaadkiisii ​​ahaa in uu ku deeqayo 6-dii bilood ee ugu dambeysay mushaarkiisa madaxtinimo? Waa wax qarsoon"] [https://www.citizensforethics.org/reports-investigations/crew-reports/trump-likely-benefited-from-13-6-million-in-payments-from-foreign-governments-during-his-presidency "Trump waxay u badan tahay inuu ka faa'iidey $13.6 milyan oo ay bixiyeen dowlado shisheeye intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/08/trump-jobs-record/ "Trump wuxuu lahaan doonaa rikoodhkii ugu xumaa ee shaqooyinka taariikhda casriga ah ee Maraykanka. Kaliya maaha masiibada"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html "Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka 2017-kii inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Moscow ee doorashada Mareykanka"] [https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ "Xidhiidh badan oo badan, badan, badan, xiriir badan ayuu Donald Trump la leeyahay Ruushka"] {{Wayback|url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |date=20170228022233 }} [https://www.9news.com.au/world/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-investigation-started-with-alexander-downer-interview/16121e23-bdfc-4f32-9822-e4a7f841e3e4 "Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah: Baadhitaanka Trump ee Ruushka ayaa ka bilaabmay waraysiga Alexander Downer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/us/politics/trump-russia-justice-department.html "Xafiiska Cadaaladda. Weligaa si buuxda uma baarin xiriirka Trump ee Ruushka, saraakiishii hore ayaa yiri "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/30/trump-briefly-acknowledges-that-russia-aided-his-election-falsely-says-he-didnt-help-effort/ "Trump wuxuu si kooban u qirayaa in Ruushku gacan ka geystay doorashadiisa - wuxuuna si been abuur ah u sheegay inuusan gacan ka geysan dadaalka"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/328637/last-trump-job-approval-average-record-low.aspx "Oggolaanshaha shaqada ee Trump ee u dambeeyay 34%; Celceliska waa Rikoor-hoosee 41%"] [https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ "Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee la doortay ee Maraykanka oo aan loo magacaabin ninka loogu jecel yahay Maraykanka sannadkiisii ​​ugu horeeyay"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/655955/trump-inaugural-approval-rating-historically-low-again.aspx "Qiimaynta Ansixinta Daahfurka ee Trump waa mid taariikhiyan mar kale hooseysa"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/11/opinion-of-us-has-worsened-in-countries-around-world-in-last-year-survey-shows "Fikirka Mareykanka ayaa ka sii daray dalalka adduunka sannadkii hore, sahan ayaa muujinaya"] [https://www.c-span.org/presidentsurvey2021/ "Sahaminta Taariikhyahanada Madaxweynaha 2021"b] [https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/trump-cspan-president-ranking-497184 "Trump wuxuu ku soo baxay kaalinta 41-aad ee qiimeynta madaxtinimo ee C-SPAN"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/06/30/presidential-rankings-2021-cspan-historians/ "Taariikhyahanadu waxay kaliya doorteen madaxweynayaasha. Trump ma ahayn kii ugu dambeeyay"] [https://scri.siena.edu/2022/06/22/american-presidents-greatest-and-worst/ "Madaxweynayaasha Mareykanka: kan ugu weyn uguna xun"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/19/opinion/how-does-trump-stack-up-against-the-best-and-worst-presidents.html "Fikirka: Sidee buu Trump uga soo horjeedaa kuwa ugu fiican - iyo kan ugu xun - madaxweynayaasha?"] [https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1232447088/historians-presidents-survey-trump-last-biden-14th "Sahanka maalinta madaxweynayaasha taariikhyahanada, Biden vs. Trump maaha wicitaan dhow"]{{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] mrej0j678sghyvjyv62cn1eb454z2v4 299713 299712 2026-06-27T09:13:19Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Siyaasada Arimaha Dibada */ Fixed grammar 299713 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald John Trump''' (wuxuu dhashay [[Juun]] [[14]], 1946) waa siyaasi [[Mareykan]] ah, shaqsi warbaahin ah, iyo ganacsade ah madaxweynaha 47-aad ee Mareykanka . Xubin ka tirsan Xisbiga Jamhuuriga , wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynihii [[45]]-aad ee [[2017]] ilaa 2021. {{Infobox officeholder | image = Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. THIS IS the new official portrait. See the talk page. --> | alt = Sawirka rasmiga ah ee Madaxweynaha 2025, Donald Trump, oo ah nin caddaan ah oo da’ ah, timo huruud khafiif ah leh, xirta surwaal iyo jaakad buluug ah oo leh surwaal laabta ah, taagan hortiisa calanka Maraykanka. | caption = Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2025. | order = 45aad & 47aad <!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] Waxay lahayd isfaham daciif ah oo lagu sii hayo xaaladda hadda jirta (ma jiro xiriir/ilaha lagu tixraaco).--> | office = Madaxweynaha Maraykanka | vicepresident = [[JD Vance]] | term_start = January 20, 2025 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Joe Biden]] | successor = | vicepresident1 = [[Mike Pence]] | term_start1 = January 20, 2017 | term_end1 = January 20, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Barack Obama]] | successor1 = Joe Biden | birth_name = Donald John Trump | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}} | birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]], U.S. | death_place = | party = [[Xisbiga Jamhuuriga (Mareykanka)|Jamhuuriyaan]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–Hadda) | otherparty = {{ubl | [[Xisbiga Dib-u-habaynta ee Mareykanka|Dib-u-habayn]] (1999–2001) | [[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga (Mareykanka)|Dimuqraadiga]] (2001–2009) | [[Siyaasi madax banaan|Madax banaan]] (2011–2012)}} | spouse = {{ubl | {{marriage|[[Ivana Trump|Ivana Zelníčková]]|1977|1990|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|1993|1999|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]]|2005}} }} | children = {{hlist | [[Donald Trump Jr. |Donald Jr.]] | [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] | [[Eric Trump|Eric]] | [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] | Barron }} | parents = {{ubl | [[Fred Trump]] | [[Mary Anne MacLeod]]}} | relatives = [[Qoyska Trump]] | education = [[Jaamacadda Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Shahaadada Sayniska|BS]]) | occupation = {{hlist | Siyaasi | Ganacsade | Shaqsiga warbaahinta }} | residence = [[Aqalka Cad]] | awards = | signature = Donald Trump (Presidential signature).svg | signature_alt = Saxeexa Donald J. Trump oo qaab farshaxan leh, lagu qoray khad. | website = {{ubl | {{URL|donaldjtrump.com|Campaign website}} | {{URL|trumplibrary.gov|Presidential library}} | {{URL|whitehouse.gov|White House website}} | {{URL|trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov|White House archives}} }} | module = {{Listen voice | filename = Donald Trump speaks on declaration of Covid-19 as a Global Pandemic by the World Health Organization.ogg | description = Trump oo ka hadlay bayaanka [[Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka|Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka]] [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 oo ah cudur faafa caalami ah]] | recorded = Maarso 11, 2020 }} }} Waxa uu ka dhashay qoys qani ah oo ku nool magaalada New York, Trump waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay jaamacadda Pennsylvania [[1968]]-dii isaga oo shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaatay cilmiga dhaqaalaha. Waxa uu noqday madaxweynaha ganacsiga hantida ma-guurtada ah ee qoyskiisa 1971-kii, waxa uu u bixiyay ururka Trump , waxa uuna bilaabay in uu helo oo dhiso dhismayaal dhaadheer, hoteello, casinos, iyo koorsooyin golf. Waxa uu bilaabay ganacsiyo dhinac ah, qaar badan oo shati siinaya magaca Trump, waxana uu xareeyay lix shil oo ganacsi 1990-meeyadii iyo 2000-meeyadii. Laga soo bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2015, wuxuu martigeliyay bandhigga telefishanka dhabta ah ee Tababbarka , isagoo xoojiyay caannimadiisa bilyaneer. Isaga oo isu soo bandhigaya siyaasad dibadda ka ah, Trump ayaa ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016-kii oo uu kula tartamay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary klinton . Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu soo rogay xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah toddobo waddan oo Muslimiin u badan, wuxuu ballaariyay darbiga xuduudka Mexico iyo Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaqan geliyey siyaasadda kala fogeynta qoyska ee xadka. Waxa uu dib u rogay xeerarkii deegaanka iyo ganacsiga, waxa uu saxeexay cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada , waxaanu magacaabay saddex garsoore oo Maxkamadda Sare ah. Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, Trump wuxuu ka saaray Mareykanka heshiisyada cimilada, ganacsiga iyo barnaamijka Nukliyeerka Iran, wuxuuna bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo uu la galo Shiinaha . Isaga oo ka jawaabaya masiibada COVID-19 laga soo bilaabo 2020, wuxuu hoos u dhigay darnaantiisa, wuxuu khilaafay saraakiisha caafimaadka, wuxuuna saxiixay Sharciga CARES . Ka dib markii uu lumiyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2020 ee Joe Biden , Trump wuxuu isku dayay inuu baabi'iyo natiijada , isagoo ku dhamaaday weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol 2021. Waxaa lagu riday 2019 ku takrifal awood iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka, iyo 2021 kicin kicin; guurtidu way ku wayday labada jeerba. 2023, Trump waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay kiisaska madaniga ah ee xadgudubka galmada ( Faylasha Epstein )iyo sumcad-dilista iyo khiyaanada ganacsiga . Waxaa lagu helay dambi ah inuu ka been abuuray diiwaannada ganacsiga 2024, taasoo ka dhigtay inuu noqdo madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Mareykan ah oo lagu helo dambi. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2024 ee Kamala Harris , waxaa lagu xukumay siidayn ciqaab la'aan ah , iyo laba eedeymo dambiile ah oo ka dhan ah haynta dukumentiyada sirta ah iyo carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 ayaa la eryay iyada oo aan eex lahayn. Kiis rafaad ah oo la xidhiidha doorashada 2020 ee Joorjiya waa la sugayaa. Trump wuxuu bilaabay madaxweynanimadiisii ​​labaad isagoo bilaabay shaqo ka cayrin ballaaran oo lagu sameeyay shaqaalaha federaalka . Wuxuu ku soo rogay canshuuraha ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan wadamada heerka ugu sarreeya tan iyo diiqada weyn wuxuuna saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Tallaabooyinka maamulkiisa - oo ay ku jiraan cabsi gelinta mucaaradka siyaasadeed iyo bulshada rayidka ah , masaafurinta soogalootiga, beegsiga dadka jinsiga ah, iyo isticmaalka ballaaran ee amarada fulinta - waxay soo saareen in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo ka soo horjeeda sharcinimadooda . Kiisaska caanka ah waxay hoosta ka xariiqeen tafsiirkiisa ballaadhan ee aragtida fulinta ee midaysan waxayna keentay khilaaf weyn oo lala galo maxkamadaha federaalka. Garsoorayaasha ayaa wax badan oo ka mid ah maamulkiisa ku tilmaamay kuwo sharci darro ah, waxaana dhowr jeer lagu tilmaamay kuwo aan sharciga waafaqsanayn. Laga soo bilaabo 2015, qaabka hoggaamineed ee Trump iyo ajandihiisa siyaasadeed - oo inta badan loo yaqaan Trumpism - ayaa wax ka beddelay aqoonsiga xisbiga Jamhuuriga. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinkiisa iyo ficilladiisa ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsuri ama caqli-xumo, wuxuuna sameeyay hadallo been abuur ah ama marin-habaabin ah wuxuuna kor u qaaday aragtiyaha shirqoolka heer aan horay looga baran siyaasadda Mareykanka. Tallaabooyinka Trump, gaar ahaan markiisa labaad, ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay ahaayeen kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geystay dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ka dib, aqoonyahanno iyo taariikhyahannadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen inuu yahay mid ka mid ah madaxweynayaashii ugu xumaa taariikhda Mareykanka Eedayno badana Waxa Loogu Soo jeediyay Dagaalkii Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan Iyo Difaaciisi Israa'iil iyo Carabta Bariga dhexe . ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== [[File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg|thumb|Akadeemiyada Militariga ee New York , 1964]] Donald John Trump waxa uu ku dhashay June 14, 1946, waxa uu ku dhashay cisbitaalka Jamaica ee ku yaala degmada New York ee degmada Queens , waana ilmihii afraad ee Fred Trump iyo Mary Anne MacLeod Trump . Waa Jarmal iyo Iskotish. Wuxuu ku koray walaalihiis ka weyn, Maryanne , Fred Jr. , iyo Elizabeth, iyo walaalkiis ka yar, Robert , oo ku yaal guri 23-qol ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Jamaica Estates ee Queens. Fred Trump wuxuu caruurtiisa siin jiray midkiiba $20,000 sanadkii, una dhiganta $265,000 sanadkii 2024. Trump wuxuu ahaa milyaneer doolarka sicir-bararka lagu hagaajiyay markuu siddeed jir ahaa. Trump wuxuu dhiganayay dugsiga gaarka loo leeyahay ee Kew-Forest ilaa fasalka toddobaad. Wuxuu ahaa ilmo dhib badan, wuxuuna muujiyay xiisaha hore ee ganacsiga aabihiis. Aabihii waxa uu ka diwaan galiyay New York Military Academy , dugsi boodhin ah oo gaar loo leeyahay, si uu u dhamaysto dugsiga sare. Akadeemiyadda ayaa ku riixday ardayda ciyaaraha isboortiga. waxayna bareen muhiimada guusha. Dugsigii sare, darajooyinkiisu way fiicnaadeen ilaa celceliska B. Trump wuxuu tixgeliyey xirfad ganacsi oo muujinaya, laakiin halkii, si uu ugu dhawaado guriga, wuxuu iska diiwaan geliyay Jaamacadda Fordham 1964. Waxa uu ka qaybqaatay barnaamijka Tababarka Saraakiisha Kaydka ah intii lagu jiray sannadkiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, isagoo dhiganayay fasallo ku labisan dharka ciidamada Arbacada kasta, laakiin wuxuu tuuray sannadkiisii ​​labaad. Wuxuu tuuray kubbadda cagta seddex ama afar usbuuc ka dib wuxuuna ahaa kubbadda cagta dhexdhexaad ah iyo ciyaartoy tennis ah. Asxaabtiisa Fordham waxay ku bareen golf. Sannadkiisii ​​yaraa, wuxuu u wareegay Dugsiga Wharton ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania , inta badan wuxuu u safri jiray xafiiska aabbihiis maalmaha fasaxa ah, wuxuuna ka qalin jabiyay Maajo 1968 oo uu ka qaatay shahaadada Sayniska ee dhaqaalaha. Kulliyadda ma ahayn ardaygii ugu sarreeyay ee uu mararka qaarkood sheegan jiray. Waqtigii uu aaday Wharton-halkaas oo uusan ka muuqan liiska kuwa hela abaalmarinta - wuxuu isha ku hayay xirfad ku taal hantida maguurtada ah. Waxa laga reebay qabyo-qoraalka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Vietnam sababtoo ah sheegashada lafaha cidhibtiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee shan sano oo uu ku jiray dugsiga milatariga, wax dan ah uma lahayn inuu dagaal galo. Koritaanka, wuxuu tixgeliyey aabbihiis iyo wadaadka qoyska, Norman Vincent Peale , inuu noqdo lataliyeyaashiisa. Aabihiis wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu yahay "boqor" iyo inuu yahay "dilaaye". Peale wuxuu ku wacdiyey isku kalsoonida sida dhiirigelinta barwaaqada. ==Xirfad ganacsi== ===Hanti ma guurto ah=== Laga bilaabo 1968, Trump waxa uu ka shaqaaleysiiyay Maareynta Trump, shirkadda aabbihiis ee hantida maguurtada ah, taas oo maamusha dhismayaasha dabaqyada dhexe ee Fred uu ka dhisay Queens , Staten Island , iyo Brooklyn . Hawlihiisa ugu muhiimsan waxay ahaayeen ururinta kirada iyo hagaajinta ilaa shan sano. Isagoo soo jiidasho leh iyo qaninimadiisa, Trump wuxuu ka codsaday aabihiis inuu ku ballaariyo Manhattan halkaas oo qiimihiisu sarreeyo, laakiin aabihiis ayaa ku qanacsanaa xaafadaha dibadda. 1971, wuxuu u guuray Manhattan halkaas oo uu qorsheeyay inuu u guuro ganacsiga wuxuuna u socdaalay xafiiska aabihiis. Sannadkaas, aabihiis wuxuu naftiisa ka dhigay guddoomiye iyo madaxweyne Trump, isaga oo kormeeraya 48 shirkadood oo gaar ah iyo 15 iskaashiga qoyska. Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ururka Trump u isticmaalo dalad ahaan magacyada shirkadaha ganacsi ee aabihiis. Roy Cohn , saamaynta hore ee Trump ee ugu muhiimsan aabihiis ka dib, wuxuu ahaa hagaajintiisa , qareenka, iyo lataliye. sannadihii 13 ee 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii. Cohn wuxuu baray Trump inuu u maleeyo in noloshu tahay macaamil ganacsi. 1973, Cohn wuxuu ka caawiyay Trump inuu ka soo horjeesto dawladda Mareykanka $ 100 milyan (oo u dhiganta $ 708 milyan 2024. eedeymaha ah in guryaha Trump ay takooreen codsadeyaasha madow iyo kireystayaasha. Eedihii Trump waa la laalay, waxaana kiiskii dawladda lagu dhameeyey Trumps oo saxeexay amar oggolaansho oo oggolaaday in meesha laga saaro. Afar sano ka dib, Trumps ayaa mar kale wajahay maxkamadaha markii lagu helay inay diidaan wareegtada. Caawinta mashaariicda Trump, Cohn wuxuu ahaa consigliere kaas oo isku xirka Mafia ay gacanta ku hayaan ururrada dhismaha. Sannadkii 1979-kii, Cohn wuxuu Trump u soo bandhigay la-taliyaha siyaasadda Roger Stone , kaasoo qoray adeegyada Stone si uu ula macaamilo dowladda federaalka. Trump waxa uu ka guuray istuudiyaha isaga oo u guuray guri guri leh oo aragti ah waxa uuna helay shatiga dilaalnimada guryaha bartamihii 1970-meeyadii. Kahor da'da soddon sano, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaankiisa dacwadda, iyada oo aan loo eegin natiijada iyo kharashka; xitaa markii laga badiyay, wuxuu kiiska ku tilmaamay guul. In ka badan soddon sano laga soo bilaabo 2018, Trump wuxuu ku lug lahaa in ka badan 4,000 oo dacwado ah, deymo, iyo faylalyo kale, oo inta badan loo xareeyay lacag la'aan isaga oo ka soo horjeeda shaqaalaha, qandaraaslayaasha, dilaaliinta guryaha, iyo qareenadiisa. Intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009 , Trump wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix ka mid ah ganacsigiisa: Plaza Hotel ee Manhattan, casinos ee Atlantic City, New Jersey , iyo Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts company. Sannadkii 1992, Trump, walaalihiis Maryanne, Elizabeth, iyo Robert, iyo ina-adeerkiis John W. Walter waxay samaysteen All County Building Supply & Maintenance Corp, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay 20 boqolkiiba. Shirkaddu ma lahayn xafiisyo waxaana lagu eedeeyay inay ahayd shirkad qolof ah oo bixisa bixinta adeegyada iyo saadka guryaha kiraynta Trump, ka dibna biilasha adeegyadaas iyo sahayda Maamulka Trump u dhigma 20-50 boqolkiiba iyo ka badan. Milkiilayaasha ayaa wadaagay dakhliga ka soo xarooday calaamaduhu. Kharashka la kordhiyey waxa loo isticmaalay in lagu helo ogolaanshaha gobolka ee kordhinta kirada unugyadiisa kirada-degan. Bishii Janaayo 1994, walaalaha waxay samaysteen Apartment Management Associates waxayna la wareegeen khidmadaha maaraynta ee ay hore u qaadi jirtay Maamulka Trump. Sidoo kale sicir-bararka kirada, qorshayaasha ayaa u adeegay in lagu wareejiyo hantida Fred Trump caruurtiisa iyo adeerka oo hoos loo dhigo culeyska canshuurta. ===Manhattan iyo Chicago horumarka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_with_model_of_Television_City.jpg|thumb|1985-kii oo wata moodal ka mid ah mashruuciisii ​​horumarinta Manhattan ee la soo riday ]] Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha dadweynaha 1978-dii markii uu bilaabay qoyskisa ganacsigii ugu horreeyay ee Manhattan: dib u cusboonaysiinta hudheelka Commodore ee burburay , oo ku dheggan Grand Central Terminal. Maalgelinta waxa fududeeyey $400 milyan oo cashuur dhimis ah oo hantida magaalada ah oo uu u habeeyey isaga oo uu aabbihiis u habeeyey kaas oo sidoo kale, si wada jir ah ula Hyatt , u dammaanad qaaday $70 milyan amaah dhismaha bangiga ah. Hudheelka ayaa dib loo furay 1980-kii isagoo ah Grand Hyatt Hotel , isla sanadkaas, wuxuu helay xuquuq uu ku horumarinayo Trump Tower , oo ah dhismo isku dhafan oo ku yaal Midtown Manhattan. Dhismuhu wuxuu ku yaalaa xarunta dhexe ee Trump Corporation iyo Trump's PAC wuxuuna ahaa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ilaa 2019. 1988, Trump wuxuu ku iibsaday Plaza Hotel isagoo dayn ka helay shirkado ay leeyihiin 16 bangi. Hudheelka ayaa loo gudbiyay ilaalinta musalsalka 1992, waxaana la ansixiyay qorshe dib-u-habayn bil ka dib, iyadoo bangiyada ay la wareegayaan hantida. Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu iska diiday in ka badan $3 bilyan oo deymo bangi ah, amaah-bixiyayaashuna waxay la wareegeen Hotel Plaza oo ay la socdaan badi hantidiisa kale "dib u habeyn ballaaran oo bahdilaad ah" taasoo u ogolaatay inuu ka fogaado khasaare shakhsi ah. Qareenka hogaanka bangiga ayaa sheegay go'aanka bangiyada in "dhammaan waxay isku raaceen in uu ka nolol fiicnaan lahaa dhimashada". Sannadkii 1996-kii, Trump waxa uu la wareegay oo dib u habayn ku sameeyay dhisme 71 dabaq ah oo inta badan bannaanaa oo ku yaalla 40 Wall Street , oo markii dambe loo beddelay Dhismaha Trump. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, wuxuu ku guuleystay xaqa uu u leeyahay inuu horumariyo dhul 70-acre (28 ha) ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Lincoln Square ee u dhow webiga Hudson. Isagoo ku dhibtoonaya deynta ganacsiyada kale ee 1994, wuxuu ka iibiyay inta badan danihiisa mashruuca maalgashadayaasha Aasiya, kuwaas oo maalgeliyay dhamaystirka mashruuca, Riverside South . Mashruucii ugu dambeeyay ee Trump ee dhismaha wuxuu ahaa 92-dabaq ee isku dhafan ee isticmaalka Trump International Hotel iyo Tower ee Chicago, kaas oo la furay 2008. 2024, The New York Times iyo ProPublica ayaa sheegay in Adeegga Dakhliga Gudaha uu baarayay haddii uu laba jeer qoray khasaaraha soo gaaray iyada oo loo marayo kharashka dhismaha iyo iibinta iibinta guryaha yar ee dib u celinta 8. ===casinos Atlantic magaalada=== [[File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg|thumb|Galitaanka Trump Taj Mahal ee Atlantic magaalada]] 1984, Trump wuxuu Harrah ka furay Trump Plaza , hudheel iyo casino, iyada oo maalgelin iyo caawimo maamul ay ka heshay Shirkadda Holiday . Waxay ahayd mid aan faa'iido lahayn, wuxuuna bixiyay Holiday $ 70 milyan bishii Maajo 1986 si uu keligiis u maamulo.  Sannadkii 1985-kii, waxa uu iibsaday hudheelka Atlantic City Hilton oo aan la furin oo uu u beddelay qalcadda Trump . Labada casinos waxay xareeyeen cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta 1992.  Trump wuxuu iibsaday goobta saddexaad ee Atlantic City 1988, Trump Taj Mahal . Waxaa lagu maalgeliyay $675 milyan oo doollar oo junk bonds ah waxaana lagu dhammeeyey $1.1 bilyan, oo la furay Abriil 1990. Waxa uu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta ee 1991. Sida ku cad qodobbada heshiiska dib-u-qaabaynta, waxa uu ka tanaasulay kala badh saamigiisii ​​hore oo shakhsi ahaan dammaanad qaaday waxqabadka mustaqbalka. Si uu u dhimo $900 milyan ee daynta gaarka ah, waxa uu iibiyay diyaaradda Trump Shuttle ; megayacht, Princess Trump , kaas oo laga kireeyay casinoskiisa oo lagu hayo; iyo ganacsiyo kale.  Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), kaas oo qaatay lahaanshaha Trump Plaza.  THCR waxa ay iibsatay Taj Mahal iyo Qasriga Trump 1996 waxana uu kacay 2004 iyo 2009, isaga oo ka tagay lahaanshaha boqolkiiba 10. Waxa uu ahaa guddoomiyaha ilaa 2009. ===Naadiyada Golf-ka=== Sanadkii 1985, Trump wuxuu la wareegay dhismaha Mar-a-Lago ee Palm Beach, Florida. Sannadkii 1995-kii, wuxuu u beddelay hantidii koox gaar ah oo leh lacag bilaw ah iyo kharashyo sannadle ah. Wuxuu sii waday inuu u isticmaalo baalka guriga sidii guri gaar ah. Waxa uu ku dhawaaqay naadigiisa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ee 2019. Waxa uu bilaabay dhisidda iyo iibsiga koorsooyinka golf- ka 1999-kii, isaga oo haysta 17 koorso golf ah 2016. ===Shati siinta magaca Trump=== Ururka Trump wuxuu inta badan shati u siiyay magaca Trump ee badeecadaha iyo adeegyada macaamiisha, oo ay ku jiraan cuntooyinka, dharka, koorasyada waxbarashada, iyo alaabta guriga. In ka badan 50 heshiisyada shatiga ama maamulka ayaa ku lug lahaa magaca Trump, isaga oo u soo saaray ugu yaraan $59 milyan shirkadihiisa. Sannadkii 2018, kaliya laba shirkadood oo alaabta macaamiisha ah ayaa sii waday inay sii wataan shatiga magaciisa. Intii lagu jiray 2000-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu magaciisa shati u siiyay horumarinta guryaha la dego ee adduunka oo dhan, 40 kuwaas oo aan waligood la dhisin. ===Dhaqdhaqaaqyada dhinaca=== [[File:Donald_Trump_and_Doug_Flutie_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Trump_Tower.jpg|thumb|1985 New Jersey Generals shir jaraa'id ee Trump Tower]] Sannadkii 1970-kii, Trump waxa uu galiyay $70,000 oo hantida aabbihiis ah si uu u helo biilasha isaga oo ka mid ah soo saaraha majaajilada Broadway-waxana uu lumiyay lacagtii. Ka dib markii uu u sameeyay dalabyo kubbadda hoose ee New York Mets iyo kooxihii Cleveland Indians baseball, 1983 ilaa $6 milyan, wuxuu iibsaday New Jersey Generals , koox ka tirsan Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Mareykanka . Horyaalka ayaa isku laabmay ka dib xilli ciyaareedkii 1985, oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku daygiisa inuu u guuro jadwalka dayrta (marka ay la tartami lahayd Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Qaranka ee dhagaystayaasha) iyo isku daygiisii ​​ahaa inuu ku qasbo ku biirista NFL isagoo keenaya suudh liddi ku ah. Trump iyo Hotelkiisa Plaza waxa ay marti galiyeen dhowr ciyaarood oo feerka ah hoolka shirarka ee Atlantic City Convention Hall . 1989 iyo 1990, wuxuu magaciisa ku siiyay tartanka tartanka baaskiilka ee Tour de Trump , isku dayga uu ku abuurayo Maraykan u dhigma jinsiyadaha Yurub sida Tour de France ama Giro d'Italia . Laga soo bilaabo 1986 ilaa 1988, wuxuu iibsaday qaybo badan oo saamiyo ah shirkado kala duwan oo dawladeed isagoo soo jeediyay inuu damacsan yahay inuu la wareego shirkadda kadibna uu iibiyo saamigiisa faa'iido, taasoo keentay in dadka indha indheeya ay u maleynayaan inuu ku hawlan yahay ganacsiga cagaaran .waqtiga New York waxay ogaatay in uu markii hore malaayiin doolar ku sameeyay macaamil ganacsi oo noocaas ah, laakiin "luminaya inta badan, haddii aysan ahayn dhammaan, faa'iidooyinkaas ka dib markii maalgashadayaasha ay joojiyeen in ay si dhab ah u qaataan hadalkiisa". [[File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG|thumb|Xiddiga Trump ee Socodka caanka ah ee Hollywood]] 1988, Trump waxa uu iibsaday Shuttle-ka Diyaaradaha ee Bari , isaga oo ku maal-geliyay iibsiga $380 milyan (oo u dhiganta $1.01 bilyan ee 2024 oo amaah ah oo ka socota bangiyada 22. Waxa uu u beddelay shirkadda duulimaadka ee Trump Shuttle waxana uu ku shaqaynayey ilaa 1992. Waxa uu diiday deymihiisii ​​1991-kii, lahaanshahana waxa uu u gudbay bangiyada. 1996-kii, wuxuu soo iibsaday Miss Universe pageants, oo ay ku jiraan Miss USA iyo Miss Teen USA . Sababtoo ah khilaafyada CBS ee ku saabsan jadwalka, wuxuu u qaaday labada bog ee NBC ee 2002. 2007, wuxuu helay xiddig ku socda Hollywood Walk of Fame shaqadiisa soo saaraha Miss Universe. NBC iyo Univision waxay hoos u dhigeen boggaga bishii Juun 2015 iyaga oo ka falcelinaya faallooyinkiisa ku saabsan soogalootiga Mexico. Sannadkii 2005, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Jaamacadda Trump , oo ah shirkad iibisa siminaarada guryaha ilaa $35,000. Ka dib markii maamulka Gobolka New York ay ku wargaliyeen shirkadda in isticmaalkeeda "jaamacad" ay jabisay sharciga gobolka (maadaama aysan ahayn machad akadeemiyadeed), magaceeda waxaa loo beddelay Trump Entrepreneur Initiative 2010. Sannadkii 2013, Gobolka New York wuxuu gudbiyay $ 40 milyan dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Jaamacadda Trump, isagoo ku eedeeyay in shirkadu ay samaysay hadallo been abuur ah oo ay khiyaanaysay macaamiisha. Intaa waxaa dheer, laba tallaabo oo heer caalami ah ayaa laga gudbiyay maxkamad federaali ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyo shirkadihiisa. Dukumiintiyo gudaha ah ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in shaqaalaha lagu amray inay adeegsadaan qaab si adag loo iibiyo, waxaana shaqaalihii hore ay caddeeyeen in jaamacadda Trump ay khiyaameysay ama been u sheegtay ardaydeeda. Wax yar ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016, wuxuu ogolaaday inuu bixiyo wadarta $ 25 milyan si loo xalliyo saddexda kiis. ===Aasaaska=== Donald J. Trump Foundation wuxuu ahaa aasaaska gaarka ah ee la aasaasay 1988. Laga soo bilaabo 1987 ilaa 2006, Trump wuxuu siiyay aasaaskiisa $ 5.4 milyan, taas oo ku baxday dhammaadkii 2006 . Vince McMahon . Aasaaska ayaa la siiyay samafalka caafimaadka- iyo isboortiga la xiriira, kooxaha muxaafidka ah, iyo samafal oo qabtay munaasabadaha guryaha Trump. Sannadkii 2016, The Washington Post ayaa sheegtay in hay'ad samafal ahi ay geysatay dhowr xadgudubyo xagga sharciga iyo anshaxa ah, oo ay ku jiraan is-wax-ka-qabasho iyo canshuur lunsi . Sidoo kale 2016, xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York ayaa sheegay in aasaaska uu ku xad-gudbay sharciga gobolka iyadoo la codsanayo deeqaha iyada oo aan la soo gudbin xisaab-celinta dibadda ee sannadlaha ah ee loo baahan yahay oo uu ku amray inay joojiso hawlaheeda lacag-ururinta ee New York isla markiiba. Kooxda Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay December 2016 in aasaaska la burburin doono. Bishii Juun 2018, xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York wuxuu gudbiyay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah aasaaska, Trump, iyo caruurtiisa qaangaarka, iyagoo raadinaya $2.8 milyan oo magdhow ah iyo ganaaxyo dheeraad ah. Bishii Diseembar 2018, aasaaska shaqada wuu joojiyay oo wuxuu u qaybiyay hantidiisa hay'ado kale oo samafal ah. ]Bishii Noofambar 2019, garsooraha gobolka New York ayaa ku amray Trump inuu bixiyo $2 milyan oo doolar koox samafal ah oo si khaldan u isticmaalay lacagaha mu'asasada, qayb ahaan si loo maalgeliyo ololihiisa madaxtinimo. ===Arrimaha sharciga iyo kacsiga=== Marka loo eego dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyay faylalka maxkamadda gobolka iyo federaalka oo ay samaysay USA Today sanadkii 2018, Trump iyo ganacsigiisu waxay ku lug lahaayeen in ka badan 4,000 oo tallaabo sharci oo heer gobol iyo federaal ah. Inkastoo uusan u xarayn kicinta shakhsi ahaaneed , ganacsigiisa hudheelka iyo casinos ee Atlantic City iyo New York wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix jeer intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009. Waxay sii wadeen inay shaqeeyaan halka bangiyada ay dib u habeyn ku sameeyeen deynta waxayna yareeyeen saamiyadiisa guryaha. Intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii, in ka badan 70 bangi ayaa Trump amaahiyay $4 bilyan. Ka dib markii uu kacday shirkaddiisa horraantii 1990-meeyadii, bangiyada ugu waaweyn, marka laga reebo Deutsche Bank , waxay diideen inay amaahiyaan isaga. Ka dib weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol , bangigu wuxuu go'aansaday inuusan ganacsi la samayn isaga ama shirkadiisa xiriirka la leh mustaqbalka. ===Maalka=== [[File:State Visit of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia State Dinner Receiving Line with Ivana Trump and Donald Trump in East Room - DPLA - 1a44d05819eab8ba3dcf7a6883ad92ba.jpg|thumb|Trump (midigta midig) iyo xaaskiisa Ivana oo 1985-kii casho sharaf dawladeed u sameeyey [[Boqor]] Fahad ee [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo ay la yeesheen Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan iyo Marwada Koowaad ee Nancy Reagan]] Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu shaqadiisa ku bilaabay “amaah yar oo hal milyan oo dollar ah” oo uu aabihii ka helay oo ay ahayd in uu dib ugu bixiyo ribo. Waxa uu ka amaahday ugu yaraan $60 milyan aabbihii, inta badan ma bixin deymihii, oo waxa uu ka helay $413 milyan oo kale (2018 u dhiganta, oo loo habeeyey sicir bararka) shirkadda aabihiis.  Isaga oo iska dhigaya sarkaal ka tirsan Ururka Trump oo lagu magacaabo " John Barron ", Trump wuxuu wacay saxafiga Jonathan Greenberg [[1984]], isagoo isku dayaya inuu darajo sare ka helo liiska Forbes 400 ee hodanka Mareykanka. Trump wuxuu iskiis u sheegay qiimihiisa saafiga ah: laga jaray $900 milyan 1990  ilaa $10 bilyan 2015. Sannadkii 2015, Forbes wuxuu ku qiyaasay hantidiisa $4.5 bilyan, iyadoo lagu salaynayo waraysiyo lala yeeshay in ka badan 80 ilo. Sannadkii 2025, majaladda ayaa ku qiyaastay hantidiisa $5.1 bilyan waxayna ku qiimeysay qofka 700-aad ee ugu qanisan adduunka. ==Xirfadda warbaahinta== Trump waxa uu daabacay 19 buug oo magaciisa ku qoran, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay qoreen ama ay qoreen kuwa wax qora . Buugiisi ugu horeeyay, The Art of the Deal (1987), waxa uu ahaa New York Times iibiyaha ugu fiican , waxaana lagu tiriyaa New Yorker in uu Trump ka dhigay mid caan ku ah "astaanta maalqabeenada guulaystay". Buugga waxaa qoray Tony Schwartz , kaas oo loo aqoonsan yahay qoraaga. Trump wuxuu lahaa muuqaalo filimaan badan iyo bandhigyo telefishan laga soo bilaabo 1985 ilaa 2001 . Wuxuu si goos-goos ah ugu soo muuqday shirkadda legdinta ee WWE laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii oo ay ku jiraan WrestleMania 23 ee 2007. Laga bilaabo 1990-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu u muuqday 24 jeer isagoo marti ku ah bandhigga Howard Stern Show ee qaranka . Waxa uu lahaa barnaamij sheeko gaaban oo raadiyaha ah, Trumped! , laga bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2008. Laga soo bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2015, wuxuu ahaa faallooyinka martida ee Fox & Friends . Sannadkii 2021, Trump, oo xubin ka ahaa tan iyo 1989, wuu iska casilay SAG-AFTRA si uu uga fogaado dhageysiga edbinta ee ku saabsan weerarkii Janaayo 6. Laba maalmood ka dib, ururka shaqaalaha ayaa si joogto ah u diiday isaga. ===Tababbarka iyo Xirfadlaha caanka ah=== Soo saaraha Mark Burnett ayaa Trump ka dhigay xiddig telefishan ah markii uu abuuray The Apprentice , kaas oo Trump uu martigeliyay 2004 ilaa 2015 (oo ay ku jiraan kala duwanaanshaha The Celebrity Apprentice ). Bandhigyada, waxa uu ahaa madaxa fulinta sare oo meesha ka saaray tartamayaasha odhaahda " waad cayrisay". The New York Times ayaa ugu yeedhay sawirkiisa "mid aad u faanaysi badan, oo aad u khayaali ah" naftiisa. Bandhigyadu waxay dib u dhigeen sawirka Trump malaayiin daawadayaal ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. Heshiisyada shatiga ee la xidhiidha, waxay kasbadeen in ka badan $400 milyan. ==Himilooyinka siyaasadeed ee hore== Trump wuxuu ka diiwaan gashan yahay Jamhuuriya ahaan Queens 1969 iyo Manhattan 1987; xubin ka mid ah Xisbiga Madaxbanaanida , gobolka New York ee xisbiga Reform Party , 1999; Dimuqraadiyiintii 2001 ; Jamhuuriyaddii 2009; aan xiriir la lahayn 2011; iyo Jamhuuriya 2012 [[File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor.jpg|thumb|Isagoo ka hadlaya CPAC , [[Febraayo]] 2011]] 1987, Trump wuxuu xayeysiisyo bog buuxa ah ku dhejiyay wargeysyada waaweyn oo muujinaya aragtidiisa ku aaddan siyaasadda dibadda iyo sida loo tirtiro hoos u dhaca miisaaniyadda federaalka. Sannadkii 1988-kii, waxa uu la xidhiidhay Lee Atwater , isaga oo waydiisanaya in la tixgeliyo in uu yahay musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga ee George HW Bush . Bush wuxuu codsigaas u helay "mid qariib ah oo aan la rumaysan karin". Trump waxa uu ahaa musharrax 2000 ee xisbiga Reform Party ee horudhaca madaxtinnimada saddex bilood ka hor inta uusan ka tanaasulin Febraayo 2000 . Waxa uu ka hadlay shirkii waxqabadka siyaasadda ee muxaafidka bishii Febraayo, wuxuuna khudbado ka jeediyay gobollada horudhaca ah ee horudhaca ah. Bishii Maajo 2011, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuusan tartami doonin ==2016 doorashada madaxweynaha== Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay inuu u sharaxan yahay doorashada 2016 June 2015. Waxa uu u ololeeyay sidii maalqabeen, ganacsade guul leh iyo shisheeye aan khibrad siyaasadeed lahayn, wuxuuna ku andacoodey in warbaahintu u xaglinayso isaga. Hadaladiisa ol'olaha badanaa waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan caddayn oo soo jeedin ah, iyo lambarka rikoodhku waa been. Waxa uu noqday murashaxa ugu horreeya ee Jamhuuriga bishii March 2016 waxaana lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay musharaxa Jamhuuriga ee la malaynayo bishii May [[File:Donald_Trump_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg|thumb|Ololaha Arizona, Maarso 2016]] Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay NATO mid "dhacday" iyo aragtiyo la isku halleyn karo oo lagu tilmaamay Washington Post inay yihiin kuwo aan dhexdhexaad ahayn iyo ilaalin . Ololihiisa ololaha wuxuu xooga saaray dib u gorgortanka xiriirka US-China iyo heshiisyada ganacsiga xorta ah sida NAFTA iyo si adag u dhaqan gelinta sharciyada socdaalka. Jagooyinka kale ee ololaha waxaa ka mid ah raadinta madaxbannaanida tamarta iyada oo ka soo horjeeda xeerarka isbeddelka cimilada, casriyeynta adeegyada loogu talagalay halyeeyada , baabi'inta iyo beddelka sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo , baabi'inta heerarka waxbarashada aasaasiga ah , maalgelinta kaabayaasha , fududaynta koodhka canshuurta iyada oo la dhimayo canshuuraha, iyo ku soo rogida canshuuraha soo dejinta ee shirkadaha ka shaqeeya xeebaha. Waxa uu ku taliyey in la kordhiyo kharashaadka milatariga iyo in si xad dhaaf ah loo baadho ama laga mamnuuco soogalootiga dalalka Muslimka u badan. Waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu darbi ka dhisayo xudduudda Mexico iyo Maraykanka, waxa uuna wacad ku maray in Mexico ay bixin doonto kharashka. Wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu masaafurin doono malaayiin muhaajiriin sharci darro ah oo ku nool Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaleeceeyay dhalashada dhalashada inuu dhiirigelinayo " carruurta barroosinka ah ". Sida laga soo xigtay falanqaynta Sayniska Siyaasadda ee Quarterly , Trump wuxuu sameeyay "ras-raac cad oo cunsurinimo iyo jinsiyeed ah si uu uga guuleysto codbixiyayaasha cadaanka ah" intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxtinimada ee 2016. Gaar ahaan, khudbadiisii ​​ololaha ololaha ayaa soo jiidatay dhaleeceyn ku aaddan sheegashada muhaajiriinta reer Mexico "waxay keeneen daroogo, waxay keeneen dambi, waa kufsi"; oo ka jawaabaya, NBC waxay ka eriday Xirfadlaha caanka ah . Warbixinada Trump ee FEC ee looga baahan yahay ayaa ku taxay hantida ka sareysa $1.4 bilyan iyo deymaha taagan ee ugu yaraan $315 milyan. Ma uusan sii deyn canshuur celintiisa , taasoo lid ku ah dhaqanka musharax kasta oo weyn tan iyo 1976 iyo ballanqaadkiisii ​​2014 iyo 2015 inuu sidaas sameyn doono haddii uu u tartamo jagada. ( 166 ) Wuxuu sheegay in canshuur celintiisa la baarayo , qareennadiisuna ay kula taliyeen inuusan sii deyn. Kadib dagaal dheer oo maxkamadeed oo lagu joojinayo sii deynta canshuur celintiisa iyo diiwaanada kale ee qareenka degmada Manhattan si loogu sameeyo dambi baaris, oo ay ku jiraan laba racfaan oo uu Trump u gudbiyay Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka , Febraayo 2021 maxkamadda sare waxay ogolaatay in diiwaannada loo sii daayo dacwad oogaha si ay u eegaan xeerbeegti weyn. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, qaybo ka mid ah dacwadaha gobolka Trump ee 1995 ayaa loo siidaayay wariye ka socda New York Times . Waxay muujinayaan inuu ku dhawaaqay inuu khasaaray $ 916 milyan sanadkaas, taas oo u ogolaan karta inuu ka fogaado canshuuraha ilaa 18 sano. Trump ayaa ku guuleystay 306 cod oo la ballanqaaday halka 232 ay heshay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary Clinton . Ka dib markii doorashadi labada dhinac ay ka baxeen , tirinta rasmiga ah waxay ahayd 304 ilaa 227 . Waxa uu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan ka mid ahayn ciidamada, mana qaban wax xafiis dawladeed ka hor inta uusan noqon madaxweynaha. Doorashadiisu waxay calaamad u ahayd soo noqoshada dawlad Jamhuuriya oo aan qaybsanayn . Guusha Trump waxay dhalisay mudaaharaadyo ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Maraykanka ==Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay (2017-2021)== [[File:Donald_Trump_swearing_in_ceremony.jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , oo uu maamulayo madaxa cadaalada John G. Roberts Jr. , Janaayo 20, 2017]] [[File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg|thumb|Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2017]] ===Ficilada hore=== Trump ayaa la caleemasaaray Janaayo 20, 2017. Maalin ka dib markii la caleemasaaray, qiyaastii 2.6 milyan oo qof oo adduunka ah, oo ay ku jiraan 500,000 oo ku nool Washington, DC, ayaa mudaaharaad ka dhan ah isaga oo ka qeyb qaatay socodkii haweenka . Intii lagu guda jiray usbuucii ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump wuxuu saxiixay lix amar fulineed , oo ay ku jiraan oggolaanshaha habraacyada baabi'inta sharciga ilaalinta bukaanka iyo daryeelka la awoodi karo ("Obamacare"), ka noqoshada wada-xaajoodka iskaashiga Trans-Pacific, horumarinta mashaariicda Keystone XL iyo Dakota Access Pipeline , iyo qorsheynta darbiga xadka Maraykanka ee Mexico. ===Isku dhacyada xiisaha=== Ka hor inta aan la caleema-saarin, Trump wuxuu ganacsigiisa u raray kalsooni la burin karo , halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa kalsooni indho la'aan ama habayn u dhigma "si uu naftiisa uga gooyo danihiisa ganacsi". Wuxuu sii waday inuu ka faa'iidaysto ganacsigiisa wuxuuna ogaa sida siyaasadda maamulkiisu u saamaysay. Inkasta oo uu sheegay in uu ka fogaan doono "heshiisyada cusub ee ajnabiga ah", Ururka Trump wuxuu dabagalay ballaarinta hawlgalka ee Scotland, Dubai, iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dominican. ​​Lobbyists, saraakiisha dawladda shisheeye, deeq-bixiyeyaasha Trump iyo xulafadooda ayaa boqolaal milyan oo doolar u soo ururiyay goobihiisa dalxiiska iyo hoteellada. Trump ayaa lagu dacweeyay inuu ku xad-gudbay Qodobbada Emoluments Gudaha iyo Dibadda ee Dastuurka Mareykanka , markii ugu horreysay ee qodobbada si cad loo dacweeyay. Hal kiis ayaa lagu diiday maxkamadda hoose. Labo ayaa Maxkamadda Sare ay shaqada ka cayrisay ka dib markii uu xilka qabtay. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu ugu deeqayo mushaharkiisa madaxtinnimo iyo faa'iidada uu ka helo dammaanadda shisheeye ee dawladda Maraykanka. Waxa uu ugu deeqay mushaharkiisa hay'adaha federaalka waxana uu dacaayadeeyay deeq kasta ilaa Juulay 2020. Wakaaladaha federaaliga ah ee ay sahamisay The Washington Post bishii Luulyo 2021 waxa ay sheegeen in aanay wax hadiyad ah helin wixii ka dambeeyay bishaas. Muwaadiniinta Mas'uuliyadda iyo Anshaxa ee Washington ayaa sheegay 2024 inuu ku deeqay $448,000 oo lagu qiyaasay $13.6 milyan oo lacag ah oo uu ka helay dawlado shisheeye muddadiisii ​​ugu horreysay. ===Siyaasadda gudaha=== Trump wuxuu xafiiska la wareegay meesha ugu sarreysa ballaarinta dhaqaale ee ugu dheer taariikhda Mareykanka, kaasoo bilaabmay 2009 oo socday ilaa Febraayo 2020, markii hoos u dhaca COVID-19 uu bilaabmay. Bishii Disembar 2017, wuxuu saxiixay Sharciga dhimista Canshuuraha iyo Shaqada ee 2017 . Waxay hoos u dhigtay qiimaha cashuuraha ee ganacsiyada iyo shakhsiyaadka waxayna meesha ka saartay ciqaabtii la xidhiidhay sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo . Maamulka Trump ayaa ku andacoonaya in ficilku aanu hoos u dhigi doonin dakhliga dawladda, laakiin dakhliga 2018 ayaa 7.6 boqolkiiba ka hooseeya saadaasha. Marka loo eego Trump, hoos u dhaca miisaaniyada federaalku wuxuu kordhay ku dhawaad ​​50 boqolkiiba, ilaa ku dhawaad ​​$ 1 trillion 2019. Dhammaadkii muddadiisa, deynta qaranka Mareykanka waxay kordheen 39 boqolkiiba, taasoo gaartay $ 27.75 trillion, iyo saamiga US-deficit-to-GDP ayaa ku dhuftey mid sare oo ka mid ah Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Trump waxa kale oo uu ku guuldarraystay in uu ka dhabeeyo ballan-qaadkiisii ​​ololaha ee ahaa $1 trillion oo qorshe kharash-bixineed oo kaabayaasha ah. Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee casriga ah ee Maraykanka ee xilka ka taga isaga oo ka shaqaale yar marka loo eego markii uu xilka qabtay, saddex milyan oo qof. Wuxuu diiday fikradda sayniska ee isbeddelka cimilada . Wuxuu hoos u dhigay miisaaniyada cilmi baarista tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo 40 boqolkiiba wuxuuna bedelay siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee lagu hagayay isbedelka cimilada. Wuxuu ka baxay heshiiskii Paris , taasoo ka dhigtay Mareykanka dalka kaliya ee aan ansixin. Wuxuu ujeedkiisu ahaa in kor loo qaado wax soo saarka iyo dhoofinta shidaalka fosil . Gaaska dabiiciga ah ayaa balaariyay Trump, laakiin dhuxusha ayaa sii waday hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu dib u soo celiyay in ka badan 100 xeerarka deegaanka ee federaalka, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa xakameyey qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo , wasakhowga hawada iyo biyaha, iyo isticmaalka walxaha sunta ah. Wuxuu wiiqay ilaalinta xoolaha iyo heerarka deegaanka ee mashaariicda kaabayaasha federaalka, wuxuuna balaariyay meelaha la oggol yahay ee qodista iyo soo saarista kheyraadka, sida oggolaanshaha qodista Qaxootiga Arctic . Trump wuxuu burburiyay xeerarkii federaalka ee caafimaadka, shaqada, deegaanka, iyo meelo kale, oo ay ku jiraan sharci baabi'iyay xeerkii xilligii Obama ee xaddidayay iibinta hubka dadka maskaxda ka xanuunsan. Inta lagu jiro lixdii toddobaad ee ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, wuxuu dib u dhigay, hakiyay, ama beddelay sagaashan xeer federaal ah, inta badan "kadib codsiyo ka yimid warshadaha nidaamsan". Machadka Daacadnimada Siyaasadda wuxuu ogaaday in 78 boqolkiiba soo jeedintiisa ay xannibeen maxkamadaha ama aysan ka adkaan dacwadda. Intii lagu guda jiray ololihiisa, Trump wuxuu wacad ku maray inuu baabi'in doono oo uu bedeli doono Sharciga Daryeelka La awoodi karo . Xafiiska, waxa uu hoos u dhigay fulinta sharciga iyada oo loo marayo amarada fulinta. Wuxuu muujiyay rabitaan ah inuu "u oggolaado Obamacare inuu guuldareysto"; maamulkiisu waxa uu kala badh ka dhimay xilliga is-diiwaangelinta waxana uu si weyn u dhimay dhaqaalihii loogu talo galay dhiirrigelinta diiwaangelinta. Bishii Juun 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu ku biiray 18 dawladood oo Jamhuurigu hoggaamiyo oo ku doodaya ka hor Maxkamadda Sare in baabi'inta ganaaxyada maaliyadeed ee la xidhiidha waajibaadka shakhsi ahaaneed ay ka dhigtay sharciga mid dastuuri ah. Codsigoodu wuxuu baabi'in lahaa caymiska caafimaadka ilaa 23 milyan oo Maraykan ah, laakiin kuma guulaysan. Intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016, Trump wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu ilaalin doono maalgelinta Medicare iyo barnaamijyada kale ee badbaadada bulshada. Janaayo 2020, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaanka inuu tixgeliyo dhimista iyaga. Isagoo ka jawaabaya cudurka faafa ee opioid , Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharci sanadka 2018 si loo kordhiyo maalgelinta daawaynta daroogada, laakiin waxaa si weyn loogu dhaleeceeyay inuu ku guuldareystay inuu sameeyo istiraatiijiyad la taaban karo. Wuxuu ka mamnuucay hay'adaha bixiya ilmo iska soo rididda ama u gudbinta ilmo soo rididda inay helaan lacagaha federaalka. Waxa uu sheegay in uu taageeray "guurka dhaqameed", laakiin wuxuu tixgeliyey sharcinimada waddanka oo dhan ee guurka isku jinsiga ah "la degay". Maamulkiisu waxa uu dib u rogay qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah ilaalinta goobta shaqada ee maamulka Obama ee ka dhanka ah takoorka dadka LGBTQ .Isku daygiisii ​​isku daygiisii ​​ee ilaalinta takoorka ee bukaannada transgender- ka bishii Agoosto 2020 waxaa joojiyay garsoore federaal ah ka dib markii ay xukuntay Maxkamadda Sare ay kordhisay ilaalinta xuquuqda madaniga ah ee shaqaalaha aqoonsiga jinsiga iyo jihada galmada. Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu ka soo horjeedo xakamaynta hubka , in kasta oo ay aragtidiisu is beddeshay muddo ka dib. Maamulkiisu waxa uu qaatay mawqif ka dhan ah marijuana , isaga oo burinaya siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee ilaalin jiray dawladaha sharciyeeyay marijuana. Waa u doode muddo dheer ah ee ciqaabta dilka ah, iyo maamulkiisu wuxuu kormeeray dawladda federaalka ah ee fulinta 13 maxbuus, in ka badan 56 sano ee hore marka la isku daro, oo soo afjaraya 17 sano oo joojin ah. Sannadkii 2016, wuxuu sheegay inuu taageersan yahay isticmaalka hababka jirdilka su'aalaha "jahannamo aad uga xun kan biyaha-qaadista . ===Xiriirka jinsiyadeed=== Faallooyinka Trump ee 2017 Mideynta Dibad-baxa Xaqa ah , oo cambaareeyay "bandhiggan foosha xun ee nacaybka, nacaybka iyo rabshadaha dhinacyo badan" oo sheegaya in ay jiraan "dad aad u fiican oo labada dhinac ah", ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay inay muujinayaan u dhigma akhlaaqda u dhexeeya dibad-baxayaasha sare-sare ee cadaanka ah iyo mudaaharaadayaasha. Bishii Janaayo 2018 dood ku saabsan sharciga socdaalka, waxaa la sheegay inuu u tixraacay El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, iyo wadamada Afrika sida "wadamada shithole". Hadaladiisa waxaa lagu cambaareeyay cunsurinimo. [[File:President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(49964153176).jpg|Iyadoo koox saraakiil iyo la-taliyeyaal ah ay ka soo lugeeyeen Aqalka Cad kuna sii jeeday Kaniisadda St.]] Bishii Luulyo 2019, Trump ayaa bartiisa twitterka ku soo qoray in afar haween ah oo ka tirsan Kongareeska Dimuqraadiga—dhammaan dadka laga tirada badan yahay, oo seddex ka mid ah ay u dhasheen Mareykanka - ay tahay inay " ku laabtaan " dalalkii ay "ka yimaadeen".Laba maalmood ka dib Golaha Wakiiladu waxay u codeeyeen 240-187, inta badan iyagoo raacaya xisbiyada, si ay u cambaareeyaan "faallooyinka cunsuriyadda". Daabacaada wadani ee cadaanka ah iyo warbaahinta bulshada ayaa amaanay hadaladiisa, kuwaas oo sii socday maalmaha soo socda. Waxa uu sii waday hadallo la mid ah intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2020. Bishii Juun 2020, intii lagu jiray mudaaharaadyadii George Floyd , saraakiisha fulinta sharciga federaalku waxay isticmaaleen sunta dadka ka ilmeysiisa iyo tabaha kale ee dadka si ay uga saaraan dad badan oo nabdoon oo mudaaharaadayaal sharci ah fagaaraha Lafayette , bannaanka Aqalka Cad . Trump ayaa markaa la soo baxay Kitaabka Quduuska ah si uu sawir uga qaado Kaniisadda Episcopal St. Hogaamiyeyaal ciidan oo badan oo shaqada ka fadhiistay iyo saraakiisha difaaca ayaa cambaareeyay soo jeedintiisa ah in uu isticmaalo millatariga Maraykanka mudaharaadayaasha ka soo horjeeda bilayska. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee uu Trump xilka hayay, waxa uu oggolaaday 237 codsi oo naxariis ah, taas oo ka yar dhammaan madaxweynayaashii tan iyo 1900-kii marka laga reebo George HW Bush iyo George W. Bush . Keliya 25 iyaga ka mid ah ayaa waxaa shaandheeyay Xafiiska Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Xafiiska Qareenka Cafiska ; kuwa kale waxaa la siiyay dadka xiriirka shakhsi ahaaneed ama siyaasadeed ee isaga, qoyskiisa, iyo xulafadiisa, ama ay ku taliyaan dadka caanka ah. Maalintii ugu dambaysay ee uu xafiiska joogay, waxa uu ogolaaday 73 cafis waxana uu ka khafiifiyay 70 xukun. Dhawr xulafada Trump ah uma qalmin cafis marka loo eego xeerarka Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo xaalado kale waaxdu waxay ka soo horjeedsatay naxariista. Cafiskii saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan ciidanka milatariga oo lagu helay ama lagu soo oogay dambiyo rabshado wata ayaa waxaa ka soo horjeestay hogaamiyayaasha ciidamada. ===Socdaalka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg|thumb|Baarista tusaalaha darbiga xadka ee Otay Mesa, California]] Madaxweyne ahaan, Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay socdaalka sharci darrada ah inuu yahay "duulaanka" Maraykanka oo uu si weyn u kordhiyay fulinta socdaalka. Wuxuu hirgeliyay siyaasado adag oo ka dhan ah magangalyo-doonka wuxuuna u daabulay ku dhawaad ​​6,000 oo askari xadka US-Mexico si ay u joojiyaan isgoysyada sharci darrada ah. Waxa uu hoos u dhigay tirada qaxootiga loo ogolaaday in ay diiwaan gashadaan, laga bilaabo xadka sanadlaha ah ee 110,000 ka hor inta uusan xafiiska la wareegin 15,000 ee 2021 . Mid ka mid ah ballamihiisii ​​ololaha dhexe waxa ay ahayd in uu derbi ka dhisayo xudduudda US-Mexico ; intii lagu jiray xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Maraykanku wuxuu dhisay 73 mayl (117 km) oo derbi ah meelaha aan lahayn caqabadaha iyo 365 mayl (587 km) si uu u beddelo caqabadaha hore. 2018, diidmada Trump ee ah in uu saxeexo kharash kasta oo kharash ah ilaa ay u qoondaysay maalgelinta darbiga xuduudka waxay keentay xidhidhkii ugu dheeraa abid ee dawladda dhexe , muddo 35 maalmood ah laga bilaabo Disembar 2018 ilaa Janaayo 2019. Si looga fogaado xidhitaan kale, Koongarasku waxa uu soo saaray biil dhaqaale oo dhan $1.4 bilyan oo loogu talagalay dayrarka xuduudaha bishii Febraayo. Trump ayaa markii dambe ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo heer qaran ah oo ku taal xudduudda koonfureed si uu u leexiyo $ 6.1 bilyan oo maalgelin ah derbiga xudduudaha inkastoo congress-ka is khilaafeen. Bishii Janaayo 2017, Trump wuxuu saxiixay amar fulin oo u diidaya inay soo galaan muwaadiniinta lix waddan oo Muslimiin u badan afar bilood iyo inay ka yimaadaan Suuriya si aan xad lahayn. Amarka ayaa sababay mudaaharaadyo badan iyo caqabado sharci taasoo keentay amarro dalka oo dhan ah . Amarka dib loo eegay oo bixiya qaar ka reeban ayaa sidoo kale xannibay maxkamadaha, laakiin Maxkamadda Sare waxay xukuntay bishii Juun in mamnuucida la fulin karo kuwa ka maqan " xidhiidh daacad ah oo lala yeesho qof ama hay'ad" gudaha Maraykanka saraakiil, laakiin waxay ka saareen Ciraaq iyo Suudaan. Maxkamadda Sare waxay ogolaatay in noocaas uu dhaqan galo Diseembar 2017, oo ugu dambeyntii taageertay xayiraadda 2019. Laga soo bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu lahaa siyaasad kala qaybsanaan qoys oo kala saaray in ka badan 4,400 carruurta soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee waalidkood, 2 ee Maraykanka . Siyaasad aan hore loo arag. ayaa dalka ka dhalisay cadho dadweyne. Inkasta oo Trump uu markii hore eedaynayay Dimuqraadiyiinta oo uu ku adkaystay inuusan joojin karin siyaasadda amarka fulinta, wuxuu aqbalay cadaadiska dadweynaha bishii Juun 2018 wuxuuna amray in qoysaska soogalootiga sharci-darrada ah la wada xiro haddii aysan "ay jirin walaac" khatarta ilmaha. Garsooraha ayaa markii dambe amar ku bixiyay in qoysaska la isu keeno oo kala fogaansho dheeraad ah la joojiyo marka laga reebo xaalado xaddidan, inkastoo in ka badan 1,000 carruur dheeraad ah laga soocay qoysaskooda amarka ka dib. ===Siyaasada Arimaha Dibada=== [[File:-G7Biarritz_(48616362963).jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyayaasha G7 ayaa shir madaxeedka 45-aad ee Fransiiska, 2019]] Trump wuxuu isku tilmaamay inuu yahay "qaraniyad" iyo siyaasadiisa arrimaha dibadda " America First ". Waxa uu taageeray dawladihii populist , neo-nationalist , iyo dawlado kali-talis ah. Saadalin la'aan, hubanti la'aan, iyo iswaafaqla'aan ayaa lagu gartaa xiriirka dibadda intii uu xilka hayay. Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo xulafadiisa reer Yurub waxa uu ahaa mid xun intii uu Trump joogay. Wuxuu dhaleeceeyay xulafada NATO wuxuuna si gaar ah u soo jeediyay in Maraykanku ka baxo NATO . Trump wuxuu taageeray siyaasado badan oo ka mid ah siyaasadaha ra'iisul wasaaraha Israel Benjamin Netanyahu . Sannadkii 2020, Trump waxa uu martigeliyay saxeexa heshiiskii Abraham ee u dhexeeyay Israa’iil iyo Imaaraadka Carabta iyo Baxrayn si ay caadi uga dhigaan xidhiidhkooda dibadda. [[File:President_Trump_%26_the_First_Lady%27s_Trip_to_Europe_(42547210635).jpg|thumb|Isagoo gacan qaadaya madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin intii lagu jiray shirkii 2018 ee Helsinki , Finland]] Trump ayaa dagaal ganacsi la bilaabay Shiinaha 2018 ka dib markii uu ku soo rogay canshuuro iyo caqabado kale oo ganacsi oo uu sheegay in ay ku qasbi doonto Shiinaha in ay soo afjarto ku dhaqanka ganacsiga cadaalad darada ah ee mudada dheer soo jiray iyo ku xadgudubka hantida garaadka . Trump waxa uu wiiqay cunaqabatayntii ugu adkeyd ee uu Maraykanku soo rogay ka dib markii 2014 uu Ruushku la wareegay Crimea . Trump wuu ammaanay oo, sida ay sheegeen qaar ka mid ah dadka dhaleeceeyay, dhif ayuu u dhaleeceeyay madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin , inkasta oo uu ka soo horjeestay tallaabooyinka qaar ee dawladda Ruushka. Waxa uu Maraykanka ka saaray heshiiska dhex-dhexaadka ah ee ciidamada Nukliyeerka , isaga oo u cuskanaya in Ruushku aanu u hoggaansamin, oo uu taageeray suurtagalnimada in Ruushku ku soo laabto G7 . Iyada oo hubka Nukliyeerka ee Waqooyiga Kuuriya loo arkayay khatar halis ah, Trump wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Maraykan ah ee la kulma hoggaamiyaha Kuuriyada Waqooyi, oo la kulmay Kim Jong Un saddex jeer : Singapore bishii Juun 2018, Hanoi bishii Febraayo 2019, iyo Aagga Dillatari ee Kuuriya ee Juun 2019 ===Shaqaale=== Dhammaadkii sannadkii ugu horreeyay ee Trump xafiiska, 34 boqolkiiba shaqaalahiisa asalka ah waa ay iska casileen, shaqada laga eryay, ama waa la bedelay. Ilaa Luulyo 2018, 61 boqolkiiba kaaliyeyaashiisa sare ayaa ka tagay iyo shaqaalaha 141 ayaa ka tagay sannadkii hore. Labada tiroba waxay dhigayaan rikoodh madaxweynayaashii dhawaa. Kaaliyeyaasha gaarka ah ee u dhow Trump ayaa shaqada ka tagay ama lagu qasbay. Waxa uu si cad u bahdilay dhowr ka mid ah saraakiishiisii ​​ugu sarraysay. Trump wuxuu lahaa afar madax oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad , isaga oo fogeynaya ama riixaya dhowr. Bishii Maajo 2017, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay agaasimihii FBI James Comey , isagoo sheegay maalmo ka dib inuu ka walaacsan yahay doorka Comey ee baaritaannada Trump iyo Ruushka. Saddex ka mid ah 15-kii xubnood ee asalka ahaa ee Trump ayaa baxay ama lagu qasbay inay is casilaan sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay. Trump wuu ka gaabiyay inuu magacaabo saraakiisha heerka labaad ee waaxda fulinta, isagoo sheegay in jagooyin badan oo aan loo baahnayn. Bishii Oktoobar 2017, waxaa jiray boqollaal jagooyin hoosaadyo ah oo aan la magacaabin. Ilaa Janaayo 8, 2019, ee 706 jagooyin muhiim ah, 433 ayaa la buuxiyay mana uusan u magacaabin 264. ===Garsoorka=== Trump ayaa magacaabay 226 garsoore oo heer federaal ah , oo ay ku jiraan 54 ka mid ah maxkamadaha rafcaanka iyo saddex ka mid ah maxkamadda sare : Neil Gorsuch , Brett Kavanaugh , iyo Amy Coney Barrett . Magacaabistiisa Maxkamadda Sare waxay siyaasad ahaan u wareejisay Maxkamadda dhinaca midig. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ballan qaaday in Roe v. Wade la rogi doono "si toos ah" haddii isaga la doorto oo la siiyo fursad uu ku magacaabo laba ama saddex garsoorayaasha ka hortagga ilmo soo rididda. Ka dib waxa uu qaatay sumcad markii Roe uu afgembiyay Dobbs v. Jackson Ururka Caafimaadka Haweenka 2022; Dhammaan saddexdii xubnood ee uu soo magacaabay Maxkamadda Sare waxay ku codeeyeen aqlabiyadda. Trump wuxuu quudhsaday maxkamadaha iyo garsoorayaasha uu ku khilaafay, inta badan qaab shakhsiyeed, wuxuuna su'aal galiyay awoodda dastuuriga ah ee garsoorka. Weerradiisa uu ku qaaday maxkamadaha ayaa waxaa ka dhashay canaan ka timid goobjoogayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan garsoorayaal heer federaal ah oo fadhiyey, kuwaas oo ka walaacsanaa saamaynta hadalladiisu ku yeelan karaan madaxbannaanida garsoorka iyo kalsoonida shacabku ku qabaan garsoorka. ===Cudurka caalamiga ah covid-19=== [[File:White_House_Press_Briefing_(49666120807).jpg|thumb|Qabashada war-saxaafadeed COVID-19 ah oo lala yeelanayo xubnaha Aqalka Cad ee Hawl-galka Coronavirus March 15, 2020]] Trump ayaa markii hore iska dhaga tiray digniinaha caafimaadka bulshada iyo baaqyada ah in tallaabo laga qaado saraakiisha caafimaadka ee maamulkiisa. Trump wuxuu aasaasay Ciidanka Aqalka Cad ee Coronavirus bishii Janaayo 29. Bishii Maarso 27, wuxuu saxiixay sharciga CARES Act - $ 2.2 trillion biilka kicinta dhaqaalaha laba geesoodka ah - kicinta ugu weyn taariikhda Mareykanka. Ka dib toddobaadyo weeraro ah si ay uga fogaato jawaabtiisa gaabis ah, Trump wuxuu joojiyay maalgelinta Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka bishii Abriil. Bishii Abriil 2020, kooxaha ku xiran Jamhuuriga ayaa abaabulay mudaaharaadyo ka dhan ah qufulka oo looga soo horjeedo tallaabooyinka ay dowladaha gobolladu qaadayeen si ay ula dagaallamaan masiibada; Trump ayaa ku dhiirigeliyay mudaaharaadyada Twitter-ka , in kasta oo dawladaha la beegsaday aysan la kulmin tilmaamaha maamulkiisa ee dib u furitaanka. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u cadaadiyay hay'adaha caafimaadka federaalka inay qaadaan tallaabooyin uu doorbiday, sida oggolaanshaha daaweynta aan la xaqiijin. Bishii Oktoobar, Trump waxa la dhigay cusbitaalka Xarunta Caafimaadka Qaranka ee Walter Reed muddo saddex maalmood ah iyada oo uu jiro kiis daran oo ah COVID-19 ===Baaritaanada=== Ka dib markii uu la wareegay xafiiska, Trump wuxuu ahaa mawduuca kordhinta Waaxda Caddaaladda iyo kormeerka Kongareeska, iyada oo la baarayo ololihiisa doorashada, kala-guurka, iyo caleema saarka, tallaabooyinkii la qaaday intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa, ganacsigiisa gaarka ah , canshuuraha shakhsi ahaaneed, iyo aasaaska samafalka . Waxaa jiray toban baaritaan dembi oo federaal ah, siddeed gobol iyo baaritaanno maxalli ah, iyo laba iyo toban baaritaan oo kongareeska ah. Bishii Luulyo 2016, FBI waxay bilawday duufaanta Crossfire , baaritaan ku saabsan xiriirka suurtagalka ah ee ka dhexeeya Ruushka iyo ololaha Trump ee 2016. Kadib markii Trump uu shaqada ka eryay Comey bishii Maajo 2017, FBI-da ayaa furtay baaritaan labaad oo ku saabsan xiriirkii shakhsi ahaaneed iyo ganacsi ee Trump uu la yeeshay Ruushka . Bishii Janaayo 2017, saddex hay'adood oo sirdoon oo Mareykan ah ayaa si wadajir ah u sheegay "kalsooni sare" in Ruushku uu farageliyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump. Shaki badan xidhiidho ka dhexeeya saaxiibada Trump iyo saraakiisha Ruushka ayaa la ogaaday. Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Ruushka ee doorashada. Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah ayaa markii dambe loo wareejiyay baaritaanka qareenka gaarka ah ee Robert Mueller ; Baaritaanka ku saabsan xiriirka Trump iyo Ruushka waxaa soo afjaray ku xigeenka xeer ilaaliyaha guud Rod Rosenstein ka dib markii uu u sheegay FBI in Mueller uu sii wadi doono arrinta. Codsiga Rosenstein, baaritaanka Mueller wuxuu baaray arrimaha dambiyada "ee la xiriira faragelinta doorashada 2016 ee Ruushka". Mueller ayaa soo gudbiyay warbixintiisii ​​u dambaysay bishii March 2019. Warbixintu waxay ogaatay in Ruushku uu farageliyay 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump iyo in Trump iyo ololihiisii ​​ay soo dhaweeyeen oo ay dhiiri galiyeen dadaalka, laakiin caddaynta "ma aysan xaqiijin" in Ruushka ama xubnaha ololaha Trump ay abaabuleen. Trump waxa uu ku andacooday in warbixintaasi ay ka saartay isaga in kasta oo Mueller uu qoray in aanay taasi dhicin. Warbixintu waxay sidoo kale faahfaahisay carqaladaynta suurtagalka ah ee caddaaladda ee Trump, laakiin "ma aysan soo saarin gabagabada kama dambaysta ah" oo ka tagtay go'aanka lagu soo oogay sharciyada Congress-ka. Bishii Abriil 2019, Guddiga Kormeerka ee Aqalka ayaa soo saaray amar maxkamadeed oo ay ku raadinayaan faahfaahin maaliyadeed bangiyada Trump, Deutsche Bank iyo Capital One , iyo shirkaddiisa xisaabaadka, Mazars USA . Wuxuu dacweeyay bangiyada, Mazars, iyo guddoomiyaha guddiga Elijah Cummings si looga hortago in la shaaciyo. Bishii Maajo, laba garsoore ayaa xukuntay in Mazars iyo bangiyada labadaba ay tahay inay u hoggaansamaan amar-qaadista; . Qareennada Trump ayaa racfaan ka qaatay. Bishii Sebtembar 2022, Trump iyo guddiga ayaa ku heshiiyey heshiis ku saabsan Mazars, shirkadduna waxay bilowday inay wareejiso dukumentiyada. ===Eedaynta=== [[File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_(49498772251).jpg|thumb|Soo bandhigida cinwaanka "Trump waa la sii daayay" 2020]] Trump waxaa laba jeer xilka ka xayuubiyey aqalka Congress-ka, in kastoo aqalka senate-ka ay labada jeerba dambi ku soo oogeen. Xil ka qaadistii ugu horeysay ayaa ka dhalatay cabasho sir ah oo bishii Luulyo 2019 Trump ku cadaadiyay madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy inuu baadho Joe iyo Hunter Biden, isagoo isku dayaya inuu faa'iido ka helo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2020 . Bishii Disembar 2019, aqalku wuxuu u codeeyay in Trump lagu soo oogo ku takri fal awoodeed iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka , iyo Senatka ayaa dambi ku waayay Febraayo 2020. Xil ka qaadista labaad ayaa timid ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo ee Capitol, kaas oo aqalku uu Trump ku soo oogay in uu kiciyay kacdoon 13-kii Janaayo 2021. Trump ayaa xafiiska ka tagay 20-kii Janaayo, waxaana lagu sii daayay Febraayo 13. Todobo senate oo Jamhuuriya ayaa u codeeyay xukun. ===2020 doorashada madaxweynaha=== Trump wuxuu xareeyay inuu u tartamo dib-u-doorashada saacado yar uun ka dib markii uu noqday madaxweynaha 2017. Waxa uu qabtay isu soo baxkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee dib-u-doorashada wax ka yar bil ka dib markii uu xafiiska qabtay wuxuuna si rasmi ah u noqday musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga Agoosto 2020. Ololaha Trump wuxuu diiradda saaray dambiyada, isagoo ku andacoonaya in magaalooyinka ay hoos ugu dhici doonaan sharci-darro haddii Dimuqraadigu ku guuleysto doorashada. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u beeniyey boosaska Biden wuxuuna ka codsaday cunsuriyadda. Laga bilaabo horraantii 2020, Trump wuxuu abuuray shaki ku saabsan doorashada, isagoo ku andacoonaya caddayn la'aan in la musuqmaasuqi doono iyo in isticmaalka baahsan ee waraaqaha waraaqaha ay soo saari doonto khiyaamo doorasho oo ballaaran. Wuxuu xannibay maalgelinta Adeegga Boostada Mareykanka , isagoo sheegay inuu doonayo inuu ka hortago koror kasta oo ku yimaada codbixinta boostada. Wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu diiday inuu sheego inuu aqbali doono natiijada haddii laga guulaysto oo uu ballan qaado in si nabad ah xukunka loogu kala wareejiyo . ===Luminta Biden iyo diidmada natiijada=== Biden wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii November 2020, isagoo helay 81.3 milyan cod (51.3 boqolkiiba) Trump's 74.2 milyan (46.8 boqolkiiba ) iyo 306 codadka doorashada ee Trump 's 232 . subaxa ka dib doorashada. Maalmo ka dib, markii Biden la saadaaliyay in uu guulaysanayo, Trump waxa uu si aan sal iyo raad toona lahayn u eedeeyay musuqmaasuqa doorashada. Iyadoo qayb ka ah dadaalka lagu doonayo in lagu baabi'iyo natiijada , Trump iyo xulafadiisa ayaa gudbiyay dacwado badan oo ka dhan ah natiijooyinka , kuwaas oo ay diideen ugu yaraan 86 garsoore oo ka tirsan maxkamadaha gobolka iyo federaalka labadaba iyagoo aan lahayn wax xaqiiqo ah ama sharci ah. Eedeymaha Trump waxaa sidoo kale beeniyay saraakiisha doorashada ee gobolka, Maxkamadda Sare ayaa diiday in ay dhageysato kiis lagu codsanayo in la baabi'iyo natiijada afar gobol oo uu ku guuleystay Biden. Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u raadsaday caawimo si uu u rogo natiijooyinka, isaga oo shakhsi ahaan cadaadis saaraya Jamhuuriga maxalliga ah iyo kuwa haya xafiisyada gobolka, Sharci-dejiyaha Jamhuuriga, Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo Madaxweyne Ku-Xigeenka Pence, oo ku boorriyay ficillada sida beddelka cod-bixiyeyaasha madaxweynaha , ama in saraakiisha Georgia ay ku dhawaaqeen natiijada "dhammaan" Toddobaadyadii doorashada ka dib, Trump wuu ka baxay hawlihii guud. Waxa uu markii hore ka horjoogsaday saraakiisha dawladda in ay la shaqeeyaan Biden ee ku-meel-gaadhka madaxweynenimada . Saddex toddobaad ka dib, maamulaha Maamulka Adeegyada Guud wuxuu ku dhawaaqay Biden "guuleeyaha muuqda" ee doorashada, isaga oo u oggolaanaya bixinta agabka kala-guurka kooxdiisa. Inkastoo Trump uu sheegay in uu ku taliyay in GSA ay bilowdo hab-maamuuska kala-guurka, weli si rasmi ah uma uusan aqbalin. Trump kama uusan qeybgalin xafladdii Biden ee Janaayo 20. ===Janaayo 6-dii weerarkii Capitol=== Bishii Disembar 2020, waxaa soo baxay warbixino sheegaya in hoggaamiyeyaasha millatariga Mareykanka ay heegan sare ku jireen, saraakiisha darajo sarena ay ka wada hadleen waxa la sameeyo haddii Trump uu ku dhawaaqo sharciga dagaalka . Agaasimaha CIA Gina Haspel iyo General General Mark Milley , oo ah gudoomiyaha Taliyaasha Wadajirka ah ee Shaqaalaha , ayaa ka walaacsanaa in Trump uu isku dayo inqilaab ama tallaabo militari oo ka dhan ah Shiinaha ama Iran. Milley wuxuu ku adkaystay in lagala tashado amar kasta oo militari oo ka yimaada Trump, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka hubka nukliyeerka. [[File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_(50820534063)_(retouched).jpg|thumb|Dadweyne taageersan Trump intii uu weerarka socday]] Duhurnimadii Janaayo 6, 2021, iyadoo Congress-ka uu caddaynayay natiijada doorashada madaxtinimada ee Capitol US , Trump wuxuu ku qabtay isu soo bax ka dhacay Ellipse oo u dhow . Isagoo ka hadlayay gadaasha muraayad dhalo ah, wuxuu ku baaqay in doorashada la rogo wuxuuna ku booriyay taageerayaashiisa inay "la dagaalamaan sida cadaabta" oo "ay dib u soo ceshadaan waddankeena" iyagoo u socda Capitol. Taageerayaashiisa ayaa markaa sameeyay koox koox ah oo jebisay dhismaha , carqaladeeyay shahaadada waxayna sababtay daad-gureynta Congress-kaaIintii lagu guda jiray weerarka, Trump wuxuu ku dhajiyay baraha bulshada laakiin ma uusan weydiisan rabshado inay kala firdhiyaan. Qoraal uu soo dhigay bartiisa Twitter -ka 6-dii maqribnimo ayuu u sheegay in ay “Guryaha ku tagaan jacayl & nabad”, waxa uu ugu yeeray “wadani-weyn”, waxa uuna ku celiyay in uu ku guuleystay doorashada. Koongarasku mar dambe ayaa dib loo furay oo xaqiijiyay guushii Biden saacadihii hore ee Janaayo 7. In ka badan 140 booliis ah ayaa ku dhaawacmay, shan qofna way dhinteen intii uu socday ama ka dib weerarka. Dhacdadan ayaa lagu tilmaamay isku day afgambi oo uu sameeyay Trump. ==Inta u dhaxaysa madaxweynayaasha (2021-2025)== Markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ku noolaado Mar-a-Lago, isaga oo xafiis ka samaystay halkaas sida uu dhigayo sharciga madaxweynayaashii hore . Sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee sii socota ee ku saabsan doorashada 2020 waxaa caadi ahaan loogu yeeraa " beenta weyn " ee uu dhaleeceeyay, inkastoo May 2021, isaga iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa ay bilaabeen isticmaalka ereyga si ay u tixraacaan doorashada lafteeda. Xisbiga Jamhuurigu wuxuu u adeegsaday sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee ku saabsan doorashada si uu ugu caddeeyo soo rogida xannibaadaha codbixinta cusub ee ay ku jirto. Wuxuu sii waday inuu ku cadaadiyo sharci-dejiyeyaasha gobolka inay joojiyaan doorashada. Si ka duwan madaxweynayaashii hore ee kale, Trump wuxuu sii waday inuu xukumo xisbigiisa; profile 2022 ee New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay inuu yahay madaxa xisbiga casriga ah . Waxa uu sii waday lacag ururinta, isaga oo kor u qaaday xabad dagaal oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan laba jeer xisbiga Jamhuuriga, oo uu ka faa'iidaystay lacag ururinta musharaxiin badan oo Jamhuuri ah oo lagu qabtay Mar-a-Lago. Inta badan waxa uu diiradda saaray maamulka xisbiga iyo in uu xilal muhiim ah ka dhigo saraakiil isaga daacad u ah. Doorashadii xilliga dhexe ee 2022 , wuxuu taageeray in ka badan 200 oo musharraxiin ah oo u tartamaya xafiisyo kala duwan. Bishii Febraayo 2021, wuxuu diiwaangeliyay shirkad cusub, Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG), si ay u siiso "adeegyada isku xirka bulshada" macaamiisha Mareykanka. Bishii Maarso 2024, TMTG waxay ku biirtay shirkad soo iibsata ujeedo gaar ah oo Digital World Acquisition waxayna noqotay shirkad dadweyne . Bishii Febraayo 2022, TMTG waxay bilowday Truth Social , oo ah madal warbaahinta bulshada ah. ===Arrimaha sharciga=== Sannadkii 2019-kii, wariye E. Jean Carroll ayaa ku eedeeyay Trump inuu kufsaday 1990-meeyadii, wuxuuna ku dacweeyay sumcad-dil uu u geystay diidmadiisa. Carroll ayaa mar kale dacweeyay 2022 batari iyo sumcad dil dheeraad ah. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay xadgudub galmo iyo sumcad dil waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo $ 5 milyan hal kiis iyo $ 83.3 milyan kan kale. Maxkamadaha rafcaanka federaalku waxay taageereen natiijooyinkii iyo abaal-marintii Diseembar 2024 iyo Sebtembar 2025, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sannadkii 2022, New York waxay soo gudbisay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyada oo ku eedaysay inuu sare u qaaday qiimaha Ururka Trump si uu faa'iido uga helo bixiyeyaasha iyo bangiyada. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo ku dhawaad ​​$355 milyan oo lagu daray dulsaar. Bishii Agoosto 2025, maxkamadda rafcaanku waxay taageertay mas'uuliyadda Trump iyo ganaaxyada aan lacagta ahayn laakiin waxay meesha ka saartay ciqaabta lacageed oo xad dhaaf ah [[File:Classified_intelligence_material_found_during_search_of_Mar-a-Lago.jpg|thumb|Walax sirdoon oo sir ah ayaa la helay intii lagu jiray raadinta Mar-a-Lago]] Iyada oo la xidhiidha dadaalka Trump ee uu ku doonayo in uu ku joojiyo doorashada 2020 iyo ku lug lahaanshaha weerarkii January 6, December 2022 guddiga Aqalka Maraykanka ee weerarka ayaa soo jeediyay eedeymaha dambiyada ka dhanka ah isaga oo hor istaagay dacwad rasmi ah , shirqool lagu khiyaameeyay Maraykanka , iyo kicinta ama caawinta kacdoonka. Bishii Agoosto 2023, xeerbeegti weyn oo ku taal Fulton County, Georgia , ayaa ku soo oogtay 13 eedeymo, oo ay ku jiraan racketeering , dadaalkiisa uu ku doonayo inuu ku dumiyo doorashada 2020 ee gobolka. Bishii Janaayo 2022, Maamulka Kaydka iyo Diiwaanka Qaranka ayaa soo saaray 15 sanduuq oo dukumeenti ah oo Trump u qaaday Mar-a-Lago ka dib markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo qaarkood la sifeeyay. Baaritaankii Waaxda Caddaaladda ee xigay, mas'uuliyiintu waxay ka soo saareen dukumeentiyo sir ah oo badan oo qareenadiisa ah. Agoosto 8, 2022, wakiilada FBI waxay Mar-a-Lago ka baadheen dukumeenti si sharci darro ah loo haysto, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa jebinta sharciga basaasnimada , ururinta 11 dukumeenti qarsoodi ah, qaar sir sare leh. Xeer -beegti heer federaal ah oo uu sameeyay La-taliyaha Gaarka ah Jack Smith ayaa Trump ku soo oogay bishii Juun 2023 31 dacwadood oo ah "si ula kac ah u haynta macluumaadka difaaca qaranka" sida hoos timaada Xeerka Basaasnimada , iyo eedeymo kale. Trump wuu diiday dambiga. Bishii Luulyo 2024, garsoore Aileen Cannon ayaa meesha ka saaray kiiska , xukunka Smith magacaabistiisa xeer ilaaliye gaar ah wuxuu ahaa sharci darro. Bishii Maajo 2024, Trump waxaa lagu xukumay 34 dacwadood oo dembi ah oo ka been sheegay diiwaannada ganacsiga . Kiisku wuxuu ka yimid caddayn ah inuu ballansaday lacag-bixinnada lacagta-ka-soo-baxa ee Michael Cohen ee jilaa filimada qaangaarka ah ee Stormy Daniels sida kharashaadka ganacsiga si uu u daboolo eedeymihiisii ​​2006-2007 ee Daniels intii lagu jiray doorashadii 2016. Janaayo 10, 2025, xaakimku wuxuu siiyay Trump xukun ciqaab la'aan ah oo loo yaqaan siideyn shuruud la'aan ah, isagoo sheegay in shuruudaha ciqaabta ay faragelinayaan xasaanadda madaxweynaha. Ka dib markii dib loo doortay, kiiskii carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 iyo kiiskii dukumeentiyada qarsoodiga ahaa waa la eryay iyada oo aan la eedayn siyaasada Waaxda Cadaaladda ee ka dhanka ah dacwad qaadista madaxweynayaasha. ==2024 doorashada madaxweynaha== Bishii Noofambar 2022, Trump wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu u tartamayo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2024 wuxuuna abuuray akoon lacag ururin ah. Bishii Maarso 2023, ololuhu wuxuu bilaabay inuu u weeciyo boqolkiiba toban deeqaha hoggaankiisa PAC . Ololihiisu waxa uu bixiyay $100 milyan oo ku wajahan biilasha sharciga ah March 2024. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump wuxuu sameeyay hadallo rabshado wata oo isa soo taraya. Waxa uu sheegay in uu hubayn doono FBI-da iyo Waaxda Caddaaladda ee ka soo horjeeda siyaasaddiisa oo uu u adeegsado militariga si uu u beegsado siyaasiyiinta Dimuqraadiga ah iyo kuwa aan taageersanayn musharaxnimadiisa. Wuxuu adeegsaday hadallo ka daran oo bini'aadantinimada ka dhan ah intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa. Hadalkiisa, isaga oo ugu yeeraya mucaaradkiisa siyaasadeed "cadow", cayayaan, iyo faashiistaha, ayaa taariikhyahannada iyo aqoonyahannada qaarkood ku tilmaameen kalitalisnimo, faashiste oo ka duwan wax kasta oo musharax siyaasadeed uu waligiis ku sheegay taariikhda Mareykanka. Da'da iyo welwelka caafimaadka ayaa sidoo kale kacday intii lagu jiray ololaha, iyada oo dhowr khabiiro caafimaad ah ay muujinayaan kororka xamaasada, hadalka jilicsan iyo dabeecadda . Trump wuxuu xusay "doorasho la musuq-maasuqay" iyo "faragelin doorashada" ka hor iyo in ka badan intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016 iyo 2020 wuxuuna diiday inuu ballan qaado inuu aqbalo natiijada doorashada 2024. Falanqeeyayaasha New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay tan sida xoojinta "madaxyada aan ku guuleysto; dabo aad khiyaamayso" xeeladaha hadal; Wargeysku waxa uu sheegay in sheegashada doorashada lagu shubtay ay noqotay laf dhabarta ololaha. July 13, 2024, Trump ayaa dhegta lagu toogtay isku day dil oo ka dhacay isu soo bax olole oo ka dhacay magaalada Butler Township, Pennsylvania . Laba maalmood ka dib, Shirweynihii Qaranka ee Jamhuuriga ee 2024 ayaa u magacaabay musharaxa madaxweynenimo. Bishii Sebtembar, waa la bartilmaameedsaday laakiin waxba ma gaarin isku day dil oo Florida ka dhacay . Trump wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii Noofambar 2024 isagoo helay 312 codadka doorashada madaxweyne ku xigeenka Kamala Harris's 226. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku guuleystay codadka caanka ah 49.8% Harris' 48.3%. Guushiisa 2024 waxay qayb ka ahayd dib-u-dhac caalami ah oo ka dhan ah xisbiyada xilka haya, oo qayb weyn ka ah sicir bararka 2021-2023 . Dhowr xarumood ayaa ku tilmaamay dib u doorashadiisa soo laabasho aan caadi ahayn. ==Madaxweynaha labaad (2025- hadda)== [[File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_(2025)_(alternate).jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , waxaa maamula madaxa cadaalada John Roberts , Janaayo 20, 2025]] Trump wuxuu bilaabay markiisa labaad markii uu xilka qabtay Janaayo 20, 2025. Wuxuu noqday shaqsiga ugu da'da weyn ee qabta xilka madaxtinimo , madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee dambi culus lagu soo oogay, iyo qofkii labaad ee laba xilli oo aan isku xigta madaxweyne ka noqdo. Isku daygiisii ​​uu ku doonayay inuu ku balaadhiyo awoodda madaxweynaha iyo iska horimaadyada maxkamadaha ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay sifada qeexaysa xilligiisa labaad. ===Ficilada hore, 2025- hadda=== Markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, Trump waxa uu saxeexay amarro fulineed oo taxane ah . Qaar badan oo kuwan ka mid ah waxay tijaabiyeen awooddiisa sharci, waxayna soo saareen tallaabo sharci oo degdeg ah. Wuxuu soo saaray amaro fulineed ka badan maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne kasta. Afar maalmood oo ka mid ah xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad, falanqaynta uu sameeyay Time waxay ogaatay in ku dhawaad ​​​​saddex-meelood laba meelood ee ficilladiisa fulinta "muraayada ama qayb ahaan muraayadda" soo jeedinta Mashruuca 2025 . Toddobaadyadiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, dhowr ka mid ah ficilladiisa ayaa iska indhatiray ama ku xad-gudbay sharciyada federaalka, qawaaniinta, iyo Dastuurka sida ay qabaan culimada sharciga ee Mareykanka. Bishii ugu horreysay ee maamulkiisa, Trump wuxuu soo saaray sagaashan amar fulineed, qoraallo, iyo awaamiir. Waxa uu u adeegsaday dawladda si uu u beegsado dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda iyo ficilladiisa ka dhanka ah bulshada rayidka ah ayay khubarada sharciga iyo boqollaal saynisyahano siyaasadeed ku tilmaameen mid keli-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Awaamiirtiisa iyo ficilladiisa waxaa ka soo horjeestay in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo dalka oo dhan ah, iyada oo intooda badan ay weli u socdaan maxkamadaha July 2. ===Iskahorimaadyada xiisaha, 2025 - hadda=== Madaxtinimadii labaad ee Trump waxaa lagu tilmaamay in uu leeyahay ilaalin yar oo ka dhan ah iskahorimaadyada danaha marka loo eego kii ugu horreeyay, iyo jabinta tobannaan sano oo xeerarka anshaxa. Waxa uu sii waday shirkad si guud looga ganacsado oo ku taal Trump Media & Technology Group , wuxuuna u kala beddelay adeegyo maaliyadeed. Waxa uu daba galay heshiisyo cusub oo hanti ma guurto ah oo dibadda ah oo ay ku lug leeyihiin hay'ado dawladeed oo xidhiidh la leh, waxana uu lahaa dhawr shirkadood oo calaamadayn iyo shati bixin ah oo uu ku iibinayo badeecooyinka sumadda Trump. Waxa uu ka faa'iideystey xafladaha lagu qabto hoteeladiisa iyo koorsooyinkiisa golf-ka, hantidiisana ma gelin kalsooni indho-la'aan ah, sidii madaxweynayaashii hore ay yeeli jireen. Bishii Agoosto 2025, shaacinta qasabka ah ee Trump ee maalgashiga ayaa muujisay in, tan iyo markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, uu sameeyay 690 iibsasho curaarta degmada iyo saamiyada shirkadaha oo wadartoodu ay dhan tahay ugu yaraan $104 milyan. Waxaa ku jiray saamiyada shirkadaha ay saameeyeen isbeddelada uu ku sameeyay siyaasadaha federaalka. Trump waxa uu meesha ka saaray hab-raacii anshaxa ee maamulkii hore iyo fulinta sharciyada mamnuucaya laaluushka iyada oo aan la samayn hab-raacyo anshaxeed oo rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay dadka loo magacaabayo siyaasadda, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay la soo galeen maamulkiisa "liiska aan caadiga ahayn ee weyn ee isku dhacyada xiisaha leh". Waxa uu meesha ka saaray eedeymihii musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ahaa siyaasiyiintii xiriirka la lahaa isaga wuxuuna joojiyay dhaqangelinta sharciga mamnuucaya in shirkadaha ka shaqeeya Mareykanka ay laaluushaan dowlado shisheeye. Trump wuxuu bilaabay, dallacsiiyay, oo shakhsi ahaan uga faa'iidaystay laba calaamadood oo cryptocurrency ah ("qadaadiicda meme"), $ Trump iyo $ Melania. Waxa kale oo uu si toos ah uga faa'iidaystay qoyskiisa shirkadda cryptocurrency World Liberty Financial , taas oo ku hawlan isku-dhafka aan horay loo arag ee ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay iyo siyaasadda dawladda. Bishii Luulyo 2025, maamulka Trump wuxuu Qatar ka aqbalay $400 milyan diyaarad qaali ah si uu ugu adeego Air Force One ilaa dhamaadka xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad ka dibna loo wareejiyo maktabadiisa madaxtooyada. Dib u habeynta sida Air Force One ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay ku kacayso ilaa $1 bilyan. ===Joojinta guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka=== Trump wuxuu ka hirgaliyay shaqo joojinta guud ahaan dowladda federaalka wuxuuna amray in shaqada teleefoonka shaqaalaha federaalka lagu joojiyo 30 maalmood gudahood. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in dib u eegis lagu sameeyo jagooyin badan oo shaqaale rayid ah oo xirfadeed iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in dib loogu kala saaro boosaska la rabo iyada oo aan lahayn ilaalin shaqo. Waxa uu bilaabay joojinta shaqada guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka, oo ay ku tilmaameen khabiirada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag ama ku xad-gudbay sharciga federaalka, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo shaqaale si aad ah ula socda ajendihiisa. Dabayaaqadii Febraayo, maamulku waxa uu shaqada ka eryay in ka badan 30,000 oo qof. Si loo fududeeyo joojinta dheeraadka ah, waxay qaadatay tarjumaad sharci oo cusub oo si weyn u ballaarinaysa qaybaha iyo wakaaladaha loo arko inay haystaan ​​​​ammaanka qaranka shaqadooda aasaasiga ah, oo ku dhawaaqaya ururada shaqaalaha federaalka ee kala duwan "cadow". Amarka fulinta dabayaaqadii March ee ku salaysan tarjumaaddan ayaa ka saaray daraasiin waaxyo iyo wakaaladaha barnaamijyada xiriirka maamulka shaqada ee federaalka , taasoo ku kaliftay inay dacweeyaan si ay u buriyaan heshiisyadooda gorgortanka wadareed , kaas oo ka saari kara ilaalinta ururka hal milyan oo shaqaale federaal ah. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in la joojiyo kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) mashaariicda dawladda federaalka wuxuuna ku meeleeyay shaqaalaha xafiisyada DEI fasax. Waxa uu buriyay Amarka Fulinta ee Lyndon B. Johnson ee 1965 ee 11246 , kaas oo amrayay in qandaraaslayaasha federaalku ay qaadaan tallaabo cad oo lagu joojinayo takoorka jinsiyadeed. Waxtarka Trump iyo Elon Musk 's Department of Government waxay si weyn u burburiyeen dhowr hay'adood oo federaal ah oo ay ku jiraan USAID iyo Waaxda Waxbarashada , iyagoo keli ah shaqada ka eryay dhowr kun oo shaqaale ah, waxayna hoos u dhigtay hawlaha maamulka ilaa ugu yaraan sharci. Ficilada qaar, sida isku dayga lagu burburinayo Xafiiska Ilaalinta Maaliyadeed ee Macmiilka , waxaa hakiyay maxkamadaha federaalka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisu waxay isku dayeen inay keenaan hay'ado madax-bannaan oo taariikhi ah oo hoos yimaada laanta fulinta oo si toos ah u hoos timaada qaabab yar. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga, 2025- hadda=== Sida madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horeysay, Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u hareer maray Xafiiska Xeer Ilaaliyaha Cafiska . Waxa uu ku rakibay siyaasad daacad ah Ed Martin kaas oo ku tilmaamay sababta cafis loo bixiyo "Ma jiro MAGA ka tagay". Cafiskii Trump iyo deeqaha naxariista waxay door bideen xulafada siyaasadeed iyo kuwa daacadda u ah, oo si aan loo kala sooc lahayn loo cafiyay "kuwa xoogga badan, caanka ah, si fiican ugu xiran iyo maalqabeenada" ee lagu eedeeyay dambiyada cadaanka ah. Trump waxa uu cafis u fidiyay dhammaan 6-dii January rabshadihii lagu xukumay ama lagu soo oogay maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee xafiiska, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa si xun u weeraray booliiska, isaga oo cafiyay in ka badan 1,500 oo uu cafiyay xukunnada 14. ===Siyaasadda gudaha, 2025- hadda=== Trump wuxuu ka dhaxlay dhaqaale adkeysi leh maamulka Biden, kobaca dhaqaalaha, shaqo la'aanta yar, iyo sicir bararka hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu ku amray wakaaladaha in ay joojiyaan dhaqan gelinta xeerarka aan la jeclayn iyaga oo isku dayaya in si weyn loo xakameeyo taasoo khubarada sharcigu ay ku tilmaameen sharci-darro iyo lid ku ah tobanaan sano ee sharciga federaalka. Waxa uu raadiyay in dawladdu ay maamusho ganacsiyo gaar ah oo uu ka tago dhaqanka suuqa xorta ah ee muxaafidka ah , halkii uu doorbidi lahaa hanti-wadaaga dawladda isaga oo si toos ah u qaadanaya saamiga dawladda ee sinnaanta shirkadaha waaweyn ee Maraykanka. Trump wuxuu joojiyay oo joojiyay deeqihii federaalka wuxuuna sameeyay dhimis ballaaran oo cilmi baaris ah, kuwaas oo dhowr ka mid ah ay heleen garsoorayaasha iyo Xafiiska Xisaabtanka ee Dowladda inay yihiin sharci darro iyo dastuuri. Waxa uu kor u qaaday diidmada isbeddelka cimilada iyo macluumaadka khaldan, oo u magacaabay saliidda, gaasta, iyo kiimikooyinka u ololeeya EPA si ay u beddelaan xeerarka cimilada iyo xakamaynta wasakhowga. Trump wuxuu ku tiirsanaa ku dhawaaqida xaaladaha degdegga ah ee qaranka si uu u caddeeyo boqollaal ficil oo uu ka gudbo ansixinta kongareeska ama dib u eegista sharciga. Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo tamarta qaranka ah, taasoo u oggolaanaysa joojinta xeerarka deegaanka, dabcinta sharciyada soo saarista shidaalka iyo xaddididda mashaariicda tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo. Waxa uu bilaabay dib-u-eegis ku saabsan "sharciga iyo sii socoshada ku-dhaqanka" ee raadinta khatarta EPA , taas oo ah saldhigga ugu badan ee xeerarka federaalka ee gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo, oo mar kale ka baxay US Heshiiskii Paris ee isbedelka cimilada. Burburinta hay'adaha dawladda ee fulinaya sharciyada ka dhanka ah musuqmaasuqa siyaasadeed iyo khiyaanada cad, Trump wuxuu hoos u dhigay Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Waaxda Cadaaladda Dadweynaha 30 ilaa shan qareen, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay 17 kormeerayaal madax -bannaan oo ka tirsan hay'adaha dawladda iyo 12 xubnood oo ka tirsan hay'adaha kormeerka madax-bannaan ee 7 iyo kormeerayaasha Xafiiska FBI-da ee Washington oo baaray eedeymaha musuqmaasuqa iyo musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ah saraakiisha dowladda iyo xubnaha Congress-ka. Wuxuu cafiyay ama laalay eedeymaha ka dhanka ah saraakiisha lagu eedeeyay musuqmaasuq. Trump wuxuu u aaneeyay dhibaatooyinka bulshada kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) hindisayaasha iyo baraarugga . Isbarbardhigga kala duwanaanshaha iyo karti-darrada, wuxuu beddelay siyaasadihii kala-duwanaanshaha ee dawladda federaalka. Waxa uu damcay in uu dib ugu sameeyo bulshada rayidka ah dookhiisa amarka fulinta. On DEI iyo nacaybka nacaybka, wuxuu u hanjabay hay'adaha dhaqanka iyo lixdan jaamacadood, wuxuuna ku qasbay shirkadaha sharciga inay u hoggaansamaan ajandihiisa siyaasadeed. Trump ayaa balaariyay adeegsiga gudaha ee ciidamada wuxuuna amray in la geeyo magaalooyin dhowr ah oo xisbiga Dimuquraadiga uu hogaamiyo , wuxuuna ku hanjabay inuu sii balaarin doono howlgalladiisa. ===Siyaasadaha ka-hortagga LGBTQ+=== Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadii labaad, Trump wuxuu bilaabay olole dagaal oo ka dhan ah LGBTQ + iyo gaar ahaan siyaasadaha ka-hortagga jinsiga ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba, oo maamulkiisu u soo bandhigay sidii wax looga qaban lahaa " fikirka jinsiga ". Siyaasadahan waxay doonayeen inay baabi'iyaan aqoonsiga federaalka ee dadka transgender-ka ah, ka xayuubinta dadka transgender ilaalinta sharciga iyo in laga tirtiro aqoonsiga trans ee nolosha guud. Iyadoo loo marayo amarro fulineed oo isdaba-joog ah iyo ficilo kale, maamulkiisu wuxuu si adag u qeexay jinsiga si adag bayoolooji dhalashada, laga mamnuucay dadka ka soo jeeda milatariga, xaddidan ama la daboolay daryeelka caafimaadka jinsiga, oo ka soo horjeeda luqadda loo dhan yahay , cilmi-baaris iyo agab waxbarasho oo faafreeb ah, iyo bartilmaameedyada dugsiyada, jaamacadaha, iyo xarumaha fikradda. Tallaabooyin dheeri ah ayaa ka mamnuucay ciyaartooyda transgender-ka ciyaaraha, helitaanka baasaboor xaddidan, waxayna sii hurisay dadaallada caalamiga ah ee lagu wiiqayo xuquuqda trans. Waxaa weheliya hadallo muujinaya dadka ka beddelka jinsiga inay yihiin khatar bulsho, siyaasadahani waxay kiciyeen caqabado sharciyeed oo baahsan, cambaarayn ka timid kooxaha xuquuqul insaanka, iyo kor u kaca socdaalka iyo sheegashooyinka magangelyo ee ay qabaan dadka isku jinsiga ah ee Maraykanka ah ===Hal Xeer Bill Qurux Badan=== Bishii Luulyo 2025, Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Sharcigu waxa uu ka dhigay dhimista cashuurta cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada 2017 mid joogto ah waxana uu ku daray cashuur dhimis dheeraad ah oo dhan ku dhawaad ​​$4.5 trillion, inta badan ka faa’iidaysanaysa dakhliga ugu sarreeya oo dadka ku kaca dakhliga ugu hooseeya $1,600 sanadkii; kordhinta dhaqaalaha difaaca qaranka, masaafurinta, darbiga xuduudka, iyo gaashaanka gantaalaha; lagana saaray cashuurtii laga qaadi lahaa mashaariicda tamarta nadiifka ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo ilaha tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo sida dabaysha iyo tamarta cadceedda iyo kuwa iibsada baabuurta korontada. Sharcigu wuxuu jaray maalgelinta Medicaid iyo SNAP wuxuuna ku daray shuruudo shaqo oo dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay u-qalmitaanka iyo $35 lacag-bixineed ee adeegyada Medicaid qaarkood; dhimista iyo shuruudaha dheeraadka ah ayaa dhaqan galaya ka dib doorashada guud ee 2026. Sharciga waxaa saadaaliyay Xafiiska Miisaaniyadda Kongareeska inuu ku kordhiyo dhimista miisaaniyada $3.4 trillion marka la gaaro 2034, sababa 11.8 milyan oo qof inay lumiyaan caymiska Medicaid, iyo meesha laga saaro dheefaha SNAP ee seddex milyan oo qof. ===Socdaalka, 2025- hadda=== Maalmihiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump waxa uu ku amray ilaalada xuduudaha in ay si kooban u tarxiilaan soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee ka soo gudbaya xadka, isaga oo curyaamiyay barnaamijka CBP One ee loo isticmaalay in lagu jadwaleeyo xuduudaha. Waxa uu dib u bilaabay hadhaagii siyaasadda Mexico , waxa uu kooxaha daroogada u magacaabay kooxo argagixiso ah, waxana uu amray in dib loo bilaabo dhismaha darbiga xuduudka. Hawlgallada masaafurinta ayaa marka hore diiradda saaray "liiska bartilmaameedka" ee dambiilayaasha la sameeyay ka hor xilliga labaad ee Trump. Kadibna maamulkiisu wuxuu meesha ka saaray magangelyo codsadayaasha ku guul daraystay inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha, waxay laashay xaaladda sii-daynta sharafeed ee muhaajiriinta ku soo galay US iyadoo la raacayo CBP One iyo CHNV sii-daynta sharafeed bini'aadantinimo, waxay isku dayeen inay ka saaraan dhalashada dhalashada , waxayna hakiyeen Barnaamijka Ogolaanshaha Qaxootiga . Bishii Maarso, wuxuu u adeegsaday Xeerka Cadawga Shisheeyaha ee 1798 si uu u xidho muhaajiriinta sharci darrada ah maxkamad la'aan -mid ka mid ah "khalad maamul" iyo inta badan iyada oo aan lahayn diiwaannada dambiyada -Xarunta Xakamaynta Argagaxisada ee El Salvador. Wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha , muhaajiriinta sharciga ah, dalxiisayaasha, iyo ardayda fiisaha leh kuwaas oo muujiyay dhaleeceynta siyaasaddiisa ama u doodista Falastiiniyiinta. Dhowr muwaadiniin Maraykan ah ayaa la xidhay oo la tarxiilay . ===Siyaasadda Dibadda, 2025- hadda=== Muddadii labaad ee Trump siyaasaddiisa arrimaha dibadda waxaa siyaabo kala duwan loogu sifeeyay Imperialist , balaarin , go'doomiye , iyo autarkist , iyadoo adeegsanaysa fikradda " America First " oo ah asaaskeeda. Maamulkiisu wuxuu door biday awood adag si uu u gaaro yoolalka siyaasadda dibadda, wuxuuna burburiyay ama ka laabtay taageerada ururada gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee u heellan horumarinta awoodda jilicsan ee Maraykanka . Dhaqdhaqaaqyada ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay hoos u dhigayaan saamaynta Maraykanka ee caalamiga ah iyo abuurista bannaan ay buuxiyeen Ruushka iyo Shiinaha . Xidhiidhka Trump ee xulafada waxa uu ahaa macaamil ganacsi oo u dhexeeyay danayn la'aan ilaa cadaawad, oo ay ku jiraan hanjabaad ku darida. Bishii Febraayo 2025, Trump iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka Vance waxay ku dhaleeceeyeen madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy kulan muran badan dhaliyay oo telefishinka laga sii daayay. Warbaahinta ayaa ku tilmaantay iska hor imaad aan hore loo arag oo dhex maray madaxweyne Maraykan ah iyo madax ajnabi ah . Trump iyo maamulkiisa imaan doona ayaa gacan ka geystay dhexdhexaadinta xabbad joojinta dagaalka Gaza oo ay weheliyaan maamulka Biden, oo la dhaqan galiyay maalin ka hor caleema saarkiisa. Bishii Maarso, Israa'iil waxay jebisay xabbad-joojintii . Siyaasadaha dhaqaalaha ee Trump ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo ilaalinaya , iyadoo Trump uu ku soo rogay canshuuraha dalalka intooda badan, oo ay ku jiraan canshuuraha waaweyn ee la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga ee Shiinaha, Canada, iyo Mexico. Wuxuu bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo caalami ah , isagoo ku soo rogay canshuuro heerkii ugu sarreeyay tan iyo 1930kii Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act ee bilawga diiqada weyn . Dhaqaale-yahannadu waxay ku doodeen in maamulku uu si khaldan u fahmay xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhimista ganacsiga iyo canshuuraha, iyaga oo isticmaalaya fikrado khaldan. Narendra Modi ayaa ka falceliyay 50 boqolkiiba tacriifta Trump ee soo dejinta Hindiya isaga oo sii xoojinaya xiriirka Shiinaha. Wuxuu hakiyay tabarucaadkii dhaqaale ee Maraykanku siin jiray Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka . ===Garsoorka, 2025 – hadda=== Garsoorayaasha federaalku waxay u arkeen qaar badan oo ka mid ah falalka maamulka inay yihiin sharci-darro. Ka dib dib-u-dhac xagga sharciga ah, Trump wuxuu kordhiyey dhaleeceynta garsoorka wuxuuna ku baaqay in la soo oogo garsoorayaasha federaalka ee isaga ka soo horjeeday. Wuxu u hanjabay, saxeexay tallaabooyinka fulinta, waxaanu amray in baadhitaan lagu sameeyo dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda, dhaleecaynta, iyo ururrada la safan Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga. Bartamihii Luulyo, falanqaynta Washington Post waxay ogaatay inuu ka soo horjeestay garsoorayaasha iyo maxkamadaha qiyaastii saddex meelood meel dhammaan kiisaska isaga ka dhanka ah, falalka ay ku tilmaameen khubarada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag maamul kasta oo madaxweyne ah. ( 654 ) Diidmada amarada maxkamada iyo sheegashadiisa xaq u lahaanshaha maxkamadaha waxay cabsi galisay khubarada sharciga qalalaasaha dastuuriga ah . Falanqaynta badan oo ay sameeyeen aqoonyahanno akadeemiyadeed iyo The New York Times waxay ogaadeen in labada garsoore ee Jamhuuriga iyo Dimuqraadigu ay heleen cillado badan oo dastuuri ah iyo qaanuuneed oo leh siyaasadaha maamulka Trump. Maamulkiisu wuxuu caddeeyey xuquuq dastuuri ah oo ah inuu iska indhatiro sharciga federaalka isagoo sabab uga dhigaya dhowr tallaabo sida diidmadiisa inuu dhaqan geliyo mamnuucista federaalka ee TikTok , iyada oo khubarada sharciga ay ku tilmaameen inay tahay "awood dastuuri ah oo lagu tallaalayo dhinacyada gaarka ah inay ku kacaan falal kale oo sharci darro ah iyada oo aan la ciqaabin". Waxa kale oo uu ku hawlanaa beegsiga aan hore loo arag ee shirkadaha sharciga iyo qareennada oo hore u matalay jagooyin lid ku ah naftiisa. ==Dhaqan siyaasadeed iyo hadal-hayn== Laga soo bilaabo ololihiisii ​​2016, siyaasadda Trump iyo hadal-hayntiisa ayaa horseeday abuuritaanka dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo loo yaqaan Trumpism. Mawqifkiisa siyaasadeed waa populist ,oo si gaar ah loogu tilmaamay populist garabka midig . Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inuu aqbalay xag-jirnimada midigta-fog , wuxuuna ka caawiyay inuu keeno fikradaha iyo ururrada midigta fog ee guud ahaan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisa iyo hadalladiisa ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Trump waxa uu ku riixay balaadhinta awoodda madaxweynanimada iyada oo la raacayo tafsiir maxalli ah oo ku saabsan aragtida fulinta midaysan . Saldhiggiisa siyaasadeed waxa la barbar dhigay cibaadaysi shakhsiyeed . Hadalka Trump iyo ficilkiisa ayaa lagu eedeeyay in uu abuuray oo uu uga sii daray cadhada iyo kalsooni darada iyada oo la adeegsanayo sheeko "annaga" iyo "iyaga" . Wuxuu si cad oo joogto ah u dhaleeceeyaa jinsiyadda, diinta, iyo qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay, iyo culimadu waxay si joogto ah u ogaadaan in nacaybka jinsiyadeed ee ku saabsan madowga, soogalootiga, iyo Muslimiinta ay yihiin saadaalinta ugu fiican ee taageerada Trump. Hadaladiisa waxa lagu tilmaamay in uu isticmaalay cabsi-cabsi iyo maangaabnimo taas oo sii xoogaysatay ololihiisii ​​madaxtinimada ee 2024 . Wuxuu sheegay inuu rumaysan yahay in awoodda dhabta ahi ay ka timaad cabsi. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Alt-right ayaa isku duubay oo taageeray musharaxnimadiisa, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay qayb ka mid ah diidmada dhaqamada kala duwan iyo socdaalka . Waxa uu leeyahay rafcaan xooggan oo loogu talagalay codbixiyayaasha Masiixiyiinta ah ee wacdiya iyo waddaniyiinta Masiixiyiinta ah , iyo dibad-baxyadiisa waxay qaataan calaamadaha, odhaahda, iyo ajandaha waddaniyadda Masiixiyiinta. Trump waxa uu sidoo kale u adeegsaday shuuci ka soo horjeeda hadaladiisa, isaga oo si joogta ah ugu yeeraya kuwa ka soo horjeeda " Communists " iyo " Marxists ===Aragtida jinsiyadeed iyo jinsiga=== Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinka iyo ficillada Trump ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsurinimo. Ra'yi ururin qaran oo 2018 ah, qiyaastii kala badh ka mid ah jawaab bixiyaasha ayaa sheegay inuu yahay cunsuri; in badan oo ka mid ah waxay aaminsanaayeen in uu ku dhiirraday cunsuriyiinta. Dhowr daraasadood iyo sahanno ayaa lagu ogaaday in dabeecadaha cunsuriyadu ay kiciyeen siyaasadiisa siyaasadeed oo ay aad uga muhiimsan yihiin arrimaha dhaqaalaha ee lagu go'aaminayo daacadnimada codbixiyayaasha Trump. Dabeecadaha cunsuriyiinta iyo Islaam nacaybka ayaa ah tilmaamo xooggan oo muujinaya taageerada Trump. Waxaa lagu eedeeyay cunsurinimo isagoo ku adkeystay koox ka kooban shan dhalinyaro madow iyo Latino ah inay kufsadeen haweeney caddaan ah kiiska 1989 Central Park jogger , xitaa ka dib markii laga saaray 2002. Sannadkii 2011-kii, Trump waxa uu noqday hoggaamiyihii hormoodka u ahaa fikradda shirqoolka cunsuriga ah ee "dhalasho" ee ah in Barack Obama, madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee madow ee Mareykanka, uusan ku dhalan Mareykanka. Waxa uu ku andacooday in uu ku cadaadiyay dawladda in ay daabacdo warqadda dhalashada Obama, taas oo uu u arkay in ay tahay khiyaano. Waxa uu qiray in Obama uu ku dhashay Maraykanka bishii Sebtembar 2016, inkasta oo la sheegay in uu si gaar ah u muujiyay aragtida dhalashada ee 2017. Intii lagu jiray ololihii doorashada 2024, wuxuu sameeyay weeraro been abuur ah oo ka dhan ah aqoonsiga jinsiyadeed ee ka soo horjeeda, Kamala Harris, kaas oo lagu tilmaamay inay xasuusinayaan fikradda shirqoolka dhalashada. Ololihiisii ​​2024 waxa uu si weyn u adeegsaday luqadda bini'aadantinimada ka-hortagga ah iyo fikradaha jinsiyadeed . Sannadkii 2025, wuxuu kor u qaaday sheegashooyinka beenta ah ee xasuuqa cadaanka ah ee Koonfur Afrika wuxuuna abuuray barnaamijka qaxootiga ee Koonfur Afrika . Trump ayaa caado u ah inuu dumarka xaqiro marka uu la hadlayo warbaahinta iyo baraha bulshada. Wuxuu sameeyay faallooyin xunxun, wuxuu naqdiyay muuqaalka dumarka, wuxuuna u tixraacay iyaga oo isticmaalaya ereyo sharaf leh. Laga bilaabo 2020, 26 dumar ah ayaa si fagaare ah ugu eedeeyay anshax-xumo galmo , oo ay ku jiraan kufsi, dhunkasho ogolaansho la'aan, xoqid, fiirinta goonnada haweenka hoostooda, iyo ku lugaynta tartamayaasha qaan-gaarka ee qaawan. Eedeymahaas wuu diiday. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, 2005 " murafoon kulul " ayaa soo baxay isaga oo ku faanaya dhunkashada iyo dhunkashada haweenka iyaga oo aan raalli ka ahayn, isaga oo leh, "Markaad xiddig tahay, waxay kuu oggolaadaan inaad sameyso. Wax kasta waad sameyn kartaa ... Ku qabo feerka . " Waxa uu faallooyinka ku tilmaamay "hadal-qol-badel". Dhacdadan oo si baahsan u soo bandhigtay warbaahinta ayaa keentay raaligelintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee dadweynaha, oo la duubay intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxweynaha 2016. ===Isku xirka rabshadaha iyo dembiyada nacaybka=== Trump ayaa loo aqoonsaday in uu fure u yahay kordhinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee Mareykanka, isaga oo ka dhan ah iyo mid ka dhan ah. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu ku qanacsan yahay xagjirnimada, aragtiyaha shirqoolka sida Q-Anon , iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada xagjirka ah ee midigta fog ilaa xad ka weyn madaxweyne kasta oo Maraykan ah oo casri ah, iyo ku lug lahaanshaha argagixisannimada stochastic . Cilmi-baaristu waxay soo jeedinaysaa in hadalka Trump uu la xiriiro kororka dhacdooyinka dembiyada nacaybka, iyo in uu leeyahay saameyn xoog leh oo ku saabsan muujinta dabeecadaha nacaybka ah sababtoo ah sida caadiga ah ee ereyada jinsiyadeed ee cad. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2016, wuxuu ku booriyay ama ammaanay weerarrada jireed ee ka dhanka ah dibad-baxayaasha ama wariyeyaasha. Eedeysaneyaal badan oo lagu baaray ama lagu soo oogay falal rabshado wata iyo dambiyada nacaybka ayaa soo xigtay hadalladiisa isagoo ku doodaya inaysan ahayn dambiile ama ay tahay inay helaan dabacsanaan. Dib u eegis dalka oo dhan ay samaysay ABC News bishii Maajo 2020 ayaa lagu aqoonsaday ugu yaraan 54 kiis oo danbi ah, laga bilaabo Agoosto 2015 ilaa Abriil 2020, kaas oo loogu yeedhay xidhiidh toos ah oo rabshado ama hanjabaado rabshado ah oo inta badan ay geystaan ​​ragga cadaanka ah iyo ugu horrayn ka dhanka ah dadka laga tirada badan yahay. Diidmada Trump ee ah in uu cambaareeyo kooxda cadaanka ah ee Proud Boys intii lagu jiray dooddii madaxweynenimada ee 2020 iyo faallooyinkiisii, "Wiilasha sharafta leh, istaaga oo garab istaaga", ayaa la sheegay in ay keentay in la kordhiyo shaqaaleysiinta kooxda Trump. Cilmi-baarayaasha la-dagaalanka argagixisanimada ayaa ku tilmaamay taariikhdiisa caadiga ah iyo dib-u-eegistiisa ee Janaayo 6 weerarkii Capitol, iyo bixinta naxariista dhammaan Janaayo 6 rabshad-wadayaasha , sida dhiirigelinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee mustaqbalka. ===Aragtiyo shirqool=== Tan iyo ka hor madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu kor u qaaday fikrado badan oo shirqool ah, oo ay ku jiraan Obama "dhalashada", diidmada isbedelka cimilada , iyo faragelinta Ukraine ee lagu eedeeyay doorashadii Mareykanka . Kadib doorashadii madaxweynaha ee 2020, wuxuu kor u qaaday fikradaha shirqoolka ee guuldaradiisa kuwaas oo lagu sifeeyay " beenta weyn ===Hadalo been ah ama marin habaabin ah=== [[File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png|thumb|Xaqiiq-baarayaasha ka socda Washington Ku dhaji , Toronto Star , iyo CNN waxay soo ururiyeen xog ku saabsan "dacwooyin been ah ama marin-habaabin ah" (asalka orange) iyo "sheegashada beenta ah" (violet foreground).]] Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u sheegaa hadalo been abuur ah oo uu ku jiro hadalo fagaare ah, ilaa xad aan horay loo arag siyaasada Mareykanka . Beentiisu waa qayb gaar ah oo ka mid ah aqoonsigiisa siyaasadeed waxaana lagu tilmaamay inay tahay dab-damis . Hadaladiisa beenta ah iyo marin habaabinta ah waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin-hubi , oo ay ku jiraan The Washington Post , kaas oo 30,573 been abuur ah ama been abuur ah oo uu sameeyay intii lagu jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horreeyay, oo sii kordhaya waqti ka dib. Qaar ka mid ah been-abuurka Trump waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan faa'iido lahayn, halka kuwa kalena ay lahaayeen saameyn aad u fog, sida dhiirrigelintiisa aan la hubin ee dawooyinka ka hortagga duumada sida daaweynta COVID-19, taasoo keentay yaraanta Maraykanka ee daawooyinkan iyo iibsashada argagaxa ee Afrika iyo Koonfurta Aasiya. Macluumaad kale oo khaldan, sida si khaldan loogu sheegay kororka dambiyada England iyo Wales "fidinta argagixisada xagjirka ah", waxay u adeegtay ujeedooyinkiisa siyaasadeed ee gudaha. Weeraradiisa waraaqaha waraaqaha boostada iyo dhaqamada kale ee doorashada ayaa wiiqay kalsoonida dadweynaha ee hufnaanta doorashada madaxweynaha 2020, halka xog-warrankiisa ku saabsan masiibada uu dib u dhigay oo uu wiiqay jawaabta qaranka ee ku wajahan. Caadiyan kama cudur daarato beentiisa. Ilaa 2018, warbaahintu marar dhif ah ayay beentiisa ugu yeertay been, oo ay ku jirto markii uu ku celceliyay hadallo been abuur ah. ===Baraha bulshada=== Joogitaanka baraha bulshada ee Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha caalamka kadib markii uu ku biiray Twitter-ka sanadkii 2009. Waxa uu si isdaba joog ah u soo dhigayay ololihiisii ​​2016-kii iyo intii uu madaxweyne ahaa ilaa Twitter-ka uu mamnuucay ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo. Wuxuu inta badan isticmaali jiray Twitter si uu si toos ah ula xiriiro dadweynaha oo uu u leexiyo saxaafadda; ee 2017, xoghayntiisa saxaafadda ayaa sheegay in tweets- kiisa uu ka kooban yahay bayaannada rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2024 iyo madaxweynanimada labaad wuxuu si joogta ah u dhajiyay waxyaabo AI-soo saaray naftiisa sida astaanta dhaqanka pop-ka ama muhaajiriinta ku jeesjeesa. Ka dib sanado badan oo dhaleecayn ah oo loogu ogolaaday Trump in uu ku dhejiyo macluumaad khaldan iyo been abuur, Twitter ayaa bilaabay in uu ku dhejiyo qaar ka mid ah tweetskiisa hubinta xaqiiqda May 2020. Isagoo ka jawaabaya, wuxuu sheegay in shabakadaha warbaahinta bulshada "gebi ahaanba aamusin" muxaafidka oo uu "si adag u xakameyn doono, ama xidhi doono". Kadib weerarkii Janaayo 6, waxaa laga mamnuucay Facebook , Instagram , Twitter, iyo aalado kale. Luminta joogitaankiisa warbaahinta bulshada ayaa hoos u dhigtay awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu qaabeeyo dhacdooyinka oo la xidhiidha hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid mugga macluumaadka khaldan ee Twitter. Bishii Feebaraayo 2022, waxa uu bilaabay bar-kulanka bulshada ee Truth Social halkaas oo uu ku soo jiitay qayb ka mid ah Twitterkiisa. Elon Musk , ka dib markii uu helay Twitter , wuxuu dib u soo celiyay akoonkiisa Twitter bishii Noofambar 2022. Mamnuucidda labada sano ee Meta Platforms ayaa dhacay Janaayo 2023, taas oo u ogolaatay inuu ku laabto Facebook iyo Instagram. ===Xiriirka saxaafadda=== [[File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg|thumb|Isagoo saxaafadda la hadlaya, March 2017]] Trump waxa uu raadiyay dareenka warbaahinta intii uu ku jiray xirfadiisa, isaga oo ilaalinaya xidhiidhka "jacaylka iyo nacaybka" ee uu la leeyahay saxaafadda. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ka faa'iideystey qaddarka rikoorka ah ee warbaahinta xorta ah, oo lagu qiyaasay $ 2 bilyan. Musharrax ahaan iyo madaxweyne ahaan, wuxuu si joogta ah ugu eedeeyay saxaafadda eexda, isaga oo ku tilmaamay "warbaahinta wararka been abuurka ah" iyo " cadowga dadka ". Madaxtinimadii ugu horreysay ee Trump ayaa hoos u dhigtay war-bixinnada rasmiga ah ee saxaafadda ee boqolkii 2017 ilaa kala badh taas 2018 iyo laba 2019; waxa ay sidoo kale kala noqdeen sharcigii saxaafadeed ee laba wariye oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo ay maxkamaduhu dib u soo celiyeen. Trump's 2020 ol'olihii madaxtinimo wuxuu dacweeyay New York Times , Washington Post , iyo CNN ka dib markii uu aflagaadeeyay qaybo ra'yi ah oo ku saabsan mawqifkiisa faragelinta doorashada Ruushka. Dhammaan dacwadihii waa la diiday. Sannadkii 2024, Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u muujiyay taageerada uu ku mamnuucayo diidmada siyaasadeed iyo dhaleeceynta, wuxuuna sheegay in weriyeyaasha waa in lagu dacweeyaa si aanay u sheegin ilo qarsoodi ah iyo shirkadaha warbaahintu waa inay suurtogal tahay inay lumiyaan shatiyadooda baahinta wararka aan fiicnayn ee isaga. Markii dib loo doortay, Trump wuxuu bilaabay dacwooyin wuxuuna abuuray liis madow oo ka dhan ah warbaahinta qaar, wuxuuna la wareegay nidaamka ay wadaan ururka saxafiyiinta Aqalka Cad si uu u doorto xarumaha ay galaangal u leeyihiin. Halkii loo hoggaansami lahaa amarka maxkamadda ee lagu soo celin lahaa gelitaanka Associated Press , Aqalka Cad wuxuu sameeyay siyaasad xaddidan oo la heli karo dhammaan adeegyada siligga. Guddiga Isgaarsiinta Federaalka ayaa bilaabay baaritaanno lagu sameeyo xarumaha warbaahinta ee lagu eedeeyay eex isaga ka dhan ah. Natiijadii hanjabaadda Trump, madaxda warbaahinta waxay ku amreen saxafiyiinta iyo shaqaalahooda inay is-faafreebaan oo ay yareeyaan dhaleeceynta Trump, iyo CBS waxay isku raaceen inay abuuraan Ombudsman si ay ula socdaan kanaalada wararka si ay xididdada ugu siibaan "eex" CBS News. Bishii Luulyo 2025, wuxuu dacweeyay wargeyska Wall Street Journal daabacaadda sheeko la xiriirta saaxiibtinimadiisii ​​hore ee dembiilaha galmada ee Jeffrey Epstein , taasoo calaamad u ah markii ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne fadhiya uu dacweeyo urur warbaahineed eedeymo sumcad dil ah. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== ===Qoyska=== 1977, Trump wuxuu guursaday Ivana Zelníčková . Waxay lahaayeen saddex carruur ah: Donald Jr. (b. 1977), Ivanka (b. 1981), iyo Eric (b. 1984). Lammaanaha ayaa is furay 1990-kii, ka dib markii uu xiriir la yeeshay moodelka iyo atariishada Marla Maples . Isaga iyo Maples waxay guursadeen 1993 waxayna is fureen 1999. Waxay leeyihiin hal gabadh, Tiffany (b. 1993), oo Maples ku kortay California. Sannadkii 2005, wuxuu guursaday moodelka Slovenia Melania Knauss . Waxay leeyihiin hal wiil, Barron (b. 2006). ===Xiriirka Jeffrey Epstein=== Trump waxa uu saaxiibtimo 15 sano ah la lahaa Jeffrey Epstein ; Dadkii markaas yaqaannay waxay sheegeen inay si joogta ah u garaaci jireen oo ay u tartami jireen dumarka. Dareenka warbaahinta iyo cadaadiska dadweynaha ayaa kordhay 2025, markii maamulkiisu uusan sii dayn faylasha la xidhiidha Epstein , inkastoo Trump uu ballanqaaday inuu sidaas samaynayo intii lagu jiray ololaha 2024. ===Caafimaadka=== Trump waxa uu sheegay in aanu waligii cabbin khamri, sigaar cabin, ama aanu isticmaalin daroogo. Wuxuu seexdaa qiyaastii afar ama shan saacadood habeenkii. Waxa uu golfing ugu yeedhay "qaabka jimicsiga aasaasiga ah", laakiin inta badan ma socdo koorsada. Wuxuu u arkaa jimicsigu inuu yahay tamar tamar sababtoo ah wuxuu aaminsan yahay in jirku yahay "sida batteriga oo kale, oo leh qadar xaddidan oo tamar ah", kaas oo lagu dhammeeyo jimicsiga. Sannadkii 2015, ololahiisu wuxuu sii daayay warqad ka timid dhakhtarkiisii ​​gaarka ahaa ee Harold Bornstein , isagoo sheegay inuu " noqon doono shakhsiga ugu caafimaadka badan ee abid loo doorto madaxweynaha". Sannadkii 2018, Bornstein wuxuu sheegay in Trump uu amar ku bixiyay nuxurka warqadda iyo in saddex ka mid ah wakiillada Trump ay qabsadeen diiwaankiisa caafimaad bishii Febraayo 2017 ee xafiiska Bornstein. ===Diinta=== Trump wuxuu sheegay 2016 inuu ahaa Presbyterian iyo Protestant . Sannadkii 2020, wuxuu sheegay inuu yahay Masiixi aan diin-nabi ahayn . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar badan ayaa su'aal ka keenay qoto dheeraanta xiriirka diimeed. Baadhitaan la sameeyay intii lagu guda jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee Trump (2017-2021) ayaa muujisay in boqolkiiba 63 dadka Maraykanku aanay rumaysnayn in uu diin yahay, inkasta oo uu aaminsan yahay in uu Masiixi yahay, boqolkiiba 44 oo keliya dadka Maraykanka ah ayaa aaminsan in Trump uu yahay Masiixi. Qaar ka mid ah faallooyinka Trump ee Kitaabka Qudduuska ah ama dhaqanka Masiixiga ayaa horseeday in dadka indha indheeya ay soo jeediyaan in aqoonta uu u leeyahay Masiixiyadda ay tahay mid maqaar-saar ah ama khalad ah, qaar yar oo taariikh-nololeed ah ayaa ku tilmaamay Trump mid qoto dheer ama xitaa diineed. Waqtigiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu u magacaabay wadaadkiisa gaarka ah iyo lataliyaha ruuxiga ah, milyaneer teleefaanjiste Paula White-Cain , Xafiiska Xiriirka Dadweynaha ee Aqalka Cad . Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad, wuxuu u magacaabay lataliyeheeda sare Xafiiska cusub ee rumaysadka ee Aqalka Cad . ==Qiimaynta== ===Sawirka dadweynaha=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee Trump, laga bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2020, qiimeynta oggolaanshaha caalamiga ah ee hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos uga dhacday 22 boqolkiiba ra'yi ururin Gallup ee 134 waddan ilaa 16 boqolkiiba - oo ka hooseeya Shiinaha Xi Jinping iyo Vladimir Putin ee Ruushka - ee Pew Research ra'yi ee 13 waddan. Sannadka 2017, qiyaasta hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos u dhacday inta badan xulafada. Gudaha, xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu lahaa taageerada ugu weyn ee xisbiyada: 88 boqolkiiba Jamhuuriga iyo 7 boqolkiiba Dimuqraadiyiinta. Codbixintii Gallup ee 2021, wuxuu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan waligii gaadhin 50 boqolkiiba oggolaanshaha, wuxuuna ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aan la magacaabin ee loogu riyaaqay sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska. Muddadii labaad ee rubuciisii ​​​​hore sida uu qabo Gallup, oggolaanshaha Trump wuxuu ahaa 45 boqolkiiba - xoogaa ka wanaagsan xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, oo aad uga hooseeya celceliska boqolkiiba 60 ee madaxweynayaasha kale. Taageeradu waxa ay ahaan jirtay mid aan kala fogayn; Waxa uu helay oggolaanshaha boqolkiiba 90 ee Jamhuuriga, 37 boqolkiiba madax-bannaanida, iyo boqolkiiba 4 ee Dimuqraadiyiinta. Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad wuxuu sidoo kale arkay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid ra'yiga dadweynaha caalamiga ah ee Maraykanka ===Qiimaynta cilmiga=== Ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee Trump, taariikhyahanadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen Trump inuu yahay madaxweynihii afraad ee ugu xumaa sahanka C-SPAN ee 2021 ee taariikhyahannada madaxtooyada. Waxa uu ku qiimeeyay kuwa ugu hooseeya qaybaha sifooyinka hogaaminta ee awooda akhlaaqda iyo xirfadaha maamulka. Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Siena College 's 2022 sahanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay kan saddexaad. Waxa uu ku jiray kaalmaha ugu hooseeya dhammaan qaybaha marka laga reebo nasiibka, rabitaanka khatarta, iyo hoggaanka xisbiga, waxaanu ka galay kaalinta ugu dambeeya dhowr qaybood. 2018 iyo 2024, xubno ka tirsan Ururka Sayniska Siyaasadda Mareykanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay madaxweynaha ugu xun. ==Xusuusin== a:Bilowgii markii Trump uu saddex sano jirsaday, aabbihii waxa uu siin jiray mid kasta oo carruurtiisa ka mid ah $6,000 sannadkii, lacagta ugu badan ee la oggol yahay iyada oo aan la gelin cashuur hadiyadeed. Si looga fogaado cashuuraha, Fred waxa uu ka dhigay mulkiilayaal laba ka mid ah dhismooyinkiisa guri, isaga oo bixinaya midkiiba $13,928 kirada sannad kasta b:Later , 2015, wuxuu ugu hanjabay dugsigiisa sare, kulliyadaha, iyo Guddiga Kulliyadda tallaabo sharci ah haddii ay sii daayaan diiwaankiisa waxbarasho. C:UPenn's 1968 barnaamijka bilawga ah wuxuu ku taxayaa Trump inuu helay shahaadada koowaad ee Sayniska ee Dhaqaalaha oo aan ahayn qaataha Sharafta Tacliinta d:Kadib Trump waxa uu ku dayan doonaa Peale's Awooda Fikirka Toosan ee Farshaxanka Heshiiska e:Doorashada madaxweynahaee Maraykanka waxaa go'aamiya kulliyadda doorashada Gobol kastaa wuxuu magacaabayaa tiro codbixiyeyaal ah oo la mid ah matalaadda Congress-ka iyo (gobollada intooda badan) dhammaan cod-bixiyayaashu waxay u codeeyaan cidda ku guulaysata codbixinta caanka ah ee gobolkooda. f:Madaxweyne Jamhuuri ah oo ay weheliyaan Jamhuuriga gacanta ku haysa labada gole ee Congress-ka g:CBS kama helin wax diiwaan ah oo dambi ah 75% dadka Venezuela ee la xiray. h: 2025, Pew Research waxay ogaatay dad ku nool dalal badan (12 ka mid ah 20 iyo 4 xiriir) waxay u arkeen Shiinaha inuu yahay dhaqaalaha ugu horreeya adduunka. ==Tixraac== [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html "Michael Cohen ayaa sheegay in Trump uu u sheegay in uu ugu hanjabay iskuulada in aysan sii deynin darajooyinka"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/politics/donald-trump-roy-cohn.html "Muxuu Donald Trump Ka Bartay Ninka Gacanta Midig Ee Joseph McCarthy] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo Kharashka Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka: Addenda et Corrigenda] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo sida Burburiyaha Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka] [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/donald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship "Sidee Donald Trump iyo Roy Cohn's arxan la'aanta Symbiosis u beddeshay Ameerika"] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/jun/21/hillary-clinton/yep-donald-trumps-companies-have-declared-bankrupt/ "Haa, shirkadaha Donald Trump waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay kiciyeen...in ka badan afar jeer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html "Trump waxa uu ku hawlanaa qorshayaal cashuureed oo laga shakisan yahay isaga oo ka guranaya maalkii Aabihiis"] [https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel "Taariikhda dabaylaha ah ee mashruucii ugu horeeyey ee hantida maguurtada ah ee Manhattan ee Donald Trump"] {{Wayback|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel |date=20211009191253 }} [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father "Sheekada beenta ah ee Trump wuxuu ku dhisay boqortooyadiisa 'amaah yar' oo uu ka helay aabihiis"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html "Trump, New Yorker inta nool, wuxuu naftiisa ku dhawaaqay inuu yahay degane Florida"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html "Trump's Plaza Hotel Planruptcy Plan waa la ansixiyay"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html "Trump waxa uu ka iibinayaa Hotel Plaza maalgashadayaasha Sucuudiga iyo Aasiya"] [https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-irs-audit-chicago-hotel-taxes "Hanti-dhawrka IRS ee Trump wuxuu ku kacayaa kharash ka badan 100 milyan oo doolar" Madaxweynihii hore] [https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ "Xaqiiqda ku saabsan kor u kaca iyo dhicitaanka Donald Trump ee Boqortooyada Atlantic City"] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ "Markii Afraad ee Soojiidashada: Sida Donald Trump Uga Sameeyey Fasaxa Isaga] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html "Wax kasta oo ku dhacay qoorta Trump? Way dhammaatay. Sidoo kale waa inta badan boqortooyadii ganacsiga ee Trump"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Toban sano oo Casaanka ah: Tirooyinka Canshuurta ee Trump ayaa muujinaya in ka badan $ 1 bilyan oo khasaare ganacsi ah"] [https://cnn.com/2016/08/22/politics/donald-trump-activist-investor/ "Xilligii Gordon Gekko: Donald Trump ee faa'iidada iyo wakhtiga muranka badan ee maal-galiye firfircoon"] [https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think "Waa maxay sababta uu Donald Trump u leeyahay xiddiga caanka ah ee caanka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee? Ma aha sababta aad u maleyneyso "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-donald-trump-retooled-his-charity-to-spend-other-peoples-money/2016/09/10/da8cce64-75df-11e6-8149-b8d05321db62_story.html "Sida Donald Trump uu dib ugu habeeyey hay'addiisa samafalka si uu u isticmaalo lacagta dadka kale"] [https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/18/media/vince-mcmahon-donald-trump-payments/index.html "Baaritaanno lagu sameeyay lacag-bixinnada xannibaadda ee Vince McMahon ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay soo saareen deeqaha samafalka ee Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html "Trump Foundation waxay amartay inay joojiso lacag ururinta xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee NY"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest "Donald Trump si uu u kala diro aasaaskiisa samafalka ka dib markii ay sii kordhayaan cabashooyinka"] [https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 "Madaxweyne Donald Trump waxa uu amray in uu bixiyo $2M si loo ururiyo hay'adaha aan macaash doonka ahayn taas oo qayb ka ah dacwadda madaniga ah"] [https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12 "Taariikhda dheer ee Trump ee Deutsche Bank waxay hadda noqon kartaa xarunta baaritaanka Robert Mueller"] [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christophermassie/theres-hours-of-audio-of-donald-trumps-nationally-syndicated "Waxaa jira saacado maqal ah oo ah Bandhigga Raadiyaha Qaranka ee Donald Trump's Syndicated 2000-meeyadii"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ "Sida warbaahinta muxaafidka ahi ula wareegayso xisbiga Jamhuuriga"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/02/04/trump-resigns-screen-actors-guild/ "Iyadoo uu wajahayo cayrinta, Trump wuxuu iska casilayaa xubinnimada jilayaasha shaashadda: 'Waxba iima aadan sameynin'] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ "Bush wuxuu yidhi Trump wuxuu ahaa Dimuqraadi in ka badan Jamhuuriga" tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay'] [https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/donald-trump-was-once-a-registered-democrat-and-party-donor-why-did-he-jump-ship/wj85mj5yq "Donald Trump mar wuxuu ahaa deeq bixiye dimuqraadi ah iyo xisbi, haddaba muxuu markabka u booday?"] [https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/ "Donald Trump wuxuu u tartamay madaxweyne sannadkii 2000 dhowr xisbi oo dib u habayn ah] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race "Donald Trump wuxuu ku guuldarreystay inuu ka baxo tartanka doorashada madaxtinimada Mareykanka ee 2012"] [https://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489476187/trump-s-second-amendment-comment-fit-a-pattern-of-ambiguous-speech "Khudbada muranka badan dhalisay ee Donald Trump inta badan way socotaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/ "Su'aalaha Trump wuxuu u baahan yahay NATO, wuxuu qeexayaa siyaasadda dibadda ee aan dhexdhexaad ahayn"] [https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ "Donald Trump wuxuu jebiyey taariikhda dhow isagoo aan soo celin canshuur celinta"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Donald Trump Waxa Uu Qiray In Aanu Bixin Cashuuraha Dakhliga Dowladda Dhexe Muddo Sanado Ah"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html "Tiro taariikhi ah oo codbixiyeyaal ah ayaa xumaaday, waxaana intooda badan loo malaynayaa inay u codeeyaan Clinton"] [https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ "Guusha Trump tusaale kale oo ku saabsan sida Kuliyada Doorashada ay u guuleysato ayaa ka weyn codadka dadweynaha"] [https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience "Donald Trump wuxuu noqon doonaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee Maraykanka ee aan lahayn khibrad siyaasadeed iyo mid milatari"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html "Dacwad ku saabsan xadgudubyada Emoluments Trump waxay kasbatay soo jiidashada maxkamadda"] [https://cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/emoluments-supreme-court-donald-trump-case/ "Maxkamadda sare waxay meesha ka saartay kiisas ka dhan ah Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-donation-salary-white-house/2021/07/29/07723234-efd9-11eb-bf80-e3877d9c5f06_story.html "Trump ma raacay ballan qaadkiisii ​​ahaa in uu ku deeqayo 6-dii bilood ee ugu dambeysay mushaarkiisa madaxtinimo? Waa wax qarsoon"] [https://www.citizensforethics.org/reports-investigations/crew-reports/trump-likely-benefited-from-13-6-million-in-payments-from-foreign-governments-during-his-presidency "Trump waxay u badan tahay inuu ka faa'iidey $13.6 milyan oo ay bixiyeen dowlado shisheeye intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/08/trump-jobs-record/ "Trump wuxuu lahaan doonaa rikoodhkii ugu xumaa ee shaqooyinka taariikhda casriga ah ee Maraykanka. Kaliya maaha masiibada"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html "Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka 2017-kii inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Moscow ee doorashada Mareykanka"] [https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ "Xidhiidh badan oo badan, badan, badan, xiriir badan ayuu Donald Trump la leeyahay Ruushka"] {{Wayback|url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |date=20170228022233 }} [https://www.9news.com.au/world/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-investigation-started-with-alexander-downer-interview/16121e23-bdfc-4f32-9822-e4a7f841e3e4 "Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah: Baadhitaanka Trump ee Ruushka ayaa ka bilaabmay waraysiga Alexander Downer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/us/politics/trump-russia-justice-department.html "Xafiiska Cadaaladda. Weligaa si buuxda uma baarin xiriirka Trump ee Ruushka, saraakiishii hore ayaa yiri "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/30/trump-briefly-acknowledges-that-russia-aided-his-election-falsely-says-he-didnt-help-effort/ "Trump wuxuu si kooban u qirayaa in Ruushku gacan ka geystay doorashadiisa - wuxuuna si been abuur ah u sheegay inuusan gacan ka geysan dadaalka"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/328637/last-trump-job-approval-average-record-low.aspx "Oggolaanshaha shaqada ee Trump ee u dambeeyay 34%; Celceliska waa Rikoor-hoosee 41%"] [https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ "Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee la doortay ee Maraykanka oo aan loo magacaabin ninka loogu jecel yahay Maraykanka sannadkiisii ​​ugu horeeyay"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/655955/trump-inaugural-approval-rating-historically-low-again.aspx "Qiimaynta Ansixinta Daahfurka ee Trump waa mid taariikhiyan mar kale hooseysa"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/11/opinion-of-us-has-worsened-in-countries-around-world-in-last-year-survey-shows "Fikirka Mareykanka ayaa ka sii daray dalalka adduunka sannadkii hore, sahan ayaa muujinaya"] [https://www.c-span.org/presidentsurvey2021/ "Sahaminta Taariikhyahanada Madaxweynaha 2021"b] [https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/trump-cspan-president-ranking-497184 "Trump wuxuu ku soo baxay kaalinta 41-aad ee qiimeynta madaxtinimo ee C-SPAN"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/06/30/presidential-rankings-2021-cspan-historians/ "Taariikhyahanadu waxay kaliya doorteen madaxweynayaasha. Trump ma ahayn kii ugu dambeeyay"] [https://scri.siena.edu/2022/06/22/american-presidents-greatest-and-worst/ "Madaxweynayaasha Mareykanka: kan ugu weyn uguna xun"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/19/opinion/how-does-trump-stack-up-against-the-best-and-worst-presidents.html "Fikirka: Sidee buu Trump uga soo horjeedaa kuwa ugu fiican - iyo kan ugu xun - madaxweynayaasha?"] [https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1232447088/historians-presidents-survey-trump-last-biden-14th "Sahanka maalinta madaxweynayaasha taariikhyahanada, Biden vs. Trump maaha wicitaan dhow"]{{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] 4dyxf06ke2g4dk10l61znqeyrlo2nlk 299714 299713 2026-06-27T09:14:16Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Siyaasada Arimaha Dibada */ Fixed grammar 299714 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald John Trump''' (wuxuu dhashay [[Juun]] [[14]], 1946) waa siyaasi [[Mareykan]] ah, shaqsi warbaahin ah, iyo ganacsade ah madaxweynaha 47-aad ee Mareykanka . Xubin ka tirsan Xisbiga Jamhuuriga , wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynihii [[45]]-aad ee [[2017]] ilaa 2021. {{Infobox officeholder | image = Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. THIS IS the new official portrait. See the talk page. --> | alt = Sawirka rasmiga ah ee Madaxweynaha 2025, Donald Trump, oo ah nin caddaan ah oo da’ ah, timo huruud khafiif ah leh, xirta surwaal iyo jaakad buluug ah oo leh surwaal laabta ah, taagan hortiisa calanka Maraykanka. | caption = Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2025. | order = 45aad & 47aad <!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] Waxay lahayd isfaham daciif ah oo lagu sii hayo xaaladda hadda jirta (ma jiro xiriir/ilaha lagu tixraaco).--> | office = Madaxweynaha Maraykanka | vicepresident = [[JD Vance]] | term_start = January 20, 2025 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Joe Biden]] | successor = | vicepresident1 = [[Mike Pence]] | term_start1 = January 20, 2017 | term_end1 = January 20, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Barack Obama]] | successor1 = Joe Biden | birth_name = Donald John Trump | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}} | birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]], U.S. | death_place = | party = [[Xisbiga Jamhuuriga (Mareykanka)|Jamhuuriyaan]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–Hadda) | otherparty = {{ubl | [[Xisbiga Dib-u-habaynta ee Mareykanka|Dib-u-habayn]] (1999–2001) | [[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga (Mareykanka)|Dimuqraadiga]] (2001–2009) | [[Siyaasi madax banaan|Madax banaan]] (2011–2012)}} | spouse = {{ubl | {{marriage|[[Ivana Trump|Ivana Zelníčková]]|1977|1990|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|1993|1999|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]]|2005}} }} | children = {{hlist | [[Donald Trump Jr. |Donald Jr.]] | [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] | [[Eric Trump|Eric]] | [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] | Barron }} | parents = {{ubl | [[Fred Trump]] | [[Mary Anne MacLeod]]}} | relatives = [[Qoyska Trump]] | education = [[Jaamacadda Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Shahaadada Sayniska|BS]]) | occupation = {{hlist | Siyaasi | Ganacsade | Shaqsiga warbaahinta }} | residence = [[Aqalka Cad]] | awards = | signature = Donald Trump (Presidential signature).svg | signature_alt = Saxeexa Donald J. Trump oo qaab farshaxan leh, lagu qoray khad. | website = {{ubl | {{URL|donaldjtrump.com|Campaign website}} | {{URL|trumplibrary.gov|Presidential library}} | {{URL|whitehouse.gov|White House website}} | {{URL|trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov|White House archives}} }} | module = {{Listen voice | filename = Donald Trump speaks on declaration of Covid-19 as a Global Pandemic by the World Health Organization.ogg | description = Trump oo ka hadlay bayaanka [[Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka|Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka]] [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 oo ah cudur faafa caalami ah]] | recorded = Maarso 11, 2020 }} }} Waxa uu ka dhashay qoys qani ah oo ku nool magaalada New York, Trump waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay jaamacadda Pennsylvania [[1968]]-dii isaga oo shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaatay cilmiga dhaqaalaha. Waxa uu noqday madaxweynaha ganacsiga hantida ma-guurtada ah ee qoyskiisa 1971-kii, waxa uu u bixiyay ururka Trump , waxa uuna bilaabay in uu helo oo dhiso dhismayaal dhaadheer, hoteello, casinos, iyo koorsooyin golf. Waxa uu bilaabay ganacsiyo dhinac ah, qaar badan oo shati siinaya magaca Trump, waxana uu xareeyay lix shil oo ganacsi 1990-meeyadii iyo 2000-meeyadii. Laga soo bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2015, wuxuu martigeliyay bandhigga telefishanka dhabta ah ee Tababbarka , isagoo xoojiyay caannimadiisa bilyaneer. Isaga oo isu soo bandhigaya siyaasad dibadda ka ah, Trump ayaa ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016-kii oo uu kula tartamay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary klinton . Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu soo rogay xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah toddobo waddan oo Muslimiin u badan, wuxuu ballaariyay darbiga xuduudka Mexico iyo Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaqan geliyey siyaasadda kala fogeynta qoyska ee xadka. Waxa uu dib u rogay xeerarkii deegaanka iyo ganacsiga, waxa uu saxeexay cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada , waxaanu magacaabay saddex garsoore oo Maxkamadda Sare ah. Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, Trump wuxuu ka saaray Mareykanka heshiisyada cimilada, ganacsiga iyo barnaamijka Nukliyeerka Iran, wuxuuna bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo uu la galo Shiinaha . Isaga oo ka jawaabaya masiibada COVID-19 laga soo bilaabo 2020, wuxuu hoos u dhigay darnaantiisa, wuxuu khilaafay saraakiisha caafimaadka, wuxuuna saxiixay Sharciga CARES . Ka dib markii uu lumiyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2020 ee Joe Biden , Trump wuxuu isku dayay inuu baabi'iyo natiijada , isagoo ku dhamaaday weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol 2021. Waxaa lagu riday 2019 ku takrifal awood iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka, iyo 2021 kicin kicin; guurtidu way ku wayday labada jeerba. 2023, Trump waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay kiisaska madaniga ah ee xadgudubka galmada ( Faylasha Epstein )iyo sumcad-dilista iyo khiyaanada ganacsiga . Waxaa lagu helay dambi ah inuu ka been abuuray diiwaannada ganacsiga 2024, taasoo ka dhigtay inuu noqdo madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Mareykan ah oo lagu helo dambi. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2024 ee Kamala Harris , waxaa lagu xukumay siidayn ciqaab la'aan ah , iyo laba eedeymo dambiile ah oo ka dhan ah haynta dukumentiyada sirta ah iyo carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 ayaa la eryay iyada oo aan eex lahayn. Kiis rafaad ah oo la xidhiidha doorashada 2020 ee Joorjiya waa la sugayaa. Trump wuxuu bilaabay madaxweynanimadiisii ​​labaad isagoo bilaabay shaqo ka cayrin ballaaran oo lagu sameeyay shaqaalaha federaalka . Wuxuu ku soo rogay canshuuraha ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan wadamada heerka ugu sarreeya tan iyo diiqada weyn wuxuuna saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Tallaabooyinka maamulkiisa - oo ay ku jiraan cabsi gelinta mucaaradka siyaasadeed iyo bulshada rayidka ah , masaafurinta soogalootiga, beegsiga dadka jinsiga ah, iyo isticmaalka ballaaran ee amarada fulinta - waxay soo saareen in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo ka soo horjeeda sharcinimadooda . Kiisaska caanka ah waxay hoosta ka xariiqeen tafsiirkiisa ballaadhan ee aragtida fulinta ee midaysan waxayna keentay khilaaf weyn oo lala galo maxkamadaha federaalka. Garsoorayaasha ayaa wax badan oo ka mid ah maamulkiisa ku tilmaamay kuwo sharci darro ah, waxaana dhowr jeer lagu tilmaamay kuwo aan sharciga waafaqsanayn. Laga soo bilaabo 2015, qaabka hoggaamineed ee Trump iyo ajandihiisa siyaasadeed - oo inta badan loo yaqaan Trumpism - ayaa wax ka beddelay aqoonsiga xisbiga Jamhuuriga. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinkiisa iyo ficilladiisa ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsuri ama caqli-xumo, wuxuuna sameeyay hadallo been abuur ah ama marin-habaabin ah wuxuuna kor u qaaday aragtiyaha shirqoolka heer aan horay looga baran siyaasadda Mareykanka. Tallaabooyinka Trump, gaar ahaan markiisa labaad, ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay ahaayeen kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geystay dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ka dib, aqoonyahanno iyo taariikhyahannadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen inuu yahay mid ka mid ah madaxweynayaashii ugu xumaa taariikhda Mareykanka Eedayno badana Waxa Loogu Soo jeediyay Dagaalkii Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan Iyo Difaaciisi Israa'iil iyo Carabta Bariga dhexe . ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== [[File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg|thumb|Akadeemiyada Militariga ee New York , 1964]] Donald John Trump waxa uu ku dhashay June 14, 1946, waxa uu ku dhashay cisbitaalka Jamaica ee ku yaala degmada New York ee degmada Queens , waana ilmihii afraad ee Fred Trump iyo Mary Anne MacLeod Trump . Waa Jarmal iyo Iskotish. Wuxuu ku koray walaalihiis ka weyn, Maryanne , Fred Jr. , iyo Elizabeth, iyo walaalkiis ka yar, Robert , oo ku yaal guri 23-qol ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Jamaica Estates ee Queens. Fred Trump wuxuu caruurtiisa siin jiray midkiiba $20,000 sanadkii, una dhiganta $265,000 sanadkii 2024. Trump wuxuu ahaa milyaneer doolarka sicir-bararka lagu hagaajiyay markuu siddeed jir ahaa. Trump wuxuu dhiganayay dugsiga gaarka loo leeyahay ee Kew-Forest ilaa fasalka toddobaad. Wuxuu ahaa ilmo dhib badan, wuxuuna muujiyay xiisaha hore ee ganacsiga aabihiis. Aabihii waxa uu ka diwaan galiyay New York Military Academy , dugsi boodhin ah oo gaar loo leeyahay, si uu u dhamaysto dugsiga sare. Akadeemiyadda ayaa ku riixday ardayda ciyaaraha isboortiga. waxayna bareen muhiimada guusha. Dugsigii sare, darajooyinkiisu way fiicnaadeen ilaa celceliska B. Trump wuxuu tixgeliyey xirfad ganacsi oo muujinaya, laakiin halkii, si uu ugu dhawaado guriga, wuxuu iska diiwaan geliyay Jaamacadda Fordham 1964. Waxa uu ka qaybqaatay barnaamijka Tababarka Saraakiisha Kaydka ah intii lagu jiray sannadkiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, isagoo dhiganayay fasallo ku labisan dharka ciidamada Arbacada kasta, laakiin wuxuu tuuray sannadkiisii ​​labaad. Wuxuu tuuray kubbadda cagta seddex ama afar usbuuc ka dib wuxuuna ahaa kubbadda cagta dhexdhexaad ah iyo ciyaartoy tennis ah. Asxaabtiisa Fordham waxay ku bareen golf. Sannadkiisii ​​yaraa, wuxuu u wareegay Dugsiga Wharton ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania , inta badan wuxuu u safri jiray xafiiska aabbihiis maalmaha fasaxa ah, wuxuuna ka qalin jabiyay Maajo 1968 oo uu ka qaatay shahaadada Sayniska ee dhaqaalaha. Kulliyadda ma ahayn ardaygii ugu sarreeyay ee uu mararka qaarkood sheegan jiray. Waqtigii uu aaday Wharton-halkaas oo uusan ka muuqan liiska kuwa hela abaalmarinta - wuxuu isha ku hayay xirfad ku taal hantida maguurtada ah. Waxa laga reebay qabyo-qoraalka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Vietnam sababtoo ah sheegashada lafaha cidhibtiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee shan sano oo uu ku jiray dugsiga milatariga, wax dan ah uma lahayn inuu dagaal galo. Koritaanka, wuxuu tixgeliyey aabbihiis iyo wadaadka qoyska, Norman Vincent Peale , inuu noqdo lataliyeyaashiisa. Aabihiis wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu yahay "boqor" iyo inuu yahay "dilaaye". Peale wuxuu ku wacdiyey isku kalsoonida sida dhiirigelinta barwaaqada. ==Xirfad ganacsi== ===Hanti ma guurto ah=== Laga bilaabo 1968, Trump waxa uu ka shaqaaleysiiyay Maareynta Trump, shirkadda aabbihiis ee hantida maguurtada ah, taas oo maamusha dhismayaasha dabaqyada dhexe ee Fred uu ka dhisay Queens , Staten Island , iyo Brooklyn . Hawlihiisa ugu muhiimsan waxay ahaayeen ururinta kirada iyo hagaajinta ilaa shan sano. Isagoo soo jiidasho leh iyo qaninimadiisa, Trump wuxuu ka codsaday aabihiis inuu ku ballaariyo Manhattan halkaas oo qiimihiisu sarreeyo, laakiin aabihiis ayaa ku qanacsanaa xaafadaha dibadda. 1971, wuxuu u guuray Manhattan halkaas oo uu qorsheeyay inuu u guuro ganacsiga wuxuuna u socdaalay xafiiska aabihiis. Sannadkaas, aabihiis wuxuu naftiisa ka dhigay guddoomiye iyo madaxweyne Trump, isaga oo kormeeraya 48 shirkadood oo gaar ah iyo 15 iskaashiga qoyska. Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ururka Trump u isticmaalo dalad ahaan magacyada shirkadaha ganacsi ee aabihiis. Roy Cohn , saamaynta hore ee Trump ee ugu muhiimsan aabihiis ka dib, wuxuu ahaa hagaajintiisa , qareenka, iyo lataliye. sannadihii 13 ee 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii. Cohn wuxuu baray Trump inuu u maleeyo in noloshu tahay macaamil ganacsi. 1973, Cohn wuxuu ka caawiyay Trump inuu ka soo horjeesto dawladda Mareykanka $ 100 milyan (oo u dhiganta $ 708 milyan 2024. eedeymaha ah in guryaha Trump ay takooreen codsadeyaasha madow iyo kireystayaasha. Eedihii Trump waa la laalay, waxaana kiiskii dawladda lagu dhameeyey Trumps oo saxeexay amar oggolaansho oo oggolaaday in meesha laga saaro. Afar sano ka dib, Trumps ayaa mar kale wajahay maxkamadaha markii lagu helay inay diidaan wareegtada. Caawinta mashaariicda Trump, Cohn wuxuu ahaa consigliere kaas oo isku xirka Mafia ay gacanta ku hayaan ururrada dhismaha. Sannadkii 1979-kii, Cohn wuxuu Trump u soo bandhigay la-taliyaha siyaasadda Roger Stone , kaasoo qoray adeegyada Stone si uu ula macaamilo dowladda federaalka. Trump waxa uu ka guuray istuudiyaha isaga oo u guuray guri guri leh oo aragti ah waxa uuna helay shatiga dilaalnimada guryaha bartamihii 1970-meeyadii. Kahor da'da soddon sano, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaankiisa dacwadda, iyada oo aan loo eegin natiijada iyo kharashka; xitaa markii laga badiyay, wuxuu kiiska ku tilmaamay guul. In ka badan soddon sano laga soo bilaabo 2018, Trump wuxuu ku lug lahaa in ka badan 4,000 oo dacwado ah, deymo, iyo faylalyo kale, oo inta badan loo xareeyay lacag la'aan isaga oo ka soo horjeeda shaqaalaha, qandaraaslayaasha, dilaaliinta guryaha, iyo qareenadiisa. Intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009 , Trump wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix ka mid ah ganacsigiisa: Plaza Hotel ee Manhattan, casinos ee Atlantic City, New Jersey , iyo Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts company. Sannadkii 1992, Trump, walaalihiis Maryanne, Elizabeth, iyo Robert, iyo ina-adeerkiis John W. Walter waxay samaysteen All County Building Supply & Maintenance Corp, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay 20 boqolkiiba. Shirkaddu ma lahayn xafiisyo waxaana lagu eedeeyay inay ahayd shirkad qolof ah oo bixisa bixinta adeegyada iyo saadka guryaha kiraynta Trump, ka dibna biilasha adeegyadaas iyo sahayda Maamulka Trump u dhigma 20-50 boqolkiiba iyo ka badan. Milkiilayaasha ayaa wadaagay dakhliga ka soo xarooday calaamaduhu. Kharashka la kordhiyey waxa loo isticmaalay in lagu helo ogolaanshaha gobolka ee kordhinta kirada unugyadiisa kirada-degan. Bishii Janaayo 1994, walaalaha waxay samaysteen Apartment Management Associates waxayna la wareegeen khidmadaha maaraynta ee ay hore u qaadi jirtay Maamulka Trump. Sidoo kale sicir-bararka kirada, qorshayaasha ayaa u adeegay in lagu wareejiyo hantida Fred Trump caruurtiisa iyo adeerka oo hoos loo dhigo culeyska canshuurta. ===Manhattan iyo Chicago horumarka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_with_model_of_Television_City.jpg|thumb|1985-kii oo wata moodal ka mid ah mashruuciisii ​​horumarinta Manhattan ee la soo riday ]] Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha dadweynaha 1978-dii markii uu bilaabay qoyskisa ganacsigii ugu horreeyay ee Manhattan: dib u cusboonaysiinta hudheelka Commodore ee burburay , oo ku dheggan Grand Central Terminal. Maalgelinta waxa fududeeyey $400 milyan oo cashuur dhimis ah oo hantida magaalada ah oo uu u habeeyey isaga oo uu aabbihiis u habeeyey kaas oo sidoo kale, si wada jir ah ula Hyatt , u dammaanad qaaday $70 milyan amaah dhismaha bangiga ah. Hudheelka ayaa dib loo furay 1980-kii isagoo ah Grand Hyatt Hotel , isla sanadkaas, wuxuu helay xuquuq uu ku horumarinayo Trump Tower , oo ah dhismo isku dhafan oo ku yaal Midtown Manhattan. Dhismuhu wuxuu ku yaalaa xarunta dhexe ee Trump Corporation iyo Trump's PAC wuxuuna ahaa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ilaa 2019. 1988, Trump wuxuu ku iibsaday Plaza Hotel isagoo dayn ka helay shirkado ay leeyihiin 16 bangi. Hudheelka ayaa loo gudbiyay ilaalinta musalsalka 1992, waxaana la ansixiyay qorshe dib-u-habayn bil ka dib, iyadoo bangiyada ay la wareegayaan hantida. Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu iska diiday in ka badan $3 bilyan oo deymo bangi ah, amaah-bixiyayaashuna waxay la wareegeen Hotel Plaza oo ay la socdaan badi hantidiisa kale "dib u habeyn ballaaran oo bahdilaad ah" taasoo u ogolaatay inuu ka fogaado khasaare shakhsi ah. Qareenka hogaanka bangiga ayaa sheegay go'aanka bangiyada in "dhammaan waxay isku raaceen in uu ka nolol fiicnaan lahaa dhimashada". Sannadkii 1996-kii, Trump waxa uu la wareegay oo dib u habayn ku sameeyay dhisme 71 dabaq ah oo inta badan bannaanaa oo ku yaalla 40 Wall Street , oo markii dambe loo beddelay Dhismaha Trump. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, wuxuu ku guuleystay xaqa uu u leeyahay inuu horumariyo dhul 70-acre (28 ha) ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Lincoln Square ee u dhow webiga Hudson. Isagoo ku dhibtoonaya deynta ganacsiyada kale ee 1994, wuxuu ka iibiyay inta badan danihiisa mashruuca maalgashadayaasha Aasiya, kuwaas oo maalgeliyay dhamaystirka mashruuca, Riverside South . Mashruucii ugu dambeeyay ee Trump ee dhismaha wuxuu ahaa 92-dabaq ee isku dhafan ee isticmaalka Trump International Hotel iyo Tower ee Chicago, kaas oo la furay 2008. 2024, The New York Times iyo ProPublica ayaa sheegay in Adeegga Dakhliga Gudaha uu baarayay haddii uu laba jeer qoray khasaaraha soo gaaray iyada oo loo marayo kharashka dhismaha iyo iibinta iibinta guryaha yar ee dib u celinta 8. ===casinos Atlantic magaalada=== [[File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg|thumb|Galitaanka Trump Taj Mahal ee Atlantic magaalada]] 1984, Trump wuxuu Harrah ka furay Trump Plaza , hudheel iyo casino, iyada oo maalgelin iyo caawimo maamul ay ka heshay Shirkadda Holiday . Waxay ahayd mid aan faa'iido lahayn, wuxuuna bixiyay Holiday $ 70 milyan bishii Maajo 1986 si uu keligiis u maamulo.  Sannadkii 1985-kii, waxa uu iibsaday hudheelka Atlantic City Hilton oo aan la furin oo uu u beddelay qalcadda Trump . Labada casinos waxay xareeyeen cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta 1992.  Trump wuxuu iibsaday goobta saddexaad ee Atlantic City 1988, Trump Taj Mahal . Waxaa lagu maalgeliyay $675 milyan oo doollar oo junk bonds ah waxaana lagu dhammeeyey $1.1 bilyan, oo la furay Abriil 1990. Waxa uu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta ee 1991. Sida ku cad qodobbada heshiiska dib-u-qaabaynta, waxa uu ka tanaasulay kala badh saamigiisii ​​hore oo shakhsi ahaan dammaanad qaaday waxqabadka mustaqbalka. Si uu u dhimo $900 milyan ee daynta gaarka ah, waxa uu iibiyay diyaaradda Trump Shuttle ; megayacht, Princess Trump , kaas oo laga kireeyay casinoskiisa oo lagu hayo; iyo ganacsiyo kale.  Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), kaas oo qaatay lahaanshaha Trump Plaza.  THCR waxa ay iibsatay Taj Mahal iyo Qasriga Trump 1996 waxana uu kacay 2004 iyo 2009, isaga oo ka tagay lahaanshaha boqolkiiba 10. Waxa uu ahaa guddoomiyaha ilaa 2009. ===Naadiyada Golf-ka=== Sanadkii 1985, Trump wuxuu la wareegay dhismaha Mar-a-Lago ee Palm Beach, Florida. Sannadkii 1995-kii, wuxuu u beddelay hantidii koox gaar ah oo leh lacag bilaw ah iyo kharashyo sannadle ah. Wuxuu sii waday inuu u isticmaalo baalka guriga sidii guri gaar ah. Waxa uu ku dhawaaqay naadigiisa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ee 2019. Waxa uu bilaabay dhisidda iyo iibsiga koorsooyinka golf- ka 1999-kii, isaga oo haysta 17 koorso golf ah 2016. ===Shati siinta magaca Trump=== Ururka Trump wuxuu inta badan shati u siiyay magaca Trump ee badeecadaha iyo adeegyada macaamiisha, oo ay ku jiraan cuntooyinka, dharka, koorasyada waxbarashada, iyo alaabta guriga. In ka badan 50 heshiisyada shatiga ama maamulka ayaa ku lug lahaa magaca Trump, isaga oo u soo saaray ugu yaraan $59 milyan shirkadihiisa. Sannadkii 2018, kaliya laba shirkadood oo alaabta macaamiisha ah ayaa sii waday inay sii wataan shatiga magaciisa. Intii lagu jiray 2000-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu magaciisa shati u siiyay horumarinta guryaha la dego ee adduunka oo dhan, 40 kuwaas oo aan waligood la dhisin. ===Dhaqdhaqaaqyada dhinaca=== [[File:Donald_Trump_and_Doug_Flutie_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Trump_Tower.jpg|thumb|1985 New Jersey Generals shir jaraa'id ee Trump Tower]] Sannadkii 1970-kii, Trump waxa uu galiyay $70,000 oo hantida aabbihiis ah si uu u helo biilasha isaga oo ka mid ah soo saaraha majaajilada Broadway-waxana uu lumiyay lacagtii. Ka dib markii uu u sameeyay dalabyo kubbadda hoose ee New York Mets iyo kooxihii Cleveland Indians baseball, 1983 ilaa $6 milyan, wuxuu iibsaday New Jersey Generals , koox ka tirsan Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Mareykanka . Horyaalka ayaa isku laabmay ka dib xilli ciyaareedkii 1985, oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku daygiisa inuu u guuro jadwalka dayrta (marka ay la tartami lahayd Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Qaranka ee dhagaystayaasha) iyo isku daygiisii ​​ahaa inuu ku qasbo ku biirista NFL isagoo keenaya suudh liddi ku ah. Trump iyo Hotelkiisa Plaza waxa ay marti galiyeen dhowr ciyaarood oo feerka ah hoolka shirarka ee Atlantic City Convention Hall . 1989 iyo 1990, wuxuu magaciisa ku siiyay tartanka tartanka baaskiilka ee Tour de Trump , isku dayga uu ku abuurayo Maraykan u dhigma jinsiyadaha Yurub sida Tour de France ama Giro d'Italia . Laga soo bilaabo 1986 ilaa 1988, wuxuu iibsaday qaybo badan oo saamiyo ah shirkado kala duwan oo dawladeed isagoo soo jeediyay inuu damacsan yahay inuu la wareego shirkadda kadibna uu iibiyo saamigiisa faa'iido, taasoo keentay in dadka indha indheeya ay u maleynayaan inuu ku hawlan yahay ganacsiga cagaaran .waqtiga New York waxay ogaatay in uu markii hore malaayiin doolar ku sameeyay macaamil ganacsi oo noocaas ah, laakiin "luminaya inta badan, haddii aysan ahayn dhammaan, faa'iidooyinkaas ka dib markii maalgashadayaasha ay joojiyeen in ay si dhab ah u qaataan hadalkiisa". [[File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG|thumb|Xiddiga Trump ee Socodka caanka ah ee Hollywood]] 1988, Trump waxa uu iibsaday Shuttle-ka Diyaaradaha ee Bari , isaga oo ku maal-geliyay iibsiga $380 milyan (oo u dhiganta $1.01 bilyan ee 2024 oo amaah ah oo ka socota bangiyada 22. Waxa uu u beddelay shirkadda duulimaadka ee Trump Shuttle waxana uu ku shaqaynayey ilaa 1992. Waxa uu diiday deymihiisii ​​1991-kii, lahaanshahana waxa uu u gudbay bangiyada. 1996-kii, wuxuu soo iibsaday Miss Universe pageants, oo ay ku jiraan Miss USA iyo Miss Teen USA . Sababtoo ah khilaafyada CBS ee ku saabsan jadwalka, wuxuu u qaaday labada bog ee NBC ee 2002. 2007, wuxuu helay xiddig ku socda Hollywood Walk of Fame shaqadiisa soo saaraha Miss Universe. NBC iyo Univision waxay hoos u dhigeen boggaga bishii Juun 2015 iyaga oo ka falcelinaya faallooyinkiisa ku saabsan soogalootiga Mexico. Sannadkii 2005, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Jaamacadda Trump , oo ah shirkad iibisa siminaarada guryaha ilaa $35,000. Ka dib markii maamulka Gobolka New York ay ku wargaliyeen shirkadda in isticmaalkeeda "jaamacad" ay jabisay sharciga gobolka (maadaama aysan ahayn machad akadeemiyadeed), magaceeda waxaa loo beddelay Trump Entrepreneur Initiative 2010. Sannadkii 2013, Gobolka New York wuxuu gudbiyay $ 40 milyan dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Jaamacadda Trump, isagoo ku eedeeyay in shirkadu ay samaysay hadallo been abuur ah oo ay khiyaanaysay macaamiisha. Intaa waxaa dheer, laba tallaabo oo heer caalami ah ayaa laga gudbiyay maxkamad federaali ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyo shirkadihiisa. Dukumiintiyo gudaha ah ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in shaqaalaha lagu amray inay adeegsadaan qaab si adag loo iibiyo, waxaana shaqaalihii hore ay caddeeyeen in jaamacadda Trump ay khiyaameysay ama been u sheegtay ardaydeeda. Wax yar ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016, wuxuu ogolaaday inuu bixiyo wadarta $ 25 milyan si loo xalliyo saddexda kiis. ===Aasaaska=== Donald J. Trump Foundation wuxuu ahaa aasaaska gaarka ah ee la aasaasay 1988. Laga soo bilaabo 1987 ilaa 2006, Trump wuxuu siiyay aasaaskiisa $ 5.4 milyan, taas oo ku baxday dhammaadkii 2006 . Vince McMahon . Aasaaska ayaa la siiyay samafalka caafimaadka- iyo isboortiga la xiriira, kooxaha muxaafidka ah, iyo samafal oo qabtay munaasabadaha guryaha Trump. Sannadkii 2016, The Washington Post ayaa sheegtay in hay'ad samafal ahi ay geysatay dhowr xadgudubyo xagga sharciga iyo anshaxa ah, oo ay ku jiraan is-wax-ka-qabasho iyo canshuur lunsi . Sidoo kale 2016, xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York ayaa sheegay in aasaaska uu ku xad-gudbay sharciga gobolka iyadoo la codsanayo deeqaha iyada oo aan la soo gudbin xisaab-celinta dibadda ee sannadlaha ah ee loo baahan yahay oo uu ku amray inay joojiso hawlaheeda lacag-ururinta ee New York isla markiiba. Kooxda Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay December 2016 in aasaaska la burburin doono. Bishii Juun 2018, xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York wuxuu gudbiyay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah aasaaska, Trump, iyo caruurtiisa qaangaarka, iyagoo raadinaya $2.8 milyan oo magdhow ah iyo ganaaxyo dheeraad ah. Bishii Diseembar 2018, aasaaska shaqada wuu joojiyay oo wuxuu u qaybiyay hantidiisa hay'ado kale oo samafal ah. ]Bishii Noofambar 2019, garsooraha gobolka New York ayaa ku amray Trump inuu bixiyo $2 milyan oo doolar koox samafal ah oo si khaldan u isticmaalay lacagaha mu'asasada, qayb ahaan si loo maalgeliyo ololihiisa madaxtinimo. ===Arrimaha sharciga iyo kacsiga=== Marka loo eego dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyay faylalka maxkamadda gobolka iyo federaalka oo ay samaysay USA Today sanadkii 2018, Trump iyo ganacsigiisu waxay ku lug lahaayeen in ka badan 4,000 oo tallaabo sharci oo heer gobol iyo federaal ah. Inkastoo uusan u xarayn kicinta shakhsi ahaaneed , ganacsigiisa hudheelka iyo casinos ee Atlantic City iyo New York wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix jeer intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009. Waxay sii wadeen inay shaqeeyaan halka bangiyada ay dib u habeyn ku sameeyeen deynta waxayna yareeyeen saamiyadiisa guryaha. Intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii, in ka badan 70 bangi ayaa Trump amaahiyay $4 bilyan. Ka dib markii uu kacday shirkaddiisa horraantii 1990-meeyadii, bangiyada ugu waaweyn, marka laga reebo Deutsche Bank , waxay diideen inay amaahiyaan isaga. Ka dib weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol , bangigu wuxuu go'aansaday inuusan ganacsi la samayn isaga ama shirkadiisa xiriirka la leh mustaqbalka. ===Maalka=== [[File:State Visit of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia State Dinner Receiving Line with Ivana Trump and Donald Trump in East Room - DPLA - 1a44d05819eab8ba3dcf7a6883ad92ba.jpg|thumb|Trump (midigta midig) iyo xaaskiisa Ivana oo 1985-kii casho sharaf dawladeed u sameeyey [[Boqor]] Fahad ee [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo ay la yeesheen Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan iyo Marwada Koowaad ee Nancy Reagan]] Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu shaqadiisa ku bilaabay “amaah yar oo hal milyan oo dollar ah” oo uu aabihii ka helay oo ay ahayd in uu dib ugu bixiyo ribo. Waxa uu ka amaahday ugu yaraan $60 milyan aabbihii, inta badan ma bixin deymihii, oo waxa uu ka helay $413 milyan oo kale (2018 u dhiganta, oo loo habeeyey sicir bararka) shirkadda aabihiis.  Isaga oo iska dhigaya sarkaal ka tirsan Ururka Trump oo lagu magacaabo " John Barron ", Trump wuxuu wacay saxafiga Jonathan Greenberg [[1984]], isagoo isku dayaya inuu darajo sare ka helo liiska Forbes 400 ee hodanka Mareykanka. Trump wuxuu iskiis u sheegay qiimihiisa saafiga ah: laga jaray $900 milyan 1990  ilaa $10 bilyan 2015. Sannadkii 2015, Forbes wuxuu ku qiyaasay hantidiisa $4.5 bilyan, iyadoo lagu salaynayo waraysiyo lala yeeshay in ka badan 80 ilo. Sannadkii 2025, majaladda ayaa ku qiyaastay hantidiisa $5.1 bilyan waxayna ku qiimeysay qofka 700-aad ee ugu qanisan adduunka. ==Xirfadda warbaahinta== Trump waxa uu daabacay 19 buug oo magaciisa ku qoran, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay qoreen ama ay qoreen kuwa wax qora . Buugiisi ugu horeeyay, The Art of the Deal (1987), waxa uu ahaa New York Times iibiyaha ugu fiican , waxaana lagu tiriyaa New Yorker in uu Trump ka dhigay mid caan ku ah "astaanta maalqabeenada guulaystay". Buugga waxaa qoray Tony Schwartz , kaas oo loo aqoonsan yahay qoraaga. Trump wuxuu lahaa muuqaalo filimaan badan iyo bandhigyo telefishan laga soo bilaabo 1985 ilaa 2001 . Wuxuu si goos-goos ah ugu soo muuqday shirkadda legdinta ee WWE laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii oo ay ku jiraan WrestleMania 23 ee 2007. Laga bilaabo 1990-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu u muuqday 24 jeer isagoo marti ku ah bandhigga Howard Stern Show ee qaranka . Waxa uu lahaa barnaamij sheeko gaaban oo raadiyaha ah, Trumped! , laga bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2008. Laga soo bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2015, wuxuu ahaa faallooyinka martida ee Fox & Friends . Sannadkii 2021, Trump, oo xubin ka ahaa tan iyo 1989, wuu iska casilay SAG-AFTRA si uu uga fogaado dhageysiga edbinta ee ku saabsan weerarkii Janaayo 6. Laba maalmood ka dib, ururka shaqaalaha ayaa si joogto ah u diiday isaga. ===Tababbarka iyo Xirfadlaha caanka ah=== Soo saaraha Mark Burnett ayaa Trump ka dhigay xiddig telefishan ah markii uu abuuray The Apprentice , kaas oo Trump uu martigeliyay 2004 ilaa 2015 (oo ay ku jiraan kala duwanaanshaha The Celebrity Apprentice ). Bandhigyada, waxa uu ahaa madaxa fulinta sare oo meesha ka saaray tartamayaasha odhaahda " waad cayrisay". The New York Times ayaa ugu yeedhay sawirkiisa "mid aad u faanaysi badan, oo aad u khayaali ah" naftiisa. Bandhigyadu waxay dib u dhigeen sawirka Trump malaayiin daawadayaal ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. Heshiisyada shatiga ee la xidhiidha, waxay kasbadeen in ka badan $400 milyan. ==Himilooyinka siyaasadeed ee hore== Trump wuxuu ka diiwaan gashan yahay Jamhuuriya ahaan Queens 1969 iyo Manhattan 1987; xubin ka mid ah Xisbiga Madaxbanaanida , gobolka New York ee xisbiga Reform Party , 1999; Dimuqraadiyiintii 2001 ; Jamhuuriyaddii 2009; aan xiriir la lahayn 2011; iyo Jamhuuriya 2012 [[File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor.jpg|thumb|Isagoo ka hadlaya CPAC , [[Febraayo]] 2011]] 1987, Trump wuxuu xayeysiisyo bog buuxa ah ku dhejiyay wargeysyada waaweyn oo muujinaya aragtidiisa ku aaddan siyaasadda dibadda iyo sida loo tirtiro hoos u dhaca miisaaniyadda federaalka. Sannadkii 1988-kii, waxa uu la xidhiidhay Lee Atwater , isaga oo waydiisanaya in la tixgeliyo in uu yahay musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga ee George HW Bush . Bush wuxuu codsigaas u helay "mid qariib ah oo aan la rumaysan karin". Trump waxa uu ahaa musharrax 2000 ee xisbiga Reform Party ee horudhaca madaxtinnimada saddex bilood ka hor inta uusan ka tanaasulin Febraayo 2000 . Waxa uu ka hadlay shirkii waxqabadka siyaasadda ee muxaafidka bishii Febraayo, wuxuuna khudbado ka jeediyay gobollada horudhaca ah ee horudhaca ah. Bishii Maajo 2011, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuusan tartami doonin ==2016 doorashada madaxweynaha== Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay inuu u sharaxan yahay doorashada 2016 June 2015. Waxa uu u ololeeyay sidii maalqabeen, ganacsade guul leh iyo shisheeye aan khibrad siyaasadeed lahayn, wuxuuna ku andacoodey in warbaahintu u xaglinayso isaga. Hadaladiisa ol'olaha badanaa waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan caddayn oo soo jeedin ah, iyo lambarka rikoodhku waa been. Waxa uu noqday murashaxa ugu horreeya ee Jamhuuriga bishii March 2016 waxaana lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay musharaxa Jamhuuriga ee la malaynayo bishii May [[File:Donald_Trump_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg|thumb|Ololaha Arizona, Maarso 2016]] Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay NATO mid "dhacday" iyo aragtiyo la isku halleyn karo oo lagu tilmaamay Washington Post inay yihiin kuwo aan dhexdhexaad ahayn iyo ilaalin . Ololihiisa ololaha wuxuu xooga saaray dib u gorgortanka xiriirka US-China iyo heshiisyada ganacsiga xorta ah sida NAFTA iyo si adag u dhaqan gelinta sharciyada socdaalka. Jagooyinka kale ee ololaha waxaa ka mid ah raadinta madaxbannaanida tamarta iyada oo ka soo horjeeda xeerarka isbeddelka cimilada, casriyeynta adeegyada loogu talagalay halyeeyada , baabi'inta iyo beddelka sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo , baabi'inta heerarka waxbarashada aasaasiga ah , maalgelinta kaabayaasha , fududaynta koodhka canshuurta iyada oo la dhimayo canshuuraha, iyo ku soo rogida canshuuraha soo dejinta ee shirkadaha ka shaqeeya xeebaha. Waxa uu ku taliyey in la kordhiyo kharashaadka milatariga iyo in si xad dhaaf ah loo baadho ama laga mamnuuco soogalootiga dalalka Muslimka u badan. Waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu darbi ka dhisayo xudduudda Mexico iyo Maraykanka, waxa uuna wacad ku maray in Mexico ay bixin doonto kharashka. Wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu masaafurin doono malaayiin muhaajiriin sharci darro ah oo ku nool Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaleeceeyay dhalashada dhalashada inuu dhiirigelinayo " carruurta barroosinka ah ". Sida laga soo xigtay falanqaynta Sayniska Siyaasadda ee Quarterly , Trump wuxuu sameeyay "ras-raac cad oo cunsurinimo iyo jinsiyeed ah si uu uga guuleysto codbixiyayaasha cadaanka ah" intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxtinimada ee 2016. Gaar ahaan, khudbadiisii ​​ololaha ololaha ayaa soo jiidatay dhaleeceyn ku aaddan sheegashada muhaajiriinta reer Mexico "waxay keeneen daroogo, waxay keeneen dambi, waa kufsi"; oo ka jawaabaya, NBC waxay ka eriday Xirfadlaha caanka ah . Warbixinada Trump ee FEC ee looga baahan yahay ayaa ku taxay hantida ka sareysa $1.4 bilyan iyo deymaha taagan ee ugu yaraan $315 milyan. Ma uusan sii deyn canshuur celintiisa , taasoo lid ku ah dhaqanka musharax kasta oo weyn tan iyo 1976 iyo ballanqaadkiisii ​​2014 iyo 2015 inuu sidaas sameyn doono haddii uu u tartamo jagada. ( 166 ) Wuxuu sheegay in canshuur celintiisa la baarayo , qareennadiisuna ay kula taliyeen inuusan sii deyn. Kadib dagaal dheer oo maxkamadeed oo lagu joojinayo sii deynta canshuur celintiisa iyo diiwaanada kale ee qareenka degmada Manhattan si loogu sameeyo dambi baaris, oo ay ku jiraan laba racfaan oo uu Trump u gudbiyay Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka , Febraayo 2021 maxkamadda sare waxay ogolaatay in diiwaannada loo sii daayo dacwad oogaha si ay u eegaan xeerbeegti weyn. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, qaybo ka mid ah dacwadaha gobolka Trump ee 1995 ayaa loo siidaayay wariye ka socda New York Times . Waxay muujinayaan inuu ku dhawaaqay inuu khasaaray $ 916 milyan sanadkaas, taas oo u ogolaan karta inuu ka fogaado canshuuraha ilaa 18 sano. Trump ayaa ku guuleystay 306 cod oo la ballanqaaday halka 232 ay heshay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary Clinton . Ka dib markii doorashadi labada dhinac ay ka baxeen , tirinta rasmiga ah waxay ahayd 304 ilaa 227 . Waxa uu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan ka mid ahayn ciidamada, mana qaban wax xafiis dawladeed ka hor inta uusan noqon madaxweynaha. Doorashadiisu waxay calaamad u ahayd soo noqoshada dawlad Jamhuuriya oo aan qaybsanayn . Guusha Trump waxay dhalisay mudaaharaadyo ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Maraykanka ==Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay (2017-2021)== [[File:Donald_Trump_swearing_in_ceremony.jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , oo uu maamulayo madaxa cadaalada John G. Roberts Jr. , Janaayo 20, 2017]] [[File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg|thumb|Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2017]] ===Ficilada hore=== Trump ayaa la caleemasaaray Janaayo 20, 2017. Maalin ka dib markii la caleemasaaray, qiyaastii 2.6 milyan oo qof oo adduunka ah, oo ay ku jiraan 500,000 oo ku nool Washington, DC, ayaa mudaaharaad ka dhan ah isaga oo ka qeyb qaatay socodkii haweenka . Intii lagu guda jiray usbuucii ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump wuxuu saxiixay lix amar fulineed , oo ay ku jiraan oggolaanshaha habraacyada baabi'inta sharciga ilaalinta bukaanka iyo daryeelka la awoodi karo ("Obamacare"), ka noqoshada wada-xaajoodka iskaashiga Trans-Pacific, horumarinta mashaariicda Keystone XL iyo Dakota Access Pipeline , iyo qorsheynta darbiga xadka Maraykanka ee Mexico. ===Isku dhacyada xiisaha=== Ka hor inta aan la caleema-saarin, Trump wuxuu ganacsigiisa u raray kalsooni la burin karo , halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa kalsooni indho la'aan ama habayn u dhigma "si uu naftiisa uga gooyo danihiisa ganacsi". Wuxuu sii waday inuu ka faa'iidaysto ganacsigiisa wuxuuna ogaa sida siyaasadda maamulkiisu u saamaysay. Inkasta oo uu sheegay in uu ka fogaan doono "heshiisyada cusub ee ajnabiga ah", Ururka Trump wuxuu dabagalay ballaarinta hawlgalka ee Scotland, Dubai, iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dominican. ​​Lobbyists, saraakiisha dawladda shisheeye, deeq-bixiyeyaasha Trump iyo xulafadooda ayaa boqolaal milyan oo doolar u soo ururiyay goobihiisa dalxiiska iyo hoteellada. Trump ayaa lagu dacweeyay inuu ku xad-gudbay Qodobbada Emoluments Gudaha iyo Dibadda ee Dastuurka Mareykanka , markii ugu horreysay ee qodobbada si cad loo dacweeyay. Hal kiis ayaa lagu diiday maxkamadda hoose. Labo ayaa Maxkamadda Sare ay shaqada ka cayrisay ka dib markii uu xilka qabtay. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu ugu deeqayo mushaharkiisa madaxtinnimo iyo faa'iidada uu ka helo dammaanadda shisheeye ee dawladda Maraykanka. Waxa uu ugu deeqay mushaharkiisa hay'adaha federaalka waxana uu dacaayadeeyay deeq kasta ilaa Juulay 2020. Wakaaladaha federaaliga ah ee ay sahamisay The Washington Post bishii Luulyo 2021 waxa ay sheegeen in aanay wax hadiyad ah helin wixii ka dambeeyay bishaas. Muwaadiniinta Mas'uuliyadda iyo Anshaxa ee Washington ayaa sheegay 2024 inuu ku deeqay $448,000 oo lagu qiyaasay $13.6 milyan oo lacag ah oo uu ka helay dawlado shisheeye muddadiisii ​​ugu horreysay. ===Siyaasadda gudaha=== Trump wuxuu xafiiska la wareegay meesha ugu sarreysa ballaarinta dhaqaale ee ugu dheer taariikhda Mareykanka, kaasoo bilaabmay 2009 oo socday ilaa Febraayo 2020, markii hoos u dhaca COVID-19 uu bilaabmay. Bishii Disembar 2017, wuxuu saxiixay Sharciga dhimista Canshuuraha iyo Shaqada ee 2017 . Waxay hoos u dhigtay qiimaha cashuuraha ee ganacsiyada iyo shakhsiyaadka waxayna meesha ka saartay ciqaabtii la xidhiidhay sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo . Maamulka Trump ayaa ku andacoonaya in ficilku aanu hoos u dhigi doonin dakhliga dawladda, laakiin dakhliga 2018 ayaa 7.6 boqolkiiba ka hooseeya saadaasha. Marka loo eego Trump, hoos u dhaca miisaaniyada federaalku wuxuu kordhay ku dhawaad ​​50 boqolkiiba, ilaa ku dhawaad ​​$ 1 trillion 2019. Dhammaadkii muddadiisa, deynta qaranka Mareykanka waxay kordheen 39 boqolkiiba, taasoo gaartay $ 27.75 trillion, iyo saamiga US-deficit-to-GDP ayaa ku dhuftey mid sare oo ka mid ah Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Trump waxa kale oo uu ku guuldarraystay in uu ka dhabeeyo ballan-qaadkiisii ​​ololaha ee ahaa $1 trillion oo qorshe kharash-bixineed oo kaabayaasha ah. Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee casriga ah ee Maraykanka ee xilka ka taga isaga oo ka shaqaale yar marka loo eego markii uu xilka qabtay, saddex milyan oo qof. Wuxuu diiday fikradda sayniska ee isbeddelka cimilada . Wuxuu hoos u dhigay miisaaniyada cilmi baarista tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo 40 boqolkiiba wuxuuna bedelay siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee lagu hagayay isbedelka cimilada. Wuxuu ka baxay heshiiskii Paris , taasoo ka dhigtay Mareykanka dalka kaliya ee aan ansixin. Wuxuu ujeedkiisu ahaa in kor loo qaado wax soo saarka iyo dhoofinta shidaalka fosil . Gaaska dabiiciga ah ayaa balaariyay Trump, laakiin dhuxusha ayaa sii waday hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu dib u soo celiyay in ka badan 100 xeerarka deegaanka ee federaalka, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa xakameyey qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo , wasakhowga hawada iyo biyaha, iyo isticmaalka walxaha sunta ah. Wuxuu wiiqay ilaalinta xoolaha iyo heerarka deegaanka ee mashaariicda kaabayaasha federaalka, wuxuuna balaariyay meelaha la oggol yahay ee qodista iyo soo saarista kheyraadka, sida oggolaanshaha qodista Qaxootiga Arctic . Trump wuxuu burburiyay xeerarkii federaalka ee caafimaadka, shaqada, deegaanka, iyo meelo kale, oo ay ku jiraan sharci baabi'iyay xeerkii xilligii Obama ee xaddidayay iibinta hubka dadka maskaxda ka xanuunsan. Inta lagu jiro lixdii toddobaad ee ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, wuxuu dib u dhigay, hakiyay, ama beddelay sagaashan xeer federaal ah, inta badan "kadib codsiyo ka yimid warshadaha nidaamsan". Machadka Daacadnimada Siyaasadda wuxuu ogaaday in 78 boqolkiiba soo jeedintiisa ay xannibeen maxkamadaha ama aysan ka adkaan dacwadda. Intii lagu guda jiray ololihiisa, Trump wuxuu wacad ku maray inuu baabi'in doono oo uu bedeli doono Sharciga Daryeelka La awoodi karo . Xafiiska, waxa uu hoos u dhigay fulinta sharciga iyada oo loo marayo amarada fulinta. Wuxuu muujiyay rabitaan ah inuu "u oggolaado Obamacare inuu guuldareysto"; maamulkiisu waxa uu kala badh ka dhimay xilliga is-diiwaangelinta waxana uu si weyn u dhimay dhaqaalihii loogu talo galay dhiirrigelinta diiwaangelinta. Bishii Juun 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu ku biiray 18 dawladood oo Jamhuurigu hoggaamiyo oo ku doodaya ka hor Maxkamadda Sare in baabi'inta ganaaxyada maaliyadeed ee la xidhiidha waajibaadka shakhsi ahaaneed ay ka dhigtay sharciga mid dastuuri ah. Codsigoodu wuxuu baabi'in lahaa caymiska caafimaadka ilaa 23 milyan oo Maraykan ah, laakiin kuma guulaysan. Intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016, Trump wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu ilaalin doono maalgelinta Medicare iyo barnaamijyada kale ee badbaadada bulshada. Janaayo 2020, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaanka inuu tixgeliyo dhimista iyaga. Isagoo ka jawaabaya cudurka faafa ee opioid , Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharci sanadka 2018 si loo kordhiyo maalgelinta daawaynta daroogada, laakiin waxaa si weyn loogu dhaleeceeyay inuu ku guuldareystay inuu sameeyo istiraatiijiyad la taaban karo. Wuxuu ka mamnuucay hay'adaha bixiya ilmo iska soo rididda ama u gudbinta ilmo soo rididda inay helaan lacagaha federaalka. Waxa uu sheegay in uu taageeray "guurka dhaqameed", laakiin wuxuu tixgeliyey sharcinimada waddanka oo dhan ee guurka isku jinsiga ah "la degay". Maamulkiisu waxa uu dib u rogay qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah ilaalinta goobta shaqada ee maamulka Obama ee ka dhanka ah takoorka dadka LGBTQ .Isku daygiisii ​​isku daygiisii ​​ee ilaalinta takoorka ee bukaannada transgender- ka bishii Agoosto 2020 waxaa joojiyay garsoore federaal ah ka dib markii ay xukuntay Maxkamadda Sare ay kordhisay ilaalinta xuquuqda madaniga ah ee shaqaalaha aqoonsiga jinsiga iyo jihada galmada. Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu ka soo horjeedo xakamaynta hubka , in kasta oo ay aragtidiisu is beddeshay muddo ka dib. Maamulkiisu waxa uu qaatay mawqif ka dhan ah marijuana , isaga oo burinaya siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee ilaalin jiray dawladaha sharciyeeyay marijuana. Waa u doode muddo dheer ah ee ciqaabta dilka ah, iyo maamulkiisu wuxuu kormeeray dawladda federaalka ah ee fulinta 13 maxbuus, in ka badan 56 sano ee hore marka la isku daro, oo soo afjaraya 17 sano oo joojin ah. Sannadkii 2016, wuxuu sheegay inuu taageersan yahay isticmaalka hababka jirdilka su'aalaha "jahannamo aad uga xun kan biyaha-qaadista . ===Xiriirka jinsiyadeed=== Faallooyinka Trump ee 2017 Mideynta Dibad-baxa Xaqa ah , oo cambaareeyay "bandhiggan foosha xun ee nacaybka, nacaybka iyo rabshadaha dhinacyo badan" oo sheegaya in ay jiraan "dad aad u fiican oo labada dhinac ah", ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay inay muujinayaan u dhigma akhlaaqda u dhexeeya dibad-baxayaasha sare-sare ee cadaanka ah iyo mudaaharaadayaasha. Bishii Janaayo 2018 dood ku saabsan sharciga socdaalka, waxaa la sheegay inuu u tixraacay El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, iyo wadamada Afrika sida "wadamada shithole". Hadaladiisa waxaa lagu cambaareeyay cunsurinimo. [[File:President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(49964153176).jpg|Iyadoo koox saraakiil iyo la-taliyeyaal ah ay ka soo lugeeyeen Aqalka Cad kuna sii jeeday Kaniisadda St.]] Bishii Luulyo 2019, Trump ayaa bartiisa twitterka ku soo qoray in afar haween ah oo ka tirsan Kongareeska Dimuqraadiga—dhammaan dadka laga tirada badan yahay, oo seddex ka mid ah ay u dhasheen Mareykanka - ay tahay inay " ku laabtaan " dalalkii ay "ka yimaadeen".Laba maalmood ka dib Golaha Wakiiladu waxay u codeeyeen 240-187, inta badan iyagoo raacaya xisbiyada, si ay u cambaareeyaan "faallooyinka cunsuriyadda". Daabacaada wadani ee cadaanka ah iyo warbaahinta bulshada ayaa amaanay hadaladiisa, kuwaas oo sii socday maalmaha soo socda. Waxa uu sii waday hadallo la mid ah intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2020. Bishii Juun 2020, intii lagu jiray mudaaharaadyadii George Floyd , saraakiisha fulinta sharciga federaalku waxay isticmaaleen sunta dadka ka ilmeysiisa iyo tabaha kale ee dadka si ay uga saaraan dad badan oo nabdoon oo mudaaharaadayaal sharci ah fagaaraha Lafayette , bannaanka Aqalka Cad . Trump ayaa markaa la soo baxay Kitaabka Quduuska ah si uu sawir uga qaado Kaniisadda Episcopal St. Hogaamiyeyaal ciidan oo badan oo shaqada ka fadhiistay iyo saraakiisha difaaca ayaa cambaareeyay soo jeedintiisa ah in uu isticmaalo millatariga Maraykanka mudaharaadayaasha ka soo horjeeda bilayska. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee uu Trump xilka hayay, waxa uu oggolaaday 237 codsi oo naxariis ah, taas oo ka yar dhammaan madaxweynayaashii tan iyo 1900-kii marka laga reebo George HW Bush iyo George W. Bush . Keliya 25 iyaga ka mid ah ayaa waxaa shaandheeyay Xafiiska Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Xafiiska Qareenka Cafiska ; kuwa kale waxaa la siiyay dadka xiriirka shakhsi ahaaneed ama siyaasadeed ee isaga, qoyskiisa, iyo xulafadiisa, ama ay ku taliyaan dadka caanka ah. Maalintii ugu dambaysay ee uu xafiiska joogay, waxa uu ogolaaday 73 cafis waxana uu ka khafiifiyay 70 xukun. Dhawr xulafada Trump ah uma qalmin cafis marka loo eego xeerarka Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo xaalado kale waaxdu waxay ka soo horjeedsatay naxariista. Cafiskii saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan ciidanka milatariga oo lagu helay ama lagu soo oogay dambiyo rabshado wata ayaa waxaa ka soo horjeestay hogaamiyayaasha ciidamada. ===Socdaalka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg|thumb|Baarista tusaalaha darbiga xadka ee Otay Mesa, California]] Madaxweyne ahaan, Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay socdaalka sharci darrada ah inuu yahay "duulaanka" Maraykanka oo uu si weyn u kordhiyay fulinta socdaalka. Wuxuu hirgeliyay siyaasado adag oo ka dhan ah magangalyo-doonka wuxuuna u daabulay ku dhawaad ​​6,000 oo askari xadka US-Mexico si ay u joojiyaan isgoysyada sharci darrada ah. Waxa uu hoos u dhigay tirada qaxootiga loo ogolaaday in ay diiwaan gashadaan, laga bilaabo xadka sanadlaha ah ee 110,000 ka hor inta uusan xafiiska la wareegin 15,000 ee 2021 . Mid ka mid ah ballamihiisii ​​ololaha dhexe waxa ay ahayd in uu derbi ka dhisayo xudduudda US-Mexico ; intii lagu jiray xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Maraykanku wuxuu dhisay 73 mayl (117 km) oo derbi ah meelaha aan lahayn caqabadaha iyo 365 mayl (587 km) si uu u beddelo caqabadaha hore. 2018, diidmada Trump ee ah in uu saxeexo kharash kasta oo kharash ah ilaa ay u qoondaysay maalgelinta darbiga xuduudka waxay keentay xidhidhkii ugu dheeraa abid ee dawladda dhexe , muddo 35 maalmood ah laga bilaabo Disembar 2018 ilaa Janaayo 2019. Si looga fogaado xidhitaan kale, Koongarasku waxa uu soo saaray biil dhaqaale oo dhan $1.4 bilyan oo loogu talagalay dayrarka xuduudaha bishii Febraayo. Trump ayaa markii dambe ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo heer qaran ah oo ku taal xudduudda koonfureed si uu u leexiyo $ 6.1 bilyan oo maalgelin ah derbiga xudduudaha inkastoo congress-ka is khilaafeen. Bishii Janaayo 2017, Trump wuxuu saxiixay amar fulin oo u diidaya inay soo galaan muwaadiniinta lix waddan oo Muslimiin u badan afar bilood iyo inay ka yimaadaan Suuriya si aan xad lahayn. Amarka ayaa sababay mudaaharaadyo badan iyo caqabado sharci taasoo keentay amarro dalka oo dhan ah . Amarka dib loo eegay oo bixiya qaar ka reeban ayaa sidoo kale xannibay maxkamadaha, laakiin Maxkamadda Sare waxay xukuntay bishii Juun in mamnuucida la fulin karo kuwa ka maqan " xidhiidh daacad ah oo lala yeesho qof ama hay'ad" gudaha Maraykanka saraakiil, laakiin waxay ka saareen Ciraaq iyo Suudaan. Maxkamadda Sare waxay ogolaatay in noocaas uu dhaqan galo Diseembar 2017, oo ugu dambeyntii taageertay xayiraadda 2019. Laga soo bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu lahaa siyaasad kala qaybsanaan qoys oo kala saaray in ka badan 4,400 carruurta soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee waalidkood, 2 ee Maraykanka . Siyaasad aan hore loo arag. ayaa dalka ka dhalisay cadho dadweyne. Inkasta oo Trump uu markii hore eedaynayay Dimuqraadiyiinta oo uu ku adkaystay inuusan joojin karin siyaasadda amarka fulinta, wuxuu aqbalay cadaadiska dadweynaha bishii Juun 2018 wuxuuna amray in qoysaska soogalootiga sharci-darrada ah la wada xiro haddii aysan "ay jirin walaac" khatarta ilmaha. Garsooraha ayaa markii dambe amar ku bixiyay in qoysaska la isu keeno oo kala fogaansho dheeraad ah la joojiyo marka laga reebo xaalado xaddidan, inkastoo in ka badan 1,000 carruur dheeraad ah laga soocay qoysaskooda amarka ka dib. ===Siyaasada Arimaha Dibada=== [[File:-G7Biarritz_(48616362963).jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyayaasha G7 ayaa shir madaxeedka 45-aad ee Fransiiska, 2019]] Trump wuxuu isku tilmaamay inuu yahay "qaraniyad" iyo siyaasadiisa arrimaha dibadda " America First ". Waxa uu taageeray dawladihii populist , neo-nationalist , iyo dawlado kali-talis ah. Saadalin la'aan, hubanti la'aan, iyo iswaafaqla'aan ayaa lagu gartaa xiriirka dibadda intii uu xilka hayay. Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo xulafadiisa reer Yurub waxa uu ahaa mid xun intii uu Trump joogay. Wuxuu dhaleeceeyay xulafada NATO wuxuuna si gaar ah u soo jeediyay in Maraykanku ka baxo NATO . Trump wuxuu taageeray siyaasado badan oo ka mid ah siyaasadaha ra'iisul wasaaraha Israel Benjamin Netanyahu . Sannadkii 2020, Trump waxa uu martigeliyay saxeexa heshiiskii Abraham ee u dhexeeyay Israa’iil iyo Imaaraadka Carabta iyo Baxrayn si ay caadi uga dhigaan xidhiidhkooda dibadda. [[File:President_Trump_%26_the_First_Lady%27s_Trip_to_Europe_(42547210635).jpg|thumb|Isagoo gacan qaadaya madaxweynaha [[Ruushka]] Vladimir Putin intii lagu jiray shirkii 2018 ee Helsinki , [[Finland]]]] Trump ayaa dagaal ganacsi la bilaabay Shiinaha 2018 ka dib markii uu ku soo rogay canshuuro iyo caqabado kale oo ganacsi oo uu sheegay in ay ku qasbi doonto Shiinaha in ay soo afjarto ku dhaqanka ganacsiga cadaalad darada ah ee mudada dheer soo jiray iyo ku xadgudubka hantida garaadka . Trump waxa uu wiiqay cunaqabatayntii ugu adkeyd ee uu Maraykanku soo rogay ka dib markii 2014 uu Ruushku la wareegay Crimea . Trump wuu ammaanay oo, sida ay sheegeen qaar ka mid ah dadka dhaleeceeyay, dhif ayuu u dhaleeceeyay madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin , inkasta oo uu ka soo horjeestay tallaabooyinka qaar ee dawladda Ruushka. Waxa uu Maraykanka ka saaray heshiiska dhex-dhexaadka ah ee ciidamada Nukliyeerka , isaga oo u cuskanaya in Ruushku aanu u hoggaansamin, oo uu taageeray suurtagalnimada in Ruushku ku soo laabto G7 . Iyada oo hubka Nukliyeerka ee Waqooyiga Kuuriya loo arkayay khatar halis ah, Trump wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Maraykan ah ee la kulma hoggaamiyaha Kuuriyada Waqooyi, oo la kulmay Kim Jong Un saddex jeer : Singapore bishii Juun 2018, Hanoi bishii Febraayo 2019, iyo Aagga Dillatari ee Kuuriya ee Juun 2019 ===Shaqaale=== Dhammaadkii sannadkii ugu horreeyay ee Trump xafiiska, 34 boqolkiiba shaqaalahiisa asalka ah waa ay iska casileen, shaqada laga eryay, ama waa la bedelay. Ilaa Luulyo 2018, 61 boqolkiiba kaaliyeyaashiisa sare ayaa ka tagay iyo shaqaalaha 141 ayaa ka tagay sannadkii hore. Labada tiroba waxay dhigayaan rikoodh madaxweynayaashii dhawaa. Kaaliyeyaasha gaarka ah ee u dhow Trump ayaa shaqada ka tagay ama lagu qasbay. Waxa uu si cad u bahdilay dhowr ka mid ah saraakiishiisii ​​ugu sarraysay. Trump wuxuu lahaa afar madax oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad , isaga oo fogeynaya ama riixaya dhowr. Bishii Maajo 2017, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay agaasimihii FBI James Comey , isagoo sheegay maalmo ka dib inuu ka walaacsan yahay doorka Comey ee baaritaannada Trump iyo Ruushka. Saddex ka mid ah 15-kii xubnood ee asalka ahaa ee Trump ayaa baxay ama lagu qasbay inay is casilaan sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay. Trump wuu ka gaabiyay inuu magacaabo saraakiisha heerka labaad ee waaxda fulinta, isagoo sheegay in jagooyin badan oo aan loo baahnayn. Bishii Oktoobar 2017, waxaa jiray boqollaal jagooyin hoosaadyo ah oo aan la magacaabin. Ilaa Janaayo 8, 2019, ee 706 jagooyin muhiim ah, 433 ayaa la buuxiyay mana uusan u magacaabin 264. ===Garsoorka=== Trump ayaa magacaabay 226 garsoore oo heer federaal ah , oo ay ku jiraan 54 ka mid ah maxkamadaha rafcaanka iyo saddex ka mid ah maxkamadda sare : Neil Gorsuch , Brett Kavanaugh , iyo Amy Coney Barrett . Magacaabistiisa Maxkamadda Sare waxay siyaasad ahaan u wareejisay Maxkamadda dhinaca midig. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ballan qaaday in Roe v. Wade la rogi doono "si toos ah" haddii isaga la doorto oo la siiyo fursad uu ku magacaabo laba ama saddex garsoorayaasha ka hortagga ilmo soo rididda. Ka dib waxa uu qaatay sumcad markii Roe uu afgembiyay Dobbs v. Jackson Ururka Caafimaadka Haweenka 2022; Dhammaan saddexdii xubnood ee uu soo magacaabay Maxkamadda Sare waxay ku codeeyeen aqlabiyadda. Trump wuxuu quudhsaday maxkamadaha iyo garsoorayaasha uu ku khilaafay, inta badan qaab shakhsiyeed, wuxuuna su'aal galiyay awoodda dastuuriga ah ee garsoorka. Weerradiisa uu ku qaaday maxkamadaha ayaa waxaa ka dhashay canaan ka timid goobjoogayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan garsoorayaal heer federaal ah oo fadhiyey, kuwaas oo ka walaacsanaa saamaynta hadalladiisu ku yeelan karaan madaxbannaanida garsoorka iyo kalsoonida shacabku ku qabaan garsoorka. ===Cudurka caalamiga ah covid-19=== [[File:White_House_Press_Briefing_(49666120807).jpg|thumb|Qabashada war-saxaafadeed COVID-19 ah oo lala yeelanayo xubnaha Aqalka Cad ee Hawl-galka Coronavirus March 15, 2020]] Trump ayaa markii hore iska dhaga tiray digniinaha caafimaadka bulshada iyo baaqyada ah in tallaabo laga qaado saraakiisha caafimaadka ee maamulkiisa. Trump wuxuu aasaasay Ciidanka Aqalka Cad ee Coronavirus bishii Janaayo 29. Bishii Maarso 27, wuxuu saxiixay sharciga CARES Act - $ 2.2 trillion biilka kicinta dhaqaalaha laba geesoodka ah - kicinta ugu weyn taariikhda Mareykanka. Ka dib toddobaadyo weeraro ah si ay uga fogaato jawaabtiisa gaabis ah, Trump wuxuu joojiyay maalgelinta Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka bishii Abriil. Bishii Abriil 2020, kooxaha ku xiran Jamhuuriga ayaa abaabulay mudaaharaadyo ka dhan ah qufulka oo looga soo horjeedo tallaabooyinka ay dowladaha gobolladu qaadayeen si ay ula dagaallamaan masiibada; Trump ayaa ku dhiirigeliyay mudaaharaadyada Twitter-ka , in kasta oo dawladaha la beegsaday aysan la kulmin tilmaamaha maamulkiisa ee dib u furitaanka. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u cadaadiyay hay'adaha caafimaadka federaalka inay qaadaan tallaabooyin uu doorbiday, sida oggolaanshaha daaweynta aan la xaqiijin. Bishii Oktoobar, Trump waxa la dhigay cusbitaalka Xarunta Caafimaadka Qaranka ee Walter Reed muddo saddex maalmood ah iyada oo uu jiro kiis daran oo ah COVID-19 ===Baaritaanada=== Ka dib markii uu la wareegay xafiiska, Trump wuxuu ahaa mawduuca kordhinta Waaxda Caddaaladda iyo kormeerka Kongareeska, iyada oo la baarayo ololihiisa doorashada, kala-guurka, iyo caleema saarka, tallaabooyinkii la qaaday intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa, ganacsigiisa gaarka ah , canshuuraha shakhsi ahaaneed, iyo aasaaska samafalka . Waxaa jiray toban baaritaan dembi oo federaal ah, siddeed gobol iyo baaritaanno maxalli ah, iyo laba iyo toban baaritaan oo kongareeska ah. Bishii Luulyo 2016, FBI waxay bilawday duufaanta Crossfire , baaritaan ku saabsan xiriirka suurtagalka ah ee ka dhexeeya Ruushka iyo ololaha Trump ee 2016. Kadib markii Trump uu shaqada ka eryay Comey bishii Maajo 2017, FBI-da ayaa furtay baaritaan labaad oo ku saabsan xiriirkii shakhsi ahaaneed iyo ganacsi ee Trump uu la yeeshay Ruushka . Bishii Janaayo 2017, saddex hay'adood oo sirdoon oo Mareykan ah ayaa si wadajir ah u sheegay "kalsooni sare" in Ruushku uu farageliyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump. Shaki badan xidhiidho ka dhexeeya saaxiibada Trump iyo saraakiisha Ruushka ayaa la ogaaday. Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Ruushka ee doorashada. Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah ayaa markii dambe loo wareejiyay baaritaanka qareenka gaarka ah ee Robert Mueller ; Baaritaanka ku saabsan xiriirka Trump iyo Ruushka waxaa soo afjaray ku xigeenka xeer ilaaliyaha guud Rod Rosenstein ka dib markii uu u sheegay FBI in Mueller uu sii wadi doono arrinta. Codsiga Rosenstein, baaritaanka Mueller wuxuu baaray arrimaha dambiyada "ee la xiriira faragelinta doorashada 2016 ee Ruushka". Mueller ayaa soo gudbiyay warbixintiisii ​​u dambaysay bishii March 2019. Warbixintu waxay ogaatay in Ruushku uu farageliyay 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump iyo in Trump iyo ololihiisii ​​ay soo dhaweeyeen oo ay dhiiri galiyeen dadaalka, laakiin caddaynta "ma aysan xaqiijin" in Ruushka ama xubnaha ololaha Trump ay abaabuleen. Trump waxa uu ku andacooday in warbixintaasi ay ka saartay isaga in kasta oo Mueller uu qoray in aanay taasi dhicin. Warbixintu waxay sidoo kale faahfaahisay carqaladaynta suurtagalka ah ee caddaaladda ee Trump, laakiin "ma aysan soo saarin gabagabada kama dambaysta ah" oo ka tagtay go'aanka lagu soo oogay sharciyada Congress-ka. Bishii Abriil 2019, Guddiga Kormeerka ee Aqalka ayaa soo saaray amar maxkamadeed oo ay ku raadinayaan faahfaahin maaliyadeed bangiyada Trump, Deutsche Bank iyo Capital One , iyo shirkaddiisa xisaabaadka, Mazars USA . Wuxuu dacweeyay bangiyada, Mazars, iyo guddoomiyaha guddiga Elijah Cummings si looga hortago in la shaaciyo. Bishii Maajo, laba garsoore ayaa xukuntay in Mazars iyo bangiyada labadaba ay tahay inay u hoggaansamaan amar-qaadista; . Qareennada Trump ayaa racfaan ka qaatay. Bishii Sebtembar 2022, Trump iyo guddiga ayaa ku heshiiyey heshiis ku saabsan Mazars, shirkadduna waxay bilowday inay wareejiso dukumentiyada. ===Eedaynta=== [[File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_(49498772251).jpg|thumb|Soo bandhigida cinwaanka "Trump waa la sii daayay" 2020]] Trump waxaa laba jeer xilka ka xayuubiyey aqalka Congress-ka, in kastoo aqalka senate-ka ay labada jeerba dambi ku soo oogeen. Xil ka qaadistii ugu horeysay ayaa ka dhalatay cabasho sir ah oo bishii Luulyo 2019 Trump ku cadaadiyay madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy inuu baadho Joe iyo Hunter Biden, isagoo isku dayaya inuu faa'iido ka helo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2020 . Bishii Disembar 2019, aqalku wuxuu u codeeyay in Trump lagu soo oogo ku takri fal awoodeed iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka , iyo Senatka ayaa dambi ku waayay Febraayo 2020. Xil ka qaadista labaad ayaa timid ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo ee Capitol, kaas oo aqalku uu Trump ku soo oogay in uu kiciyay kacdoon 13-kii Janaayo 2021. Trump ayaa xafiiska ka tagay 20-kii Janaayo, waxaana lagu sii daayay Febraayo 13. Todobo senate oo Jamhuuriya ayaa u codeeyay xukun. ===2020 doorashada madaxweynaha=== Trump wuxuu xareeyay inuu u tartamo dib-u-doorashada saacado yar uun ka dib markii uu noqday madaxweynaha 2017. Waxa uu qabtay isu soo baxkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee dib-u-doorashada wax ka yar bil ka dib markii uu xafiiska qabtay wuxuuna si rasmi ah u noqday musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga Agoosto 2020. Ololaha Trump wuxuu diiradda saaray dambiyada, isagoo ku andacoonaya in magaalooyinka ay hoos ugu dhici doonaan sharci-darro haddii Dimuqraadigu ku guuleysto doorashada. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u beeniyey boosaska Biden wuxuuna ka codsaday cunsuriyadda. Laga bilaabo horraantii 2020, Trump wuxuu abuuray shaki ku saabsan doorashada, isagoo ku andacoonaya caddayn la'aan in la musuqmaasuqi doono iyo in isticmaalka baahsan ee waraaqaha waraaqaha ay soo saari doonto khiyaamo doorasho oo ballaaran. Wuxuu xannibay maalgelinta Adeegga Boostada Mareykanka , isagoo sheegay inuu doonayo inuu ka hortago koror kasta oo ku yimaada codbixinta boostada. Wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu diiday inuu sheego inuu aqbali doono natiijada haddii laga guulaysto oo uu ballan qaado in si nabad ah xukunka loogu kala wareejiyo . ===Luminta Biden iyo diidmada natiijada=== Biden wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii November 2020, isagoo helay 81.3 milyan cod (51.3 boqolkiiba) Trump's 74.2 milyan (46.8 boqolkiiba ) iyo 306 codadka doorashada ee Trump 's 232 . subaxa ka dib doorashada. Maalmo ka dib, markii Biden la saadaaliyay in uu guulaysanayo, Trump waxa uu si aan sal iyo raad toona lahayn u eedeeyay musuqmaasuqa doorashada. Iyadoo qayb ka ah dadaalka lagu doonayo in lagu baabi'iyo natiijada , Trump iyo xulafadiisa ayaa gudbiyay dacwado badan oo ka dhan ah natiijooyinka , kuwaas oo ay diideen ugu yaraan 86 garsoore oo ka tirsan maxkamadaha gobolka iyo federaalka labadaba iyagoo aan lahayn wax xaqiiqo ah ama sharci ah. Eedeymaha Trump waxaa sidoo kale beeniyay saraakiisha doorashada ee gobolka, Maxkamadda Sare ayaa diiday in ay dhageysato kiis lagu codsanayo in la baabi'iyo natiijada afar gobol oo uu ku guuleystay Biden. Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u raadsaday caawimo si uu u rogo natiijooyinka, isaga oo shakhsi ahaan cadaadis saaraya Jamhuuriga maxalliga ah iyo kuwa haya xafiisyada gobolka, Sharci-dejiyaha Jamhuuriga, Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo Madaxweyne Ku-Xigeenka Pence, oo ku boorriyay ficillada sida beddelka cod-bixiyeyaasha madaxweynaha , ama in saraakiisha Georgia ay ku dhawaaqeen natiijada "dhammaan" Toddobaadyadii doorashada ka dib, Trump wuu ka baxay hawlihii guud. Waxa uu markii hore ka horjoogsaday saraakiisha dawladda in ay la shaqeeyaan Biden ee ku-meel-gaadhka madaxweynenimada . Saddex toddobaad ka dib, maamulaha Maamulka Adeegyada Guud wuxuu ku dhawaaqay Biden "guuleeyaha muuqda" ee doorashada, isaga oo u oggolaanaya bixinta agabka kala-guurka kooxdiisa. Inkastoo Trump uu sheegay in uu ku taliyay in GSA ay bilowdo hab-maamuuska kala-guurka, weli si rasmi ah uma uusan aqbalin. Trump kama uusan qeybgalin xafladdii Biden ee Janaayo 20. ===Janaayo 6-dii weerarkii Capitol=== Bishii Disembar 2020, waxaa soo baxay warbixino sheegaya in hoggaamiyeyaasha millatariga Mareykanka ay heegan sare ku jireen, saraakiisha darajo sarena ay ka wada hadleen waxa la sameeyo haddii Trump uu ku dhawaaqo sharciga dagaalka . Agaasimaha CIA Gina Haspel iyo General General Mark Milley , oo ah gudoomiyaha Taliyaasha Wadajirka ah ee Shaqaalaha , ayaa ka walaacsanaa in Trump uu isku dayo inqilaab ama tallaabo militari oo ka dhan ah Shiinaha ama Iran. Milley wuxuu ku adkaystay in lagala tashado amar kasta oo militari oo ka yimaada Trump, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka hubka nukliyeerka. [[File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_(50820534063)_(retouched).jpg|thumb|Dadweyne taageersan Trump intii uu weerarka socday]] Duhurnimadii Janaayo 6, 2021, iyadoo Congress-ka uu caddaynayay natiijada doorashada madaxtinimada ee Capitol US , Trump wuxuu ku qabtay isu soo bax ka dhacay Ellipse oo u dhow . Isagoo ka hadlayay gadaasha muraayad dhalo ah, wuxuu ku baaqay in doorashada la rogo wuxuuna ku booriyay taageerayaashiisa inay "la dagaalamaan sida cadaabta" oo "ay dib u soo ceshadaan waddankeena" iyagoo u socda Capitol. Taageerayaashiisa ayaa markaa sameeyay koox koox ah oo jebisay dhismaha , carqaladeeyay shahaadada waxayna sababtay daad-gureynta Congress-kaaIintii lagu guda jiray weerarka, Trump wuxuu ku dhajiyay baraha bulshada laakiin ma uusan weydiisan rabshado inay kala firdhiyaan. Qoraal uu soo dhigay bartiisa Twitter -ka 6-dii maqribnimo ayuu u sheegay in ay “Guryaha ku tagaan jacayl & nabad”, waxa uu ugu yeeray “wadani-weyn”, waxa uuna ku celiyay in uu ku guuleystay doorashada. Koongarasku mar dambe ayaa dib loo furay oo xaqiijiyay guushii Biden saacadihii hore ee Janaayo 7. In ka badan 140 booliis ah ayaa ku dhaawacmay, shan qofna way dhinteen intii uu socday ama ka dib weerarka. Dhacdadan ayaa lagu tilmaamay isku day afgambi oo uu sameeyay Trump. ==Inta u dhaxaysa madaxweynayaasha (2021-2025)== Markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ku noolaado Mar-a-Lago, isaga oo xafiis ka samaystay halkaas sida uu dhigayo sharciga madaxweynayaashii hore . Sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee sii socota ee ku saabsan doorashada 2020 waxaa caadi ahaan loogu yeeraa " beenta weyn " ee uu dhaleeceeyay, inkastoo May 2021, isaga iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa ay bilaabeen isticmaalka ereyga si ay u tixraacaan doorashada lafteeda. Xisbiga Jamhuurigu wuxuu u adeegsaday sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee ku saabsan doorashada si uu ugu caddeeyo soo rogida xannibaadaha codbixinta cusub ee ay ku jirto. Wuxuu sii waday inuu ku cadaadiyo sharci-dejiyeyaasha gobolka inay joojiyaan doorashada. Si ka duwan madaxweynayaashii hore ee kale, Trump wuxuu sii waday inuu xukumo xisbigiisa; profile 2022 ee New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay inuu yahay madaxa xisbiga casriga ah . Waxa uu sii waday lacag ururinta, isaga oo kor u qaaday xabad dagaal oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan laba jeer xisbiga Jamhuuriga, oo uu ka faa'iidaystay lacag ururinta musharaxiin badan oo Jamhuuri ah oo lagu qabtay Mar-a-Lago. Inta badan waxa uu diiradda saaray maamulka xisbiga iyo in uu xilal muhiim ah ka dhigo saraakiil isaga daacad u ah. Doorashadii xilliga dhexe ee 2022 , wuxuu taageeray in ka badan 200 oo musharraxiin ah oo u tartamaya xafiisyo kala duwan. Bishii Febraayo 2021, wuxuu diiwaangeliyay shirkad cusub, Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG), si ay u siiso "adeegyada isku xirka bulshada" macaamiisha Mareykanka. Bishii Maarso 2024, TMTG waxay ku biirtay shirkad soo iibsata ujeedo gaar ah oo Digital World Acquisition waxayna noqotay shirkad dadweyne . Bishii Febraayo 2022, TMTG waxay bilowday Truth Social , oo ah madal warbaahinta bulshada ah. ===Arrimaha sharciga=== Sannadkii 2019-kii, wariye E. Jean Carroll ayaa ku eedeeyay Trump inuu kufsaday 1990-meeyadii, wuxuuna ku dacweeyay sumcad-dil uu u geystay diidmadiisa. Carroll ayaa mar kale dacweeyay 2022 batari iyo sumcad dil dheeraad ah. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay xadgudub galmo iyo sumcad dil waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo $ 5 milyan hal kiis iyo $ 83.3 milyan kan kale. Maxkamadaha rafcaanka federaalku waxay taageereen natiijooyinkii iyo abaal-marintii Diseembar 2024 iyo Sebtembar 2025, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sannadkii 2022, New York waxay soo gudbisay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyada oo ku eedaysay inuu sare u qaaday qiimaha Ururka Trump si uu faa'iido uga helo bixiyeyaasha iyo bangiyada. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo ku dhawaad ​​$355 milyan oo lagu daray dulsaar. Bishii Agoosto 2025, maxkamadda rafcaanku waxay taageertay mas'uuliyadda Trump iyo ganaaxyada aan lacagta ahayn laakiin waxay meesha ka saartay ciqaabta lacageed oo xad dhaaf ah [[File:Classified_intelligence_material_found_during_search_of_Mar-a-Lago.jpg|thumb|Walax sirdoon oo sir ah ayaa la helay intii lagu jiray raadinta Mar-a-Lago]] Iyada oo la xidhiidha dadaalka Trump ee uu ku doonayo in uu ku joojiyo doorashada 2020 iyo ku lug lahaanshaha weerarkii January 6, December 2022 guddiga Aqalka Maraykanka ee weerarka ayaa soo jeediyay eedeymaha dambiyada ka dhanka ah isaga oo hor istaagay dacwad rasmi ah , shirqool lagu khiyaameeyay Maraykanka , iyo kicinta ama caawinta kacdoonka. Bishii Agoosto 2023, xeerbeegti weyn oo ku taal Fulton County, Georgia , ayaa ku soo oogtay 13 eedeymo, oo ay ku jiraan racketeering , dadaalkiisa uu ku doonayo inuu ku dumiyo doorashada 2020 ee gobolka. Bishii Janaayo 2022, Maamulka Kaydka iyo Diiwaanka Qaranka ayaa soo saaray 15 sanduuq oo dukumeenti ah oo Trump u qaaday Mar-a-Lago ka dib markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo qaarkood la sifeeyay. Baaritaankii Waaxda Caddaaladda ee xigay, mas'uuliyiintu waxay ka soo saareen dukumeentiyo sir ah oo badan oo qareenadiisa ah. Agoosto 8, 2022, wakiilada FBI waxay Mar-a-Lago ka baadheen dukumeenti si sharci darro ah loo haysto, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa jebinta sharciga basaasnimada , ururinta 11 dukumeenti qarsoodi ah, qaar sir sare leh. Xeer -beegti heer federaal ah oo uu sameeyay La-taliyaha Gaarka ah Jack Smith ayaa Trump ku soo oogay bishii Juun 2023 31 dacwadood oo ah "si ula kac ah u haynta macluumaadka difaaca qaranka" sida hoos timaada Xeerka Basaasnimada , iyo eedeymo kale. Trump wuu diiday dambiga. Bishii Luulyo 2024, garsoore Aileen Cannon ayaa meesha ka saaray kiiska , xukunka Smith magacaabistiisa xeer ilaaliye gaar ah wuxuu ahaa sharci darro. Bishii Maajo 2024, Trump waxaa lagu xukumay 34 dacwadood oo dembi ah oo ka been sheegay diiwaannada ganacsiga . Kiisku wuxuu ka yimid caddayn ah inuu ballansaday lacag-bixinnada lacagta-ka-soo-baxa ee Michael Cohen ee jilaa filimada qaangaarka ah ee Stormy Daniels sida kharashaadka ganacsiga si uu u daboolo eedeymihiisii ​​2006-2007 ee Daniels intii lagu jiray doorashadii 2016. Janaayo 10, 2025, xaakimku wuxuu siiyay Trump xukun ciqaab la'aan ah oo loo yaqaan siideyn shuruud la'aan ah, isagoo sheegay in shuruudaha ciqaabta ay faragelinayaan xasaanadda madaxweynaha. Ka dib markii dib loo doortay, kiiskii carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 iyo kiiskii dukumeentiyada qarsoodiga ahaa waa la eryay iyada oo aan la eedayn siyaasada Waaxda Cadaaladda ee ka dhanka ah dacwad qaadista madaxweynayaasha. ==2024 doorashada madaxweynaha== Bishii Noofambar 2022, Trump wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu u tartamayo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2024 wuxuuna abuuray akoon lacag ururin ah. Bishii Maarso 2023, ololuhu wuxuu bilaabay inuu u weeciyo boqolkiiba toban deeqaha hoggaankiisa PAC . Ololihiisu waxa uu bixiyay $100 milyan oo ku wajahan biilasha sharciga ah March 2024. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump wuxuu sameeyay hadallo rabshado wata oo isa soo taraya. Waxa uu sheegay in uu hubayn doono FBI-da iyo Waaxda Caddaaladda ee ka soo horjeeda siyaasaddiisa oo uu u adeegsado militariga si uu u beegsado siyaasiyiinta Dimuqraadiga ah iyo kuwa aan taageersanayn musharaxnimadiisa. Wuxuu adeegsaday hadallo ka daran oo bini'aadantinimada ka dhan ah intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa. Hadalkiisa, isaga oo ugu yeeraya mucaaradkiisa siyaasadeed "cadow", cayayaan, iyo faashiistaha, ayaa taariikhyahannada iyo aqoonyahannada qaarkood ku tilmaameen kalitalisnimo, faashiste oo ka duwan wax kasta oo musharax siyaasadeed uu waligiis ku sheegay taariikhda Mareykanka. Da'da iyo welwelka caafimaadka ayaa sidoo kale kacday intii lagu jiray ololaha, iyada oo dhowr khabiiro caafimaad ah ay muujinayaan kororka xamaasada, hadalka jilicsan iyo dabeecadda . Trump wuxuu xusay "doorasho la musuq-maasuqay" iyo "faragelin doorashada" ka hor iyo in ka badan intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016 iyo 2020 wuxuuna diiday inuu ballan qaado inuu aqbalo natiijada doorashada 2024. Falanqeeyayaasha New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay tan sida xoojinta "madaxyada aan ku guuleysto; dabo aad khiyaamayso" xeeladaha hadal; Wargeysku waxa uu sheegay in sheegashada doorashada lagu shubtay ay noqotay laf dhabarta ololaha. July 13, 2024, Trump ayaa dhegta lagu toogtay isku day dil oo ka dhacay isu soo bax olole oo ka dhacay magaalada Butler Township, Pennsylvania . Laba maalmood ka dib, Shirweynihii Qaranka ee Jamhuuriga ee 2024 ayaa u magacaabay musharaxa madaxweynenimo. Bishii Sebtembar, waa la bartilmaameedsaday laakiin waxba ma gaarin isku day dil oo Florida ka dhacay . Trump wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii Noofambar 2024 isagoo helay 312 codadka doorashada madaxweyne ku xigeenka Kamala Harris's 226. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku guuleystay codadka caanka ah 49.8% Harris' 48.3%. Guushiisa 2024 waxay qayb ka ahayd dib-u-dhac caalami ah oo ka dhan ah xisbiyada xilka haya, oo qayb weyn ka ah sicir bararka 2021-2023 . Dhowr xarumood ayaa ku tilmaamay dib u doorashadiisa soo laabasho aan caadi ahayn. ==Madaxweynaha labaad (2025- hadda)== [[File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_(2025)_(alternate).jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , waxaa maamula madaxa cadaalada John Roberts , Janaayo 20, 2025]] Trump wuxuu bilaabay markiisa labaad markii uu xilka qabtay Janaayo 20, 2025. Wuxuu noqday shaqsiga ugu da'da weyn ee qabta xilka madaxtinimo , madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee dambi culus lagu soo oogay, iyo qofkii labaad ee laba xilli oo aan isku xigta madaxweyne ka noqdo. Isku daygiisii ​​uu ku doonayay inuu ku balaadhiyo awoodda madaxweynaha iyo iska horimaadyada maxkamadaha ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay sifada qeexaysa xilligiisa labaad. ===Ficilada hore, 2025- hadda=== Markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, Trump waxa uu saxeexay amarro fulineed oo taxane ah . Qaar badan oo kuwan ka mid ah waxay tijaabiyeen awooddiisa sharci, waxayna soo saareen tallaabo sharci oo degdeg ah. Wuxuu soo saaray amaro fulineed ka badan maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne kasta. Afar maalmood oo ka mid ah xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad, falanqaynta uu sameeyay Time waxay ogaatay in ku dhawaad ​​​​saddex-meelood laba meelood ee ficilladiisa fulinta "muraayada ama qayb ahaan muraayadda" soo jeedinta Mashruuca 2025 . Toddobaadyadiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, dhowr ka mid ah ficilladiisa ayaa iska indhatiray ama ku xad-gudbay sharciyada federaalka, qawaaniinta, iyo Dastuurka sida ay qabaan culimada sharciga ee Mareykanka. Bishii ugu horreysay ee maamulkiisa, Trump wuxuu soo saaray sagaashan amar fulineed, qoraallo, iyo awaamiir. Waxa uu u adeegsaday dawladda si uu u beegsado dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda iyo ficilladiisa ka dhanka ah bulshada rayidka ah ayay khubarada sharciga iyo boqollaal saynisyahano siyaasadeed ku tilmaameen mid keli-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Awaamiirtiisa iyo ficilladiisa waxaa ka soo horjeestay in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo dalka oo dhan ah, iyada oo intooda badan ay weli u socdaan maxkamadaha July 2. ===Iskahorimaadyada xiisaha, 2025 - hadda=== Madaxtinimadii labaad ee Trump waxaa lagu tilmaamay in uu leeyahay ilaalin yar oo ka dhan ah iskahorimaadyada danaha marka loo eego kii ugu horreeyay, iyo jabinta tobannaan sano oo xeerarka anshaxa. Waxa uu sii waday shirkad si guud looga ganacsado oo ku taal Trump Media & Technology Group , wuxuuna u kala beddelay adeegyo maaliyadeed. Waxa uu daba galay heshiisyo cusub oo hanti ma guurto ah oo dibadda ah oo ay ku lug leeyihiin hay'ado dawladeed oo xidhiidh la leh, waxana uu lahaa dhawr shirkadood oo calaamadayn iyo shati bixin ah oo uu ku iibinayo badeecooyinka sumadda Trump. Waxa uu ka faa'iideystey xafladaha lagu qabto hoteeladiisa iyo koorsooyinkiisa golf-ka, hantidiisana ma gelin kalsooni indho-la'aan ah, sidii madaxweynayaashii hore ay yeeli jireen. Bishii Agoosto 2025, shaacinta qasabka ah ee Trump ee maalgashiga ayaa muujisay in, tan iyo markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, uu sameeyay 690 iibsasho curaarta degmada iyo saamiyada shirkadaha oo wadartoodu ay dhan tahay ugu yaraan $104 milyan. Waxaa ku jiray saamiyada shirkadaha ay saameeyeen isbeddelada uu ku sameeyay siyaasadaha federaalka. Trump waxa uu meesha ka saaray hab-raacii anshaxa ee maamulkii hore iyo fulinta sharciyada mamnuucaya laaluushka iyada oo aan la samayn hab-raacyo anshaxeed oo rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay dadka loo magacaabayo siyaasadda, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay la soo galeen maamulkiisa "liiska aan caadiga ahayn ee weyn ee isku dhacyada xiisaha leh". Waxa uu meesha ka saaray eedeymihii musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ahaa siyaasiyiintii xiriirka la lahaa isaga wuxuuna joojiyay dhaqangelinta sharciga mamnuucaya in shirkadaha ka shaqeeya Mareykanka ay laaluushaan dowlado shisheeye. Trump wuxuu bilaabay, dallacsiiyay, oo shakhsi ahaan uga faa'iidaystay laba calaamadood oo cryptocurrency ah ("qadaadiicda meme"), $ Trump iyo $ Melania. Waxa kale oo uu si toos ah uga faa'iidaystay qoyskiisa shirkadda cryptocurrency World Liberty Financial , taas oo ku hawlan isku-dhafka aan horay loo arag ee ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay iyo siyaasadda dawladda. Bishii Luulyo 2025, maamulka Trump wuxuu Qatar ka aqbalay $400 milyan diyaarad qaali ah si uu ugu adeego Air Force One ilaa dhamaadka xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad ka dibna loo wareejiyo maktabadiisa madaxtooyada. Dib u habeynta sida Air Force One ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay ku kacayso ilaa $1 bilyan. ===Joojinta guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka=== Trump wuxuu ka hirgaliyay shaqo joojinta guud ahaan dowladda federaalka wuxuuna amray in shaqada teleefoonka shaqaalaha federaalka lagu joojiyo 30 maalmood gudahood. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in dib u eegis lagu sameeyo jagooyin badan oo shaqaale rayid ah oo xirfadeed iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in dib loogu kala saaro boosaska la rabo iyada oo aan lahayn ilaalin shaqo. Waxa uu bilaabay joojinta shaqada guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka, oo ay ku tilmaameen khabiirada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag ama ku xad-gudbay sharciga federaalka, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo shaqaale si aad ah ula socda ajendihiisa. Dabayaaqadii Febraayo, maamulku waxa uu shaqada ka eryay in ka badan 30,000 oo qof. Si loo fududeeyo joojinta dheeraadka ah, waxay qaadatay tarjumaad sharci oo cusub oo si weyn u ballaarinaysa qaybaha iyo wakaaladaha loo arko inay haystaan ​​​​ammaanka qaranka shaqadooda aasaasiga ah, oo ku dhawaaqaya ururada shaqaalaha federaalka ee kala duwan "cadow". Amarka fulinta dabayaaqadii March ee ku salaysan tarjumaaddan ayaa ka saaray daraasiin waaxyo iyo wakaaladaha barnaamijyada xiriirka maamulka shaqada ee federaalka , taasoo ku kaliftay inay dacweeyaan si ay u buriyaan heshiisyadooda gorgortanka wadareed , kaas oo ka saari kara ilaalinta ururka hal milyan oo shaqaale federaal ah. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in la joojiyo kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) mashaariicda dawladda federaalka wuxuuna ku meeleeyay shaqaalaha xafiisyada DEI fasax. Waxa uu buriyay Amarka Fulinta ee Lyndon B. Johnson ee 1965 ee 11246 , kaas oo amrayay in qandaraaslayaasha federaalku ay qaadaan tallaabo cad oo lagu joojinayo takoorka jinsiyadeed. Waxtarka Trump iyo Elon Musk 's Department of Government waxay si weyn u burburiyeen dhowr hay'adood oo federaal ah oo ay ku jiraan USAID iyo Waaxda Waxbarashada , iyagoo keli ah shaqada ka eryay dhowr kun oo shaqaale ah, waxayna hoos u dhigtay hawlaha maamulka ilaa ugu yaraan sharci. Ficilada qaar, sida isku dayga lagu burburinayo Xafiiska Ilaalinta Maaliyadeed ee Macmiilka , waxaa hakiyay maxkamadaha federaalka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisu waxay isku dayeen inay keenaan hay'ado madax-bannaan oo taariikhi ah oo hoos yimaada laanta fulinta oo si toos ah u hoos timaada qaabab yar. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga, 2025- hadda=== Sida madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horeysay, Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u hareer maray Xafiiska Xeer Ilaaliyaha Cafiska . Waxa uu ku rakibay siyaasad daacad ah Ed Martin kaas oo ku tilmaamay sababta cafis loo bixiyo "Ma jiro MAGA ka tagay". Cafiskii Trump iyo deeqaha naxariista waxay door bideen xulafada siyaasadeed iyo kuwa daacadda u ah, oo si aan loo kala sooc lahayn loo cafiyay "kuwa xoogga badan, caanka ah, si fiican ugu xiran iyo maalqabeenada" ee lagu eedeeyay dambiyada cadaanka ah. Trump waxa uu cafis u fidiyay dhammaan 6-dii January rabshadihii lagu xukumay ama lagu soo oogay maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee xafiiska, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa si xun u weeraray booliiska, isaga oo cafiyay in ka badan 1,500 oo uu cafiyay xukunnada 14. ===Siyaasadda gudaha, 2025- hadda=== Trump wuxuu ka dhaxlay dhaqaale adkeysi leh maamulka Biden, kobaca dhaqaalaha, shaqo la'aanta yar, iyo sicir bararka hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu ku amray wakaaladaha in ay joojiyaan dhaqan gelinta xeerarka aan la jeclayn iyaga oo isku dayaya in si weyn loo xakameeyo taasoo khubarada sharcigu ay ku tilmaameen sharci-darro iyo lid ku ah tobanaan sano ee sharciga federaalka. Waxa uu raadiyay in dawladdu ay maamusho ganacsiyo gaar ah oo uu ka tago dhaqanka suuqa xorta ah ee muxaafidka ah , halkii uu doorbidi lahaa hanti-wadaaga dawladda isaga oo si toos ah u qaadanaya saamiga dawladda ee sinnaanta shirkadaha waaweyn ee Maraykanka. Trump wuxuu joojiyay oo joojiyay deeqihii federaalka wuxuuna sameeyay dhimis ballaaran oo cilmi baaris ah, kuwaas oo dhowr ka mid ah ay heleen garsoorayaasha iyo Xafiiska Xisaabtanka ee Dowladda inay yihiin sharci darro iyo dastuuri. Waxa uu kor u qaaday diidmada isbeddelka cimilada iyo macluumaadka khaldan, oo u magacaabay saliidda, gaasta, iyo kiimikooyinka u ololeeya EPA si ay u beddelaan xeerarka cimilada iyo xakamaynta wasakhowga. Trump wuxuu ku tiirsanaa ku dhawaaqida xaaladaha degdegga ah ee qaranka si uu u caddeeyo boqollaal ficil oo uu ka gudbo ansixinta kongareeska ama dib u eegista sharciga. Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo tamarta qaranka ah, taasoo u oggolaanaysa joojinta xeerarka deegaanka, dabcinta sharciyada soo saarista shidaalka iyo xaddididda mashaariicda tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo. Waxa uu bilaabay dib-u-eegis ku saabsan "sharciga iyo sii socoshada ku-dhaqanka" ee raadinta khatarta EPA , taas oo ah saldhigga ugu badan ee xeerarka federaalka ee gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo, oo mar kale ka baxay US Heshiiskii Paris ee isbedelka cimilada. Burburinta hay'adaha dawladda ee fulinaya sharciyada ka dhanka ah musuqmaasuqa siyaasadeed iyo khiyaanada cad, Trump wuxuu hoos u dhigay Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Waaxda Cadaaladda Dadweynaha 30 ilaa shan qareen, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay 17 kormeerayaal madax -bannaan oo ka tirsan hay'adaha dawladda iyo 12 xubnood oo ka tirsan hay'adaha kormeerka madax-bannaan ee 7 iyo kormeerayaasha Xafiiska FBI-da ee Washington oo baaray eedeymaha musuqmaasuqa iyo musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ah saraakiisha dowladda iyo xubnaha Congress-ka. Wuxuu cafiyay ama laalay eedeymaha ka dhanka ah saraakiisha lagu eedeeyay musuqmaasuq. Trump wuxuu u aaneeyay dhibaatooyinka bulshada kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) hindisayaasha iyo baraarugga . Isbarbardhigga kala duwanaanshaha iyo karti-darrada, wuxuu beddelay siyaasadihii kala-duwanaanshaha ee dawladda federaalka. Waxa uu damcay in uu dib ugu sameeyo bulshada rayidka ah dookhiisa amarka fulinta. On DEI iyo nacaybka nacaybka, wuxuu u hanjabay hay'adaha dhaqanka iyo lixdan jaamacadood, wuxuuna ku qasbay shirkadaha sharciga inay u hoggaansamaan ajandihiisa siyaasadeed. Trump ayaa balaariyay adeegsiga gudaha ee ciidamada wuxuuna amray in la geeyo magaalooyin dhowr ah oo xisbiga Dimuquraadiga uu hogaamiyo , wuxuuna ku hanjabay inuu sii balaarin doono howlgalladiisa. ===Siyaasadaha ka-hortagga LGBTQ+=== Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadii labaad, Trump wuxuu bilaabay olole dagaal oo ka dhan ah LGBTQ + iyo gaar ahaan siyaasadaha ka-hortagga jinsiga ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba, oo maamulkiisu u soo bandhigay sidii wax looga qaban lahaa " fikirka jinsiga ". Siyaasadahan waxay doonayeen inay baabi'iyaan aqoonsiga federaalka ee dadka transgender-ka ah, ka xayuubinta dadka transgender ilaalinta sharciga iyo in laga tirtiro aqoonsiga trans ee nolosha guud. Iyadoo loo marayo amarro fulineed oo isdaba-joog ah iyo ficilo kale, maamulkiisu wuxuu si adag u qeexay jinsiga si adag bayoolooji dhalashada, laga mamnuucay dadka ka soo jeeda milatariga, xaddidan ama la daboolay daryeelka caafimaadka jinsiga, oo ka soo horjeeda luqadda loo dhan yahay , cilmi-baaris iyo agab waxbarasho oo faafreeb ah, iyo bartilmaameedyada dugsiyada, jaamacadaha, iyo xarumaha fikradda. Tallaabooyin dheeri ah ayaa ka mamnuucay ciyaartooyda transgender-ka ciyaaraha, helitaanka baasaboor xaddidan, waxayna sii hurisay dadaallada caalamiga ah ee lagu wiiqayo xuquuqda trans. Waxaa weheliya hadallo muujinaya dadka ka beddelka jinsiga inay yihiin khatar bulsho, siyaasadahani waxay kiciyeen caqabado sharciyeed oo baahsan, cambaarayn ka timid kooxaha xuquuqul insaanka, iyo kor u kaca socdaalka iyo sheegashooyinka magangelyo ee ay qabaan dadka isku jinsiga ah ee Maraykanka ah ===Hal Xeer Bill Qurux Badan=== Bishii Luulyo 2025, Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Sharcigu waxa uu ka dhigay dhimista cashuurta cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada 2017 mid joogto ah waxana uu ku daray cashuur dhimis dheeraad ah oo dhan ku dhawaad ​​$4.5 trillion, inta badan ka faa’iidaysanaysa dakhliga ugu sarreeya oo dadka ku kaca dakhliga ugu hooseeya $1,600 sanadkii; kordhinta dhaqaalaha difaaca qaranka, masaafurinta, darbiga xuduudka, iyo gaashaanka gantaalaha; lagana saaray cashuurtii laga qaadi lahaa mashaariicda tamarta nadiifka ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo ilaha tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo sida dabaysha iyo tamarta cadceedda iyo kuwa iibsada baabuurta korontada. Sharcigu wuxuu jaray maalgelinta Medicaid iyo SNAP wuxuuna ku daray shuruudo shaqo oo dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay u-qalmitaanka iyo $35 lacag-bixineed ee adeegyada Medicaid qaarkood; dhimista iyo shuruudaha dheeraadka ah ayaa dhaqan galaya ka dib doorashada guud ee 2026. Sharciga waxaa saadaaliyay Xafiiska Miisaaniyadda Kongareeska inuu ku kordhiyo dhimista miisaaniyada $3.4 trillion marka la gaaro 2034, sababa 11.8 milyan oo qof inay lumiyaan caymiska Medicaid, iyo meesha laga saaro dheefaha SNAP ee seddex milyan oo qof. ===Socdaalka, 2025- hadda=== Maalmihiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump waxa uu ku amray ilaalada xuduudaha in ay si kooban u tarxiilaan soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee ka soo gudbaya xadka, isaga oo curyaamiyay barnaamijka CBP One ee loo isticmaalay in lagu jadwaleeyo xuduudaha. Waxa uu dib u bilaabay hadhaagii siyaasadda Mexico , waxa uu kooxaha daroogada u magacaabay kooxo argagixiso ah, waxana uu amray in dib loo bilaabo dhismaha darbiga xuduudka. Hawlgallada masaafurinta ayaa marka hore diiradda saaray "liiska bartilmaameedka" ee dambiilayaasha la sameeyay ka hor xilliga labaad ee Trump. Kadibna maamulkiisu wuxuu meesha ka saaray magangelyo codsadayaasha ku guul daraystay inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha, waxay laashay xaaladda sii-daynta sharafeed ee muhaajiriinta ku soo galay US iyadoo la raacayo CBP One iyo CHNV sii-daynta sharafeed bini'aadantinimo, waxay isku dayeen inay ka saaraan dhalashada dhalashada , waxayna hakiyeen Barnaamijka Ogolaanshaha Qaxootiga . Bishii Maarso, wuxuu u adeegsaday Xeerka Cadawga Shisheeyaha ee 1798 si uu u xidho muhaajiriinta sharci darrada ah maxkamad la'aan -mid ka mid ah "khalad maamul" iyo inta badan iyada oo aan lahayn diiwaannada dambiyada -Xarunta Xakamaynta Argagaxisada ee El Salvador. Wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha , muhaajiriinta sharciga ah, dalxiisayaasha, iyo ardayda fiisaha leh kuwaas oo muujiyay dhaleeceynta siyaasaddiisa ama u doodista Falastiiniyiinta. Dhowr muwaadiniin Maraykan ah ayaa la xidhay oo la tarxiilay . ===Siyaasadda Dibadda, 2025- hadda=== Muddadii labaad ee Trump siyaasaddiisa arrimaha dibadda waxaa siyaabo kala duwan loogu sifeeyay Imperialist , balaarin , go'doomiye , iyo autarkist , iyadoo adeegsanaysa fikradda " America First " oo ah asaaskeeda. Maamulkiisu wuxuu door biday awood adag si uu u gaaro yoolalka siyaasadda dibadda, wuxuuna burburiyay ama ka laabtay taageerada ururada gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee u heellan horumarinta awoodda jilicsan ee Maraykanka . Dhaqdhaqaaqyada ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay hoos u dhigayaan saamaynta Maraykanka ee caalamiga ah iyo abuurista bannaan ay buuxiyeen Ruushka iyo Shiinaha . Xidhiidhka Trump ee xulafada waxa uu ahaa macaamil ganacsi oo u dhexeeyay danayn la'aan ilaa cadaawad, oo ay ku jiraan hanjabaad ku darida. Bishii Febraayo 2025, Trump iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka Vance waxay ku dhaleeceeyeen madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy kulan muran badan dhaliyay oo telefishinka laga sii daayay. Warbaahinta ayaa ku tilmaantay iska hor imaad aan hore loo arag oo dhex maray madaxweyne Maraykan ah iyo madax ajnabi ah . Trump iyo maamulkiisa imaan doona ayaa gacan ka geystay dhexdhexaadinta xabbad joojinta dagaalka Gaza oo ay weheliyaan maamulka Biden, oo la dhaqan galiyay maalin ka hor caleema saarkiisa. Bishii Maarso, Israa'iil waxay jebisay xabbad-joojintii . Siyaasadaha dhaqaalaha ee Trump ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo ilaalinaya , iyadoo Trump uu ku soo rogay canshuuraha dalalka intooda badan, oo ay ku jiraan canshuuraha waaweyn ee la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga ee Shiinaha, Canada, iyo Mexico. Wuxuu bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo caalami ah , isagoo ku soo rogay canshuuro heerkii ugu sarreeyay tan iyo 1930kii Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act ee bilawga diiqada weyn . Dhaqaale-yahannadu waxay ku doodeen in maamulku uu si khaldan u fahmay xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhimista ganacsiga iyo canshuuraha, iyaga oo isticmaalaya fikrado khaldan. Narendra Modi ayaa ka falceliyay 50 boqolkiiba tacriifta Trump ee soo dejinta Hindiya isaga oo sii xoojinaya xiriirka Shiinaha. Wuxuu hakiyay tabarucaadkii dhaqaale ee Maraykanku siin jiray Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka . ===Garsoorka, 2025 – hadda=== Garsoorayaasha federaalku waxay u arkeen qaar badan oo ka mid ah falalka maamulka inay yihiin sharci-darro. Ka dib dib-u-dhac xagga sharciga ah, Trump wuxuu kordhiyey dhaleeceynta garsoorka wuxuuna ku baaqay in la soo oogo garsoorayaasha federaalka ee isaga ka soo horjeeday. Wuxu u hanjabay, saxeexay tallaabooyinka fulinta, waxaanu amray in baadhitaan lagu sameeyo dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda, dhaleecaynta, iyo ururrada la safan Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga. Bartamihii Luulyo, falanqaynta Washington Post waxay ogaatay inuu ka soo horjeestay garsoorayaasha iyo maxkamadaha qiyaastii saddex meelood meel dhammaan kiisaska isaga ka dhanka ah, falalka ay ku tilmaameen khubarada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag maamul kasta oo madaxweyne ah. ( 654 ) Diidmada amarada maxkamada iyo sheegashadiisa xaq u lahaanshaha maxkamadaha waxay cabsi galisay khubarada sharciga qalalaasaha dastuuriga ah . Falanqaynta badan oo ay sameeyeen aqoonyahanno akadeemiyadeed iyo The New York Times waxay ogaadeen in labada garsoore ee Jamhuuriga iyo Dimuqraadigu ay heleen cillado badan oo dastuuri ah iyo qaanuuneed oo leh siyaasadaha maamulka Trump. Maamulkiisu wuxuu caddeeyey xuquuq dastuuri ah oo ah inuu iska indhatiro sharciga federaalka isagoo sabab uga dhigaya dhowr tallaabo sida diidmadiisa inuu dhaqan geliyo mamnuucista federaalka ee TikTok , iyada oo khubarada sharciga ay ku tilmaameen inay tahay "awood dastuuri ah oo lagu tallaalayo dhinacyada gaarka ah inay ku kacaan falal kale oo sharci darro ah iyada oo aan la ciqaabin". Waxa kale oo uu ku hawlanaa beegsiga aan hore loo arag ee shirkadaha sharciga iyo qareennada oo hore u matalay jagooyin lid ku ah naftiisa. ==Dhaqan siyaasadeed iyo hadal-hayn== Laga soo bilaabo ololihiisii ​​2016, siyaasadda Trump iyo hadal-hayntiisa ayaa horseeday abuuritaanka dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo loo yaqaan Trumpism. Mawqifkiisa siyaasadeed waa populist ,oo si gaar ah loogu tilmaamay populist garabka midig . Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inuu aqbalay xag-jirnimada midigta-fog , wuxuuna ka caawiyay inuu keeno fikradaha iyo ururrada midigta fog ee guud ahaan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisa iyo hadalladiisa ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Trump waxa uu ku riixay balaadhinta awoodda madaxweynanimada iyada oo la raacayo tafsiir maxalli ah oo ku saabsan aragtida fulinta midaysan . Saldhiggiisa siyaasadeed waxa la barbar dhigay cibaadaysi shakhsiyeed . Hadalka Trump iyo ficilkiisa ayaa lagu eedeeyay in uu abuuray oo uu uga sii daray cadhada iyo kalsooni darada iyada oo la adeegsanayo sheeko "annaga" iyo "iyaga" . Wuxuu si cad oo joogto ah u dhaleeceeyaa jinsiyadda, diinta, iyo qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay, iyo culimadu waxay si joogto ah u ogaadaan in nacaybka jinsiyadeed ee ku saabsan madowga, soogalootiga, iyo Muslimiinta ay yihiin saadaalinta ugu fiican ee taageerada Trump. Hadaladiisa waxa lagu tilmaamay in uu isticmaalay cabsi-cabsi iyo maangaabnimo taas oo sii xoogaysatay ololihiisii ​​madaxtinimada ee 2024 . Wuxuu sheegay inuu rumaysan yahay in awoodda dhabta ahi ay ka timaad cabsi. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Alt-right ayaa isku duubay oo taageeray musharaxnimadiisa, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay qayb ka mid ah diidmada dhaqamada kala duwan iyo socdaalka . Waxa uu leeyahay rafcaan xooggan oo loogu talagalay codbixiyayaasha Masiixiyiinta ah ee wacdiya iyo waddaniyiinta Masiixiyiinta ah , iyo dibad-baxyadiisa waxay qaataan calaamadaha, odhaahda, iyo ajandaha waddaniyadda Masiixiyiinta. Trump waxa uu sidoo kale u adeegsaday shuuci ka soo horjeeda hadaladiisa, isaga oo si joogta ah ugu yeeraya kuwa ka soo horjeeda " Communists " iyo " Marxists ===Aragtida jinsiyadeed iyo jinsiga=== Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinka iyo ficillada Trump ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsurinimo. Ra'yi ururin qaran oo 2018 ah, qiyaastii kala badh ka mid ah jawaab bixiyaasha ayaa sheegay inuu yahay cunsuri; in badan oo ka mid ah waxay aaminsanaayeen in uu ku dhiirraday cunsuriyiinta. Dhowr daraasadood iyo sahanno ayaa lagu ogaaday in dabeecadaha cunsuriyadu ay kiciyeen siyaasadiisa siyaasadeed oo ay aad uga muhiimsan yihiin arrimaha dhaqaalaha ee lagu go'aaminayo daacadnimada codbixiyayaasha Trump. Dabeecadaha cunsuriyiinta iyo Islaam nacaybka ayaa ah tilmaamo xooggan oo muujinaya taageerada Trump. Waxaa lagu eedeeyay cunsurinimo isagoo ku adkeystay koox ka kooban shan dhalinyaro madow iyo Latino ah inay kufsadeen haweeney caddaan ah kiiska 1989 Central Park jogger , xitaa ka dib markii laga saaray 2002. Sannadkii 2011-kii, Trump waxa uu noqday hoggaamiyihii hormoodka u ahaa fikradda shirqoolka cunsuriga ah ee "dhalasho" ee ah in Barack Obama, madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee madow ee Mareykanka, uusan ku dhalan Mareykanka. Waxa uu ku andacooday in uu ku cadaadiyay dawladda in ay daabacdo warqadda dhalashada Obama, taas oo uu u arkay in ay tahay khiyaano. Waxa uu qiray in Obama uu ku dhashay Maraykanka bishii Sebtembar 2016, inkasta oo la sheegay in uu si gaar ah u muujiyay aragtida dhalashada ee 2017. Intii lagu jiray ololihii doorashada 2024, wuxuu sameeyay weeraro been abuur ah oo ka dhan ah aqoonsiga jinsiyadeed ee ka soo horjeeda, Kamala Harris, kaas oo lagu tilmaamay inay xasuusinayaan fikradda shirqoolka dhalashada. Ololihiisii ​​2024 waxa uu si weyn u adeegsaday luqadda bini'aadantinimada ka-hortagga ah iyo fikradaha jinsiyadeed . Sannadkii 2025, wuxuu kor u qaaday sheegashooyinka beenta ah ee xasuuqa cadaanka ah ee Koonfur Afrika wuxuuna abuuray barnaamijka qaxootiga ee Koonfur Afrika . Trump ayaa caado u ah inuu dumarka xaqiro marka uu la hadlayo warbaahinta iyo baraha bulshada. Wuxuu sameeyay faallooyin xunxun, wuxuu naqdiyay muuqaalka dumarka, wuxuuna u tixraacay iyaga oo isticmaalaya ereyo sharaf leh. Laga bilaabo 2020, 26 dumar ah ayaa si fagaare ah ugu eedeeyay anshax-xumo galmo , oo ay ku jiraan kufsi, dhunkasho ogolaansho la'aan, xoqid, fiirinta goonnada haweenka hoostooda, iyo ku lugaynta tartamayaasha qaan-gaarka ee qaawan. Eedeymahaas wuu diiday. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, 2005 " murafoon kulul " ayaa soo baxay isaga oo ku faanaya dhunkashada iyo dhunkashada haweenka iyaga oo aan raalli ka ahayn, isaga oo leh, "Markaad xiddig tahay, waxay kuu oggolaadaan inaad sameyso. Wax kasta waad sameyn kartaa ... Ku qabo feerka . " Waxa uu faallooyinka ku tilmaamay "hadal-qol-badel". Dhacdadan oo si baahsan u soo bandhigtay warbaahinta ayaa keentay raaligelintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee dadweynaha, oo la duubay intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxweynaha 2016. ===Isku xirka rabshadaha iyo dembiyada nacaybka=== Trump ayaa loo aqoonsaday in uu fure u yahay kordhinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee Mareykanka, isaga oo ka dhan ah iyo mid ka dhan ah. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu ku qanacsan yahay xagjirnimada, aragtiyaha shirqoolka sida Q-Anon , iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada xagjirka ah ee midigta fog ilaa xad ka weyn madaxweyne kasta oo Maraykan ah oo casri ah, iyo ku lug lahaanshaha argagixisannimada stochastic . Cilmi-baaristu waxay soo jeedinaysaa in hadalka Trump uu la xiriiro kororka dhacdooyinka dembiyada nacaybka, iyo in uu leeyahay saameyn xoog leh oo ku saabsan muujinta dabeecadaha nacaybka ah sababtoo ah sida caadiga ah ee ereyada jinsiyadeed ee cad. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2016, wuxuu ku booriyay ama ammaanay weerarrada jireed ee ka dhanka ah dibad-baxayaasha ama wariyeyaasha. Eedeysaneyaal badan oo lagu baaray ama lagu soo oogay falal rabshado wata iyo dambiyada nacaybka ayaa soo xigtay hadalladiisa isagoo ku doodaya inaysan ahayn dambiile ama ay tahay inay helaan dabacsanaan. Dib u eegis dalka oo dhan ay samaysay ABC News bishii Maajo 2020 ayaa lagu aqoonsaday ugu yaraan 54 kiis oo danbi ah, laga bilaabo Agoosto 2015 ilaa Abriil 2020, kaas oo loogu yeedhay xidhiidh toos ah oo rabshado ama hanjabaado rabshado ah oo inta badan ay geystaan ​​ragga cadaanka ah iyo ugu horrayn ka dhanka ah dadka laga tirada badan yahay. Diidmada Trump ee ah in uu cambaareeyo kooxda cadaanka ah ee Proud Boys intii lagu jiray dooddii madaxweynenimada ee 2020 iyo faallooyinkiisii, "Wiilasha sharafta leh, istaaga oo garab istaaga", ayaa la sheegay in ay keentay in la kordhiyo shaqaaleysiinta kooxda Trump. Cilmi-baarayaasha la-dagaalanka argagixisanimada ayaa ku tilmaamay taariikhdiisa caadiga ah iyo dib-u-eegistiisa ee Janaayo 6 weerarkii Capitol, iyo bixinta naxariista dhammaan Janaayo 6 rabshad-wadayaasha , sida dhiirigelinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee mustaqbalka. ===Aragtiyo shirqool=== Tan iyo ka hor madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu kor u qaaday fikrado badan oo shirqool ah, oo ay ku jiraan Obama "dhalashada", diidmada isbedelka cimilada , iyo faragelinta Ukraine ee lagu eedeeyay doorashadii Mareykanka . Kadib doorashadii madaxweynaha ee 2020, wuxuu kor u qaaday fikradaha shirqoolka ee guuldaradiisa kuwaas oo lagu sifeeyay " beenta weyn ===Hadalo been ah ama marin habaabin ah=== [[File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png|thumb|Xaqiiq-baarayaasha ka socda Washington Ku dhaji , Toronto Star , iyo CNN waxay soo ururiyeen xog ku saabsan "dacwooyin been ah ama marin-habaabin ah" (asalka orange) iyo "sheegashada beenta ah" (violet foreground).]] Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u sheegaa hadalo been abuur ah oo uu ku jiro hadalo fagaare ah, ilaa xad aan horay loo arag siyaasada Mareykanka . Beentiisu waa qayb gaar ah oo ka mid ah aqoonsigiisa siyaasadeed waxaana lagu tilmaamay inay tahay dab-damis . Hadaladiisa beenta ah iyo marin habaabinta ah waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin-hubi , oo ay ku jiraan The Washington Post , kaas oo 30,573 been abuur ah ama been abuur ah oo uu sameeyay intii lagu jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horreeyay, oo sii kordhaya waqti ka dib. Qaar ka mid ah been-abuurka Trump waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan faa'iido lahayn, halka kuwa kalena ay lahaayeen saameyn aad u fog, sida dhiirrigelintiisa aan la hubin ee dawooyinka ka hortagga duumada sida daaweynta COVID-19, taasoo keentay yaraanta Maraykanka ee daawooyinkan iyo iibsashada argagaxa ee Afrika iyo Koonfurta Aasiya. Macluumaad kale oo khaldan, sida si khaldan loogu sheegay kororka dambiyada England iyo Wales "fidinta argagixisada xagjirka ah", waxay u adeegtay ujeedooyinkiisa siyaasadeed ee gudaha. Weeraradiisa waraaqaha waraaqaha boostada iyo dhaqamada kale ee doorashada ayaa wiiqay kalsoonida dadweynaha ee hufnaanta doorashada madaxweynaha 2020, halka xog-warrankiisa ku saabsan masiibada uu dib u dhigay oo uu wiiqay jawaabta qaranka ee ku wajahan. Caadiyan kama cudur daarato beentiisa. Ilaa 2018, warbaahintu marar dhif ah ayay beentiisa ugu yeertay been, oo ay ku jirto markii uu ku celceliyay hadallo been abuur ah. ===Baraha bulshada=== Joogitaanka baraha bulshada ee Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha caalamka kadib markii uu ku biiray Twitter-ka sanadkii 2009. Waxa uu si isdaba joog ah u soo dhigayay ololihiisii ​​2016-kii iyo intii uu madaxweyne ahaa ilaa Twitter-ka uu mamnuucay ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo. Wuxuu inta badan isticmaali jiray Twitter si uu si toos ah ula xiriiro dadweynaha oo uu u leexiyo saxaafadda; ee 2017, xoghayntiisa saxaafadda ayaa sheegay in tweets- kiisa uu ka kooban yahay bayaannada rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2024 iyo madaxweynanimada labaad wuxuu si joogta ah u dhajiyay waxyaabo AI-soo saaray naftiisa sida astaanta dhaqanka pop-ka ama muhaajiriinta ku jeesjeesa. Ka dib sanado badan oo dhaleecayn ah oo loogu ogolaaday Trump in uu ku dhejiyo macluumaad khaldan iyo been abuur, Twitter ayaa bilaabay in uu ku dhejiyo qaar ka mid ah tweetskiisa hubinta xaqiiqda May 2020. Isagoo ka jawaabaya, wuxuu sheegay in shabakadaha warbaahinta bulshada "gebi ahaanba aamusin" muxaafidka oo uu "si adag u xakameyn doono, ama xidhi doono". Kadib weerarkii Janaayo 6, waxaa laga mamnuucay Facebook , Instagram , Twitter, iyo aalado kale. Luminta joogitaankiisa warbaahinta bulshada ayaa hoos u dhigtay awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu qaabeeyo dhacdooyinka oo la xidhiidha hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid mugga macluumaadka khaldan ee Twitter. Bishii Feebaraayo 2022, waxa uu bilaabay bar-kulanka bulshada ee Truth Social halkaas oo uu ku soo jiitay qayb ka mid ah Twitterkiisa. Elon Musk , ka dib markii uu helay Twitter , wuxuu dib u soo celiyay akoonkiisa Twitter bishii Noofambar 2022. Mamnuucidda labada sano ee Meta Platforms ayaa dhacay Janaayo 2023, taas oo u ogolaatay inuu ku laabto Facebook iyo Instagram. ===Xiriirka saxaafadda=== [[File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg|thumb|Isagoo saxaafadda la hadlaya, March 2017]] Trump waxa uu raadiyay dareenka warbaahinta intii uu ku jiray xirfadiisa, isaga oo ilaalinaya xidhiidhka "jacaylka iyo nacaybka" ee uu la leeyahay saxaafadda. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ka faa'iideystey qaddarka rikoorka ah ee warbaahinta xorta ah, oo lagu qiyaasay $ 2 bilyan. Musharrax ahaan iyo madaxweyne ahaan, wuxuu si joogta ah ugu eedeeyay saxaafadda eexda, isaga oo ku tilmaamay "warbaahinta wararka been abuurka ah" iyo " cadowga dadka ". Madaxtinimadii ugu horreysay ee Trump ayaa hoos u dhigtay war-bixinnada rasmiga ah ee saxaafadda ee boqolkii 2017 ilaa kala badh taas 2018 iyo laba 2019; waxa ay sidoo kale kala noqdeen sharcigii saxaafadeed ee laba wariye oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo ay maxkamaduhu dib u soo celiyeen. Trump's 2020 ol'olihii madaxtinimo wuxuu dacweeyay New York Times , Washington Post , iyo CNN ka dib markii uu aflagaadeeyay qaybo ra'yi ah oo ku saabsan mawqifkiisa faragelinta doorashada Ruushka. Dhammaan dacwadihii waa la diiday. Sannadkii 2024, Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u muujiyay taageerada uu ku mamnuucayo diidmada siyaasadeed iyo dhaleeceynta, wuxuuna sheegay in weriyeyaasha waa in lagu dacweeyaa si aanay u sheegin ilo qarsoodi ah iyo shirkadaha warbaahintu waa inay suurtogal tahay inay lumiyaan shatiyadooda baahinta wararka aan fiicnayn ee isaga. Markii dib loo doortay, Trump wuxuu bilaabay dacwooyin wuxuuna abuuray liis madow oo ka dhan ah warbaahinta qaar, wuxuuna la wareegay nidaamka ay wadaan ururka saxafiyiinta Aqalka Cad si uu u doorto xarumaha ay galaangal u leeyihiin. Halkii loo hoggaansami lahaa amarka maxkamadda ee lagu soo celin lahaa gelitaanka Associated Press , Aqalka Cad wuxuu sameeyay siyaasad xaddidan oo la heli karo dhammaan adeegyada siligga. Guddiga Isgaarsiinta Federaalka ayaa bilaabay baaritaanno lagu sameeyo xarumaha warbaahinta ee lagu eedeeyay eex isaga ka dhan ah. Natiijadii hanjabaadda Trump, madaxda warbaahinta waxay ku amreen saxafiyiinta iyo shaqaalahooda inay is-faafreebaan oo ay yareeyaan dhaleeceynta Trump, iyo CBS waxay isku raaceen inay abuuraan Ombudsman si ay ula socdaan kanaalada wararka si ay xididdada ugu siibaan "eex" CBS News. Bishii Luulyo 2025, wuxuu dacweeyay wargeyska Wall Street Journal daabacaadda sheeko la xiriirta saaxiibtinimadiisii ​​hore ee dembiilaha galmada ee Jeffrey Epstein , taasoo calaamad u ah markii ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne fadhiya uu dacweeyo urur warbaahineed eedeymo sumcad dil ah. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== ===Qoyska=== 1977, Trump wuxuu guursaday Ivana Zelníčková . Waxay lahaayeen saddex carruur ah: Donald Jr. (b. 1977), Ivanka (b. 1981), iyo Eric (b. 1984). Lammaanaha ayaa is furay 1990-kii, ka dib markii uu xiriir la yeeshay moodelka iyo atariishada Marla Maples . Isaga iyo Maples waxay guursadeen 1993 waxayna is fureen 1999. Waxay leeyihiin hal gabadh, Tiffany (b. 1993), oo Maples ku kortay California. Sannadkii 2005, wuxuu guursaday moodelka Slovenia Melania Knauss . Waxay leeyihiin hal wiil, Barron (b. 2006). ===Xiriirka Jeffrey Epstein=== Trump waxa uu saaxiibtimo 15 sano ah la lahaa Jeffrey Epstein ; Dadkii markaas yaqaannay waxay sheegeen inay si joogta ah u garaaci jireen oo ay u tartami jireen dumarka. Dareenka warbaahinta iyo cadaadiska dadweynaha ayaa kordhay 2025, markii maamulkiisu uusan sii dayn faylasha la xidhiidha Epstein , inkastoo Trump uu ballanqaaday inuu sidaas samaynayo intii lagu jiray ololaha 2024. ===Caafimaadka=== Trump waxa uu sheegay in aanu waligii cabbin khamri, sigaar cabin, ama aanu isticmaalin daroogo. Wuxuu seexdaa qiyaastii afar ama shan saacadood habeenkii. Waxa uu golfing ugu yeedhay "qaabka jimicsiga aasaasiga ah", laakiin inta badan ma socdo koorsada. Wuxuu u arkaa jimicsigu inuu yahay tamar tamar sababtoo ah wuxuu aaminsan yahay in jirku yahay "sida batteriga oo kale, oo leh qadar xaddidan oo tamar ah", kaas oo lagu dhammeeyo jimicsiga. Sannadkii 2015, ololahiisu wuxuu sii daayay warqad ka timid dhakhtarkiisii ​​gaarka ahaa ee Harold Bornstein , isagoo sheegay inuu " noqon doono shakhsiga ugu caafimaadka badan ee abid loo doorto madaxweynaha". Sannadkii 2018, Bornstein wuxuu sheegay in Trump uu amar ku bixiyay nuxurka warqadda iyo in saddex ka mid ah wakiillada Trump ay qabsadeen diiwaankiisa caafimaad bishii Febraayo 2017 ee xafiiska Bornstein. ===Diinta=== Trump wuxuu sheegay 2016 inuu ahaa Presbyterian iyo Protestant . Sannadkii 2020, wuxuu sheegay inuu yahay Masiixi aan diin-nabi ahayn . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar badan ayaa su'aal ka keenay qoto dheeraanta xiriirka diimeed. Baadhitaan la sameeyay intii lagu guda jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee Trump (2017-2021) ayaa muujisay in boqolkiiba 63 dadka Maraykanku aanay rumaysnayn in uu diin yahay, inkasta oo uu aaminsan yahay in uu Masiixi yahay, boqolkiiba 44 oo keliya dadka Maraykanka ah ayaa aaminsan in Trump uu yahay Masiixi. Qaar ka mid ah faallooyinka Trump ee Kitaabka Qudduuska ah ama dhaqanka Masiixiga ayaa horseeday in dadka indha indheeya ay soo jeediyaan in aqoonta uu u leeyahay Masiixiyadda ay tahay mid maqaar-saar ah ama khalad ah, qaar yar oo taariikh-nololeed ah ayaa ku tilmaamay Trump mid qoto dheer ama xitaa diineed. Waqtigiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu u magacaabay wadaadkiisa gaarka ah iyo lataliyaha ruuxiga ah, milyaneer teleefaanjiste Paula White-Cain , Xafiiska Xiriirka Dadweynaha ee Aqalka Cad . Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad, wuxuu u magacaabay lataliyeheeda sare Xafiiska cusub ee rumaysadka ee Aqalka Cad . ==Qiimaynta== ===Sawirka dadweynaha=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee Trump, laga bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2020, qiimeynta oggolaanshaha caalamiga ah ee hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos uga dhacday 22 boqolkiiba ra'yi ururin Gallup ee 134 waddan ilaa 16 boqolkiiba - oo ka hooseeya Shiinaha Xi Jinping iyo Vladimir Putin ee Ruushka - ee Pew Research ra'yi ee 13 waddan. Sannadka 2017, qiyaasta hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos u dhacday inta badan xulafada. Gudaha, xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu lahaa taageerada ugu weyn ee xisbiyada: 88 boqolkiiba Jamhuuriga iyo 7 boqolkiiba Dimuqraadiyiinta. Codbixintii Gallup ee 2021, wuxuu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan waligii gaadhin 50 boqolkiiba oggolaanshaha, wuxuuna ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aan la magacaabin ee loogu riyaaqay sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska. Muddadii labaad ee rubuciisii ​​​​hore sida uu qabo Gallup, oggolaanshaha Trump wuxuu ahaa 45 boqolkiiba - xoogaa ka wanaagsan xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, oo aad uga hooseeya celceliska boqolkiiba 60 ee madaxweynayaasha kale. Taageeradu waxa ay ahaan jirtay mid aan kala fogayn; Waxa uu helay oggolaanshaha boqolkiiba 90 ee Jamhuuriga, 37 boqolkiiba madax-bannaanida, iyo boqolkiiba 4 ee Dimuqraadiyiinta. Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad wuxuu sidoo kale arkay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid ra'yiga dadweynaha caalamiga ah ee Maraykanka ===Qiimaynta cilmiga=== Ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee Trump, taariikhyahanadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen Trump inuu yahay madaxweynihii afraad ee ugu xumaa sahanka C-SPAN ee 2021 ee taariikhyahannada madaxtooyada. Waxa uu ku qiimeeyay kuwa ugu hooseeya qaybaha sifooyinka hogaaminta ee awooda akhlaaqda iyo xirfadaha maamulka. Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Siena College 's 2022 sahanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay kan saddexaad. Waxa uu ku jiray kaalmaha ugu hooseeya dhammaan qaybaha marka laga reebo nasiibka, rabitaanka khatarta, iyo hoggaanka xisbiga, waxaanu ka galay kaalinta ugu dambeeya dhowr qaybood. 2018 iyo 2024, xubno ka tirsan Ururka Sayniska Siyaasadda Mareykanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay madaxweynaha ugu xun. ==Xusuusin== a:Bilowgii markii Trump uu saddex sano jirsaday, aabbihii waxa uu siin jiray mid kasta oo carruurtiisa ka mid ah $6,000 sannadkii, lacagta ugu badan ee la oggol yahay iyada oo aan la gelin cashuur hadiyadeed. Si looga fogaado cashuuraha, Fred waxa uu ka dhigay mulkiilayaal laba ka mid ah dhismooyinkiisa guri, isaga oo bixinaya midkiiba $13,928 kirada sannad kasta b:Later , 2015, wuxuu ugu hanjabay dugsigiisa sare, kulliyadaha, iyo Guddiga Kulliyadda tallaabo sharci ah haddii ay sii daayaan diiwaankiisa waxbarasho. C:UPenn's 1968 barnaamijka bilawga ah wuxuu ku taxayaa Trump inuu helay shahaadada koowaad ee Sayniska ee Dhaqaalaha oo aan ahayn qaataha Sharafta Tacliinta d:Kadib Trump waxa uu ku dayan doonaa Peale's Awooda Fikirka Toosan ee Farshaxanka Heshiiska e:Doorashada madaxweynahaee Maraykanka waxaa go'aamiya kulliyadda doorashada Gobol kastaa wuxuu magacaabayaa tiro codbixiyeyaal ah oo la mid ah matalaadda Congress-ka iyo (gobollada intooda badan) dhammaan cod-bixiyayaashu waxay u codeeyaan cidda ku guulaysata codbixinta caanka ah ee gobolkooda. f:Madaxweyne Jamhuuri ah oo ay weheliyaan Jamhuuriga gacanta ku haysa labada gole ee Congress-ka g:CBS kama helin wax diiwaan ah oo dambi ah 75% dadka Venezuela ee la xiray. h: 2025, Pew Research waxay ogaatay dad ku nool dalal badan (12 ka mid ah 20 iyo 4 xiriir) waxay u arkeen Shiinaha inuu yahay dhaqaalaha ugu horreeya adduunka. ==Tixraac== [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html "Michael Cohen ayaa sheegay in Trump uu u sheegay in uu ugu hanjabay iskuulada in aysan sii deynin darajooyinka"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/politics/donald-trump-roy-cohn.html "Muxuu Donald Trump Ka Bartay Ninka Gacanta Midig Ee Joseph McCarthy] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo Kharashka Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka: Addenda et Corrigenda] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo sida Burburiyaha Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka] [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/donald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship "Sidee Donald Trump iyo Roy Cohn's arxan la'aanta Symbiosis u beddeshay Ameerika"] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/jun/21/hillary-clinton/yep-donald-trumps-companies-have-declared-bankrupt/ "Haa, shirkadaha Donald Trump waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay kiciyeen...in ka badan afar jeer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html "Trump waxa uu ku hawlanaa qorshayaal cashuureed oo laga shakisan yahay isaga oo ka guranaya maalkii Aabihiis"] [https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel "Taariikhda dabaylaha ah ee mashruucii ugu horeeyey ee hantida maguurtada ah ee Manhattan ee Donald Trump"] {{Wayback|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel |date=20211009191253 }} [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father "Sheekada beenta ah ee Trump wuxuu ku dhisay boqortooyadiisa 'amaah yar' oo uu ka helay aabihiis"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html "Trump, New Yorker inta nool, wuxuu naftiisa ku dhawaaqay inuu yahay degane Florida"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html "Trump's Plaza Hotel Planruptcy Plan waa la ansixiyay"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html "Trump waxa uu ka iibinayaa Hotel Plaza maalgashadayaasha Sucuudiga iyo Aasiya"] [https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-irs-audit-chicago-hotel-taxes "Hanti-dhawrka IRS ee Trump wuxuu ku kacayaa kharash ka badan 100 milyan oo doolar" Madaxweynihii hore] [https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ "Xaqiiqda ku saabsan kor u kaca iyo dhicitaanka Donald Trump ee Boqortooyada Atlantic City"] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ "Markii Afraad ee Soojiidashada: Sida Donald Trump Uga Sameeyey Fasaxa Isaga] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html "Wax kasta oo ku dhacay qoorta Trump? Way dhammaatay. Sidoo kale waa inta badan boqortooyadii ganacsiga ee Trump"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Toban sano oo Casaanka ah: Tirooyinka Canshuurta ee Trump ayaa muujinaya in ka badan $ 1 bilyan oo khasaare ganacsi ah"] [https://cnn.com/2016/08/22/politics/donald-trump-activist-investor/ "Xilligii Gordon Gekko: Donald Trump ee faa'iidada iyo wakhtiga muranka badan ee maal-galiye firfircoon"] [https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think "Waa maxay sababta uu Donald Trump u leeyahay xiddiga caanka ah ee caanka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee? Ma aha sababta aad u maleyneyso "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-donald-trump-retooled-his-charity-to-spend-other-peoples-money/2016/09/10/da8cce64-75df-11e6-8149-b8d05321db62_story.html "Sida Donald Trump uu dib ugu habeeyey hay'addiisa samafalka si uu u isticmaalo lacagta dadka kale"] [https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/18/media/vince-mcmahon-donald-trump-payments/index.html "Baaritaanno lagu sameeyay lacag-bixinnada xannibaadda ee Vince McMahon ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay soo saareen deeqaha samafalka ee Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html "Trump Foundation waxay amartay inay joojiso lacag ururinta xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee NY"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest "Donald Trump si uu u kala diro aasaaskiisa samafalka ka dib markii ay sii kordhayaan cabashooyinka"] [https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 "Madaxweyne Donald Trump waxa uu amray in uu bixiyo $2M si loo ururiyo hay'adaha aan macaash doonka ahayn taas oo qayb ka ah dacwadda madaniga ah"] [https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12 "Taariikhda dheer ee Trump ee Deutsche Bank waxay hadda noqon kartaa xarunta baaritaanka Robert Mueller"] [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christophermassie/theres-hours-of-audio-of-donald-trumps-nationally-syndicated "Waxaa jira saacado maqal ah oo ah Bandhigga Raadiyaha Qaranka ee Donald Trump's Syndicated 2000-meeyadii"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ "Sida warbaahinta muxaafidka ahi ula wareegayso xisbiga Jamhuuriga"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/02/04/trump-resigns-screen-actors-guild/ "Iyadoo uu wajahayo cayrinta, Trump wuxuu iska casilayaa xubinnimada jilayaasha shaashadda: 'Waxba iima aadan sameynin'] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ "Bush wuxuu yidhi Trump wuxuu ahaa Dimuqraadi in ka badan Jamhuuriga" tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay'] [https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/donald-trump-was-once-a-registered-democrat-and-party-donor-why-did-he-jump-ship/wj85mj5yq "Donald Trump mar wuxuu ahaa deeq bixiye dimuqraadi ah iyo xisbi, haddaba muxuu markabka u booday?"] [https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/ "Donald Trump wuxuu u tartamay madaxweyne sannadkii 2000 dhowr xisbi oo dib u habayn ah] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race "Donald Trump wuxuu ku guuldarreystay inuu ka baxo tartanka doorashada madaxtinimada Mareykanka ee 2012"] [https://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489476187/trump-s-second-amendment-comment-fit-a-pattern-of-ambiguous-speech "Khudbada muranka badan dhalisay ee Donald Trump inta badan way socotaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/ "Su'aalaha Trump wuxuu u baahan yahay NATO, wuxuu qeexayaa siyaasadda dibadda ee aan dhexdhexaad ahayn"] [https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ "Donald Trump wuxuu jebiyey taariikhda dhow isagoo aan soo celin canshuur celinta"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Donald Trump Waxa Uu Qiray In Aanu Bixin Cashuuraha Dakhliga Dowladda Dhexe Muddo Sanado Ah"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html "Tiro taariikhi ah oo codbixiyeyaal ah ayaa xumaaday, waxaana intooda badan loo malaynayaa inay u codeeyaan Clinton"] [https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ "Guusha Trump tusaale kale oo ku saabsan sida Kuliyada Doorashada ay u guuleysato ayaa ka weyn codadka dadweynaha"] [https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience "Donald Trump wuxuu noqon doonaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee Maraykanka ee aan lahayn khibrad siyaasadeed iyo mid milatari"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html "Dacwad ku saabsan xadgudubyada Emoluments Trump waxay kasbatay soo jiidashada maxkamadda"] [https://cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/emoluments-supreme-court-donald-trump-case/ "Maxkamadda sare waxay meesha ka saartay kiisas ka dhan ah Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-donation-salary-white-house/2021/07/29/07723234-efd9-11eb-bf80-e3877d9c5f06_story.html "Trump ma raacay ballan qaadkiisii ​​ahaa in uu ku deeqayo 6-dii bilood ee ugu dambeysay mushaarkiisa madaxtinimo? Waa wax qarsoon"] [https://www.citizensforethics.org/reports-investigations/crew-reports/trump-likely-benefited-from-13-6-million-in-payments-from-foreign-governments-during-his-presidency "Trump waxay u badan tahay inuu ka faa'iidey $13.6 milyan oo ay bixiyeen dowlado shisheeye intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/08/trump-jobs-record/ "Trump wuxuu lahaan doonaa rikoodhkii ugu xumaa ee shaqooyinka taariikhda casriga ah ee Maraykanka. Kaliya maaha masiibada"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html "Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka 2017-kii inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Moscow ee doorashada Mareykanka"] [https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ "Xidhiidh badan oo badan, badan, badan, xiriir badan ayuu Donald Trump la leeyahay Ruushka"] {{Wayback|url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |date=20170228022233 }} [https://www.9news.com.au/world/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-investigation-started-with-alexander-downer-interview/16121e23-bdfc-4f32-9822-e4a7f841e3e4 "Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah: Baadhitaanka Trump ee Ruushka ayaa ka bilaabmay waraysiga Alexander Downer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/us/politics/trump-russia-justice-department.html "Xafiiska Cadaaladda. Weligaa si buuxda uma baarin xiriirka Trump ee Ruushka, saraakiishii hore ayaa yiri "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/30/trump-briefly-acknowledges-that-russia-aided-his-election-falsely-says-he-didnt-help-effort/ "Trump wuxuu si kooban u qirayaa in Ruushku gacan ka geystay doorashadiisa - wuxuuna si been abuur ah u sheegay inuusan gacan ka geysan dadaalka"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/328637/last-trump-job-approval-average-record-low.aspx "Oggolaanshaha shaqada ee Trump ee u dambeeyay 34%; Celceliska waa Rikoor-hoosee 41%"] [https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ "Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee la doortay ee Maraykanka oo aan loo magacaabin ninka loogu jecel yahay Maraykanka sannadkiisii ​​ugu horeeyay"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/655955/trump-inaugural-approval-rating-historically-low-again.aspx "Qiimaynta Ansixinta Daahfurka ee Trump waa mid taariikhiyan mar kale hooseysa"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/11/opinion-of-us-has-worsened-in-countries-around-world-in-last-year-survey-shows "Fikirka Mareykanka ayaa ka sii daray dalalka adduunka sannadkii hore, sahan ayaa muujinaya"] [https://www.c-span.org/presidentsurvey2021/ "Sahaminta Taariikhyahanada Madaxweynaha 2021"b] [https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/trump-cspan-president-ranking-497184 "Trump wuxuu ku soo baxay kaalinta 41-aad ee qiimeynta madaxtinimo ee C-SPAN"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/06/30/presidential-rankings-2021-cspan-historians/ "Taariikhyahanadu waxay kaliya doorteen madaxweynayaasha. Trump ma ahayn kii ugu dambeeyay"] [https://scri.siena.edu/2022/06/22/american-presidents-greatest-and-worst/ "Madaxweynayaasha Mareykanka: kan ugu weyn uguna xun"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/19/opinion/how-does-trump-stack-up-against-the-best-and-worst-presidents.html "Fikirka: Sidee buu Trump uga soo horjeedaa kuwa ugu fiican - iyo kan ugu xun - madaxweynayaasha?"] [https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1232447088/historians-presidents-survey-trump-last-biden-14th "Sahanka maalinta madaxweynayaasha taariikhyahanada, Biden vs. Trump maaha wicitaan dhow"]{{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] szelputti654v75813hfhrglbl30k8t 299715 299714 2026-06-27T09:14:49Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Cudurka caalamiga ah covid-19 */ Fixed grammar 299715 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald John Trump''' (wuxuu dhashay [[Juun]] [[14]], 1946) waa siyaasi [[Mareykan]] ah, shaqsi warbaahin ah, iyo ganacsade ah madaxweynaha 47-aad ee Mareykanka . Xubin ka tirsan Xisbiga Jamhuuriga , wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynihii [[45]]-aad ee [[2017]] ilaa 2021. {{Infobox officeholder | image = Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. THIS IS the new official portrait. See the talk page. --> | alt = Sawirka rasmiga ah ee Madaxweynaha 2025, Donald Trump, oo ah nin caddaan ah oo da’ ah, timo huruud khafiif ah leh, xirta surwaal iyo jaakad buluug ah oo leh surwaal laabta ah, taagan hortiisa calanka Maraykanka. | caption = Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2025. | order = 45aad & 47aad <!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] Waxay lahayd isfaham daciif ah oo lagu sii hayo xaaladda hadda jirta (ma jiro xiriir/ilaha lagu tixraaco).--> | office = Madaxweynaha Maraykanka | vicepresident = [[JD Vance]] | term_start = January 20, 2025 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Joe Biden]] | successor = | vicepresident1 = [[Mike Pence]] | term_start1 = January 20, 2017 | term_end1 = January 20, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Barack Obama]] | successor1 = Joe Biden | birth_name = Donald John Trump | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}} | birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]], U.S. | death_place = | party = [[Xisbiga Jamhuuriga (Mareykanka)|Jamhuuriyaan]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–Hadda) | otherparty = {{ubl | [[Xisbiga Dib-u-habaynta ee Mareykanka|Dib-u-habayn]] (1999–2001) | [[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga (Mareykanka)|Dimuqraadiga]] (2001–2009) | [[Siyaasi madax banaan|Madax banaan]] (2011–2012)}} | spouse = {{ubl | {{marriage|[[Ivana Trump|Ivana Zelníčková]]|1977|1990|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|1993|1999|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]]|2005}} }} | children = {{hlist | [[Donald Trump Jr. |Donald Jr.]] | [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] | [[Eric Trump|Eric]] | [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] | Barron }} | parents = {{ubl | [[Fred Trump]] | [[Mary Anne MacLeod]]}} | relatives = [[Qoyska Trump]] | education = [[Jaamacadda Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Shahaadada Sayniska|BS]]) | occupation = {{hlist | Siyaasi | Ganacsade | Shaqsiga warbaahinta }} | residence = [[Aqalka Cad]] | awards = | signature = Donald Trump (Presidential signature).svg | signature_alt = Saxeexa Donald J. Trump oo qaab farshaxan leh, lagu qoray khad. | website = {{ubl | {{URL|donaldjtrump.com|Campaign website}} | {{URL|trumplibrary.gov|Presidential library}} | {{URL|whitehouse.gov|White House website}} | {{URL|trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov|White House archives}} }} | module = {{Listen voice | filename = Donald Trump speaks on declaration of Covid-19 as a Global Pandemic by the World Health Organization.ogg | description = Trump oo ka hadlay bayaanka [[Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka|Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka]] [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 oo ah cudur faafa caalami ah]] | recorded = Maarso 11, 2020 }} }} Waxa uu ka dhashay qoys qani ah oo ku nool magaalada New York, Trump waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay jaamacadda Pennsylvania [[1968]]-dii isaga oo shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaatay cilmiga dhaqaalaha. Waxa uu noqday madaxweynaha ganacsiga hantida ma-guurtada ah ee qoyskiisa 1971-kii, waxa uu u bixiyay ururka Trump , waxa uuna bilaabay in uu helo oo dhiso dhismayaal dhaadheer, hoteello, casinos, iyo koorsooyin golf. Waxa uu bilaabay ganacsiyo dhinac ah, qaar badan oo shati siinaya magaca Trump, waxana uu xareeyay lix shil oo ganacsi 1990-meeyadii iyo 2000-meeyadii. Laga soo bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2015, wuxuu martigeliyay bandhigga telefishanka dhabta ah ee Tababbarka , isagoo xoojiyay caannimadiisa bilyaneer. Isaga oo isu soo bandhigaya siyaasad dibadda ka ah, Trump ayaa ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016-kii oo uu kula tartamay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary klinton . Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu soo rogay xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah toddobo waddan oo Muslimiin u badan, wuxuu ballaariyay darbiga xuduudka Mexico iyo Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaqan geliyey siyaasadda kala fogeynta qoyska ee xadka. Waxa uu dib u rogay xeerarkii deegaanka iyo ganacsiga, waxa uu saxeexay cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada , waxaanu magacaabay saddex garsoore oo Maxkamadda Sare ah. Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, Trump wuxuu ka saaray Mareykanka heshiisyada cimilada, ganacsiga iyo barnaamijka Nukliyeerka Iran, wuxuuna bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo uu la galo Shiinaha . Isaga oo ka jawaabaya masiibada COVID-19 laga soo bilaabo 2020, wuxuu hoos u dhigay darnaantiisa, wuxuu khilaafay saraakiisha caafimaadka, wuxuuna saxiixay Sharciga CARES . Ka dib markii uu lumiyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2020 ee Joe Biden , Trump wuxuu isku dayay inuu baabi'iyo natiijada , isagoo ku dhamaaday weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol 2021. Waxaa lagu riday 2019 ku takrifal awood iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka, iyo 2021 kicin kicin; guurtidu way ku wayday labada jeerba. 2023, Trump waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay kiisaska madaniga ah ee xadgudubka galmada ( Faylasha Epstein )iyo sumcad-dilista iyo khiyaanada ganacsiga . Waxaa lagu helay dambi ah inuu ka been abuuray diiwaannada ganacsiga 2024, taasoo ka dhigtay inuu noqdo madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Mareykan ah oo lagu helo dambi. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2024 ee Kamala Harris , waxaa lagu xukumay siidayn ciqaab la'aan ah , iyo laba eedeymo dambiile ah oo ka dhan ah haynta dukumentiyada sirta ah iyo carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 ayaa la eryay iyada oo aan eex lahayn. Kiis rafaad ah oo la xidhiidha doorashada 2020 ee Joorjiya waa la sugayaa. Trump wuxuu bilaabay madaxweynanimadiisii ​​labaad isagoo bilaabay shaqo ka cayrin ballaaran oo lagu sameeyay shaqaalaha federaalka . Wuxuu ku soo rogay canshuuraha ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan wadamada heerka ugu sarreeya tan iyo diiqada weyn wuxuuna saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Tallaabooyinka maamulkiisa - oo ay ku jiraan cabsi gelinta mucaaradka siyaasadeed iyo bulshada rayidka ah , masaafurinta soogalootiga, beegsiga dadka jinsiga ah, iyo isticmaalka ballaaran ee amarada fulinta - waxay soo saareen in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo ka soo horjeeda sharcinimadooda . Kiisaska caanka ah waxay hoosta ka xariiqeen tafsiirkiisa ballaadhan ee aragtida fulinta ee midaysan waxayna keentay khilaaf weyn oo lala galo maxkamadaha federaalka. Garsoorayaasha ayaa wax badan oo ka mid ah maamulkiisa ku tilmaamay kuwo sharci darro ah, waxaana dhowr jeer lagu tilmaamay kuwo aan sharciga waafaqsanayn. Laga soo bilaabo 2015, qaabka hoggaamineed ee Trump iyo ajandihiisa siyaasadeed - oo inta badan loo yaqaan Trumpism - ayaa wax ka beddelay aqoonsiga xisbiga Jamhuuriga. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinkiisa iyo ficilladiisa ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsuri ama caqli-xumo, wuxuuna sameeyay hadallo been abuur ah ama marin-habaabin ah wuxuuna kor u qaaday aragtiyaha shirqoolka heer aan horay looga baran siyaasadda Mareykanka. Tallaabooyinka Trump, gaar ahaan markiisa labaad, ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay ahaayeen kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geystay dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ka dib, aqoonyahanno iyo taariikhyahannadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen inuu yahay mid ka mid ah madaxweynayaashii ugu xumaa taariikhda Mareykanka Eedayno badana Waxa Loogu Soo jeediyay Dagaalkii Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan Iyo Difaaciisi Israa'iil iyo Carabta Bariga dhexe . ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== [[File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg|thumb|Akadeemiyada Militariga ee New York , 1964]] Donald John Trump waxa uu ku dhashay June 14, 1946, waxa uu ku dhashay cisbitaalka Jamaica ee ku yaala degmada New York ee degmada Queens , waana ilmihii afraad ee Fred Trump iyo Mary Anne MacLeod Trump . Waa Jarmal iyo Iskotish. Wuxuu ku koray walaalihiis ka weyn, Maryanne , Fred Jr. , iyo Elizabeth, iyo walaalkiis ka yar, Robert , oo ku yaal guri 23-qol ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Jamaica Estates ee Queens. Fred Trump wuxuu caruurtiisa siin jiray midkiiba $20,000 sanadkii, una dhiganta $265,000 sanadkii 2024. Trump wuxuu ahaa milyaneer doolarka sicir-bararka lagu hagaajiyay markuu siddeed jir ahaa. Trump wuxuu dhiganayay dugsiga gaarka loo leeyahay ee Kew-Forest ilaa fasalka toddobaad. Wuxuu ahaa ilmo dhib badan, wuxuuna muujiyay xiisaha hore ee ganacsiga aabihiis. Aabihii waxa uu ka diwaan galiyay New York Military Academy , dugsi boodhin ah oo gaar loo leeyahay, si uu u dhamaysto dugsiga sare. Akadeemiyadda ayaa ku riixday ardayda ciyaaraha isboortiga. waxayna bareen muhiimada guusha. Dugsigii sare, darajooyinkiisu way fiicnaadeen ilaa celceliska B. Trump wuxuu tixgeliyey xirfad ganacsi oo muujinaya, laakiin halkii, si uu ugu dhawaado guriga, wuxuu iska diiwaan geliyay Jaamacadda Fordham 1964. Waxa uu ka qaybqaatay barnaamijka Tababarka Saraakiisha Kaydka ah intii lagu jiray sannadkiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, isagoo dhiganayay fasallo ku labisan dharka ciidamada Arbacada kasta, laakiin wuxuu tuuray sannadkiisii ​​labaad. Wuxuu tuuray kubbadda cagta seddex ama afar usbuuc ka dib wuxuuna ahaa kubbadda cagta dhexdhexaad ah iyo ciyaartoy tennis ah. Asxaabtiisa Fordham waxay ku bareen golf. Sannadkiisii ​​yaraa, wuxuu u wareegay Dugsiga Wharton ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania , inta badan wuxuu u safri jiray xafiiska aabbihiis maalmaha fasaxa ah, wuxuuna ka qalin jabiyay Maajo 1968 oo uu ka qaatay shahaadada Sayniska ee dhaqaalaha. Kulliyadda ma ahayn ardaygii ugu sarreeyay ee uu mararka qaarkood sheegan jiray. Waqtigii uu aaday Wharton-halkaas oo uusan ka muuqan liiska kuwa hela abaalmarinta - wuxuu isha ku hayay xirfad ku taal hantida maguurtada ah. Waxa laga reebay qabyo-qoraalka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Vietnam sababtoo ah sheegashada lafaha cidhibtiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee shan sano oo uu ku jiray dugsiga milatariga, wax dan ah uma lahayn inuu dagaal galo. Koritaanka, wuxuu tixgeliyey aabbihiis iyo wadaadka qoyska, Norman Vincent Peale , inuu noqdo lataliyeyaashiisa. Aabihiis wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu yahay "boqor" iyo inuu yahay "dilaaye". Peale wuxuu ku wacdiyey isku kalsoonida sida dhiirigelinta barwaaqada. ==Xirfad ganacsi== ===Hanti ma guurto ah=== Laga bilaabo 1968, Trump waxa uu ka shaqaaleysiiyay Maareynta Trump, shirkadda aabbihiis ee hantida maguurtada ah, taas oo maamusha dhismayaasha dabaqyada dhexe ee Fred uu ka dhisay Queens , Staten Island , iyo Brooklyn . Hawlihiisa ugu muhiimsan waxay ahaayeen ururinta kirada iyo hagaajinta ilaa shan sano. Isagoo soo jiidasho leh iyo qaninimadiisa, Trump wuxuu ka codsaday aabihiis inuu ku ballaariyo Manhattan halkaas oo qiimihiisu sarreeyo, laakiin aabihiis ayaa ku qanacsanaa xaafadaha dibadda. 1971, wuxuu u guuray Manhattan halkaas oo uu qorsheeyay inuu u guuro ganacsiga wuxuuna u socdaalay xafiiska aabihiis. Sannadkaas, aabihiis wuxuu naftiisa ka dhigay guddoomiye iyo madaxweyne Trump, isaga oo kormeeraya 48 shirkadood oo gaar ah iyo 15 iskaashiga qoyska. Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ururka Trump u isticmaalo dalad ahaan magacyada shirkadaha ganacsi ee aabihiis. Roy Cohn , saamaynta hore ee Trump ee ugu muhiimsan aabihiis ka dib, wuxuu ahaa hagaajintiisa , qareenka, iyo lataliye. sannadihii 13 ee 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii. Cohn wuxuu baray Trump inuu u maleeyo in noloshu tahay macaamil ganacsi. 1973, Cohn wuxuu ka caawiyay Trump inuu ka soo horjeesto dawladda Mareykanka $ 100 milyan (oo u dhiganta $ 708 milyan 2024. eedeymaha ah in guryaha Trump ay takooreen codsadeyaasha madow iyo kireystayaasha. Eedihii Trump waa la laalay, waxaana kiiskii dawladda lagu dhameeyey Trumps oo saxeexay amar oggolaansho oo oggolaaday in meesha laga saaro. Afar sano ka dib, Trumps ayaa mar kale wajahay maxkamadaha markii lagu helay inay diidaan wareegtada. Caawinta mashaariicda Trump, Cohn wuxuu ahaa consigliere kaas oo isku xirka Mafia ay gacanta ku hayaan ururrada dhismaha. Sannadkii 1979-kii, Cohn wuxuu Trump u soo bandhigay la-taliyaha siyaasadda Roger Stone , kaasoo qoray adeegyada Stone si uu ula macaamilo dowladda federaalka. Trump waxa uu ka guuray istuudiyaha isaga oo u guuray guri guri leh oo aragti ah waxa uuna helay shatiga dilaalnimada guryaha bartamihii 1970-meeyadii. Kahor da'da soddon sano, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaankiisa dacwadda, iyada oo aan loo eegin natiijada iyo kharashka; xitaa markii laga badiyay, wuxuu kiiska ku tilmaamay guul. In ka badan soddon sano laga soo bilaabo 2018, Trump wuxuu ku lug lahaa in ka badan 4,000 oo dacwado ah, deymo, iyo faylalyo kale, oo inta badan loo xareeyay lacag la'aan isaga oo ka soo horjeeda shaqaalaha, qandaraaslayaasha, dilaaliinta guryaha, iyo qareenadiisa. Intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009 , Trump wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix ka mid ah ganacsigiisa: Plaza Hotel ee Manhattan, casinos ee Atlantic City, New Jersey , iyo Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts company. Sannadkii 1992, Trump, walaalihiis Maryanne, Elizabeth, iyo Robert, iyo ina-adeerkiis John W. Walter waxay samaysteen All County Building Supply & Maintenance Corp, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay 20 boqolkiiba. Shirkaddu ma lahayn xafiisyo waxaana lagu eedeeyay inay ahayd shirkad qolof ah oo bixisa bixinta adeegyada iyo saadka guryaha kiraynta Trump, ka dibna biilasha adeegyadaas iyo sahayda Maamulka Trump u dhigma 20-50 boqolkiiba iyo ka badan. Milkiilayaasha ayaa wadaagay dakhliga ka soo xarooday calaamaduhu. Kharashka la kordhiyey waxa loo isticmaalay in lagu helo ogolaanshaha gobolka ee kordhinta kirada unugyadiisa kirada-degan. Bishii Janaayo 1994, walaalaha waxay samaysteen Apartment Management Associates waxayna la wareegeen khidmadaha maaraynta ee ay hore u qaadi jirtay Maamulka Trump. Sidoo kale sicir-bararka kirada, qorshayaasha ayaa u adeegay in lagu wareejiyo hantida Fred Trump caruurtiisa iyo adeerka oo hoos loo dhigo culeyska canshuurta. ===Manhattan iyo Chicago horumarka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_with_model_of_Television_City.jpg|thumb|1985-kii oo wata moodal ka mid ah mashruuciisii ​​horumarinta Manhattan ee la soo riday ]] Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha dadweynaha 1978-dii markii uu bilaabay qoyskisa ganacsigii ugu horreeyay ee Manhattan: dib u cusboonaysiinta hudheelka Commodore ee burburay , oo ku dheggan Grand Central Terminal. Maalgelinta waxa fududeeyey $400 milyan oo cashuur dhimis ah oo hantida magaalada ah oo uu u habeeyey isaga oo uu aabbihiis u habeeyey kaas oo sidoo kale, si wada jir ah ula Hyatt , u dammaanad qaaday $70 milyan amaah dhismaha bangiga ah. Hudheelka ayaa dib loo furay 1980-kii isagoo ah Grand Hyatt Hotel , isla sanadkaas, wuxuu helay xuquuq uu ku horumarinayo Trump Tower , oo ah dhismo isku dhafan oo ku yaal Midtown Manhattan. Dhismuhu wuxuu ku yaalaa xarunta dhexe ee Trump Corporation iyo Trump's PAC wuxuuna ahaa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ilaa 2019. 1988, Trump wuxuu ku iibsaday Plaza Hotel isagoo dayn ka helay shirkado ay leeyihiin 16 bangi. Hudheelka ayaa loo gudbiyay ilaalinta musalsalka 1992, waxaana la ansixiyay qorshe dib-u-habayn bil ka dib, iyadoo bangiyada ay la wareegayaan hantida. Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu iska diiday in ka badan $3 bilyan oo deymo bangi ah, amaah-bixiyayaashuna waxay la wareegeen Hotel Plaza oo ay la socdaan badi hantidiisa kale "dib u habeyn ballaaran oo bahdilaad ah" taasoo u ogolaatay inuu ka fogaado khasaare shakhsi ah. Qareenka hogaanka bangiga ayaa sheegay go'aanka bangiyada in "dhammaan waxay isku raaceen in uu ka nolol fiicnaan lahaa dhimashada". Sannadkii 1996-kii, Trump waxa uu la wareegay oo dib u habayn ku sameeyay dhisme 71 dabaq ah oo inta badan bannaanaa oo ku yaalla 40 Wall Street , oo markii dambe loo beddelay Dhismaha Trump. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, wuxuu ku guuleystay xaqa uu u leeyahay inuu horumariyo dhul 70-acre (28 ha) ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Lincoln Square ee u dhow webiga Hudson. Isagoo ku dhibtoonaya deynta ganacsiyada kale ee 1994, wuxuu ka iibiyay inta badan danihiisa mashruuca maalgashadayaasha Aasiya, kuwaas oo maalgeliyay dhamaystirka mashruuca, Riverside South . Mashruucii ugu dambeeyay ee Trump ee dhismaha wuxuu ahaa 92-dabaq ee isku dhafan ee isticmaalka Trump International Hotel iyo Tower ee Chicago, kaas oo la furay 2008. 2024, The New York Times iyo ProPublica ayaa sheegay in Adeegga Dakhliga Gudaha uu baarayay haddii uu laba jeer qoray khasaaraha soo gaaray iyada oo loo marayo kharashka dhismaha iyo iibinta iibinta guryaha yar ee dib u celinta 8. ===casinos Atlantic magaalada=== [[File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg|thumb|Galitaanka Trump Taj Mahal ee Atlantic magaalada]] 1984, Trump wuxuu Harrah ka furay Trump Plaza , hudheel iyo casino, iyada oo maalgelin iyo caawimo maamul ay ka heshay Shirkadda Holiday . Waxay ahayd mid aan faa'iido lahayn, wuxuuna bixiyay Holiday $ 70 milyan bishii Maajo 1986 si uu keligiis u maamulo.  Sannadkii 1985-kii, waxa uu iibsaday hudheelka Atlantic City Hilton oo aan la furin oo uu u beddelay qalcadda Trump . Labada casinos waxay xareeyeen cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta 1992.  Trump wuxuu iibsaday goobta saddexaad ee Atlantic City 1988, Trump Taj Mahal . Waxaa lagu maalgeliyay $675 milyan oo doollar oo junk bonds ah waxaana lagu dhammeeyey $1.1 bilyan, oo la furay Abriil 1990. Waxa uu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta ee 1991. Sida ku cad qodobbada heshiiska dib-u-qaabaynta, waxa uu ka tanaasulay kala badh saamigiisii ​​hore oo shakhsi ahaan dammaanad qaaday waxqabadka mustaqbalka. Si uu u dhimo $900 milyan ee daynta gaarka ah, waxa uu iibiyay diyaaradda Trump Shuttle ; megayacht, Princess Trump , kaas oo laga kireeyay casinoskiisa oo lagu hayo; iyo ganacsiyo kale.  Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), kaas oo qaatay lahaanshaha Trump Plaza.  THCR waxa ay iibsatay Taj Mahal iyo Qasriga Trump 1996 waxana uu kacay 2004 iyo 2009, isaga oo ka tagay lahaanshaha boqolkiiba 10. Waxa uu ahaa guddoomiyaha ilaa 2009. ===Naadiyada Golf-ka=== Sanadkii 1985, Trump wuxuu la wareegay dhismaha Mar-a-Lago ee Palm Beach, Florida. Sannadkii 1995-kii, wuxuu u beddelay hantidii koox gaar ah oo leh lacag bilaw ah iyo kharashyo sannadle ah. Wuxuu sii waday inuu u isticmaalo baalka guriga sidii guri gaar ah. Waxa uu ku dhawaaqay naadigiisa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ee 2019. Waxa uu bilaabay dhisidda iyo iibsiga koorsooyinka golf- ka 1999-kii, isaga oo haysta 17 koorso golf ah 2016. ===Shati siinta magaca Trump=== Ururka Trump wuxuu inta badan shati u siiyay magaca Trump ee badeecadaha iyo adeegyada macaamiisha, oo ay ku jiraan cuntooyinka, dharka, koorasyada waxbarashada, iyo alaabta guriga. In ka badan 50 heshiisyada shatiga ama maamulka ayaa ku lug lahaa magaca Trump, isaga oo u soo saaray ugu yaraan $59 milyan shirkadihiisa. Sannadkii 2018, kaliya laba shirkadood oo alaabta macaamiisha ah ayaa sii waday inay sii wataan shatiga magaciisa. Intii lagu jiray 2000-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu magaciisa shati u siiyay horumarinta guryaha la dego ee adduunka oo dhan, 40 kuwaas oo aan waligood la dhisin. ===Dhaqdhaqaaqyada dhinaca=== [[File:Donald_Trump_and_Doug_Flutie_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Trump_Tower.jpg|thumb|1985 New Jersey Generals shir jaraa'id ee Trump Tower]] Sannadkii 1970-kii, Trump waxa uu galiyay $70,000 oo hantida aabbihiis ah si uu u helo biilasha isaga oo ka mid ah soo saaraha majaajilada Broadway-waxana uu lumiyay lacagtii. Ka dib markii uu u sameeyay dalabyo kubbadda hoose ee New York Mets iyo kooxihii Cleveland Indians baseball, 1983 ilaa $6 milyan, wuxuu iibsaday New Jersey Generals , koox ka tirsan Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Mareykanka . Horyaalka ayaa isku laabmay ka dib xilli ciyaareedkii 1985, oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku daygiisa inuu u guuro jadwalka dayrta (marka ay la tartami lahayd Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Qaranka ee dhagaystayaasha) iyo isku daygiisii ​​ahaa inuu ku qasbo ku biirista NFL isagoo keenaya suudh liddi ku ah. Trump iyo Hotelkiisa Plaza waxa ay marti galiyeen dhowr ciyaarood oo feerka ah hoolka shirarka ee Atlantic City Convention Hall . 1989 iyo 1990, wuxuu magaciisa ku siiyay tartanka tartanka baaskiilka ee Tour de Trump , isku dayga uu ku abuurayo Maraykan u dhigma jinsiyadaha Yurub sida Tour de France ama Giro d'Italia . Laga soo bilaabo 1986 ilaa 1988, wuxuu iibsaday qaybo badan oo saamiyo ah shirkado kala duwan oo dawladeed isagoo soo jeediyay inuu damacsan yahay inuu la wareego shirkadda kadibna uu iibiyo saamigiisa faa'iido, taasoo keentay in dadka indha indheeya ay u maleynayaan inuu ku hawlan yahay ganacsiga cagaaran .waqtiga New York waxay ogaatay in uu markii hore malaayiin doolar ku sameeyay macaamil ganacsi oo noocaas ah, laakiin "luminaya inta badan, haddii aysan ahayn dhammaan, faa'iidooyinkaas ka dib markii maalgashadayaasha ay joojiyeen in ay si dhab ah u qaataan hadalkiisa". [[File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG|thumb|Xiddiga Trump ee Socodka caanka ah ee Hollywood]] 1988, Trump waxa uu iibsaday Shuttle-ka Diyaaradaha ee Bari , isaga oo ku maal-geliyay iibsiga $380 milyan (oo u dhiganta $1.01 bilyan ee 2024 oo amaah ah oo ka socota bangiyada 22. Waxa uu u beddelay shirkadda duulimaadka ee Trump Shuttle waxana uu ku shaqaynayey ilaa 1992. Waxa uu diiday deymihiisii ​​1991-kii, lahaanshahana waxa uu u gudbay bangiyada. 1996-kii, wuxuu soo iibsaday Miss Universe pageants, oo ay ku jiraan Miss USA iyo Miss Teen USA . Sababtoo ah khilaafyada CBS ee ku saabsan jadwalka, wuxuu u qaaday labada bog ee NBC ee 2002. 2007, wuxuu helay xiddig ku socda Hollywood Walk of Fame shaqadiisa soo saaraha Miss Universe. NBC iyo Univision waxay hoos u dhigeen boggaga bishii Juun 2015 iyaga oo ka falcelinaya faallooyinkiisa ku saabsan soogalootiga Mexico. Sannadkii 2005, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Jaamacadda Trump , oo ah shirkad iibisa siminaarada guryaha ilaa $35,000. Ka dib markii maamulka Gobolka New York ay ku wargaliyeen shirkadda in isticmaalkeeda "jaamacad" ay jabisay sharciga gobolka (maadaama aysan ahayn machad akadeemiyadeed), magaceeda waxaa loo beddelay Trump Entrepreneur Initiative 2010. Sannadkii 2013, Gobolka New York wuxuu gudbiyay $ 40 milyan dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Jaamacadda Trump, isagoo ku eedeeyay in shirkadu ay samaysay hadallo been abuur ah oo ay khiyaanaysay macaamiisha. Intaa waxaa dheer, laba tallaabo oo heer caalami ah ayaa laga gudbiyay maxkamad federaali ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyo shirkadihiisa. Dukumiintiyo gudaha ah ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in shaqaalaha lagu amray inay adeegsadaan qaab si adag loo iibiyo, waxaana shaqaalihii hore ay caddeeyeen in jaamacadda Trump ay khiyaameysay ama been u sheegtay ardaydeeda. Wax yar ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016, wuxuu ogolaaday inuu bixiyo wadarta $ 25 milyan si loo xalliyo saddexda kiis. ===Aasaaska=== Donald J. Trump Foundation wuxuu ahaa aasaaska gaarka ah ee la aasaasay 1988. Laga soo bilaabo 1987 ilaa 2006, Trump wuxuu siiyay aasaaskiisa $ 5.4 milyan, taas oo ku baxday dhammaadkii 2006 . Vince McMahon . Aasaaska ayaa la siiyay samafalka caafimaadka- iyo isboortiga la xiriira, kooxaha muxaafidka ah, iyo samafal oo qabtay munaasabadaha guryaha Trump. Sannadkii 2016, The Washington Post ayaa sheegtay in hay'ad samafal ahi ay geysatay dhowr xadgudubyo xagga sharciga iyo anshaxa ah, oo ay ku jiraan is-wax-ka-qabasho iyo canshuur lunsi . Sidoo kale 2016, xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York ayaa sheegay in aasaaska uu ku xad-gudbay sharciga gobolka iyadoo la codsanayo deeqaha iyada oo aan la soo gudbin xisaab-celinta dibadda ee sannadlaha ah ee loo baahan yahay oo uu ku amray inay joojiso hawlaheeda lacag-ururinta ee New York isla markiiba. Kooxda Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay December 2016 in aasaaska la burburin doono. Bishii Juun 2018, xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York wuxuu gudbiyay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah aasaaska, Trump, iyo caruurtiisa qaangaarka, iyagoo raadinaya $2.8 milyan oo magdhow ah iyo ganaaxyo dheeraad ah. Bishii Diseembar 2018, aasaaska shaqada wuu joojiyay oo wuxuu u qaybiyay hantidiisa hay'ado kale oo samafal ah. ]Bishii Noofambar 2019, garsooraha gobolka New York ayaa ku amray Trump inuu bixiyo $2 milyan oo doolar koox samafal ah oo si khaldan u isticmaalay lacagaha mu'asasada, qayb ahaan si loo maalgeliyo ololihiisa madaxtinimo. ===Arrimaha sharciga iyo kacsiga=== Marka loo eego dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyay faylalka maxkamadda gobolka iyo federaalka oo ay samaysay USA Today sanadkii 2018, Trump iyo ganacsigiisu waxay ku lug lahaayeen in ka badan 4,000 oo tallaabo sharci oo heer gobol iyo federaal ah. Inkastoo uusan u xarayn kicinta shakhsi ahaaneed , ganacsigiisa hudheelka iyo casinos ee Atlantic City iyo New York wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix jeer intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009. Waxay sii wadeen inay shaqeeyaan halka bangiyada ay dib u habeyn ku sameeyeen deynta waxayna yareeyeen saamiyadiisa guryaha. Intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii, in ka badan 70 bangi ayaa Trump amaahiyay $4 bilyan. Ka dib markii uu kacday shirkaddiisa horraantii 1990-meeyadii, bangiyada ugu waaweyn, marka laga reebo Deutsche Bank , waxay diideen inay amaahiyaan isaga. Ka dib weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol , bangigu wuxuu go'aansaday inuusan ganacsi la samayn isaga ama shirkadiisa xiriirka la leh mustaqbalka. ===Maalka=== [[File:State Visit of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia State Dinner Receiving Line with Ivana Trump and Donald Trump in East Room - DPLA - 1a44d05819eab8ba3dcf7a6883ad92ba.jpg|thumb|Trump (midigta midig) iyo xaaskiisa Ivana oo 1985-kii casho sharaf dawladeed u sameeyey [[Boqor]] Fahad ee [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo ay la yeesheen Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan iyo Marwada Koowaad ee Nancy Reagan]] Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu shaqadiisa ku bilaabay “amaah yar oo hal milyan oo dollar ah” oo uu aabihii ka helay oo ay ahayd in uu dib ugu bixiyo ribo. Waxa uu ka amaahday ugu yaraan $60 milyan aabbihii, inta badan ma bixin deymihii, oo waxa uu ka helay $413 milyan oo kale (2018 u dhiganta, oo loo habeeyey sicir bararka) shirkadda aabihiis.  Isaga oo iska dhigaya sarkaal ka tirsan Ururka Trump oo lagu magacaabo " John Barron ", Trump wuxuu wacay saxafiga Jonathan Greenberg [[1984]], isagoo isku dayaya inuu darajo sare ka helo liiska Forbes 400 ee hodanka Mareykanka. Trump wuxuu iskiis u sheegay qiimihiisa saafiga ah: laga jaray $900 milyan 1990  ilaa $10 bilyan 2015. Sannadkii 2015, Forbes wuxuu ku qiyaasay hantidiisa $4.5 bilyan, iyadoo lagu salaynayo waraysiyo lala yeeshay in ka badan 80 ilo. Sannadkii 2025, majaladda ayaa ku qiyaastay hantidiisa $5.1 bilyan waxayna ku qiimeysay qofka 700-aad ee ugu qanisan adduunka. ==Xirfadda warbaahinta== Trump waxa uu daabacay 19 buug oo magaciisa ku qoran, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay qoreen ama ay qoreen kuwa wax qora . Buugiisi ugu horeeyay, The Art of the Deal (1987), waxa uu ahaa New York Times iibiyaha ugu fiican , waxaana lagu tiriyaa New Yorker in uu Trump ka dhigay mid caan ku ah "astaanta maalqabeenada guulaystay". Buugga waxaa qoray Tony Schwartz , kaas oo loo aqoonsan yahay qoraaga. Trump wuxuu lahaa muuqaalo filimaan badan iyo bandhigyo telefishan laga soo bilaabo 1985 ilaa 2001 . Wuxuu si goos-goos ah ugu soo muuqday shirkadda legdinta ee WWE laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii oo ay ku jiraan WrestleMania 23 ee 2007. Laga bilaabo 1990-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu u muuqday 24 jeer isagoo marti ku ah bandhigga Howard Stern Show ee qaranka . Waxa uu lahaa barnaamij sheeko gaaban oo raadiyaha ah, Trumped! , laga bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2008. Laga soo bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2015, wuxuu ahaa faallooyinka martida ee Fox & Friends . Sannadkii 2021, Trump, oo xubin ka ahaa tan iyo 1989, wuu iska casilay SAG-AFTRA si uu uga fogaado dhageysiga edbinta ee ku saabsan weerarkii Janaayo 6. Laba maalmood ka dib, ururka shaqaalaha ayaa si joogto ah u diiday isaga. ===Tababbarka iyo Xirfadlaha caanka ah=== Soo saaraha Mark Burnett ayaa Trump ka dhigay xiddig telefishan ah markii uu abuuray The Apprentice , kaas oo Trump uu martigeliyay 2004 ilaa 2015 (oo ay ku jiraan kala duwanaanshaha The Celebrity Apprentice ). Bandhigyada, waxa uu ahaa madaxa fulinta sare oo meesha ka saaray tartamayaasha odhaahda " waad cayrisay". The New York Times ayaa ugu yeedhay sawirkiisa "mid aad u faanaysi badan, oo aad u khayaali ah" naftiisa. Bandhigyadu waxay dib u dhigeen sawirka Trump malaayiin daawadayaal ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. Heshiisyada shatiga ee la xidhiidha, waxay kasbadeen in ka badan $400 milyan. ==Himilooyinka siyaasadeed ee hore== Trump wuxuu ka diiwaan gashan yahay Jamhuuriya ahaan Queens 1969 iyo Manhattan 1987; xubin ka mid ah Xisbiga Madaxbanaanida , gobolka New York ee xisbiga Reform Party , 1999; Dimuqraadiyiintii 2001 ; Jamhuuriyaddii 2009; aan xiriir la lahayn 2011; iyo Jamhuuriya 2012 [[File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor.jpg|thumb|Isagoo ka hadlaya CPAC , [[Febraayo]] 2011]] 1987, Trump wuxuu xayeysiisyo bog buuxa ah ku dhejiyay wargeysyada waaweyn oo muujinaya aragtidiisa ku aaddan siyaasadda dibadda iyo sida loo tirtiro hoos u dhaca miisaaniyadda federaalka. Sannadkii 1988-kii, waxa uu la xidhiidhay Lee Atwater , isaga oo waydiisanaya in la tixgeliyo in uu yahay musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga ee George HW Bush . Bush wuxuu codsigaas u helay "mid qariib ah oo aan la rumaysan karin". Trump waxa uu ahaa musharrax 2000 ee xisbiga Reform Party ee horudhaca madaxtinnimada saddex bilood ka hor inta uusan ka tanaasulin Febraayo 2000 . Waxa uu ka hadlay shirkii waxqabadka siyaasadda ee muxaafidka bishii Febraayo, wuxuuna khudbado ka jeediyay gobollada horudhaca ah ee horudhaca ah. Bishii Maajo 2011, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuusan tartami doonin ==2016 doorashada madaxweynaha== Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay inuu u sharaxan yahay doorashada 2016 June 2015. Waxa uu u ololeeyay sidii maalqabeen, ganacsade guul leh iyo shisheeye aan khibrad siyaasadeed lahayn, wuxuuna ku andacoodey in warbaahintu u xaglinayso isaga. Hadaladiisa ol'olaha badanaa waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan caddayn oo soo jeedin ah, iyo lambarka rikoodhku waa been. Waxa uu noqday murashaxa ugu horreeya ee Jamhuuriga bishii March 2016 waxaana lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay musharaxa Jamhuuriga ee la malaynayo bishii May [[File:Donald_Trump_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg|thumb|Ololaha Arizona, Maarso 2016]] Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay NATO mid "dhacday" iyo aragtiyo la isku halleyn karo oo lagu tilmaamay Washington Post inay yihiin kuwo aan dhexdhexaad ahayn iyo ilaalin . Ololihiisa ololaha wuxuu xooga saaray dib u gorgortanka xiriirka US-China iyo heshiisyada ganacsiga xorta ah sida NAFTA iyo si adag u dhaqan gelinta sharciyada socdaalka. Jagooyinka kale ee ololaha waxaa ka mid ah raadinta madaxbannaanida tamarta iyada oo ka soo horjeeda xeerarka isbeddelka cimilada, casriyeynta adeegyada loogu talagalay halyeeyada , baabi'inta iyo beddelka sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo , baabi'inta heerarka waxbarashada aasaasiga ah , maalgelinta kaabayaasha , fududaynta koodhka canshuurta iyada oo la dhimayo canshuuraha, iyo ku soo rogida canshuuraha soo dejinta ee shirkadaha ka shaqeeya xeebaha. Waxa uu ku taliyey in la kordhiyo kharashaadka milatariga iyo in si xad dhaaf ah loo baadho ama laga mamnuuco soogalootiga dalalka Muslimka u badan. Waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu darbi ka dhisayo xudduudda Mexico iyo Maraykanka, waxa uuna wacad ku maray in Mexico ay bixin doonto kharashka. Wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu masaafurin doono malaayiin muhaajiriin sharci darro ah oo ku nool Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaleeceeyay dhalashada dhalashada inuu dhiirigelinayo " carruurta barroosinka ah ". Sida laga soo xigtay falanqaynta Sayniska Siyaasadda ee Quarterly , Trump wuxuu sameeyay "ras-raac cad oo cunsurinimo iyo jinsiyeed ah si uu uga guuleysto codbixiyayaasha cadaanka ah" intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxtinimada ee 2016. Gaar ahaan, khudbadiisii ​​ololaha ololaha ayaa soo jiidatay dhaleeceyn ku aaddan sheegashada muhaajiriinta reer Mexico "waxay keeneen daroogo, waxay keeneen dambi, waa kufsi"; oo ka jawaabaya, NBC waxay ka eriday Xirfadlaha caanka ah . Warbixinada Trump ee FEC ee looga baahan yahay ayaa ku taxay hantida ka sareysa $1.4 bilyan iyo deymaha taagan ee ugu yaraan $315 milyan. Ma uusan sii deyn canshuur celintiisa , taasoo lid ku ah dhaqanka musharax kasta oo weyn tan iyo 1976 iyo ballanqaadkiisii ​​2014 iyo 2015 inuu sidaas sameyn doono haddii uu u tartamo jagada. ( 166 ) Wuxuu sheegay in canshuur celintiisa la baarayo , qareennadiisuna ay kula taliyeen inuusan sii deyn. Kadib dagaal dheer oo maxkamadeed oo lagu joojinayo sii deynta canshuur celintiisa iyo diiwaanada kale ee qareenka degmada Manhattan si loogu sameeyo dambi baaris, oo ay ku jiraan laba racfaan oo uu Trump u gudbiyay Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka , Febraayo 2021 maxkamadda sare waxay ogolaatay in diiwaannada loo sii daayo dacwad oogaha si ay u eegaan xeerbeegti weyn. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, qaybo ka mid ah dacwadaha gobolka Trump ee 1995 ayaa loo siidaayay wariye ka socda New York Times . Waxay muujinayaan inuu ku dhawaaqay inuu khasaaray $ 916 milyan sanadkaas, taas oo u ogolaan karta inuu ka fogaado canshuuraha ilaa 18 sano. Trump ayaa ku guuleystay 306 cod oo la ballanqaaday halka 232 ay heshay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary Clinton . Ka dib markii doorashadi labada dhinac ay ka baxeen , tirinta rasmiga ah waxay ahayd 304 ilaa 227 . Waxa uu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan ka mid ahayn ciidamada, mana qaban wax xafiis dawladeed ka hor inta uusan noqon madaxweynaha. Doorashadiisu waxay calaamad u ahayd soo noqoshada dawlad Jamhuuriya oo aan qaybsanayn . Guusha Trump waxay dhalisay mudaaharaadyo ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Maraykanka ==Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay (2017-2021)== [[File:Donald_Trump_swearing_in_ceremony.jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , oo uu maamulayo madaxa cadaalada John G. Roberts Jr. , Janaayo 20, 2017]] [[File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg|thumb|Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2017]] ===Ficilada hore=== Trump ayaa la caleemasaaray Janaayo 20, 2017. Maalin ka dib markii la caleemasaaray, qiyaastii 2.6 milyan oo qof oo adduunka ah, oo ay ku jiraan 500,000 oo ku nool Washington, DC, ayaa mudaaharaad ka dhan ah isaga oo ka qeyb qaatay socodkii haweenka . Intii lagu guda jiray usbuucii ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump wuxuu saxiixay lix amar fulineed , oo ay ku jiraan oggolaanshaha habraacyada baabi'inta sharciga ilaalinta bukaanka iyo daryeelka la awoodi karo ("Obamacare"), ka noqoshada wada-xaajoodka iskaashiga Trans-Pacific, horumarinta mashaariicda Keystone XL iyo Dakota Access Pipeline , iyo qorsheynta darbiga xadka Maraykanka ee Mexico. ===Isku dhacyada xiisaha=== Ka hor inta aan la caleema-saarin, Trump wuxuu ganacsigiisa u raray kalsooni la burin karo , halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa kalsooni indho la'aan ama habayn u dhigma "si uu naftiisa uga gooyo danihiisa ganacsi". Wuxuu sii waday inuu ka faa'iidaysto ganacsigiisa wuxuuna ogaa sida siyaasadda maamulkiisu u saamaysay. Inkasta oo uu sheegay in uu ka fogaan doono "heshiisyada cusub ee ajnabiga ah", Ururka Trump wuxuu dabagalay ballaarinta hawlgalka ee Scotland, Dubai, iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dominican. ​​Lobbyists, saraakiisha dawladda shisheeye, deeq-bixiyeyaasha Trump iyo xulafadooda ayaa boqolaal milyan oo doolar u soo ururiyay goobihiisa dalxiiska iyo hoteellada. Trump ayaa lagu dacweeyay inuu ku xad-gudbay Qodobbada Emoluments Gudaha iyo Dibadda ee Dastuurka Mareykanka , markii ugu horreysay ee qodobbada si cad loo dacweeyay. Hal kiis ayaa lagu diiday maxkamadda hoose. Labo ayaa Maxkamadda Sare ay shaqada ka cayrisay ka dib markii uu xilka qabtay. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu ugu deeqayo mushaharkiisa madaxtinnimo iyo faa'iidada uu ka helo dammaanadda shisheeye ee dawladda Maraykanka. Waxa uu ugu deeqay mushaharkiisa hay'adaha federaalka waxana uu dacaayadeeyay deeq kasta ilaa Juulay 2020. Wakaaladaha federaaliga ah ee ay sahamisay The Washington Post bishii Luulyo 2021 waxa ay sheegeen in aanay wax hadiyad ah helin wixii ka dambeeyay bishaas. Muwaadiniinta Mas'uuliyadda iyo Anshaxa ee Washington ayaa sheegay 2024 inuu ku deeqay $448,000 oo lagu qiyaasay $13.6 milyan oo lacag ah oo uu ka helay dawlado shisheeye muddadiisii ​​ugu horreysay. ===Siyaasadda gudaha=== Trump wuxuu xafiiska la wareegay meesha ugu sarreysa ballaarinta dhaqaale ee ugu dheer taariikhda Mareykanka, kaasoo bilaabmay 2009 oo socday ilaa Febraayo 2020, markii hoos u dhaca COVID-19 uu bilaabmay. Bishii Disembar 2017, wuxuu saxiixay Sharciga dhimista Canshuuraha iyo Shaqada ee 2017 . Waxay hoos u dhigtay qiimaha cashuuraha ee ganacsiyada iyo shakhsiyaadka waxayna meesha ka saartay ciqaabtii la xidhiidhay sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo . Maamulka Trump ayaa ku andacoonaya in ficilku aanu hoos u dhigi doonin dakhliga dawladda, laakiin dakhliga 2018 ayaa 7.6 boqolkiiba ka hooseeya saadaasha. Marka loo eego Trump, hoos u dhaca miisaaniyada federaalku wuxuu kordhay ku dhawaad ​​50 boqolkiiba, ilaa ku dhawaad ​​$ 1 trillion 2019. Dhammaadkii muddadiisa, deynta qaranka Mareykanka waxay kordheen 39 boqolkiiba, taasoo gaartay $ 27.75 trillion, iyo saamiga US-deficit-to-GDP ayaa ku dhuftey mid sare oo ka mid ah Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Trump waxa kale oo uu ku guuldarraystay in uu ka dhabeeyo ballan-qaadkiisii ​​ololaha ee ahaa $1 trillion oo qorshe kharash-bixineed oo kaabayaasha ah. Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee casriga ah ee Maraykanka ee xilka ka taga isaga oo ka shaqaale yar marka loo eego markii uu xilka qabtay, saddex milyan oo qof. Wuxuu diiday fikradda sayniska ee isbeddelka cimilada . Wuxuu hoos u dhigay miisaaniyada cilmi baarista tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo 40 boqolkiiba wuxuuna bedelay siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee lagu hagayay isbedelka cimilada. Wuxuu ka baxay heshiiskii Paris , taasoo ka dhigtay Mareykanka dalka kaliya ee aan ansixin. Wuxuu ujeedkiisu ahaa in kor loo qaado wax soo saarka iyo dhoofinta shidaalka fosil . Gaaska dabiiciga ah ayaa balaariyay Trump, laakiin dhuxusha ayaa sii waday hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu dib u soo celiyay in ka badan 100 xeerarka deegaanka ee federaalka, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa xakameyey qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo , wasakhowga hawada iyo biyaha, iyo isticmaalka walxaha sunta ah. Wuxuu wiiqay ilaalinta xoolaha iyo heerarka deegaanka ee mashaariicda kaabayaasha federaalka, wuxuuna balaariyay meelaha la oggol yahay ee qodista iyo soo saarista kheyraadka, sida oggolaanshaha qodista Qaxootiga Arctic . Trump wuxuu burburiyay xeerarkii federaalka ee caafimaadka, shaqada, deegaanka, iyo meelo kale, oo ay ku jiraan sharci baabi'iyay xeerkii xilligii Obama ee xaddidayay iibinta hubka dadka maskaxda ka xanuunsan. Inta lagu jiro lixdii toddobaad ee ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, wuxuu dib u dhigay, hakiyay, ama beddelay sagaashan xeer federaal ah, inta badan "kadib codsiyo ka yimid warshadaha nidaamsan". Machadka Daacadnimada Siyaasadda wuxuu ogaaday in 78 boqolkiiba soo jeedintiisa ay xannibeen maxkamadaha ama aysan ka adkaan dacwadda. Intii lagu guda jiray ololihiisa, Trump wuxuu wacad ku maray inuu baabi'in doono oo uu bedeli doono Sharciga Daryeelka La awoodi karo . Xafiiska, waxa uu hoos u dhigay fulinta sharciga iyada oo loo marayo amarada fulinta. Wuxuu muujiyay rabitaan ah inuu "u oggolaado Obamacare inuu guuldareysto"; maamulkiisu waxa uu kala badh ka dhimay xilliga is-diiwaangelinta waxana uu si weyn u dhimay dhaqaalihii loogu talo galay dhiirrigelinta diiwaangelinta. Bishii Juun 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu ku biiray 18 dawladood oo Jamhuurigu hoggaamiyo oo ku doodaya ka hor Maxkamadda Sare in baabi'inta ganaaxyada maaliyadeed ee la xidhiidha waajibaadka shakhsi ahaaneed ay ka dhigtay sharciga mid dastuuri ah. Codsigoodu wuxuu baabi'in lahaa caymiska caafimaadka ilaa 23 milyan oo Maraykan ah, laakiin kuma guulaysan. Intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016, Trump wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu ilaalin doono maalgelinta Medicare iyo barnaamijyada kale ee badbaadada bulshada. Janaayo 2020, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaanka inuu tixgeliyo dhimista iyaga. Isagoo ka jawaabaya cudurka faafa ee opioid , Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharci sanadka 2018 si loo kordhiyo maalgelinta daawaynta daroogada, laakiin waxaa si weyn loogu dhaleeceeyay inuu ku guuldareystay inuu sameeyo istiraatiijiyad la taaban karo. Wuxuu ka mamnuucay hay'adaha bixiya ilmo iska soo rididda ama u gudbinta ilmo soo rididda inay helaan lacagaha federaalka. Waxa uu sheegay in uu taageeray "guurka dhaqameed", laakiin wuxuu tixgeliyey sharcinimada waddanka oo dhan ee guurka isku jinsiga ah "la degay". Maamulkiisu waxa uu dib u rogay qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah ilaalinta goobta shaqada ee maamulka Obama ee ka dhanka ah takoorka dadka LGBTQ .Isku daygiisii ​​isku daygiisii ​​ee ilaalinta takoorka ee bukaannada transgender- ka bishii Agoosto 2020 waxaa joojiyay garsoore federaal ah ka dib markii ay xukuntay Maxkamadda Sare ay kordhisay ilaalinta xuquuqda madaniga ah ee shaqaalaha aqoonsiga jinsiga iyo jihada galmada. Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu ka soo horjeedo xakamaynta hubka , in kasta oo ay aragtidiisu is beddeshay muddo ka dib. Maamulkiisu waxa uu qaatay mawqif ka dhan ah marijuana , isaga oo burinaya siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee ilaalin jiray dawladaha sharciyeeyay marijuana. Waa u doode muddo dheer ah ee ciqaabta dilka ah, iyo maamulkiisu wuxuu kormeeray dawladda federaalka ah ee fulinta 13 maxbuus, in ka badan 56 sano ee hore marka la isku daro, oo soo afjaraya 17 sano oo joojin ah. Sannadkii 2016, wuxuu sheegay inuu taageersan yahay isticmaalka hababka jirdilka su'aalaha "jahannamo aad uga xun kan biyaha-qaadista . ===Xiriirka jinsiyadeed=== Faallooyinka Trump ee 2017 Mideynta Dibad-baxa Xaqa ah , oo cambaareeyay "bandhiggan foosha xun ee nacaybka, nacaybka iyo rabshadaha dhinacyo badan" oo sheegaya in ay jiraan "dad aad u fiican oo labada dhinac ah", ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay inay muujinayaan u dhigma akhlaaqda u dhexeeya dibad-baxayaasha sare-sare ee cadaanka ah iyo mudaaharaadayaasha. Bishii Janaayo 2018 dood ku saabsan sharciga socdaalka, waxaa la sheegay inuu u tixraacay El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, iyo wadamada Afrika sida "wadamada shithole". Hadaladiisa waxaa lagu cambaareeyay cunsurinimo. [[File:President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(49964153176).jpg|Iyadoo koox saraakiil iyo la-taliyeyaal ah ay ka soo lugeeyeen Aqalka Cad kuna sii jeeday Kaniisadda St.]] Bishii Luulyo 2019, Trump ayaa bartiisa twitterka ku soo qoray in afar haween ah oo ka tirsan Kongareeska Dimuqraadiga—dhammaan dadka laga tirada badan yahay, oo seddex ka mid ah ay u dhasheen Mareykanka - ay tahay inay " ku laabtaan " dalalkii ay "ka yimaadeen".Laba maalmood ka dib Golaha Wakiiladu waxay u codeeyeen 240-187, inta badan iyagoo raacaya xisbiyada, si ay u cambaareeyaan "faallooyinka cunsuriyadda". Daabacaada wadani ee cadaanka ah iyo warbaahinta bulshada ayaa amaanay hadaladiisa, kuwaas oo sii socday maalmaha soo socda. Waxa uu sii waday hadallo la mid ah intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2020. Bishii Juun 2020, intii lagu jiray mudaaharaadyadii George Floyd , saraakiisha fulinta sharciga federaalku waxay isticmaaleen sunta dadka ka ilmeysiisa iyo tabaha kale ee dadka si ay uga saaraan dad badan oo nabdoon oo mudaaharaadayaal sharci ah fagaaraha Lafayette , bannaanka Aqalka Cad . Trump ayaa markaa la soo baxay Kitaabka Quduuska ah si uu sawir uga qaado Kaniisadda Episcopal St. Hogaamiyeyaal ciidan oo badan oo shaqada ka fadhiistay iyo saraakiisha difaaca ayaa cambaareeyay soo jeedintiisa ah in uu isticmaalo millatariga Maraykanka mudaharaadayaasha ka soo horjeeda bilayska. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee uu Trump xilka hayay, waxa uu oggolaaday 237 codsi oo naxariis ah, taas oo ka yar dhammaan madaxweynayaashii tan iyo 1900-kii marka laga reebo George HW Bush iyo George W. Bush . Keliya 25 iyaga ka mid ah ayaa waxaa shaandheeyay Xafiiska Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Xafiiska Qareenka Cafiska ; kuwa kale waxaa la siiyay dadka xiriirka shakhsi ahaaneed ama siyaasadeed ee isaga, qoyskiisa, iyo xulafadiisa, ama ay ku taliyaan dadka caanka ah. Maalintii ugu dambaysay ee uu xafiiska joogay, waxa uu ogolaaday 73 cafis waxana uu ka khafiifiyay 70 xukun. Dhawr xulafada Trump ah uma qalmin cafis marka loo eego xeerarka Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo xaalado kale waaxdu waxay ka soo horjeedsatay naxariista. Cafiskii saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan ciidanka milatariga oo lagu helay ama lagu soo oogay dambiyo rabshado wata ayaa waxaa ka soo horjeestay hogaamiyayaasha ciidamada. ===Socdaalka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg|thumb|Baarista tusaalaha darbiga xadka ee Otay Mesa, California]] Madaxweyne ahaan, Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay socdaalka sharci darrada ah inuu yahay "duulaanka" Maraykanka oo uu si weyn u kordhiyay fulinta socdaalka. Wuxuu hirgeliyay siyaasado adag oo ka dhan ah magangalyo-doonka wuxuuna u daabulay ku dhawaad ​​6,000 oo askari xadka US-Mexico si ay u joojiyaan isgoysyada sharci darrada ah. Waxa uu hoos u dhigay tirada qaxootiga loo ogolaaday in ay diiwaan gashadaan, laga bilaabo xadka sanadlaha ah ee 110,000 ka hor inta uusan xafiiska la wareegin 15,000 ee 2021 . Mid ka mid ah ballamihiisii ​​ololaha dhexe waxa ay ahayd in uu derbi ka dhisayo xudduudda US-Mexico ; intii lagu jiray xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Maraykanku wuxuu dhisay 73 mayl (117 km) oo derbi ah meelaha aan lahayn caqabadaha iyo 365 mayl (587 km) si uu u beddelo caqabadaha hore. 2018, diidmada Trump ee ah in uu saxeexo kharash kasta oo kharash ah ilaa ay u qoondaysay maalgelinta darbiga xuduudka waxay keentay xidhidhkii ugu dheeraa abid ee dawladda dhexe , muddo 35 maalmood ah laga bilaabo Disembar 2018 ilaa Janaayo 2019. Si looga fogaado xidhitaan kale, Koongarasku waxa uu soo saaray biil dhaqaale oo dhan $1.4 bilyan oo loogu talagalay dayrarka xuduudaha bishii Febraayo. Trump ayaa markii dambe ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo heer qaran ah oo ku taal xudduudda koonfureed si uu u leexiyo $ 6.1 bilyan oo maalgelin ah derbiga xudduudaha inkastoo congress-ka is khilaafeen. Bishii Janaayo 2017, Trump wuxuu saxiixay amar fulin oo u diidaya inay soo galaan muwaadiniinta lix waddan oo Muslimiin u badan afar bilood iyo inay ka yimaadaan Suuriya si aan xad lahayn. Amarka ayaa sababay mudaaharaadyo badan iyo caqabado sharci taasoo keentay amarro dalka oo dhan ah . Amarka dib loo eegay oo bixiya qaar ka reeban ayaa sidoo kale xannibay maxkamadaha, laakiin Maxkamadda Sare waxay xukuntay bishii Juun in mamnuucida la fulin karo kuwa ka maqan " xidhiidh daacad ah oo lala yeesho qof ama hay'ad" gudaha Maraykanka saraakiil, laakiin waxay ka saareen Ciraaq iyo Suudaan. Maxkamadda Sare waxay ogolaatay in noocaas uu dhaqan galo Diseembar 2017, oo ugu dambeyntii taageertay xayiraadda 2019. Laga soo bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu lahaa siyaasad kala qaybsanaan qoys oo kala saaray in ka badan 4,400 carruurta soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee waalidkood, 2 ee Maraykanka . Siyaasad aan hore loo arag. ayaa dalka ka dhalisay cadho dadweyne. Inkasta oo Trump uu markii hore eedaynayay Dimuqraadiyiinta oo uu ku adkaystay inuusan joojin karin siyaasadda amarka fulinta, wuxuu aqbalay cadaadiska dadweynaha bishii Juun 2018 wuxuuna amray in qoysaska soogalootiga sharci-darrada ah la wada xiro haddii aysan "ay jirin walaac" khatarta ilmaha. Garsooraha ayaa markii dambe amar ku bixiyay in qoysaska la isu keeno oo kala fogaansho dheeraad ah la joojiyo marka laga reebo xaalado xaddidan, inkastoo in ka badan 1,000 carruur dheeraad ah laga soocay qoysaskooda amarka ka dib. ===Siyaasada Arimaha Dibada=== [[File:-G7Biarritz_(48616362963).jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyayaasha G7 ayaa shir madaxeedka 45-aad ee Fransiiska, 2019]] Trump wuxuu isku tilmaamay inuu yahay "qaraniyad" iyo siyaasadiisa arrimaha dibadda " America First ". Waxa uu taageeray dawladihii populist , neo-nationalist , iyo dawlado kali-talis ah. Saadalin la'aan, hubanti la'aan, iyo iswaafaqla'aan ayaa lagu gartaa xiriirka dibadda intii uu xilka hayay. Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo xulafadiisa reer Yurub waxa uu ahaa mid xun intii uu Trump joogay. Wuxuu dhaleeceeyay xulafada NATO wuxuuna si gaar ah u soo jeediyay in Maraykanku ka baxo NATO . Trump wuxuu taageeray siyaasado badan oo ka mid ah siyaasadaha ra'iisul wasaaraha Israel Benjamin Netanyahu . Sannadkii 2020, Trump waxa uu martigeliyay saxeexa heshiiskii Abraham ee u dhexeeyay Israa’iil iyo Imaaraadka Carabta iyo Baxrayn si ay caadi uga dhigaan xidhiidhkooda dibadda. [[File:President_Trump_%26_the_First_Lady%27s_Trip_to_Europe_(42547210635).jpg|thumb|Isagoo gacan qaadaya madaxweynaha [[Ruushka]] Vladimir Putin intii lagu jiray shirkii 2018 ee Helsinki , [[Finland]]]] Trump ayaa dagaal ganacsi la bilaabay Shiinaha 2018 ka dib markii uu ku soo rogay canshuuro iyo caqabado kale oo ganacsi oo uu sheegay in ay ku qasbi doonto Shiinaha in ay soo afjarto ku dhaqanka ganacsiga cadaalad darada ah ee mudada dheer soo jiray iyo ku xadgudubka hantida garaadka . Trump waxa uu wiiqay cunaqabatayntii ugu adkeyd ee uu Maraykanku soo rogay ka dib markii 2014 uu Ruushku la wareegay Crimea . Trump wuu ammaanay oo, sida ay sheegeen qaar ka mid ah dadka dhaleeceeyay, dhif ayuu u dhaleeceeyay madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin , inkasta oo uu ka soo horjeestay tallaabooyinka qaar ee dawladda Ruushka. Waxa uu Maraykanka ka saaray heshiiska dhex-dhexaadka ah ee ciidamada Nukliyeerka , isaga oo u cuskanaya in Ruushku aanu u hoggaansamin, oo uu taageeray suurtagalnimada in Ruushku ku soo laabto G7 . Iyada oo hubka Nukliyeerka ee Waqooyiga Kuuriya loo arkayay khatar halis ah, Trump wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Maraykan ah ee la kulma hoggaamiyaha Kuuriyada Waqooyi, oo la kulmay Kim Jong Un saddex jeer : Singapore bishii Juun 2018, Hanoi bishii Febraayo 2019, iyo Aagga Dillatari ee Kuuriya ee Juun 2019 ===Shaqaale=== Dhammaadkii sannadkii ugu horreeyay ee Trump xafiiska, 34 boqolkiiba shaqaalahiisa asalka ah waa ay iska casileen, shaqada laga eryay, ama waa la bedelay. Ilaa Luulyo 2018, 61 boqolkiiba kaaliyeyaashiisa sare ayaa ka tagay iyo shaqaalaha 141 ayaa ka tagay sannadkii hore. Labada tiroba waxay dhigayaan rikoodh madaxweynayaashii dhawaa. Kaaliyeyaasha gaarka ah ee u dhow Trump ayaa shaqada ka tagay ama lagu qasbay. Waxa uu si cad u bahdilay dhowr ka mid ah saraakiishiisii ​​ugu sarraysay. Trump wuxuu lahaa afar madax oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad , isaga oo fogeynaya ama riixaya dhowr. Bishii Maajo 2017, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay agaasimihii FBI James Comey , isagoo sheegay maalmo ka dib inuu ka walaacsan yahay doorka Comey ee baaritaannada Trump iyo Ruushka. Saddex ka mid ah 15-kii xubnood ee asalka ahaa ee Trump ayaa baxay ama lagu qasbay inay is casilaan sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay. Trump wuu ka gaabiyay inuu magacaabo saraakiisha heerka labaad ee waaxda fulinta, isagoo sheegay in jagooyin badan oo aan loo baahnayn. Bishii Oktoobar 2017, waxaa jiray boqollaal jagooyin hoosaadyo ah oo aan la magacaabin. Ilaa Janaayo 8, 2019, ee 706 jagooyin muhiim ah, 433 ayaa la buuxiyay mana uusan u magacaabin 264. ===Garsoorka=== Trump ayaa magacaabay 226 garsoore oo heer federaal ah , oo ay ku jiraan 54 ka mid ah maxkamadaha rafcaanka iyo saddex ka mid ah maxkamadda sare : Neil Gorsuch , Brett Kavanaugh , iyo Amy Coney Barrett . Magacaabistiisa Maxkamadda Sare waxay siyaasad ahaan u wareejisay Maxkamadda dhinaca midig. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ballan qaaday in Roe v. Wade la rogi doono "si toos ah" haddii isaga la doorto oo la siiyo fursad uu ku magacaabo laba ama saddex garsoorayaasha ka hortagga ilmo soo rididda. Ka dib waxa uu qaatay sumcad markii Roe uu afgembiyay Dobbs v. Jackson Ururka Caafimaadka Haweenka 2022; Dhammaan saddexdii xubnood ee uu soo magacaabay Maxkamadda Sare waxay ku codeeyeen aqlabiyadda. Trump wuxuu quudhsaday maxkamadaha iyo garsoorayaasha uu ku khilaafay, inta badan qaab shakhsiyeed, wuxuuna su'aal galiyay awoodda dastuuriga ah ee garsoorka. Weerradiisa uu ku qaaday maxkamadaha ayaa waxaa ka dhashay canaan ka timid goobjoogayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan garsoorayaal heer federaal ah oo fadhiyey, kuwaas oo ka walaacsanaa saamaynta hadalladiisu ku yeelan karaan madaxbannaanida garsoorka iyo kalsoonida shacabku ku qabaan garsoorka. ===Cudurka caalamiga ah covid-19=== [[File:White_House_Press_Briefing_(49666120807).jpg|thumb|Qabashada war-saxaafadeed COVID-19 ah oo lala yeelanayo xubnaha Aqalka Cad ee Hawl-galka Coronavirus Maarso 15, 2020]] Trump ayaa markii hore iska dhaga tiray digniinaha caafimaadka bulshada iyo baaqyada ah in tallaabo laga qaado saraakiisha caafimaadka ee maamulkiisa. Trump wuxuu aasaasay Ciidanka Aqalka Cad ee Coronavirus bishii Janaayo 29. Bishii Maarso 27, wuxuu saxiixay sharciga CARES Act - $ 2.2 trillion biilka kicinta dhaqaalaha laba geesoodka ah - kicinta ugu weyn taariikhda Mareykanka. Ka dib toddobaadyo weeraro ah si ay uga fogaato jawaabtiisa gaabis ah, Trump wuxuu joojiyay maalgelinta Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka bishii Abriil. Bishii Abriil 2020, kooxaha ku xiran Jamhuuriga ayaa abaabulay mudaaharaadyo ka dhan ah qufulka oo looga soo horjeedo tallaabooyinka ay dowladaha gobolladu qaadayeen si ay ula dagaallamaan masiibada; Trump ayaa ku dhiirigeliyay mudaaharaadyada Twitter-ka , in kasta oo dawladaha la beegsaday aysan la kulmin tilmaamaha maamulkiisa ee dib u furitaanka. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u cadaadiyay hay'adaha caafimaadka federaalka inay qaadaan tallaabooyin uu doorbiday, sida oggolaanshaha daaweynta aan la xaqiijin. Bishii Oktoobar, Trump waxa la dhigay cusbitaalka Xarunta Caafimaadka Qaranka ee Walter Reed muddo saddex maalmood ah iyada oo uu jiro kiis daran oo ah COVID-19 ===Baaritaanada=== Ka dib markii uu la wareegay xafiiska, Trump wuxuu ahaa mawduuca kordhinta Waaxda Caddaaladda iyo kormeerka Kongareeska, iyada oo la baarayo ololihiisa doorashada, kala-guurka, iyo caleema saarka, tallaabooyinkii la qaaday intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa, ganacsigiisa gaarka ah , canshuuraha shakhsi ahaaneed, iyo aasaaska samafalka . Waxaa jiray toban baaritaan dembi oo federaal ah, siddeed gobol iyo baaritaanno maxalli ah, iyo laba iyo toban baaritaan oo kongareeska ah. Bishii Luulyo 2016, FBI waxay bilawday duufaanta Crossfire , baaritaan ku saabsan xiriirka suurtagalka ah ee ka dhexeeya Ruushka iyo ololaha Trump ee 2016. Kadib markii Trump uu shaqada ka eryay Comey bishii Maajo 2017, FBI-da ayaa furtay baaritaan labaad oo ku saabsan xiriirkii shakhsi ahaaneed iyo ganacsi ee Trump uu la yeeshay Ruushka . Bishii Janaayo 2017, saddex hay'adood oo sirdoon oo Mareykan ah ayaa si wadajir ah u sheegay "kalsooni sare" in Ruushku uu farageliyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump. Shaki badan xidhiidho ka dhexeeya saaxiibada Trump iyo saraakiisha Ruushka ayaa la ogaaday. Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Ruushka ee doorashada. Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah ayaa markii dambe loo wareejiyay baaritaanka qareenka gaarka ah ee Robert Mueller ; Baaritaanka ku saabsan xiriirka Trump iyo Ruushka waxaa soo afjaray ku xigeenka xeer ilaaliyaha guud Rod Rosenstein ka dib markii uu u sheegay FBI in Mueller uu sii wadi doono arrinta. Codsiga Rosenstein, baaritaanka Mueller wuxuu baaray arrimaha dambiyada "ee la xiriira faragelinta doorashada 2016 ee Ruushka". Mueller ayaa soo gudbiyay warbixintiisii ​​u dambaysay bishii March 2019. Warbixintu waxay ogaatay in Ruushku uu farageliyay 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump iyo in Trump iyo ololihiisii ​​ay soo dhaweeyeen oo ay dhiiri galiyeen dadaalka, laakiin caddaynta "ma aysan xaqiijin" in Ruushka ama xubnaha ololaha Trump ay abaabuleen. Trump waxa uu ku andacooday in warbixintaasi ay ka saartay isaga in kasta oo Mueller uu qoray in aanay taasi dhicin. Warbixintu waxay sidoo kale faahfaahisay carqaladaynta suurtagalka ah ee caddaaladda ee Trump, laakiin "ma aysan soo saarin gabagabada kama dambaysta ah" oo ka tagtay go'aanka lagu soo oogay sharciyada Congress-ka. Bishii Abriil 2019, Guddiga Kormeerka ee Aqalka ayaa soo saaray amar maxkamadeed oo ay ku raadinayaan faahfaahin maaliyadeed bangiyada Trump, Deutsche Bank iyo Capital One , iyo shirkaddiisa xisaabaadka, Mazars USA . Wuxuu dacweeyay bangiyada, Mazars, iyo guddoomiyaha guddiga Elijah Cummings si looga hortago in la shaaciyo. Bishii Maajo, laba garsoore ayaa xukuntay in Mazars iyo bangiyada labadaba ay tahay inay u hoggaansamaan amar-qaadista; . Qareennada Trump ayaa racfaan ka qaatay. Bishii Sebtembar 2022, Trump iyo guddiga ayaa ku heshiiyey heshiis ku saabsan Mazars, shirkadduna waxay bilowday inay wareejiso dukumentiyada. ===Eedaynta=== [[File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_(49498772251).jpg|thumb|Soo bandhigida cinwaanka "Trump waa la sii daayay" 2020]] Trump waxaa laba jeer xilka ka xayuubiyey aqalka Congress-ka, in kastoo aqalka senate-ka ay labada jeerba dambi ku soo oogeen. Xil ka qaadistii ugu horeysay ayaa ka dhalatay cabasho sir ah oo bishii Luulyo 2019 Trump ku cadaadiyay madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy inuu baadho Joe iyo Hunter Biden, isagoo isku dayaya inuu faa'iido ka helo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2020 . Bishii Disembar 2019, aqalku wuxuu u codeeyay in Trump lagu soo oogo ku takri fal awoodeed iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka , iyo Senatka ayaa dambi ku waayay Febraayo 2020. Xil ka qaadista labaad ayaa timid ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo ee Capitol, kaas oo aqalku uu Trump ku soo oogay in uu kiciyay kacdoon 13-kii Janaayo 2021. Trump ayaa xafiiska ka tagay 20-kii Janaayo, waxaana lagu sii daayay Febraayo 13. Todobo senate oo Jamhuuriya ayaa u codeeyay xukun. ===2020 doorashada madaxweynaha=== Trump wuxuu xareeyay inuu u tartamo dib-u-doorashada saacado yar uun ka dib markii uu noqday madaxweynaha 2017. Waxa uu qabtay isu soo baxkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee dib-u-doorashada wax ka yar bil ka dib markii uu xafiiska qabtay wuxuuna si rasmi ah u noqday musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga Agoosto 2020. Ololaha Trump wuxuu diiradda saaray dambiyada, isagoo ku andacoonaya in magaalooyinka ay hoos ugu dhici doonaan sharci-darro haddii Dimuqraadigu ku guuleysto doorashada. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u beeniyey boosaska Biden wuxuuna ka codsaday cunsuriyadda. Laga bilaabo horraantii 2020, Trump wuxuu abuuray shaki ku saabsan doorashada, isagoo ku andacoonaya caddayn la'aan in la musuqmaasuqi doono iyo in isticmaalka baahsan ee waraaqaha waraaqaha ay soo saari doonto khiyaamo doorasho oo ballaaran. Wuxuu xannibay maalgelinta Adeegga Boostada Mareykanka , isagoo sheegay inuu doonayo inuu ka hortago koror kasta oo ku yimaada codbixinta boostada. Wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu diiday inuu sheego inuu aqbali doono natiijada haddii laga guulaysto oo uu ballan qaado in si nabad ah xukunka loogu kala wareejiyo . ===Luminta Biden iyo diidmada natiijada=== Biden wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii November 2020, isagoo helay 81.3 milyan cod (51.3 boqolkiiba) Trump's 74.2 milyan (46.8 boqolkiiba ) iyo 306 codadka doorashada ee Trump 's 232 . subaxa ka dib doorashada. Maalmo ka dib, markii Biden la saadaaliyay in uu guulaysanayo, Trump waxa uu si aan sal iyo raad toona lahayn u eedeeyay musuqmaasuqa doorashada. Iyadoo qayb ka ah dadaalka lagu doonayo in lagu baabi'iyo natiijada , Trump iyo xulafadiisa ayaa gudbiyay dacwado badan oo ka dhan ah natiijooyinka , kuwaas oo ay diideen ugu yaraan 86 garsoore oo ka tirsan maxkamadaha gobolka iyo federaalka labadaba iyagoo aan lahayn wax xaqiiqo ah ama sharci ah. Eedeymaha Trump waxaa sidoo kale beeniyay saraakiisha doorashada ee gobolka, Maxkamadda Sare ayaa diiday in ay dhageysato kiis lagu codsanayo in la baabi'iyo natiijada afar gobol oo uu ku guuleystay Biden. Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u raadsaday caawimo si uu u rogo natiijooyinka, isaga oo shakhsi ahaan cadaadis saaraya Jamhuuriga maxalliga ah iyo kuwa haya xafiisyada gobolka, Sharci-dejiyaha Jamhuuriga, Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo Madaxweyne Ku-Xigeenka Pence, oo ku boorriyay ficillada sida beddelka cod-bixiyeyaasha madaxweynaha , ama in saraakiisha Georgia ay ku dhawaaqeen natiijada "dhammaan" Toddobaadyadii doorashada ka dib, Trump wuu ka baxay hawlihii guud. Waxa uu markii hore ka horjoogsaday saraakiisha dawladda in ay la shaqeeyaan Biden ee ku-meel-gaadhka madaxweynenimada . Saddex toddobaad ka dib, maamulaha Maamulka Adeegyada Guud wuxuu ku dhawaaqay Biden "guuleeyaha muuqda" ee doorashada, isaga oo u oggolaanaya bixinta agabka kala-guurka kooxdiisa. Inkastoo Trump uu sheegay in uu ku taliyay in GSA ay bilowdo hab-maamuuska kala-guurka, weli si rasmi ah uma uusan aqbalin. Trump kama uusan qeybgalin xafladdii Biden ee Janaayo 20. ===Janaayo 6-dii weerarkii Capitol=== Bishii Disembar 2020, waxaa soo baxay warbixino sheegaya in hoggaamiyeyaasha millatariga Mareykanka ay heegan sare ku jireen, saraakiisha darajo sarena ay ka wada hadleen waxa la sameeyo haddii Trump uu ku dhawaaqo sharciga dagaalka . Agaasimaha CIA Gina Haspel iyo General General Mark Milley , oo ah gudoomiyaha Taliyaasha Wadajirka ah ee Shaqaalaha , ayaa ka walaacsanaa in Trump uu isku dayo inqilaab ama tallaabo militari oo ka dhan ah Shiinaha ama Iran. Milley wuxuu ku adkaystay in lagala tashado amar kasta oo militari oo ka yimaada Trump, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka hubka nukliyeerka. [[File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_(50820534063)_(retouched).jpg|thumb|Dadweyne taageersan Trump intii uu weerarka socday]] Duhurnimadii Janaayo 6, 2021, iyadoo Congress-ka uu caddaynayay natiijada doorashada madaxtinimada ee Capitol US , Trump wuxuu ku qabtay isu soo bax ka dhacay Ellipse oo u dhow . Isagoo ka hadlayay gadaasha muraayad dhalo ah, wuxuu ku baaqay in doorashada la rogo wuxuuna ku booriyay taageerayaashiisa inay "la dagaalamaan sida cadaabta" oo "ay dib u soo ceshadaan waddankeena" iyagoo u socda Capitol. Taageerayaashiisa ayaa markaa sameeyay koox koox ah oo jebisay dhismaha , carqaladeeyay shahaadada waxayna sababtay daad-gureynta Congress-kaaIintii lagu guda jiray weerarka, Trump wuxuu ku dhajiyay baraha bulshada laakiin ma uusan weydiisan rabshado inay kala firdhiyaan. Qoraal uu soo dhigay bartiisa Twitter -ka 6-dii maqribnimo ayuu u sheegay in ay “Guryaha ku tagaan jacayl & nabad”, waxa uu ugu yeeray “wadani-weyn”, waxa uuna ku celiyay in uu ku guuleystay doorashada. Koongarasku mar dambe ayaa dib loo furay oo xaqiijiyay guushii Biden saacadihii hore ee Janaayo 7. In ka badan 140 booliis ah ayaa ku dhaawacmay, shan qofna way dhinteen intii uu socday ama ka dib weerarka. Dhacdadan ayaa lagu tilmaamay isku day afgambi oo uu sameeyay Trump. ==Inta u dhaxaysa madaxweynayaasha (2021-2025)== Markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ku noolaado Mar-a-Lago, isaga oo xafiis ka samaystay halkaas sida uu dhigayo sharciga madaxweynayaashii hore . Sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee sii socota ee ku saabsan doorashada 2020 waxaa caadi ahaan loogu yeeraa " beenta weyn " ee uu dhaleeceeyay, inkastoo May 2021, isaga iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa ay bilaabeen isticmaalka ereyga si ay u tixraacaan doorashada lafteeda. Xisbiga Jamhuurigu wuxuu u adeegsaday sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee ku saabsan doorashada si uu ugu caddeeyo soo rogida xannibaadaha codbixinta cusub ee ay ku jirto. Wuxuu sii waday inuu ku cadaadiyo sharci-dejiyeyaasha gobolka inay joojiyaan doorashada. Si ka duwan madaxweynayaashii hore ee kale, Trump wuxuu sii waday inuu xukumo xisbigiisa; profile 2022 ee New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay inuu yahay madaxa xisbiga casriga ah . Waxa uu sii waday lacag ururinta, isaga oo kor u qaaday xabad dagaal oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan laba jeer xisbiga Jamhuuriga, oo uu ka faa'iidaystay lacag ururinta musharaxiin badan oo Jamhuuri ah oo lagu qabtay Mar-a-Lago. Inta badan waxa uu diiradda saaray maamulka xisbiga iyo in uu xilal muhiim ah ka dhigo saraakiil isaga daacad u ah. Doorashadii xilliga dhexe ee 2022 , wuxuu taageeray in ka badan 200 oo musharraxiin ah oo u tartamaya xafiisyo kala duwan. Bishii Febraayo 2021, wuxuu diiwaangeliyay shirkad cusub, Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG), si ay u siiso "adeegyada isku xirka bulshada" macaamiisha Mareykanka. Bishii Maarso 2024, TMTG waxay ku biirtay shirkad soo iibsata ujeedo gaar ah oo Digital World Acquisition waxayna noqotay shirkad dadweyne . Bishii Febraayo 2022, TMTG waxay bilowday Truth Social , oo ah madal warbaahinta bulshada ah. ===Arrimaha sharciga=== Sannadkii 2019-kii, wariye E. Jean Carroll ayaa ku eedeeyay Trump inuu kufsaday 1990-meeyadii, wuxuuna ku dacweeyay sumcad-dil uu u geystay diidmadiisa. Carroll ayaa mar kale dacweeyay 2022 batari iyo sumcad dil dheeraad ah. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay xadgudub galmo iyo sumcad dil waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo $ 5 milyan hal kiis iyo $ 83.3 milyan kan kale. Maxkamadaha rafcaanka federaalku waxay taageereen natiijooyinkii iyo abaal-marintii Diseembar 2024 iyo Sebtembar 2025, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sannadkii 2022, New York waxay soo gudbisay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyada oo ku eedaysay inuu sare u qaaday qiimaha Ururka Trump si uu faa'iido uga helo bixiyeyaasha iyo bangiyada. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo ku dhawaad ​​$355 milyan oo lagu daray dulsaar. Bishii Agoosto 2025, maxkamadda rafcaanku waxay taageertay mas'uuliyadda Trump iyo ganaaxyada aan lacagta ahayn laakiin waxay meesha ka saartay ciqaabta lacageed oo xad dhaaf ah [[File:Classified_intelligence_material_found_during_search_of_Mar-a-Lago.jpg|thumb|Walax sirdoon oo sir ah ayaa la helay intii lagu jiray raadinta Mar-a-Lago]] Iyada oo la xidhiidha dadaalka Trump ee uu ku doonayo in uu ku joojiyo doorashada 2020 iyo ku lug lahaanshaha weerarkii January 6, December 2022 guddiga Aqalka Maraykanka ee weerarka ayaa soo jeediyay eedeymaha dambiyada ka dhanka ah isaga oo hor istaagay dacwad rasmi ah , shirqool lagu khiyaameeyay Maraykanka , iyo kicinta ama caawinta kacdoonka. Bishii Agoosto 2023, xeerbeegti weyn oo ku taal Fulton County, Georgia , ayaa ku soo oogtay 13 eedeymo, oo ay ku jiraan racketeering , dadaalkiisa uu ku doonayo inuu ku dumiyo doorashada 2020 ee gobolka. Bishii Janaayo 2022, Maamulka Kaydka iyo Diiwaanka Qaranka ayaa soo saaray 15 sanduuq oo dukumeenti ah oo Trump u qaaday Mar-a-Lago ka dib markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo qaarkood la sifeeyay. Baaritaankii Waaxda Caddaaladda ee xigay, mas'uuliyiintu waxay ka soo saareen dukumeentiyo sir ah oo badan oo qareenadiisa ah. Agoosto 8, 2022, wakiilada FBI waxay Mar-a-Lago ka baadheen dukumeenti si sharci darro ah loo haysto, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa jebinta sharciga basaasnimada , ururinta 11 dukumeenti qarsoodi ah, qaar sir sare leh. Xeer -beegti heer federaal ah oo uu sameeyay La-taliyaha Gaarka ah Jack Smith ayaa Trump ku soo oogay bishii Juun 2023 31 dacwadood oo ah "si ula kac ah u haynta macluumaadka difaaca qaranka" sida hoos timaada Xeerka Basaasnimada , iyo eedeymo kale. Trump wuu diiday dambiga. Bishii Luulyo 2024, garsoore Aileen Cannon ayaa meesha ka saaray kiiska , xukunka Smith magacaabistiisa xeer ilaaliye gaar ah wuxuu ahaa sharci darro. Bishii Maajo 2024, Trump waxaa lagu xukumay 34 dacwadood oo dembi ah oo ka been sheegay diiwaannada ganacsiga . Kiisku wuxuu ka yimid caddayn ah inuu ballansaday lacag-bixinnada lacagta-ka-soo-baxa ee Michael Cohen ee jilaa filimada qaangaarka ah ee Stormy Daniels sida kharashaadka ganacsiga si uu u daboolo eedeymihiisii ​​2006-2007 ee Daniels intii lagu jiray doorashadii 2016. Janaayo 10, 2025, xaakimku wuxuu siiyay Trump xukun ciqaab la'aan ah oo loo yaqaan siideyn shuruud la'aan ah, isagoo sheegay in shuruudaha ciqaabta ay faragelinayaan xasaanadda madaxweynaha. Ka dib markii dib loo doortay, kiiskii carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 iyo kiiskii dukumeentiyada qarsoodiga ahaa waa la eryay iyada oo aan la eedayn siyaasada Waaxda Cadaaladda ee ka dhanka ah dacwad qaadista madaxweynayaasha. ==2024 doorashada madaxweynaha== Bishii Noofambar 2022, Trump wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu u tartamayo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2024 wuxuuna abuuray akoon lacag ururin ah. Bishii Maarso 2023, ololuhu wuxuu bilaabay inuu u weeciyo boqolkiiba toban deeqaha hoggaankiisa PAC . Ololihiisu waxa uu bixiyay $100 milyan oo ku wajahan biilasha sharciga ah March 2024. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump wuxuu sameeyay hadallo rabshado wata oo isa soo taraya. Waxa uu sheegay in uu hubayn doono FBI-da iyo Waaxda Caddaaladda ee ka soo horjeeda siyaasaddiisa oo uu u adeegsado militariga si uu u beegsado siyaasiyiinta Dimuqraadiga ah iyo kuwa aan taageersanayn musharaxnimadiisa. Wuxuu adeegsaday hadallo ka daran oo bini'aadantinimada ka dhan ah intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa. Hadalkiisa, isaga oo ugu yeeraya mucaaradkiisa siyaasadeed "cadow", cayayaan, iyo faashiistaha, ayaa taariikhyahannada iyo aqoonyahannada qaarkood ku tilmaameen kalitalisnimo, faashiste oo ka duwan wax kasta oo musharax siyaasadeed uu waligiis ku sheegay taariikhda Mareykanka. Da'da iyo welwelka caafimaadka ayaa sidoo kale kacday intii lagu jiray ololaha, iyada oo dhowr khabiiro caafimaad ah ay muujinayaan kororka xamaasada, hadalka jilicsan iyo dabeecadda . Trump wuxuu xusay "doorasho la musuq-maasuqay" iyo "faragelin doorashada" ka hor iyo in ka badan intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016 iyo 2020 wuxuuna diiday inuu ballan qaado inuu aqbalo natiijada doorashada 2024. Falanqeeyayaasha New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay tan sida xoojinta "madaxyada aan ku guuleysto; dabo aad khiyaamayso" xeeladaha hadal; Wargeysku waxa uu sheegay in sheegashada doorashada lagu shubtay ay noqotay laf dhabarta ololaha. July 13, 2024, Trump ayaa dhegta lagu toogtay isku day dil oo ka dhacay isu soo bax olole oo ka dhacay magaalada Butler Township, Pennsylvania . Laba maalmood ka dib, Shirweynihii Qaranka ee Jamhuuriga ee 2024 ayaa u magacaabay musharaxa madaxweynenimo. Bishii Sebtembar, waa la bartilmaameedsaday laakiin waxba ma gaarin isku day dil oo Florida ka dhacay . Trump wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii Noofambar 2024 isagoo helay 312 codadka doorashada madaxweyne ku xigeenka Kamala Harris's 226. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku guuleystay codadka caanka ah 49.8% Harris' 48.3%. Guushiisa 2024 waxay qayb ka ahayd dib-u-dhac caalami ah oo ka dhan ah xisbiyada xilka haya, oo qayb weyn ka ah sicir bararka 2021-2023 . Dhowr xarumood ayaa ku tilmaamay dib u doorashadiisa soo laabasho aan caadi ahayn. ==Madaxweynaha labaad (2025- hadda)== [[File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_(2025)_(alternate).jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , waxaa maamula madaxa cadaalada John Roberts , Janaayo 20, 2025]] Trump wuxuu bilaabay markiisa labaad markii uu xilka qabtay Janaayo 20, 2025. Wuxuu noqday shaqsiga ugu da'da weyn ee qabta xilka madaxtinimo , madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee dambi culus lagu soo oogay, iyo qofkii labaad ee laba xilli oo aan isku xigta madaxweyne ka noqdo. Isku daygiisii ​​uu ku doonayay inuu ku balaadhiyo awoodda madaxweynaha iyo iska horimaadyada maxkamadaha ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay sifada qeexaysa xilligiisa labaad. ===Ficilada hore, 2025- hadda=== Markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, Trump waxa uu saxeexay amarro fulineed oo taxane ah . Qaar badan oo kuwan ka mid ah waxay tijaabiyeen awooddiisa sharci, waxayna soo saareen tallaabo sharci oo degdeg ah. Wuxuu soo saaray amaro fulineed ka badan maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne kasta. Afar maalmood oo ka mid ah xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad, falanqaynta uu sameeyay Time waxay ogaatay in ku dhawaad ​​​​saddex-meelood laba meelood ee ficilladiisa fulinta "muraayada ama qayb ahaan muraayadda" soo jeedinta Mashruuca 2025 . Toddobaadyadiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, dhowr ka mid ah ficilladiisa ayaa iska indhatiray ama ku xad-gudbay sharciyada federaalka, qawaaniinta, iyo Dastuurka sida ay qabaan culimada sharciga ee Mareykanka. Bishii ugu horreysay ee maamulkiisa, Trump wuxuu soo saaray sagaashan amar fulineed, qoraallo, iyo awaamiir. Waxa uu u adeegsaday dawladda si uu u beegsado dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda iyo ficilladiisa ka dhanka ah bulshada rayidka ah ayay khubarada sharciga iyo boqollaal saynisyahano siyaasadeed ku tilmaameen mid keli-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Awaamiirtiisa iyo ficilladiisa waxaa ka soo horjeestay in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo dalka oo dhan ah, iyada oo intooda badan ay weli u socdaan maxkamadaha July 2. ===Iskahorimaadyada xiisaha, 2025 - hadda=== Madaxtinimadii labaad ee Trump waxaa lagu tilmaamay in uu leeyahay ilaalin yar oo ka dhan ah iskahorimaadyada danaha marka loo eego kii ugu horreeyay, iyo jabinta tobannaan sano oo xeerarka anshaxa. Waxa uu sii waday shirkad si guud looga ganacsado oo ku taal Trump Media & Technology Group , wuxuuna u kala beddelay adeegyo maaliyadeed. Waxa uu daba galay heshiisyo cusub oo hanti ma guurto ah oo dibadda ah oo ay ku lug leeyihiin hay'ado dawladeed oo xidhiidh la leh, waxana uu lahaa dhawr shirkadood oo calaamadayn iyo shati bixin ah oo uu ku iibinayo badeecooyinka sumadda Trump. Waxa uu ka faa'iideystey xafladaha lagu qabto hoteeladiisa iyo koorsooyinkiisa golf-ka, hantidiisana ma gelin kalsooni indho-la'aan ah, sidii madaxweynayaashii hore ay yeeli jireen. Bishii Agoosto 2025, shaacinta qasabka ah ee Trump ee maalgashiga ayaa muujisay in, tan iyo markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, uu sameeyay 690 iibsasho curaarta degmada iyo saamiyada shirkadaha oo wadartoodu ay dhan tahay ugu yaraan $104 milyan. Waxaa ku jiray saamiyada shirkadaha ay saameeyeen isbeddelada uu ku sameeyay siyaasadaha federaalka. Trump waxa uu meesha ka saaray hab-raacii anshaxa ee maamulkii hore iyo fulinta sharciyada mamnuucaya laaluushka iyada oo aan la samayn hab-raacyo anshaxeed oo rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay dadka loo magacaabayo siyaasadda, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay la soo galeen maamulkiisa "liiska aan caadiga ahayn ee weyn ee isku dhacyada xiisaha leh". Waxa uu meesha ka saaray eedeymihii musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ahaa siyaasiyiintii xiriirka la lahaa isaga wuxuuna joojiyay dhaqangelinta sharciga mamnuucaya in shirkadaha ka shaqeeya Mareykanka ay laaluushaan dowlado shisheeye. Trump wuxuu bilaabay, dallacsiiyay, oo shakhsi ahaan uga faa'iidaystay laba calaamadood oo cryptocurrency ah ("qadaadiicda meme"), $ Trump iyo $ Melania. Waxa kale oo uu si toos ah uga faa'iidaystay qoyskiisa shirkadda cryptocurrency World Liberty Financial , taas oo ku hawlan isku-dhafka aan horay loo arag ee ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay iyo siyaasadda dawladda. Bishii Luulyo 2025, maamulka Trump wuxuu Qatar ka aqbalay $400 milyan diyaarad qaali ah si uu ugu adeego Air Force One ilaa dhamaadka xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad ka dibna loo wareejiyo maktabadiisa madaxtooyada. Dib u habeynta sida Air Force One ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay ku kacayso ilaa $1 bilyan. ===Joojinta guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka=== Trump wuxuu ka hirgaliyay shaqo joojinta guud ahaan dowladda federaalka wuxuuna amray in shaqada teleefoonka shaqaalaha federaalka lagu joojiyo 30 maalmood gudahood. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in dib u eegis lagu sameeyo jagooyin badan oo shaqaale rayid ah oo xirfadeed iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in dib loogu kala saaro boosaska la rabo iyada oo aan lahayn ilaalin shaqo. Waxa uu bilaabay joojinta shaqada guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka, oo ay ku tilmaameen khabiirada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag ama ku xad-gudbay sharciga federaalka, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo shaqaale si aad ah ula socda ajendihiisa. Dabayaaqadii Febraayo, maamulku waxa uu shaqada ka eryay in ka badan 30,000 oo qof. Si loo fududeeyo joojinta dheeraadka ah, waxay qaadatay tarjumaad sharci oo cusub oo si weyn u ballaarinaysa qaybaha iyo wakaaladaha loo arko inay haystaan ​​​​ammaanka qaranka shaqadooda aasaasiga ah, oo ku dhawaaqaya ururada shaqaalaha federaalka ee kala duwan "cadow". Amarka fulinta dabayaaqadii March ee ku salaysan tarjumaaddan ayaa ka saaray daraasiin waaxyo iyo wakaaladaha barnaamijyada xiriirka maamulka shaqada ee federaalka , taasoo ku kaliftay inay dacweeyaan si ay u buriyaan heshiisyadooda gorgortanka wadareed , kaas oo ka saari kara ilaalinta ururka hal milyan oo shaqaale federaal ah. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in la joojiyo kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) mashaariicda dawladda federaalka wuxuuna ku meeleeyay shaqaalaha xafiisyada DEI fasax. Waxa uu buriyay Amarka Fulinta ee Lyndon B. Johnson ee 1965 ee 11246 , kaas oo amrayay in qandaraaslayaasha federaalku ay qaadaan tallaabo cad oo lagu joojinayo takoorka jinsiyadeed. Waxtarka Trump iyo Elon Musk 's Department of Government waxay si weyn u burburiyeen dhowr hay'adood oo federaal ah oo ay ku jiraan USAID iyo Waaxda Waxbarashada , iyagoo keli ah shaqada ka eryay dhowr kun oo shaqaale ah, waxayna hoos u dhigtay hawlaha maamulka ilaa ugu yaraan sharci. Ficilada qaar, sida isku dayga lagu burburinayo Xafiiska Ilaalinta Maaliyadeed ee Macmiilka , waxaa hakiyay maxkamadaha federaalka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisu waxay isku dayeen inay keenaan hay'ado madax-bannaan oo taariikhi ah oo hoos yimaada laanta fulinta oo si toos ah u hoos timaada qaabab yar. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga, 2025- hadda=== Sida madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horeysay, Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u hareer maray Xafiiska Xeer Ilaaliyaha Cafiska . Waxa uu ku rakibay siyaasad daacad ah Ed Martin kaas oo ku tilmaamay sababta cafis loo bixiyo "Ma jiro MAGA ka tagay". Cafiskii Trump iyo deeqaha naxariista waxay door bideen xulafada siyaasadeed iyo kuwa daacadda u ah, oo si aan loo kala sooc lahayn loo cafiyay "kuwa xoogga badan, caanka ah, si fiican ugu xiran iyo maalqabeenada" ee lagu eedeeyay dambiyada cadaanka ah. Trump waxa uu cafis u fidiyay dhammaan 6-dii January rabshadihii lagu xukumay ama lagu soo oogay maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee xafiiska, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa si xun u weeraray booliiska, isaga oo cafiyay in ka badan 1,500 oo uu cafiyay xukunnada 14. ===Siyaasadda gudaha, 2025- hadda=== Trump wuxuu ka dhaxlay dhaqaale adkeysi leh maamulka Biden, kobaca dhaqaalaha, shaqo la'aanta yar, iyo sicir bararka hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu ku amray wakaaladaha in ay joojiyaan dhaqan gelinta xeerarka aan la jeclayn iyaga oo isku dayaya in si weyn loo xakameeyo taasoo khubarada sharcigu ay ku tilmaameen sharci-darro iyo lid ku ah tobanaan sano ee sharciga federaalka. Waxa uu raadiyay in dawladdu ay maamusho ganacsiyo gaar ah oo uu ka tago dhaqanka suuqa xorta ah ee muxaafidka ah , halkii uu doorbidi lahaa hanti-wadaaga dawladda isaga oo si toos ah u qaadanaya saamiga dawladda ee sinnaanta shirkadaha waaweyn ee Maraykanka. Trump wuxuu joojiyay oo joojiyay deeqihii federaalka wuxuuna sameeyay dhimis ballaaran oo cilmi baaris ah, kuwaas oo dhowr ka mid ah ay heleen garsoorayaasha iyo Xafiiska Xisaabtanka ee Dowladda inay yihiin sharci darro iyo dastuuri. Waxa uu kor u qaaday diidmada isbeddelka cimilada iyo macluumaadka khaldan, oo u magacaabay saliidda, gaasta, iyo kiimikooyinka u ololeeya EPA si ay u beddelaan xeerarka cimilada iyo xakamaynta wasakhowga. Trump wuxuu ku tiirsanaa ku dhawaaqida xaaladaha degdegga ah ee qaranka si uu u caddeeyo boqollaal ficil oo uu ka gudbo ansixinta kongareeska ama dib u eegista sharciga. Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo tamarta qaranka ah, taasoo u oggolaanaysa joojinta xeerarka deegaanka, dabcinta sharciyada soo saarista shidaalka iyo xaddididda mashaariicda tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo. Waxa uu bilaabay dib-u-eegis ku saabsan "sharciga iyo sii socoshada ku-dhaqanka" ee raadinta khatarta EPA , taas oo ah saldhigga ugu badan ee xeerarka federaalka ee gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo, oo mar kale ka baxay US Heshiiskii Paris ee isbedelka cimilada. Burburinta hay'adaha dawladda ee fulinaya sharciyada ka dhanka ah musuqmaasuqa siyaasadeed iyo khiyaanada cad, Trump wuxuu hoos u dhigay Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Waaxda Cadaaladda Dadweynaha 30 ilaa shan qareen, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay 17 kormeerayaal madax -bannaan oo ka tirsan hay'adaha dawladda iyo 12 xubnood oo ka tirsan hay'adaha kormeerka madax-bannaan ee 7 iyo kormeerayaasha Xafiiska FBI-da ee Washington oo baaray eedeymaha musuqmaasuqa iyo musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ah saraakiisha dowladda iyo xubnaha Congress-ka. Wuxuu cafiyay ama laalay eedeymaha ka dhanka ah saraakiisha lagu eedeeyay musuqmaasuq. Trump wuxuu u aaneeyay dhibaatooyinka bulshada kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) hindisayaasha iyo baraarugga . Isbarbardhigga kala duwanaanshaha iyo karti-darrada, wuxuu beddelay siyaasadihii kala-duwanaanshaha ee dawladda federaalka. Waxa uu damcay in uu dib ugu sameeyo bulshada rayidka ah dookhiisa amarka fulinta. On DEI iyo nacaybka nacaybka, wuxuu u hanjabay hay'adaha dhaqanka iyo lixdan jaamacadood, wuxuuna ku qasbay shirkadaha sharciga inay u hoggaansamaan ajandihiisa siyaasadeed. Trump ayaa balaariyay adeegsiga gudaha ee ciidamada wuxuuna amray in la geeyo magaalooyin dhowr ah oo xisbiga Dimuquraadiga uu hogaamiyo , wuxuuna ku hanjabay inuu sii balaarin doono howlgalladiisa. ===Siyaasadaha ka-hortagga LGBTQ+=== Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadii labaad, Trump wuxuu bilaabay olole dagaal oo ka dhan ah LGBTQ + iyo gaar ahaan siyaasadaha ka-hortagga jinsiga ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba, oo maamulkiisu u soo bandhigay sidii wax looga qaban lahaa " fikirka jinsiga ". Siyaasadahan waxay doonayeen inay baabi'iyaan aqoonsiga federaalka ee dadka transgender-ka ah, ka xayuubinta dadka transgender ilaalinta sharciga iyo in laga tirtiro aqoonsiga trans ee nolosha guud. Iyadoo loo marayo amarro fulineed oo isdaba-joog ah iyo ficilo kale, maamulkiisu wuxuu si adag u qeexay jinsiga si adag bayoolooji dhalashada, laga mamnuucay dadka ka soo jeeda milatariga, xaddidan ama la daboolay daryeelka caafimaadka jinsiga, oo ka soo horjeeda luqadda loo dhan yahay , cilmi-baaris iyo agab waxbarasho oo faafreeb ah, iyo bartilmaameedyada dugsiyada, jaamacadaha, iyo xarumaha fikradda. Tallaabooyin dheeri ah ayaa ka mamnuucay ciyaartooyda transgender-ka ciyaaraha, helitaanka baasaboor xaddidan, waxayna sii hurisay dadaallada caalamiga ah ee lagu wiiqayo xuquuqda trans. Waxaa weheliya hadallo muujinaya dadka ka beddelka jinsiga inay yihiin khatar bulsho, siyaasadahani waxay kiciyeen caqabado sharciyeed oo baahsan, cambaarayn ka timid kooxaha xuquuqul insaanka, iyo kor u kaca socdaalka iyo sheegashooyinka magangelyo ee ay qabaan dadka isku jinsiga ah ee Maraykanka ah ===Hal Xeer Bill Qurux Badan=== Bishii Luulyo 2025, Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Sharcigu waxa uu ka dhigay dhimista cashuurta cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada 2017 mid joogto ah waxana uu ku daray cashuur dhimis dheeraad ah oo dhan ku dhawaad ​​$4.5 trillion, inta badan ka faa’iidaysanaysa dakhliga ugu sarreeya oo dadka ku kaca dakhliga ugu hooseeya $1,600 sanadkii; kordhinta dhaqaalaha difaaca qaranka, masaafurinta, darbiga xuduudka, iyo gaashaanka gantaalaha; lagana saaray cashuurtii laga qaadi lahaa mashaariicda tamarta nadiifka ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo ilaha tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo sida dabaysha iyo tamarta cadceedda iyo kuwa iibsada baabuurta korontada. Sharcigu wuxuu jaray maalgelinta Medicaid iyo SNAP wuxuuna ku daray shuruudo shaqo oo dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay u-qalmitaanka iyo $35 lacag-bixineed ee adeegyada Medicaid qaarkood; dhimista iyo shuruudaha dheeraadka ah ayaa dhaqan galaya ka dib doorashada guud ee 2026. Sharciga waxaa saadaaliyay Xafiiska Miisaaniyadda Kongareeska inuu ku kordhiyo dhimista miisaaniyada $3.4 trillion marka la gaaro 2034, sababa 11.8 milyan oo qof inay lumiyaan caymiska Medicaid, iyo meesha laga saaro dheefaha SNAP ee seddex milyan oo qof. ===Socdaalka, 2025- hadda=== Maalmihiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump waxa uu ku amray ilaalada xuduudaha in ay si kooban u tarxiilaan soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee ka soo gudbaya xadka, isaga oo curyaamiyay barnaamijka CBP One ee loo isticmaalay in lagu jadwaleeyo xuduudaha. Waxa uu dib u bilaabay hadhaagii siyaasadda Mexico , waxa uu kooxaha daroogada u magacaabay kooxo argagixiso ah, waxana uu amray in dib loo bilaabo dhismaha darbiga xuduudka. Hawlgallada masaafurinta ayaa marka hore diiradda saaray "liiska bartilmaameedka" ee dambiilayaasha la sameeyay ka hor xilliga labaad ee Trump. Kadibna maamulkiisu wuxuu meesha ka saaray magangelyo codsadayaasha ku guul daraystay inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha, waxay laashay xaaladda sii-daynta sharafeed ee muhaajiriinta ku soo galay US iyadoo la raacayo CBP One iyo CHNV sii-daynta sharafeed bini'aadantinimo, waxay isku dayeen inay ka saaraan dhalashada dhalashada , waxayna hakiyeen Barnaamijka Ogolaanshaha Qaxootiga . Bishii Maarso, wuxuu u adeegsaday Xeerka Cadawga Shisheeyaha ee 1798 si uu u xidho muhaajiriinta sharci darrada ah maxkamad la'aan -mid ka mid ah "khalad maamul" iyo inta badan iyada oo aan lahayn diiwaannada dambiyada -Xarunta Xakamaynta Argagaxisada ee El Salvador. Wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha , muhaajiriinta sharciga ah, dalxiisayaasha, iyo ardayda fiisaha leh kuwaas oo muujiyay dhaleeceynta siyaasaddiisa ama u doodista Falastiiniyiinta. Dhowr muwaadiniin Maraykan ah ayaa la xidhay oo la tarxiilay . ===Siyaasadda Dibadda, 2025- hadda=== Muddadii labaad ee Trump siyaasaddiisa arrimaha dibadda waxaa siyaabo kala duwan loogu sifeeyay Imperialist , balaarin , go'doomiye , iyo autarkist , iyadoo adeegsanaysa fikradda " America First " oo ah asaaskeeda. Maamulkiisu wuxuu door biday awood adag si uu u gaaro yoolalka siyaasadda dibadda, wuxuuna burburiyay ama ka laabtay taageerada ururada gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee u heellan horumarinta awoodda jilicsan ee Maraykanka . Dhaqdhaqaaqyada ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay hoos u dhigayaan saamaynta Maraykanka ee caalamiga ah iyo abuurista bannaan ay buuxiyeen Ruushka iyo Shiinaha . Xidhiidhka Trump ee xulafada waxa uu ahaa macaamil ganacsi oo u dhexeeyay danayn la'aan ilaa cadaawad, oo ay ku jiraan hanjabaad ku darida. Bishii Febraayo 2025, Trump iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka Vance waxay ku dhaleeceeyeen madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy kulan muran badan dhaliyay oo telefishinka laga sii daayay. Warbaahinta ayaa ku tilmaantay iska hor imaad aan hore loo arag oo dhex maray madaxweyne Maraykan ah iyo madax ajnabi ah . Trump iyo maamulkiisa imaan doona ayaa gacan ka geystay dhexdhexaadinta xabbad joojinta dagaalka Gaza oo ay weheliyaan maamulka Biden, oo la dhaqan galiyay maalin ka hor caleema saarkiisa. Bishii Maarso, Israa'iil waxay jebisay xabbad-joojintii . Siyaasadaha dhaqaalaha ee Trump ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo ilaalinaya , iyadoo Trump uu ku soo rogay canshuuraha dalalka intooda badan, oo ay ku jiraan canshuuraha waaweyn ee la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga ee Shiinaha, Canada, iyo Mexico. Wuxuu bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo caalami ah , isagoo ku soo rogay canshuuro heerkii ugu sarreeyay tan iyo 1930kii Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act ee bilawga diiqada weyn . Dhaqaale-yahannadu waxay ku doodeen in maamulku uu si khaldan u fahmay xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhimista ganacsiga iyo canshuuraha, iyaga oo isticmaalaya fikrado khaldan. Narendra Modi ayaa ka falceliyay 50 boqolkiiba tacriifta Trump ee soo dejinta Hindiya isaga oo sii xoojinaya xiriirka Shiinaha. Wuxuu hakiyay tabarucaadkii dhaqaale ee Maraykanku siin jiray Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka . ===Garsoorka, 2025 – hadda=== Garsoorayaasha federaalku waxay u arkeen qaar badan oo ka mid ah falalka maamulka inay yihiin sharci-darro. Ka dib dib-u-dhac xagga sharciga ah, Trump wuxuu kordhiyey dhaleeceynta garsoorka wuxuuna ku baaqay in la soo oogo garsoorayaasha federaalka ee isaga ka soo horjeeday. Wuxu u hanjabay, saxeexay tallaabooyinka fulinta, waxaanu amray in baadhitaan lagu sameeyo dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda, dhaleecaynta, iyo ururrada la safan Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga. Bartamihii Luulyo, falanqaynta Washington Post waxay ogaatay inuu ka soo horjeestay garsoorayaasha iyo maxkamadaha qiyaastii saddex meelood meel dhammaan kiisaska isaga ka dhanka ah, falalka ay ku tilmaameen khubarada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag maamul kasta oo madaxweyne ah. ( 654 ) Diidmada amarada maxkamada iyo sheegashadiisa xaq u lahaanshaha maxkamadaha waxay cabsi galisay khubarada sharciga qalalaasaha dastuuriga ah . Falanqaynta badan oo ay sameeyeen aqoonyahanno akadeemiyadeed iyo The New York Times waxay ogaadeen in labada garsoore ee Jamhuuriga iyo Dimuqraadigu ay heleen cillado badan oo dastuuri ah iyo qaanuuneed oo leh siyaasadaha maamulka Trump. Maamulkiisu wuxuu caddeeyey xuquuq dastuuri ah oo ah inuu iska indhatiro sharciga federaalka isagoo sabab uga dhigaya dhowr tallaabo sida diidmadiisa inuu dhaqan geliyo mamnuucista federaalka ee TikTok , iyada oo khubarada sharciga ay ku tilmaameen inay tahay "awood dastuuri ah oo lagu tallaalayo dhinacyada gaarka ah inay ku kacaan falal kale oo sharci darro ah iyada oo aan la ciqaabin". Waxa kale oo uu ku hawlanaa beegsiga aan hore loo arag ee shirkadaha sharciga iyo qareennada oo hore u matalay jagooyin lid ku ah naftiisa. ==Dhaqan siyaasadeed iyo hadal-hayn== Laga soo bilaabo ololihiisii ​​2016, siyaasadda Trump iyo hadal-hayntiisa ayaa horseeday abuuritaanka dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo loo yaqaan Trumpism. Mawqifkiisa siyaasadeed waa populist ,oo si gaar ah loogu tilmaamay populist garabka midig . Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inuu aqbalay xag-jirnimada midigta-fog , wuxuuna ka caawiyay inuu keeno fikradaha iyo ururrada midigta fog ee guud ahaan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisa iyo hadalladiisa ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Trump waxa uu ku riixay balaadhinta awoodda madaxweynanimada iyada oo la raacayo tafsiir maxalli ah oo ku saabsan aragtida fulinta midaysan . Saldhiggiisa siyaasadeed waxa la barbar dhigay cibaadaysi shakhsiyeed . Hadalka Trump iyo ficilkiisa ayaa lagu eedeeyay in uu abuuray oo uu uga sii daray cadhada iyo kalsooni darada iyada oo la adeegsanayo sheeko "annaga" iyo "iyaga" . Wuxuu si cad oo joogto ah u dhaleeceeyaa jinsiyadda, diinta, iyo qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay, iyo culimadu waxay si joogto ah u ogaadaan in nacaybka jinsiyadeed ee ku saabsan madowga, soogalootiga, iyo Muslimiinta ay yihiin saadaalinta ugu fiican ee taageerada Trump. Hadaladiisa waxa lagu tilmaamay in uu isticmaalay cabsi-cabsi iyo maangaabnimo taas oo sii xoogaysatay ololihiisii ​​madaxtinimada ee 2024 . Wuxuu sheegay inuu rumaysan yahay in awoodda dhabta ahi ay ka timaad cabsi. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Alt-right ayaa isku duubay oo taageeray musharaxnimadiisa, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay qayb ka mid ah diidmada dhaqamada kala duwan iyo socdaalka . Waxa uu leeyahay rafcaan xooggan oo loogu talagalay codbixiyayaasha Masiixiyiinta ah ee wacdiya iyo waddaniyiinta Masiixiyiinta ah , iyo dibad-baxyadiisa waxay qaataan calaamadaha, odhaahda, iyo ajandaha waddaniyadda Masiixiyiinta. Trump waxa uu sidoo kale u adeegsaday shuuci ka soo horjeeda hadaladiisa, isaga oo si joogta ah ugu yeeraya kuwa ka soo horjeeda " Communists " iyo " Marxists ===Aragtida jinsiyadeed iyo jinsiga=== Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinka iyo ficillada Trump ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsurinimo. Ra'yi ururin qaran oo 2018 ah, qiyaastii kala badh ka mid ah jawaab bixiyaasha ayaa sheegay inuu yahay cunsuri; in badan oo ka mid ah waxay aaminsanaayeen in uu ku dhiirraday cunsuriyiinta. Dhowr daraasadood iyo sahanno ayaa lagu ogaaday in dabeecadaha cunsuriyadu ay kiciyeen siyaasadiisa siyaasadeed oo ay aad uga muhiimsan yihiin arrimaha dhaqaalaha ee lagu go'aaminayo daacadnimada codbixiyayaasha Trump. Dabeecadaha cunsuriyiinta iyo Islaam nacaybka ayaa ah tilmaamo xooggan oo muujinaya taageerada Trump. Waxaa lagu eedeeyay cunsurinimo isagoo ku adkeystay koox ka kooban shan dhalinyaro madow iyo Latino ah inay kufsadeen haweeney caddaan ah kiiska 1989 Central Park jogger , xitaa ka dib markii laga saaray 2002. Sannadkii 2011-kii, Trump waxa uu noqday hoggaamiyihii hormoodka u ahaa fikradda shirqoolka cunsuriga ah ee "dhalasho" ee ah in Barack Obama, madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee madow ee Mareykanka, uusan ku dhalan Mareykanka. Waxa uu ku andacooday in uu ku cadaadiyay dawladda in ay daabacdo warqadda dhalashada Obama, taas oo uu u arkay in ay tahay khiyaano. Waxa uu qiray in Obama uu ku dhashay Maraykanka bishii Sebtembar 2016, inkasta oo la sheegay in uu si gaar ah u muujiyay aragtida dhalashada ee 2017. Intii lagu jiray ololihii doorashada 2024, wuxuu sameeyay weeraro been abuur ah oo ka dhan ah aqoonsiga jinsiyadeed ee ka soo horjeeda, Kamala Harris, kaas oo lagu tilmaamay inay xasuusinayaan fikradda shirqoolka dhalashada. Ololihiisii ​​2024 waxa uu si weyn u adeegsaday luqadda bini'aadantinimada ka-hortagga ah iyo fikradaha jinsiyadeed . Sannadkii 2025, wuxuu kor u qaaday sheegashooyinka beenta ah ee xasuuqa cadaanka ah ee Koonfur Afrika wuxuuna abuuray barnaamijka qaxootiga ee Koonfur Afrika . Trump ayaa caado u ah inuu dumarka xaqiro marka uu la hadlayo warbaahinta iyo baraha bulshada. Wuxuu sameeyay faallooyin xunxun, wuxuu naqdiyay muuqaalka dumarka, wuxuuna u tixraacay iyaga oo isticmaalaya ereyo sharaf leh. Laga bilaabo 2020, 26 dumar ah ayaa si fagaare ah ugu eedeeyay anshax-xumo galmo , oo ay ku jiraan kufsi, dhunkasho ogolaansho la'aan, xoqid, fiirinta goonnada haweenka hoostooda, iyo ku lugaynta tartamayaasha qaan-gaarka ee qaawan. Eedeymahaas wuu diiday. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, 2005 " murafoon kulul " ayaa soo baxay isaga oo ku faanaya dhunkashada iyo dhunkashada haweenka iyaga oo aan raalli ka ahayn, isaga oo leh, "Markaad xiddig tahay, waxay kuu oggolaadaan inaad sameyso. Wax kasta waad sameyn kartaa ... Ku qabo feerka . " Waxa uu faallooyinka ku tilmaamay "hadal-qol-badel". Dhacdadan oo si baahsan u soo bandhigtay warbaahinta ayaa keentay raaligelintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee dadweynaha, oo la duubay intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxweynaha 2016. ===Isku xirka rabshadaha iyo dembiyada nacaybka=== Trump ayaa loo aqoonsaday in uu fure u yahay kordhinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee Mareykanka, isaga oo ka dhan ah iyo mid ka dhan ah. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu ku qanacsan yahay xagjirnimada, aragtiyaha shirqoolka sida Q-Anon , iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada xagjirka ah ee midigta fog ilaa xad ka weyn madaxweyne kasta oo Maraykan ah oo casri ah, iyo ku lug lahaanshaha argagixisannimada stochastic . Cilmi-baaristu waxay soo jeedinaysaa in hadalka Trump uu la xiriiro kororka dhacdooyinka dembiyada nacaybka, iyo in uu leeyahay saameyn xoog leh oo ku saabsan muujinta dabeecadaha nacaybka ah sababtoo ah sida caadiga ah ee ereyada jinsiyadeed ee cad. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2016, wuxuu ku booriyay ama ammaanay weerarrada jireed ee ka dhanka ah dibad-baxayaasha ama wariyeyaasha. Eedeysaneyaal badan oo lagu baaray ama lagu soo oogay falal rabshado wata iyo dambiyada nacaybka ayaa soo xigtay hadalladiisa isagoo ku doodaya inaysan ahayn dambiile ama ay tahay inay helaan dabacsanaan. Dib u eegis dalka oo dhan ay samaysay ABC News bishii Maajo 2020 ayaa lagu aqoonsaday ugu yaraan 54 kiis oo danbi ah, laga bilaabo Agoosto 2015 ilaa Abriil 2020, kaas oo loogu yeedhay xidhiidh toos ah oo rabshado ama hanjabaado rabshado ah oo inta badan ay geystaan ​​ragga cadaanka ah iyo ugu horrayn ka dhanka ah dadka laga tirada badan yahay. Diidmada Trump ee ah in uu cambaareeyo kooxda cadaanka ah ee Proud Boys intii lagu jiray dooddii madaxweynenimada ee 2020 iyo faallooyinkiisii, "Wiilasha sharafta leh, istaaga oo garab istaaga", ayaa la sheegay in ay keentay in la kordhiyo shaqaaleysiinta kooxda Trump. Cilmi-baarayaasha la-dagaalanka argagixisanimada ayaa ku tilmaamay taariikhdiisa caadiga ah iyo dib-u-eegistiisa ee Janaayo 6 weerarkii Capitol, iyo bixinta naxariista dhammaan Janaayo 6 rabshad-wadayaasha , sida dhiirigelinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee mustaqbalka. ===Aragtiyo shirqool=== Tan iyo ka hor madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu kor u qaaday fikrado badan oo shirqool ah, oo ay ku jiraan Obama "dhalashada", diidmada isbedelka cimilada , iyo faragelinta Ukraine ee lagu eedeeyay doorashadii Mareykanka . Kadib doorashadii madaxweynaha ee 2020, wuxuu kor u qaaday fikradaha shirqoolka ee guuldaradiisa kuwaas oo lagu sifeeyay " beenta weyn ===Hadalo been ah ama marin habaabin ah=== [[File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png|thumb|Xaqiiq-baarayaasha ka socda Washington Ku dhaji , Toronto Star , iyo CNN waxay soo ururiyeen xog ku saabsan "dacwooyin been ah ama marin-habaabin ah" (asalka orange) iyo "sheegashada beenta ah" (violet foreground).]] Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u sheegaa hadalo been abuur ah oo uu ku jiro hadalo fagaare ah, ilaa xad aan horay loo arag siyaasada Mareykanka . Beentiisu waa qayb gaar ah oo ka mid ah aqoonsigiisa siyaasadeed waxaana lagu tilmaamay inay tahay dab-damis . Hadaladiisa beenta ah iyo marin habaabinta ah waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin-hubi , oo ay ku jiraan The Washington Post , kaas oo 30,573 been abuur ah ama been abuur ah oo uu sameeyay intii lagu jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horreeyay, oo sii kordhaya waqti ka dib. Qaar ka mid ah been-abuurka Trump waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan faa'iido lahayn, halka kuwa kalena ay lahaayeen saameyn aad u fog, sida dhiirrigelintiisa aan la hubin ee dawooyinka ka hortagga duumada sida daaweynta COVID-19, taasoo keentay yaraanta Maraykanka ee daawooyinkan iyo iibsashada argagaxa ee Afrika iyo Koonfurta Aasiya. Macluumaad kale oo khaldan, sida si khaldan loogu sheegay kororka dambiyada England iyo Wales "fidinta argagixisada xagjirka ah", waxay u adeegtay ujeedooyinkiisa siyaasadeed ee gudaha. Weeraradiisa waraaqaha waraaqaha boostada iyo dhaqamada kale ee doorashada ayaa wiiqay kalsoonida dadweynaha ee hufnaanta doorashada madaxweynaha 2020, halka xog-warrankiisa ku saabsan masiibada uu dib u dhigay oo uu wiiqay jawaabta qaranka ee ku wajahan. Caadiyan kama cudur daarato beentiisa. Ilaa 2018, warbaahintu marar dhif ah ayay beentiisa ugu yeertay been, oo ay ku jirto markii uu ku celceliyay hadallo been abuur ah. ===Baraha bulshada=== Joogitaanka baraha bulshada ee Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha caalamka kadib markii uu ku biiray Twitter-ka sanadkii 2009. Waxa uu si isdaba joog ah u soo dhigayay ololihiisii ​​2016-kii iyo intii uu madaxweyne ahaa ilaa Twitter-ka uu mamnuucay ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo. Wuxuu inta badan isticmaali jiray Twitter si uu si toos ah ula xiriiro dadweynaha oo uu u leexiyo saxaafadda; ee 2017, xoghayntiisa saxaafadda ayaa sheegay in tweets- kiisa uu ka kooban yahay bayaannada rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2024 iyo madaxweynanimada labaad wuxuu si joogta ah u dhajiyay waxyaabo AI-soo saaray naftiisa sida astaanta dhaqanka pop-ka ama muhaajiriinta ku jeesjeesa. Ka dib sanado badan oo dhaleecayn ah oo loogu ogolaaday Trump in uu ku dhejiyo macluumaad khaldan iyo been abuur, Twitter ayaa bilaabay in uu ku dhejiyo qaar ka mid ah tweetskiisa hubinta xaqiiqda May 2020. Isagoo ka jawaabaya, wuxuu sheegay in shabakadaha warbaahinta bulshada "gebi ahaanba aamusin" muxaafidka oo uu "si adag u xakameyn doono, ama xidhi doono". Kadib weerarkii Janaayo 6, waxaa laga mamnuucay Facebook , Instagram , Twitter, iyo aalado kale. Luminta joogitaankiisa warbaahinta bulshada ayaa hoos u dhigtay awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu qaabeeyo dhacdooyinka oo la xidhiidha hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid mugga macluumaadka khaldan ee Twitter. Bishii Feebaraayo 2022, waxa uu bilaabay bar-kulanka bulshada ee Truth Social halkaas oo uu ku soo jiitay qayb ka mid ah Twitterkiisa. Elon Musk , ka dib markii uu helay Twitter , wuxuu dib u soo celiyay akoonkiisa Twitter bishii Noofambar 2022. Mamnuucidda labada sano ee Meta Platforms ayaa dhacay Janaayo 2023, taas oo u ogolaatay inuu ku laabto Facebook iyo Instagram. ===Xiriirka saxaafadda=== [[File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg|thumb|Isagoo saxaafadda la hadlaya, March 2017]] Trump waxa uu raadiyay dareenka warbaahinta intii uu ku jiray xirfadiisa, isaga oo ilaalinaya xidhiidhka "jacaylka iyo nacaybka" ee uu la leeyahay saxaafadda. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ka faa'iideystey qaddarka rikoorka ah ee warbaahinta xorta ah, oo lagu qiyaasay $ 2 bilyan. Musharrax ahaan iyo madaxweyne ahaan, wuxuu si joogta ah ugu eedeeyay saxaafadda eexda, isaga oo ku tilmaamay "warbaahinta wararka been abuurka ah" iyo " cadowga dadka ". Madaxtinimadii ugu horreysay ee Trump ayaa hoos u dhigtay war-bixinnada rasmiga ah ee saxaafadda ee boqolkii 2017 ilaa kala badh taas 2018 iyo laba 2019; waxa ay sidoo kale kala noqdeen sharcigii saxaafadeed ee laba wariye oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo ay maxkamaduhu dib u soo celiyeen. Trump's 2020 ol'olihii madaxtinimo wuxuu dacweeyay New York Times , Washington Post , iyo CNN ka dib markii uu aflagaadeeyay qaybo ra'yi ah oo ku saabsan mawqifkiisa faragelinta doorashada Ruushka. Dhammaan dacwadihii waa la diiday. Sannadkii 2024, Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u muujiyay taageerada uu ku mamnuucayo diidmada siyaasadeed iyo dhaleeceynta, wuxuuna sheegay in weriyeyaasha waa in lagu dacweeyaa si aanay u sheegin ilo qarsoodi ah iyo shirkadaha warbaahintu waa inay suurtogal tahay inay lumiyaan shatiyadooda baahinta wararka aan fiicnayn ee isaga. Markii dib loo doortay, Trump wuxuu bilaabay dacwooyin wuxuuna abuuray liis madow oo ka dhan ah warbaahinta qaar, wuxuuna la wareegay nidaamka ay wadaan ururka saxafiyiinta Aqalka Cad si uu u doorto xarumaha ay galaangal u leeyihiin. Halkii loo hoggaansami lahaa amarka maxkamadda ee lagu soo celin lahaa gelitaanka Associated Press , Aqalka Cad wuxuu sameeyay siyaasad xaddidan oo la heli karo dhammaan adeegyada siligga. Guddiga Isgaarsiinta Federaalka ayaa bilaabay baaritaanno lagu sameeyo xarumaha warbaahinta ee lagu eedeeyay eex isaga ka dhan ah. Natiijadii hanjabaadda Trump, madaxda warbaahinta waxay ku amreen saxafiyiinta iyo shaqaalahooda inay is-faafreebaan oo ay yareeyaan dhaleeceynta Trump, iyo CBS waxay isku raaceen inay abuuraan Ombudsman si ay ula socdaan kanaalada wararka si ay xididdada ugu siibaan "eex" CBS News. Bishii Luulyo 2025, wuxuu dacweeyay wargeyska Wall Street Journal daabacaadda sheeko la xiriirta saaxiibtinimadiisii ​​hore ee dembiilaha galmada ee Jeffrey Epstein , taasoo calaamad u ah markii ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne fadhiya uu dacweeyo urur warbaahineed eedeymo sumcad dil ah. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== ===Qoyska=== 1977, Trump wuxuu guursaday Ivana Zelníčková . Waxay lahaayeen saddex carruur ah: Donald Jr. (b. 1977), Ivanka (b. 1981), iyo Eric (b. 1984). Lammaanaha ayaa is furay 1990-kii, ka dib markii uu xiriir la yeeshay moodelka iyo atariishada Marla Maples . Isaga iyo Maples waxay guursadeen 1993 waxayna is fureen 1999. Waxay leeyihiin hal gabadh, Tiffany (b. 1993), oo Maples ku kortay California. Sannadkii 2005, wuxuu guursaday moodelka Slovenia Melania Knauss . Waxay leeyihiin hal wiil, Barron (b. 2006). ===Xiriirka Jeffrey Epstein=== Trump waxa uu saaxiibtimo 15 sano ah la lahaa Jeffrey Epstein ; Dadkii markaas yaqaannay waxay sheegeen inay si joogta ah u garaaci jireen oo ay u tartami jireen dumarka. Dareenka warbaahinta iyo cadaadiska dadweynaha ayaa kordhay 2025, markii maamulkiisu uusan sii dayn faylasha la xidhiidha Epstein , inkastoo Trump uu ballanqaaday inuu sidaas samaynayo intii lagu jiray ololaha 2024. ===Caafimaadka=== Trump waxa uu sheegay in aanu waligii cabbin khamri, sigaar cabin, ama aanu isticmaalin daroogo. Wuxuu seexdaa qiyaastii afar ama shan saacadood habeenkii. Waxa uu golfing ugu yeedhay "qaabka jimicsiga aasaasiga ah", laakiin inta badan ma socdo koorsada. Wuxuu u arkaa jimicsigu inuu yahay tamar tamar sababtoo ah wuxuu aaminsan yahay in jirku yahay "sida batteriga oo kale, oo leh qadar xaddidan oo tamar ah", kaas oo lagu dhammeeyo jimicsiga. Sannadkii 2015, ololahiisu wuxuu sii daayay warqad ka timid dhakhtarkiisii ​​gaarka ahaa ee Harold Bornstein , isagoo sheegay inuu " noqon doono shakhsiga ugu caafimaadka badan ee abid loo doorto madaxweynaha". Sannadkii 2018, Bornstein wuxuu sheegay in Trump uu amar ku bixiyay nuxurka warqadda iyo in saddex ka mid ah wakiillada Trump ay qabsadeen diiwaankiisa caafimaad bishii Febraayo 2017 ee xafiiska Bornstein. ===Diinta=== Trump wuxuu sheegay 2016 inuu ahaa Presbyterian iyo Protestant . Sannadkii 2020, wuxuu sheegay inuu yahay Masiixi aan diin-nabi ahayn . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar badan ayaa su'aal ka keenay qoto dheeraanta xiriirka diimeed. Baadhitaan la sameeyay intii lagu guda jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee Trump (2017-2021) ayaa muujisay in boqolkiiba 63 dadka Maraykanku aanay rumaysnayn in uu diin yahay, inkasta oo uu aaminsan yahay in uu Masiixi yahay, boqolkiiba 44 oo keliya dadka Maraykanka ah ayaa aaminsan in Trump uu yahay Masiixi. Qaar ka mid ah faallooyinka Trump ee Kitaabka Qudduuska ah ama dhaqanka Masiixiga ayaa horseeday in dadka indha indheeya ay soo jeediyaan in aqoonta uu u leeyahay Masiixiyadda ay tahay mid maqaar-saar ah ama khalad ah, qaar yar oo taariikh-nololeed ah ayaa ku tilmaamay Trump mid qoto dheer ama xitaa diineed. Waqtigiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu u magacaabay wadaadkiisa gaarka ah iyo lataliyaha ruuxiga ah, milyaneer teleefaanjiste Paula White-Cain , Xafiiska Xiriirka Dadweynaha ee Aqalka Cad . Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad, wuxuu u magacaabay lataliyeheeda sare Xafiiska cusub ee rumaysadka ee Aqalka Cad . ==Qiimaynta== ===Sawirka dadweynaha=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee Trump, laga bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2020, qiimeynta oggolaanshaha caalamiga ah ee hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos uga dhacday 22 boqolkiiba ra'yi ururin Gallup ee 134 waddan ilaa 16 boqolkiiba - oo ka hooseeya Shiinaha Xi Jinping iyo Vladimir Putin ee Ruushka - ee Pew Research ra'yi ee 13 waddan. Sannadka 2017, qiyaasta hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos u dhacday inta badan xulafada. Gudaha, xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu lahaa taageerada ugu weyn ee xisbiyada: 88 boqolkiiba Jamhuuriga iyo 7 boqolkiiba Dimuqraadiyiinta. Codbixintii Gallup ee 2021, wuxuu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan waligii gaadhin 50 boqolkiiba oggolaanshaha, wuxuuna ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aan la magacaabin ee loogu riyaaqay sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska. Muddadii labaad ee rubuciisii ​​​​hore sida uu qabo Gallup, oggolaanshaha Trump wuxuu ahaa 45 boqolkiiba - xoogaa ka wanaagsan xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, oo aad uga hooseeya celceliska boqolkiiba 60 ee madaxweynayaasha kale. Taageeradu waxa ay ahaan jirtay mid aan kala fogayn; Waxa uu helay oggolaanshaha boqolkiiba 90 ee Jamhuuriga, 37 boqolkiiba madax-bannaanida, iyo boqolkiiba 4 ee Dimuqraadiyiinta. Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad wuxuu sidoo kale arkay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid ra'yiga dadweynaha caalamiga ah ee Maraykanka ===Qiimaynta cilmiga=== Ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee Trump, taariikhyahanadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen Trump inuu yahay madaxweynihii afraad ee ugu xumaa sahanka C-SPAN ee 2021 ee taariikhyahannada madaxtooyada. Waxa uu ku qiimeeyay kuwa ugu hooseeya qaybaha sifooyinka hogaaminta ee awooda akhlaaqda iyo xirfadaha maamulka. Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Siena College 's 2022 sahanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay kan saddexaad. Waxa uu ku jiray kaalmaha ugu hooseeya dhammaan qaybaha marka laga reebo nasiibka, rabitaanka khatarta, iyo hoggaanka xisbiga, waxaanu ka galay kaalinta ugu dambeeya dhowr qaybood. 2018 iyo 2024, xubno ka tirsan Ururka Sayniska Siyaasadda Mareykanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay madaxweynaha ugu xun. ==Xusuusin== a:Bilowgii markii Trump uu saddex sano jirsaday, aabbihii waxa uu siin jiray mid kasta oo carruurtiisa ka mid ah $6,000 sannadkii, lacagta ugu badan ee la oggol yahay iyada oo aan la gelin cashuur hadiyadeed. Si looga fogaado cashuuraha, Fred waxa uu ka dhigay mulkiilayaal laba ka mid ah dhismooyinkiisa guri, isaga oo bixinaya midkiiba $13,928 kirada sannad kasta b:Later , 2015, wuxuu ugu hanjabay dugsigiisa sare, kulliyadaha, iyo Guddiga Kulliyadda tallaabo sharci ah haddii ay sii daayaan diiwaankiisa waxbarasho. C:UPenn's 1968 barnaamijka bilawga ah wuxuu ku taxayaa Trump inuu helay shahaadada koowaad ee Sayniska ee Dhaqaalaha oo aan ahayn qaataha Sharafta Tacliinta d:Kadib Trump waxa uu ku dayan doonaa Peale's Awooda Fikirka Toosan ee Farshaxanka Heshiiska e:Doorashada madaxweynahaee Maraykanka waxaa go'aamiya kulliyadda doorashada Gobol kastaa wuxuu magacaabayaa tiro codbixiyeyaal ah oo la mid ah matalaadda Congress-ka iyo (gobollada intooda badan) dhammaan cod-bixiyayaashu waxay u codeeyaan cidda ku guulaysata codbixinta caanka ah ee gobolkooda. f:Madaxweyne Jamhuuri ah oo ay weheliyaan Jamhuuriga gacanta ku haysa labada gole ee Congress-ka g:CBS kama helin wax diiwaan ah oo dambi ah 75% dadka Venezuela ee la xiray. h: 2025, Pew Research waxay ogaatay dad ku nool dalal badan (12 ka mid ah 20 iyo 4 xiriir) waxay u arkeen Shiinaha inuu yahay dhaqaalaha ugu horreeya adduunka. ==Tixraac== [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html "Michael Cohen ayaa sheegay in Trump uu u sheegay in uu ugu hanjabay iskuulada in aysan sii deynin darajooyinka"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/politics/donald-trump-roy-cohn.html "Muxuu Donald Trump Ka Bartay Ninka Gacanta Midig Ee Joseph McCarthy] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo Kharashka Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka: Addenda et Corrigenda] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo sida Burburiyaha Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka] [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/donald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship "Sidee Donald Trump iyo Roy Cohn's arxan la'aanta Symbiosis u beddeshay Ameerika"] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/jun/21/hillary-clinton/yep-donald-trumps-companies-have-declared-bankrupt/ "Haa, shirkadaha Donald Trump waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay kiciyeen...in ka badan afar jeer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html "Trump waxa uu ku hawlanaa qorshayaal cashuureed oo laga shakisan yahay isaga oo ka guranaya maalkii Aabihiis"] [https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel "Taariikhda dabaylaha ah ee mashruucii ugu horeeyey ee hantida maguurtada ah ee Manhattan ee Donald Trump"] {{Wayback|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel |date=20211009191253 }} [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father "Sheekada beenta ah ee Trump wuxuu ku dhisay boqortooyadiisa 'amaah yar' oo uu ka helay aabihiis"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html "Trump, New Yorker inta nool, wuxuu naftiisa ku dhawaaqay inuu yahay degane Florida"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html "Trump's Plaza Hotel Planruptcy Plan waa la ansixiyay"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html "Trump waxa uu ka iibinayaa Hotel Plaza maalgashadayaasha Sucuudiga iyo Aasiya"] [https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-irs-audit-chicago-hotel-taxes "Hanti-dhawrka IRS ee Trump wuxuu ku kacayaa kharash ka badan 100 milyan oo doolar" Madaxweynihii hore] [https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ "Xaqiiqda ku saabsan kor u kaca iyo dhicitaanka Donald Trump ee Boqortooyada Atlantic City"] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ "Markii Afraad ee Soojiidashada: Sida Donald Trump Uga Sameeyey Fasaxa Isaga] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html "Wax kasta oo ku dhacay qoorta Trump? Way dhammaatay. Sidoo kale waa inta badan boqortooyadii ganacsiga ee Trump"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Toban sano oo Casaanka ah: Tirooyinka Canshuurta ee Trump ayaa muujinaya in ka badan $ 1 bilyan oo khasaare ganacsi ah"] [https://cnn.com/2016/08/22/politics/donald-trump-activist-investor/ "Xilligii Gordon Gekko: Donald Trump ee faa'iidada iyo wakhtiga muranka badan ee maal-galiye firfircoon"] [https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think "Waa maxay sababta uu Donald Trump u leeyahay xiddiga caanka ah ee caanka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee? Ma aha sababta aad u maleyneyso "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-donald-trump-retooled-his-charity-to-spend-other-peoples-money/2016/09/10/da8cce64-75df-11e6-8149-b8d05321db62_story.html "Sida Donald Trump uu dib ugu habeeyey hay'addiisa samafalka si uu u isticmaalo lacagta dadka kale"] [https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/18/media/vince-mcmahon-donald-trump-payments/index.html "Baaritaanno lagu sameeyay lacag-bixinnada xannibaadda ee Vince McMahon ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay soo saareen deeqaha samafalka ee Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html "Trump Foundation waxay amartay inay joojiso lacag ururinta xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee NY"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest "Donald Trump si uu u kala diro aasaaskiisa samafalka ka dib markii ay sii kordhayaan cabashooyinka"] [https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 "Madaxweyne Donald Trump waxa uu amray in uu bixiyo $2M si loo ururiyo hay'adaha aan macaash doonka ahayn taas oo qayb ka ah dacwadda madaniga ah"] [https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12 "Taariikhda dheer ee Trump ee Deutsche Bank waxay hadda noqon kartaa xarunta baaritaanka Robert Mueller"] [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christophermassie/theres-hours-of-audio-of-donald-trumps-nationally-syndicated "Waxaa jira saacado maqal ah oo ah Bandhigga Raadiyaha Qaranka ee Donald Trump's Syndicated 2000-meeyadii"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ "Sida warbaahinta muxaafidka ahi ula wareegayso xisbiga Jamhuuriga"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/02/04/trump-resigns-screen-actors-guild/ "Iyadoo uu wajahayo cayrinta, Trump wuxuu iska casilayaa xubinnimada jilayaasha shaashadda: 'Waxba iima aadan sameynin'] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ "Bush wuxuu yidhi Trump wuxuu ahaa Dimuqraadi in ka badan Jamhuuriga" tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay'] [https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/donald-trump-was-once-a-registered-democrat-and-party-donor-why-did-he-jump-ship/wj85mj5yq "Donald Trump mar wuxuu ahaa deeq bixiye dimuqraadi ah iyo xisbi, haddaba muxuu markabka u booday?"] [https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/ "Donald Trump wuxuu u tartamay madaxweyne sannadkii 2000 dhowr xisbi oo dib u habayn ah] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race "Donald Trump wuxuu ku guuldarreystay inuu ka baxo tartanka doorashada madaxtinimada Mareykanka ee 2012"] [https://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489476187/trump-s-second-amendment-comment-fit-a-pattern-of-ambiguous-speech "Khudbada muranka badan dhalisay ee Donald Trump inta badan way socotaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/ "Su'aalaha Trump wuxuu u baahan yahay NATO, wuxuu qeexayaa siyaasadda dibadda ee aan dhexdhexaad ahayn"] [https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ "Donald Trump wuxuu jebiyey taariikhda dhow isagoo aan soo celin canshuur celinta"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Donald Trump Waxa Uu Qiray In Aanu Bixin Cashuuraha Dakhliga Dowladda Dhexe Muddo Sanado Ah"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html "Tiro taariikhi ah oo codbixiyeyaal ah ayaa xumaaday, waxaana intooda badan loo malaynayaa inay u codeeyaan Clinton"] [https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ "Guusha Trump tusaale kale oo ku saabsan sida Kuliyada Doorashada ay u guuleysato ayaa ka weyn codadka dadweynaha"] [https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience "Donald Trump wuxuu noqon doonaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee Maraykanka ee aan lahayn khibrad siyaasadeed iyo mid milatari"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html "Dacwad ku saabsan xadgudubyada Emoluments Trump waxay kasbatay soo jiidashada maxkamadda"] [https://cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/emoluments-supreme-court-donald-trump-case/ "Maxkamadda sare waxay meesha ka saartay kiisas ka dhan ah Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-donation-salary-white-house/2021/07/29/07723234-efd9-11eb-bf80-e3877d9c5f06_story.html "Trump ma raacay ballan qaadkiisii ​​ahaa in uu ku deeqayo 6-dii bilood ee ugu dambeysay mushaarkiisa madaxtinimo? Waa wax qarsoon"] [https://www.citizensforethics.org/reports-investigations/crew-reports/trump-likely-benefited-from-13-6-million-in-payments-from-foreign-governments-during-his-presidency "Trump waxay u badan tahay inuu ka faa'iidey $13.6 milyan oo ay bixiyeen dowlado shisheeye intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/08/trump-jobs-record/ "Trump wuxuu lahaan doonaa rikoodhkii ugu xumaa ee shaqooyinka taariikhda casriga ah ee Maraykanka. Kaliya maaha masiibada"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html "Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka 2017-kii inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Moscow ee doorashada Mareykanka"] [https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ "Xidhiidh badan oo badan, badan, badan, xiriir badan ayuu Donald Trump la leeyahay Ruushka"] {{Wayback|url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |date=20170228022233 }} [https://www.9news.com.au/world/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-investigation-started-with-alexander-downer-interview/16121e23-bdfc-4f32-9822-e4a7f841e3e4 "Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah: Baadhitaanka Trump ee Ruushka ayaa ka bilaabmay waraysiga Alexander Downer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/us/politics/trump-russia-justice-department.html "Xafiiska Cadaaladda. Weligaa si buuxda uma baarin xiriirka Trump ee Ruushka, saraakiishii hore ayaa yiri "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/30/trump-briefly-acknowledges-that-russia-aided-his-election-falsely-says-he-didnt-help-effort/ "Trump wuxuu si kooban u qirayaa in Ruushku gacan ka geystay doorashadiisa - wuxuuna si been abuur ah u sheegay inuusan gacan ka geysan dadaalka"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/328637/last-trump-job-approval-average-record-low.aspx "Oggolaanshaha shaqada ee Trump ee u dambeeyay 34%; Celceliska waa Rikoor-hoosee 41%"] [https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ "Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee la doortay ee Maraykanka oo aan loo magacaabin ninka loogu jecel yahay Maraykanka sannadkiisii ​​ugu horeeyay"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/655955/trump-inaugural-approval-rating-historically-low-again.aspx "Qiimaynta Ansixinta Daahfurka ee Trump waa mid taariikhiyan mar kale hooseysa"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/11/opinion-of-us-has-worsened-in-countries-around-world-in-last-year-survey-shows "Fikirka Mareykanka ayaa ka sii daray dalalka adduunka sannadkii hore, sahan ayaa muujinaya"] [https://www.c-span.org/presidentsurvey2021/ "Sahaminta Taariikhyahanada Madaxweynaha 2021"b] [https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/trump-cspan-president-ranking-497184 "Trump wuxuu ku soo baxay kaalinta 41-aad ee qiimeynta madaxtinimo ee C-SPAN"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/06/30/presidential-rankings-2021-cspan-historians/ "Taariikhyahanadu waxay kaliya doorteen madaxweynayaasha. Trump ma ahayn kii ugu dambeeyay"] [https://scri.siena.edu/2022/06/22/american-presidents-greatest-and-worst/ "Madaxweynayaasha Mareykanka: kan ugu weyn uguna xun"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/19/opinion/how-does-trump-stack-up-against-the-best-and-worst-presidents.html "Fikirka: Sidee buu Trump uga soo horjeedaa kuwa ugu fiican - iyo kan ugu xun - madaxweynayaasha?"] [https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1232447088/historians-presidents-survey-trump-last-biden-14th "Sahanka maalinta madaxweynayaasha taariikhyahanada, Biden vs. Trump maaha wicitaan dhow"]{{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] g4j55a2m68e45pu5o6nvhij3vmnb8hl 299716 299715 2026-06-27T09:16:22Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Siyaasada Arimaha Dibada */ Fixed grammar 299716 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald John Trump''' (wuxuu dhashay [[Juun]] [[14]], 1946) waa siyaasi [[Mareykan]] ah, shaqsi warbaahin ah, iyo ganacsade ah madaxweynaha 47-aad ee Mareykanka . Xubin ka tirsan Xisbiga Jamhuuriga , wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynihii [[45]]-aad ee [[2017]] ilaa 2021. {{Infobox officeholder | image = Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. THIS IS the new official portrait. See the talk page. --> | alt = Sawirka rasmiga ah ee Madaxweynaha 2025, Donald Trump, oo ah nin caddaan ah oo da’ ah, timo huruud khafiif ah leh, xirta surwaal iyo jaakad buluug ah oo leh surwaal laabta ah, taagan hortiisa calanka Maraykanka. | caption = Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2025. | order = 45aad & 47aad <!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] Waxay lahayd isfaham daciif ah oo lagu sii hayo xaaladda hadda jirta (ma jiro xiriir/ilaha lagu tixraaco).--> | office = Madaxweynaha Maraykanka | vicepresident = [[JD Vance]] | term_start = January 20, 2025 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Joe Biden]] | successor = | vicepresident1 = [[Mike Pence]] | term_start1 = January 20, 2017 | term_end1 = January 20, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Barack Obama]] | successor1 = Joe Biden | birth_name = Donald John Trump | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}} | birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]], U.S. | death_place = | party = [[Xisbiga Jamhuuriga (Mareykanka)|Jamhuuriyaan]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–Hadda) | otherparty = {{ubl | [[Xisbiga Dib-u-habaynta ee Mareykanka|Dib-u-habayn]] (1999–2001) | [[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga (Mareykanka)|Dimuqraadiga]] (2001–2009) | [[Siyaasi madax banaan|Madax banaan]] (2011–2012)}} | spouse = {{ubl | {{marriage|[[Ivana Trump|Ivana Zelníčková]]|1977|1990|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|1993|1999|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]]|2005}} }} | children = {{hlist | [[Donald Trump Jr. |Donald Jr.]] | [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] | [[Eric Trump|Eric]] | [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] | Barron }} | parents = {{ubl | [[Fred Trump]] | [[Mary Anne MacLeod]]}} | relatives = [[Qoyska Trump]] | education = [[Jaamacadda Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Shahaadada Sayniska|BS]]) | occupation = {{hlist | Siyaasi | Ganacsade | Shaqsiga warbaahinta }} | residence = [[Aqalka Cad]] | awards = | signature = Donald Trump (Presidential signature).svg | signature_alt = Saxeexa Donald J. Trump oo qaab farshaxan leh, lagu qoray khad. | website = {{ubl | {{URL|donaldjtrump.com|Campaign website}} | {{URL|trumplibrary.gov|Presidential library}} | {{URL|whitehouse.gov|White House website}} | {{URL|trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov|White House archives}} }} | module = {{Listen voice | filename = Donald Trump speaks on declaration of Covid-19 as a Global Pandemic by the World Health Organization.ogg | description = Trump oo ka hadlay bayaanka [[Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka|Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka]] [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 oo ah cudur faafa caalami ah]] | recorded = Maarso 11, 2020 }} }} Waxa uu ka dhashay qoys qani ah oo ku nool magaalada New York, Trump waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay jaamacadda Pennsylvania [[1968]]-dii isaga oo shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaatay cilmiga dhaqaalaha. Waxa uu noqday madaxweynaha ganacsiga hantida ma-guurtada ah ee qoyskiisa 1971-kii, waxa uu u bixiyay ururka Trump , waxa uuna bilaabay in uu helo oo dhiso dhismayaal dhaadheer, hoteello, casinos, iyo koorsooyin golf. Waxa uu bilaabay ganacsiyo dhinac ah, qaar badan oo shati siinaya magaca Trump, waxana uu xareeyay lix shil oo ganacsi 1990-meeyadii iyo 2000-meeyadii. Laga soo bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2015, wuxuu martigeliyay bandhigga telefishanka dhabta ah ee Tababbarka , isagoo xoojiyay caannimadiisa bilyaneer. Isaga oo isu soo bandhigaya siyaasad dibadda ka ah, Trump ayaa ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016-kii oo uu kula tartamay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary klinton . Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu soo rogay xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah toddobo waddan oo Muslimiin u badan, wuxuu ballaariyay darbiga xuduudka Mexico iyo Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaqan geliyey siyaasadda kala fogeynta qoyska ee xadka. Waxa uu dib u rogay xeerarkii deegaanka iyo ganacsiga, waxa uu saxeexay cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada , waxaanu magacaabay saddex garsoore oo Maxkamadda Sare ah. Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, Trump wuxuu ka saaray Mareykanka heshiisyada cimilada, ganacsiga iyo barnaamijka Nukliyeerka Iran, wuxuuna bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo uu la galo Shiinaha . Isaga oo ka jawaabaya masiibada COVID-19 laga soo bilaabo 2020, wuxuu hoos u dhigay darnaantiisa, wuxuu khilaafay saraakiisha caafimaadka, wuxuuna saxiixay Sharciga CARES . Ka dib markii uu lumiyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2020 ee Joe Biden , Trump wuxuu isku dayay inuu baabi'iyo natiijada , isagoo ku dhamaaday weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol 2021. Waxaa lagu riday 2019 ku takrifal awood iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka, iyo 2021 kicin kicin; guurtidu way ku wayday labada jeerba. 2023, Trump waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay kiisaska madaniga ah ee xadgudubka galmada ( Faylasha Epstein )iyo sumcad-dilista iyo khiyaanada ganacsiga . Waxaa lagu helay dambi ah inuu ka been abuuray diiwaannada ganacsiga 2024, taasoo ka dhigtay inuu noqdo madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Mareykan ah oo lagu helo dambi. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2024 ee Kamala Harris , waxaa lagu xukumay siidayn ciqaab la'aan ah , iyo laba eedeymo dambiile ah oo ka dhan ah haynta dukumentiyada sirta ah iyo carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 ayaa la eryay iyada oo aan eex lahayn. Kiis rafaad ah oo la xidhiidha doorashada 2020 ee Joorjiya waa la sugayaa. Trump wuxuu bilaabay madaxweynanimadiisii ​​labaad isagoo bilaabay shaqo ka cayrin ballaaran oo lagu sameeyay shaqaalaha federaalka . Wuxuu ku soo rogay canshuuraha ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan wadamada heerka ugu sarreeya tan iyo diiqada weyn wuxuuna saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Tallaabooyinka maamulkiisa - oo ay ku jiraan cabsi gelinta mucaaradka siyaasadeed iyo bulshada rayidka ah , masaafurinta soogalootiga, beegsiga dadka jinsiga ah, iyo isticmaalka ballaaran ee amarada fulinta - waxay soo saareen in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo ka soo horjeeda sharcinimadooda . Kiisaska caanka ah waxay hoosta ka xariiqeen tafsiirkiisa ballaadhan ee aragtida fulinta ee midaysan waxayna keentay khilaaf weyn oo lala galo maxkamadaha federaalka. Garsoorayaasha ayaa wax badan oo ka mid ah maamulkiisa ku tilmaamay kuwo sharci darro ah, waxaana dhowr jeer lagu tilmaamay kuwo aan sharciga waafaqsanayn. Laga soo bilaabo 2015, qaabka hoggaamineed ee Trump iyo ajandihiisa siyaasadeed - oo inta badan loo yaqaan Trumpism - ayaa wax ka beddelay aqoonsiga xisbiga Jamhuuriga. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinkiisa iyo ficilladiisa ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsuri ama caqli-xumo, wuxuuna sameeyay hadallo been abuur ah ama marin-habaabin ah wuxuuna kor u qaaday aragtiyaha shirqoolka heer aan horay looga baran siyaasadda Mareykanka. Tallaabooyinka Trump, gaar ahaan markiisa labaad, ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay ahaayeen kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geystay dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ka dib, aqoonyahanno iyo taariikhyahannadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen inuu yahay mid ka mid ah madaxweynayaashii ugu xumaa taariikhda Mareykanka Eedayno badana Waxa Loogu Soo jeediyay Dagaalkii Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan Iyo Difaaciisi Israa'iil iyo Carabta Bariga dhexe . ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== [[File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg|thumb|Akadeemiyada Militariga ee New York , 1964]] Donald John Trump waxa uu ku dhashay June 14, 1946, waxa uu ku dhashay cisbitaalka Jamaica ee ku yaala degmada New York ee degmada Queens , waana ilmihii afraad ee Fred Trump iyo Mary Anne MacLeod Trump . Waa Jarmal iyo Iskotish. Wuxuu ku koray walaalihiis ka weyn, Maryanne , Fred Jr. , iyo Elizabeth, iyo walaalkiis ka yar, Robert , oo ku yaal guri 23-qol ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Jamaica Estates ee Queens. Fred Trump wuxuu caruurtiisa siin jiray midkiiba $20,000 sanadkii, una dhiganta $265,000 sanadkii 2024. Trump wuxuu ahaa milyaneer doolarka sicir-bararka lagu hagaajiyay markuu siddeed jir ahaa. Trump wuxuu dhiganayay dugsiga gaarka loo leeyahay ee Kew-Forest ilaa fasalka toddobaad. Wuxuu ahaa ilmo dhib badan, wuxuuna muujiyay xiisaha hore ee ganacsiga aabihiis. Aabihii waxa uu ka diwaan galiyay New York Military Academy , dugsi boodhin ah oo gaar loo leeyahay, si uu u dhamaysto dugsiga sare. Akadeemiyadda ayaa ku riixday ardayda ciyaaraha isboortiga. waxayna bareen muhiimada guusha. Dugsigii sare, darajooyinkiisu way fiicnaadeen ilaa celceliska B. Trump wuxuu tixgeliyey xirfad ganacsi oo muujinaya, laakiin halkii, si uu ugu dhawaado guriga, wuxuu iska diiwaan geliyay Jaamacadda Fordham 1964. Waxa uu ka qaybqaatay barnaamijka Tababarka Saraakiisha Kaydka ah intii lagu jiray sannadkiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, isagoo dhiganayay fasallo ku labisan dharka ciidamada Arbacada kasta, laakiin wuxuu tuuray sannadkiisii ​​labaad. Wuxuu tuuray kubbadda cagta seddex ama afar usbuuc ka dib wuxuuna ahaa kubbadda cagta dhexdhexaad ah iyo ciyaartoy tennis ah. Asxaabtiisa Fordham waxay ku bareen golf. Sannadkiisii ​​yaraa, wuxuu u wareegay Dugsiga Wharton ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania , inta badan wuxuu u safri jiray xafiiska aabbihiis maalmaha fasaxa ah, wuxuuna ka qalin jabiyay Maajo 1968 oo uu ka qaatay shahaadada Sayniska ee dhaqaalaha. Kulliyadda ma ahayn ardaygii ugu sarreeyay ee uu mararka qaarkood sheegan jiray. Waqtigii uu aaday Wharton-halkaas oo uusan ka muuqan liiska kuwa hela abaalmarinta - wuxuu isha ku hayay xirfad ku taal hantida maguurtada ah. Waxa laga reebay qabyo-qoraalka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Vietnam sababtoo ah sheegashada lafaha cidhibtiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee shan sano oo uu ku jiray dugsiga milatariga, wax dan ah uma lahayn inuu dagaal galo. Koritaanka, wuxuu tixgeliyey aabbihiis iyo wadaadka qoyska, Norman Vincent Peale , inuu noqdo lataliyeyaashiisa. Aabihiis wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu yahay "boqor" iyo inuu yahay "dilaaye". Peale wuxuu ku wacdiyey isku kalsoonida sida dhiirigelinta barwaaqada. ==Xirfad ganacsi== ===Hanti ma guurto ah=== Laga bilaabo 1968, Trump waxa uu ka shaqaaleysiiyay Maareynta Trump, shirkadda aabbihiis ee hantida maguurtada ah, taas oo maamusha dhismayaasha dabaqyada dhexe ee Fred uu ka dhisay Queens , Staten Island , iyo Brooklyn . Hawlihiisa ugu muhiimsan waxay ahaayeen ururinta kirada iyo hagaajinta ilaa shan sano. Isagoo soo jiidasho leh iyo qaninimadiisa, Trump wuxuu ka codsaday aabihiis inuu ku ballaariyo Manhattan halkaas oo qiimihiisu sarreeyo, laakiin aabihiis ayaa ku qanacsanaa xaafadaha dibadda. 1971, wuxuu u guuray Manhattan halkaas oo uu qorsheeyay inuu u guuro ganacsiga wuxuuna u socdaalay xafiiska aabihiis. Sannadkaas, aabihiis wuxuu naftiisa ka dhigay guddoomiye iyo madaxweyne Trump, isaga oo kormeeraya 48 shirkadood oo gaar ah iyo 15 iskaashiga qoyska. Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ururka Trump u isticmaalo dalad ahaan magacyada shirkadaha ganacsi ee aabihiis. Roy Cohn , saamaynta hore ee Trump ee ugu muhiimsan aabihiis ka dib, wuxuu ahaa hagaajintiisa , qareenka, iyo lataliye. sannadihii 13 ee 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii. Cohn wuxuu baray Trump inuu u maleeyo in noloshu tahay macaamil ganacsi. 1973, Cohn wuxuu ka caawiyay Trump inuu ka soo horjeesto dawladda Mareykanka $ 100 milyan (oo u dhiganta $ 708 milyan 2024. eedeymaha ah in guryaha Trump ay takooreen codsadeyaasha madow iyo kireystayaasha. Eedihii Trump waa la laalay, waxaana kiiskii dawladda lagu dhameeyey Trumps oo saxeexay amar oggolaansho oo oggolaaday in meesha laga saaro. Afar sano ka dib, Trumps ayaa mar kale wajahay maxkamadaha markii lagu helay inay diidaan wareegtada. Caawinta mashaariicda Trump, Cohn wuxuu ahaa consigliere kaas oo isku xirka Mafia ay gacanta ku hayaan ururrada dhismaha. Sannadkii 1979-kii, Cohn wuxuu Trump u soo bandhigay la-taliyaha siyaasadda Roger Stone , kaasoo qoray adeegyada Stone si uu ula macaamilo dowladda federaalka. Trump waxa uu ka guuray istuudiyaha isaga oo u guuray guri guri leh oo aragti ah waxa uuna helay shatiga dilaalnimada guryaha bartamihii 1970-meeyadii. Kahor da'da soddon sano, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaankiisa dacwadda, iyada oo aan loo eegin natiijada iyo kharashka; xitaa markii laga badiyay, wuxuu kiiska ku tilmaamay guul. In ka badan soddon sano laga soo bilaabo 2018, Trump wuxuu ku lug lahaa in ka badan 4,000 oo dacwado ah, deymo, iyo faylalyo kale, oo inta badan loo xareeyay lacag la'aan isaga oo ka soo horjeeda shaqaalaha, qandaraaslayaasha, dilaaliinta guryaha, iyo qareenadiisa. Intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009 , Trump wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix ka mid ah ganacsigiisa: Plaza Hotel ee Manhattan, casinos ee Atlantic City, New Jersey , iyo Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts company. Sannadkii 1992, Trump, walaalihiis Maryanne, Elizabeth, iyo Robert, iyo ina-adeerkiis John W. Walter waxay samaysteen All County Building Supply & Maintenance Corp, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay 20 boqolkiiba. Shirkaddu ma lahayn xafiisyo waxaana lagu eedeeyay inay ahayd shirkad qolof ah oo bixisa bixinta adeegyada iyo saadka guryaha kiraynta Trump, ka dibna biilasha adeegyadaas iyo sahayda Maamulka Trump u dhigma 20-50 boqolkiiba iyo ka badan. Milkiilayaasha ayaa wadaagay dakhliga ka soo xarooday calaamaduhu. Kharashka la kordhiyey waxa loo isticmaalay in lagu helo ogolaanshaha gobolka ee kordhinta kirada unugyadiisa kirada-degan. Bishii Janaayo 1994, walaalaha waxay samaysteen Apartment Management Associates waxayna la wareegeen khidmadaha maaraynta ee ay hore u qaadi jirtay Maamulka Trump. Sidoo kale sicir-bararka kirada, qorshayaasha ayaa u adeegay in lagu wareejiyo hantida Fred Trump caruurtiisa iyo adeerka oo hoos loo dhigo culeyska canshuurta. ===Manhattan iyo Chicago horumarka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_with_model_of_Television_City.jpg|thumb|1985-kii oo wata moodal ka mid ah mashruuciisii ​​horumarinta Manhattan ee la soo riday ]] Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha dadweynaha 1978-dii markii uu bilaabay qoyskisa ganacsigii ugu horreeyay ee Manhattan: dib u cusboonaysiinta hudheelka Commodore ee burburay , oo ku dheggan Grand Central Terminal. Maalgelinta waxa fududeeyey $400 milyan oo cashuur dhimis ah oo hantida magaalada ah oo uu u habeeyey isaga oo uu aabbihiis u habeeyey kaas oo sidoo kale, si wada jir ah ula Hyatt , u dammaanad qaaday $70 milyan amaah dhismaha bangiga ah. Hudheelka ayaa dib loo furay 1980-kii isagoo ah Grand Hyatt Hotel , isla sanadkaas, wuxuu helay xuquuq uu ku horumarinayo Trump Tower , oo ah dhismo isku dhafan oo ku yaal Midtown Manhattan. Dhismuhu wuxuu ku yaalaa xarunta dhexe ee Trump Corporation iyo Trump's PAC wuxuuna ahaa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ilaa 2019. 1988, Trump wuxuu ku iibsaday Plaza Hotel isagoo dayn ka helay shirkado ay leeyihiin 16 bangi. Hudheelka ayaa loo gudbiyay ilaalinta musalsalka 1992, waxaana la ansixiyay qorshe dib-u-habayn bil ka dib, iyadoo bangiyada ay la wareegayaan hantida. Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu iska diiday in ka badan $3 bilyan oo deymo bangi ah, amaah-bixiyayaashuna waxay la wareegeen Hotel Plaza oo ay la socdaan badi hantidiisa kale "dib u habeyn ballaaran oo bahdilaad ah" taasoo u ogolaatay inuu ka fogaado khasaare shakhsi ah. Qareenka hogaanka bangiga ayaa sheegay go'aanka bangiyada in "dhammaan waxay isku raaceen in uu ka nolol fiicnaan lahaa dhimashada". Sannadkii 1996-kii, Trump waxa uu la wareegay oo dib u habayn ku sameeyay dhisme 71 dabaq ah oo inta badan bannaanaa oo ku yaalla 40 Wall Street , oo markii dambe loo beddelay Dhismaha Trump. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, wuxuu ku guuleystay xaqa uu u leeyahay inuu horumariyo dhul 70-acre (28 ha) ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Lincoln Square ee u dhow webiga Hudson. Isagoo ku dhibtoonaya deynta ganacsiyada kale ee 1994, wuxuu ka iibiyay inta badan danihiisa mashruuca maalgashadayaasha Aasiya, kuwaas oo maalgeliyay dhamaystirka mashruuca, Riverside South . Mashruucii ugu dambeeyay ee Trump ee dhismaha wuxuu ahaa 92-dabaq ee isku dhafan ee isticmaalka Trump International Hotel iyo Tower ee Chicago, kaas oo la furay 2008. 2024, The New York Times iyo ProPublica ayaa sheegay in Adeegga Dakhliga Gudaha uu baarayay haddii uu laba jeer qoray khasaaraha soo gaaray iyada oo loo marayo kharashka dhismaha iyo iibinta iibinta guryaha yar ee dib u celinta 8. ===casinos Atlantic magaalada=== [[File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg|thumb|Galitaanka Trump Taj Mahal ee Atlantic magaalada]] 1984, Trump wuxuu Harrah ka furay Trump Plaza , hudheel iyo casino, iyada oo maalgelin iyo caawimo maamul ay ka heshay Shirkadda Holiday . Waxay ahayd mid aan faa'iido lahayn, wuxuuna bixiyay Holiday $ 70 milyan bishii Maajo 1986 si uu keligiis u maamulo.  Sannadkii 1985-kii, waxa uu iibsaday hudheelka Atlantic City Hilton oo aan la furin oo uu u beddelay qalcadda Trump . Labada casinos waxay xareeyeen cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta 1992.  Trump wuxuu iibsaday goobta saddexaad ee Atlantic City 1988, Trump Taj Mahal . Waxaa lagu maalgeliyay $675 milyan oo doollar oo junk bonds ah waxaana lagu dhammeeyey $1.1 bilyan, oo la furay Abriil 1990. Waxa uu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta ee 1991. Sida ku cad qodobbada heshiiska dib-u-qaabaynta, waxa uu ka tanaasulay kala badh saamigiisii ​​hore oo shakhsi ahaan dammaanad qaaday waxqabadka mustaqbalka. Si uu u dhimo $900 milyan ee daynta gaarka ah, waxa uu iibiyay diyaaradda Trump Shuttle ; megayacht, Princess Trump , kaas oo laga kireeyay casinoskiisa oo lagu hayo; iyo ganacsiyo kale.  Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), kaas oo qaatay lahaanshaha Trump Plaza.  THCR waxa ay iibsatay Taj Mahal iyo Qasriga Trump 1996 waxana uu kacay 2004 iyo 2009, isaga oo ka tagay lahaanshaha boqolkiiba 10. Waxa uu ahaa guddoomiyaha ilaa 2009. ===Naadiyada Golf-ka=== Sanadkii 1985, Trump wuxuu la wareegay dhismaha Mar-a-Lago ee Palm Beach, Florida. Sannadkii 1995-kii, wuxuu u beddelay hantidii koox gaar ah oo leh lacag bilaw ah iyo kharashyo sannadle ah. Wuxuu sii waday inuu u isticmaalo baalka guriga sidii guri gaar ah. Waxa uu ku dhawaaqay naadigiisa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ee 2019. Waxa uu bilaabay dhisidda iyo iibsiga koorsooyinka golf- ka 1999-kii, isaga oo haysta 17 koorso golf ah 2016. ===Shati siinta magaca Trump=== Ururka Trump wuxuu inta badan shati u siiyay magaca Trump ee badeecadaha iyo adeegyada macaamiisha, oo ay ku jiraan cuntooyinka, dharka, koorasyada waxbarashada, iyo alaabta guriga. In ka badan 50 heshiisyada shatiga ama maamulka ayaa ku lug lahaa magaca Trump, isaga oo u soo saaray ugu yaraan $59 milyan shirkadihiisa. Sannadkii 2018, kaliya laba shirkadood oo alaabta macaamiisha ah ayaa sii waday inay sii wataan shatiga magaciisa. Intii lagu jiray 2000-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu magaciisa shati u siiyay horumarinta guryaha la dego ee adduunka oo dhan, 40 kuwaas oo aan waligood la dhisin. ===Dhaqdhaqaaqyada dhinaca=== [[File:Donald_Trump_and_Doug_Flutie_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Trump_Tower.jpg|thumb|1985 New Jersey Generals shir jaraa'id ee Trump Tower]] Sannadkii 1970-kii, Trump waxa uu galiyay $70,000 oo hantida aabbihiis ah si uu u helo biilasha isaga oo ka mid ah soo saaraha majaajilada Broadway-waxana uu lumiyay lacagtii. Ka dib markii uu u sameeyay dalabyo kubbadda hoose ee New York Mets iyo kooxihii Cleveland Indians baseball, 1983 ilaa $6 milyan, wuxuu iibsaday New Jersey Generals , koox ka tirsan Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Mareykanka . Horyaalka ayaa isku laabmay ka dib xilli ciyaareedkii 1985, oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku daygiisa inuu u guuro jadwalka dayrta (marka ay la tartami lahayd Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Qaranka ee dhagaystayaasha) iyo isku daygiisii ​​ahaa inuu ku qasbo ku biirista NFL isagoo keenaya suudh liddi ku ah. Trump iyo Hotelkiisa Plaza waxa ay marti galiyeen dhowr ciyaarood oo feerka ah hoolka shirarka ee Atlantic City Convention Hall . 1989 iyo 1990, wuxuu magaciisa ku siiyay tartanka tartanka baaskiilka ee Tour de Trump , isku dayga uu ku abuurayo Maraykan u dhigma jinsiyadaha Yurub sida Tour de France ama Giro d'Italia . Laga soo bilaabo 1986 ilaa 1988, wuxuu iibsaday qaybo badan oo saamiyo ah shirkado kala duwan oo dawladeed isagoo soo jeediyay inuu damacsan yahay inuu la wareego shirkadda kadibna uu iibiyo saamigiisa faa'iido, taasoo keentay in dadka indha indheeya ay u maleynayaan inuu ku hawlan yahay ganacsiga cagaaran .waqtiga New York waxay ogaatay in uu markii hore malaayiin doolar ku sameeyay macaamil ganacsi oo noocaas ah, laakiin "luminaya inta badan, haddii aysan ahayn dhammaan, faa'iidooyinkaas ka dib markii maalgashadayaasha ay joojiyeen in ay si dhab ah u qaataan hadalkiisa". [[File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG|thumb|Xiddiga Trump ee Socodka caanka ah ee Hollywood]] 1988, Trump waxa uu iibsaday Shuttle-ka Diyaaradaha ee Bari , isaga oo ku maal-geliyay iibsiga $380 milyan (oo u dhiganta $1.01 bilyan ee 2024 oo amaah ah oo ka socota bangiyada 22. Waxa uu u beddelay shirkadda duulimaadka ee Trump Shuttle waxana uu ku shaqaynayey ilaa 1992. Waxa uu diiday deymihiisii ​​1991-kii, lahaanshahana waxa uu u gudbay bangiyada. 1996-kii, wuxuu soo iibsaday Miss Universe pageants, oo ay ku jiraan Miss USA iyo Miss Teen USA . Sababtoo ah khilaafyada CBS ee ku saabsan jadwalka, wuxuu u qaaday labada bog ee NBC ee 2002. 2007, wuxuu helay xiddig ku socda Hollywood Walk of Fame shaqadiisa soo saaraha Miss Universe. NBC iyo Univision waxay hoos u dhigeen boggaga bishii Juun 2015 iyaga oo ka falcelinaya faallooyinkiisa ku saabsan soogalootiga Mexico. Sannadkii 2005, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Jaamacadda Trump , oo ah shirkad iibisa siminaarada guryaha ilaa $35,000. Ka dib markii maamulka Gobolka New York ay ku wargaliyeen shirkadda in isticmaalkeeda "jaamacad" ay jabisay sharciga gobolka (maadaama aysan ahayn machad akadeemiyadeed), magaceeda waxaa loo beddelay Trump Entrepreneur Initiative 2010. Sannadkii 2013, Gobolka New York wuxuu gudbiyay $ 40 milyan dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Jaamacadda Trump, isagoo ku eedeeyay in shirkadu ay samaysay hadallo been abuur ah oo ay khiyaanaysay macaamiisha. Intaa waxaa dheer, laba tallaabo oo heer caalami ah ayaa laga gudbiyay maxkamad federaali ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyo shirkadihiisa. Dukumiintiyo gudaha ah ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in shaqaalaha lagu amray inay adeegsadaan qaab si adag loo iibiyo, waxaana shaqaalihii hore ay caddeeyeen in jaamacadda Trump ay khiyaameysay ama been u sheegtay ardaydeeda. Wax yar ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016, wuxuu ogolaaday inuu bixiyo wadarta $ 25 milyan si loo xalliyo saddexda kiis. ===Aasaaska=== Donald J. Trump Foundation wuxuu ahaa aasaaska gaarka ah ee la aasaasay 1988. Laga soo bilaabo 1987 ilaa 2006, Trump wuxuu siiyay aasaaskiisa $ 5.4 milyan, taas oo ku baxday dhammaadkii 2006 . Vince McMahon . Aasaaska ayaa la siiyay samafalka caafimaadka- iyo isboortiga la xiriira, kooxaha muxaafidka ah, iyo samafal oo qabtay munaasabadaha guryaha Trump. Sannadkii 2016, The Washington Post ayaa sheegtay in hay'ad samafal ahi ay geysatay dhowr xadgudubyo xagga sharciga iyo anshaxa ah, oo ay ku jiraan is-wax-ka-qabasho iyo canshuur lunsi . Sidoo kale 2016, xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York ayaa sheegay in aasaaska uu ku xad-gudbay sharciga gobolka iyadoo la codsanayo deeqaha iyada oo aan la soo gudbin xisaab-celinta dibadda ee sannadlaha ah ee loo baahan yahay oo uu ku amray inay joojiso hawlaheeda lacag-ururinta ee New York isla markiiba. Kooxda Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay December 2016 in aasaaska la burburin doono. Bishii Juun 2018, xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York wuxuu gudbiyay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah aasaaska, Trump, iyo caruurtiisa qaangaarka, iyagoo raadinaya $2.8 milyan oo magdhow ah iyo ganaaxyo dheeraad ah. Bishii Diseembar 2018, aasaaska shaqada wuu joojiyay oo wuxuu u qaybiyay hantidiisa hay'ado kale oo samafal ah. ]Bishii Noofambar 2019, garsooraha gobolka New York ayaa ku amray Trump inuu bixiyo $2 milyan oo doolar koox samafal ah oo si khaldan u isticmaalay lacagaha mu'asasada, qayb ahaan si loo maalgeliyo ololihiisa madaxtinimo. ===Arrimaha sharciga iyo kacsiga=== Marka loo eego dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyay faylalka maxkamadda gobolka iyo federaalka oo ay samaysay USA Today sanadkii 2018, Trump iyo ganacsigiisu waxay ku lug lahaayeen in ka badan 4,000 oo tallaabo sharci oo heer gobol iyo federaal ah. Inkastoo uusan u xarayn kicinta shakhsi ahaaneed , ganacsigiisa hudheelka iyo casinos ee Atlantic City iyo New York wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix jeer intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009. Waxay sii wadeen inay shaqeeyaan halka bangiyada ay dib u habeyn ku sameeyeen deynta waxayna yareeyeen saamiyadiisa guryaha. Intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii, in ka badan 70 bangi ayaa Trump amaahiyay $4 bilyan. Ka dib markii uu kacday shirkaddiisa horraantii 1990-meeyadii, bangiyada ugu waaweyn, marka laga reebo Deutsche Bank , waxay diideen inay amaahiyaan isaga. Ka dib weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol , bangigu wuxuu go'aansaday inuusan ganacsi la samayn isaga ama shirkadiisa xiriirka la leh mustaqbalka. ===Maalka=== [[File:State Visit of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia State Dinner Receiving Line with Ivana Trump and Donald Trump in East Room - DPLA - 1a44d05819eab8ba3dcf7a6883ad92ba.jpg|thumb|Trump (midigta midig) iyo xaaskiisa Ivana oo 1985-kii casho sharaf dawladeed u sameeyey [[Boqor]] Fahad ee [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo ay la yeesheen Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan iyo Marwada Koowaad ee Nancy Reagan]] Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu shaqadiisa ku bilaabay “amaah yar oo hal milyan oo dollar ah” oo uu aabihii ka helay oo ay ahayd in uu dib ugu bixiyo ribo. Waxa uu ka amaahday ugu yaraan $60 milyan aabbihii, inta badan ma bixin deymihii, oo waxa uu ka helay $413 milyan oo kale (2018 u dhiganta, oo loo habeeyey sicir bararka) shirkadda aabihiis.  Isaga oo iska dhigaya sarkaal ka tirsan Ururka Trump oo lagu magacaabo " John Barron ", Trump wuxuu wacay saxafiga Jonathan Greenberg [[1984]], isagoo isku dayaya inuu darajo sare ka helo liiska Forbes 400 ee hodanka Mareykanka. Trump wuxuu iskiis u sheegay qiimihiisa saafiga ah: laga jaray $900 milyan 1990  ilaa $10 bilyan 2015. Sannadkii 2015, Forbes wuxuu ku qiyaasay hantidiisa $4.5 bilyan, iyadoo lagu salaynayo waraysiyo lala yeeshay in ka badan 80 ilo. Sannadkii 2025, majaladda ayaa ku qiyaastay hantidiisa $5.1 bilyan waxayna ku qiimeysay qofka 700-aad ee ugu qanisan adduunka. ==Xirfadda warbaahinta== Trump waxa uu daabacay 19 buug oo magaciisa ku qoran, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay qoreen ama ay qoreen kuwa wax qora . Buugiisi ugu horeeyay, The Art of the Deal (1987), waxa uu ahaa New York Times iibiyaha ugu fiican , waxaana lagu tiriyaa New Yorker in uu Trump ka dhigay mid caan ku ah "astaanta maalqabeenada guulaystay". Buugga waxaa qoray Tony Schwartz , kaas oo loo aqoonsan yahay qoraaga. Trump wuxuu lahaa muuqaalo filimaan badan iyo bandhigyo telefishan laga soo bilaabo 1985 ilaa 2001 . Wuxuu si goos-goos ah ugu soo muuqday shirkadda legdinta ee WWE laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii oo ay ku jiraan WrestleMania 23 ee 2007. Laga bilaabo 1990-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu u muuqday 24 jeer isagoo marti ku ah bandhigga Howard Stern Show ee qaranka . Waxa uu lahaa barnaamij sheeko gaaban oo raadiyaha ah, Trumped! , laga bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2008. Laga soo bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2015, wuxuu ahaa faallooyinka martida ee Fox & Friends . Sannadkii 2021, Trump, oo xubin ka ahaa tan iyo 1989, wuu iska casilay SAG-AFTRA si uu uga fogaado dhageysiga edbinta ee ku saabsan weerarkii Janaayo 6. Laba maalmood ka dib, ururka shaqaalaha ayaa si joogto ah u diiday isaga. ===Tababbarka iyo Xirfadlaha caanka ah=== Soo saaraha Mark Burnett ayaa Trump ka dhigay xiddig telefishan ah markii uu abuuray The Apprentice , kaas oo Trump uu martigeliyay 2004 ilaa 2015 (oo ay ku jiraan kala duwanaanshaha The Celebrity Apprentice ). Bandhigyada, waxa uu ahaa madaxa fulinta sare oo meesha ka saaray tartamayaasha odhaahda " waad cayrisay". The New York Times ayaa ugu yeedhay sawirkiisa "mid aad u faanaysi badan, oo aad u khayaali ah" naftiisa. Bandhigyadu waxay dib u dhigeen sawirka Trump malaayiin daawadayaal ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. Heshiisyada shatiga ee la xidhiidha, waxay kasbadeen in ka badan $400 milyan. ==Himilooyinka siyaasadeed ee hore== Trump wuxuu ka diiwaan gashan yahay Jamhuuriya ahaan Queens 1969 iyo Manhattan 1987; xubin ka mid ah Xisbiga Madaxbanaanida , gobolka New York ee xisbiga Reform Party , 1999; Dimuqraadiyiintii 2001 ; Jamhuuriyaddii 2009; aan xiriir la lahayn 2011; iyo Jamhuuriya 2012 [[File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor.jpg|thumb|Isagoo ka hadlaya CPAC , [[Febraayo]] 2011]] 1987, Trump wuxuu xayeysiisyo bog buuxa ah ku dhejiyay wargeysyada waaweyn oo muujinaya aragtidiisa ku aaddan siyaasadda dibadda iyo sida loo tirtiro hoos u dhaca miisaaniyadda federaalka. Sannadkii 1988-kii, waxa uu la xidhiidhay Lee Atwater , isaga oo waydiisanaya in la tixgeliyo in uu yahay musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga ee George HW Bush . Bush wuxuu codsigaas u helay "mid qariib ah oo aan la rumaysan karin". Trump waxa uu ahaa musharrax 2000 ee xisbiga Reform Party ee horudhaca madaxtinnimada saddex bilood ka hor inta uusan ka tanaasulin Febraayo 2000 . Waxa uu ka hadlay shirkii waxqabadka siyaasadda ee muxaafidka bishii Febraayo, wuxuuna khudbado ka jeediyay gobollada horudhaca ah ee horudhaca ah. Bishii Maajo 2011, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuusan tartami doonin ==2016 doorashada madaxweynaha== Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay inuu u sharaxan yahay doorashada 2016 June 2015. Waxa uu u ololeeyay sidii maalqabeen, ganacsade guul leh iyo shisheeye aan khibrad siyaasadeed lahayn, wuxuuna ku andacoodey in warbaahintu u xaglinayso isaga. Hadaladiisa ol'olaha badanaa waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan caddayn oo soo jeedin ah, iyo lambarka rikoodhku waa been. Waxa uu noqday murashaxa ugu horreeya ee Jamhuuriga bishii March 2016 waxaana lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay musharaxa Jamhuuriga ee la malaynayo bishii May [[File:Donald_Trump_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg|thumb|Ololaha Arizona, Maarso 2016]] Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay NATO mid "dhacday" iyo aragtiyo la isku halleyn karo oo lagu tilmaamay Washington Post inay yihiin kuwo aan dhexdhexaad ahayn iyo ilaalin . Ololihiisa ololaha wuxuu xooga saaray dib u gorgortanka xiriirka US-China iyo heshiisyada ganacsiga xorta ah sida NAFTA iyo si adag u dhaqan gelinta sharciyada socdaalka. Jagooyinka kale ee ololaha waxaa ka mid ah raadinta madaxbannaanida tamarta iyada oo ka soo horjeeda xeerarka isbeddelka cimilada, casriyeynta adeegyada loogu talagalay halyeeyada , baabi'inta iyo beddelka sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo , baabi'inta heerarka waxbarashada aasaasiga ah , maalgelinta kaabayaasha , fududaynta koodhka canshuurta iyada oo la dhimayo canshuuraha, iyo ku soo rogida canshuuraha soo dejinta ee shirkadaha ka shaqeeya xeebaha. Waxa uu ku taliyey in la kordhiyo kharashaadka milatariga iyo in si xad dhaaf ah loo baadho ama laga mamnuuco soogalootiga dalalka Muslimka u badan. Waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu darbi ka dhisayo xudduudda Mexico iyo Maraykanka, waxa uuna wacad ku maray in Mexico ay bixin doonto kharashka. Wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu masaafurin doono malaayiin muhaajiriin sharci darro ah oo ku nool Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaleeceeyay dhalashada dhalashada inuu dhiirigelinayo " carruurta barroosinka ah ". Sida laga soo xigtay falanqaynta Sayniska Siyaasadda ee Quarterly , Trump wuxuu sameeyay "ras-raac cad oo cunsurinimo iyo jinsiyeed ah si uu uga guuleysto codbixiyayaasha cadaanka ah" intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxtinimada ee 2016. Gaar ahaan, khudbadiisii ​​ololaha ololaha ayaa soo jiidatay dhaleeceyn ku aaddan sheegashada muhaajiriinta reer Mexico "waxay keeneen daroogo, waxay keeneen dambi, waa kufsi"; oo ka jawaabaya, NBC waxay ka eriday Xirfadlaha caanka ah . Warbixinada Trump ee FEC ee looga baahan yahay ayaa ku taxay hantida ka sareysa $1.4 bilyan iyo deymaha taagan ee ugu yaraan $315 milyan. Ma uusan sii deyn canshuur celintiisa , taasoo lid ku ah dhaqanka musharax kasta oo weyn tan iyo 1976 iyo ballanqaadkiisii ​​2014 iyo 2015 inuu sidaas sameyn doono haddii uu u tartamo jagada. ( 166 ) Wuxuu sheegay in canshuur celintiisa la baarayo , qareennadiisuna ay kula taliyeen inuusan sii deyn. Kadib dagaal dheer oo maxkamadeed oo lagu joojinayo sii deynta canshuur celintiisa iyo diiwaanada kale ee qareenka degmada Manhattan si loogu sameeyo dambi baaris, oo ay ku jiraan laba racfaan oo uu Trump u gudbiyay Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka , Febraayo 2021 maxkamadda sare waxay ogolaatay in diiwaannada loo sii daayo dacwad oogaha si ay u eegaan xeerbeegti weyn. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, qaybo ka mid ah dacwadaha gobolka Trump ee 1995 ayaa loo siidaayay wariye ka socda New York Times . Waxay muujinayaan inuu ku dhawaaqay inuu khasaaray $ 916 milyan sanadkaas, taas oo u ogolaan karta inuu ka fogaado canshuuraha ilaa 18 sano. Trump ayaa ku guuleystay 306 cod oo la ballanqaaday halka 232 ay heshay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary Clinton . Ka dib markii doorashadi labada dhinac ay ka baxeen , tirinta rasmiga ah waxay ahayd 304 ilaa 227 . Waxa uu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan ka mid ahayn ciidamada, mana qaban wax xafiis dawladeed ka hor inta uusan noqon madaxweynaha. Doorashadiisu waxay calaamad u ahayd soo noqoshada dawlad Jamhuuriya oo aan qaybsanayn . Guusha Trump waxay dhalisay mudaaharaadyo ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Maraykanka ==Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay (2017-2021)== [[File:Donald_Trump_swearing_in_ceremony.jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , oo uu maamulayo madaxa cadaalada John G. Roberts Jr. , Janaayo 20, 2017]] [[File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg|thumb|Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2017]] ===Ficilada hore=== Trump ayaa la caleemasaaray Janaayo 20, 2017. Maalin ka dib markii la caleemasaaray, qiyaastii 2.6 milyan oo qof oo adduunka ah, oo ay ku jiraan 500,000 oo ku nool Washington, DC, ayaa mudaaharaad ka dhan ah isaga oo ka qeyb qaatay socodkii haweenka . Intii lagu guda jiray usbuucii ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump wuxuu saxiixay lix amar fulineed , oo ay ku jiraan oggolaanshaha habraacyada baabi'inta sharciga ilaalinta bukaanka iyo daryeelka la awoodi karo ("Obamacare"), ka noqoshada wada-xaajoodka iskaashiga Trans-Pacific, horumarinta mashaariicda Keystone XL iyo Dakota Access Pipeline , iyo qorsheynta darbiga xadka Maraykanka ee Mexico. ===Isku dhacyada xiisaha=== Ka hor inta aan la caleema-saarin, Trump wuxuu ganacsigiisa u raray kalsooni la burin karo , halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa kalsooni indho la'aan ama habayn u dhigma "si uu naftiisa uga gooyo danihiisa ganacsi". Wuxuu sii waday inuu ka faa'iidaysto ganacsigiisa wuxuuna ogaa sida siyaasadda maamulkiisu u saamaysay. Inkasta oo uu sheegay in uu ka fogaan doono "heshiisyada cusub ee ajnabiga ah", Ururka Trump wuxuu dabagalay ballaarinta hawlgalka ee Scotland, Dubai, iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dominican. ​​Lobbyists, saraakiisha dawladda shisheeye, deeq-bixiyeyaasha Trump iyo xulafadooda ayaa boqolaal milyan oo doolar u soo ururiyay goobihiisa dalxiiska iyo hoteellada. Trump ayaa lagu dacweeyay inuu ku xad-gudbay Qodobbada Emoluments Gudaha iyo Dibadda ee Dastuurka Mareykanka , markii ugu horreysay ee qodobbada si cad loo dacweeyay. Hal kiis ayaa lagu diiday maxkamadda hoose. Labo ayaa Maxkamadda Sare ay shaqada ka cayrisay ka dib markii uu xilka qabtay. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu ugu deeqayo mushaharkiisa madaxtinnimo iyo faa'iidada uu ka helo dammaanadda shisheeye ee dawladda Maraykanka. Waxa uu ugu deeqay mushaharkiisa hay'adaha federaalka waxana uu dacaayadeeyay deeq kasta ilaa Juulay 2020. Wakaaladaha federaaliga ah ee ay sahamisay The Washington Post bishii Luulyo 2021 waxa ay sheegeen in aanay wax hadiyad ah helin wixii ka dambeeyay bishaas. Muwaadiniinta Mas'uuliyadda iyo Anshaxa ee Washington ayaa sheegay 2024 inuu ku deeqay $448,000 oo lagu qiyaasay $13.6 milyan oo lacag ah oo uu ka helay dawlado shisheeye muddadiisii ​​ugu horreysay. ===Siyaasadda gudaha=== Trump wuxuu xafiiska la wareegay meesha ugu sarreysa ballaarinta dhaqaale ee ugu dheer taariikhda Mareykanka, kaasoo bilaabmay 2009 oo socday ilaa Febraayo 2020, markii hoos u dhaca COVID-19 uu bilaabmay. Bishii Disembar 2017, wuxuu saxiixay Sharciga dhimista Canshuuraha iyo Shaqada ee 2017 . Waxay hoos u dhigtay qiimaha cashuuraha ee ganacsiyada iyo shakhsiyaadka waxayna meesha ka saartay ciqaabtii la xidhiidhay sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo . Maamulka Trump ayaa ku andacoonaya in ficilku aanu hoos u dhigi doonin dakhliga dawladda, laakiin dakhliga 2018 ayaa 7.6 boqolkiiba ka hooseeya saadaasha. Marka loo eego Trump, hoos u dhaca miisaaniyada federaalku wuxuu kordhay ku dhawaad ​​50 boqolkiiba, ilaa ku dhawaad ​​$ 1 trillion 2019. Dhammaadkii muddadiisa, deynta qaranka Mareykanka waxay kordheen 39 boqolkiiba, taasoo gaartay $ 27.75 trillion, iyo saamiga US-deficit-to-GDP ayaa ku dhuftey mid sare oo ka mid ah Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Trump waxa kale oo uu ku guuldarraystay in uu ka dhabeeyo ballan-qaadkiisii ​​ololaha ee ahaa $1 trillion oo qorshe kharash-bixineed oo kaabayaasha ah. Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee casriga ah ee Maraykanka ee xilka ka taga isaga oo ka shaqaale yar marka loo eego markii uu xilka qabtay, saddex milyan oo qof. Wuxuu diiday fikradda sayniska ee isbeddelka cimilada . Wuxuu hoos u dhigay miisaaniyada cilmi baarista tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo 40 boqolkiiba wuxuuna bedelay siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee lagu hagayay isbedelka cimilada. Wuxuu ka baxay heshiiskii Paris , taasoo ka dhigtay Mareykanka dalka kaliya ee aan ansixin. Wuxuu ujeedkiisu ahaa in kor loo qaado wax soo saarka iyo dhoofinta shidaalka fosil . Gaaska dabiiciga ah ayaa balaariyay Trump, laakiin dhuxusha ayaa sii waday hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu dib u soo celiyay in ka badan 100 xeerarka deegaanka ee federaalka, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa xakameyey qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo , wasakhowga hawada iyo biyaha, iyo isticmaalka walxaha sunta ah. Wuxuu wiiqay ilaalinta xoolaha iyo heerarka deegaanka ee mashaariicda kaabayaasha federaalka, wuxuuna balaariyay meelaha la oggol yahay ee qodista iyo soo saarista kheyraadka, sida oggolaanshaha qodista Qaxootiga Arctic . Trump wuxuu burburiyay xeerarkii federaalka ee caafimaadka, shaqada, deegaanka, iyo meelo kale, oo ay ku jiraan sharci baabi'iyay xeerkii xilligii Obama ee xaddidayay iibinta hubka dadka maskaxda ka xanuunsan. Inta lagu jiro lixdii toddobaad ee ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, wuxuu dib u dhigay, hakiyay, ama beddelay sagaashan xeer federaal ah, inta badan "kadib codsiyo ka yimid warshadaha nidaamsan". Machadka Daacadnimada Siyaasadda wuxuu ogaaday in 78 boqolkiiba soo jeedintiisa ay xannibeen maxkamadaha ama aysan ka adkaan dacwadda. Intii lagu guda jiray ololihiisa, Trump wuxuu wacad ku maray inuu baabi'in doono oo uu bedeli doono Sharciga Daryeelka La awoodi karo . Xafiiska, waxa uu hoos u dhigay fulinta sharciga iyada oo loo marayo amarada fulinta. Wuxuu muujiyay rabitaan ah inuu "u oggolaado Obamacare inuu guuldareysto"; maamulkiisu waxa uu kala badh ka dhimay xilliga is-diiwaangelinta waxana uu si weyn u dhimay dhaqaalihii loogu talo galay dhiirrigelinta diiwaangelinta. Bishii Juun 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu ku biiray 18 dawladood oo Jamhuurigu hoggaamiyo oo ku doodaya ka hor Maxkamadda Sare in baabi'inta ganaaxyada maaliyadeed ee la xidhiidha waajibaadka shakhsi ahaaneed ay ka dhigtay sharciga mid dastuuri ah. Codsigoodu wuxuu baabi'in lahaa caymiska caafimaadka ilaa 23 milyan oo Maraykan ah, laakiin kuma guulaysan. Intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016, Trump wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu ilaalin doono maalgelinta Medicare iyo barnaamijyada kale ee badbaadada bulshada. Janaayo 2020, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaanka inuu tixgeliyo dhimista iyaga. Isagoo ka jawaabaya cudurka faafa ee opioid , Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharci sanadka 2018 si loo kordhiyo maalgelinta daawaynta daroogada, laakiin waxaa si weyn loogu dhaleeceeyay inuu ku guuldareystay inuu sameeyo istiraatiijiyad la taaban karo. Wuxuu ka mamnuucay hay'adaha bixiya ilmo iska soo rididda ama u gudbinta ilmo soo rididda inay helaan lacagaha federaalka. Waxa uu sheegay in uu taageeray "guurka dhaqameed", laakiin wuxuu tixgeliyey sharcinimada waddanka oo dhan ee guurka isku jinsiga ah "la degay". Maamulkiisu waxa uu dib u rogay qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah ilaalinta goobta shaqada ee maamulka Obama ee ka dhanka ah takoorka dadka LGBTQ .Isku daygiisii ​​isku daygiisii ​​ee ilaalinta takoorka ee bukaannada transgender- ka bishii Agoosto 2020 waxaa joojiyay garsoore federaal ah ka dib markii ay xukuntay Maxkamadda Sare ay kordhisay ilaalinta xuquuqda madaniga ah ee shaqaalaha aqoonsiga jinsiga iyo jihada galmada. Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu ka soo horjeedo xakamaynta hubka , in kasta oo ay aragtidiisu is beddeshay muddo ka dib. Maamulkiisu waxa uu qaatay mawqif ka dhan ah marijuana , isaga oo burinaya siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee ilaalin jiray dawladaha sharciyeeyay marijuana. Waa u doode muddo dheer ah ee ciqaabta dilka ah, iyo maamulkiisu wuxuu kormeeray dawladda federaalka ah ee fulinta 13 maxbuus, in ka badan 56 sano ee hore marka la isku daro, oo soo afjaraya 17 sano oo joojin ah. Sannadkii 2016, wuxuu sheegay inuu taageersan yahay isticmaalka hababka jirdilka su'aalaha "jahannamo aad uga xun kan biyaha-qaadista . ===Xiriirka jinsiyadeed=== Faallooyinka Trump ee 2017 Mideynta Dibad-baxa Xaqa ah , oo cambaareeyay "bandhiggan foosha xun ee nacaybka, nacaybka iyo rabshadaha dhinacyo badan" oo sheegaya in ay jiraan "dad aad u fiican oo labada dhinac ah", ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay inay muujinayaan u dhigma akhlaaqda u dhexeeya dibad-baxayaasha sare-sare ee cadaanka ah iyo mudaaharaadayaasha. Bishii Janaayo 2018 dood ku saabsan sharciga socdaalka, waxaa la sheegay inuu u tixraacay El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, iyo wadamada Afrika sida "wadamada shithole". Hadaladiisa waxaa lagu cambaareeyay cunsurinimo. [[File:President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(49964153176).jpg|Iyadoo koox saraakiil iyo la-taliyeyaal ah ay ka soo lugeeyeen Aqalka Cad kuna sii jeeday Kaniisadda St.]] Bishii Luulyo 2019, Trump ayaa bartiisa twitterka ku soo qoray in afar haween ah oo ka tirsan Kongareeska Dimuqraadiga—dhammaan dadka laga tirada badan yahay, oo seddex ka mid ah ay u dhasheen Mareykanka - ay tahay inay " ku laabtaan " dalalkii ay "ka yimaadeen".Laba maalmood ka dib Golaha Wakiiladu waxay u codeeyeen 240-187, inta badan iyagoo raacaya xisbiyada, si ay u cambaareeyaan "faallooyinka cunsuriyadda". Daabacaada wadani ee cadaanka ah iyo warbaahinta bulshada ayaa amaanay hadaladiisa, kuwaas oo sii socday maalmaha soo socda. Waxa uu sii waday hadallo la mid ah intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2020. Bishii Juun 2020, intii lagu jiray mudaaharaadyadii George Floyd , saraakiisha fulinta sharciga federaalku waxay isticmaaleen sunta dadka ka ilmeysiisa iyo tabaha kale ee dadka si ay uga saaraan dad badan oo nabdoon oo mudaaharaadayaal sharci ah fagaaraha Lafayette , bannaanka Aqalka Cad . Trump ayaa markaa la soo baxay Kitaabka Quduuska ah si uu sawir uga qaado Kaniisadda Episcopal St. Hogaamiyeyaal ciidan oo badan oo shaqada ka fadhiistay iyo saraakiisha difaaca ayaa cambaareeyay soo jeedintiisa ah in uu isticmaalo millatariga Maraykanka mudaharaadayaasha ka soo horjeeda bilayska. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee uu Trump xilka hayay, waxa uu oggolaaday 237 codsi oo naxariis ah, taas oo ka yar dhammaan madaxweynayaashii tan iyo 1900-kii marka laga reebo George HW Bush iyo George W. Bush . Keliya 25 iyaga ka mid ah ayaa waxaa shaandheeyay Xafiiska Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Xafiiska Qareenka Cafiska ; kuwa kale waxaa la siiyay dadka xiriirka shakhsi ahaaneed ama siyaasadeed ee isaga, qoyskiisa, iyo xulafadiisa, ama ay ku taliyaan dadka caanka ah. Maalintii ugu dambaysay ee uu xafiiska joogay, waxa uu ogolaaday 73 cafis waxana uu ka khafiifiyay 70 xukun. Dhawr xulafada Trump ah uma qalmin cafis marka loo eego xeerarka Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo xaalado kale waaxdu waxay ka soo horjeedsatay naxariista. Cafiskii saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan ciidanka milatariga oo lagu helay ama lagu soo oogay dambiyo rabshado wata ayaa waxaa ka soo horjeestay hogaamiyayaasha ciidamada. ===Socdaalka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg|thumb|Baarista tusaalaha darbiga xadka ee Otay Mesa, California]] Madaxweyne ahaan, Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay socdaalka sharci darrada ah inuu yahay "duulaanka" Maraykanka oo uu si weyn u kordhiyay fulinta socdaalka. Wuxuu hirgeliyay siyaasado adag oo ka dhan ah magangalyo-doonka wuxuuna u daabulay ku dhawaad ​​6,000 oo askari xadka US-Mexico si ay u joojiyaan isgoysyada sharci darrada ah. Waxa uu hoos u dhigay tirada qaxootiga loo ogolaaday in ay diiwaan gashadaan, laga bilaabo xadka sanadlaha ah ee 110,000 ka hor inta uusan xafiiska la wareegin 15,000 ee 2021 . Mid ka mid ah ballamihiisii ​​ololaha dhexe waxa ay ahayd in uu derbi ka dhisayo xudduudda US-Mexico ; intii lagu jiray xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Maraykanku wuxuu dhisay 73 mayl (117 km) oo derbi ah meelaha aan lahayn caqabadaha iyo 365 mayl (587 km) si uu u beddelo caqabadaha hore. 2018, diidmada Trump ee ah in uu saxeexo kharash kasta oo kharash ah ilaa ay u qoondaysay maalgelinta darbiga xuduudka waxay keentay xidhidhkii ugu dheeraa abid ee dawladda dhexe , muddo 35 maalmood ah laga bilaabo Disembar 2018 ilaa Janaayo 2019. Si looga fogaado xidhitaan kale, Koongarasku waxa uu soo saaray biil dhaqaale oo dhan $1.4 bilyan oo loogu talagalay dayrarka xuduudaha bishii Febraayo. Trump ayaa markii dambe ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo heer qaran ah oo ku taal xudduudda koonfureed si uu u leexiyo $ 6.1 bilyan oo maalgelin ah derbiga xudduudaha inkastoo congress-ka is khilaafeen. Bishii Janaayo 2017, Trump wuxuu saxiixay amar fulin oo u diidaya inay soo galaan muwaadiniinta lix waddan oo Muslimiin u badan afar bilood iyo inay ka yimaadaan Suuriya si aan xad lahayn. Amarka ayaa sababay mudaaharaadyo badan iyo caqabado sharci taasoo keentay amarro dalka oo dhan ah . Amarka dib loo eegay oo bixiya qaar ka reeban ayaa sidoo kale xannibay maxkamadaha, laakiin Maxkamadda Sare waxay xukuntay bishii Juun in mamnuucida la fulin karo kuwa ka maqan " xidhiidh daacad ah oo lala yeesho qof ama hay'ad" gudaha Maraykanka saraakiil, laakiin waxay ka saareen Ciraaq iyo Suudaan. Maxkamadda Sare waxay ogolaatay in noocaas uu dhaqan galo Diseembar 2017, oo ugu dambeyntii taageertay xayiraadda 2019. Laga soo bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu lahaa siyaasad kala qaybsanaan qoys oo kala saaray in ka badan 4,400 carruurta soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee waalidkood, 2 ee Maraykanka . Siyaasad aan hore loo arag. ayaa dalka ka dhalisay cadho dadweyne. Inkasta oo Trump uu markii hore eedaynayay Dimuqraadiyiinta oo uu ku adkaystay inuusan joojin karin siyaasadda amarka fulinta, wuxuu aqbalay cadaadiska dadweynaha bishii Juun 2018 wuxuuna amray in qoysaska soogalootiga sharci-darrada ah la wada xiro haddii aysan "ay jirin walaac" khatarta ilmaha. Garsooraha ayaa markii dambe amar ku bixiyay in qoysaska la isu keeno oo kala fogaansho dheeraad ah la joojiyo marka laga reebo xaalado xaddidan, inkastoo in ka badan 1,000 carruur dheeraad ah laga soocay qoysaskooda amarka ka dib. ===Siyaasada Arimaha Dibada=== [[File:-G7Biarritz_(48616362963).jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyayaasha G7 ayaa shir madaxeedka 45-aad ee Fransiiska, 2019]] Trump wuxuu isku tilmaamay inuu yahay "qaraniyad" iyo siyaasadiisa arrimaha dibadda " Ameerika 1aad ". Waxa uu taageeray dawladihii populist , neo-nationalist , iyo dawlado kali-talis ah. Saadalin la'aan, hubanti la'aan, iyo iswaafaqla'aan ayaa lagu gartaa xiriirka dibadda intii uu xilka hayay. Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo xulafadiisa reer Yurub waxa uu ahaa mid xun intii uu Trump joogay. Wuxuu dhaleeceeyay xulafada NATO wuxuuna si gaar ah u soo jeediyay in Maraykanku ka baxo NATO . Trump wuxuu taageeray siyaasado badan oo ka mid ah siyaasadaha ra'iisul wasaaraha Israel Benjamin Netanyahu . Sannadkii 2020, Trump waxa uu martigeliyay saxeexa heshiiskii Abraham ee u dhexeeyay Israa’iil iyo Imaaraadka Carabta iyo Baxrayn si ay caadi uga dhigaan xidhiidhkooda dibadda. [[File:President_Trump_%26_the_First_Lady%27s_Trip_to_Europe_(42547210635).jpg|thumb|Isagoo gacan qaadaya madaxweynaha [[Ruushka]] Vladimir Putin intii lagu jiray shirkii 2018 ee Helsinki , [[Finland]]]] Trump ayaa dagaal ganacsi la bilaabay Shiinaha 2018 ka dib markii uu ku soo rogay canshuuro iyo caqabado kale oo ganacsi oo uu sheegay in ay ku qasbi doonto Shiinaha in ay soo afjarto ku dhaqanka ganacsiga cadaalad darada ah ee mudada dheer soo jiray iyo ku xadgudubka hantida garaadka . Trump waxa uu wiiqay cunaqabatayntii ugu adkeyd ee uu Maraykanku soo rogay ka dib markii 2014 uu Ruushku la wareegay Kiirymiia . Trump wuu ammaanay oo, sida ay sheegeen qaar ka mid ah dadka dhaleeceeyay, dhif ayuu u dhaleeceeyay madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin , inkasta oo uu ka soo horjeestay tallaabooyinka qaar ee dawladda Ruushka. Waxa uu Maraykanka ka saaray heshiiska dhex-dhexaadka ah ee ciidamada Nukliyeerka , isaga oo u cuskanaya in Ruushku aanu u hoggaansamin, oo uu taageeray suurtagalnimada in Ruushku ku soo laabto G7 . Iyada oo hubka Nukliyeerka ee Waqooyiga Kuuriya loo arkayay khatar halis ah, Trump wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Maraykan ah ee la kulma hoggaamiyaha Kuuriyada Waqooyi, oo la kulmay Kim Jong Un saddex jeer : Singapore bishii Juun 2018, Hanoi bishii Febraayo 2019, iyo Aagga Dillatari ee Kuuriya ee Juun 2019 ===Shaqaale=== Dhammaadkii sannadkii ugu horreeyay ee Trump xafiiska, 34 boqolkiiba shaqaalahiisa asalka ah waa ay iska casileen, shaqada laga eryay, ama waa la bedelay. Ilaa Luulyo 2018, 61 boqolkiiba kaaliyeyaashiisa sare ayaa ka tagay iyo shaqaalaha 141 ayaa ka tagay sannadkii hore. Labada tiroba waxay dhigayaan rikoodh madaxweynayaashii dhawaa. Kaaliyeyaasha gaarka ah ee u dhow Trump ayaa shaqada ka tagay ama lagu qasbay. Waxa uu si cad u bahdilay dhowr ka mid ah saraakiishiisii ​​ugu sarraysay. Trump wuxuu lahaa afar madax oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad , isaga oo fogeynaya ama riixaya dhowr. Bishii Maajo 2017, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay agaasimihii FBI James Comey , isagoo sheegay maalmo ka dib inuu ka walaacsan yahay doorka Comey ee baaritaannada Trump iyo Ruushka. Saddex ka mid ah 15-kii xubnood ee asalka ahaa ee Trump ayaa baxay ama lagu qasbay inay is casilaan sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay. Trump wuu ka gaabiyay inuu magacaabo saraakiisha heerka labaad ee waaxda fulinta, isagoo sheegay in jagooyin badan oo aan loo baahnayn. Bishii Oktoobar 2017, waxaa jiray boqollaal jagooyin hoosaadyo ah oo aan la magacaabin. Ilaa Janaayo 8, 2019, ee 706 jagooyin muhiim ah, 433 ayaa la buuxiyay mana uusan u magacaabin 264. ===Garsoorka=== Trump ayaa magacaabay 226 garsoore oo heer federaal ah , oo ay ku jiraan 54 ka mid ah maxkamadaha rafcaanka iyo saddex ka mid ah maxkamadda sare : Neil Gorsuch , Brett Kavanaugh , iyo Amy Coney Barrett . Magacaabistiisa Maxkamadda Sare waxay siyaasad ahaan u wareejisay Maxkamadda dhinaca midig. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ballan qaaday in Roe v. Wade la rogi doono "si toos ah" haddii isaga la doorto oo la siiyo fursad uu ku magacaabo laba ama saddex garsoorayaasha ka hortagga ilmo soo rididda. Ka dib waxa uu qaatay sumcad markii Roe uu afgembiyay Dobbs v. Jackson Ururka Caafimaadka Haweenka 2022; Dhammaan saddexdii xubnood ee uu soo magacaabay Maxkamadda Sare waxay ku codeeyeen aqlabiyadda. Trump wuxuu quudhsaday maxkamadaha iyo garsoorayaasha uu ku khilaafay, inta badan qaab shakhsiyeed, wuxuuna su'aal galiyay awoodda dastuuriga ah ee garsoorka. Weerradiisa uu ku qaaday maxkamadaha ayaa waxaa ka dhashay canaan ka timid goobjoogayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan garsoorayaal heer federaal ah oo fadhiyey, kuwaas oo ka walaacsanaa saamaynta hadalladiisu ku yeelan karaan madaxbannaanida garsoorka iyo kalsoonida shacabku ku qabaan garsoorka. ===Cudurka caalamiga ah covid-19=== [[File:White_House_Press_Briefing_(49666120807).jpg|thumb|Qabashada war-saxaafadeed COVID-19 ah oo lala yeelanayo xubnaha Aqalka Cad ee Hawl-galka Coronavirus Maarso 15, 2020]] Trump ayaa markii hore iska dhaga tiray digniinaha caafimaadka bulshada iyo baaqyada ah in tallaabo laga qaado saraakiisha caafimaadka ee maamulkiisa. Trump wuxuu aasaasay Ciidanka Aqalka Cad ee Coronavirus bishii Janaayo 29. Bishii Maarso 27, wuxuu saxiixay sharciga CARES Act - $ 2.2 trillion biilka kicinta dhaqaalaha laba geesoodka ah - kicinta ugu weyn taariikhda Mareykanka. Ka dib toddobaadyo weeraro ah si ay uga fogaato jawaabtiisa gaabis ah, Trump wuxuu joojiyay maalgelinta Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka bishii Abriil. Bishii Abriil 2020, kooxaha ku xiran Jamhuuriga ayaa abaabulay mudaaharaadyo ka dhan ah qufulka oo looga soo horjeedo tallaabooyinka ay dowladaha gobolladu qaadayeen si ay ula dagaallamaan masiibada; Trump ayaa ku dhiirigeliyay mudaaharaadyada Twitter-ka , in kasta oo dawladaha la beegsaday aysan la kulmin tilmaamaha maamulkiisa ee dib u furitaanka. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u cadaadiyay hay'adaha caafimaadka federaalka inay qaadaan tallaabooyin uu doorbiday, sida oggolaanshaha daaweynta aan la xaqiijin. Bishii Oktoobar, Trump waxa la dhigay cusbitaalka Xarunta Caafimaadka Qaranka ee Walter Reed muddo saddex maalmood ah iyada oo uu jiro kiis daran oo ah COVID-19 ===Baaritaanada=== Ka dib markii uu la wareegay xafiiska, Trump wuxuu ahaa mawduuca kordhinta Waaxda Caddaaladda iyo kormeerka Kongareeska, iyada oo la baarayo ololihiisa doorashada, kala-guurka, iyo caleema saarka, tallaabooyinkii la qaaday intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa, ganacsigiisa gaarka ah , canshuuraha shakhsi ahaaneed, iyo aasaaska samafalka . Waxaa jiray toban baaritaan dembi oo federaal ah, siddeed gobol iyo baaritaanno maxalli ah, iyo laba iyo toban baaritaan oo kongareeska ah. Bishii Luulyo 2016, FBI waxay bilawday duufaanta Crossfire , baaritaan ku saabsan xiriirka suurtagalka ah ee ka dhexeeya Ruushka iyo ololaha Trump ee 2016. Kadib markii Trump uu shaqada ka eryay Comey bishii Maajo 2017, FBI-da ayaa furtay baaritaan labaad oo ku saabsan xiriirkii shakhsi ahaaneed iyo ganacsi ee Trump uu la yeeshay Ruushka . Bishii Janaayo 2017, saddex hay'adood oo sirdoon oo Mareykan ah ayaa si wadajir ah u sheegay "kalsooni sare" in Ruushku uu farageliyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump. Shaki badan xidhiidho ka dhexeeya saaxiibada Trump iyo saraakiisha Ruushka ayaa la ogaaday. Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Ruushka ee doorashada. Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah ayaa markii dambe loo wareejiyay baaritaanka qareenka gaarka ah ee Robert Mueller ; Baaritaanka ku saabsan xiriirka Trump iyo Ruushka waxaa soo afjaray ku xigeenka xeer ilaaliyaha guud Rod Rosenstein ka dib markii uu u sheegay FBI in Mueller uu sii wadi doono arrinta. Codsiga Rosenstein, baaritaanka Mueller wuxuu baaray arrimaha dambiyada "ee la xiriira faragelinta doorashada 2016 ee Ruushka". Mueller ayaa soo gudbiyay warbixintiisii ​​u dambaysay bishii March 2019. Warbixintu waxay ogaatay in Ruushku uu farageliyay 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump iyo in Trump iyo ololihiisii ​​ay soo dhaweeyeen oo ay dhiiri galiyeen dadaalka, laakiin caddaynta "ma aysan xaqiijin" in Ruushka ama xubnaha ololaha Trump ay abaabuleen. Trump waxa uu ku andacooday in warbixintaasi ay ka saartay isaga in kasta oo Mueller uu qoray in aanay taasi dhicin. Warbixintu waxay sidoo kale faahfaahisay carqaladaynta suurtagalka ah ee caddaaladda ee Trump, laakiin "ma aysan soo saarin gabagabada kama dambaysta ah" oo ka tagtay go'aanka lagu soo oogay sharciyada Congress-ka. Bishii Abriil 2019, Guddiga Kormeerka ee Aqalka ayaa soo saaray amar maxkamadeed oo ay ku raadinayaan faahfaahin maaliyadeed bangiyada Trump, Deutsche Bank iyo Capital One , iyo shirkaddiisa xisaabaadka, Mazars USA . Wuxuu dacweeyay bangiyada, Mazars, iyo guddoomiyaha guddiga Elijah Cummings si looga hortago in la shaaciyo. Bishii Maajo, laba garsoore ayaa xukuntay in Mazars iyo bangiyada labadaba ay tahay inay u hoggaansamaan amar-qaadista; . Qareennada Trump ayaa racfaan ka qaatay. Bishii Sebtembar 2022, Trump iyo guddiga ayaa ku heshiiyey heshiis ku saabsan Mazars, shirkadduna waxay bilowday inay wareejiso dukumentiyada. ===Eedaynta=== [[File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_(49498772251).jpg|thumb|Soo bandhigida cinwaanka "Trump waa la sii daayay" 2020]] Trump waxaa laba jeer xilka ka xayuubiyey aqalka Congress-ka, in kastoo aqalka senate-ka ay labada jeerba dambi ku soo oogeen. Xil ka qaadistii ugu horeysay ayaa ka dhalatay cabasho sir ah oo bishii Luulyo 2019 Trump ku cadaadiyay madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy inuu baadho Joe iyo Hunter Biden, isagoo isku dayaya inuu faa'iido ka helo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2020 . Bishii Disembar 2019, aqalku wuxuu u codeeyay in Trump lagu soo oogo ku takri fal awoodeed iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka , iyo Senatka ayaa dambi ku waayay Febraayo 2020. Xil ka qaadista labaad ayaa timid ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo ee Capitol, kaas oo aqalku uu Trump ku soo oogay in uu kiciyay kacdoon 13-kii Janaayo 2021. Trump ayaa xafiiska ka tagay 20-kii Janaayo, waxaana lagu sii daayay Febraayo 13. Todobo senate oo Jamhuuriya ayaa u codeeyay xukun. ===2020 doorashada madaxweynaha=== Trump wuxuu xareeyay inuu u tartamo dib-u-doorashada saacado yar uun ka dib markii uu noqday madaxweynaha 2017. Waxa uu qabtay isu soo baxkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee dib-u-doorashada wax ka yar bil ka dib markii uu xafiiska qabtay wuxuuna si rasmi ah u noqday musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga Agoosto 2020. Ololaha Trump wuxuu diiradda saaray dambiyada, isagoo ku andacoonaya in magaalooyinka ay hoos ugu dhici doonaan sharci-darro haddii Dimuqraadigu ku guuleysto doorashada. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u beeniyey boosaska Biden wuxuuna ka codsaday cunsuriyadda. Laga bilaabo horraantii 2020, Trump wuxuu abuuray shaki ku saabsan doorashada, isagoo ku andacoonaya caddayn la'aan in la musuqmaasuqi doono iyo in isticmaalka baahsan ee waraaqaha waraaqaha ay soo saari doonto khiyaamo doorasho oo ballaaran. Wuxuu xannibay maalgelinta Adeegga Boostada Mareykanka , isagoo sheegay inuu doonayo inuu ka hortago koror kasta oo ku yimaada codbixinta boostada. Wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu diiday inuu sheego inuu aqbali doono natiijada haddii laga guulaysto oo uu ballan qaado in si nabad ah xukunka loogu kala wareejiyo . ===Luminta Biden iyo diidmada natiijada=== Biden wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii November 2020, isagoo helay 81.3 milyan cod (51.3 boqolkiiba) Trump's 74.2 milyan (46.8 boqolkiiba ) iyo 306 codadka doorashada ee Trump 's 232 . subaxa ka dib doorashada. Maalmo ka dib, markii Biden la saadaaliyay in uu guulaysanayo, Trump waxa uu si aan sal iyo raad toona lahayn u eedeeyay musuqmaasuqa doorashada. Iyadoo qayb ka ah dadaalka lagu doonayo in lagu baabi'iyo natiijada , Trump iyo xulafadiisa ayaa gudbiyay dacwado badan oo ka dhan ah natiijooyinka , kuwaas oo ay diideen ugu yaraan 86 garsoore oo ka tirsan maxkamadaha gobolka iyo federaalka labadaba iyagoo aan lahayn wax xaqiiqo ah ama sharci ah. Eedeymaha Trump waxaa sidoo kale beeniyay saraakiisha doorashada ee gobolka, Maxkamadda Sare ayaa diiday in ay dhageysato kiis lagu codsanayo in la baabi'iyo natiijada afar gobol oo uu ku guuleystay Biden. Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u raadsaday caawimo si uu u rogo natiijooyinka, isaga oo shakhsi ahaan cadaadis saaraya Jamhuuriga maxalliga ah iyo kuwa haya xafiisyada gobolka, Sharci-dejiyaha Jamhuuriga, Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo Madaxweyne Ku-Xigeenka Pence, oo ku boorriyay ficillada sida beddelka cod-bixiyeyaasha madaxweynaha , ama in saraakiisha Georgia ay ku dhawaaqeen natiijada "dhammaan" Toddobaadyadii doorashada ka dib, Trump wuu ka baxay hawlihii guud. Waxa uu markii hore ka horjoogsaday saraakiisha dawladda in ay la shaqeeyaan Biden ee ku-meel-gaadhka madaxweynenimada . Saddex toddobaad ka dib, maamulaha Maamulka Adeegyada Guud wuxuu ku dhawaaqay Biden "guuleeyaha muuqda" ee doorashada, isaga oo u oggolaanaya bixinta agabka kala-guurka kooxdiisa. Inkastoo Trump uu sheegay in uu ku taliyay in GSA ay bilowdo hab-maamuuska kala-guurka, weli si rasmi ah uma uusan aqbalin. Trump kama uusan qeybgalin xafladdii Biden ee Janaayo 20. ===Janaayo 6-dii weerarkii Capitol=== Bishii Disembar 2020, waxaa soo baxay warbixino sheegaya in hoggaamiyeyaasha millatariga Mareykanka ay heegan sare ku jireen, saraakiisha darajo sarena ay ka wada hadleen waxa la sameeyo haddii Trump uu ku dhawaaqo sharciga dagaalka . Agaasimaha CIA Gina Haspel iyo General General Mark Milley , oo ah gudoomiyaha Taliyaasha Wadajirka ah ee Shaqaalaha , ayaa ka walaacsanaa in Trump uu isku dayo inqilaab ama tallaabo militari oo ka dhan ah Shiinaha ama Iran. Milley wuxuu ku adkaystay in lagala tashado amar kasta oo militari oo ka yimaada Trump, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka hubka nukliyeerka. [[File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_(50820534063)_(retouched).jpg|thumb|Dadweyne taageersan Trump intii uu weerarka socday]] Duhurnimadii Janaayo 6, 2021, iyadoo Congress-ka uu caddaynayay natiijada doorashada madaxtinimada ee Capitol US , Trump wuxuu ku qabtay isu soo bax ka dhacay Ellipse oo u dhow . Isagoo ka hadlayay gadaasha muraayad dhalo ah, wuxuu ku baaqay in doorashada la rogo wuxuuna ku booriyay taageerayaashiisa inay "la dagaalamaan sida cadaabta" oo "ay dib u soo ceshadaan waddankeena" iyagoo u socda Capitol. Taageerayaashiisa ayaa markaa sameeyay koox koox ah oo jebisay dhismaha , carqaladeeyay shahaadada waxayna sababtay daad-gureynta Congress-kaaIintii lagu guda jiray weerarka, Trump wuxuu ku dhajiyay baraha bulshada laakiin ma uusan weydiisan rabshado inay kala firdhiyaan. Qoraal uu soo dhigay bartiisa Twitter -ka 6-dii maqribnimo ayuu u sheegay in ay “Guryaha ku tagaan jacayl & nabad”, waxa uu ugu yeeray “wadani-weyn”, waxa uuna ku celiyay in uu ku guuleystay doorashada. Koongarasku mar dambe ayaa dib loo furay oo xaqiijiyay guushii Biden saacadihii hore ee Janaayo 7. In ka badan 140 booliis ah ayaa ku dhaawacmay, shan qofna way dhinteen intii uu socday ama ka dib weerarka. Dhacdadan ayaa lagu tilmaamay isku day afgambi oo uu sameeyay Trump. ==Inta u dhaxaysa madaxweynayaasha (2021-2025)== Markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ku noolaado Mar-a-Lago, isaga oo xafiis ka samaystay halkaas sida uu dhigayo sharciga madaxweynayaashii hore . Sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee sii socota ee ku saabsan doorashada 2020 waxaa caadi ahaan loogu yeeraa " beenta weyn " ee uu dhaleeceeyay, inkastoo May 2021, isaga iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa ay bilaabeen isticmaalka ereyga si ay u tixraacaan doorashada lafteeda. Xisbiga Jamhuurigu wuxuu u adeegsaday sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee ku saabsan doorashada si uu ugu caddeeyo soo rogida xannibaadaha codbixinta cusub ee ay ku jirto. Wuxuu sii waday inuu ku cadaadiyo sharci-dejiyeyaasha gobolka inay joojiyaan doorashada. Si ka duwan madaxweynayaashii hore ee kale, Trump wuxuu sii waday inuu xukumo xisbigiisa; profile 2022 ee New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay inuu yahay madaxa xisbiga casriga ah . Waxa uu sii waday lacag ururinta, isaga oo kor u qaaday xabad dagaal oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan laba jeer xisbiga Jamhuuriga, oo uu ka faa'iidaystay lacag ururinta musharaxiin badan oo Jamhuuri ah oo lagu qabtay Mar-a-Lago. Inta badan waxa uu diiradda saaray maamulka xisbiga iyo in uu xilal muhiim ah ka dhigo saraakiil isaga daacad u ah. Doorashadii xilliga dhexe ee 2022 , wuxuu taageeray in ka badan 200 oo musharraxiin ah oo u tartamaya xafiisyo kala duwan. Bishii Febraayo 2021, wuxuu diiwaangeliyay shirkad cusub, Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG), si ay u siiso "adeegyada isku xirka bulshada" macaamiisha Mareykanka. Bishii Maarso 2024, TMTG waxay ku biirtay shirkad soo iibsata ujeedo gaar ah oo Digital World Acquisition waxayna noqotay shirkad dadweyne . Bishii Febraayo 2022, TMTG waxay bilowday Truth Social , oo ah madal warbaahinta bulshada ah. ===Arrimaha sharciga=== Sannadkii 2019-kii, wariye E. Jean Carroll ayaa ku eedeeyay Trump inuu kufsaday 1990-meeyadii, wuxuuna ku dacweeyay sumcad-dil uu u geystay diidmadiisa. Carroll ayaa mar kale dacweeyay 2022 batari iyo sumcad dil dheeraad ah. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay xadgudub galmo iyo sumcad dil waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo $ 5 milyan hal kiis iyo $ 83.3 milyan kan kale. Maxkamadaha rafcaanka federaalku waxay taageereen natiijooyinkii iyo abaal-marintii Diseembar 2024 iyo Sebtembar 2025, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sannadkii 2022, New York waxay soo gudbisay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyada oo ku eedaysay inuu sare u qaaday qiimaha Ururka Trump si uu faa'iido uga helo bixiyeyaasha iyo bangiyada. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo ku dhawaad ​​$355 milyan oo lagu daray dulsaar. Bishii Agoosto 2025, maxkamadda rafcaanku waxay taageertay mas'uuliyadda Trump iyo ganaaxyada aan lacagta ahayn laakiin waxay meesha ka saartay ciqaabta lacageed oo xad dhaaf ah [[File:Classified_intelligence_material_found_during_search_of_Mar-a-Lago.jpg|thumb|Walax sirdoon oo sir ah ayaa la helay intii lagu jiray raadinta Mar-a-Lago]] Iyada oo la xidhiidha dadaalka Trump ee uu ku doonayo in uu ku joojiyo doorashada 2020 iyo ku lug lahaanshaha weerarkii January 6, December 2022 guddiga Aqalka Maraykanka ee weerarka ayaa soo jeediyay eedeymaha dambiyada ka dhanka ah isaga oo hor istaagay dacwad rasmi ah , shirqool lagu khiyaameeyay Maraykanka , iyo kicinta ama caawinta kacdoonka. Bishii Agoosto 2023, xeerbeegti weyn oo ku taal Fulton County, Georgia , ayaa ku soo oogtay 13 eedeymo, oo ay ku jiraan racketeering , dadaalkiisa uu ku doonayo inuu ku dumiyo doorashada 2020 ee gobolka. Bishii Janaayo 2022, Maamulka Kaydka iyo Diiwaanka Qaranka ayaa soo saaray 15 sanduuq oo dukumeenti ah oo Trump u qaaday Mar-a-Lago ka dib markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo qaarkood la sifeeyay. Baaritaankii Waaxda Caddaaladda ee xigay, mas'uuliyiintu waxay ka soo saareen dukumeentiyo sir ah oo badan oo qareenadiisa ah. Agoosto 8, 2022, wakiilada FBI waxay Mar-a-Lago ka baadheen dukumeenti si sharci darro ah loo haysto, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa jebinta sharciga basaasnimada , ururinta 11 dukumeenti qarsoodi ah, qaar sir sare leh. Xeer -beegti heer federaal ah oo uu sameeyay La-taliyaha Gaarka ah Jack Smith ayaa Trump ku soo oogay bishii Juun 2023 31 dacwadood oo ah "si ula kac ah u haynta macluumaadka difaaca qaranka" sida hoos timaada Xeerka Basaasnimada , iyo eedeymo kale. Trump wuu diiday dambiga. Bishii Luulyo 2024, garsoore Aileen Cannon ayaa meesha ka saaray kiiska , xukunka Smith magacaabistiisa xeer ilaaliye gaar ah wuxuu ahaa sharci darro. Bishii Maajo 2024, Trump waxaa lagu xukumay 34 dacwadood oo dembi ah oo ka been sheegay diiwaannada ganacsiga . Kiisku wuxuu ka yimid caddayn ah inuu ballansaday lacag-bixinnada lacagta-ka-soo-baxa ee Michael Cohen ee jilaa filimada qaangaarka ah ee Stormy Daniels sida kharashaadka ganacsiga si uu u daboolo eedeymihiisii ​​2006-2007 ee Daniels intii lagu jiray doorashadii 2016. Janaayo 10, 2025, xaakimku wuxuu siiyay Trump xukun ciqaab la'aan ah oo loo yaqaan siideyn shuruud la'aan ah, isagoo sheegay in shuruudaha ciqaabta ay faragelinayaan xasaanadda madaxweynaha. Ka dib markii dib loo doortay, kiiskii carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 iyo kiiskii dukumeentiyada qarsoodiga ahaa waa la eryay iyada oo aan la eedayn siyaasada Waaxda Cadaaladda ee ka dhanka ah dacwad qaadista madaxweynayaasha. ==2024 doorashada madaxweynaha== Bishii Noofambar 2022, Trump wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu u tartamayo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2024 wuxuuna abuuray akoon lacag ururin ah. Bishii Maarso 2023, ololuhu wuxuu bilaabay inuu u weeciyo boqolkiiba toban deeqaha hoggaankiisa PAC . Ololihiisu waxa uu bixiyay $100 milyan oo ku wajahan biilasha sharciga ah March 2024. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump wuxuu sameeyay hadallo rabshado wata oo isa soo taraya. Waxa uu sheegay in uu hubayn doono FBI-da iyo Waaxda Caddaaladda ee ka soo horjeeda siyaasaddiisa oo uu u adeegsado militariga si uu u beegsado siyaasiyiinta Dimuqraadiga ah iyo kuwa aan taageersanayn musharaxnimadiisa. Wuxuu adeegsaday hadallo ka daran oo bini'aadantinimada ka dhan ah intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa. Hadalkiisa, isaga oo ugu yeeraya mucaaradkiisa siyaasadeed "cadow", cayayaan, iyo faashiistaha, ayaa taariikhyahannada iyo aqoonyahannada qaarkood ku tilmaameen kalitalisnimo, faashiste oo ka duwan wax kasta oo musharax siyaasadeed uu waligiis ku sheegay taariikhda Mareykanka. Da'da iyo welwelka caafimaadka ayaa sidoo kale kacday intii lagu jiray ololaha, iyada oo dhowr khabiiro caafimaad ah ay muujinayaan kororka xamaasada, hadalka jilicsan iyo dabeecadda . Trump wuxuu xusay "doorasho la musuq-maasuqay" iyo "faragelin doorashada" ka hor iyo in ka badan intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016 iyo 2020 wuxuuna diiday inuu ballan qaado inuu aqbalo natiijada doorashada 2024. Falanqeeyayaasha New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay tan sida xoojinta "madaxyada aan ku guuleysto; dabo aad khiyaamayso" xeeladaha hadal; Wargeysku waxa uu sheegay in sheegashada doorashada lagu shubtay ay noqotay laf dhabarta ololaha. July 13, 2024, Trump ayaa dhegta lagu toogtay isku day dil oo ka dhacay isu soo bax olole oo ka dhacay magaalada Butler Township, Pennsylvania . Laba maalmood ka dib, Shirweynihii Qaranka ee Jamhuuriga ee 2024 ayaa u magacaabay musharaxa madaxweynenimo. Bishii Sebtembar, waa la bartilmaameedsaday laakiin waxba ma gaarin isku day dil oo Florida ka dhacay . Trump wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii Noofambar 2024 isagoo helay 312 codadka doorashada madaxweyne ku xigeenka Kamala Harris's 226. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku guuleystay codadka caanka ah 49.8% Harris' 48.3%. Guushiisa 2024 waxay qayb ka ahayd dib-u-dhac caalami ah oo ka dhan ah xisbiyada xilka haya, oo qayb weyn ka ah sicir bararka 2021-2023 . Dhowr xarumood ayaa ku tilmaamay dib u doorashadiisa soo laabasho aan caadi ahayn. ==Madaxweynaha labaad (2025- hadda)== [[File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_(2025)_(alternate).jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , waxaa maamula madaxa cadaalada John Roberts , Janaayo 20, 2025]] Trump wuxuu bilaabay markiisa labaad markii uu xilka qabtay Janaayo 20, 2025. Wuxuu noqday shaqsiga ugu da'da weyn ee qabta xilka madaxtinimo , madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee dambi culus lagu soo oogay, iyo qofkii labaad ee laba xilli oo aan isku xigta madaxweyne ka noqdo. Isku daygiisii ​​uu ku doonayay inuu ku balaadhiyo awoodda madaxweynaha iyo iska horimaadyada maxkamadaha ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay sifada qeexaysa xilligiisa labaad. ===Ficilada hore, 2025- hadda=== Markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, Trump waxa uu saxeexay amarro fulineed oo taxane ah . Qaar badan oo kuwan ka mid ah waxay tijaabiyeen awooddiisa sharci, waxayna soo saareen tallaabo sharci oo degdeg ah. Wuxuu soo saaray amaro fulineed ka badan maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne kasta. Afar maalmood oo ka mid ah xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad, falanqaynta uu sameeyay Time waxay ogaatay in ku dhawaad ​​​​saddex-meelood laba meelood ee ficilladiisa fulinta "muraayada ama qayb ahaan muraayadda" soo jeedinta Mashruuca 2025 . Toddobaadyadiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, dhowr ka mid ah ficilladiisa ayaa iska indhatiray ama ku xad-gudbay sharciyada federaalka, qawaaniinta, iyo Dastuurka sida ay qabaan culimada sharciga ee Mareykanka. Bishii ugu horreysay ee maamulkiisa, Trump wuxuu soo saaray sagaashan amar fulineed, qoraallo, iyo awaamiir. Waxa uu u adeegsaday dawladda si uu u beegsado dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda iyo ficilladiisa ka dhanka ah bulshada rayidka ah ayay khubarada sharciga iyo boqollaal saynisyahano siyaasadeed ku tilmaameen mid keli-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Awaamiirtiisa iyo ficilladiisa waxaa ka soo horjeestay in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo dalka oo dhan ah, iyada oo intooda badan ay weli u socdaan maxkamadaha July 2. ===Iskahorimaadyada xiisaha, 2025 - hadda=== Madaxtinimadii labaad ee Trump waxaa lagu tilmaamay in uu leeyahay ilaalin yar oo ka dhan ah iskahorimaadyada danaha marka loo eego kii ugu horreeyay, iyo jabinta tobannaan sano oo xeerarka anshaxa. Waxa uu sii waday shirkad si guud looga ganacsado oo ku taal Trump Media & Technology Group , wuxuuna u kala beddelay adeegyo maaliyadeed. Waxa uu daba galay heshiisyo cusub oo hanti ma guurto ah oo dibadda ah oo ay ku lug leeyihiin hay'ado dawladeed oo xidhiidh la leh, waxana uu lahaa dhawr shirkadood oo calaamadayn iyo shati bixin ah oo uu ku iibinayo badeecooyinka sumadda Trump. Waxa uu ka faa'iideystey xafladaha lagu qabto hoteeladiisa iyo koorsooyinkiisa golf-ka, hantidiisana ma gelin kalsooni indho-la'aan ah, sidii madaxweynayaashii hore ay yeeli jireen. Bishii Agoosto 2025, shaacinta qasabka ah ee Trump ee maalgashiga ayaa muujisay in, tan iyo markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, uu sameeyay 690 iibsasho curaarta degmada iyo saamiyada shirkadaha oo wadartoodu ay dhan tahay ugu yaraan $104 milyan. Waxaa ku jiray saamiyada shirkadaha ay saameeyeen isbeddelada uu ku sameeyay siyaasadaha federaalka. Trump waxa uu meesha ka saaray hab-raacii anshaxa ee maamulkii hore iyo fulinta sharciyada mamnuucaya laaluushka iyada oo aan la samayn hab-raacyo anshaxeed oo rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay dadka loo magacaabayo siyaasadda, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay la soo galeen maamulkiisa "liiska aan caadiga ahayn ee weyn ee isku dhacyada xiisaha leh". Waxa uu meesha ka saaray eedeymihii musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ahaa siyaasiyiintii xiriirka la lahaa isaga wuxuuna joojiyay dhaqangelinta sharciga mamnuucaya in shirkadaha ka shaqeeya Mareykanka ay laaluushaan dowlado shisheeye. Trump wuxuu bilaabay, dallacsiiyay, oo shakhsi ahaan uga faa'iidaystay laba calaamadood oo cryptocurrency ah ("qadaadiicda meme"), $ Trump iyo $ Melania. Waxa kale oo uu si toos ah uga faa'iidaystay qoyskiisa shirkadda cryptocurrency World Liberty Financial , taas oo ku hawlan isku-dhafka aan horay loo arag ee ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay iyo siyaasadda dawladda. Bishii Luulyo 2025, maamulka Trump wuxuu Qatar ka aqbalay $400 milyan diyaarad qaali ah si uu ugu adeego Air Force One ilaa dhamaadka xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad ka dibna loo wareejiyo maktabadiisa madaxtooyada. Dib u habeynta sida Air Force One ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay ku kacayso ilaa $1 bilyan. ===Joojinta guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka=== Trump wuxuu ka hirgaliyay shaqo joojinta guud ahaan dowladda federaalka wuxuuna amray in shaqada teleefoonka shaqaalaha federaalka lagu joojiyo 30 maalmood gudahood. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in dib u eegis lagu sameeyo jagooyin badan oo shaqaale rayid ah oo xirfadeed iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in dib loogu kala saaro boosaska la rabo iyada oo aan lahayn ilaalin shaqo. Waxa uu bilaabay joojinta shaqada guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka, oo ay ku tilmaameen khabiirada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag ama ku xad-gudbay sharciga federaalka, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo shaqaale si aad ah ula socda ajendihiisa. Dabayaaqadii Febraayo, maamulku waxa uu shaqada ka eryay in ka badan 30,000 oo qof. Si loo fududeeyo joojinta dheeraadka ah, waxay qaadatay tarjumaad sharci oo cusub oo si weyn u ballaarinaysa qaybaha iyo wakaaladaha loo arko inay haystaan ​​​​ammaanka qaranka shaqadooda aasaasiga ah, oo ku dhawaaqaya ururada shaqaalaha federaalka ee kala duwan "cadow". Amarka fulinta dabayaaqadii March ee ku salaysan tarjumaaddan ayaa ka saaray daraasiin waaxyo iyo wakaaladaha barnaamijyada xiriirka maamulka shaqada ee federaalka , taasoo ku kaliftay inay dacweeyaan si ay u buriyaan heshiisyadooda gorgortanka wadareed , kaas oo ka saari kara ilaalinta ururka hal milyan oo shaqaale federaal ah. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in la joojiyo kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) mashaariicda dawladda federaalka wuxuuna ku meeleeyay shaqaalaha xafiisyada DEI fasax. Waxa uu buriyay Amarka Fulinta ee Lyndon B. Johnson ee 1965 ee 11246 , kaas oo amrayay in qandaraaslayaasha federaalku ay qaadaan tallaabo cad oo lagu joojinayo takoorka jinsiyadeed. Waxtarka Trump iyo Elon Musk 's Department of Government waxay si weyn u burburiyeen dhowr hay'adood oo federaal ah oo ay ku jiraan USAID iyo Waaxda Waxbarashada , iyagoo keli ah shaqada ka eryay dhowr kun oo shaqaale ah, waxayna hoos u dhigtay hawlaha maamulka ilaa ugu yaraan sharci. Ficilada qaar, sida isku dayga lagu burburinayo Xafiiska Ilaalinta Maaliyadeed ee Macmiilka , waxaa hakiyay maxkamadaha federaalka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisu waxay isku dayeen inay keenaan hay'ado madax-bannaan oo taariikhi ah oo hoos yimaada laanta fulinta oo si toos ah u hoos timaada qaabab yar. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga, 2025- hadda=== Sida madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horeysay, Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u hareer maray Xafiiska Xeer Ilaaliyaha Cafiska . Waxa uu ku rakibay siyaasad daacad ah Ed Martin kaas oo ku tilmaamay sababta cafis loo bixiyo "Ma jiro MAGA ka tagay". Cafiskii Trump iyo deeqaha naxariista waxay door bideen xulafada siyaasadeed iyo kuwa daacadda u ah, oo si aan loo kala sooc lahayn loo cafiyay "kuwa xoogga badan, caanka ah, si fiican ugu xiran iyo maalqabeenada" ee lagu eedeeyay dambiyada cadaanka ah. Trump waxa uu cafis u fidiyay dhammaan 6-dii January rabshadihii lagu xukumay ama lagu soo oogay maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee xafiiska, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa si xun u weeraray booliiska, isaga oo cafiyay in ka badan 1,500 oo uu cafiyay xukunnada 14. ===Siyaasadda gudaha, 2025- hadda=== Trump wuxuu ka dhaxlay dhaqaale adkeysi leh maamulka Biden, kobaca dhaqaalaha, shaqo la'aanta yar, iyo sicir bararka hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu ku amray wakaaladaha in ay joojiyaan dhaqan gelinta xeerarka aan la jeclayn iyaga oo isku dayaya in si weyn loo xakameeyo taasoo khubarada sharcigu ay ku tilmaameen sharci-darro iyo lid ku ah tobanaan sano ee sharciga federaalka. Waxa uu raadiyay in dawladdu ay maamusho ganacsiyo gaar ah oo uu ka tago dhaqanka suuqa xorta ah ee muxaafidka ah , halkii uu doorbidi lahaa hanti-wadaaga dawladda isaga oo si toos ah u qaadanaya saamiga dawladda ee sinnaanta shirkadaha waaweyn ee Maraykanka. Trump wuxuu joojiyay oo joojiyay deeqihii federaalka wuxuuna sameeyay dhimis ballaaran oo cilmi baaris ah, kuwaas oo dhowr ka mid ah ay heleen garsoorayaasha iyo Xafiiska Xisaabtanka ee Dowladda inay yihiin sharci darro iyo dastuuri. Waxa uu kor u qaaday diidmada isbeddelka cimilada iyo macluumaadka khaldan, oo u magacaabay saliidda, gaasta, iyo kiimikooyinka u ololeeya EPA si ay u beddelaan xeerarka cimilada iyo xakamaynta wasakhowga. Trump wuxuu ku tiirsanaa ku dhawaaqida xaaladaha degdegga ah ee qaranka si uu u caddeeyo boqollaal ficil oo uu ka gudbo ansixinta kongareeska ama dib u eegista sharciga. Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo tamarta qaranka ah, taasoo u oggolaanaysa joojinta xeerarka deegaanka, dabcinta sharciyada soo saarista shidaalka iyo xaddididda mashaariicda tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo. Waxa uu bilaabay dib-u-eegis ku saabsan "sharciga iyo sii socoshada ku-dhaqanka" ee raadinta khatarta EPA , taas oo ah saldhigga ugu badan ee xeerarka federaalka ee gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo, oo mar kale ka baxay US Heshiiskii Paris ee isbedelka cimilada. Burburinta hay'adaha dawladda ee fulinaya sharciyada ka dhanka ah musuqmaasuqa siyaasadeed iyo khiyaanada cad, Trump wuxuu hoos u dhigay Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Waaxda Cadaaladda Dadweynaha 30 ilaa shan qareen, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay 17 kormeerayaal madax -bannaan oo ka tirsan hay'adaha dawladda iyo 12 xubnood oo ka tirsan hay'adaha kormeerka madax-bannaan ee 7 iyo kormeerayaasha Xafiiska FBI-da ee Washington oo baaray eedeymaha musuqmaasuqa iyo musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ah saraakiisha dowladda iyo xubnaha Congress-ka. Wuxuu cafiyay ama laalay eedeymaha ka dhanka ah saraakiisha lagu eedeeyay musuqmaasuq. Trump wuxuu u aaneeyay dhibaatooyinka bulshada kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) hindisayaasha iyo baraarugga . Isbarbardhigga kala duwanaanshaha iyo karti-darrada, wuxuu beddelay siyaasadihii kala-duwanaanshaha ee dawladda federaalka. Waxa uu damcay in uu dib ugu sameeyo bulshada rayidka ah dookhiisa amarka fulinta. On DEI iyo nacaybka nacaybka, wuxuu u hanjabay hay'adaha dhaqanka iyo lixdan jaamacadood, wuxuuna ku qasbay shirkadaha sharciga inay u hoggaansamaan ajandihiisa siyaasadeed. Trump ayaa balaariyay adeegsiga gudaha ee ciidamada wuxuuna amray in la geeyo magaalooyin dhowr ah oo xisbiga Dimuquraadiga uu hogaamiyo , wuxuuna ku hanjabay inuu sii balaarin doono howlgalladiisa. ===Siyaasadaha ka-hortagga LGBTQ+=== Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadii labaad, Trump wuxuu bilaabay olole dagaal oo ka dhan ah LGBTQ + iyo gaar ahaan siyaasadaha ka-hortagga jinsiga ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba, oo maamulkiisu u soo bandhigay sidii wax looga qaban lahaa " fikirka jinsiga ". Siyaasadahan waxay doonayeen inay baabi'iyaan aqoonsiga federaalka ee dadka transgender-ka ah, ka xayuubinta dadka transgender ilaalinta sharciga iyo in laga tirtiro aqoonsiga trans ee nolosha guud. Iyadoo loo marayo amarro fulineed oo isdaba-joog ah iyo ficilo kale, maamulkiisu wuxuu si adag u qeexay jinsiga si adag bayoolooji dhalashada, laga mamnuucay dadka ka soo jeeda milatariga, xaddidan ama la daboolay daryeelka caafimaadka jinsiga, oo ka soo horjeeda luqadda loo dhan yahay , cilmi-baaris iyo agab waxbarasho oo faafreeb ah, iyo bartilmaameedyada dugsiyada, jaamacadaha, iyo xarumaha fikradda. Tallaabooyin dheeri ah ayaa ka mamnuucay ciyaartooyda transgender-ka ciyaaraha, helitaanka baasaboor xaddidan, waxayna sii hurisay dadaallada caalamiga ah ee lagu wiiqayo xuquuqda trans. Waxaa weheliya hadallo muujinaya dadka ka beddelka jinsiga inay yihiin khatar bulsho, siyaasadahani waxay kiciyeen caqabado sharciyeed oo baahsan, cambaarayn ka timid kooxaha xuquuqul insaanka, iyo kor u kaca socdaalka iyo sheegashooyinka magangelyo ee ay qabaan dadka isku jinsiga ah ee Maraykanka ah ===Hal Xeer Bill Qurux Badan=== Bishii Luulyo 2025, Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Sharcigu waxa uu ka dhigay dhimista cashuurta cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada 2017 mid joogto ah waxana uu ku daray cashuur dhimis dheeraad ah oo dhan ku dhawaad ​​$4.5 trillion, inta badan ka faa’iidaysanaysa dakhliga ugu sarreeya oo dadka ku kaca dakhliga ugu hooseeya $1,600 sanadkii; kordhinta dhaqaalaha difaaca qaranka, masaafurinta, darbiga xuduudka, iyo gaashaanka gantaalaha; lagana saaray cashuurtii laga qaadi lahaa mashaariicda tamarta nadiifka ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo ilaha tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo sida dabaysha iyo tamarta cadceedda iyo kuwa iibsada baabuurta korontada. Sharcigu wuxuu jaray maalgelinta Medicaid iyo SNAP wuxuuna ku daray shuruudo shaqo oo dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay u-qalmitaanka iyo $35 lacag-bixineed ee adeegyada Medicaid qaarkood; dhimista iyo shuruudaha dheeraadka ah ayaa dhaqan galaya ka dib doorashada guud ee 2026. Sharciga waxaa saadaaliyay Xafiiska Miisaaniyadda Kongareeska inuu ku kordhiyo dhimista miisaaniyada $3.4 trillion marka la gaaro 2034, sababa 11.8 milyan oo qof inay lumiyaan caymiska Medicaid, iyo meesha laga saaro dheefaha SNAP ee seddex milyan oo qof. ===Socdaalka, 2025- hadda=== Maalmihiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump waxa uu ku amray ilaalada xuduudaha in ay si kooban u tarxiilaan soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee ka soo gudbaya xadka, isaga oo curyaamiyay barnaamijka CBP One ee loo isticmaalay in lagu jadwaleeyo xuduudaha. Waxa uu dib u bilaabay hadhaagii siyaasadda Mexico , waxa uu kooxaha daroogada u magacaabay kooxo argagixiso ah, waxana uu amray in dib loo bilaabo dhismaha darbiga xuduudka. Hawlgallada masaafurinta ayaa marka hore diiradda saaray "liiska bartilmaameedka" ee dambiilayaasha la sameeyay ka hor xilliga labaad ee Trump. Kadibna maamulkiisu wuxuu meesha ka saaray magangelyo codsadayaasha ku guul daraystay inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha, waxay laashay xaaladda sii-daynta sharafeed ee muhaajiriinta ku soo galay US iyadoo la raacayo CBP One iyo CHNV sii-daynta sharafeed bini'aadantinimo, waxay isku dayeen inay ka saaraan dhalashada dhalashada , waxayna hakiyeen Barnaamijka Ogolaanshaha Qaxootiga . Bishii Maarso, wuxuu u adeegsaday Xeerka Cadawga Shisheeyaha ee 1798 si uu u xidho muhaajiriinta sharci darrada ah maxkamad la'aan -mid ka mid ah "khalad maamul" iyo inta badan iyada oo aan lahayn diiwaannada dambiyada -Xarunta Xakamaynta Argagaxisada ee El Salvador. Wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha , muhaajiriinta sharciga ah, dalxiisayaasha, iyo ardayda fiisaha leh kuwaas oo muujiyay dhaleeceynta siyaasaddiisa ama u doodista Falastiiniyiinta. Dhowr muwaadiniin Maraykan ah ayaa la xidhay oo la tarxiilay . ===Siyaasadda Dibadda, 2025- hadda=== Muddadii labaad ee Trump siyaasaddiisa arrimaha dibadda waxaa siyaabo kala duwan loogu sifeeyay Imperialist , balaarin , go'doomiye , iyo autarkist , iyadoo adeegsanaysa fikradda " America First " oo ah asaaskeeda. Maamulkiisu wuxuu door biday awood adag si uu u gaaro yoolalka siyaasadda dibadda, wuxuuna burburiyay ama ka laabtay taageerada ururada gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee u heellan horumarinta awoodda jilicsan ee Maraykanka . Dhaqdhaqaaqyada ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay hoos u dhigayaan saamaynta Maraykanka ee caalamiga ah iyo abuurista bannaan ay buuxiyeen Ruushka iyo Shiinaha . Xidhiidhka Trump ee xulafada waxa uu ahaa macaamil ganacsi oo u dhexeeyay danayn la'aan ilaa cadaawad, oo ay ku jiraan hanjabaad ku darida. Bishii Febraayo 2025, Trump iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka Vance waxay ku dhaleeceeyeen madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy kulan muran badan dhaliyay oo telefishinka laga sii daayay. Warbaahinta ayaa ku tilmaantay iska hor imaad aan hore loo arag oo dhex maray madaxweyne Maraykan ah iyo madax ajnabi ah . Trump iyo maamulkiisa imaan doona ayaa gacan ka geystay dhexdhexaadinta xabbad joojinta dagaalka Gaza oo ay weheliyaan maamulka Biden, oo la dhaqan galiyay maalin ka hor caleema saarkiisa. Bishii Maarso, Israa'iil waxay jebisay xabbad-joojintii . Siyaasadaha dhaqaalaha ee Trump ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo ilaalinaya , iyadoo Trump uu ku soo rogay canshuuraha dalalka intooda badan, oo ay ku jiraan canshuuraha waaweyn ee la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga ee Shiinaha, Canada, iyo Mexico. Wuxuu bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo caalami ah , isagoo ku soo rogay canshuuro heerkii ugu sarreeyay tan iyo 1930kii Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act ee bilawga diiqada weyn . Dhaqaale-yahannadu waxay ku doodeen in maamulku uu si khaldan u fahmay xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhimista ganacsiga iyo canshuuraha, iyaga oo isticmaalaya fikrado khaldan. Narendra Modi ayaa ka falceliyay 50 boqolkiiba tacriifta Trump ee soo dejinta Hindiya isaga oo sii xoojinaya xiriirka Shiinaha. Wuxuu hakiyay tabarucaadkii dhaqaale ee Maraykanku siin jiray Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka . ===Garsoorka, 2025 – hadda=== Garsoorayaasha federaalku waxay u arkeen qaar badan oo ka mid ah falalka maamulka inay yihiin sharci-darro. Ka dib dib-u-dhac xagga sharciga ah, Trump wuxuu kordhiyey dhaleeceynta garsoorka wuxuuna ku baaqay in la soo oogo garsoorayaasha federaalka ee isaga ka soo horjeeday. Wuxu u hanjabay, saxeexay tallaabooyinka fulinta, waxaanu amray in baadhitaan lagu sameeyo dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda, dhaleecaynta, iyo ururrada la safan Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga. Bartamihii Luulyo, falanqaynta Washington Post waxay ogaatay inuu ka soo horjeestay garsoorayaasha iyo maxkamadaha qiyaastii saddex meelood meel dhammaan kiisaska isaga ka dhanka ah, falalka ay ku tilmaameen khubarada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag maamul kasta oo madaxweyne ah. ( 654 ) Diidmada amarada maxkamada iyo sheegashadiisa xaq u lahaanshaha maxkamadaha waxay cabsi galisay khubarada sharciga qalalaasaha dastuuriga ah . Falanqaynta badan oo ay sameeyeen aqoonyahanno akadeemiyadeed iyo The New York Times waxay ogaadeen in labada garsoore ee Jamhuuriga iyo Dimuqraadigu ay heleen cillado badan oo dastuuri ah iyo qaanuuneed oo leh siyaasadaha maamulka Trump. Maamulkiisu wuxuu caddeeyey xuquuq dastuuri ah oo ah inuu iska indhatiro sharciga federaalka isagoo sabab uga dhigaya dhowr tallaabo sida diidmadiisa inuu dhaqan geliyo mamnuucista federaalka ee TikTok , iyada oo khubarada sharciga ay ku tilmaameen inay tahay "awood dastuuri ah oo lagu tallaalayo dhinacyada gaarka ah inay ku kacaan falal kale oo sharci darro ah iyada oo aan la ciqaabin". Waxa kale oo uu ku hawlanaa beegsiga aan hore loo arag ee shirkadaha sharciga iyo qareennada oo hore u matalay jagooyin lid ku ah naftiisa. ==Dhaqan siyaasadeed iyo hadal-hayn== Laga soo bilaabo ololihiisii ​​2016, siyaasadda Trump iyo hadal-hayntiisa ayaa horseeday abuuritaanka dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo loo yaqaan Trumpism. Mawqifkiisa siyaasadeed waa populist ,oo si gaar ah loogu tilmaamay populist garabka midig . Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inuu aqbalay xag-jirnimada midigta-fog , wuxuuna ka caawiyay inuu keeno fikradaha iyo ururrada midigta fog ee guud ahaan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisa iyo hadalladiisa ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Trump waxa uu ku riixay balaadhinta awoodda madaxweynanimada iyada oo la raacayo tafsiir maxalli ah oo ku saabsan aragtida fulinta midaysan . Saldhiggiisa siyaasadeed waxa la barbar dhigay cibaadaysi shakhsiyeed . Hadalka Trump iyo ficilkiisa ayaa lagu eedeeyay in uu abuuray oo uu uga sii daray cadhada iyo kalsooni darada iyada oo la adeegsanayo sheeko "annaga" iyo "iyaga" . Wuxuu si cad oo joogto ah u dhaleeceeyaa jinsiyadda, diinta, iyo qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay, iyo culimadu waxay si joogto ah u ogaadaan in nacaybka jinsiyadeed ee ku saabsan madowga, soogalootiga, iyo Muslimiinta ay yihiin saadaalinta ugu fiican ee taageerada Trump. Hadaladiisa waxa lagu tilmaamay in uu isticmaalay cabsi-cabsi iyo maangaabnimo taas oo sii xoogaysatay ololihiisii ​​madaxtinimada ee 2024 . Wuxuu sheegay inuu rumaysan yahay in awoodda dhabta ahi ay ka timaad cabsi. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Alt-right ayaa isku duubay oo taageeray musharaxnimadiisa, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay qayb ka mid ah diidmada dhaqamada kala duwan iyo socdaalka . Waxa uu leeyahay rafcaan xooggan oo loogu talagalay codbixiyayaasha Masiixiyiinta ah ee wacdiya iyo waddaniyiinta Masiixiyiinta ah , iyo dibad-baxyadiisa waxay qaataan calaamadaha, odhaahda, iyo ajandaha waddaniyadda Masiixiyiinta. Trump waxa uu sidoo kale u adeegsaday shuuci ka soo horjeeda hadaladiisa, isaga oo si joogta ah ugu yeeraya kuwa ka soo horjeeda " Communists " iyo " Marxists ===Aragtida jinsiyadeed iyo jinsiga=== Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinka iyo ficillada Trump ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsurinimo. Ra'yi ururin qaran oo 2018 ah, qiyaastii kala badh ka mid ah jawaab bixiyaasha ayaa sheegay inuu yahay cunsuri; in badan oo ka mid ah waxay aaminsanaayeen in uu ku dhiirraday cunsuriyiinta. Dhowr daraasadood iyo sahanno ayaa lagu ogaaday in dabeecadaha cunsuriyadu ay kiciyeen siyaasadiisa siyaasadeed oo ay aad uga muhiimsan yihiin arrimaha dhaqaalaha ee lagu go'aaminayo daacadnimada codbixiyayaasha Trump. Dabeecadaha cunsuriyiinta iyo Islaam nacaybka ayaa ah tilmaamo xooggan oo muujinaya taageerada Trump. Waxaa lagu eedeeyay cunsurinimo isagoo ku adkeystay koox ka kooban shan dhalinyaro madow iyo Latino ah inay kufsadeen haweeney caddaan ah kiiska 1989 Central Park jogger , xitaa ka dib markii laga saaray 2002. Sannadkii 2011-kii, Trump waxa uu noqday hoggaamiyihii hormoodka u ahaa fikradda shirqoolka cunsuriga ah ee "dhalasho" ee ah in Barack Obama, madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee madow ee Mareykanka, uusan ku dhalan Mareykanka. Waxa uu ku andacooday in uu ku cadaadiyay dawladda in ay daabacdo warqadda dhalashada Obama, taas oo uu u arkay in ay tahay khiyaano. Waxa uu qiray in Obama uu ku dhashay Maraykanka bishii Sebtembar 2016, inkasta oo la sheegay in uu si gaar ah u muujiyay aragtida dhalashada ee 2017. Intii lagu jiray ololihii doorashada 2024, wuxuu sameeyay weeraro been abuur ah oo ka dhan ah aqoonsiga jinsiyadeed ee ka soo horjeeda, Kamala Harris, kaas oo lagu tilmaamay inay xasuusinayaan fikradda shirqoolka dhalashada. Ololihiisii ​​2024 waxa uu si weyn u adeegsaday luqadda bini'aadantinimada ka-hortagga ah iyo fikradaha jinsiyadeed . Sannadkii 2025, wuxuu kor u qaaday sheegashooyinka beenta ah ee xasuuqa cadaanka ah ee Koonfur Afrika wuxuuna abuuray barnaamijka qaxootiga ee Koonfur Afrika . Trump ayaa caado u ah inuu dumarka xaqiro marka uu la hadlayo warbaahinta iyo baraha bulshada. Wuxuu sameeyay faallooyin xunxun, wuxuu naqdiyay muuqaalka dumarka, wuxuuna u tixraacay iyaga oo isticmaalaya ereyo sharaf leh. Laga bilaabo 2020, 26 dumar ah ayaa si fagaare ah ugu eedeeyay anshax-xumo galmo , oo ay ku jiraan kufsi, dhunkasho ogolaansho la'aan, xoqid, fiirinta goonnada haweenka hoostooda, iyo ku lugaynta tartamayaasha qaan-gaarka ee qaawan. Eedeymahaas wuu diiday. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, 2005 " murafoon kulul " ayaa soo baxay isaga oo ku faanaya dhunkashada iyo dhunkashada haweenka iyaga oo aan raalli ka ahayn, isaga oo leh, "Markaad xiddig tahay, waxay kuu oggolaadaan inaad sameyso. Wax kasta waad sameyn kartaa ... Ku qabo feerka . " Waxa uu faallooyinka ku tilmaamay "hadal-qol-badel". Dhacdadan oo si baahsan u soo bandhigtay warbaahinta ayaa keentay raaligelintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee dadweynaha, oo la duubay intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxweynaha 2016. ===Isku xirka rabshadaha iyo dembiyada nacaybka=== Trump ayaa loo aqoonsaday in uu fure u yahay kordhinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee Mareykanka, isaga oo ka dhan ah iyo mid ka dhan ah. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu ku qanacsan yahay xagjirnimada, aragtiyaha shirqoolka sida Q-Anon , iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada xagjirka ah ee midigta fog ilaa xad ka weyn madaxweyne kasta oo Maraykan ah oo casri ah, iyo ku lug lahaanshaha argagixisannimada stochastic . Cilmi-baaristu waxay soo jeedinaysaa in hadalka Trump uu la xiriiro kororka dhacdooyinka dembiyada nacaybka, iyo in uu leeyahay saameyn xoog leh oo ku saabsan muujinta dabeecadaha nacaybka ah sababtoo ah sida caadiga ah ee ereyada jinsiyadeed ee cad. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2016, wuxuu ku booriyay ama ammaanay weerarrada jireed ee ka dhanka ah dibad-baxayaasha ama wariyeyaasha. Eedeysaneyaal badan oo lagu baaray ama lagu soo oogay falal rabshado wata iyo dambiyada nacaybka ayaa soo xigtay hadalladiisa isagoo ku doodaya inaysan ahayn dambiile ama ay tahay inay helaan dabacsanaan. Dib u eegis dalka oo dhan ay samaysay ABC News bishii Maajo 2020 ayaa lagu aqoonsaday ugu yaraan 54 kiis oo danbi ah, laga bilaabo Agoosto 2015 ilaa Abriil 2020, kaas oo loogu yeedhay xidhiidh toos ah oo rabshado ama hanjabaado rabshado ah oo inta badan ay geystaan ​​ragga cadaanka ah iyo ugu horrayn ka dhanka ah dadka laga tirada badan yahay. Diidmada Trump ee ah in uu cambaareeyo kooxda cadaanka ah ee Proud Boys intii lagu jiray dooddii madaxweynenimada ee 2020 iyo faallooyinkiisii, "Wiilasha sharafta leh, istaaga oo garab istaaga", ayaa la sheegay in ay keentay in la kordhiyo shaqaaleysiinta kooxda Trump. Cilmi-baarayaasha la-dagaalanka argagixisanimada ayaa ku tilmaamay taariikhdiisa caadiga ah iyo dib-u-eegistiisa ee Janaayo 6 weerarkii Capitol, iyo bixinta naxariista dhammaan Janaayo 6 rabshad-wadayaasha , sida dhiirigelinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee mustaqbalka. ===Aragtiyo shirqool=== Tan iyo ka hor madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu kor u qaaday fikrado badan oo shirqool ah, oo ay ku jiraan Obama "dhalashada", diidmada isbedelka cimilada , iyo faragelinta Ukraine ee lagu eedeeyay doorashadii Mareykanka . Kadib doorashadii madaxweynaha ee 2020, wuxuu kor u qaaday fikradaha shirqoolka ee guuldaradiisa kuwaas oo lagu sifeeyay " beenta weyn ===Hadalo been ah ama marin habaabin ah=== [[File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png|thumb|Xaqiiq-baarayaasha ka socda Washington Ku dhaji , Toronto Star , iyo CNN waxay soo ururiyeen xog ku saabsan "dacwooyin been ah ama marin-habaabin ah" (asalka orange) iyo "sheegashada beenta ah" (violet foreground).]] Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u sheegaa hadalo been abuur ah oo uu ku jiro hadalo fagaare ah, ilaa xad aan horay loo arag siyaasada Mareykanka . Beentiisu waa qayb gaar ah oo ka mid ah aqoonsigiisa siyaasadeed waxaana lagu tilmaamay inay tahay dab-damis . Hadaladiisa beenta ah iyo marin habaabinta ah waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin-hubi , oo ay ku jiraan The Washington Post , kaas oo 30,573 been abuur ah ama been abuur ah oo uu sameeyay intii lagu jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horreeyay, oo sii kordhaya waqti ka dib. Qaar ka mid ah been-abuurka Trump waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan faa'iido lahayn, halka kuwa kalena ay lahaayeen saameyn aad u fog, sida dhiirrigelintiisa aan la hubin ee dawooyinka ka hortagga duumada sida daaweynta COVID-19, taasoo keentay yaraanta Maraykanka ee daawooyinkan iyo iibsashada argagaxa ee Afrika iyo Koonfurta Aasiya. Macluumaad kale oo khaldan, sida si khaldan loogu sheegay kororka dambiyada England iyo Wales "fidinta argagixisada xagjirka ah", waxay u adeegtay ujeedooyinkiisa siyaasadeed ee gudaha. Weeraradiisa waraaqaha waraaqaha boostada iyo dhaqamada kale ee doorashada ayaa wiiqay kalsoonida dadweynaha ee hufnaanta doorashada madaxweynaha 2020, halka xog-warrankiisa ku saabsan masiibada uu dib u dhigay oo uu wiiqay jawaabta qaranka ee ku wajahan. Caadiyan kama cudur daarato beentiisa. Ilaa 2018, warbaahintu marar dhif ah ayay beentiisa ugu yeertay been, oo ay ku jirto markii uu ku celceliyay hadallo been abuur ah. ===Baraha bulshada=== Joogitaanka baraha bulshada ee Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha caalamka kadib markii uu ku biiray Twitter-ka sanadkii 2009. Waxa uu si isdaba joog ah u soo dhigayay ololihiisii ​​2016-kii iyo intii uu madaxweyne ahaa ilaa Twitter-ka uu mamnuucay ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo. Wuxuu inta badan isticmaali jiray Twitter si uu si toos ah ula xiriiro dadweynaha oo uu u leexiyo saxaafadda; ee 2017, xoghayntiisa saxaafadda ayaa sheegay in tweets- kiisa uu ka kooban yahay bayaannada rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2024 iyo madaxweynanimada labaad wuxuu si joogta ah u dhajiyay waxyaabo AI-soo saaray naftiisa sida astaanta dhaqanka pop-ka ama muhaajiriinta ku jeesjeesa. Ka dib sanado badan oo dhaleecayn ah oo loogu ogolaaday Trump in uu ku dhejiyo macluumaad khaldan iyo been abuur, Twitter ayaa bilaabay in uu ku dhejiyo qaar ka mid ah tweetskiisa hubinta xaqiiqda May 2020. Isagoo ka jawaabaya, wuxuu sheegay in shabakadaha warbaahinta bulshada "gebi ahaanba aamusin" muxaafidka oo uu "si adag u xakameyn doono, ama xidhi doono". Kadib weerarkii Janaayo 6, waxaa laga mamnuucay Facebook , Instagram , Twitter, iyo aalado kale. Luminta joogitaankiisa warbaahinta bulshada ayaa hoos u dhigtay awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu qaabeeyo dhacdooyinka oo la xidhiidha hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid mugga macluumaadka khaldan ee Twitter. Bishii Feebaraayo 2022, waxa uu bilaabay bar-kulanka bulshada ee Truth Social halkaas oo uu ku soo jiitay qayb ka mid ah Twitterkiisa. Elon Musk , ka dib markii uu helay Twitter , wuxuu dib u soo celiyay akoonkiisa Twitter bishii Noofambar 2022. Mamnuucidda labada sano ee Meta Platforms ayaa dhacay Janaayo 2023, taas oo u ogolaatay inuu ku laabto Facebook iyo Instagram. ===Xiriirka saxaafadda=== [[File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg|thumb|Isagoo saxaafadda la hadlaya, March 2017]] Trump waxa uu raadiyay dareenka warbaahinta intii uu ku jiray xirfadiisa, isaga oo ilaalinaya xidhiidhka "jacaylka iyo nacaybka" ee uu la leeyahay saxaafadda. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ka faa'iideystey qaddarka rikoorka ah ee warbaahinta xorta ah, oo lagu qiyaasay $ 2 bilyan. Musharrax ahaan iyo madaxweyne ahaan, wuxuu si joogta ah ugu eedeeyay saxaafadda eexda, isaga oo ku tilmaamay "warbaahinta wararka been abuurka ah" iyo " cadowga dadka ". Madaxtinimadii ugu horreysay ee Trump ayaa hoos u dhigtay war-bixinnada rasmiga ah ee saxaafadda ee boqolkii 2017 ilaa kala badh taas 2018 iyo laba 2019; waxa ay sidoo kale kala noqdeen sharcigii saxaafadeed ee laba wariye oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo ay maxkamaduhu dib u soo celiyeen. Trump's 2020 ol'olihii madaxtinimo wuxuu dacweeyay New York Times , Washington Post , iyo CNN ka dib markii uu aflagaadeeyay qaybo ra'yi ah oo ku saabsan mawqifkiisa faragelinta doorashada Ruushka. Dhammaan dacwadihii waa la diiday. Sannadkii 2024, Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u muujiyay taageerada uu ku mamnuucayo diidmada siyaasadeed iyo dhaleeceynta, wuxuuna sheegay in weriyeyaasha waa in lagu dacweeyaa si aanay u sheegin ilo qarsoodi ah iyo shirkadaha warbaahintu waa inay suurtogal tahay inay lumiyaan shatiyadooda baahinta wararka aan fiicnayn ee isaga. Markii dib loo doortay, Trump wuxuu bilaabay dacwooyin wuxuuna abuuray liis madow oo ka dhan ah warbaahinta qaar, wuxuuna la wareegay nidaamka ay wadaan ururka saxafiyiinta Aqalka Cad si uu u doorto xarumaha ay galaangal u leeyihiin. Halkii loo hoggaansami lahaa amarka maxkamadda ee lagu soo celin lahaa gelitaanka Associated Press , Aqalka Cad wuxuu sameeyay siyaasad xaddidan oo la heli karo dhammaan adeegyada siligga. Guddiga Isgaarsiinta Federaalka ayaa bilaabay baaritaanno lagu sameeyo xarumaha warbaahinta ee lagu eedeeyay eex isaga ka dhan ah. Natiijadii hanjabaadda Trump, madaxda warbaahinta waxay ku amreen saxafiyiinta iyo shaqaalahooda inay is-faafreebaan oo ay yareeyaan dhaleeceynta Trump, iyo CBS waxay isku raaceen inay abuuraan Ombudsman si ay ula socdaan kanaalada wararka si ay xididdada ugu siibaan "eex" CBS News. Bishii Luulyo 2025, wuxuu dacweeyay wargeyska Wall Street Journal daabacaadda sheeko la xiriirta saaxiibtinimadiisii ​​hore ee dembiilaha galmada ee Jeffrey Epstein , taasoo calaamad u ah markii ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne fadhiya uu dacweeyo urur warbaahineed eedeymo sumcad dil ah. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== ===Qoyska=== 1977, Trump wuxuu guursaday Ivana Zelníčková . Waxay lahaayeen saddex carruur ah: Donald Jr. (b. 1977), Ivanka (b. 1981), iyo Eric (b. 1984). Lammaanaha ayaa is furay 1990-kii, ka dib markii uu xiriir la yeeshay moodelka iyo atariishada Marla Maples . Isaga iyo Maples waxay guursadeen 1993 waxayna is fureen 1999. Waxay leeyihiin hal gabadh, Tiffany (b. 1993), oo Maples ku kortay California. Sannadkii 2005, wuxuu guursaday moodelka Slovenia Melania Knauss . Waxay leeyihiin hal wiil, Barron (b. 2006). ===Xiriirka Jeffrey Epstein=== Trump waxa uu saaxiibtimo 15 sano ah la lahaa Jeffrey Epstein ; Dadkii markaas yaqaannay waxay sheegeen inay si joogta ah u garaaci jireen oo ay u tartami jireen dumarka. Dareenka warbaahinta iyo cadaadiska dadweynaha ayaa kordhay 2025, markii maamulkiisu uusan sii dayn faylasha la xidhiidha Epstein , inkastoo Trump uu ballanqaaday inuu sidaas samaynayo intii lagu jiray ololaha 2024. ===Caafimaadka=== Trump waxa uu sheegay in aanu waligii cabbin khamri, sigaar cabin, ama aanu isticmaalin daroogo. Wuxuu seexdaa qiyaastii afar ama shan saacadood habeenkii. Waxa uu golfing ugu yeedhay "qaabka jimicsiga aasaasiga ah", laakiin inta badan ma socdo koorsada. Wuxuu u arkaa jimicsigu inuu yahay tamar tamar sababtoo ah wuxuu aaminsan yahay in jirku yahay "sida batteriga oo kale, oo leh qadar xaddidan oo tamar ah", kaas oo lagu dhammeeyo jimicsiga. Sannadkii 2015, ololahiisu wuxuu sii daayay warqad ka timid dhakhtarkiisii ​​gaarka ahaa ee Harold Bornstein , isagoo sheegay inuu " noqon doono shakhsiga ugu caafimaadka badan ee abid loo doorto madaxweynaha". Sannadkii 2018, Bornstein wuxuu sheegay in Trump uu amar ku bixiyay nuxurka warqadda iyo in saddex ka mid ah wakiillada Trump ay qabsadeen diiwaankiisa caafimaad bishii Febraayo 2017 ee xafiiska Bornstein. ===Diinta=== Trump wuxuu sheegay 2016 inuu ahaa Presbyterian iyo Protestant . Sannadkii 2020, wuxuu sheegay inuu yahay Masiixi aan diin-nabi ahayn . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar badan ayaa su'aal ka keenay qoto dheeraanta xiriirka diimeed. Baadhitaan la sameeyay intii lagu guda jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee Trump (2017-2021) ayaa muujisay in boqolkiiba 63 dadka Maraykanku aanay rumaysnayn in uu diin yahay, inkasta oo uu aaminsan yahay in uu Masiixi yahay, boqolkiiba 44 oo keliya dadka Maraykanka ah ayaa aaminsan in Trump uu yahay Masiixi. Qaar ka mid ah faallooyinka Trump ee Kitaabka Qudduuska ah ama dhaqanka Masiixiga ayaa horseeday in dadka indha indheeya ay soo jeediyaan in aqoonta uu u leeyahay Masiixiyadda ay tahay mid maqaar-saar ah ama khalad ah, qaar yar oo taariikh-nololeed ah ayaa ku tilmaamay Trump mid qoto dheer ama xitaa diineed. Waqtigiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu u magacaabay wadaadkiisa gaarka ah iyo lataliyaha ruuxiga ah, milyaneer teleefaanjiste Paula White-Cain , Xafiiska Xiriirka Dadweynaha ee Aqalka Cad . Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad, wuxuu u magacaabay lataliyeheeda sare Xafiiska cusub ee rumaysadka ee Aqalka Cad . ==Qiimaynta== ===Sawirka dadweynaha=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee Trump, laga bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2020, qiimeynta oggolaanshaha caalamiga ah ee hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos uga dhacday 22 boqolkiiba ra'yi ururin Gallup ee 134 waddan ilaa 16 boqolkiiba - oo ka hooseeya Shiinaha Xi Jinping iyo Vladimir Putin ee Ruushka - ee Pew Research ra'yi ee 13 waddan. Sannadka 2017, qiyaasta hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos u dhacday inta badan xulafada. Gudaha, xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu lahaa taageerada ugu weyn ee xisbiyada: 88 boqolkiiba Jamhuuriga iyo 7 boqolkiiba Dimuqraadiyiinta. Codbixintii Gallup ee 2021, wuxuu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan waligii gaadhin 50 boqolkiiba oggolaanshaha, wuxuuna ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aan la magacaabin ee loogu riyaaqay sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska. Muddadii labaad ee rubuciisii ​​​​hore sida uu qabo Gallup, oggolaanshaha Trump wuxuu ahaa 45 boqolkiiba - xoogaa ka wanaagsan xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, oo aad uga hooseeya celceliska boqolkiiba 60 ee madaxweynayaasha kale. Taageeradu waxa ay ahaan jirtay mid aan kala fogayn; Waxa uu helay oggolaanshaha boqolkiiba 90 ee Jamhuuriga, 37 boqolkiiba madax-bannaanida, iyo boqolkiiba 4 ee Dimuqraadiyiinta. Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad wuxuu sidoo kale arkay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid ra'yiga dadweynaha caalamiga ah ee Maraykanka ===Qiimaynta cilmiga=== Ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee Trump, taariikhyahanadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen Trump inuu yahay madaxweynihii afraad ee ugu xumaa sahanka C-SPAN ee 2021 ee taariikhyahannada madaxtooyada. Waxa uu ku qiimeeyay kuwa ugu hooseeya qaybaha sifooyinka hogaaminta ee awooda akhlaaqda iyo xirfadaha maamulka. Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Siena College 's 2022 sahanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay kan saddexaad. Waxa uu ku jiray kaalmaha ugu hooseeya dhammaan qaybaha marka laga reebo nasiibka, rabitaanka khatarta, iyo hoggaanka xisbiga, waxaanu ka galay kaalinta ugu dambeeya dhowr qaybood. 2018 iyo 2024, xubno ka tirsan Ururka Sayniska Siyaasadda Mareykanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay madaxweynaha ugu xun. ==Xusuusin== a:Bilowgii markii Trump uu saddex sano jirsaday, aabbihii waxa uu siin jiray mid kasta oo carruurtiisa ka mid ah $6,000 sannadkii, lacagta ugu badan ee la oggol yahay iyada oo aan la gelin cashuur hadiyadeed. Si looga fogaado cashuuraha, Fred waxa uu ka dhigay mulkiilayaal laba ka mid ah dhismooyinkiisa guri, isaga oo bixinaya midkiiba $13,928 kirada sannad kasta b:Later , 2015, wuxuu ugu hanjabay dugsigiisa sare, kulliyadaha, iyo Guddiga Kulliyadda tallaabo sharci ah haddii ay sii daayaan diiwaankiisa waxbarasho. C:UPenn's 1968 barnaamijka bilawga ah wuxuu ku taxayaa Trump inuu helay shahaadada koowaad ee Sayniska ee Dhaqaalaha oo aan ahayn qaataha Sharafta Tacliinta d:Kadib Trump waxa uu ku dayan doonaa Peale's Awooda Fikirka Toosan ee Farshaxanka Heshiiska e:Doorashada madaxweynahaee Maraykanka waxaa go'aamiya kulliyadda doorashada Gobol kastaa wuxuu magacaabayaa tiro codbixiyeyaal ah oo la mid ah matalaadda Congress-ka iyo (gobollada intooda badan) dhammaan cod-bixiyayaashu waxay u codeeyaan cidda ku guulaysata codbixinta caanka ah ee gobolkooda. f:Madaxweyne Jamhuuri ah oo ay weheliyaan Jamhuuriga gacanta ku haysa labada gole ee Congress-ka g:CBS kama helin wax diiwaan ah oo dambi ah 75% dadka Venezuela ee la xiray. h: 2025, Pew Research waxay ogaatay dad ku nool dalal badan (12 ka mid ah 20 iyo 4 xiriir) waxay u arkeen Shiinaha inuu yahay dhaqaalaha ugu horreeya adduunka. ==Tixraac== [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html "Michael Cohen ayaa sheegay in Trump uu u sheegay in uu ugu hanjabay iskuulada in aysan sii deynin darajooyinka"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/politics/donald-trump-roy-cohn.html "Muxuu Donald Trump Ka Bartay Ninka Gacanta Midig Ee Joseph McCarthy] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo Kharashka Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka: Addenda et Corrigenda] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo sida Burburiyaha Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka] [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/donald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship "Sidee Donald Trump iyo Roy Cohn's arxan la'aanta Symbiosis u beddeshay Ameerika"] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/jun/21/hillary-clinton/yep-donald-trumps-companies-have-declared-bankrupt/ "Haa, shirkadaha Donald Trump waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay kiciyeen...in ka badan afar jeer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html "Trump waxa uu ku hawlanaa qorshayaal cashuureed oo laga shakisan yahay isaga oo ka guranaya maalkii Aabihiis"] [https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel "Taariikhda dabaylaha ah ee mashruucii ugu horeeyey ee hantida maguurtada ah ee Manhattan ee Donald Trump"] {{Wayback|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel |date=20211009191253 }} [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father "Sheekada beenta ah ee Trump wuxuu ku dhisay boqortooyadiisa 'amaah yar' oo uu ka helay aabihiis"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html "Trump, New Yorker inta nool, wuxuu naftiisa ku dhawaaqay inuu yahay degane Florida"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html "Trump's Plaza Hotel Planruptcy Plan waa la ansixiyay"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html "Trump waxa uu ka iibinayaa Hotel Plaza maalgashadayaasha Sucuudiga iyo Aasiya"] [https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-irs-audit-chicago-hotel-taxes "Hanti-dhawrka IRS ee Trump wuxuu ku kacayaa kharash ka badan 100 milyan oo doolar" Madaxweynihii hore] [https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ "Xaqiiqda ku saabsan kor u kaca iyo dhicitaanka Donald Trump ee Boqortooyada Atlantic City"] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ "Markii Afraad ee Soojiidashada: Sida Donald Trump Uga Sameeyey Fasaxa Isaga] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html "Wax kasta oo ku dhacay qoorta Trump? Way dhammaatay. Sidoo kale waa inta badan boqortooyadii ganacsiga ee Trump"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Toban sano oo Casaanka ah: Tirooyinka Canshuurta ee Trump ayaa muujinaya in ka badan $ 1 bilyan oo khasaare ganacsi ah"] [https://cnn.com/2016/08/22/politics/donald-trump-activist-investor/ "Xilligii Gordon Gekko: Donald Trump ee faa'iidada iyo wakhtiga muranka badan ee maal-galiye firfircoon"] [https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think "Waa maxay sababta uu Donald Trump u leeyahay xiddiga caanka ah ee caanka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee? Ma aha sababta aad u maleyneyso "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-donald-trump-retooled-his-charity-to-spend-other-peoples-money/2016/09/10/da8cce64-75df-11e6-8149-b8d05321db62_story.html "Sida Donald Trump uu dib ugu habeeyey hay'addiisa samafalka si uu u isticmaalo lacagta dadka kale"] [https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/18/media/vince-mcmahon-donald-trump-payments/index.html "Baaritaanno lagu sameeyay lacag-bixinnada xannibaadda ee Vince McMahon ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay soo saareen deeqaha samafalka ee Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html "Trump Foundation waxay amartay inay joojiso lacag ururinta xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee NY"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest "Donald Trump si uu u kala diro aasaaskiisa samafalka ka dib markii ay sii kordhayaan cabashooyinka"] [https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 "Madaxweyne Donald Trump waxa uu amray in uu bixiyo $2M si loo ururiyo hay'adaha aan macaash doonka ahayn taas oo qayb ka ah dacwadda madaniga ah"] [https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12 "Taariikhda dheer ee Trump ee Deutsche Bank waxay hadda noqon kartaa xarunta baaritaanka Robert Mueller"] [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christophermassie/theres-hours-of-audio-of-donald-trumps-nationally-syndicated "Waxaa jira saacado maqal ah oo ah Bandhigga Raadiyaha Qaranka ee Donald Trump's Syndicated 2000-meeyadii"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ "Sida warbaahinta muxaafidka ahi ula wareegayso xisbiga Jamhuuriga"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/02/04/trump-resigns-screen-actors-guild/ "Iyadoo uu wajahayo cayrinta, Trump wuxuu iska casilayaa xubinnimada jilayaasha shaashadda: 'Waxba iima aadan sameynin'] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ "Bush wuxuu yidhi Trump wuxuu ahaa Dimuqraadi in ka badan Jamhuuriga" tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay'] [https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/donald-trump-was-once-a-registered-democrat-and-party-donor-why-did-he-jump-ship/wj85mj5yq "Donald Trump mar wuxuu ahaa deeq bixiye dimuqraadi ah iyo xisbi, haddaba muxuu markabka u booday?"] [https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/ "Donald Trump wuxuu u tartamay madaxweyne sannadkii 2000 dhowr xisbi oo dib u habayn ah] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race "Donald Trump wuxuu ku guuldarreystay inuu ka baxo tartanka doorashada madaxtinimada Mareykanka ee 2012"] [https://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489476187/trump-s-second-amendment-comment-fit-a-pattern-of-ambiguous-speech "Khudbada muranka badan dhalisay ee Donald Trump inta badan way socotaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/ "Su'aalaha Trump wuxuu u baahan yahay NATO, wuxuu qeexayaa siyaasadda dibadda ee aan dhexdhexaad ahayn"] [https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ "Donald Trump wuxuu jebiyey taariikhda dhow isagoo aan soo celin canshuur celinta"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Donald Trump Waxa Uu Qiray In Aanu Bixin Cashuuraha Dakhliga Dowladda Dhexe Muddo Sanado Ah"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html "Tiro taariikhi ah oo codbixiyeyaal ah ayaa xumaaday, waxaana intooda badan loo malaynayaa inay u codeeyaan Clinton"] [https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ "Guusha Trump tusaale kale oo ku saabsan sida Kuliyada Doorashada ay u guuleysato ayaa ka weyn codadka dadweynaha"] [https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience "Donald Trump wuxuu noqon doonaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee Maraykanka ee aan lahayn khibrad siyaasadeed iyo mid milatari"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html "Dacwad ku saabsan xadgudubyada Emoluments Trump waxay kasbatay soo jiidashada maxkamadda"] [https://cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/emoluments-supreme-court-donald-trump-case/ "Maxkamadda sare waxay meesha ka saartay kiisas ka dhan ah Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-donation-salary-white-house/2021/07/29/07723234-efd9-11eb-bf80-e3877d9c5f06_story.html "Trump ma raacay ballan qaadkiisii ​​ahaa in uu ku deeqayo 6-dii bilood ee ugu dambeysay mushaarkiisa madaxtinimo? Waa wax qarsoon"] [https://www.citizensforethics.org/reports-investigations/crew-reports/trump-likely-benefited-from-13-6-million-in-payments-from-foreign-governments-during-his-presidency "Trump waxay u badan tahay inuu ka faa'iidey $13.6 milyan oo ay bixiyeen dowlado shisheeye intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/08/trump-jobs-record/ "Trump wuxuu lahaan doonaa rikoodhkii ugu xumaa ee shaqooyinka taariikhda casriga ah ee Maraykanka. Kaliya maaha masiibada"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html "Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka 2017-kii inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Moscow ee doorashada Mareykanka"] [https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ "Xidhiidh badan oo badan, badan, badan, xiriir badan ayuu Donald Trump la leeyahay Ruushka"] {{Wayback|url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |date=20170228022233 }} [https://www.9news.com.au/world/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-investigation-started-with-alexander-downer-interview/16121e23-bdfc-4f32-9822-e4a7f841e3e4 "Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah: Baadhitaanka Trump ee Ruushka ayaa ka bilaabmay waraysiga Alexander Downer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/us/politics/trump-russia-justice-department.html "Xafiiska Cadaaladda. Weligaa si buuxda uma baarin xiriirka Trump ee Ruushka, saraakiishii hore ayaa yiri "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/30/trump-briefly-acknowledges-that-russia-aided-his-election-falsely-says-he-didnt-help-effort/ "Trump wuxuu si kooban u qirayaa in Ruushku gacan ka geystay doorashadiisa - wuxuuna si been abuur ah u sheegay inuusan gacan ka geysan dadaalka"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/328637/last-trump-job-approval-average-record-low.aspx "Oggolaanshaha shaqada ee Trump ee u dambeeyay 34%; Celceliska waa Rikoor-hoosee 41%"] [https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ "Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee la doortay ee Maraykanka oo aan loo magacaabin ninka loogu jecel yahay Maraykanka sannadkiisii ​​ugu horeeyay"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/655955/trump-inaugural-approval-rating-historically-low-again.aspx "Qiimaynta Ansixinta Daahfurka ee Trump waa mid taariikhiyan mar kale hooseysa"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/11/opinion-of-us-has-worsened-in-countries-around-world-in-last-year-survey-shows "Fikirka Mareykanka ayaa ka sii daray dalalka adduunka sannadkii hore, sahan ayaa muujinaya"] [https://www.c-span.org/presidentsurvey2021/ "Sahaminta Taariikhyahanada Madaxweynaha 2021"b] [https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/trump-cspan-president-ranking-497184 "Trump wuxuu ku soo baxay kaalinta 41-aad ee qiimeynta madaxtinimo ee C-SPAN"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/06/30/presidential-rankings-2021-cspan-historians/ "Taariikhyahanadu waxay kaliya doorteen madaxweynayaasha. Trump ma ahayn kii ugu dambeeyay"] [https://scri.siena.edu/2022/06/22/american-presidents-greatest-and-worst/ "Madaxweynayaasha Mareykanka: kan ugu weyn uguna xun"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/19/opinion/how-does-trump-stack-up-against-the-best-and-worst-presidents.html "Fikirka: Sidee buu Trump uga soo horjeedaa kuwa ugu fiican - iyo kan ugu xun - madaxweynayaasha?"] [https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1232447088/historians-presidents-survey-trump-last-biden-14th "Sahanka maalinta madaxweynayaasha taariikhyahanada, Biden vs. Trump maaha wicitaan dhow"]{{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] 5qu5tem4kg24cu6i7ewkz0qvietprok 299717 299716 2026-06-27T09:16:57Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Eedaynta */ Fixed grammar 299717 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald John Trump''' (wuxuu dhashay [[Juun]] [[14]], 1946) waa siyaasi [[Mareykan]] ah, shaqsi warbaahin ah, iyo ganacsade ah madaxweynaha 47-aad ee Mareykanka . Xubin ka tirsan Xisbiga Jamhuuriga , wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynihii [[45]]-aad ee [[2017]] ilaa 2021. {{Infobox officeholder | image = Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. THIS IS the new official portrait. See the talk page. --> | alt = Sawirka rasmiga ah ee Madaxweynaha 2025, Donald Trump, oo ah nin caddaan ah oo da’ ah, timo huruud khafiif ah leh, xirta surwaal iyo jaakad buluug ah oo leh surwaal laabta ah, taagan hortiisa calanka Maraykanka. | caption = Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2025. | order = 45aad & 47aad <!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] Waxay lahayd isfaham daciif ah oo lagu sii hayo xaaladda hadda jirta (ma jiro xiriir/ilaha lagu tixraaco).--> | office = Madaxweynaha Maraykanka | vicepresident = [[JD Vance]] | term_start = January 20, 2025 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Joe Biden]] | successor = | vicepresident1 = [[Mike Pence]] | term_start1 = January 20, 2017 | term_end1 = January 20, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Barack Obama]] | successor1 = Joe Biden | birth_name = Donald John Trump | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}} | birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]], U.S. | death_place = | party = [[Xisbiga Jamhuuriga (Mareykanka)|Jamhuuriyaan]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–Hadda) | otherparty = {{ubl | [[Xisbiga Dib-u-habaynta ee Mareykanka|Dib-u-habayn]] (1999–2001) | [[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga (Mareykanka)|Dimuqraadiga]] (2001–2009) | [[Siyaasi madax banaan|Madax banaan]] (2011–2012)}} | spouse = {{ubl | {{marriage|[[Ivana Trump|Ivana Zelníčková]]|1977|1990|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|1993|1999|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]]|2005}} }} | children = {{hlist | [[Donald Trump Jr. |Donald Jr.]] | [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] | [[Eric Trump|Eric]] | [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] | Barron }} | parents = {{ubl | [[Fred Trump]] | [[Mary Anne MacLeod]]}} | relatives = [[Qoyska Trump]] | education = [[Jaamacadda Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Shahaadada Sayniska|BS]]) | occupation = {{hlist | Siyaasi | Ganacsade | Shaqsiga warbaahinta }} | residence = [[Aqalka Cad]] | awards = | signature = Donald Trump (Presidential signature).svg | signature_alt = Saxeexa Donald J. Trump oo qaab farshaxan leh, lagu qoray khad. | website = {{ubl | {{URL|donaldjtrump.com|Campaign website}} | {{URL|trumplibrary.gov|Presidential library}} | {{URL|whitehouse.gov|White House website}} | {{URL|trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov|White House archives}} }} | module = {{Listen voice | filename = Donald Trump speaks on declaration of Covid-19 as a Global Pandemic by the World Health Organization.ogg | description = Trump oo ka hadlay bayaanka [[Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka|Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka]] [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 oo ah cudur faafa caalami ah]] | recorded = Maarso 11, 2020 }} }} Waxa uu ka dhashay qoys qani ah oo ku nool magaalada New York, Trump waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay jaamacadda Pennsylvania [[1968]]-dii isaga oo shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaatay cilmiga dhaqaalaha. Waxa uu noqday madaxweynaha ganacsiga hantida ma-guurtada ah ee qoyskiisa 1971-kii, waxa uu u bixiyay ururka Trump , waxa uuna bilaabay in uu helo oo dhiso dhismayaal dhaadheer, hoteello, casinos, iyo koorsooyin golf. Waxa uu bilaabay ganacsiyo dhinac ah, qaar badan oo shati siinaya magaca Trump, waxana uu xareeyay lix shil oo ganacsi 1990-meeyadii iyo 2000-meeyadii. Laga soo bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2015, wuxuu martigeliyay bandhigga telefishanka dhabta ah ee Tababbarka , isagoo xoojiyay caannimadiisa bilyaneer. Isaga oo isu soo bandhigaya siyaasad dibadda ka ah, Trump ayaa ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016-kii oo uu kula tartamay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary klinton . Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu soo rogay xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah toddobo waddan oo Muslimiin u badan, wuxuu ballaariyay darbiga xuduudka Mexico iyo Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaqan geliyey siyaasadda kala fogeynta qoyska ee xadka. Waxa uu dib u rogay xeerarkii deegaanka iyo ganacsiga, waxa uu saxeexay cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada , waxaanu magacaabay saddex garsoore oo Maxkamadda Sare ah. Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, Trump wuxuu ka saaray Mareykanka heshiisyada cimilada, ganacsiga iyo barnaamijka Nukliyeerka Iran, wuxuuna bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo uu la galo Shiinaha . Isaga oo ka jawaabaya masiibada COVID-19 laga soo bilaabo 2020, wuxuu hoos u dhigay darnaantiisa, wuxuu khilaafay saraakiisha caafimaadka, wuxuuna saxiixay Sharciga CARES . Ka dib markii uu lumiyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2020 ee Joe Biden , Trump wuxuu isku dayay inuu baabi'iyo natiijada , isagoo ku dhamaaday weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol 2021. Waxaa lagu riday 2019 ku takrifal awood iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka, iyo 2021 kicin kicin; guurtidu way ku wayday labada jeerba. 2023, Trump waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay kiisaska madaniga ah ee xadgudubka galmada ( Faylasha Epstein )iyo sumcad-dilista iyo khiyaanada ganacsiga . Waxaa lagu helay dambi ah inuu ka been abuuray diiwaannada ganacsiga 2024, taasoo ka dhigtay inuu noqdo madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Mareykan ah oo lagu helo dambi. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2024 ee Kamala Harris , waxaa lagu xukumay siidayn ciqaab la'aan ah , iyo laba eedeymo dambiile ah oo ka dhan ah haynta dukumentiyada sirta ah iyo carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 ayaa la eryay iyada oo aan eex lahayn. Kiis rafaad ah oo la xidhiidha doorashada 2020 ee Joorjiya waa la sugayaa. Trump wuxuu bilaabay madaxweynanimadiisii ​​labaad isagoo bilaabay shaqo ka cayrin ballaaran oo lagu sameeyay shaqaalaha federaalka . Wuxuu ku soo rogay canshuuraha ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan wadamada heerka ugu sarreeya tan iyo diiqada weyn wuxuuna saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Tallaabooyinka maamulkiisa - oo ay ku jiraan cabsi gelinta mucaaradka siyaasadeed iyo bulshada rayidka ah , masaafurinta soogalootiga, beegsiga dadka jinsiga ah, iyo isticmaalka ballaaran ee amarada fulinta - waxay soo saareen in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo ka soo horjeeda sharcinimadooda . Kiisaska caanka ah waxay hoosta ka xariiqeen tafsiirkiisa ballaadhan ee aragtida fulinta ee midaysan waxayna keentay khilaaf weyn oo lala galo maxkamadaha federaalka. Garsoorayaasha ayaa wax badan oo ka mid ah maamulkiisa ku tilmaamay kuwo sharci darro ah, waxaana dhowr jeer lagu tilmaamay kuwo aan sharciga waafaqsanayn. Laga soo bilaabo 2015, qaabka hoggaamineed ee Trump iyo ajandihiisa siyaasadeed - oo inta badan loo yaqaan Trumpism - ayaa wax ka beddelay aqoonsiga xisbiga Jamhuuriga. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinkiisa iyo ficilladiisa ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsuri ama caqli-xumo, wuxuuna sameeyay hadallo been abuur ah ama marin-habaabin ah wuxuuna kor u qaaday aragtiyaha shirqoolka heer aan horay looga baran siyaasadda Mareykanka. Tallaabooyinka Trump, gaar ahaan markiisa labaad, ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay ahaayeen kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geystay dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ka dib, aqoonyahanno iyo taariikhyahannadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen inuu yahay mid ka mid ah madaxweynayaashii ugu xumaa taariikhda Mareykanka Eedayno badana Waxa Loogu Soo jeediyay Dagaalkii Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan Iyo Difaaciisi Israa'iil iyo Carabta Bariga dhexe . ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== [[File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg|thumb|Akadeemiyada Militariga ee New York , 1964]] Donald John Trump waxa uu ku dhashay June 14, 1946, waxa uu ku dhashay cisbitaalka Jamaica ee ku yaala degmada New York ee degmada Queens , waana ilmihii afraad ee Fred Trump iyo Mary Anne MacLeod Trump . Waa Jarmal iyo Iskotish. Wuxuu ku koray walaalihiis ka weyn, Maryanne , Fred Jr. , iyo Elizabeth, iyo walaalkiis ka yar, Robert , oo ku yaal guri 23-qol ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Jamaica Estates ee Queens. Fred Trump wuxuu caruurtiisa siin jiray midkiiba $20,000 sanadkii, una dhiganta $265,000 sanadkii 2024. Trump wuxuu ahaa milyaneer doolarka sicir-bararka lagu hagaajiyay markuu siddeed jir ahaa. Trump wuxuu dhiganayay dugsiga gaarka loo leeyahay ee Kew-Forest ilaa fasalka toddobaad. Wuxuu ahaa ilmo dhib badan, wuxuuna muujiyay xiisaha hore ee ganacsiga aabihiis. Aabihii waxa uu ka diwaan galiyay New York Military Academy , dugsi boodhin ah oo gaar loo leeyahay, si uu u dhamaysto dugsiga sare. Akadeemiyadda ayaa ku riixday ardayda ciyaaraha isboortiga. waxayna bareen muhiimada guusha. Dugsigii sare, darajooyinkiisu way fiicnaadeen ilaa celceliska B. Trump wuxuu tixgeliyey xirfad ganacsi oo muujinaya, laakiin halkii, si uu ugu dhawaado guriga, wuxuu iska diiwaan geliyay Jaamacadda Fordham 1964. Waxa uu ka qaybqaatay barnaamijka Tababarka Saraakiisha Kaydka ah intii lagu jiray sannadkiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, isagoo dhiganayay fasallo ku labisan dharka ciidamada Arbacada kasta, laakiin wuxuu tuuray sannadkiisii ​​labaad. Wuxuu tuuray kubbadda cagta seddex ama afar usbuuc ka dib wuxuuna ahaa kubbadda cagta dhexdhexaad ah iyo ciyaartoy tennis ah. Asxaabtiisa Fordham waxay ku bareen golf. Sannadkiisii ​​yaraa, wuxuu u wareegay Dugsiga Wharton ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania , inta badan wuxuu u safri jiray xafiiska aabbihiis maalmaha fasaxa ah, wuxuuna ka qalin jabiyay Maajo 1968 oo uu ka qaatay shahaadada Sayniska ee dhaqaalaha. Kulliyadda ma ahayn ardaygii ugu sarreeyay ee uu mararka qaarkood sheegan jiray. Waqtigii uu aaday Wharton-halkaas oo uusan ka muuqan liiska kuwa hela abaalmarinta - wuxuu isha ku hayay xirfad ku taal hantida maguurtada ah. Waxa laga reebay qabyo-qoraalka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Vietnam sababtoo ah sheegashada lafaha cidhibtiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee shan sano oo uu ku jiray dugsiga milatariga, wax dan ah uma lahayn inuu dagaal galo. Koritaanka, wuxuu tixgeliyey aabbihiis iyo wadaadka qoyska, Norman Vincent Peale , inuu noqdo lataliyeyaashiisa. Aabihiis wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu yahay "boqor" iyo inuu yahay "dilaaye". Peale wuxuu ku wacdiyey isku kalsoonida sida dhiirigelinta barwaaqada. ==Xirfad ganacsi== ===Hanti ma guurto ah=== Laga bilaabo 1968, Trump waxa uu ka shaqaaleysiiyay Maareynta Trump, shirkadda aabbihiis ee hantida maguurtada ah, taas oo maamusha dhismayaasha dabaqyada dhexe ee Fred uu ka dhisay Queens , Staten Island , iyo Brooklyn . Hawlihiisa ugu muhiimsan waxay ahaayeen ururinta kirada iyo hagaajinta ilaa shan sano. Isagoo soo jiidasho leh iyo qaninimadiisa, Trump wuxuu ka codsaday aabihiis inuu ku ballaariyo Manhattan halkaas oo qiimihiisu sarreeyo, laakiin aabihiis ayaa ku qanacsanaa xaafadaha dibadda. 1971, wuxuu u guuray Manhattan halkaas oo uu qorsheeyay inuu u guuro ganacsiga wuxuuna u socdaalay xafiiska aabihiis. Sannadkaas, aabihiis wuxuu naftiisa ka dhigay guddoomiye iyo madaxweyne Trump, isaga oo kormeeraya 48 shirkadood oo gaar ah iyo 15 iskaashiga qoyska. Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ururka Trump u isticmaalo dalad ahaan magacyada shirkadaha ganacsi ee aabihiis. Roy Cohn , saamaynta hore ee Trump ee ugu muhiimsan aabihiis ka dib, wuxuu ahaa hagaajintiisa , qareenka, iyo lataliye. sannadihii 13 ee 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii. Cohn wuxuu baray Trump inuu u maleeyo in noloshu tahay macaamil ganacsi. 1973, Cohn wuxuu ka caawiyay Trump inuu ka soo horjeesto dawladda Mareykanka $ 100 milyan (oo u dhiganta $ 708 milyan 2024. eedeymaha ah in guryaha Trump ay takooreen codsadeyaasha madow iyo kireystayaasha. Eedihii Trump waa la laalay, waxaana kiiskii dawladda lagu dhameeyey Trumps oo saxeexay amar oggolaansho oo oggolaaday in meesha laga saaro. Afar sano ka dib, Trumps ayaa mar kale wajahay maxkamadaha markii lagu helay inay diidaan wareegtada. Caawinta mashaariicda Trump, Cohn wuxuu ahaa consigliere kaas oo isku xirka Mafia ay gacanta ku hayaan ururrada dhismaha. Sannadkii 1979-kii, Cohn wuxuu Trump u soo bandhigay la-taliyaha siyaasadda Roger Stone , kaasoo qoray adeegyada Stone si uu ula macaamilo dowladda federaalka. Trump waxa uu ka guuray istuudiyaha isaga oo u guuray guri guri leh oo aragti ah waxa uuna helay shatiga dilaalnimada guryaha bartamihii 1970-meeyadii. Kahor da'da soddon sano, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaankiisa dacwadda, iyada oo aan loo eegin natiijada iyo kharashka; xitaa markii laga badiyay, wuxuu kiiska ku tilmaamay guul. In ka badan soddon sano laga soo bilaabo 2018, Trump wuxuu ku lug lahaa in ka badan 4,000 oo dacwado ah, deymo, iyo faylalyo kale, oo inta badan loo xareeyay lacag la'aan isaga oo ka soo horjeeda shaqaalaha, qandaraaslayaasha, dilaaliinta guryaha, iyo qareenadiisa. Intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009 , Trump wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix ka mid ah ganacsigiisa: Plaza Hotel ee Manhattan, casinos ee Atlantic City, New Jersey , iyo Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts company. Sannadkii 1992, Trump, walaalihiis Maryanne, Elizabeth, iyo Robert, iyo ina-adeerkiis John W. Walter waxay samaysteen All County Building Supply & Maintenance Corp, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay 20 boqolkiiba. Shirkaddu ma lahayn xafiisyo waxaana lagu eedeeyay inay ahayd shirkad qolof ah oo bixisa bixinta adeegyada iyo saadka guryaha kiraynta Trump, ka dibna biilasha adeegyadaas iyo sahayda Maamulka Trump u dhigma 20-50 boqolkiiba iyo ka badan. Milkiilayaasha ayaa wadaagay dakhliga ka soo xarooday calaamaduhu. Kharashka la kordhiyey waxa loo isticmaalay in lagu helo ogolaanshaha gobolka ee kordhinta kirada unugyadiisa kirada-degan. Bishii Janaayo 1994, walaalaha waxay samaysteen Apartment Management Associates waxayna la wareegeen khidmadaha maaraynta ee ay hore u qaadi jirtay Maamulka Trump. Sidoo kale sicir-bararka kirada, qorshayaasha ayaa u adeegay in lagu wareejiyo hantida Fred Trump caruurtiisa iyo adeerka oo hoos loo dhigo culeyska canshuurta. ===Manhattan iyo Chicago horumarka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_with_model_of_Television_City.jpg|thumb|1985-kii oo wata moodal ka mid ah mashruuciisii ​​horumarinta Manhattan ee la soo riday ]] Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha dadweynaha 1978-dii markii uu bilaabay qoyskisa ganacsigii ugu horreeyay ee Manhattan: dib u cusboonaysiinta hudheelka Commodore ee burburay , oo ku dheggan Grand Central Terminal. Maalgelinta waxa fududeeyey $400 milyan oo cashuur dhimis ah oo hantida magaalada ah oo uu u habeeyey isaga oo uu aabbihiis u habeeyey kaas oo sidoo kale, si wada jir ah ula Hyatt , u dammaanad qaaday $70 milyan amaah dhismaha bangiga ah. Hudheelka ayaa dib loo furay 1980-kii isagoo ah Grand Hyatt Hotel , isla sanadkaas, wuxuu helay xuquuq uu ku horumarinayo Trump Tower , oo ah dhismo isku dhafan oo ku yaal Midtown Manhattan. Dhismuhu wuxuu ku yaalaa xarunta dhexe ee Trump Corporation iyo Trump's PAC wuxuuna ahaa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ilaa 2019. 1988, Trump wuxuu ku iibsaday Plaza Hotel isagoo dayn ka helay shirkado ay leeyihiin 16 bangi. Hudheelka ayaa loo gudbiyay ilaalinta musalsalka 1992, waxaana la ansixiyay qorshe dib-u-habayn bil ka dib, iyadoo bangiyada ay la wareegayaan hantida. Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu iska diiday in ka badan $3 bilyan oo deymo bangi ah, amaah-bixiyayaashuna waxay la wareegeen Hotel Plaza oo ay la socdaan badi hantidiisa kale "dib u habeyn ballaaran oo bahdilaad ah" taasoo u ogolaatay inuu ka fogaado khasaare shakhsi ah. Qareenka hogaanka bangiga ayaa sheegay go'aanka bangiyada in "dhammaan waxay isku raaceen in uu ka nolol fiicnaan lahaa dhimashada". Sannadkii 1996-kii, Trump waxa uu la wareegay oo dib u habayn ku sameeyay dhisme 71 dabaq ah oo inta badan bannaanaa oo ku yaalla 40 Wall Street , oo markii dambe loo beddelay Dhismaha Trump. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, wuxuu ku guuleystay xaqa uu u leeyahay inuu horumariyo dhul 70-acre (28 ha) ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Lincoln Square ee u dhow webiga Hudson. Isagoo ku dhibtoonaya deynta ganacsiyada kale ee 1994, wuxuu ka iibiyay inta badan danihiisa mashruuca maalgashadayaasha Aasiya, kuwaas oo maalgeliyay dhamaystirka mashruuca, Riverside South . Mashruucii ugu dambeeyay ee Trump ee dhismaha wuxuu ahaa 92-dabaq ee isku dhafan ee isticmaalka Trump International Hotel iyo Tower ee Chicago, kaas oo la furay 2008. 2024, The New York Times iyo ProPublica ayaa sheegay in Adeegga Dakhliga Gudaha uu baarayay haddii uu laba jeer qoray khasaaraha soo gaaray iyada oo loo marayo kharashka dhismaha iyo iibinta iibinta guryaha yar ee dib u celinta 8. ===casinos Atlantic magaalada=== [[File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg|thumb|Galitaanka Trump Taj Mahal ee Atlantic magaalada]] 1984, Trump wuxuu Harrah ka furay Trump Plaza , hudheel iyo casino, iyada oo maalgelin iyo caawimo maamul ay ka heshay Shirkadda Holiday . Waxay ahayd mid aan faa'iido lahayn, wuxuuna bixiyay Holiday $ 70 milyan bishii Maajo 1986 si uu keligiis u maamulo.  Sannadkii 1985-kii, waxa uu iibsaday hudheelka Atlantic City Hilton oo aan la furin oo uu u beddelay qalcadda Trump . Labada casinos waxay xareeyeen cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta 1992.  Trump wuxuu iibsaday goobta saddexaad ee Atlantic City 1988, Trump Taj Mahal . Waxaa lagu maalgeliyay $675 milyan oo doollar oo junk bonds ah waxaana lagu dhammeeyey $1.1 bilyan, oo la furay Abriil 1990. Waxa uu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta ee 1991. Sida ku cad qodobbada heshiiska dib-u-qaabaynta, waxa uu ka tanaasulay kala badh saamigiisii ​​hore oo shakhsi ahaan dammaanad qaaday waxqabadka mustaqbalka. Si uu u dhimo $900 milyan ee daynta gaarka ah, waxa uu iibiyay diyaaradda Trump Shuttle ; megayacht, Princess Trump , kaas oo laga kireeyay casinoskiisa oo lagu hayo; iyo ganacsiyo kale.  Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), kaas oo qaatay lahaanshaha Trump Plaza.  THCR waxa ay iibsatay Taj Mahal iyo Qasriga Trump 1996 waxana uu kacay 2004 iyo 2009, isaga oo ka tagay lahaanshaha boqolkiiba 10. Waxa uu ahaa guddoomiyaha ilaa 2009. ===Naadiyada Golf-ka=== Sanadkii 1985, Trump wuxuu la wareegay dhismaha Mar-a-Lago ee Palm Beach, Florida. Sannadkii 1995-kii, wuxuu u beddelay hantidii koox gaar ah oo leh lacag bilaw ah iyo kharashyo sannadle ah. Wuxuu sii waday inuu u isticmaalo baalka guriga sidii guri gaar ah. Waxa uu ku dhawaaqay naadigiisa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ee 2019. Waxa uu bilaabay dhisidda iyo iibsiga koorsooyinka golf- ka 1999-kii, isaga oo haysta 17 koorso golf ah 2016. ===Shati siinta magaca Trump=== Ururka Trump wuxuu inta badan shati u siiyay magaca Trump ee badeecadaha iyo adeegyada macaamiisha, oo ay ku jiraan cuntooyinka, dharka, koorasyada waxbarashada, iyo alaabta guriga. In ka badan 50 heshiisyada shatiga ama maamulka ayaa ku lug lahaa magaca Trump, isaga oo u soo saaray ugu yaraan $59 milyan shirkadihiisa. Sannadkii 2018, kaliya laba shirkadood oo alaabta macaamiisha ah ayaa sii waday inay sii wataan shatiga magaciisa. Intii lagu jiray 2000-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu magaciisa shati u siiyay horumarinta guryaha la dego ee adduunka oo dhan, 40 kuwaas oo aan waligood la dhisin. ===Dhaqdhaqaaqyada dhinaca=== [[File:Donald_Trump_and_Doug_Flutie_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Trump_Tower.jpg|thumb|1985 New Jersey Generals shir jaraa'id ee Trump Tower]] Sannadkii 1970-kii, Trump waxa uu galiyay $70,000 oo hantida aabbihiis ah si uu u helo biilasha isaga oo ka mid ah soo saaraha majaajilada Broadway-waxana uu lumiyay lacagtii. Ka dib markii uu u sameeyay dalabyo kubbadda hoose ee New York Mets iyo kooxihii Cleveland Indians baseball, 1983 ilaa $6 milyan, wuxuu iibsaday New Jersey Generals , koox ka tirsan Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Mareykanka . Horyaalka ayaa isku laabmay ka dib xilli ciyaareedkii 1985, oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku daygiisa inuu u guuro jadwalka dayrta (marka ay la tartami lahayd Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Qaranka ee dhagaystayaasha) iyo isku daygiisii ​​ahaa inuu ku qasbo ku biirista NFL isagoo keenaya suudh liddi ku ah. Trump iyo Hotelkiisa Plaza waxa ay marti galiyeen dhowr ciyaarood oo feerka ah hoolka shirarka ee Atlantic City Convention Hall . 1989 iyo 1990, wuxuu magaciisa ku siiyay tartanka tartanka baaskiilka ee Tour de Trump , isku dayga uu ku abuurayo Maraykan u dhigma jinsiyadaha Yurub sida Tour de France ama Giro d'Italia . Laga soo bilaabo 1986 ilaa 1988, wuxuu iibsaday qaybo badan oo saamiyo ah shirkado kala duwan oo dawladeed isagoo soo jeediyay inuu damacsan yahay inuu la wareego shirkadda kadibna uu iibiyo saamigiisa faa'iido, taasoo keentay in dadka indha indheeya ay u maleynayaan inuu ku hawlan yahay ganacsiga cagaaran .waqtiga New York waxay ogaatay in uu markii hore malaayiin doolar ku sameeyay macaamil ganacsi oo noocaas ah, laakiin "luminaya inta badan, haddii aysan ahayn dhammaan, faa'iidooyinkaas ka dib markii maalgashadayaasha ay joojiyeen in ay si dhab ah u qaataan hadalkiisa". [[File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG|thumb|Xiddiga Trump ee Socodka caanka ah ee Hollywood]] 1988, Trump waxa uu iibsaday Shuttle-ka Diyaaradaha ee Bari , isaga oo ku maal-geliyay iibsiga $380 milyan (oo u dhiganta $1.01 bilyan ee 2024 oo amaah ah oo ka socota bangiyada 22. Waxa uu u beddelay shirkadda duulimaadka ee Trump Shuttle waxana uu ku shaqaynayey ilaa 1992. Waxa uu diiday deymihiisii ​​1991-kii, lahaanshahana waxa uu u gudbay bangiyada. 1996-kii, wuxuu soo iibsaday Miss Universe pageants, oo ay ku jiraan Miss USA iyo Miss Teen USA . Sababtoo ah khilaafyada CBS ee ku saabsan jadwalka, wuxuu u qaaday labada bog ee NBC ee 2002. 2007, wuxuu helay xiddig ku socda Hollywood Walk of Fame shaqadiisa soo saaraha Miss Universe. NBC iyo Univision waxay hoos u dhigeen boggaga bishii Juun 2015 iyaga oo ka falcelinaya faallooyinkiisa ku saabsan soogalootiga Mexico. Sannadkii 2005, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Jaamacadda Trump , oo ah shirkad iibisa siminaarada guryaha ilaa $35,000. Ka dib markii maamulka Gobolka New York ay ku wargaliyeen shirkadda in isticmaalkeeda "jaamacad" ay jabisay sharciga gobolka (maadaama aysan ahayn machad akadeemiyadeed), magaceeda waxaa loo beddelay Trump Entrepreneur Initiative 2010. Sannadkii 2013, Gobolka New York wuxuu gudbiyay $ 40 milyan dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Jaamacadda Trump, isagoo ku eedeeyay in shirkadu ay samaysay hadallo been abuur ah oo ay khiyaanaysay macaamiisha. Intaa waxaa dheer, laba tallaabo oo heer caalami ah ayaa laga gudbiyay maxkamad federaali ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyo shirkadihiisa. Dukumiintiyo gudaha ah ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in shaqaalaha lagu amray inay adeegsadaan qaab si adag loo iibiyo, waxaana shaqaalihii hore ay caddeeyeen in jaamacadda Trump ay khiyaameysay ama been u sheegtay ardaydeeda. Wax yar ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016, wuxuu ogolaaday inuu bixiyo wadarta $ 25 milyan si loo xalliyo saddexda kiis. ===Aasaaska=== Donald J. Trump Foundation wuxuu ahaa aasaaska gaarka ah ee la aasaasay 1988. Laga soo bilaabo 1987 ilaa 2006, Trump wuxuu siiyay aasaaskiisa $ 5.4 milyan, taas oo ku baxday dhammaadkii 2006 . Vince McMahon . Aasaaska ayaa la siiyay samafalka caafimaadka- iyo isboortiga la xiriira, kooxaha muxaafidka ah, iyo samafal oo qabtay munaasabadaha guryaha Trump. Sannadkii 2016, The Washington Post ayaa sheegtay in hay'ad samafal ahi ay geysatay dhowr xadgudubyo xagga sharciga iyo anshaxa ah, oo ay ku jiraan is-wax-ka-qabasho iyo canshuur lunsi . Sidoo kale 2016, xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York ayaa sheegay in aasaaska uu ku xad-gudbay sharciga gobolka iyadoo la codsanayo deeqaha iyada oo aan la soo gudbin xisaab-celinta dibadda ee sannadlaha ah ee loo baahan yahay oo uu ku amray inay joojiso hawlaheeda lacag-ururinta ee New York isla markiiba. Kooxda Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay December 2016 in aasaaska la burburin doono. Bishii Juun 2018, xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York wuxuu gudbiyay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah aasaaska, Trump, iyo caruurtiisa qaangaarka, iyagoo raadinaya $2.8 milyan oo magdhow ah iyo ganaaxyo dheeraad ah. Bishii Diseembar 2018, aasaaska shaqada wuu joojiyay oo wuxuu u qaybiyay hantidiisa hay'ado kale oo samafal ah. ]Bishii Noofambar 2019, garsooraha gobolka New York ayaa ku amray Trump inuu bixiyo $2 milyan oo doolar koox samafal ah oo si khaldan u isticmaalay lacagaha mu'asasada, qayb ahaan si loo maalgeliyo ololihiisa madaxtinimo. ===Arrimaha sharciga iyo kacsiga=== Marka loo eego dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyay faylalka maxkamadda gobolka iyo federaalka oo ay samaysay USA Today sanadkii 2018, Trump iyo ganacsigiisu waxay ku lug lahaayeen in ka badan 4,000 oo tallaabo sharci oo heer gobol iyo federaal ah. Inkastoo uusan u xarayn kicinta shakhsi ahaaneed , ganacsigiisa hudheelka iyo casinos ee Atlantic City iyo New York wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix jeer intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009. Waxay sii wadeen inay shaqeeyaan halka bangiyada ay dib u habeyn ku sameeyeen deynta waxayna yareeyeen saamiyadiisa guryaha. Intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii, in ka badan 70 bangi ayaa Trump amaahiyay $4 bilyan. Ka dib markii uu kacday shirkaddiisa horraantii 1990-meeyadii, bangiyada ugu waaweyn, marka laga reebo Deutsche Bank , waxay diideen inay amaahiyaan isaga. Ka dib weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol , bangigu wuxuu go'aansaday inuusan ganacsi la samayn isaga ama shirkadiisa xiriirka la leh mustaqbalka. ===Maalka=== [[File:State Visit of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia State Dinner Receiving Line with Ivana Trump and Donald Trump in East Room - DPLA - 1a44d05819eab8ba3dcf7a6883ad92ba.jpg|thumb|Trump (midigta midig) iyo xaaskiisa Ivana oo 1985-kii casho sharaf dawladeed u sameeyey [[Boqor]] Fahad ee [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo ay la yeesheen Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan iyo Marwada Koowaad ee Nancy Reagan]] Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu shaqadiisa ku bilaabay “amaah yar oo hal milyan oo dollar ah” oo uu aabihii ka helay oo ay ahayd in uu dib ugu bixiyo ribo. Waxa uu ka amaahday ugu yaraan $60 milyan aabbihii, inta badan ma bixin deymihii, oo waxa uu ka helay $413 milyan oo kale (2018 u dhiganta, oo loo habeeyey sicir bararka) shirkadda aabihiis.  Isaga oo iska dhigaya sarkaal ka tirsan Ururka Trump oo lagu magacaabo " John Barron ", Trump wuxuu wacay saxafiga Jonathan Greenberg [[1984]], isagoo isku dayaya inuu darajo sare ka helo liiska Forbes 400 ee hodanka Mareykanka. Trump wuxuu iskiis u sheegay qiimihiisa saafiga ah: laga jaray $900 milyan 1990  ilaa $10 bilyan 2015. Sannadkii 2015, Forbes wuxuu ku qiyaasay hantidiisa $4.5 bilyan, iyadoo lagu salaynayo waraysiyo lala yeeshay in ka badan 80 ilo. Sannadkii 2025, majaladda ayaa ku qiyaastay hantidiisa $5.1 bilyan waxayna ku qiimeysay qofka 700-aad ee ugu qanisan adduunka. ==Xirfadda warbaahinta== Trump waxa uu daabacay 19 buug oo magaciisa ku qoran, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay qoreen ama ay qoreen kuwa wax qora . Buugiisi ugu horeeyay, The Art of the Deal (1987), waxa uu ahaa New York Times iibiyaha ugu fiican , waxaana lagu tiriyaa New Yorker in uu Trump ka dhigay mid caan ku ah "astaanta maalqabeenada guulaystay". Buugga waxaa qoray Tony Schwartz , kaas oo loo aqoonsan yahay qoraaga. Trump wuxuu lahaa muuqaalo filimaan badan iyo bandhigyo telefishan laga soo bilaabo 1985 ilaa 2001 . Wuxuu si goos-goos ah ugu soo muuqday shirkadda legdinta ee WWE laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii oo ay ku jiraan WrestleMania 23 ee 2007. Laga bilaabo 1990-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu u muuqday 24 jeer isagoo marti ku ah bandhigga Howard Stern Show ee qaranka . Waxa uu lahaa barnaamij sheeko gaaban oo raadiyaha ah, Trumped! , laga bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2008. Laga soo bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2015, wuxuu ahaa faallooyinka martida ee Fox & Friends . Sannadkii 2021, Trump, oo xubin ka ahaa tan iyo 1989, wuu iska casilay SAG-AFTRA si uu uga fogaado dhageysiga edbinta ee ku saabsan weerarkii Janaayo 6. Laba maalmood ka dib, ururka shaqaalaha ayaa si joogto ah u diiday isaga. ===Tababbarka iyo Xirfadlaha caanka ah=== Soo saaraha Mark Burnett ayaa Trump ka dhigay xiddig telefishan ah markii uu abuuray The Apprentice , kaas oo Trump uu martigeliyay 2004 ilaa 2015 (oo ay ku jiraan kala duwanaanshaha The Celebrity Apprentice ). Bandhigyada, waxa uu ahaa madaxa fulinta sare oo meesha ka saaray tartamayaasha odhaahda " waad cayrisay". The New York Times ayaa ugu yeedhay sawirkiisa "mid aad u faanaysi badan, oo aad u khayaali ah" naftiisa. Bandhigyadu waxay dib u dhigeen sawirka Trump malaayiin daawadayaal ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. Heshiisyada shatiga ee la xidhiidha, waxay kasbadeen in ka badan $400 milyan. ==Himilooyinka siyaasadeed ee hore== Trump wuxuu ka diiwaan gashan yahay Jamhuuriya ahaan Queens 1969 iyo Manhattan 1987; xubin ka mid ah Xisbiga Madaxbanaanida , gobolka New York ee xisbiga Reform Party , 1999; Dimuqraadiyiintii 2001 ; Jamhuuriyaddii 2009; aan xiriir la lahayn 2011; iyo Jamhuuriya 2012 [[File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor.jpg|thumb|Isagoo ka hadlaya CPAC , [[Febraayo]] 2011]] 1987, Trump wuxuu xayeysiisyo bog buuxa ah ku dhejiyay wargeysyada waaweyn oo muujinaya aragtidiisa ku aaddan siyaasadda dibadda iyo sida loo tirtiro hoos u dhaca miisaaniyadda federaalka. Sannadkii 1988-kii, waxa uu la xidhiidhay Lee Atwater , isaga oo waydiisanaya in la tixgeliyo in uu yahay musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga ee George HW Bush . Bush wuxuu codsigaas u helay "mid qariib ah oo aan la rumaysan karin". Trump waxa uu ahaa musharrax 2000 ee xisbiga Reform Party ee horudhaca madaxtinnimada saddex bilood ka hor inta uusan ka tanaasulin Febraayo 2000 . Waxa uu ka hadlay shirkii waxqabadka siyaasadda ee muxaafidka bishii Febraayo, wuxuuna khudbado ka jeediyay gobollada horudhaca ah ee horudhaca ah. Bishii Maajo 2011, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuusan tartami doonin ==2016 doorashada madaxweynaha== Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay inuu u sharaxan yahay doorashada 2016 June 2015. Waxa uu u ololeeyay sidii maalqabeen, ganacsade guul leh iyo shisheeye aan khibrad siyaasadeed lahayn, wuxuuna ku andacoodey in warbaahintu u xaglinayso isaga. Hadaladiisa ol'olaha badanaa waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan caddayn oo soo jeedin ah, iyo lambarka rikoodhku waa been. Waxa uu noqday murashaxa ugu horreeya ee Jamhuuriga bishii March 2016 waxaana lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay musharaxa Jamhuuriga ee la malaynayo bishii May [[File:Donald_Trump_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg|thumb|Ololaha Arizona, Maarso 2016]] Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay NATO mid "dhacday" iyo aragtiyo la isku halleyn karo oo lagu tilmaamay Washington Post inay yihiin kuwo aan dhexdhexaad ahayn iyo ilaalin . Ololihiisa ololaha wuxuu xooga saaray dib u gorgortanka xiriirka US-China iyo heshiisyada ganacsiga xorta ah sida NAFTA iyo si adag u dhaqan gelinta sharciyada socdaalka. Jagooyinka kale ee ololaha waxaa ka mid ah raadinta madaxbannaanida tamarta iyada oo ka soo horjeeda xeerarka isbeddelka cimilada, casriyeynta adeegyada loogu talagalay halyeeyada , baabi'inta iyo beddelka sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo , baabi'inta heerarka waxbarashada aasaasiga ah , maalgelinta kaabayaasha , fududaynta koodhka canshuurta iyada oo la dhimayo canshuuraha, iyo ku soo rogida canshuuraha soo dejinta ee shirkadaha ka shaqeeya xeebaha. Waxa uu ku taliyey in la kordhiyo kharashaadka milatariga iyo in si xad dhaaf ah loo baadho ama laga mamnuuco soogalootiga dalalka Muslimka u badan. Waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu darbi ka dhisayo xudduudda Mexico iyo Maraykanka, waxa uuna wacad ku maray in Mexico ay bixin doonto kharashka. Wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu masaafurin doono malaayiin muhaajiriin sharci darro ah oo ku nool Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaleeceeyay dhalashada dhalashada inuu dhiirigelinayo " carruurta barroosinka ah ". Sida laga soo xigtay falanqaynta Sayniska Siyaasadda ee Quarterly , Trump wuxuu sameeyay "ras-raac cad oo cunsurinimo iyo jinsiyeed ah si uu uga guuleysto codbixiyayaasha cadaanka ah" intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxtinimada ee 2016. Gaar ahaan, khudbadiisii ​​ololaha ololaha ayaa soo jiidatay dhaleeceyn ku aaddan sheegashada muhaajiriinta reer Mexico "waxay keeneen daroogo, waxay keeneen dambi, waa kufsi"; oo ka jawaabaya, NBC waxay ka eriday Xirfadlaha caanka ah . Warbixinada Trump ee FEC ee looga baahan yahay ayaa ku taxay hantida ka sareysa $1.4 bilyan iyo deymaha taagan ee ugu yaraan $315 milyan. Ma uusan sii deyn canshuur celintiisa , taasoo lid ku ah dhaqanka musharax kasta oo weyn tan iyo 1976 iyo ballanqaadkiisii ​​2014 iyo 2015 inuu sidaas sameyn doono haddii uu u tartamo jagada. ( 166 ) Wuxuu sheegay in canshuur celintiisa la baarayo , qareennadiisuna ay kula taliyeen inuusan sii deyn. Kadib dagaal dheer oo maxkamadeed oo lagu joojinayo sii deynta canshuur celintiisa iyo diiwaanada kale ee qareenka degmada Manhattan si loogu sameeyo dambi baaris, oo ay ku jiraan laba racfaan oo uu Trump u gudbiyay Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka , Febraayo 2021 maxkamadda sare waxay ogolaatay in diiwaannada loo sii daayo dacwad oogaha si ay u eegaan xeerbeegti weyn. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, qaybo ka mid ah dacwadaha gobolka Trump ee 1995 ayaa loo siidaayay wariye ka socda New York Times . Waxay muujinayaan inuu ku dhawaaqay inuu khasaaray $ 916 milyan sanadkaas, taas oo u ogolaan karta inuu ka fogaado canshuuraha ilaa 18 sano. Trump ayaa ku guuleystay 306 cod oo la ballanqaaday halka 232 ay heshay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary Clinton . Ka dib markii doorashadi labada dhinac ay ka baxeen , tirinta rasmiga ah waxay ahayd 304 ilaa 227 . Waxa uu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan ka mid ahayn ciidamada, mana qaban wax xafiis dawladeed ka hor inta uusan noqon madaxweynaha. Doorashadiisu waxay calaamad u ahayd soo noqoshada dawlad Jamhuuriya oo aan qaybsanayn . Guusha Trump waxay dhalisay mudaaharaadyo ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Maraykanka ==Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay (2017-2021)== [[File:Donald_Trump_swearing_in_ceremony.jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , oo uu maamulayo madaxa cadaalada John G. Roberts Jr. , Janaayo 20, 2017]] [[File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg|thumb|Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2017]] ===Ficilada hore=== Trump ayaa la caleemasaaray Janaayo 20, 2017. Maalin ka dib markii la caleemasaaray, qiyaastii 2.6 milyan oo qof oo adduunka ah, oo ay ku jiraan 500,000 oo ku nool Washington, DC, ayaa mudaaharaad ka dhan ah isaga oo ka qeyb qaatay socodkii haweenka . Intii lagu guda jiray usbuucii ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump wuxuu saxiixay lix amar fulineed , oo ay ku jiraan oggolaanshaha habraacyada baabi'inta sharciga ilaalinta bukaanka iyo daryeelka la awoodi karo ("Obamacare"), ka noqoshada wada-xaajoodka iskaashiga Trans-Pacific, horumarinta mashaariicda Keystone XL iyo Dakota Access Pipeline , iyo qorsheynta darbiga xadka Maraykanka ee Mexico. ===Isku dhacyada xiisaha=== Ka hor inta aan la caleema-saarin, Trump wuxuu ganacsigiisa u raray kalsooni la burin karo , halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa kalsooni indho la'aan ama habayn u dhigma "si uu naftiisa uga gooyo danihiisa ganacsi". Wuxuu sii waday inuu ka faa'iidaysto ganacsigiisa wuxuuna ogaa sida siyaasadda maamulkiisu u saamaysay. Inkasta oo uu sheegay in uu ka fogaan doono "heshiisyada cusub ee ajnabiga ah", Ururka Trump wuxuu dabagalay ballaarinta hawlgalka ee Scotland, Dubai, iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dominican. ​​Lobbyists, saraakiisha dawladda shisheeye, deeq-bixiyeyaasha Trump iyo xulafadooda ayaa boqolaal milyan oo doolar u soo ururiyay goobihiisa dalxiiska iyo hoteellada. Trump ayaa lagu dacweeyay inuu ku xad-gudbay Qodobbada Emoluments Gudaha iyo Dibadda ee Dastuurka Mareykanka , markii ugu horreysay ee qodobbada si cad loo dacweeyay. Hal kiis ayaa lagu diiday maxkamadda hoose. Labo ayaa Maxkamadda Sare ay shaqada ka cayrisay ka dib markii uu xilka qabtay. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu ugu deeqayo mushaharkiisa madaxtinnimo iyo faa'iidada uu ka helo dammaanadda shisheeye ee dawladda Maraykanka. Waxa uu ugu deeqay mushaharkiisa hay'adaha federaalka waxana uu dacaayadeeyay deeq kasta ilaa Juulay 2020. Wakaaladaha federaaliga ah ee ay sahamisay The Washington Post bishii Luulyo 2021 waxa ay sheegeen in aanay wax hadiyad ah helin wixii ka dambeeyay bishaas. Muwaadiniinta Mas'uuliyadda iyo Anshaxa ee Washington ayaa sheegay 2024 inuu ku deeqay $448,000 oo lagu qiyaasay $13.6 milyan oo lacag ah oo uu ka helay dawlado shisheeye muddadiisii ​​ugu horreysay. ===Siyaasadda gudaha=== Trump wuxuu xafiiska la wareegay meesha ugu sarreysa ballaarinta dhaqaale ee ugu dheer taariikhda Mareykanka, kaasoo bilaabmay 2009 oo socday ilaa Febraayo 2020, markii hoos u dhaca COVID-19 uu bilaabmay. Bishii Disembar 2017, wuxuu saxiixay Sharciga dhimista Canshuuraha iyo Shaqada ee 2017 . Waxay hoos u dhigtay qiimaha cashuuraha ee ganacsiyada iyo shakhsiyaadka waxayna meesha ka saartay ciqaabtii la xidhiidhay sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo . Maamulka Trump ayaa ku andacoonaya in ficilku aanu hoos u dhigi doonin dakhliga dawladda, laakiin dakhliga 2018 ayaa 7.6 boqolkiiba ka hooseeya saadaasha. Marka loo eego Trump, hoos u dhaca miisaaniyada federaalku wuxuu kordhay ku dhawaad ​​50 boqolkiiba, ilaa ku dhawaad ​​$ 1 trillion 2019. Dhammaadkii muddadiisa, deynta qaranka Mareykanka waxay kordheen 39 boqolkiiba, taasoo gaartay $ 27.75 trillion, iyo saamiga US-deficit-to-GDP ayaa ku dhuftey mid sare oo ka mid ah Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Trump waxa kale oo uu ku guuldarraystay in uu ka dhabeeyo ballan-qaadkiisii ​​ololaha ee ahaa $1 trillion oo qorshe kharash-bixineed oo kaabayaasha ah. Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee casriga ah ee Maraykanka ee xilka ka taga isaga oo ka shaqaale yar marka loo eego markii uu xilka qabtay, saddex milyan oo qof. Wuxuu diiday fikradda sayniska ee isbeddelka cimilada . Wuxuu hoos u dhigay miisaaniyada cilmi baarista tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo 40 boqolkiiba wuxuuna bedelay siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee lagu hagayay isbedelka cimilada. Wuxuu ka baxay heshiiskii Paris , taasoo ka dhigtay Mareykanka dalka kaliya ee aan ansixin. Wuxuu ujeedkiisu ahaa in kor loo qaado wax soo saarka iyo dhoofinta shidaalka fosil . Gaaska dabiiciga ah ayaa balaariyay Trump, laakiin dhuxusha ayaa sii waday hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu dib u soo celiyay in ka badan 100 xeerarka deegaanka ee federaalka, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa xakameyey qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo , wasakhowga hawada iyo biyaha, iyo isticmaalka walxaha sunta ah. Wuxuu wiiqay ilaalinta xoolaha iyo heerarka deegaanka ee mashaariicda kaabayaasha federaalka, wuxuuna balaariyay meelaha la oggol yahay ee qodista iyo soo saarista kheyraadka, sida oggolaanshaha qodista Qaxootiga Arctic . Trump wuxuu burburiyay xeerarkii federaalka ee caafimaadka, shaqada, deegaanka, iyo meelo kale, oo ay ku jiraan sharci baabi'iyay xeerkii xilligii Obama ee xaddidayay iibinta hubka dadka maskaxda ka xanuunsan. Inta lagu jiro lixdii toddobaad ee ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, wuxuu dib u dhigay, hakiyay, ama beddelay sagaashan xeer federaal ah, inta badan "kadib codsiyo ka yimid warshadaha nidaamsan". Machadka Daacadnimada Siyaasadda wuxuu ogaaday in 78 boqolkiiba soo jeedintiisa ay xannibeen maxkamadaha ama aysan ka adkaan dacwadda. Intii lagu guda jiray ololihiisa, Trump wuxuu wacad ku maray inuu baabi'in doono oo uu bedeli doono Sharciga Daryeelka La awoodi karo . Xafiiska, waxa uu hoos u dhigay fulinta sharciga iyada oo loo marayo amarada fulinta. Wuxuu muujiyay rabitaan ah inuu "u oggolaado Obamacare inuu guuldareysto"; maamulkiisu waxa uu kala badh ka dhimay xilliga is-diiwaangelinta waxana uu si weyn u dhimay dhaqaalihii loogu talo galay dhiirrigelinta diiwaangelinta. Bishii Juun 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu ku biiray 18 dawladood oo Jamhuurigu hoggaamiyo oo ku doodaya ka hor Maxkamadda Sare in baabi'inta ganaaxyada maaliyadeed ee la xidhiidha waajibaadka shakhsi ahaaneed ay ka dhigtay sharciga mid dastuuri ah. Codsigoodu wuxuu baabi'in lahaa caymiska caafimaadka ilaa 23 milyan oo Maraykan ah, laakiin kuma guulaysan. Intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016, Trump wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu ilaalin doono maalgelinta Medicare iyo barnaamijyada kale ee badbaadada bulshada. Janaayo 2020, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaanka inuu tixgeliyo dhimista iyaga. Isagoo ka jawaabaya cudurka faafa ee opioid , Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharci sanadka 2018 si loo kordhiyo maalgelinta daawaynta daroogada, laakiin waxaa si weyn loogu dhaleeceeyay inuu ku guuldareystay inuu sameeyo istiraatiijiyad la taaban karo. Wuxuu ka mamnuucay hay'adaha bixiya ilmo iska soo rididda ama u gudbinta ilmo soo rididda inay helaan lacagaha federaalka. Waxa uu sheegay in uu taageeray "guurka dhaqameed", laakiin wuxuu tixgeliyey sharcinimada waddanka oo dhan ee guurka isku jinsiga ah "la degay". Maamulkiisu waxa uu dib u rogay qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah ilaalinta goobta shaqada ee maamulka Obama ee ka dhanka ah takoorka dadka LGBTQ .Isku daygiisii ​​isku daygiisii ​​ee ilaalinta takoorka ee bukaannada transgender- ka bishii Agoosto 2020 waxaa joojiyay garsoore federaal ah ka dib markii ay xukuntay Maxkamadda Sare ay kordhisay ilaalinta xuquuqda madaniga ah ee shaqaalaha aqoonsiga jinsiga iyo jihada galmada. Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu ka soo horjeedo xakamaynta hubka , in kasta oo ay aragtidiisu is beddeshay muddo ka dib. Maamulkiisu waxa uu qaatay mawqif ka dhan ah marijuana , isaga oo burinaya siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee ilaalin jiray dawladaha sharciyeeyay marijuana. Waa u doode muddo dheer ah ee ciqaabta dilka ah, iyo maamulkiisu wuxuu kormeeray dawladda federaalka ah ee fulinta 13 maxbuus, in ka badan 56 sano ee hore marka la isku daro, oo soo afjaraya 17 sano oo joojin ah. Sannadkii 2016, wuxuu sheegay inuu taageersan yahay isticmaalka hababka jirdilka su'aalaha "jahannamo aad uga xun kan biyaha-qaadista . ===Xiriirka jinsiyadeed=== Faallooyinka Trump ee 2017 Mideynta Dibad-baxa Xaqa ah , oo cambaareeyay "bandhiggan foosha xun ee nacaybka, nacaybka iyo rabshadaha dhinacyo badan" oo sheegaya in ay jiraan "dad aad u fiican oo labada dhinac ah", ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay inay muujinayaan u dhigma akhlaaqda u dhexeeya dibad-baxayaasha sare-sare ee cadaanka ah iyo mudaaharaadayaasha. Bishii Janaayo 2018 dood ku saabsan sharciga socdaalka, waxaa la sheegay inuu u tixraacay El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, iyo wadamada Afrika sida "wadamada shithole". Hadaladiisa waxaa lagu cambaareeyay cunsurinimo. [[File:President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(49964153176).jpg|Iyadoo koox saraakiil iyo la-taliyeyaal ah ay ka soo lugeeyeen Aqalka Cad kuna sii jeeday Kaniisadda St.]] Bishii Luulyo 2019, Trump ayaa bartiisa twitterka ku soo qoray in afar haween ah oo ka tirsan Kongareeska Dimuqraadiga—dhammaan dadka laga tirada badan yahay, oo seddex ka mid ah ay u dhasheen Mareykanka - ay tahay inay " ku laabtaan " dalalkii ay "ka yimaadeen".Laba maalmood ka dib Golaha Wakiiladu waxay u codeeyeen 240-187, inta badan iyagoo raacaya xisbiyada, si ay u cambaareeyaan "faallooyinka cunsuriyadda". Daabacaada wadani ee cadaanka ah iyo warbaahinta bulshada ayaa amaanay hadaladiisa, kuwaas oo sii socday maalmaha soo socda. Waxa uu sii waday hadallo la mid ah intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2020. Bishii Juun 2020, intii lagu jiray mudaaharaadyadii George Floyd , saraakiisha fulinta sharciga federaalku waxay isticmaaleen sunta dadka ka ilmeysiisa iyo tabaha kale ee dadka si ay uga saaraan dad badan oo nabdoon oo mudaaharaadayaal sharci ah fagaaraha Lafayette , bannaanka Aqalka Cad . Trump ayaa markaa la soo baxay Kitaabka Quduuska ah si uu sawir uga qaado Kaniisadda Episcopal St. Hogaamiyeyaal ciidan oo badan oo shaqada ka fadhiistay iyo saraakiisha difaaca ayaa cambaareeyay soo jeedintiisa ah in uu isticmaalo millatariga Maraykanka mudaharaadayaasha ka soo horjeeda bilayska. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee uu Trump xilka hayay, waxa uu oggolaaday 237 codsi oo naxariis ah, taas oo ka yar dhammaan madaxweynayaashii tan iyo 1900-kii marka laga reebo George HW Bush iyo George W. Bush . Keliya 25 iyaga ka mid ah ayaa waxaa shaandheeyay Xafiiska Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Xafiiska Qareenka Cafiska ; kuwa kale waxaa la siiyay dadka xiriirka shakhsi ahaaneed ama siyaasadeed ee isaga, qoyskiisa, iyo xulafadiisa, ama ay ku taliyaan dadka caanka ah. Maalintii ugu dambaysay ee uu xafiiska joogay, waxa uu ogolaaday 73 cafis waxana uu ka khafiifiyay 70 xukun. Dhawr xulafada Trump ah uma qalmin cafis marka loo eego xeerarka Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo xaalado kale waaxdu waxay ka soo horjeedsatay naxariista. Cafiskii saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan ciidanka milatariga oo lagu helay ama lagu soo oogay dambiyo rabshado wata ayaa waxaa ka soo horjeestay hogaamiyayaasha ciidamada. ===Socdaalka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg|thumb|Baarista tusaalaha darbiga xadka ee Otay Mesa, California]] Madaxweyne ahaan, Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay socdaalka sharci darrada ah inuu yahay "duulaanka" Maraykanka oo uu si weyn u kordhiyay fulinta socdaalka. Wuxuu hirgeliyay siyaasado adag oo ka dhan ah magangalyo-doonka wuxuuna u daabulay ku dhawaad ​​6,000 oo askari xadka US-Mexico si ay u joojiyaan isgoysyada sharci darrada ah. Waxa uu hoos u dhigay tirada qaxootiga loo ogolaaday in ay diiwaan gashadaan, laga bilaabo xadka sanadlaha ah ee 110,000 ka hor inta uusan xafiiska la wareegin 15,000 ee 2021 . Mid ka mid ah ballamihiisii ​​ololaha dhexe waxa ay ahayd in uu derbi ka dhisayo xudduudda US-Mexico ; intii lagu jiray xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Maraykanku wuxuu dhisay 73 mayl (117 km) oo derbi ah meelaha aan lahayn caqabadaha iyo 365 mayl (587 km) si uu u beddelo caqabadaha hore. 2018, diidmada Trump ee ah in uu saxeexo kharash kasta oo kharash ah ilaa ay u qoondaysay maalgelinta darbiga xuduudka waxay keentay xidhidhkii ugu dheeraa abid ee dawladda dhexe , muddo 35 maalmood ah laga bilaabo Disembar 2018 ilaa Janaayo 2019. Si looga fogaado xidhitaan kale, Koongarasku waxa uu soo saaray biil dhaqaale oo dhan $1.4 bilyan oo loogu talagalay dayrarka xuduudaha bishii Febraayo. Trump ayaa markii dambe ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo heer qaran ah oo ku taal xudduudda koonfureed si uu u leexiyo $ 6.1 bilyan oo maalgelin ah derbiga xudduudaha inkastoo congress-ka is khilaafeen. Bishii Janaayo 2017, Trump wuxuu saxiixay amar fulin oo u diidaya inay soo galaan muwaadiniinta lix waddan oo Muslimiin u badan afar bilood iyo inay ka yimaadaan Suuriya si aan xad lahayn. Amarka ayaa sababay mudaaharaadyo badan iyo caqabado sharci taasoo keentay amarro dalka oo dhan ah . Amarka dib loo eegay oo bixiya qaar ka reeban ayaa sidoo kale xannibay maxkamadaha, laakiin Maxkamadda Sare waxay xukuntay bishii Juun in mamnuucida la fulin karo kuwa ka maqan " xidhiidh daacad ah oo lala yeesho qof ama hay'ad" gudaha Maraykanka saraakiil, laakiin waxay ka saareen Ciraaq iyo Suudaan. Maxkamadda Sare waxay ogolaatay in noocaas uu dhaqan galo Diseembar 2017, oo ugu dambeyntii taageertay xayiraadda 2019. Laga soo bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu lahaa siyaasad kala qaybsanaan qoys oo kala saaray in ka badan 4,400 carruurta soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee waalidkood, 2 ee Maraykanka . Siyaasad aan hore loo arag. ayaa dalka ka dhalisay cadho dadweyne. Inkasta oo Trump uu markii hore eedaynayay Dimuqraadiyiinta oo uu ku adkaystay inuusan joojin karin siyaasadda amarka fulinta, wuxuu aqbalay cadaadiska dadweynaha bishii Juun 2018 wuxuuna amray in qoysaska soogalootiga sharci-darrada ah la wada xiro haddii aysan "ay jirin walaac" khatarta ilmaha. Garsooraha ayaa markii dambe amar ku bixiyay in qoysaska la isu keeno oo kala fogaansho dheeraad ah la joojiyo marka laga reebo xaalado xaddidan, inkastoo in ka badan 1,000 carruur dheeraad ah laga soocay qoysaskooda amarka ka dib. ===Siyaasada Arimaha Dibada=== [[File:-G7Biarritz_(48616362963).jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyayaasha G7 ayaa shir madaxeedka 45-aad ee Fransiiska, 2019]] Trump wuxuu isku tilmaamay inuu yahay "qaraniyad" iyo siyaasadiisa arrimaha dibadda " Ameerika 1aad ". Waxa uu taageeray dawladihii populist , neo-nationalist , iyo dawlado kali-talis ah. Saadalin la'aan, hubanti la'aan, iyo iswaafaqla'aan ayaa lagu gartaa xiriirka dibadda intii uu xilka hayay. Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo xulafadiisa reer Yurub waxa uu ahaa mid xun intii uu Trump joogay. Wuxuu dhaleeceeyay xulafada NATO wuxuuna si gaar ah u soo jeediyay in Maraykanku ka baxo NATO . Trump wuxuu taageeray siyaasado badan oo ka mid ah siyaasadaha ra'iisul wasaaraha Israel Benjamin Netanyahu . Sannadkii 2020, Trump waxa uu martigeliyay saxeexa heshiiskii Abraham ee u dhexeeyay Israa’iil iyo Imaaraadka Carabta iyo Baxrayn si ay caadi uga dhigaan xidhiidhkooda dibadda. [[File:President_Trump_%26_the_First_Lady%27s_Trip_to_Europe_(42547210635).jpg|thumb|Isagoo gacan qaadaya madaxweynaha [[Ruushka]] Vladimir Putin intii lagu jiray shirkii 2018 ee Helsinki , [[Finland]]]] Trump ayaa dagaal ganacsi la bilaabay Shiinaha 2018 ka dib markii uu ku soo rogay canshuuro iyo caqabado kale oo ganacsi oo uu sheegay in ay ku qasbi doonto Shiinaha in ay soo afjarto ku dhaqanka ganacsiga cadaalad darada ah ee mudada dheer soo jiray iyo ku xadgudubka hantida garaadka . Trump waxa uu wiiqay cunaqabatayntii ugu adkeyd ee uu Maraykanku soo rogay ka dib markii 2014 uu Ruushku la wareegay Kiirymiia . Trump wuu ammaanay oo, sida ay sheegeen qaar ka mid ah dadka dhaleeceeyay, dhif ayuu u dhaleeceeyay madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin , inkasta oo uu ka soo horjeestay tallaabooyinka qaar ee dawladda Ruushka. Waxa uu Maraykanka ka saaray heshiiska dhex-dhexaadka ah ee ciidamada Nukliyeerka , isaga oo u cuskanaya in Ruushku aanu u hoggaansamin, oo uu taageeray suurtagalnimada in Ruushku ku soo laabto G7 . Iyada oo hubka Nukliyeerka ee Waqooyiga Kuuriya loo arkayay khatar halis ah, Trump wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Maraykan ah ee la kulma hoggaamiyaha Kuuriyada Waqooyi, oo la kulmay Kim Jong Un saddex jeer : Singapore bishii Juun 2018, Hanoi bishii Febraayo 2019, iyo Aagga Dillatari ee Kuuriya ee Juun 2019 ===Shaqaale=== Dhammaadkii sannadkii ugu horreeyay ee Trump xafiiska, 34 boqolkiiba shaqaalahiisa asalka ah waa ay iska casileen, shaqada laga eryay, ama waa la bedelay. Ilaa Luulyo 2018, 61 boqolkiiba kaaliyeyaashiisa sare ayaa ka tagay iyo shaqaalaha 141 ayaa ka tagay sannadkii hore. Labada tiroba waxay dhigayaan rikoodh madaxweynayaashii dhawaa. Kaaliyeyaasha gaarka ah ee u dhow Trump ayaa shaqada ka tagay ama lagu qasbay. Waxa uu si cad u bahdilay dhowr ka mid ah saraakiishiisii ​​ugu sarraysay. Trump wuxuu lahaa afar madax oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad , isaga oo fogeynaya ama riixaya dhowr. Bishii Maajo 2017, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay agaasimihii FBI James Comey , isagoo sheegay maalmo ka dib inuu ka walaacsan yahay doorka Comey ee baaritaannada Trump iyo Ruushka. Saddex ka mid ah 15-kii xubnood ee asalka ahaa ee Trump ayaa baxay ama lagu qasbay inay is casilaan sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay. Trump wuu ka gaabiyay inuu magacaabo saraakiisha heerka labaad ee waaxda fulinta, isagoo sheegay in jagooyin badan oo aan loo baahnayn. Bishii Oktoobar 2017, waxaa jiray boqollaal jagooyin hoosaadyo ah oo aan la magacaabin. Ilaa Janaayo 8, 2019, ee 706 jagooyin muhiim ah, 433 ayaa la buuxiyay mana uusan u magacaabin 264. ===Garsoorka=== Trump ayaa magacaabay 226 garsoore oo heer federaal ah , oo ay ku jiraan 54 ka mid ah maxkamadaha rafcaanka iyo saddex ka mid ah maxkamadda sare : Neil Gorsuch , Brett Kavanaugh , iyo Amy Coney Barrett . Magacaabistiisa Maxkamadda Sare waxay siyaasad ahaan u wareejisay Maxkamadda dhinaca midig. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ballan qaaday in Roe v. Wade la rogi doono "si toos ah" haddii isaga la doorto oo la siiyo fursad uu ku magacaabo laba ama saddex garsoorayaasha ka hortagga ilmo soo rididda. Ka dib waxa uu qaatay sumcad markii Roe uu afgembiyay Dobbs v. Jackson Ururka Caafimaadka Haweenka 2022; Dhammaan saddexdii xubnood ee uu soo magacaabay Maxkamadda Sare waxay ku codeeyeen aqlabiyadda. Trump wuxuu quudhsaday maxkamadaha iyo garsoorayaasha uu ku khilaafay, inta badan qaab shakhsiyeed, wuxuuna su'aal galiyay awoodda dastuuriga ah ee garsoorka. Weerradiisa uu ku qaaday maxkamadaha ayaa waxaa ka dhashay canaan ka timid goobjoogayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan garsoorayaal heer federaal ah oo fadhiyey, kuwaas oo ka walaacsanaa saamaynta hadalladiisu ku yeelan karaan madaxbannaanida garsoorka iyo kalsoonida shacabku ku qabaan garsoorka. ===Cudurka caalamiga ah covid-19=== [[File:White_House_Press_Briefing_(49666120807).jpg|thumb|Qabashada war-saxaafadeed COVID-19 ah oo lala yeelanayo xubnaha Aqalka Cad ee Hawl-galka Coronavirus Maarso 15, 2020]] Trump ayaa markii hore iska dhaga tiray digniinaha caafimaadka bulshada iyo baaqyada ah in tallaabo laga qaado saraakiisha caafimaadka ee maamulkiisa. Trump wuxuu aasaasay Ciidanka Aqalka Cad ee Coronavirus bishii Janaayo 29. Bishii Maarso 27, wuxuu saxiixay sharciga CARES Act - $ 2.2 trillion biilka kicinta dhaqaalaha laba geesoodka ah - kicinta ugu weyn taariikhda Mareykanka. Ka dib toddobaadyo weeraro ah si ay uga fogaato jawaabtiisa gaabis ah, Trump wuxuu joojiyay maalgelinta Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka bishii Abriil. Bishii Abriil 2020, kooxaha ku xiran Jamhuuriga ayaa abaabulay mudaaharaadyo ka dhan ah qufulka oo looga soo horjeedo tallaabooyinka ay dowladaha gobolladu qaadayeen si ay ula dagaallamaan masiibada; Trump ayaa ku dhiirigeliyay mudaaharaadyada Twitter-ka , in kasta oo dawladaha la beegsaday aysan la kulmin tilmaamaha maamulkiisa ee dib u furitaanka. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u cadaadiyay hay'adaha caafimaadka federaalka inay qaadaan tallaabooyin uu doorbiday, sida oggolaanshaha daaweynta aan la xaqiijin. Bishii Oktoobar, Trump waxa la dhigay cusbitaalka Xarunta Caafimaadka Qaranka ee Walter Reed muddo saddex maalmood ah iyada oo uu jiro kiis daran oo ah COVID-19 ===Baaritaanada=== Ka dib markii uu la wareegay xafiiska, Trump wuxuu ahaa mawduuca kordhinta Waaxda Caddaaladda iyo kormeerka Kongareeska, iyada oo la baarayo ololihiisa doorashada, kala-guurka, iyo caleema saarka, tallaabooyinkii la qaaday intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa, ganacsigiisa gaarka ah , canshuuraha shakhsi ahaaneed, iyo aasaaska samafalka . Waxaa jiray toban baaritaan dembi oo federaal ah, siddeed gobol iyo baaritaanno maxalli ah, iyo laba iyo toban baaritaan oo kongareeska ah. Bishii Luulyo 2016, FBI waxay bilawday duufaanta Crossfire , baaritaan ku saabsan xiriirka suurtagalka ah ee ka dhexeeya Ruushka iyo ololaha Trump ee 2016. Kadib markii Trump uu shaqada ka eryay Comey bishii Maajo 2017, FBI-da ayaa furtay baaritaan labaad oo ku saabsan xiriirkii shakhsi ahaaneed iyo ganacsi ee Trump uu la yeeshay Ruushka . Bishii Janaayo 2017, saddex hay'adood oo sirdoon oo Mareykan ah ayaa si wadajir ah u sheegay "kalsooni sare" in Ruushku uu farageliyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump. Shaki badan xidhiidho ka dhexeeya saaxiibada Trump iyo saraakiisha Ruushka ayaa la ogaaday. Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Ruushka ee doorashada. Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah ayaa markii dambe loo wareejiyay baaritaanka qareenka gaarka ah ee Robert Mueller ; Baaritaanka ku saabsan xiriirka Trump iyo Ruushka waxaa soo afjaray ku xigeenka xeer ilaaliyaha guud Rod Rosenstein ka dib markii uu u sheegay FBI in Mueller uu sii wadi doono arrinta. Codsiga Rosenstein, baaritaanka Mueller wuxuu baaray arrimaha dambiyada "ee la xiriira faragelinta doorashada 2016 ee Ruushka". Mueller ayaa soo gudbiyay warbixintiisii ​​u dambaysay bishii March 2019. Warbixintu waxay ogaatay in Ruushku uu farageliyay 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump iyo in Trump iyo ololihiisii ​​ay soo dhaweeyeen oo ay dhiiri galiyeen dadaalka, laakiin caddaynta "ma aysan xaqiijin" in Ruushka ama xubnaha ololaha Trump ay abaabuleen. Trump waxa uu ku andacooday in warbixintaasi ay ka saartay isaga in kasta oo Mueller uu qoray in aanay taasi dhicin. Warbixintu waxay sidoo kale faahfaahisay carqaladaynta suurtagalka ah ee caddaaladda ee Trump, laakiin "ma aysan soo saarin gabagabada kama dambaysta ah" oo ka tagtay go'aanka lagu soo oogay sharciyada Congress-ka. Bishii Abriil 2019, Guddiga Kormeerka ee Aqalka ayaa soo saaray amar maxkamadeed oo ay ku raadinayaan faahfaahin maaliyadeed bangiyada Trump, Deutsche Bank iyo Capital One , iyo shirkaddiisa xisaabaadka, Mazars USA . Wuxuu dacweeyay bangiyada, Mazars, iyo guddoomiyaha guddiga Elijah Cummings si looga hortago in la shaaciyo. Bishii Maajo, laba garsoore ayaa xukuntay in Mazars iyo bangiyada labadaba ay tahay inay u hoggaansamaan amar-qaadista; . Qareennada Trump ayaa racfaan ka qaatay. Bishii Sebtembar 2022, Trump iyo guddiga ayaa ku heshiiyey heshiis ku saabsan Mazars, shirkadduna waxay bilowday inay wareejiso dukumentiyada. ===Eedaynta=== [[File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_(49498772251).jpg|thumb|Soo bandhigida cinwaanka "Trump waa la sii daayay" 2020]] Trump waxaa laba jeer xilka ka xayuubiyey aqalka kongress-ka, in kastoo aqalka senate-ka ay labada jeerba dambi ku soo oogeen. Xil ka qaadistii ugu horeysay ayaa ka dhalatay cabasho sir ah oo bishii Luulyo 2019 Trump ku cadaadiyay madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy inuu baadho Joe iyo Hunter Biden, isagoo isku dayaya inuu faa'iido ka helo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2020 . Bishii Disembar 2019, aqalku wuxuu u codeeyay in Trump lagu soo oogo ku takri fal awoodeed iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka , iyo Senatka ayaa dambi ku waayay Febraayo 2020. Xil ka qaadista labaad ayaa timid ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo ee Capitol, kaas oo aqalku uu Trump ku soo oogay in uu kiciyay kacdoon 13-kii Janaayo 2021. Trump ayaa xafiiska ka tagay 20-kii Janaayo, waxaana lagu sii daayay Febraayo 13. Todobo senate oo Jamhuuriya ayaa u codeeyay xukun. ===2020 doorashada madaxweynaha=== Trump wuxuu xareeyay inuu u tartamo dib-u-doorashada saacado yar uun ka dib markii uu noqday madaxweynaha 2017. Waxa uu qabtay isu soo baxkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee dib-u-doorashada wax ka yar bil ka dib markii uu xafiiska qabtay wuxuuna si rasmi ah u noqday musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga Agoosto 2020. Ololaha Trump wuxuu diiradda saaray dambiyada, isagoo ku andacoonaya in magaalooyinka ay hoos ugu dhici doonaan sharci-darro haddii Dimuqraadigu ku guuleysto doorashada. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u beeniyey boosaska Biden wuxuuna ka codsaday cunsuriyadda. Laga bilaabo horraantii 2020, Trump wuxuu abuuray shaki ku saabsan doorashada, isagoo ku andacoonaya caddayn la'aan in la musuqmaasuqi doono iyo in isticmaalka baahsan ee waraaqaha waraaqaha ay soo saari doonto khiyaamo doorasho oo ballaaran. Wuxuu xannibay maalgelinta Adeegga Boostada Mareykanka , isagoo sheegay inuu doonayo inuu ka hortago koror kasta oo ku yimaada codbixinta boostada. Wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu diiday inuu sheego inuu aqbali doono natiijada haddii laga guulaysto oo uu ballan qaado in si nabad ah xukunka loogu kala wareejiyo . ===Luminta Biden iyo diidmada natiijada=== Biden wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii November 2020, isagoo helay 81.3 milyan cod (51.3 boqolkiiba) Trump's 74.2 milyan (46.8 boqolkiiba ) iyo 306 codadka doorashada ee Trump 's 232 . subaxa ka dib doorashada. Maalmo ka dib, markii Biden la saadaaliyay in uu guulaysanayo, Trump waxa uu si aan sal iyo raad toona lahayn u eedeeyay musuqmaasuqa doorashada. Iyadoo qayb ka ah dadaalka lagu doonayo in lagu baabi'iyo natiijada , Trump iyo xulafadiisa ayaa gudbiyay dacwado badan oo ka dhan ah natiijooyinka , kuwaas oo ay diideen ugu yaraan 86 garsoore oo ka tirsan maxkamadaha gobolka iyo federaalka labadaba iyagoo aan lahayn wax xaqiiqo ah ama sharci ah. Eedeymaha Trump waxaa sidoo kale beeniyay saraakiisha doorashada ee gobolka, Maxkamadda Sare ayaa diiday in ay dhageysato kiis lagu codsanayo in la baabi'iyo natiijada afar gobol oo uu ku guuleystay Biden. Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u raadsaday caawimo si uu u rogo natiijooyinka, isaga oo shakhsi ahaan cadaadis saaraya Jamhuuriga maxalliga ah iyo kuwa haya xafiisyada gobolka, Sharci-dejiyaha Jamhuuriga, Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo Madaxweyne Ku-Xigeenka Pence, oo ku boorriyay ficillada sida beddelka cod-bixiyeyaasha madaxweynaha , ama in saraakiisha Georgia ay ku dhawaaqeen natiijada "dhammaan" Toddobaadyadii doorashada ka dib, Trump wuu ka baxay hawlihii guud. Waxa uu markii hore ka horjoogsaday saraakiisha dawladda in ay la shaqeeyaan Biden ee ku-meel-gaadhka madaxweynenimada . Saddex toddobaad ka dib, maamulaha Maamulka Adeegyada Guud wuxuu ku dhawaaqay Biden "guuleeyaha muuqda" ee doorashada, isaga oo u oggolaanaya bixinta agabka kala-guurka kooxdiisa. Inkastoo Trump uu sheegay in uu ku taliyay in GSA ay bilowdo hab-maamuuska kala-guurka, weli si rasmi ah uma uusan aqbalin. Trump kama uusan qeybgalin xafladdii Biden ee Janaayo 20. ===Janaayo 6-dii weerarkii Capitol=== Bishii Disembar 2020, waxaa soo baxay warbixino sheegaya in hoggaamiyeyaasha millatariga Mareykanka ay heegan sare ku jireen, saraakiisha darajo sarena ay ka wada hadleen waxa la sameeyo haddii Trump uu ku dhawaaqo sharciga dagaalka . Agaasimaha CIA Gina Haspel iyo General General Mark Milley , oo ah gudoomiyaha Taliyaasha Wadajirka ah ee Shaqaalaha , ayaa ka walaacsanaa in Trump uu isku dayo inqilaab ama tallaabo militari oo ka dhan ah Shiinaha ama Iran. Milley wuxuu ku adkaystay in lagala tashado amar kasta oo militari oo ka yimaada Trump, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka hubka nukliyeerka. [[File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_(50820534063)_(retouched).jpg|thumb|Dadweyne taageersan Trump intii uu weerarka socday]] Duhurnimadii Janaayo 6, 2021, iyadoo Congress-ka uu caddaynayay natiijada doorashada madaxtinimada ee Capitol US , Trump wuxuu ku qabtay isu soo bax ka dhacay Ellipse oo u dhow . Isagoo ka hadlayay gadaasha muraayad dhalo ah, wuxuu ku baaqay in doorashada la rogo wuxuuna ku booriyay taageerayaashiisa inay "la dagaalamaan sida cadaabta" oo "ay dib u soo ceshadaan waddankeena" iyagoo u socda Capitol. Taageerayaashiisa ayaa markaa sameeyay koox koox ah oo jebisay dhismaha , carqaladeeyay shahaadada waxayna sababtay daad-gureynta Congress-kaaIintii lagu guda jiray weerarka, Trump wuxuu ku dhajiyay baraha bulshada laakiin ma uusan weydiisan rabshado inay kala firdhiyaan. Qoraal uu soo dhigay bartiisa Twitter -ka 6-dii maqribnimo ayuu u sheegay in ay “Guryaha ku tagaan jacayl & nabad”, waxa uu ugu yeeray “wadani-weyn”, waxa uuna ku celiyay in uu ku guuleystay doorashada. Koongarasku mar dambe ayaa dib loo furay oo xaqiijiyay guushii Biden saacadihii hore ee Janaayo 7. In ka badan 140 booliis ah ayaa ku dhaawacmay, shan qofna way dhinteen intii uu socday ama ka dib weerarka. Dhacdadan ayaa lagu tilmaamay isku day afgambi oo uu sameeyay Trump. ==Inta u dhaxaysa madaxweynayaasha (2021-2025)== Markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ku noolaado Mar-a-Lago, isaga oo xafiis ka samaystay halkaas sida uu dhigayo sharciga madaxweynayaashii hore . Sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee sii socota ee ku saabsan doorashada 2020 waxaa caadi ahaan loogu yeeraa " beenta weyn " ee uu dhaleeceeyay, inkastoo May 2021, isaga iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa ay bilaabeen isticmaalka ereyga si ay u tixraacaan doorashada lafteeda. Xisbiga Jamhuurigu wuxuu u adeegsaday sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee ku saabsan doorashada si uu ugu caddeeyo soo rogida xannibaadaha codbixinta cusub ee ay ku jirto. Wuxuu sii waday inuu ku cadaadiyo sharci-dejiyeyaasha gobolka inay joojiyaan doorashada. Si ka duwan madaxweynayaashii hore ee kale, Trump wuxuu sii waday inuu xukumo xisbigiisa; profile 2022 ee New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay inuu yahay madaxa xisbiga casriga ah . Waxa uu sii waday lacag ururinta, isaga oo kor u qaaday xabad dagaal oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan laba jeer xisbiga Jamhuuriga, oo uu ka faa'iidaystay lacag ururinta musharaxiin badan oo Jamhuuri ah oo lagu qabtay Mar-a-Lago. Inta badan waxa uu diiradda saaray maamulka xisbiga iyo in uu xilal muhiim ah ka dhigo saraakiil isaga daacad u ah. Doorashadii xilliga dhexe ee 2022 , wuxuu taageeray in ka badan 200 oo musharraxiin ah oo u tartamaya xafiisyo kala duwan. Bishii Febraayo 2021, wuxuu diiwaangeliyay shirkad cusub, Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG), si ay u siiso "adeegyada isku xirka bulshada" macaamiisha Mareykanka. Bishii Maarso 2024, TMTG waxay ku biirtay shirkad soo iibsata ujeedo gaar ah oo Digital World Acquisition waxayna noqotay shirkad dadweyne . Bishii Febraayo 2022, TMTG waxay bilowday Truth Social , oo ah madal warbaahinta bulshada ah. ===Arrimaha sharciga=== Sannadkii 2019-kii, wariye E. Jean Carroll ayaa ku eedeeyay Trump inuu kufsaday 1990-meeyadii, wuxuuna ku dacweeyay sumcad-dil uu u geystay diidmadiisa. Carroll ayaa mar kale dacweeyay 2022 batari iyo sumcad dil dheeraad ah. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay xadgudub galmo iyo sumcad dil waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo $ 5 milyan hal kiis iyo $ 83.3 milyan kan kale. Maxkamadaha rafcaanka federaalku waxay taageereen natiijooyinkii iyo abaal-marintii Diseembar 2024 iyo Sebtembar 2025, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sannadkii 2022, New York waxay soo gudbisay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyada oo ku eedaysay inuu sare u qaaday qiimaha Ururka Trump si uu faa'iido uga helo bixiyeyaasha iyo bangiyada. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo ku dhawaad ​​$355 milyan oo lagu daray dulsaar. Bishii Agoosto 2025, maxkamadda rafcaanku waxay taageertay mas'uuliyadda Trump iyo ganaaxyada aan lacagta ahayn laakiin waxay meesha ka saartay ciqaabta lacageed oo xad dhaaf ah [[File:Classified_intelligence_material_found_during_search_of_Mar-a-Lago.jpg|thumb|Walax sirdoon oo sir ah ayaa la helay intii lagu jiray raadinta Mar-a-Lago]] Iyada oo la xidhiidha dadaalka Trump ee uu ku doonayo in uu ku joojiyo doorashada 2020 iyo ku lug lahaanshaha weerarkii January 6, December 2022 guddiga Aqalka Maraykanka ee weerarka ayaa soo jeediyay eedeymaha dambiyada ka dhanka ah isaga oo hor istaagay dacwad rasmi ah , shirqool lagu khiyaameeyay Maraykanka , iyo kicinta ama caawinta kacdoonka. Bishii Agoosto 2023, xeerbeegti weyn oo ku taal Fulton County, Georgia , ayaa ku soo oogtay 13 eedeymo, oo ay ku jiraan racketeering , dadaalkiisa uu ku doonayo inuu ku dumiyo doorashada 2020 ee gobolka. Bishii Janaayo 2022, Maamulka Kaydka iyo Diiwaanka Qaranka ayaa soo saaray 15 sanduuq oo dukumeenti ah oo Trump u qaaday Mar-a-Lago ka dib markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo qaarkood la sifeeyay. Baaritaankii Waaxda Caddaaladda ee xigay, mas'uuliyiintu waxay ka soo saareen dukumeentiyo sir ah oo badan oo qareenadiisa ah. Agoosto 8, 2022, wakiilada FBI waxay Mar-a-Lago ka baadheen dukumeenti si sharci darro ah loo haysto, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa jebinta sharciga basaasnimada , ururinta 11 dukumeenti qarsoodi ah, qaar sir sare leh. Xeer -beegti heer federaal ah oo uu sameeyay La-taliyaha Gaarka ah Jack Smith ayaa Trump ku soo oogay bishii Juun 2023 31 dacwadood oo ah "si ula kac ah u haynta macluumaadka difaaca qaranka" sida hoos timaada Xeerka Basaasnimada , iyo eedeymo kale. Trump wuu diiday dambiga. Bishii Luulyo 2024, garsoore Aileen Cannon ayaa meesha ka saaray kiiska , xukunka Smith magacaabistiisa xeer ilaaliye gaar ah wuxuu ahaa sharci darro. Bishii Maajo 2024, Trump waxaa lagu xukumay 34 dacwadood oo dembi ah oo ka been sheegay diiwaannada ganacsiga . Kiisku wuxuu ka yimid caddayn ah inuu ballansaday lacag-bixinnada lacagta-ka-soo-baxa ee Michael Cohen ee jilaa filimada qaangaarka ah ee Stormy Daniels sida kharashaadka ganacsiga si uu u daboolo eedeymihiisii ​​2006-2007 ee Daniels intii lagu jiray doorashadii 2016. Janaayo 10, 2025, xaakimku wuxuu siiyay Trump xukun ciqaab la'aan ah oo loo yaqaan siideyn shuruud la'aan ah, isagoo sheegay in shuruudaha ciqaabta ay faragelinayaan xasaanadda madaxweynaha. Ka dib markii dib loo doortay, kiiskii carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 iyo kiiskii dukumeentiyada qarsoodiga ahaa waa la eryay iyada oo aan la eedayn siyaasada Waaxda Cadaaladda ee ka dhanka ah dacwad qaadista madaxweynayaasha. ==2024 doorashada madaxweynaha== Bishii Noofambar 2022, Trump wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu u tartamayo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2024 wuxuuna abuuray akoon lacag ururin ah. Bishii Maarso 2023, ololuhu wuxuu bilaabay inuu u weeciyo boqolkiiba toban deeqaha hoggaankiisa PAC . Ololihiisu waxa uu bixiyay $100 milyan oo ku wajahan biilasha sharciga ah March 2024. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump wuxuu sameeyay hadallo rabshado wata oo isa soo taraya. Waxa uu sheegay in uu hubayn doono FBI-da iyo Waaxda Caddaaladda ee ka soo horjeeda siyaasaddiisa oo uu u adeegsado militariga si uu u beegsado siyaasiyiinta Dimuqraadiga ah iyo kuwa aan taageersanayn musharaxnimadiisa. Wuxuu adeegsaday hadallo ka daran oo bini'aadantinimada ka dhan ah intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa. Hadalkiisa, isaga oo ugu yeeraya mucaaradkiisa siyaasadeed "cadow", cayayaan, iyo faashiistaha, ayaa taariikhyahannada iyo aqoonyahannada qaarkood ku tilmaameen kalitalisnimo, faashiste oo ka duwan wax kasta oo musharax siyaasadeed uu waligiis ku sheegay taariikhda Mareykanka. Da'da iyo welwelka caafimaadka ayaa sidoo kale kacday intii lagu jiray ololaha, iyada oo dhowr khabiiro caafimaad ah ay muujinayaan kororka xamaasada, hadalka jilicsan iyo dabeecadda . Trump wuxuu xusay "doorasho la musuq-maasuqay" iyo "faragelin doorashada" ka hor iyo in ka badan intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016 iyo 2020 wuxuuna diiday inuu ballan qaado inuu aqbalo natiijada doorashada 2024. Falanqeeyayaasha New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay tan sida xoojinta "madaxyada aan ku guuleysto; dabo aad khiyaamayso" xeeladaha hadal; Wargeysku waxa uu sheegay in sheegashada doorashada lagu shubtay ay noqotay laf dhabarta ololaha. July 13, 2024, Trump ayaa dhegta lagu toogtay isku day dil oo ka dhacay isu soo bax olole oo ka dhacay magaalada Butler Township, Pennsylvania . Laba maalmood ka dib, Shirweynihii Qaranka ee Jamhuuriga ee 2024 ayaa u magacaabay musharaxa madaxweynenimo. Bishii Sebtembar, waa la bartilmaameedsaday laakiin waxba ma gaarin isku day dil oo Florida ka dhacay . Trump wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii Noofambar 2024 isagoo helay 312 codadka doorashada madaxweyne ku xigeenka Kamala Harris's 226. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku guuleystay codadka caanka ah 49.8% Harris' 48.3%. Guushiisa 2024 waxay qayb ka ahayd dib-u-dhac caalami ah oo ka dhan ah xisbiyada xilka haya, oo qayb weyn ka ah sicir bararka 2021-2023 . Dhowr xarumood ayaa ku tilmaamay dib u doorashadiisa soo laabasho aan caadi ahayn. ==Madaxweynaha labaad (2025- hadda)== [[File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_(2025)_(alternate).jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , waxaa maamula madaxa cadaalada John Roberts , Janaayo 20, 2025]] Trump wuxuu bilaabay markiisa labaad markii uu xilka qabtay Janaayo 20, 2025. Wuxuu noqday shaqsiga ugu da'da weyn ee qabta xilka madaxtinimo , madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee dambi culus lagu soo oogay, iyo qofkii labaad ee laba xilli oo aan isku xigta madaxweyne ka noqdo. Isku daygiisii ​​uu ku doonayay inuu ku balaadhiyo awoodda madaxweynaha iyo iska horimaadyada maxkamadaha ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay sifada qeexaysa xilligiisa labaad. ===Ficilada hore, 2025- hadda=== Markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, Trump waxa uu saxeexay amarro fulineed oo taxane ah . Qaar badan oo kuwan ka mid ah waxay tijaabiyeen awooddiisa sharci, waxayna soo saareen tallaabo sharci oo degdeg ah. Wuxuu soo saaray amaro fulineed ka badan maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne kasta. Afar maalmood oo ka mid ah xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad, falanqaynta uu sameeyay Time waxay ogaatay in ku dhawaad ​​​​saddex-meelood laba meelood ee ficilladiisa fulinta "muraayada ama qayb ahaan muraayadda" soo jeedinta Mashruuca 2025 . Toddobaadyadiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, dhowr ka mid ah ficilladiisa ayaa iska indhatiray ama ku xad-gudbay sharciyada federaalka, qawaaniinta, iyo Dastuurka sida ay qabaan culimada sharciga ee Mareykanka. Bishii ugu horreysay ee maamulkiisa, Trump wuxuu soo saaray sagaashan amar fulineed, qoraallo, iyo awaamiir. Waxa uu u adeegsaday dawladda si uu u beegsado dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda iyo ficilladiisa ka dhanka ah bulshada rayidka ah ayay khubarada sharciga iyo boqollaal saynisyahano siyaasadeed ku tilmaameen mid keli-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Awaamiirtiisa iyo ficilladiisa waxaa ka soo horjeestay in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo dalka oo dhan ah, iyada oo intooda badan ay weli u socdaan maxkamadaha July 2. ===Iskahorimaadyada xiisaha, 2025 - hadda=== Madaxtinimadii labaad ee Trump waxaa lagu tilmaamay in uu leeyahay ilaalin yar oo ka dhan ah iskahorimaadyada danaha marka loo eego kii ugu horreeyay, iyo jabinta tobannaan sano oo xeerarka anshaxa. Waxa uu sii waday shirkad si guud looga ganacsado oo ku taal Trump Media & Technology Group , wuxuuna u kala beddelay adeegyo maaliyadeed. Waxa uu daba galay heshiisyo cusub oo hanti ma guurto ah oo dibadda ah oo ay ku lug leeyihiin hay'ado dawladeed oo xidhiidh la leh, waxana uu lahaa dhawr shirkadood oo calaamadayn iyo shati bixin ah oo uu ku iibinayo badeecooyinka sumadda Trump. Waxa uu ka faa'iideystey xafladaha lagu qabto hoteeladiisa iyo koorsooyinkiisa golf-ka, hantidiisana ma gelin kalsooni indho-la'aan ah, sidii madaxweynayaashii hore ay yeeli jireen. Bishii Agoosto 2025, shaacinta qasabka ah ee Trump ee maalgashiga ayaa muujisay in, tan iyo markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, uu sameeyay 690 iibsasho curaarta degmada iyo saamiyada shirkadaha oo wadartoodu ay dhan tahay ugu yaraan $104 milyan. Waxaa ku jiray saamiyada shirkadaha ay saameeyeen isbeddelada uu ku sameeyay siyaasadaha federaalka. Trump waxa uu meesha ka saaray hab-raacii anshaxa ee maamulkii hore iyo fulinta sharciyada mamnuucaya laaluushka iyada oo aan la samayn hab-raacyo anshaxeed oo rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay dadka loo magacaabayo siyaasadda, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay la soo galeen maamulkiisa "liiska aan caadiga ahayn ee weyn ee isku dhacyada xiisaha leh". Waxa uu meesha ka saaray eedeymihii musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ahaa siyaasiyiintii xiriirka la lahaa isaga wuxuuna joojiyay dhaqangelinta sharciga mamnuucaya in shirkadaha ka shaqeeya Mareykanka ay laaluushaan dowlado shisheeye. Trump wuxuu bilaabay, dallacsiiyay, oo shakhsi ahaan uga faa'iidaystay laba calaamadood oo cryptocurrency ah ("qadaadiicda meme"), $ Trump iyo $ Melania. Waxa kale oo uu si toos ah uga faa'iidaystay qoyskiisa shirkadda cryptocurrency World Liberty Financial , taas oo ku hawlan isku-dhafka aan horay loo arag ee ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay iyo siyaasadda dawladda. Bishii Luulyo 2025, maamulka Trump wuxuu Qatar ka aqbalay $400 milyan diyaarad qaali ah si uu ugu adeego Air Force One ilaa dhamaadka xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad ka dibna loo wareejiyo maktabadiisa madaxtooyada. Dib u habeynta sida Air Force One ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay ku kacayso ilaa $1 bilyan. ===Joojinta guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka=== Trump wuxuu ka hirgaliyay shaqo joojinta guud ahaan dowladda federaalka wuxuuna amray in shaqada teleefoonka shaqaalaha federaalka lagu joojiyo 30 maalmood gudahood. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in dib u eegis lagu sameeyo jagooyin badan oo shaqaale rayid ah oo xirfadeed iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in dib loogu kala saaro boosaska la rabo iyada oo aan lahayn ilaalin shaqo. Waxa uu bilaabay joojinta shaqada guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka, oo ay ku tilmaameen khabiirada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag ama ku xad-gudbay sharciga federaalka, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo shaqaale si aad ah ula socda ajendihiisa. Dabayaaqadii Febraayo, maamulku waxa uu shaqada ka eryay in ka badan 30,000 oo qof. Si loo fududeeyo joojinta dheeraadka ah, waxay qaadatay tarjumaad sharci oo cusub oo si weyn u ballaarinaysa qaybaha iyo wakaaladaha loo arko inay haystaan ​​​​ammaanka qaranka shaqadooda aasaasiga ah, oo ku dhawaaqaya ururada shaqaalaha federaalka ee kala duwan "cadow". Amarka fulinta dabayaaqadii March ee ku salaysan tarjumaaddan ayaa ka saaray daraasiin waaxyo iyo wakaaladaha barnaamijyada xiriirka maamulka shaqada ee federaalka , taasoo ku kaliftay inay dacweeyaan si ay u buriyaan heshiisyadooda gorgortanka wadareed , kaas oo ka saari kara ilaalinta ururka hal milyan oo shaqaale federaal ah. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in la joojiyo kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) mashaariicda dawladda federaalka wuxuuna ku meeleeyay shaqaalaha xafiisyada DEI fasax. Waxa uu buriyay Amarka Fulinta ee Lyndon B. Johnson ee 1965 ee 11246 , kaas oo amrayay in qandaraaslayaasha federaalku ay qaadaan tallaabo cad oo lagu joojinayo takoorka jinsiyadeed. Waxtarka Trump iyo Elon Musk 's Department of Government waxay si weyn u burburiyeen dhowr hay'adood oo federaal ah oo ay ku jiraan USAID iyo Waaxda Waxbarashada , iyagoo keli ah shaqada ka eryay dhowr kun oo shaqaale ah, waxayna hoos u dhigtay hawlaha maamulka ilaa ugu yaraan sharci. Ficilada qaar, sida isku dayga lagu burburinayo Xafiiska Ilaalinta Maaliyadeed ee Macmiilka , waxaa hakiyay maxkamadaha federaalka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisu waxay isku dayeen inay keenaan hay'ado madax-bannaan oo taariikhi ah oo hoos yimaada laanta fulinta oo si toos ah u hoos timaada qaabab yar. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga, 2025- hadda=== Sida madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horeysay, Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u hareer maray Xafiiska Xeer Ilaaliyaha Cafiska . Waxa uu ku rakibay siyaasad daacad ah Ed Martin kaas oo ku tilmaamay sababta cafis loo bixiyo "Ma jiro MAGA ka tagay". Cafiskii Trump iyo deeqaha naxariista waxay door bideen xulafada siyaasadeed iyo kuwa daacadda u ah, oo si aan loo kala sooc lahayn loo cafiyay "kuwa xoogga badan, caanka ah, si fiican ugu xiran iyo maalqabeenada" ee lagu eedeeyay dambiyada cadaanka ah. Trump waxa uu cafis u fidiyay dhammaan 6-dii January rabshadihii lagu xukumay ama lagu soo oogay maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee xafiiska, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa si xun u weeraray booliiska, isaga oo cafiyay in ka badan 1,500 oo uu cafiyay xukunnada 14. ===Siyaasadda gudaha, 2025- hadda=== Trump wuxuu ka dhaxlay dhaqaale adkeysi leh maamulka Biden, kobaca dhaqaalaha, shaqo la'aanta yar, iyo sicir bararka hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu ku amray wakaaladaha in ay joojiyaan dhaqan gelinta xeerarka aan la jeclayn iyaga oo isku dayaya in si weyn loo xakameeyo taasoo khubarada sharcigu ay ku tilmaameen sharci-darro iyo lid ku ah tobanaan sano ee sharciga federaalka. Waxa uu raadiyay in dawladdu ay maamusho ganacsiyo gaar ah oo uu ka tago dhaqanka suuqa xorta ah ee muxaafidka ah , halkii uu doorbidi lahaa hanti-wadaaga dawladda isaga oo si toos ah u qaadanaya saamiga dawladda ee sinnaanta shirkadaha waaweyn ee Maraykanka. Trump wuxuu joojiyay oo joojiyay deeqihii federaalka wuxuuna sameeyay dhimis ballaaran oo cilmi baaris ah, kuwaas oo dhowr ka mid ah ay heleen garsoorayaasha iyo Xafiiska Xisaabtanka ee Dowladda inay yihiin sharci darro iyo dastuuri. Waxa uu kor u qaaday diidmada isbeddelka cimilada iyo macluumaadka khaldan, oo u magacaabay saliidda, gaasta, iyo kiimikooyinka u ololeeya EPA si ay u beddelaan xeerarka cimilada iyo xakamaynta wasakhowga. Trump wuxuu ku tiirsanaa ku dhawaaqida xaaladaha degdegga ah ee qaranka si uu u caddeeyo boqollaal ficil oo uu ka gudbo ansixinta kongareeska ama dib u eegista sharciga. Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo tamarta qaranka ah, taasoo u oggolaanaysa joojinta xeerarka deegaanka, dabcinta sharciyada soo saarista shidaalka iyo xaddididda mashaariicda tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo. Waxa uu bilaabay dib-u-eegis ku saabsan "sharciga iyo sii socoshada ku-dhaqanka" ee raadinta khatarta EPA , taas oo ah saldhigga ugu badan ee xeerarka federaalka ee gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo, oo mar kale ka baxay US Heshiiskii Paris ee isbedelka cimilada. Burburinta hay'adaha dawladda ee fulinaya sharciyada ka dhanka ah musuqmaasuqa siyaasadeed iyo khiyaanada cad, Trump wuxuu hoos u dhigay Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Waaxda Cadaaladda Dadweynaha 30 ilaa shan qareen, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay 17 kormeerayaal madax -bannaan oo ka tirsan hay'adaha dawladda iyo 12 xubnood oo ka tirsan hay'adaha kormeerka madax-bannaan ee 7 iyo kormeerayaasha Xafiiska FBI-da ee Washington oo baaray eedeymaha musuqmaasuqa iyo musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ah saraakiisha dowladda iyo xubnaha Congress-ka. Wuxuu cafiyay ama laalay eedeymaha ka dhanka ah saraakiisha lagu eedeeyay musuqmaasuq. Trump wuxuu u aaneeyay dhibaatooyinka bulshada kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) hindisayaasha iyo baraarugga . Isbarbardhigga kala duwanaanshaha iyo karti-darrada, wuxuu beddelay siyaasadihii kala-duwanaanshaha ee dawladda federaalka. Waxa uu damcay in uu dib ugu sameeyo bulshada rayidka ah dookhiisa amarka fulinta. On DEI iyo nacaybka nacaybka, wuxuu u hanjabay hay'adaha dhaqanka iyo lixdan jaamacadood, wuxuuna ku qasbay shirkadaha sharciga inay u hoggaansamaan ajandihiisa siyaasadeed. Trump ayaa balaariyay adeegsiga gudaha ee ciidamada wuxuuna amray in la geeyo magaalooyin dhowr ah oo xisbiga Dimuquraadiga uu hogaamiyo , wuxuuna ku hanjabay inuu sii balaarin doono howlgalladiisa. ===Siyaasadaha ka-hortagga LGBTQ+=== Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadii labaad, Trump wuxuu bilaabay olole dagaal oo ka dhan ah LGBTQ + iyo gaar ahaan siyaasadaha ka-hortagga jinsiga ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba, oo maamulkiisu u soo bandhigay sidii wax looga qaban lahaa " fikirka jinsiga ". Siyaasadahan waxay doonayeen inay baabi'iyaan aqoonsiga federaalka ee dadka transgender-ka ah, ka xayuubinta dadka transgender ilaalinta sharciga iyo in laga tirtiro aqoonsiga trans ee nolosha guud. Iyadoo loo marayo amarro fulineed oo isdaba-joog ah iyo ficilo kale, maamulkiisu wuxuu si adag u qeexay jinsiga si adag bayoolooji dhalashada, laga mamnuucay dadka ka soo jeeda milatariga, xaddidan ama la daboolay daryeelka caafimaadka jinsiga, oo ka soo horjeeda luqadda loo dhan yahay , cilmi-baaris iyo agab waxbarasho oo faafreeb ah, iyo bartilmaameedyada dugsiyada, jaamacadaha, iyo xarumaha fikradda. Tallaabooyin dheeri ah ayaa ka mamnuucay ciyaartooyda transgender-ka ciyaaraha, helitaanka baasaboor xaddidan, waxayna sii hurisay dadaallada caalamiga ah ee lagu wiiqayo xuquuqda trans. Waxaa weheliya hadallo muujinaya dadka ka beddelka jinsiga inay yihiin khatar bulsho, siyaasadahani waxay kiciyeen caqabado sharciyeed oo baahsan, cambaarayn ka timid kooxaha xuquuqul insaanka, iyo kor u kaca socdaalka iyo sheegashooyinka magangelyo ee ay qabaan dadka isku jinsiga ah ee Maraykanka ah ===Hal Xeer Bill Qurux Badan=== Bishii Luulyo 2025, Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Sharcigu waxa uu ka dhigay dhimista cashuurta cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada 2017 mid joogto ah waxana uu ku daray cashuur dhimis dheeraad ah oo dhan ku dhawaad ​​$4.5 trillion, inta badan ka faa’iidaysanaysa dakhliga ugu sarreeya oo dadka ku kaca dakhliga ugu hooseeya $1,600 sanadkii; kordhinta dhaqaalaha difaaca qaranka, masaafurinta, darbiga xuduudka, iyo gaashaanka gantaalaha; lagana saaray cashuurtii laga qaadi lahaa mashaariicda tamarta nadiifka ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo ilaha tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo sida dabaysha iyo tamarta cadceedda iyo kuwa iibsada baabuurta korontada. Sharcigu wuxuu jaray maalgelinta Medicaid iyo SNAP wuxuuna ku daray shuruudo shaqo oo dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay u-qalmitaanka iyo $35 lacag-bixineed ee adeegyada Medicaid qaarkood; dhimista iyo shuruudaha dheeraadka ah ayaa dhaqan galaya ka dib doorashada guud ee 2026. Sharciga waxaa saadaaliyay Xafiiska Miisaaniyadda Kongareeska inuu ku kordhiyo dhimista miisaaniyada $3.4 trillion marka la gaaro 2034, sababa 11.8 milyan oo qof inay lumiyaan caymiska Medicaid, iyo meesha laga saaro dheefaha SNAP ee seddex milyan oo qof. ===Socdaalka, 2025- hadda=== Maalmihiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump waxa uu ku amray ilaalada xuduudaha in ay si kooban u tarxiilaan soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee ka soo gudbaya xadka, isaga oo curyaamiyay barnaamijka CBP One ee loo isticmaalay in lagu jadwaleeyo xuduudaha. Waxa uu dib u bilaabay hadhaagii siyaasadda Mexico , waxa uu kooxaha daroogada u magacaabay kooxo argagixiso ah, waxana uu amray in dib loo bilaabo dhismaha darbiga xuduudka. Hawlgallada masaafurinta ayaa marka hore diiradda saaray "liiska bartilmaameedka" ee dambiilayaasha la sameeyay ka hor xilliga labaad ee Trump. Kadibna maamulkiisu wuxuu meesha ka saaray magangelyo codsadayaasha ku guul daraystay inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha, waxay laashay xaaladda sii-daynta sharafeed ee muhaajiriinta ku soo galay US iyadoo la raacayo CBP One iyo CHNV sii-daynta sharafeed bini'aadantinimo, waxay isku dayeen inay ka saaraan dhalashada dhalashada , waxayna hakiyeen Barnaamijka Ogolaanshaha Qaxootiga . Bishii Maarso, wuxuu u adeegsaday Xeerka Cadawga Shisheeyaha ee 1798 si uu u xidho muhaajiriinta sharci darrada ah maxkamad la'aan -mid ka mid ah "khalad maamul" iyo inta badan iyada oo aan lahayn diiwaannada dambiyada -Xarunta Xakamaynta Argagaxisada ee El Salvador. Wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha , muhaajiriinta sharciga ah, dalxiisayaasha, iyo ardayda fiisaha leh kuwaas oo muujiyay dhaleeceynta siyaasaddiisa ama u doodista Falastiiniyiinta. Dhowr muwaadiniin Maraykan ah ayaa la xidhay oo la tarxiilay . ===Siyaasadda Dibadda, 2025- hadda=== Muddadii labaad ee Trump siyaasaddiisa arrimaha dibadda waxaa siyaabo kala duwan loogu sifeeyay Imperialist , balaarin , go'doomiye , iyo autarkist , iyadoo adeegsanaysa fikradda " America First " oo ah asaaskeeda. Maamulkiisu wuxuu door biday awood adag si uu u gaaro yoolalka siyaasadda dibadda, wuxuuna burburiyay ama ka laabtay taageerada ururada gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee u heellan horumarinta awoodda jilicsan ee Maraykanka . Dhaqdhaqaaqyada ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay hoos u dhigayaan saamaynta Maraykanka ee caalamiga ah iyo abuurista bannaan ay buuxiyeen Ruushka iyo Shiinaha . Xidhiidhka Trump ee xulafada waxa uu ahaa macaamil ganacsi oo u dhexeeyay danayn la'aan ilaa cadaawad, oo ay ku jiraan hanjabaad ku darida. Bishii Febraayo 2025, Trump iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka Vance waxay ku dhaleeceeyeen madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy kulan muran badan dhaliyay oo telefishinka laga sii daayay. Warbaahinta ayaa ku tilmaantay iska hor imaad aan hore loo arag oo dhex maray madaxweyne Maraykan ah iyo madax ajnabi ah . Trump iyo maamulkiisa imaan doona ayaa gacan ka geystay dhexdhexaadinta xabbad joojinta dagaalka Gaza oo ay weheliyaan maamulka Biden, oo la dhaqan galiyay maalin ka hor caleema saarkiisa. Bishii Maarso, Israa'iil waxay jebisay xabbad-joojintii . Siyaasadaha dhaqaalaha ee Trump ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo ilaalinaya , iyadoo Trump uu ku soo rogay canshuuraha dalalka intooda badan, oo ay ku jiraan canshuuraha waaweyn ee la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga ee Shiinaha, Canada, iyo Mexico. Wuxuu bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo caalami ah , isagoo ku soo rogay canshuuro heerkii ugu sarreeyay tan iyo 1930kii Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act ee bilawga diiqada weyn . Dhaqaale-yahannadu waxay ku doodeen in maamulku uu si khaldan u fahmay xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhimista ganacsiga iyo canshuuraha, iyaga oo isticmaalaya fikrado khaldan. Narendra Modi ayaa ka falceliyay 50 boqolkiiba tacriifta Trump ee soo dejinta Hindiya isaga oo sii xoojinaya xiriirka Shiinaha. Wuxuu hakiyay tabarucaadkii dhaqaale ee Maraykanku siin jiray Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka . ===Garsoorka, 2025 – hadda=== Garsoorayaasha federaalku waxay u arkeen qaar badan oo ka mid ah falalka maamulka inay yihiin sharci-darro. Ka dib dib-u-dhac xagga sharciga ah, Trump wuxuu kordhiyey dhaleeceynta garsoorka wuxuuna ku baaqay in la soo oogo garsoorayaasha federaalka ee isaga ka soo horjeeday. Wuxu u hanjabay, saxeexay tallaabooyinka fulinta, waxaanu amray in baadhitaan lagu sameeyo dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda, dhaleecaynta, iyo ururrada la safan Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga. Bartamihii Luulyo, falanqaynta Washington Post waxay ogaatay inuu ka soo horjeestay garsoorayaasha iyo maxkamadaha qiyaastii saddex meelood meel dhammaan kiisaska isaga ka dhanka ah, falalka ay ku tilmaameen khubarada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag maamul kasta oo madaxweyne ah. ( 654 ) Diidmada amarada maxkamada iyo sheegashadiisa xaq u lahaanshaha maxkamadaha waxay cabsi galisay khubarada sharciga qalalaasaha dastuuriga ah . Falanqaynta badan oo ay sameeyeen aqoonyahanno akadeemiyadeed iyo The New York Times waxay ogaadeen in labada garsoore ee Jamhuuriga iyo Dimuqraadigu ay heleen cillado badan oo dastuuri ah iyo qaanuuneed oo leh siyaasadaha maamulka Trump. Maamulkiisu wuxuu caddeeyey xuquuq dastuuri ah oo ah inuu iska indhatiro sharciga federaalka isagoo sabab uga dhigaya dhowr tallaabo sida diidmadiisa inuu dhaqan geliyo mamnuucista federaalka ee TikTok , iyada oo khubarada sharciga ay ku tilmaameen inay tahay "awood dastuuri ah oo lagu tallaalayo dhinacyada gaarka ah inay ku kacaan falal kale oo sharci darro ah iyada oo aan la ciqaabin". Waxa kale oo uu ku hawlanaa beegsiga aan hore loo arag ee shirkadaha sharciga iyo qareennada oo hore u matalay jagooyin lid ku ah naftiisa. ==Dhaqan siyaasadeed iyo hadal-hayn== Laga soo bilaabo ololihiisii ​​2016, siyaasadda Trump iyo hadal-hayntiisa ayaa horseeday abuuritaanka dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo loo yaqaan Trumpism. Mawqifkiisa siyaasadeed waa populist ,oo si gaar ah loogu tilmaamay populist garabka midig . Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inuu aqbalay xag-jirnimada midigta-fog , wuxuuna ka caawiyay inuu keeno fikradaha iyo ururrada midigta fog ee guud ahaan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisa iyo hadalladiisa ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Trump waxa uu ku riixay balaadhinta awoodda madaxweynanimada iyada oo la raacayo tafsiir maxalli ah oo ku saabsan aragtida fulinta midaysan . Saldhiggiisa siyaasadeed waxa la barbar dhigay cibaadaysi shakhsiyeed . Hadalka Trump iyo ficilkiisa ayaa lagu eedeeyay in uu abuuray oo uu uga sii daray cadhada iyo kalsooni darada iyada oo la adeegsanayo sheeko "annaga" iyo "iyaga" . Wuxuu si cad oo joogto ah u dhaleeceeyaa jinsiyadda, diinta, iyo qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay, iyo culimadu waxay si joogto ah u ogaadaan in nacaybka jinsiyadeed ee ku saabsan madowga, soogalootiga, iyo Muslimiinta ay yihiin saadaalinta ugu fiican ee taageerada Trump. Hadaladiisa waxa lagu tilmaamay in uu isticmaalay cabsi-cabsi iyo maangaabnimo taas oo sii xoogaysatay ololihiisii ​​madaxtinimada ee 2024 . Wuxuu sheegay inuu rumaysan yahay in awoodda dhabta ahi ay ka timaad cabsi. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Alt-right ayaa isku duubay oo taageeray musharaxnimadiisa, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay qayb ka mid ah diidmada dhaqamada kala duwan iyo socdaalka . Waxa uu leeyahay rafcaan xooggan oo loogu talagalay codbixiyayaasha Masiixiyiinta ah ee wacdiya iyo waddaniyiinta Masiixiyiinta ah , iyo dibad-baxyadiisa waxay qaataan calaamadaha, odhaahda, iyo ajandaha waddaniyadda Masiixiyiinta. Trump waxa uu sidoo kale u adeegsaday shuuci ka soo horjeeda hadaladiisa, isaga oo si joogta ah ugu yeeraya kuwa ka soo horjeeda " Communists " iyo " Marxists ===Aragtida jinsiyadeed iyo jinsiga=== Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinka iyo ficillada Trump ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsurinimo. Ra'yi ururin qaran oo 2018 ah, qiyaastii kala badh ka mid ah jawaab bixiyaasha ayaa sheegay inuu yahay cunsuri; in badan oo ka mid ah waxay aaminsanaayeen in uu ku dhiirraday cunsuriyiinta. Dhowr daraasadood iyo sahanno ayaa lagu ogaaday in dabeecadaha cunsuriyadu ay kiciyeen siyaasadiisa siyaasadeed oo ay aad uga muhiimsan yihiin arrimaha dhaqaalaha ee lagu go'aaminayo daacadnimada codbixiyayaasha Trump. Dabeecadaha cunsuriyiinta iyo Islaam nacaybka ayaa ah tilmaamo xooggan oo muujinaya taageerada Trump. Waxaa lagu eedeeyay cunsurinimo isagoo ku adkeystay koox ka kooban shan dhalinyaro madow iyo Latino ah inay kufsadeen haweeney caddaan ah kiiska 1989 Central Park jogger , xitaa ka dib markii laga saaray 2002. Sannadkii 2011-kii, Trump waxa uu noqday hoggaamiyihii hormoodka u ahaa fikradda shirqoolka cunsuriga ah ee "dhalasho" ee ah in Barack Obama, madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee madow ee Mareykanka, uusan ku dhalan Mareykanka. Waxa uu ku andacooday in uu ku cadaadiyay dawladda in ay daabacdo warqadda dhalashada Obama, taas oo uu u arkay in ay tahay khiyaano. Waxa uu qiray in Obama uu ku dhashay Maraykanka bishii Sebtembar 2016, inkasta oo la sheegay in uu si gaar ah u muujiyay aragtida dhalashada ee 2017. Intii lagu jiray ololihii doorashada 2024, wuxuu sameeyay weeraro been abuur ah oo ka dhan ah aqoonsiga jinsiyadeed ee ka soo horjeeda, Kamala Harris, kaas oo lagu tilmaamay inay xasuusinayaan fikradda shirqoolka dhalashada. Ololihiisii ​​2024 waxa uu si weyn u adeegsaday luqadda bini'aadantinimada ka-hortagga ah iyo fikradaha jinsiyadeed . Sannadkii 2025, wuxuu kor u qaaday sheegashooyinka beenta ah ee xasuuqa cadaanka ah ee Koonfur Afrika wuxuuna abuuray barnaamijka qaxootiga ee Koonfur Afrika . Trump ayaa caado u ah inuu dumarka xaqiro marka uu la hadlayo warbaahinta iyo baraha bulshada. Wuxuu sameeyay faallooyin xunxun, wuxuu naqdiyay muuqaalka dumarka, wuxuuna u tixraacay iyaga oo isticmaalaya ereyo sharaf leh. Laga bilaabo 2020, 26 dumar ah ayaa si fagaare ah ugu eedeeyay anshax-xumo galmo , oo ay ku jiraan kufsi, dhunkasho ogolaansho la'aan, xoqid, fiirinta goonnada haweenka hoostooda, iyo ku lugaynta tartamayaasha qaan-gaarka ee qaawan. Eedeymahaas wuu diiday. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, 2005 " murafoon kulul " ayaa soo baxay isaga oo ku faanaya dhunkashada iyo dhunkashada haweenka iyaga oo aan raalli ka ahayn, isaga oo leh, "Markaad xiddig tahay, waxay kuu oggolaadaan inaad sameyso. Wax kasta waad sameyn kartaa ... Ku qabo feerka . " Waxa uu faallooyinka ku tilmaamay "hadal-qol-badel". Dhacdadan oo si baahsan u soo bandhigtay warbaahinta ayaa keentay raaligelintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee dadweynaha, oo la duubay intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxweynaha 2016. ===Isku xirka rabshadaha iyo dembiyada nacaybka=== Trump ayaa loo aqoonsaday in uu fure u yahay kordhinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee Mareykanka, isaga oo ka dhan ah iyo mid ka dhan ah. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu ku qanacsan yahay xagjirnimada, aragtiyaha shirqoolka sida Q-Anon , iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada xagjirka ah ee midigta fog ilaa xad ka weyn madaxweyne kasta oo Maraykan ah oo casri ah, iyo ku lug lahaanshaha argagixisannimada stochastic . Cilmi-baaristu waxay soo jeedinaysaa in hadalka Trump uu la xiriiro kororka dhacdooyinka dembiyada nacaybka, iyo in uu leeyahay saameyn xoog leh oo ku saabsan muujinta dabeecadaha nacaybka ah sababtoo ah sida caadiga ah ee ereyada jinsiyadeed ee cad. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2016, wuxuu ku booriyay ama ammaanay weerarrada jireed ee ka dhanka ah dibad-baxayaasha ama wariyeyaasha. Eedeysaneyaal badan oo lagu baaray ama lagu soo oogay falal rabshado wata iyo dambiyada nacaybka ayaa soo xigtay hadalladiisa isagoo ku doodaya inaysan ahayn dambiile ama ay tahay inay helaan dabacsanaan. Dib u eegis dalka oo dhan ay samaysay ABC News bishii Maajo 2020 ayaa lagu aqoonsaday ugu yaraan 54 kiis oo danbi ah, laga bilaabo Agoosto 2015 ilaa Abriil 2020, kaas oo loogu yeedhay xidhiidh toos ah oo rabshado ama hanjabaado rabshado ah oo inta badan ay geystaan ​​ragga cadaanka ah iyo ugu horrayn ka dhanka ah dadka laga tirada badan yahay. Diidmada Trump ee ah in uu cambaareeyo kooxda cadaanka ah ee Proud Boys intii lagu jiray dooddii madaxweynenimada ee 2020 iyo faallooyinkiisii, "Wiilasha sharafta leh, istaaga oo garab istaaga", ayaa la sheegay in ay keentay in la kordhiyo shaqaaleysiinta kooxda Trump. Cilmi-baarayaasha la-dagaalanka argagixisanimada ayaa ku tilmaamay taariikhdiisa caadiga ah iyo dib-u-eegistiisa ee Janaayo 6 weerarkii Capitol, iyo bixinta naxariista dhammaan Janaayo 6 rabshad-wadayaasha , sida dhiirigelinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee mustaqbalka. ===Aragtiyo shirqool=== Tan iyo ka hor madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu kor u qaaday fikrado badan oo shirqool ah, oo ay ku jiraan Obama "dhalashada", diidmada isbedelka cimilada , iyo faragelinta Ukraine ee lagu eedeeyay doorashadii Mareykanka . Kadib doorashadii madaxweynaha ee 2020, wuxuu kor u qaaday fikradaha shirqoolka ee guuldaradiisa kuwaas oo lagu sifeeyay " beenta weyn ===Hadalo been ah ama marin habaabin ah=== [[File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png|thumb|Xaqiiq-baarayaasha ka socda Washington Ku dhaji , Toronto Star , iyo CNN waxay soo ururiyeen xog ku saabsan "dacwooyin been ah ama marin-habaabin ah" (asalka orange) iyo "sheegashada beenta ah" (violet foreground).]] Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u sheegaa hadalo been abuur ah oo uu ku jiro hadalo fagaare ah, ilaa xad aan horay loo arag siyaasada Mareykanka . Beentiisu waa qayb gaar ah oo ka mid ah aqoonsigiisa siyaasadeed waxaana lagu tilmaamay inay tahay dab-damis . Hadaladiisa beenta ah iyo marin habaabinta ah waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin-hubi , oo ay ku jiraan The Washington Post , kaas oo 30,573 been abuur ah ama been abuur ah oo uu sameeyay intii lagu jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horreeyay, oo sii kordhaya waqti ka dib. Qaar ka mid ah been-abuurka Trump waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan faa'iido lahayn, halka kuwa kalena ay lahaayeen saameyn aad u fog, sida dhiirrigelintiisa aan la hubin ee dawooyinka ka hortagga duumada sida daaweynta COVID-19, taasoo keentay yaraanta Maraykanka ee daawooyinkan iyo iibsashada argagaxa ee Afrika iyo Koonfurta Aasiya. Macluumaad kale oo khaldan, sida si khaldan loogu sheegay kororka dambiyada England iyo Wales "fidinta argagixisada xagjirka ah", waxay u adeegtay ujeedooyinkiisa siyaasadeed ee gudaha. Weeraradiisa waraaqaha waraaqaha boostada iyo dhaqamada kale ee doorashada ayaa wiiqay kalsoonida dadweynaha ee hufnaanta doorashada madaxweynaha 2020, halka xog-warrankiisa ku saabsan masiibada uu dib u dhigay oo uu wiiqay jawaabta qaranka ee ku wajahan. Caadiyan kama cudur daarato beentiisa. Ilaa 2018, warbaahintu marar dhif ah ayay beentiisa ugu yeertay been, oo ay ku jirto markii uu ku celceliyay hadallo been abuur ah. ===Baraha bulshada=== Joogitaanka baraha bulshada ee Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha caalamka kadib markii uu ku biiray Twitter-ka sanadkii 2009. Waxa uu si isdaba joog ah u soo dhigayay ololihiisii ​​2016-kii iyo intii uu madaxweyne ahaa ilaa Twitter-ka uu mamnuucay ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo. Wuxuu inta badan isticmaali jiray Twitter si uu si toos ah ula xiriiro dadweynaha oo uu u leexiyo saxaafadda; ee 2017, xoghayntiisa saxaafadda ayaa sheegay in tweets- kiisa uu ka kooban yahay bayaannada rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2024 iyo madaxweynanimada labaad wuxuu si joogta ah u dhajiyay waxyaabo AI-soo saaray naftiisa sida astaanta dhaqanka pop-ka ama muhaajiriinta ku jeesjeesa. Ka dib sanado badan oo dhaleecayn ah oo loogu ogolaaday Trump in uu ku dhejiyo macluumaad khaldan iyo been abuur, Twitter ayaa bilaabay in uu ku dhejiyo qaar ka mid ah tweetskiisa hubinta xaqiiqda May 2020. Isagoo ka jawaabaya, wuxuu sheegay in shabakadaha warbaahinta bulshada "gebi ahaanba aamusin" muxaafidka oo uu "si adag u xakameyn doono, ama xidhi doono". Kadib weerarkii Janaayo 6, waxaa laga mamnuucay Facebook , Instagram , Twitter, iyo aalado kale. Luminta joogitaankiisa warbaahinta bulshada ayaa hoos u dhigtay awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu qaabeeyo dhacdooyinka oo la xidhiidha hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid mugga macluumaadka khaldan ee Twitter. Bishii Feebaraayo 2022, waxa uu bilaabay bar-kulanka bulshada ee Truth Social halkaas oo uu ku soo jiitay qayb ka mid ah Twitterkiisa. Elon Musk , ka dib markii uu helay Twitter , wuxuu dib u soo celiyay akoonkiisa Twitter bishii Noofambar 2022. Mamnuucidda labada sano ee Meta Platforms ayaa dhacay Janaayo 2023, taas oo u ogolaatay inuu ku laabto Facebook iyo Instagram. ===Xiriirka saxaafadda=== [[File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg|thumb|Isagoo saxaafadda la hadlaya, March 2017]] Trump waxa uu raadiyay dareenka warbaahinta intii uu ku jiray xirfadiisa, isaga oo ilaalinaya xidhiidhka "jacaylka iyo nacaybka" ee uu la leeyahay saxaafadda. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ka faa'iideystey qaddarka rikoorka ah ee warbaahinta xorta ah, oo lagu qiyaasay $ 2 bilyan. Musharrax ahaan iyo madaxweyne ahaan, wuxuu si joogta ah ugu eedeeyay saxaafadda eexda, isaga oo ku tilmaamay "warbaahinta wararka been abuurka ah" iyo " cadowga dadka ". Madaxtinimadii ugu horreysay ee Trump ayaa hoos u dhigtay war-bixinnada rasmiga ah ee saxaafadda ee boqolkii 2017 ilaa kala badh taas 2018 iyo laba 2019; waxa ay sidoo kale kala noqdeen sharcigii saxaafadeed ee laba wariye oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo ay maxkamaduhu dib u soo celiyeen. Trump's 2020 ol'olihii madaxtinimo wuxuu dacweeyay New York Times , Washington Post , iyo CNN ka dib markii uu aflagaadeeyay qaybo ra'yi ah oo ku saabsan mawqifkiisa faragelinta doorashada Ruushka. Dhammaan dacwadihii waa la diiday. Sannadkii 2024, Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u muujiyay taageerada uu ku mamnuucayo diidmada siyaasadeed iyo dhaleeceynta, wuxuuna sheegay in weriyeyaasha waa in lagu dacweeyaa si aanay u sheegin ilo qarsoodi ah iyo shirkadaha warbaahintu waa inay suurtogal tahay inay lumiyaan shatiyadooda baahinta wararka aan fiicnayn ee isaga. Markii dib loo doortay, Trump wuxuu bilaabay dacwooyin wuxuuna abuuray liis madow oo ka dhan ah warbaahinta qaar, wuxuuna la wareegay nidaamka ay wadaan ururka saxafiyiinta Aqalka Cad si uu u doorto xarumaha ay galaangal u leeyihiin. Halkii loo hoggaansami lahaa amarka maxkamadda ee lagu soo celin lahaa gelitaanka Associated Press , Aqalka Cad wuxuu sameeyay siyaasad xaddidan oo la heli karo dhammaan adeegyada siligga. Guddiga Isgaarsiinta Federaalka ayaa bilaabay baaritaanno lagu sameeyo xarumaha warbaahinta ee lagu eedeeyay eex isaga ka dhan ah. Natiijadii hanjabaadda Trump, madaxda warbaahinta waxay ku amreen saxafiyiinta iyo shaqaalahooda inay is-faafreebaan oo ay yareeyaan dhaleeceynta Trump, iyo CBS waxay isku raaceen inay abuuraan Ombudsman si ay ula socdaan kanaalada wararka si ay xididdada ugu siibaan "eex" CBS News. Bishii Luulyo 2025, wuxuu dacweeyay wargeyska Wall Street Journal daabacaadda sheeko la xiriirta saaxiibtinimadiisii ​​hore ee dembiilaha galmada ee Jeffrey Epstein , taasoo calaamad u ah markii ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne fadhiya uu dacweeyo urur warbaahineed eedeymo sumcad dil ah. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== ===Qoyska=== 1977, Trump wuxuu guursaday Ivana Zelníčková . Waxay lahaayeen saddex carruur ah: Donald Jr. (b. 1977), Ivanka (b. 1981), iyo Eric (b. 1984). Lammaanaha ayaa is furay 1990-kii, ka dib markii uu xiriir la yeeshay moodelka iyo atariishada Marla Maples . Isaga iyo Maples waxay guursadeen 1993 waxayna is fureen 1999. Waxay leeyihiin hal gabadh, Tiffany (b. 1993), oo Maples ku kortay California. Sannadkii 2005, wuxuu guursaday moodelka Slovenia Melania Knauss . Waxay leeyihiin hal wiil, Barron (b. 2006). ===Xiriirka Jeffrey Epstein=== Trump waxa uu saaxiibtimo 15 sano ah la lahaa Jeffrey Epstein ; Dadkii markaas yaqaannay waxay sheegeen inay si joogta ah u garaaci jireen oo ay u tartami jireen dumarka. Dareenka warbaahinta iyo cadaadiska dadweynaha ayaa kordhay 2025, markii maamulkiisu uusan sii dayn faylasha la xidhiidha Epstein , inkastoo Trump uu ballanqaaday inuu sidaas samaynayo intii lagu jiray ololaha 2024. ===Caafimaadka=== Trump waxa uu sheegay in aanu waligii cabbin khamri, sigaar cabin, ama aanu isticmaalin daroogo. Wuxuu seexdaa qiyaastii afar ama shan saacadood habeenkii. Waxa uu golfing ugu yeedhay "qaabka jimicsiga aasaasiga ah", laakiin inta badan ma socdo koorsada. Wuxuu u arkaa jimicsigu inuu yahay tamar tamar sababtoo ah wuxuu aaminsan yahay in jirku yahay "sida batteriga oo kale, oo leh qadar xaddidan oo tamar ah", kaas oo lagu dhammeeyo jimicsiga. Sannadkii 2015, ololahiisu wuxuu sii daayay warqad ka timid dhakhtarkiisii ​​gaarka ahaa ee Harold Bornstein , isagoo sheegay inuu " noqon doono shakhsiga ugu caafimaadka badan ee abid loo doorto madaxweynaha". Sannadkii 2018, Bornstein wuxuu sheegay in Trump uu amar ku bixiyay nuxurka warqadda iyo in saddex ka mid ah wakiillada Trump ay qabsadeen diiwaankiisa caafimaad bishii Febraayo 2017 ee xafiiska Bornstein. ===Diinta=== Trump wuxuu sheegay 2016 inuu ahaa Presbyterian iyo Protestant . Sannadkii 2020, wuxuu sheegay inuu yahay Masiixi aan diin-nabi ahayn . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar badan ayaa su'aal ka keenay qoto dheeraanta xiriirka diimeed. Baadhitaan la sameeyay intii lagu guda jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee Trump (2017-2021) ayaa muujisay in boqolkiiba 63 dadka Maraykanku aanay rumaysnayn in uu diin yahay, inkasta oo uu aaminsan yahay in uu Masiixi yahay, boqolkiiba 44 oo keliya dadka Maraykanka ah ayaa aaminsan in Trump uu yahay Masiixi. Qaar ka mid ah faallooyinka Trump ee Kitaabka Qudduuska ah ama dhaqanka Masiixiga ayaa horseeday in dadka indha indheeya ay soo jeediyaan in aqoonta uu u leeyahay Masiixiyadda ay tahay mid maqaar-saar ah ama khalad ah, qaar yar oo taariikh-nololeed ah ayaa ku tilmaamay Trump mid qoto dheer ama xitaa diineed. Waqtigiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu u magacaabay wadaadkiisa gaarka ah iyo lataliyaha ruuxiga ah, milyaneer teleefaanjiste Paula White-Cain , Xafiiska Xiriirka Dadweynaha ee Aqalka Cad . Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad, wuxuu u magacaabay lataliyeheeda sare Xafiiska cusub ee rumaysadka ee Aqalka Cad . ==Qiimaynta== ===Sawirka dadweynaha=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee Trump, laga bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2020, qiimeynta oggolaanshaha caalamiga ah ee hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos uga dhacday 22 boqolkiiba ra'yi ururin Gallup ee 134 waddan ilaa 16 boqolkiiba - oo ka hooseeya Shiinaha Xi Jinping iyo Vladimir Putin ee Ruushka - ee Pew Research ra'yi ee 13 waddan. Sannadka 2017, qiyaasta hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos u dhacday inta badan xulafada. Gudaha, xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu lahaa taageerada ugu weyn ee xisbiyada: 88 boqolkiiba Jamhuuriga iyo 7 boqolkiiba Dimuqraadiyiinta. Codbixintii Gallup ee 2021, wuxuu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan waligii gaadhin 50 boqolkiiba oggolaanshaha, wuxuuna ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aan la magacaabin ee loogu riyaaqay sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska. Muddadii labaad ee rubuciisii ​​​​hore sida uu qabo Gallup, oggolaanshaha Trump wuxuu ahaa 45 boqolkiiba - xoogaa ka wanaagsan xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, oo aad uga hooseeya celceliska boqolkiiba 60 ee madaxweynayaasha kale. Taageeradu waxa ay ahaan jirtay mid aan kala fogayn; Waxa uu helay oggolaanshaha boqolkiiba 90 ee Jamhuuriga, 37 boqolkiiba madax-bannaanida, iyo boqolkiiba 4 ee Dimuqraadiyiinta. Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad wuxuu sidoo kale arkay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid ra'yiga dadweynaha caalamiga ah ee Maraykanka ===Qiimaynta cilmiga=== Ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee Trump, taariikhyahanadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen Trump inuu yahay madaxweynihii afraad ee ugu xumaa sahanka C-SPAN ee 2021 ee taariikhyahannada madaxtooyada. Waxa uu ku qiimeeyay kuwa ugu hooseeya qaybaha sifooyinka hogaaminta ee awooda akhlaaqda iyo xirfadaha maamulka. Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Siena College 's 2022 sahanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay kan saddexaad. Waxa uu ku jiray kaalmaha ugu hooseeya dhammaan qaybaha marka laga reebo nasiibka, rabitaanka khatarta, iyo hoggaanka xisbiga, waxaanu ka galay kaalinta ugu dambeeya dhowr qaybood. 2018 iyo 2024, xubno ka tirsan Ururka Sayniska Siyaasadda Mareykanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay madaxweynaha ugu xun. ==Xusuusin== a:Bilowgii markii Trump uu saddex sano jirsaday, aabbihii waxa uu siin jiray mid kasta oo carruurtiisa ka mid ah $6,000 sannadkii, lacagta ugu badan ee la oggol yahay iyada oo aan la gelin cashuur hadiyadeed. Si looga fogaado cashuuraha, Fred waxa uu ka dhigay mulkiilayaal laba ka mid ah dhismooyinkiisa guri, isaga oo bixinaya midkiiba $13,928 kirada sannad kasta b:Later , 2015, wuxuu ugu hanjabay dugsigiisa sare, kulliyadaha, iyo Guddiga Kulliyadda tallaabo sharci ah haddii ay sii daayaan diiwaankiisa waxbarasho. C:UPenn's 1968 barnaamijka bilawga ah wuxuu ku taxayaa Trump inuu helay shahaadada koowaad ee Sayniska ee Dhaqaalaha oo aan ahayn qaataha Sharafta Tacliinta d:Kadib Trump waxa uu ku dayan doonaa Peale's Awooda Fikirka Toosan ee Farshaxanka Heshiiska e:Doorashada madaxweynahaee Maraykanka waxaa go'aamiya kulliyadda doorashada Gobol kastaa wuxuu magacaabayaa tiro codbixiyeyaal ah oo la mid ah matalaadda Congress-ka iyo (gobollada intooda badan) dhammaan cod-bixiyayaashu waxay u codeeyaan cidda ku guulaysata codbixinta caanka ah ee gobolkooda. f:Madaxweyne Jamhuuri ah oo ay weheliyaan Jamhuuriga gacanta ku haysa labada gole ee Congress-ka g:CBS kama helin wax diiwaan ah oo dambi ah 75% dadka Venezuela ee la xiray. h: 2025, Pew Research waxay ogaatay dad ku nool dalal badan (12 ka mid ah 20 iyo 4 xiriir) waxay u arkeen Shiinaha inuu yahay dhaqaalaha ugu horreeya adduunka. ==Tixraac== [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html "Michael Cohen ayaa sheegay in Trump uu u sheegay in uu ugu hanjabay iskuulada in aysan sii deynin darajooyinka"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/politics/donald-trump-roy-cohn.html "Muxuu Donald Trump Ka Bartay Ninka Gacanta Midig Ee Joseph McCarthy] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo Kharashka Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka: Addenda et Corrigenda] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo sida Burburiyaha Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka] [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/donald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship "Sidee Donald Trump iyo Roy Cohn's arxan la'aanta Symbiosis u beddeshay Ameerika"] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/jun/21/hillary-clinton/yep-donald-trumps-companies-have-declared-bankrupt/ "Haa, shirkadaha Donald Trump waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay kiciyeen...in ka badan afar jeer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html "Trump waxa uu ku hawlanaa qorshayaal cashuureed oo laga shakisan yahay isaga oo ka guranaya maalkii Aabihiis"] [https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel "Taariikhda dabaylaha ah ee mashruucii ugu horeeyey ee hantida maguurtada ah ee Manhattan ee Donald Trump"] {{Wayback|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel |date=20211009191253 }} [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father "Sheekada beenta ah ee Trump wuxuu ku dhisay boqortooyadiisa 'amaah yar' oo uu ka helay aabihiis"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html "Trump, New Yorker inta nool, wuxuu naftiisa ku dhawaaqay inuu yahay degane Florida"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html "Trump's Plaza Hotel Planruptcy Plan waa la ansixiyay"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html "Trump waxa uu ka iibinayaa Hotel Plaza maalgashadayaasha Sucuudiga iyo Aasiya"] [https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-irs-audit-chicago-hotel-taxes "Hanti-dhawrka IRS ee Trump wuxuu ku kacayaa kharash ka badan 100 milyan oo doolar" Madaxweynihii hore] [https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ "Xaqiiqda ku saabsan kor u kaca iyo dhicitaanka Donald Trump ee Boqortooyada Atlantic City"] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ "Markii Afraad ee Soojiidashada: Sida Donald Trump Uga Sameeyey Fasaxa Isaga] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html "Wax kasta oo ku dhacay qoorta Trump? Way dhammaatay. Sidoo kale waa inta badan boqortooyadii ganacsiga ee Trump"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Toban sano oo Casaanka ah: Tirooyinka Canshuurta ee Trump ayaa muujinaya in ka badan $ 1 bilyan oo khasaare ganacsi ah"] [https://cnn.com/2016/08/22/politics/donald-trump-activist-investor/ "Xilligii Gordon Gekko: Donald Trump ee faa'iidada iyo wakhtiga muranka badan ee maal-galiye firfircoon"] [https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think "Waa maxay sababta uu Donald Trump u leeyahay xiddiga caanka ah ee caanka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee? Ma aha sababta aad u maleyneyso "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-donald-trump-retooled-his-charity-to-spend-other-peoples-money/2016/09/10/da8cce64-75df-11e6-8149-b8d05321db62_story.html "Sida Donald Trump uu dib ugu habeeyey hay'addiisa samafalka si uu u isticmaalo lacagta dadka kale"] [https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/18/media/vince-mcmahon-donald-trump-payments/index.html "Baaritaanno lagu sameeyay lacag-bixinnada xannibaadda ee Vince McMahon ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay soo saareen deeqaha samafalka ee Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html "Trump Foundation waxay amartay inay joojiso lacag ururinta xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee NY"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest "Donald Trump si uu u kala diro aasaaskiisa samafalka ka dib markii ay sii kordhayaan cabashooyinka"] [https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 "Madaxweyne Donald Trump waxa uu amray in uu bixiyo $2M si loo ururiyo hay'adaha aan macaash doonka ahayn taas oo qayb ka ah dacwadda madaniga ah"] [https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12 "Taariikhda dheer ee Trump ee Deutsche Bank waxay hadda noqon kartaa xarunta baaritaanka Robert Mueller"] [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christophermassie/theres-hours-of-audio-of-donald-trumps-nationally-syndicated "Waxaa jira saacado maqal ah oo ah Bandhigga Raadiyaha Qaranka ee Donald Trump's Syndicated 2000-meeyadii"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ "Sida warbaahinta muxaafidka ahi ula wareegayso xisbiga Jamhuuriga"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/02/04/trump-resigns-screen-actors-guild/ "Iyadoo uu wajahayo cayrinta, Trump wuxuu iska casilayaa xubinnimada jilayaasha shaashadda: 'Waxba iima aadan sameynin'] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ "Bush wuxuu yidhi Trump wuxuu ahaa Dimuqraadi in ka badan Jamhuuriga" tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay'] [https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/donald-trump-was-once-a-registered-democrat-and-party-donor-why-did-he-jump-ship/wj85mj5yq "Donald Trump mar wuxuu ahaa deeq bixiye dimuqraadi ah iyo xisbi, haddaba muxuu markabka u booday?"] [https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/ "Donald Trump wuxuu u tartamay madaxweyne sannadkii 2000 dhowr xisbi oo dib u habayn ah] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race "Donald Trump wuxuu ku guuldarreystay inuu ka baxo tartanka doorashada madaxtinimada Mareykanka ee 2012"] [https://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489476187/trump-s-second-amendment-comment-fit-a-pattern-of-ambiguous-speech "Khudbada muranka badan dhalisay ee Donald Trump inta badan way socotaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/ "Su'aalaha Trump wuxuu u baahan yahay NATO, wuxuu qeexayaa siyaasadda dibadda ee aan dhexdhexaad ahayn"] [https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ "Donald Trump wuxuu jebiyey taariikhda dhow isagoo aan soo celin canshuur celinta"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Donald Trump Waxa Uu Qiray In Aanu Bixin Cashuuraha Dakhliga Dowladda Dhexe Muddo Sanado Ah"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html "Tiro taariikhi ah oo codbixiyeyaal ah ayaa xumaaday, waxaana intooda badan loo malaynayaa inay u codeeyaan Clinton"] [https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ "Guusha Trump tusaale kale oo ku saabsan sida Kuliyada Doorashada ay u guuleysato ayaa ka weyn codadka dadweynaha"] [https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience "Donald Trump wuxuu noqon doonaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee Maraykanka ee aan lahayn khibrad siyaasadeed iyo mid milatari"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html "Dacwad ku saabsan xadgudubyada Emoluments Trump waxay kasbatay soo jiidashada maxkamadda"] [https://cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/emoluments-supreme-court-donald-trump-case/ "Maxkamadda sare waxay meesha ka saartay kiisas ka dhan ah Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-donation-salary-white-house/2021/07/29/07723234-efd9-11eb-bf80-e3877d9c5f06_story.html "Trump ma raacay ballan qaadkiisii ​​ahaa in uu ku deeqayo 6-dii bilood ee ugu dambeysay mushaarkiisa madaxtinimo? Waa wax qarsoon"] [https://www.citizensforethics.org/reports-investigations/crew-reports/trump-likely-benefited-from-13-6-million-in-payments-from-foreign-governments-during-his-presidency "Trump waxay u badan tahay inuu ka faa'iidey $13.6 milyan oo ay bixiyeen dowlado shisheeye intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/08/trump-jobs-record/ "Trump wuxuu lahaan doonaa rikoodhkii ugu xumaa ee shaqooyinka taariikhda casriga ah ee Maraykanka. Kaliya maaha masiibada"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html "Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka 2017-kii inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Moscow ee doorashada Mareykanka"] [https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ "Xidhiidh badan oo badan, badan, badan, xiriir badan ayuu Donald Trump la leeyahay Ruushka"] {{Wayback|url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |date=20170228022233 }} [https://www.9news.com.au/world/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-investigation-started-with-alexander-downer-interview/16121e23-bdfc-4f32-9822-e4a7f841e3e4 "Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah: Baadhitaanka Trump ee Ruushka ayaa ka bilaabmay waraysiga Alexander Downer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/us/politics/trump-russia-justice-department.html "Xafiiska Cadaaladda. Weligaa si buuxda uma baarin xiriirka Trump ee Ruushka, saraakiishii hore ayaa yiri "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/30/trump-briefly-acknowledges-that-russia-aided-his-election-falsely-says-he-didnt-help-effort/ "Trump wuxuu si kooban u qirayaa in Ruushku gacan ka geystay doorashadiisa - wuxuuna si been abuur ah u sheegay inuusan gacan ka geysan dadaalka"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/328637/last-trump-job-approval-average-record-low.aspx "Oggolaanshaha shaqada ee Trump ee u dambeeyay 34%; Celceliska waa Rikoor-hoosee 41%"] [https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ "Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee la doortay ee Maraykanka oo aan loo magacaabin ninka loogu jecel yahay Maraykanka sannadkiisii ​​ugu horeeyay"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/655955/trump-inaugural-approval-rating-historically-low-again.aspx "Qiimaynta Ansixinta Daahfurka ee Trump waa mid taariikhiyan mar kale hooseysa"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/11/opinion-of-us-has-worsened-in-countries-around-world-in-last-year-survey-shows "Fikirka Mareykanka ayaa ka sii daray dalalka adduunka sannadkii hore, sahan ayaa muujinaya"] [https://www.c-span.org/presidentsurvey2021/ "Sahaminta Taariikhyahanada Madaxweynaha 2021"b] [https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/trump-cspan-president-ranking-497184 "Trump wuxuu ku soo baxay kaalinta 41-aad ee qiimeynta madaxtinimo ee C-SPAN"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/06/30/presidential-rankings-2021-cspan-historians/ "Taariikhyahanadu waxay kaliya doorteen madaxweynayaasha. Trump ma ahayn kii ugu dambeeyay"] [https://scri.siena.edu/2022/06/22/american-presidents-greatest-and-worst/ "Madaxweynayaasha Mareykanka: kan ugu weyn uguna xun"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/19/opinion/how-does-trump-stack-up-against-the-best-and-worst-presidents.html "Fikirka: Sidee buu Trump uga soo horjeedaa kuwa ugu fiican - iyo kan ugu xun - madaxweynayaasha?"] [https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1232447088/historians-presidents-survey-trump-last-biden-14th "Sahanka maalinta madaxweynayaasha taariikhyahanada, Biden vs. Trump maaha wicitaan dhow"]{{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] ln499lex9yl76oxi0qnuzuq2rsgs86g 299719 299717 2026-06-27T09:19:18Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Eedaynta */ Fixed grammar 299719 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald John Trump''' (wuxuu dhashay [[Juun]] [[14]], 1946) waa siyaasi [[Mareykan]] ah, shaqsi warbaahin ah, iyo ganacsade ah madaxweynaha 47-aad ee Mareykanka . Xubin ka tirsan Xisbiga Jamhuuriga , wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynihii [[45]]-aad ee [[2017]] ilaa 2021. {{Infobox officeholder | image = Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. THIS IS the new official portrait. See the talk page. --> | alt = Sawirka rasmiga ah ee Madaxweynaha 2025, Donald Trump, oo ah nin caddaan ah oo da’ ah, timo huruud khafiif ah leh, xirta surwaal iyo jaakad buluug ah oo leh surwaal laabta ah, taagan hortiisa calanka Maraykanka. | caption = Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2025. | order = 45aad & 47aad <!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] Waxay lahayd isfaham daciif ah oo lagu sii hayo xaaladda hadda jirta (ma jiro xiriir/ilaha lagu tixraaco).--> | office = Madaxweynaha Maraykanka | vicepresident = [[JD Vance]] | term_start = January 20, 2025 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Joe Biden]] | successor = | vicepresident1 = [[Mike Pence]] | term_start1 = January 20, 2017 | term_end1 = January 20, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Barack Obama]] | successor1 = Joe Biden | birth_name = Donald John Trump | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}} | birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]], U.S. | death_place = | party = [[Xisbiga Jamhuuriga (Mareykanka)|Jamhuuriyaan]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–Hadda) | otherparty = {{ubl | [[Xisbiga Dib-u-habaynta ee Mareykanka|Dib-u-habayn]] (1999–2001) | [[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga (Mareykanka)|Dimuqraadiga]] (2001–2009) | [[Siyaasi madax banaan|Madax banaan]] (2011–2012)}} | spouse = {{ubl | {{marriage|[[Ivana Trump|Ivana Zelníčková]]|1977|1990|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|1993|1999|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]]|2005}} }} | children = {{hlist | [[Donald Trump Jr. |Donald Jr.]] | [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] | [[Eric Trump|Eric]] | [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] | Barron }} | parents = {{ubl | [[Fred Trump]] | [[Mary Anne MacLeod]]}} | relatives = [[Qoyska Trump]] | education = [[Jaamacadda Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Shahaadada Sayniska|BS]]) | occupation = {{hlist | Siyaasi | Ganacsade | Shaqsiga warbaahinta }} | residence = [[Aqalka Cad]] | awards = | signature = Donald Trump (Presidential signature).svg | signature_alt = Saxeexa Donald J. Trump oo qaab farshaxan leh, lagu qoray khad. | website = {{ubl | {{URL|donaldjtrump.com|Campaign website}} | {{URL|trumplibrary.gov|Presidential library}} | {{URL|whitehouse.gov|White House website}} | {{URL|trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov|White House archives}} }} | module = {{Listen voice | filename = Donald Trump speaks on declaration of Covid-19 as a Global Pandemic by the World Health Organization.ogg | description = Trump oo ka hadlay bayaanka [[Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka|Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka]] [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 oo ah cudur faafa caalami ah]] | recorded = Maarso 11, 2020 }} }} Waxa uu ka dhashay qoys qani ah oo ku nool magaalada New York, Trump waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay jaamacadda Pennsylvania [[1968]]-dii isaga oo shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaatay cilmiga dhaqaalaha. Waxa uu noqday madaxweynaha ganacsiga hantida ma-guurtada ah ee qoyskiisa 1971-kii, waxa uu u bixiyay ururka Trump , waxa uuna bilaabay in uu helo oo dhiso dhismayaal dhaadheer, hoteello, casinos, iyo koorsooyin golf. Waxa uu bilaabay ganacsiyo dhinac ah, qaar badan oo shati siinaya magaca Trump, waxana uu xareeyay lix shil oo ganacsi 1990-meeyadii iyo 2000-meeyadii. Laga soo bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2015, wuxuu martigeliyay bandhigga telefishanka dhabta ah ee Tababbarka , isagoo xoojiyay caannimadiisa bilyaneer. Isaga oo isu soo bandhigaya siyaasad dibadda ka ah, Trump ayaa ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016-kii oo uu kula tartamay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary klinton . Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu soo rogay xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah toddobo waddan oo Muslimiin u badan, wuxuu ballaariyay darbiga xuduudka Mexico iyo Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaqan geliyey siyaasadda kala fogeynta qoyska ee xadka. Waxa uu dib u rogay xeerarkii deegaanka iyo ganacsiga, waxa uu saxeexay cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada , waxaanu magacaabay saddex garsoore oo Maxkamadda Sare ah. Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, Trump wuxuu ka saaray Mareykanka heshiisyada cimilada, ganacsiga iyo barnaamijka Nukliyeerka Iran, wuxuuna bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo uu la galo Shiinaha . Isaga oo ka jawaabaya masiibada COVID-19 laga soo bilaabo 2020, wuxuu hoos u dhigay darnaantiisa, wuxuu khilaafay saraakiisha caafimaadka, wuxuuna saxiixay Sharciga CARES . Ka dib markii uu lumiyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2020 ee Joe Biden , Trump wuxuu isku dayay inuu baabi'iyo natiijada , isagoo ku dhamaaday weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol 2021. Waxaa lagu riday 2019 ku takrifal awood iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka, iyo 2021 kicin kicin; guurtidu way ku wayday labada jeerba. 2023, Trump waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay kiisaska madaniga ah ee xadgudubka galmada ( Faylasha Epstein )iyo sumcad-dilista iyo khiyaanada ganacsiga . Waxaa lagu helay dambi ah inuu ka been abuuray diiwaannada ganacsiga 2024, taasoo ka dhigtay inuu noqdo madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Mareykan ah oo lagu helo dambi. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2024 ee Kamala Harris , waxaa lagu xukumay siidayn ciqaab la'aan ah , iyo laba eedeymo dambiile ah oo ka dhan ah haynta dukumentiyada sirta ah iyo carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 ayaa la eryay iyada oo aan eex lahayn. Kiis rafaad ah oo la xidhiidha doorashada 2020 ee Joorjiya waa la sugayaa. Trump wuxuu bilaabay madaxweynanimadiisii ​​labaad isagoo bilaabay shaqo ka cayrin ballaaran oo lagu sameeyay shaqaalaha federaalka . Wuxuu ku soo rogay canshuuraha ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan wadamada heerka ugu sarreeya tan iyo diiqada weyn wuxuuna saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Tallaabooyinka maamulkiisa - oo ay ku jiraan cabsi gelinta mucaaradka siyaasadeed iyo bulshada rayidka ah , masaafurinta soogalootiga, beegsiga dadka jinsiga ah, iyo isticmaalka ballaaran ee amarada fulinta - waxay soo saareen in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo ka soo horjeeda sharcinimadooda . Kiisaska caanka ah waxay hoosta ka xariiqeen tafsiirkiisa ballaadhan ee aragtida fulinta ee midaysan waxayna keentay khilaaf weyn oo lala galo maxkamadaha federaalka. Garsoorayaasha ayaa wax badan oo ka mid ah maamulkiisa ku tilmaamay kuwo sharci darro ah, waxaana dhowr jeer lagu tilmaamay kuwo aan sharciga waafaqsanayn. Laga soo bilaabo 2015, qaabka hoggaamineed ee Trump iyo ajandihiisa siyaasadeed - oo inta badan loo yaqaan Trumpism - ayaa wax ka beddelay aqoonsiga xisbiga Jamhuuriga. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinkiisa iyo ficilladiisa ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsuri ama caqli-xumo, wuxuuna sameeyay hadallo been abuur ah ama marin-habaabin ah wuxuuna kor u qaaday aragtiyaha shirqoolka heer aan horay looga baran siyaasadda Mareykanka. Tallaabooyinka Trump, gaar ahaan markiisa labaad, ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay ahaayeen kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geystay dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ka dib, aqoonyahanno iyo taariikhyahannadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen inuu yahay mid ka mid ah madaxweynayaashii ugu xumaa taariikhda Mareykanka Eedayno badana Waxa Loogu Soo jeediyay Dagaalkii Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan Iyo Difaaciisi Israa'iil iyo Carabta Bariga dhexe . ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== [[File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg|thumb|Akadeemiyada Militariga ee New York , 1964]] Donald John Trump waxa uu ku dhashay June 14, 1946, waxa uu ku dhashay cisbitaalka Jamaica ee ku yaala degmada New York ee degmada Queens , waana ilmihii afraad ee Fred Trump iyo Mary Anne MacLeod Trump . Waa Jarmal iyo Iskotish. Wuxuu ku koray walaalihiis ka weyn, Maryanne , Fred Jr. , iyo Elizabeth, iyo walaalkiis ka yar, Robert , oo ku yaal guri 23-qol ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Jamaica Estates ee Queens. Fred Trump wuxuu caruurtiisa siin jiray midkiiba $20,000 sanadkii, una dhiganta $265,000 sanadkii 2024. Trump wuxuu ahaa milyaneer doolarka sicir-bararka lagu hagaajiyay markuu siddeed jir ahaa. Trump wuxuu dhiganayay dugsiga gaarka loo leeyahay ee Kew-Forest ilaa fasalka toddobaad. Wuxuu ahaa ilmo dhib badan, wuxuuna muujiyay xiisaha hore ee ganacsiga aabihiis. Aabihii waxa uu ka diwaan galiyay New York Military Academy , dugsi boodhin ah oo gaar loo leeyahay, si uu u dhamaysto dugsiga sare. Akadeemiyadda ayaa ku riixday ardayda ciyaaraha isboortiga. waxayna bareen muhiimada guusha. Dugsigii sare, darajooyinkiisu way fiicnaadeen ilaa celceliska B. Trump wuxuu tixgeliyey xirfad ganacsi oo muujinaya, laakiin halkii, si uu ugu dhawaado guriga, wuxuu iska diiwaan geliyay Jaamacadda Fordham 1964. Waxa uu ka qaybqaatay barnaamijka Tababarka Saraakiisha Kaydka ah intii lagu jiray sannadkiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, isagoo dhiganayay fasallo ku labisan dharka ciidamada Arbacada kasta, laakiin wuxuu tuuray sannadkiisii ​​labaad. Wuxuu tuuray kubbadda cagta seddex ama afar usbuuc ka dib wuxuuna ahaa kubbadda cagta dhexdhexaad ah iyo ciyaartoy tennis ah. Asxaabtiisa Fordham waxay ku bareen golf. Sannadkiisii ​​yaraa, wuxuu u wareegay Dugsiga Wharton ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania , inta badan wuxuu u safri jiray xafiiska aabbihiis maalmaha fasaxa ah, wuxuuna ka qalin jabiyay Maajo 1968 oo uu ka qaatay shahaadada Sayniska ee dhaqaalaha. Kulliyadda ma ahayn ardaygii ugu sarreeyay ee uu mararka qaarkood sheegan jiray. Waqtigii uu aaday Wharton-halkaas oo uusan ka muuqan liiska kuwa hela abaalmarinta - wuxuu isha ku hayay xirfad ku taal hantida maguurtada ah. Waxa laga reebay qabyo-qoraalka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Vietnam sababtoo ah sheegashada lafaha cidhibtiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee shan sano oo uu ku jiray dugsiga milatariga, wax dan ah uma lahayn inuu dagaal galo. Koritaanka, wuxuu tixgeliyey aabbihiis iyo wadaadka qoyska, Norman Vincent Peale , inuu noqdo lataliyeyaashiisa. Aabihiis wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu yahay "boqor" iyo inuu yahay "dilaaye". Peale wuxuu ku wacdiyey isku kalsoonida sida dhiirigelinta barwaaqada. ==Xirfad ganacsi== ===Hanti ma guurto ah=== Laga bilaabo 1968, Trump waxa uu ka shaqaaleysiiyay Maareynta Trump, shirkadda aabbihiis ee hantida maguurtada ah, taas oo maamusha dhismayaasha dabaqyada dhexe ee Fred uu ka dhisay Queens , Staten Island , iyo Brooklyn . Hawlihiisa ugu muhiimsan waxay ahaayeen ururinta kirada iyo hagaajinta ilaa shan sano. Isagoo soo jiidasho leh iyo qaninimadiisa, Trump wuxuu ka codsaday aabihiis inuu ku ballaariyo Manhattan halkaas oo qiimihiisu sarreeyo, laakiin aabihiis ayaa ku qanacsanaa xaafadaha dibadda. 1971, wuxuu u guuray Manhattan halkaas oo uu qorsheeyay inuu u guuro ganacsiga wuxuuna u socdaalay xafiiska aabihiis. Sannadkaas, aabihiis wuxuu naftiisa ka dhigay guddoomiye iyo madaxweyne Trump, isaga oo kormeeraya 48 shirkadood oo gaar ah iyo 15 iskaashiga qoyska. Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ururka Trump u isticmaalo dalad ahaan magacyada shirkadaha ganacsi ee aabihiis. Roy Cohn , saamaynta hore ee Trump ee ugu muhiimsan aabihiis ka dib, wuxuu ahaa hagaajintiisa , qareenka, iyo lataliye. sannadihii 13 ee 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii. Cohn wuxuu baray Trump inuu u maleeyo in noloshu tahay macaamil ganacsi. 1973, Cohn wuxuu ka caawiyay Trump inuu ka soo horjeesto dawladda Mareykanka $ 100 milyan (oo u dhiganta $ 708 milyan 2024. eedeymaha ah in guryaha Trump ay takooreen codsadeyaasha madow iyo kireystayaasha. Eedihii Trump waa la laalay, waxaana kiiskii dawladda lagu dhameeyey Trumps oo saxeexay amar oggolaansho oo oggolaaday in meesha laga saaro. Afar sano ka dib, Trumps ayaa mar kale wajahay maxkamadaha markii lagu helay inay diidaan wareegtada. Caawinta mashaariicda Trump, Cohn wuxuu ahaa consigliere kaas oo isku xirka Mafia ay gacanta ku hayaan ururrada dhismaha. Sannadkii 1979-kii, Cohn wuxuu Trump u soo bandhigay la-taliyaha siyaasadda Roger Stone , kaasoo qoray adeegyada Stone si uu ula macaamilo dowladda federaalka. Trump waxa uu ka guuray istuudiyaha isaga oo u guuray guri guri leh oo aragti ah waxa uuna helay shatiga dilaalnimada guryaha bartamihii 1970-meeyadii. Kahor da'da soddon sano, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaankiisa dacwadda, iyada oo aan loo eegin natiijada iyo kharashka; xitaa markii laga badiyay, wuxuu kiiska ku tilmaamay guul. In ka badan soddon sano laga soo bilaabo 2018, Trump wuxuu ku lug lahaa in ka badan 4,000 oo dacwado ah, deymo, iyo faylalyo kale, oo inta badan loo xareeyay lacag la'aan isaga oo ka soo horjeeda shaqaalaha, qandaraaslayaasha, dilaaliinta guryaha, iyo qareenadiisa. Intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009 , Trump wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix ka mid ah ganacsigiisa: Plaza Hotel ee Manhattan, casinos ee Atlantic City, New Jersey , iyo Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts company. Sannadkii 1992, Trump, walaalihiis Maryanne, Elizabeth, iyo Robert, iyo ina-adeerkiis John W. Walter waxay samaysteen All County Building Supply & Maintenance Corp, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay 20 boqolkiiba. Shirkaddu ma lahayn xafiisyo waxaana lagu eedeeyay inay ahayd shirkad qolof ah oo bixisa bixinta adeegyada iyo saadka guryaha kiraynta Trump, ka dibna biilasha adeegyadaas iyo sahayda Maamulka Trump u dhigma 20-50 boqolkiiba iyo ka badan. Milkiilayaasha ayaa wadaagay dakhliga ka soo xarooday calaamaduhu. Kharashka la kordhiyey waxa loo isticmaalay in lagu helo ogolaanshaha gobolka ee kordhinta kirada unugyadiisa kirada-degan. Bishii Janaayo 1994, walaalaha waxay samaysteen Apartment Management Associates waxayna la wareegeen khidmadaha maaraynta ee ay hore u qaadi jirtay Maamulka Trump. Sidoo kale sicir-bararka kirada, qorshayaasha ayaa u adeegay in lagu wareejiyo hantida Fred Trump caruurtiisa iyo adeerka oo hoos loo dhigo culeyska canshuurta. ===Manhattan iyo Chicago horumarka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_with_model_of_Television_City.jpg|thumb|1985-kii oo wata moodal ka mid ah mashruuciisii ​​horumarinta Manhattan ee la soo riday ]] Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha dadweynaha 1978-dii markii uu bilaabay qoyskisa ganacsigii ugu horreeyay ee Manhattan: dib u cusboonaysiinta hudheelka Commodore ee burburay , oo ku dheggan Grand Central Terminal. Maalgelinta waxa fududeeyey $400 milyan oo cashuur dhimis ah oo hantida magaalada ah oo uu u habeeyey isaga oo uu aabbihiis u habeeyey kaas oo sidoo kale, si wada jir ah ula Hyatt , u dammaanad qaaday $70 milyan amaah dhismaha bangiga ah. Hudheelka ayaa dib loo furay 1980-kii isagoo ah Grand Hyatt Hotel , isla sanadkaas, wuxuu helay xuquuq uu ku horumarinayo Trump Tower , oo ah dhismo isku dhafan oo ku yaal Midtown Manhattan. Dhismuhu wuxuu ku yaalaa xarunta dhexe ee Trump Corporation iyo Trump's PAC wuxuuna ahaa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ilaa 2019. 1988, Trump wuxuu ku iibsaday Plaza Hotel isagoo dayn ka helay shirkado ay leeyihiin 16 bangi. Hudheelka ayaa loo gudbiyay ilaalinta musalsalka 1992, waxaana la ansixiyay qorshe dib-u-habayn bil ka dib, iyadoo bangiyada ay la wareegayaan hantida. Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu iska diiday in ka badan $3 bilyan oo deymo bangi ah, amaah-bixiyayaashuna waxay la wareegeen Hotel Plaza oo ay la socdaan badi hantidiisa kale "dib u habeyn ballaaran oo bahdilaad ah" taasoo u ogolaatay inuu ka fogaado khasaare shakhsi ah. Qareenka hogaanka bangiga ayaa sheegay go'aanka bangiyada in "dhammaan waxay isku raaceen in uu ka nolol fiicnaan lahaa dhimashada". Sannadkii 1996-kii, Trump waxa uu la wareegay oo dib u habayn ku sameeyay dhisme 71 dabaq ah oo inta badan bannaanaa oo ku yaalla 40 Wall Street , oo markii dambe loo beddelay Dhismaha Trump. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, wuxuu ku guuleystay xaqa uu u leeyahay inuu horumariyo dhul 70-acre (28 ha) ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Lincoln Square ee u dhow webiga Hudson. Isagoo ku dhibtoonaya deynta ganacsiyada kale ee 1994, wuxuu ka iibiyay inta badan danihiisa mashruuca maalgashadayaasha Aasiya, kuwaas oo maalgeliyay dhamaystirka mashruuca, Riverside South . Mashruucii ugu dambeeyay ee Trump ee dhismaha wuxuu ahaa 92-dabaq ee isku dhafan ee isticmaalka Trump International Hotel iyo Tower ee Chicago, kaas oo la furay 2008. 2024, The New York Times iyo ProPublica ayaa sheegay in Adeegga Dakhliga Gudaha uu baarayay haddii uu laba jeer qoray khasaaraha soo gaaray iyada oo loo marayo kharashka dhismaha iyo iibinta iibinta guryaha yar ee dib u celinta 8. ===casinos Atlantic magaalada=== [[File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg|thumb|Galitaanka Trump Taj Mahal ee Atlantic magaalada]] 1984, Trump wuxuu Harrah ka furay Trump Plaza , hudheel iyo casino, iyada oo maalgelin iyo caawimo maamul ay ka heshay Shirkadda Holiday . Waxay ahayd mid aan faa'iido lahayn, wuxuuna bixiyay Holiday $ 70 milyan bishii Maajo 1986 si uu keligiis u maamulo.  Sannadkii 1985-kii, waxa uu iibsaday hudheelka Atlantic City Hilton oo aan la furin oo uu u beddelay qalcadda Trump . Labada casinos waxay xareeyeen cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta 1992.  Trump wuxuu iibsaday goobta saddexaad ee Atlantic City 1988, Trump Taj Mahal . Waxaa lagu maalgeliyay $675 milyan oo doollar oo junk bonds ah waxaana lagu dhammeeyey $1.1 bilyan, oo la furay Abriil 1990. Waxa uu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta ee 1991. Sida ku cad qodobbada heshiiska dib-u-qaabaynta, waxa uu ka tanaasulay kala badh saamigiisii ​​hore oo shakhsi ahaan dammaanad qaaday waxqabadka mustaqbalka. Si uu u dhimo $900 milyan ee daynta gaarka ah, waxa uu iibiyay diyaaradda Trump Shuttle ; megayacht, Princess Trump , kaas oo laga kireeyay casinoskiisa oo lagu hayo; iyo ganacsiyo kale.  Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), kaas oo qaatay lahaanshaha Trump Plaza.  THCR waxa ay iibsatay Taj Mahal iyo Qasriga Trump 1996 waxana uu kacay 2004 iyo 2009, isaga oo ka tagay lahaanshaha boqolkiiba 10. Waxa uu ahaa guddoomiyaha ilaa 2009. ===Naadiyada Golf-ka=== Sanadkii 1985, Trump wuxuu la wareegay dhismaha Mar-a-Lago ee Palm Beach, Florida. Sannadkii 1995-kii, wuxuu u beddelay hantidii koox gaar ah oo leh lacag bilaw ah iyo kharashyo sannadle ah. Wuxuu sii waday inuu u isticmaalo baalka guriga sidii guri gaar ah. Waxa uu ku dhawaaqay naadigiisa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ee 2019. Waxa uu bilaabay dhisidda iyo iibsiga koorsooyinka golf- ka 1999-kii, isaga oo haysta 17 koorso golf ah 2016. ===Shati siinta magaca Trump=== Ururka Trump wuxuu inta badan shati u siiyay magaca Trump ee badeecadaha iyo adeegyada macaamiisha, oo ay ku jiraan cuntooyinka, dharka, koorasyada waxbarashada, iyo alaabta guriga. In ka badan 50 heshiisyada shatiga ama maamulka ayaa ku lug lahaa magaca Trump, isaga oo u soo saaray ugu yaraan $59 milyan shirkadihiisa. Sannadkii 2018, kaliya laba shirkadood oo alaabta macaamiisha ah ayaa sii waday inay sii wataan shatiga magaciisa. Intii lagu jiray 2000-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu magaciisa shati u siiyay horumarinta guryaha la dego ee adduunka oo dhan, 40 kuwaas oo aan waligood la dhisin. ===Dhaqdhaqaaqyada dhinaca=== [[File:Donald_Trump_and_Doug_Flutie_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Trump_Tower.jpg|thumb|1985 New Jersey Generals shir jaraa'id ee Trump Tower]] Sannadkii 1970-kii, Trump waxa uu galiyay $70,000 oo hantida aabbihiis ah si uu u helo biilasha isaga oo ka mid ah soo saaraha majaajilada Broadway-waxana uu lumiyay lacagtii. Ka dib markii uu u sameeyay dalabyo kubbadda hoose ee New York Mets iyo kooxihii Cleveland Indians baseball, 1983 ilaa $6 milyan, wuxuu iibsaday New Jersey Generals , koox ka tirsan Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Mareykanka . Horyaalka ayaa isku laabmay ka dib xilli ciyaareedkii 1985, oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku daygiisa inuu u guuro jadwalka dayrta (marka ay la tartami lahayd Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Qaranka ee dhagaystayaasha) iyo isku daygiisii ​​ahaa inuu ku qasbo ku biirista NFL isagoo keenaya suudh liddi ku ah. Trump iyo Hotelkiisa Plaza waxa ay marti galiyeen dhowr ciyaarood oo feerka ah hoolka shirarka ee Atlantic City Convention Hall . 1989 iyo 1990, wuxuu magaciisa ku siiyay tartanka tartanka baaskiilka ee Tour de Trump , isku dayga uu ku abuurayo Maraykan u dhigma jinsiyadaha Yurub sida Tour de France ama Giro d'Italia . Laga soo bilaabo 1986 ilaa 1988, wuxuu iibsaday qaybo badan oo saamiyo ah shirkado kala duwan oo dawladeed isagoo soo jeediyay inuu damacsan yahay inuu la wareego shirkadda kadibna uu iibiyo saamigiisa faa'iido, taasoo keentay in dadka indha indheeya ay u maleynayaan inuu ku hawlan yahay ganacsiga cagaaran .waqtiga New York waxay ogaatay in uu markii hore malaayiin doolar ku sameeyay macaamil ganacsi oo noocaas ah, laakiin "luminaya inta badan, haddii aysan ahayn dhammaan, faa'iidooyinkaas ka dib markii maalgashadayaasha ay joojiyeen in ay si dhab ah u qaataan hadalkiisa". [[File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG|thumb|Xiddiga Trump ee Socodka caanka ah ee Hollywood]] 1988, Trump waxa uu iibsaday Shuttle-ka Diyaaradaha ee Bari , isaga oo ku maal-geliyay iibsiga $380 milyan (oo u dhiganta $1.01 bilyan ee 2024 oo amaah ah oo ka socota bangiyada 22. Waxa uu u beddelay shirkadda duulimaadka ee Trump Shuttle waxana uu ku shaqaynayey ilaa 1992. Waxa uu diiday deymihiisii ​​1991-kii, lahaanshahana waxa uu u gudbay bangiyada. 1996-kii, wuxuu soo iibsaday Miss Universe pageants, oo ay ku jiraan Miss USA iyo Miss Teen USA . Sababtoo ah khilaafyada CBS ee ku saabsan jadwalka, wuxuu u qaaday labada bog ee NBC ee 2002. 2007, wuxuu helay xiddig ku socda Hollywood Walk of Fame shaqadiisa soo saaraha Miss Universe. NBC iyo Univision waxay hoos u dhigeen boggaga bishii Juun 2015 iyaga oo ka falcelinaya faallooyinkiisa ku saabsan soogalootiga Mexico. Sannadkii 2005, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Jaamacadda Trump , oo ah shirkad iibisa siminaarada guryaha ilaa $35,000. Ka dib markii maamulka Gobolka New York ay ku wargaliyeen shirkadda in isticmaalkeeda "jaamacad" ay jabisay sharciga gobolka (maadaama aysan ahayn machad akadeemiyadeed), magaceeda waxaa loo beddelay Trump Entrepreneur Initiative 2010. Sannadkii 2013, Gobolka New York wuxuu gudbiyay $ 40 milyan dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Jaamacadda Trump, isagoo ku eedeeyay in shirkadu ay samaysay hadallo been abuur ah oo ay khiyaanaysay macaamiisha. Intaa waxaa dheer, laba tallaabo oo heer caalami ah ayaa laga gudbiyay maxkamad federaali ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyo shirkadihiisa. Dukumiintiyo gudaha ah ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in shaqaalaha lagu amray inay adeegsadaan qaab si adag loo iibiyo, waxaana shaqaalihii hore ay caddeeyeen in jaamacadda Trump ay khiyaameysay ama been u sheegtay ardaydeeda. Wax yar ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016, wuxuu ogolaaday inuu bixiyo wadarta $ 25 milyan si loo xalliyo saddexda kiis. ===Aasaaska=== Donald J. Trump Foundation wuxuu ahaa aasaaska gaarka ah ee la aasaasay 1988. Laga soo bilaabo 1987 ilaa 2006, Trump wuxuu siiyay aasaaskiisa $ 5.4 milyan, taas oo ku baxday dhammaadkii 2006 . Vince McMahon . Aasaaska ayaa la siiyay samafalka caafimaadka- iyo isboortiga la xiriira, kooxaha muxaafidka ah, iyo samafal oo qabtay munaasabadaha guryaha Trump. Sannadkii 2016, The Washington Post ayaa sheegtay in hay'ad samafal ahi ay geysatay dhowr xadgudubyo xagga sharciga iyo anshaxa ah, oo ay ku jiraan is-wax-ka-qabasho iyo canshuur lunsi . Sidoo kale 2016, xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York ayaa sheegay in aasaaska uu ku xad-gudbay sharciga gobolka iyadoo la codsanayo deeqaha iyada oo aan la soo gudbin xisaab-celinta dibadda ee sannadlaha ah ee loo baahan yahay oo uu ku amray inay joojiso hawlaheeda lacag-ururinta ee New York isla markiiba. Kooxda Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay December 2016 in aasaaska la burburin doono. Bishii Juun 2018, xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York wuxuu gudbiyay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah aasaaska, Trump, iyo caruurtiisa qaangaarka, iyagoo raadinaya $2.8 milyan oo magdhow ah iyo ganaaxyo dheeraad ah. Bishii Diseembar 2018, aasaaska shaqada wuu joojiyay oo wuxuu u qaybiyay hantidiisa hay'ado kale oo samafal ah. ]Bishii Noofambar 2019, garsooraha gobolka New York ayaa ku amray Trump inuu bixiyo $2 milyan oo doolar koox samafal ah oo si khaldan u isticmaalay lacagaha mu'asasada, qayb ahaan si loo maalgeliyo ololihiisa madaxtinimo. ===Arrimaha sharciga iyo kacsiga=== Marka loo eego dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyay faylalka maxkamadda gobolka iyo federaalka oo ay samaysay USA Today sanadkii 2018, Trump iyo ganacsigiisu waxay ku lug lahaayeen in ka badan 4,000 oo tallaabo sharci oo heer gobol iyo federaal ah. Inkastoo uusan u xarayn kicinta shakhsi ahaaneed , ganacsigiisa hudheelka iyo casinos ee Atlantic City iyo New York wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix jeer intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009. Waxay sii wadeen inay shaqeeyaan halka bangiyada ay dib u habeyn ku sameeyeen deynta waxayna yareeyeen saamiyadiisa guryaha. Intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii, in ka badan 70 bangi ayaa Trump amaahiyay $4 bilyan. Ka dib markii uu kacday shirkaddiisa horraantii 1990-meeyadii, bangiyada ugu waaweyn, marka laga reebo Deutsche Bank , waxay diideen inay amaahiyaan isaga. Ka dib weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol , bangigu wuxuu go'aansaday inuusan ganacsi la samayn isaga ama shirkadiisa xiriirka la leh mustaqbalka. ===Maalka=== [[File:State Visit of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia State Dinner Receiving Line with Ivana Trump and Donald Trump in East Room - DPLA - 1a44d05819eab8ba3dcf7a6883ad92ba.jpg|thumb|Trump (midigta midig) iyo xaaskiisa Ivana oo 1985-kii casho sharaf dawladeed u sameeyey [[Boqor]] Fahad ee [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo ay la yeesheen Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan iyo Marwada Koowaad ee Nancy Reagan]] Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu shaqadiisa ku bilaabay “amaah yar oo hal milyan oo dollar ah” oo uu aabihii ka helay oo ay ahayd in uu dib ugu bixiyo ribo. Waxa uu ka amaahday ugu yaraan $60 milyan aabbihii, inta badan ma bixin deymihii, oo waxa uu ka helay $413 milyan oo kale (2018 u dhiganta, oo loo habeeyey sicir bararka) shirkadda aabihiis.  Isaga oo iska dhigaya sarkaal ka tirsan Ururka Trump oo lagu magacaabo " John Barron ", Trump wuxuu wacay saxafiga Jonathan Greenberg [[1984]], isagoo isku dayaya inuu darajo sare ka helo liiska Forbes 400 ee hodanka Mareykanka. Trump wuxuu iskiis u sheegay qiimihiisa saafiga ah: laga jaray $900 milyan 1990  ilaa $10 bilyan 2015. Sannadkii 2015, Forbes wuxuu ku qiyaasay hantidiisa $4.5 bilyan, iyadoo lagu salaynayo waraysiyo lala yeeshay in ka badan 80 ilo. Sannadkii 2025, majaladda ayaa ku qiyaastay hantidiisa $5.1 bilyan waxayna ku qiimeysay qofka 700-aad ee ugu qanisan adduunka. ==Xirfadda warbaahinta== Trump waxa uu daabacay 19 buug oo magaciisa ku qoran, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay qoreen ama ay qoreen kuwa wax qora . Buugiisi ugu horeeyay, The Art of the Deal (1987), waxa uu ahaa New York Times iibiyaha ugu fiican , waxaana lagu tiriyaa New Yorker in uu Trump ka dhigay mid caan ku ah "astaanta maalqabeenada guulaystay". Buugga waxaa qoray Tony Schwartz , kaas oo loo aqoonsan yahay qoraaga. Trump wuxuu lahaa muuqaalo filimaan badan iyo bandhigyo telefishan laga soo bilaabo 1985 ilaa 2001 . Wuxuu si goos-goos ah ugu soo muuqday shirkadda legdinta ee WWE laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii oo ay ku jiraan WrestleMania 23 ee 2007. Laga bilaabo 1990-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu u muuqday 24 jeer isagoo marti ku ah bandhigga Howard Stern Show ee qaranka . Waxa uu lahaa barnaamij sheeko gaaban oo raadiyaha ah, Trumped! , laga bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2008. Laga soo bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2015, wuxuu ahaa faallooyinka martida ee Fox & Friends . Sannadkii 2021, Trump, oo xubin ka ahaa tan iyo 1989, wuu iska casilay SAG-AFTRA si uu uga fogaado dhageysiga edbinta ee ku saabsan weerarkii Janaayo 6. Laba maalmood ka dib, ururka shaqaalaha ayaa si joogto ah u diiday isaga. ===Tababbarka iyo Xirfadlaha caanka ah=== Soo saaraha Mark Burnett ayaa Trump ka dhigay xiddig telefishan ah markii uu abuuray The Apprentice , kaas oo Trump uu martigeliyay 2004 ilaa 2015 (oo ay ku jiraan kala duwanaanshaha The Celebrity Apprentice ). Bandhigyada, waxa uu ahaa madaxa fulinta sare oo meesha ka saaray tartamayaasha odhaahda " waad cayrisay". The New York Times ayaa ugu yeedhay sawirkiisa "mid aad u faanaysi badan, oo aad u khayaali ah" naftiisa. Bandhigyadu waxay dib u dhigeen sawirka Trump malaayiin daawadayaal ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. Heshiisyada shatiga ee la xidhiidha, waxay kasbadeen in ka badan $400 milyan. ==Himilooyinka siyaasadeed ee hore== Trump wuxuu ka diiwaan gashan yahay Jamhuuriya ahaan Queens 1969 iyo Manhattan 1987; xubin ka mid ah Xisbiga Madaxbanaanida , gobolka New York ee xisbiga Reform Party , 1999; Dimuqraadiyiintii 2001 ; Jamhuuriyaddii 2009; aan xiriir la lahayn 2011; iyo Jamhuuriya 2012 [[File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor.jpg|thumb|Isagoo ka hadlaya CPAC , [[Febraayo]] 2011]] 1987, Trump wuxuu xayeysiisyo bog buuxa ah ku dhejiyay wargeysyada waaweyn oo muujinaya aragtidiisa ku aaddan siyaasadda dibadda iyo sida loo tirtiro hoos u dhaca miisaaniyadda federaalka. Sannadkii 1988-kii, waxa uu la xidhiidhay Lee Atwater , isaga oo waydiisanaya in la tixgeliyo in uu yahay musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga ee George HW Bush . Bush wuxuu codsigaas u helay "mid qariib ah oo aan la rumaysan karin". Trump waxa uu ahaa musharrax 2000 ee xisbiga Reform Party ee horudhaca madaxtinnimada saddex bilood ka hor inta uusan ka tanaasulin Febraayo 2000 . Waxa uu ka hadlay shirkii waxqabadka siyaasadda ee muxaafidka bishii Febraayo, wuxuuna khudbado ka jeediyay gobollada horudhaca ah ee horudhaca ah. Bishii Maajo 2011, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuusan tartami doonin ==2016 doorashada madaxweynaha== Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay inuu u sharaxan yahay doorashada 2016 June 2015. Waxa uu u ololeeyay sidii maalqabeen, ganacsade guul leh iyo shisheeye aan khibrad siyaasadeed lahayn, wuxuuna ku andacoodey in warbaahintu u xaglinayso isaga. Hadaladiisa ol'olaha badanaa waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan caddayn oo soo jeedin ah, iyo lambarka rikoodhku waa been. Waxa uu noqday murashaxa ugu horreeya ee Jamhuuriga bishii March 2016 waxaana lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay musharaxa Jamhuuriga ee la malaynayo bishii May [[File:Donald_Trump_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg|thumb|Ololaha Arizona, Maarso 2016]] Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay NATO mid "dhacday" iyo aragtiyo la isku halleyn karo oo lagu tilmaamay Washington Post inay yihiin kuwo aan dhexdhexaad ahayn iyo ilaalin . Ololihiisa ololaha wuxuu xooga saaray dib u gorgortanka xiriirka US-China iyo heshiisyada ganacsiga xorta ah sida NAFTA iyo si adag u dhaqan gelinta sharciyada socdaalka. Jagooyinka kale ee ololaha waxaa ka mid ah raadinta madaxbannaanida tamarta iyada oo ka soo horjeeda xeerarka isbeddelka cimilada, casriyeynta adeegyada loogu talagalay halyeeyada , baabi'inta iyo beddelka sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo , baabi'inta heerarka waxbarashada aasaasiga ah , maalgelinta kaabayaasha , fududaynta koodhka canshuurta iyada oo la dhimayo canshuuraha, iyo ku soo rogida canshuuraha soo dejinta ee shirkadaha ka shaqeeya xeebaha. Waxa uu ku taliyey in la kordhiyo kharashaadka milatariga iyo in si xad dhaaf ah loo baadho ama laga mamnuuco soogalootiga dalalka Muslimka u badan. Waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu darbi ka dhisayo xudduudda Mexico iyo Maraykanka, waxa uuna wacad ku maray in Mexico ay bixin doonto kharashka. Wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu masaafurin doono malaayiin muhaajiriin sharci darro ah oo ku nool Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaleeceeyay dhalashada dhalashada inuu dhiirigelinayo " carruurta barroosinka ah ". Sida laga soo xigtay falanqaynta Sayniska Siyaasadda ee Quarterly , Trump wuxuu sameeyay "ras-raac cad oo cunsurinimo iyo jinsiyeed ah si uu uga guuleysto codbixiyayaasha cadaanka ah" intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxtinimada ee 2016. Gaar ahaan, khudbadiisii ​​ololaha ololaha ayaa soo jiidatay dhaleeceyn ku aaddan sheegashada muhaajiriinta reer Mexico "waxay keeneen daroogo, waxay keeneen dambi, waa kufsi"; oo ka jawaabaya, NBC waxay ka eriday Xirfadlaha caanka ah . Warbixinada Trump ee FEC ee looga baahan yahay ayaa ku taxay hantida ka sareysa $1.4 bilyan iyo deymaha taagan ee ugu yaraan $315 milyan. Ma uusan sii deyn canshuur celintiisa , taasoo lid ku ah dhaqanka musharax kasta oo weyn tan iyo 1976 iyo ballanqaadkiisii ​​2014 iyo 2015 inuu sidaas sameyn doono haddii uu u tartamo jagada. ( 166 ) Wuxuu sheegay in canshuur celintiisa la baarayo , qareennadiisuna ay kula taliyeen inuusan sii deyn. Kadib dagaal dheer oo maxkamadeed oo lagu joojinayo sii deynta canshuur celintiisa iyo diiwaanada kale ee qareenka degmada Manhattan si loogu sameeyo dambi baaris, oo ay ku jiraan laba racfaan oo uu Trump u gudbiyay Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka , Febraayo 2021 maxkamadda sare waxay ogolaatay in diiwaannada loo sii daayo dacwad oogaha si ay u eegaan xeerbeegti weyn. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, qaybo ka mid ah dacwadaha gobolka Trump ee 1995 ayaa loo siidaayay wariye ka socda New York Times . Waxay muujinayaan inuu ku dhawaaqay inuu khasaaray $ 916 milyan sanadkaas, taas oo u ogolaan karta inuu ka fogaado canshuuraha ilaa 18 sano. Trump ayaa ku guuleystay 306 cod oo la ballanqaaday halka 232 ay heshay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary Clinton . Ka dib markii doorashadi labada dhinac ay ka baxeen , tirinta rasmiga ah waxay ahayd 304 ilaa 227 . Waxa uu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan ka mid ahayn ciidamada, mana qaban wax xafiis dawladeed ka hor inta uusan noqon madaxweynaha. Doorashadiisu waxay calaamad u ahayd soo noqoshada dawlad Jamhuuriya oo aan qaybsanayn . Guusha Trump waxay dhalisay mudaaharaadyo ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Maraykanka ==Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay (2017-2021)== [[File:Donald_Trump_swearing_in_ceremony.jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , oo uu maamulayo madaxa cadaalada John G. Roberts Jr. , Janaayo 20, 2017]] [[File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg|thumb|Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2017]] ===Ficilada hore=== Trump ayaa la caleemasaaray Janaayo 20, 2017. Maalin ka dib markii la caleemasaaray, qiyaastii 2.6 milyan oo qof oo adduunka ah, oo ay ku jiraan 500,000 oo ku nool Washington, DC, ayaa mudaaharaad ka dhan ah isaga oo ka qeyb qaatay socodkii haweenka . Intii lagu guda jiray usbuucii ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump wuxuu saxiixay lix amar fulineed , oo ay ku jiraan oggolaanshaha habraacyada baabi'inta sharciga ilaalinta bukaanka iyo daryeelka la awoodi karo ("Obamacare"), ka noqoshada wada-xaajoodka iskaashiga Trans-Pacific, horumarinta mashaariicda Keystone XL iyo Dakota Access Pipeline , iyo qorsheynta darbiga xadka Maraykanka ee Mexico. ===Isku dhacyada xiisaha=== Ka hor inta aan la caleema-saarin, Trump wuxuu ganacsigiisa u raray kalsooni la burin karo , halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa kalsooni indho la'aan ama habayn u dhigma "si uu naftiisa uga gooyo danihiisa ganacsi". Wuxuu sii waday inuu ka faa'iidaysto ganacsigiisa wuxuuna ogaa sida siyaasadda maamulkiisu u saamaysay. Inkasta oo uu sheegay in uu ka fogaan doono "heshiisyada cusub ee ajnabiga ah", Ururka Trump wuxuu dabagalay ballaarinta hawlgalka ee Scotland, Dubai, iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dominican. ​​Lobbyists, saraakiisha dawladda shisheeye, deeq-bixiyeyaasha Trump iyo xulafadooda ayaa boqolaal milyan oo doolar u soo ururiyay goobihiisa dalxiiska iyo hoteellada. Trump ayaa lagu dacweeyay inuu ku xad-gudbay Qodobbada Emoluments Gudaha iyo Dibadda ee Dastuurka Mareykanka , markii ugu horreysay ee qodobbada si cad loo dacweeyay. Hal kiis ayaa lagu diiday maxkamadda hoose. Labo ayaa Maxkamadda Sare ay shaqada ka cayrisay ka dib markii uu xilka qabtay. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu ugu deeqayo mushaharkiisa madaxtinnimo iyo faa'iidada uu ka helo dammaanadda shisheeye ee dawladda Maraykanka. Waxa uu ugu deeqay mushaharkiisa hay'adaha federaalka waxana uu dacaayadeeyay deeq kasta ilaa Juulay 2020. Wakaaladaha federaaliga ah ee ay sahamisay The Washington Post bishii Luulyo 2021 waxa ay sheegeen in aanay wax hadiyad ah helin wixii ka dambeeyay bishaas. Muwaadiniinta Mas'uuliyadda iyo Anshaxa ee Washington ayaa sheegay 2024 inuu ku deeqay $448,000 oo lagu qiyaasay $13.6 milyan oo lacag ah oo uu ka helay dawlado shisheeye muddadiisii ​​ugu horreysay. ===Siyaasadda gudaha=== Trump wuxuu xafiiska la wareegay meesha ugu sarreysa ballaarinta dhaqaale ee ugu dheer taariikhda Mareykanka, kaasoo bilaabmay 2009 oo socday ilaa Febraayo 2020, markii hoos u dhaca COVID-19 uu bilaabmay. Bishii Disembar 2017, wuxuu saxiixay Sharciga dhimista Canshuuraha iyo Shaqada ee 2017 . Waxay hoos u dhigtay qiimaha cashuuraha ee ganacsiyada iyo shakhsiyaadka waxayna meesha ka saartay ciqaabtii la xidhiidhay sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo . Maamulka Trump ayaa ku andacoonaya in ficilku aanu hoos u dhigi doonin dakhliga dawladda, laakiin dakhliga 2018 ayaa 7.6 boqolkiiba ka hooseeya saadaasha. Marka loo eego Trump, hoos u dhaca miisaaniyada federaalku wuxuu kordhay ku dhawaad ​​50 boqolkiiba, ilaa ku dhawaad ​​$ 1 trillion 2019. Dhammaadkii muddadiisa, deynta qaranka Mareykanka waxay kordheen 39 boqolkiiba, taasoo gaartay $ 27.75 trillion, iyo saamiga US-deficit-to-GDP ayaa ku dhuftey mid sare oo ka mid ah Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Trump waxa kale oo uu ku guuldarraystay in uu ka dhabeeyo ballan-qaadkiisii ​​ololaha ee ahaa $1 trillion oo qorshe kharash-bixineed oo kaabayaasha ah. Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee casriga ah ee Maraykanka ee xilka ka taga isaga oo ka shaqaale yar marka loo eego markii uu xilka qabtay, saddex milyan oo qof. Wuxuu diiday fikradda sayniska ee isbeddelka cimilada . Wuxuu hoos u dhigay miisaaniyada cilmi baarista tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo 40 boqolkiiba wuxuuna bedelay siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee lagu hagayay isbedelka cimilada. Wuxuu ka baxay heshiiskii Paris , taasoo ka dhigtay Mareykanka dalka kaliya ee aan ansixin. Wuxuu ujeedkiisu ahaa in kor loo qaado wax soo saarka iyo dhoofinta shidaalka fosil . Gaaska dabiiciga ah ayaa balaariyay Trump, laakiin dhuxusha ayaa sii waday hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu dib u soo celiyay in ka badan 100 xeerarka deegaanka ee federaalka, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa xakameyey qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo , wasakhowga hawada iyo biyaha, iyo isticmaalka walxaha sunta ah. Wuxuu wiiqay ilaalinta xoolaha iyo heerarka deegaanka ee mashaariicda kaabayaasha federaalka, wuxuuna balaariyay meelaha la oggol yahay ee qodista iyo soo saarista kheyraadka, sida oggolaanshaha qodista Qaxootiga Arctic . Trump wuxuu burburiyay xeerarkii federaalka ee caafimaadka, shaqada, deegaanka, iyo meelo kale, oo ay ku jiraan sharci baabi'iyay xeerkii xilligii Obama ee xaddidayay iibinta hubka dadka maskaxda ka xanuunsan. Inta lagu jiro lixdii toddobaad ee ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, wuxuu dib u dhigay, hakiyay, ama beddelay sagaashan xeer federaal ah, inta badan "kadib codsiyo ka yimid warshadaha nidaamsan". Machadka Daacadnimada Siyaasadda wuxuu ogaaday in 78 boqolkiiba soo jeedintiisa ay xannibeen maxkamadaha ama aysan ka adkaan dacwadda. Intii lagu guda jiray ololihiisa, Trump wuxuu wacad ku maray inuu baabi'in doono oo uu bedeli doono Sharciga Daryeelka La awoodi karo . Xafiiska, waxa uu hoos u dhigay fulinta sharciga iyada oo loo marayo amarada fulinta. Wuxuu muujiyay rabitaan ah inuu "u oggolaado Obamacare inuu guuldareysto"; maamulkiisu waxa uu kala badh ka dhimay xilliga is-diiwaangelinta waxana uu si weyn u dhimay dhaqaalihii loogu talo galay dhiirrigelinta diiwaangelinta. Bishii Juun 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu ku biiray 18 dawladood oo Jamhuurigu hoggaamiyo oo ku doodaya ka hor Maxkamadda Sare in baabi'inta ganaaxyada maaliyadeed ee la xidhiidha waajibaadka shakhsi ahaaneed ay ka dhigtay sharciga mid dastuuri ah. Codsigoodu wuxuu baabi'in lahaa caymiska caafimaadka ilaa 23 milyan oo Maraykan ah, laakiin kuma guulaysan. Intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016, Trump wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu ilaalin doono maalgelinta Medicare iyo barnaamijyada kale ee badbaadada bulshada. Janaayo 2020, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaanka inuu tixgeliyo dhimista iyaga. Isagoo ka jawaabaya cudurka faafa ee opioid , Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharci sanadka 2018 si loo kordhiyo maalgelinta daawaynta daroogada, laakiin waxaa si weyn loogu dhaleeceeyay inuu ku guuldareystay inuu sameeyo istiraatiijiyad la taaban karo. Wuxuu ka mamnuucay hay'adaha bixiya ilmo iska soo rididda ama u gudbinta ilmo soo rididda inay helaan lacagaha federaalka. Waxa uu sheegay in uu taageeray "guurka dhaqameed", laakiin wuxuu tixgeliyey sharcinimada waddanka oo dhan ee guurka isku jinsiga ah "la degay". Maamulkiisu waxa uu dib u rogay qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah ilaalinta goobta shaqada ee maamulka Obama ee ka dhanka ah takoorka dadka LGBTQ .Isku daygiisii ​​isku daygiisii ​​ee ilaalinta takoorka ee bukaannada transgender- ka bishii Agoosto 2020 waxaa joojiyay garsoore federaal ah ka dib markii ay xukuntay Maxkamadda Sare ay kordhisay ilaalinta xuquuqda madaniga ah ee shaqaalaha aqoonsiga jinsiga iyo jihada galmada. Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu ka soo horjeedo xakamaynta hubka , in kasta oo ay aragtidiisu is beddeshay muddo ka dib. Maamulkiisu waxa uu qaatay mawqif ka dhan ah marijuana , isaga oo burinaya siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee ilaalin jiray dawladaha sharciyeeyay marijuana. Waa u doode muddo dheer ah ee ciqaabta dilka ah, iyo maamulkiisu wuxuu kormeeray dawladda federaalka ah ee fulinta 13 maxbuus, in ka badan 56 sano ee hore marka la isku daro, oo soo afjaraya 17 sano oo joojin ah. Sannadkii 2016, wuxuu sheegay inuu taageersan yahay isticmaalka hababka jirdilka su'aalaha "jahannamo aad uga xun kan biyaha-qaadista . ===Xiriirka jinsiyadeed=== Faallooyinka Trump ee 2017 Mideynta Dibad-baxa Xaqa ah , oo cambaareeyay "bandhiggan foosha xun ee nacaybka, nacaybka iyo rabshadaha dhinacyo badan" oo sheegaya in ay jiraan "dad aad u fiican oo labada dhinac ah", ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay inay muujinayaan u dhigma akhlaaqda u dhexeeya dibad-baxayaasha sare-sare ee cadaanka ah iyo mudaaharaadayaasha. Bishii Janaayo 2018 dood ku saabsan sharciga socdaalka, waxaa la sheegay inuu u tixraacay El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, iyo wadamada Afrika sida "wadamada shithole". Hadaladiisa waxaa lagu cambaareeyay cunsurinimo. [[File:President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(49964153176).jpg|Iyadoo koox saraakiil iyo la-taliyeyaal ah ay ka soo lugeeyeen Aqalka Cad kuna sii jeeday Kaniisadda St.]] Bishii Luulyo 2019, Trump ayaa bartiisa twitterka ku soo qoray in afar haween ah oo ka tirsan Kongareeska Dimuqraadiga—dhammaan dadka laga tirada badan yahay, oo seddex ka mid ah ay u dhasheen Mareykanka - ay tahay inay " ku laabtaan " dalalkii ay "ka yimaadeen".Laba maalmood ka dib Golaha Wakiiladu waxay u codeeyeen 240-187, inta badan iyagoo raacaya xisbiyada, si ay u cambaareeyaan "faallooyinka cunsuriyadda". Daabacaada wadani ee cadaanka ah iyo warbaahinta bulshada ayaa amaanay hadaladiisa, kuwaas oo sii socday maalmaha soo socda. Waxa uu sii waday hadallo la mid ah intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2020. Bishii Juun 2020, intii lagu jiray mudaaharaadyadii George Floyd , saraakiisha fulinta sharciga federaalku waxay isticmaaleen sunta dadka ka ilmeysiisa iyo tabaha kale ee dadka si ay uga saaraan dad badan oo nabdoon oo mudaaharaadayaal sharci ah fagaaraha Lafayette , bannaanka Aqalka Cad . Trump ayaa markaa la soo baxay Kitaabka Quduuska ah si uu sawir uga qaado Kaniisadda Episcopal St. Hogaamiyeyaal ciidan oo badan oo shaqada ka fadhiistay iyo saraakiisha difaaca ayaa cambaareeyay soo jeedintiisa ah in uu isticmaalo millatariga Maraykanka mudaharaadayaasha ka soo horjeeda bilayska. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee uu Trump xilka hayay, waxa uu oggolaaday 237 codsi oo naxariis ah, taas oo ka yar dhammaan madaxweynayaashii tan iyo 1900-kii marka laga reebo George HW Bush iyo George W. Bush . Keliya 25 iyaga ka mid ah ayaa waxaa shaandheeyay Xafiiska Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Xafiiska Qareenka Cafiska ; kuwa kale waxaa la siiyay dadka xiriirka shakhsi ahaaneed ama siyaasadeed ee isaga, qoyskiisa, iyo xulafadiisa, ama ay ku taliyaan dadka caanka ah. Maalintii ugu dambaysay ee uu xafiiska joogay, waxa uu ogolaaday 73 cafis waxana uu ka khafiifiyay 70 xukun. Dhawr xulafada Trump ah uma qalmin cafis marka loo eego xeerarka Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo xaalado kale waaxdu waxay ka soo horjeedsatay naxariista. Cafiskii saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan ciidanka milatariga oo lagu helay ama lagu soo oogay dambiyo rabshado wata ayaa waxaa ka soo horjeestay hogaamiyayaasha ciidamada. ===Socdaalka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg|thumb|Baarista tusaalaha darbiga xadka ee Otay Mesa, California]] Madaxweyne ahaan, Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay socdaalka sharci darrada ah inuu yahay "duulaanka" Maraykanka oo uu si weyn u kordhiyay fulinta socdaalka. Wuxuu hirgeliyay siyaasado adag oo ka dhan ah magangalyo-doonka wuxuuna u daabulay ku dhawaad ​​6,000 oo askari xadka US-Mexico si ay u joojiyaan isgoysyada sharci darrada ah. Waxa uu hoos u dhigay tirada qaxootiga loo ogolaaday in ay diiwaan gashadaan, laga bilaabo xadka sanadlaha ah ee 110,000 ka hor inta uusan xafiiska la wareegin 15,000 ee 2021 . Mid ka mid ah ballamihiisii ​​ololaha dhexe waxa ay ahayd in uu derbi ka dhisayo xudduudda US-Mexico ; intii lagu jiray xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Maraykanku wuxuu dhisay 73 mayl (117 km) oo derbi ah meelaha aan lahayn caqabadaha iyo 365 mayl (587 km) si uu u beddelo caqabadaha hore. 2018, diidmada Trump ee ah in uu saxeexo kharash kasta oo kharash ah ilaa ay u qoondaysay maalgelinta darbiga xuduudka waxay keentay xidhidhkii ugu dheeraa abid ee dawladda dhexe , muddo 35 maalmood ah laga bilaabo Disembar 2018 ilaa Janaayo 2019. Si looga fogaado xidhitaan kale, Koongarasku waxa uu soo saaray biil dhaqaale oo dhan $1.4 bilyan oo loogu talagalay dayrarka xuduudaha bishii Febraayo. Trump ayaa markii dambe ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo heer qaran ah oo ku taal xudduudda koonfureed si uu u leexiyo $ 6.1 bilyan oo maalgelin ah derbiga xudduudaha inkastoo congress-ka is khilaafeen. Bishii Janaayo 2017, Trump wuxuu saxiixay amar fulin oo u diidaya inay soo galaan muwaadiniinta lix waddan oo Muslimiin u badan afar bilood iyo inay ka yimaadaan Suuriya si aan xad lahayn. Amarka ayaa sababay mudaaharaadyo badan iyo caqabado sharci taasoo keentay amarro dalka oo dhan ah . Amarka dib loo eegay oo bixiya qaar ka reeban ayaa sidoo kale xannibay maxkamadaha, laakiin Maxkamadda Sare waxay xukuntay bishii Juun in mamnuucida la fulin karo kuwa ka maqan " xidhiidh daacad ah oo lala yeesho qof ama hay'ad" gudaha Maraykanka saraakiil, laakiin waxay ka saareen Ciraaq iyo Suudaan. Maxkamadda Sare waxay ogolaatay in noocaas uu dhaqan galo Diseembar 2017, oo ugu dambeyntii taageertay xayiraadda 2019. Laga soo bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu lahaa siyaasad kala qaybsanaan qoys oo kala saaray in ka badan 4,400 carruurta soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee waalidkood, 2 ee Maraykanka . Siyaasad aan hore loo arag. ayaa dalka ka dhalisay cadho dadweyne. Inkasta oo Trump uu markii hore eedaynayay Dimuqraadiyiinta oo uu ku adkaystay inuusan joojin karin siyaasadda amarka fulinta, wuxuu aqbalay cadaadiska dadweynaha bishii Juun 2018 wuxuuna amray in qoysaska soogalootiga sharci-darrada ah la wada xiro haddii aysan "ay jirin walaac" khatarta ilmaha. Garsooraha ayaa markii dambe amar ku bixiyay in qoysaska la isu keeno oo kala fogaansho dheeraad ah la joojiyo marka laga reebo xaalado xaddidan, inkastoo in ka badan 1,000 carruur dheeraad ah laga soocay qoysaskooda amarka ka dib. ===Siyaasada Arimaha Dibada=== [[File:-G7Biarritz_(48616362963).jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyayaasha G7 ayaa shir madaxeedka 45-aad ee Fransiiska, 2019]] Trump wuxuu isku tilmaamay inuu yahay "qaraniyad" iyo siyaasadiisa arrimaha dibadda " Ameerika 1aad ". Waxa uu taageeray dawladihii populist , neo-nationalist , iyo dawlado kali-talis ah. Saadalin la'aan, hubanti la'aan, iyo iswaafaqla'aan ayaa lagu gartaa xiriirka dibadda intii uu xilka hayay. Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo xulafadiisa reer Yurub waxa uu ahaa mid xun intii uu Trump joogay. Wuxuu dhaleeceeyay xulafada NATO wuxuuna si gaar ah u soo jeediyay in Maraykanku ka baxo NATO . Trump wuxuu taageeray siyaasado badan oo ka mid ah siyaasadaha ra'iisul wasaaraha Israel Benjamin Netanyahu . Sannadkii 2020, Trump waxa uu martigeliyay saxeexa heshiiskii Abraham ee u dhexeeyay Israa’iil iyo Imaaraadka Carabta iyo Baxrayn si ay caadi uga dhigaan xidhiidhkooda dibadda. [[File:President_Trump_%26_the_First_Lady%27s_Trip_to_Europe_(42547210635).jpg|thumb|Isagoo gacan qaadaya madaxweynaha [[Ruushka]] Vladimir Putin intii lagu jiray shirkii 2018 ee Helsinki , [[Finland]]]] Trump ayaa dagaal ganacsi la bilaabay Shiinaha 2018 ka dib markii uu ku soo rogay canshuuro iyo caqabado kale oo ganacsi oo uu sheegay in ay ku qasbi doonto Shiinaha in ay soo afjarto ku dhaqanka ganacsiga cadaalad darada ah ee mudada dheer soo jiray iyo ku xadgudubka hantida garaadka . Trump waxa uu wiiqay cunaqabatayntii ugu adkeyd ee uu Maraykanku soo rogay ka dib markii 2014 uu Ruushku la wareegay Kiirymiia . Trump wuu ammaanay oo, sida ay sheegeen qaar ka mid ah dadka dhaleeceeyay, dhif ayuu u dhaleeceeyay madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin , inkasta oo uu ka soo horjeestay tallaabooyinka qaar ee dawladda Ruushka. Waxa uu Maraykanka ka saaray heshiiska dhex-dhexaadka ah ee ciidamada Nukliyeerka , isaga oo u cuskanaya in Ruushku aanu u hoggaansamin, oo uu taageeray suurtagalnimada in Ruushku ku soo laabto G7 . Iyada oo hubka Nukliyeerka ee Waqooyiga Kuuriya loo arkayay khatar halis ah, Trump wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Maraykan ah ee la kulma hoggaamiyaha Kuuriyada Waqooyi, oo la kulmay Kim Jong Un saddex jeer : Singapore bishii Juun 2018, Hanoi bishii Febraayo 2019, iyo Aagga Dillatari ee Kuuriya ee Juun 2019 ===Shaqaale=== Dhammaadkii sannadkii ugu horreeyay ee Trump xafiiska, 34 boqolkiiba shaqaalahiisa asalka ah waa ay iska casileen, shaqada laga eryay, ama waa la bedelay. Ilaa Luulyo 2018, 61 boqolkiiba kaaliyeyaashiisa sare ayaa ka tagay iyo shaqaalaha 141 ayaa ka tagay sannadkii hore. Labada tiroba waxay dhigayaan rikoodh madaxweynayaashii dhawaa. Kaaliyeyaasha gaarka ah ee u dhow Trump ayaa shaqada ka tagay ama lagu qasbay. Waxa uu si cad u bahdilay dhowr ka mid ah saraakiishiisii ​​ugu sarraysay. Trump wuxuu lahaa afar madax oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad , isaga oo fogeynaya ama riixaya dhowr. Bishii Maajo 2017, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay agaasimihii FBI James Comey , isagoo sheegay maalmo ka dib inuu ka walaacsan yahay doorka Comey ee baaritaannada Trump iyo Ruushka. Saddex ka mid ah 15-kii xubnood ee asalka ahaa ee Trump ayaa baxay ama lagu qasbay inay is casilaan sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay. Trump wuu ka gaabiyay inuu magacaabo saraakiisha heerka labaad ee waaxda fulinta, isagoo sheegay in jagooyin badan oo aan loo baahnayn. Bishii Oktoobar 2017, waxaa jiray boqollaal jagooyin hoosaadyo ah oo aan la magacaabin. Ilaa Janaayo 8, 2019, ee 706 jagooyin muhiim ah, 433 ayaa la buuxiyay mana uusan u magacaabin 264. ===Garsoorka=== Trump ayaa magacaabay 226 garsoore oo heer federaal ah , oo ay ku jiraan 54 ka mid ah maxkamadaha rafcaanka iyo saddex ka mid ah maxkamadda sare : Neil Gorsuch , Brett Kavanaugh , iyo Amy Coney Barrett . Magacaabistiisa Maxkamadda Sare waxay siyaasad ahaan u wareejisay Maxkamadda dhinaca midig. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ballan qaaday in Roe v. Wade la rogi doono "si toos ah" haddii isaga la doorto oo la siiyo fursad uu ku magacaabo laba ama saddex garsoorayaasha ka hortagga ilmo soo rididda. Ka dib waxa uu qaatay sumcad markii Roe uu afgembiyay Dobbs v. Jackson Ururka Caafimaadka Haweenka 2022; Dhammaan saddexdii xubnood ee uu soo magacaabay Maxkamadda Sare waxay ku codeeyeen aqlabiyadda. Trump wuxuu quudhsaday maxkamadaha iyo garsoorayaasha uu ku khilaafay, inta badan qaab shakhsiyeed, wuxuuna su'aal galiyay awoodda dastuuriga ah ee garsoorka. Weerradiisa uu ku qaaday maxkamadaha ayaa waxaa ka dhashay canaan ka timid goobjoogayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan garsoorayaal heer federaal ah oo fadhiyey, kuwaas oo ka walaacsanaa saamaynta hadalladiisu ku yeelan karaan madaxbannaanida garsoorka iyo kalsoonida shacabku ku qabaan garsoorka. ===Cudurka caalamiga ah covid-19=== [[File:White_House_Press_Briefing_(49666120807).jpg|thumb|Qabashada war-saxaafadeed COVID-19 ah oo lala yeelanayo xubnaha Aqalka Cad ee Hawl-galka Coronavirus Maarso 15, 2020]] Trump ayaa markii hore iska dhaga tiray digniinaha caafimaadka bulshada iyo baaqyada ah in tallaabo laga qaado saraakiisha caafimaadka ee maamulkiisa. Trump wuxuu aasaasay Ciidanka Aqalka Cad ee Coronavirus bishii Janaayo 29. Bishii Maarso 27, wuxuu saxiixay sharciga CARES Act - $ 2.2 trillion biilka kicinta dhaqaalaha laba geesoodka ah - kicinta ugu weyn taariikhda Mareykanka. Ka dib toddobaadyo weeraro ah si ay uga fogaato jawaabtiisa gaabis ah, Trump wuxuu joojiyay maalgelinta Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka bishii Abriil. Bishii Abriil 2020, kooxaha ku xiran Jamhuuriga ayaa abaabulay mudaaharaadyo ka dhan ah qufulka oo looga soo horjeedo tallaabooyinka ay dowladaha gobolladu qaadayeen si ay ula dagaallamaan masiibada; Trump ayaa ku dhiirigeliyay mudaaharaadyada Twitter-ka , in kasta oo dawladaha la beegsaday aysan la kulmin tilmaamaha maamulkiisa ee dib u furitaanka. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u cadaadiyay hay'adaha caafimaadka federaalka inay qaadaan tallaabooyin uu doorbiday, sida oggolaanshaha daaweynta aan la xaqiijin. Bishii Oktoobar, Trump waxa la dhigay cusbitaalka Xarunta Caafimaadka Qaranka ee Walter Reed muddo saddex maalmood ah iyada oo uu jiro kiis daran oo ah COVID-19 ===Baaritaanada=== Ka dib markii uu la wareegay xafiiska, Trump wuxuu ahaa mawduuca kordhinta Waaxda Caddaaladda iyo kormeerka Kongareeska, iyada oo la baarayo ololihiisa doorashada, kala-guurka, iyo caleema saarka, tallaabooyinkii la qaaday intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa, ganacsigiisa gaarka ah , canshuuraha shakhsi ahaaneed, iyo aasaaska samafalka . Waxaa jiray toban baaritaan dembi oo federaal ah, siddeed gobol iyo baaritaanno maxalli ah, iyo laba iyo toban baaritaan oo kongareeska ah. Bishii Luulyo 2016, FBI waxay bilawday duufaanta Crossfire , baaritaan ku saabsan xiriirka suurtagalka ah ee ka dhexeeya Ruushka iyo ololaha Trump ee 2016. Kadib markii Trump uu shaqada ka eryay Comey bishii Maajo 2017, FBI-da ayaa furtay baaritaan labaad oo ku saabsan xiriirkii shakhsi ahaaneed iyo ganacsi ee Trump uu la yeeshay Ruushka . Bishii Janaayo 2017, saddex hay'adood oo sirdoon oo Mareykan ah ayaa si wadajir ah u sheegay "kalsooni sare" in Ruushku uu farageliyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump. Shaki badan xidhiidho ka dhexeeya saaxiibada Trump iyo saraakiisha Ruushka ayaa la ogaaday. Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Ruushka ee doorashada. Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah ayaa markii dambe loo wareejiyay baaritaanka qareenka gaarka ah ee Robert Mueller ; Baaritaanka ku saabsan xiriirka Trump iyo Ruushka waxaa soo afjaray ku xigeenka xeer ilaaliyaha guud Rod Rosenstein ka dib markii uu u sheegay FBI in Mueller uu sii wadi doono arrinta. Codsiga Rosenstein, baaritaanka Mueller wuxuu baaray arrimaha dambiyada "ee la xiriira faragelinta doorashada 2016 ee Ruushka". Mueller ayaa soo gudbiyay warbixintiisii ​​u dambaysay bishii March 2019. Warbixintu waxay ogaatay in Ruushku uu farageliyay 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump iyo in Trump iyo ololihiisii ​​ay soo dhaweeyeen oo ay dhiiri galiyeen dadaalka, laakiin caddaynta "ma aysan xaqiijin" in Ruushka ama xubnaha ololaha Trump ay abaabuleen. Trump waxa uu ku andacooday in warbixintaasi ay ka saartay isaga in kasta oo Mueller uu qoray in aanay taasi dhicin. Warbixintu waxay sidoo kale faahfaahisay carqaladaynta suurtagalka ah ee caddaaladda ee Trump, laakiin "ma aysan soo saarin gabagabada kama dambaysta ah" oo ka tagtay go'aanka lagu soo oogay sharciyada Congress-ka. Bishii Abriil 2019, Guddiga Kormeerka ee Aqalka ayaa soo saaray amar maxkamadeed oo ay ku raadinayaan faahfaahin maaliyadeed bangiyada Trump, Deutsche Bank iyo Capital One , iyo shirkaddiisa xisaabaadka, Mazars USA . Wuxuu dacweeyay bangiyada, Mazars, iyo guddoomiyaha guddiga Elijah Cummings si looga hortago in la shaaciyo. Bishii Maajo, laba garsoore ayaa xukuntay in Mazars iyo bangiyada labadaba ay tahay inay u hoggaansamaan amar-qaadista; . Qareennada Trump ayaa racfaan ka qaatay. Bishii Sebtembar 2022, Trump iyo guddiga ayaa ku heshiiyey heshiis ku saabsan Mazars, shirkadduna waxay bilowday inay wareejiso dukumentiyada. ===Eedaynta=== [[File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_(49498772251).jpg|thumb|Soo bandhigida cinwaanka "Trump waa la sii daayay" 2020]] Trump waxaa laba jeer xilka ka xayuubiyey aqalka kongress-ka, in kastoo aqalka senate-ka ay labada jeerba dambi ku soo oogeen. Xil ka qaadistii ugu horeysay ayaa ka dhalatay cabasho sir ah oo [[Bilaha]] [[Luuliyo]] 2019 Trump ku cadaadiyay madaxweynaha [[Yukrayn]] [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] inuu baadho Joe iyo Hunter [[Biden]], isagoo isku dayaya inuu faa'iido ka helo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2020 . Bishii [[Disembar]] 2019, aqalku wuxuu u codeeyay in Trump lagu soo oogo ku takri fal awoodeed iyo carqaladeyn Kongress-ka , iyo Senatka ayaa dambi ku waayay [[Febraayo]] 2020. Xil ka qaadista labaad ayaa timid ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo ee Capitol, kaas oo aqalku uu Trump ku soo oogay in uu kiciyay kacdoon 13-kii Janaayo 2021. Trump ayaa xafiiska ka tagay 20-kii Janaayo, waxaana lagu sii daayay Febraayo 13. Todobo senate oo Jamhuuriya ayaa u codeeyay xukun. ===2020 doorashada madaxweynaha=== Trump wuxuu xareeyay inuu u tartamo dib-u-doorashada saacado yar uun ka dib markii uu noqday madaxweynaha 2017. Waxa uu qabtay isu soo baxkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee dib-u-doorashada wax ka yar bil ka dib markii uu xafiiska qabtay wuxuuna si rasmi ah u noqday musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga Agoosto 2020. Ololaha Trump wuxuu diiradda saaray dambiyada, isagoo ku andacoonaya in magaalooyinka ay hoos ugu dhici doonaan sharci-darro haddii Dimuqraadigu ku guuleysto doorashada. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u beeniyey boosaska Biden wuxuuna ka codsaday cunsuriyadda. Laga bilaabo horraantii 2020, Trump wuxuu abuuray shaki ku saabsan doorashada, isagoo ku andacoonaya caddayn la'aan in la musuqmaasuqi doono iyo in isticmaalka baahsan ee waraaqaha waraaqaha ay soo saari doonto khiyaamo doorasho oo ballaaran. Wuxuu xannibay maalgelinta Adeegga Boostada Mareykanka , isagoo sheegay inuu doonayo inuu ka hortago koror kasta oo ku yimaada codbixinta boostada. Wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu diiday inuu sheego inuu aqbali doono natiijada haddii laga guulaysto oo uu ballan qaado in si nabad ah xukunka loogu kala wareejiyo . ===Luminta Biden iyo diidmada natiijada=== Biden wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii November 2020, isagoo helay 81.3 milyan cod (51.3 boqolkiiba) Trump's 74.2 milyan (46.8 boqolkiiba ) iyo 306 codadka doorashada ee Trump 's 232 . subaxa ka dib doorashada. Maalmo ka dib, markii Biden la saadaaliyay in uu guulaysanayo, Trump waxa uu si aan sal iyo raad toona lahayn u eedeeyay musuqmaasuqa doorashada. Iyadoo qayb ka ah dadaalka lagu doonayo in lagu baabi'iyo natiijada , Trump iyo xulafadiisa ayaa gudbiyay dacwado badan oo ka dhan ah natiijooyinka , kuwaas oo ay diideen ugu yaraan 86 garsoore oo ka tirsan maxkamadaha gobolka iyo federaalka labadaba iyagoo aan lahayn wax xaqiiqo ah ama sharci ah. Eedeymaha Trump waxaa sidoo kale beeniyay saraakiisha doorashada ee gobolka, Maxkamadda Sare ayaa diiday in ay dhageysato kiis lagu codsanayo in la baabi'iyo natiijada afar gobol oo uu ku guuleystay Biden. Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u raadsaday caawimo si uu u rogo natiijooyinka, isaga oo shakhsi ahaan cadaadis saaraya Jamhuuriga maxalliga ah iyo kuwa haya xafiisyada gobolka, Sharci-dejiyaha Jamhuuriga, Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo Madaxweyne Ku-Xigeenka Pence, oo ku boorriyay ficillada sida beddelka cod-bixiyeyaasha madaxweynaha , ama in saraakiisha Georgia ay ku dhawaaqeen natiijada "dhammaan" Toddobaadyadii doorashada ka dib, Trump wuu ka baxay hawlihii guud. Waxa uu markii hore ka horjoogsaday saraakiisha dawladda in ay la shaqeeyaan Biden ee ku-meel-gaadhka madaxweynenimada . Saddex toddobaad ka dib, maamulaha Maamulka Adeegyada Guud wuxuu ku dhawaaqay Biden "guuleeyaha muuqda" ee doorashada, isaga oo u oggolaanaya bixinta agabka kala-guurka kooxdiisa. Inkastoo Trump uu sheegay in uu ku taliyay in GSA ay bilowdo hab-maamuuska kala-guurka, weli si rasmi ah uma uusan aqbalin. Trump kama uusan qeybgalin xafladdii Biden ee Janaayo 20. ===Janaayo 6-dii weerarkii Capitol=== Bishii Disembar 2020, waxaa soo baxay warbixino sheegaya in hoggaamiyeyaasha millatariga Mareykanka ay heegan sare ku jireen, saraakiisha darajo sarena ay ka wada hadleen waxa la sameeyo haddii Trump uu ku dhawaaqo sharciga dagaalka . Agaasimaha CIA Gina Haspel iyo General General Mark Milley , oo ah gudoomiyaha Taliyaasha Wadajirka ah ee Shaqaalaha , ayaa ka walaacsanaa in Trump uu isku dayo inqilaab ama tallaabo militari oo ka dhan ah Shiinaha ama Iran. Milley wuxuu ku adkaystay in lagala tashado amar kasta oo militari oo ka yimaada Trump, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka hubka nukliyeerka. [[File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_(50820534063)_(retouched).jpg|thumb|Dadweyne taageersan Trump intii uu weerarka socday]] Duhurnimadii Janaayo 6, 2021, iyadoo Congress-ka uu caddaynayay natiijada doorashada madaxtinimada ee Capitol US , Trump wuxuu ku qabtay isu soo bax ka dhacay Ellipse oo u dhow . Isagoo ka hadlayay gadaasha muraayad dhalo ah, wuxuu ku baaqay in doorashada la rogo wuxuuna ku booriyay taageerayaashiisa inay "la dagaalamaan sida cadaabta" oo "ay dib u soo ceshadaan waddankeena" iyagoo u socda Capitol. Taageerayaashiisa ayaa markaa sameeyay koox koox ah oo jebisay dhismaha , carqaladeeyay shahaadada waxayna sababtay daad-gureynta Congress-kaaIintii lagu guda jiray weerarka, Trump wuxuu ku dhajiyay baraha bulshada laakiin ma uusan weydiisan rabshado inay kala firdhiyaan. Qoraal uu soo dhigay bartiisa Twitter -ka 6-dii maqribnimo ayuu u sheegay in ay “Guryaha ku tagaan jacayl & nabad”, waxa uu ugu yeeray “wadani-weyn”, waxa uuna ku celiyay in uu ku guuleystay doorashada. Koongarasku mar dambe ayaa dib loo furay oo xaqiijiyay guushii Biden saacadihii hore ee Janaayo 7. In ka badan 140 booliis ah ayaa ku dhaawacmay, shan qofna way dhinteen intii uu socday ama ka dib weerarka. Dhacdadan ayaa lagu tilmaamay isku day afgambi oo uu sameeyay Trump. ==Inta u dhaxaysa madaxweynayaasha (2021-2025)== Markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ku noolaado Mar-a-Lago, isaga oo xafiis ka samaystay halkaas sida uu dhigayo sharciga madaxweynayaashii hore . Sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee sii socota ee ku saabsan doorashada 2020 waxaa caadi ahaan loogu yeeraa " beenta weyn " ee uu dhaleeceeyay, inkastoo May 2021, isaga iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa ay bilaabeen isticmaalka ereyga si ay u tixraacaan doorashada lafteeda. Xisbiga Jamhuurigu wuxuu u adeegsaday sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee ku saabsan doorashada si uu ugu caddeeyo soo rogida xannibaadaha codbixinta cusub ee ay ku jirto. Wuxuu sii waday inuu ku cadaadiyo sharci-dejiyeyaasha gobolka inay joojiyaan doorashada. Si ka duwan madaxweynayaashii hore ee kale, Trump wuxuu sii waday inuu xukumo xisbigiisa; profile 2022 ee New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay inuu yahay madaxa xisbiga casriga ah . Waxa uu sii waday lacag ururinta, isaga oo kor u qaaday xabad dagaal oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan laba jeer xisbiga Jamhuuriga, oo uu ka faa'iidaystay lacag ururinta musharaxiin badan oo Jamhuuri ah oo lagu qabtay Mar-a-Lago. Inta badan waxa uu diiradda saaray maamulka xisbiga iyo in uu xilal muhiim ah ka dhigo saraakiil isaga daacad u ah. Doorashadii xilliga dhexe ee 2022 , wuxuu taageeray in ka badan 200 oo musharraxiin ah oo u tartamaya xafiisyo kala duwan. Bishii Febraayo 2021, wuxuu diiwaangeliyay shirkad cusub, Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG), si ay u siiso "adeegyada isku xirka bulshada" macaamiisha Mareykanka. Bishii Maarso 2024, TMTG waxay ku biirtay shirkad soo iibsata ujeedo gaar ah oo Digital World Acquisition waxayna noqotay shirkad dadweyne . Bishii Febraayo 2022, TMTG waxay bilowday Truth Social , oo ah madal warbaahinta bulshada ah. ===Arrimaha sharciga=== Sannadkii 2019-kii, wariye E. Jean Carroll ayaa ku eedeeyay Trump inuu kufsaday 1990-meeyadii, wuxuuna ku dacweeyay sumcad-dil uu u geystay diidmadiisa. Carroll ayaa mar kale dacweeyay 2022 batari iyo sumcad dil dheeraad ah. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay xadgudub galmo iyo sumcad dil waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo $ 5 milyan hal kiis iyo $ 83.3 milyan kan kale. Maxkamadaha rafcaanka federaalku waxay taageereen natiijooyinkii iyo abaal-marintii Diseembar 2024 iyo Sebtembar 2025, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sannadkii 2022, New York waxay soo gudbisay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyada oo ku eedaysay inuu sare u qaaday qiimaha Ururka Trump si uu faa'iido uga helo bixiyeyaasha iyo bangiyada. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo ku dhawaad ​​$355 milyan oo lagu daray dulsaar. Bishii Agoosto 2025, maxkamadda rafcaanku waxay taageertay mas'uuliyadda Trump iyo ganaaxyada aan lacagta ahayn laakiin waxay meesha ka saartay ciqaabta lacageed oo xad dhaaf ah [[File:Classified_intelligence_material_found_during_search_of_Mar-a-Lago.jpg|thumb|Walax sirdoon oo sir ah ayaa la helay intii lagu jiray raadinta Mar-a-Lago]] Iyada oo la xidhiidha dadaalka Trump ee uu ku doonayo in uu ku joojiyo doorashada 2020 iyo ku lug lahaanshaha weerarkii January 6, December 2022 guddiga Aqalka Maraykanka ee weerarka ayaa soo jeediyay eedeymaha dambiyada ka dhanka ah isaga oo hor istaagay dacwad rasmi ah , shirqool lagu khiyaameeyay Maraykanka , iyo kicinta ama caawinta kacdoonka. Bishii Agoosto 2023, xeerbeegti weyn oo ku taal Fulton County, Georgia , ayaa ku soo oogtay 13 eedeymo, oo ay ku jiraan racketeering , dadaalkiisa uu ku doonayo inuu ku dumiyo doorashada 2020 ee gobolka. Bishii Janaayo 2022, Maamulka Kaydka iyo Diiwaanka Qaranka ayaa soo saaray 15 sanduuq oo dukumeenti ah oo Trump u qaaday Mar-a-Lago ka dib markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo qaarkood la sifeeyay. Baaritaankii Waaxda Caddaaladda ee xigay, mas'uuliyiintu waxay ka soo saareen dukumeentiyo sir ah oo badan oo qareenadiisa ah. Agoosto 8, 2022, wakiilada FBI waxay Mar-a-Lago ka baadheen dukumeenti si sharci darro ah loo haysto, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa jebinta sharciga basaasnimada , ururinta 11 dukumeenti qarsoodi ah, qaar sir sare leh. Xeer -beegti heer federaal ah oo uu sameeyay La-taliyaha Gaarka ah Jack Smith ayaa Trump ku soo oogay bishii Juun 2023 31 dacwadood oo ah "si ula kac ah u haynta macluumaadka difaaca qaranka" sida hoos timaada Xeerka Basaasnimada , iyo eedeymo kale. Trump wuu diiday dambiga. Bishii Luulyo 2024, garsoore Aileen Cannon ayaa meesha ka saaray kiiska , xukunka Smith magacaabistiisa xeer ilaaliye gaar ah wuxuu ahaa sharci darro. Bishii Maajo 2024, Trump waxaa lagu xukumay 34 dacwadood oo dembi ah oo ka been sheegay diiwaannada ganacsiga . Kiisku wuxuu ka yimid caddayn ah inuu ballansaday lacag-bixinnada lacagta-ka-soo-baxa ee Michael Cohen ee jilaa filimada qaangaarka ah ee Stormy Daniels sida kharashaadka ganacsiga si uu u daboolo eedeymihiisii ​​2006-2007 ee Daniels intii lagu jiray doorashadii 2016. Janaayo 10, 2025, xaakimku wuxuu siiyay Trump xukun ciqaab la'aan ah oo loo yaqaan siideyn shuruud la'aan ah, isagoo sheegay in shuruudaha ciqaabta ay faragelinayaan xasaanadda madaxweynaha. Ka dib markii dib loo doortay, kiiskii carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 iyo kiiskii dukumeentiyada qarsoodiga ahaa waa la eryay iyada oo aan la eedayn siyaasada Waaxda Cadaaladda ee ka dhanka ah dacwad qaadista madaxweynayaasha. ==2024 doorashada madaxweynaha== Bishii Noofambar 2022, Trump wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu u tartamayo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2024 wuxuuna abuuray akoon lacag ururin ah. Bishii Maarso 2023, ololuhu wuxuu bilaabay inuu u weeciyo boqolkiiba toban deeqaha hoggaankiisa PAC . Ololihiisu waxa uu bixiyay $100 milyan oo ku wajahan biilasha sharciga ah March 2024. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump wuxuu sameeyay hadallo rabshado wata oo isa soo taraya. Waxa uu sheegay in uu hubayn doono FBI-da iyo Waaxda Caddaaladda ee ka soo horjeeda siyaasaddiisa oo uu u adeegsado militariga si uu u beegsado siyaasiyiinta Dimuqraadiga ah iyo kuwa aan taageersanayn musharaxnimadiisa. Wuxuu adeegsaday hadallo ka daran oo bini'aadantinimada ka dhan ah intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa. Hadalkiisa, isaga oo ugu yeeraya mucaaradkiisa siyaasadeed "cadow", cayayaan, iyo faashiistaha, ayaa taariikhyahannada iyo aqoonyahannada qaarkood ku tilmaameen kalitalisnimo, faashiste oo ka duwan wax kasta oo musharax siyaasadeed uu waligiis ku sheegay taariikhda Mareykanka. Da'da iyo welwelka caafimaadka ayaa sidoo kale kacday intii lagu jiray ololaha, iyada oo dhowr khabiiro caafimaad ah ay muujinayaan kororka xamaasada, hadalka jilicsan iyo dabeecadda . Trump wuxuu xusay "doorasho la musuq-maasuqay" iyo "faragelin doorashada" ka hor iyo in ka badan intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016 iyo 2020 wuxuuna diiday inuu ballan qaado inuu aqbalo natiijada doorashada 2024. Falanqeeyayaasha New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay tan sida xoojinta "madaxyada aan ku guuleysto; dabo aad khiyaamayso" xeeladaha hadal; Wargeysku waxa uu sheegay in sheegashada doorashada lagu shubtay ay noqotay laf dhabarta ololaha. July 13, 2024, Trump ayaa dhegta lagu toogtay isku day dil oo ka dhacay isu soo bax olole oo ka dhacay magaalada Butler Township, Pennsylvania . Laba maalmood ka dib, Shirweynihii Qaranka ee Jamhuuriga ee 2024 ayaa u magacaabay musharaxa madaxweynenimo. Bishii Sebtembar, waa la bartilmaameedsaday laakiin waxba ma gaarin isku day dil oo Florida ka dhacay . Trump wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii Noofambar 2024 isagoo helay 312 codadka doorashada madaxweyne ku xigeenka Kamala Harris's 226. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku guuleystay codadka caanka ah 49.8% Harris' 48.3%. Guushiisa 2024 waxay qayb ka ahayd dib-u-dhac caalami ah oo ka dhan ah xisbiyada xilka haya, oo qayb weyn ka ah sicir bararka 2021-2023 . Dhowr xarumood ayaa ku tilmaamay dib u doorashadiisa soo laabasho aan caadi ahayn. ==Madaxweynaha labaad (2025- hadda)== [[File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_(2025)_(alternate).jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , waxaa maamula madaxa cadaalada John Roberts , Janaayo 20, 2025]] Trump wuxuu bilaabay markiisa labaad markii uu xilka qabtay Janaayo 20, 2025. Wuxuu noqday shaqsiga ugu da'da weyn ee qabta xilka madaxtinimo , madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee dambi culus lagu soo oogay, iyo qofkii labaad ee laba xilli oo aan isku xigta madaxweyne ka noqdo. Isku daygiisii ​​uu ku doonayay inuu ku balaadhiyo awoodda madaxweynaha iyo iska horimaadyada maxkamadaha ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay sifada qeexaysa xilligiisa labaad. ===Ficilada hore, 2025- hadda=== Markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, Trump waxa uu saxeexay amarro fulineed oo taxane ah . Qaar badan oo kuwan ka mid ah waxay tijaabiyeen awooddiisa sharci, waxayna soo saareen tallaabo sharci oo degdeg ah. Wuxuu soo saaray amaro fulineed ka badan maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne kasta. Afar maalmood oo ka mid ah xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad, falanqaynta uu sameeyay Time waxay ogaatay in ku dhawaad ​​​​saddex-meelood laba meelood ee ficilladiisa fulinta "muraayada ama qayb ahaan muraayadda" soo jeedinta Mashruuca 2025 . Toddobaadyadiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, dhowr ka mid ah ficilladiisa ayaa iska indhatiray ama ku xad-gudbay sharciyada federaalka, qawaaniinta, iyo Dastuurka sida ay qabaan culimada sharciga ee Mareykanka. Bishii ugu horreysay ee maamulkiisa, Trump wuxuu soo saaray sagaashan amar fulineed, qoraallo, iyo awaamiir. Waxa uu u adeegsaday dawladda si uu u beegsado dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda iyo ficilladiisa ka dhanka ah bulshada rayidka ah ayay khubarada sharciga iyo boqollaal saynisyahano siyaasadeed ku tilmaameen mid keli-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Awaamiirtiisa iyo ficilladiisa waxaa ka soo horjeestay in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo dalka oo dhan ah, iyada oo intooda badan ay weli u socdaan maxkamadaha July 2. ===Iskahorimaadyada xiisaha, 2025 - hadda=== Madaxtinimadii labaad ee Trump waxaa lagu tilmaamay in uu leeyahay ilaalin yar oo ka dhan ah iskahorimaadyada danaha marka loo eego kii ugu horreeyay, iyo jabinta tobannaan sano oo xeerarka anshaxa. Waxa uu sii waday shirkad si guud looga ganacsado oo ku taal Trump Media & Technology Group , wuxuuna u kala beddelay adeegyo maaliyadeed. Waxa uu daba galay heshiisyo cusub oo hanti ma guurto ah oo dibadda ah oo ay ku lug leeyihiin hay'ado dawladeed oo xidhiidh la leh, waxana uu lahaa dhawr shirkadood oo calaamadayn iyo shati bixin ah oo uu ku iibinayo badeecooyinka sumadda Trump. Waxa uu ka faa'iideystey xafladaha lagu qabto hoteeladiisa iyo koorsooyinkiisa golf-ka, hantidiisana ma gelin kalsooni indho-la'aan ah, sidii madaxweynayaashii hore ay yeeli jireen. Bishii Agoosto 2025, shaacinta qasabka ah ee Trump ee maalgashiga ayaa muujisay in, tan iyo markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, uu sameeyay 690 iibsasho curaarta degmada iyo saamiyada shirkadaha oo wadartoodu ay dhan tahay ugu yaraan $104 milyan. Waxaa ku jiray saamiyada shirkadaha ay saameeyeen isbeddelada uu ku sameeyay siyaasadaha federaalka. Trump waxa uu meesha ka saaray hab-raacii anshaxa ee maamulkii hore iyo fulinta sharciyada mamnuucaya laaluushka iyada oo aan la samayn hab-raacyo anshaxeed oo rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay dadka loo magacaabayo siyaasadda, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay la soo galeen maamulkiisa "liiska aan caadiga ahayn ee weyn ee isku dhacyada xiisaha leh". Waxa uu meesha ka saaray eedeymihii musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ahaa siyaasiyiintii xiriirka la lahaa isaga wuxuuna joojiyay dhaqangelinta sharciga mamnuucaya in shirkadaha ka shaqeeya Mareykanka ay laaluushaan dowlado shisheeye. Trump wuxuu bilaabay, dallacsiiyay, oo shakhsi ahaan uga faa'iidaystay laba calaamadood oo cryptocurrency ah ("qadaadiicda meme"), $ Trump iyo $ Melania. Waxa kale oo uu si toos ah uga faa'iidaystay qoyskiisa shirkadda cryptocurrency World Liberty Financial , taas oo ku hawlan isku-dhafka aan horay loo arag ee ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay iyo siyaasadda dawladda. Bishii Luulyo 2025, maamulka Trump wuxuu Qatar ka aqbalay $400 milyan diyaarad qaali ah si uu ugu adeego Air Force One ilaa dhamaadka xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad ka dibna loo wareejiyo maktabadiisa madaxtooyada. Dib u habeynta sida Air Force One ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay ku kacayso ilaa $1 bilyan. ===Joojinta guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka=== Trump wuxuu ka hirgaliyay shaqo joojinta guud ahaan dowladda federaalka wuxuuna amray in shaqada teleefoonka shaqaalaha federaalka lagu joojiyo 30 maalmood gudahood. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in dib u eegis lagu sameeyo jagooyin badan oo shaqaale rayid ah oo xirfadeed iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in dib loogu kala saaro boosaska la rabo iyada oo aan lahayn ilaalin shaqo. Waxa uu bilaabay joojinta shaqada guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka, oo ay ku tilmaameen khabiirada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag ama ku xad-gudbay sharciga federaalka, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo shaqaale si aad ah ula socda ajendihiisa. Dabayaaqadii Febraayo, maamulku waxa uu shaqada ka eryay in ka badan 30,000 oo qof. Si loo fududeeyo joojinta dheeraadka ah, waxay qaadatay tarjumaad sharci oo cusub oo si weyn u ballaarinaysa qaybaha iyo wakaaladaha loo arko inay haystaan ​​​​ammaanka qaranka shaqadooda aasaasiga ah, oo ku dhawaaqaya ururada shaqaalaha federaalka ee kala duwan "cadow". Amarka fulinta dabayaaqadii March ee ku salaysan tarjumaaddan ayaa ka saaray daraasiin waaxyo iyo wakaaladaha barnaamijyada xiriirka maamulka shaqada ee federaalka , taasoo ku kaliftay inay dacweeyaan si ay u buriyaan heshiisyadooda gorgortanka wadareed , kaas oo ka saari kara ilaalinta ururka hal milyan oo shaqaale federaal ah. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in la joojiyo kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) mashaariicda dawladda federaalka wuxuuna ku meeleeyay shaqaalaha xafiisyada DEI fasax. Waxa uu buriyay Amarka Fulinta ee Lyndon B. Johnson ee 1965 ee 11246 , kaas oo amrayay in qandaraaslayaasha federaalku ay qaadaan tallaabo cad oo lagu joojinayo takoorka jinsiyadeed. Waxtarka Trump iyo Elon Musk 's Department of Government waxay si weyn u burburiyeen dhowr hay'adood oo federaal ah oo ay ku jiraan USAID iyo Waaxda Waxbarashada , iyagoo keli ah shaqada ka eryay dhowr kun oo shaqaale ah, waxayna hoos u dhigtay hawlaha maamulka ilaa ugu yaraan sharci. Ficilada qaar, sida isku dayga lagu burburinayo Xafiiska Ilaalinta Maaliyadeed ee Macmiilka , waxaa hakiyay maxkamadaha federaalka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisu waxay isku dayeen inay keenaan hay'ado madax-bannaan oo taariikhi ah oo hoos yimaada laanta fulinta oo si toos ah u hoos timaada qaabab yar. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga, 2025- hadda=== Sida madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horeysay, Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u hareer maray Xafiiska Xeer Ilaaliyaha Cafiska . Waxa uu ku rakibay siyaasad daacad ah Ed Martin kaas oo ku tilmaamay sababta cafis loo bixiyo "Ma jiro MAGA ka tagay". Cafiskii Trump iyo deeqaha naxariista waxay door bideen xulafada siyaasadeed iyo kuwa daacadda u ah, oo si aan loo kala sooc lahayn loo cafiyay "kuwa xoogga badan, caanka ah, si fiican ugu xiran iyo maalqabeenada" ee lagu eedeeyay dambiyada cadaanka ah. Trump waxa uu cafis u fidiyay dhammaan 6-dii January rabshadihii lagu xukumay ama lagu soo oogay maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee xafiiska, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa si xun u weeraray booliiska, isaga oo cafiyay in ka badan 1,500 oo uu cafiyay xukunnada 14. ===Siyaasadda gudaha, 2025- hadda=== Trump wuxuu ka dhaxlay dhaqaale adkeysi leh maamulka Biden, kobaca dhaqaalaha, shaqo la'aanta yar, iyo sicir bararka hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu ku amray wakaaladaha in ay joojiyaan dhaqan gelinta xeerarka aan la jeclayn iyaga oo isku dayaya in si weyn loo xakameeyo taasoo khubarada sharcigu ay ku tilmaameen sharci-darro iyo lid ku ah tobanaan sano ee sharciga federaalka. Waxa uu raadiyay in dawladdu ay maamusho ganacsiyo gaar ah oo uu ka tago dhaqanka suuqa xorta ah ee muxaafidka ah , halkii uu doorbidi lahaa hanti-wadaaga dawladda isaga oo si toos ah u qaadanaya saamiga dawladda ee sinnaanta shirkadaha waaweyn ee Maraykanka. Trump wuxuu joojiyay oo joojiyay deeqihii federaalka wuxuuna sameeyay dhimis ballaaran oo cilmi baaris ah, kuwaas oo dhowr ka mid ah ay heleen garsoorayaasha iyo Xafiiska Xisaabtanka ee Dowladda inay yihiin sharci darro iyo dastuuri. Waxa uu kor u qaaday diidmada isbeddelka cimilada iyo macluumaadka khaldan, oo u magacaabay saliidda, gaasta, iyo kiimikooyinka u ololeeya EPA si ay u beddelaan xeerarka cimilada iyo xakamaynta wasakhowga. Trump wuxuu ku tiirsanaa ku dhawaaqida xaaladaha degdegga ah ee qaranka si uu u caddeeyo boqollaal ficil oo uu ka gudbo ansixinta kongareeska ama dib u eegista sharciga. Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo tamarta qaranka ah, taasoo u oggolaanaysa joojinta xeerarka deegaanka, dabcinta sharciyada soo saarista shidaalka iyo xaddididda mashaariicda tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo. Waxa uu bilaabay dib-u-eegis ku saabsan "sharciga iyo sii socoshada ku-dhaqanka" ee raadinta khatarta EPA , taas oo ah saldhigga ugu badan ee xeerarka federaalka ee gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo, oo mar kale ka baxay US Heshiiskii Paris ee isbedelka cimilada. Burburinta hay'adaha dawladda ee fulinaya sharciyada ka dhanka ah musuqmaasuqa siyaasadeed iyo khiyaanada cad, Trump wuxuu hoos u dhigay Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Waaxda Cadaaladda Dadweynaha 30 ilaa shan qareen, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay 17 kormeerayaal madax -bannaan oo ka tirsan hay'adaha dawladda iyo 12 xubnood oo ka tirsan hay'adaha kormeerka madax-bannaan ee 7 iyo kormeerayaasha Xafiiska FBI-da ee Washington oo baaray eedeymaha musuqmaasuqa iyo musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ah saraakiisha dowladda iyo xubnaha Congress-ka. Wuxuu cafiyay ama laalay eedeymaha ka dhanka ah saraakiisha lagu eedeeyay musuqmaasuq. Trump wuxuu u aaneeyay dhibaatooyinka bulshada kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) hindisayaasha iyo baraarugga . Isbarbardhigga kala duwanaanshaha iyo karti-darrada, wuxuu beddelay siyaasadihii kala-duwanaanshaha ee dawladda federaalka. Waxa uu damcay in uu dib ugu sameeyo bulshada rayidka ah dookhiisa amarka fulinta. On DEI iyo nacaybka nacaybka, wuxuu u hanjabay hay'adaha dhaqanka iyo lixdan jaamacadood, wuxuuna ku qasbay shirkadaha sharciga inay u hoggaansamaan ajandihiisa siyaasadeed. Trump ayaa balaariyay adeegsiga gudaha ee ciidamada wuxuuna amray in la geeyo magaalooyin dhowr ah oo xisbiga Dimuquraadiga uu hogaamiyo , wuxuuna ku hanjabay inuu sii balaarin doono howlgalladiisa. ===Siyaasadaha ka-hortagga LGBTQ+=== Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadii labaad, Trump wuxuu bilaabay olole dagaal oo ka dhan ah LGBTQ + iyo gaar ahaan siyaasadaha ka-hortagga jinsiga ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba, oo maamulkiisu u soo bandhigay sidii wax looga qaban lahaa " fikirka jinsiga ". Siyaasadahan waxay doonayeen inay baabi'iyaan aqoonsiga federaalka ee dadka transgender-ka ah, ka xayuubinta dadka transgender ilaalinta sharciga iyo in laga tirtiro aqoonsiga trans ee nolosha guud. Iyadoo loo marayo amarro fulineed oo isdaba-joog ah iyo ficilo kale, maamulkiisu wuxuu si adag u qeexay jinsiga si adag bayoolooji dhalashada, laga mamnuucay dadka ka soo jeeda milatariga, xaddidan ama la daboolay daryeelka caafimaadka jinsiga, oo ka soo horjeeda luqadda loo dhan yahay , cilmi-baaris iyo agab waxbarasho oo faafreeb ah, iyo bartilmaameedyada dugsiyada, jaamacadaha, iyo xarumaha fikradda. Tallaabooyin dheeri ah ayaa ka mamnuucay ciyaartooyda transgender-ka ciyaaraha, helitaanka baasaboor xaddidan, waxayna sii hurisay dadaallada caalamiga ah ee lagu wiiqayo xuquuqda trans. Waxaa weheliya hadallo muujinaya dadka ka beddelka jinsiga inay yihiin khatar bulsho, siyaasadahani waxay kiciyeen caqabado sharciyeed oo baahsan, cambaarayn ka timid kooxaha xuquuqul insaanka, iyo kor u kaca socdaalka iyo sheegashooyinka magangelyo ee ay qabaan dadka isku jinsiga ah ee Maraykanka ah ===Hal Xeer Bill Qurux Badan=== Bishii Luulyo 2025, Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Sharcigu waxa uu ka dhigay dhimista cashuurta cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada 2017 mid joogto ah waxana uu ku daray cashuur dhimis dheeraad ah oo dhan ku dhawaad ​​$4.5 trillion, inta badan ka faa’iidaysanaysa dakhliga ugu sarreeya oo dadka ku kaca dakhliga ugu hooseeya $1,600 sanadkii; kordhinta dhaqaalaha difaaca qaranka, masaafurinta, darbiga xuduudka, iyo gaashaanka gantaalaha; lagana saaray cashuurtii laga qaadi lahaa mashaariicda tamarta nadiifka ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo ilaha tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo sida dabaysha iyo tamarta cadceedda iyo kuwa iibsada baabuurta korontada. Sharcigu wuxuu jaray maalgelinta Medicaid iyo SNAP wuxuuna ku daray shuruudo shaqo oo dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay u-qalmitaanka iyo $35 lacag-bixineed ee adeegyada Medicaid qaarkood; dhimista iyo shuruudaha dheeraadka ah ayaa dhaqan galaya ka dib doorashada guud ee 2026. Sharciga waxaa saadaaliyay Xafiiska Miisaaniyadda Kongareeska inuu ku kordhiyo dhimista miisaaniyada $3.4 trillion marka la gaaro 2034, sababa 11.8 milyan oo qof inay lumiyaan caymiska Medicaid, iyo meesha laga saaro dheefaha SNAP ee seddex milyan oo qof. ===Socdaalka, 2025- hadda=== Maalmihiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump waxa uu ku amray ilaalada xuduudaha in ay si kooban u tarxiilaan soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee ka soo gudbaya xadka, isaga oo curyaamiyay barnaamijka CBP One ee loo isticmaalay in lagu jadwaleeyo xuduudaha. Waxa uu dib u bilaabay hadhaagii siyaasadda Mexico , waxa uu kooxaha daroogada u magacaabay kooxo argagixiso ah, waxana uu amray in dib loo bilaabo dhismaha darbiga xuduudka. Hawlgallada masaafurinta ayaa marka hore diiradda saaray "liiska bartilmaameedka" ee dambiilayaasha la sameeyay ka hor xilliga labaad ee Trump. Kadibna maamulkiisu wuxuu meesha ka saaray magangelyo codsadayaasha ku guul daraystay inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha, waxay laashay xaaladda sii-daynta sharafeed ee muhaajiriinta ku soo galay US iyadoo la raacayo CBP One iyo CHNV sii-daynta sharafeed bini'aadantinimo, waxay isku dayeen inay ka saaraan dhalashada dhalashada , waxayna hakiyeen Barnaamijka Ogolaanshaha Qaxootiga . Bishii Maarso, wuxuu u adeegsaday Xeerka Cadawga Shisheeyaha ee 1798 si uu u xidho muhaajiriinta sharci darrada ah maxkamad la'aan -mid ka mid ah "khalad maamul" iyo inta badan iyada oo aan lahayn diiwaannada dambiyada -Xarunta Xakamaynta Argagaxisada ee El Salvador. Wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha , muhaajiriinta sharciga ah, dalxiisayaasha, iyo ardayda fiisaha leh kuwaas oo muujiyay dhaleeceynta siyaasaddiisa ama u doodista Falastiiniyiinta. Dhowr muwaadiniin Maraykan ah ayaa la xidhay oo la tarxiilay . ===Siyaasadda Dibadda, 2025- hadda=== Muddadii labaad ee Trump siyaasaddiisa arrimaha dibadda waxaa siyaabo kala duwan loogu sifeeyay Imperialist , balaarin , go'doomiye , iyo autarkist , iyadoo adeegsanaysa fikradda " America First " oo ah asaaskeeda. Maamulkiisu wuxuu door biday awood adag si uu u gaaro yoolalka siyaasadda dibadda, wuxuuna burburiyay ama ka laabtay taageerada ururada gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee u heellan horumarinta awoodda jilicsan ee Maraykanka . Dhaqdhaqaaqyada ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay hoos u dhigayaan saamaynta Maraykanka ee caalamiga ah iyo abuurista bannaan ay buuxiyeen Ruushka iyo Shiinaha . Xidhiidhka Trump ee xulafada waxa uu ahaa macaamil ganacsi oo u dhexeeyay danayn la'aan ilaa cadaawad, oo ay ku jiraan hanjabaad ku darida. Bishii Febraayo 2025, Trump iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka Vance waxay ku dhaleeceeyeen madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy kulan muran badan dhaliyay oo telefishinka laga sii daayay. Warbaahinta ayaa ku tilmaantay iska hor imaad aan hore loo arag oo dhex maray madaxweyne Maraykan ah iyo madax ajnabi ah . Trump iyo maamulkiisa imaan doona ayaa gacan ka geystay dhexdhexaadinta xabbad joojinta dagaalka Gaza oo ay weheliyaan maamulka Biden, oo la dhaqan galiyay maalin ka hor caleema saarkiisa. Bishii Maarso, Israa'iil waxay jebisay xabbad-joojintii . Siyaasadaha dhaqaalaha ee Trump ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo ilaalinaya , iyadoo Trump uu ku soo rogay canshuuraha dalalka intooda badan, oo ay ku jiraan canshuuraha waaweyn ee la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga ee Shiinaha, Canada, iyo Mexico. Wuxuu bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo caalami ah , isagoo ku soo rogay canshuuro heerkii ugu sarreeyay tan iyo 1930kii Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act ee bilawga diiqada weyn . Dhaqaale-yahannadu waxay ku doodeen in maamulku uu si khaldan u fahmay xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhimista ganacsiga iyo canshuuraha, iyaga oo isticmaalaya fikrado khaldan. Narendra Modi ayaa ka falceliyay 50 boqolkiiba tacriifta Trump ee soo dejinta Hindiya isaga oo sii xoojinaya xiriirka Shiinaha. Wuxuu hakiyay tabarucaadkii dhaqaale ee Maraykanku siin jiray Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka . ===Garsoorka, 2025 – hadda=== Garsoorayaasha federaalku waxay u arkeen qaar badan oo ka mid ah falalka maamulka inay yihiin sharci-darro. Ka dib dib-u-dhac xagga sharciga ah, Trump wuxuu kordhiyey dhaleeceynta garsoorka wuxuuna ku baaqay in la soo oogo garsoorayaasha federaalka ee isaga ka soo horjeeday. Wuxu u hanjabay, saxeexay tallaabooyinka fulinta, waxaanu amray in baadhitaan lagu sameeyo dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda, dhaleecaynta, iyo ururrada la safan Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga. Bartamihii Luulyo, falanqaynta Washington Post waxay ogaatay inuu ka soo horjeestay garsoorayaasha iyo maxkamadaha qiyaastii saddex meelood meel dhammaan kiisaska isaga ka dhanka ah, falalka ay ku tilmaameen khubarada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag maamul kasta oo madaxweyne ah. ( 654 ) Diidmada amarada maxkamada iyo sheegashadiisa xaq u lahaanshaha maxkamadaha waxay cabsi galisay khubarada sharciga qalalaasaha dastuuriga ah . Falanqaynta badan oo ay sameeyeen aqoonyahanno akadeemiyadeed iyo The New York Times waxay ogaadeen in labada garsoore ee Jamhuuriga iyo Dimuqraadigu ay heleen cillado badan oo dastuuri ah iyo qaanuuneed oo leh siyaasadaha maamulka Trump. Maamulkiisu wuxuu caddeeyey xuquuq dastuuri ah oo ah inuu iska indhatiro sharciga federaalka isagoo sabab uga dhigaya dhowr tallaabo sida diidmadiisa inuu dhaqan geliyo mamnuucista federaalka ee TikTok , iyada oo khubarada sharciga ay ku tilmaameen inay tahay "awood dastuuri ah oo lagu tallaalayo dhinacyada gaarka ah inay ku kacaan falal kale oo sharci darro ah iyada oo aan la ciqaabin". Waxa kale oo uu ku hawlanaa beegsiga aan hore loo arag ee shirkadaha sharciga iyo qareennada oo hore u matalay jagooyin lid ku ah naftiisa. ==Dhaqan siyaasadeed iyo hadal-hayn== Laga soo bilaabo ololihiisii ​​2016, siyaasadda Trump iyo hadal-hayntiisa ayaa horseeday abuuritaanka dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo loo yaqaan Trumpism. Mawqifkiisa siyaasadeed waa populist ,oo si gaar ah loogu tilmaamay populist garabka midig . Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inuu aqbalay xag-jirnimada midigta-fog , wuxuuna ka caawiyay inuu keeno fikradaha iyo ururrada midigta fog ee guud ahaan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisa iyo hadalladiisa ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Trump waxa uu ku riixay balaadhinta awoodda madaxweynanimada iyada oo la raacayo tafsiir maxalli ah oo ku saabsan aragtida fulinta midaysan . Saldhiggiisa siyaasadeed waxa la barbar dhigay cibaadaysi shakhsiyeed . Hadalka Trump iyo ficilkiisa ayaa lagu eedeeyay in uu abuuray oo uu uga sii daray cadhada iyo kalsooni darada iyada oo la adeegsanayo sheeko "annaga" iyo "iyaga" . Wuxuu si cad oo joogto ah u dhaleeceeyaa jinsiyadda, diinta, iyo qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay, iyo culimadu waxay si joogto ah u ogaadaan in nacaybka jinsiyadeed ee ku saabsan madowga, soogalootiga, iyo Muslimiinta ay yihiin saadaalinta ugu fiican ee taageerada Trump. Hadaladiisa waxa lagu tilmaamay in uu isticmaalay cabsi-cabsi iyo maangaabnimo taas oo sii xoogaysatay ololihiisii ​​madaxtinimada ee 2024 . Wuxuu sheegay inuu rumaysan yahay in awoodda dhabta ahi ay ka timaad cabsi. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Alt-right ayaa isku duubay oo taageeray musharaxnimadiisa, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay qayb ka mid ah diidmada dhaqamada kala duwan iyo socdaalka . Waxa uu leeyahay rafcaan xooggan oo loogu talagalay codbixiyayaasha Masiixiyiinta ah ee wacdiya iyo waddaniyiinta Masiixiyiinta ah , iyo dibad-baxyadiisa waxay qaataan calaamadaha, odhaahda, iyo ajandaha waddaniyadda Masiixiyiinta. Trump waxa uu sidoo kale u adeegsaday shuuci ka soo horjeeda hadaladiisa, isaga oo si joogta ah ugu yeeraya kuwa ka soo horjeeda " Communists " iyo " Marxists ===Aragtida jinsiyadeed iyo jinsiga=== Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinka iyo ficillada Trump ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsurinimo. Ra'yi ururin qaran oo 2018 ah, qiyaastii kala badh ka mid ah jawaab bixiyaasha ayaa sheegay inuu yahay cunsuri; in badan oo ka mid ah waxay aaminsanaayeen in uu ku dhiirraday cunsuriyiinta. Dhowr daraasadood iyo sahanno ayaa lagu ogaaday in dabeecadaha cunsuriyadu ay kiciyeen siyaasadiisa siyaasadeed oo ay aad uga muhiimsan yihiin arrimaha dhaqaalaha ee lagu go'aaminayo daacadnimada codbixiyayaasha Trump. Dabeecadaha cunsuriyiinta iyo Islaam nacaybka ayaa ah tilmaamo xooggan oo muujinaya taageerada Trump. Waxaa lagu eedeeyay cunsurinimo isagoo ku adkeystay koox ka kooban shan dhalinyaro madow iyo Latino ah inay kufsadeen haweeney caddaan ah kiiska 1989 Central Park jogger , xitaa ka dib markii laga saaray 2002. Sannadkii 2011-kii, Trump waxa uu noqday hoggaamiyihii hormoodka u ahaa fikradda shirqoolka cunsuriga ah ee "dhalasho" ee ah in Barack Obama, madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee madow ee Mareykanka, uusan ku dhalan Mareykanka. Waxa uu ku andacooday in uu ku cadaadiyay dawladda in ay daabacdo warqadda dhalashada Obama, taas oo uu u arkay in ay tahay khiyaano. Waxa uu qiray in Obama uu ku dhashay Maraykanka bishii Sebtembar 2016, inkasta oo la sheegay in uu si gaar ah u muujiyay aragtida dhalashada ee 2017. Intii lagu jiray ololihii doorashada 2024, wuxuu sameeyay weeraro been abuur ah oo ka dhan ah aqoonsiga jinsiyadeed ee ka soo horjeeda, Kamala Harris, kaas oo lagu tilmaamay inay xasuusinayaan fikradda shirqoolka dhalashada. Ololihiisii ​​2024 waxa uu si weyn u adeegsaday luqadda bini'aadantinimada ka-hortagga ah iyo fikradaha jinsiyadeed . Sannadkii 2025, wuxuu kor u qaaday sheegashooyinka beenta ah ee xasuuqa cadaanka ah ee Koonfur Afrika wuxuuna abuuray barnaamijka qaxootiga ee Koonfur Afrika . Trump ayaa caado u ah inuu dumarka xaqiro marka uu la hadlayo warbaahinta iyo baraha bulshada. Wuxuu sameeyay faallooyin xunxun, wuxuu naqdiyay muuqaalka dumarka, wuxuuna u tixraacay iyaga oo isticmaalaya ereyo sharaf leh. Laga bilaabo 2020, 26 dumar ah ayaa si fagaare ah ugu eedeeyay anshax-xumo galmo , oo ay ku jiraan kufsi, dhunkasho ogolaansho la'aan, xoqid, fiirinta goonnada haweenka hoostooda, iyo ku lugaynta tartamayaasha qaan-gaarka ee qaawan. Eedeymahaas wuu diiday. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, 2005 " murafoon kulul " ayaa soo baxay isaga oo ku faanaya dhunkashada iyo dhunkashada haweenka iyaga oo aan raalli ka ahayn, isaga oo leh, "Markaad xiddig tahay, waxay kuu oggolaadaan inaad sameyso. Wax kasta waad sameyn kartaa ... Ku qabo feerka . " Waxa uu faallooyinka ku tilmaamay "hadal-qol-badel". Dhacdadan oo si baahsan u soo bandhigtay warbaahinta ayaa keentay raaligelintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee dadweynaha, oo la duubay intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxweynaha 2016. ===Isku xirka rabshadaha iyo dembiyada nacaybka=== Trump ayaa loo aqoonsaday in uu fure u yahay kordhinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee Mareykanka, isaga oo ka dhan ah iyo mid ka dhan ah. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu ku qanacsan yahay xagjirnimada, aragtiyaha shirqoolka sida Q-Anon , iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada xagjirka ah ee midigta fog ilaa xad ka weyn madaxweyne kasta oo Maraykan ah oo casri ah, iyo ku lug lahaanshaha argagixisannimada stochastic . Cilmi-baaristu waxay soo jeedinaysaa in hadalka Trump uu la xiriiro kororka dhacdooyinka dembiyada nacaybka, iyo in uu leeyahay saameyn xoog leh oo ku saabsan muujinta dabeecadaha nacaybka ah sababtoo ah sida caadiga ah ee ereyada jinsiyadeed ee cad. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2016, wuxuu ku booriyay ama ammaanay weerarrada jireed ee ka dhanka ah dibad-baxayaasha ama wariyeyaasha. Eedeysaneyaal badan oo lagu baaray ama lagu soo oogay falal rabshado wata iyo dambiyada nacaybka ayaa soo xigtay hadalladiisa isagoo ku doodaya inaysan ahayn dambiile ama ay tahay inay helaan dabacsanaan. Dib u eegis dalka oo dhan ay samaysay ABC News bishii Maajo 2020 ayaa lagu aqoonsaday ugu yaraan 54 kiis oo danbi ah, laga bilaabo Agoosto 2015 ilaa Abriil 2020, kaas oo loogu yeedhay xidhiidh toos ah oo rabshado ama hanjabaado rabshado ah oo inta badan ay geystaan ​​ragga cadaanka ah iyo ugu horrayn ka dhanka ah dadka laga tirada badan yahay. Diidmada Trump ee ah in uu cambaareeyo kooxda cadaanka ah ee Proud Boys intii lagu jiray dooddii madaxweynenimada ee 2020 iyo faallooyinkiisii, "Wiilasha sharafta leh, istaaga oo garab istaaga", ayaa la sheegay in ay keentay in la kordhiyo shaqaaleysiinta kooxda Trump. Cilmi-baarayaasha la-dagaalanka argagixisanimada ayaa ku tilmaamay taariikhdiisa caadiga ah iyo dib-u-eegistiisa ee Janaayo 6 weerarkii Capitol, iyo bixinta naxariista dhammaan Janaayo 6 rabshad-wadayaasha , sida dhiirigelinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee mustaqbalka. ===Aragtiyo shirqool=== Tan iyo ka hor madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu kor u qaaday fikrado badan oo shirqool ah, oo ay ku jiraan Obama "dhalashada", diidmada isbedelka cimilada , iyo faragelinta Ukraine ee lagu eedeeyay doorashadii Mareykanka . Kadib doorashadii madaxweynaha ee 2020, wuxuu kor u qaaday fikradaha shirqoolka ee guuldaradiisa kuwaas oo lagu sifeeyay " beenta weyn ===Hadalo been ah ama marin habaabin ah=== [[File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png|thumb|Xaqiiq-baarayaasha ka socda Washington Ku dhaji , Toronto Star , iyo CNN waxay soo ururiyeen xog ku saabsan "dacwooyin been ah ama marin-habaabin ah" (asalka orange) iyo "sheegashada beenta ah" (violet foreground).]] Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u sheegaa hadalo been abuur ah oo uu ku jiro hadalo fagaare ah, ilaa xad aan horay loo arag siyaasada Mareykanka . Beentiisu waa qayb gaar ah oo ka mid ah aqoonsigiisa siyaasadeed waxaana lagu tilmaamay inay tahay dab-damis . Hadaladiisa beenta ah iyo marin habaabinta ah waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin-hubi , oo ay ku jiraan The Washington Post , kaas oo 30,573 been abuur ah ama been abuur ah oo uu sameeyay intii lagu jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horreeyay, oo sii kordhaya waqti ka dib. Qaar ka mid ah been-abuurka Trump waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan faa'iido lahayn, halka kuwa kalena ay lahaayeen saameyn aad u fog, sida dhiirrigelintiisa aan la hubin ee dawooyinka ka hortagga duumada sida daaweynta COVID-19, taasoo keentay yaraanta Maraykanka ee daawooyinkan iyo iibsashada argagaxa ee Afrika iyo Koonfurta Aasiya. Macluumaad kale oo khaldan, sida si khaldan loogu sheegay kororka dambiyada England iyo Wales "fidinta argagixisada xagjirka ah", waxay u adeegtay ujeedooyinkiisa siyaasadeed ee gudaha. Weeraradiisa waraaqaha waraaqaha boostada iyo dhaqamada kale ee doorashada ayaa wiiqay kalsoonida dadweynaha ee hufnaanta doorashada madaxweynaha 2020, halka xog-warrankiisa ku saabsan masiibada uu dib u dhigay oo uu wiiqay jawaabta qaranka ee ku wajahan. Caadiyan kama cudur daarato beentiisa. Ilaa 2018, warbaahintu marar dhif ah ayay beentiisa ugu yeertay been, oo ay ku jirto markii uu ku celceliyay hadallo been abuur ah. ===Baraha bulshada=== Joogitaanka baraha bulshada ee Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha caalamka kadib markii uu ku biiray Twitter-ka sanadkii 2009. Waxa uu si isdaba joog ah u soo dhigayay ololihiisii ​​2016-kii iyo intii uu madaxweyne ahaa ilaa Twitter-ka uu mamnuucay ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo. Wuxuu inta badan isticmaali jiray Twitter si uu si toos ah ula xiriiro dadweynaha oo uu u leexiyo saxaafadda; ee 2017, xoghayntiisa saxaafadda ayaa sheegay in tweets- kiisa uu ka kooban yahay bayaannada rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2024 iyo madaxweynanimada labaad wuxuu si joogta ah u dhajiyay waxyaabo AI-soo saaray naftiisa sida astaanta dhaqanka pop-ka ama muhaajiriinta ku jeesjeesa. Ka dib sanado badan oo dhaleecayn ah oo loogu ogolaaday Trump in uu ku dhejiyo macluumaad khaldan iyo been abuur, Twitter ayaa bilaabay in uu ku dhejiyo qaar ka mid ah tweetskiisa hubinta xaqiiqda May 2020. Isagoo ka jawaabaya, wuxuu sheegay in shabakadaha warbaahinta bulshada "gebi ahaanba aamusin" muxaafidka oo uu "si adag u xakameyn doono, ama xidhi doono". Kadib weerarkii Janaayo 6, waxaa laga mamnuucay Facebook , Instagram , Twitter, iyo aalado kale. Luminta joogitaankiisa warbaahinta bulshada ayaa hoos u dhigtay awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu qaabeeyo dhacdooyinka oo la xidhiidha hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid mugga macluumaadka khaldan ee Twitter. Bishii Feebaraayo 2022, waxa uu bilaabay bar-kulanka bulshada ee Truth Social halkaas oo uu ku soo jiitay qayb ka mid ah Twitterkiisa. Elon Musk , ka dib markii uu helay Twitter , wuxuu dib u soo celiyay akoonkiisa Twitter bishii Noofambar 2022. Mamnuucidda labada sano ee Meta Platforms ayaa dhacay Janaayo 2023, taas oo u ogolaatay inuu ku laabto Facebook iyo Instagram. ===Xiriirka saxaafadda=== [[File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg|thumb|Isagoo saxaafadda la hadlaya, March 2017]] Trump waxa uu raadiyay dareenka warbaahinta intii uu ku jiray xirfadiisa, isaga oo ilaalinaya xidhiidhka "jacaylka iyo nacaybka" ee uu la leeyahay saxaafadda. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ka faa'iideystey qaddarka rikoorka ah ee warbaahinta xorta ah, oo lagu qiyaasay $ 2 bilyan. Musharrax ahaan iyo madaxweyne ahaan, wuxuu si joogta ah ugu eedeeyay saxaafadda eexda, isaga oo ku tilmaamay "warbaahinta wararka been abuurka ah" iyo " cadowga dadka ". Madaxtinimadii ugu horreysay ee Trump ayaa hoos u dhigtay war-bixinnada rasmiga ah ee saxaafadda ee boqolkii 2017 ilaa kala badh taas 2018 iyo laba 2019; waxa ay sidoo kale kala noqdeen sharcigii saxaafadeed ee laba wariye oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo ay maxkamaduhu dib u soo celiyeen. Trump's 2020 ol'olihii madaxtinimo wuxuu dacweeyay New York Times , Washington Post , iyo CNN ka dib markii uu aflagaadeeyay qaybo ra'yi ah oo ku saabsan mawqifkiisa faragelinta doorashada Ruushka. Dhammaan dacwadihii waa la diiday. Sannadkii 2024, Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u muujiyay taageerada uu ku mamnuucayo diidmada siyaasadeed iyo dhaleeceynta, wuxuuna sheegay in weriyeyaasha waa in lagu dacweeyaa si aanay u sheegin ilo qarsoodi ah iyo shirkadaha warbaahintu waa inay suurtogal tahay inay lumiyaan shatiyadooda baahinta wararka aan fiicnayn ee isaga. Markii dib loo doortay, Trump wuxuu bilaabay dacwooyin wuxuuna abuuray liis madow oo ka dhan ah warbaahinta qaar, wuxuuna la wareegay nidaamka ay wadaan ururka saxafiyiinta Aqalka Cad si uu u doorto xarumaha ay galaangal u leeyihiin. Halkii loo hoggaansami lahaa amarka maxkamadda ee lagu soo celin lahaa gelitaanka Associated Press , Aqalka Cad wuxuu sameeyay siyaasad xaddidan oo la heli karo dhammaan adeegyada siligga. Guddiga Isgaarsiinta Federaalka ayaa bilaabay baaritaanno lagu sameeyo xarumaha warbaahinta ee lagu eedeeyay eex isaga ka dhan ah. Natiijadii hanjabaadda Trump, madaxda warbaahinta waxay ku amreen saxafiyiinta iyo shaqaalahooda inay is-faafreebaan oo ay yareeyaan dhaleeceynta Trump, iyo CBS waxay isku raaceen inay abuuraan Ombudsman si ay ula socdaan kanaalada wararka si ay xididdada ugu siibaan "eex" CBS News. Bishii Luulyo 2025, wuxuu dacweeyay wargeyska Wall Street Journal daabacaadda sheeko la xiriirta saaxiibtinimadiisii ​​hore ee dembiilaha galmada ee Jeffrey Epstein , taasoo calaamad u ah markii ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne fadhiya uu dacweeyo urur warbaahineed eedeymo sumcad dil ah. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== ===Qoyska=== 1977, Trump wuxuu guursaday Ivana Zelníčková . Waxay lahaayeen saddex carruur ah: Donald Jr. (b. 1977), Ivanka (b. 1981), iyo Eric (b. 1984). Lammaanaha ayaa is furay 1990-kii, ka dib markii uu xiriir la yeeshay moodelka iyo atariishada Marla Maples . Isaga iyo Maples waxay guursadeen 1993 waxayna is fureen 1999. Waxay leeyihiin hal gabadh, Tiffany (b. 1993), oo Maples ku kortay California. Sannadkii 2005, wuxuu guursaday moodelka Slovenia Melania Knauss . Waxay leeyihiin hal wiil, Barron (b. 2006). ===Xiriirka Jeffrey Epstein=== Trump waxa uu saaxiibtimo 15 sano ah la lahaa Jeffrey Epstein ; Dadkii markaas yaqaannay waxay sheegeen inay si joogta ah u garaaci jireen oo ay u tartami jireen dumarka. Dareenka warbaahinta iyo cadaadiska dadweynaha ayaa kordhay 2025, markii maamulkiisu uusan sii dayn faylasha la xidhiidha Epstein , inkastoo Trump uu ballanqaaday inuu sidaas samaynayo intii lagu jiray ololaha 2024. ===Caafimaadka=== Trump waxa uu sheegay in aanu waligii cabbin khamri, sigaar cabin, ama aanu isticmaalin daroogo. Wuxuu seexdaa qiyaastii afar ama shan saacadood habeenkii. Waxa uu golfing ugu yeedhay "qaabka jimicsiga aasaasiga ah", laakiin inta badan ma socdo koorsada. Wuxuu u arkaa jimicsigu inuu yahay tamar tamar sababtoo ah wuxuu aaminsan yahay in jirku yahay "sida batteriga oo kale, oo leh qadar xaddidan oo tamar ah", kaas oo lagu dhammeeyo jimicsiga. Sannadkii 2015, ololahiisu wuxuu sii daayay warqad ka timid dhakhtarkiisii ​​gaarka ahaa ee Harold Bornstein , isagoo sheegay inuu " noqon doono shakhsiga ugu caafimaadka badan ee abid loo doorto madaxweynaha". Sannadkii 2018, Bornstein wuxuu sheegay in Trump uu amar ku bixiyay nuxurka warqadda iyo in saddex ka mid ah wakiillada Trump ay qabsadeen diiwaankiisa caafimaad bishii Febraayo 2017 ee xafiiska Bornstein. ===Diinta=== Trump wuxuu sheegay 2016 inuu ahaa Presbyterian iyo Protestant . Sannadkii 2020, wuxuu sheegay inuu yahay Masiixi aan diin-nabi ahayn . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar badan ayaa su'aal ka keenay qoto dheeraanta xiriirka diimeed. Baadhitaan la sameeyay intii lagu guda jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee Trump (2017-2021) ayaa muujisay in boqolkiiba 63 dadka Maraykanku aanay rumaysnayn in uu diin yahay, inkasta oo uu aaminsan yahay in uu Masiixi yahay, boqolkiiba 44 oo keliya dadka Maraykanka ah ayaa aaminsan in Trump uu yahay Masiixi. Qaar ka mid ah faallooyinka Trump ee Kitaabka Qudduuska ah ama dhaqanka Masiixiga ayaa horseeday in dadka indha indheeya ay soo jeediyaan in aqoonta uu u leeyahay Masiixiyadda ay tahay mid maqaar-saar ah ama khalad ah, qaar yar oo taariikh-nololeed ah ayaa ku tilmaamay Trump mid qoto dheer ama xitaa diineed. Waqtigiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu u magacaabay wadaadkiisa gaarka ah iyo lataliyaha ruuxiga ah, milyaneer teleefaanjiste Paula White-Cain , Xafiiska Xiriirka Dadweynaha ee Aqalka Cad . Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad, wuxuu u magacaabay lataliyeheeda sare Xafiiska cusub ee rumaysadka ee Aqalka Cad . ==Qiimaynta== ===Sawirka dadweynaha=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee Trump, laga bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2020, qiimeynta oggolaanshaha caalamiga ah ee hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos uga dhacday 22 boqolkiiba ra'yi ururin Gallup ee 134 waddan ilaa 16 boqolkiiba - oo ka hooseeya Shiinaha Xi Jinping iyo Vladimir Putin ee Ruushka - ee Pew Research ra'yi ee 13 waddan. Sannadka 2017, qiyaasta hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos u dhacday inta badan xulafada. Gudaha, xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu lahaa taageerada ugu weyn ee xisbiyada: 88 boqolkiiba Jamhuuriga iyo 7 boqolkiiba Dimuqraadiyiinta. Codbixintii Gallup ee 2021, wuxuu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan waligii gaadhin 50 boqolkiiba oggolaanshaha, wuxuuna ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aan la magacaabin ee loogu riyaaqay sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska. Muddadii labaad ee rubuciisii ​​​​hore sida uu qabo Gallup, oggolaanshaha Trump wuxuu ahaa 45 boqolkiiba - xoogaa ka wanaagsan xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, oo aad uga hooseeya celceliska boqolkiiba 60 ee madaxweynayaasha kale. Taageeradu waxa ay ahaan jirtay mid aan kala fogayn; Waxa uu helay oggolaanshaha boqolkiiba 90 ee Jamhuuriga, 37 boqolkiiba madax-bannaanida, iyo boqolkiiba 4 ee Dimuqraadiyiinta. Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad wuxuu sidoo kale arkay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid ra'yiga dadweynaha caalamiga ah ee Maraykanka ===Qiimaynta cilmiga=== Ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee Trump, taariikhyahanadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen Trump inuu yahay madaxweynihii afraad ee ugu xumaa sahanka C-SPAN ee 2021 ee taariikhyahannada madaxtooyada. Waxa uu ku qiimeeyay kuwa ugu hooseeya qaybaha sifooyinka hogaaminta ee awooda akhlaaqda iyo xirfadaha maamulka. Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Siena College 's 2022 sahanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay kan saddexaad. Waxa uu ku jiray kaalmaha ugu hooseeya dhammaan qaybaha marka laga reebo nasiibka, rabitaanka khatarta, iyo hoggaanka xisbiga, waxaanu ka galay kaalinta ugu dambeeya dhowr qaybood. 2018 iyo 2024, xubno ka tirsan Ururka Sayniska Siyaasadda Mareykanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay madaxweynaha ugu xun. ==Xusuusin== a:Bilowgii markii Trump uu saddex sano jirsaday, aabbihii waxa uu siin jiray mid kasta oo carruurtiisa ka mid ah $6,000 sannadkii, lacagta ugu badan ee la oggol yahay iyada oo aan la gelin cashuur hadiyadeed. Si looga fogaado cashuuraha, Fred waxa uu ka dhigay mulkiilayaal laba ka mid ah dhismooyinkiisa guri, isaga oo bixinaya midkiiba $13,928 kirada sannad kasta b:Later , 2015, wuxuu ugu hanjabay dugsigiisa sare, kulliyadaha, iyo Guddiga Kulliyadda tallaabo sharci ah haddii ay sii daayaan diiwaankiisa waxbarasho. C:UPenn's 1968 barnaamijka bilawga ah wuxuu ku taxayaa Trump inuu helay shahaadada koowaad ee Sayniska ee Dhaqaalaha oo aan ahayn qaataha Sharafta Tacliinta d:Kadib Trump waxa uu ku dayan doonaa Peale's Awooda Fikirka Toosan ee Farshaxanka Heshiiska e:Doorashada madaxweynahaee Maraykanka waxaa go'aamiya kulliyadda doorashada Gobol kastaa wuxuu magacaabayaa tiro codbixiyeyaal ah oo la mid ah matalaadda Congress-ka iyo (gobollada intooda badan) dhammaan cod-bixiyayaashu waxay u codeeyaan cidda ku guulaysata codbixinta caanka ah ee gobolkooda. f:Madaxweyne Jamhuuri ah oo ay weheliyaan Jamhuuriga gacanta ku haysa labada gole ee Congress-ka g:CBS kama helin wax diiwaan ah oo dambi ah 75% dadka Venezuela ee la xiray. h: 2025, Pew Research waxay ogaatay dad ku nool dalal badan (12 ka mid ah 20 iyo 4 xiriir) waxay u arkeen Shiinaha inuu yahay dhaqaalaha ugu horreeya adduunka. ==Tixraac== [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html "Michael Cohen ayaa sheegay in Trump uu u sheegay in uu ugu hanjabay iskuulada in aysan sii deynin darajooyinka"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/politics/donald-trump-roy-cohn.html "Muxuu Donald Trump Ka Bartay Ninka Gacanta Midig Ee Joseph McCarthy] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo Kharashka Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka: Addenda et Corrigenda] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo sida Burburiyaha Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka] [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/donald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship "Sidee Donald Trump iyo Roy Cohn's arxan la'aanta Symbiosis u beddeshay Ameerika"] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/jun/21/hillary-clinton/yep-donald-trumps-companies-have-declared-bankrupt/ "Haa, shirkadaha Donald Trump waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay kiciyeen...in ka badan afar jeer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html "Trump waxa uu ku hawlanaa qorshayaal cashuureed oo laga shakisan yahay isaga oo ka guranaya maalkii Aabihiis"] [https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel "Taariikhda dabaylaha ah ee mashruucii ugu horeeyey ee hantida maguurtada ah ee Manhattan ee Donald Trump"] {{Wayback|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel |date=20211009191253 }} [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father "Sheekada beenta ah ee Trump wuxuu ku dhisay boqortooyadiisa 'amaah yar' oo uu ka helay aabihiis"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html "Trump, New Yorker inta nool, wuxuu naftiisa ku dhawaaqay inuu yahay degane Florida"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html "Trump's Plaza Hotel Planruptcy Plan waa la ansixiyay"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html "Trump waxa uu ka iibinayaa Hotel Plaza maalgashadayaasha Sucuudiga iyo Aasiya"] [https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-irs-audit-chicago-hotel-taxes "Hanti-dhawrka IRS ee Trump wuxuu ku kacayaa kharash ka badan 100 milyan oo doolar" Madaxweynihii hore] [https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ "Xaqiiqda ku saabsan kor u kaca iyo dhicitaanka Donald Trump ee Boqortooyada Atlantic City"] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ "Markii Afraad ee Soojiidashada: Sida Donald Trump Uga Sameeyey Fasaxa Isaga] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html "Wax kasta oo ku dhacay qoorta Trump? Way dhammaatay. Sidoo kale waa inta badan boqortooyadii ganacsiga ee Trump"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Toban sano oo Casaanka ah: Tirooyinka Canshuurta ee Trump ayaa muujinaya in ka badan $ 1 bilyan oo khasaare ganacsi ah"] [https://cnn.com/2016/08/22/politics/donald-trump-activist-investor/ "Xilligii Gordon Gekko: Donald Trump ee faa'iidada iyo wakhtiga muranka badan ee maal-galiye firfircoon"] [https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think "Waa maxay sababta uu Donald Trump u leeyahay xiddiga caanka ah ee caanka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee? Ma aha sababta aad u maleyneyso "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-donald-trump-retooled-his-charity-to-spend-other-peoples-money/2016/09/10/da8cce64-75df-11e6-8149-b8d05321db62_story.html "Sida Donald Trump uu dib ugu habeeyey hay'addiisa samafalka si uu u isticmaalo lacagta dadka kale"] [https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/18/media/vince-mcmahon-donald-trump-payments/index.html "Baaritaanno lagu sameeyay lacag-bixinnada xannibaadda ee Vince McMahon ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay soo saareen deeqaha samafalka ee Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html "Trump Foundation waxay amartay inay joojiso lacag ururinta xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee NY"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest "Donald Trump si uu u kala diro aasaaskiisa samafalka ka dib markii ay sii kordhayaan cabashooyinka"] [https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 "Madaxweyne Donald Trump waxa uu amray in uu bixiyo $2M si loo ururiyo hay'adaha aan macaash doonka ahayn taas oo qayb ka ah dacwadda madaniga ah"] [https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12 "Taariikhda dheer ee Trump ee Deutsche Bank waxay hadda noqon kartaa xarunta baaritaanka Robert Mueller"] [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christophermassie/theres-hours-of-audio-of-donald-trumps-nationally-syndicated "Waxaa jira saacado maqal ah oo ah Bandhigga Raadiyaha Qaranka ee Donald Trump's Syndicated 2000-meeyadii"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ "Sida warbaahinta muxaafidka ahi ula wareegayso xisbiga Jamhuuriga"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/02/04/trump-resigns-screen-actors-guild/ "Iyadoo uu wajahayo cayrinta, Trump wuxuu iska casilayaa xubinnimada jilayaasha shaashadda: 'Waxba iima aadan sameynin'] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ "Bush wuxuu yidhi Trump wuxuu ahaa Dimuqraadi in ka badan Jamhuuriga" tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay'] [https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/donald-trump-was-once-a-registered-democrat-and-party-donor-why-did-he-jump-ship/wj85mj5yq "Donald Trump mar wuxuu ahaa deeq bixiye dimuqraadi ah iyo xisbi, haddaba muxuu markabka u booday?"] [https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/ "Donald Trump wuxuu u tartamay madaxweyne sannadkii 2000 dhowr xisbi oo dib u habayn ah] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race "Donald Trump wuxuu ku guuldarreystay inuu ka baxo tartanka doorashada madaxtinimada Mareykanka ee 2012"] [https://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489476187/trump-s-second-amendment-comment-fit-a-pattern-of-ambiguous-speech "Khudbada muranka badan dhalisay ee Donald Trump inta badan way socotaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/ "Su'aalaha Trump wuxuu u baahan yahay NATO, wuxuu qeexayaa siyaasadda dibadda ee aan dhexdhexaad ahayn"] [https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ "Donald Trump wuxuu jebiyey taariikhda dhow isagoo aan soo celin canshuur celinta"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Donald Trump Waxa Uu Qiray In Aanu Bixin Cashuuraha Dakhliga Dowladda Dhexe Muddo Sanado Ah"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html "Tiro taariikhi ah oo codbixiyeyaal ah ayaa xumaaday, waxaana intooda badan loo malaynayaa inay u codeeyaan Clinton"] [https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ "Guusha Trump tusaale kale oo ku saabsan sida Kuliyada Doorashada ay u guuleysato ayaa ka weyn codadka dadweynaha"] [https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience "Donald Trump wuxuu noqon doonaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee Maraykanka ee aan lahayn khibrad siyaasadeed iyo mid milatari"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html "Dacwad ku saabsan xadgudubyada Emoluments Trump waxay kasbatay soo jiidashada maxkamadda"] [https://cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/emoluments-supreme-court-donald-trump-case/ "Maxkamadda sare waxay meesha ka saartay kiisas ka dhan ah Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-donation-salary-white-house/2021/07/29/07723234-efd9-11eb-bf80-e3877d9c5f06_story.html "Trump ma raacay ballan qaadkiisii ​​ahaa in uu ku deeqayo 6-dii bilood ee ugu dambeysay mushaarkiisa madaxtinimo? Waa wax qarsoon"] [https://www.citizensforethics.org/reports-investigations/crew-reports/trump-likely-benefited-from-13-6-million-in-payments-from-foreign-governments-during-his-presidency "Trump waxay u badan tahay inuu ka faa'iidey $13.6 milyan oo ay bixiyeen dowlado shisheeye intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/08/trump-jobs-record/ "Trump wuxuu lahaan doonaa rikoodhkii ugu xumaa ee shaqooyinka taariikhda casriga ah ee Maraykanka. Kaliya maaha masiibada"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html "Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka 2017-kii inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Moscow ee doorashada Mareykanka"] [https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ "Xidhiidh badan oo badan, badan, badan, xiriir badan ayuu Donald Trump la leeyahay Ruushka"] {{Wayback|url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |date=20170228022233 }} [https://www.9news.com.au/world/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-investigation-started-with-alexander-downer-interview/16121e23-bdfc-4f32-9822-e4a7f841e3e4 "Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah: Baadhitaanka Trump ee Ruushka ayaa ka bilaabmay waraysiga Alexander Downer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/us/politics/trump-russia-justice-department.html "Xafiiska Cadaaladda. Weligaa si buuxda uma baarin xiriirka Trump ee Ruushka, saraakiishii hore ayaa yiri "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/30/trump-briefly-acknowledges-that-russia-aided-his-election-falsely-says-he-didnt-help-effort/ "Trump wuxuu si kooban u qirayaa in Ruushku gacan ka geystay doorashadiisa - wuxuuna si been abuur ah u sheegay inuusan gacan ka geysan dadaalka"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/328637/last-trump-job-approval-average-record-low.aspx "Oggolaanshaha shaqada ee Trump ee u dambeeyay 34%; Celceliska waa Rikoor-hoosee 41%"] [https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ "Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee la doortay ee Maraykanka oo aan loo magacaabin ninka loogu jecel yahay Maraykanka sannadkiisii ​​ugu horeeyay"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/655955/trump-inaugural-approval-rating-historically-low-again.aspx "Qiimaynta Ansixinta Daahfurka ee Trump waa mid taariikhiyan mar kale hooseysa"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/11/opinion-of-us-has-worsened-in-countries-around-world-in-last-year-survey-shows "Fikirka Mareykanka ayaa ka sii daray dalalka adduunka sannadkii hore, sahan ayaa muujinaya"] [https://www.c-span.org/presidentsurvey2021/ "Sahaminta Taariikhyahanada Madaxweynaha 2021"b] [https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/trump-cspan-president-ranking-497184 "Trump wuxuu ku soo baxay kaalinta 41-aad ee qiimeynta madaxtinimo ee C-SPAN"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/06/30/presidential-rankings-2021-cspan-historians/ "Taariikhyahanadu waxay kaliya doorteen madaxweynayaasha. Trump ma ahayn kii ugu dambeeyay"] [https://scri.siena.edu/2022/06/22/american-presidents-greatest-and-worst/ "Madaxweynayaasha Mareykanka: kan ugu weyn uguna xun"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/19/opinion/how-does-trump-stack-up-against-the-best-and-worst-presidents.html "Fikirka: Sidee buu Trump uga soo horjeedaa kuwa ugu fiican - iyo kan ugu xun - madaxweynayaasha?"] [https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1232447088/historians-presidents-survey-trump-last-biden-14th "Sahanka maalinta madaxweynayaasha taariikhyahanada, Biden vs. Trump maaha wicitaan dhow"]{{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] gpudea9bbj87cp6pjxhhow1pjm5l1iz 299720 299719 2026-06-27T09:20:41Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Madaxweynaha labaad (2025- hadda) */ Fixed grammar 299720 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald John Trump''' (wuxuu dhashay [[Juun]] [[14]], 1946) waa siyaasi [[Mareykan]] ah, shaqsi warbaahin ah, iyo ganacsade ah madaxweynaha 47-aad ee Mareykanka . Xubin ka tirsan Xisbiga Jamhuuriga , wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynihii [[45]]-aad ee [[2017]] ilaa 2021. {{Infobox officeholder | image = Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. THIS IS the new official portrait. See the talk page. --> | alt = Sawirka rasmiga ah ee Madaxweynaha 2025, Donald Trump, oo ah nin caddaan ah oo da’ ah, timo huruud khafiif ah leh, xirta surwaal iyo jaakad buluug ah oo leh surwaal laabta ah, taagan hortiisa calanka Maraykanka. | caption = Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2025. | order = 45aad & 47aad <!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] Waxay lahayd isfaham daciif ah oo lagu sii hayo xaaladda hadda jirta (ma jiro xiriir/ilaha lagu tixraaco).--> | office = Madaxweynaha Maraykanka | vicepresident = [[JD Vance]] | term_start = January 20, 2025 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Joe Biden]] | successor = | vicepresident1 = [[Mike Pence]] | term_start1 = January 20, 2017 | term_end1 = January 20, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Barack Obama]] | successor1 = Joe Biden | birth_name = Donald John Trump | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}} | birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]], U.S. | death_place = | party = [[Xisbiga Jamhuuriga (Mareykanka)|Jamhuuriyaan]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–Hadda) | otherparty = {{ubl | [[Xisbiga Dib-u-habaynta ee Mareykanka|Dib-u-habayn]] (1999–2001) | [[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga (Mareykanka)|Dimuqraadiga]] (2001–2009) | [[Siyaasi madax banaan|Madax banaan]] (2011–2012)}} | spouse = {{ubl | {{marriage|[[Ivana Trump|Ivana Zelníčková]]|1977|1990|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|1993|1999|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]]|2005}} }} | children = {{hlist | [[Donald Trump Jr. |Donald Jr.]] | [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] | [[Eric Trump|Eric]] | [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] | Barron }} | parents = {{ubl | [[Fred Trump]] | [[Mary Anne MacLeod]]}} | relatives = [[Qoyska Trump]] | education = [[Jaamacadda Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Shahaadada Sayniska|BS]]) | occupation = {{hlist | Siyaasi | Ganacsade | Shaqsiga warbaahinta }} | residence = [[Aqalka Cad]] | awards = | signature = Donald Trump (Presidential signature).svg | signature_alt = Saxeexa Donald J. Trump oo qaab farshaxan leh, lagu qoray khad. | website = {{ubl | {{URL|donaldjtrump.com|Campaign website}} | {{URL|trumplibrary.gov|Presidential library}} | {{URL|whitehouse.gov|White House website}} | {{URL|trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov|White House archives}} }} | module = {{Listen voice | filename = Donald Trump speaks on declaration of Covid-19 as a Global Pandemic by the World Health Organization.ogg | description = Trump oo ka hadlay bayaanka [[Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka|Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka]] [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 oo ah cudur faafa caalami ah]] | recorded = Maarso 11, 2020 }} }} Waxa uu ka dhashay qoys qani ah oo ku nool magaalada New York, Trump waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay jaamacadda Pennsylvania [[1968]]-dii isaga oo shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaatay cilmiga dhaqaalaha. Waxa uu noqday madaxweynaha ganacsiga hantida ma-guurtada ah ee qoyskiisa 1971-kii, waxa uu u bixiyay ururka Trump , waxa uuna bilaabay in uu helo oo dhiso dhismayaal dhaadheer, hoteello, casinos, iyo koorsooyin golf. Waxa uu bilaabay ganacsiyo dhinac ah, qaar badan oo shati siinaya magaca Trump, waxana uu xareeyay lix shil oo ganacsi 1990-meeyadii iyo 2000-meeyadii. Laga soo bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2015, wuxuu martigeliyay bandhigga telefishanka dhabta ah ee Tababbarka , isagoo xoojiyay caannimadiisa bilyaneer. Isaga oo isu soo bandhigaya siyaasad dibadda ka ah, Trump ayaa ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016-kii oo uu kula tartamay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary klinton . Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu soo rogay xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah toddobo waddan oo Muslimiin u badan, wuxuu ballaariyay darbiga xuduudka Mexico iyo Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaqan geliyey siyaasadda kala fogeynta qoyska ee xadka. Waxa uu dib u rogay xeerarkii deegaanka iyo ganacsiga, waxa uu saxeexay cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada , waxaanu magacaabay saddex garsoore oo Maxkamadda Sare ah. Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, Trump wuxuu ka saaray Mareykanka heshiisyada cimilada, ganacsiga iyo barnaamijka Nukliyeerka Iran, wuxuuna bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo uu la galo Shiinaha . Isaga oo ka jawaabaya masiibada COVID-19 laga soo bilaabo 2020, wuxuu hoos u dhigay darnaantiisa, wuxuu khilaafay saraakiisha caafimaadka, wuxuuna saxiixay Sharciga CARES . Ka dib markii uu lumiyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2020 ee Joe Biden , Trump wuxuu isku dayay inuu baabi'iyo natiijada , isagoo ku dhamaaday weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol 2021. Waxaa lagu riday 2019 ku takrifal awood iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka, iyo 2021 kicin kicin; guurtidu way ku wayday labada jeerba. 2023, Trump waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay kiisaska madaniga ah ee xadgudubka galmada ( Faylasha Epstein )iyo sumcad-dilista iyo khiyaanada ganacsiga . Waxaa lagu helay dambi ah inuu ka been abuuray diiwaannada ganacsiga 2024, taasoo ka dhigtay inuu noqdo madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Mareykan ah oo lagu helo dambi. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2024 ee Kamala Harris , waxaa lagu xukumay siidayn ciqaab la'aan ah , iyo laba eedeymo dambiile ah oo ka dhan ah haynta dukumentiyada sirta ah iyo carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 ayaa la eryay iyada oo aan eex lahayn. Kiis rafaad ah oo la xidhiidha doorashada 2020 ee Joorjiya waa la sugayaa. Trump wuxuu bilaabay madaxweynanimadiisii ​​labaad isagoo bilaabay shaqo ka cayrin ballaaran oo lagu sameeyay shaqaalaha federaalka . Wuxuu ku soo rogay canshuuraha ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan wadamada heerka ugu sarreeya tan iyo diiqada weyn wuxuuna saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Tallaabooyinka maamulkiisa - oo ay ku jiraan cabsi gelinta mucaaradka siyaasadeed iyo bulshada rayidka ah , masaafurinta soogalootiga, beegsiga dadka jinsiga ah, iyo isticmaalka ballaaran ee amarada fulinta - waxay soo saareen in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo ka soo horjeeda sharcinimadooda . Kiisaska caanka ah waxay hoosta ka xariiqeen tafsiirkiisa ballaadhan ee aragtida fulinta ee midaysan waxayna keentay khilaaf weyn oo lala galo maxkamadaha federaalka. Garsoorayaasha ayaa wax badan oo ka mid ah maamulkiisa ku tilmaamay kuwo sharci darro ah, waxaana dhowr jeer lagu tilmaamay kuwo aan sharciga waafaqsanayn. Laga soo bilaabo 2015, qaabka hoggaamineed ee Trump iyo ajandihiisa siyaasadeed - oo inta badan loo yaqaan Trumpism - ayaa wax ka beddelay aqoonsiga xisbiga Jamhuuriga. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinkiisa iyo ficilladiisa ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsuri ama caqli-xumo, wuxuuna sameeyay hadallo been abuur ah ama marin-habaabin ah wuxuuna kor u qaaday aragtiyaha shirqoolka heer aan horay looga baran siyaasadda Mareykanka. Tallaabooyinka Trump, gaar ahaan markiisa labaad, ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay ahaayeen kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geystay dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ka dib, aqoonyahanno iyo taariikhyahannadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen inuu yahay mid ka mid ah madaxweynayaashii ugu xumaa taariikhda Mareykanka Eedayno badana Waxa Loogu Soo jeediyay Dagaalkii Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan Iyo Difaaciisi Israa'iil iyo Carabta Bariga dhexe . ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== [[File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg|thumb|Akadeemiyada Militariga ee New York , 1964]] Donald John Trump waxa uu ku dhashay June 14, 1946, waxa uu ku dhashay cisbitaalka Jamaica ee ku yaala degmada New York ee degmada Queens , waana ilmihii afraad ee Fred Trump iyo Mary Anne MacLeod Trump . Waa Jarmal iyo Iskotish. Wuxuu ku koray walaalihiis ka weyn, Maryanne , Fred Jr. , iyo Elizabeth, iyo walaalkiis ka yar, Robert , oo ku yaal guri 23-qol ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Jamaica Estates ee Queens. Fred Trump wuxuu caruurtiisa siin jiray midkiiba $20,000 sanadkii, una dhiganta $265,000 sanadkii 2024. Trump wuxuu ahaa milyaneer doolarka sicir-bararka lagu hagaajiyay markuu siddeed jir ahaa. Trump wuxuu dhiganayay dugsiga gaarka loo leeyahay ee Kew-Forest ilaa fasalka toddobaad. Wuxuu ahaa ilmo dhib badan, wuxuuna muujiyay xiisaha hore ee ganacsiga aabihiis. Aabihii waxa uu ka diwaan galiyay New York Military Academy , dugsi boodhin ah oo gaar loo leeyahay, si uu u dhamaysto dugsiga sare. Akadeemiyadda ayaa ku riixday ardayda ciyaaraha isboortiga. waxayna bareen muhiimada guusha. Dugsigii sare, darajooyinkiisu way fiicnaadeen ilaa celceliska B. Trump wuxuu tixgeliyey xirfad ganacsi oo muujinaya, laakiin halkii, si uu ugu dhawaado guriga, wuxuu iska diiwaan geliyay Jaamacadda Fordham 1964. Waxa uu ka qaybqaatay barnaamijka Tababarka Saraakiisha Kaydka ah intii lagu jiray sannadkiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, isagoo dhiganayay fasallo ku labisan dharka ciidamada Arbacada kasta, laakiin wuxuu tuuray sannadkiisii ​​labaad. Wuxuu tuuray kubbadda cagta seddex ama afar usbuuc ka dib wuxuuna ahaa kubbadda cagta dhexdhexaad ah iyo ciyaartoy tennis ah. Asxaabtiisa Fordham waxay ku bareen golf. Sannadkiisii ​​yaraa, wuxuu u wareegay Dugsiga Wharton ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania , inta badan wuxuu u safri jiray xafiiska aabbihiis maalmaha fasaxa ah, wuxuuna ka qalin jabiyay Maajo 1968 oo uu ka qaatay shahaadada Sayniska ee dhaqaalaha. Kulliyadda ma ahayn ardaygii ugu sarreeyay ee uu mararka qaarkood sheegan jiray. Waqtigii uu aaday Wharton-halkaas oo uusan ka muuqan liiska kuwa hela abaalmarinta - wuxuu isha ku hayay xirfad ku taal hantida maguurtada ah. Waxa laga reebay qabyo-qoraalka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Vietnam sababtoo ah sheegashada lafaha cidhibtiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee shan sano oo uu ku jiray dugsiga milatariga, wax dan ah uma lahayn inuu dagaal galo. Koritaanka, wuxuu tixgeliyey aabbihiis iyo wadaadka qoyska, Norman Vincent Peale , inuu noqdo lataliyeyaashiisa. Aabihiis wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu yahay "boqor" iyo inuu yahay "dilaaye". Peale wuxuu ku wacdiyey isku kalsoonida sida dhiirigelinta barwaaqada. ==Xirfad ganacsi== ===Hanti ma guurto ah=== Laga bilaabo 1968, Trump waxa uu ka shaqaaleysiiyay Maareynta Trump, shirkadda aabbihiis ee hantida maguurtada ah, taas oo maamusha dhismayaasha dabaqyada dhexe ee Fred uu ka dhisay Queens , Staten Island , iyo Brooklyn . Hawlihiisa ugu muhiimsan waxay ahaayeen ururinta kirada iyo hagaajinta ilaa shan sano. Isagoo soo jiidasho leh iyo qaninimadiisa, Trump wuxuu ka codsaday aabihiis inuu ku ballaariyo Manhattan halkaas oo qiimihiisu sarreeyo, laakiin aabihiis ayaa ku qanacsanaa xaafadaha dibadda. 1971, wuxuu u guuray Manhattan halkaas oo uu qorsheeyay inuu u guuro ganacsiga wuxuuna u socdaalay xafiiska aabihiis. Sannadkaas, aabihiis wuxuu naftiisa ka dhigay guddoomiye iyo madaxweyne Trump, isaga oo kormeeraya 48 shirkadood oo gaar ah iyo 15 iskaashiga qoyska. Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ururka Trump u isticmaalo dalad ahaan magacyada shirkadaha ganacsi ee aabihiis. Roy Cohn , saamaynta hore ee Trump ee ugu muhiimsan aabihiis ka dib, wuxuu ahaa hagaajintiisa , qareenka, iyo lataliye. sannadihii 13 ee 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii. Cohn wuxuu baray Trump inuu u maleeyo in noloshu tahay macaamil ganacsi. 1973, Cohn wuxuu ka caawiyay Trump inuu ka soo horjeesto dawladda Mareykanka $ 100 milyan (oo u dhiganta $ 708 milyan 2024. eedeymaha ah in guryaha Trump ay takooreen codsadeyaasha madow iyo kireystayaasha. Eedihii Trump waa la laalay, waxaana kiiskii dawladda lagu dhameeyey Trumps oo saxeexay amar oggolaansho oo oggolaaday in meesha laga saaro. Afar sano ka dib, Trumps ayaa mar kale wajahay maxkamadaha markii lagu helay inay diidaan wareegtada. Caawinta mashaariicda Trump, Cohn wuxuu ahaa consigliere kaas oo isku xirka Mafia ay gacanta ku hayaan ururrada dhismaha. Sannadkii 1979-kii, Cohn wuxuu Trump u soo bandhigay la-taliyaha siyaasadda Roger Stone , kaasoo qoray adeegyada Stone si uu ula macaamilo dowladda federaalka. Trump waxa uu ka guuray istuudiyaha isaga oo u guuray guri guri leh oo aragti ah waxa uuna helay shatiga dilaalnimada guryaha bartamihii 1970-meeyadii. Kahor da'da soddon sano, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaankiisa dacwadda, iyada oo aan loo eegin natiijada iyo kharashka; xitaa markii laga badiyay, wuxuu kiiska ku tilmaamay guul. In ka badan soddon sano laga soo bilaabo 2018, Trump wuxuu ku lug lahaa in ka badan 4,000 oo dacwado ah, deymo, iyo faylalyo kale, oo inta badan loo xareeyay lacag la'aan isaga oo ka soo horjeeda shaqaalaha, qandaraaslayaasha, dilaaliinta guryaha, iyo qareenadiisa. Intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009 , Trump wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix ka mid ah ganacsigiisa: Plaza Hotel ee Manhattan, casinos ee Atlantic City, New Jersey , iyo Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts company. Sannadkii 1992, Trump, walaalihiis Maryanne, Elizabeth, iyo Robert, iyo ina-adeerkiis John W. Walter waxay samaysteen All County Building Supply & Maintenance Corp, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay 20 boqolkiiba. Shirkaddu ma lahayn xafiisyo waxaana lagu eedeeyay inay ahayd shirkad qolof ah oo bixisa bixinta adeegyada iyo saadka guryaha kiraynta Trump, ka dibna biilasha adeegyadaas iyo sahayda Maamulka Trump u dhigma 20-50 boqolkiiba iyo ka badan. Milkiilayaasha ayaa wadaagay dakhliga ka soo xarooday calaamaduhu. Kharashka la kordhiyey waxa loo isticmaalay in lagu helo ogolaanshaha gobolka ee kordhinta kirada unugyadiisa kirada-degan. Bishii Janaayo 1994, walaalaha waxay samaysteen Apartment Management Associates waxayna la wareegeen khidmadaha maaraynta ee ay hore u qaadi jirtay Maamulka Trump. Sidoo kale sicir-bararka kirada, qorshayaasha ayaa u adeegay in lagu wareejiyo hantida Fred Trump caruurtiisa iyo adeerka oo hoos loo dhigo culeyska canshuurta. ===Manhattan iyo Chicago horumarka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_with_model_of_Television_City.jpg|thumb|1985-kii oo wata moodal ka mid ah mashruuciisii ​​horumarinta Manhattan ee la soo riday ]] Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha dadweynaha 1978-dii markii uu bilaabay qoyskisa ganacsigii ugu horreeyay ee Manhattan: dib u cusboonaysiinta hudheelka Commodore ee burburay , oo ku dheggan Grand Central Terminal. Maalgelinta waxa fududeeyey $400 milyan oo cashuur dhimis ah oo hantida magaalada ah oo uu u habeeyey isaga oo uu aabbihiis u habeeyey kaas oo sidoo kale, si wada jir ah ula Hyatt , u dammaanad qaaday $70 milyan amaah dhismaha bangiga ah. Hudheelka ayaa dib loo furay 1980-kii isagoo ah Grand Hyatt Hotel , isla sanadkaas, wuxuu helay xuquuq uu ku horumarinayo Trump Tower , oo ah dhismo isku dhafan oo ku yaal Midtown Manhattan. Dhismuhu wuxuu ku yaalaa xarunta dhexe ee Trump Corporation iyo Trump's PAC wuxuuna ahaa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ilaa 2019. 1988, Trump wuxuu ku iibsaday Plaza Hotel isagoo dayn ka helay shirkado ay leeyihiin 16 bangi. Hudheelka ayaa loo gudbiyay ilaalinta musalsalka 1992, waxaana la ansixiyay qorshe dib-u-habayn bil ka dib, iyadoo bangiyada ay la wareegayaan hantida. Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu iska diiday in ka badan $3 bilyan oo deymo bangi ah, amaah-bixiyayaashuna waxay la wareegeen Hotel Plaza oo ay la socdaan badi hantidiisa kale "dib u habeyn ballaaran oo bahdilaad ah" taasoo u ogolaatay inuu ka fogaado khasaare shakhsi ah. Qareenka hogaanka bangiga ayaa sheegay go'aanka bangiyada in "dhammaan waxay isku raaceen in uu ka nolol fiicnaan lahaa dhimashada". Sannadkii 1996-kii, Trump waxa uu la wareegay oo dib u habayn ku sameeyay dhisme 71 dabaq ah oo inta badan bannaanaa oo ku yaalla 40 Wall Street , oo markii dambe loo beddelay Dhismaha Trump. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, wuxuu ku guuleystay xaqa uu u leeyahay inuu horumariyo dhul 70-acre (28 ha) ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Lincoln Square ee u dhow webiga Hudson. Isagoo ku dhibtoonaya deynta ganacsiyada kale ee 1994, wuxuu ka iibiyay inta badan danihiisa mashruuca maalgashadayaasha Aasiya, kuwaas oo maalgeliyay dhamaystirka mashruuca, Riverside South . Mashruucii ugu dambeeyay ee Trump ee dhismaha wuxuu ahaa 92-dabaq ee isku dhafan ee isticmaalka Trump International Hotel iyo Tower ee Chicago, kaas oo la furay 2008. 2024, The New York Times iyo ProPublica ayaa sheegay in Adeegga Dakhliga Gudaha uu baarayay haddii uu laba jeer qoray khasaaraha soo gaaray iyada oo loo marayo kharashka dhismaha iyo iibinta iibinta guryaha yar ee dib u celinta 8. ===casinos Atlantic magaalada=== [[File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg|thumb|Galitaanka Trump Taj Mahal ee Atlantic magaalada]] 1984, Trump wuxuu Harrah ka furay Trump Plaza , hudheel iyo casino, iyada oo maalgelin iyo caawimo maamul ay ka heshay Shirkadda Holiday . Waxay ahayd mid aan faa'iido lahayn, wuxuuna bixiyay Holiday $ 70 milyan bishii Maajo 1986 si uu keligiis u maamulo.  Sannadkii 1985-kii, waxa uu iibsaday hudheelka Atlantic City Hilton oo aan la furin oo uu u beddelay qalcadda Trump . Labada casinos waxay xareeyeen cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta 1992.  Trump wuxuu iibsaday goobta saddexaad ee Atlantic City 1988, Trump Taj Mahal . Waxaa lagu maalgeliyay $675 milyan oo doollar oo junk bonds ah waxaana lagu dhammeeyey $1.1 bilyan, oo la furay Abriil 1990. Waxa uu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta ee 1991. Sida ku cad qodobbada heshiiska dib-u-qaabaynta, waxa uu ka tanaasulay kala badh saamigiisii ​​hore oo shakhsi ahaan dammaanad qaaday waxqabadka mustaqbalka. Si uu u dhimo $900 milyan ee daynta gaarka ah, waxa uu iibiyay diyaaradda Trump Shuttle ; megayacht, Princess Trump , kaas oo laga kireeyay casinoskiisa oo lagu hayo; iyo ganacsiyo kale.  Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), kaas oo qaatay lahaanshaha Trump Plaza.  THCR waxa ay iibsatay Taj Mahal iyo Qasriga Trump 1996 waxana uu kacay 2004 iyo 2009, isaga oo ka tagay lahaanshaha boqolkiiba 10. Waxa uu ahaa guddoomiyaha ilaa 2009. ===Naadiyada Golf-ka=== Sanadkii 1985, Trump wuxuu la wareegay dhismaha Mar-a-Lago ee Palm Beach, Florida. Sannadkii 1995-kii, wuxuu u beddelay hantidii koox gaar ah oo leh lacag bilaw ah iyo kharashyo sannadle ah. Wuxuu sii waday inuu u isticmaalo baalka guriga sidii guri gaar ah. Waxa uu ku dhawaaqay naadigiisa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ee 2019. Waxa uu bilaabay dhisidda iyo iibsiga koorsooyinka golf- ka 1999-kii, isaga oo haysta 17 koorso golf ah 2016. ===Shati siinta magaca Trump=== Ururka Trump wuxuu inta badan shati u siiyay magaca Trump ee badeecadaha iyo adeegyada macaamiisha, oo ay ku jiraan cuntooyinka, dharka, koorasyada waxbarashada, iyo alaabta guriga. In ka badan 50 heshiisyada shatiga ama maamulka ayaa ku lug lahaa magaca Trump, isaga oo u soo saaray ugu yaraan $59 milyan shirkadihiisa. Sannadkii 2018, kaliya laba shirkadood oo alaabta macaamiisha ah ayaa sii waday inay sii wataan shatiga magaciisa. Intii lagu jiray 2000-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu magaciisa shati u siiyay horumarinta guryaha la dego ee adduunka oo dhan, 40 kuwaas oo aan waligood la dhisin. ===Dhaqdhaqaaqyada dhinaca=== [[File:Donald_Trump_and_Doug_Flutie_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Trump_Tower.jpg|thumb|1985 New Jersey Generals shir jaraa'id ee Trump Tower]] Sannadkii 1970-kii, Trump waxa uu galiyay $70,000 oo hantida aabbihiis ah si uu u helo biilasha isaga oo ka mid ah soo saaraha majaajilada Broadway-waxana uu lumiyay lacagtii. Ka dib markii uu u sameeyay dalabyo kubbadda hoose ee New York Mets iyo kooxihii Cleveland Indians baseball, 1983 ilaa $6 milyan, wuxuu iibsaday New Jersey Generals , koox ka tirsan Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Mareykanka . Horyaalka ayaa isku laabmay ka dib xilli ciyaareedkii 1985, oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku daygiisa inuu u guuro jadwalka dayrta (marka ay la tartami lahayd Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Qaranka ee dhagaystayaasha) iyo isku daygiisii ​​ahaa inuu ku qasbo ku biirista NFL isagoo keenaya suudh liddi ku ah. Trump iyo Hotelkiisa Plaza waxa ay marti galiyeen dhowr ciyaarood oo feerka ah hoolka shirarka ee Atlantic City Convention Hall . 1989 iyo 1990, wuxuu magaciisa ku siiyay tartanka tartanka baaskiilka ee Tour de Trump , isku dayga uu ku abuurayo Maraykan u dhigma jinsiyadaha Yurub sida Tour de France ama Giro d'Italia . Laga soo bilaabo 1986 ilaa 1988, wuxuu iibsaday qaybo badan oo saamiyo ah shirkado kala duwan oo dawladeed isagoo soo jeediyay inuu damacsan yahay inuu la wareego shirkadda kadibna uu iibiyo saamigiisa faa'iido, taasoo keentay in dadka indha indheeya ay u maleynayaan inuu ku hawlan yahay ganacsiga cagaaran .waqtiga New York waxay ogaatay in uu markii hore malaayiin doolar ku sameeyay macaamil ganacsi oo noocaas ah, laakiin "luminaya inta badan, haddii aysan ahayn dhammaan, faa'iidooyinkaas ka dib markii maalgashadayaasha ay joojiyeen in ay si dhab ah u qaataan hadalkiisa". [[File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG|thumb|Xiddiga Trump ee Socodka caanka ah ee Hollywood]] 1988, Trump waxa uu iibsaday Shuttle-ka Diyaaradaha ee Bari , isaga oo ku maal-geliyay iibsiga $380 milyan (oo u dhiganta $1.01 bilyan ee 2024 oo amaah ah oo ka socota bangiyada 22. Waxa uu u beddelay shirkadda duulimaadka ee Trump Shuttle waxana uu ku shaqaynayey ilaa 1992. Waxa uu diiday deymihiisii ​​1991-kii, lahaanshahana waxa uu u gudbay bangiyada. 1996-kii, wuxuu soo iibsaday Miss Universe pageants, oo ay ku jiraan Miss USA iyo Miss Teen USA . Sababtoo ah khilaafyada CBS ee ku saabsan jadwalka, wuxuu u qaaday labada bog ee NBC ee 2002. 2007, wuxuu helay xiddig ku socda Hollywood Walk of Fame shaqadiisa soo saaraha Miss Universe. NBC iyo Univision waxay hoos u dhigeen boggaga bishii Juun 2015 iyaga oo ka falcelinaya faallooyinkiisa ku saabsan soogalootiga Mexico. Sannadkii 2005, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Jaamacadda Trump , oo ah shirkad iibisa siminaarada guryaha ilaa $35,000. Ka dib markii maamulka Gobolka New York ay ku wargaliyeen shirkadda in isticmaalkeeda "jaamacad" ay jabisay sharciga gobolka (maadaama aysan ahayn machad akadeemiyadeed), magaceeda waxaa loo beddelay Trump Entrepreneur Initiative 2010. Sannadkii 2013, Gobolka New York wuxuu gudbiyay $ 40 milyan dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Jaamacadda Trump, isagoo ku eedeeyay in shirkadu ay samaysay hadallo been abuur ah oo ay khiyaanaysay macaamiisha. Intaa waxaa dheer, laba tallaabo oo heer caalami ah ayaa laga gudbiyay maxkamad federaali ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyo shirkadihiisa. Dukumiintiyo gudaha ah ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in shaqaalaha lagu amray inay adeegsadaan qaab si adag loo iibiyo, waxaana shaqaalihii hore ay caddeeyeen in jaamacadda Trump ay khiyaameysay ama been u sheegtay ardaydeeda. Wax yar ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016, wuxuu ogolaaday inuu bixiyo wadarta $ 25 milyan si loo xalliyo saddexda kiis. ===Aasaaska=== Donald J. Trump Foundation wuxuu ahaa aasaaska gaarka ah ee la aasaasay 1988. Laga soo bilaabo 1987 ilaa 2006, Trump wuxuu siiyay aasaaskiisa $ 5.4 milyan, taas oo ku baxday dhammaadkii 2006 . Vince McMahon . Aasaaska ayaa la siiyay samafalka caafimaadka- iyo isboortiga la xiriira, kooxaha muxaafidka ah, iyo samafal oo qabtay munaasabadaha guryaha Trump. Sannadkii 2016, The Washington Post ayaa sheegtay in hay'ad samafal ahi ay geysatay dhowr xadgudubyo xagga sharciga iyo anshaxa ah, oo ay ku jiraan is-wax-ka-qabasho iyo canshuur lunsi . Sidoo kale 2016, xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York ayaa sheegay in aasaaska uu ku xad-gudbay sharciga gobolka iyadoo la codsanayo deeqaha iyada oo aan la soo gudbin xisaab-celinta dibadda ee sannadlaha ah ee loo baahan yahay oo uu ku amray inay joojiso hawlaheeda lacag-ururinta ee New York isla markiiba. Kooxda Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay December 2016 in aasaaska la burburin doono. Bishii Juun 2018, xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York wuxuu gudbiyay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah aasaaska, Trump, iyo caruurtiisa qaangaarka, iyagoo raadinaya $2.8 milyan oo magdhow ah iyo ganaaxyo dheeraad ah. Bishii Diseembar 2018, aasaaska shaqada wuu joojiyay oo wuxuu u qaybiyay hantidiisa hay'ado kale oo samafal ah. ]Bishii Noofambar 2019, garsooraha gobolka New York ayaa ku amray Trump inuu bixiyo $2 milyan oo doolar koox samafal ah oo si khaldan u isticmaalay lacagaha mu'asasada, qayb ahaan si loo maalgeliyo ololihiisa madaxtinimo. ===Arrimaha sharciga iyo kacsiga=== Marka loo eego dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyay faylalka maxkamadda gobolka iyo federaalka oo ay samaysay USA Today sanadkii 2018, Trump iyo ganacsigiisu waxay ku lug lahaayeen in ka badan 4,000 oo tallaabo sharci oo heer gobol iyo federaal ah. Inkastoo uusan u xarayn kicinta shakhsi ahaaneed , ganacsigiisa hudheelka iyo casinos ee Atlantic City iyo New York wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix jeer intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009. Waxay sii wadeen inay shaqeeyaan halka bangiyada ay dib u habeyn ku sameeyeen deynta waxayna yareeyeen saamiyadiisa guryaha. Intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii, in ka badan 70 bangi ayaa Trump amaahiyay $4 bilyan. Ka dib markii uu kacday shirkaddiisa horraantii 1990-meeyadii, bangiyada ugu waaweyn, marka laga reebo Deutsche Bank , waxay diideen inay amaahiyaan isaga. Ka dib weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol , bangigu wuxuu go'aansaday inuusan ganacsi la samayn isaga ama shirkadiisa xiriirka la leh mustaqbalka. ===Maalka=== [[File:State Visit of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia State Dinner Receiving Line with Ivana Trump and Donald Trump in East Room - DPLA - 1a44d05819eab8ba3dcf7a6883ad92ba.jpg|thumb|Trump (midigta midig) iyo xaaskiisa Ivana oo 1985-kii casho sharaf dawladeed u sameeyey [[Boqor]] Fahad ee [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo ay la yeesheen Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan iyo Marwada Koowaad ee Nancy Reagan]] Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu shaqadiisa ku bilaabay “amaah yar oo hal milyan oo dollar ah” oo uu aabihii ka helay oo ay ahayd in uu dib ugu bixiyo ribo. Waxa uu ka amaahday ugu yaraan $60 milyan aabbihii, inta badan ma bixin deymihii, oo waxa uu ka helay $413 milyan oo kale (2018 u dhiganta, oo loo habeeyey sicir bararka) shirkadda aabihiis.  Isaga oo iska dhigaya sarkaal ka tirsan Ururka Trump oo lagu magacaabo " John Barron ", Trump wuxuu wacay saxafiga Jonathan Greenberg [[1984]], isagoo isku dayaya inuu darajo sare ka helo liiska Forbes 400 ee hodanka Mareykanka. Trump wuxuu iskiis u sheegay qiimihiisa saafiga ah: laga jaray $900 milyan 1990  ilaa $10 bilyan 2015. Sannadkii 2015, Forbes wuxuu ku qiyaasay hantidiisa $4.5 bilyan, iyadoo lagu salaynayo waraysiyo lala yeeshay in ka badan 80 ilo. Sannadkii 2025, majaladda ayaa ku qiyaastay hantidiisa $5.1 bilyan waxayna ku qiimeysay qofka 700-aad ee ugu qanisan adduunka. ==Xirfadda warbaahinta== Trump waxa uu daabacay 19 buug oo magaciisa ku qoran, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay qoreen ama ay qoreen kuwa wax qora . Buugiisi ugu horeeyay, The Art of the Deal (1987), waxa uu ahaa New York Times iibiyaha ugu fiican , waxaana lagu tiriyaa New Yorker in uu Trump ka dhigay mid caan ku ah "astaanta maalqabeenada guulaystay". Buugga waxaa qoray Tony Schwartz , kaas oo loo aqoonsan yahay qoraaga. Trump wuxuu lahaa muuqaalo filimaan badan iyo bandhigyo telefishan laga soo bilaabo 1985 ilaa 2001 . Wuxuu si goos-goos ah ugu soo muuqday shirkadda legdinta ee WWE laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii oo ay ku jiraan WrestleMania 23 ee 2007. Laga bilaabo 1990-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu u muuqday 24 jeer isagoo marti ku ah bandhigga Howard Stern Show ee qaranka . Waxa uu lahaa barnaamij sheeko gaaban oo raadiyaha ah, Trumped! , laga bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2008. Laga soo bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2015, wuxuu ahaa faallooyinka martida ee Fox & Friends . Sannadkii 2021, Trump, oo xubin ka ahaa tan iyo 1989, wuu iska casilay SAG-AFTRA si uu uga fogaado dhageysiga edbinta ee ku saabsan weerarkii Janaayo 6. Laba maalmood ka dib, ururka shaqaalaha ayaa si joogto ah u diiday isaga. ===Tababbarka iyo Xirfadlaha caanka ah=== Soo saaraha Mark Burnett ayaa Trump ka dhigay xiddig telefishan ah markii uu abuuray The Apprentice , kaas oo Trump uu martigeliyay 2004 ilaa 2015 (oo ay ku jiraan kala duwanaanshaha The Celebrity Apprentice ). Bandhigyada, waxa uu ahaa madaxa fulinta sare oo meesha ka saaray tartamayaasha odhaahda " waad cayrisay". The New York Times ayaa ugu yeedhay sawirkiisa "mid aad u faanaysi badan, oo aad u khayaali ah" naftiisa. Bandhigyadu waxay dib u dhigeen sawirka Trump malaayiin daawadayaal ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. Heshiisyada shatiga ee la xidhiidha, waxay kasbadeen in ka badan $400 milyan. ==Himilooyinka siyaasadeed ee hore== Trump wuxuu ka diiwaan gashan yahay Jamhuuriya ahaan Queens 1969 iyo Manhattan 1987; xubin ka mid ah Xisbiga Madaxbanaanida , gobolka New York ee xisbiga Reform Party , 1999; Dimuqraadiyiintii 2001 ; Jamhuuriyaddii 2009; aan xiriir la lahayn 2011; iyo Jamhuuriya 2012 [[File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor.jpg|thumb|Isagoo ka hadlaya CPAC , [[Febraayo]] 2011]] 1987, Trump wuxuu xayeysiisyo bog buuxa ah ku dhejiyay wargeysyada waaweyn oo muujinaya aragtidiisa ku aaddan siyaasadda dibadda iyo sida loo tirtiro hoos u dhaca miisaaniyadda federaalka. Sannadkii 1988-kii, waxa uu la xidhiidhay Lee Atwater , isaga oo waydiisanaya in la tixgeliyo in uu yahay musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga ee George HW Bush . Bush wuxuu codsigaas u helay "mid qariib ah oo aan la rumaysan karin". Trump waxa uu ahaa musharrax 2000 ee xisbiga Reform Party ee horudhaca madaxtinnimada saddex bilood ka hor inta uusan ka tanaasulin Febraayo 2000 . Waxa uu ka hadlay shirkii waxqabadka siyaasadda ee muxaafidka bishii Febraayo, wuxuuna khudbado ka jeediyay gobollada horudhaca ah ee horudhaca ah. Bishii Maajo 2011, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuusan tartami doonin ==2016 doorashada madaxweynaha== Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay inuu u sharaxan yahay doorashada 2016 June 2015. Waxa uu u ololeeyay sidii maalqabeen, ganacsade guul leh iyo shisheeye aan khibrad siyaasadeed lahayn, wuxuuna ku andacoodey in warbaahintu u xaglinayso isaga. Hadaladiisa ol'olaha badanaa waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan caddayn oo soo jeedin ah, iyo lambarka rikoodhku waa been. Waxa uu noqday murashaxa ugu horreeya ee Jamhuuriga bishii March 2016 waxaana lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay musharaxa Jamhuuriga ee la malaynayo bishii May [[File:Donald_Trump_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg|thumb|Ololaha Arizona, Maarso 2016]] Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay NATO mid "dhacday" iyo aragtiyo la isku halleyn karo oo lagu tilmaamay Washington Post inay yihiin kuwo aan dhexdhexaad ahayn iyo ilaalin . Ololihiisa ololaha wuxuu xooga saaray dib u gorgortanka xiriirka US-China iyo heshiisyada ganacsiga xorta ah sida NAFTA iyo si adag u dhaqan gelinta sharciyada socdaalka. Jagooyinka kale ee ololaha waxaa ka mid ah raadinta madaxbannaanida tamarta iyada oo ka soo horjeeda xeerarka isbeddelka cimilada, casriyeynta adeegyada loogu talagalay halyeeyada , baabi'inta iyo beddelka sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo , baabi'inta heerarka waxbarashada aasaasiga ah , maalgelinta kaabayaasha , fududaynta koodhka canshuurta iyada oo la dhimayo canshuuraha, iyo ku soo rogida canshuuraha soo dejinta ee shirkadaha ka shaqeeya xeebaha. Waxa uu ku taliyey in la kordhiyo kharashaadka milatariga iyo in si xad dhaaf ah loo baadho ama laga mamnuuco soogalootiga dalalka Muslimka u badan. Waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu darbi ka dhisayo xudduudda Mexico iyo Maraykanka, waxa uuna wacad ku maray in Mexico ay bixin doonto kharashka. Wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu masaafurin doono malaayiin muhaajiriin sharci darro ah oo ku nool Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaleeceeyay dhalashada dhalashada inuu dhiirigelinayo " carruurta barroosinka ah ". Sida laga soo xigtay falanqaynta Sayniska Siyaasadda ee Quarterly , Trump wuxuu sameeyay "ras-raac cad oo cunsurinimo iyo jinsiyeed ah si uu uga guuleysto codbixiyayaasha cadaanka ah" intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxtinimada ee 2016. Gaar ahaan, khudbadiisii ​​ololaha ololaha ayaa soo jiidatay dhaleeceyn ku aaddan sheegashada muhaajiriinta reer Mexico "waxay keeneen daroogo, waxay keeneen dambi, waa kufsi"; oo ka jawaabaya, NBC waxay ka eriday Xirfadlaha caanka ah . Warbixinada Trump ee FEC ee looga baahan yahay ayaa ku taxay hantida ka sareysa $1.4 bilyan iyo deymaha taagan ee ugu yaraan $315 milyan. Ma uusan sii deyn canshuur celintiisa , taasoo lid ku ah dhaqanka musharax kasta oo weyn tan iyo 1976 iyo ballanqaadkiisii ​​2014 iyo 2015 inuu sidaas sameyn doono haddii uu u tartamo jagada. ( 166 ) Wuxuu sheegay in canshuur celintiisa la baarayo , qareennadiisuna ay kula taliyeen inuusan sii deyn. Kadib dagaal dheer oo maxkamadeed oo lagu joojinayo sii deynta canshuur celintiisa iyo diiwaanada kale ee qareenka degmada Manhattan si loogu sameeyo dambi baaris, oo ay ku jiraan laba racfaan oo uu Trump u gudbiyay Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka , Febraayo 2021 maxkamadda sare waxay ogolaatay in diiwaannada loo sii daayo dacwad oogaha si ay u eegaan xeerbeegti weyn. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, qaybo ka mid ah dacwadaha gobolka Trump ee 1995 ayaa loo siidaayay wariye ka socda New York Times . Waxay muujinayaan inuu ku dhawaaqay inuu khasaaray $ 916 milyan sanadkaas, taas oo u ogolaan karta inuu ka fogaado canshuuraha ilaa 18 sano. Trump ayaa ku guuleystay 306 cod oo la ballanqaaday halka 232 ay heshay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary Clinton . Ka dib markii doorashadi labada dhinac ay ka baxeen , tirinta rasmiga ah waxay ahayd 304 ilaa 227 . Waxa uu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan ka mid ahayn ciidamada, mana qaban wax xafiis dawladeed ka hor inta uusan noqon madaxweynaha. Doorashadiisu waxay calaamad u ahayd soo noqoshada dawlad Jamhuuriya oo aan qaybsanayn . Guusha Trump waxay dhalisay mudaaharaadyo ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Maraykanka ==Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay (2017-2021)== [[File:Donald_Trump_swearing_in_ceremony.jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , oo uu maamulayo madaxa cadaalada John G. Roberts Jr. , Janaayo 20, 2017]] [[File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg|thumb|Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2017]] ===Ficilada hore=== Trump ayaa la caleemasaaray Janaayo 20, 2017. Maalin ka dib markii la caleemasaaray, qiyaastii 2.6 milyan oo qof oo adduunka ah, oo ay ku jiraan 500,000 oo ku nool Washington, DC, ayaa mudaaharaad ka dhan ah isaga oo ka qeyb qaatay socodkii haweenka . Intii lagu guda jiray usbuucii ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump wuxuu saxiixay lix amar fulineed , oo ay ku jiraan oggolaanshaha habraacyada baabi'inta sharciga ilaalinta bukaanka iyo daryeelka la awoodi karo ("Obamacare"), ka noqoshada wada-xaajoodka iskaashiga Trans-Pacific, horumarinta mashaariicda Keystone XL iyo Dakota Access Pipeline , iyo qorsheynta darbiga xadka Maraykanka ee Mexico. ===Isku dhacyada xiisaha=== Ka hor inta aan la caleema-saarin, Trump wuxuu ganacsigiisa u raray kalsooni la burin karo , halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa kalsooni indho la'aan ama habayn u dhigma "si uu naftiisa uga gooyo danihiisa ganacsi". Wuxuu sii waday inuu ka faa'iidaysto ganacsigiisa wuxuuna ogaa sida siyaasadda maamulkiisu u saamaysay. Inkasta oo uu sheegay in uu ka fogaan doono "heshiisyada cusub ee ajnabiga ah", Ururka Trump wuxuu dabagalay ballaarinta hawlgalka ee Scotland, Dubai, iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dominican. ​​Lobbyists, saraakiisha dawladda shisheeye, deeq-bixiyeyaasha Trump iyo xulafadooda ayaa boqolaal milyan oo doolar u soo ururiyay goobihiisa dalxiiska iyo hoteellada. Trump ayaa lagu dacweeyay inuu ku xad-gudbay Qodobbada Emoluments Gudaha iyo Dibadda ee Dastuurka Mareykanka , markii ugu horreysay ee qodobbada si cad loo dacweeyay. Hal kiis ayaa lagu diiday maxkamadda hoose. Labo ayaa Maxkamadda Sare ay shaqada ka cayrisay ka dib markii uu xilka qabtay. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu ugu deeqayo mushaharkiisa madaxtinnimo iyo faa'iidada uu ka helo dammaanadda shisheeye ee dawladda Maraykanka. Waxa uu ugu deeqay mushaharkiisa hay'adaha federaalka waxana uu dacaayadeeyay deeq kasta ilaa Juulay 2020. Wakaaladaha federaaliga ah ee ay sahamisay The Washington Post bishii Luulyo 2021 waxa ay sheegeen in aanay wax hadiyad ah helin wixii ka dambeeyay bishaas. Muwaadiniinta Mas'uuliyadda iyo Anshaxa ee Washington ayaa sheegay 2024 inuu ku deeqay $448,000 oo lagu qiyaasay $13.6 milyan oo lacag ah oo uu ka helay dawlado shisheeye muddadiisii ​​ugu horreysay. ===Siyaasadda gudaha=== Trump wuxuu xafiiska la wareegay meesha ugu sarreysa ballaarinta dhaqaale ee ugu dheer taariikhda Mareykanka, kaasoo bilaabmay 2009 oo socday ilaa Febraayo 2020, markii hoos u dhaca COVID-19 uu bilaabmay. Bishii Disembar 2017, wuxuu saxiixay Sharciga dhimista Canshuuraha iyo Shaqada ee 2017 . Waxay hoos u dhigtay qiimaha cashuuraha ee ganacsiyada iyo shakhsiyaadka waxayna meesha ka saartay ciqaabtii la xidhiidhay sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo . Maamulka Trump ayaa ku andacoonaya in ficilku aanu hoos u dhigi doonin dakhliga dawladda, laakiin dakhliga 2018 ayaa 7.6 boqolkiiba ka hooseeya saadaasha. Marka loo eego Trump, hoos u dhaca miisaaniyada federaalku wuxuu kordhay ku dhawaad ​​50 boqolkiiba, ilaa ku dhawaad ​​$ 1 trillion 2019. Dhammaadkii muddadiisa, deynta qaranka Mareykanka waxay kordheen 39 boqolkiiba, taasoo gaartay $ 27.75 trillion, iyo saamiga US-deficit-to-GDP ayaa ku dhuftey mid sare oo ka mid ah Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Trump waxa kale oo uu ku guuldarraystay in uu ka dhabeeyo ballan-qaadkiisii ​​ololaha ee ahaa $1 trillion oo qorshe kharash-bixineed oo kaabayaasha ah. Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee casriga ah ee Maraykanka ee xilka ka taga isaga oo ka shaqaale yar marka loo eego markii uu xilka qabtay, saddex milyan oo qof. Wuxuu diiday fikradda sayniska ee isbeddelka cimilada . Wuxuu hoos u dhigay miisaaniyada cilmi baarista tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo 40 boqolkiiba wuxuuna bedelay siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee lagu hagayay isbedelka cimilada. Wuxuu ka baxay heshiiskii Paris , taasoo ka dhigtay Mareykanka dalka kaliya ee aan ansixin. Wuxuu ujeedkiisu ahaa in kor loo qaado wax soo saarka iyo dhoofinta shidaalka fosil . Gaaska dabiiciga ah ayaa balaariyay Trump, laakiin dhuxusha ayaa sii waday hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu dib u soo celiyay in ka badan 100 xeerarka deegaanka ee federaalka, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa xakameyey qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo , wasakhowga hawada iyo biyaha, iyo isticmaalka walxaha sunta ah. Wuxuu wiiqay ilaalinta xoolaha iyo heerarka deegaanka ee mashaariicda kaabayaasha federaalka, wuxuuna balaariyay meelaha la oggol yahay ee qodista iyo soo saarista kheyraadka, sida oggolaanshaha qodista Qaxootiga Arctic . Trump wuxuu burburiyay xeerarkii federaalka ee caafimaadka, shaqada, deegaanka, iyo meelo kale, oo ay ku jiraan sharci baabi'iyay xeerkii xilligii Obama ee xaddidayay iibinta hubka dadka maskaxda ka xanuunsan. Inta lagu jiro lixdii toddobaad ee ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, wuxuu dib u dhigay, hakiyay, ama beddelay sagaashan xeer federaal ah, inta badan "kadib codsiyo ka yimid warshadaha nidaamsan". Machadka Daacadnimada Siyaasadda wuxuu ogaaday in 78 boqolkiiba soo jeedintiisa ay xannibeen maxkamadaha ama aysan ka adkaan dacwadda. Intii lagu guda jiray ololihiisa, Trump wuxuu wacad ku maray inuu baabi'in doono oo uu bedeli doono Sharciga Daryeelka La awoodi karo . Xafiiska, waxa uu hoos u dhigay fulinta sharciga iyada oo loo marayo amarada fulinta. Wuxuu muujiyay rabitaan ah inuu "u oggolaado Obamacare inuu guuldareysto"; maamulkiisu waxa uu kala badh ka dhimay xilliga is-diiwaangelinta waxana uu si weyn u dhimay dhaqaalihii loogu talo galay dhiirrigelinta diiwaangelinta. Bishii Juun 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu ku biiray 18 dawladood oo Jamhuurigu hoggaamiyo oo ku doodaya ka hor Maxkamadda Sare in baabi'inta ganaaxyada maaliyadeed ee la xidhiidha waajibaadka shakhsi ahaaneed ay ka dhigtay sharciga mid dastuuri ah. Codsigoodu wuxuu baabi'in lahaa caymiska caafimaadka ilaa 23 milyan oo Maraykan ah, laakiin kuma guulaysan. Intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016, Trump wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu ilaalin doono maalgelinta Medicare iyo barnaamijyada kale ee badbaadada bulshada. Janaayo 2020, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaanka inuu tixgeliyo dhimista iyaga. Isagoo ka jawaabaya cudurka faafa ee opioid , Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharci sanadka 2018 si loo kordhiyo maalgelinta daawaynta daroogada, laakiin waxaa si weyn loogu dhaleeceeyay inuu ku guuldareystay inuu sameeyo istiraatiijiyad la taaban karo. Wuxuu ka mamnuucay hay'adaha bixiya ilmo iska soo rididda ama u gudbinta ilmo soo rididda inay helaan lacagaha federaalka. Waxa uu sheegay in uu taageeray "guurka dhaqameed", laakiin wuxuu tixgeliyey sharcinimada waddanka oo dhan ee guurka isku jinsiga ah "la degay". Maamulkiisu waxa uu dib u rogay qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah ilaalinta goobta shaqada ee maamulka Obama ee ka dhanka ah takoorka dadka LGBTQ .Isku daygiisii ​​isku daygiisii ​​ee ilaalinta takoorka ee bukaannada transgender- ka bishii Agoosto 2020 waxaa joojiyay garsoore federaal ah ka dib markii ay xukuntay Maxkamadda Sare ay kordhisay ilaalinta xuquuqda madaniga ah ee shaqaalaha aqoonsiga jinsiga iyo jihada galmada. Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu ka soo horjeedo xakamaynta hubka , in kasta oo ay aragtidiisu is beddeshay muddo ka dib. Maamulkiisu waxa uu qaatay mawqif ka dhan ah marijuana , isaga oo burinaya siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee ilaalin jiray dawladaha sharciyeeyay marijuana. Waa u doode muddo dheer ah ee ciqaabta dilka ah, iyo maamulkiisu wuxuu kormeeray dawladda federaalka ah ee fulinta 13 maxbuus, in ka badan 56 sano ee hore marka la isku daro, oo soo afjaraya 17 sano oo joojin ah. Sannadkii 2016, wuxuu sheegay inuu taageersan yahay isticmaalka hababka jirdilka su'aalaha "jahannamo aad uga xun kan biyaha-qaadista . ===Xiriirka jinsiyadeed=== Faallooyinka Trump ee 2017 Mideynta Dibad-baxa Xaqa ah , oo cambaareeyay "bandhiggan foosha xun ee nacaybka, nacaybka iyo rabshadaha dhinacyo badan" oo sheegaya in ay jiraan "dad aad u fiican oo labada dhinac ah", ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay inay muujinayaan u dhigma akhlaaqda u dhexeeya dibad-baxayaasha sare-sare ee cadaanka ah iyo mudaaharaadayaasha. Bishii Janaayo 2018 dood ku saabsan sharciga socdaalka, waxaa la sheegay inuu u tixraacay El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, iyo wadamada Afrika sida "wadamada shithole". Hadaladiisa waxaa lagu cambaareeyay cunsurinimo. [[File:President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(49964153176).jpg|Iyadoo koox saraakiil iyo la-taliyeyaal ah ay ka soo lugeeyeen Aqalka Cad kuna sii jeeday Kaniisadda St.]] Bishii Luulyo 2019, Trump ayaa bartiisa twitterka ku soo qoray in afar haween ah oo ka tirsan Kongareeska Dimuqraadiga—dhammaan dadka laga tirada badan yahay, oo seddex ka mid ah ay u dhasheen Mareykanka - ay tahay inay " ku laabtaan " dalalkii ay "ka yimaadeen".Laba maalmood ka dib Golaha Wakiiladu waxay u codeeyeen 240-187, inta badan iyagoo raacaya xisbiyada, si ay u cambaareeyaan "faallooyinka cunsuriyadda". Daabacaada wadani ee cadaanka ah iyo warbaahinta bulshada ayaa amaanay hadaladiisa, kuwaas oo sii socday maalmaha soo socda. Waxa uu sii waday hadallo la mid ah intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2020. Bishii Juun 2020, intii lagu jiray mudaaharaadyadii George Floyd , saraakiisha fulinta sharciga federaalku waxay isticmaaleen sunta dadka ka ilmeysiisa iyo tabaha kale ee dadka si ay uga saaraan dad badan oo nabdoon oo mudaaharaadayaal sharci ah fagaaraha Lafayette , bannaanka Aqalka Cad . Trump ayaa markaa la soo baxay Kitaabka Quduuska ah si uu sawir uga qaado Kaniisadda Episcopal St. Hogaamiyeyaal ciidan oo badan oo shaqada ka fadhiistay iyo saraakiisha difaaca ayaa cambaareeyay soo jeedintiisa ah in uu isticmaalo millatariga Maraykanka mudaharaadayaasha ka soo horjeeda bilayska. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee uu Trump xilka hayay, waxa uu oggolaaday 237 codsi oo naxariis ah, taas oo ka yar dhammaan madaxweynayaashii tan iyo 1900-kii marka laga reebo George HW Bush iyo George W. Bush . Keliya 25 iyaga ka mid ah ayaa waxaa shaandheeyay Xafiiska Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Xafiiska Qareenka Cafiska ; kuwa kale waxaa la siiyay dadka xiriirka shakhsi ahaaneed ama siyaasadeed ee isaga, qoyskiisa, iyo xulafadiisa, ama ay ku taliyaan dadka caanka ah. Maalintii ugu dambaysay ee uu xafiiska joogay, waxa uu ogolaaday 73 cafis waxana uu ka khafiifiyay 70 xukun. Dhawr xulafada Trump ah uma qalmin cafis marka loo eego xeerarka Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo xaalado kale waaxdu waxay ka soo horjeedsatay naxariista. Cafiskii saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan ciidanka milatariga oo lagu helay ama lagu soo oogay dambiyo rabshado wata ayaa waxaa ka soo horjeestay hogaamiyayaasha ciidamada. ===Socdaalka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg|thumb|Baarista tusaalaha darbiga xadka ee Otay Mesa, California]] Madaxweyne ahaan, Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay socdaalka sharci darrada ah inuu yahay "duulaanka" Maraykanka oo uu si weyn u kordhiyay fulinta socdaalka. Wuxuu hirgeliyay siyaasado adag oo ka dhan ah magangalyo-doonka wuxuuna u daabulay ku dhawaad ​​6,000 oo askari xadka US-Mexico si ay u joojiyaan isgoysyada sharci darrada ah. Waxa uu hoos u dhigay tirada qaxootiga loo ogolaaday in ay diiwaan gashadaan, laga bilaabo xadka sanadlaha ah ee 110,000 ka hor inta uusan xafiiska la wareegin 15,000 ee 2021 . Mid ka mid ah ballamihiisii ​​ololaha dhexe waxa ay ahayd in uu derbi ka dhisayo xudduudda US-Mexico ; intii lagu jiray xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Maraykanku wuxuu dhisay 73 mayl (117 km) oo derbi ah meelaha aan lahayn caqabadaha iyo 365 mayl (587 km) si uu u beddelo caqabadaha hore. 2018, diidmada Trump ee ah in uu saxeexo kharash kasta oo kharash ah ilaa ay u qoondaysay maalgelinta darbiga xuduudka waxay keentay xidhidhkii ugu dheeraa abid ee dawladda dhexe , muddo 35 maalmood ah laga bilaabo Disembar 2018 ilaa Janaayo 2019. Si looga fogaado xidhitaan kale, Koongarasku waxa uu soo saaray biil dhaqaale oo dhan $1.4 bilyan oo loogu talagalay dayrarka xuduudaha bishii Febraayo. Trump ayaa markii dambe ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo heer qaran ah oo ku taal xudduudda koonfureed si uu u leexiyo $ 6.1 bilyan oo maalgelin ah derbiga xudduudaha inkastoo congress-ka is khilaafeen. Bishii Janaayo 2017, Trump wuxuu saxiixay amar fulin oo u diidaya inay soo galaan muwaadiniinta lix waddan oo Muslimiin u badan afar bilood iyo inay ka yimaadaan Suuriya si aan xad lahayn. Amarka ayaa sababay mudaaharaadyo badan iyo caqabado sharci taasoo keentay amarro dalka oo dhan ah . Amarka dib loo eegay oo bixiya qaar ka reeban ayaa sidoo kale xannibay maxkamadaha, laakiin Maxkamadda Sare waxay xukuntay bishii Juun in mamnuucida la fulin karo kuwa ka maqan " xidhiidh daacad ah oo lala yeesho qof ama hay'ad" gudaha Maraykanka saraakiil, laakiin waxay ka saareen Ciraaq iyo Suudaan. Maxkamadda Sare waxay ogolaatay in noocaas uu dhaqan galo Diseembar 2017, oo ugu dambeyntii taageertay xayiraadda 2019. Laga soo bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu lahaa siyaasad kala qaybsanaan qoys oo kala saaray in ka badan 4,400 carruurta soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee waalidkood, 2 ee Maraykanka . Siyaasad aan hore loo arag. ayaa dalka ka dhalisay cadho dadweyne. Inkasta oo Trump uu markii hore eedaynayay Dimuqraadiyiinta oo uu ku adkaystay inuusan joojin karin siyaasadda amarka fulinta, wuxuu aqbalay cadaadiska dadweynaha bishii Juun 2018 wuxuuna amray in qoysaska soogalootiga sharci-darrada ah la wada xiro haddii aysan "ay jirin walaac" khatarta ilmaha. Garsooraha ayaa markii dambe amar ku bixiyay in qoysaska la isu keeno oo kala fogaansho dheeraad ah la joojiyo marka laga reebo xaalado xaddidan, inkastoo in ka badan 1,000 carruur dheeraad ah laga soocay qoysaskooda amarka ka dib. ===Siyaasada Arimaha Dibada=== [[File:-G7Biarritz_(48616362963).jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyayaasha G7 ayaa shir madaxeedka 45-aad ee Fransiiska, 2019]] Trump wuxuu isku tilmaamay inuu yahay "qaraniyad" iyo siyaasadiisa arrimaha dibadda " Ameerika 1aad ". Waxa uu taageeray dawladihii populist , neo-nationalist , iyo dawlado kali-talis ah. Saadalin la'aan, hubanti la'aan, iyo iswaafaqla'aan ayaa lagu gartaa xiriirka dibadda intii uu xilka hayay. Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo xulafadiisa reer Yurub waxa uu ahaa mid xun intii uu Trump joogay. Wuxuu dhaleeceeyay xulafada NATO wuxuuna si gaar ah u soo jeediyay in Maraykanku ka baxo NATO . Trump wuxuu taageeray siyaasado badan oo ka mid ah siyaasadaha ra'iisul wasaaraha Israel Benjamin Netanyahu . Sannadkii 2020, Trump waxa uu martigeliyay saxeexa heshiiskii Abraham ee u dhexeeyay Israa’iil iyo Imaaraadka Carabta iyo Baxrayn si ay caadi uga dhigaan xidhiidhkooda dibadda. [[File:President_Trump_%26_the_First_Lady%27s_Trip_to_Europe_(42547210635).jpg|thumb|Isagoo gacan qaadaya madaxweynaha [[Ruushka]] Vladimir Putin intii lagu jiray shirkii 2018 ee Helsinki , [[Finland]]]] Trump ayaa dagaal ganacsi la bilaabay Shiinaha 2018 ka dib markii uu ku soo rogay canshuuro iyo caqabado kale oo ganacsi oo uu sheegay in ay ku qasbi doonto Shiinaha in ay soo afjarto ku dhaqanka ganacsiga cadaalad darada ah ee mudada dheer soo jiray iyo ku xadgudubka hantida garaadka . Trump waxa uu wiiqay cunaqabatayntii ugu adkeyd ee uu Maraykanku soo rogay ka dib markii 2014 uu Ruushku la wareegay Kiirymiia . Trump wuu ammaanay oo, sida ay sheegeen qaar ka mid ah dadka dhaleeceeyay, dhif ayuu u dhaleeceeyay madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin , inkasta oo uu ka soo horjeestay tallaabooyinka qaar ee dawladda Ruushka. Waxa uu Maraykanka ka saaray heshiiska dhex-dhexaadka ah ee ciidamada Nukliyeerka , isaga oo u cuskanaya in Ruushku aanu u hoggaansamin, oo uu taageeray suurtagalnimada in Ruushku ku soo laabto G7 . Iyada oo hubka Nukliyeerka ee Waqooyiga Kuuriya loo arkayay khatar halis ah, Trump wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Maraykan ah ee la kulma hoggaamiyaha Kuuriyada Waqooyi, oo la kulmay Kim Jong Un saddex jeer : Singapore bishii Juun 2018, Hanoi bishii Febraayo 2019, iyo Aagga Dillatari ee Kuuriya ee Juun 2019 ===Shaqaale=== Dhammaadkii sannadkii ugu horreeyay ee Trump xafiiska, 34 boqolkiiba shaqaalahiisa asalka ah waa ay iska casileen, shaqada laga eryay, ama waa la bedelay. Ilaa Luulyo 2018, 61 boqolkiiba kaaliyeyaashiisa sare ayaa ka tagay iyo shaqaalaha 141 ayaa ka tagay sannadkii hore. Labada tiroba waxay dhigayaan rikoodh madaxweynayaashii dhawaa. Kaaliyeyaasha gaarka ah ee u dhow Trump ayaa shaqada ka tagay ama lagu qasbay. Waxa uu si cad u bahdilay dhowr ka mid ah saraakiishiisii ​​ugu sarraysay. Trump wuxuu lahaa afar madax oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad , isaga oo fogeynaya ama riixaya dhowr. Bishii Maajo 2017, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay agaasimihii FBI James Comey , isagoo sheegay maalmo ka dib inuu ka walaacsan yahay doorka Comey ee baaritaannada Trump iyo Ruushka. Saddex ka mid ah 15-kii xubnood ee asalka ahaa ee Trump ayaa baxay ama lagu qasbay inay is casilaan sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay. Trump wuu ka gaabiyay inuu magacaabo saraakiisha heerka labaad ee waaxda fulinta, isagoo sheegay in jagooyin badan oo aan loo baahnayn. Bishii Oktoobar 2017, waxaa jiray boqollaal jagooyin hoosaadyo ah oo aan la magacaabin. Ilaa Janaayo 8, 2019, ee 706 jagooyin muhiim ah, 433 ayaa la buuxiyay mana uusan u magacaabin 264. ===Garsoorka=== Trump ayaa magacaabay 226 garsoore oo heer federaal ah , oo ay ku jiraan 54 ka mid ah maxkamadaha rafcaanka iyo saddex ka mid ah maxkamadda sare : Neil Gorsuch , Brett Kavanaugh , iyo Amy Coney Barrett . Magacaabistiisa Maxkamadda Sare waxay siyaasad ahaan u wareejisay Maxkamadda dhinaca midig. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ballan qaaday in Roe v. Wade la rogi doono "si toos ah" haddii isaga la doorto oo la siiyo fursad uu ku magacaabo laba ama saddex garsoorayaasha ka hortagga ilmo soo rididda. Ka dib waxa uu qaatay sumcad markii Roe uu afgembiyay Dobbs v. Jackson Ururka Caafimaadka Haweenka 2022; Dhammaan saddexdii xubnood ee uu soo magacaabay Maxkamadda Sare waxay ku codeeyeen aqlabiyadda. Trump wuxuu quudhsaday maxkamadaha iyo garsoorayaasha uu ku khilaafay, inta badan qaab shakhsiyeed, wuxuuna su'aal galiyay awoodda dastuuriga ah ee garsoorka. Weerradiisa uu ku qaaday maxkamadaha ayaa waxaa ka dhashay canaan ka timid goobjoogayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan garsoorayaal heer federaal ah oo fadhiyey, kuwaas oo ka walaacsanaa saamaynta hadalladiisu ku yeelan karaan madaxbannaanida garsoorka iyo kalsoonida shacabku ku qabaan garsoorka. ===Cudurka caalamiga ah covid-19=== [[File:White_House_Press_Briefing_(49666120807).jpg|thumb|Qabashada war-saxaafadeed COVID-19 ah oo lala yeelanayo xubnaha Aqalka Cad ee Hawl-galka Coronavirus Maarso 15, 2020]] Trump ayaa markii hore iska dhaga tiray digniinaha caafimaadka bulshada iyo baaqyada ah in tallaabo laga qaado saraakiisha caafimaadka ee maamulkiisa. Trump wuxuu aasaasay Ciidanka Aqalka Cad ee Coronavirus bishii Janaayo 29. Bishii Maarso 27, wuxuu saxiixay sharciga CARES Act - $ 2.2 trillion biilka kicinta dhaqaalaha laba geesoodka ah - kicinta ugu weyn taariikhda Mareykanka. Ka dib toddobaadyo weeraro ah si ay uga fogaato jawaabtiisa gaabis ah, Trump wuxuu joojiyay maalgelinta Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka bishii Abriil. Bishii Abriil 2020, kooxaha ku xiran Jamhuuriga ayaa abaabulay mudaaharaadyo ka dhan ah qufulka oo looga soo horjeedo tallaabooyinka ay dowladaha gobolladu qaadayeen si ay ula dagaallamaan masiibada; Trump ayaa ku dhiirigeliyay mudaaharaadyada Twitter-ka , in kasta oo dawladaha la beegsaday aysan la kulmin tilmaamaha maamulkiisa ee dib u furitaanka. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u cadaadiyay hay'adaha caafimaadka federaalka inay qaadaan tallaabooyin uu doorbiday, sida oggolaanshaha daaweynta aan la xaqiijin. Bishii Oktoobar, Trump waxa la dhigay cusbitaalka Xarunta Caafimaadka Qaranka ee Walter Reed muddo saddex maalmood ah iyada oo uu jiro kiis daran oo ah COVID-19 ===Baaritaanada=== Ka dib markii uu la wareegay xafiiska, Trump wuxuu ahaa mawduuca kordhinta Waaxda Caddaaladda iyo kormeerka Kongareeska, iyada oo la baarayo ololihiisa doorashada, kala-guurka, iyo caleema saarka, tallaabooyinkii la qaaday intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa, ganacsigiisa gaarka ah , canshuuraha shakhsi ahaaneed, iyo aasaaska samafalka . Waxaa jiray toban baaritaan dembi oo federaal ah, siddeed gobol iyo baaritaanno maxalli ah, iyo laba iyo toban baaritaan oo kongareeska ah. Bishii Luulyo 2016, FBI waxay bilawday duufaanta Crossfire , baaritaan ku saabsan xiriirka suurtagalka ah ee ka dhexeeya Ruushka iyo ololaha Trump ee 2016. Kadib markii Trump uu shaqada ka eryay Comey bishii Maajo 2017, FBI-da ayaa furtay baaritaan labaad oo ku saabsan xiriirkii shakhsi ahaaneed iyo ganacsi ee Trump uu la yeeshay Ruushka . Bishii Janaayo 2017, saddex hay'adood oo sirdoon oo Mareykan ah ayaa si wadajir ah u sheegay "kalsooni sare" in Ruushku uu farageliyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump. Shaki badan xidhiidho ka dhexeeya saaxiibada Trump iyo saraakiisha Ruushka ayaa la ogaaday. Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Ruushka ee doorashada. Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah ayaa markii dambe loo wareejiyay baaritaanka qareenka gaarka ah ee Robert Mueller ; Baaritaanka ku saabsan xiriirka Trump iyo Ruushka waxaa soo afjaray ku xigeenka xeer ilaaliyaha guud Rod Rosenstein ka dib markii uu u sheegay FBI in Mueller uu sii wadi doono arrinta. Codsiga Rosenstein, baaritaanka Mueller wuxuu baaray arrimaha dambiyada "ee la xiriira faragelinta doorashada 2016 ee Ruushka". Mueller ayaa soo gudbiyay warbixintiisii ​​u dambaysay bishii March 2019. Warbixintu waxay ogaatay in Ruushku uu farageliyay 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump iyo in Trump iyo ololihiisii ​​ay soo dhaweeyeen oo ay dhiiri galiyeen dadaalka, laakiin caddaynta "ma aysan xaqiijin" in Ruushka ama xubnaha ololaha Trump ay abaabuleen. Trump waxa uu ku andacooday in warbixintaasi ay ka saartay isaga in kasta oo Mueller uu qoray in aanay taasi dhicin. Warbixintu waxay sidoo kale faahfaahisay carqaladaynta suurtagalka ah ee caddaaladda ee Trump, laakiin "ma aysan soo saarin gabagabada kama dambaysta ah" oo ka tagtay go'aanka lagu soo oogay sharciyada Congress-ka. Bishii Abriil 2019, Guddiga Kormeerka ee Aqalka ayaa soo saaray amar maxkamadeed oo ay ku raadinayaan faahfaahin maaliyadeed bangiyada Trump, Deutsche Bank iyo Capital One , iyo shirkaddiisa xisaabaadka, Mazars USA . Wuxuu dacweeyay bangiyada, Mazars, iyo guddoomiyaha guddiga Elijah Cummings si looga hortago in la shaaciyo. Bishii Maajo, laba garsoore ayaa xukuntay in Mazars iyo bangiyada labadaba ay tahay inay u hoggaansamaan amar-qaadista; . Qareennada Trump ayaa racfaan ka qaatay. Bishii Sebtembar 2022, Trump iyo guddiga ayaa ku heshiiyey heshiis ku saabsan Mazars, shirkadduna waxay bilowday inay wareejiso dukumentiyada. ===Eedaynta=== [[File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_(49498772251).jpg|thumb|Soo bandhigida cinwaanka "Trump waa la sii daayay" 2020]] Trump waxaa laba jeer xilka ka xayuubiyey aqalka kongress-ka, in kastoo aqalka senate-ka ay labada jeerba dambi ku soo oogeen. Xil ka qaadistii ugu horeysay ayaa ka dhalatay cabasho sir ah oo [[Bilaha]] [[Luuliyo]] 2019 Trump ku cadaadiyay madaxweynaha [[Yukrayn]] [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] inuu baadho Joe iyo Hunter [[Biden]], isagoo isku dayaya inuu faa'iido ka helo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2020 . Bishii [[Disembar]] 2019, aqalku wuxuu u codeeyay in Trump lagu soo oogo ku takri fal awoodeed iyo carqaladeyn Kongress-ka , iyo Senatka ayaa dambi ku waayay [[Febraayo]] 2020. Xil ka qaadista labaad ayaa timid ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo ee Capitol, kaas oo aqalku uu Trump ku soo oogay in uu kiciyay kacdoon 13-kii Janaayo 2021. Trump ayaa xafiiska ka tagay 20-kii Janaayo, waxaana lagu sii daayay Febraayo 13. Todobo senate oo Jamhuuriya ayaa u codeeyay xukun. ===2020 doorashada madaxweynaha=== Trump wuxuu xareeyay inuu u tartamo dib-u-doorashada saacado yar uun ka dib markii uu noqday madaxweynaha 2017. Waxa uu qabtay isu soo baxkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee dib-u-doorashada wax ka yar bil ka dib markii uu xafiiska qabtay wuxuuna si rasmi ah u noqday musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga Agoosto 2020. Ololaha Trump wuxuu diiradda saaray dambiyada, isagoo ku andacoonaya in magaalooyinka ay hoos ugu dhici doonaan sharci-darro haddii Dimuqraadigu ku guuleysto doorashada. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u beeniyey boosaska Biden wuxuuna ka codsaday cunsuriyadda. Laga bilaabo horraantii 2020, Trump wuxuu abuuray shaki ku saabsan doorashada, isagoo ku andacoonaya caddayn la'aan in la musuqmaasuqi doono iyo in isticmaalka baahsan ee waraaqaha waraaqaha ay soo saari doonto khiyaamo doorasho oo ballaaran. Wuxuu xannibay maalgelinta Adeegga Boostada Mareykanka , isagoo sheegay inuu doonayo inuu ka hortago koror kasta oo ku yimaada codbixinta boostada. Wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu diiday inuu sheego inuu aqbali doono natiijada haddii laga guulaysto oo uu ballan qaado in si nabad ah xukunka loogu kala wareejiyo . ===Luminta Biden iyo diidmada natiijada=== Biden wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii November 2020, isagoo helay 81.3 milyan cod (51.3 boqolkiiba) Trump's 74.2 milyan (46.8 boqolkiiba ) iyo 306 codadka doorashada ee Trump 's 232 . subaxa ka dib doorashada. Maalmo ka dib, markii Biden la saadaaliyay in uu guulaysanayo, Trump waxa uu si aan sal iyo raad toona lahayn u eedeeyay musuqmaasuqa doorashada. Iyadoo qayb ka ah dadaalka lagu doonayo in lagu baabi'iyo natiijada , Trump iyo xulafadiisa ayaa gudbiyay dacwado badan oo ka dhan ah natiijooyinka , kuwaas oo ay diideen ugu yaraan 86 garsoore oo ka tirsan maxkamadaha gobolka iyo federaalka labadaba iyagoo aan lahayn wax xaqiiqo ah ama sharci ah. Eedeymaha Trump waxaa sidoo kale beeniyay saraakiisha doorashada ee gobolka, Maxkamadda Sare ayaa diiday in ay dhageysato kiis lagu codsanayo in la baabi'iyo natiijada afar gobol oo uu ku guuleystay Biden. Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u raadsaday caawimo si uu u rogo natiijooyinka, isaga oo shakhsi ahaan cadaadis saaraya Jamhuuriga maxalliga ah iyo kuwa haya xafiisyada gobolka, Sharci-dejiyaha Jamhuuriga, Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo Madaxweyne Ku-Xigeenka Pence, oo ku boorriyay ficillada sida beddelka cod-bixiyeyaasha madaxweynaha , ama in saraakiisha Georgia ay ku dhawaaqeen natiijada "dhammaan" Toddobaadyadii doorashada ka dib, Trump wuu ka baxay hawlihii guud. Waxa uu markii hore ka horjoogsaday saraakiisha dawladda in ay la shaqeeyaan Biden ee ku-meel-gaadhka madaxweynenimada . Saddex toddobaad ka dib, maamulaha Maamulka Adeegyada Guud wuxuu ku dhawaaqay Biden "guuleeyaha muuqda" ee doorashada, isaga oo u oggolaanaya bixinta agabka kala-guurka kooxdiisa. Inkastoo Trump uu sheegay in uu ku taliyay in GSA ay bilowdo hab-maamuuska kala-guurka, weli si rasmi ah uma uusan aqbalin. Trump kama uusan qeybgalin xafladdii Biden ee Janaayo 20. ===Janaayo 6-dii weerarkii Capitol=== Bishii Disembar 2020, waxaa soo baxay warbixino sheegaya in hoggaamiyeyaasha millatariga Mareykanka ay heegan sare ku jireen, saraakiisha darajo sarena ay ka wada hadleen waxa la sameeyo haddii Trump uu ku dhawaaqo sharciga dagaalka . Agaasimaha CIA Gina Haspel iyo General General Mark Milley , oo ah gudoomiyaha Taliyaasha Wadajirka ah ee Shaqaalaha , ayaa ka walaacsanaa in Trump uu isku dayo inqilaab ama tallaabo militari oo ka dhan ah Shiinaha ama Iran. Milley wuxuu ku adkaystay in lagala tashado amar kasta oo militari oo ka yimaada Trump, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka hubka nukliyeerka. [[File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_(50820534063)_(retouched).jpg|thumb|Dadweyne taageersan Trump intii uu weerarka socday]] Duhurnimadii Janaayo 6, 2021, iyadoo Congress-ka uu caddaynayay natiijada doorashada madaxtinimada ee Capitol US , Trump wuxuu ku qabtay isu soo bax ka dhacay Ellipse oo u dhow . Isagoo ka hadlayay gadaasha muraayad dhalo ah, wuxuu ku baaqay in doorashada la rogo wuxuuna ku booriyay taageerayaashiisa inay "la dagaalamaan sida cadaabta" oo "ay dib u soo ceshadaan waddankeena" iyagoo u socda Capitol. Taageerayaashiisa ayaa markaa sameeyay koox koox ah oo jebisay dhismaha , carqaladeeyay shahaadada waxayna sababtay daad-gureynta Congress-kaaIintii lagu guda jiray weerarka, Trump wuxuu ku dhajiyay baraha bulshada laakiin ma uusan weydiisan rabshado inay kala firdhiyaan. Qoraal uu soo dhigay bartiisa Twitter -ka 6-dii maqribnimo ayuu u sheegay in ay “Guryaha ku tagaan jacayl & nabad”, waxa uu ugu yeeray “wadani-weyn”, waxa uuna ku celiyay in uu ku guuleystay doorashada. Koongarasku mar dambe ayaa dib loo furay oo xaqiijiyay guushii Biden saacadihii hore ee Janaayo 7. In ka badan 140 booliis ah ayaa ku dhaawacmay, shan qofna way dhinteen intii uu socday ama ka dib weerarka. Dhacdadan ayaa lagu tilmaamay isku day afgambi oo uu sameeyay Trump. ==Inta u dhaxaysa madaxweynayaasha (2021-2025)== Markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ku noolaado Mar-a-Lago, isaga oo xafiis ka samaystay halkaas sida uu dhigayo sharciga madaxweynayaashii hore . Sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee sii socota ee ku saabsan doorashada 2020 waxaa caadi ahaan loogu yeeraa " beenta weyn " ee uu dhaleeceeyay, inkastoo May 2021, isaga iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa ay bilaabeen isticmaalka ereyga si ay u tixraacaan doorashada lafteeda. Xisbiga Jamhuurigu wuxuu u adeegsaday sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee ku saabsan doorashada si uu ugu caddeeyo soo rogida xannibaadaha codbixinta cusub ee ay ku jirto. Wuxuu sii waday inuu ku cadaadiyo sharci-dejiyeyaasha gobolka inay joojiyaan doorashada. Si ka duwan madaxweynayaashii hore ee kale, Trump wuxuu sii waday inuu xukumo xisbigiisa; profile 2022 ee New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay inuu yahay madaxa xisbiga casriga ah . Waxa uu sii waday lacag ururinta, isaga oo kor u qaaday xabad dagaal oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan laba jeer xisbiga Jamhuuriga, oo uu ka faa'iidaystay lacag ururinta musharaxiin badan oo Jamhuuri ah oo lagu qabtay Mar-a-Lago. Inta badan waxa uu diiradda saaray maamulka xisbiga iyo in uu xilal muhiim ah ka dhigo saraakiil isaga daacad u ah. Doorashadii xilliga dhexe ee 2022 , wuxuu taageeray in ka badan 200 oo musharraxiin ah oo u tartamaya xafiisyo kala duwan. Bishii Febraayo 2021, wuxuu diiwaangeliyay shirkad cusub, Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG), si ay u siiso "adeegyada isku xirka bulshada" macaamiisha Mareykanka. Bishii Maarso 2024, TMTG waxay ku biirtay shirkad soo iibsata ujeedo gaar ah oo Digital World Acquisition waxayna noqotay shirkad dadweyne . Bishii Febraayo 2022, TMTG waxay bilowday Truth Social , oo ah madal warbaahinta bulshada ah. ===Arrimaha sharciga=== Sannadkii 2019-kii, wariye E. Jean Carroll ayaa ku eedeeyay Trump inuu kufsaday 1990-meeyadii, wuxuuna ku dacweeyay sumcad-dil uu u geystay diidmadiisa. Carroll ayaa mar kale dacweeyay 2022 batari iyo sumcad dil dheeraad ah. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay xadgudub galmo iyo sumcad dil waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo $ 5 milyan hal kiis iyo $ 83.3 milyan kan kale. Maxkamadaha rafcaanka federaalku waxay taageereen natiijooyinkii iyo abaal-marintii Diseembar 2024 iyo Sebtembar 2025, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sannadkii 2022, New York waxay soo gudbisay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyada oo ku eedaysay inuu sare u qaaday qiimaha Ururka Trump si uu faa'iido uga helo bixiyeyaasha iyo bangiyada. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo ku dhawaad ​​$355 milyan oo lagu daray dulsaar. Bishii Agoosto 2025, maxkamadda rafcaanku waxay taageertay mas'uuliyadda Trump iyo ganaaxyada aan lacagta ahayn laakiin waxay meesha ka saartay ciqaabta lacageed oo xad dhaaf ah [[File:Classified_intelligence_material_found_during_search_of_Mar-a-Lago.jpg|thumb|Walax sirdoon oo sir ah ayaa la helay intii lagu jiray raadinta Mar-a-Lago]] Iyada oo la xidhiidha dadaalka Trump ee uu ku doonayo in uu ku joojiyo doorashada 2020 iyo ku lug lahaanshaha weerarkii January 6, December 2022 guddiga Aqalka Maraykanka ee weerarka ayaa soo jeediyay eedeymaha dambiyada ka dhanka ah isaga oo hor istaagay dacwad rasmi ah , shirqool lagu khiyaameeyay Maraykanka , iyo kicinta ama caawinta kacdoonka. Bishii Agoosto 2023, xeerbeegti weyn oo ku taal Fulton County, Georgia , ayaa ku soo oogtay 13 eedeymo, oo ay ku jiraan racketeering , dadaalkiisa uu ku doonayo inuu ku dumiyo doorashada 2020 ee gobolka. Bishii Janaayo 2022, Maamulka Kaydka iyo Diiwaanka Qaranka ayaa soo saaray 15 sanduuq oo dukumeenti ah oo Trump u qaaday Mar-a-Lago ka dib markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo qaarkood la sifeeyay. Baaritaankii Waaxda Caddaaladda ee xigay, mas'uuliyiintu waxay ka soo saareen dukumeentiyo sir ah oo badan oo qareenadiisa ah. Agoosto 8, 2022, wakiilada FBI waxay Mar-a-Lago ka baadheen dukumeenti si sharci darro ah loo haysto, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa jebinta sharciga basaasnimada , ururinta 11 dukumeenti qarsoodi ah, qaar sir sare leh. Xeer -beegti heer federaal ah oo uu sameeyay La-taliyaha Gaarka ah Jack Smith ayaa Trump ku soo oogay bishii Juun 2023 31 dacwadood oo ah "si ula kac ah u haynta macluumaadka difaaca qaranka" sida hoos timaada Xeerka Basaasnimada , iyo eedeymo kale. Trump wuu diiday dambiga. Bishii Luulyo 2024, garsoore Aileen Cannon ayaa meesha ka saaray kiiska , xukunka Smith magacaabistiisa xeer ilaaliye gaar ah wuxuu ahaa sharci darro. Bishii Maajo 2024, Trump waxaa lagu xukumay 34 dacwadood oo dembi ah oo ka been sheegay diiwaannada ganacsiga . Kiisku wuxuu ka yimid caddayn ah inuu ballansaday lacag-bixinnada lacagta-ka-soo-baxa ee Michael Cohen ee jilaa filimada qaangaarka ah ee Stormy Daniels sida kharashaadka ganacsiga si uu u daboolo eedeymihiisii ​​2006-2007 ee Daniels intii lagu jiray doorashadii 2016. Janaayo 10, 2025, xaakimku wuxuu siiyay Trump xukun ciqaab la'aan ah oo loo yaqaan siideyn shuruud la'aan ah, isagoo sheegay in shuruudaha ciqaabta ay faragelinayaan xasaanadda madaxweynaha. Ka dib markii dib loo doortay, kiiskii carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 iyo kiiskii dukumeentiyada qarsoodiga ahaa waa la eryay iyada oo aan la eedayn siyaasada Waaxda Cadaaladda ee ka dhanka ah dacwad qaadista madaxweynayaasha. ==2024 doorashada madaxweynaha== Bishii Noofambar 2022, Trump wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu u tartamayo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2024 wuxuuna abuuray akoon lacag ururin ah. Bishii Maarso 2023, ololuhu wuxuu bilaabay inuu u weeciyo boqolkiiba toban deeqaha hoggaankiisa PAC . Ololihiisu waxa uu bixiyay $100 milyan oo ku wajahan biilasha sharciga ah March 2024. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump wuxuu sameeyay hadallo rabshado wata oo isa soo taraya. Waxa uu sheegay in uu hubayn doono FBI-da iyo Waaxda Caddaaladda ee ka soo horjeeda siyaasaddiisa oo uu u adeegsado militariga si uu u beegsado siyaasiyiinta Dimuqraadiga ah iyo kuwa aan taageersanayn musharaxnimadiisa. Wuxuu adeegsaday hadallo ka daran oo bini'aadantinimada ka dhan ah intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa. Hadalkiisa, isaga oo ugu yeeraya mucaaradkiisa siyaasadeed "cadow", cayayaan, iyo faashiistaha, ayaa taariikhyahannada iyo aqoonyahannada qaarkood ku tilmaameen kalitalisnimo, faashiste oo ka duwan wax kasta oo musharax siyaasadeed uu waligiis ku sheegay taariikhda Mareykanka. Da'da iyo welwelka caafimaadka ayaa sidoo kale kacday intii lagu jiray ololaha, iyada oo dhowr khabiiro caafimaad ah ay muujinayaan kororka xamaasada, hadalka jilicsan iyo dabeecadda . Trump wuxuu xusay "doorasho la musuq-maasuqay" iyo "faragelin doorashada" ka hor iyo in ka badan intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016 iyo 2020 wuxuuna diiday inuu ballan qaado inuu aqbalo natiijada doorashada 2024. Falanqeeyayaasha New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay tan sida xoojinta "madaxyada aan ku guuleysto; dabo aad khiyaamayso" xeeladaha hadal; Wargeysku waxa uu sheegay in sheegashada doorashada lagu shubtay ay noqotay laf dhabarta ololaha. July 13, 2024, Trump ayaa dhegta lagu toogtay isku day dil oo ka dhacay isu soo bax olole oo ka dhacay magaalada Butler Township, Pennsylvania . Laba maalmood ka dib, Shirweynihii Qaranka ee Jamhuuriga ee 2024 ayaa u magacaabay musharaxa madaxweynenimo. Bishii Sebtembar, waa la bartilmaameedsaday laakiin waxba ma gaarin isku day dil oo Florida ka dhacay . Trump wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii Noofambar 2024 isagoo helay 312 codadka doorashada madaxweyne ku xigeenka Kamala Harris's 226. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku guuleystay codadka caanka ah 49.8% Harris' 48.3%. Guushiisa 2024 waxay qayb ka ahayd dib-u-dhac caalami ah oo ka dhan ah xisbiyada xilka haya, oo qayb weyn ka ah sicir bararka 2021-2023 . Dhowr xarumood ayaa ku tilmaamay dib u doorashadiisa soo laabasho aan caadi ahayn. ==Madaxweynaha 2aad (2025- hadda)== [[File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_(2025)_(alternate).jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , waxaa maamula madaxa cadaalada John Roberts , [[Janaayo]] 20, 2025]] Trump wuxuu bilaabay markiisa labaad markii uu xilka qabtay Janaayo 20, 2025. Wuxuu noqday shaqsiga ugu da'da weyn ee qabta xilka madaxtinimo , madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee dambi culus lagu soo oogay, iyo qofkii labaad ee laba xilli oo aan isku xigta madaxweyne ka noqdo. Isku daygiisii ​​uu ku doonayay inuu ku balaadhiyo awoodda madaxweynaha iyo iska horimaadyada maxkamadaha ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay sifada qeexaysa xilligiisa labaad. ===Ficilada hore, 2025- hadda=== Markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, Trump waxa uu saxeexay amarro fulineed oo taxane ah . Qaar badan oo kuwan ka mid ah waxay tijaabiyeen awooddiisa sharci, waxayna soo saareen tallaabo sharci oo degdeg ah. Wuxuu soo saaray amaro fulineed ka badan maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne kasta. Afar maalmood oo ka mid ah xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad, falanqaynta uu sameeyay Time waxay ogaatay in ku dhawaad ​​​​saddex-meelood laba meelood ee ficilladiisa fulinta "muraayada ama qayb ahaan muraayadda" soo jeedinta Mashruuca 2025 . Toddobaadyadiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, dhowr ka mid ah ficilladiisa ayaa iska indhatiray ama ku xad-gudbay sharciyada federaalka, qawaaniinta, iyo Dastuurka sida ay qabaan culimada sharciga ee Mareykanka. Bishii ugu horreysay ee maamulkiisa, Trump wuxuu soo saaray sagaashan amar fulineed, qoraallo, iyo awaamiir. Waxa uu u adeegsaday dawladda si uu u beegsado dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda iyo ficilladiisa ka dhanka ah bulshada rayidka ah ayay khubarada sharciga iyo boqollaal saynisyahano siyaasadeed ku tilmaameen mid keli-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Awaamiirtiisa iyo ficilladiisa waxaa ka soo horjeestay in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo dalka oo dhan ah, iyada oo intooda badan ay weli u socdaan maxkamadaha July 2. ===Iskahorimaadyada xiisaha, 2025 - hadda=== Madaxtinimadii labaad ee Trump waxaa lagu tilmaamay in uu leeyahay ilaalin yar oo ka dhan ah iskahorimaadyada danaha marka loo eego kii ugu horreeyay, iyo jabinta tobannaan sano oo xeerarka anshaxa. Waxa uu sii waday shirkad si guud looga ganacsado oo ku taal Trump Media & Technology Group , wuxuuna u kala beddelay adeegyo maaliyadeed. Waxa uu daba galay heshiisyo cusub oo hanti ma guurto ah oo dibadda ah oo ay ku lug leeyihiin hay'ado dawladeed oo xidhiidh la leh, waxana uu lahaa dhawr shirkadood oo calaamadayn iyo shati bixin ah oo uu ku iibinayo badeecooyinka sumadda Trump. Waxa uu ka faa'iideystey xafladaha lagu qabto hoteeladiisa iyo koorsooyinkiisa golf-ka, hantidiisana ma gelin kalsooni indho-la'aan ah, sidii madaxweynayaashii hore ay yeeli jireen. Bishii Agoosto 2025, shaacinta qasabka ah ee Trump ee maalgashiga ayaa muujisay in, tan iyo markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, uu sameeyay 690 iibsasho curaarta degmada iyo saamiyada shirkadaha oo wadartoodu ay dhan tahay ugu yaraan $104 milyan. Waxaa ku jiray saamiyada shirkadaha ay saameeyeen isbeddelada uu ku sameeyay siyaasadaha federaalka. Trump waxa uu meesha ka saaray hab-raacii anshaxa ee maamulkii hore iyo fulinta sharciyada mamnuucaya laaluushka iyada oo aan la samayn hab-raacyo anshaxeed oo rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay dadka loo magacaabayo siyaasadda, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay la soo galeen maamulkiisa "liiska aan caadiga ahayn ee weyn ee isku dhacyada xiisaha leh". Waxa uu meesha ka saaray eedeymihii musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ahaa siyaasiyiintii xiriirka la lahaa isaga wuxuuna joojiyay dhaqangelinta sharciga mamnuucaya in shirkadaha ka shaqeeya Mareykanka ay laaluushaan dowlado shisheeye. Trump wuxuu bilaabay, dallacsiiyay, oo shakhsi ahaan uga faa'iidaystay laba calaamadood oo cryptocurrency ah ("qadaadiicda meme"), $ Trump iyo $ Melania. Waxa kale oo uu si toos ah uga faa'iidaystay qoyskiisa shirkadda cryptocurrency World Liberty Financial , taas oo ku hawlan isku-dhafka aan horay loo arag ee ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay iyo siyaasadda dawladda. Bishii Luulyo 2025, maamulka Trump wuxuu Qatar ka aqbalay $400 milyan diyaarad qaali ah si uu ugu adeego Air Force One ilaa dhamaadka xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad ka dibna loo wareejiyo maktabadiisa madaxtooyada. Dib u habeynta sida Air Force One ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay ku kacayso ilaa $1 bilyan. ===Joojinta guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka=== Trump wuxuu ka hirgaliyay shaqo joojinta guud ahaan dowladda federaalka wuxuuna amray in shaqada teleefoonka shaqaalaha federaalka lagu joojiyo 30 maalmood gudahood. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in dib u eegis lagu sameeyo jagooyin badan oo shaqaale rayid ah oo xirfadeed iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in dib loogu kala saaro boosaska la rabo iyada oo aan lahayn ilaalin shaqo. Waxa uu bilaabay joojinta shaqada guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka, oo ay ku tilmaameen khabiirada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag ama ku xad-gudbay sharciga federaalka, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo shaqaale si aad ah ula socda ajendihiisa. Dabayaaqadii Febraayo, maamulku waxa uu shaqada ka eryay in ka badan 30,000 oo qof. Si loo fududeeyo joojinta dheeraadka ah, waxay qaadatay tarjumaad sharci oo cusub oo si weyn u ballaarinaysa qaybaha iyo wakaaladaha loo arko inay haystaan ​​​​ammaanka qaranka shaqadooda aasaasiga ah, oo ku dhawaaqaya ururada shaqaalaha federaalka ee kala duwan "cadow". Amarka fulinta dabayaaqadii March ee ku salaysan tarjumaaddan ayaa ka saaray daraasiin waaxyo iyo wakaaladaha barnaamijyada xiriirka maamulka shaqada ee federaalka , taasoo ku kaliftay inay dacweeyaan si ay u buriyaan heshiisyadooda gorgortanka wadareed , kaas oo ka saari kara ilaalinta ururka hal milyan oo shaqaale federaal ah. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in la joojiyo kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) mashaariicda dawladda federaalka wuxuuna ku meeleeyay shaqaalaha xafiisyada DEI fasax. Waxa uu buriyay Amarka Fulinta ee Lyndon B. Johnson ee 1965 ee 11246 , kaas oo amrayay in qandaraaslayaasha federaalku ay qaadaan tallaabo cad oo lagu joojinayo takoorka jinsiyadeed. Waxtarka Trump iyo Elon Musk 's Department of Government waxay si weyn u burburiyeen dhowr hay'adood oo federaal ah oo ay ku jiraan USAID iyo Waaxda Waxbarashada , iyagoo keli ah shaqada ka eryay dhowr kun oo shaqaale ah, waxayna hoos u dhigtay hawlaha maamulka ilaa ugu yaraan sharci. Ficilada qaar, sida isku dayga lagu burburinayo Xafiiska Ilaalinta Maaliyadeed ee Macmiilka , waxaa hakiyay maxkamadaha federaalka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisu waxay isku dayeen inay keenaan hay'ado madax-bannaan oo taariikhi ah oo hoos yimaada laanta fulinta oo si toos ah u hoos timaada qaabab yar. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga, 2025- hadda=== Sida madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horeysay, Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u hareer maray Xafiiska Xeer Ilaaliyaha Cafiska . Waxa uu ku rakibay siyaasad daacad ah Ed Martin kaas oo ku tilmaamay sababta cafis loo bixiyo "Ma jiro MAGA ka tagay". Cafiskii Trump iyo deeqaha naxariista waxay door bideen xulafada siyaasadeed iyo kuwa daacadda u ah, oo si aan loo kala sooc lahayn loo cafiyay "kuwa xoogga badan, caanka ah, si fiican ugu xiran iyo maalqabeenada" ee lagu eedeeyay dambiyada cadaanka ah. Trump waxa uu cafis u fidiyay dhammaan 6-dii January rabshadihii lagu xukumay ama lagu soo oogay maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee xafiiska, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa si xun u weeraray booliiska, isaga oo cafiyay in ka badan 1,500 oo uu cafiyay xukunnada 14. ===Siyaasadda gudaha, 2025- hadda=== Trump wuxuu ka dhaxlay dhaqaale adkeysi leh maamulka Biden, kobaca dhaqaalaha, shaqo la'aanta yar, iyo sicir bararka hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu ku amray wakaaladaha in ay joojiyaan dhaqan gelinta xeerarka aan la jeclayn iyaga oo isku dayaya in si weyn loo xakameeyo taasoo khubarada sharcigu ay ku tilmaameen sharci-darro iyo lid ku ah tobanaan sano ee sharciga federaalka. Waxa uu raadiyay in dawladdu ay maamusho ganacsiyo gaar ah oo uu ka tago dhaqanka suuqa xorta ah ee muxaafidka ah , halkii uu doorbidi lahaa hanti-wadaaga dawladda isaga oo si toos ah u qaadanaya saamiga dawladda ee sinnaanta shirkadaha waaweyn ee Maraykanka. Trump wuxuu joojiyay oo joojiyay deeqihii federaalka wuxuuna sameeyay dhimis ballaaran oo cilmi baaris ah, kuwaas oo dhowr ka mid ah ay heleen garsoorayaasha iyo Xafiiska Xisaabtanka ee Dowladda inay yihiin sharci darro iyo dastuuri. Waxa uu kor u qaaday diidmada isbeddelka cimilada iyo macluumaadka khaldan, oo u magacaabay saliidda, gaasta, iyo kiimikooyinka u ololeeya EPA si ay u beddelaan xeerarka cimilada iyo xakamaynta wasakhowga. Trump wuxuu ku tiirsanaa ku dhawaaqida xaaladaha degdegga ah ee qaranka si uu u caddeeyo boqollaal ficil oo uu ka gudbo ansixinta kongareeska ama dib u eegista sharciga. Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo tamarta qaranka ah, taasoo u oggolaanaysa joojinta xeerarka deegaanka, dabcinta sharciyada soo saarista shidaalka iyo xaddididda mashaariicda tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo. Waxa uu bilaabay dib-u-eegis ku saabsan "sharciga iyo sii socoshada ku-dhaqanka" ee raadinta khatarta EPA , taas oo ah saldhigga ugu badan ee xeerarka federaalka ee gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo, oo mar kale ka baxay US Heshiiskii Paris ee isbedelka cimilada. Burburinta hay'adaha dawladda ee fulinaya sharciyada ka dhanka ah musuqmaasuqa siyaasadeed iyo khiyaanada cad, Trump wuxuu hoos u dhigay Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Waaxda Cadaaladda Dadweynaha 30 ilaa shan qareen, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay 17 kormeerayaal madax -bannaan oo ka tirsan hay'adaha dawladda iyo 12 xubnood oo ka tirsan hay'adaha kormeerka madax-bannaan ee 7 iyo kormeerayaasha Xafiiska FBI-da ee Washington oo baaray eedeymaha musuqmaasuqa iyo musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ah saraakiisha dowladda iyo xubnaha Congress-ka. Wuxuu cafiyay ama laalay eedeymaha ka dhanka ah saraakiisha lagu eedeeyay musuqmaasuq. Trump wuxuu u aaneeyay dhibaatooyinka bulshada kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) hindisayaasha iyo baraarugga . Isbarbardhigga kala duwanaanshaha iyo karti-darrada, wuxuu beddelay siyaasadihii kala-duwanaanshaha ee dawladda federaalka. Waxa uu damcay in uu dib ugu sameeyo bulshada rayidka ah dookhiisa amarka fulinta. On DEI iyo nacaybka nacaybka, wuxuu u hanjabay hay'adaha dhaqanka iyo lixdan jaamacadood, wuxuuna ku qasbay shirkadaha sharciga inay u hoggaansamaan ajandihiisa siyaasadeed. Trump ayaa balaariyay adeegsiga gudaha ee ciidamada wuxuuna amray in la geeyo magaalooyin dhowr ah oo xisbiga Dimuquraadiga uu hogaamiyo , wuxuuna ku hanjabay inuu sii balaarin doono howlgalladiisa. ===Siyaasadaha ka-hortagga LGBTQ+=== Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadii labaad, Trump wuxuu bilaabay olole dagaal oo ka dhan ah LGBTQ + iyo gaar ahaan siyaasadaha ka-hortagga jinsiga ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba, oo maamulkiisu u soo bandhigay sidii wax looga qaban lahaa " fikirka jinsiga ". Siyaasadahan waxay doonayeen inay baabi'iyaan aqoonsiga federaalka ee dadka transgender-ka ah, ka xayuubinta dadka transgender ilaalinta sharciga iyo in laga tirtiro aqoonsiga trans ee nolosha guud. Iyadoo loo marayo amarro fulineed oo isdaba-joog ah iyo ficilo kale, maamulkiisu wuxuu si adag u qeexay jinsiga si adag bayoolooji dhalashada, laga mamnuucay dadka ka soo jeeda milatariga, xaddidan ama la daboolay daryeelka caafimaadka jinsiga, oo ka soo horjeeda luqadda loo dhan yahay , cilmi-baaris iyo agab waxbarasho oo faafreeb ah, iyo bartilmaameedyada dugsiyada, jaamacadaha, iyo xarumaha fikradda. Tallaabooyin dheeri ah ayaa ka mamnuucay ciyaartooyda transgender-ka ciyaaraha, helitaanka baasaboor xaddidan, waxayna sii hurisay dadaallada caalamiga ah ee lagu wiiqayo xuquuqda trans. Waxaa weheliya hadallo muujinaya dadka ka beddelka jinsiga inay yihiin khatar bulsho, siyaasadahani waxay kiciyeen caqabado sharciyeed oo baahsan, cambaarayn ka timid kooxaha xuquuqul insaanka, iyo kor u kaca socdaalka iyo sheegashooyinka magangelyo ee ay qabaan dadka isku jinsiga ah ee Maraykanka ah ===Hal Xeer Bill Qurux Badan=== Bishii Luulyo 2025, Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Sharcigu waxa uu ka dhigay dhimista cashuurta cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada 2017 mid joogto ah waxana uu ku daray cashuur dhimis dheeraad ah oo dhan ku dhawaad ​​$4.5 trillion, inta badan ka faa’iidaysanaysa dakhliga ugu sarreeya oo dadka ku kaca dakhliga ugu hooseeya $1,600 sanadkii; kordhinta dhaqaalaha difaaca qaranka, masaafurinta, darbiga xuduudka, iyo gaashaanka gantaalaha; lagana saaray cashuurtii laga qaadi lahaa mashaariicda tamarta nadiifka ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo ilaha tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo sida dabaysha iyo tamarta cadceedda iyo kuwa iibsada baabuurta korontada. Sharcigu wuxuu jaray maalgelinta Medicaid iyo SNAP wuxuuna ku daray shuruudo shaqo oo dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay u-qalmitaanka iyo $35 lacag-bixineed ee adeegyada Medicaid qaarkood; dhimista iyo shuruudaha dheeraadka ah ayaa dhaqan galaya ka dib doorashada guud ee 2026. Sharciga waxaa saadaaliyay Xafiiska Miisaaniyadda Kongareeska inuu ku kordhiyo dhimista miisaaniyada $3.4 trillion marka la gaaro 2034, sababa 11.8 milyan oo qof inay lumiyaan caymiska Medicaid, iyo meesha laga saaro dheefaha SNAP ee seddex milyan oo qof. ===Socdaalka, 2025- hadda=== Maalmihiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump waxa uu ku amray ilaalada xuduudaha in ay si kooban u tarxiilaan soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee ka soo gudbaya xadka, isaga oo curyaamiyay barnaamijka CBP One ee loo isticmaalay in lagu jadwaleeyo xuduudaha. Waxa uu dib u bilaabay hadhaagii siyaasadda Mexico , waxa uu kooxaha daroogada u magacaabay kooxo argagixiso ah, waxana uu amray in dib loo bilaabo dhismaha darbiga xuduudka. Hawlgallada masaafurinta ayaa marka hore diiradda saaray "liiska bartilmaameedka" ee dambiilayaasha la sameeyay ka hor xilliga labaad ee Trump. Kadibna maamulkiisu wuxuu meesha ka saaray magangelyo codsadayaasha ku guul daraystay inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha, waxay laashay xaaladda sii-daynta sharafeed ee muhaajiriinta ku soo galay US iyadoo la raacayo CBP One iyo CHNV sii-daynta sharafeed bini'aadantinimo, waxay isku dayeen inay ka saaraan dhalashada dhalashada , waxayna hakiyeen Barnaamijka Ogolaanshaha Qaxootiga . Bishii Maarso, wuxuu u adeegsaday Xeerka Cadawga Shisheeyaha ee 1798 si uu u xidho muhaajiriinta sharci darrada ah maxkamad la'aan -mid ka mid ah "khalad maamul" iyo inta badan iyada oo aan lahayn diiwaannada dambiyada -Xarunta Xakamaynta Argagaxisada ee El Salvador. Wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha , muhaajiriinta sharciga ah, dalxiisayaasha, iyo ardayda fiisaha leh kuwaas oo muujiyay dhaleeceynta siyaasaddiisa ama u doodista Falastiiniyiinta. Dhowr muwaadiniin Maraykan ah ayaa la xidhay oo la tarxiilay . ===Siyaasadda Dibadda, 2025- hadda=== Muddadii labaad ee Trump siyaasaddiisa arrimaha dibadda waxaa siyaabo kala duwan loogu sifeeyay Imperialist , balaarin , go'doomiye , iyo autarkist , iyadoo adeegsanaysa fikradda " America First " oo ah asaaskeeda. Maamulkiisu wuxuu door biday awood adag si uu u gaaro yoolalka siyaasadda dibadda, wuxuuna burburiyay ama ka laabtay taageerada ururada gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee u heellan horumarinta awoodda jilicsan ee Maraykanka . Dhaqdhaqaaqyada ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay hoos u dhigayaan saamaynta Maraykanka ee caalamiga ah iyo abuurista bannaan ay buuxiyeen Ruushka iyo Shiinaha . Xidhiidhka Trump ee xulafada waxa uu ahaa macaamil ganacsi oo u dhexeeyay danayn la'aan ilaa cadaawad, oo ay ku jiraan hanjabaad ku darida. Bishii Febraayo 2025, Trump iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka Vance waxay ku dhaleeceeyeen madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy kulan muran badan dhaliyay oo telefishinka laga sii daayay. Warbaahinta ayaa ku tilmaantay iska hor imaad aan hore loo arag oo dhex maray madaxweyne Maraykan ah iyo madax ajnabi ah . Trump iyo maamulkiisa imaan doona ayaa gacan ka geystay dhexdhexaadinta xabbad joojinta dagaalka Gaza oo ay weheliyaan maamulka Biden, oo la dhaqan galiyay maalin ka hor caleema saarkiisa. Bishii Maarso, Israa'iil waxay jebisay xabbad-joojintii . Siyaasadaha dhaqaalaha ee Trump ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo ilaalinaya , iyadoo Trump uu ku soo rogay canshuuraha dalalka intooda badan, oo ay ku jiraan canshuuraha waaweyn ee la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga ee Shiinaha, Canada, iyo Mexico. Wuxuu bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo caalami ah , isagoo ku soo rogay canshuuro heerkii ugu sarreeyay tan iyo 1930kii Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act ee bilawga diiqada weyn . Dhaqaale-yahannadu waxay ku doodeen in maamulku uu si khaldan u fahmay xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhimista ganacsiga iyo canshuuraha, iyaga oo isticmaalaya fikrado khaldan. Narendra Modi ayaa ka falceliyay 50 boqolkiiba tacriifta Trump ee soo dejinta Hindiya isaga oo sii xoojinaya xiriirka Shiinaha. Wuxuu hakiyay tabarucaadkii dhaqaale ee Maraykanku siin jiray Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka . ===Garsoorka, 2025 – hadda=== Garsoorayaasha federaalku waxay u arkeen qaar badan oo ka mid ah falalka maamulka inay yihiin sharci-darro. Ka dib dib-u-dhac xagga sharciga ah, Trump wuxuu kordhiyey dhaleeceynta garsoorka wuxuuna ku baaqay in la soo oogo garsoorayaasha federaalka ee isaga ka soo horjeeday. Wuxu u hanjabay, saxeexay tallaabooyinka fulinta, waxaanu amray in baadhitaan lagu sameeyo dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda, dhaleecaynta, iyo ururrada la safan Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga. Bartamihii Luulyo, falanqaynta Washington Post waxay ogaatay inuu ka soo horjeestay garsoorayaasha iyo maxkamadaha qiyaastii saddex meelood meel dhammaan kiisaska isaga ka dhanka ah, falalka ay ku tilmaameen khubarada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag maamul kasta oo madaxweyne ah. ( 654 ) Diidmada amarada maxkamada iyo sheegashadiisa xaq u lahaanshaha maxkamadaha waxay cabsi galisay khubarada sharciga qalalaasaha dastuuriga ah . Falanqaynta badan oo ay sameeyeen aqoonyahanno akadeemiyadeed iyo The New York Times waxay ogaadeen in labada garsoore ee Jamhuuriga iyo Dimuqraadigu ay heleen cillado badan oo dastuuri ah iyo qaanuuneed oo leh siyaasadaha maamulka Trump. Maamulkiisu wuxuu caddeeyey xuquuq dastuuri ah oo ah inuu iska indhatiro sharciga federaalka isagoo sabab uga dhigaya dhowr tallaabo sida diidmadiisa inuu dhaqan geliyo mamnuucista federaalka ee TikTok , iyada oo khubarada sharciga ay ku tilmaameen inay tahay "awood dastuuri ah oo lagu tallaalayo dhinacyada gaarka ah inay ku kacaan falal kale oo sharci darro ah iyada oo aan la ciqaabin". Waxa kale oo uu ku hawlanaa beegsiga aan hore loo arag ee shirkadaha sharciga iyo qareennada oo hore u matalay jagooyin lid ku ah naftiisa. ==Dhaqan siyaasadeed iyo hadal-hayn== Laga soo bilaabo ololihiisii ​​2016, siyaasadda Trump iyo hadal-hayntiisa ayaa horseeday abuuritaanka dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo loo yaqaan Trumpism. Mawqifkiisa siyaasadeed waa populist ,oo si gaar ah loogu tilmaamay populist garabka midig . Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inuu aqbalay xag-jirnimada midigta-fog , wuxuuna ka caawiyay inuu keeno fikradaha iyo ururrada midigta fog ee guud ahaan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisa iyo hadalladiisa ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Trump waxa uu ku riixay balaadhinta awoodda madaxweynanimada iyada oo la raacayo tafsiir maxalli ah oo ku saabsan aragtida fulinta midaysan . Saldhiggiisa siyaasadeed waxa la barbar dhigay cibaadaysi shakhsiyeed . Hadalka Trump iyo ficilkiisa ayaa lagu eedeeyay in uu abuuray oo uu uga sii daray cadhada iyo kalsooni darada iyada oo la adeegsanayo sheeko "annaga" iyo "iyaga" . Wuxuu si cad oo joogto ah u dhaleeceeyaa jinsiyadda, diinta, iyo qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay, iyo culimadu waxay si joogto ah u ogaadaan in nacaybka jinsiyadeed ee ku saabsan madowga, soogalootiga, iyo Muslimiinta ay yihiin saadaalinta ugu fiican ee taageerada Trump. Hadaladiisa waxa lagu tilmaamay in uu isticmaalay cabsi-cabsi iyo maangaabnimo taas oo sii xoogaysatay ololihiisii ​​madaxtinimada ee 2024 . Wuxuu sheegay inuu rumaysan yahay in awoodda dhabta ahi ay ka timaad cabsi. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Alt-right ayaa isku duubay oo taageeray musharaxnimadiisa, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay qayb ka mid ah diidmada dhaqamada kala duwan iyo socdaalka . Waxa uu leeyahay rafcaan xooggan oo loogu talagalay codbixiyayaasha Masiixiyiinta ah ee wacdiya iyo waddaniyiinta Masiixiyiinta ah , iyo dibad-baxyadiisa waxay qaataan calaamadaha, odhaahda, iyo ajandaha waddaniyadda Masiixiyiinta. Trump waxa uu sidoo kale u adeegsaday shuuci ka soo horjeeda hadaladiisa, isaga oo si joogta ah ugu yeeraya kuwa ka soo horjeeda " Communists " iyo " Marxists ===Aragtida jinsiyadeed iyo jinsiga=== Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinka iyo ficillada Trump ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsurinimo. Ra'yi ururin qaran oo 2018 ah, qiyaastii kala badh ka mid ah jawaab bixiyaasha ayaa sheegay inuu yahay cunsuri; in badan oo ka mid ah waxay aaminsanaayeen in uu ku dhiirraday cunsuriyiinta. Dhowr daraasadood iyo sahanno ayaa lagu ogaaday in dabeecadaha cunsuriyadu ay kiciyeen siyaasadiisa siyaasadeed oo ay aad uga muhiimsan yihiin arrimaha dhaqaalaha ee lagu go'aaminayo daacadnimada codbixiyayaasha Trump. Dabeecadaha cunsuriyiinta iyo Islaam nacaybka ayaa ah tilmaamo xooggan oo muujinaya taageerada Trump. Waxaa lagu eedeeyay cunsurinimo isagoo ku adkeystay koox ka kooban shan dhalinyaro madow iyo Latino ah inay kufsadeen haweeney caddaan ah kiiska 1989 Central Park jogger , xitaa ka dib markii laga saaray 2002. Sannadkii 2011-kii, Trump waxa uu noqday hoggaamiyihii hormoodka u ahaa fikradda shirqoolka cunsuriga ah ee "dhalasho" ee ah in Barack Obama, madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee madow ee Mareykanka, uusan ku dhalan Mareykanka. Waxa uu ku andacooday in uu ku cadaadiyay dawladda in ay daabacdo warqadda dhalashada Obama, taas oo uu u arkay in ay tahay khiyaano. Waxa uu qiray in Obama uu ku dhashay Maraykanka bishii Sebtembar 2016, inkasta oo la sheegay in uu si gaar ah u muujiyay aragtida dhalashada ee 2017. Intii lagu jiray ololihii doorashada 2024, wuxuu sameeyay weeraro been abuur ah oo ka dhan ah aqoonsiga jinsiyadeed ee ka soo horjeeda, Kamala Harris, kaas oo lagu tilmaamay inay xasuusinayaan fikradda shirqoolka dhalashada. Ololihiisii ​​2024 waxa uu si weyn u adeegsaday luqadda bini'aadantinimada ka-hortagga ah iyo fikradaha jinsiyadeed . Sannadkii 2025, wuxuu kor u qaaday sheegashooyinka beenta ah ee xasuuqa cadaanka ah ee Koonfur Afrika wuxuuna abuuray barnaamijka qaxootiga ee Koonfur Afrika . Trump ayaa caado u ah inuu dumarka xaqiro marka uu la hadlayo warbaahinta iyo baraha bulshada. Wuxuu sameeyay faallooyin xunxun, wuxuu naqdiyay muuqaalka dumarka, wuxuuna u tixraacay iyaga oo isticmaalaya ereyo sharaf leh. Laga bilaabo 2020, 26 dumar ah ayaa si fagaare ah ugu eedeeyay anshax-xumo galmo , oo ay ku jiraan kufsi, dhunkasho ogolaansho la'aan, xoqid, fiirinta goonnada haweenka hoostooda, iyo ku lugaynta tartamayaasha qaan-gaarka ee qaawan. Eedeymahaas wuu diiday. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, 2005 " murafoon kulul " ayaa soo baxay isaga oo ku faanaya dhunkashada iyo dhunkashada haweenka iyaga oo aan raalli ka ahayn, isaga oo leh, "Markaad xiddig tahay, waxay kuu oggolaadaan inaad sameyso. Wax kasta waad sameyn kartaa ... Ku qabo feerka . " Waxa uu faallooyinka ku tilmaamay "hadal-qol-badel". Dhacdadan oo si baahsan u soo bandhigtay warbaahinta ayaa keentay raaligelintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee dadweynaha, oo la duubay intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxweynaha 2016. ===Isku xirka rabshadaha iyo dembiyada nacaybka=== Trump ayaa loo aqoonsaday in uu fure u yahay kordhinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee Mareykanka, isaga oo ka dhan ah iyo mid ka dhan ah. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu ku qanacsan yahay xagjirnimada, aragtiyaha shirqoolka sida Q-Anon , iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada xagjirka ah ee midigta fog ilaa xad ka weyn madaxweyne kasta oo Maraykan ah oo casri ah, iyo ku lug lahaanshaha argagixisannimada stochastic . Cilmi-baaristu waxay soo jeedinaysaa in hadalka Trump uu la xiriiro kororka dhacdooyinka dembiyada nacaybka, iyo in uu leeyahay saameyn xoog leh oo ku saabsan muujinta dabeecadaha nacaybka ah sababtoo ah sida caadiga ah ee ereyada jinsiyadeed ee cad. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2016, wuxuu ku booriyay ama ammaanay weerarrada jireed ee ka dhanka ah dibad-baxayaasha ama wariyeyaasha. Eedeysaneyaal badan oo lagu baaray ama lagu soo oogay falal rabshado wata iyo dambiyada nacaybka ayaa soo xigtay hadalladiisa isagoo ku doodaya inaysan ahayn dambiile ama ay tahay inay helaan dabacsanaan. Dib u eegis dalka oo dhan ay samaysay ABC News bishii Maajo 2020 ayaa lagu aqoonsaday ugu yaraan 54 kiis oo danbi ah, laga bilaabo Agoosto 2015 ilaa Abriil 2020, kaas oo loogu yeedhay xidhiidh toos ah oo rabshado ama hanjabaado rabshado ah oo inta badan ay geystaan ​​ragga cadaanka ah iyo ugu horrayn ka dhanka ah dadka laga tirada badan yahay. Diidmada Trump ee ah in uu cambaareeyo kooxda cadaanka ah ee Proud Boys intii lagu jiray dooddii madaxweynenimada ee 2020 iyo faallooyinkiisii, "Wiilasha sharafta leh, istaaga oo garab istaaga", ayaa la sheegay in ay keentay in la kordhiyo shaqaaleysiinta kooxda Trump. Cilmi-baarayaasha la-dagaalanka argagixisanimada ayaa ku tilmaamay taariikhdiisa caadiga ah iyo dib-u-eegistiisa ee Janaayo 6 weerarkii Capitol, iyo bixinta naxariista dhammaan Janaayo 6 rabshad-wadayaasha , sida dhiirigelinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee mustaqbalka. ===Aragtiyo shirqool=== Tan iyo ka hor madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu kor u qaaday fikrado badan oo shirqool ah, oo ay ku jiraan Obama "dhalashada", diidmada isbedelka cimilada , iyo faragelinta Ukraine ee lagu eedeeyay doorashadii Mareykanka . Kadib doorashadii madaxweynaha ee 2020, wuxuu kor u qaaday fikradaha shirqoolka ee guuldaradiisa kuwaas oo lagu sifeeyay " beenta weyn ===Hadalo been ah ama marin habaabin ah=== [[File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png|thumb|Xaqiiq-baarayaasha ka socda Washington Ku dhaji , Toronto Star , iyo CNN waxay soo ururiyeen xog ku saabsan "dacwooyin been ah ama marin-habaabin ah" (asalka orange) iyo "sheegashada beenta ah" (violet foreground).]] Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u sheegaa hadalo been abuur ah oo uu ku jiro hadalo fagaare ah, ilaa xad aan horay loo arag siyaasada Mareykanka . Beentiisu waa qayb gaar ah oo ka mid ah aqoonsigiisa siyaasadeed waxaana lagu tilmaamay inay tahay dab-damis . Hadaladiisa beenta ah iyo marin habaabinta ah waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin-hubi , oo ay ku jiraan The Washington Post , kaas oo 30,573 been abuur ah ama been abuur ah oo uu sameeyay intii lagu jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horreeyay, oo sii kordhaya waqti ka dib. Qaar ka mid ah been-abuurka Trump waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan faa'iido lahayn, halka kuwa kalena ay lahaayeen saameyn aad u fog, sida dhiirrigelintiisa aan la hubin ee dawooyinka ka hortagga duumada sida daaweynta COVID-19, taasoo keentay yaraanta Maraykanka ee daawooyinkan iyo iibsashada argagaxa ee Afrika iyo Koonfurta Aasiya. Macluumaad kale oo khaldan, sida si khaldan loogu sheegay kororka dambiyada England iyo Wales "fidinta argagixisada xagjirka ah", waxay u adeegtay ujeedooyinkiisa siyaasadeed ee gudaha. Weeraradiisa waraaqaha waraaqaha boostada iyo dhaqamada kale ee doorashada ayaa wiiqay kalsoonida dadweynaha ee hufnaanta doorashada madaxweynaha 2020, halka xog-warrankiisa ku saabsan masiibada uu dib u dhigay oo uu wiiqay jawaabta qaranka ee ku wajahan. Caadiyan kama cudur daarato beentiisa. Ilaa 2018, warbaahintu marar dhif ah ayay beentiisa ugu yeertay been, oo ay ku jirto markii uu ku celceliyay hadallo been abuur ah. ===Baraha bulshada=== Joogitaanka baraha bulshada ee Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha caalamka kadib markii uu ku biiray Twitter-ka sanadkii 2009. Waxa uu si isdaba joog ah u soo dhigayay ololihiisii ​​2016-kii iyo intii uu madaxweyne ahaa ilaa Twitter-ka uu mamnuucay ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo. Wuxuu inta badan isticmaali jiray Twitter si uu si toos ah ula xiriiro dadweynaha oo uu u leexiyo saxaafadda; ee 2017, xoghayntiisa saxaafadda ayaa sheegay in tweets- kiisa uu ka kooban yahay bayaannada rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2024 iyo madaxweynanimada labaad wuxuu si joogta ah u dhajiyay waxyaabo AI-soo saaray naftiisa sida astaanta dhaqanka pop-ka ama muhaajiriinta ku jeesjeesa. Ka dib sanado badan oo dhaleecayn ah oo loogu ogolaaday Trump in uu ku dhejiyo macluumaad khaldan iyo been abuur, Twitter ayaa bilaabay in uu ku dhejiyo qaar ka mid ah tweetskiisa hubinta xaqiiqda May 2020. Isagoo ka jawaabaya, wuxuu sheegay in shabakadaha warbaahinta bulshada "gebi ahaanba aamusin" muxaafidka oo uu "si adag u xakameyn doono, ama xidhi doono". Kadib weerarkii Janaayo 6, waxaa laga mamnuucay Facebook , Instagram , Twitter, iyo aalado kale. Luminta joogitaankiisa warbaahinta bulshada ayaa hoos u dhigtay awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu qaabeeyo dhacdooyinka oo la xidhiidha hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid mugga macluumaadka khaldan ee Twitter. Bishii Feebaraayo 2022, waxa uu bilaabay bar-kulanka bulshada ee Truth Social halkaas oo uu ku soo jiitay qayb ka mid ah Twitterkiisa. Elon Musk , ka dib markii uu helay Twitter , wuxuu dib u soo celiyay akoonkiisa Twitter bishii Noofambar 2022. Mamnuucidda labada sano ee Meta Platforms ayaa dhacay Janaayo 2023, taas oo u ogolaatay inuu ku laabto Facebook iyo Instagram. ===Xiriirka saxaafadda=== [[File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg|thumb|Isagoo saxaafadda la hadlaya, March 2017]] Trump waxa uu raadiyay dareenka warbaahinta intii uu ku jiray xirfadiisa, isaga oo ilaalinaya xidhiidhka "jacaylka iyo nacaybka" ee uu la leeyahay saxaafadda. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ka faa'iideystey qaddarka rikoorka ah ee warbaahinta xorta ah, oo lagu qiyaasay $ 2 bilyan. Musharrax ahaan iyo madaxweyne ahaan, wuxuu si joogta ah ugu eedeeyay saxaafadda eexda, isaga oo ku tilmaamay "warbaahinta wararka been abuurka ah" iyo " cadowga dadka ". Madaxtinimadii ugu horreysay ee Trump ayaa hoos u dhigtay war-bixinnada rasmiga ah ee saxaafadda ee boqolkii 2017 ilaa kala badh taas 2018 iyo laba 2019; waxa ay sidoo kale kala noqdeen sharcigii saxaafadeed ee laba wariye oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo ay maxkamaduhu dib u soo celiyeen. Trump's 2020 ol'olihii madaxtinimo wuxuu dacweeyay New York Times , Washington Post , iyo CNN ka dib markii uu aflagaadeeyay qaybo ra'yi ah oo ku saabsan mawqifkiisa faragelinta doorashada Ruushka. Dhammaan dacwadihii waa la diiday. Sannadkii 2024, Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u muujiyay taageerada uu ku mamnuucayo diidmada siyaasadeed iyo dhaleeceynta, wuxuuna sheegay in weriyeyaasha waa in lagu dacweeyaa si aanay u sheegin ilo qarsoodi ah iyo shirkadaha warbaahintu waa inay suurtogal tahay inay lumiyaan shatiyadooda baahinta wararka aan fiicnayn ee isaga. Markii dib loo doortay, Trump wuxuu bilaabay dacwooyin wuxuuna abuuray liis madow oo ka dhan ah warbaahinta qaar, wuxuuna la wareegay nidaamka ay wadaan ururka saxafiyiinta Aqalka Cad si uu u doorto xarumaha ay galaangal u leeyihiin. Halkii loo hoggaansami lahaa amarka maxkamadda ee lagu soo celin lahaa gelitaanka Associated Press , Aqalka Cad wuxuu sameeyay siyaasad xaddidan oo la heli karo dhammaan adeegyada siligga. Guddiga Isgaarsiinta Federaalka ayaa bilaabay baaritaanno lagu sameeyo xarumaha warbaahinta ee lagu eedeeyay eex isaga ka dhan ah. Natiijadii hanjabaadda Trump, madaxda warbaahinta waxay ku amreen saxafiyiinta iyo shaqaalahooda inay is-faafreebaan oo ay yareeyaan dhaleeceynta Trump, iyo CBS waxay isku raaceen inay abuuraan Ombudsman si ay ula socdaan kanaalada wararka si ay xididdada ugu siibaan "eex" CBS News. Bishii Luulyo 2025, wuxuu dacweeyay wargeyska Wall Street Journal daabacaadda sheeko la xiriirta saaxiibtinimadiisii ​​hore ee dembiilaha galmada ee Jeffrey Epstein , taasoo calaamad u ah markii ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne fadhiya uu dacweeyo urur warbaahineed eedeymo sumcad dil ah. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== ===Qoyska=== 1977, Trump wuxuu guursaday Ivana Zelníčková . Waxay lahaayeen saddex carruur ah: Donald Jr. (b. 1977), Ivanka (b. 1981), iyo Eric (b. 1984). Lammaanaha ayaa is furay 1990-kii, ka dib markii uu xiriir la yeeshay moodelka iyo atariishada Marla Maples . Isaga iyo Maples waxay guursadeen 1993 waxayna is fureen 1999. Waxay leeyihiin hal gabadh, Tiffany (b. 1993), oo Maples ku kortay California. Sannadkii 2005, wuxuu guursaday moodelka Slovenia Melania Knauss . Waxay leeyihiin hal wiil, Barron (b. 2006). ===Xiriirka Jeffrey Epstein=== Trump waxa uu saaxiibtimo 15 sano ah la lahaa Jeffrey Epstein ; Dadkii markaas yaqaannay waxay sheegeen inay si joogta ah u garaaci jireen oo ay u tartami jireen dumarka. Dareenka warbaahinta iyo cadaadiska dadweynaha ayaa kordhay 2025, markii maamulkiisu uusan sii dayn faylasha la xidhiidha Epstein , inkastoo Trump uu ballanqaaday inuu sidaas samaynayo intii lagu jiray ololaha 2024. ===Caafimaadka=== Trump waxa uu sheegay in aanu waligii cabbin khamri, sigaar cabin, ama aanu isticmaalin daroogo. Wuxuu seexdaa qiyaastii afar ama shan saacadood habeenkii. Waxa uu golfing ugu yeedhay "qaabka jimicsiga aasaasiga ah", laakiin inta badan ma socdo koorsada. Wuxuu u arkaa jimicsigu inuu yahay tamar tamar sababtoo ah wuxuu aaminsan yahay in jirku yahay "sida batteriga oo kale, oo leh qadar xaddidan oo tamar ah", kaas oo lagu dhammeeyo jimicsiga. Sannadkii 2015, ololahiisu wuxuu sii daayay warqad ka timid dhakhtarkiisii ​​gaarka ahaa ee Harold Bornstein , isagoo sheegay inuu " noqon doono shakhsiga ugu caafimaadka badan ee abid loo doorto madaxweynaha". Sannadkii 2018, Bornstein wuxuu sheegay in Trump uu amar ku bixiyay nuxurka warqadda iyo in saddex ka mid ah wakiillada Trump ay qabsadeen diiwaankiisa caafimaad bishii Febraayo 2017 ee xafiiska Bornstein. ===Diinta=== Trump wuxuu sheegay 2016 inuu ahaa Presbyterian iyo Protestant . Sannadkii 2020, wuxuu sheegay inuu yahay Masiixi aan diin-nabi ahayn . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar badan ayaa su'aal ka keenay qoto dheeraanta xiriirka diimeed. Baadhitaan la sameeyay intii lagu guda jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee Trump (2017-2021) ayaa muujisay in boqolkiiba 63 dadka Maraykanku aanay rumaysnayn in uu diin yahay, inkasta oo uu aaminsan yahay in uu Masiixi yahay, boqolkiiba 44 oo keliya dadka Maraykanka ah ayaa aaminsan in Trump uu yahay Masiixi. Qaar ka mid ah faallooyinka Trump ee Kitaabka Qudduuska ah ama dhaqanka Masiixiga ayaa horseeday in dadka indha indheeya ay soo jeediyaan in aqoonta uu u leeyahay Masiixiyadda ay tahay mid maqaar-saar ah ama khalad ah, qaar yar oo taariikh-nololeed ah ayaa ku tilmaamay Trump mid qoto dheer ama xitaa diineed. Waqtigiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu u magacaabay wadaadkiisa gaarka ah iyo lataliyaha ruuxiga ah, milyaneer teleefaanjiste Paula White-Cain , Xafiiska Xiriirka Dadweynaha ee Aqalka Cad . Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad, wuxuu u magacaabay lataliyeheeda sare Xafiiska cusub ee rumaysadka ee Aqalka Cad . ==Qiimaynta== ===Sawirka dadweynaha=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee Trump, laga bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2020, qiimeynta oggolaanshaha caalamiga ah ee hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos uga dhacday 22 boqolkiiba ra'yi ururin Gallup ee 134 waddan ilaa 16 boqolkiiba - oo ka hooseeya Shiinaha Xi Jinping iyo Vladimir Putin ee Ruushka - ee Pew Research ra'yi ee 13 waddan. Sannadka 2017, qiyaasta hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos u dhacday inta badan xulafada. Gudaha, xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu lahaa taageerada ugu weyn ee xisbiyada: 88 boqolkiiba Jamhuuriga iyo 7 boqolkiiba Dimuqraadiyiinta. Codbixintii Gallup ee 2021, wuxuu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan waligii gaadhin 50 boqolkiiba oggolaanshaha, wuxuuna ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aan la magacaabin ee loogu riyaaqay sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska. Muddadii labaad ee rubuciisii ​​​​hore sida uu qabo Gallup, oggolaanshaha Trump wuxuu ahaa 45 boqolkiiba - xoogaa ka wanaagsan xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, oo aad uga hooseeya celceliska boqolkiiba 60 ee madaxweynayaasha kale. Taageeradu waxa ay ahaan jirtay mid aan kala fogayn; Waxa uu helay oggolaanshaha boqolkiiba 90 ee Jamhuuriga, 37 boqolkiiba madax-bannaanida, iyo boqolkiiba 4 ee Dimuqraadiyiinta. Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad wuxuu sidoo kale arkay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid ra'yiga dadweynaha caalamiga ah ee Maraykanka ===Qiimaynta cilmiga=== Ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee Trump, taariikhyahanadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen Trump inuu yahay madaxweynihii afraad ee ugu xumaa sahanka C-SPAN ee 2021 ee taariikhyahannada madaxtooyada. Waxa uu ku qiimeeyay kuwa ugu hooseeya qaybaha sifooyinka hogaaminta ee awooda akhlaaqda iyo xirfadaha maamulka. Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Siena College 's 2022 sahanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay kan saddexaad. Waxa uu ku jiray kaalmaha ugu hooseeya dhammaan qaybaha marka laga reebo nasiibka, rabitaanka khatarta, iyo hoggaanka xisbiga, waxaanu ka galay kaalinta ugu dambeeya dhowr qaybood. 2018 iyo 2024, xubno ka tirsan Ururka Sayniska Siyaasadda Mareykanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay madaxweynaha ugu xun. ==Xusuusin== a:Bilowgii markii Trump uu saddex sano jirsaday, aabbihii waxa uu siin jiray mid kasta oo carruurtiisa ka mid ah $6,000 sannadkii, lacagta ugu badan ee la oggol yahay iyada oo aan la gelin cashuur hadiyadeed. Si looga fogaado cashuuraha, Fred waxa uu ka dhigay mulkiilayaal laba ka mid ah dhismooyinkiisa guri, isaga oo bixinaya midkiiba $13,928 kirada sannad kasta b:Later , 2015, wuxuu ugu hanjabay dugsigiisa sare, kulliyadaha, iyo Guddiga Kulliyadda tallaabo sharci ah haddii ay sii daayaan diiwaankiisa waxbarasho. C:UPenn's 1968 barnaamijka bilawga ah wuxuu ku taxayaa Trump inuu helay shahaadada koowaad ee Sayniska ee Dhaqaalaha oo aan ahayn qaataha Sharafta Tacliinta d:Kadib Trump waxa uu ku dayan doonaa Peale's Awooda Fikirka Toosan ee Farshaxanka Heshiiska e:Doorashada madaxweynahaee Maraykanka waxaa go'aamiya kulliyadda doorashada Gobol kastaa wuxuu magacaabayaa tiro codbixiyeyaal ah oo la mid ah matalaadda Congress-ka iyo (gobollada intooda badan) dhammaan cod-bixiyayaashu waxay u codeeyaan cidda ku guulaysata codbixinta caanka ah ee gobolkooda. f:Madaxweyne Jamhuuri ah oo ay weheliyaan Jamhuuriga gacanta ku haysa labada gole ee Congress-ka g:CBS kama helin wax diiwaan ah oo dambi ah 75% dadka Venezuela ee la xiray. h: 2025, Pew Research waxay ogaatay dad ku nool dalal badan (12 ka mid ah 20 iyo 4 xiriir) waxay u arkeen Shiinaha inuu yahay dhaqaalaha ugu horreeya adduunka. ==Tixraac== [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html "Michael Cohen ayaa sheegay in Trump uu u sheegay in uu ugu hanjabay iskuulada in aysan sii deynin darajooyinka"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/politics/donald-trump-roy-cohn.html "Muxuu Donald Trump Ka Bartay Ninka Gacanta Midig Ee Joseph McCarthy] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo Kharashka Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka: Addenda et Corrigenda] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo sida Burburiyaha Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka] [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/donald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship "Sidee Donald Trump iyo Roy Cohn's arxan la'aanta Symbiosis u beddeshay Ameerika"] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/jun/21/hillary-clinton/yep-donald-trumps-companies-have-declared-bankrupt/ "Haa, shirkadaha Donald Trump waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay kiciyeen...in ka badan afar jeer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html "Trump waxa uu ku hawlanaa qorshayaal cashuureed oo laga shakisan yahay isaga oo ka guranaya maalkii Aabihiis"] [https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel "Taariikhda dabaylaha ah ee mashruucii ugu horeeyey ee hantida maguurtada ah ee Manhattan ee Donald Trump"] {{Wayback|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel |date=20211009191253 }} [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father "Sheekada beenta ah ee Trump wuxuu ku dhisay boqortooyadiisa 'amaah yar' oo uu ka helay aabihiis"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html "Trump, New Yorker inta nool, wuxuu naftiisa ku dhawaaqay inuu yahay degane Florida"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html "Trump's Plaza Hotel Planruptcy Plan waa la ansixiyay"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html "Trump waxa uu ka iibinayaa Hotel Plaza maalgashadayaasha Sucuudiga iyo Aasiya"] [https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-irs-audit-chicago-hotel-taxes "Hanti-dhawrka IRS ee Trump wuxuu ku kacayaa kharash ka badan 100 milyan oo doolar" Madaxweynihii hore] [https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ "Xaqiiqda ku saabsan kor u kaca iyo dhicitaanka Donald Trump ee Boqortooyada Atlantic City"] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ "Markii Afraad ee Soojiidashada: Sida Donald Trump Uga Sameeyey Fasaxa Isaga] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html "Wax kasta oo ku dhacay qoorta Trump? Way dhammaatay. Sidoo kale waa inta badan boqortooyadii ganacsiga ee Trump"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Toban sano oo Casaanka ah: Tirooyinka Canshuurta ee Trump ayaa muujinaya in ka badan $ 1 bilyan oo khasaare ganacsi ah"] [https://cnn.com/2016/08/22/politics/donald-trump-activist-investor/ "Xilligii Gordon Gekko: Donald Trump ee faa'iidada iyo wakhtiga muranka badan ee maal-galiye firfircoon"] [https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think "Waa maxay sababta uu Donald Trump u leeyahay xiddiga caanka ah ee caanka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee? Ma aha sababta aad u maleyneyso "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-donald-trump-retooled-his-charity-to-spend-other-peoples-money/2016/09/10/da8cce64-75df-11e6-8149-b8d05321db62_story.html "Sida Donald Trump uu dib ugu habeeyey hay'addiisa samafalka si uu u isticmaalo lacagta dadka kale"] [https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/18/media/vince-mcmahon-donald-trump-payments/index.html "Baaritaanno lagu sameeyay lacag-bixinnada xannibaadda ee Vince McMahon ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay soo saareen deeqaha samafalka ee Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html "Trump Foundation waxay amartay inay joojiso lacag ururinta xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee NY"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest "Donald Trump si uu u kala diro aasaaskiisa samafalka ka dib markii ay sii kordhayaan cabashooyinka"] [https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 "Madaxweyne Donald Trump waxa uu amray in uu bixiyo $2M si loo ururiyo hay'adaha aan macaash doonka ahayn taas oo qayb ka ah dacwadda madaniga ah"] [https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12 "Taariikhda dheer ee Trump ee Deutsche Bank waxay hadda noqon kartaa xarunta baaritaanka Robert Mueller"] [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christophermassie/theres-hours-of-audio-of-donald-trumps-nationally-syndicated "Waxaa jira saacado maqal ah oo ah Bandhigga Raadiyaha Qaranka ee Donald Trump's Syndicated 2000-meeyadii"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ "Sida warbaahinta muxaafidka ahi ula wareegayso xisbiga Jamhuuriga"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/02/04/trump-resigns-screen-actors-guild/ "Iyadoo uu wajahayo cayrinta, Trump wuxuu iska casilayaa xubinnimada jilayaasha shaashadda: 'Waxba iima aadan sameynin'] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ "Bush wuxuu yidhi Trump wuxuu ahaa Dimuqraadi in ka badan Jamhuuriga" tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay'] [https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/donald-trump-was-once-a-registered-democrat-and-party-donor-why-did-he-jump-ship/wj85mj5yq "Donald Trump mar wuxuu ahaa deeq bixiye dimuqraadi ah iyo xisbi, haddaba muxuu markabka u booday?"] [https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/ "Donald Trump wuxuu u tartamay madaxweyne sannadkii 2000 dhowr xisbi oo dib u habayn ah] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race "Donald Trump wuxuu ku guuldarreystay inuu ka baxo tartanka doorashada madaxtinimada Mareykanka ee 2012"] [https://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489476187/trump-s-second-amendment-comment-fit-a-pattern-of-ambiguous-speech "Khudbada muranka badan dhalisay ee Donald Trump inta badan way socotaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/ "Su'aalaha Trump wuxuu u baahan yahay NATO, wuxuu qeexayaa siyaasadda dibadda ee aan dhexdhexaad ahayn"] [https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ "Donald Trump wuxuu jebiyey taariikhda dhow isagoo aan soo celin canshuur celinta"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Donald Trump Waxa Uu Qiray In Aanu Bixin Cashuuraha Dakhliga Dowladda Dhexe Muddo Sanado Ah"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html "Tiro taariikhi ah oo codbixiyeyaal ah ayaa xumaaday, waxaana intooda badan loo malaynayaa inay u codeeyaan Clinton"] [https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ "Guusha Trump tusaale kale oo ku saabsan sida Kuliyada Doorashada ay u guuleysato ayaa ka weyn codadka dadweynaha"] [https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience "Donald Trump wuxuu noqon doonaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee Maraykanka ee aan lahayn khibrad siyaasadeed iyo mid milatari"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html "Dacwad ku saabsan xadgudubyada Emoluments Trump waxay kasbatay soo jiidashada maxkamadda"] [https://cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/emoluments-supreme-court-donald-trump-case/ "Maxkamadda sare waxay meesha ka saartay kiisas ka dhan ah Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-donation-salary-white-house/2021/07/29/07723234-efd9-11eb-bf80-e3877d9c5f06_story.html "Trump ma raacay ballan qaadkiisii ​​ahaa in uu ku deeqayo 6-dii bilood ee ugu dambeysay mushaarkiisa madaxtinimo? Waa wax qarsoon"] [https://www.citizensforethics.org/reports-investigations/crew-reports/trump-likely-benefited-from-13-6-million-in-payments-from-foreign-governments-during-his-presidency "Trump waxay u badan tahay inuu ka faa'iidey $13.6 milyan oo ay bixiyeen dowlado shisheeye intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/08/trump-jobs-record/ "Trump wuxuu lahaan doonaa rikoodhkii ugu xumaa ee shaqooyinka taariikhda casriga ah ee Maraykanka. Kaliya maaha masiibada"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html "Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka 2017-kii inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Moscow ee doorashada Mareykanka"] [https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ "Xidhiidh badan oo badan, badan, badan, xiriir badan ayuu Donald Trump la leeyahay Ruushka"] {{Wayback|url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |date=20170228022233 }} [https://www.9news.com.au/world/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-investigation-started-with-alexander-downer-interview/16121e23-bdfc-4f32-9822-e4a7f841e3e4 "Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah: Baadhitaanka Trump ee Ruushka ayaa ka bilaabmay waraysiga Alexander Downer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/us/politics/trump-russia-justice-department.html "Xafiiska Cadaaladda. Weligaa si buuxda uma baarin xiriirka Trump ee Ruushka, saraakiishii hore ayaa yiri "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/30/trump-briefly-acknowledges-that-russia-aided-his-election-falsely-says-he-didnt-help-effort/ "Trump wuxuu si kooban u qirayaa in Ruushku gacan ka geystay doorashadiisa - wuxuuna si been abuur ah u sheegay inuusan gacan ka geysan dadaalka"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/328637/last-trump-job-approval-average-record-low.aspx "Oggolaanshaha shaqada ee Trump ee u dambeeyay 34%; Celceliska waa Rikoor-hoosee 41%"] [https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ "Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee la doortay ee Maraykanka oo aan loo magacaabin ninka loogu jecel yahay Maraykanka sannadkiisii ​​ugu horeeyay"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/655955/trump-inaugural-approval-rating-historically-low-again.aspx "Qiimaynta Ansixinta Daahfurka ee Trump waa mid taariikhiyan mar kale hooseysa"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/11/opinion-of-us-has-worsened-in-countries-around-world-in-last-year-survey-shows "Fikirka Mareykanka ayaa ka sii daray dalalka adduunka sannadkii hore, sahan ayaa muujinaya"] [https://www.c-span.org/presidentsurvey2021/ "Sahaminta Taariikhyahanada Madaxweynaha 2021"b] [https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/trump-cspan-president-ranking-497184 "Trump wuxuu ku soo baxay kaalinta 41-aad ee qiimeynta madaxtinimo ee C-SPAN"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/06/30/presidential-rankings-2021-cspan-historians/ "Taariikhyahanadu waxay kaliya doorteen madaxweynayaasha. Trump ma ahayn kii ugu dambeeyay"] [https://scri.siena.edu/2022/06/22/american-presidents-greatest-and-worst/ "Madaxweynayaasha Mareykanka: kan ugu weyn uguna xun"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/19/opinion/how-does-trump-stack-up-against-the-best-and-worst-presidents.html "Fikirka: Sidee buu Trump uga soo horjeedaa kuwa ugu fiican - iyo kan ugu xun - madaxweynayaasha?"] [https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1232447088/historians-presidents-survey-trump-last-biden-14th "Sahanka maalinta madaxweynayaasha taariikhyahanada, Biden vs. Trump maaha wicitaan dhow"]{{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] 8r2ez9016g6jhsd6enqxq3cuautl1pd 299721 299720 2026-06-27T09:21:32Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Hadalo been ah ama marin habaabin ah */ 299721 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald John Trump''' (wuxuu dhashay [[Juun]] [[14]], 1946) waa siyaasi [[Mareykan]] ah, shaqsi warbaahin ah, iyo ganacsade ah madaxweynaha 47-aad ee Mareykanka . Xubin ka tirsan Xisbiga Jamhuuriga , wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynihii [[45]]-aad ee [[2017]] ilaa 2021. {{Infobox officeholder | image = Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. THIS IS the new official portrait. See the talk page. --> | alt = Sawirka rasmiga ah ee Madaxweynaha 2025, Donald Trump, oo ah nin caddaan ah oo da’ ah, timo huruud khafiif ah leh, xirta surwaal iyo jaakad buluug ah oo leh surwaal laabta ah, taagan hortiisa calanka Maraykanka. | caption = Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2025. | order = 45aad & 47aad <!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] Waxay lahayd isfaham daciif ah oo lagu sii hayo xaaladda hadda jirta (ma jiro xiriir/ilaha lagu tixraaco).--> | office = Madaxweynaha Maraykanka | vicepresident = [[JD Vance]] | term_start = January 20, 2025 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Joe Biden]] | successor = | vicepresident1 = [[Mike Pence]] | term_start1 = January 20, 2017 | term_end1 = January 20, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Barack Obama]] | successor1 = Joe Biden | birth_name = Donald John Trump | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}} | birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]], U.S. | death_place = | party = [[Xisbiga Jamhuuriga (Mareykanka)|Jamhuuriyaan]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–Hadda) | otherparty = {{ubl | [[Xisbiga Dib-u-habaynta ee Mareykanka|Dib-u-habayn]] (1999–2001) | [[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga (Mareykanka)|Dimuqraadiga]] (2001–2009) | [[Siyaasi madax banaan|Madax banaan]] (2011–2012)}} | spouse = {{ubl | {{marriage|[[Ivana Trump|Ivana Zelníčková]]|1977|1990|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|1993|1999|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]]|2005}} }} | children = {{hlist | [[Donald Trump Jr. |Donald Jr.]] | [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] | [[Eric Trump|Eric]] | [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] | Barron }} | parents = {{ubl | [[Fred Trump]] | [[Mary Anne MacLeod]]}} | relatives = [[Qoyska Trump]] | education = [[Jaamacadda Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Shahaadada Sayniska|BS]]) | occupation = {{hlist | Siyaasi | Ganacsade | Shaqsiga warbaahinta }} | residence = [[Aqalka Cad]] | awards = | signature = Donald Trump (Presidential signature).svg | signature_alt = Saxeexa Donald J. Trump oo qaab farshaxan leh, lagu qoray khad. | website = {{ubl | {{URL|donaldjtrump.com|Campaign website}} | {{URL|trumplibrary.gov|Presidential library}} | {{URL|whitehouse.gov|White House website}} | {{URL|trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov|White House archives}} }} | module = {{Listen voice | filename = Donald Trump speaks on declaration of Covid-19 as a Global Pandemic by the World Health Organization.ogg | description = Trump oo ka hadlay bayaanka [[Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka|Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka]] [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 oo ah cudur faafa caalami ah]] | recorded = Maarso 11, 2020 }} }} Waxa uu ka dhashay qoys qani ah oo ku nool magaalada New York, Trump waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay jaamacadda Pennsylvania [[1968]]-dii isaga oo shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaatay cilmiga dhaqaalaha. Waxa uu noqday madaxweynaha ganacsiga hantida ma-guurtada ah ee qoyskiisa 1971-kii, waxa uu u bixiyay ururka Trump , waxa uuna bilaabay in uu helo oo dhiso dhismayaal dhaadheer, hoteello, casinos, iyo koorsooyin golf. Waxa uu bilaabay ganacsiyo dhinac ah, qaar badan oo shati siinaya magaca Trump, waxana uu xareeyay lix shil oo ganacsi 1990-meeyadii iyo 2000-meeyadii. Laga soo bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2015, wuxuu martigeliyay bandhigga telefishanka dhabta ah ee Tababbarka , isagoo xoojiyay caannimadiisa bilyaneer. Isaga oo isu soo bandhigaya siyaasad dibadda ka ah, Trump ayaa ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016-kii oo uu kula tartamay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary klinton . Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu soo rogay xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah toddobo waddan oo Muslimiin u badan, wuxuu ballaariyay darbiga xuduudka Mexico iyo Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaqan geliyey siyaasadda kala fogeynta qoyska ee xadka. Waxa uu dib u rogay xeerarkii deegaanka iyo ganacsiga, waxa uu saxeexay cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada , waxaanu magacaabay saddex garsoore oo Maxkamadda Sare ah. Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, Trump wuxuu ka saaray Mareykanka heshiisyada cimilada, ganacsiga iyo barnaamijka Nukliyeerka Iran, wuxuuna bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo uu la galo Shiinaha . Isaga oo ka jawaabaya masiibada COVID-19 laga soo bilaabo 2020, wuxuu hoos u dhigay darnaantiisa, wuxuu khilaafay saraakiisha caafimaadka, wuxuuna saxiixay Sharciga CARES . Ka dib markii uu lumiyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2020 ee Joe Biden , Trump wuxuu isku dayay inuu baabi'iyo natiijada , isagoo ku dhamaaday weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol 2021. Waxaa lagu riday 2019 ku takrifal awood iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka, iyo 2021 kicin kicin; guurtidu way ku wayday labada jeerba. 2023, Trump waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay kiisaska madaniga ah ee xadgudubka galmada ( Faylasha Epstein )iyo sumcad-dilista iyo khiyaanada ganacsiga . Waxaa lagu helay dambi ah inuu ka been abuuray diiwaannada ganacsiga 2024, taasoo ka dhigtay inuu noqdo madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Mareykan ah oo lagu helo dambi. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2024 ee Kamala Harris , waxaa lagu xukumay siidayn ciqaab la'aan ah , iyo laba eedeymo dambiile ah oo ka dhan ah haynta dukumentiyada sirta ah iyo carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 ayaa la eryay iyada oo aan eex lahayn. Kiis rafaad ah oo la xidhiidha doorashada 2020 ee Joorjiya waa la sugayaa. Trump wuxuu bilaabay madaxweynanimadiisii ​​labaad isagoo bilaabay shaqo ka cayrin ballaaran oo lagu sameeyay shaqaalaha federaalka . Wuxuu ku soo rogay canshuuraha ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan wadamada heerka ugu sarreeya tan iyo diiqada weyn wuxuuna saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Tallaabooyinka maamulkiisa - oo ay ku jiraan cabsi gelinta mucaaradka siyaasadeed iyo bulshada rayidka ah , masaafurinta soogalootiga, beegsiga dadka jinsiga ah, iyo isticmaalka ballaaran ee amarada fulinta - waxay soo saareen in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo ka soo horjeeda sharcinimadooda . Kiisaska caanka ah waxay hoosta ka xariiqeen tafsiirkiisa ballaadhan ee aragtida fulinta ee midaysan waxayna keentay khilaaf weyn oo lala galo maxkamadaha federaalka. Garsoorayaasha ayaa wax badan oo ka mid ah maamulkiisa ku tilmaamay kuwo sharci darro ah, waxaana dhowr jeer lagu tilmaamay kuwo aan sharciga waafaqsanayn. Laga soo bilaabo 2015, qaabka hoggaamineed ee Trump iyo ajandihiisa siyaasadeed - oo inta badan loo yaqaan Trumpism - ayaa wax ka beddelay aqoonsiga xisbiga Jamhuuriga. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinkiisa iyo ficilladiisa ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsuri ama caqli-xumo, wuxuuna sameeyay hadallo been abuur ah ama marin-habaabin ah wuxuuna kor u qaaday aragtiyaha shirqoolka heer aan horay looga baran siyaasadda Mareykanka. Tallaabooyinka Trump, gaar ahaan markiisa labaad, ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay ahaayeen kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geystay dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ka dib, aqoonyahanno iyo taariikhyahannadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen inuu yahay mid ka mid ah madaxweynayaashii ugu xumaa taariikhda Mareykanka Eedayno badana Waxa Loogu Soo jeediyay Dagaalkii Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan Iyo Difaaciisi Israa'iil iyo Carabta Bariga dhexe . ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== [[File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg|thumb|Akadeemiyada Militariga ee New York , 1964]] Donald John Trump waxa uu ku dhashay June 14, 1946, waxa uu ku dhashay cisbitaalka Jamaica ee ku yaala degmada New York ee degmada Queens , waana ilmihii afraad ee Fred Trump iyo Mary Anne MacLeod Trump . Waa Jarmal iyo Iskotish. Wuxuu ku koray walaalihiis ka weyn, Maryanne , Fred Jr. , iyo Elizabeth, iyo walaalkiis ka yar, Robert , oo ku yaal guri 23-qol ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Jamaica Estates ee Queens. Fred Trump wuxuu caruurtiisa siin jiray midkiiba $20,000 sanadkii, una dhiganta $265,000 sanadkii 2024. Trump wuxuu ahaa milyaneer doolarka sicir-bararka lagu hagaajiyay markuu siddeed jir ahaa. Trump wuxuu dhiganayay dugsiga gaarka loo leeyahay ee Kew-Forest ilaa fasalka toddobaad. Wuxuu ahaa ilmo dhib badan, wuxuuna muujiyay xiisaha hore ee ganacsiga aabihiis. Aabihii waxa uu ka diwaan galiyay New York Military Academy , dugsi boodhin ah oo gaar loo leeyahay, si uu u dhamaysto dugsiga sare. Akadeemiyadda ayaa ku riixday ardayda ciyaaraha isboortiga. waxayna bareen muhiimada guusha. Dugsigii sare, darajooyinkiisu way fiicnaadeen ilaa celceliska B. Trump wuxuu tixgeliyey xirfad ganacsi oo muujinaya, laakiin halkii, si uu ugu dhawaado guriga, wuxuu iska diiwaan geliyay Jaamacadda Fordham 1964. Waxa uu ka qaybqaatay barnaamijka Tababarka Saraakiisha Kaydka ah intii lagu jiray sannadkiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, isagoo dhiganayay fasallo ku labisan dharka ciidamada Arbacada kasta, laakiin wuxuu tuuray sannadkiisii ​​labaad. Wuxuu tuuray kubbadda cagta seddex ama afar usbuuc ka dib wuxuuna ahaa kubbadda cagta dhexdhexaad ah iyo ciyaartoy tennis ah. Asxaabtiisa Fordham waxay ku bareen golf. Sannadkiisii ​​yaraa, wuxuu u wareegay Dugsiga Wharton ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania , inta badan wuxuu u safri jiray xafiiska aabbihiis maalmaha fasaxa ah, wuxuuna ka qalin jabiyay Maajo 1968 oo uu ka qaatay shahaadada Sayniska ee dhaqaalaha. Kulliyadda ma ahayn ardaygii ugu sarreeyay ee uu mararka qaarkood sheegan jiray. Waqtigii uu aaday Wharton-halkaas oo uusan ka muuqan liiska kuwa hela abaalmarinta - wuxuu isha ku hayay xirfad ku taal hantida maguurtada ah. Waxa laga reebay qabyo-qoraalka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Vietnam sababtoo ah sheegashada lafaha cidhibtiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee shan sano oo uu ku jiray dugsiga milatariga, wax dan ah uma lahayn inuu dagaal galo. Koritaanka, wuxuu tixgeliyey aabbihiis iyo wadaadka qoyska, Norman Vincent Peale , inuu noqdo lataliyeyaashiisa. Aabihiis wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu yahay "boqor" iyo inuu yahay "dilaaye". Peale wuxuu ku wacdiyey isku kalsoonida sida dhiirigelinta barwaaqada. ==Xirfad ganacsi== ===Hanti ma guurto ah=== Laga bilaabo 1968, Trump waxa uu ka shaqaaleysiiyay Maareynta Trump, shirkadda aabbihiis ee hantida maguurtada ah, taas oo maamusha dhismayaasha dabaqyada dhexe ee Fred uu ka dhisay Queens , Staten Island , iyo Brooklyn . Hawlihiisa ugu muhiimsan waxay ahaayeen ururinta kirada iyo hagaajinta ilaa shan sano. Isagoo soo jiidasho leh iyo qaninimadiisa, Trump wuxuu ka codsaday aabihiis inuu ku ballaariyo Manhattan halkaas oo qiimihiisu sarreeyo, laakiin aabihiis ayaa ku qanacsanaa xaafadaha dibadda. 1971, wuxuu u guuray Manhattan halkaas oo uu qorsheeyay inuu u guuro ganacsiga wuxuuna u socdaalay xafiiska aabihiis. Sannadkaas, aabihiis wuxuu naftiisa ka dhigay guddoomiye iyo madaxweyne Trump, isaga oo kormeeraya 48 shirkadood oo gaar ah iyo 15 iskaashiga qoyska. Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ururka Trump u isticmaalo dalad ahaan magacyada shirkadaha ganacsi ee aabihiis. Roy Cohn , saamaynta hore ee Trump ee ugu muhiimsan aabihiis ka dib, wuxuu ahaa hagaajintiisa , qareenka, iyo lataliye. sannadihii 13 ee 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii. Cohn wuxuu baray Trump inuu u maleeyo in noloshu tahay macaamil ganacsi. 1973, Cohn wuxuu ka caawiyay Trump inuu ka soo horjeesto dawladda Mareykanka $ 100 milyan (oo u dhiganta $ 708 milyan 2024. eedeymaha ah in guryaha Trump ay takooreen codsadeyaasha madow iyo kireystayaasha. Eedihii Trump waa la laalay, waxaana kiiskii dawladda lagu dhameeyey Trumps oo saxeexay amar oggolaansho oo oggolaaday in meesha laga saaro. Afar sano ka dib, Trumps ayaa mar kale wajahay maxkamadaha markii lagu helay inay diidaan wareegtada. Caawinta mashaariicda Trump, Cohn wuxuu ahaa consigliere kaas oo isku xirka Mafia ay gacanta ku hayaan ururrada dhismaha. Sannadkii 1979-kii, Cohn wuxuu Trump u soo bandhigay la-taliyaha siyaasadda Roger Stone , kaasoo qoray adeegyada Stone si uu ula macaamilo dowladda federaalka. Trump waxa uu ka guuray istuudiyaha isaga oo u guuray guri guri leh oo aragti ah waxa uuna helay shatiga dilaalnimada guryaha bartamihii 1970-meeyadii. Kahor da'da soddon sano, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaankiisa dacwadda, iyada oo aan loo eegin natiijada iyo kharashka; xitaa markii laga badiyay, wuxuu kiiska ku tilmaamay guul. In ka badan soddon sano laga soo bilaabo 2018, Trump wuxuu ku lug lahaa in ka badan 4,000 oo dacwado ah, deymo, iyo faylalyo kale, oo inta badan loo xareeyay lacag la'aan isaga oo ka soo horjeeda shaqaalaha, qandaraaslayaasha, dilaaliinta guryaha, iyo qareenadiisa. Intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009 , Trump wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix ka mid ah ganacsigiisa: Plaza Hotel ee Manhattan, casinos ee Atlantic City, New Jersey , iyo Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts company. Sannadkii 1992, Trump, walaalihiis Maryanne, Elizabeth, iyo Robert, iyo ina-adeerkiis John W. Walter waxay samaysteen All County Building Supply & Maintenance Corp, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay 20 boqolkiiba. Shirkaddu ma lahayn xafiisyo waxaana lagu eedeeyay inay ahayd shirkad qolof ah oo bixisa bixinta adeegyada iyo saadka guryaha kiraynta Trump, ka dibna biilasha adeegyadaas iyo sahayda Maamulka Trump u dhigma 20-50 boqolkiiba iyo ka badan. Milkiilayaasha ayaa wadaagay dakhliga ka soo xarooday calaamaduhu. Kharashka la kordhiyey waxa loo isticmaalay in lagu helo ogolaanshaha gobolka ee kordhinta kirada unugyadiisa kirada-degan. Bishii Janaayo 1994, walaalaha waxay samaysteen Apartment Management Associates waxayna la wareegeen khidmadaha maaraynta ee ay hore u qaadi jirtay Maamulka Trump. Sidoo kale sicir-bararka kirada, qorshayaasha ayaa u adeegay in lagu wareejiyo hantida Fred Trump caruurtiisa iyo adeerka oo hoos loo dhigo culeyska canshuurta. ===Manhattan iyo Chicago horumarka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_with_model_of_Television_City.jpg|thumb|1985-kii oo wata moodal ka mid ah mashruuciisii ​​horumarinta Manhattan ee la soo riday ]] Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha dadweynaha 1978-dii markii uu bilaabay qoyskisa ganacsigii ugu horreeyay ee Manhattan: dib u cusboonaysiinta hudheelka Commodore ee burburay , oo ku dheggan Grand Central Terminal. Maalgelinta waxa fududeeyey $400 milyan oo cashuur dhimis ah oo hantida magaalada ah oo uu u habeeyey isaga oo uu aabbihiis u habeeyey kaas oo sidoo kale, si wada jir ah ula Hyatt , u dammaanad qaaday $70 milyan amaah dhismaha bangiga ah. Hudheelka ayaa dib loo furay 1980-kii isagoo ah Grand Hyatt Hotel , isla sanadkaas, wuxuu helay xuquuq uu ku horumarinayo Trump Tower , oo ah dhismo isku dhafan oo ku yaal Midtown Manhattan. Dhismuhu wuxuu ku yaalaa xarunta dhexe ee Trump Corporation iyo Trump's PAC wuxuuna ahaa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ilaa 2019. 1988, Trump wuxuu ku iibsaday Plaza Hotel isagoo dayn ka helay shirkado ay leeyihiin 16 bangi. Hudheelka ayaa loo gudbiyay ilaalinta musalsalka 1992, waxaana la ansixiyay qorshe dib-u-habayn bil ka dib, iyadoo bangiyada ay la wareegayaan hantida. Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu iska diiday in ka badan $3 bilyan oo deymo bangi ah, amaah-bixiyayaashuna waxay la wareegeen Hotel Plaza oo ay la socdaan badi hantidiisa kale "dib u habeyn ballaaran oo bahdilaad ah" taasoo u ogolaatay inuu ka fogaado khasaare shakhsi ah. Qareenka hogaanka bangiga ayaa sheegay go'aanka bangiyada in "dhammaan waxay isku raaceen in uu ka nolol fiicnaan lahaa dhimashada". Sannadkii 1996-kii, Trump waxa uu la wareegay oo dib u habayn ku sameeyay dhisme 71 dabaq ah oo inta badan bannaanaa oo ku yaalla 40 Wall Street , oo markii dambe loo beddelay Dhismaha Trump. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, wuxuu ku guuleystay xaqa uu u leeyahay inuu horumariyo dhul 70-acre (28 ha) ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Lincoln Square ee u dhow webiga Hudson. Isagoo ku dhibtoonaya deynta ganacsiyada kale ee 1994, wuxuu ka iibiyay inta badan danihiisa mashruuca maalgashadayaasha Aasiya, kuwaas oo maalgeliyay dhamaystirka mashruuca, Riverside South . Mashruucii ugu dambeeyay ee Trump ee dhismaha wuxuu ahaa 92-dabaq ee isku dhafan ee isticmaalka Trump International Hotel iyo Tower ee Chicago, kaas oo la furay 2008. 2024, The New York Times iyo ProPublica ayaa sheegay in Adeegga Dakhliga Gudaha uu baarayay haddii uu laba jeer qoray khasaaraha soo gaaray iyada oo loo marayo kharashka dhismaha iyo iibinta iibinta guryaha yar ee dib u celinta 8. ===casinos Atlantic magaalada=== [[File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg|thumb|Galitaanka Trump Taj Mahal ee Atlantic magaalada]] 1984, Trump wuxuu Harrah ka furay Trump Plaza , hudheel iyo casino, iyada oo maalgelin iyo caawimo maamul ay ka heshay Shirkadda Holiday . Waxay ahayd mid aan faa'iido lahayn, wuxuuna bixiyay Holiday $ 70 milyan bishii Maajo 1986 si uu keligiis u maamulo.  Sannadkii 1985-kii, waxa uu iibsaday hudheelka Atlantic City Hilton oo aan la furin oo uu u beddelay qalcadda Trump . Labada casinos waxay xareeyeen cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta 1992.  Trump wuxuu iibsaday goobta saddexaad ee Atlantic City 1988, Trump Taj Mahal . Waxaa lagu maalgeliyay $675 milyan oo doollar oo junk bonds ah waxaana lagu dhammeeyey $1.1 bilyan, oo la furay Abriil 1990. Waxa uu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta ee 1991. Sida ku cad qodobbada heshiiska dib-u-qaabaynta, waxa uu ka tanaasulay kala badh saamigiisii ​​hore oo shakhsi ahaan dammaanad qaaday waxqabadka mustaqbalka. Si uu u dhimo $900 milyan ee daynta gaarka ah, waxa uu iibiyay diyaaradda Trump Shuttle ; megayacht, Princess Trump , kaas oo laga kireeyay casinoskiisa oo lagu hayo; iyo ganacsiyo kale.  Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), kaas oo qaatay lahaanshaha Trump Plaza.  THCR waxa ay iibsatay Taj Mahal iyo Qasriga Trump 1996 waxana uu kacay 2004 iyo 2009, isaga oo ka tagay lahaanshaha boqolkiiba 10. Waxa uu ahaa guddoomiyaha ilaa 2009. ===Naadiyada Golf-ka=== Sanadkii 1985, Trump wuxuu la wareegay dhismaha Mar-a-Lago ee Palm Beach, Florida. Sannadkii 1995-kii, wuxuu u beddelay hantidii koox gaar ah oo leh lacag bilaw ah iyo kharashyo sannadle ah. Wuxuu sii waday inuu u isticmaalo baalka guriga sidii guri gaar ah. Waxa uu ku dhawaaqay naadigiisa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ee 2019. Waxa uu bilaabay dhisidda iyo iibsiga koorsooyinka golf- ka 1999-kii, isaga oo haysta 17 koorso golf ah 2016. ===Shati siinta magaca Trump=== Ururka Trump wuxuu inta badan shati u siiyay magaca Trump ee badeecadaha iyo adeegyada macaamiisha, oo ay ku jiraan cuntooyinka, dharka, koorasyada waxbarashada, iyo alaabta guriga. In ka badan 50 heshiisyada shatiga ama maamulka ayaa ku lug lahaa magaca Trump, isaga oo u soo saaray ugu yaraan $59 milyan shirkadihiisa. Sannadkii 2018, kaliya laba shirkadood oo alaabta macaamiisha ah ayaa sii waday inay sii wataan shatiga magaciisa. Intii lagu jiray 2000-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu magaciisa shati u siiyay horumarinta guryaha la dego ee adduunka oo dhan, 40 kuwaas oo aan waligood la dhisin. ===Dhaqdhaqaaqyada dhinaca=== [[File:Donald_Trump_and_Doug_Flutie_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Trump_Tower.jpg|thumb|1985 New Jersey Generals shir jaraa'id ee Trump Tower]] Sannadkii 1970-kii, Trump waxa uu galiyay $70,000 oo hantida aabbihiis ah si uu u helo biilasha isaga oo ka mid ah soo saaraha majaajilada Broadway-waxana uu lumiyay lacagtii. Ka dib markii uu u sameeyay dalabyo kubbadda hoose ee New York Mets iyo kooxihii Cleveland Indians baseball, 1983 ilaa $6 milyan, wuxuu iibsaday New Jersey Generals , koox ka tirsan Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Mareykanka . Horyaalka ayaa isku laabmay ka dib xilli ciyaareedkii 1985, oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku daygiisa inuu u guuro jadwalka dayrta (marka ay la tartami lahayd Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Qaranka ee dhagaystayaasha) iyo isku daygiisii ​​ahaa inuu ku qasbo ku biirista NFL isagoo keenaya suudh liddi ku ah. Trump iyo Hotelkiisa Plaza waxa ay marti galiyeen dhowr ciyaarood oo feerka ah hoolka shirarka ee Atlantic City Convention Hall . 1989 iyo 1990, wuxuu magaciisa ku siiyay tartanka tartanka baaskiilka ee Tour de Trump , isku dayga uu ku abuurayo Maraykan u dhigma jinsiyadaha Yurub sida Tour de France ama Giro d'Italia . Laga soo bilaabo 1986 ilaa 1988, wuxuu iibsaday qaybo badan oo saamiyo ah shirkado kala duwan oo dawladeed isagoo soo jeediyay inuu damacsan yahay inuu la wareego shirkadda kadibna uu iibiyo saamigiisa faa'iido, taasoo keentay in dadka indha indheeya ay u maleynayaan inuu ku hawlan yahay ganacsiga cagaaran .waqtiga New York waxay ogaatay in uu markii hore malaayiin doolar ku sameeyay macaamil ganacsi oo noocaas ah, laakiin "luminaya inta badan, haddii aysan ahayn dhammaan, faa'iidooyinkaas ka dib markii maalgashadayaasha ay joojiyeen in ay si dhab ah u qaataan hadalkiisa". [[File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG|thumb|Xiddiga Trump ee Socodka caanka ah ee Hollywood]] 1988, Trump waxa uu iibsaday Shuttle-ka Diyaaradaha ee Bari , isaga oo ku maal-geliyay iibsiga $380 milyan (oo u dhiganta $1.01 bilyan ee 2024 oo amaah ah oo ka socota bangiyada 22. Waxa uu u beddelay shirkadda duulimaadka ee Trump Shuttle waxana uu ku shaqaynayey ilaa 1992. Waxa uu diiday deymihiisii ​​1991-kii, lahaanshahana waxa uu u gudbay bangiyada. 1996-kii, wuxuu soo iibsaday Miss Universe pageants, oo ay ku jiraan Miss USA iyo Miss Teen USA . Sababtoo ah khilaafyada CBS ee ku saabsan jadwalka, wuxuu u qaaday labada bog ee NBC ee 2002. 2007, wuxuu helay xiddig ku socda Hollywood Walk of Fame shaqadiisa soo saaraha Miss Universe. NBC iyo Univision waxay hoos u dhigeen boggaga bishii Juun 2015 iyaga oo ka falcelinaya faallooyinkiisa ku saabsan soogalootiga Mexico. Sannadkii 2005, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Jaamacadda Trump , oo ah shirkad iibisa siminaarada guryaha ilaa $35,000. Ka dib markii maamulka Gobolka New York ay ku wargaliyeen shirkadda in isticmaalkeeda "jaamacad" ay jabisay sharciga gobolka (maadaama aysan ahayn machad akadeemiyadeed), magaceeda waxaa loo beddelay Trump Entrepreneur Initiative 2010. Sannadkii 2013, Gobolka New York wuxuu gudbiyay $ 40 milyan dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Jaamacadda Trump, isagoo ku eedeeyay in shirkadu ay samaysay hadallo been abuur ah oo ay khiyaanaysay macaamiisha. Intaa waxaa dheer, laba tallaabo oo heer caalami ah ayaa laga gudbiyay maxkamad federaali ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyo shirkadihiisa. Dukumiintiyo gudaha ah ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in shaqaalaha lagu amray inay adeegsadaan qaab si adag loo iibiyo, waxaana shaqaalihii hore ay caddeeyeen in jaamacadda Trump ay khiyaameysay ama been u sheegtay ardaydeeda. Wax yar ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016, wuxuu ogolaaday inuu bixiyo wadarta $ 25 milyan si loo xalliyo saddexda kiis. ===Aasaaska=== Donald J. Trump Foundation wuxuu ahaa aasaaska gaarka ah ee la aasaasay 1988. Laga soo bilaabo 1987 ilaa 2006, Trump wuxuu siiyay aasaaskiisa $ 5.4 milyan, taas oo ku baxday dhammaadkii 2006 . Vince McMahon . Aasaaska ayaa la siiyay samafalka caafimaadka- iyo isboortiga la xiriira, kooxaha muxaafidka ah, iyo samafal oo qabtay munaasabadaha guryaha Trump. Sannadkii 2016, The Washington Post ayaa sheegtay in hay'ad samafal ahi ay geysatay dhowr xadgudubyo xagga sharciga iyo anshaxa ah, oo ay ku jiraan is-wax-ka-qabasho iyo canshuur lunsi . Sidoo kale 2016, xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York ayaa sheegay in aasaaska uu ku xad-gudbay sharciga gobolka iyadoo la codsanayo deeqaha iyada oo aan la soo gudbin xisaab-celinta dibadda ee sannadlaha ah ee loo baahan yahay oo uu ku amray inay joojiso hawlaheeda lacag-ururinta ee New York isla markiiba. Kooxda Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay December 2016 in aasaaska la burburin doono. Bishii Juun 2018, xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York wuxuu gudbiyay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah aasaaska, Trump, iyo caruurtiisa qaangaarka, iyagoo raadinaya $2.8 milyan oo magdhow ah iyo ganaaxyo dheeraad ah. Bishii Diseembar 2018, aasaaska shaqada wuu joojiyay oo wuxuu u qaybiyay hantidiisa hay'ado kale oo samafal ah. ]Bishii Noofambar 2019, garsooraha gobolka New York ayaa ku amray Trump inuu bixiyo $2 milyan oo doolar koox samafal ah oo si khaldan u isticmaalay lacagaha mu'asasada, qayb ahaan si loo maalgeliyo ololihiisa madaxtinimo. ===Arrimaha sharciga iyo kacsiga=== Marka loo eego dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyay faylalka maxkamadda gobolka iyo federaalka oo ay samaysay USA Today sanadkii 2018, Trump iyo ganacsigiisu waxay ku lug lahaayeen in ka badan 4,000 oo tallaabo sharci oo heer gobol iyo federaal ah. Inkastoo uusan u xarayn kicinta shakhsi ahaaneed , ganacsigiisa hudheelka iyo casinos ee Atlantic City iyo New York wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix jeer intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009. Waxay sii wadeen inay shaqeeyaan halka bangiyada ay dib u habeyn ku sameeyeen deynta waxayna yareeyeen saamiyadiisa guryaha. Intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii, in ka badan 70 bangi ayaa Trump amaahiyay $4 bilyan. Ka dib markii uu kacday shirkaddiisa horraantii 1990-meeyadii, bangiyada ugu waaweyn, marka laga reebo Deutsche Bank , waxay diideen inay amaahiyaan isaga. Ka dib weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol , bangigu wuxuu go'aansaday inuusan ganacsi la samayn isaga ama shirkadiisa xiriirka la leh mustaqbalka. ===Maalka=== [[File:State Visit of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia State Dinner Receiving Line with Ivana Trump and Donald Trump in East Room - DPLA - 1a44d05819eab8ba3dcf7a6883ad92ba.jpg|thumb|Trump (midigta midig) iyo xaaskiisa Ivana oo 1985-kii casho sharaf dawladeed u sameeyey [[Boqor]] Fahad ee [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo ay la yeesheen Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan iyo Marwada Koowaad ee Nancy Reagan]] Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu shaqadiisa ku bilaabay “amaah yar oo hal milyan oo dollar ah” oo uu aabihii ka helay oo ay ahayd in uu dib ugu bixiyo ribo. Waxa uu ka amaahday ugu yaraan $60 milyan aabbihii, inta badan ma bixin deymihii, oo waxa uu ka helay $413 milyan oo kale (2018 u dhiganta, oo loo habeeyey sicir bararka) shirkadda aabihiis.  Isaga oo iska dhigaya sarkaal ka tirsan Ururka Trump oo lagu magacaabo " John Barron ", Trump wuxuu wacay saxafiga Jonathan Greenberg [[1984]], isagoo isku dayaya inuu darajo sare ka helo liiska Forbes 400 ee hodanka Mareykanka. Trump wuxuu iskiis u sheegay qiimihiisa saafiga ah: laga jaray $900 milyan 1990  ilaa $10 bilyan 2015. Sannadkii 2015, Forbes wuxuu ku qiyaasay hantidiisa $4.5 bilyan, iyadoo lagu salaynayo waraysiyo lala yeeshay in ka badan 80 ilo. Sannadkii 2025, majaladda ayaa ku qiyaastay hantidiisa $5.1 bilyan waxayna ku qiimeysay qofka 700-aad ee ugu qanisan adduunka. ==Xirfadda warbaahinta== Trump waxa uu daabacay 19 buug oo magaciisa ku qoran, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay qoreen ama ay qoreen kuwa wax qora . Buugiisi ugu horeeyay, The Art of the Deal (1987), waxa uu ahaa New York Times iibiyaha ugu fiican , waxaana lagu tiriyaa New Yorker in uu Trump ka dhigay mid caan ku ah "astaanta maalqabeenada guulaystay". Buugga waxaa qoray Tony Schwartz , kaas oo loo aqoonsan yahay qoraaga. Trump wuxuu lahaa muuqaalo filimaan badan iyo bandhigyo telefishan laga soo bilaabo 1985 ilaa 2001 . Wuxuu si goos-goos ah ugu soo muuqday shirkadda legdinta ee WWE laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii oo ay ku jiraan WrestleMania 23 ee 2007. Laga bilaabo 1990-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu u muuqday 24 jeer isagoo marti ku ah bandhigga Howard Stern Show ee qaranka . Waxa uu lahaa barnaamij sheeko gaaban oo raadiyaha ah, Trumped! , laga bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2008. Laga soo bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2015, wuxuu ahaa faallooyinka martida ee Fox & Friends . Sannadkii 2021, Trump, oo xubin ka ahaa tan iyo 1989, wuu iska casilay SAG-AFTRA si uu uga fogaado dhageysiga edbinta ee ku saabsan weerarkii Janaayo 6. Laba maalmood ka dib, ururka shaqaalaha ayaa si joogto ah u diiday isaga. ===Tababbarka iyo Xirfadlaha caanka ah=== Soo saaraha Mark Burnett ayaa Trump ka dhigay xiddig telefishan ah markii uu abuuray The Apprentice , kaas oo Trump uu martigeliyay 2004 ilaa 2015 (oo ay ku jiraan kala duwanaanshaha The Celebrity Apprentice ). Bandhigyada, waxa uu ahaa madaxa fulinta sare oo meesha ka saaray tartamayaasha odhaahda " waad cayrisay". The New York Times ayaa ugu yeedhay sawirkiisa "mid aad u faanaysi badan, oo aad u khayaali ah" naftiisa. Bandhigyadu waxay dib u dhigeen sawirka Trump malaayiin daawadayaal ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. Heshiisyada shatiga ee la xidhiidha, waxay kasbadeen in ka badan $400 milyan. ==Himilooyinka siyaasadeed ee hore== Trump wuxuu ka diiwaan gashan yahay Jamhuuriya ahaan Queens 1969 iyo Manhattan 1987; xubin ka mid ah Xisbiga Madaxbanaanida , gobolka New York ee xisbiga Reform Party , 1999; Dimuqraadiyiintii 2001 ; Jamhuuriyaddii 2009; aan xiriir la lahayn 2011; iyo Jamhuuriya 2012 [[File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor.jpg|thumb|Isagoo ka hadlaya CPAC , [[Febraayo]] 2011]] 1987, Trump wuxuu xayeysiisyo bog buuxa ah ku dhejiyay wargeysyada waaweyn oo muujinaya aragtidiisa ku aaddan siyaasadda dibadda iyo sida loo tirtiro hoos u dhaca miisaaniyadda federaalka. Sannadkii 1988-kii, waxa uu la xidhiidhay Lee Atwater , isaga oo waydiisanaya in la tixgeliyo in uu yahay musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga ee George HW Bush . Bush wuxuu codsigaas u helay "mid qariib ah oo aan la rumaysan karin". Trump waxa uu ahaa musharrax 2000 ee xisbiga Reform Party ee horudhaca madaxtinnimada saddex bilood ka hor inta uusan ka tanaasulin Febraayo 2000 . Waxa uu ka hadlay shirkii waxqabadka siyaasadda ee muxaafidka bishii Febraayo, wuxuuna khudbado ka jeediyay gobollada horudhaca ah ee horudhaca ah. Bishii Maajo 2011, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuusan tartami doonin ==2016 doorashada madaxweynaha== Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay inuu u sharaxan yahay doorashada 2016 June 2015. Waxa uu u ololeeyay sidii maalqabeen, ganacsade guul leh iyo shisheeye aan khibrad siyaasadeed lahayn, wuxuuna ku andacoodey in warbaahintu u xaglinayso isaga. Hadaladiisa ol'olaha badanaa waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan caddayn oo soo jeedin ah, iyo lambarka rikoodhku waa been. Waxa uu noqday murashaxa ugu horreeya ee Jamhuuriga bishii March 2016 waxaana lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay musharaxa Jamhuuriga ee la malaynayo bishii May [[File:Donald_Trump_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg|thumb|Ololaha Arizona, Maarso 2016]] Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay NATO mid "dhacday" iyo aragtiyo la isku halleyn karo oo lagu tilmaamay Washington Post inay yihiin kuwo aan dhexdhexaad ahayn iyo ilaalin . Ololihiisa ololaha wuxuu xooga saaray dib u gorgortanka xiriirka US-China iyo heshiisyada ganacsiga xorta ah sida NAFTA iyo si adag u dhaqan gelinta sharciyada socdaalka. Jagooyinka kale ee ololaha waxaa ka mid ah raadinta madaxbannaanida tamarta iyada oo ka soo horjeeda xeerarka isbeddelka cimilada, casriyeynta adeegyada loogu talagalay halyeeyada , baabi'inta iyo beddelka sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo , baabi'inta heerarka waxbarashada aasaasiga ah , maalgelinta kaabayaasha , fududaynta koodhka canshuurta iyada oo la dhimayo canshuuraha, iyo ku soo rogida canshuuraha soo dejinta ee shirkadaha ka shaqeeya xeebaha. Waxa uu ku taliyey in la kordhiyo kharashaadka milatariga iyo in si xad dhaaf ah loo baadho ama laga mamnuuco soogalootiga dalalka Muslimka u badan. Waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu darbi ka dhisayo xudduudda Mexico iyo Maraykanka, waxa uuna wacad ku maray in Mexico ay bixin doonto kharashka. Wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu masaafurin doono malaayiin muhaajiriin sharci darro ah oo ku nool Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaleeceeyay dhalashada dhalashada inuu dhiirigelinayo " carruurta barroosinka ah ". Sida laga soo xigtay falanqaynta Sayniska Siyaasadda ee Quarterly , Trump wuxuu sameeyay "ras-raac cad oo cunsurinimo iyo jinsiyeed ah si uu uga guuleysto codbixiyayaasha cadaanka ah" intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxtinimada ee 2016. Gaar ahaan, khudbadiisii ​​ololaha ololaha ayaa soo jiidatay dhaleeceyn ku aaddan sheegashada muhaajiriinta reer Mexico "waxay keeneen daroogo, waxay keeneen dambi, waa kufsi"; oo ka jawaabaya, NBC waxay ka eriday Xirfadlaha caanka ah . Warbixinada Trump ee FEC ee looga baahan yahay ayaa ku taxay hantida ka sareysa $1.4 bilyan iyo deymaha taagan ee ugu yaraan $315 milyan. Ma uusan sii deyn canshuur celintiisa , taasoo lid ku ah dhaqanka musharax kasta oo weyn tan iyo 1976 iyo ballanqaadkiisii ​​2014 iyo 2015 inuu sidaas sameyn doono haddii uu u tartamo jagada. ( 166 ) Wuxuu sheegay in canshuur celintiisa la baarayo , qareennadiisuna ay kula taliyeen inuusan sii deyn. Kadib dagaal dheer oo maxkamadeed oo lagu joojinayo sii deynta canshuur celintiisa iyo diiwaanada kale ee qareenka degmada Manhattan si loogu sameeyo dambi baaris, oo ay ku jiraan laba racfaan oo uu Trump u gudbiyay Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka , Febraayo 2021 maxkamadda sare waxay ogolaatay in diiwaannada loo sii daayo dacwad oogaha si ay u eegaan xeerbeegti weyn. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, qaybo ka mid ah dacwadaha gobolka Trump ee 1995 ayaa loo siidaayay wariye ka socda New York Times . Waxay muujinayaan inuu ku dhawaaqay inuu khasaaray $ 916 milyan sanadkaas, taas oo u ogolaan karta inuu ka fogaado canshuuraha ilaa 18 sano. Trump ayaa ku guuleystay 306 cod oo la ballanqaaday halka 232 ay heshay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary Clinton . Ka dib markii doorashadi labada dhinac ay ka baxeen , tirinta rasmiga ah waxay ahayd 304 ilaa 227 . Waxa uu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan ka mid ahayn ciidamada, mana qaban wax xafiis dawladeed ka hor inta uusan noqon madaxweynaha. Doorashadiisu waxay calaamad u ahayd soo noqoshada dawlad Jamhuuriya oo aan qaybsanayn . Guusha Trump waxay dhalisay mudaaharaadyo ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Maraykanka ==Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay (2017-2021)== [[File:Donald_Trump_swearing_in_ceremony.jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , oo uu maamulayo madaxa cadaalada John G. Roberts Jr. , Janaayo 20, 2017]] [[File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg|thumb|Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2017]] ===Ficilada hore=== Trump ayaa la caleemasaaray Janaayo 20, 2017. Maalin ka dib markii la caleemasaaray, qiyaastii 2.6 milyan oo qof oo adduunka ah, oo ay ku jiraan 500,000 oo ku nool Washington, DC, ayaa mudaaharaad ka dhan ah isaga oo ka qeyb qaatay socodkii haweenka . Intii lagu guda jiray usbuucii ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump wuxuu saxiixay lix amar fulineed , oo ay ku jiraan oggolaanshaha habraacyada baabi'inta sharciga ilaalinta bukaanka iyo daryeelka la awoodi karo ("Obamacare"), ka noqoshada wada-xaajoodka iskaashiga Trans-Pacific, horumarinta mashaariicda Keystone XL iyo Dakota Access Pipeline , iyo qorsheynta darbiga xadka Maraykanka ee Mexico. ===Isku dhacyada xiisaha=== Ka hor inta aan la caleema-saarin, Trump wuxuu ganacsigiisa u raray kalsooni la burin karo , halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa kalsooni indho la'aan ama habayn u dhigma "si uu naftiisa uga gooyo danihiisa ganacsi". Wuxuu sii waday inuu ka faa'iidaysto ganacsigiisa wuxuuna ogaa sida siyaasadda maamulkiisu u saamaysay. Inkasta oo uu sheegay in uu ka fogaan doono "heshiisyada cusub ee ajnabiga ah", Ururka Trump wuxuu dabagalay ballaarinta hawlgalka ee Scotland, Dubai, iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dominican. ​​Lobbyists, saraakiisha dawladda shisheeye, deeq-bixiyeyaasha Trump iyo xulafadooda ayaa boqolaal milyan oo doolar u soo ururiyay goobihiisa dalxiiska iyo hoteellada. Trump ayaa lagu dacweeyay inuu ku xad-gudbay Qodobbada Emoluments Gudaha iyo Dibadda ee Dastuurka Mareykanka , markii ugu horreysay ee qodobbada si cad loo dacweeyay. Hal kiis ayaa lagu diiday maxkamadda hoose. Labo ayaa Maxkamadda Sare ay shaqada ka cayrisay ka dib markii uu xilka qabtay. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu ugu deeqayo mushaharkiisa madaxtinnimo iyo faa'iidada uu ka helo dammaanadda shisheeye ee dawladda Maraykanka. Waxa uu ugu deeqay mushaharkiisa hay'adaha federaalka waxana uu dacaayadeeyay deeq kasta ilaa Juulay 2020. Wakaaladaha federaaliga ah ee ay sahamisay The Washington Post bishii Luulyo 2021 waxa ay sheegeen in aanay wax hadiyad ah helin wixii ka dambeeyay bishaas. Muwaadiniinta Mas'uuliyadda iyo Anshaxa ee Washington ayaa sheegay 2024 inuu ku deeqay $448,000 oo lagu qiyaasay $13.6 milyan oo lacag ah oo uu ka helay dawlado shisheeye muddadiisii ​​ugu horreysay. ===Siyaasadda gudaha=== Trump wuxuu xafiiska la wareegay meesha ugu sarreysa ballaarinta dhaqaale ee ugu dheer taariikhda Mareykanka, kaasoo bilaabmay 2009 oo socday ilaa Febraayo 2020, markii hoos u dhaca COVID-19 uu bilaabmay. Bishii Disembar 2017, wuxuu saxiixay Sharciga dhimista Canshuuraha iyo Shaqada ee 2017 . Waxay hoos u dhigtay qiimaha cashuuraha ee ganacsiyada iyo shakhsiyaadka waxayna meesha ka saartay ciqaabtii la xidhiidhay sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo . Maamulka Trump ayaa ku andacoonaya in ficilku aanu hoos u dhigi doonin dakhliga dawladda, laakiin dakhliga 2018 ayaa 7.6 boqolkiiba ka hooseeya saadaasha. Marka loo eego Trump, hoos u dhaca miisaaniyada federaalku wuxuu kordhay ku dhawaad ​​50 boqolkiiba, ilaa ku dhawaad ​​$ 1 trillion 2019. Dhammaadkii muddadiisa, deynta qaranka Mareykanka waxay kordheen 39 boqolkiiba, taasoo gaartay $ 27.75 trillion, iyo saamiga US-deficit-to-GDP ayaa ku dhuftey mid sare oo ka mid ah Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Trump waxa kale oo uu ku guuldarraystay in uu ka dhabeeyo ballan-qaadkiisii ​​ololaha ee ahaa $1 trillion oo qorshe kharash-bixineed oo kaabayaasha ah. Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee casriga ah ee Maraykanka ee xilka ka taga isaga oo ka shaqaale yar marka loo eego markii uu xilka qabtay, saddex milyan oo qof. Wuxuu diiday fikradda sayniska ee isbeddelka cimilada . Wuxuu hoos u dhigay miisaaniyada cilmi baarista tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo 40 boqolkiiba wuxuuna bedelay siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee lagu hagayay isbedelka cimilada. Wuxuu ka baxay heshiiskii Paris , taasoo ka dhigtay Mareykanka dalka kaliya ee aan ansixin. Wuxuu ujeedkiisu ahaa in kor loo qaado wax soo saarka iyo dhoofinta shidaalka fosil . Gaaska dabiiciga ah ayaa balaariyay Trump, laakiin dhuxusha ayaa sii waday hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu dib u soo celiyay in ka badan 100 xeerarka deegaanka ee federaalka, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa xakameyey qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo , wasakhowga hawada iyo biyaha, iyo isticmaalka walxaha sunta ah. Wuxuu wiiqay ilaalinta xoolaha iyo heerarka deegaanka ee mashaariicda kaabayaasha federaalka, wuxuuna balaariyay meelaha la oggol yahay ee qodista iyo soo saarista kheyraadka, sida oggolaanshaha qodista Qaxootiga Arctic . Trump wuxuu burburiyay xeerarkii federaalka ee caafimaadka, shaqada, deegaanka, iyo meelo kale, oo ay ku jiraan sharci baabi'iyay xeerkii xilligii Obama ee xaddidayay iibinta hubka dadka maskaxda ka xanuunsan. Inta lagu jiro lixdii toddobaad ee ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, wuxuu dib u dhigay, hakiyay, ama beddelay sagaashan xeer federaal ah, inta badan "kadib codsiyo ka yimid warshadaha nidaamsan". Machadka Daacadnimada Siyaasadda wuxuu ogaaday in 78 boqolkiiba soo jeedintiisa ay xannibeen maxkamadaha ama aysan ka adkaan dacwadda. Intii lagu guda jiray ololihiisa, Trump wuxuu wacad ku maray inuu baabi'in doono oo uu bedeli doono Sharciga Daryeelka La awoodi karo . Xafiiska, waxa uu hoos u dhigay fulinta sharciga iyada oo loo marayo amarada fulinta. Wuxuu muujiyay rabitaan ah inuu "u oggolaado Obamacare inuu guuldareysto"; maamulkiisu waxa uu kala badh ka dhimay xilliga is-diiwaangelinta waxana uu si weyn u dhimay dhaqaalihii loogu talo galay dhiirrigelinta diiwaangelinta. Bishii Juun 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu ku biiray 18 dawladood oo Jamhuurigu hoggaamiyo oo ku doodaya ka hor Maxkamadda Sare in baabi'inta ganaaxyada maaliyadeed ee la xidhiidha waajibaadka shakhsi ahaaneed ay ka dhigtay sharciga mid dastuuri ah. Codsigoodu wuxuu baabi'in lahaa caymiska caafimaadka ilaa 23 milyan oo Maraykan ah, laakiin kuma guulaysan. Intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016, Trump wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu ilaalin doono maalgelinta Medicare iyo barnaamijyada kale ee badbaadada bulshada. Janaayo 2020, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaanka inuu tixgeliyo dhimista iyaga. Isagoo ka jawaabaya cudurka faafa ee opioid , Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharci sanadka 2018 si loo kordhiyo maalgelinta daawaynta daroogada, laakiin waxaa si weyn loogu dhaleeceeyay inuu ku guuldareystay inuu sameeyo istiraatiijiyad la taaban karo. Wuxuu ka mamnuucay hay'adaha bixiya ilmo iska soo rididda ama u gudbinta ilmo soo rididda inay helaan lacagaha federaalka. Waxa uu sheegay in uu taageeray "guurka dhaqameed", laakiin wuxuu tixgeliyey sharcinimada waddanka oo dhan ee guurka isku jinsiga ah "la degay". Maamulkiisu waxa uu dib u rogay qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah ilaalinta goobta shaqada ee maamulka Obama ee ka dhanka ah takoorka dadka LGBTQ .Isku daygiisii ​​isku daygiisii ​​ee ilaalinta takoorka ee bukaannada transgender- ka bishii Agoosto 2020 waxaa joojiyay garsoore federaal ah ka dib markii ay xukuntay Maxkamadda Sare ay kordhisay ilaalinta xuquuqda madaniga ah ee shaqaalaha aqoonsiga jinsiga iyo jihada galmada. Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu ka soo horjeedo xakamaynta hubka , in kasta oo ay aragtidiisu is beddeshay muddo ka dib. Maamulkiisu waxa uu qaatay mawqif ka dhan ah marijuana , isaga oo burinaya siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee ilaalin jiray dawladaha sharciyeeyay marijuana. Waa u doode muddo dheer ah ee ciqaabta dilka ah, iyo maamulkiisu wuxuu kormeeray dawladda federaalka ah ee fulinta 13 maxbuus, in ka badan 56 sano ee hore marka la isku daro, oo soo afjaraya 17 sano oo joojin ah. Sannadkii 2016, wuxuu sheegay inuu taageersan yahay isticmaalka hababka jirdilka su'aalaha "jahannamo aad uga xun kan biyaha-qaadista . ===Xiriirka jinsiyadeed=== Faallooyinka Trump ee 2017 Mideynta Dibad-baxa Xaqa ah , oo cambaareeyay "bandhiggan foosha xun ee nacaybka, nacaybka iyo rabshadaha dhinacyo badan" oo sheegaya in ay jiraan "dad aad u fiican oo labada dhinac ah", ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay inay muujinayaan u dhigma akhlaaqda u dhexeeya dibad-baxayaasha sare-sare ee cadaanka ah iyo mudaaharaadayaasha. Bishii Janaayo 2018 dood ku saabsan sharciga socdaalka, waxaa la sheegay inuu u tixraacay El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, iyo wadamada Afrika sida "wadamada shithole". Hadaladiisa waxaa lagu cambaareeyay cunsurinimo. [[File:President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(49964153176).jpg|Iyadoo koox saraakiil iyo la-taliyeyaal ah ay ka soo lugeeyeen Aqalka Cad kuna sii jeeday Kaniisadda St.]] Bishii Luulyo 2019, Trump ayaa bartiisa twitterka ku soo qoray in afar haween ah oo ka tirsan Kongareeska Dimuqraadiga—dhammaan dadka laga tirada badan yahay, oo seddex ka mid ah ay u dhasheen Mareykanka - ay tahay inay " ku laabtaan " dalalkii ay "ka yimaadeen".Laba maalmood ka dib Golaha Wakiiladu waxay u codeeyeen 240-187, inta badan iyagoo raacaya xisbiyada, si ay u cambaareeyaan "faallooyinka cunsuriyadda". Daabacaada wadani ee cadaanka ah iyo warbaahinta bulshada ayaa amaanay hadaladiisa, kuwaas oo sii socday maalmaha soo socda. Waxa uu sii waday hadallo la mid ah intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2020. Bishii Juun 2020, intii lagu jiray mudaaharaadyadii George Floyd , saraakiisha fulinta sharciga federaalku waxay isticmaaleen sunta dadka ka ilmeysiisa iyo tabaha kale ee dadka si ay uga saaraan dad badan oo nabdoon oo mudaaharaadayaal sharci ah fagaaraha Lafayette , bannaanka Aqalka Cad . Trump ayaa markaa la soo baxay Kitaabka Quduuska ah si uu sawir uga qaado Kaniisadda Episcopal St. Hogaamiyeyaal ciidan oo badan oo shaqada ka fadhiistay iyo saraakiisha difaaca ayaa cambaareeyay soo jeedintiisa ah in uu isticmaalo millatariga Maraykanka mudaharaadayaasha ka soo horjeeda bilayska. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee uu Trump xilka hayay, waxa uu oggolaaday 237 codsi oo naxariis ah, taas oo ka yar dhammaan madaxweynayaashii tan iyo 1900-kii marka laga reebo George HW Bush iyo George W. Bush . Keliya 25 iyaga ka mid ah ayaa waxaa shaandheeyay Xafiiska Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Xafiiska Qareenka Cafiska ; kuwa kale waxaa la siiyay dadka xiriirka shakhsi ahaaneed ama siyaasadeed ee isaga, qoyskiisa, iyo xulafadiisa, ama ay ku taliyaan dadka caanka ah. Maalintii ugu dambaysay ee uu xafiiska joogay, waxa uu ogolaaday 73 cafis waxana uu ka khafiifiyay 70 xukun. Dhawr xulafada Trump ah uma qalmin cafis marka loo eego xeerarka Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo xaalado kale waaxdu waxay ka soo horjeedsatay naxariista. Cafiskii saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan ciidanka milatariga oo lagu helay ama lagu soo oogay dambiyo rabshado wata ayaa waxaa ka soo horjeestay hogaamiyayaasha ciidamada. ===Socdaalka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg|thumb|Baarista tusaalaha darbiga xadka ee Otay Mesa, California]] Madaxweyne ahaan, Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay socdaalka sharci darrada ah inuu yahay "duulaanka" Maraykanka oo uu si weyn u kordhiyay fulinta socdaalka. Wuxuu hirgeliyay siyaasado adag oo ka dhan ah magangalyo-doonka wuxuuna u daabulay ku dhawaad ​​6,000 oo askari xadka US-Mexico si ay u joojiyaan isgoysyada sharci darrada ah. Waxa uu hoos u dhigay tirada qaxootiga loo ogolaaday in ay diiwaan gashadaan, laga bilaabo xadka sanadlaha ah ee 110,000 ka hor inta uusan xafiiska la wareegin 15,000 ee 2021 . Mid ka mid ah ballamihiisii ​​ololaha dhexe waxa ay ahayd in uu derbi ka dhisayo xudduudda US-Mexico ; intii lagu jiray xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Maraykanku wuxuu dhisay 73 mayl (117 km) oo derbi ah meelaha aan lahayn caqabadaha iyo 365 mayl (587 km) si uu u beddelo caqabadaha hore. 2018, diidmada Trump ee ah in uu saxeexo kharash kasta oo kharash ah ilaa ay u qoondaysay maalgelinta darbiga xuduudka waxay keentay xidhidhkii ugu dheeraa abid ee dawladda dhexe , muddo 35 maalmood ah laga bilaabo Disembar 2018 ilaa Janaayo 2019. Si looga fogaado xidhitaan kale, Koongarasku waxa uu soo saaray biil dhaqaale oo dhan $1.4 bilyan oo loogu talagalay dayrarka xuduudaha bishii Febraayo. Trump ayaa markii dambe ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo heer qaran ah oo ku taal xudduudda koonfureed si uu u leexiyo $ 6.1 bilyan oo maalgelin ah derbiga xudduudaha inkastoo congress-ka is khilaafeen. Bishii Janaayo 2017, Trump wuxuu saxiixay amar fulin oo u diidaya inay soo galaan muwaadiniinta lix waddan oo Muslimiin u badan afar bilood iyo inay ka yimaadaan Suuriya si aan xad lahayn. Amarka ayaa sababay mudaaharaadyo badan iyo caqabado sharci taasoo keentay amarro dalka oo dhan ah . Amarka dib loo eegay oo bixiya qaar ka reeban ayaa sidoo kale xannibay maxkamadaha, laakiin Maxkamadda Sare waxay xukuntay bishii Juun in mamnuucida la fulin karo kuwa ka maqan " xidhiidh daacad ah oo lala yeesho qof ama hay'ad" gudaha Maraykanka saraakiil, laakiin waxay ka saareen Ciraaq iyo Suudaan. Maxkamadda Sare waxay ogolaatay in noocaas uu dhaqan galo Diseembar 2017, oo ugu dambeyntii taageertay xayiraadda 2019. Laga soo bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu lahaa siyaasad kala qaybsanaan qoys oo kala saaray in ka badan 4,400 carruurta soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee waalidkood, 2 ee Maraykanka . Siyaasad aan hore loo arag. ayaa dalka ka dhalisay cadho dadweyne. Inkasta oo Trump uu markii hore eedaynayay Dimuqraadiyiinta oo uu ku adkaystay inuusan joojin karin siyaasadda amarka fulinta, wuxuu aqbalay cadaadiska dadweynaha bishii Juun 2018 wuxuuna amray in qoysaska soogalootiga sharci-darrada ah la wada xiro haddii aysan "ay jirin walaac" khatarta ilmaha. Garsooraha ayaa markii dambe amar ku bixiyay in qoysaska la isu keeno oo kala fogaansho dheeraad ah la joojiyo marka laga reebo xaalado xaddidan, inkastoo in ka badan 1,000 carruur dheeraad ah laga soocay qoysaskooda amarka ka dib. ===Siyaasada Arimaha Dibada=== [[File:-G7Biarritz_(48616362963).jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyayaasha G7 ayaa shir madaxeedka 45-aad ee Fransiiska, 2019]] Trump wuxuu isku tilmaamay inuu yahay "qaraniyad" iyo siyaasadiisa arrimaha dibadda " Ameerika 1aad ". Waxa uu taageeray dawladihii populist , neo-nationalist , iyo dawlado kali-talis ah. Saadalin la'aan, hubanti la'aan, iyo iswaafaqla'aan ayaa lagu gartaa xiriirka dibadda intii uu xilka hayay. Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo xulafadiisa reer Yurub waxa uu ahaa mid xun intii uu Trump joogay. Wuxuu dhaleeceeyay xulafada NATO wuxuuna si gaar ah u soo jeediyay in Maraykanku ka baxo NATO . Trump wuxuu taageeray siyaasado badan oo ka mid ah siyaasadaha ra'iisul wasaaraha Israel Benjamin Netanyahu . Sannadkii 2020, Trump waxa uu martigeliyay saxeexa heshiiskii Abraham ee u dhexeeyay Israa’iil iyo Imaaraadka Carabta iyo Baxrayn si ay caadi uga dhigaan xidhiidhkooda dibadda. [[File:President_Trump_%26_the_First_Lady%27s_Trip_to_Europe_(42547210635).jpg|thumb|Isagoo gacan qaadaya madaxweynaha [[Ruushka]] Vladimir Putin intii lagu jiray shirkii 2018 ee Helsinki , [[Finland]]]] Trump ayaa dagaal ganacsi la bilaabay Shiinaha 2018 ka dib markii uu ku soo rogay canshuuro iyo caqabado kale oo ganacsi oo uu sheegay in ay ku qasbi doonto Shiinaha in ay soo afjarto ku dhaqanka ganacsiga cadaalad darada ah ee mudada dheer soo jiray iyo ku xadgudubka hantida garaadka . Trump waxa uu wiiqay cunaqabatayntii ugu adkeyd ee uu Maraykanku soo rogay ka dib markii 2014 uu Ruushku la wareegay Kiirymiia . Trump wuu ammaanay oo, sida ay sheegeen qaar ka mid ah dadka dhaleeceeyay, dhif ayuu u dhaleeceeyay madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin , inkasta oo uu ka soo horjeestay tallaabooyinka qaar ee dawladda Ruushka. Waxa uu Maraykanka ka saaray heshiiska dhex-dhexaadka ah ee ciidamada Nukliyeerka , isaga oo u cuskanaya in Ruushku aanu u hoggaansamin, oo uu taageeray suurtagalnimada in Ruushku ku soo laabto G7 . Iyada oo hubka Nukliyeerka ee Waqooyiga Kuuriya loo arkayay khatar halis ah, Trump wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Maraykan ah ee la kulma hoggaamiyaha Kuuriyada Waqooyi, oo la kulmay Kim Jong Un saddex jeer : Singapore bishii Juun 2018, Hanoi bishii Febraayo 2019, iyo Aagga Dillatari ee Kuuriya ee Juun 2019 ===Shaqaale=== Dhammaadkii sannadkii ugu horreeyay ee Trump xafiiska, 34 boqolkiiba shaqaalahiisa asalka ah waa ay iska casileen, shaqada laga eryay, ama waa la bedelay. Ilaa Luulyo 2018, 61 boqolkiiba kaaliyeyaashiisa sare ayaa ka tagay iyo shaqaalaha 141 ayaa ka tagay sannadkii hore. Labada tiroba waxay dhigayaan rikoodh madaxweynayaashii dhawaa. Kaaliyeyaasha gaarka ah ee u dhow Trump ayaa shaqada ka tagay ama lagu qasbay. Waxa uu si cad u bahdilay dhowr ka mid ah saraakiishiisii ​​ugu sarraysay. Trump wuxuu lahaa afar madax oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad , isaga oo fogeynaya ama riixaya dhowr. Bishii Maajo 2017, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay agaasimihii FBI James Comey , isagoo sheegay maalmo ka dib inuu ka walaacsan yahay doorka Comey ee baaritaannada Trump iyo Ruushka. Saddex ka mid ah 15-kii xubnood ee asalka ahaa ee Trump ayaa baxay ama lagu qasbay inay is casilaan sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay. Trump wuu ka gaabiyay inuu magacaabo saraakiisha heerka labaad ee waaxda fulinta, isagoo sheegay in jagooyin badan oo aan loo baahnayn. Bishii Oktoobar 2017, waxaa jiray boqollaal jagooyin hoosaadyo ah oo aan la magacaabin. Ilaa Janaayo 8, 2019, ee 706 jagooyin muhiim ah, 433 ayaa la buuxiyay mana uusan u magacaabin 264. ===Garsoorka=== Trump ayaa magacaabay 226 garsoore oo heer federaal ah , oo ay ku jiraan 54 ka mid ah maxkamadaha rafcaanka iyo saddex ka mid ah maxkamadda sare : Neil Gorsuch , Brett Kavanaugh , iyo Amy Coney Barrett . Magacaabistiisa Maxkamadda Sare waxay siyaasad ahaan u wareejisay Maxkamadda dhinaca midig. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ballan qaaday in Roe v. Wade la rogi doono "si toos ah" haddii isaga la doorto oo la siiyo fursad uu ku magacaabo laba ama saddex garsoorayaasha ka hortagga ilmo soo rididda. Ka dib waxa uu qaatay sumcad markii Roe uu afgembiyay Dobbs v. Jackson Ururka Caafimaadka Haweenka 2022; Dhammaan saddexdii xubnood ee uu soo magacaabay Maxkamadda Sare waxay ku codeeyeen aqlabiyadda. Trump wuxuu quudhsaday maxkamadaha iyo garsoorayaasha uu ku khilaafay, inta badan qaab shakhsiyeed, wuxuuna su'aal galiyay awoodda dastuuriga ah ee garsoorka. Weerradiisa uu ku qaaday maxkamadaha ayaa waxaa ka dhashay canaan ka timid goobjoogayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan garsoorayaal heer federaal ah oo fadhiyey, kuwaas oo ka walaacsanaa saamaynta hadalladiisu ku yeelan karaan madaxbannaanida garsoorka iyo kalsoonida shacabku ku qabaan garsoorka. ===Cudurka caalamiga ah covid-19=== [[File:White_House_Press_Briefing_(49666120807).jpg|thumb|Qabashada war-saxaafadeed COVID-19 ah oo lala yeelanayo xubnaha Aqalka Cad ee Hawl-galka Coronavirus Maarso 15, 2020]] Trump ayaa markii hore iska dhaga tiray digniinaha caafimaadka bulshada iyo baaqyada ah in tallaabo laga qaado saraakiisha caafimaadka ee maamulkiisa. Trump wuxuu aasaasay Ciidanka Aqalka Cad ee Coronavirus bishii Janaayo 29. Bishii Maarso 27, wuxuu saxiixay sharciga CARES Act - $ 2.2 trillion biilka kicinta dhaqaalaha laba geesoodka ah - kicinta ugu weyn taariikhda Mareykanka. Ka dib toddobaadyo weeraro ah si ay uga fogaato jawaabtiisa gaabis ah, Trump wuxuu joojiyay maalgelinta Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka bishii Abriil. Bishii Abriil 2020, kooxaha ku xiran Jamhuuriga ayaa abaabulay mudaaharaadyo ka dhan ah qufulka oo looga soo horjeedo tallaabooyinka ay dowladaha gobolladu qaadayeen si ay ula dagaallamaan masiibada; Trump ayaa ku dhiirigeliyay mudaaharaadyada Twitter-ka , in kasta oo dawladaha la beegsaday aysan la kulmin tilmaamaha maamulkiisa ee dib u furitaanka. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u cadaadiyay hay'adaha caafimaadka federaalka inay qaadaan tallaabooyin uu doorbiday, sida oggolaanshaha daaweynta aan la xaqiijin. Bishii Oktoobar, Trump waxa la dhigay cusbitaalka Xarunta Caafimaadka Qaranka ee Walter Reed muddo saddex maalmood ah iyada oo uu jiro kiis daran oo ah COVID-19 ===Baaritaanada=== Ka dib markii uu la wareegay xafiiska, Trump wuxuu ahaa mawduuca kordhinta Waaxda Caddaaladda iyo kormeerka Kongareeska, iyada oo la baarayo ololihiisa doorashada, kala-guurka, iyo caleema saarka, tallaabooyinkii la qaaday intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa, ganacsigiisa gaarka ah , canshuuraha shakhsi ahaaneed, iyo aasaaska samafalka . Waxaa jiray toban baaritaan dembi oo federaal ah, siddeed gobol iyo baaritaanno maxalli ah, iyo laba iyo toban baaritaan oo kongareeska ah. Bishii Luulyo 2016, FBI waxay bilawday duufaanta Crossfire , baaritaan ku saabsan xiriirka suurtagalka ah ee ka dhexeeya Ruushka iyo ololaha Trump ee 2016. Kadib markii Trump uu shaqada ka eryay Comey bishii Maajo 2017, FBI-da ayaa furtay baaritaan labaad oo ku saabsan xiriirkii shakhsi ahaaneed iyo ganacsi ee Trump uu la yeeshay Ruushka . Bishii Janaayo 2017, saddex hay'adood oo sirdoon oo Mareykan ah ayaa si wadajir ah u sheegay "kalsooni sare" in Ruushku uu farageliyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump. Shaki badan xidhiidho ka dhexeeya saaxiibada Trump iyo saraakiisha Ruushka ayaa la ogaaday. Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Ruushka ee doorashada. Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah ayaa markii dambe loo wareejiyay baaritaanka qareenka gaarka ah ee Robert Mueller ; Baaritaanka ku saabsan xiriirka Trump iyo Ruushka waxaa soo afjaray ku xigeenka xeer ilaaliyaha guud Rod Rosenstein ka dib markii uu u sheegay FBI in Mueller uu sii wadi doono arrinta. Codsiga Rosenstein, baaritaanka Mueller wuxuu baaray arrimaha dambiyada "ee la xiriira faragelinta doorashada 2016 ee Ruushka". Mueller ayaa soo gudbiyay warbixintiisii ​​u dambaysay bishii March 2019. Warbixintu waxay ogaatay in Ruushku uu farageliyay 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump iyo in Trump iyo ololihiisii ​​ay soo dhaweeyeen oo ay dhiiri galiyeen dadaalka, laakiin caddaynta "ma aysan xaqiijin" in Ruushka ama xubnaha ololaha Trump ay abaabuleen. Trump waxa uu ku andacooday in warbixintaasi ay ka saartay isaga in kasta oo Mueller uu qoray in aanay taasi dhicin. Warbixintu waxay sidoo kale faahfaahisay carqaladaynta suurtagalka ah ee caddaaladda ee Trump, laakiin "ma aysan soo saarin gabagabada kama dambaysta ah" oo ka tagtay go'aanka lagu soo oogay sharciyada Congress-ka. Bishii Abriil 2019, Guddiga Kormeerka ee Aqalka ayaa soo saaray amar maxkamadeed oo ay ku raadinayaan faahfaahin maaliyadeed bangiyada Trump, Deutsche Bank iyo Capital One , iyo shirkaddiisa xisaabaadka, Mazars USA . Wuxuu dacweeyay bangiyada, Mazars, iyo guddoomiyaha guddiga Elijah Cummings si looga hortago in la shaaciyo. Bishii Maajo, laba garsoore ayaa xukuntay in Mazars iyo bangiyada labadaba ay tahay inay u hoggaansamaan amar-qaadista; . Qareennada Trump ayaa racfaan ka qaatay. Bishii Sebtembar 2022, Trump iyo guddiga ayaa ku heshiiyey heshiis ku saabsan Mazars, shirkadduna waxay bilowday inay wareejiso dukumentiyada. ===Eedaynta=== [[File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_(49498772251).jpg|thumb|Soo bandhigida cinwaanka "Trump waa la sii daayay" 2020]] Trump waxaa laba jeer xilka ka xayuubiyey aqalka kongress-ka, in kastoo aqalka senate-ka ay labada jeerba dambi ku soo oogeen. Xil ka qaadistii ugu horeysay ayaa ka dhalatay cabasho sir ah oo [[Bilaha]] [[Luuliyo]] 2019 Trump ku cadaadiyay madaxweynaha [[Yukrayn]] [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] inuu baadho Joe iyo Hunter [[Biden]], isagoo isku dayaya inuu faa'iido ka helo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2020 . Bishii [[Disembar]] 2019, aqalku wuxuu u codeeyay in Trump lagu soo oogo ku takri fal awoodeed iyo carqaladeyn Kongress-ka , iyo Senatka ayaa dambi ku waayay [[Febraayo]] 2020. Xil ka qaadista labaad ayaa timid ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo ee Capitol, kaas oo aqalku uu Trump ku soo oogay in uu kiciyay kacdoon 13-kii Janaayo 2021. Trump ayaa xafiiska ka tagay 20-kii Janaayo, waxaana lagu sii daayay Febraayo 13. Todobo senate oo Jamhuuriya ayaa u codeeyay xukun. ===2020 doorashada madaxweynaha=== Trump wuxuu xareeyay inuu u tartamo dib-u-doorashada saacado yar uun ka dib markii uu noqday madaxweynaha 2017. Waxa uu qabtay isu soo baxkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee dib-u-doorashada wax ka yar bil ka dib markii uu xafiiska qabtay wuxuuna si rasmi ah u noqday musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga Agoosto 2020. Ololaha Trump wuxuu diiradda saaray dambiyada, isagoo ku andacoonaya in magaalooyinka ay hoos ugu dhici doonaan sharci-darro haddii Dimuqraadigu ku guuleysto doorashada. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u beeniyey boosaska Biden wuxuuna ka codsaday cunsuriyadda. Laga bilaabo horraantii 2020, Trump wuxuu abuuray shaki ku saabsan doorashada, isagoo ku andacoonaya caddayn la'aan in la musuqmaasuqi doono iyo in isticmaalka baahsan ee waraaqaha waraaqaha ay soo saari doonto khiyaamo doorasho oo ballaaran. Wuxuu xannibay maalgelinta Adeegga Boostada Mareykanka , isagoo sheegay inuu doonayo inuu ka hortago koror kasta oo ku yimaada codbixinta boostada. Wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu diiday inuu sheego inuu aqbali doono natiijada haddii laga guulaysto oo uu ballan qaado in si nabad ah xukunka loogu kala wareejiyo . ===Luminta Biden iyo diidmada natiijada=== Biden wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii November 2020, isagoo helay 81.3 milyan cod (51.3 boqolkiiba) Trump's 74.2 milyan (46.8 boqolkiiba ) iyo 306 codadka doorashada ee Trump 's 232 . subaxa ka dib doorashada. Maalmo ka dib, markii Biden la saadaaliyay in uu guulaysanayo, Trump waxa uu si aan sal iyo raad toona lahayn u eedeeyay musuqmaasuqa doorashada. Iyadoo qayb ka ah dadaalka lagu doonayo in lagu baabi'iyo natiijada , Trump iyo xulafadiisa ayaa gudbiyay dacwado badan oo ka dhan ah natiijooyinka , kuwaas oo ay diideen ugu yaraan 86 garsoore oo ka tirsan maxkamadaha gobolka iyo federaalka labadaba iyagoo aan lahayn wax xaqiiqo ah ama sharci ah. Eedeymaha Trump waxaa sidoo kale beeniyay saraakiisha doorashada ee gobolka, Maxkamadda Sare ayaa diiday in ay dhageysato kiis lagu codsanayo in la baabi'iyo natiijada afar gobol oo uu ku guuleystay Biden. Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u raadsaday caawimo si uu u rogo natiijooyinka, isaga oo shakhsi ahaan cadaadis saaraya Jamhuuriga maxalliga ah iyo kuwa haya xafiisyada gobolka, Sharci-dejiyaha Jamhuuriga, Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo Madaxweyne Ku-Xigeenka Pence, oo ku boorriyay ficillada sida beddelka cod-bixiyeyaasha madaxweynaha , ama in saraakiisha Georgia ay ku dhawaaqeen natiijada "dhammaan" Toddobaadyadii doorashada ka dib, Trump wuu ka baxay hawlihii guud. Waxa uu markii hore ka horjoogsaday saraakiisha dawladda in ay la shaqeeyaan Biden ee ku-meel-gaadhka madaxweynenimada . Saddex toddobaad ka dib, maamulaha Maamulka Adeegyada Guud wuxuu ku dhawaaqay Biden "guuleeyaha muuqda" ee doorashada, isaga oo u oggolaanaya bixinta agabka kala-guurka kooxdiisa. Inkastoo Trump uu sheegay in uu ku taliyay in GSA ay bilowdo hab-maamuuska kala-guurka, weli si rasmi ah uma uusan aqbalin. Trump kama uusan qeybgalin xafladdii Biden ee Janaayo 20. ===Janaayo 6-dii weerarkii Capitol=== Bishii Disembar 2020, waxaa soo baxay warbixino sheegaya in hoggaamiyeyaasha millatariga Mareykanka ay heegan sare ku jireen, saraakiisha darajo sarena ay ka wada hadleen waxa la sameeyo haddii Trump uu ku dhawaaqo sharciga dagaalka . Agaasimaha CIA Gina Haspel iyo General General Mark Milley , oo ah gudoomiyaha Taliyaasha Wadajirka ah ee Shaqaalaha , ayaa ka walaacsanaa in Trump uu isku dayo inqilaab ama tallaabo militari oo ka dhan ah Shiinaha ama Iran. Milley wuxuu ku adkaystay in lagala tashado amar kasta oo militari oo ka yimaada Trump, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka hubka nukliyeerka. [[File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_(50820534063)_(retouched).jpg|thumb|Dadweyne taageersan Trump intii uu weerarka socday]] Duhurnimadii Janaayo 6, 2021, iyadoo Congress-ka uu caddaynayay natiijada doorashada madaxtinimada ee Capitol US , Trump wuxuu ku qabtay isu soo bax ka dhacay Ellipse oo u dhow . Isagoo ka hadlayay gadaasha muraayad dhalo ah, wuxuu ku baaqay in doorashada la rogo wuxuuna ku booriyay taageerayaashiisa inay "la dagaalamaan sida cadaabta" oo "ay dib u soo ceshadaan waddankeena" iyagoo u socda Capitol. Taageerayaashiisa ayaa markaa sameeyay koox koox ah oo jebisay dhismaha , carqaladeeyay shahaadada waxayna sababtay daad-gureynta Congress-kaaIintii lagu guda jiray weerarka, Trump wuxuu ku dhajiyay baraha bulshada laakiin ma uusan weydiisan rabshado inay kala firdhiyaan. Qoraal uu soo dhigay bartiisa Twitter -ka 6-dii maqribnimo ayuu u sheegay in ay “Guryaha ku tagaan jacayl & nabad”, waxa uu ugu yeeray “wadani-weyn”, waxa uuna ku celiyay in uu ku guuleystay doorashada. Koongarasku mar dambe ayaa dib loo furay oo xaqiijiyay guushii Biden saacadihii hore ee Janaayo 7. In ka badan 140 booliis ah ayaa ku dhaawacmay, shan qofna way dhinteen intii uu socday ama ka dib weerarka. Dhacdadan ayaa lagu tilmaamay isku day afgambi oo uu sameeyay Trump. ==Inta u dhaxaysa madaxweynayaasha (2021-2025)== Markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ku noolaado Mar-a-Lago, isaga oo xafiis ka samaystay halkaas sida uu dhigayo sharciga madaxweynayaashii hore . Sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee sii socota ee ku saabsan doorashada 2020 waxaa caadi ahaan loogu yeeraa " beenta weyn " ee uu dhaleeceeyay, inkastoo May 2021, isaga iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa ay bilaabeen isticmaalka ereyga si ay u tixraacaan doorashada lafteeda. Xisbiga Jamhuurigu wuxuu u adeegsaday sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee ku saabsan doorashada si uu ugu caddeeyo soo rogida xannibaadaha codbixinta cusub ee ay ku jirto. Wuxuu sii waday inuu ku cadaadiyo sharci-dejiyeyaasha gobolka inay joojiyaan doorashada. Si ka duwan madaxweynayaashii hore ee kale, Trump wuxuu sii waday inuu xukumo xisbigiisa; profile 2022 ee New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay inuu yahay madaxa xisbiga casriga ah . Waxa uu sii waday lacag ururinta, isaga oo kor u qaaday xabad dagaal oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan laba jeer xisbiga Jamhuuriga, oo uu ka faa'iidaystay lacag ururinta musharaxiin badan oo Jamhuuri ah oo lagu qabtay Mar-a-Lago. Inta badan waxa uu diiradda saaray maamulka xisbiga iyo in uu xilal muhiim ah ka dhigo saraakiil isaga daacad u ah. Doorashadii xilliga dhexe ee 2022 , wuxuu taageeray in ka badan 200 oo musharraxiin ah oo u tartamaya xafiisyo kala duwan. Bishii Febraayo 2021, wuxuu diiwaangeliyay shirkad cusub, Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG), si ay u siiso "adeegyada isku xirka bulshada" macaamiisha Mareykanka. Bishii Maarso 2024, TMTG waxay ku biirtay shirkad soo iibsata ujeedo gaar ah oo Digital World Acquisition waxayna noqotay shirkad dadweyne . Bishii Febraayo 2022, TMTG waxay bilowday Truth Social , oo ah madal warbaahinta bulshada ah. ===Arrimaha sharciga=== Sannadkii 2019-kii, wariye E. Jean Carroll ayaa ku eedeeyay Trump inuu kufsaday 1990-meeyadii, wuxuuna ku dacweeyay sumcad-dil uu u geystay diidmadiisa. Carroll ayaa mar kale dacweeyay 2022 batari iyo sumcad dil dheeraad ah. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay xadgudub galmo iyo sumcad dil waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo $ 5 milyan hal kiis iyo $ 83.3 milyan kan kale. Maxkamadaha rafcaanka federaalku waxay taageereen natiijooyinkii iyo abaal-marintii Diseembar 2024 iyo Sebtembar 2025, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sannadkii 2022, New York waxay soo gudbisay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyada oo ku eedaysay inuu sare u qaaday qiimaha Ururka Trump si uu faa'iido uga helo bixiyeyaasha iyo bangiyada. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo ku dhawaad ​​$355 milyan oo lagu daray dulsaar. Bishii Agoosto 2025, maxkamadda rafcaanku waxay taageertay mas'uuliyadda Trump iyo ganaaxyada aan lacagta ahayn laakiin waxay meesha ka saartay ciqaabta lacageed oo xad dhaaf ah [[File:Classified_intelligence_material_found_during_search_of_Mar-a-Lago.jpg|thumb|Walax sirdoon oo sir ah ayaa la helay intii lagu jiray raadinta Mar-a-Lago]] Iyada oo la xidhiidha dadaalka Trump ee uu ku doonayo in uu ku joojiyo doorashada 2020 iyo ku lug lahaanshaha weerarkii January 6, December 2022 guddiga Aqalka Maraykanka ee weerarka ayaa soo jeediyay eedeymaha dambiyada ka dhanka ah isaga oo hor istaagay dacwad rasmi ah , shirqool lagu khiyaameeyay Maraykanka , iyo kicinta ama caawinta kacdoonka. Bishii Agoosto 2023, xeerbeegti weyn oo ku taal Fulton County, Georgia , ayaa ku soo oogtay 13 eedeymo, oo ay ku jiraan racketeering , dadaalkiisa uu ku doonayo inuu ku dumiyo doorashada 2020 ee gobolka. Bishii Janaayo 2022, Maamulka Kaydka iyo Diiwaanka Qaranka ayaa soo saaray 15 sanduuq oo dukumeenti ah oo Trump u qaaday Mar-a-Lago ka dib markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo qaarkood la sifeeyay. Baaritaankii Waaxda Caddaaladda ee xigay, mas'uuliyiintu waxay ka soo saareen dukumeentiyo sir ah oo badan oo qareenadiisa ah. Agoosto 8, 2022, wakiilada FBI waxay Mar-a-Lago ka baadheen dukumeenti si sharci darro ah loo haysto, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa jebinta sharciga basaasnimada , ururinta 11 dukumeenti qarsoodi ah, qaar sir sare leh. Xeer -beegti heer federaal ah oo uu sameeyay La-taliyaha Gaarka ah Jack Smith ayaa Trump ku soo oogay bishii Juun 2023 31 dacwadood oo ah "si ula kac ah u haynta macluumaadka difaaca qaranka" sida hoos timaada Xeerka Basaasnimada , iyo eedeymo kale. Trump wuu diiday dambiga. Bishii Luulyo 2024, garsoore Aileen Cannon ayaa meesha ka saaray kiiska , xukunka Smith magacaabistiisa xeer ilaaliye gaar ah wuxuu ahaa sharci darro. Bishii Maajo 2024, Trump waxaa lagu xukumay 34 dacwadood oo dembi ah oo ka been sheegay diiwaannada ganacsiga . Kiisku wuxuu ka yimid caddayn ah inuu ballansaday lacag-bixinnada lacagta-ka-soo-baxa ee Michael Cohen ee jilaa filimada qaangaarka ah ee Stormy Daniels sida kharashaadka ganacsiga si uu u daboolo eedeymihiisii ​​2006-2007 ee Daniels intii lagu jiray doorashadii 2016. Janaayo 10, 2025, xaakimku wuxuu siiyay Trump xukun ciqaab la'aan ah oo loo yaqaan siideyn shuruud la'aan ah, isagoo sheegay in shuruudaha ciqaabta ay faragelinayaan xasaanadda madaxweynaha. Ka dib markii dib loo doortay, kiiskii carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 iyo kiiskii dukumeentiyada qarsoodiga ahaa waa la eryay iyada oo aan la eedayn siyaasada Waaxda Cadaaladda ee ka dhanka ah dacwad qaadista madaxweynayaasha. ==2024 doorashada madaxweynaha== Bishii Noofambar 2022, Trump wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu u tartamayo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2024 wuxuuna abuuray akoon lacag ururin ah. Bishii Maarso 2023, ololuhu wuxuu bilaabay inuu u weeciyo boqolkiiba toban deeqaha hoggaankiisa PAC . Ololihiisu waxa uu bixiyay $100 milyan oo ku wajahan biilasha sharciga ah March 2024. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump wuxuu sameeyay hadallo rabshado wata oo isa soo taraya. Waxa uu sheegay in uu hubayn doono FBI-da iyo Waaxda Caddaaladda ee ka soo horjeeda siyaasaddiisa oo uu u adeegsado militariga si uu u beegsado siyaasiyiinta Dimuqraadiga ah iyo kuwa aan taageersanayn musharaxnimadiisa. Wuxuu adeegsaday hadallo ka daran oo bini'aadantinimada ka dhan ah intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa. Hadalkiisa, isaga oo ugu yeeraya mucaaradkiisa siyaasadeed "cadow", cayayaan, iyo faashiistaha, ayaa taariikhyahannada iyo aqoonyahannada qaarkood ku tilmaameen kalitalisnimo, faashiste oo ka duwan wax kasta oo musharax siyaasadeed uu waligiis ku sheegay taariikhda Mareykanka. Da'da iyo welwelka caafimaadka ayaa sidoo kale kacday intii lagu jiray ololaha, iyada oo dhowr khabiiro caafimaad ah ay muujinayaan kororka xamaasada, hadalka jilicsan iyo dabeecadda . Trump wuxuu xusay "doorasho la musuq-maasuqay" iyo "faragelin doorashada" ka hor iyo in ka badan intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016 iyo 2020 wuxuuna diiday inuu ballan qaado inuu aqbalo natiijada doorashada 2024. Falanqeeyayaasha New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay tan sida xoojinta "madaxyada aan ku guuleysto; dabo aad khiyaamayso" xeeladaha hadal; Wargeysku waxa uu sheegay in sheegashada doorashada lagu shubtay ay noqotay laf dhabarta ololaha. July 13, 2024, Trump ayaa dhegta lagu toogtay isku day dil oo ka dhacay isu soo bax olole oo ka dhacay magaalada Butler Township, Pennsylvania . Laba maalmood ka dib, Shirweynihii Qaranka ee Jamhuuriga ee 2024 ayaa u magacaabay musharaxa madaxweynenimo. Bishii Sebtembar, waa la bartilmaameedsaday laakiin waxba ma gaarin isku day dil oo Florida ka dhacay . Trump wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii Noofambar 2024 isagoo helay 312 codadka doorashada madaxweyne ku xigeenka Kamala Harris's 226. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku guuleystay codadka caanka ah 49.8% Harris' 48.3%. Guushiisa 2024 waxay qayb ka ahayd dib-u-dhac caalami ah oo ka dhan ah xisbiyada xilka haya, oo qayb weyn ka ah sicir bararka 2021-2023 . Dhowr xarumood ayaa ku tilmaamay dib u doorashadiisa soo laabasho aan caadi ahayn. ==Madaxweynaha 2aad (2025- hadda)== [[File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_(2025)_(alternate).jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , waxaa maamula madaxa cadaalada John Roberts , [[Janaayo]] 20, 2025]] Trump wuxuu bilaabay markiisa labaad markii uu xilka qabtay Janaayo 20, 2025. Wuxuu noqday shaqsiga ugu da'da weyn ee qabta xilka madaxtinimo , madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee dambi culus lagu soo oogay, iyo qofkii labaad ee laba xilli oo aan isku xigta madaxweyne ka noqdo. Isku daygiisii ​​uu ku doonayay inuu ku balaadhiyo awoodda madaxweynaha iyo iska horimaadyada maxkamadaha ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay sifada qeexaysa xilligiisa labaad. ===Ficilada hore, 2025- hadda=== Markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, Trump waxa uu saxeexay amarro fulineed oo taxane ah . Qaar badan oo kuwan ka mid ah waxay tijaabiyeen awooddiisa sharci, waxayna soo saareen tallaabo sharci oo degdeg ah. Wuxuu soo saaray amaro fulineed ka badan maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne kasta. Afar maalmood oo ka mid ah xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad, falanqaynta uu sameeyay Time waxay ogaatay in ku dhawaad ​​​​saddex-meelood laba meelood ee ficilladiisa fulinta "muraayada ama qayb ahaan muraayadda" soo jeedinta Mashruuca 2025 . Toddobaadyadiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, dhowr ka mid ah ficilladiisa ayaa iska indhatiray ama ku xad-gudbay sharciyada federaalka, qawaaniinta, iyo Dastuurka sida ay qabaan culimada sharciga ee Mareykanka. Bishii ugu horreysay ee maamulkiisa, Trump wuxuu soo saaray sagaashan amar fulineed, qoraallo, iyo awaamiir. Waxa uu u adeegsaday dawladda si uu u beegsado dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda iyo ficilladiisa ka dhanka ah bulshada rayidka ah ayay khubarada sharciga iyo boqollaal saynisyahano siyaasadeed ku tilmaameen mid keli-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Awaamiirtiisa iyo ficilladiisa waxaa ka soo horjeestay in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo dalka oo dhan ah, iyada oo intooda badan ay weli u socdaan maxkamadaha July 2. ===Iskahorimaadyada xiisaha, 2025 - hadda=== Madaxtinimadii labaad ee Trump waxaa lagu tilmaamay in uu leeyahay ilaalin yar oo ka dhan ah iskahorimaadyada danaha marka loo eego kii ugu horreeyay, iyo jabinta tobannaan sano oo xeerarka anshaxa. Waxa uu sii waday shirkad si guud looga ganacsado oo ku taal Trump Media & Technology Group , wuxuuna u kala beddelay adeegyo maaliyadeed. Waxa uu daba galay heshiisyo cusub oo hanti ma guurto ah oo dibadda ah oo ay ku lug leeyihiin hay'ado dawladeed oo xidhiidh la leh, waxana uu lahaa dhawr shirkadood oo calaamadayn iyo shati bixin ah oo uu ku iibinayo badeecooyinka sumadda Trump. Waxa uu ka faa'iideystey xafladaha lagu qabto hoteeladiisa iyo koorsooyinkiisa golf-ka, hantidiisana ma gelin kalsooni indho-la'aan ah, sidii madaxweynayaashii hore ay yeeli jireen. Bishii Agoosto 2025, shaacinta qasabka ah ee Trump ee maalgashiga ayaa muujisay in, tan iyo markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, uu sameeyay 690 iibsasho curaarta degmada iyo saamiyada shirkadaha oo wadartoodu ay dhan tahay ugu yaraan $104 milyan. Waxaa ku jiray saamiyada shirkadaha ay saameeyeen isbeddelada uu ku sameeyay siyaasadaha federaalka. Trump waxa uu meesha ka saaray hab-raacii anshaxa ee maamulkii hore iyo fulinta sharciyada mamnuucaya laaluushka iyada oo aan la samayn hab-raacyo anshaxeed oo rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay dadka loo magacaabayo siyaasadda, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay la soo galeen maamulkiisa "liiska aan caadiga ahayn ee weyn ee isku dhacyada xiisaha leh". Waxa uu meesha ka saaray eedeymihii musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ahaa siyaasiyiintii xiriirka la lahaa isaga wuxuuna joojiyay dhaqangelinta sharciga mamnuucaya in shirkadaha ka shaqeeya Mareykanka ay laaluushaan dowlado shisheeye. Trump wuxuu bilaabay, dallacsiiyay, oo shakhsi ahaan uga faa'iidaystay laba calaamadood oo cryptocurrency ah ("qadaadiicda meme"), $ Trump iyo $ Melania. Waxa kale oo uu si toos ah uga faa'iidaystay qoyskiisa shirkadda cryptocurrency World Liberty Financial , taas oo ku hawlan isku-dhafka aan horay loo arag ee ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay iyo siyaasadda dawladda. Bishii Luulyo 2025, maamulka Trump wuxuu Qatar ka aqbalay $400 milyan diyaarad qaali ah si uu ugu adeego Air Force One ilaa dhamaadka xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad ka dibna loo wareejiyo maktabadiisa madaxtooyada. Dib u habeynta sida Air Force One ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay ku kacayso ilaa $1 bilyan. ===Joojinta guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka=== Trump wuxuu ka hirgaliyay shaqo joojinta guud ahaan dowladda federaalka wuxuuna amray in shaqada teleefoonka shaqaalaha federaalka lagu joojiyo 30 maalmood gudahood. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in dib u eegis lagu sameeyo jagooyin badan oo shaqaale rayid ah oo xirfadeed iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in dib loogu kala saaro boosaska la rabo iyada oo aan lahayn ilaalin shaqo. Waxa uu bilaabay joojinta shaqada guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka, oo ay ku tilmaameen khabiirada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag ama ku xad-gudbay sharciga federaalka, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo shaqaale si aad ah ula socda ajendihiisa. Dabayaaqadii Febraayo, maamulku waxa uu shaqada ka eryay in ka badan 30,000 oo qof. Si loo fududeeyo joojinta dheeraadka ah, waxay qaadatay tarjumaad sharci oo cusub oo si weyn u ballaarinaysa qaybaha iyo wakaaladaha loo arko inay haystaan ​​​​ammaanka qaranka shaqadooda aasaasiga ah, oo ku dhawaaqaya ururada shaqaalaha federaalka ee kala duwan "cadow". Amarka fulinta dabayaaqadii March ee ku salaysan tarjumaaddan ayaa ka saaray daraasiin waaxyo iyo wakaaladaha barnaamijyada xiriirka maamulka shaqada ee federaalka , taasoo ku kaliftay inay dacweeyaan si ay u buriyaan heshiisyadooda gorgortanka wadareed , kaas oo ka saari kara ilaalinta ururka hal milyan oo shaqaale federaal ah. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in la joojiyo kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) mashaariicda dawladda federaalka wuxuuna ku meeleeyay shaqaalaha xafiisyada DEI fasax. Waxa uu buriyay Amarka Fulinta ee Lyndon B. Johnson ee 1965 ee 11246 , kaas oo amrayay in qandaraaslayaasha federaalku ay qaadaan tallaabo cad oo lagu joojinayo takoorka jinsiyadeed. Waxtarka Trump iyo Elon Musk 's Department of Government waxay si weyn u burburiyeen dhowr hay'adood oo federaal ah oo ay ku jiraan USAID iyo Waaxda Waxbarashada , iyagoo keli ah shaqada ka eryay dhowr kun oo shaqaale ah, waxayna hoos u dhigtay hawlaha maamulka ilaa ugu yaraan sharci. Ficilada qaar, sida isku dayga lagu burburinayo Xafiiska Ilaalinta Maaliyadeed ee Macmiilka , waxaa hakiyay maxkamadaha federaalka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisu waxay isku dayeen inay keenaan hay'ado madax-bannaan oo taariikhi ah oo hoos yimaada laanta fulinta oo si toos ah u hoos timaada qaabab yar. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga, 2025- hadda=== Sida madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horeysay, Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u hareer maray Xafiiska Xeer Ilaaliyaha Cafiska . Waxa uu ku rakibay siyaasad daacad ah Ed Martin kaas oo ku tilmaamay sababta cafis loo bixiyo "Ma jiro MAGA ka tagay". Cafiskii Trump iyo deeqaha naxariista waxay door bideen xulafada siyaasadeed iyo kuwa daacadda u ah, oo si aan loo kala sooc lahayn loo cafiyay "kuwa xoogga badan, caanka ah, si fiican ugu xiran iyo maalqabeenada" ee lagu eedeeyay dambiyada cadaanka ah. Trump waxa uu cafis u fidiyay dhammaan 6-dii January rabshadihii lagu xukumay ama lagu soo oogay maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee xafiiska, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa si xun u weeraray booliiska, isaga oo cafiyay in ka badan 1,500 oo uu cafiyay xukunnada 14. ===Siyaasadda gudaha, 2025- hadda=== Trump wuxuu ka dhaxlay dhaqaale adkeysi leh maamulka Biden, kobaca dhaqaalaha, shaqo la'aanta yar, iyo sicir bararka hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu ku amray wakaaladaha in ay joojiyaan dhaqan gelinta xeerarka aan la jeclayn iyaga oo isku dayaya in si weyn loo xakameeyo taasoo khubarada sharcigu ay ku tilmaameen sharci-darro iyo lid ku ah tobanaan sano ee sharciga federaalka. Waxa uu raadiyay in dawladdu ay maamusho ganacsiyo gaar ah oo uu ka tago dhaqanka suuqa xorta ah ee muxaafidka ah , halkii uu doorbidi lahaa hanti-wadaaga dawladda isaga oo si toos ah u qaadanaya saamiga dawladda ee sinnaanta shirkadaha waaweyn ee Maraykanka. Trump wuxuu joojiyay oo joojiyay deeqihii federaalka wuxuuna sameeyay dhimis ballaaran oo cilmi baaris ah, kuwaas oo dhowr ka mid ah ay heleen garsoorayaasha iyo Xafiiska Xisaabtanka ee Dowladda inay yihiin sharci darro iyo dastuuri. Waxa uu kor u qaaday diidmada isbeddelka cimilada iyo macluumaadka khaldan, oo u magacaabay saliidda, gaasta, iyo kiimikooyinka u ololeeya EPA si ay u beddelaan xeerarka cimilada iyo xakamaynta wasakhowga. Trump wuxuu ku tiirsanaa ku dhawaaqida xaaladaha degdegga ah ee qaranka si uu u caddeeyo boqollaal ficil oo uu ka gudbo ansixinta kongareeska ama dib u eegista sharciga. Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo tamarta qaranka ah, taasoo u oggolaanaysa joojinta xeerarka deegaanka, dabcinta sharciyada soo saarista shidaalka iyo xaddididda mashaariicda tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo. Waxa uu bilaabay dib-u-eegis ku saabsan "sharciga iyo sii socoshada ku-dhaqanka" ee raadinta khatarta EPA , taas oo ah saldhigga ugu badan ee xeerarka federaalka ee gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo, oo mar kale ka baxay US Heshiiskii Paris ee isbedelka cimilada. Burburinta hay'adaha dawladda ee fulinaya sharciyada ka dhanka ah musuqmaasuqa siyaasadeed iyo khiyaanada cad, Trump wuxuu hoos u dhigay Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Waaxda Cadaaladda Dadweynaha 30 ilaa shan qareen, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay 17 kormeerayaal madax -bannaan oo ka tirsan hay'adaha dawladda iyo 12 xubnood oo ka tirsan hay'adaha kormeerka madax-bannaan ee 7 iyo kormeerayaasha Xafiiska FBI-da ee Washington oo baaray eedeymaha musuqmaasuqa iyo musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ah saraakiisha dowladda iyo xubnaha Congress-ka. Wuxuu cafiyay ama laalay eedeymaha ka dhanka ah saraakiisha lagu eedeeyay musuqmaasuq. Trump wuxuu u aaneeyay dhibaatooyinka bulshada kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) hindisayaasha iyo baraarugga . Isbarbardhigga kala duwanaanshaha iyo karti-darrada, wuxuu beddelay siyaasadihii kala-duwanaanshaha ee dawladda federaalka. Waxa uu damcay in uu dib ugu sameeyo bulshada rayidka ah dookhiisa amarka fulinta. On DEI iyo nacaybka nacaybka, wuxuu u hanjabay hay'adaha dhaqanka iyo lixdan jaamacadood, wuxuuna ku qasbay shirkadaha sharciga inay u hoggaansamaan ajandihiisa siyaasadeed. Trump ayaa balaariyay adeegsiga gudaha ee ciidamada wuxuuna amray in la geeyo magaalooyin dhowr ah oo xisbiga Dimuquraadiga uu hogaamiyo , wuxuuna ku hanjabay inuu sii balaarin doono howlgalladiisa. ===Siyaasadaha ka-hortagga LGBTQ+=== Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadii labaad, Trump wuxuu bilaabay olole dagaal oo ka dhan ah LGBTQ + iyo gaar ahaan siyaasadaha ka-hortagga jinsiga ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba, oo maamulkiisu u soo bandhigay sidii wax looga qaban lahaa " fikirka jinsiga ". Siyaasadahan waxay doonayeen inay baabi'iyaan aqoonsiga federaalka ee dadka transgender-ka ah, ka xayuubinta dadka transgender ilaalinta sharciga iyo in laga tirtiro aqoonsiga trans ee nolosha guud. Iyadoo loo marayo amarro fulineed oo isdaba-joog ah iyo ficilo kale, maamulkiisu wuxuu si adag u qeexay jinsiga si adag bayoolooji dhalashada, laga mamnuucay dadka ka soo jeeda milatariga, xaddidan ama la daboolay daryeelka caafimaadka jinsiga, oo ka soo horjeeda luqadda loo dhan yahay , cilmi-baaris iyo agab waxbarasho oo faafreeb ah, iyo bartilmaameedyada dugsiyada, jaamacadaha, iyo xarumaha fikradda. Tallaabooyin dheeri ah ayaa ka mamnuucay ciyaartooyda transgender-ka ciyaaraha, helitaanka baasaboor xaddidan, waxayna sii hurisay dadaallada caalamiga ah ee lagu wiiqayo xuquuqda trans. Waxaa weheliya hadallo muujinaya dadka ka beddelka jinsiga inay yihiin khatar bulsho, siyaasadahani waxay kiciyeen caqabado sharciyeed oo baahsan, cambaarayn ka timid kooxaha xuquuqul insaanka, iyo kor u kaca socdaalka iyo sheegashooyinka magangelyo ee ay qabaan dadka isku jinsiga ah ee Maraykanka ah ===Hal Xeer Bill Qurux Badan=== Bishii Luulyo 2025, Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Sharcigu waxa uu ka dhigay dhimista cashuurta cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada 2017 mid joogto ah waxana uu ku daray cashuur dhimis dheeraad ah oo dhan ku dhawaad ​​$4.5 trillion, inta badan ka faa’iidaysanaysa dakhliga ugu sarreeya oo dadka ku kaca dakhliga ugu hooseeya $1,600 sanadkii; kordhinta dhaqaalaha difaaca qaranka, masaafurinta, darbiga xuduudka, iyo gaashaanka gantaalaha; lagana saaray cashuurtii laga qaadi lahaa mashaariicda tamarta nadiifka ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo ilaha tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo sida dabaysha iyo tamarta cadceedda iyo kuwa iibsada baabuurta korontada. Sharcigu wuxuu jaray maalgelinta Medicaid iyo SNAP wuxuuna ku daray shuruudo shaqo oo dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay u-qalmitaanka iyo $35 lacag-bixineed ee adeegyada Medicaid qaarkood; dhimista iyo shuruudaha dheeraadka ah ayaa dhaqan galaya ka dib doorashada guud ee 2026. Sharciga waxaa saadaaliyay Xafiiska Miisaaniyadda Kongareeska inuu ku kordhiyo dhimista miisaaniyada $3.4 trillion marka la gaaro 2034, sababa 11.8 milyan oo qof inay lumiyaan caymiska Medicaid, iyo meesha laga saaro dheefaha SNAP ee seddex milyan oo qof. ===Socdaalka, 2025- hadda=== Maalmihiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump waxa uu ku amray ilaalada xuduudaha in ay si kooban u tarxiilaan soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee ka soo gudbaya xadka, isaga oo curyaamiyay barnaamijka CBP One ee loo isticmaalay in lagu jadwaleeyo xuduudaha. Waxa uu dib u bilaabay hadhaagii siyaasadda Mexico , waxa uu kooxaha daroogada u magacaabay kooxo argagixiso ah, waxana uu amray in dib loo bilaabo dhismaha darbiga xuduudka. Hawlgallada masaafurinta ayaa marka hore diiradda saaray "liiska bartilmaameedka" ee dambiilayaasha la sameeyay ka hor xilliga labaad ee Trump. Kadibna maamulkiisu wuxuu meesha ka saaray magangelyo codsadayaasha ku guul daraystay inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha, waxay laashay xaaladda sii-daynta sharafeed ee muhaajiriinta ku soo galay US iyadoo la raacayo CBP One iyo CHNV sii-daynta sharafeed bini'aadantinimo, waxay isku dayeen inay ka saaraan dhalashada dhalashada , waxayna hakiyeen Barnaamijka Ogolaanshaha Qaxootiga . Bishii Maarso, wuxuu u adeegsaday Xeerka Cadawga Shisheeyaha ee 1798 si uu u xidho muhaajiriinta sharci darrada ah maxkamad la'aan -mid ka mid ah "khalad maamul" iyo inta badan iyada oo aan lahayn diiwaannada dambiyada -Xarunta Xakamaynta Argagaxisada ee El Salvador. Wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha , muhaajiriinta sharciga ah, dalxiisayaasha, iyo ardayda fiisaha leh kuwaas oo muujiyay dhaleeceynta siyaasaddiisa ama u doodista Falastiiniyiinta. Dhowr muwaadiniin Maraykan ah ayaa la xidhay oo la tarxiilay . ===Siyaasadda Dibadda, 2025- hadda=== Muddadii labaad ee Trump siyaasaddiisa arrimaha dibadda waxaa siyaabo kala duwan loogu sifeeyay Imperialist , balaarin , go'doomiye , iyo autarkist , iyadoo adeegsanaysa fikradda " America First " oo ah asaaskeeda. Maamulkiisu wuxuu door biday awood adag si uu u gaaro yoolalka siyaasadda dibadda, wuxuuna burburiyay ama ka laabtay taageerada ururada gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee u heellan horumarinta awoodda jilicsan ee Maraykanka . Dhaqdhaqaaqyada ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay hoos u dhigayaan saamaynta Maraykanka ee caalamiga ah iyo abuurista bannaan ay buuxiyeen Ruushka iyo Shiinaha . Xidhiidhka Trump ee xulafada waxa uu ahaa macaamil ganacsi oo u dhexeeyay danayn la'aan ilaa cadaawad, oo ay ku jiraan hanjabaad ku darida. Bishii Febraayo 2025, Trump iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka Vance waxay ku dhaleeceeyeen madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy kulan muran badan dhaliyay oo telefishinka laga sii daayay. Warbaahinta ayaa ku tilmaantay iska hor imaad aan hore loo arag oo dhex maray madaxweyne Maraykan ah iyo madax ajnabi ah . Trump iyo maamulkiisa imaan doona ayaa gacan ka geystay dhexdhexaadinta xabbad joojinta dagaalka Gaza oo ay weheliyaan maamulka Biden, oo la dhaqan galiyay maalin ka hor caleema saarkiisa. Bishii Maarso, Israa'iil waxay jebisay xabbad-joojintii . Siyaasadaha dhaqaalaha ee Trump ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo ilaalinaya , iyadoo Trump uu ku soo rogay canshuuraha dalalka intooda badan, oo ay ku jiraan canshuuraha waaweyn ee la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga ee Shiinaha, Canada, iyo Mexico. Wuxuu bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo caalami ah , isagoo ku soo rogay canshuuro heerkii ugu sarreeyay tan iyo 1930kii Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act ee bilawga diiqada weyn . Dhaqaale-yahannadu waxay ku doodeen in maamulku uu si khaldan u fahmay xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhimista ganacsiga iyo canshuuraha, iyaga oo isticmaalaya fikrado khaldan. Narendra Modi ayaa ka falceliyay 50 boqolkiiba tacriifta Trump ee soo dejinta Hindiya isaga oo sii xoojinaya xiriirka Shiinaha. Wuxuu hakiyay tabarucaadkii dhaqaale ee Maraykanku siin jiray Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka . ===Garsoorka, 2025 – hadda=== Garsoorayaasha federaalku waxay u arkeen qaar badan oo ka mid ah falalka maamulka inay yihiin sharci-darro. Ka dib dib-u-dhac xagga sharciga ah, Trump wuxuu kordhiyey dhaleeceynta garsoorka wuxuuna ku baaqay in la soo oogo garsoorayaasha federaalka ee isaga ka soo horjeeday. Wuxu u hanjabay, saxeexay tallaabooyinka fulinta, waxaanu amray in baadhitaan lagu sameeyo dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda, dhaleecaynta, iyo ururrada la safan Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga. Bartamihii Luulyo, falanqaynta Washington Post waxay ogaatay inuu ka soo horjeestay garsoorayaasha iyo maxkamadaha qiyaastii saddex meelood meel dhammaan kiisaska isaga ka dhanka ah, falalka ay ku tilmaameen khubarada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag maamul kasta oo madaxweyne ah. ( 654 ) Diidmada amarada maxkamada iyo sheegashadiisa xaq u lahaanshaha maxkamadaha waxay cabsi galisay khubarada sharciga qalalaasaha dastuuriga ah . Falanqaynta badan oo ay sameeyeen aqoonyahanno akadeemiyadeed iyo The New York Times waxay ogaadeen in labada garsoore ee Jamhuuriga iyo Dimuqraadigu ay heleen cillado badan oo dastuuri ah iyo qaanuuneed oo leh siyaasadaha maamulka Trump. Maamulkiisu wuxuu caddeeyey xuquuq dastuuri ah oo ah inuu iska indhatiro sharciga federaalka isagoo sabab uga dhigaya dhowr tallaabo sida diidmadiisa inuu dhaqan geliyo mamnuucista federaalka ee TikTok , iyada oo khubarada sharciga ay ku tilmaameen inay tahay "awood dastuuri ah oo lagu tallaalayo dhinacyada gaarka ah inay ku kacaan falal kale oo sharci darro ah iyada oo aan la ciqaabin". Waxa kale oo uu ku hawlanaa beegsiga aan hore loo arag ee shirkadaha sharciga iyo qareennada oo hore u matalay jagooyin lid ku ah naftiisa. ==Dhaqan siyaasadeed iyo hadal-hayn== Laga soo bilaabo ololihiisii ​​2016, siyaasadda Trump iyo hadal-hayntiisa ayaa horseeday abuuritaanka dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo loo yaqaan Trumpism. Mawqifkiisa siyaasadeed waa populist ,oo si gaar ah loogu tilmaamay populist garabka midig . Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inuu aqbalay xag-jirnimada midigta-fog , wuxuuna ka caawiyay inuu keeno fikradaha iyo ururrada midigta fog ee guud ahaan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisa iyo hadalladiisa ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Trump waxa uu ku riixay balaadhinta awoodda madaxweynanimada iyada oo la raacayo tafsiir maxalli ah oo ku saabsan aragtida fulinta midaysan . Saldhiggiisa siyaasadeed waxa la barbar dhigay cibaadaysi shakhsiyeed . Hadalka Trump iyo ficilkiisa ayaa lagu eedeeyay in uu abuuray oo uu uga sii daray cadhada iyo kalsooni darada iyada oo la adeegsanayo sheeko "annaga" iyo "iyaga" . Wuxuu si cad oo joogto ah u dhaleeceeyaa jinsiyadda, diinta, iyo qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay, iyo culimadu waxay si joogto ah u ogaadaan in nacaybka jinsiyadeed ee ku saabsan madowga, soogalootiga, iyo Muslimiinta ay yihiin saadaalinta ugu fiican ee taageerada Trump. Hadaladiisa waxa lagu tilmaamay in uu isticmaalay cabsi-cabsi iyo maangaabnimo taas oo sii xoogaysatay ololihiisii ​​madaxtinimada ee 2024 . Wuxuu sheegay inuu rumaysan yahay in awoodda dhabta ahi ay ka timaad cabsi. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Alt-right ayaa isku duubay oo taageeray musharaxnimadiisa, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay qayb ka mid ah diidmada dhaqamada kala duwan iyo socdaalka . Waxa uu leeyahay rafcaan xooggan oo loogu talagalay codbixiyayaasha Masiixiyiinta ah ee wacdiya iyo waddaniyiinta Masiixiyiinta ah , iyo dibad-baxyadiisa waxay qaataan calaamadaha, odhaahda, iyo ajandaha waddaniyadda Masiixiyiinta. Trump waxa uu sidoo kale u adeegsaday shuuci ka soo horjeeda hadaladiisa, isaga oo si joogta ah ugu yeeraya kuwa ka soo horjeeda " Communists " iyo " Marxists ===Aragtida jinsiyadeed iyo jinsiga=== Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinka iyo ficillada Trump ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsurinimo. Ra'yi ururin qaran oo 2018 ah, qiyaastii kala badh ka mid ah jawaab bixiyaasha ayaa sheegay inuu yahay cunsuri; in badan oo ka mid ah waxay aaminsanaayeen in uu ku dhiirraday cunsuriyiinta. Dhowr daraasadood iyo sahanno ayaa lagu ogaaday in dabeecadaha cunsuriyadu ay kiciyeen siyaasadiisa siyaasadeed oo ay aad uga muhiimsan yihiin arrimaha dhaqaalaha ee lagu go'aaminayo daacadnimada codbixiyayaasha Trump. Dabeecadaha cunsuriyiinta iyo Islaam nacaybka ayaa ah tilmaamo xooggan oo muujinaya taageerada Trump. Waxaa lagu eedeeyay cunsurinimo isagoo ku adkeystay koox ka kooban shan dhalinyaro madow iyo Latino ah inay kufsadeen haweeney caddaan ah kiiska 1989 Central Park jogger , xitaa ka dib markii laga saaray 2002. Sannadkii 2011-kii, Trump waxa uu noqday hoggaamiyihii hormoodka u ahaa fikradda shirqoolka cunsuriga ah ee "dhalasho" ee ah in Barack Obama, madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee madow ee Mareykanka, uusan ku dhalan Mareykanka. Waxa uu ku andacooday in uu ku cadaadiyay dawladda in ay daabacdo warqadda dhalashada Obama, taas oo uu u arkay in ay tahay khiyaano. Waxa uu qiray in Obama uu ku dhashay Maraykanka bishii Sebtembar 2016, inkasta oo la sheegay in uu si gaar ah u muujiyay aragtida dhalashada ee 2017. Intii lagu jiray ololihii doorashada 2024, wuxuu sameeyay weeraro been abuur ah oo ka dhan ah aqoonsiga jinsiyadeed ee ka soo horjeeda, Kamala Harris, kaas oo lagu tilmaamay inay xasuusinayaan fikradda shirqoolka dhalashada. Ololihiisii ​​2024 waxa uu si weyn u adeegsaday luqadda bini'aadantinimada ka-hortagga ah iyo fikradaha jinsiyadeed . Sannadkii 2025, wuxuu kor u qaaday sheegashooyinka beenta ah ee xasuuqa cadaanka ah ee Koonfur Afrika wuxuuna abuuray barnaamijka qaxootiga ee Koonfur Afrika . Trump ayaa caado u ah inuu dumarka xaqiro marka uu la hadlayo warbaahinta iyo baraha bulshada. Wuxuu sameeyay faallooyin xunxun, wuxuu naqdiyay muuqaalka dumarka, wuxuuna u tixraacay iyaga oo isticmaalaya ereyo sharaf leh. Laga bilaabo 2020, 26 dumar ah ayaa si fagaare ah ugu eedeeyay anshax-xumo galmo , oo ay ku jiraan kufsi, dhunkasho ogolaansho la'aan, xoqid, fiirinta goonnada haweenka hoostooda, iyo ku lugaynta tartamayaasha qaan-gaarka ee qaawan. Eedeymahaas wuu diiday. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, 2005 " murafoon kulul " ayaa soo baxay isaga oo ku faanaya dhunkashada iyo dhunkashada haweenka iyaga oo aan raalli ka ahayn, isaga oo leh, "Markaad xiddig tahay, waxay kuu oggolaadaan inaad sameyso. Wax kasta waad sameyn kartaa ... Ku qabo feerka . " Waxa uu faallooyinka ku tilmaamay "hadal-qol-badel". Dhacdadan oo si baahsan u soo bandhigtay warbaahinta ayaa keentay raaligelintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee dadweynaha, oo la duubay intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxweynaha 2016. ===Isku xirka rabshadaha iyo dembiyada nacaybka=== Trump ayaa loo aqoonsaday in uu fure u yahay kordhinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee Mareykanka, isaga oo ka dhan ah iyo mid ka dhan ah. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu ku qanacsan yahay xagjirnimada, aragtiyaha shirqoolka sida Q-Anon , iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada xagjirka ah ee midigta fog ilaa xad ka weyn madaxweyne kasta oo Maraykan ah oo casri ah, iyo ku lug lahaanshaha argagixisannimada stochastic . Cilmi-baaristu waxay soo jeedinaysaa in hadalka Trump uu la xiriiro kororka dhacdooyinka dembiyada nacaybka, iyo in uu leeyahay saameyn xoog leh oo ku saabsan muujinta dabeecadaha nacaybka ah sababtoo ah sida caadiga ah ee ereyada jinsiyadeed ee cad. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2016, wuxuu ku booriyay ama ammaanay weerarrada jireed ee ka dhanka ah dibad-baxayaasha ama wariyeyaasha. Eedeysaneyaal badan oo lagu baaray ama lagu soo oogay falal rabshado wata iyo dambiyada nacaybka ayaa soo xigtay hadalladiisa isagoo ku doodaya inaysan ahayn dambiile ama ay tahay inay helaan dabacsanaan. Dib u eegis dalka oo dhan ay samaysay ABC News bishii Maajo 2020 ayaa lagu aqoonsaday ugu yaraan 54 kiis oo danbi ah, laga bilaabo Agoosto 2015 ilaa Abriil 2020, kaas oo loogu yeedhay xidhiidh toos ah oo rabshado ama hanjabaado rabshado ah oo inta badan ay geystaan ​​ragga cadaanka ah iyo ugu horrayn ka dhanka ah dadka laga tirada badan yahay. Diidmada Trump ee ah in uu cambaareeyo kooxda cadaanka ah ee Proud Boys intii lagu jiray dooddii madaxweynenimada ee 2020 iyo faallooyinkiisii, "Wiilasha sharafta leh, istaaga oo garab istaaga", ayaa la sheegay in ay keentay in la kordhiyo shaqaaleysiinta kooxda Trump. Cilmi-baarayaasha la-dagaalanka argagixisanimada ayaa ku tilmaamay taariikhdiisa caadiga ah iyo dib-u-eegistiisa ee Janaayo 6 weerarkii Capitol, iyo bixinta naxariista dhammaan Janaayo 6 rabshad-wadayaasha , sida dhiirigelinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee mustaqbalka. ===Aragtiyo shirqool=== Tan iyo ka hor madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu kor u qaaday fikrado badan oo shirqool ah, oo ay ku jiraan Obama "dhalashada", diidmada isbedelka cimilada , iyo faragelinta Ukraine ee lagu eedeeyay doorashadii Mareykanka . Kadib doorashadii madaxweynaha ee 2020, wuxuu kor u qaaday fikradaha shirqoolka ee guuldaradiisa kuwaas oo lagu sifeeyay " beenta weyn ===Hadalo been ah ama marin habaabin ah=== [[File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png|thumb|Xaqiiq-baarayaasha ka socda Washington Ku dhaji , Toronto Star , iyo CNN waxay soo ururiyeen xog ku saabsan "dacwooyin been ah ama marin-habaabin ah" (asalka orange) iyo "sheegashada beenta ah" (violet foreground).]] Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u sheegaa hadalo been abuur ah oo uu ku jiro hadalo fagaare ah, ilaa xad aan horay loo arag siyaasada Mareykanka . Beentiisu waa qayb gaar ah oo ka mid ah aqoonsigiisa siyaasadeed waxaana lagu tilmaamay inay tahay dab-damis . Hadaladiisa beenta ah iyo marin habaabinta ah waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin-hubi , oo ay ku jiraan The Washington Post , kaas oo 30,573 been abuur ah ama been abuur ah oo uu sameeyay intii lagu jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horreeyay, oo sii kordhaya waqti ka dib. Qaar ka mid ah been-abuurka Trump waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan faa'iido lahayn, halka kuwa kalena ay lahaayeen saameyn aad u fog, sida dhiirrigelintiisa aan la hubin ee dawooyinka ka hortagga duumada sida daaweynta KOVID-19, taasoo keentay yaraanta Maraykanka ee daawooyinkan iyo iibsashada argagaxa ee Afrika iyo Koonfurta Aasiya. Macluumaad kale oo khaldan, sida si khaldan loogu sheegay kororka dambiyada England iyo Wales "fidinta argagixisada xagjirka ah", waxay u adeegtay ujeedooyinkiisa siyaasadeed ee gudaha. Weeraradiisa waraaqaha waraaqaha boostada iyo dhaqamada kale ee doorashada ayaa wiiqay kalsoonida dadweynaha ee hufnaanta doorashada madaxweynaha 2020, halka xog-warrankiisa ku saabsan masiibada uu dib u dhigay oo uu wiiqay jawaabta qaranka ee ku wajahan. Caadiyan kama cudur daarato beentiisa. Ilaa 2018, warbaahintu marar dhif ah ayay beentiisa ugu yeertay been, oo ay ku jirto markii uu ku celceliyay hadallo been abuur ah. ===Baraha bulshada=== Joogitaanka baraha bulshada ee Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha caalamka kadib markii uu ku biiray Twitter-ka sanadkii 2009. Waxa uu si isdaba joog ah u soo dhigayay ololihiisii ​​2016-kii iyo intii uu madaxweyne ahaa ilaa Twitter-ka uu mamnuucay ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo. Wuxuu inta badan isticmaali jiray Twitter si uu si toos ah ula xiriiro dadweynaha oo uu u leexiyo saxaafadda; ee 2017, xoghayntiisa saxaafadda ayaa sheegay in tweets- kiisa uu ka kooban yahay bayaannada rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2024 iyo madaxweynanimada labaad wuxuu si joogta ah u dhajiyay waxyaabo AI-soo saaray naftiisa sida astaanta dhaqanka pop-ka ama muhaajiriinta ku jeesjeesa. Ka dib sanado badan oo dhaleecayn ah oo loogu ogolaaday Trump in uu ku dhejiyo macluumaad khaldan iyo been abuur, Twitter ayaa bilaabay in uu ku dhejiyo qaar ka mid ah tweetskiisa hubinta xaqiiqda May 2020. Isagoo ka jawaabaya, wuxuu sheegay in shabakadaha warbaahinta bulshada "gebi ahaanba aamusin" muxaafidka oo uu "si adag u xakameyn doono, ama xidhi doono". Kadib weerarkii Janaayo 6, waxaa laga mamnuucay Facebook , Instagram , Twitter, iyo aalado kale. Luminta joogitaankiisa warbaahinta bulshada ayaa hoos u dhigtay awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu qaabeeyo dhacdooyinka oo la xidhiidha hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid mugga macluumaadka khaldan ee Twitter. Bishii Feebaraayo 2022, waxa uu bilaabay bar-kulanka bulshada ee Truth Social halkaas oo uu ku soo jiitay qayb ka mid ah Twitterkiisa. Elon Musk , ka dib markii uu helay Twitter , wuxuu dib u soo celiyay akoonkiisa Twitter bishii Noofambar 2022. Mamnuucidda labada sano ee Meta Platforms ayaa dhacay Janaayo 2023, taas oo u ogolaatay inuu ku laabto Facebook iyo Instagram. ===Xiriirka saxaafadda=== [[File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg|thumb|Isagoo saxaafadda la hadlaya, March 2017]] Trump waxa uu raadiyay dareenka warbaahinta intii uu ku jiray xirfadiisa, isaga oo ilaalinaya xidhiidhka "jacaylka iyo nacaybka" ee uu la leeyahay saxaafadda. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ka faa'iideystey qaddarka rikoorka ah ee warbaahinta xorta ah, oo lagu qiyaasay $ 2 bilyan. Musharrax ahaan iyo madaxweyne ahaan, wuxuu si joogta ah ugu eedeeyay saxaafadda eexda, isaga oo ku tilmaamay "warbaahinta wararka been abuurka ah" iyo " cadowga dadka ". Madaxtinimadii ugu horreysay ee Trump ayaa hoos u dhigtay war-bixinnada rasmiga ah ee saxaafadda ee boqolkii 2017 ilaa kala badh taas 2018 iyo laba 2019; waxa ay sidoo kale kala noqdeen sharcigii saxaafadeed ee laba wariye oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo ay maxkamaduhu dib u soo celiyeen. Trump's 2020 ol'olihii madaxtinimo wuxuu dacweeyay New York Times , Washington Post , iyo CNN ka dib markii uu aflagaadeeyay qaybo ra'yi ah oo ku saabsan mawqifkiisa faragelinta doorashada Ruushka. Dhammaan dacwadihii waa la diiday. Sannadkii 2024, Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u muujiyay taageerada uu ku mamnuucayo diidmada siyaasadeed iyo dhaleeceynta, wuxuuna sheegay in weriyeyaasha waa in lagu dacweeyaa si aanay u sheegin ilo qarsoodi ah iyo shirkadaha warbaahintu waa inay suurtogal tahay inay lumiyaan shatiyadooda baahinta wararka aan fiicnayn ee isaga. Markii dib loo doortay, Trump wuxuu bilaabay dacwooyin wuxuuna abuuray liis madow oo ka dhan ah warbaahinta qaar, wuxuuna la wareegay nidaamka ay wadaan ururka saxafiyiinta Aqalka Cad si uu u doorto xarumaha ay galaangal u leeyihiin. Halkii loo hoggaansami lahaa amarka maxkamadda ee lagu soo celin lahaa gelitaanka Associated Press , Aqalka Cad wuxuu sameeyay siyaasad xaddidan oo la heli karo dhammaan adeegyada siligga. Guddiga Isgaarsiinta Federaalka ayaa bilaabay baaritaanno lagu sameeyo xarumaha warbaahinta ee lagu eedeeyay eex isaga ka dhan ah. Natiijadii hanjabaadda Trump, madaxda warbaahinta waxay ku amreen saxafiyiinta iyo shaqaalahooda inay is-faafreebaan oo ay yareeyaan dhaleeceynta Trump, iyo CBS waxay isku raaceen inay abuuraan Ombudsman si ay ula socdaan kanaalada wararka si ay xididdada ugu siibaan "eex" CBS News. Bishii Luulyo 2025, wuxuu dacweeyay wargeyska Wall Street Journal daabacaadda sheeko la xiriirta saaxiibtinimadiisii ​​hore ee dembiilaha galmada ee Jeffrey Epstein , taasoo calaamad u ah markii ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne fadhiya uu dacweeyo urur warbaahineed eedeymo sumcad dil ah. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== ===Qoyska=== 1977, Trump wuxuu guursaday Ivana Zelníčková . Waxay lahaayeen saddex carruur ah: Donald Jr. (b. 1977), Ivanka (b. 1981), iyo Eric (b. 1984). Lammaanaha ayaa is furay 1990-kii, ka dib markii uu xiriir la yeeshay moodelka iyo atariishada Marla Maples . Isaga iyo Maples waxay guursadeen 1993 waxayna is fureen 1999. Waxay leeyihiin hal gabadh, Tiffany (b. 1993), oo Maples ku kortay California. Sannadkii 2005, wuxuu guursaday moodelka Slovenia Melania Knauss . Waxay leeyihiin hal wiil, Barron (b. 2006). ===Xiriirka Jeffrey Epstein=== Trump waxa uu saaxiibtimo 15 sano ah la lahaa Jeffrey Epstein ; Dadkii markaas yaqaannay waxay sheegeen inay si joogta ah u garaaci jireen oo ay u tartami jireen dumarka. Dareenka warbaahinta iyo cadaadiska dadweynaha ayaa kordhay 2025, markii maamulkiisu uusan sii dayn faylasha la xidhiidha Epstein , inkastoo Trump uu ballanqaaday inuu sidaas samaynayo intii lagu jiray ololaha 2024. ===Caafimaadka=== Trump waxa uu sheegay in aanu waligii cabbin khamri, sigaar cabin, ama aanu isticmaalin daroogo. Wuxuu seexdaa qiyaastii afar ama shan saacadood habeenkii. Waxa uu golfing ugu yeedhay "qaabka jimicsiga aasaasiga ah", laakiin inta badan ma socdo koorsada. Wuxuu u arkaa jimicsigu inuu yahay tamar tamar sababtoo ah wuxuu aaminsan yahay in jirku yahay "sida batteriga oo kale, oo leh qadar xaddidan oo tamar ah", kaas oo lagu dhammeeyo jimicsiga. Sannadkii 2015, ololahiisu wuxuu sii daayay warqad ka timid dhakhtarkiisii ​​gaarka ahaa ee Harold Bornstein , isagoo sheegay inuu " noqon doono shakhsiga ugu caafimaadka badan ee abid loo doorto madaxweynaha". Sannadkii 2018, Bornstein wuxuu sheegay in Trump uu amar ku bixiyay nuxurka warqadda iyo in saddex ka mid ah wakiillada Trump ay qabsadeen diiwaankiisa caafimaad bishii Febraayo 2017 ee xafiiska Bornstein. ===Diinta=== Trump wuxuu sheegay 2016 inuu ahaa Presbyterian iyo Protestant . Sannadkii 2020, wuxuu sheegay inuu yahay Masiixi aan diin-nabi ahayn . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar badan ayaa su'aal ka keenay qoto dheeraanta xiriirka diimeed. Baadhitaan la sameeyay intii lagu guda jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee Trump (2017-2021) ayaa muujisay in boqolkiiba 63 dadka Maraykanku aanay rumaysnayn in uu diin yahay, inkasta oo uu aaminsan yahay in uu Masiixi yahay, boqolkiiba 44 oo keliya dadka Maraykanka ah ayaa aaminsan in Trump uu yahay Masiixi. Qaar ka mid ah faallooyinka Trump ee Kitaabka Qudduuska ah ama dhaqanka Masiixiga ayaa horseeday in dadka indha indheeya ay soo jeediyaan in aqoonta uu u leeyahay Masiixiyadda ay tahay mid maqaar-saar ah ama khalad ah, qaar yar oo taariikh-nololeed ah ayaa ku tilmaamay Trump mid qoto dheer ama xitaa diineed. Waqtigiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu u magacaabay wadaadkiisa gaarka ah iyo lataliyaha ruuxiga ah, milyaneer teleefaanjiste Paula White-Cain , Xafiiska Xiriirka Dadweynaha ee Aqalka Cad . Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad, wuxuu u magacaabay lataliyeheeda sare Xafiiska cusub ee rumaysadka ee Aqalka Cad . ==Qiimaynta== ===Sawirka dadweynaha=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee Trump, laga bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2020, qiimeynta oggolaanshaha caalamiga ah ee hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos uga dhacday 22 boqolkiiba ra'yi ururin Gallup ee 134 waddan ilaa 16 boqolkiiba - oo ka hooseeya Shiinaha Xi Jinping iyo Vladimir Putin ee Ruushka - ee Pew Research ra'yi ee 13 waddan. Sannadka 2017, qiyaasta hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos u dhacday inta badan xulafada. Gudaha, xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu lahaa taageerada ugu weyn ee xisbiyada: 88 boqolkiiba Jamhuuriga iyo 7 boqolkiiba Dimuqraadiyiinta. Codbixintii Gallup ee 2021, wuxuu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan waligii gaadhin 50 boqolkiiba oggolaanshaha, wuxuuna ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aan la magacaabin ee loogu riyaaqay sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska. Muddadii labaad ee rubuciisii ​​​​hore sida uu qabo Gallup, oggolaanshaha Trump wuxuu ahaa 45 boqolkiiba - xoogaa ka wanaagsan xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, oo aad uga hooseeya celceliska boqolkiiba 60 ee madaxweynayaasha kale. Taageeradu waxa ay ahaan jirtay mid aan kala fogayn; Waxa uu helay oggolaanshaha boqolkiiba 90 ee Jamhuuriga, 37 boqolkiiba madax-bannaanida, iyo boqolkiiba 4 ee Dimuqraadiyiinta. Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad wuxuu sidoo kale arkay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid ra'yiga dadweynaha caalamiga ah ee Maraykanka ===Qiimaynta cilmiga=== Ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee Trump, taariikhyahanadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen Trump inuu yahay madaxweynihii afraad ee ugu xumaa sahanka C-SPAN ee 2021 ee taariikhyahannada madaxtooyada. Waxa uu ku qiimeeyay kuwa ugu hooseeya qaybaha sifooyinka hogaaminta ee awooda akhlaaqda iyo xirfadaha maamulka. Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Siena College 's 2022 sahanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay kan saddexaad. Waxa uu ku jiray kaalmaha ugu hooseeya dhammaan qaybaha marka laga reebo nasiibka, rabitaanka khatarta, iyo hoggaanka xisbiga, waxaanu ka galay kaalinta ugu dambeeya dhowr qaybood. 2018 iyo 2024, xubno ka tirsan Ururka Sayniska Siyaasadda Mareykanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay madaxweynaha ugu xun. ==Xusuusin== a:Bilowgii markii Trump uu saddex sano jirsaday, aabbihii waxa uu siin jiray mid kasta oo carruurtiisa ka mid ah $6,000 sannadkii, lacagta ugu badan ee la oggol yahay iyada oo aan la gelin cashuur hadiyadeed. Si looga fogaado cashuuraha, Fred waxa uu ka dhigay mulkiilayaal laba ka mid ah dhismooyinkiisa guri, isaga oo bixinaya midkiiba $13,928 kirada sannad kasta b:Later , 2015, wuxuu ugu hanjabay dugsigiisa sare, kulliyadaha, iyo Guddiga Kulliyadda tallaabo sharci ah haddii ay sii daayaan diiwaankiisa waxbarasho. C:UPenn's 1968 barnaamijka bilawga ah wuxuu ku taxayaa Trump inuu helay shahaadada koowaad ee Sayniska ee Dhaqaalaha oo aan ahayn qaataha Sharafta Tacliinta d:Kadib Trump waxa uu ku dayan doonaa Peale's Awooda Fikirka Toosan ee Farshaxanka Heshiiska e:Doorashada madaxweynahaee Maraykanka waxaa go'aamiya kulliyadda doorashada Gobol kastaa wuxuu magacaabayaa tiro codbixiyeyaal ah oo la mid ah matalaadda Congress-ka iyo (gobollada intooda badan) dhammaan cod-bixiyayaashu waxay u codeeyaan cidda ku guulaysata codbixinta caanka ah ee gobolkooda. f:Madaxweyne Jamhuuri ah oo ay weheliyaan Jamhuuriga gacanta ku haysa labada gole ee Congress-ka g:CBS kama helin wax diiwaan ah oo dambi ah 75% dadka Venezuela ee la xiray. h: 2025, Pew Research waxay ogaatay dad ku nool dalal badan (12 ka mid ah 20 iyo 4 xiriir) waxay u arkeen Shiinaha inuu yahay dhaqaalaha ugu horreeya adduunka. ==Tixraac== [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html "Michael Cohen ayaa sheegay in Trump uu u sheegay in uu ugu hanjabay iskuulada in aysan sii deynin darajooyinka"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/politics/donald-trump-roy-cohn.html "Muxuu Donald Trump Ka Bartay Ninka Gacanta Midig Ee Joseph McCarthy] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo Kharashka Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka: Addenda et Corrigenda] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo sida Burburiyaha Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka] [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/donald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship "Sidee Donald Trump iyo Roy Cohn's arxan la'aanta Symbiosis u beddeshay Ameerika"] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/jun/21/hillary-clinton/yep-donald-trumps-companies-have-declared-bankrupt/ "Haa, shirkadaha Donald Trump waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay kiciyeen...in ka badan afar jeer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html "Trump waxa uu ku hawlanaa qorshayaal cashuureed oo laga shakisan yahay isaga oo ka guranaya maalkii Aabihiis"] [https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel "Taariikhda dabaylaha ah ee mashruucii ugu horeeyey ee hantida maguurtada ah ee Manhattan ee Donald Trump"] {{Wayback|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel |date=20211009191253 }} [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father "Sheekada beenta ah ee Trump wuxuu ku dhisay boqortooyadiisa 'amaah yar' oo uu ka helay aabihiis"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html "Trump, New Yorker inta nool, wuxuu naftiisa ku dhawaaqay inuu yahay degane Florida"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html "Trump's Plaza Hotel Planruptcy Plan waa la ansixiyay"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html "Trump waxa uu ka iibinayaa Hotel Plaza maalgashadayaasha Sucuudiga iyo Aasiya"] [https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-irs-audit-chicago-hotel-taxes "Hanti-dhawrka IRS ee Trump wuxuu ku kacayaa kharash ka badan 100 milyan oo doolar" Madaxweynihii hore] [https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ "Xaqiiqda ku saabsan kor u kaca iyo dhicitaanka Donald Trump ee Boqortooyada Atlantic City"] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ "Markii Afraad ee Soojiidashada: Sida Donald Trump Uga Sameeyey Fasaxa Isaga] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html "Wax kasta oo ku dhacay qoorta Trump? Way dhammaatay. Sidoo kale waa inta badan boqortooyadii ganacsiga ee Trump"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Toban sano oo Casaanka ah: Tirooyinka Canshuurta ee Trump ayaa muujinaya in ka badan $ 1 bilyan oo khasaare ganacsi ah"] [https://cnn.com/2016/08/22/politics/donald-trump-activist-investor/ "Xilligii Gordon Gekko: Donald Trump ee faa'iidada iyo wakhtiga muranka badan ee maal-galiye firfircoon"] [https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think "Waa maxay sababta uu Donald Trump u leeyahay xiddiga caanka ah ee caanka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee? Ma aha sababta aad u maleyneyso "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-donald-trump-retooled-his-charity-to-spend-other-peoples-money/2016/09/10/da8cce64-75df-11e6-8149-b8d05321db62_story.html "Sida Donald Trump uu dib ugu habeeyey hay'addiisa samafalka si uu u isticmaalo lacagta dadka kale"] [https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/18/media/vince-mcmahon-donald-trump-payments/index.html "Baaritaanno lagu sameeyay lacag-bixinnada xannibaadda ee Vince McMahon ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay soo saareen deeqaha samafalka ee Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html "Trump Foundation waxay amartay inay joojiso lacag ururinta xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee NY"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest "Donald Trump si uu u kala diro aasaaskiisa samafalka ka dib markii ay sii kordhayaan cabashooyinka"] [https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 "Madaxweyne Donald Trump waxa uu amray in uu bixiyo $2M si loo ururiyo hay'adaha aan macaash doonka ahayn taas oo qayb ka ah dacwadda madaniga ah"] [https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12 "Taariikhda dheer ee Trump ee Deutsche Bank waxay hadda noqon kartaa xarunta baaritaanka Robert Mueller"] [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christophermassie/theres-hours-of-audio-of-donald-trumps-nationally-syndicated "Waxaa jira saacado maqal ah oo ah Bandhigga Raadiyaha Qaranka ee Donald Trump's Syndicated 2000-meeyadii"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ "Sida warbaahinta muxaafidka ahi ula wareegayso xisbiga Jamhuuriga"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/02/04/trump-resigns-screen-actors-guild/ "Iyadoo uu wajahayo cayrinta, Trump wuxuu iska casilayaa xubinnimada jilayaasha shaashadda: 'Waxba iima aadan sameynin'] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ "Bush wuxuu yidhi Trump wuxuu ahaa Dimuqraadi in ka badan Jamhuuriga" tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay'] [https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/donald-trump-was-once-a-registered-democrat-and-party-donor-why-did-he-jump-ship/wj85mj5yq "Donald Trump mar wuxuu ahaa deeq bixiye dimuqraadi ah iyo xisbi, haddaba muxuu markabka u booday?"] [https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/ "Donald Trump wuxuu u tartamay madaxweyne sannadkii 2000 dhowr xisbi oo dib u habayn ah] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race "Donald Trump wuxuu ku guuldarreystay inuu ka baxo tartanka doorashada madaxtinimada Mareykanka ee 2012"] [https://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489476187/trump-s-second-amendment-comment-fit-a-pattern-of-ambiguous-speech "Khudbada muranka badan dhalisay ee Donald Trump inta badan way socotaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/ "Su'aalaha Trump wuxuu u baahan yahay NATO, wuxuu qeexayaa siyaasadda dibadda ee aan dhexdhexaad ahayn"] [https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ "Donald Trump wuxuu jebiyey taariikhda dhow isagoo aan soo celin canshuur celinta"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Donald Trump Waxa Uu Qiray In Aanu Bixin Cashuuraha Dakhliga Dowladda Dhexe Muddo Sanado Ah"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html "Tiro taariikhi ah oo codbixiyeyaal ah ayaa xumaaday, waxaana intooda badan loo malaynayaa inay u codeeyaan Clinton"] [https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ "Guusha Trump tusaale kale oo ku saabsan sida Kuliyada Doorashada ay u guuleysato ayaa ka weyn codadka dadweynaha"] [https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience "Donald Trump wuxuu noqon doonaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee Maraykanka ee aan lahayn khibrad siyaasadeed iyo mid milatari"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html "Dacwad ku saabsan xadgudubyada Emoluments Trump waxay kasbatay soo jiidashada maxkamadda"] [https://cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/emoluments-supreme-court-donald-trump-case/ "Maxkamadda sare waxay meesha ka saartay kiisas ka dhan ah Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-donation-salary-white-house/2021/07/29/07723234-efd9-11eb-bf80-e3877d9c5f06_story.html "Trump ma raacay ballan qaadkiisii ​​ahaa in uu ku deeqayo 6-dii bilood ee ugu dambeysay mushaarkiisa madaxtinimo? Waa wax qarsoon"] [https://www.citizensforethics.org/reports-investigations/crew-reports/trump-likely-benefited-from-13-6-million-in-payments-from-foreign-governments-during-his-presidency "Trump waxay u badan tahay inuu ka faa'iidey $13.6 milyan oo ay bixiyeen dowlado shisheeye intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/08/trump-jobs-record/ "Trump wuxuu lahaan doonaa rikoodhkii ugu xumaa ee shaqooyinka taariikhda casriga ah ee Maraykanka. Kaliya maaha masiibada"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html "Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka 2017-kii inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Moscow ee doorashada Mareykanka"] [https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ "Xidhiidh badan oo badan, badan, badan, xiriir badan ayuu Donald Trump la leeyahay Ruushka"] {{Wayback|url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |date=20170228022233 }} [https://www.9news.com.au/world/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-investigation-started-with-alexander-downer-interview/16121e23-bdfc-4f32-9822-e4a7f841e3e4 "Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah: Baadhitaanka Trump ee Ruushka ayaa ka bilaabmay waraysiga Alexander Downer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/us/politics/trump-russia-justice-department.html "Xafiiska Cadaaladda. Weligaa si buuxda uma baarin xiriirka Trump ee Ruushka, saraakiishii hore ayaa yiri "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/30/trump-briefly-acknowledges-that-russia-aided-his-election-falsely-says-he-didnt-help-effort/ "Trump wuxuu si kooban u qirayaa in Ruushku gacan ka geystay doorashadiisa - wuxuuna si been abuur ah u sheegay inuusan gacan ka geysan dadaalka"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/328637/last-trump-job-approval-average-record-low.aspx "Oggolaanshaha shaqada ee Trump ee u dambeeyay 34%; Celceliska waa Rikoor-hoosee 41%"] [https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ "Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee la doortay ee Maraykanka oo aan loo magacaabin ninka loogu jecel yahay Maraykanka sannadkiisii ​​ugu horeeyay"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/655955/trump-inaugural-approval-rating-historically-low-again.aspx "Qiimaynta Ansixinta Daahfurka ee Trump waa mid taariikhiyan mar kale hooseysa"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/11/opinion-of-us-has-worsened-in-countries-around-world-in-last-year-survey-shows "Fikirka Mareykanka ayaa ka sii daray dalalka adduunka sannadkii hore, sahan ayaa muujinaya"] [https://www.c-span.org/presidentsurvey2021/ "Sahaminta Taariikhyahanada Madaxweynaha 2021"b] [https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/trump-cspan-president-ranking-497184 "Trump wuxuu ku soo baxay kaalinta 41-aad ee qiimeynta madaxtinimo ee C-SPAN"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/06/30/presidential-rankings-2021-cspan-historians/ "Taariikhyahanadu waxay kaliya doorteen madaxweynayaasha. Trump ma ahayn kii ugu dambeeyay"] [https://scri.siena.edu/2022/06/22/american-presidents-greatest-and-worst/ "Madaxweynayaasha Mareykanka: kan ugu weyn uguna xun"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/19/opinion/how-does-trump-stack-up-against-the-best-and-worst-presidents.html "Fikirka: Sidee buu Trump uga soo horjeedaa kuwa ugu fiican - iyo kan ugu xun - madaxweynayaasha?"] [https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1232447088/historians-presidents-survey-trump-last-biden-14th "Sahanka maalinta madaxweynayaasha taariikhyahanada, Biden vs. Trump maaha wicitaan dhow"]{{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] op7lsi69sjv2hlbgywscjqm1y2gqfhb 299723 299721 2026-06-27T09:23:07Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Xiriirka saxaafadda */ Fixed grammar 299723 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald John Trump''' (wuxuu dhashay [[Juun]] [[14]], 1946) waa siyaasi [[Mareykan]] ah, shaqsi warbaahin ah, iyo ganacsade ah madaxweynaha 47-aad ee Mareykanka . Xubin ka tirsan Xisbiga Jamhuuriga , wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynihii [[45]]-aad ee [[2017]] ilaa 2021. {{Infobox officeholder | image = Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. THIS IS the new official portrait. See the talk page. --> | alt = Sawirka rasmiga ah ee Madaxweynaha 2025, Donald Trump, oo ah nin caddaan ah oo da’ ah, timo huruud khafiif ah leh, xirta surwaal iyo jaakad buluug ah oo leh surwaal laabta ah, taagan hortiisa calanka Maraykanka. | caption = Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2025. | order = 45aad & 47aad <!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] Waxay lahayd isfaham daciif ah oo lagu sii hayo xaaladda hadda jirta (ma jiro xiriir/ilaha lagu tixraaco).--> | office = Madaxweynaha Maraykanka | vicepresident = [[JD Vance]] | term_start = January 20, 2025 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Joe Biden]] | successor = | vicepresident1 = [[Mike Pence]] | term_start1 = January 20, 2017 | term_end1 = January 20, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Barack Obama]] | successor1 = Joe Biden | birth_name = Donald John Trump | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}} | birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]], U.S. | death_place = | party = [[Xisbiga Jamhuuriga (Mareykanka)|Jamhuuriyaan]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–Hadda) | otherparty = {{ubl | [[Xisbiga Dib-u-habaynta ee Mareykanka|Dib-u-habayn]] (1999–2001) | [[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga (Mareykanka)|Dimuqraadiga]] (2001–2009) | [[Siyaasi madax banaan|Madax banaan]] (2011–2012)}} | spouse = {{ubl | {{marriage|[[Ivana Trump|Ivana Zelníčková]]|1977|1990|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|1993|1999|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]]|2005}} }} | children = {{hlist | [[Donald Trump Jr. |Donald Jr.]] | [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] | [[Eric Trump|Eric]] | [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] | Barron }} | parents = {{ubl | [[Fred Trump]] | [[Mary Anne MacLeod]]}} | relatives = [[Qoyska Trump]] | education = [[Jaamacadda Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Shahaadada Sayniska|BS]]) | occupation = {{hlist | Siyaasi | Ganacsade | Shaqsiga warbaahinta }} | residence = [[Aqalka Cad]] | awards = | signature = Donald Trump (Presidential signature).svg | signature_alt = Saxeexa Donald J. Trump oo qaab farshaxan leh, lagu qoray khad. | website = {{ubl | {{URL|donaldjtrump.com|Campaign website}} | {{URL|trumplibrary.gov|Presidential library}} | {{URL|whitehouse.gov|White House website}} | {{URL|trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov|White House archives}} }} | module = {{Listen voice | filename = Donald Trump speaks on declaration of Covid-19 as a Global Pandemic by the World Health Organization.ogg | description = Trump oo ka hadlay bayaanka [[Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka|Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka]] [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 oo ah cudur faafa caalami ah]] | recorded = Maarso 11, 2020 }} }} Waxa uu ka dhashay qoys qani ah oo ku nool magaalada New York, Trump waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay jaamacadda Pennsylvania [[1968]]-dii isaga oo shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaatay cilmiga dhaqaalaha. Waxa uu noqday madaxweynaha ganacsiga hantida ma-guurtada ah ee qoyskiisa 1971-kii, waxa uu u bixiyay ururka Trump , waxa uuna bilaabay in uu helo oo dhiso dhismayaal dhaadheer, hoteello, casinos, iyo koorsooyin golf. Waxa uu bilaabay ganacsiyo dhinac ah, qaar badan oo shati siinaya magaca Trump, waxana uu xareeyay lix shil oo ganacsi 1990-meeyadii iyo 2000-meeyadii. Laga soo bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2015, wuxuu martigeliyay bandhigga telefishanka dhabta ah ee Tababbarka , isagoo xoojiyay caannimadiisa bilyaneer. Isaga oo isu soo bandhigaya siyaasad dibadda ka ah, Trump ayaa ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016-kii oo uu kula tartamay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary klinton . Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu soo rogay xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah toddobo waddan oo Muslimiin u badan, wuxuu ballaariyay darbiga xuduudka Mexico iyo Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaqan geliyey siyaasadda kala fogeynta qoyska ee xadka. Waxa uu dib u rogay xeerarkii deegaanka iyo ganacsiga, waxa uu saxeexay cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada , waxaanu magacaabay saddex garsoore oo Maxkamadda Sare ah. Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, Trump wuxuu ka saaray Mareykanka heshiisyada cimilada, ganacsiga iyo barnaamijka Nukliyeerka Iran, wuxuuna bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo uu la galo Shiinaha . Isaga oo ka jawaabaya masiibada COVID-19 laga soo bilaabo 2020, wuxuu hoos u dhigay darnaantiisa, wuxuu khilaafay saraakiisha caafimaadka, wuxuuna saxiixay Sharciga CARES . Ka dib markii uu lumiyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2020 ee Joe Biden , Trump wuxuu isku dayay inuu baabi'iyo natiijada , isagoo ku dhamaaday weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol 2021. Waxaa lagu riday 2019 ku takrifal awood iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka, iyo 2021 kicin kicin; guurtidu way ku wayday labada jeerba. 2023, Trump waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay kiisaska madaniga ah ee xadgudubka galmada ( Faylasha Epstein )iyo sumcad-dilista iyo khiyaanada ganacsiga . Waxaa lagu helay dambi ah inuu ka been abuuray diiwaannada ganacsiga 2024, taasoo ka dhigtay inuu noqdo madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Mareykan ah oo lagu helo dambi. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2024 ee Kamala Harris , waxaa lagu xukumay siidayn ciqaab la'aan ah , iyo laba eedeymo dambiile ah oo ka dhan ah haynta dukumentiyada sirta ah iyo carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 ayaa la eryay iyada oo aan eex lahayn. Kiis rafaad ah oo la xidhiidha doorashada 2020 ee Joorjiya waa la sugayaa. Trump wuxuu bilaabay madaxweynanimadiisii ​​labaad isagoo bilaabay shaqo ka cayrin ballaaran oo lagu sameeyay shaqaalaha federaalka . Wuxuu ku soo rogay canshuuraha ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan wadamada heerka ugu sarreeya tan iyo diiqada weyn wuxuuna saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Tallaabooyinka maamulkiisa - oo ay ku jiraan cabsi gelinta mucaaradka siyaasadeed iyo bulshada rayidka ah , masaafurinta soogalootiga, beegsiga dadka jinsiga ah, iyo isticmaalka ballaaran ee amarada fulinta - waxay soo saareen in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo ka soo horjeeda sharcinimadooda . Kiisaska caanka ah waxay hoosta ka xariiqeen tafsiirkiisa ballaadhan ee aragtida fulinta ee midaysan waxayna keentay khilaaf weyn oo lala galo maxkamadaha federaalka. Garsoorayaasha ayaa wax badan oo ka mid ah maamulkiisa ku tilmaamay kuwo sharci darro ah, waxaana dhowr jeer lagu tilmaamay kuwo aan sharciga waafaqsanayn. Laga soo bilaabo 2015, qaabka hoggaamineed ee Trump iyo ajandihiisa siyaasadeed - oo inta badan loo yaqaan Trumpism - ayaa wax ka beddelay aqoonsiga xisbiga Jamhuuriga. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinkiisa iyo ficilladiisa ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsuri ama caqli-xumo, wuxuuna sameeyay hadallo been abuur ah ama marin-habaabin ah wuxuuna kor u qaaday aragtiyaha shirqoolka heer aan horay looga baran siyaasadda Mareykanka. Tallaabooyinka Trump, gaar ahaan markiisa labaad, ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay ahaayeen kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geystay dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ka dib, aqoonyahanno iyo taariikhyahannadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen inuu yahay mid ka mid ah madaxweynayaashii ugu xumaa taariikhda Mareykanka Eedayno badana Waxa Loogu Soo jeediyay Dagaalkii Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan Iyo Difaaciisi Israa'iil iyo Carabta Bariga dhexe . ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== [[File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg|thumb|Akadeemiyada Militariga ee New York , 1964]] Donald John Trump waxa uu ku dhashay June 14, 1946, waxa uu ku dhashay cisbitaalka Jamaica ee ku yaala degmada New York ee degmada Queens , waana ilmihii afraad ee Fred Trump iyo Mary Anne MacLeod Trump . Waa Jarmal iyo Iskotish. Wuxuu ku koray walaalihiis ka weyn, Maryanne , Fred Jr. , iyo Elizabeth, iyo walaalkiis ka yar, Robert , oo ku yaal guri 23-qol ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Jamaica Estates ee Queens. Fred Trump wuxuu caruurtiisa siin jiray midkiiba $20,000 sanadkii, una dhiganta $265,000 sanadkii 2024. Trump wuxuu ahaa milyaneer doolarka sicir-bararka lagu hagaajiyay markuu siddeed jir ahaa. Trump wuxuu dhiganayay dugsiga gaarka loo leeyahay ee Kew-Forest ilaa fasalka toddobaad. Wuxuu ahaa ilmo dhib badan, wuxuuna muujiyay xiisaha hore ee ganacsiga aabihiis. Aabihii waxa uu ka diwaan galiyay New York Military Academy , dugsi boodhin ah oo gaar loo leeyahay, si uu u dhamaysto dugsiga sare. Akadeemiyadda ayaa ku riixday ardayda ciyaaraha isboortiga. waxayna bareen muhiimada guusha. Dugsigii sare, darajooyinkiisu way fiicnaadeen ilaa celceliska B. Trump wuxuu tixgeliyey xirfad ganacsi oo muujinaya, laakiin halkii, si uu ugu dhawaado guriga, wuxuu iska diiwaan geliyay Jaamacadda Fordham 1964. Waxa uu ka qaybqaatay barnaamijka Tababarka Saraakiisha Kaydka ah intii lagu jiray sannadkiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, isagoo dhiganayay fasallo ku labisan dharka ciidamada Arbacada kasta, laakiin wuxuu tuuray sannadkiisii ​​labaad. Wuxuu tuuray kubbadda cagta seddex ama afar usbuuc ka dib wuxuuna ahaa kubbadda cagta dhexdhexaad ah iyo ciyaartoy tennis ah. Asxaabtiisa Fordham waxay ku bareen golf. Sannadkiisii ​​yaraa, wuxuu u wareegay Dugsiga Wharton ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania , inta badan wuxuu u safri jiray xafiiska aabbihiis maalmaha fasaxa ah, wuxuuna ka qalin jabiyay Maajo 1968 oo uu ka qaatay shahaadada Sayniska ee dhaqaalaha. Kulliyadda ma ahayn ardaygii ugu sarreeyay ee uu mararka qaarkood sheegan jiray. Waqtigii uu aaday Wharton-halkaas oo uusan ka muuqan liiska kuwa hela abaalmarinta - wuxuu isha ku hayay xirfad ku taal hantida maguurtada ah. Waxa laga reebay qabyo-qoraalka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Vietnam sababtoo ah sheegashada lafaha cidhibtiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee shan sano oo uu ku jiray dugsiga milatariga, wax dan ah uma lahayn inuu dagaal galo. Koritaanka, wuxuu tixgeliyey aabbihiis iyo wadaadka qoyska, Norman Vincent Peale , inuu noqdo lataliyeyaashiisa. Aabihiis wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu yahay "boqor" iyo inuu yahay "dilaaye". Peale wuxuu ku wacdiyey isku kalsoonida sida dhiirigelinta barwaaqada. ==Xirfad ganacsi== ===Hanti ma guurto ah=== Laga bilaabo 1968, Trump waxa uu ka shaqaaleysiiyay Maareynta Trump, shirkadda aabbihiis ee hantida maguurtada ah, taas oo maamusha dhismayaasha dabaqyada dhexe ee Fred uu ka dhisay Queens , Staten Island , iyo Brooklyn . Hawlihiisa ugu muhiimsan waxay ahaayeen ururinta kirada iyo hagaajinta ilaa shan sano. Isagoo soo jiidasho leh iyo qaninimadiisa, Trump wuxuu ka codsaday aabihiis inuu ku ballaariyo Manhattan halkaas oo qiimihiisu sarreeyo, laakiin aabihiis ayaa ku qanacsanaa xaafadaha dibadda. 1971, wuxuu u guuray Manhattan halkaas oo uu qorsheeyay inuu u guuro ganacsiga wuxuuna u socdaalay xafiiska aabihiis. Sannadkaas, aabihiis wuxuu naftiisa ka dhigay guddoomiye iyo madaxweyne Trump, isaga oo kormeeraya 48 shirkadood oo gaar ah iyo 15 iskaashiga qoyska. Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ururka Trump u isticmaalo dalad ahaan magacyada shirkadaha ganacsi ee aabihiis. Roy Cohn , saamaynta hore ee Trump ee ugu muhiimsan aabihiis ka dib, wuxuu ahaa hagaajintiisa , qareenka, iyo lataliye. sannadihii 13 ee 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii. Cohn wuxuu baray Trump inuu u maleeyo in noloshu tahay macaamil ganacsi. 1973, Cohn wuxuu ka caawiyay Trump inuu ka soo horjeesto dawladda Mareykanka $ 100 milyan (oo u dhiganta $ 708 milyan 2024. eedeymaha ah in guryaha Trump ay takooreen codsadeyaasha madow iyo kireystayaasha. Eedihii Trump waa la laalay, waxaana kiiskii dawladda lagu dhameeyey Trumps oo saxeexay amar oggolaansho oo oggolaaday in meesha laga saaro. Afar sano ka dib, Trumps ayaa mar kale wajahay maxkamadaha markii lagu helay inay diidaan wareegtada. Caawinta mashaariicda Trump, Cohn wuxuu ahaa consigliere kaas oo isku xirka Mafia ay gacanta ku hayaan ururrada dhismaha. Sannadkii 1979-kii, Cohn wuxuu Trump u soo bandhigay la-taliyaha siyaasadda Roger Stone , kaasoo qoray adeegyada Stone si uu ula macaamilo dowladda federaalka. Trump waxa uu ka guuray istuudiyaha isaga oo u guuray guri guri leh oo aragti ah waxa uuna helay shatiga dilaalnimada guryaha bartamihii 1970-meeyadii. Kahor da'da soddon sano, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaankiisa dacwadda, iyada oo aan loo eegin natiijada iyo kharashka; xitaa markii laga badiyay, wuxuu kiiska ku tilmaamay guul. In ka badan soddon sano laga soo bilaabo 2018, Trump wuxuu ku lug lahaa in ka badan 4,000 oo dacwado ah, deymo, iyo faylalyo kale, oo inta badan loo xareeyay lacag la'aan isaga oo ka soo horjeeda shaqaalaha, qandaraaslayaasha, dilaaliinta guryaha, iyo qareenadiisa. Intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009 , Trump wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix ka mid ah ganacsigiisa: Plaza Hotel ee Manhattan, casinos ee Atlantic City, New Jersey , iyo Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts company. Sannadkii 1992, Trump, walaalihiis Maryanne, Elizabeth, iyo Robert, iyo ina-adeerkiis John W. Walter waxay samaysteen All County Building Supply & Maintenance Corp, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay 20 boqolkiiba. Shirkaddu ma lahayn xafiisyo waxaana lagu eedeeyay inay ahayd shirkad qolof ah oo bixisa bixinta adeegyada iyo saadka guryaha kiraynta Trump, ka dibna biilasha adeegyadaas iyo sahayda Maamulka Trump u dhigma 20-50 boqolkiiba iyo ka badan. Milkiilayaasha ayaa wadaagay dakhliga ka soo xarooday calaamaduhu. Kharashka la kordhiyey waxa loo isticmaalay in lagu helo ogolaanshaha gobolka ee kordhinta kirada unugyadiisa kirada-degan. Bishii Janaayo 1994, walaalaha waxay samaysteen Apartment Management Associates waxayna la wareegeen khidmadaha maaraynta ee ay hore u qaadi jirtay Maamulka Trump. Sidoo kale sicir-bararka kirada, qorshayaasha ayaa u adeegay in lagu wareejiyo hantida Fred Trump caruurtiisa iyo adeerka oo hoos loo dhigo culeyska canshuurta. ===Manhattan iyo Chicago horumarka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_with_model_of_Television_City.jpg|thumb|1985-kii oo wata moodal ka mid ah mashruuciisii ​​horumarinta Manhattan ee la soo riday ]] Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha dadweynaha 1978-dii markii uu bilaabay qoyskisa ganacsigii ugu horreeyay ee Manhattan: dib u cusboonaysiinta hudheelka Commodore ee burburay , oo ku dheggan Grand Central Terminal. Maalgelinta waxa fududeeyey $400 milyan oo cashuur dhimis ah oo hantida magaalada ah oo uu u habeeyey isaga oo uu aabbihiis u habeeyey kaas oo sidoo kale, si wada jir ah ula Hyatt , u dammaanad qaaday $70 milyan amaah dhismaha bangiga ah. Hudheelka ayaa dib loo furay 1980-kii isagoo ah Grand Hyatt Hotel , isla sanadkaas, wuxuu helay xuquuq uu ku horumarinayo Trump Tower , oo ah dhismo isku dhafan oo ku yaal Midtown Manhattan. Dhismuhu wuxuu ku yaalaa xarunta dhexe ee Trump Corporation iyo Trump's PAC wuxuuna ahaa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ilaa 2019. 1988, Trump wuxuu ku iibsaday Plaza Hotel isagoo dayn ka helay shirkado ay leeyihiin 16 bangi. Hudheelka ayaa loo gudbiyay ilaalinta musalsalka 1992, waxaana la ansixiyay qorshe dib-u-habayn bil ka dib, iyadoo bangiyada ay la wareegayaan hantida. Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu iska diiday in ka badan $3 bilyan oo deymo bangi ah, amaah-bixiyayaashuna waxay la wareegeen Hotel Plaza oo ay la socdaan badi hantidiisa kale "dib u habeyn ballaaran oo bahdilaad ah" taasoo u ogolaatay inuu ka fogaado khasaare shakhsi ah. Qareenka hogaanka bangiga ayaa sheegay go'aanka bangiyada in "dhammaan waxay isku raaceen in uu ka nolol fiicnaan lahaa dhimashada". Sannadkii 1996-kii, Trump waxa uu la wareegay oo dib u habayn ku sameeyay dhisme 71 dabaq ah oo inta badan bannaanaa oo ku yaalla 40 Wall Street , oo markii dambe loo beddelay Dhismaha Trump. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, wuxuu ku guuleystay xaqa uu u leeyahay inuu horumariyo dhul 70-acre (28 ha) ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Lincoln Square ee u dhow webiga Hudson. Isagoo ku dhibtoonaya deynta ganacsiyada kale ee 1994, wuxuu ka iibiyay inta badan danihiisa mashruuca maalgashadayaasha Aasiya, kuwaas oo maalgeliyay dhamaystirka mashruuca, Riverside South . Mashruucii ugu dambeeyay ee Trump ee dhismaha wuxuu ahaa 92-dabaq ee isku dhafan ee isticmaalka Trump International Hotel iyo Tower ee Chicago, kaas oo la furay 2008. 2024, The New York Times iyo ProPublica ayaa sheegay in Adeegga Dakhliga Gudaha uu baarayay haddii uu laba jeer qoray khasaaraha soo gaaray iyada oo loo marayo kharashka dhismaha iyo iibinta iibinta guryaha yar ee dib u celinta 8. ===casinos Atlantic magaalada=== [[File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg|thumb|Galitaanka Trump Taj Mahal ee Atlantic magaalada]] 1984, Trump wuxuu Harrah ka furay Trump Plaza , hudheel iyo casino, iyada oo maalgelin iyo caawimo maamul ay ka heshay Shirkadda Holiday . Waxay ahayd mid aan faa'iido lahayn, wuxuuna bixiyay Holiday $ 70 milyan bishii Maajo 1986 si uu keligiis u maamulo.  Sannadkii 1985-kii, waxa uu iibsaday hudheelka Atlantic City Hilton oo aan la furin oo uu u beddelay qalcadda Trump . Labada casinos waxay xareeyeen cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta 1992.  Trump wuxuu iibsaday goobta saddexaad ee Atlantic City 1988, Trump Taj Mahal . Waxaa lagu maalgeliyay $675 milyan oo doollar oo junk bonds ah waxaana lagu dhammeeyey $1.1 bilyan, oo la furay Abriil 1990. Waxa uu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta ee 1991. Sida ku cad qodobbada heshiiska dib-u-qaabaynta, waxa uu ka tanaasulay kala badh saamigiisii ​​hore oo shakhsi ahaan dammaanad qaaday waxqabadka mustaqbalka. Si uu u dhimo $900 milyan ee daynta gaarka ah, waxa uu iibiyay diyaaradda Trump Shuttle ; megayacht, Princess Trump , kaas oo laga kireeyay casinoskiisa oo lagu hayo; iyo ganacsiyo kale.  Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), kaas oo qaatay lahaanshaha Trump Plaza.  THCR waxa ay iibsatay Taj Mahal iyo Qasriga Trump 1996 waxana uu kacay 2004 iyo 2009, isaga oo ka tagay lahaanshaha boqolkiiba 10. Waxa uu ahaa guddoomiyaha ilaa 2009. ===Naadiyada Golf-ka=== Sanadkii 1985, Trump wuxuu la wareegay dhismaha Mar-a-Lago ee Palm Beach, Florida. Sannadkii 1995-kii, wuxuu u beddelay hantidii koox gaar ah oo leh lacag bilaw ah iyo kharashyo sannadle ah. Wuxuu sii waday inuu u isticmaalo baalka guriga sidii guri gaar ah. Waxa uu ku dhawaaqay naadigiisa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ee 2019. Waxa uu bilaabay dhisidda iyo iibsiga koorsooyinka golf- ka 1999-kii, isaga oo haysta 17 koorso golf ah 2016. ===Shati siinta magaca Trump=== Ururka Trump wuxuu inta badan shati u siiyay magaca Trump ee badeecadaha iyo adeegyada macaamiisha, oo ay ku jiraan cuntooyinka, dharka, koorasyada waxbarashada, iyo alaabta guriga. In ka badan 50 heshiisyada shatiga ama maamulka ayaa ku lug lahaa magaca Trump, isaga oo u soo saaray ugu yaraan $59 milyan shirkadihiisa. Sannadkii 2018, kaliya laba shirkadood oo alaabta macaamiisha ah ayaa sii waday inay sii wataan shatiga magaciisa. Intii lagu jiray 2000-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu magaciisa shati u siiyay horumarinta guryaha la dego ee adduunka oo dhan, 40 kuwaas oo aan waligood la dhisin. ===Dhaqdhaqaaqyada dhinaca=== [[File:Donald_Trump_and_Doug_Flutie_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Trump_Tower.jpg|thumb|1985 New Jersey Generals shir jaraa'id ee Trump Tower]] Sannadkii 1970-kii, Trump waxa uu galiyay $70,000 oo hantida aabbihiis ah si uu u helo biilasha isaga oo ka mid ah soo saaraha majaajilada Broadway-waxana uu lumiyay lacagtii. Ka dib markii uu u sameeyay dalabyo kubbadda hoose ee New York Mets iyo kooxihii Cleveland Indians baseball, 1983 ilaa $6 milyan, wuxuu iibsaday New Jersey Generals , koox ka tirsan Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Mareykanka . Horyaalka ayaa isku laabmay ka dib xilli ciyaareedkii 1985, oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku daygiisa inuu u guuro jadwalka dayrta (marka ay la tartami lahayd Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Qaranka ee dhagaystayaasha) iyo isku daygiisii ​​ahaa inuu ku qasbo ku biirista NFL isagoo keenaya suudh liddi ku ah. Trump iyo Hotelkiisa Plaza waxa ay marti galiyeen dhowr ciyaarood oo feerka ah hoolka shirarka ee Atlantic City Convention Hall . 1989 iyo 1990, wuxuu magaciisa ku siiyay tartanka tartanka baaskiilka ee Tour de Trump , isku dayga uu ku abuurayo Maraykan u dhigma jinsiyadaha Yurub sida Tour de France ama Giro d'Italia . Laga soo bilaabo 1986 ilaa 1988, wuxuu iibsaday qaybo badan oo saamiyo ah shirkado kala duwan oo dawladeed isagoo soo jeediyay inuu damacsan yahay inuu la wareego shirkadda kadibna uu iibiyo saamigiisa faa'iido, taasoo keentay in dadka indha indheeya ay u maleynayaan inuu ku hawlan yahay ganacsiga cagaaran .waqtiga New York waxay ogaatay in uu markii hore malaayiin doolar ku sameeyay macaamil ganacsi oo noocaas ah, laakiin "luminaya inta badan, haddii aysan ahayn dhammaan, faa'iidooyinkaas ka dib markii maalgashadayaasha ay joojiyeen in ay si dhab ah u qaataan hadalkiisa". [[File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG|thumb|Xiddiga Trump ee Socodka caanka ah ee Hollywood]] 1988, Trump waxa uu iibsaday Shuttle-ka Diyaaradaha ee Bari , isaga oo ku maal-geliyay iibsiga $380 milyan (oo u dhiganta $1.01 bilyan ee 2024 oo amaah ah oo ka socota bangiyada 22. Waxa uu u beddelay shirkadda duulimaadka ee Trump Shuttle waxana uu ku shaqaynayey ilaa 1992. Waxa uu diiday deymihiisii ​​1991-kii, lahaanshahana waxa uu u gudbay bangiyada. 1996-kii, wuxuu soo iibsaday Miss Universe pageants, oo ay ku jiraan Miss USA iyo Miss Teen USA . Sababtoo ah khilaafyada CBS ee ku saabsan jadwalka, wuxuu u qaaday labada bog ee NBC ee 2002. 2007, wuxuu helay xiddig ku socda Hollywood Walk of Fame shaqadiisa soo saaraha Miss Universe. NBC iyo Univision waxay hoos u dhigeen boggaga bishii Juun 2015 iyaga oo ka falcelinaya faallooyinkiisa ku saabsan soogalootiga Mexico. Sannadkii 2005, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Jaamacadda Trump , oo ah shirkad iibisa siminaarada guryaha ilaa $35,000. Ka dib markii maamulka Gobolka New York ay ku wargaliyeen shirkadda in isticmaalkeeda "jaamacad" ay jabisay sharciga gobolka (maadaama aysan ahayn machad akadeemiyadeed), magaceeda waxaa loo beddelay Trump Entrepreneur Initiative 2010. Sannadkii 2013, Gobolka New York wuxuu gudbiyay $ 40 milyan dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Jaamacadda Trump, isagoo ku eedeeyay in shirkadu ay samaysay hadallo been abuur ah oo ay khiyaanaysay macaamiisha. Intaa waxaa dheer, laba tallaabo oo heer caalami ah ayaa laga gudbiyay maxkamad federaali ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyo shirkadihiisa. Dukumiintiyo gudaha ah ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in shaqaalaha lagu amray inay adeegsadaan qaab si adag loo iibiyo, waxaana shaqaalihii hore ay caddeeyeen in jaamacadda Trump ay khiyaameysay ama been u sheegtay ardaydeeda. Wax yar ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016, wuxuu ogolaaday inuu bixiyo wadarta $ 25 milyan si loo xalliyo saddexda kiis. ===Aasaaska=== Donald J. Trump Foundation wuxuu ahaa aasaaska gaarka ah ee la aasaasay 1988. Laga soo bilaabo 1987 ilaa 2006, Trump wuxuu siiyay aasaaskiisa $ 5.4 milyan, taas oo ku baxday dhammaadkii 2006 . Vince McMahon . Aasaaska ayaa la siiyay samafalka caafimaadka- iyo isboortiga la xiriira, kooxaha muxaafidka ah, iyo samafal oo qabtay munaasabadaha guryaha Trump. Sannadkii 2016, The Washington Post ayaa sheegtay in hay'ad samafal ahi ay geysatay dhowr xadgudubyo xagga sharciga iyo anshaxa ah, oo ay ku jiraan is-wax-ka-qabasho iyo canshuur lunsi . Sidoo kale 2016, xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York ayaa sheegay in aasaaska uu ku xad-gudbay sharciga gobolka iyadoo la codsanayo deeqaha iyada oo aan la soo gudbin xisaab-celinta dibadda ee sannadlaha ah ee loo baahan yahay oo uu ku amray inay joojiso hawlaheeda lacag-ururinta ee New York isla markiiba. Kooxda Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay December 2016 in aasaaska la burburin doono. Bishii Juun 2018, xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York wuxuu gudbiyay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah aasaaska, Trump, iyo caruurtiisa qaangaarka, iyagoo raadinaya $2.8 milyan oo magdhow ah iyo ganaaxyo dheeraad ah. Bishii Diseembar 2018, aasaaska shaqada wuu joojiyay oo wuxuu u qaybiyay hantidiisa hay'ado kale oo samafal ah. ]Bishii Noofambar 2019, garsooraha gobolka New York ayaa ku amray Trump inuu bixiyo $2 milyan oo doolar koox samafal ah oo si khaldan u isticmaalay lacagaha mu'asasada, qayb ahaan si loo maalgeliyo ololihiisa madaxtinimo. ===Arrimaha sharciga iyo kacsiga=== Marka loo eego dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyay faylalka maxkamadda gobolka iyo federaalka oo ay samaysay USA Today sanadkii 2018, Trump iyo ganacsigiisu waxay ku lug lahaayeen in ka badan 4,000 oo tallaabo sharci oo heer gobol iyo federaal ah. Inkastoo uusan u xarayn kicinta shakhsi ahaaneed , ganacsigiisa hudheelka iyo casinos ee Atlantic City iyo New York wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix jeer intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009. Waxay sii wadeen inay shaqeeyaan halka bangiyada ay dib u habeyn ku sameeyeen deynta waxayna yareeyeen saamiyadiisa guryaha. Intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii, in ka badan 70 bangi ayaa Trump amaahiyay $4 bilyan. Ka dib markii uu kacday shirkaddiisa horraantii 1990-meeyadii, bangiyada ugu waaweyn, marka laga reebo Deutsche Bank , waxay diideen inay amaahiyaan isaga. Ka dib weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol , bangigu wuxuu go'aansaday inuusan ganacsi la samayn isaga ama shirkadiisa xiriirka la leh mustaqbalka. ===Maalka=== [[File:State Visit of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia State Dinner Receiving Line with Ivana Trump and Donald Trump in East Room - DPLA - 1a44d05819eab8ba3dcf7a6883ad92ba.jpg|thumb|Trump (midigta midig) iyo xaaskiisa Ivana oo 1985-kii casho sharaf dawladeed u sameeyey [[Boqor]] Fahad ee [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo ay la yeesheen Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan iyo Marwada Koowaad ee Nancy Reagan]] Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu shaqadiisa ku bilaabay “amaah yar oo hal milyan oo dollar ah” oo uu aabihii ka helay oo ay ahayd in uu dib ugu bixiyo ribo. Waxa uu ka amaahday ugu yaraan $60 milyan aabbihii, inta badan ma bixin deymihii, oo waxa uu ka helay $413 milyan oo kale (2018 u dhiganta, oo loo habeeyey sicir bararka) shirkadda aabihiis.  Isaga oo iska dhigaya sarkaal ka tirsan Ururka Trump oo lagu magacaabo " John Barron ", Trump wuxuu wacay saxafiga Jonathan Greenberg [[1984]], isagoo isku dayaya inuu darajo sare ka helo liiska Forbes 400 ee hodanka Mareykanka. Trump wuxuu iskiis u sheegay qiimihiisa saafiga ah: laga jaray $900 milyan 1990  ilaa $10 bilyan 2015. Sannadkii 2015, Forbes wuxuu ku qiyaasay hantidiisa $4.5 bilyan, iyadoo lagu salaynayo waraysiyo lala yeeshay in ka badan 80 ilo. Sannadkii 2025, majaladda ayaa ku qiyaastay hantidiisa $5.1 bilyan waxayna ku qiimeysay qofka 700-aad ee ugu qanisan adduunka. ==Xirfadda warbaahinta== Trump waxa uu daabacay 19 buug oo magaciisa ku qoran, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay qoreen ama ay qoreen kuwa wax qora . Buugiisi ugu horeeyay, The Art of the Deal (1987), waxa uu ahaa New York Times iibiyaha ugu fiican , waxaana lagu tiriyaa New Yorker in uu Trump ka dhigay mid caan ku ah "astaanta maalqabeenada guulaystay". Buugga waxaa qoray Tony Schwartz , kaas oo loo aqoonsan yahay qoraaga. Trump wuxuu lahaa muuqaalo filimaan badan iyo bandhigyo telefishan laga soo bilaabo 1985 ilaa 2001 . Wuxuu si goos-goos ah ugu soo muuqday shirkadda legdinta ee WWE laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii oo ay ku jiraan WrestleMania 23 ee 2007. Laga bilaabo 1990-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu u muuqday 24 jeer isagoo marti ku ah bandhigga Howard Stern Show ee qaranka . Waxa uu lahaa barnaamij sheeko gaaban oo raadiyaha ah, Trumped! , laga bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2008. Laga soo bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2015, wuxuu ahaa faallooyinka martida ee Fox & Friends . Sannadkii 2021, Trump, oo xubin ka ahaa tan iyo 1989, wuu iska casilay SAG-AFTRA si uu uga fogaado dhageysiga edbinta ee ku saabsan weerarkii Janaayo 6. Laba maalmood ka dib, ururka shaqaalaha ayaa si joogto ah u diiday isaga. ===Tababbarka iyo Xirfadlaha caanka ah=== Soo saaraha Mark Burnett ayaa Trump ka dhigay xiddig telefishan ah markii uu abuuray The Apprentice , kaas oo Trump uu martigeliyay 2004 ilaa 2015 (oo ay ku jiraan kala duwanaanshaha The Celebrity Apprentice ). Bandhigyada, waxa uu ahaa madaxa fulinta sare oo meesha ka saaray tartamayaasha odhaahda " waad cayrisay". The New York Times ayaa ugu yeedhay sawirkiisa "mid aad u faanaysi badan, oo aad u khayaali ah" naftiisa. Bandhigyadu waxay dib u dhigeen sawirka Trump malaayiin daawadayaal ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. Heshiisyada shatiga ee la xidhiidha, waxay kasbadeen in ka badan $400 milyan. ==Himilooyinka siyaasadeed ee hore== Trump wuxuu ka diiwaan gashan yahay Jamhuuriya ahaan Queens 1969 iyo Manhattan 1987; xubin ka mid ah Xisbiga Madaxbanaanida , gobolka New York ee xisbiga Reform Party , 1999; Dimuqraadiyiintii 2001 ; Jamhuuriyaddii 2009; aan xiriir la lahayn 2011; iyo Jamhuuriya 2012 [[File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor.jpg|thumb|Isagoo ka hadlaya CPAC , [[Febraayo]] 2011]] 1987, Trump wuxuu xayeysiisyo bog buuxa ah ku dhejiyay wargeysyada waaweyn oo muujinaya aragtidiisa ku aaddan siyaasadda dibadda iyo sida loo tirtiro hoos u dhaca miisaaniyadda federaalka. Sannadkii 1988-kii, waxa uu la xidhiidhay Lee Atwater , isaga oo waydiisanaya in la tixgeliyo in uu yahay musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga ee George HW Bush . Bush wuxuu codsigaas u helay "mid qariib ah oo aan la rumaysan karin". Trump waxa uu ahaa musharrax 2000 ee xisbiga Reform Party ee horudhaca madaxtinnimada saddex bilood ka hor inta uusan ka tanaasulin Febraayo 2000 . Waxa uu ka hadlay shirkii waxqabadka siyaasadda ee muxaafidka bishii Febraayo, wuxuuna khudbado ka jeediyay gobollada horudhaca ah ee horudhaca ah. Bishii Maajo 2011, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuusan tartami doonin ==2016 doorashada madaxweynaha== Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay inuu u sharaxan yahay doorashada 2016 June 2015. Waxa uu u ololeeyay sidii maalqabeen, ganacsade guul leh iyo shisheeye aan khibrad siyaasadeed lahayn, wuxuuna ku andacoodey in warbaahintu u xaglinayso isaga. Hadaladiisa ol'olaha badanaa waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan caddayn oo soo jeedin ah, iyo lambarka rikoodhku waa been. Waxa uu noqday murashaxa ugu horreeya ee Jamhuuriga bishii March 2016 waxaana lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay musharaxa Jamhuuriga ee la malaynayo bishii May [[File:Donald_Trump_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg|thumb|Ololaha Arizona, Maarso 2016]] Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay NATO mid "dhacday" iyo aragtiyo la isku halleyn karo oo lagu tilmaamay Washington Post inay yihiin kuwo aan dhexdhexaad ahayn iyo ilaalin . Ololihiisa ololaha wuxuu xooga saaray dib u gorgortanka xiriirka US-China iyo heshiisyada ganacsiga xorta ah sida NAFTA iyo si adag u dhaqan gelinta sharciyada socdaalka. Jagooyinka kale ee ololaha waxaa ka mid ah raadinta madaxbannaanida tamarta iyada oo ka soo horjeeda xeerarka isbeddelka cimilada, casriyeynta adeegyada loogu talagalay halyeeyada , baabi'inta iyo beddelka sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo , baabi'inta heerarka waxbarashada aasaasiga ah , maalgelinta kaabayaasha , fududaynta koodhka canshuurta iyada oo la dhimayo canshuuraha, iyo ku soo rogida canshuuraha soo dejinta ee shirkadaha ka shaqeeya xeebaha. Waxa uu ku taliyey in la kordhiyo kharashaadka milatariga iyo in si xad dhaaf ah loo baadho ama laga mamnuuco soogalootiga dalalka Muslimka u badan. Waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu darbi ka dhisayo xudduudda Mexico iyo Maraykanka, waxa uuna wacad ku maray in Mexico ay bixin doonto kharashka. Wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu masaafurin doono malaayiin muhaajiriin sharci darro ah oo ku nool Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaleeceeyay dhalashada dhalashada inuu dhiirigelinayo " carruurta barroosinka ah ". Sida laga soo xigtay falanqaynta Sayniska Siyaasadda ee Quarterly , Trump wuxuu sameeyay "ras-raac cad oo cunsurinimo iyo jinsiyeed ah si uu uga guuleysto codbixiyayaasha cadaanka ah" intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxtinimada ee 2016. Gaar ahaan, khudbadiisii ​​ololaha ololaha ayaa soo jiidatay dhaleeceyn ku aaddan sheegashada muhaajiriinta reer Mexico "waxay keeneen daroogo, waxay keeneen dambi, waa kufsi"; oo ka jawaabaya, NBC waxay ka eriday Xirfadlaha caanka ah . Warbixinada Trump ee FEC ee looga baahan yahay ayaa ku taxay hantida ka sareysa $1.4 bilyan iyo deymaha taagan ee ugu yaraan $315 milyan. Ma uusan sii deyn canshuur celintiisa , taasoo lid ku ah dhaqanka musharax kasta oo weyn tan iyo 1976 iyo ballanqaadkiisii ​​2014 iyo 2015 inuu sidaas sameyn doono haddii uu u tartamo jagada. ( 166 ) Wuxuu sheegay in canshuur celintiisa la baarayo , qareennadiisuna ay kula taliyeen inuusan sii deyn. Kadib dagaal dheer oo maxkamadeed oo lagu joojinayo sii deynta canshuur celintiisa iyo diiwaanada kale ee qareenka degmada Manhattan si loogu sameeyo dambi baaris, oo ay ku jiraan laba racfaan oo uu Trump u gudbiyay Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka , Febraayo 2021 maxkamadda sare waxay ogolaatay in diiwaannada loo sii daayo dacwad oogaha si ay u eegaan xeerbeegti weyn. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, qaybo ka mid ah dacwadaha gobolka Trump ee 1995 ayaa loo siidaayay wariye ka socda New York Times . Waxay muujinayaan inuu ku dhawaaqay inuu khasaaray $ 916 milyan sanadkaas, taas oo u ogolaan karta inuu ka fogaado canshuuraha ilaa 18 sano. Trump ayaa ku guuleystay 306 cod oo la ballanqaaday halka 232 ay heshay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary Clinton . Ka dib markii doorashadi labada dhinac ay ka baxeen , tirinta rasmiga ah waxay ahayd 304 ilaa 227 . Waxa uu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan ka mid ahayn ciidamada, mana qaban wax xafiis dawladeed ka hor inta uusan noqon madaxweynaha. Doorashadiisu waxay calaamad u ahayd soo noqoshada dawlad Jamhuuriya oo aan qaybsanayn . Guusha Trump waxay dhalisay mudaaharaadyo ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Maraykanka ==Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay (2017-2021)== [[File:Donald_Trump_swearing_in_ceremony.jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , oo uu maamulayo madaxa cadaalada John G. Roberts Jr. , Janaayo 20, 2017]] [[File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg|thumb|Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2017]] ===Ficilada hore=== Trump ayaa la caleemasaaray Janaayo 20, 2017. Maalin ka dib markii la caleemasaaray, qiyaastii 2.6 milyan oo qof oo adduunka ah, oo ay ku jiraan 500,000 oo ku nool Washington, DC, ayaa mudaaharaad ka dhan ah isaga oo ka qeyb qaatay socodkii haweenka . Intii lagu guda jiray usbuucii ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump wuxuu saxiixay lix amar fulineed , oo ay ku jiraan oggolaanshaha habraacyada baabi'inta sharciga ilaalinta bukaanka iyo daryeelka la awoodi karo ("Obamacare"), ka noqoshada wada-xaajoodka iskaashiga Trans-Pacific, horumarinta mashaariicda Keystone XL iyo Dakota Access Pipeline , iyo qorsheynta darbiga xadka Maraykanka ee Mexico. ===Isku dhacyada xiisaha=== Ka hor inta aan la caleema-saarin, Trump wuxuu ganacsigiisa u raray kalsooni la burin karo , halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa kalsooni indho la'aan ama habayn u dhigma "si uu naftiisa uga gooyo danihiisa ganacsi". Wuxuu sii waday inuu ka faa'iidaysto ganacsigiisa wuxuuna ogaa sida siyaasadda maamulkiisu u saamaysay. Inkasta oo uu sheegay in uu ka fogaan doono "heshiisyada cusub ee ajnabiga ah", Ururka Trump wuxuu dabagalay ballaarinta hawlgalka ee Scotland, Dubai, iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dominican. ​​Lobbyists, saraakiisha dawladda shisheeye, deeq-bixiyeyaasha Trump iyo xulafadooda ayaa boqolaal milyan oo doolar u soo ururiyay goobihiisa dalxiiska iyo hoteellada. Trump ayaa lagu dacweeyay inuu ku xad-gudbay Qodobbada Emoluments Gudaha iyo Dibadda ee Dastuurka Mareykanka , markii ugu horreysay ee qodobbada si cad loo dacweeyay. Hal kiis ayaa lagu diiday maxkamadda hoose. Labo ayaa Maxkamadda Sare ay shaqada ka cayrisay ka dib markii uu xilka qabtay. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu ugu deeqayo mushaharkiisa madaxtinnimo iyo faa'iidada uu ka helo dammaanadda shisheeye ee dawladda Maraykanka. Waxa uu ugu deeqay mushaharkiisa hay'adaha federaalka waxana uu dacaayadeeyay deeq kasta ilaa Juulay 2020. Wakaaladaha federaaliga ah ee ay sahamisay The Washington Post bishii Luulyo 2021 waxa ay sheegeen in aanay wax hadiyad ah helin wixii ka dambeeyay bishaas. Muwaadiniinta Mas'uuliyadda iyo Anshaxa ee Washington ayaa sheegay 2024 inuu ku deeqay $448,000 oo lagu qiyaasay $13.6 milyan oo lacag ah oo uu ka helay dawlado shisheeye muddadiisii ​​ugu horreysay. ===Siyaasadda gudaha=== Trump wuxuu xafiiska la wareegay meesha ugu sarreysa ballaarinta dhaqaale ee ugu dheer taariikhda Mareykanka, kaasoo bilaabmay 2009 oo socday ilaa Febraayo 2020, markii hoos u dhaca COVID-19 uu bilaabmay. Bishii Disembar 2017, wuxuu saxiixay Sharciga dhimista Canshuuraha iyo Shaqada ee 2017 . Waxay hoos u dhigtay qiimaha cashuuraha ee ganacsiyada iyo shakhsiyaadka waxayna meesha ka saartay ciqaabtii la xidhiidhay sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo . Maamulka Trump ayaa ku andacoonaya in ficilku aanu hoos u dhigi doonin dakhliga dawladda, laakiin dakhliga 2018 ayaa 7.6 boqolkiiba ka hooseeya saadaasha. Marka loo eego Trump, hoos u dhaca miisaaniyada federaalku wuxuu kordhay ku dhawaad ​​50 boqolkiiba, ilaa ku dhawaad ​​$ 1 trillion 2019. Dhammaadkii muddadiisa, deynta qaranka Mareykanka waxay kordheen 39 boqolkiiba, taasoo gaartay $ 27.75 trillion, iyo saamiga US-deficit-to-GDP ayaa ku dhuftey mid sare oo ka mid ah Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Trump waxa kale oo uu ku guuldarraystay in uu ka dhabeeyo ballan-qaadkiisii ​​ololaha ee ahaa $1 trillion oo qorshe kharash-bixineed oo kaabayaasha ah. Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee casriga ah ee Maraykanka ee xilka ka taga isaga oo ka shaqaale yar marka loo eego markii uu xilka qabtay, saddex milyan oo qof. Wuxuu diiday fikradda sayniska ee isbeddelka cimilada . Wuxuu hoos u dhigay miisaaniyada cilmi baarista tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo 40 boqolkiiba wuxuuna bedelay siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee lagu hagayay isbedelka cimilada. Wuxuu ka baxay heshiiskii Paris , taasoo ka dhigtay Mareykanka dalka kaliya ee aan ansixin. Wuxuu ujeedkiisu ahaa in kor loo qaado wax soo saarka iyo dhoofinta shidaalka fosil . Gaaska dabiiciga ah ayaa balaariyay Trump, laakiin dhuxusha ayaa sii waday hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu dib u soo celiyay in ka badan 100 xeerarka deegaanka ee federaalka, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa xakameyey qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo , wasakhowga hawada iyo biyaha, iyo isticmaalka walxaha sunta ah. Wuxuu wiiqay ilaalinta xoolaha iyo heerarka deegaanka ee mashaariicda kaabayaasha federaalka, wuxuuna balaariyay meelaha la oggol yahay ee qodista iyo soo saarista kheyraadka, sida oggolaanshaha qodista Qaxootiga Arctic . Trump wuxuu burburiyay xeerarkii federaalka ee caafimaadka, shaqada, deegaanka, iyo meelo kale, oo ay ku jiraan sharci baabi'iyay xeerkii xilligii Obama ee xaddidayay iibinta hubka dadka maskaxda ka xanuunsan. Inta lagu jiro lixdii toddobaad ee ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, wuxuu dib u dhigay, hakiyay, ama beddelay sagaashan xeer federaal ah, inta badan "kadib codsiyo ka yimid warshadaha nidaamsan". Machadka Daacadnimada Siyaasadda wuxuu ogaaday in 78 boqolkiiba soo jeedintiisa ay xannibeen maxkamadaha ama aysan ka adkaan dacwadda. Intii lagu guda jiray ololihiisa, Trump wuxuu wacad ku maray inuu baabi'in doono oo uu bedeli doono Sharciga Daryeelka La awoodi karo . Xafiiska, waxa uu hoos u dhigay fulinta sharciga iyada oo loo marayo amarada fulinta. Wuxuu muujiyay rabitaan ah inuu "u oggolaado Obamacare inuu guuldareysto"; maamulkiisu waxa uu kala badh ka dhimay xilliga is-diiwaangelinta waxana uu si weyn u dhimay dhaqaalihii loogu talo galay dhiirrigelinta diiwaangelinta. Bishii Juun 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu ku biiray 18 dawladood oo Jamhuurigu hoggaamiyo oo ku doodaya ka hor Maxkamadda Sare in baabi'inta ganaaxyada maaliyadeed ee la xidhiidha waajibaadka shakhsi ahaaneed ay ka dhigtay sharciga mid dastuuri ah. Codsigoodu wuxuu baabi'in lahaa caymiska caafimaadka ilaa 23 milyan oo Maraykan ah, laakiin kuma guulaysan. Intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016, Trump wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu ilaalin doono maalgelinta Medicare iyo barnaamijyada kale ee badbaadada bulshada. Janaayo 2020, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaanka inuu tixgeliyo dhimista iyaga. Isagoo ka jawaabaya cudurka faafa ee opioid , Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharci sanadka 2018 si loo kordhiyo maalgelinta daawaynta daroogada, laakiin waxaa si weyn loogu dhaleeceeyay inuu ku guuldareystay inuu sameeyo istiraatiijiyad la taaban karo. Wuxuu ka mamnuucay hay'adaha bixiya ilmo iska soo rididda ama u gudbinta ilmo soo rididda inay helaan lacagaha federaalka. Waxa uu sheegay in uu taageeray "guurka dhaqameed", laakiin wuxuu tixgeliyey sharcinimada waddanka oo dhan ee guurka isku jinsiga ah "la degay". Maamulkiisu waxa uu dib u rogay qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah ilaalinta goobta shaqada ee maamulka Obama ee ka dhanka ah takoorka dadka LGBTQ .Isku daygiisii ​​isku daygiisii ​​ee ilaalinta takoorka ee bukaannada transgender- ka bishii Agoosto 2020 waxaa joojiyay garsoore federaal ah ka dib markii ay xukuntay Maxkamadda Sare ay kordhisay ilaalinta xuquuqda madaniga ah ee shaqaalaha aqoonsiga jinsiga iyo jihada galmada. Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu ka soo horjeedo xakamaynta hubka , in kasta oo ay aragtidiisu is beddeshay muddo ka dib. Maamulkiisu waxa uu qaatay mawqif ka dhan ah marijuana , isaga oo burinaya siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee ilaalin jiray dawladaha sharciyeeyay marijuana. Waa u doode muddo dheer ah ee ciqaabta dilka ah, iyo maamulkiisu wuxuu kormeeray dawladda federaalka ah ee fulinta 13 maxbuus, in ka badan 56 sano ee hore marka la isku daro, oo soo afjaraya 17 sano oo joojin ah. Sannadkii 2016, wuxuu sheegay inuu taageersan yahay isticmaalka hababka jirdilka su'aalaha "jahannamo aad uga xun kan biyaha-qaadista . ===Xiriirka jinsiyadeed=== Faallooyinka Trump ee 2017 Mideynta Dibad-baxa Xaqa ah , oo cambaareeyay "bandhiggan foosha xun ee nacaybka, nacaybka iyo rabshadaha dhinacyo badan" oo sheegaya in ay jiraan "dad aad u fiican oo labada dhinac ah", ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay inay muujinayaan u dhigma akhlaaqda u dhexeeya dibad-baxayaasha sare-sare ee cadaanka ah iyo mudaaharaadayaasha. Bishii Janaayo 2018 dood ku saabsan sharciga socdaalka, waxaa la sheegay inuu u tixraacay El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, iyo wadamada Afrika sida "wadamada shithole". Hadaladiisa waxaa lagu cambaareeyay cunsurinimo. [[File:President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(49964153176).jpg|Iyadoo koox saraakiil iyo la-taliyeyaal ah ay ka soo lugeeyeen Aqalka Cad kuna sii jeeday Kaniisadda St.]] Bishii Luulyo 2019, Trump ayaa bartiisa twitterka ku soo qoray in afar haween ah oo ka tirsan Kongareeska Dimuqraadiga—dhammaan dadka laga tirada badan yahay, oo seddex ka mid ah ay u dhasheen Mareykanka - ay tahay inay " ku laabtaan " dalalkii ay "ka yimaadeen".Laba maalmood ka dib Golaha Wakiiladu waxay u codeeyeen 240-187, inta badan iyagoo raacaya xisbiyada, si ay u cambaareeyaan "faallooyinka cunsuriyadda". Daabacaada wadani ee cadaanka ah iyo warbaahinta bulshada ayaa amaanay hadaladiisa, kuwaas oo sii socday maalmaha soo socda. Waxa uu sii waday hadallo la mid ah intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2020. Bishii Juun 2020, intii lagu jiray mudaaharaadyadii George Floyd , saraakiisha fulinta sharciga federaalku waxay isticmaaleen sunta dadka ka ilmeysiisa iyo tabaha kale ee dadka si ay uga saaraan dad badan oo nabdoon oo mudaaharaadayaal sharci ah fagaaraha Lafayette , bannaanka Aqalka Cad . Trump ayaa markaa la soo baxay Kitaabka Quduuska ah si uu sawir uga qaado Kaniisadda Episcopal St. Hogaamiyeyaal ciidan oo badan oo shaqada ka fadhiistay iyo saraakiisha difaaca ayaa cambaareeyay soo jeedintiisa ah in uu isticmaalo millatariga Maraykanka mudaharaadayaasha ka soo horjeeda bilayska. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee uu Trump xilka hayay, waxa uu oggolaaday 237 codsi oo naxariis ah, taas oo ka yar dhammaan madaxweynayaashii tan iyo 1900-kii marka laga reebo George HW Bush iyo George W. Bush . Keliya 25 iyaga ka mid ah ayaa waxaa shaandheeyay Xafiiska Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Xafiiska Qareenka Cafiska ; kuwa kale waxaa la siiyay dadka xiriirka shakhsi ahaaneed ama siyaasadeed ee isaga, qoyskiisa, iyo xulafadiisa, ama ay ku taliyaan dadka caanka ah. Maalintii ugu dambaysay ee uu xafiiska joogay, waxa uu ogolaaday 73 cafis waxana uu ka khafiifiyay 70 xukun. Dhawr xulafada Trump ah uma qalmin cafis marka loo eego xeerarka Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo xaalado kale waaxdu waxay ka soo horjeedsatay naxariista. Cafiskii saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan ciidanka milatariga oo lagu helay ama lagu soo oogay dambiyo rabshado wata ayaa waxaa ka soo horjeestay hogaamiyayaasha ciidamada. ===Socdaalka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg|thumb|Baarista tusaalaha darbiga xadka ee Otay Mesa, California]] Madaxweyne ahaan, Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay socdaalka sharci darrada ah inuu yahay "duulaanka" Maraykanka oo uu si weyn u kordhiyay fulinta socdaalka. Wuxuu hirgeliyay siyaasado adag oo ka dhan ah magangalyo-doonka wuxuuna u daabulay ku dhawaad ​​6,000 oo askari xadka US-Mexico si ay u joojiyaan isgoysyada sharci darrada ah. Waxa uu hoos u dhigay tirada qaxootiga loo ogolaaday in ay diiwaan gashadaan, laga bilaabo xadka sanadlaha ah ee 110,000 ka hor inta uusan xafiiska la wareegin 15,000 ee 2021 . Mid ka mid ah ballamihiisii ​​ololaha dhexe waxa ay ahayd in uu derbi ka dhisayo xudduudda US-Mexico ; intii lagu jiray xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Maraykanku wuxuu dhisay 73 mayl (117 km) oo derbi ah meelaha aan lahayn caqabadaha iyo 365 mayl (587 km) si uu u beddelo caqabadaha hore. 2018, diidmada Trump ee ah in uu saxeexo kharash kasta oo kharash ah ilaa ay u qoondaysay maalgelinta darbiga xuduudka waxay keentay xidhidhkii ugu dheeraa abid ee dawladda dhexe , muddo 35 maalmood ah laga bilaabo Disembar 2018 ilaa Janaayo 2019. Si looga fogaado xidhitaan kale, Koongarasku waxa uu soo saaray biil dhaqaale oo dhan $1.4 bilyan oo loogu talagalay dayrarka xuduudaha bishii Febraayo. Trump ayaa markii dambe ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo heer qaran ah oo ku taal xudduudda koonfureed si uu u leexiyo $ 6.1 bilyan oo maalgelin ah derbiga xudduudaha inkastoo congress-ka is khilaafeen. Bishii Janaayo 2017, Trump wuxuu saxiixay amar fulin oo u diidaya inay soo galaan muwaadiniinta lix waddan oo Muslimiin u badan afar bilood iyo inay ka yimaadaan Suuriya si aan xad lahayn. Amarka ayaa sababay mudaaharaadyo badan iyo caqabado sharci taasoo keentay amarro dalka oo dhan ah . Amarka dib loo eegay oo bixiya qaar ka reeban ayaa sidoo kale xannibay maxkamadaha, laakiin Maxkamadda Sare waxay xukuntay bishii Juun in mamnuucida la fulin karo kuwa ka maqan " xidhiidh daacad ah oo lala yeesho qof ama hay'ad" gudaha Maraykanka saraakiil, laakiin waxay ka saareen Ciraaq iyo Suudaan. Maxkamadda Sare waxay ogolaatay in noocaas uu dhaqan galo Diseembar 2017, oo ugu dambeyntii taageertay xayiraadda 2019. Laga soo bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu lahaa siyaasad kala qaybsanaan qoys oo kala saaray in ka badan 4,400 carruurta soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee waalidkood, 2 ee Maraykanka . Siyaasad aan hore loo arag. ayaa dalka ka dhalisay cadho dadweyne. Inkasta oo Trump uu markii hore eedaynayay Dimuqraadiyiinta oo uu ku adkaystay inuusan joojin karin siyaasadda amarka fulinta, wuxuu aqbalay cadaadiska dadweynaha bishii Juun 2018 wuxuuna amray in qoysaska soogalootiga sharci-darrada ah la wada xiro haddii aysan "ay jirin walaac" khatarta ilmaha. Garsooraha ayaa markii dambe amar ku bixiyay in qoysaska la isu keeno oo kala fogaansho dheeraad ah la joojiyo marka laga reebo xaalado xaddidan, inkastoo in ka badan 1,000 carruur dheeraad ah laga soocay qoysaskooda amarka ka dib. ===Siyaasada Arimaha Dibada=== [[File:-G7Biarritz_(48616362963).jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyayaasha G7 ayaa shir madaxeedka 45-aad ee Fransiiska, 2019]] Trump wuxuu isku tilmaamay inuu yahay "qaraniyad" iyo siyaasadiisa arrimaha dibadda " Ameerika 1aad ". Waxa uu taageeray dawladihii populist , neo-nationalist , iyo dawlado kali-talis ah. Saadalin la'aan, hubanti la'aan, iyo iswaafaqla'aan ayaa lagu gartaa xiriirka dibadda intii uu xilka hayay. Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo xulafadiisa reer Yurub waxa uu ahaa mid xun intii uu Trump joogay. Wuxuu dhaleeceeyay xulafada NATO wuxuuna si gaar ah u soo jeediyay in Maraykanku ka baxo NATO . Trump wuxuu taageeray siyaasado badan oo ka mid ah siyaasadaha ra'iisul wasaaraha Israel Benjamin Netanyahu . Sannadkii 2020, Trump waxa uu martigeliyay saxeexa heshiiskii Abraham ee u dhexeeyay Israa’iil iyo Imaaraadka Carabta iyo Baxrayn si ay caadi uga dhigaan xidhiidhkooda dibadda. [[File:President_Trump_%26_the_First_Lady%27s_Trip_to_Europe_(42547210635).jpg|thumb|Isagoo gacan qaadaya madaxweynaha [[Ruushka]] Vladimir Putin intii lagu jiray shirkii 2018 ee Helsinki , [[Finland]]]] Trump ayaa dagaal ganacsi la bilaabay Shiinaha 2018 ka dib markii uu ku soo rogay canshuuro iyo caqabado kale oo ganacsi oo uu sheegay in ay ku qasbi doonto Shiinaha in ay soo afjarto ku dhaqanka ganacsiga cadaalad darada ah ee mudada dheer soo jiray iyo ku xadgudubka hantida garaadka . Trump waxa uu wiiqay cunaqabatayntii ugu adkeyd ee uu Maraykanku soo rogay ka dib markii 2014 uu Ruushku la wareegay Kiirymiia . Trump wuu ammaanay oo, sida ay sheegeen qaar ka mid ah dadka dhaleeceeyay, dhif ayuu u dhaleeceeyay madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin , inkasta oo uu ka soo horjeestay tallaabooyinka qaar ee dawladda Ruushka. Waxa uu Maraykanka ka saaray heshiiska dhex-dhexaadka ah ee ciidamada Nukliyeerka , isaga oo u cuskanaya in Ruushku aanu u hoggaansamin, oo uu taageeray suurtagalnimada in Ruushku ku soo laabto G7 . Iyada oo hubka Nukliyeerka ee Waqooyiga Kuuriya loo arkayay khatar halis ah, Trump wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Maraykan ah ee la kulma hoggaamiyaha Kuuriyada Waqooyi, oo la kulmay Kim Jong Un saddex jeer : Singapore bishii Juun 2018, Hanoi bishii Febraayo 2019, iyo Aagga Dillatari ee Kuuriya ee Juun 2019 ===Shaqaale=== Dhammaadkii sannadkii ugu horreeyay ee Trump xafiiska, 34 boqolkiiba shaqaalahiisa asalka ah waa ay iska casileen, shaqada laga eryay, ama waa la bedelay. Ilaa Luulyo 2018, 61 boqolkiiba kaaliyeyaashiisa sare ayaa ka tagay iyo shaqaalaha 141 ayaa ka tagay sannadkii hore. Labada tiroba waxay dhigayaan rikoodh madaxweynayaashii dhawaa. Kaaliyeyaasha gaarka ah ee u dhow Trump ayaa shaqada ka tagay ama lagu qasbay. Waxa uu si cad u bahdilay dhowr ka mid ah saraakiishiisii ​​ugu sarraysay. Trump wuxuu lahaa afar madax oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad , isaga oo fogeynaya ama riixaya dhowr. Bishii Maajo 2017, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay agaasimihii FBI James Comey , isagoo sheegay maalmo ka dib inuu ka walaacsan yahay doorka Comey ee baaritaannada Trump iyo Ruushka. Saddex ka mid ah 15-kii xubnood ee asalka ahaa ee Trump ayaa baxay ama lagu qasbay inay is casilaan sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay. Trump wuu ka gaabiyay inuu magacaabo saraakiisha heerka labaad ee waaxda fulinta, isagoo sheegay in jagooyin badan oo aan loo baahnayn. Bishii Oktoobar 2017, waxaa jiray boqollaal jagooyin hoosaadyo ah oo aan la magacaabin. Ilaa Janaayo 8, 2019, ee 706 jagooyin muhiim ah, 433 ayaa la buuxiyay mana uusan u magacaabin 264. ===Garsoorka=== Trump ayaa magacaabay 226 garsoore oo heer federaal ah , oo ay ku jiraan 54 ka mid ah maxkamadaha rafcaanka iyo saddex ka mid ah maxkamadda sare : Neil Gorsuch , Brett Kavanaugh , iyo Amy Coney Barrett . Magacaabistiisa Maxkamadda Sare waxay siyaasad ahaan u wareejisay Maxkamadda dhinaca midig. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ballan qaaday in Roe v. Wade la rogi doono "si toos ah" haddii isaga la doorto oo la siiyo fursad uu ku magacaabo laba ama saddex garsoorayaasha ka hortagga ilmo soo rididda. Ka dib waxa uu qaatay sumcad markii Roe uu afgembiyay Dobbs v. Jackson Ururka Caafimaadka Haweenka 2022; Dhammaan saddexdii xubnood ee uu soo magacaabay Maxkamadda Sare waxay ku codeeyeen aqlabiyadda. Trump wuxuu quudhsaday maxkamadaha iyo garsoorayaasha uu ku khilaafay, inta badan qaab shakhsiyeed, wuxuuna su'aal galiyay awoodda dastuuriga ah ee garsoorka. Weerradiisa uu ku qaaday maxkamadaha ayaa waxaa ka dhashay canaan ka timid goobjoogayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan garsoorayaal heer federaal ah oo fadhiyey, kuwaas oo ka walaacsanaa saamaynta hadalladiisu ku yeelan karaan madaxbannaanida garsoorka iyo kalsoonida shacabku ku qabaan garsoorka. ===Cudurka caalamiga ah covid-19=== [[File:White_House_Press_Briefing_(49666120807).jpg|thumb|Qabashada war-saxaafadeed COVID-19 ah oo lala yeelanayo xubnaha Aqalka Cad ee Hawl-galka Coronavirus Maarso 15, 2020]] Trump ayaa markii hore iska dhaga tiray digniinaha caafimaadka bulshada iyo baaqyada ah in tallaabo laga qaado saraakiisha caafimaadka ee maamulkiisa. Trump wuxuu aasaasay Ciidanka Aqalka Cad ee Coronavirus bishii Janaayo 29. Bishii Maarso 27, wuxuu saxiixay sharciga CARES Act - $ 2.2 trillion biilka kicinta dhaqaalaha laba geesoodka ah - kicinta ugu weyn taariikhda Mareykanka. Ka dib toddobaadyo weeraro ah si ay uga fogaato jawaabtiisa gaabis ah, Trump wuxuu joojiyay maalgelinta Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka bishii Abriil. Bishii Abriil 2020, kooxaha ku xiran Jamhuuriga ayaa abaabulay mudaaharaadyo ka dhan ah qufulka oo looga soo horjeedo tallaabooyinka ay dowladaha gobolladu qaadayeen si ay ula dagaallamaan masiibada; Trump ayaa ku dhiirigeliyay mudaaharaadyada Twitter-ka , in kasta oo dawladaha la beegsaday aysan la kulmin tilmaamaha maamulkiisa ee dib u furitaanka. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u cadaadiyay hay'adaha caafimaadka federaalka inay qaadaan tallaabooyin uu doorbiday, sida oggolaanshaha daaweynta aan la xaqiijin. Bishii Oktoobar, Trump waxa la dhigay cusbitaalka Xarunta Caafimaadka Qaranka ee Walter Reed muddo saddex maalmood ah iyada oo uu jiro kiis daran oo ah COVID-19 ===Baaritaanada=== Ka dib markii uu la wareegay xafiiska, Trump wuxuu ahaa mawduuca kordhinta Waaxda Caddaaladda iyo kormeerka Kongareeska, iyada oo la baarayo ololihiisa doorashada, kala-guurka, iyo caleema saarka, tallaabooyinkii la qaaday intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa, ganacsigiisa gaarka ah , canshuuraha shakhsi ahaaneed, iyo aasaaska samafalka . Waxaa jiray toban baaritaan dembi oo federaal ah, siddeed gobol iyo baaritaanno maxalli ah, iyo laba iyo toban baaritaan oo kongareeska ah. Bishii Luulyo 2016, FBI waxay bilawday duufaanta Crossfire , baaritaan ku saabsan xiriirka suurtagalka ah ee ka dhexeeya Ruushka iyo ololaha Trump ee 2016. Kadib markii Trump uu shaqada ka eryay Comey bishii Maajo 2017, FBI-da ayaa furtay baaritaan labaad oo ku saabsan xiriirkii shakhsi ahaaneed iyo ganacsi ee Trump uu la yeeshay Ruushka . Bishii Janaayo 2017, saddex hay'adood oo sirdoon oo Mareykan ah ayaa si wadajir ah u sheegay "kalsooni sare" in Ruushku uu farageliyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump. Shaki badan xidhiidho ka dhexeeya saaxiibada Trump iyo saraakiisha Ruushka ayaa la ogaaday. Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Ruushka ee doorashada. Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah ayaa markii dambe loo wareejiyay baaritaanka qareenka gaarka ah ee Robert Mueller ; Baaritaanka ku saabsan xiriirka Trump iyo Ruushka waxaa soo afjaray ku xigeenka xeer ilaaliyaha guud Rod Rosenstein ka dib markii uu u sheegay FBI in Mueller uu sii wadi doono arrinta. Codsiga Rosenstein, baaritaanka Mueller wuxuu baaray arrimaha dambiyada "ee la xiriira faragelinta doorashada 2016 ee Ruushka". Mueller ayaa soo gudbiyay warbixintiisii ​​u dambaysay bishii March 2019. Warbixintu waxay ogaatay in Ruushku uu farageliyay 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump iyo in Trump iyo ololihiisii ​​ay soo dhaweeyeen oo ay dhiiri galiyeen dadaalka, laakiin caddaynta "ma aysan xaqiijin" in Ruushka ama xubnaha ololaha Trump ay abaabuleen. Trump waxa uu ku andacooday in warbixintaasi ay ka saartay isaga in kasta oo Mueller uu qoray in aanay taasi dhicin. Warbixintu waxay sidoo kale faahfaahisay carqaladaynta suurtagalka ah ee caddaaladda ee Trump, laakiin "ma aysan soo saarin gabagabada kama dambaysta ah" oo ka tagtay go'aanka lagu soo oogay sharciyada Congress-ka. Bishii Abriil 2019, Guddiga Kormeerka ee Aqalka ayaa soo saaray amar maxkamadeed oo ay ku raadinayaan faahfaahin maaliyadeed bangiyada Trump, Deutsche Bank iyo Capital One , iyo shirkaddiisa xisaabaadka, Mazars USA . Wuxuu dacweeyay bangiyada, Mazars, iyo guddoomiyaha guddiga Elijah Cummings si looga hortago in la shaaciyo. Bishii Maajo, laba garsoore ayaa xukuntay in Mazars iyo bangiyada labadaba ay tahay inay u hoggaansamaan amar-qaadista; . Qareennada Trump ayaa racfaan ka qaatay. Bishii Sebtembar 2022, Trump iyo guddiga ayaa ku heshiiyey heshiis ku saabsan Mazars, shirkadduna waxay bilowday inay wareejiso dukumentiyada. ===Eedaynta=== [[File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_(49498772251).jpg|thumb|Soo bandhigida cinwaanka "Trump waa la sii daayay" 2020]] Trump waxaa laba jeer xilka ka xayuubiyey aqalka kongress-ka, in kastoo aqalka senate-ka ay labada jeerba dambi ku soo oogeen. Xil ka qaadistii ugu horeysay ayaa ka dhalatay cabasho sir ah oo [[Bilaha]] [[Luuliyo]] 2019 Trump ku cadaadiyay madaxweynaha [[Yukrayn]] [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] inuu baadho Joe iyo Hunter [[Biden]], isagoo isku dayaya inuu faa'iido ka helo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2020 . Bishii [[Disembar]] 2019, aqalku wuxuu u codeeyay in Trump lagu soo oogo ku takri fal awoodeed iyo carqaladeyn Kongress-ka , iyo Senatka ayaa dambi ku waayay [[Febraayo]] 2020. Xil ka qaadista labaad ayaa timid ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo ee Capitol, kaas oo aqalku uu Trump ku soo oogay in uu kiciyay kacdoon 13-kii Janaayo 2021. Trump ayaa xafiiska ka tagay 20-kii Janaayo, waxaana lagu sii daayay Febraayo 13. Todobo senate oo Jamhuuriya ayaa u codeeyay xukun. ===2020 doorashada madaxweynaha=== Trump wuxuu xareeyay inuu u tartamo dib-u-doorashada saacado yar uun ka dib markii uu noqday madaxweynaha 2017. Waxa uu qabtay isu soo baxkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee dib-u-doorashada wax ka yar bil ka dib markii uu xafiiska qabtay wuxuuna si rasmi ah u noqday musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga Agoosto 2020. Ololaha Trump wuxuu diiradda saaray dambiyada, isagoo ku andacoonaya in magaalooyinka ay hoos ugu dhici doonaan sharci-darro haddii Dimuqraadigu ku guuleysto doorashada. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u beeniyey boosaska Biden wuxuuna ka codsaday cunsuriyadda. Laga bilaabo horraantii 2020, Trump wuxuu abuuray shaki ku saabsan doorashada, isagoo ku andacoonaya caddayn la'aan in la musuqmaasuqi doono iyo in isticmaalka baahsan ee waraaqaha waraaqaha ay soo saari doonto khiyaamo doorasho oo ballaaran. Wuxuu xannibay maalgelinta Adeegga Boostada Mareykanka , isagoo sheegay inuu doonayo inuu ka hortago koror kasta oo ku yimaada codbixinta boostada. Wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu diiday inuu sheego inuu aqbali doono natiijada haddii laga guulaysto oo uu ballan qaado in si nabad ah xukunka loogu kala wareejiyo . ===Luminta Biden iyo diidmada natiijada=== Biden wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii November 2020, isagoo helay 81.3 milyan cod (51.3 boqolkiiba) Trump's 74.2 milyan (46.8 boqolkiiba ) iyo 306 codadka doorashada ee Trump 's 232 . subaxa ka dib doorashada. Maalmo ka dib, markii Biden la saadaaliyay in uu guulaysanayo, Trump waxa uu si aan sal iyo raad toona lahayn u eedeeyay musuqmaasuqa doorashada. Iyadoo qayb ka ah dadaalka lagu doonayo in lagu baabi'iyo natiijada , Trump iyo xulafadiisa ayaa gudbiyay dacwado badan oo ka dhan ah natiijooyinka , kuwaas oo ay diideen ugu yaraan 86 garsoore oo ka tirsan maxkamadaha gobolka iyo federaalka labadaba iyagoo aan lahayn wax xaqiiqo ah ama sharci ah. Eedeymaha Trump waxaa sidoo kale beeniyay saraakiisha doorashada ee gobolka, Maxkamadda Sare ayaa diiday in ay dhageysato kiis lagu codsanayo in la baabi'iyo natiijada afar gobol oo uu ku guuleystay Biden. Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u raadsaday caawimo si uu u rogo natiijooyinka, isaga oo shakhsi ahaan cadaadis saaraya Jamhuuriga maxalliga ah iyo kuwa haya xafiisyada gobolka, Sharci-dejiyaha Jamhuuriga, Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo Madaxweyne Ku-Xigeenka Pence, oo ku boorriyay ficillada sida beddelka cod-bixiyeyaasha madaxweynaha , ama in saraakiisha Georgia ay ku dhawaaqeen natiijada "dhammaan" Toddobaadyadii doorashada ka dib, Trump wuu ka baxay hawlihii guud. Waxa uu markii hore ka horjoogsaday saraakiisha dawladda in ay la shaqeeyaan Biden ee ku-meel-gaadhka madaxweynenimada . Saddex toddobaad ka dib, maamulaha Maamulka Adeegyada Guud wuxuu ku dhawaaqay Biden "guuleeyaha muuqda" ee doorashada, isaga oo u oggolaanaya bixinta agabka kala-guurka kooxdiisa. Inkastoo Trump uu sheegay in uu ku taliyay in GSA ay bilowdo hab-maamuuska kala-guurka, weli si rasmi ah uma uusan aqbalin. Trump kama uusan qeybgalin xafladdii Biden ee Janaayo 20. ===Janaayo 6-dii weerarkii Capitol=== Bishii Disembar 2020, waxaa soo baxay warbixino sheegaya in hoggaamiyeyaasha millatariga Mareykanka ay heegan sare ku jireen, saraakiisha darajo sarena ay ka wada hadleen waxa la sameeyo haddii Trump uu ku dhawaaqo sharciga dagaalka . Agaasimaha CIA Gina Haspel iyo General General Mark Milley , oo ah gudoomiyaha Taliyaasha Wadajirka ah ee Shaqaalaha , ayaa ka walaacsanaa in Trump uu isku dayo inqilaab ama tallaabo militari oo ka dhan ah Shiinaha ama Iran. Milley wuxuu ku adkaystay in lagala tashado amar kasta oo militari oo ka yimaada Trump, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka hubka nukliyeerka. [[File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_(50820534063)_(retouched).jpg|thumb|Dadweyne taageersan Trump intii uu weerarka socday]] Duhurnimadii Janaayo 6, 2021, iyadoo Congress-ka uu caddaynayay natiijada doorashada madaxtinimada ee Capitol US , Trump wuxuu ku qabtay isu soo bax ka dhacay Ellipse oo u dhow . Isagoo ka hadlayay gadaasha muraayad dhalo ah, wuxuu ku baaqay in doorashada la rogo wuxuuna ku booriyay taageerayaashiisa inay "la dagaalamaan sida cadaabta" oo "ay dib u soo ceshadaan waddankeena" iyagoo u socda Capitol. Taageerayaashiisa ayaa markaa sameeyay koox koox ah oo jebisay dhismaha , carqaladeeyay shahaadada waxayna sababtay daad-gureynta Congress-kaaIintii lagu guda jiray weerarka, Trump wuxuu ku dhajiyay baraha bulshada laakiin ma uusan weydiisan rabshado inay kala firdhiyaan. Qoraal uu soo dhigay bartiisa Twitter -ka 6-dii maqribnimo ayuu u sheegay in ay “Guryaha ku tagaan jacayl & nabad”, waxa uu ugu yeeray “wadani-weyn”, waxa uuna ku celiyay in uu ku guuleystay doorashada. Koongarasku mar dambe ayaa dib loo furay oo xaqiijiyay guushii Biden saacadihii hore ee Janaayo 7. In ka badan 140 booliis ah ayaa ku dhaawacmay, shan qofna way dhinteen intii uu socday ama ka dib weerarka. Dhacdadan ayaa lagu tilmaamay isku day afgambi oo uu sameeyay Trump. ==Inta u dhaxaysa madaxweynayaasha (2021-2025)== Markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ku noolaado Mar-a-Lago, isaga oo xafiis ka samaystay halkaas sida uu dhigayo sharciga madaxweynayaashii hore . Sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee sii socota ee ku saabsan doorashada 2020 waxaa caadi ahaan loogu yeeraa " beenta weyn " ee uu dhaleeceeyay, inkastoo May 2021, isaga iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa ay bilaabeen isticmaalka ereyga si ay u tixraacaan doorashada lafteeda. Xisbiga Jamhuurigu wuxuu u adeegsaday sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee ku saabsan doorashada si uu ugu caddeeyo soo rogida xannibaadaha codbixinta cusub ee ay ku jirto. Wuxuu sii waday inuu ku cadaadiyo sharci-dejiyeyaasha gobolka inay joojiyaan doorashada. Si ka duwan madaxweynayaashii hore ee kale, Trump wuxuu sii waday inuu xukumo xisbigiisa; profile 2022 ee New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay inuu yahay madaxa xisbiga casriga ah . Waxa uu sii waday lacag ururinta, isaga oo kor u qaaday xabad dagaal oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan laba jeer xisbiga Jamhuuriga, oo uu ka faa'iidaystay lacag ururinta musharaxiin badan oo Jamhuuri ah oo lagu qabtay Mar-a-Lago. Inta badan waxa uu diiradda saaray maamulka xisbiga iyo in uu xilal muhiim ah ka dhigo saraakiil isaga daacad u ah. Doorashadii xilliga dhexe ee 2022 , wuxuu taageeray in ka badan 200 oo musharraxiin ah oo u tartamaya xafiisyo kala duwan. Bishii Febraayo 2021, wuxuu diiwaangeliyay shirkad cusub, Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG), si ay u siiso "adeegyada isku xirka bulshada" macaamiisha Mareykanka. Bishii Maarso 2024, TMTG waxay ku biirtay shirkad soo iibsata ujeedo gaar ah oo Digital World Acquisition waxayna noqotay shirkad dadweyne . Bishii Febraayo 2022, TMTG waxay bilowday Truth Social , oo ah madal warbaahinta bulshada ah. ===Arrimaha sharciga=== Sannadkii 2019-kii, wariye E. Jean Carroll ayaa ku eedeeyay Trump inuu kufsaday 1990-meeyadii, wuxuuna ku dacweeyay sumcad-dil uu u geystay diidmadiisa. Carroll ayaa mar kale dacweeyay 2022 batari iyo sumcad dil dheeraad ah. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay xadgudub galmo iyo sumcad dil waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo $ 5 milyan hal kiis iyo $ 83.3 milyan kan kale. Maxkamadaha rafcaanka federaalku waxay taageereen natiijooyinkii iyo abaal-marintii Diseembar 2024 iyo Sebtembar 2025, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sannadkii 2022, New York waxay soo gudbisay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyada oo ku eedaysay inuu sare u qaaday qiimaha Ururka Trump si uu faa'iido uga helo bixiyeyaasha iyo bangiyada. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo ku dhawaad ​​$355 milyan oo lagu daray dulsaar. Bishii Agoosto 2025, maxkamadda rafcaanku waxay taageertay mas'uuliyadda Trump iyo ganaaxyada aan lacagta ahayn laakiin waxay meesha ka saartay ciqaabta lacageed oo xad dhaaf ah [[File:Classified_intelligence_material_found_during_search_of_Mar-a-Lago.jpg|thumb|Walax sirdoon oo sir ah ayaa la helay intii lagu jiray raadinta Mar-a-Lago]] Iyada oo la xidhiidha dadaalka Trump ee uu ku doonayo in uu ku joojiyo doorashada 2020 iyo ku lug lahaanshaha weerarkii January 6, December 2022 guddiga Aqalka Maraykanka ee weerarka ayaa soo jeediyay eedeymaha dambiyada ka dhanka ah isaga oo hor istaagay dacwad rasmi ah , shirqool lagu khiyaameeyay Maraykanka , iyo kicinta ama caawinta kacdoonka. Bishii Agoosto 2023, xeerbeegti weyn oo ku taal Fulton County, Georgia , ayaa ku soo oogtay 13 eedeymo, oo ay ku jiraan racketeering , dadaalkiisa uu ku doonayo inuu ku dumiyo doorashada 2020 ee gobolka. Bishii Janaayo 2022, Maamulka Kaydka iyo Diiwaanka Qaranka ayaa soo saaray 15 sanduuq oo dukumeenti ah oo Trump u qaaday Mar-a-Lago ka dib markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo qaarkood la sifeeyay. Baaritaankii Waaxda Caddaaladda ee xigay, mas'uuliyiintu waxay ka soo saareen dukumeentiyo sir ah oo badan oo qareenadiisa ah. Agoosto 8, 2022, wakiilada FBI waxay Mar-a-Lago ka baadheen dukumeenti si sharci darro ah loo haysto, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa jebinta sharciga basaasnimada , ururinta 11 dukumeenti qarsoodi ah, qaar sir sare leh. Xeer -beegti heer federaal ah oo uu sameeyay La-taliyaha Gaarka ah Jack Smith ayaa Trump ku soo oogay bishii Juun 2023 31 dacwadood oo ah "si ula kac ah u haynta macluumaadka difaaca qaranka" sida hoos timaada Xeerka Basaasnimada , iyo eedeymo kale. Trump wuu diiday dambiga. Bishii Luulyo 2024, garsoore Aileen Cannon ayaa meesha ka saaray kiiska , xukunka Smith magacaabistiisa xeer ilaaliye gaar ah wuxuu ahaa sharci darro. Bishii Maajo 2024, Trump waxaa lagu xukumay 34 dacwadood oo dembi ah oo ka been sheegay diiwaannada ganacsiga . Kiisku wuxuu ka yimid caddayn ah inuu ballansaday lacag-bixinnada lacagta-ka-soo-baxa ee Michael Cohen ee jilaa filimada qaangaarka ah ee Stormy Daniels sida kharashaadka ganacsiga si uu u daboolo eedeymihiisii ​​2006-2007 ee Daniels intii lagu jiray doorashadii 2016. Janaayo 10, 2025, xaakimku wuxuu siiyay Trump xukun ciqaab la'aan ah oo loo yaqaan siideyn shuruud la'aan ah, isagoo sheegay in shuruudaha ciqaabta ay faragelinayaan xasaanadda madaxweynaha. Ka dib markii dib loo doortay, kiiskii carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 iyo kiiskii dukumeentiyada qarsoodiga ahaa waa la eryay iyada oo aan la eedayn siyaasada Waaxda Cadaaladda ee ka dhanka ah dacwad qaadista madaxweynayaasha. ==2024 doorashada madaxweynaha== Bishii Noofambar 2022, Trump wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu u tartamayo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2024 wuxuuna abuuray akoon lacag ururin ah. Bishii Maarso 2023, ololuhu wuxuu bilaabay inuu u weeciyo boqolkiiba toban deeqaha hoggaankiisa PAC . Ololihiisu waxa uu bixiyay $100 milyan oo ku wajahan biilasha sharciga ah March 2024. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump wuxuu sameeyay hadallo rabshado wata oo isa soo taraya. Waxa uu sheegay in uu hubayn doono FBI-da iyo Waaxda Caddaaladda ee ka soo horjeeda siyaasaddiisa oo uu u adeegsado militariga si uu u beegsado siyaasiyiinta Dimuqraadiga ah iyo kuwa aan taageersanayn musharaxnimadiisa. Wuxuu adeegsaday hadallo ka daran oo bini'aadantinimada ka dhan ah intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa. Hadalkiisa, isaga oo ugu yeeraya mucaaradkiisa siyaasadeed "cadow", cayayaan, iyo faashiistaha, ayaa taariikhyahannada iyo aqoonyahannada qaarkood ku tilmaameen kalitalisnimo, faashiste oo ka duwan wax kasta oo musharax siyaasadeed uu waligiis ku sheegay taariikhda Mareykanka. Da'da iyo welwelka caafimaadka ayaa sidoo kale kacday intii lagu jiray ololaha, iyada oo dhowr khabiiro caafimaad ah ay muujinayaan kororka xamaasada, hadalka jilicsan iyo dabeecadda . Trump wuxuu xusay "doorasho la musuq-maasuqay" iyo "faragelin doorashada" ka hor iyo in ka badan intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016 iyo 2020 wuxuuna diiday inuu ballan qaado inuu aqbalo natiijada doorashada 2024. Falanqeeyayaasha New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay tan sida xoojinta "madaxyada aan ku guuleysto; dabo aad khiyaamayso" xeeladaha hadal; Wargeysku waxa uu sheegay in sheegashada doorashada lagu shubtay ay noqotay laf dhabarta ololaha. July 13, 2024, Trump ayaa dhegta lagu toogtay isku day dil oo ka dhacay isu soo bax olole oo ka dhacay magaalada Butler Township, Pennsylvania . Laba maalmood ka dib, Shirweynihii Qaranka ee Jamhuuriga ee 2024 ayaa u magacaabay musharaxa madaxweynenimo. Bishii Sebtembar, waa la bartilmaameedsaday laakiin waxba ma gaarin isku day dil oo Florida ka dhacay . Trump wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii Noofambar 2024 isagoo helay 312 codadka doorashada madaxweyne ku xigeenka Kamala Harris's 226. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku guuleystay codadka caanka ah 49.8% Harris' 48.3%. Guushiisa 2024 waxay qayb ka ahayd dib-u-dhac caalami ah oo ka dhan ah xisbiyada xilka haya, oo qayb weyn ka ah sicir bararka 2021-2023 . Dhowr xarumood ayaa ku tilmaamay dib u doorashadiisa soo laabasho aan caadi ahayn. ==Madaxweynaha 2aad (2025- hadda)== [[File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_(2025)_(alternate).jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , waxaa maamula madaxa cadaalada John Roberts , [[Janaayo]] 20, 2025]] Trump wuxuu bilaabay markiisa labaad markii uu xilka qabtay Janaayo 20, 2025. Wuxuu noqday shaqsiga ugu da'da weyn ee qabta xilka madaxtinimo , madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee dambi culus lagu soo oogay, iyo qofkii labaad ee laba xilli oo aan isku xigta madaxweyne ka noqdo. Isku daygiisii ​​uu ku doonayay inuu ku balaadhiyo awoodda madaxweynaha iyo iska horimaadyada maxkamadaha ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay sifada qeexaysa xilligiisa labaad. ===Ficilada hore, 2025- hadda=== Markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, Trump waxa uu saxeexay amarro fulineed oo taxane ah . Qaar badan oo kuwan ka mid ah waxay tijaabiyeen awooddiisa sharci, waxayna soo saareen tallaabo sharci oo degdeg ah. Wuxuu soo saaray amaro fulineed ka badan maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne kasta. Afar maalmood oo ka mid ah xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad, falanqaynta uu sameeyay Time waxay ogaatay in ku dhawaad ​​​​saddex-meelood laba meelood ee ficilladiisa fulinta "muraayada ama qayb ahaan muraayadda" soo jeedinta Mashruuca 2025 . Toddobaadyadiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, dhowr ka mid ah ficilladiisa ayaa iska indhatiray ama ku xad-gudbay sharciyada federaalka, qawaaniinta, iyo Dastuurka sida ay qabaan culimada sharciga ee Mareykanka. Bishii ugu horreysay ee maamulkiisa, Trump wuxuu soo saaray sagaashan amar fulineed, qoraallo, iyo awaamiir. Waxa uu u adeegsaday dawladda si uu u beegsado dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda iyo ficilladiisa ka dhanka ah bulshada rayidka ah ayay khubarada sharciga iyo boqollaal saynisyahano siyaasadeed ku tilmaameen mid keli-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Awaamiirtiisa iyo ficilladiisa waxaa ka soo horjeestay in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo dalka oo dhan ah, iyada oo intooda badan ay weli u socdaan maxkamadaha July 2. ===Iskahorimaadyada xiisaha, 2025 - hadda=== Madaxtinimadii labaad ee Trump waxaa lagu tilmaamay in uu leeyahay ilaalin yar oo ka dhan ah iskahorimaadyada danaha marka loo eego kii ugu horreeyay, iyo jabinta tobannaan sano oo xeerarka anshaxa. Waxa uu sii waday shirkad si guud looga ganacsado oo ku taal Trump Media & Technology Group , wuxuuna u kala beddelay adeegyo maaliyadeed. Waxa uu daba galay heshiisyo cusub oo hanti ma guurto ah oo dibadda ah oo ay ku lug leeyihiin hay'ado dawladeed oo xidhiidh la leh, waxana uu lahaa dhawr shirkadood oo calaamadayn iyo shati bixin ah oo uu ku iibinayo badeecooyinka sumadda Trump. Waxa uu ka faa'iideystey xafladaha lagu qabto hoteeladiisa iyo koorsooyinkiisa golf-ka, hantidiisana ma gelin kalsooni indho-la'aan ah, sidii madaxweynayaashii hore ay yeeli jireen. Bishii Agoosto 2025, shaacinta qasabka ah ee Trump ee maalgashiga ayaa muujisay in, tan iyo markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, uu sameeyay 690 iibsasho curaarta degmada iyo saamiyada shirkadaha oo wadartoodu ay dhan tahay ugu yaraan $104 milyan. Waxaa ku jiray saamiyada shirkadaha ay saameeyeen isbeddelada uu ku sameeyay siyaasadaha federaalka. Trump waxa uu meesha ka saaray hab-raacii anshaxa ee maamulkii hore iyo fulinta sharciyada mamnuucaya laaluushka iyada oo aan la samayn hab-raacyo anshaxeed oo rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay dadka loo magacaabayo siyaasadda, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay la soo galeen maamulkiisa "liiska aan caadiga ahayn ee weyn ee isku dhacyada xiisaha leh". Waxa uu meesha ka saaray eedeymihii musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ahaa siyaasiyiintii xiriirka la lahaa isaga wuxuuna joojiyay dhaqangelinta sharciga mamnuucaya in shirkadaha ka shaqeeya Mareykanka ay laaluushaan dowlado shisheeye. Trump wuxuu bilaabay, dallacsiiyay, oo shakhsi ahaan uga faa'iidaystay laba calaamadood oo cryptocurrency ah ("qadaadiicda meme"), $ Trump iyo $ Melania. Waxa kale oo uu si toos ah uga faa'iidaystay qoyskiisa shirkadda cryptocurrency World Liberty Financial , taas oo ku hawlan isku-dhafka aan horay loo arag ee ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay iyo siyaasadda dawladda. Bishii Luulyo 2025, maamulka Trump wuxuu Qatar ka aqbalay $400 milyan diyaarad qaali ah si uu ugu adeego Air Force One ilaa dhamaadka xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad ka dibna loo wareejiyo maktabadiisa madaxtooyada. Dib u habeynta sida Air Force One ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay ku kacayso ilaa $1 bilyan. ===Joojinta guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka=== Trump wuxuu ka hirgaliyay shaqo joojinta guud ahaan dowladda federaalka wuxuuna amray in shaqada teleefoonka shaqaalaha federaalka lagu joojiyo 30 maalmood gudahood. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in dib u eegis lagu sameeyo jagooyin badan oo shaqaale rayid ah oo xirfadeed iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in dib loogu kala saaro boosaska la rabo iyada oo aan lahayn ilaalin shaqo. Waxa uu bilaabay joojinta shaqada guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka, oo ay ku tilmaameen khabiirada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag ama ku xad-gudbay sharciga federaalka, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo shaqaale si aad ah ula socda ajendihiisa. Dabayaaqadii Febraayo, maamulku waxa uu shaqada ka eryay in ka badan 30,000 oo qof. Si loo fududeeyo joojinta dheeraadka ah, waxay qaadatay tarjumaad sharci oo cusub oo si weyn u ballaarinaysa qaybaha iyo wakaaladaha loo arko inay haystaan ​​​​ammaanka qaranka shaqadooda aasaasiga ah, oo ku dhawaaqaya ururada shaqaalaha federaalka ee kala duwan "cadow". Amarka fulinta dabayaaqadii March ee ku salaysan tarjumaaddan ayaa ka saaray daraasiin waaxyo iyo wakaaladaha barnaamijyada xiriirka maamulka shaqada ee federaalka , taasoo ku kaliftay inay dacweeyaan si ay u buriyaan heshiisyadooda gorgortanka wadareed , kaas oo ka saari kara ilaalinta ururka hal milyan oo shaqaale federaal ah. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in la joojiyo kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) mashaariicda dawladda federaalka wuxuuna ku meeleeyay shaqaalaha xafiisyada DEI fasax. Waxa uu buriyay Amarka Fulinta ee Lyndon B. Johnson ee 1965 ee 11246 , kaas oo amrayay in qandaraaslayaasha federaalku ay qaadaan tallaabo cad oo lagu joojinayo takoorka jinsiyadeed. Waxtarka Trump iyo Elon Musk 's Department of Government waxay si weyn u burburiyeen dhowr hay'adood oo federaal ah oo ay ku jiraan USAID iyo Waaxda Waxbarashada , iyagoo keli ah shaqada ka eryay dhowr kun oo shaqaale ah, waxayna hoos u dhigtay hawlaha maamulka ilaa ugu yaraan sharci. Ficilada qaar, sida isku dayga lagu burburinayo Xafiiska Ilaalinta Maaliyadeed ee Macmiilka , waxaa hakiyay maxkamadaha federaalka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisu waxay isku dayeen inay keenaan hay'ado madax-bannaan oo taariikhi ah oo hoos yimaada laanta fulinta oo si toos ah u hoos timaada qaabab yar. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga, 2025- hadda=== Sida madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horeysay, Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u hareer maray Xafiiska Xeer Ilaaliyaha Cafiska . Waxa uu ku rakibay siyaasad daacad ah Ed Martin kaas oo ku tilmaamay sababta cafis loo bixiyo "Ma jiro MAGA ka tagay". Cafiskii Trump iyo deeqaha naxariista waxay door bideen xulafada siyaasadeed iyo kuwa daacadda u ah, oo si aan loo kala sooc lahayn loo cafiyay "kuwa xoogga badan, caanka ah, si fiican ugu xiran iyo maalqabeenada" ee lagu eedeeyay dambiyada cadaanka ah. Trump waxa uu cafis u fidiyay dhammaan 6-dii January rabshadihii lagu xukumay ama lagu soo oogay maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee xafiiska, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa si xun u weeraray booliiska, isaga oo cafiyay in ka badan 1,500 oo uu cafiyay xukunnada 14. ===Siyaasadda gudaha, 2025- hadda=== Trump wuxuu ka dhaxlay dhaqaale adkeysi leh maamulka Biden, kobaca dhaqaalaha, shaqo la'aanta yar, iyo sicir bararka hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu ku amray wakaaladaha in ay joojiyaan dhaqan gelinta xeerarka aan la jeclayn iyaga oo isku dayaya in si weyn loo xakameeyo taasoo khubarada sharcigu ay ku tilmaameen sharci-darro iyo lid ku ah tobanaan sano ee sharciga federaalka. Waxa uu raadiyay in dawladdu ay maamusho ganacsiyo gaar ah oo uu ka tago dhaqanka suuqa xorta ah ee muxaafidka ah , halkii uu doorbidi lahaa hanti-wadaaga dawladda isaga oo si toos ah u qaadanaya saamiga dawladda ee sinnaanta shirkadaha waaweyn ee Maraykanka. Trump wuxuu joojiyay oo joojiyay deeqihii federaalka wuxuuna sameeyay dhimis ballaaran oo cilmi baaris ah, kuwaas oo dhowr ka mid ah ay heleen garsoorayaasha iyo Xafiiska Xisaabtanka ee Dowladda inay yihiin sharci darro iyo dastuuri. Waxa uu kor u qaaday diidmada isbeddelka cimilada iyo macluumaadka khaldan, oo u magacaabay saliidda, gaasta, iyo kiimikooyinka u ololeeya EPA si ay u beddelaan xeerarka cimilada iyo xakamaynta wasakhowga. Trump wuxuu ku tiirsanaa ku dhawaaqida xaaladaha degdegga ah ee qaranka si uu u caddeeyo boqollaal ficil oo uu ka gudbo ansixinta kongareeska ama dib u eegista sharciga. Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo tamarta qaranka ah, taasoo u oggolaanaysa joojinta xeerarka deegaanka, dabcinta sharciyada soo saarista shidaalka iyo xaddididda mashaariicda tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo. Waxa uu bilaabay dib-u-eegis ku saabsan "sharciga iyo sii socoshada ku-dhaqanka" ee raadinta khatarta EPA , taas oo ah saldhigga ugu badan ee xeerarka federaalka ee gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo, oo mar kale ka baxay US Heshiiskii Paris ee isbedelka cimilada. Burburinta hay'adaha dawladda ee fulinaya sharciyada ka dhanka ah musuqmaasuqa siyaasadeed iyo khiyaanada cad, Trump wuxuu hoos u dhigay Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Waaxda Cadaaladda Dadweynaha 30 ilaa shan qareen, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay 17 kormeerayaal madax -bannaan oo ka tirsan hay'adaha dawladda iyo 12 xubnood oo ka tirsan hay'adaha kormeerka madax-bannaan ee 7 iyo kormeerayaasha Xafiiska FBI-da ee Washington oo baaray eedeymaha musuqmaasuqa iyo musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ah saraakiisha dowladda iyo xubnaha Congress-ka. Wuxuu cafiyay ama laalay eedeymaha ka dhanka ah saraakiisha lagu eedeeyay musuqmaasuq. Trump wuxuu u aaneeyay dhibaatooyinka bulshada kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) hindisayaasha iyo baraarugga . Isbarbardhigga kala duwanaanshaha iyo karti-darrada, wuxuu beddelay siyaasadihii kala-duwanaanshaha ee dawladda federaalka. Waxa uu damcay in uu dib ugu sameeyo bulshada rayidka ah dookhiisa amarka fulinta. On DEI iyo nacaybka nacaybka, wuxuu u hanjabay hay'adaha dhaqanka iyo lixdan jaamacadood, wuxuuna ku qasbay shirkadaha sharciga inay u hoggaansamaan ajandihiisa siyaasadeed. Trump ayaa balaariyay adeegsiga gudaha ee ciidamada wuxuuna amray in la geeyo magaalooyin dhowr ah oo xisbiga Dimuquraadiga uu hogaamiyo , wuxuuna ku hanjabay inuu sii balaarin doono howlgalladiisa. ===Siyaasadaha ka-hortagga LGBTQ+=== Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadii labaad, Trump wuxuu bilaabay olole dagaal oo ka dhan ah LGBTQ + iyo gaar ahaan siyaasadaha ka-hortagga jinsiga ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba, oo maamulkiisu u soo bandhigay sidii wax looga qaban lahaa " fikirka jinsiga ". Siyaasadahan waxay doonayeen inay baabi'iyaan aqoonsiga federaalka ee dadka transgender-ka ah, ka xayuubinta dadka transgender ilaalinta sharciga iyo in laga tirtiro aqoonsiga trans ee nolosha guud. Iyadoo loo marayo amarro fulineed oo isdaba-joog ah iyo ficilo kale, maamulkiisu wuxuu si adag u qeexay jinsiga si adag bayoolooji dhalashada, laga mamnuucay dadka ka soo jeeda milatariga, xaddidan ama la daboolay daryeelka caafimaadka jinsiga, oo ka soo horjeeda luqadda loo dhan yahay , cilmi-baaris iyo agab waxbarasho oo faafreeb ah, iyo bartilmaameedyada dugsiyada, jaamacadaha, iyo xarumaha fikradda. Tallaabooyin dheeri ah ayaa ka mamnuucay ciyaartooyda transgender-ka ciyaaraha, helitaanka baasaboor xaddidan, waxayna sii hurisay dadaallada caalamiga ah ee lagu wiiqayo xuquuqda trans. Waxaa weheliya hadallo muujinaya dadka ka beddelka jinsiga inay yihiin khatar bulsho, siyaasadahani waxay kiciyeen caqabado sharciyeed oo baahsan, cambaarayn ka timid kooxaha xuquuqul insaanka, iyo kor u kaca socdaalka iyo sheegashooyinka magangelyo ee ay qabaan dadka isku jinsiga ah ee Maraykanka ah ===Hal Xeer Bill Qurux Badan=== Bishii Luulyo 2025, Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Sharcigu waxa uu ka dhigay dhimista cashuurta cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada 2017 mid joogto ah waxana uu ku daray cashuur dhimis dheeraad ah oo dhan ku dhawaad ​​$4.5 trillion, inta badan ka faa’iidaysanaysa dakhliga ugu sarreeya oo dadka ku kaca dakhliga ugu hooseeya $1,600 sanadkii; kordhinta dhaqaalaha difaaca qaranka, masaafurinta, darbiga xuduudka, iyo gaashaanka gantaalaha; lagana saaray cashuurtii laga qaadi lahaa mashaariicda tamarta nadiifka ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo ilaha tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo sida dabaysha iyo tamarta cadceedda iyo kuwa iibsada baabuurta korontada. Sharcigu wuxuu jaray maalgelinta Medicaid iyo SNAP wuxuuna ku daray shuruudo shaqo oo dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay u-qalmitaanka iyo $35 lacag-bixineed ee adeegyada Medicaid qaarkood; dhimista iyo shuruudaha dheeraadka ah ayaa dhaqan galaya ka dib doorashada guud ee 2026. Sharciga waxaa saadaaliyay Xafiiska Miisaaniyadda Kongareeska inuu ku kordhiyo dhimista miisaaniyada $3.4 trillion marka la gaaro 2034, sababa 11.8 milyan oo qof inay lumiyaan caymiska Medicaid, iyo meesha laga saaro dheefaha SNAP ee seddex milyan oo qof. ===Socdaalka, 2025- hadda=== Maalmihiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump waxa uu ku amray ilaalada xuduudaha in ay si kooban u tarxiilaan soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee ka soo gudbaya xadka, isaga oo curyaamiyay barnaamijka CBP One ee loo isticmaalay in lagu jadwaleeyo xuduudaha. Waxa uu dib u bilaabay hadhaagii siyaasadda Mexico , waxa uu kooxaha daroogada u magacaabay kooxo argagixiso ah, waxana uu amray in dib loo bilaabo dhismaha darbiga xuduudka. Hawlgallada masaafurinta ayaa marka hore diiradda saaray "liiska bartilmaameedka" ee dambiilayaasha la sameeyay ka hor xilliga labaad ee Trump. Kadibna maamulkiisu wuxuu meesha ka saaray magangelyo codsadayaasha ku guul daraystay inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha, waxay laashay xaaladda sii-daynta sharafeed ee muhaajiriinta ku soo galay US iyadoo la raacayo CBP One iyo CHNV sii-daynta sharafeed bini'aadantinimo, waxay isku dayeen inay ka saaraan dhalashada dhalashada , waxayna hakiyeen Barnaamijka Ogolaanshaha Qaxootiga . Bishii Maarso, wuxuu u adeegsaday Xeerka Cadawga Shisheeyaha ee 1798 si uu u xidho muhaajiriinta sharci darrada ah maxkamad la'aan -mid ka mid ah "khalad maamul" iyo inta badan iyada oo aan lahayn diiwaannada dambiyada -Xarunta Xakamaynta Argagaxisada ee El Salvador. Wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha , muhaajiriinta sharciga ah, dalxiisayaasha, iyo ardayda fiisaha leh kuwaas oo muujiyay dhaleeceynta siyaasaddiisa ama u doodista Falastiiniyiinta. Dhowr muwaadiniin Maraykan ah ayaa la xidhay oo la tarxiilay . ===Siyaasadda Dibadda, 2025- hadda=== Muddadii labaad ee Trump siyaasaddiisa arrimaha dibadda waxaa siyaabo kala duwan loogu sifeeyay Imperialist , balaarin , go'doomiye , iyo autarkist , iyadoo adeegsanaysa fikradda " America First " oo ah asaaskeeda. Maamulkiisu wuxuu door biday awood adag si uu u gaaro yoolalka siyaasadda dibadda, wuxuuna burburiyay ama ka laabtay taageerada ururada gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee u heellan horumarinta awoodda jilicsan ee Maraykanka . Dhaqdhaqaaqyada ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay hoos u dhigayaan saamaynta Maraykanka ee caalamiga ah iyo abuurista bannaan ay buuxiyeen Ruushka iyo Shiinaha . Xidhiidhka Trump ee xulafada waxa uu ahaa macaamil ganacsi oo u dhexeeyay danayn la'aan ilaa cadaawad, oo ay ku jiraan hanjabaad ku darida. Bishii Febraayo 2025, Trump iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka Vance waxay ku dhaleeceeyeen madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy kulan muran badan dhaliyay oo telefishinka laga sii daayay. Warbaahinta ayaa ku tilmaantay iska hor imaad aan hore loo arag oo dhex maray madaxweyne Maraykan ah iyo madax ajnabi ah . Trump iyo maamulkiisa imaan doona ayaa gacan ka geystay dhexdhexaadinta xabbad joojinta dagaalka Gaza oo ay weheliyaan maamulka Biden, oo la dhaqan galiyay maalin ka hor caleema saarkiisa. Bishii Maarso, Israa'iil waxay jebisay xabbad-joojintii . Siyaasadaha dhaqaalaha ee Trump ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo ilaalinaya , iyadoo Trump uu ku soo rogay canshuuraha dalalka intooda badan, oo ay ku jiraan canshuuraha waaweyn ee la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga ee Shiinaha, Canada, iyo Mexico. Wuxuu bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo caalami ah , isagoo ku soo rogay canshuuro heerkii ugu sarreeyay tan iyo 1930kii Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act ee bilawga diiqada weyn . Dhaqaale-yahannadu waxay ku doodeen in maamulku uu si khaldan u fahmay xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhimista ganacsiga iyo canshuuraha, iyaga oo isticmaalaya fikrado khaldan. Narendra Modi ayaa ka falceliyay 50 boqolkiiba tacriifta Trump ee soo dejinta Hindiya isaga oo sii xoojinaya xiriirka Shiinaha. Wuxuu hakiyay tabarucaadkii dhaqaale ee Maraykanku siin jiray Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka . ===Garsoorka, 2025 – hadda=== Garsoorayaasha federaalku waxay u arkeen qaar badan oo ka mid ah falalka maamulka inay yihiin sharci-darro. Ka dib dib-u-dhac xagga sharciga ah, Trump wuxuu kordhiyey dhaleeceynta garsoorka wuxuuna ku baaqay in la soo oogo garsoorayaasha federaalka ee isaga ka soo horjeeday. Wuxu u hanjabay, saxeexay tallaabooyinka fulinta, waxaanu amray in baadhitaan lagu sameeyo dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda, dhaleecaynta, iyo ururrada la safan Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga. Bartamihii Luulyo, falanqaynta Washington Post waxay ogaatay inuu ka soo horjeestay garsoorayaasha iyo maxkamadaha qiyaastii saddex meelood meel dhammaan kiisaska isaga ka dhanka ah, falalka ay ku tilmaameen khubarada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag maamul kasta oo madaxweyne ah. ( 654 ) Diidmada amarada maxkamada iyo sheegashadiisa xaq u lahaanshaha maxkamadaha waxay cabsi galisay khubarada sharciga qalalaasaha dastuuriga ah . Falanqaynta badan oo ay sameeyeen aqoonyahanno akadeemiyadeed iyo The New York Times waxay ogaadeen in labada garsoore ee Jamhuuriga iyo Dimuqraadigu ay heleen cillado badan oo dastuuri ah iyo qaanuuneed oo leh siyaasadaha maamulka Trump. Maamulkiisu wuxuu caddeeyey xuquuq dastuuri ah oo ah inuu iska indhatiro sharciga federaalka isagoo sabab uga dhigaya dhowr tallaabo sida diidmadiisa inuu dhaqan geliyo mamnuucista federaalka ee TikTok , iyada oo khubarada sharciga ay ku tilmaameen inay tahay "awood dastuuri ah oo lagu tallaalayo dhinacyada gaarka ah inay ku kacaan falal kale oo sharci darro ah iyada oo aan la ciqaabin". Waxa kale oo uu ku hawlanaa beegsiga aan hore loo arag ee shirkadaha sharciga iyo qareennada oo hore u matalay jagooyin lid ku ah naftiisa. ==Dhaqan siyaasadeed iyo hadal-hayn== Laga soo bilaabo ololihiisii ​​2016, siyaasadda Trump iyo hadal-hayntiisa ayaa horseeday abuuritaanka dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo loo yaqaan Trumpism. Mawqifkiisa siyaasadeed waa populist ,oo si gaar ah loogu tilmaamay populist garabka midig . Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inuu aqbalay xag-jirnimada midigta-fog , wuxuuna ka caawiyay inuu keeno fikradaha iyo ururrada midigta fog ee guud ahaan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisa iyo hadalladiisa ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Trump waxa uu ku riixay balaadhinta awoodda madaxweynanimada iyada oo la raacayo tafsiir maxalli ah oo ku saabsan aragtida fulinta midaysan . Saldhiggiisa siyaasadeed waxa la barbar dhigay cibaadaysi shakhsiyeed . Hadalka Trump iyo ficilkiisa ayaa lagu eedeeyay in uu abuuray oo uu uga sii daray cadhada iyo kalsooni darada iyada oo la adeegsanayo sheeko "annaga" iyo "iyaga" . Wuxuu si cad oo joogto ah u dhaleeceeyaa jinsiyadda, diinta, iyo qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay, iyo culimadu waxay si joogto ah u ogaadaan in nacaybka jinsiyadeed ee ku saabsan madowga, soogalootiga, iyo Muslimiinta ay yihiin saadaalinta ugu fiican ee taageerada Trump. Hadaladiisa waxa lagu tilmaamay in uu isticmaalay cabsi-cabsi iyo maangaabnimo taas oo sii xoogaysatay ololihiisii ​​madaxtinimada ee 2024 . Wuxuu sheegay inuu rumaysan yahay in awoodda dhabta ahi ay ka timaad cabsi. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Alt-right ayaa isku duubay oo taageeray musharaxnimadiisa, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay qayb ka mid ah diidmada dhaqamada kala duwan iyo socdaalka . Waxa uu leeyahay rafcaan xooggan oo loogu talagalay codbixiyayaasha Masiixiyiinta ah ee wacdiya iyo waddaniyiinta Masiixiyiinta ah , iyo dibad-baxyadiisa waxay qaataan calaamadaha, odhaahda, iyo ajandaha waddaniyadda Masiixiyiinta. Trump waxa uu sidoo kale u adeegsaday shuuci ka soo horjeeda hadaladiisa, isaga oo si joogta ah ugu yeeraya kuwa ka soo horjeeda " Communists " iyo " Marxists ===Aragtida jinsiyadeed iyo jinsiga=== Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinka iyo ficillada Trump ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsurinimo. Ra'yi ururin qaran oo 2018 ah, qiyaastii kala badh ka mid ah jawaab bixiyaasha ayaa sheegay inuu yahay cunsuri; in badan oo ka mid ah waxay aaminsanaayeen in uu ku dhiirraday cunsuriyiinta. Dhowr daraasadood iyo sahanno ayaa lagu ogaaday in dabeecadaha cunsuriyadu ay kiciyeen siyaasadiisa siyaasadeed oo ay aad uga muhiimsan yihiin arrimaha dhaqaalaha ee lagu go'aaminayo daacadnimada codbixiyayaasha Trump. Dabeecadaha cunsuriyiinta iyo Islaam nacaybka ayaa ah tilmaamo xooggan oo muujinaya taageerada Trump. Waxaa lagu eedeeyay cunsurinimo isagoo ku adkeystay koox ka kooban shan dhalinyaro madow iyo Latino ah inay kufsadeen haweeney caddaan ah kiiska 1989 Central Park jogger , xitaa ka dib markii laga saaray 2002. Sannadkii 2011-kii, Trump waxa uu noqday hoggaamiyihii hormoodka u ahaa fikradda shirqoolka cunsuriga ah ee "dhalasho" ee ah in Barack Obama, madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee madow ee Mareykanka, uusan ku dhalan Mareykanka. Waxa uu ku andacooday in uu ku cadaadiyay dawladda in ay daabacdo warqadda dhalashada Obama, taas oo uu u arkay in ay tahay khiyaano. Waxa uu qiray in Obama uu ku dhashay Maraykanka bishii Sebtembar 2016, inkasta oo la sheegay in uu si gaar ah u muujiyay aragtida dhalashada ee 2017. Intii lagu jiray ololihii doorashada 2024, wuxuu sameeyay weeraro been abuur ah oo ka dhan ah aqoonsiga jinsiyadeed ee ka soo horjeeda, Kamala Harris, kaas oo lagu tilmaamay inay xasuusinayaan fikradda shirqoolka dhalashada. Ololihiisii ​​2024 waxa uu si weyn u adeegsaday luqadda bini'aadantinimada ka-hortagga ah iyo fikradaha jinsiyadeed . Sannadkii 2025, wuxuu kor u qaaday sheegashooyinka beenta ah ee xasuuqa cadaanka ah ee Koonfur Afrika wuxuuna abuuray barnaamijka qaxootiga ee Koonfur Afrika . Trump ayaa caado u ah inuu dumarka xaqiro marka uu la hadlayo warbaahinta iyo baraha bulshada. Wuxuu sameeyay faallooyin xunxun, wuxuu naqdiyay muuqaalka dumarka, wuxuuna u tixraacay iyaga oo isticmaalaya ereyo sharaf leh. Laga bilaabo 2020, 26 dumar ah ayaa si fagaare ah ugu eedeeyay anshax-xumo galmo , oo ay ku jiraan kufsi, dhunkasho ogolaansho la'aan, xoqid, fiirinta goonnada haweenka hoostooda, iyo ku lugaynta tartamayaasha qaan-gaarka ee qaawan. Eedeymahaas wuu diiday. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, 2005 " murafoon kulul " ayaa soo baxay isaga oo ku faanaya dhunkashada iyo dhunkashada haweenka iyaga oo aan raalli ka ahayn, isaga oo leh, "Markaad xiddig tahay, waxay kuu oggolaadaan inaad sameyso. Wax kasta waad sameyn kartaa ... Ku qabo feerka . " Waxa uu faallooyinka ku tilmaamay "hadal-qol-badel". Dhacdadan oo si baahsan u soo bandhigtay warbaahinta ayaa keentay raaligelintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee dadweynaha, oo la duubay intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxweynaha 2016. ===Isku xirka rabshadaha iyo dembiyada nacaybka=== Trump ayaa loo aqoonsaday in uu fure u yahay kordhinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee Mareykanka, isaga oo ka dhan ah iyo mid ka dhan ah. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu ku qanacsan yahay xagjirnimada, aragtiyaha shirqoolka sida Q-Anon , iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada xagjirka ah ee midigta fog ilaa xad ka weyn madaxweyne kasta oo Maraykan ah oo casri ah, iyo ku lug lahaanshaha argagixisannimada stochastic . Cilmi-baaristu waxay soo jeedinaysaa in hadalka Trump uu la xiriiro kororka dhacdooyinka dembiyada nacaybka, iyo in uu leeyahay saameyn xoog leh oo ku saabsan muujinta dabeecadaha nacaybka ah sababtoo ah sida caadiga ah ee ereyada jinsiyadeed ee cad. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2016, wuxuu ku booriyay ama ammaanay weerarrada jireed ee ka dhanka ah dibad-baxayaasha ama wariyeyaasha. Eedeysaneyaal badan oo lagu baaray ama lagu soo oogay falal rabshado wata iyo dambiyada nacaybka ayaa soo xigtay hadalladiisa isagoo ku doodaya inaysan ahayn dambiile ama ay tahay inay helaan dabacsanaan. Dib u eegis dalka oo dhan ay samaysay ABC News bishii Maajo 2020 ayaa lagu aqoonsaday ugu yaraan 54 kiis oo danbi ah, laga bilaabo Agoosto 2015 ilaa Abriil 2020, kaas oo loogu yeedhay xidhiidh toos ah oo rabshado ama hanjabaado rabshado ah oo inta badan ay geystaan ​​ragga cadaanka ah iyo ugu horrayn ka dhanka ah dadka laga tirada badan yahay. Diidmada Trump ee ah in uu cambaareeyo kooxda cadaanka ah ee Proud Boys intii lagu jiray dooddii madaxweynenimada ee 2020 iyo faallooyinkiisii, "Wiilasha sharafta leh, istaaga oo garab istaaga", ayaa la sheegay in ay keentay in la kordhiyo shaqaaleysiinta kooxda Trump. Cilmi-baarayaasha la-dagaalanka argagixisanimada ayaa ku tilmaamay taariikhdiisa caadiga ah iyo dib-u-eegistiisa ee Janaayo 6 weerarkii Capitol, iyo bixinta naxariista dhammaan Janaayo 6 rabshad-wadayaasha , sida dhiirigelinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee mustaqbalka. ===Aragtiyo shirqool=== Tan iyo ka hor madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu kor u qaaday fikrado badan oo shirqool ah, oo ay ku jiraan Obama "dhalashada", diidmada isbedelka cimilada , iyo faragelinta Ukraine ee lagu eedeeyay doorashadii Mareykanka . Kadib doorashadii madaxweynaha ee 2020, wuxuu kor u qaaday fikradaha shirqoolka ee guuldaradiisa kuwaas oo lagu sifeeyay " beenta weyn ===Hadalo been ah ama marin habaabin ah=== [[File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png|thumb|Xaqiiq-baarayaasha ka socda Washington Ku dhaji , Toronto Star , iyo CNN waxay soo ururiyeen xog ku saabsan "dacwooyin been ah ama marin-habaabin ah" (asalka orange) iyo "sheegashada beenta ah" (violet foreground).]] Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u sheegaa hadalo been abuur ah oo uu ku jiro hadalo fagaare ah, ilaa xad aan horay loo arag siyaasada Mareykanka . Beentiisu waa qayb gaar ah oo ka mid ah aqoonsigiisa siyaasadeed waxaana lagu tilmaamay inay tahay dab-damis . Hadaladiisa beenta ah iyo marin habaabinta ah waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin-hubi , oo ay ku jiraan The Washington Post , kaas oo 30,573 been abuur ah ama been abuur ah oo uu sameeyay intii lagu jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horreeyay, oo sii kordhaya waqti ka dib. Qaar ka mid ah been-abuurka Trump waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan faa'iido lahayn, halka kuwa kalena ay lahaayeen saameyn aad u fog, sida dhiirrigelintiisa aan la hubin ee dawooyinka ka hortagga duumada sida daaweynta KOVID-19, taasoo keentay yaraanta Maraykanka ee daawooyinkan iyo iibsashada argagaxa ee Afrika iyo Koonfurta Aasiya. Macluumaad kale oo khaldan, sida si khaldan loogu sheegay kororka dambiyada England iyo Wales "fidinta argagixisada xagjirka ah", waxay u adeegtay ujeedooyinkiisa siyaasadeed ee gudaha. Weeraradiisa waraaqaha waraaqaha boostada iyo dhaqamada kale ee doorashada ayaa wiiqay kalsoonida dadweynaha ee hufnaanta doorashada madaxweynaha 2020, halka xog-warrankiisa ku saabsan masiibada uu dib u dhigay oo uu wiiqay jawaabta qaranka ee ku wajahan. Caadiyan kama cudur daarato beentiisa. Ilaa 2018, warbaahintu marar dhif ah ayay beentiisa ugu yeertay been, oo ay ku jirto markii uu ku celceliyay hadallo been abuur ah. ===Baraha bulshada=== Joogitaanka baraha bulshada ee Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha caalamka kadib markii uu ku biiray Twitter-ka sanadkii 2009. Waxa uu si isdaba joog ah u soo dhigayay ololihiisii ​​2016-kii iyo intii uu madaxweyne ahaa ilaa Twitter-ka uu mamnuucay ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo. Wuxuu inta badan isticmaali jiray Twitter si uu si toos ah ula xiriiro dadweynaha oo uu u leexiyo saxaafadda; ee 2017, xoghayntiisa saxaafadda ayaa sheegay in tweets- kiisa uu ka kooban yahay bayaannada rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2024 iyo madaxweynanimada labaad wuxuu si joogta ah u dhajiyay waxyaabo AI-soo saaray naftiisa sida astaanta dhaqanka pop-ka ama muhaajiriinta ku jeesjeesa. Ka dib sanado badan oo dhaleecayn ah oo loogu ogolaaday Trump in uu ku dhejiyo macluumaad khaldan iyo been abuur, Twitter ayaa bilaabay in uu ku dhejiyo qaar ka mid ah tweetskiisa hubinta xaqiiqda May 2020. Isagoo ka jawaabaya, wuxuu sheegay in shabakadaha warbaahinta bulshada "gebi ahaanba aamusin" muxaafidka oo uu "si adag u xakameyn doono, ama xidhi doono". Kadib weerarkii Janaayo 6, waxaa laga mamnuucay Facebook , Instagram , Twitter, iyo aalado kale. Luminta joogitaankiisa warbaahinta bulshada ayaa hoos u dhigtay awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu qaabeeyo dhacdooyinka oo la xidhiidha hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid mugga macluumaadka khaldan ee Twitter. Bishii Feebaraayo 2022, waxa uu bilaabay bar-kulanka bulshada ee Truth Social halkaas oo uu ku soo jiitay qayb ka mid ah Twitterkiisa. Elon Musk , ka dib markii uu helay Twitter , wuxuu dib u soo celiyay akoonkiisa Twitter bishii Noofambar 2022. Mamnuucidda labada sano ee Meta Platforms ayaa dhacay Janaayo 2023, taas oo u ogolaatay inuu ku laabto Facebook iyo Instagram. ===Xiriirka saxaafadda=== [[File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg|thumb|Isagoo saxaafadda la hadlaya, Maarso 2017]] Trump waxa uu raadiyay dareenka warbaahinta intii uu ku jiray xirfadiisa, isaga oo ilaalinaya xidhiidhka "jacaylka iyo nacaybka" ee uu la leeyahay saxaafadda. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ka faa'iideystey qaddarka rikoorka ah ee warbaahinta xorta ah, oo lagu qiyaasay $ 2 bilyan. Musharrax ahaan iyo madaxweyne ahaan, wuxuu si joogta ah ugu eedeeyay saxaafadda eexda, isaga oo ku tilmaamay "warbaahinta wararka been abuurka ah" iyo " cadowga dadka ". Madaxtinimadii ugu horreysay ee Trump ayaa hoos u dhigtay war-bixinnada rasmiga ah ee saxaafadda ee boqolkii 2017 ilaa kala badh taas 2018 iyo laba 2019; waxa ay sidoo kale kala noqdeen sharcigii saxaafadeed ee laba wariye oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo ay maxkamaduhu dib u soo celiyeen. Trump's 2020 ol'olihii madaxtinimo wuxuu dacweeyay New York Times , Washington Post , iyo CNN ka dib markii uu aflagaadeeyay qaybo ra'yi ah oo ku saabsan mawqifkiisa faragelinta doorashada Ruushka. Dhammaan dacwadihii waa la diiday. Sannadkii 2024, Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u muujiyay taageerada uu ku mamnuucayo diidmada siyaasadeed iyo dhaleeceynta, wuxuuna sheegay in weriyeyaasha waa in lagu dacweeyaa si aanay u sheegin ilo qarsoodi ah iyo shirkadaha warbaahintu waa inay suurtogal tahay inay lumiyaan shatiyadooda baahinta wararka aan fiicnayn ee isaga. Markii dib loo doortay, Trump wuxuu bilaabay dacwooyin wuxuuna abuuray liis madow oo ka dhan ah warbaahinta qaar, wuxuuna la wareegay nidaamka ay wadaan ururka saxafiyiinta Aqalka Cad si uu u doorto xarumaha ay galaangal u leeyihiin. Halkii loo hoggaansami lahaa amarka maxkamadda ee lagu soo celin lahaa gelitaanka Associated Press , Aqalka Cad wuxuu sameeyay siyaasad xaddidan oo la heli karo dhammaan adeegyada siligga. Guddiga Isgaarsiinta Federaalka ayaa bilaabay baaritaanno lagu sameeyo xarumaha warbaahinta ee lagu eedeeyay eex isaga ka dhan ah. Natiijadii hanjabaadda Trump, madaxda warbaahinta waxay ku amreen saxafiyiinta iyo shaqaalahooda inay is-faafreebaan oo ay yareeyaan dhaleeceynta Trump, iyo CBS waxay isku raaceen inay abuuraan Ombudsman si ay ula socdaan kanaalada wararka si ay xididdada ugu siibaan "eex" CBS News. Bishii Luulyo 2025, wuxuu dacweeyay wargeyska Wall Street Journal daabacaadda sheeko la xiriirta saaxiibtinimadiisii ​​hore ee dembiilaha galmada ee Jeffrey Epstein , taasoo calaamad u ah markii ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne fadhiya uu dacweeyo urur warbaahineed eedeymo sumcad dil ah. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== ===Qoyska=== 1977, Trump wuxuu guursaday Ivana Zelníčková . Waxay lahaayeen saddex carruur ah: Donald Jr. (b. 1977), Ivanka (b. 1981), iyo Eric (b. 1984). Lammaanaha ayaa is furay 1990-kii, ka dib markii uu xiriir la yeeshay moodelka iyo atariishada Marla Maples . Isaga iyo Maples waxay guursadeen 1993 waxayna is fureen 1999. Waxay leeyihiin hal gabadh, Tiffany (b. 1993), oo Maples ku kortay California. Sannadkii 2005, wuxuu guursaday moodelka Slovenia Melania Knauss . Waxay leeyihiin hal wiil, Barron (b. 2006). ===Xiriirka Jeffrey Epstein=== Trump waxa uu saaxiibtimo 15 sano ah la lahaa Jeffrey Epstein ; Dadkii markaas yaqaannay waxay sheegeen inay si joogta ah u garaaci jireen oo ay u tartami jireen dumarka. Dareenka warbaahinta iyo cadaadiska dadweynaha ayaa kordhay 2025, markii maamulkiisu uusan sii dayn faylasha la xidhiidha Epstein , inkastoo Trump uu ballanqaaday inuu sidaas samaynayo intii lagu jiray ololaha 2024. ===Caafimaadka=== Trump waxa uu sheegay in aanu waligii cabbin khamri, sigaar cabin, ama aanu isticmaalin daroogo. Wuxuu seexdaa qiyaastii afar ama shan saacadood habeenkii. Waxa uu golfing ugu yeedhay "qaabka jimicsiga aasaasiga ah", laakiin inta badan ma socdo koorsada. Wuxuu u arkaa jimicsigu inuu yahay tamar tamar sababtoo ah wuxuu aaminsan yahay in jirku yahay "sida batteriga oo kale, oo leh qadar xaddidan oo tamar ah", kaas oo lagu dhammeeyo jimicsiga. Sannadkii 2015, ololahiisu wuxuu sii daayay warqad ka timid dhakhtarkiisii ​​gaarka ahaa ee Harold Bornstein , isagoo sheegay inuu " noqon doono shakhsiga ugu caafimaadka badan ee abid loo doorto madaxweynaha". Sannadkii 2018, Bornstein wuxuu sheegay in Trump uu amar ku bixiyay nuxurka warqadda iyo in saddex ka mid ah wakiillada Trump ay qabsadeen diiwaankiisa caafimaad bishii Febraayo 2017 ee xafiiska Bornstein. ===Diinta=== Trump wuxuu sheegay 2016 inuu ahaa Presbyterian iyo Protestant . Sannadkii 2020, wuxuu sheegay inuu yahay Masiixi aan diin-nabi ahayn . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar badan ayaa su'aal ka keenay qoto dheeraanta xiriirka diimeed. Baadhitaan la sameeyay intii lagu guda jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee Trump (2017-2021) ayaa muujisay in boqolkiiba 63 dadka Maraykanku aanay rumaysnayn in uu diin yahay, inkasta oo uu aaminsan yahay in uu Masiixi yahay, boqolkiiba 44 oo keliya dadka Maraykanka ah ayaa aaminsan in Trump uu yahay Masiixi. Qaar ka mid ah faallooyinka Trump ee Kitaabka Qudduuska ah ama dhaqanka Masiixiga ayaa horseeday in dadka indha indheeya ay soo jeediyaan in aqoonta uu u leeyahay Masiixiyadda ay tahay mid maqaar-saar ah ama khalad ah, qaar yar oo taariikh-nololeed ah ayaa ku tilmaamay Trump mid qoto dheer ama xitaa diineed. Waqtigiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu u magacaabay wadaadkiisa gaarka ah iyo lataliyaha ruuxiga ah, milyaneer teleefaanjiste Paula White-Cain , Xafiiska Xiriirka Dadweynaha ee Aqalka Cad . Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad, wuxuu u magacaabay lataliyeheeda sare Xafiiska cusub ee rumaysadka ee Aqalka Cad . ==Qiimaynta== ===Sawirka dadweynaha=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee Trump, laga bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2020, qiimeynta oggolaanshaha caalamiga ah ee hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos uga dhacday 22 boqolkiiba ra'yi ururin Gallup ee 134 waddan ilaa 16 boqolkiiba - oo ka hooseeya Shiinaha Xi Jinping iyo Vladimir Putin ee Ruushka - ee Pew Research ra'yi ee 13 waddan. Sannadka 2017, qiyaasta hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos u dhacday inta badan xulafada. Gudaha, xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu lahaa taageerada ugu weyn ee xisbiyada: 88 boqolkiiba Jamhuuriga iyo 7 boqolkiiba Dimuqraadiyiinta. Codbixintii Gallup ee 2021, wuxuu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan waligii gaadhin 50 boqolkiiba oggolaanshaha, wuxuuna ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aan la magacaabin ee loogu riyaaqay sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska. Muddadii labaad ee rubuciisii ​​​​hore sida uu qabo Gallup, oggolaanshaha Trump wuxuu ahaa 45 boqolkiiba - xoogaa ka wanaagsan xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, oo aad uga hooseeya celceliska boqolkiiba 60 ee madaxweynayaasha kale. Taageeradu waxa ay ahaan jirtay mid aan kala fogayn; Waxa uu helay oggolaanshaha boqolkiiba 90 ee Jamhuuriga, 37 boqolkiiba madax-bannaanida, iyo boqolkiiba 4 ee Dimuqraadiyiinta. Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad wuxuu sidoo kale arkay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid ra'yiga dadweynaha caalamiga ah ee Maraykanka ===Qiimaynta cilmiga=== Ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee Trump, taariikhyahanadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen Trump inuu yahay madaxweynihii afraad ee ugu xumaa sahanka C-SPAN ee 2021 ee taariikhyahannada madaxtooyada. Waxa uu ku qiimeeyay kuwa ugu hooseeya qaybaha sifooyinka hogaaminta ee awooda akhlaaqda iyo xirfadaha maamulka. Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Siena College 's 2022 sahanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay kan saddexaad. Waxa uu ku jiray kaalmaha ugu hooseeya dhammaan qaybaha marka laga reebo nasiibka, rabitaanka khatarta, iyo hoggaanka xisbiga, waxaanu ka galay kaalinta ugu dambeeya dhowr qaybood. 2018 iyo 2024, xubno ka tirsan Ururka Sayniska Siyaasadda Mareykanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay madaxweynaha ugu xun. ==Xusuusin== a:Bilowgii markii Trump uu saddex sano jirsaday, aabbihii waxa uu siin jiray mid kasta oo carruurtiisa ka mid ah $6,000 sannadkii, lacagta ugu badan ee la oggol yahay iyada oo aan la gelin cashuur hadiyadeed. Si looga fogaado cashuuraha, Fred waxa uu ka dhigay mulkiilayaal laba ka mid ah dhismooyinkiisa guri, isaga oo bixinaya midkiiba $13,928 kirada sannad kasta b:Later , 2015, wuxuu ugu hanjabay dugsigiisa sare, kulliyadaha, iyo Guddiga Kulliyadda tallaabo sharci ah haddii ay sii daayaan diiwaankiisa waxbarasho. C:UPenn's 1968 barnaamijka bilawga ah wuxuu ku taxayaa Trump inuu helay shahaadada koowaad ee Sayniska ee Dhaqaalaha oo aan ahayn qaataha Sharafta Tacliinta d:Kadib Trump waxa uu ku dayan doonaa Peale's Awooda Fikirka Toosan ee Farshaxanka Heshiiska e:Doorashada madaxweynahaee Maraykanka waxaa go'aamiya kulliyadda doorashada Gobol kastaa wuxuu magacaabayaa tiro codbixiyeyaal ah oo la mid ah matalaadda Congress-ka iyo (gobollada intooda badan) dhammaan cod-bixiyayaashu waxay u codeeyaan cidda ku guulaysata codbixinta caanka ah ee gobolkooda. f:Madaxweyne Jamhuuri ah oo ay weheliyaan Jamhuuriga gacanta ku haysa labada gole ee Congress-ka g:CBS kama helin wax diiwaan ah oo dambi ah 75% dadka Venezuela ee la xiray. h: 2025, Pew Research waxay ogaatay dad ku nool dalal badan (12 ka mid ah 20 iyo 4 xiriir) waxay u arkeen Shiinaha inuu yahay dhaqaalaha ugu horreeya adduunka. ==Tixraac== [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html "Michael Cohen ayaa sheegay in Trump uu u sheegay in uu ugu hanjabay iskuulada in aysan sii deynin darajooyinka"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/politics/donald-trump-roy-cohn.html "Muxuu Donald Trump Ka Bartay Ninka Gacanta Midig Ee Joseph McCarthy] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo Kharashka Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka: Addenda et Corrigenda] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo sida Burburiyaha Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka] [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/donald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship "Sidee Donald Trump iyo Roy Cohn's arxan la'aanta Symbiosis u beddeshay Ameerika"] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/jun/21/hillary-clinton/yep-donald-trumps-companies-have-declared-bankrupt/ "Haa, shirkadaha Donald Trump waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay kiciyeen...in ka badan afar jeer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html "Trump waxa uu ku hawlanaa qorshayaal cashuureed oo laga shakisan yahay isaga oo ka guranaya maalkii Aabihiis"] [https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel "Taariikhda dabaylaha ah ee mashruucii ugu horeeyey ee hantida maguurtada ah ee Manhattan ee Donald Trump"] {{Wayback|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel |date=20211009191253 }} [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father "Sheekada beenta ah ee Trump wuxuu ku dhisay boqortooyadiisa 'amaah yar' oo uu ka helay aabihiis"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html "Trump, New Yorker inta nool, wuxuu naftiisa ku dhawaaqay inuu yahay degane Florida"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html "Trump's Plaza Hotel Planruptcy Plan waa la ansixiyay"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html "Trump waxa uu ka iibinayaa Hotel Plaza maalgashadayaasha Sucuudiga iyo Aasiya"] [https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-irs-audit-chicago-hotel-taxes "Hanti-dhawrka IRS ee Trump wuxuu ku kacayaa kharash ka badan 100 milyan oo doolar" Madaxweynihii hore] [https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ "Xaqiiqda ku saabsan kor u kaca iyo dhicitaanka Donald Trump ee Boqortooyada Atlantic City"] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ "Markii Afraad ee Soojiidashada: Sida Donald Trump Uga Sameeyey Fasaxa Isaga] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html "Wax kasta oo ku dhacay qoorta Trump? Way dhammaatay. Sidoo kale waa inta badan boqortooyadii ganacsiga ee Trump"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Toban sano oo Casaanka ah: Tirooyinka Canshuurta ee Trump ayaa muujinaya in ka badan $ 1 bilyan oo khasaare ganacsi ah"] [https://cnn.com/2016/08/22/politics/donald-trump-activist-investor/ "Xilligii Gordon Gekko: Donald Trump ee faa'iidada iyo wakhtiga muranka badan ee maal-galiye firfircoon"] [https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think "Waa maxay sababta uu Donald Trump u leeyahay xiddiga caanka ah ee caanka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee? Ma aha sababta aad u maleyneyso "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-donald-trump-retooled-his-charity-to-spend-other-peoples-money/2016/09/10/da8cce64-75df-11e6-8149-b8d05321db62_story.html "Sida Donald Trump uu dib ugu habeeyey hay'addiisa samafalka si uu u isticmaalo lacagta dadka kale"] [https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/18/media/vince-mcmahon-donald-trump-payments/index.html "Baaritaanno lagu sameeyay lacag-bixinnada xannibaadda ee Vince McMahon ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay soo saareen deeqaha samafalka ee Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html "Trump Foundation waxay amartay inay joojiso lacag ururinta xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee NY"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest "Donald Trump si uu u kala diro aasaaskiisa samafalka ka dib markii ay sii kordhayaan cabashooyinka"] [https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 "Madaxweyne Donald Trump waxa uu amray in uu bixiyo $2M si loo ururiyo hay'adaha aan macaash doonka ahayn taas oo qayb ka ah dacwadda madaniga ah"] [https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12 "Taariikhda dheer ee Trump ee Deutsche Bank waxay hadda noqon kartaa xarunta baaritaanka Robert Mueller"] [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christophermassie/theres-hours-of-audio-of-donald-trumps-nationally-syndicated "Waxaa jira saacado maqal ah oo ah Bandhigga Raadiyaha Qaranka ee Donald Trump's Syndicated 2000-meeyadii"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ "Sida warbaahinta muxaafidka ahi ula wareegayso xisbiga Jamhuuriga"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/02/04/trump-resigns-screen-actors-guild/ "Iyadoo uu wajahayo cayrinta, Trump wuxuu iska casilayaa xubinnimada jilayaasha shaashadda: 'Waxba iima aadan sameynin'] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ "Bush wuxuu yidhi Trump wuxuu ahaa Dimuqraadi in ka badan Jamhuuriga" tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay'] [https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/donald-trump-was-once-a-registered-democrat-and-party-donor-why-did-he-jump-ship/wj85mj5yq "Donald Trump mar wuxuu ahaa deeq bixiye dimuqraadi ah iyo xisbi, haddaba muxuu markabka u booday?"] [https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/ "Donald Trump wuxuu u tartamay madaxweyne sannadkii 2000 dhowr xisbi oo dib u habayn ah] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race "Donald Trump wuxuu ku guuldarreystay inuu ka baxo tartanka doorashada madaxtinimada Mareykanka ee 2012"] [https://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489476187/trump-s-second-amendment-comment-fit-a-pattern-of-ambiguous-speech "Khudbada muranka badan dhalisay ee Donald Trump inta badan way socotaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/ "Su'aalaha Trump wuxuu u baahan yahay NATO, wuxuu qeexayaa siyaasadda dibadda ee aan dhexdhexaad ahayn"] [https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ "Donald Trump wuxuu jebiyey taariikhda dhow isagoo aan soo celin canshuur celinta"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Donald Trump Waxa Uu Qiray In Aanu Bixin Cashuuraha Dakhliga Dowladda Dhexe Muddo Sanado Ah"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html "Tiro taariikhi ah oo codbixiyeyaal ah ayaa xumaaday, waxaana intooda badan loo malaynayaa inay u codeeyaan Clinton"] [https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ "Guusha Trump tusaale kale oo ku saabsan sida Kuliyada Doorashada ay u guuleysato ayaa ka weyn codadka dadweynaha"] [https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience "Donald Trump wuxuu noqon doonaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee Maraykanka ee aan lahayn khibrad siyaasadeed iyo mid milatari"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html "Dacwad ku saabsan xadgudubyada Emoluments Trump waxay kasbatay soo jiidashada maxkamadda"] [https://cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/emoluments-supreme-court-donald-trump-case/ "Maxkamadda sare waxay meesha ka saartay kiisas ka dhan ah Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-donation-salary-white-house/2021/07/29/07723234-efd9-11eb-bf80-e3877d9c5f06_story.html "Trump ma raacay ballan qaadkiisii ​​ahaa in uu ku deeqayo 6-dii bilood ee ugu dambeysay mushaarkiisa madaxtinimo? Waa wax qarsoon"] [https://www.citizensforethics.org/reports-investigations/crew-reports/trump-likely-benefited-from-13-6-million-in-payments-from-foreign-governments-during-his-presidency "Trump waxay u badan tahay inuu ka faa'iidey $13.6 milyan oo ay bixiyeen dowlado shisheeye intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/08/trump-jobs-record/ "Trump wuxuu lahaan doonaa rikoodhkii ugu xumaa ee shaqooyinka taariikhda casriga ah ee Maraykanka. Kaliya maaha masiibada"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html "Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka 2017-kii inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Moscow ee doorashada Mareykanka"] [https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ "Xidhiidh badan oo badan, badan, badan, xiriir badan ayuu Donald Trump la leeyahay Ruushka"] {{Wayback|url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |date=20170228022233 }} [https://www.9news.com.au/world/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-investigation-started-with-alexander-downer-interview/16121e23-bdfc-4f32-9822-e4a7f841e3e4 "Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah: Baadhitaanka Trump ee Ruushka ayaa ka bilaabmay waraysiga Alexander Downer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/us/politics/trump-russia-justice-department.html "Xafiiska Cadaaladda. Weligaa si buuxda uma baarin xiriirka Trump ee Ruushka, saraakiishii hore ayaa yiri "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/30/trump-briefly-acknowledges-that-russia-aided-his-election-falsely-says-he-didnt-help-effort/ "Trump wuxuu si kooban u qirayaa in Ruushku gacan ka geystay doorashadiisa - wuxuuna si been abuur ah u sheegay inuusan gacan ka geysan dadaalka"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/328637/last-trump-job-approval-average-record-low.aspx "Oggolaanshaha shaqada ee Trump ee u dambeeyay 34%; Celceliska waa Rikoor-hoosee 41%"] [https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ "Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee la doortay ee Maraykanka oo aan loo magacaabin ninka loogu jecel yahay Maraykanka sannadkiisii ​​ugu horeeyay"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/655955/trump-inaugural-approval-rating-historically-low-again.aspx "Qiimaynta Ansixinta Daahfurka ee Trump waa mid taariikhiyan mar kale hooseysa"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/11/opinion-of-us-has-worsened-in-countries-around-world-in-last-year-survey-shows "Fikirka Mareykanka ayaa ka sii daray dalalka adduunka sannadkii hore, sahan ayaa muujinaya"] [https://www.c-span.org/presidentsurvey2021/ "Sahaminta Taariikhyahanada Madaxweynaha 2021"b] [https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/trump-cspan-president-ranking-497184 "Trump wuxuu ku soo baxay kaalinta 41-aad ee qiimeynta madaxtinimo ee C-SPAN"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/06/30/presidential-rankings-2021-cspan-historians/ "Taariikhyahanadu waxay kaliya doorteen madaxweynayaasha. Trump ma ahayn kii ugu dambeeyay"] [https://scri.siena.edu/2022/06/22/american-presidents-greatest-and-worst/ "Madaxweynayaasha Mareykanka: kan ugu weyn uguna xun"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/19/opinion/how-does-trump-stack-up-against-the-best-and-worst-presidents.html "Fikirka: Sidee buu Trump uga soo horjeedaa kuwa ugu fiican - iyo kan ugu xun - madaxweynayaasha?"] [https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1232447088/historians-presidents-survey-trump-last-biden-14th "Sahanka maalinta madaxweynayaasha taariikhyahanada, Biden vs. Trump maaha wicitaan dhow"]{{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] gaxra4sumvask0phr3qat5zjfn5bqqb 0 29373 299646 257637 2026-06-26T18:00:57Z Niegodzisie 22383 299646 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Madonna Rebel Heart Tour 2015 - Stockholm (23051472299) (cropped).jpg|thumbnail|Madonna (2015)]] '''Madonna Louise Ciccone''' ([[Michigan|Bay City, Michigan]], 29 agoosto [[1958]]), waa fanaanad oo [[Maraykanka|Maraykan]] ah. * [[Selena]] * [[Los Hermanos Rosario]] [[Category:Muusig]] f8gfbowa4eescztrxqvk6o251y2ozd4 0 31040 299746 227192 2026-06-27T10:21:36Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 299746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = António Guterres | honorific-suffix = | honorific_prefix = [[Mudane]] | image = António Guterres - 2019 (48132270313) (cropped).jpg | caption = Guterres in 2019 | office = 9aad [[Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay]] | deputy = [[Aamina J. Maxamed|Aamina Maxamed]] | term_start = 1 janaayo 2017 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Ban Ki-moon]] | successor = | office1 = [[Hay'adda Qaxootiga ee Qaramada Midoobay]] | 1blankname1 = {{nowrap|Secretary-General}} | 1namedata1 = [[Kofi Annan]]<br />[[Ban Ki-moon]] | term_start1 = 15 juun 2005 | term_end1 = 31 Desembar 2015 | predecessor1 = [[Ruud Lubbers]] | successor1 = [[Filippo Grandi]] | office2 = [[Prime Minister of Portugal]]<!-- Please do not add his order, it is against WP:MOS, unused and clutter, only exception is the President of the United States. --> | president2 = [[Mário Soares]]<br />[[Jorge Sampaio]] | term_start2 = 28 Oktobar 1995 | term_end2 = 6 Abriil 2002 | predecessor2 = [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]] | successor2 = [[José Manuel Barroso]] | office3 = Madaxweynaha [[Socialist International]] | term_start3 = 10 Nofembar 1999 | term_end3 = 15 juun 2005 | predecessor3 = [[Pierre Mauroy]] | successor3 = [[George Papandreou]] | office4 = [[Secretary-General of the Socialist Party (Portugal)|Secretary-General of the Socialist Party]] | president4 = {{nowrap|[[António de Almeida Santos]]}} | term_start4 = 23 Febaraayo 1992 | term_end4 = 21 Janaayo 2002 | predecessor4 = [[Jorge Sampaio]] | successor4 = [[Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues]] | office5 = [[Hogaamiyaha Mucaaradka (Portugal)|Hogaamiyaha Mucaaradka]] | primeminister5 = [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]] | term_start5 = 23 Febaraayo 1992 | term_end5 = 28 Oktoobar 1995 | predecessor5 = [[Jorge Sampaio]] | successor5 = [[Fernando Nogueira]] | office6 = [[Xubin ka ah Golaha Jamhuuriyadda (Bortuqal)|Xubin ka ah Golaha Jamhuuriyadda]] | term_start6 = 3 juun 1976 | term_end6 = 4 April 2002 | constituency6 = [[Castelo Branco District|Castelo Branco]] | birth_name = António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|4|30|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Lisbon]], [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Portugal]] | death_date = | nationality = Bortuqiis | party = [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist]] | spouse = {{marriage|Luísa Guimarães e Melo|1972|1998|reason=d.}}<br />{{marriage|[[Catarina Vaz Pinto]]|2001}} | children = 2 | alma_mater = [[Instituto Superior Técnico]] - [[University of Lisbon]] | website = {{url|antonioguterres.gov.pt|António Guterres}} | signature = Assinatura António Guterres.svg }}'''António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres''' (wuxuu dhashey 30 Abriil [[1949]]) waa siyaasi [[Boortuqiis]] iyo diblomaasi u shaqeynayay Xoghayaha Guud ee Sagaalaad ee [[Qaramada Midoobay]]. Wuxuu xubin ka ahaa Xisbiga Socialist Party, wuxuu soo noqday Raiisel Wasaaraha [[Bortuqaal]] [[1995]] ilaa [[2002]]. Guterres wuxuu soo noqday xoghayihii guud ee xisbiga hantiwadaaga laga soo bilaabo [[1992]] - [[2002]] Kadib 6 sano ayuu xukunka haayay isaga oo aan aqlabiyad buuxda lahayn oo hadana ku sii dartay dhaqaale xumo, xisbiga Guterres ee hantiwadaaggu wuxuu la kulmay guuldarro culus oo ka xun sidii la filayay sababtoo ah khasaarihii ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee [[Lisbon]] iyo [[Borto]], halkaas oo codbixinta lagu muujiyey PS. horseed adag. [[Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues]] ayaa la wareegay hoggaanka xisbiga Socialist Party, laakiin doorashadii guud waxaa looga adkaaday xisbiga Social Democratic Party ee uu hoggaamiyo [[José Manuel Barroso]]. Wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynaha [[Socialist International]] laga soo bilaabo 1999, wuxuuna ku sii nagaaday ka dib markii uu waayey doorkiisii Raiisel Wasaaraha, ilaa 2005. Wuxuu ahaa Wakiilka Sare ee Qaxootiga ee Qaramada Midoobay laga soo bilaabo [[2005]] ilaa [[2015]]. Labada doorasho ee [[2012]] iyo [[2014]]. Dadweynaha Boortaqiiska waxay u doorteen inuu noqdo ra'iisul wasaaraha ugu wanaagsan 30-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay. ==Taariikh nololeed== ==Tixraac== [[Category:Qaramada Midoobay]] [[Category:Dadka bortuqiiska]] 5xwbveabdmvt4delpdcdhbrg8g01udt 299748 299746 2026-06-27T10:22:01Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 299748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = António Guterres | honorific-suffix = | honorific_prefix = [[Mudane]] | image = António Guterres - 2019 (48132270313) (cropped).jpg | caption = Guterres in 2019 | office = 9aad [[Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay]] | deputy = [[Aamina J. Maxamed|Aamina Maxamed]] | term_start = 1 janaayo 2017 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Ban Ki-moon]] | successor = | office1 = [[Hay'adda Qaxootiga ee Qaramada Midoobay]] | 1blankname1 = {{nowrap|Secretary-General}} | 1namedata1 = [[Kofi Annan]]<br />[[Ban Ki-moon]] | term_start1 = 15 juun 2005 | term_end1 = 31 Desembar 2015 | predecessor1 = [[Ruud Lubbers]] | successor1 = [[Filippo Grandi]] | office2 = [[Prime Minister of Portugal]]<!-- Please do not add his order, it is against WP:MOS, unused and clutter, only exception is the President of the United States. --> | president2 = [[Mário Soares]]<br />[[Jorge Sampaio]] | term_start2 = 28 Oktobar 1995 | term_end2 = 6 Abriil 2002 | predecessor2 = [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]] | successor2 = [[José Manuel Barroso]] | office3 = Madaxweynaha [[Socialist International]] | term_start3 = 10 Nofembar 1999 | term_end3 = 15 juun 2005 | predecessor3 = [[Pierre Mauroy]] | successor3 = [[George Papandreou]] | office4 = [[Secretary-General of the Socialist Party (Portugal)|Secretary-General of the Socialist Party]] | president4 = {{nowrap|[[António de Almeida Santos]]}} | term_start4 = 23 Febaraayo 1992 | term_end4 = 21 Janaayo 2002 | predecessor4 = [[Jorge Sampaio]] | successor4 = [[Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues]] | office5 = [[Hogaamiyaha Mucaaradka (Portugal)|Hogaamiyaha Mucaaradka]] | primeminister5 = [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]] | term_start5 = 23 Febaraayo 1992 | term_end5 = 28 Oktoobar 1995 | predecessor5 = [[Jorge Sampaio]] | successor5 = [[Fernando Nogueira]] | office6 = [[Xubin ka ah Golaha Jamhuuriyadda (Bortuqal)|Xubin ka ah Golaha Jamhuuriyadda]] | term_start6 = 3 juun 1976 | term_end6 = 4 April 2002 | constituency6 = [[Castelo Branco District|Castelo Branco]] | birth_name = António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|4|30|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Lisbon]], [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Portugal]] | death_date = | nationality = Bortuqiis | party = [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist]] | spouse = {{marriage|Luísa Guimarães e Melo|1972|1998|reason=d.}}<br />{{marriage|[[Catarina Vaz Pinto]]|2001}} | children = 2 | alma_mater = [[Instituto Superior Técnico]] - [[University of Lisbon]] | website = {{url|antonioguterres.gov.pt|António Guterres}} | signature = Assinatura António Guterres.svg }}'''António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres''' (wuxuu dhashey 30 Abriil [[1949]]) waa siyaasi [[Boortuqiis]] iyo diblomaasi u shaqeynayay Xoghayaha Guud ee Sagaalaad ee [[Qaramada Midoobay]]. Wuxuu xubin ka ahaa Xisbiga Socialist Party, wuxuu soo noqday Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[Bortuqaal]] [[1995]] ilaa [[2002]]. Guterres wuxuu soo noqday xoghayihii guud ee xisbiga hantiwadaaga laga soo bilaabo [[1992]] - [[2002]] Kadib 6 sano ayuu xukunka haayay isaga oo aan aqlabiyad buuxda lahayn oo hadana ku sii dartay dhaqaale xumo, xisbiga Guterres ee hantiwadaaggu wuxuu la kulmay guuldarro culus oo ka xun sidii la filayay sababtoo ah khasaarihii ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee [[Lisbon]] iyo [[Borto]], halkaas oo codbixinta lagu muujiyey PS. horseed adag. [[Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues]] ayaa la wareegay hoggaanka xisbiga Socialist Party, laakiin doorashadii guud waxaa looga adkaaday xisbiga Social Democratic Party ee uu hoggaamiyo [[José Manuel Barroso]]. Wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynaha [[Socialist International]] laga soo bilaabo 1999, wuxuuna ku sii nagaaday ka dib markii uu waayey doorkiisii Raiisel Wasaaraha, ilaa 2005. Wuxuu ahaa Wakiilka Sare ee Qaxootiga ee Qaramada Midoobay laga soo bilaabo [[2005]] ilaa [[2015]]. Labada doorasho ee [[2012]] iyo [[2014]]. Dadweynaha Boortaqiiska waxay u doorteen inuu noqdo ra'iisul wasaaraha ugu wanaagsan 30-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay. ==Taariikh nololeed== ==Tixraac== [[Category:Qaramada Midoobay]] [[Category:Dadka bortuqiiska]] bev2zptll7a1w8dg96x6lhpnr51atvl 299752 299748 2026-06-27T10:25:16Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Taariikh nololeed */ Fixed grammar 299752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = António Guterres | honorific-suffix = | honorific_prefix = [[Mudane]] | image = António Guterres - 2019 (48132270313) (cropped).jpg | caption = Guterres in 2019 | office = 9aad [[Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay]] | deputy = [[Aamina J. Maxamed|Aamina Maxamed]] | term_start = 1 janaayo 2017 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Ban Ki-moon]] | successor = | office1 = [[Hay'adda Qaxootiga ee Qaramada Midoobay]] | 1blankname1 = {{nowrap|Secretary-General}} | 1namedata1 = [[Kofi Annan]]<br />[[Ban Ki-moon]] | term_start1 = 15 juun 2005 | term_end1 = 31 Desembar 2015 | predecessor1 = [[Ruud Lubbers]] | successor1 = [[Filippo Grandi]] | office2 = [[Prime Minister of Portugal]]<!-- Please do not add his order, it is against WP:MOS, unused and clutter, only exception is the President of the United States. --> | president2 = [[Mário Soares]]<br />[[Jorge Sampaio]] | term_start2 = 28 Oktobar 1995 | term_end2 = 6 Abriil 2002 | predecessor2 = [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]] | successor2 = [[José Manuel Barroso]] | office3 = Madaxweynaha [[Socialist International]] | term_start3 = 10 Nofembar 1999 | term_end3 = 15 juun 2005 | predecessor3 = [[Pierre Mauroy]] | successor3 = [[George Papandreou]] | office4 = [[Secretary-General of the Socialist Party (Portugal)|Secretary-General of the Socialist Party]] | president4 = {{nowrap|[[António de Almeida Santos]]}} | term_start4 = 23 Febaraayo 1992 | term_end4 = 21 Janaayo 2002 | predecessor4 = [[Jorge Sampaio]] | successor4 = [[Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues]] | office5 = [[Hogaamiyaha Mucaaradka (Portugal)|Hogaamiyaha Mucaaradka]] | primeminister5 = [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]] | term_start5 = 23 Febaraayo 1992 | term_end5 = 28 Oktoobar 1995 | predecessor5 = [[Jorge Sampaio]] | successor5 = [[Fernando Nogueira]] | office6 = [[Xubin ka ah Golaha Jamhuuriyadda (Bortuqal)|Xubin ka ah Golaha Jamhuuriyadda]] | term_start6 = 3 juun 1976 | term_end6 = 4 April 2002 | constituency6 = [[Castelo Branco District|Castelo Branco]] | birth_name = António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|4|30|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Lisbon]], [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Portugal]] | death_date = | nationality = Bortuqiis | party = [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist]] | spouse = {{marriage|Luísa Guimarães e Melo|1972|1998|reason=d.}}<br />{{marriage|[[Catarina Vaz Pinto]]|2001}} | children = 2 | alma_mater = [[Instituto Superior Técnico]] - [[University of Lisbon]] | website = {{url|antonioguterres.gov.pt|António Guterres}} | signature = Assinatura António Guterres.svg }}'''António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres''' (wuxuu dhashey 30 Abriil [[1949]]) waa siyaasi [[Boortuqiis]] iyo diblomaasi u shaqeynayay Xoghayaha Guud ee Sagaalaad ee [[Qaramada Midoobay]]. Wuxuu xubin ka ahaa Xisbiga Socialist Party, wuxuu soo noqday Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[Bortuqaal]] [[1995]] ilaa [[2002]]. Guterres wuxuu soo noqday xoghayihii guud ee xisbiga hantiwadaaga laga soo bilaabo [[1992]] - [[2002]] Kadib 6 sano ayuu xukunka haayay isaga oo aan aqlabiyad buuxda lahayn oo hadana ku sii dartay dhaqaale xumo, xisbiga Guterres ee hantiwadaaggu wuxuu la kulmay guuldarro culus oo ka xun sidii la filayay sababtoo ah khasaarihii ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee [[Lisbon]] iyo [[Borto]], halkaas oo codbixinta lagu muujiyey PS. horseed adag. [[Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues]] ayaa la wareegay hoggaanka xisbiga Socialist Party, laakiin doorashadii guud waxaa looga adkaaday xisbiga Social Democratic Party ee uu hoggaamiyo [[José Manuel Barroso]]. Wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynaha [[Socialist International]] laga soo bilaabo 1999, wuxuuna ku sii nagaaday ka dib markii uu waayey doorkiisii Raiisel Wasaaraha, ilaa 2005. Wuxuu ahaa Wakiilka Sare ee Qaxootiga ee Qaramada Midoobay laga soo bilaabo [[2005]] ilaa [[2015]]. Labada doorasho ee [[2012]] iyo [[2014]]. Dadweynaha Boortaqiiska waxay u doorteen inuu noqdo ra'iisul wasaaraha ugu wanaagsan 30-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay. ==Taariikh nololeed== António Guterres wuxuu ku dhashay kaniisadda Santos-o-Velho, oo ku taal degmada Lisbon, Portugal, wiilkii Virgilio Dias Guterres (1913–2009) iyo Hilda kandida dos Reis Oliveira Guterres (1923–2021). Guterres wuxuu dhiganayay Dugsiga Sare ee kamões (oo hadda ah Dugsiga Sare ee kamões), isagoo ka qalin jabiyay 1965 wuxuuna ku guuleystay Abaalmarinta Dugsiga Sare ee Qaranka isagoo ah ardaygii ugu fiicnaa dalka. Wuxuu sii watay waxbarashadiisa fiisigiska iyo injineernimada korontada ee Machadka Sare ee Tiknoolajiyadda ee Jaamacadda Farsamada ee [[Lissabon]], isagoo ka qalin jabiyay 1971. Ka dib wuxuu bilaabay shaqadiisa waxbarasho isagoo ah kaaliye bare, aragtida nidaamka waxbaridda iyo calaamadaha isgaarsiinta, ka hor inta uusan ka bixin [[akadeemiyadda]] si uu u galo [[siyaasadda]]. ==Tixraac== [[Category:Qaramada Midoobay]] [[Category:Dadka bortuqiiska]] gtc3gakfylqmjlgus7zwvkwp6qxey47 299756 299752 2026-06-27T10:27:50Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Tixraac */ Fixed grammar 299756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = António Guterres | honorific-suffix = | honorific_prefix = [[Mudane]] | image = António Guterres - 2019 (48132270313) (cropped).jpg | caption = Guterres in 2019 | office = 9aad [[Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay]] | deputy = [[Aamina J. Maxamed|Aamina Maxamed]] | term_start = 1 janaayo 2017 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Ban Ki-moon]] | successor = | office1 = [[Hay'adda Qaxootiga ee Qaramada Midoobay]] | 1blankname1 = {{nowrap|Secretary-General}} | 1namedata1 = [[Kofi Annan]]<br />[[Ban Ki-moon]] | term_start1 = 15 juun 2005 | term_end1 = 31 Desembar 2015 | predecessor1 = [[Ruud Lubbers]] | successor1 = [[Filippo Grandi]] | office2 = [[Prime Minister of Portugal]]<!-- Please do not add his order, it is against WP:MOS, unused and clutter, only exception is the President of the United States. --> | president2 = [[Mário Soares]]<br />[[Jorge Sampaio]] | term_start2 = 28 Oktobar 1995 | term_end2 = 6 Abriil 2002 | predecessor2 = [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]] | successor2 = [[José Manuel Barroso]] | office3 = Madaxweynaha [[Socialist International]] | term_start3 = 10 Nofembar 1999 | term_end3 = 15 juun 2005 | predecessor3 = [[Pierre Mauroy]] | successor3 = [[George Papandreou]] | office4 = [[Secretary-General of the Socialist Party (Portugal)|Secretary-General of the Socialist Party]] | president4 = {{nowrap|[[António de Almeida Santos]]}} | term_start4 = 23 Febaraayo 1992 | term_end4 = 21 Janaayo 2002 | predecessor4 = [[Jorge Sampaio]] | successor4 = [[Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues]] | office5 = [[Hogaamiyaha Mucaaradka (Portugal)|Hogaamiyaha Mucaaradka]] | primeminister5 = [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]] | term_start5 = 23 Febaraayo 1992 | term_end5 = 28 Oktoobar 1995 | predecessor5 = [[Jorge Sampaio]] | successor5 = [[Fernando Nogueira]] | office6 = [[Xubin ka ah Golaha Jamhuuriyadda (Bortuqal)|Xubin ka ah Golaha Jamhuuriyadda]] | term_start6 = 3 juun 1976 | term_end6 = 4 April 2002 | constituency6 = [[Castelo Branco District|Castelo Branco]] | birth_name = António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|4|30|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Lisbon]], [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Portugal]] | death_date = | nationality = Bortuqiis | party = [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist]] | spouse = {{marriage|Luísa Guimarães e Melo|1972|1998|reason=d.}}<br />{{marriage|[[Catarina Vaz Pinto]]|2001}} | children = 2 | alma_mater = [[Instituto Superior Técnico]] - [[University of Lisbon]] | website = {{url|antonioguterres.gov.pt|António Guterres}} | signature = Assinatura António Guterres.svg }}'''António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres''' (wuxuu dhashey 30 Abriil [[1949]]) waa siyaasi [[Boortuqiis]] iyo diblomaasi u shaqeynayay Xoghayaha Guud ee Sagaalaad ee [[Qaramada Midoobay]]. Wuxuu xubin ka ahaa Xisbiga Socialist Party, wuxuu soo noqday Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[Bortuqaal]] [[1995]] ilaa [[2002]]. Guterres wuxuu soo noqday xoghayihii guud ee xisbiga hantiwadaaga laga soo bilaabo [[1992]] - [[2002]] Kadib 6 sano ayuu xukunka haayay isaga oo aan aqlabiyad buuxda lahayn oo hadana ku sii dartay dhaqaale xumo, xisbiga Guterres ee hantiwadaaggu wuxuu la kulmay guuldarro culus oo ka xun sidii la filayay sababtoo ah khasaarihii ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee [[Lisbon]] iyo [[Borto]], halkaas oo codbixinta lagu muujiyey PS. horseed adag. [[Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues]] ayaa la wareegay hoggaanka xisbiga Socialist Party, laakiin doorashadii guud waxaa looga adkaaday xisbiga Social Democratic Party ee uu hoggaamiyo [[José Manuel Barroso]]. Wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynaha [[Socialist International]] laga soo bilaabo 1999, wuxuuna ku sii nagaaday ka dib markii uu waayey doorkiisii Raiisel Wasaaraha, ilaa 2005. Wuxuu ahaa Wakiilka Sare ee Qaxootiga ee Qaramada Midoobay laga soo bilaabo [[2005]] ilaa [[2015]]. Labada doorasho ee [[2012]] iyo [[2014]]. Dadweynaha Boortaqiiska waxay u doorteen inuu noqdo ra'iisul wasaaraha ugu wanaagsan 30-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay. ==Taariikh nololeed== António Guterres wuxuu ku dhashay kaniisadda Santos-o-Velho, oo ku taal degmada Lisbon, Portugal, wiilkii Virgilio Dias Guterres (1913–2009) iyo Hilda kandida dos Reis Oliveira Guterres (1923–2021). Guterres wuxuu dhiganayay Dugsiga Sare ee kamões (oo hadda ah Dugsiga Sare ee kamões), isagoo ka qalin jabiyay 1965 wuxuuna ku guuleystay Abaalmarinta Dugsiga Sare ee Qaranka isagoo ah ardaygii ugu fiicnaa dalka. Wuxuu sii watay waxbarashadiisa fiisigiska iyo injineernimada korontada ee Machadka Sare ee Tiknoolajiyadda ee Jaamacadda Farsamada ee [[Lissabon]], isagoo ka qalin jabiyay 1971. Ka dib wuxuu bilaabay shaqadiisa waxbarasho isagoo ah kaaliye bare, aragtida nidaamka waxbaridda iyo calaamadaha isgaarsiinta, ka hor inta uusan ka bixin [[akadeemiyadda]] si uu u galo [[siyaasadda]]. ==Tixraac== * {{Official website}} in gov.pt {{in lang|pt}} * [https://www.un.org/sg/en Official website of the UN Secretary-General] * {{C-SPAN}} {{s-start}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-bef|before=[[Jorge Sampaio]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Secretary-General of the [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist Party]]|years=1992–2002}} {{s-aft|after=[[Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Pierre Mauroy]]}} {{s-ttl|title=President of the [[Socialist International]]|years=1999–2005}} {{s-aft|after=[[George Papandreou]]}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Jorge Sampaio]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Leader of the Opposition (Portugal)|Leader of the Opposition]]|years=1992–1995}} {{s-aft|after=[[Fernando Nogueira]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Portugal]]|years=1995–2002}} {{s-aft|after=[[José Manuel Barroso]]}} {{s-diplomatic}} {{s-bef|before=[[Ruud Lubbers]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]]|years=2005–2015}} {{s-aft|after=[[Filippo Grandi]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Ban Ki-moon]]}} [[Category:Qaramada Midoobay]] [[Category:Dadka bortuqiiska]] 5pv67cl73rfgj8d7u22xttxtypq8pmj 299757 299756 2026-06-27T10:30:09Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 299757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = António Guterres | honorific-suffix = | honorific_prefix = [[Mudane]] | image = António Guterres - 2019 (48132270313) (cropped).jpg | caption = Guterres in 2019 | office = 9aad [[Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay]] | deputy = [[Aamina J. Maxamed|Aamina Maxamed]] | term_start = 1 janaayo 2017 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Ban Ki-moon]] | successor = | office1 = [[Hay'adda Qaxootiga ee Qaramada Midoobay]] | 1blankname1 = {{nowrap|Secretary-General}} | 1namedata1 = [[Kofi Annan]]<br />[[Ban Ki-moon]] | term_start1 = 15 juun 2005 | term_end1 = 31 Desembar 2015 | predecessor1 = [[Ruud Lubbers]] | successor1 = [[Filippo Grandi]] | office2 = [[Ra'iisul Wasaare ee Boortaqiiska]]<!-- Please do not add his order, it is against WP:MOS, unused and clutter, only exception is the President of the United States. --> | president2 = [[Mário Soares]]<br />[[Jorge Sampaio]] | term_start2 = 28 Oktobar 1995 | term_end2 = 6 Abriil 2002 | predecessor2 = [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]] | successor2 = [[José Manuel Barroso]] | office3 = Madaxweynaha [[Shuuciga Aduunka]] | term_start3 = 10 Nofembar 1999 | term_end3 = 15 juun 2005 | predecessor3 = [[Pierre Mauroy]] | successor3 = [[George Papandreou]] | office4 = [[Secretary-General of the Socialist Party (Portugal)|Secretary-General of the Socialist Party]] | president4 = {{nowrap|[[António de Almeida Santos]]}} | term_start4 = 23 Febaraayo 1992 | term_end4 = 21 Janaayo 2002 | predecessor4 = [[Jorge Sampaio]] | successor4 = [[Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues]] | office5 = [[Hogaamiyaha Mucaaradka (Portugal)|Hogaamiyaha Mucaaradka]] | primeminister5 = [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]] | term_start5 = 23 Febaraayo 1992 | term_end5 = 28 Oktoobar 1995 | predecessor5 = [[Jorge Sampaio]] | successor5 = [[Fernando Nogueira]] | office6 = [[Xubin ka ah Golaha Jamhuuriyadda (Bortuqal)|Xubin ka ah Golaha Jamhuuriyadda]] | term_start6 = 3 juun 1976 | term_end6 = 4 April 2002 | constituency6 = [[Castelo Branco District|Castelo Branco]] | birth_name = António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|4|30|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Lisbon]], [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Portugal]] | death_date = | nationality = Bortuqiis | party = [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist]] | spouse = {{marriage|Luísa Guimarães e Melo|1972|1998|reason=d.}}<br />{{marriage|[[Catarina Vaz Pinto]]|2001}} | children = 2 | alma_mater = [[Instituto Superior Técnico]] - [[University of Lisbon]] | website = {{url|antonioguterres.gov.pt|António Guterres}} | signature = Assinatura António Guterres.svg }}'''António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres''' (wuxuu dhashey 30 Abriil [[1949]]) waa siyaasi [[Boortuqiis]] iyo diblomaasi u shaqeynayay Xoghayaha Guud ee Sagaalaad ee [[Qaramada Midoobay]]. Wuxuu xubin ka ahaa Xisbiga Socialist Party, wuxuu soo noqday Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[Bortuqaal]] [[1995]] ilaa [[2002]]. Guterres wuxuu soo noqday xoghayihii guud ee xisbiga hantiwadaaga laga soo bilaabo [[1992]] - [[2002]] Kadib 6 sano ayuu xukunka haayay isaga oo aan aqlabiyad buuxda lahayn oo hadana ku sii dartay dhaqaale xumo, xisbiga Guterres ee hantiwadaaggu wuxuu la kulmay guuldarro culus oo ka xun sidii la filayay sababtoo ah khasaarihii ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee [[Lisbon]] iyo [[Borto]], halkaas oo codbixinta lagu muujiyey PS. horseed adag. [[Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues]] ayaa la wareegay hoggaanka xisbiga Socialist Party, laakiin doorashadii guud waxaa looga adkaaday xisbiga Social Democratic Party ee uu hoggaamiyo [[José Manuel Barroso]]. Wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynaha [[Socialist International]] laga soo bilaabo 1999, wuxuuna ku sii nagaaday ka dib markii uu waayey doorkiisii Raiisel Wasaaraha, ilaa 2005. Wuxuu ahaa Wakiilka Sare ee Qaxootiga ee Qaramada Midoobay laga soo bilaabo [[2005]] ilaa [[2015]]. Labada doorasho ee [[2012]] iyo [[2014]]. Dadweynaha Boortaqiiska waxay u doorteen inuu noqdo ra'iisul wasaaraha ugu wanaagsan 30-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay. ==Taariikh nololeed== António Guterres wuxuu ku dhashay kaniisadda Santos-o-Velho, oo ku taal degmada Lisbon, Portugal, wiilkii Virgilio Dias Guterres (1913–2009) iyo Hilda kandida dos Reis Oliveira Guterres (1923–2021). Guterres wuxuu dhiganayay Dugsiga Sare ee kamões (oo hadda ah Dugsiga Sare ee kamões), isagoo ka qalin jabiyay 1965 wuxuuna ku guuleystay Abaalmarinta Dugsiga Sare ee Qaranka isagoo ah ardaygii ugu fiicnaa dalka. Wuxuu sii watay waxbarashadiisa fiisigiska iyo injineernimada korontada ee Machadka Sare ee Tiknoolajiyadda ee Jaamacadda Farsamada ee [[Lissabon]], isagoo ka qalin jabiyay 1971. Ka dib wuxuu bilaabay shaqadiisa waxbarasho isagoo ah kaaliye bare, aragtida nidaamka waxbaridda iyo calaamadaha isgaarsiinta, ka hor inta uusan ka bixin [[akadeemiyadda]] si uu u galo [[siyaasadda]]. ==Tixraac== * {{Official website}} in gov.pt {{in lang|pt}} * [https://www.un.org/sg/en Official website of the UN Secretary-General] * {{C-SPAN}} {{s-start}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-bef|before=[[Jorge Sampaio]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Secretary-General of the [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist Party]]|years=1992–2002}} {{s-aft|after=[[Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Pierre Mauroy]]}} {{s-ttl|title=President of the [[Socialist International]]|years=1999–2005}} {{s-aft|after=[[George Papandreou]]}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Jorge Sampaio]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Leader of the Opposition (Portugal)|Leader of the Opposition]]|years=1992–1995}} {{s-aft|after=[[Fernando Nogueira]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Portugal]]|years=1995–2002}} {{s-aft|after=[[José Manuel Barroso]]}} {{s-diplomatic}} {{s-bef|before=[[Ruud Lubbers]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]]|years=2005–2015}} {{s-aft|after=[[Filippo Grandi]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Ban Ki-moon]]}} [[Category:Qaramada Midoobay]] [[Category:Dadka bortuqiiska]] dp1t6y440cw7jyzt16j9bcu7mj1a0nh 299759 299757 2026-06-27T10:31:24Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 299759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = António Guterres | honorific-suffix = | honorific_prefix = [[Mudane]] | image = António Guterres - 2019 (48132270313) (cropped).jpg | caption = Guterres ee sanadkii 2019 | office = 9aad [[Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay]] | deputy = [[Aamina J. Maxamed|Aamina Maxamed]] | term_start = 1 janaayo 2017 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Ban Ki-moon]] | successor = | office1 = [[Hay'adda Qaxootiga ee Qaramada Midoobay]] | 1blankname1 = {{nowrap|Secretary-General}} | 1namedata1 = [[Kofi Annan]]<br />[[Ban Ki-moon]] | term_start1 = 15 juun 2005 | term_end1 = 31 Desembar 2015 | predecessor1 = [[Ruud Lubbers]] | successor1 = [[Filippo Grandi]] | office2 = [[Ra'iisul Wasaare ee Boortaqiiska]]<!-- Please do not add his order, it is against WP:MOS, unused and clutter, only exception is the President of the United States. --> | president2 = [[Mário Soares]]<br />[[Jorge Sampaio]] | term_start2 = 28 Oktobar 1995 | term_end2 = 6 Abriil 2002 | predecessor2 = [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]] | successor2 = [[José Manuel Barroso]] | office3 = Madaxweynaha [[Shuuciga Aduunka]] | term_start3 = 10 Nofembar 1999 | term_end3 = 15 juun 2005 | predecessor3 = [[Pierre Mauroy]] | successor3 = [[George Papandreou]] | office4 = [[Secretary-General of the Socialist Party (Portugal)|Secretary-General of the Socialist Party]] | president4 = {{nowrap|[[António de Almeida Santos]]}} | term_start4 = 23 Febaraayo 1992 | term_end4 = 21 Janaayo 2002 | predecessor4 = [[Jorge Sampaio]] | successor4 = [[Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues]] | office5 = [[Hogaamiyaha Mucaaradka (Portugal)|Hogaamiyaha Mucaaradka]] | primeminister5 = [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]] | term_start5 = 23 Febaraayo 1992 | term_end5 = 28 Oktoobar 1995 | predecessor5 = [[Jorge Sampaio]] | successor5 = [[Fernando Nogueira]] | office6 = [[Xubin ka ah Golaha Jamhuuriyadda (Bortuqal)|Xubin ka ah Golaha Jamhuuriyadda]] | term_start6 = 3 juun 1976 | term_end6 = 4 April 2002 | constituency6 = [[Castelo Branco District|Castelo Branco]] | birth_name = António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|4|30|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Lisbon]], [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Portugal]] | death_date = | nationality = Bortuqiis | party = [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist]] | spouse = {{marriage|Luísa Guimarães e Melo|1972|1998|reason=d.}}<br />{{marriage|[[Catarina Vaz Pinto]]|2001}} | children = 2 | alma_mater = [[Instituto Superior Técnico]] - [[University of Lisbon]] | website = {{url|antonioguterres.gov.pt|António Guterres}} | signature = Assinatura António Guterres.svg }}'''António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres''' (wuxuu dhashey 30 Abriil [[1949]]) waa siyaasi [[Boortuqiis]] iyo diblomaasi u shaqeynayay Xoghayaha Guud ee Sagaalaad ee [[Qaramada Midoobay]]. Wuxuu xubin ka ahaa Xisbiga Socialist Party, wuxuu soo noqday Ra'iisul Wasaaraha [[Bortuqaal]] [[1995]] ilaa [[2002]]. Guterres wuxuu soo noqday xoghayihii guud ee xisbiga hantiwadaaga laga soo bilaabo [[1992]] - [[2002]] Kadib 6 sano ayuu xukunka haayay isaga oo aan aqlabiyad buuxda lahayn oo hadana ku sii dartay dhaqaale xumo, xisbiga Guterres ee hantiwadaaggu wuxuu la kulmay guuldarro culus oo ka xun sidii la filayay sababtoo ah khasaarihii ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee [[Lisbon]] iyo [[Borto]], halkaas oo codbixinta lagu muujiyey PS. horseed adag. [[Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues]] ayaa la wareegay hoggaanka xisbiga Socialist Party, laakiin doorashadii guud waxaa looga adkaaday xisbiga Social Democratic Party ee uu hoggaamiyo [[José Manuel Barroso]]. Wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynaha [[Socialist International]] laga soo bilaabo 1999, wuxuuna ku sii nagaaday ka dib markii uu waayey doorkiisii Raiisel Wasaaraha, ilaa 2005. Wuxuu ahaa Wakiilka Sare ee Qaxootiga ee Qaramada Midoobay laga soo bilaabo [[2005]] ilaa [[2015]]. Labada doorasho ee [[2012]] iyo [[2014]]. Dadweynaha Boortaqiiska waxay u doorteen inuu noqdo ra'iisul wasaaraha ugu wanaagsan 30-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay. ==Taariikh nololeed== António Guterres wuxuu ku dhashay kaniisadda Santos-o-Velho, oo ku taal degmada Lisbon, Portugal, wiilkii Virgilio Dias Guterres (1913–2009) iyo Hilda kandida dos Reis Oliveira Guterres (1923–2021). Guterres wuxuu dhiganayay Dugsiga Sare ee kamões (oo hadda ah Dugsiga Sare ee kamões), isagoo ka qalin jabiyay 1965 wuxuuna ku guuleystay Abaalmarinta Dugsiga Sare ee Qaranka isagoo ah ardaygii ugu fiicnaa dalka. Wuxuu sii watay waxbarashadiisa fiisigiska iyo injineernimada korontada ee Machadka Sare ee Tiknoolajiyadda ee Jaamacadda Farsamada ee [[Lissabon]], isagoo ka qalin jabiyay 1971. Ka dib wuxuu bilaabay shaqadiisa waxbarasho isagoo ah kaaliye bare, aragtida nidaamka waxbaridda iyo calaamadaha isgaarsiinta, ka hor inta uusan ka bixin [[akadeemiyadda]] si uu u galo [[siyaasadda]]. ==Tixraac== * {{Official website}} in gov.pt {{in lang|pt}} * [https://www.un.org/sg/en Official website of the UN Secretary-General] * {{C-SPAN}} {{s-start}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-bef|before=[[Jorge Sampaio]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Secretary-General of the [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist Party]]|years=1992–2002}} {{s-aft|after=[[Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Pierre Mauroy]]}} {{s-ttl|title=President of the [[Socialist International]]|years=1999–2005}} {{s-aft|after=[[George Papandreou]]}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Jorge Sampaio]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Leader of the Opposition (Portugal)|Leader of the Opposition]]|years=1992–1995}} {{s-aft|after=[[Fernando Nogueira]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Portugal]]|years=1995–2002}} {{s-aft|after=[[José Manuel Barroso]]}} {{s-diplomatic}} {{s-bef|before=[[Ruud Lubbers]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]]|years=2005–2015}} {{s-aft|after=[[Filippo Grandi]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Ban Ki-moon]]}} [[Category:Qaramada Midoobay]] [[Category:Dadka bortuqiiska]] oc9jzd4yq0yh04xvk10vruvj16tjvxl 0 31443 299744 257276 2026-06-27T10:16:40Z Videoiib7 46243 299744 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:London Conference on The Illegal Wildlife Trade (cropped).jpg|thumb]] '''Ali Bongo Ondimba''' (wuxuu ku dhashay '''Alain Bernard Bongo'''; [[9]] [[Febraayo]] 1959), oo mararka qaar loo yaqaan Ali Bongo, waa siyaasi reer Gabon ah oo madaxweyne ka ahaa Gabon ilaa Oktoobar 2009. Ali Bongo waa ina [[Omar Bongo]], oo ahaa Madaxweynaha Gabon 1967 ilaa dhimashadiisa 2009. Intii uu aabihii madaxweynenimada ahaa, wuxuu ahaa Wasiirka Arimaha Dibadda 1989 ilaa 1991, wuxuu wakiil u ahaa Bongoville isagoo ah kuxigeenka Golaha Qaranka laga soo bilaabo 1991 ilaa 1999, waxaana uu ahaa Wasiirka Difaaca 1999 ilaa 2009. Dhimashadii aabihiis ka dib, wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimada ee Gabon 2009. Waxaa dib loo doortey sanadkii 2016, doorashooyinkii oo ay horistaageen cilado badan, xarig, xadgudubyo xaga xuquuqul insaanka ah iyo mudaaharaadyadii doorashada kadib iyo rabshado. Bongo sidoo kale waa gudoomiyaha xisbiga Dimuqraadiga ah ee Gabon. Bishii Oktoobar 2021, Ali Bongo waxaa laga soo xigtay “waraaqaha Pandora”, dukumiintiyadan ku saabsan adeegsiga shirkadaha xeebaha ee goobaha canshuuraha, Ali Bongo wuxuu noqon lahaa ka -faa'iideystaha laba shirkadood oo hadda la kala diray. 830kq7jo1ex2xa8fxwoh93jhv655uej 0 31444 299740 205370 2026-06-27T10:12:55Z Videoiib7 46243 299740 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omar Bongo 1973.jpg|thumb]] '''El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba''' (wuxuu ku dhashay '''Albert-Bernard Bongo'''; 30 [[Disember]] 1935 - [[8]] [[Juun]] [[2009]]) wuxuu ahaa siyaasi reer [[Gabon]] ah oo ahaa Madaxweynaha Gabon 42 sano, laga soo bilaabo 1967 ilaa dhimashadiisa 2009. Cumar Bongo waxaa loo dalacsiiyay jagooyin muhiim ah isagoo ah Mas’uul da ’yar oo ka hoos jiray Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Gabon [[Léon M'ba]] sanadkii 1960-kii, ka hor inta aan loo dooran Madaxweyne-kuxigeenka midkiisii ​​gaarka ahaa 1966. 1967, wuxuu ku guulaystay M'ba inuu noqdo Madaxweynihii labaad ee Gabon, markii uu dhintay. Bongo wuxuu madax ka ahaa nidaamka keli-taliska ah ee Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Gabon (PDG) ilaa 1990, markii, uu wajahay cadaadis dadweyne, waxaa lagu khasbay inuu Gabon soo bandhigo siyaasad xisbiyo badan. Jiritaankiisa siyaasadeed inkasta oo uu si weyn uga soo horjeeday xukunkiisa horaantii 1990-meeyadii waxay u muuqdeen inay mar kale ka soo baxayaan isku-duwidda awoodda iyagoo u keenaya inta badan hoggaamiyeyaasha mucaaradka ugu waaweyn waqtigaas. Doorashadii madaxweynenimada ee 1993 waxay ahayd mid si aad ah loo isku khilaafsan yahay laakiin waxay ku dhamaatay dib u doorashadiisa ka dib iyo doorashadii ku xigtay ee 1998 iyo 2005. Tirada guud ee baarlamaaneedkiisu way korodhay mucaaradkuna waxay noqdeen kuwa laga adkaaday mid kasta oo guuleysta doorashada. Ka dib markii Madaxweynaha Cuba [[Fidel Castro]] uu shaqada ka degay bishii Feebaraayo 2008, Bongo wuxuu noqday hoggaamiye dunida ugu cimri dheeraa boqortooyo ahaan. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa saraakiishii ugu muddada dheeraa boqortooyooyinka aan boqornimada ahayn tan iyo 1900. Bongo waxaa lagu dhaleeceeyay inuu saameyn ku yeeshay naftiisa, qoyskiisa iyo aqoonyahanada maxalliga ah mana u shaqeynin Gabon iyo dadkiisaba. Tusaale ahaan, siyaasiga cagaaran ee Faransiiska Eva Joly wuxuu sheegtey in mudadii uu xukunka hayey Bongo, in kasta oo GDP uu hoggaamiyo koboc kasta oo ka mid ah heerarka ugu sarreeya ee Afrika, Gabon ay dhistay kaliya 5 km oo waddo-bilaash ah sanadkii welina ay haysato mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu sarreeya adduunka. Heerka dhimashada ilmaha markuu dhintey 2009. Ka dib dhimashadii Bongo bishi Juun 2009, wiilkiisa [[Ali Bongo Ondimba|Ali Bongo]] - oo aabihiis u xilsaaray xilal wasaaradeed muhiim ah — ayaa loo doortey in uu badalo Ogosto 2009. 3857cx3su949s6e6moagc9wbmcykl3c 299741 299740 2026-06-27T10:14:08Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 299741 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omar Bongo 1973.jpg|thumb]] '''El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba''' (wuxuu ku dhashay '''Albert-Bernard Bongo'''; [[30]] [[Diseembar]] 1935 - [[8]] [[Juun]] [[2009]]) wuxuu ahaa siyaasi reer [[Gabon]] ah oo ahaa Madaxweynaha Gabon 42 sano, laga soo bilaabo 1967 ilaa dhimashadiisa 2009. Cumar Bongo waxaa loo dalacsiiyay jagooyin muhiim ah isagoo ah Mas’uul da ’yar oo ka hoos jiray Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Gabon [[Léon M'ba]] sanadkii 1960-kii, ka hor inta aan loo dooran Madaxweyne-kuxigeenka midkiisii ​​gaarka ahaa 1966. 1967, wuxuu ku guulaystay M'ba inuu noqdo Madaxweynihii labaad ee Gabon, markii uu dhintay. Bongo wuxuu madax ka ahaa nidaamka keli-taliska ah ee Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Gabon (PDG) ilaa 1990, markii, uu wajahay cadaadis dadweyne, waxaa lagu khasbay inuu Gabon soo bandhigo siyaasad xisbiyo badan. Jiritaankiisa siyaasadeed inkasta oo uu si weyn uga soo horjeeday xukunkiisa horaantii 1990-meeyadii waxay u muuqdeen inay mar kale ka soo baxayaan isku-duwidda awoodda iyagoo u keenaya inta badan hoggaamiyeyaasha mucaaradka ugu waaweyn waqtigaas. Doorashadii madaxweynenimada ee 1993 waxay ahayd mid si aad ah loo isku khilaafsan yahay laakiin waxay ku dhamaatay dib u doorashadiisa ka dib iyo doorashadii ku xigtay ee 1998 iyo 2005. Tirada guud ee baarlamaaneedkiisu way korodhay mucaaradkuna waxay noqdeen kuwa laga adkaaday mid kasta oo guuleysta doorashada. Ka dib markii Madaxweynaha Cuba [[Fidel Castro]] uu shaqada ka degay bishii Feebaraayo 2008, Bongo wuxuu noqday hoggaamiye dunida ugu cimri dheeraa boqortooyo ahaan. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa saraakiishii ugu muddada dheeraa boqortooyooyinka aan boqornimada ahayn tan iyo 1900. Bongo waxaa lagu dhaleeceeyay inuu saameyn ku yeeshay naftiisa, qoyskiisa iyo aqoonyahanada maxalliga ah mana u shaqeynin Gabon iyo dadkiisaba. Tusaale ahaan, siyaasiga cagaaran ee Faransiiska Eva Joly wuxuu sheegtey in mudadii uu xukunka hayey Bongo, in kasta oo GDP uu hoggaamiyo koboc kasta oo ka mid ah heerarka ugu sarreeya ee Afrika, Gabon ay dhistay kaliya 5 km oo waddo-bilaash ah sanadkii welina ay haysato mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu sarreeya adduunka. Heerka dhimashada ilmaha markuu dhintey 2009. Ka dib dhimashadii Bongo bishi Juun 2009, wiilkiisa [[Ali Bongo Ondimba|Ali Bongo]] - oo aabihiis u xilsaaray xilal wasaaradeed muhiim ah — ayaa loo doortey in uu badalo Ogosto 2009. jxtq5n0l6huhhj5f5k4j770o1pclhqs 299742 299741 2026-06-27T10:15:23Z Videoiib7 46243 299742 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omar Bongo 1973.jpg|thumb]] '''El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba''' (wuxuu ku dhashay '''Albert-Bernard Bongo'''; [[30]] [[Diseembar]] 1935 - [[8]] [[Juun]] [[2009]]) wuxuu ahaa siyaasi reer [[Gabon]] ah oo ahaa Madaxweynaha Gabon 42 sano, laga soo bilaabo 1967 ilaa dhimashadiisa 2009. Cumar Bongo waxaa loo dalacsiiyay jagooyin muhiim ah isagoo ah Mas’uul da ’yar oo ka hoos jiray Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Gabon [[Léon M'ba]] sanadkii 1960-kii, ka hor inta aan loo dooran Madaxweyne-kuxigeenka midkiisii ​​gaarka ahaa 1966. 1967, wuxuu ku guulaystay M'ba inuu noqdo Madaxweynihii 2aad ee Gabon, markii uu dhintay. Bongo wuxuu madax ka ahaa nidaamka keli-taliska ah ee Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Gabon (PDG) ilaa 1990, markii, uu wajahay cadaadis dadweyne, waxaa lagu khasbay inuu Gabon soo bandhigo siyaasad xisbiyo badan. Jiritaankiisa siyaasadeed inkasta oo uu si weyn uga soo horjeeday xukunkiisa horaantii 1990-meeyadii waxay u muuqdeen inay mar kale ka soo baxayaan isku-duwidda awoodda iyagoo u keenaya inta badan hoggaamiyeyaasha mucaaradka ugu waaweyn waqtigaas. Doorashadii madaxweynenimada ee 1993 waxay ahayd mid si aad ah loo isku khilaafsan yahay laakiin waxay ku dhamaatay dib u doorashadiisa ka dib iyo doorashadii ku xigtay ee 1998 iyo 2005. Tirada guud ee baarlamaaneedkiisu way korodhay mucaaradkuna waxay noqdeen kuwa laga adkaaday mid kasta oo guuleysta doorashada. Ka dib markii Madaxweynaha Cuba [[Fidel Castro]] uu shaqada ka degay bishii Feebaraayo 2008, Bongo wuxuu noqday hoggaamiye dunida ugu cimri dheeraa boqortooyo ahaan. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa saraakiishii ugu muddada dheeraa boqortooyooyinka aan boqornimada ahayn tan iyo 1900. Bongo waxaa lagu dhaleeceeyay inuu saameyn ku yeeshay naftiisa, qoyskiisa iyo aqoonyahanada maxalliga ah mana u shaqeynin Gabon iyo dadkiisaba. Tusaale ahaan, siyaasiga cagaaran ee Faransiiska Eva Joly wuxuu sheegtey in mudadii uu xukunka hayey Bongo, in kasta oo GDP uu hoggaamiyo koboc kasta oo ka mid ah heerarka ugu sarreeya ee Afrika, Gabon ay dhistay kaliya 5 km oo waddo-bilaash ah sanadkii welina ay haysato mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu sarreeya adduunka. Heerka dhimashada ilmaha markuu dhintey 2009. Ka dib dhimashadii Bongo bishi Juun 2009, wiilkiisa [[Ali Bongo Ondimba|Ali Bongo]] - oo aabihiis u xilsaaray xilal wasaaradeed muhiim ah — ayaa loo doortey in uu badalo Ogosto 2009. l2i3c4zggzj1gp01oqohyv32iwh9vl4 0 35769 299569 273749 2026-06-26T15:06:49Z Abubakarcm20 25378 /* */ 299569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacar | settlement_type = Tuulo ka tirsan Degmada [[Cadale]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|3|04|21|N|46|21|42.1|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} 7o2ue2h9momh2d708vnfd40e0floltu 299573 299569 2026-06-26T15:13:42Z Abubakarcm20 25378 /* */ 299573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacar | settlement_type = Tuulo ka tirsan Degmada [[Cadale]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|3|04|21|N|46|21|42.1|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} World Cup 2026: The art of the volley 11 sites To add map coordinates and well-structured content ("good things") to a Wikipedia page, use the standard editing tools and Wikipedia's formatting templates. Wikipedia +4 1. Adding Map Coordinates To display geographic coordinates at the top right of an article and in global geosearch tools, you will use the {{Coord}} template. Wikipedia Syntax: {{Coord|latitude|longitude|display=title}} Example (Degrees, Minutes, Seconds): {{Coord|37|46|36|N|122|25|09|W|display=title}} Example (Decimal Degrees): {{Coord|37.7767|-122.4192|display=title}} Placement: Add this template in the article source just below the == External links == section. Wikipedia 2. Adding Good Content Wikipedia requires all content to be neutral, objective, and backed by reliable, published sources. Wikipedia +4 Maintain Neutrality: Remove subjective buzzwords (e.g., "amazing," "the best"). Stick to facts, history, and verifiable achievements. Structure: Group information into logical sections like == History ==, == Features ==, or == Geography ==. Add Citations: Always back up your additions with footnotes. Use the Cite button in the editor toolbar, or paste the source URL directly using the Wikipedia:Citing sources guidelines. Could you tell me the specific Wikipedia article you are editing and the type of location or topic you want to add? I can help you find the exact coordinates or format the information according to Wikipedia guidelines. 3 sites The Burdacaar Wikipedia page currently lacks visual data because it is missing an Infobox settlement template. To give it a map, a quick-facts sidebar, and structured sections exactly like the Adale District page, you must add specific structural code. 1. Add the Map & Infobox (Sidebar) Copy this exact template code, click "Edit source" (Wax ka badal) on the Burdacaar page, and paste it at the very top of the article. wikitext {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacar ama Bacar | settlement_type = Tuulo | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|2|58|08|N|46|11|11|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} Use code with caution. Note: This automatically generates an interactive map pin using Burdacaar's geographic coordinates. 2. Organize with Subheadings Do not write all the information in one large block of text. Break up the Burdacaar page into clean, readable sections by copying these markdown headers: wikitext == Hordhac == (Move the current opening text here, describing its location 30 km north of Cadale and 160 km northeast of Mogadishu). == Juqraafiga == (List the neighboring villages mentioned in the text here: Masaajid Cali Gaduud, Daarusalaam, Baqdaad, Faqayaalo, Geelgub, Xagarrey, and Wargaadhi). == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == (Explain that the local population relies on livestock herding and farming: "Dadka ku nool deegaanka waa xoolo dhaqato iyo beeraley"). == Taariikhda == (Add historical milestones, such as its liberation/transition to Federal government control in early 2023). == Xigasho == {{reflist}} Use code with caution. 3. Link to Other Pages Make the article look professional by linking keywords to their respective Wikipedia pages. Put double square brackets around important words. Change Gobolka Shabeelada Dhexe to [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] Change Muqdisho to [[Muqdisho]] Change Cadale to [[Cadale]] Would you like me to help you write the exact citations for the 2023 political changes in Burdacaar so your edits don't get removed by Wikipedia moderators? Wikipedia Write the section headers around your existing text, replacing the old, unorganized paragraphs. You do not just paste them at the end. How to place the code in "Edit source" (Wax ka badal) Copy and paste the entire block below into the editing box. This template rearranges the existing Burdacaar page information into the correct structural order: wikitext {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacaar | settlement_type = Tuulo / Deegaan | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|2|58|08|N|46|11|11|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} == Hordhac == '''Burdacaar''' waa deegaan ka tirsan [[Gobolka Shabeelada Dhexe]], wuxuuna qiyaastii 30 km u jiraa degmo xeebeedka [[Cadale]] dhanka waqooyi, halka uu [[Muqdisho]] u jiro qiyaastii 160 km dhanka waqooyi-bari. Deegaankau waxuu ku yaalaa bartamaha waddada dheer ee dhanka xeebta marta ee xariirisa Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo gobalada [[Shebeelaha Dhexe]] [[Galgaduud]] ilaa [[Mudug]]. == Juqraafiga == Burdacaar waxay xuduud la leedahay dhowr tuulo iyo deegaan oo muhiim ah, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin: * [[Masaajid Cali Gaduud]] * [[Daarusalaam]] * [[Baqdaad]] * [[Faqayaalo]] * Geelgub * Xagarrey * [[Wargaadhi]] == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Nolosha iyo dhaqaalaha dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waxay inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin: * **Xoolo dhaqashada:** Sida geela, lo'da, iyo ariga. * **Beeraha:** Wax soo saarka dalagyada kala duwan ee ku haboon deegaanka. == Taariikhda == Deegaanka wuxuu muhiimad weyn u leeyahay maamulka gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe iyo amniga jidka xiriiriya degmada Cadale iyo deegaanada ku dhow. Sababo la xiriira isbedelladii amniga iyo maamulka ee dhacay sanadkii 2023, deegaanka wuxuu si buuxda u galay gacanta dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya iyo ciidamada deegaanka. == Xigasho == {{reflist}} cn0k49mvyvc79xrgd9jpbty0brb74m5 299576 299573 2026-06-26T15:16:24Z Abubakarcm20 25378 /* */ 299576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacar | settlement_type = Tuulo ka tirsan Degmada [[Cadale]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|3|04|21|N|46|21|42.1|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} == Hordhac == (Move the current opening text here, describing its location 30 km north of Cadale and 160 km northeast of Mogadishu). == Juqraafiga == (List the neighboring villages mentioned in the text here: Masaajid Cali Gaduud, Daarusalaam, Baqdaad, Faqayaalo, Geelgub, Xagarrey, and Wargaadhi). == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == (Explain that the local population relies on livestock herding and farming: "Dadka ku nool deegaanka waa xoolo dhaqato iyo beeraley"). == Taariikhda == (Add historical milestones, such as its liberation/transition to Federal government control in early 2023). == Xigasho == {{reflist}} Use code with caution. 3. Link to Other Pages Make the article look professional by linking keywords to their respective Wikipedia pages. Put double square brackets around important words. Change Gobolka Shabeelada Dhexe to [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] Change Muqdisho to [[Muqdisho]] Change Cadale to [[Cadale]] Would you like me to help you write the exact citations for the 2023 political changes in Burdacaar so your edits don't get removed by Wikipedia moderators? Wikipedia Write the section headers around your existing text, replacing the old, unorganized paragraphs. You do not just paste them at the end. How to place the code in "Edit source" (Wax ka badal) Copy and paste the entire block below into the editing box. This template rearranges the existing Burdacaar page information into the correct structural order: wikitext {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacaar | settlement_type = Tuulo / Deegaan | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|2|58|08|N|46|11|11|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} == Hordhac == '''Burdacaar''' waa deegaan ka tirsan [[Gobolka Shabeelada Dhexe]], wuxuuna qiyaastii 30 km u jiraa degmo xeebeedka [[Cadale]] dhanka waqooyi, halka uu [[Muqdisho]] u jiro qiyaastii 160 km dhanka waqooyi-bari. Deegaankau waxuu ku yaalaa bartamaha waddada dheer ee dhanka xeebta marta ee xariirisa Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo gobalada [[Shebeelaha Dhexe]] [[Galgaduud]] ilaa [[Mudug]]. == Juqraafiga == Burdacaar waxay xuduud la leedahay dhowr tuulo iyo deegaan oo muhiim ah, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin: * [[Masaajid Cali Gaduud]] * [[Daarusalaam]] * [[Baqdaad]] * [[Faqayaalo]] * Geelgub * Xagarrey * [[Wargaadhi]] == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Nolosha iyo dhaqaalaha dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waxay inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin: * **Xoolo dhaqashada:** Sida geela, lo'da, iyo ariga. * **Beeraha:** Wax soo saarka dalagyada kala duwan ee ku haboon deegaanka. == Taariikhda == Deegaanka wuxuu muhiimad weyn u leeyahay maamulka gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe iyo amniga jidka xiriiriya degmada Cadale iyo deegaanada ku dhow. Sababo la xiriira isbedelladii amniga iyo maamulka ee dhacay sanadkii 2023, deegaanka wuxuu si buuxda u galay gacanta dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya iyo ciidamada deegaanka. == Xigasho == {{reflist}} hpb0loqudg1jcvherkchussra7m745i 299585 299576 2026-06-26T15:34:56Z Abubakarcm20 25378 /* Hordhac */ 299585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacar | settlement_type = Tuulo ka tirsan Degmada [[Cadale]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|3|04|21|N|46|21|42.1|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} == Hordhac == Burdacaar waa deegaan qadiimi ah oo hoostaga degmo xeebeedka [[Cadale]] ee Gobolka [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] ee koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]]. Wuxuuna qiyaastii 30 km dhanka waqooyi ka xigaa Magaalada [[Cadale]], sidoo kalane wuxuu qiyaastii 160 km dhanka waqooyi bari ka beeganyahay Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] ee caasimadda [[Soomaaliya]]. Burdacaar waa tuulo ku taala bartama wadada dhanka xeebta ah ee isku xirta Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo bariga gobalada [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Galgaduud]] ilaa [[Mudug]]. == Juqraafiga == (List the neighboring villages mentioned in the text here: Masaajid Cali Gaduud, Daarusalaam, Baqdaad, Faqayaalo, Geelgub, Xagarrey, and Wargaadhi). == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == (Explain that the local population relies on livestock herding and farming: "Dadka ku nool deegaanka waa xoolo dhaqato iyo beeraley"). == Taariikhda == (Add historical milestones, such as its liberation/transition to Federal government control in early 2023). == Xigasho == {{reflist}} Use code with caution. 3. Link to Other Pages Make the article look professional by linking keywords to their respective Wikipedia pages. Put double square brackets around important words. Change Gobolka Shabeelada Dhexe to [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] Change Muqdisho to [[Muqdisho]] Change Cadale to [[Cadale]] Would you like me to help you write the exact citations for the 2023 political changes in Burdacaar so your edits don't get removed by Wikipedia moderators? Wikipedia Write the section headers around your existing text, replacing the old, unorganized paragraphs. You do not just paste them at the end. How to place the code in "Edit source" (Wax ka badal) Copy and paste the entire block below into the editing box. This template rearranges the existing Burdacaar page information into the correct structural order: wikitext {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacaar | settlement_type = Tuulo / Deegaan | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|2|58|08|N|46|11|11|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} == Hordhac == '''Burdacaar''' waa deegaan ka tirsan [[Gobolka Shabeelada Dhexe]], wuxuuna qiyaastii 30 km u jiraa degmo xeebeedka [[Cadale]] dhanka waqooyi, halka uu [[Muqdisho]] u jiro qiyaastii 160 km dhanka waqooyi-bari. Deegaankau waxuu ku yaalaa bartamaha waddada dheer ee dhanka xeebta marta ee xariirisa Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo gobalada [[Shebeelaha Dhexe]] [[Galgaduud]] ilaa [[Mudug]]. == Juqraafiga == Burdacaar waxay xuduud la leedahay dhowr tuulo iyo deegaan oo muhiim ah, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin: * [[Masaajid Cali Gaduud]] * [[Daarusalaam]] * [[Baqdaad]] * [[Faqayaalo]] * Geelgub * Xagarrey * [[Wargaadhi]] == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Nolosha iyo dhaqaalaha dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waxay inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin: * **Xoolo dhaqashada:** Sida geela, lo'da, iyo ariga. * **Beeraha:** Wax soo saarka dalagyada kala duwan ee ku haboon deegaanka. == Taariikhda == Deegaanka wuxuu muhiimad weyn u leeyahay maamulka gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe iyo amniga jidka xiriiriya degmada Cadale iyo deegaanada ku dhow. Sababo la xiriira isbedelladii amniga iyo maamulka ee dhacay sanadkii 2023, deegaanka wuxuu si buuxda u galay gacanta dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya iyo ciidamada deegaanka. == Xigasho == {{reflist}} 1wd81pziihkwxfy6ilim1dooi6m8tkh 299588 299585 2026-06-26T15:39:00Z Abubakarcm20 25378 /* Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada */ 299588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacar | settlement_type = Tuulo ka tirsan Degmada [[Cadale]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|3|04|21|N|46|21|42.1|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} == Hordhac == Burdacaar waa deegaan qadiimi ah oo hoostaga degmo xeebeedka [[Cadale]] ee Gobolka [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] ee koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]]. Wuxuuna qiyaastii 30 km dhanka waqooyi ka xigaa Magaalada [[Cadale]], sidoo kalane wuxuu qiyaastii 160 km dhanka waqooyi bari ka beeganyahay Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] ee caasimadda [[Soomaaliya]]. Burdacaar waa tuulo ku taala bartama wadada dhanka xeebta ah ee isku xirta Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo bariga gobalada [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Galgaduud]] ilaa [[Mudug]]. == Juqraafiga == (List the neighboring villages mentioned in the text here: Masaajid Cali Gaduud, Daarusalaam, Baqdaad, Faqayaalo, Geelgub, Xagarrey, and Wargaadhi). == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waa xoolo dhaqato iyo beeraley. Sidoo kale waxaa deegaankau ka jira ganacsiyo kala duwan. Tuulada iyo deegaanada hoosyimaada waxaa ku nool dad ka badan 50,000 oo qof. == Taariikhda == (Add historical milestones, such as its liberation/transition to Federal government control in early 2023). == Xigasho == {{reflist}} Use code with caution. 3. Link to Other Pages Make the article look professional by linking keywords to their respective Wikipedia pages. Put double square brackets around important words. Change Gobolka Shabeelada Dhexe to [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] Change Muqdisho to [[Muqdisho]] Change Cadale to [[Cadale]] Would you like me to help you write the exact citations for the 2023 political changes in Burdacaar so your edits don't get removed by Wikipedia moderators? Wikipedia Write the section headers around your existing text, replacing the old, unorganized paragraphs. You do not just paste them at the end. How to place the code in "Edit source" (Wax ka badal) Copy and paste the entire block below into the editing box. This template rearranges the existing Burdacaar page information into the correct structural order: wikitext {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacaar | settlement_type = Tuulo / Deegaan | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|2|58|08|N|46|11|11|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} == Hordhac == '''Burdacaar''' waa deegaan ka tirsan [[Gobolka Shabeelada Dhexe]], wuxuuna qiyaastii 30 km u jiraa degmo xeebeedka [[Cadale]] dhanka waqooyi, halka uu [[Muqdisho]] u jiro qiyaastii 160 km dhanka waqooyi-bari. Deegaankau waxuu ku yaalaa bartamaha waddada dheer ee dhanka xeebta marta ee xariirisa Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo gobalada [[Shebeelaha Dhexe]] [[Galgaduud]] ilaa [[Mudug]]. == Juqraafiga == Burdacaar waxay xuduud la leedahay dhowr tuulo iyo deegaan oo muhiim ah, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin: * [[Masaajid Cali Gaduud]] * [[Daarusalaam]] * [[Baqdaad]] * [[Faqayaalo]] * Geelgub * Xagarrey * [[Wargaadhi]] == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Nolosha iyo dhaqaalaha dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waxay inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin: * **Xoolo dhaqashada:** Sida geela, lo'da, iyo ariga. * **Beeraha:** Wax soo saarka dalagyada kala duwan ee ku haboon deegaanka. == Taariikhda == Deegaanka wuxuu muhiimad weyn u leeyahay maamulka gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe iyo amniga jidka xiriiriya degmada Cadale iyo deegaanada ku dhow. Sababo la xiriira isbedelladii amniga iyo maamulka ee dhacay sanadkii 2023, deegaanka wuxuu si buuxda u galay gacanta dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya iyo ciidamada deegaanka. == Xigasho == {{reflist}} os3jvnp5lmlo5kaea7o5a5ier3dmzzi 299589 299588 2026-06-26T15:39:49Z Abubakarcm20 25378 299589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacar | settlement_type = Tuulo ka tirsan Degmada [[Cadale]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|3|04|21|N|46|21|42.1|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} == Hordhac == Burdacaar waa deegaan qadiimi ah oo hoostaga degmo xeebeedka [[Cadale]] ee Gobolka [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] ee koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]]. Wuxuuna qiyaastii 30 km dhanka waqooyi ka xigaa Magaalada [[Cadale]], sidoo kalane wuxuu qiyaastii 160 km dhanka waqooyi bari ka beeganyahay Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] ee caasimadda [[Soomaaliya]]. Burdacaar waa tuulo ku taala bartama wadada dhanka xeebta ah ee isku xirta Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo bariga gobalada [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Galgaduud]] ilaa [[Mudug]]. == Juqraafiga == (List the neighboring villages mentioned in the text here: Masaajid Cali Gaduud, Daarusalaam, Baqdaad, Faqayaalo, Geelgub, Xagarrey, and Wargaadhi). == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waa xoolo dhaqato iyo beeraley. Sidoo kale waxaa deegaankau ka jira ganacsiyo kala duwan. Tuulada iyo deegaanada hoosyimaada waxaa ku nool dad ka badan 50,000 oo qof. == Xigasho == {{reflist}} Use code with caution. 3. Link to Other Pages Make the article look professional by linking keywords to their respective Wikipedia pages. Put double square brackets around important words. Change Gobolka Shabeelada Dhexe to [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] Change Muqdisho to [[Muqdisho]] Change Cadale to [[Cadale]] Would you like me to help you write the exact citations for the 2023 political changes in Burdacaar so your edits don't get removed by Wikipedia moderators? Wikipedia Write the section headers around your existing text, replacing the old, unorganized paragraphs. You do not just paste them at the end. How to place the code in "Edit source" (Wax ka badal) Copy and paste the entire block below into the editing box. This template rearranges the existing Burdacaar page information into the correct structural order: wikitext {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacaar | settlement_type = Tuulo / Deegaan | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|2|58|08|N|46|11|11|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} == Hordhac == '''Burdacaar''' waa deegaan ka tirsan [[Gobolka Shabeelada Dhexe]], wuxuuna qiyaastii 30 km u jiraa degmo xeebeedka [[Cadale]] dhanka waqooyi, halka uu [[Muqdisho]] u jiro qiyaastii 160 km dhanka waqooyi-bari. Deegaankau waxuu ku yaalaa bartamaha waddada dheer ee dhanka xeebta marta ee xariirisa Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo gobalada [[Shebeelaha Dhexe]] [[Galgaduud]] ilaa [[Mudug]]. == Juqraafiga == Burdacaar waxay xuduud la leedahay dhowr tuulo iyo deegaan oo muhiim ah, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin: * [[Masaajid Cali Gaduud]] * [[Daarusalaam]] * [[Baqdaad]] * [[Faqayaalo]] * Geelgub * Xagarrey * [[Wargaadhi]] == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Nolosha iyo dhaqaalaha dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waxay inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin: * **Xoolo dhaqashada:** Sida geela, lo'da, iyo ariga. * **Beeraha:** Wax soo saarka dalagyada kala duwan ee ku haboon deegaanka. == Taariikhda == Deegaanka wuxuu muhiimad weyn u leeyahay maamulka gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe iyo amniga jidka xiriiriya degmada Cadale iyo deegaanada ku dhow. Sababo la xiriira isbedelladii amniga iyo maamulka ee dhacay sanadkii 2023, deegaanka wuxuu si buuxda u galay gacanta dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya iyo ciidamada deegaanka. == Xigasho == {{reflist}} hwnlrbc1oc3xlj08v0pb4zrf9w3a8ju 299591 299589 2026-06-26T15:43:16Z Abubakarcm20 25378 /* Juqraafiga */ 299591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacar | settlement_type = Tuulo ka tirsan Degmada [[Cadale]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|3|04|21|N|46|21|42.1|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} == Hordhac == Burdacaar waa deegaan qadiimi ah oo hoostaga degmo xeebeedka [[Cadale]] ee Gobolka [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] ee koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]]. Wuxuuna qiyaastii 30 km dhanka waqooyi ka xigaa Magaalada [[Cadale]], sidoo kalane wuxuu qiyaastii 160 km dhanka waqooyi bari ka beeganyahay Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] ee caasimadda [[Soomaaliya]]. Burdacaar waa tuulo ku taala bartama wadada dhanka xeebta ah ee isku xirta Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo bariga gobalada [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Galgaduud]] ilaa [[Mudug]]. == Juqraafiga == Deegaannada deriska la ah [[Burdacaar]] waxaa ka mid ah [[Masaajid Cali Guduud]], Daarusalaam, Baqdaad, Faqayaalo, Geelgub, Xagarrey, and Wargaadhi. == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waa xoolo dhaqato iyo beeraley. Sidoo kale waxaa deegaankau ka jira ganacsiyo kala duwan. Tuulada iyo deegaanada hoosyimaada waxaa ku nool dad ka badan 50,000 oo qof. == Xigasho == {{reflist}} Use code with caution. 3. Link to Other Pages Make the article look professional by linking keywords to their respective Wikipedia pages. Put double square brackets around important words. Change Gobolka Shabeelada Dhexe to [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] Change Muqdisho to [[Muqdisho]] Change Cadale to [[Cadale]] Would you like me to help you write the exact citations for the 2023 political changes in Burdacaar so your edits don't get removed by Wikipedia moderators? Wikipedia Write the section headers around your existing text, replacing the old, unorganized paragraphs. You do not just paste them at the end. How to place the code in "Edit source" (Wax ka badal) Copy and paste the entire block below into the editing box. This template rearranges the existing Burdacaar page information into the correct structural order: wikitext {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacaar | settlement_type = Tuulo / Deegaan | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|2|58|08|N|46|11|11|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} == Hordhac == '''Burdacaar''' waa deegaan ka tirsan [[Gobolka Shabeelada Dhexe]], wuxuuna qiyaastii 30 km u jiraa degmo xeebeedka [[Cadale]] dhanka waqooyi, halka uu [[Muqdisho]] u jiro qiyaastii 160 km dhanka waqooyi-bari. Deegaankau waxuu ku yaalaa bartamaha waddada dheer ee dhanka xeebta marta ee xariirisa Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo gobalada [[Shebeelaha Dhexe]] [[Galgaduud]] ilaa [[Mudug]]. == Juqraafiga == Burdacaar waxay xuduud la leedahay dhowr tuulo iyo deegaan oo muhiim ah, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin: * [[Masaajid Cali Gaduud]] * [[Daarusalaam]] * [[Baqdaad]] * [[Faqayaalo]] * Geelgub * Xagarrey * [[Wargaadhi]] == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Nolosha iyo dhaqaalaha dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waxay inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin: * **Xoolo dhaqashada:** Sida geela, lo'da, iyo ariga. * **Beeraha:** Wax soo saarka dalagyada kala duwan ee ku haboon deegaanka. == Taariikhda == Deegaanka wuxuu muhiimad weyn u leeyahay maamulka gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe iyo amniga jidka xiriiriya degmada Cadale iyo deegaanada ku dhow. Sababo la xiriira isbedelladii amniga iyo maamulka ee dhacay sanadkii 2023, deegaanka wuxuu si buuxda u galay gacanta dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya iyo ciidamada deegaanka. == Xigasho == {{reflist}} qy317g2582mdc1gsxzydhqa1hl4o8yg 299593 299591 2026-06-26T15:44:23Z Abubakarcm20 25378 299593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacar | settlement_type = Tuulo ka tirsan Degmada [[Cadale]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|3|04|21|N|46|21|42.1|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} == Hordhac == Burdacaar waa deegaan qadiimi ah oo hoostaga degmo xeebeedka [[Cadale]] ee Gobolka [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] ee koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]]. Wuxuuna qiyaastii 30 km dhanka waqooyi ka xigaa Magaalada [[Cadale]], sidoo kalane wuxuu qiyaastii 160 km dhanka waqooyi bari ka beeganyahay Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] ee caasimadda [[Soomaaliya]]. Burdacaar waa tuulo ku taala bartama wadada dhanka xeebta ah ee isku xirta Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo bariga gobalada [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Galgaduud]] ilaa [[Mudug]]. == Juqraafiga == Deegaannada deriska la ah [[Burdacaar]] waxaa ka mid ah [[Masaajid Cali Guduud]], Daarusalaam, Baqdaad, Faqayaalo, Geelgub, Xagarrey, and Wargaadhi. == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waa xoolo dhaqato iyo beeraley. Sidoo kale waxaa deegaankau ka jira ganacsiyo kala duwan. Tuulada iyo deegaanada hoosyimaada waxaa ku nool dad ka badan 50,000 oo qof. == Hordhac == '''Burdacaar''' waa deegaan ka tirsan [[Gobolka Shabeelada Dhexe]], wuxuuna qiyaastii 30 km u jiraa degmo xeebeedka [[Cadale]] dhanka waqooyi, halka uu [[Muqdisho]] u jiro qiyaastii 160 km dhanka waqooyi-bari. Deegaankau waxuu ku yaalaa bartamaha waddada dheer ee dhanka xeebta marta ee xariirisa Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo gobalada [[Shebeelaha Dhexe]] [[Galgaduud]] ilaa [[Mudug]]. == Juqraafiga == Burdacaar waxay xuduud la leedahay dhowr tuulo iyo deegaan oo muhiim ah, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin: * [[Masaajid Cali Gaduud]] * [[Daarusalaam]] * [[Baqdaad]] * [[Faqayaalo]] * Geelgub * Xagarrey * [[Wargaadhi]] == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Nolosha iyo dhaqaalaha dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waxay inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin: * **Xoolo dhaqashada:** Sida geela, lo'da, iyo ariga. * **Beeraha:** Wax soo saarka dalagyada kala duwan ee ku haboon deegaanka. == Taariikhda == Deegaanka wuxuu muhiimad weyn u leeyahay maamulka gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe iyo amniga jidka xiriiriya degmada Cadale iyo deegaanada ku dhow. Sababo la xiriira isbedelladii amniga iyo maamulka ee dhacay sanadkii 2023, deegaanka wuxuu si buuxda u galay gacanta dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya iyo ciidamada deegaanka. == Xigasho == {{reflist}} 2mfmd9bbl60ashmolnfqdh178lt8nyi 299594 299593 2026-06-26T15:44:56Z Abubakarcm20 25378 299594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacar | settlement_type = Tuulo ka tirsan Degmada [[Cadale]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|3|04|21|N|46|21|42.1|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} == Hordhac == Burdacaar waa deegaan qadiimi ah oo hoostaga degmo xeebeedka [[Cadale]] ee Gobolka [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] ee koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]]. Wuxuuna qiyaastii 30 km dhanka waqooyi ka xigaa Magaalada [[Cadale]], sidoo kalane wuxuu qiyaastii 160 km dhanka waqooyi bari ka beeganyahay Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] ee caasimadda [[Soomaaliya]]. Burdacaar waa tuulo ku taala bartama wadada dhanka xeebta ah ee isku xirta Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo bariga gobalada [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Galgaduud]] ilaa [[Mudug]]. == Juqraafiga == Deegaannada deriska la ah [[Burdacaar]] waxaa ka mid ah [[Masaajid Cali Guduud]], Daarusalaam, Baqdaad, Faqayaalo, Geelgub, Xagarrey, and Wargaadhi. == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waa xoolo dhaqato iyo beeraley. Sidoo kale waxaa deegaankau ka jira ganacsiyo kala duwan. Tuulada iyo deegaanada hoosyimaada waxaa ku nool dad ka badan 50,000 oo qof. == Juqraafiga == Burdacaar waxay xuduud la leedahay dhowr tuulo iyo deegaan oo muhiim ah, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin: * [[Masaajid Cali Gaduud]] * [[Daarusalaam]] * [[Baqdaad]] * [[Faqayaalo]] * Geelgub * Xagarrey * [[Wargaadhi]] == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Nolosha iyo dhaqaalaha dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waxay inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin: * **Xoolo dhaqashada:** Sida geela, lo'da, iyo ariga. * **Beeraha:** Wax soo saarka dalagyada kala duwan ee ku haboon deegaanka. == Taariikhda == Deegaanka wuxuu muhiimad weyn u leeyahay maamulka gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe iyo amniga jidka xiriiriya degmada Cadale iyo deegaanada ku dhow. Sababo la xiriira isbedelladii amniga iyo maamulka ee dhacay sanadkii 2023, deegaanka wuxuu si buuxda u galay gacanta dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya iyo ciidamada deegaanka. == Xigasho == {{reflist}} nscq763t13rirt36gmldrfi2k38070g 299596 299594 2026-06-26T15:46:10Z Abubakarcm20 25378 299596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacar | settlement_type = Tuulo ka tirsan Degmada [[Cadale]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|3|04|21|N|46|21|42.1|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} == Hordhac == Burdacaar waa deegaan qadiimi ah oo hoostaga degmo xeebeedka [[Cadale]] ee Gobolka [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] ee koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]]. Wuxuuna qiyaastii 30 km dhanka waqooyi ka xigaa Magaalada [[Cadale]], sidoo kalane wuxuu qiyaastii 160 km dhanka waqooyi bari ka beeganyahay Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] ee caasimadda [[Soomaaliya]]. Burdacaar waa tuulo ku taala bartama wadada dhanka xeebta ah ee isku xirta Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo bariga gobalada [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Galgaduud]] ilaa [[Mudug]]. == Juqraafiga == Deegaannada deriska la ah [[Burdacaar]] waxaa ka mid ah [[Masaajid Cali Guduud]], Daarusalaam, Baqdaad, Faqayaalo, Geelgub, Xagarrey, and Wargaadhi. == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waa xoolo dhaqato iyo beeraley. Sidoo kale waxaa deegaankau ka jira ganacsiyo kala duwan. Tuulada iyo deegaanada hoosyimaada waxaa ku nool dad ka badan 50,000 oo qof. == Juqraafiga == Burdacaar waxay xuduud la leedahay dhowr tuulo iyo deegaan oo muhiim ah, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin: * [[Masaajid Cali Gaduud]] * [[Daarusalaam]] * [[Baqdaad]] * [[Faqayaalo]] * Geelgub * Xagarrey * [[Wargaadhi]] == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Nolosha iyo dhaqaalaha dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waxay inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin: * **Xoolo dhaqashada:** Sida geela, lo'da, iyo ariga. * **Beeraha:** Wax soo saarka dalagyada kala duwan ee ku haboon deegaanka. == Taariikhda == Deegaanka wuxuu muhiimad weyn u leeyahay maamulka gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe iyo amniga jidka xiriiriya degmada Cadale iyo deegaanada ku dhow. Sababo la xiriira isbedelladii amniga iyo maamulka ee dhacay sanadkii 2023, deegaanka wuxuu si buuxda u galay gacanta dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya iyo ciidamada deegaanka. kui6ys6qfoypoomvs8g90d072y4aj0u 299597 299596 2026-06-26T15:46:44Z Abubakarcm20 25378 299597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacar | settlement_type = Tuulo ka tirsan Degmada [[Cadale]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|3|04|21|N|46|21|42.1|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} == Hordhac == Burdacaar waa deegaan qadiimi ah oo hoostaga degmo xeebeedka [[Cadale]] ee Gobolka [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] ee koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]]. Wuxuuna qiyaastii 30 km dhanka waqooyi ka xigaa Magaalada [[Cadale]], sidoo kalane wuxuu qiyaastii 160 km dhanka waqooyi bari ka beeganyahay Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] ee caasimadda [[Soomaaliya]]. Burdacaar waa tuulo ku taala bartama wadada dhanka xeebta ah ee isku xirta Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo bariga gobalada [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Galgaduud]] ilaa [[Mudug]]. == Juqraafiga == Deegaannada deriska la ah [[Burdacaar]] waxaa ka mid ah [[Masaajid Cali Guduud]], Daarusalaam, Baqdaad, Faqayaalo, Geelgub, Xagarrey, and Wargaadhi. == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waa xoolo dhaqato iyo beeraley. Sidoo kale waxaa deegaankau ka jira ganacsiyo kala duwan. Tuulada iyo deegaanada hoosyimaada waxaa ku nool dad ka badan 50,000 oo qof. == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Nolosha iyo dhaqaalaha dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waxay inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin: * **Xoolo dhaqashada:** Sida geela, lo'da, iyo ariga. * **Beeraha:** Wax soo saarka dalagyada kala duwan ee ku haboon deegaanka. == Taariikhda == Deegaanka wuxuu muhiimad weyn u leeyahay maamulka gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe iyo amniga jidka xiriiriya degmada Cadale iyo deegaanada ku dhow. Sababo la xiriira isbedelladii amniga iyo maamulka ee dhacay sanadkii 2023, deegaanka wuxuu si buuxda u galay gacanta dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya iyo ciidamada deegaanka. 0azbnqsmo5y5ennij8zl9q40xqohleg 299598 299597 2026-06-26T15:47:27Z Abubakarcm20 25378 299598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacar | settlement_type = Tuulo ka tirsan Degmada [[Cadale]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|3|04|21|N|46|21|42.1|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} == Hordhac == Burdacaar waa deegaan qadiimi ah oo hoostaga degmo xeebeedka [[Cadale]] ee Gobolka [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] ee koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]]. Wuxuuna qiyaastii 30 km dhanka waqooyi ka xigaa Magaalada [[Cadale]], sidoo kalane wuxuu qiyaastii 160 km dhanka waqooyi bari ka beeganyahay Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] ee caasimadda [[Soomaaliya]]. Burdacaar waa tuulo ku taala bartama wadada dhanka xeebta ah ee isku xirta Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo bariga gobalada [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Galgaduud]] ilaa [[Mudug]]. == Juqraafiga == Deegaannada deriska la ah [[Burdacaar]] waxaa ka mid ah [[Masaajid Cali Guduud]], Daarusalaam, Baqdaad, Faqayaalo, Geelgub, Xagarrey, and Wargaadhi. == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waa xoolo dhaqato iyo beeraley. Sidoo kale waxaa deegaankau ka jira ganacsiyo kala duwan. Tuulada iyo deegaanada hoosyimaada waxaa ku nool dad ka badan 50,000 oo qof. == Taariikhda == Deegaanka wuxuu muhiimad weyn u leeyahay maamulka gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe iyo amniga jidka xiriiriya degmada Cadale iyo deegaanada ku dhow. Sababo la xiriira isbedelladii amniga iyo maamulka ee dhacay sanadkii 2023, deegaanka wuxuu si buuxda u galay gacanta dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya iyo ciidamada deegaanka. mil2qusiexqmfmq9hl48qrnwt43nkmg 299600 299598 2026-06-26T15:48:29Z Abubakarcm20 25378 /* Juqraafiga */ 299600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacar | settlement_type = Tuulo ka tirsan Degmada [[Cadale]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = | coordinates = {{coord|3|04|21|N|46|21|42.1|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} == Hordhac == Burdacaar waa deegaan qadiimi ah oo hoostaga degmo xeebeedka [[Cadale]] ee Gobolka [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] ee koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]]. Wuxuuna qiyaastii 30 km dhanka waqooyi ka xigaa Magaalada [[Cadale]], sidoo kalane wuxuu qiyaastii 160 km dhanka waqooyi bari ka beeganyahay Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] ee caasimadda [[Soomaaliya]]. Burdacaar waa tuulo ku taala bartama wadada dhanka xeebta ah ee isku xirta Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo bariga gobalada [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Galgaduud]] ilaa [[Mudug]]. == Juqraafiga == Deegaannada deriska la ah [[Burdacaar]] waxaa ka mid ah * [[Masaajid Cali Guduud]] * Daarusalaam * Baqdaad * Faqayaalo * Geelgub * Xagarrey * Wargaadhi. == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waa xoolo dhaqato iyo beeraley. Sidoo kale waxaa deegaankau ka jira ganacsiyo kala duwan. Tuulada iyo deegaanada hoosyimaada waxaa ku nool dad ka badan 50,000 oo qof. == Taariikhda == Deegaanka wuxuu muhiimad weyn u leeyahay maamulka gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe iyo amniga jidka xiriiriya degmada Cadale iyo deegaanada ku dhow. Sababo la xiriira isbedelladii amniga iyo maamulka ee dhacay sanadkii 2023, deegaanka wuxuu si buuxda u galay gacanta dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya iyo ciidamada deegaanka. 01dpv8tmd5h75lpyy3s0ejd9z1xc5o4 299605 299600 2026-06-26T15:56:27Z Abubakarcm20 25378 /* */ 299605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacar | settlement_type = Magaalo | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = 50,000 map_caption = Location of Burdacaar in Somalia | pushpin_map = Somalia | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Burdacaar in Somalia | coordinates = {{coord|3|04|21|N|46|21|42.1|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} == Hordhac == Burdacaar waa deegaan qadiimi ah oo hoostaga degmo xeebeedka [[Cadale]] ee Gobolka [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] ee koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]]. Wuxuuna qiyaastii 30 km dhanka waqooyi ka xigaa Magaalada [[Cadale]], sidoo kalane wuxuu qiyaastii 160 km dhanka waqooyi bari ka beeganyahay Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] ee caasimadda [[Soomaaliya]]. Burdacaar waa tuulo ku taala bartama wadada dhanka xeebta ah ee isku xirta Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo bariga gobalada [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Galgaduud]] ilaa [[Mudug]]. == Juqraafiga == Deegaannada deriska la ah [[Burdacaar]] waxaa ka mid ah * [[Masaajid Cali Guduud]] * Daarusalaam * Baqdaad * Faqayaalo * Geelgub * Xagarrey * Wargaadhi. == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waa xoolo dhaqato iyo beeraley. Sidoo kale waxaa deegaankau ka jira ganacsiyo kala duwan. Tuulada iyo deegaanada hoosyimaada waxaa ku nool dad ka badan 50,000 oo qof. == Taariikhda == Deegaanka wuxuu muhiimad weyn u leeyahay maamulka gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe iyo amniga jidka xiriiriya degmada Cadale iyo deegaanada ku dhow. Sababo la xiriira isbedelladii amniga iyo maamulka ee dhacay sanadkii 2023, deegaanka wuxuu si buuxda u galay gacanta dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya iyo ciidamada deegaanka. jqcvqfj432cqsxw772rvcxup9k4ge6n 299607 299605 2026-06-26T15:57:46Z Abubakarcm20 25378 /* */ 299607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Burdacaar | official_name = Degmada Burdacar | settlement_type = Magaalo | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_caption = Location in Somalia | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Soomaaliya]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Cadale]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | elevation_m = | population_total = 50,000 | pushpin_map = Somalia | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Burdacaar in Somalia | coordinates = {{coord|3|04|21|N|46|21|42.1|E|region:SO|display=inline,title}} | timezone1 = [[EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 }} == Hordhac == Burdacaar waa deegaan qadiimi ah oo hoostaga degmo xeebeedka [[Cadale]] ee Gobolka [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]] ee koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]]. Wuxuuna qiyaastii 30 km dhanka waqooyi ka xigaa Magaalada [[Cadale]], sidoo kalane wuxuu qiyaastii 160 km dhanka waqooyi bari ka beeganyahay Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] ee caasimadda [[Soomaaliya]]. Burdacaar waa tuulo ku taala bartama wadada dhanka xeebta ah ee isku xirta Magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo bariga gobalada [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Galgaduud]] ilaa [[Mudug]]. == Juqraafiga == Deegaannada deriska la ah [[Burdacaar]] waxaa ka mid ah * [[Masaajid Cali Guduud]] * Daarusalaam * Baqdaad * Faqayaalo * Geelgub * Xagarrey * Wargaadhi. == Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada == Dadka ku nool deegaanka Burdacaar waa xoolo dhaqato iyo beeraley. Sidoo kale waxaa deegaankau ka jira ganacsiyo kala duwan. Tuulada iyo deegaanada hoosyimaada waxaa ku nool dad ka badan 50,000 oo qof. == Taariikhda == Deegaanka wuxuu muhiimad weyn u leeyahay maamulka gobolka Shabeellaha Dhexe iyo amniga jidka xiriiriya degmada Cadale iyo deegaanada ku dhow. Sababo la xiriira isbedelladii amniga iyo maamulka ee dhacay sanadkii 2023, deegaanka wuxuu si buuxda u galay gacanta dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya iyo ciidamada deegaanka. 7yancladohtpiosbx90ak9rnegjo5sh 0 37397 299698 246211 2026-06-27T08:33:18Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 299698 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Volodymyr Zelensky (51941720577) (cropped).jpg|thumb]] '''Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy''' (wuxuu dhashay [[25]] [[Janaayo]] 1978) waa [[siyaasi]] Yukreeniyaan ah iyo majaajiliiste hore iyo jilaa kaasoo u soo shaqeeyay madaxweynaha lixaad iyo kan hadda ee Ukraine ilaa 2019. Waxa uu ka dhashay qoys Yuhuudi ah oo Yukreeniyaan ah, Zelenskyy waxa uu ku koray af ruushka u dhashay ee Kryvyi Rih, oo ah magaalo weyn oo ku taal gobolka Dnipropetrovsk ee badhtamaha Ukraine. Kahor shaqadiisa jilitaanka, waxa uu shahaadada sharciga ka qaatay Jaamacadda Dhaqaalaha Qaranka ee Kyiv. Ka dib waxa uu sii watay xirfadda majaajilada, waxaanu abuuray shirkadda wax soo saarka ee Kvartal 95, taas oo soo saartay filimaan, kartoonno, iyo bandhigyo TV oo ay ku jiraan taxanaha TV-ga ee Adeegga Dadka, kaas oo Zelenskyy uu ku ciyaaray doorka madaxweynaha Ukraine. Taxanaha ayaa sii daayey 2015 ilaa 2019 oo si weyn loo jeclaa. Xisbi siyaasadeed oo sita magac la mid ah bandhigga telefishinka ayaa la sameeyay bishii Maarso 2018 shaqaalaha Kvartal 95. Zelenskyy ayaa fiidnimadii 31 December 2018 ku dhawaaqay musharaxnimadiisa doorashada madaxtinimo ee 2019, isaga oo garab socda ciwaanka sanadka cusub ee madaxweynihii xiligaas Petro Poroshenko ee TV-ga 1+1. Isaga oo dibadda ka ah siyaasadda, waxa uu durba ka mid noqday musharixiinta ugu cad cad codbixinta doorashada. Waxa uu ku guuleystay doorashada boqolkiiba 73.23 codadkii la dhiibtay wareegii labaad, isagoo ka guuleystay Poroshenko. Waxa uu isu dhigay nin la dagaallama dawladnimada iyo musuqmaasuqa. Madaxweyne ahaan, Zelenskyy waxa uu ahaa taageere dawladda e-e-dawladda iyo midnimada ka dhaxaysa qaybaha Ukraine iyo Ruushka ee ku hadla dadka waddanka. Qaabkiisa isgaarsiineed wuxuu si weyn u adeegsadaa baraha bulshada, gaar ahaan Instagram-ka. Xisbigiisu waxa uu guul weyn ka soo hooyey doorashadii sharci-dejinta ee degdegga ahayd ee la qabtay wax yar ka dib markii loo dhaariyey xilka madaxweynaha. Intii lagu jiray maamulkiisa, Zelenskyy wuxuu kormeeray qaadista xasaanadda sharciga ah ee xubnaha baarlamaanka (Verkhovna Rada), jawaabta waddanku ka bixiyo masiibada COVID-19 iyo hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee xiga, iyo xoogaa horumar ah oo laga gaaray wax ka qabashada musuqmaasuqa Ukraine. Intii uu ku guda jiray ololihii doorashada madaxtinimo, Zelenskyy waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu soo afjari doono colaadda daba dheeraatay ee Ukraine kala dhexeysa Ruushka, waxa uuna isku dayay in uu wada hadal la galo madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin. Maamulkiisu wuxuu la kulmay xiisadda sii kordheysa ee Ruushka 2021, ugu dambeyntii bilawga duulaanka buuxa ee Ruushka ee Febraayo 2022. Istaraatiijiyada Zelenskyy intii lagu jiray dhisitaanka militariga Ruushka waxay ahayd inuu dejiyo dadweynaha Ukraine oo loo xaqiijiyo beesha caalamka in Ukraine aysan ahayn Ukraine. iyagoo doonaya inay ka aargoostaan. Waxa uu markii hore iska fogeeyay digniinaha dagaal ee soo fool leh, isagoo sidoo kale ku baaqay dammaanad qaad amni iyo taageero milateri oo NATO ay ka hesho “iska caabinta” khatarta. Ka dib bilawgii duulaanka, Zelenskyy wuxuu ku dhawaaqay sharciga dagaalka ee Ukraine oo dhan iyo abaabulka guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida. Hoggaamintiisa intii lagu jiray qalalaasaha ayaa ku kasbaday ammaan ballaaran oo caalami ah, waxaana lagu tilmaamay inuu astaan u ahaa iska caabinta Ukraine. Codbixinta bulshada ayaa Zelenskyy ku qiimeysay inuu yahay madaxweynaha ugu weyn Ukraine. 0j2o1i9vni1nkbl4si2bzyglx4cshb1 299701 299698 2026-06-27T08:39:13Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 299701 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Volodymyr Zelensky (51941720577) (cropped).jpg|thumb]] '''Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy''' (wuxuu dhashay [[25]] [[Janaayo]] [[1978]]) waa [[siyaasi]] Yukreeniyaan ah iyo majaajiliiste hore iyo jilaa kaasoo u soo shaqeeyay madaxweynaha 6aad iyo kan hadda ee [[Yukrayn]] ilaa 2019. Wuxuu uu ka dhashay qoys [[Yuhuudi]] ah oo Yukreeniyaan ah, Zelenskyy waxa uu ku koray af ruushka u dhashay ee Kryvyi Rih, oo ah magaalo weyn oo ku taal gobolka Dnipropetrovsk ee badhtamaha Yukrayn. Kahor shaqadiisa jilitaanka, waxa uu shahaadada sharciga ka qaatay Jaamacadda Dhaqaalaha Qaranka ee Kyiv. Ka dib waxa uu sii watay xirfadda majaajilada, waxaanu abuuray shirkadda wax soo saarka ee Kvartal 95, taas oo soo saartay filimaan, kartoonno, iyo bandhigyo TV oo ay ku jiraan taxanaha TV-ga ee Adeegga Dadka, kaas oo Zelenskyy uu ku ciyaaray doorka madaxweynaha [[Yukrayn]]. Taxanaha ayaa sii daayey [[2015]] ilaa [[2019]] oo si weyn loo jeclaa. Xisbi siyaasadeed oo sita magac la mid ah bandhigga telefishinka ayaa la sameeyay bishii Maarso [[2018]] shaqaalaha Kvartal 95. Zelenskyy ayaa fiidnimadii 31 December 2018 ku dhawaaqay musharaxnimadiisa doorashada madaxtinimo ee 2019, isaga oo garab socda ciwaanka sanadka cusub ee madaxweynihii xiligaas Petro Poroshenko ee TV-ga 1+1. Isaga oo dibadda ka ah siyaasadda, waxa uu durba ka mid noqday musharixiinta ugu cad cad codbixinta doorashada. Waxa uu ku guuleystay doorashada boqolkiiba 73.23 codadkii la dhiibtay wareegii labaad, isagoo ka guuleystay Poroshenko. Waxa uu isu dhigay nin la dagaallama dawladnimada iyo musuqmaasuqa. Madaxweyne ahaan, Zelenskyy waxa uu ahaa taageere dawladda e-e-dawladda iyo midnimada ka dhaxaysa qaybaha Yukrayn iyo Ruushka ee ku hadla dadka waddanka. Qaabkiisa isgaarsiineed wuxuu si weyn u adeegsadaa baraha bulshada, gaar ahaan Instagram-ka. Xisbigiisu waxa uu guul weyn ka soo hooyey doorashadii sharci-dejinta ee degdegga ahayd ee la qabtay wax yar ka dib markii loo dhaariyey xilka madaxweynaha. Intii lagu jiray maamulkiisa, Zelenskyy wuxuu kormeeray qaadista xasaanadda sharciga ah ee xubnaha baarlamaanka (Verkhovna Rada), jawaabta waddanku ka bixiyo masiibada [[KOVID-19]] iyo hoos u dhaca dhaqaale ee xiga, iyo xoogaa horumar ah oo laga gaaray wax ka qabashada musuqmaasuqa Yukrayn. Intii uu ku guda jiray ololihii doorashada madaxtinimo, Zelenskyy waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu soo afjari doono colaadda daba dheeraatay ee Ukraine kala dhexeysa Ruushka, waxa uuna isku dayay in uu wada hadal la galo madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin. Maamulkiisu wuxuu la kulmay xiisadda sii kordheysa ee Ruushka [[2021]], ugu dambeyntii bilawga duulaanka buuxa ee [[Ruushka]] ee [[Febraayo]] 2022. Istaraatiijiyada Zelenskyy intii lagu jiray dhisitaanka militariga Ruushka waxay ahayd inuu dejiyo dadweynaha Ukraine oo loo xaqiijiyo beesha caalamka in Ukraine aysan ahayn Ukraine. iyagoo doonaya inay ka aargoostaan. Waxa uu markii hore iska fogeeyay digniinaha dagaal ee soo fool leh, isagoo sidoo kale ku baaqay dammaanad qaad amni iyo taageero milateri oo [[NATO]] ay ka hesho “iska caabinta” khatarta. Ka dib bilawgii duulaanka, Zelenskyy wuxuu ku dhawaaqay sharciga dagaalka ee Ukraine oo dhan iyo abaabulka guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida. Hoggaamintiisa intii lagu jiray qalalaasaha ayaa ku kasbaday ammaan ballaaran oo caalami ah, waxaana lagu tilmaamay inuu astaan u ahaa iska caabinta Yukrayn. Codbixinta bulshada ayaa Zelenskyy ku qiimeysay inuu yahay madaxweynaha ugu weyn Yukrayn. hw33jc3pkcut3owf13pe1nl1j6jllp4 0 40145 299696 261129 2026-06-27T08:30:49Z Videoiib7 46243 Added links 299696 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kooxda kubbada cagta qaranka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti''' ( {{lang-rus|сбо́рная СССР по футбо́лу|r=sbórnaya SSSR po futbólu}} &#x3A;<span data-ve-ignore="true"> </span><span data-ve-ignore="true" title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">сбо́рная СССР по футбо́лу</span></span> [[Category:Articles containing Russian-language text]] <span data-ve-ignore="true">,</span> <small data-ve-ignore="true">tr.</small><span data-ve-ignore="true"> </span><span data-ve-ignore="true" title="Russian-language text">''sbórnaya SSSR ee futbólu''</span> [[Category:Articles containing Russian-language text]] ) wuxuu ahaa kooxdii [[Kubadda Cagta|kubbadda cagta]] qaranka ee [[Midowga Sofiyet|Midowgii Soofiyeeti]] intii u dhaxaysay 1922-1992. Ka dib kala jabkii Ururkii kooxda waxaa loo bedelay kooxda kubbadda cagta qaranka ee CIS . [[FIFA]] waxay u tixgelisaa kooxda kubbadda cagta qaranka ee CIS (iyo ugu dambeyntii, [[Waddanka Russia Kubedka|kooxda kubbadda cagta qaranka ee Ruushka]] ) inay yihiin kooxdii ka dambaysay ee Soofiyeedka oo u qoondaysay rikoorkoodii hore (marka laga reebo rikoodhada Olombikada oo aan la isku darin sababtoo ah siyaasadda IOC); Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tiro badan oo ka mid ah ciyaartoydii hore ee kooxda ayaa ka yimid meel ka baxsan Ruushka SFSR, gaar ahaan Ukrain SSR, iyo ka dib burburkii Midowgii Soofiyeeti, qaar sida Andrei Kanchelskis oo ka soo jeeda Yukreeniyaan SSR hore, ayaa sii waday inuu ka ciyaaro Ruushka cusub. xulka qaranka kubada cagta. [[File:Soviet_Union_football_team_1925_(Ankara,_Turkey).jpg|thumb|Ciyaartoyda Soofiyeetiga ee la asaasay sanadkii 1923]] Midowgii Soofiyeeti ayaa ku guuldareystay inay u soo baxdo [[Koobka Adduunka]] labo jeer oo keliya, 1974 iyo 1978, waxaana ay ka qeyb galeen todobada koob ee finalka guud ahaan. Dhammaadkii ugu wacnaa waxa ay ahayd 1966 kii, markii ay &#x2013; kaga badiyeen West Germany semi-finalka. Midowgii Soofiyeeti ayaa u soo baxay shan koob oo Yurub ah, isagoo ku guuleystay tartankii ugu horreeyay ee 1960-kii markaasoo ay finalka ku garaaceen [[Kooxda kubbada cagta qaranka Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]], &#x2013; . Waxay ku dhameysteen kaalinta labaad seddex jeer ( 1964, 1972, 1988 ), iyo afaraad hal mar ( 1968 ), markii, markii ay barbardhac la galeen Italy semi-finalkii, waxaa loo diray booska seddexaad ee ciyaaraha isreebreebka markii laga badiyay lacag qadaadiic ah . Xulka qaranka Midowgii Soofiyeeti waxa kale oo ay ka qaybgaleen dhawr tartan oo Olombikada ah oo ay ku muteysteen bilada dahabka ee 1956 iyo 1988 . Kooxda Soofiyeeti waxay sii wadeen inay ciyaartoydeeda xulkooda ku ciyaaraan tartamada Olombikada inkasta oo ay mamnuucday FIFA 1958-kii in ay ciyaaraan ciyaartoy kasta oo heer qaran ah ciyaaraha Olombikada (Ciyaartoyda Olombikada ayaa looga baahan yahay inay noqdaan hiwaayadda wakhtigaas, Soofiyeedka si wax ku ool ah ayey u xoojiyeen shuruucda iyagoo taxaya. ciyaartoydooda ugu fiican ee ciidamada). p47194z73xt3kutxp0t80616f0ueaes 299697 299696 2026-06-27T08:31:57Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 299697 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kooxda kubbada cagta qaranka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti''' ( {{lang-rus|сбо́рная СССР по футбо́лу|r=sbórnaya SSSR po futbólu}} &#x3A;<span data-ve-ignore="true"> </span><span data-ve-ignore="true" title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">сбо́рная СССР по футбо́лу</span></span> [[Category:Articles containing Russian-language text]] <span data-ve-ignore="true">,</span> <small data-ve-ignore="true">tr.</small><span data-ve-ignore="true"> </span><span data-ve-ignore="true" title="Russian-language text">''sbórnaya SSSR ee futbólu''</span> [[Category:Articles containing Russian-language text]] ) wuxuu ahaa kooxdii [[Kubadda Cagta|kubbadda cagta]] qaranka ee [[Midowga Sofiyet|Midowgii Soofiyeeti]] intii u dhaxaysay 1922-1992. Ka dib kala jabkii Ururkii kooxda waxaa loo bedelay kooxda kubbadda cagta qaranka ee CIS . [[FIFA]] waxay u tixgelisaa kooxda kubbadda cagta qaranka ee CIS (iyo ugu dambeyntii, [[Waddanka Russia Kubedka|kooxda kubbadda cagta qaranka ee Ruushka]] ) inay yihiin kooxdii ka dambaysay ee Soofiyeedka oo u qoondaysay rikoorkoodii hore (marka laga reebo rikoodhada Olombikada oo aan la isku darin sababtoo ah siyaasadda IOC); Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tiro badan oo ka mid ah ciyaartoydii hore ee kooxda ayaa ka yimid meel ka baxsan Ruushka SFSR, gaar ahaan Ukrain SSR, iyo ka dib burburkii Midowgii Soofiyeeti, qaar sida Andrei Kanchelskis oo ka soo jeeda Yukreeniyaan SSR hore, ayaa sii waday inuu ka ciyaaro Ruushka cusub. xulka qaranka kubada cagta. [[File:Soviet_Union_football_team_1925_(Ankara,_Turkey).jpg|thumb|Ciyaartoyda Soofiyeetiga ee la asaasay sanadkii 1923]] Midowgii Soofiyeeti ayaa ku guuldareystay inay u soo baxdo [[Koobka Adduunka]] labo jeer oo keliya, 1974 iyo 1978, waxaana ay ka qeyb galeen todobada koob ee finalka guud ahaan. Dhammaadkii ugu wacnaa waxa ay ahayd 1966 kii, markii ay &#x2013; kaga badiyeen [[Jarmalka Dimuqraadiga]] semi-finalka. Midowgii Soofiyeeti ayaa u soo baxay shan koob oo Yurub ah, isagoo ku guuleystay tartankii ugu horreeyay ee 1960-kii markaasoo ay finalka ku garaaceen [[Kooxda kubbada cagta qaranka Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]], &#x2013; . Waxay ku dhameysteen kaalinta labaad seddex jeer ( 1964, 1972, 1988 ), iyo afaraad hal mar ( 1968 ), markii, markii ay barbardhac la galeen Italy semi-finalkii, waxaa loo diray booska seddexaad ee ciyaaraha isreebreebka markii laga badiyay lacag qadaadiic ah . Xulka qaranka Midowgii Soofiyeeti waxa kale oo ay ka qaybgaleen dhawr tartan oo Olombikada ah oo ay ku muteysteen bilada dahabka ee 1956 iyo 1988 . Kooxda Soofiyeeti waxay sii wadeen inay ciyaartoydeeda xulkooda ku ciyaaraan tartamada Olombikada inkasta oo ay mamnuucday FIFA 1958-kii in ay ciyaaraan ciyaartoy kasta oo heer qaran ah ciyaaraha Olombikada (Ciyaartoyda Olombikada ayaa looga baahan yahay inay noqdaan hiwaayadda wakhtigaas, Soofiyeedka si wax ku ool ah ayey u xoojiyeen shuruucda iyagoo taxaya. ciyaartoydooda ugu fiican ee ciidamada). 4o5pyhigugo8nxemwa2c3fqzwvauc12 0 41188 299651 278578 2026-06-26T21:11:59Z Clysmatic 46251 I dunno 299651 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hooyo mataalo''', ama '''Say Wallahi bro No way Say Wallahi holly tectonic reference. Bro sum mfs be goonin crazy bout this shi ✌️😭''' ({{lang-en|''Fob''}};) ({{lang-en|''freshie''}};) ({{lang-en|''fresh off boat''}};) waa erey ku saleysan baaqa "[[nidar]]-bixinta", micnaheedu tahay "wallaahi dheh", ee loogu magacdaro qof qurbaha ku barbaaray. Qofkaa waxaa sidoo kale lagu tilmaami karaa "af-soomaali fiican laakiin aan ahayn asaloow" si loo sharaxo qof si wanaagsan ugu hadla luuqad, laakiin aan lagu korin luuqaddaas. Codka iyo duruufaha erayadan lagu isticmaalo waxay saameyn ku yeelan karaan sida loo fahmo, sidaa darteed waxaa muhiim ah in la tixgeliyo. Haddii oraahyo guud ahaan lo isticmaalo hooro mataalo, ereygaas waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa si taban si loo sharraxo dabeecado, dhadhan dhar, iyo hab-dhaqameed gaar ah, sida in la xirto dhar isboorti oo qaali ah, koofiyadaha, iyo dahab. Waxaa kale oo lagu xiriiriyaa dabeecadaha af-suuq iyo inay farac xayrta dhalin xaafada ugu dhaqmaan halka ay diiradda saari lahaayeen waxbarashada ama shaqada xirfadeed. Ereyga "hooy mataalo" wuxuu leeyahay macne taban wuxuuna inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu muujiyo xeerar bulshada iyo in lagu dhiso fikrado xun oo ku saabsan dadka, taasoo saameyn ku yeelan karta kalsoonida dadka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isticmaalka ereyadan waxay noqon kartaa mid xadgudub ah oo xun, sababtoo ah waxay dadku u keenaysaa in lagu qiimeeyo oo lagu miisaamo hal dhinac oo aan si fiican loo fahmin. <ref> Katharine Charsley; Marta Bolognan (3 March 2016). "Being a freshie is (not) cool: stigma, capital and disgust in British Pakistani stereotypes of new subcontinental migrants". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 40: 43–62. doi:10.1080/01419870.2016.1145713. hdl:1983/8613307c-f20b-4ff9-83d2-ea05b1b3ff7e.</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Dhaqanka Soomaalida]] ni3n2v8rm76ca4t1b4zubl5hoakwyfb 299652 299651 2026-06-26T21:12:13Z Icodense 23631 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/Clysmatic|Clysmatic]] ([[User talk:Clysmatic|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Girligaanshub|Girligaanshub]] 278578 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hooyo mataalo''', ama '''Say Wallahi''' ({{lang-en|''Fob''}};) ({{lang-en|''freshie''}};) ({{lang-en|''fresh off boat''}};) waa erey ku saleysan baaqa "[[nidar]]-bixinta", micnaheedu tahay "wallaahi dheh", ee loogu magacdaro qof qurbaha ku barbaaray. Qofkaa waxaa sidoo kale lagu tilmaami karaa "af-soomaali fiican laakiin aan ahayn asaloow" si loo sharaxo qof si wanaagsan ugu hadla luuqad, laakiin aan lagu korin luuqaddaas. Codka iyo duruufaha erayadan lagu isticmaalo waxay saameyn ku yeelan karaan sida loo fahmo, sidaa darteed waxaa muhiim ah in la tixgeliyo. Haddii oraahyo guud ahaan lo isticmaalo hooro mataalo, ereygaas waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa si taban si loo sharraxo dabeecado, dhadhan dhar, iyo hab-dhaqameed gaar ah, sida in la xirto dhar isboorti oo qaali ah, koofiyadaha, iyo dahab. Waxaa kale oo lagu xiriiriyaa dabeecadaha af-suuq iyo inay farac xayrta dhalin xaafada ugu dhaqmaan halka ay diiradda saari lahaayeen waxbarashada ama shaqada xirfadeed. Ereyga "hooy mataalo" wuxuu leeyahay macne taban wuxuuna inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu muujiyo xeerar bulshada iyo in lagu dhiso fikrado xun oo ku saabsan dadka, taasoo saameyn ku yeelan karta kalsoonida dadka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isticmaalka ereyadan waxay noqon kartaa mid xadgudub ah oo xun, sababtoo ah waxay dadku u keenaysaa in lagu qiimeeyo oo lagu miisaamo hal dhinac oo aan si fiican loo fahmin. <ref> Katharine Charsley; Marta Bolognan (3 March 2016). "Being a freshie is (not) cool: stigma, capital and disgust in British Pakistani stereotypes of new subcontinental migrants". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 40: 43–62. doi:10.1080/01419870.2016.1145713. hdl:1983/8613307c-f20b-4ff9-83d2-ea05b1b3ff7e.</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Dhaqanka Soomaalida]] 5q9sregqr561u11pf6bhx25o0oxbni4 0 47963 299488 2026-06-26T12:01:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webi Tsitsikamma | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Laga soo qaatay afka [[Khoekhoe language|Khoekhoe]] ''tjisi'', oo macnaheedu yahay toban, iyo ''ǁamma'', oo macnaheedu yahay biyo. Macnayaasha kale waa 'meel biyo badan' iyo 'biyaha ayaa bilaabma'.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Dictionary of Southern African Place Names]</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka Webi Tsitsikamma ku yaalla <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Eastern Cape]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Tsitsikamma Mountains|Buuraleyda Tsitsikamma]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|600|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Huisklip Beach]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|34|03|35|S|22|14|33|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Tsitsikamma''' ({{langx|af|Tsitsikammarivier}}) waa webi yar oo ku yaalla dhinaca galbeed ee xeebta [[Eastern Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Wuxuu qayb ka yahay [[Fish to Tsitsikama Water Management Area|Aagga Maareynta Biyaha ee Fish ilaa Tsitsikama]].<ref>[http://www.mosselbay.gov.za/about_us Mossel Bay Municipality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921042953/http://www.mosselbay.gov.za/about_us |date=2011-09-21 }}</ref> ==Koorsada== Waa webi yar oo joogto ah kaas oo ilo-biyoodkiisu ay ku yaallaan [[Tsitsikamma Mountains|Buuraleyda Tsitsikamma]]. Bilowgii wuxuu u qulqulaa dhinaca koonfureed, ka dibna wuxuu u qulqulaa dhinaca koonfur-bari, isagoo u siman xeebta inta badan koorsadiisa, wuxuuna u leexdaa dhinaca koonfur-galbeed kaliya 3 km meel u jirta afkiisa [[Huisklip Beach]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA15FishTsitsikamma.jpg Fish/Tsitsikamma WMA 15]</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Tsitsikamma National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Tsitsikamma]] * [[List of rivers of South Africa|Liiska webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] * [[List of reservoirs and dams in South Africa|Liiska kaydadka iyo biyo-xireennada Koonfur Afrika]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [http://www.sanparks.org/parks/garden_route/ Beerta Qaranka ee Tsitsikamma] *[https://albanymuseum.blogspot.com/2010/07/tsitsikamma-river-research.html Cilmi-baarista Webiga Tsitsikamma] r3otzdulx4gxlp6drp1lumqm36hzaa7 0 47964 299489 2026-06-26T12:03:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webi Tsitsa | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = iTsitsa | name_etymology = ''Tsitsa'' oo macnaheedu yahay 'in la soo dhibciyo' ama 'in la soo dhuubo' afka [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]], taasoo tilmaamaysa roobka iyo barafka ku soo dhacaya jiirarka Drakensberg<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Dictionary of Southern African Place Names]</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka Webi Tsitsa ku yaalla <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Eastern Cape]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Drakensberg]] | source1_location = Koonfur-bari ee [[Rhodes, Eastern Cape|Rhodes]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|30|58|S|28|3|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|2550|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Mzimvubu River|Webiga Mzimvubu]] | mouth_location = Koonfur-bari ee [[Qumbu]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|31|17|52|S|29|13|32|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|183|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = [[Pot River|Webiga Pot]], [[Mooi River (Eastern Cape)|Webiga Mooi]], [[Inxu River|Webiga Inxu]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Tsitsa''' ({{langx|af|Tsitsarivier}}; {{langx|xh|iTsitsa}}) waa webi ku yaalla gobolka [[Eastern Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waa mid ka mid ah gacan-biyoodyada [[Mzimvubu River|Webiga Mzimvubu]] wuxuuna ka tirsan yahay [[Mzimvubu to Keiskamma Water Management Area|Aagga Maareynta Biyaha ee Mzimvubu ilaa Keiskamma]]. ==Koorsada== Tsitsa wuxuu ka soo burqadaa [[Drakensberg]] 15 km koonfur-bari ee [[Rhodes, Eastern Cape|Rhodes]], qiyaastii 80 km galbeed ka xigta [[Mount Frere]], wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhinaca bari. Biyo-dhaca Tsitsa (Tsitsa Falls) wuxuu ku yaallaa qaybtiisa sare, bartamaha aag buuraley ah oo aad u qurux badan. Isagoo leexanaya oo u qulqulaya dhinaca koonfureed dhowr mayl, webigu wuxuu maraa bari ka xigta [[Maclear, Eastern Cape|Maclear]], ka hor inta uusan mar kale u leexan dhinaca bari. Ugu dambayntii wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Mzimvubu River|Webiga Mzimvubu]] isagoo maraya dooxooyin webi oo qoto dheer qiyaastii 36 km koonfur-bari ee [[Qumbu]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA12MzimvubuKeiskamma.jpg Mzimbuvu to Keiskamma WMA 12]</ref> Gacan-biyoodyadiisa waaweyn waa [[Mooi River (Tsitsa)|Webiga Mooi]], [[Inxu River|Webiga Inxu]] (Wildebeesrivier) iyo [[Pot River|Webiga Pot]]. Webiga Tsitsa wuxuu ahaan jiray qayb ka mid ah xadka galbeed ee [[Transkei]]-dii hore. Hadda Tsitsa waa meel caan ku ah [[whitewater kayaking|doon-ka-wadista biyaha xawaaraha leh]].<ref>[https://liquidbeta.blogspot.com/2008/02/tsitsa-river-transkei-south-africa.html Tsitsa River, Transkei - South Africa]</ref> ==Biyo-xireennada ku yaalla aagga== Waxaa jira biyo-xireenno yar yar oo kaliya oo ku yaalla aagga weysada Webiga Tsitsa. [[Maclear Dam|Biyo-xireenka Maclear]] ee Webiga Mooi wuxuu biyo siiyaa magaalada [[Maclear, Eastern Cape|Maclear]] iyo [[Ugie Dam|Biyo-xireenka Ugie]] ee Webiga Wildebeest wuxuu biyo siiyaa magaalada [[Ugie, Eastern Cape|Ugie]].<ref>[http://drupal6dev15.econsultant.co.za/sites/psdp.ecprov.gov.za/files/Elundini%20LM%20SDF_Nov07.pdf Elundini Local Municipality Spatial Development Framework]</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[List of rivers of South Africa|Liiska webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] * [[List of reservoirs and dams in South Africa|Liiska kaydadka iyo biyo-xireennada Koonfur Afrika]] * [[Mzimvubu River|Webiga Mzimvubu]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240716073023/http://www.reservoir.co.za/catchments/kromdraai/mooi%20river%20forum/mooi_documents/mooi_river_tor_aug2007.pdf Mooi River Forum] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120412034446/http://www.encounter.co.za/boskop-dam-nature-reserve.html Boskop Dam Nature Reserve, South Africa] e37jygajlizcw4tn8mjq4isf4owysfl 0 47965 299490 2026-06-26T12:05:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webi Tarka | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Umncumuba | name_etymology = ''Tarka'' oo u badan in ay ka dhigan tahay 'meel ay dumar badan joogaan' afka [[Khoekhoe language|Khoekhoe]]. Magaca [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]] ee ''Umncumuba'' wuxuu ka dhigan yahay '[[Salix mucronata|geedka willow]]'<ref>{{Cite book |last=P E Raper - HSRC |url=http://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames |title=Dictionary of Southern African Place Names}}</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Isku darka Webiyada Tarka iyo Great Fish <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Eastern Cape]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Bamboesberg]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Great Fish River|Webiga Great Fish]] | mouth_location = [[Isku darka]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|32|18|53|S|25|43|30|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|815|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Tarka''' waa webi ku yaalla [[Eastern Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Isaga oo ay weheliyaan Webiga [[Baviaans River|Baviaans]], Webiga [[Grootbrak River|Grootbrak]] iyo Webiga [[Kat River|Kat]], waa mid ka mid ah gacan-biyoodyada bari ee waaweyn ee [[Great Fish River|Webiga Great Fish]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Transactions of the Geological Society of London |publisher=Geological Society of London |year=1856 |page=[https://archive.org/details/transactionsgeo01londgoog/page/n73 57] |url=https://archive.org/details/transactionsgeo01londgoog |quote=tarka river. |accessdate=11 January 2010 }}</ref> [[Lake Arthur Dam|Biyo-xireenka Lake Arthur]] iyo [[Kommandodrif Dam|Biyo-xireenka Kommandodrif]] ayaa ku yaalla webigan. Kan dambe wuxuu ku jiraa [[Commando Drift Nature Reserve|Kaydka Dabeecadda ee Commando Drift]]. Webiga Tarka wuxuu ka mid yahay [[Fish to Tsitsikama]] [[Water Management Area|Aagga Maareynta Biyaha]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA15FishTsitsikamma.jpg Fish to Tsitsikama WMA 15]</ref> ==Taariikhda== Asalka suurtagalka ah ee magaca wuxuu ka yimid afka [[Khoekhoe]] oo leh ereyo ay ka mid yihiin ''taras'' ama ''tra'', oo macnaheedu yahay 'naag' ama 'webiga gabdhaha'.<ref name="Stan01">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/standardencyclop0010unse |title=Standard encyclopaedia of Southern Africa / 10 Sle - Tun |publisher=Nasou |year=1974 |isbn=978-0-625-00326-6 |location=Cape Town |pages=561}}</ref> ==Koorsada== Laga soo bilaabo ilahiisa, wuxuu u qulqulaa dhinaca bari isagoo maraya Willowmore, ka dibna koonfurta wuxuu maraa Toorwaterpoort ee Anysberg ka dibna wuxuu ku biirayaa [[Olifants River (Southern Cape)|Webiga Olifants]].<ref name=Stan01/> ==Ilaha== Webigu wuxuu leeyahay isha uu ka soo burqado oo ah 900 mitir gudaha buuraleyda [[Swartberg]].<ref name=Stan01/> ==Watershed== Wuxuu leeyahay aag weysada oo qiyaastii dhan {{Convert|2000|km2|abbr=on}} iyadoo roobku u dhexeeyo {{Convert|120 and 250|mm|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Stan01/> ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[https://www.dws.gov.za/Documents/Other/WMA/15/FishSundaysISPFeb05ap.pdf Fish to Sundays: Internal Strategic Perspective] guvwk776vnemf4yh8umeg7jwi0q4069 0 47966 299491 2026-06-26T12:07:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Webiga Swartkops|native_name=<!-- {{native name|<tag>|<name>}} or {{native name list |tag1=<tag>|name1=<name> |tag2=<tag>|name2=<name> ... }} -->|name_other=|name_etymology=|nickname=<!---------------------- IMAGE-->|image=File:ISS018-E-7074 - View of South Africa.jpg|image_size=|image_caption=Muuqaalka Koonfur Afrika oo laga soo qaaday [[ISS Expedition 18]], 2008|image_alt=<!---------------------- MAPS -->|map=|map_size=|map_caption=|map_alt=|pushpin_map=|pushpin_map_size=|pushpin_map_caption=|pushpin_map_alt=<!---------------------- LOCATION -->|subdivision_type1=|subdivision_name1=|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=|subdivision_type5=|subdivision_name5=<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->|length=|width_min=|width_avg=|width_max=|depth_min=|depth_avg=|depth_max=|discharge1_location=|discharge1_min=|discharge1_avg=|discharge1_max=<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->|source1=|source1_location=|source1_coordinates=<!-- {{Coord|...}} -->|source1_elevation=|mouth=|mouth_location=|mouth_coordinates={{coord|-33.8633|25.6294|type:landmark_globe:earth|display=title,inline}}<!-- {{Coord|...|display=inline,title}} -->|mouth_elevation=|progression=|river_system=|basin_size=|basin_landmarks=|basin_population=|tributaries_left=|tributaries_right=|waterbodies=|waterfalls=|bridges=|ports=|custom_label=|custom_data=|extra=}} '''Webiga Swartkops''', sidoo kale '''Webiga Zwartskop''', ([[Afrikaans]]: ''buuro madow'') waa marin biyo ku yaalla gobolka [[Eastern Cape]] ee dalka [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]].<ref name="geohydrology">{{cite thesis |last=Maclear |first=Limont Gordon Alexander |title=The Geohydrology of the Swartkops River Basin - Uitenhage Region, Eastern Cape |url=https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/26081/Maclear_geohydrology_1996_1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |date=March 1996 |degree=Master of Science |publisher=[[University of Cape Town]]}}</ref> Isha Webiga Swartkops waxay u dhowdahay [[Cockscombe Mountain (South Africa)|Buurta Cockscombe]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Protecting Our Estuary |url=https://www.zwartkopsconservancy.org/phone/about.html |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=Zwartkops Conservancy}}</ref> wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhinaca bari ilaa [[Algoa Bay]] ee [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] ee [[Bluewater Bay, South Africa|Bluewater Bay]], meel ka baxsan [[Gqeberha]].<ref name="geohydrology" /> Labadiisa gacan-biyood ee ugu waaweyn waa [[Kwa-Zunga River|Webiga Kwa-Zunga]] oo dhinaca waqooyi ah iyo [[Elands River (Swartkops)|Webiga Elands]] oo dhinaca koonfureed ah.<ref name="geohydrology" /> Webiga waxaa sidoo kale ku quudiya [[Motherwell Canal|Kanaalka Motherwell]], [[Markman Canal|Kanaalka Markman]], iyo [[Chatty River|Webiga Chatty]], kuwaas oo sidoo kale ah ilo [[water pollution|wasakhaynta biyaha]].<ref name=":0" /> [[Groendal Dam|Biyo-xireenka Groendal]] ee webiga ayaa la dhisay 1933. Weysada Swartzkops waxay la jiiftaa Uitenhage Artesian Basin.<ref name="geohydrology" /> Webigu wuxuu la ildaran yahay wasakhaynta bulaacada, qashinka, iyo ubaxa algae-ga.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-30 |title= Behind the Herald Headlines with Daron Mann: Swartkops Estuary pollution reaches crisis level |url=https://www.heraldlive.co.za/amp/multimedia/2022-03-30-listen-swartkops-estuary-pollution-reaches-crisis-level/ |access-date=2022-12-17 |work=[[The Herald (South Africa)]] |language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} bsrqv710hgeydolwixywb1s3fo4nw27 0 47967 299494 2026-06-26T12:10:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Swart | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afku ku yaallo Koonfur Afrika <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = Koonfur Afrika | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Western Cape]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = waqooyi ee [[Caledon, Western Cape|Caledon]] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Swart''' wuxuu ka soo burqadaa meel u dhow [[Caledon, Western Cape|Caledon]], [[Western Cape]], Koonfur Afrika, wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed, halkaas oo uu ku biiro [[Bot River|Webiga Bot]] waqooyi ka xigta [[Hermanus]]. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[List of rivers of South Africa|Liiska webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] * [[List of dams in South Africa|Liiska biyo-xireennada Koonfur Afrika]] * [[List of drainage basins of South Africa|Liiska weysada biyaha Koonfur Afrika]] * [[Water Management Areas|Aagagga Maareynta Biyaha]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} 32x7840s4uz3rg7h2uxwx200tgo38k7 0 47968 299495 2026-06-26T12:13:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Mzimvubu | name_other = {{native name|xh|Umzimvubu River}} | name_etymology = Waxay ka dhigan tahay "meesha [[hippopotamus|jeerka]]" afka Xhosa<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.salanguages.com/munnames.htm|title=South African Languages &#124; Place names|website=www.salanguages.com}}</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = IY188 pg018 THE MOUTH OF THE UMZIMVUBU 'GATES' OF ST JOHN'S RIVER, NATAL.jpg | image_size = 300px | image_caption = Mzimvubu "gates" | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka Webiga Mzimvubu ku yaallo <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of South Africa|Gobol]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Eastern Cape Province|Gobolka Eastern Cape]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|250|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Drakensberg]], [[Eastern Cape]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|2050|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Port St. Johns]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|31|37|S|29|32|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|19853|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = [[Kinira River (Mzimvubu)|Kinira]], [[Thina River|Thina]], [[Tsitsa River|Tsitsa]] | tributaries_right = [[Mzintlava River|Mzintlava]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Mzimvubu''' ama '''Webiga Umzimvubu''' waa mid ka mid ah webiyada ugu muhiimsan [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa|title=myfundi.co.za|website=myfundi.co.za}}</ref> Wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Eastern Cape Province|Gobolka Eastern Cape]]. ==Koorsada== Webigu wuxuu isha ku leeyahay gobolka waqooyi ee Eastern Cape, aagga [[Matatiele Local Municipality|Matatiele]] iyo [[Mount Fletcher]] oo u dhow xadka [[Lesotho]]. Mzimvubu wuxuu ku qulqulaa leexashooyin iyo qalloocyo guud ahaan jihada koonfur-bari wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] isagoo maraya doox aad u qurux badan oo loo yaqaan "Gates of St John" ilaa [[estuary|af-webi]] ku yaalla [[Port St. Johns]]. Wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii 400 km oo leh aag weysada oo dhan 19,853 km².<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverECMzimvubu/defaultmain.htm |title=vn Rivers - Mzimvubu river |access-date=2012-03-26 }}</ref> Inkastoo uu yahay mid ka mid ah webiyada waaweyn ee Koonfur Afrika, Mzimvubu iyo weysadiisu inta badan waa kuwo aan horumarin. Waqtigan xaadirka ah webigani waa qayb ka mid ah [[Mzimvubu to Keiskamma Water Management Area|Aagga Maareynta Biyaha ee Mzimvubu ilaa Keiskamma]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext|title=Is there a role for traditional governance systems in South Africa's new water management regime?|first1=Farai|last1=Kapfudzaruwa|first2=Merle|last2=Sowman|date=13 October 2009|journal=Water SA|volume=35|issue=5|pages=683–692|doi=10.4314/wsa.v35i5.49195 |via=SciELO|doi-access=free}}</ref> ==Taariikhda== Sannadkii 1635 markabkii [[Portuguese Empire|Boortaqiiska]] 'Nossa Senhora de Belem' ayaa ku xayirmay afka Webiga Mzimvubu.<ref>[http://www.mpondokingdom.co.za/history.html Mpondo Kingdom - The History of The Kingdom]</ref> Webiga Mzimvubu wuxuu u qaybiyaa [[Pondoland]] bariga iyo galbeedka Pondoland.<ref>[http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06082007-090102/unrestricted/01chapter1.pdf Contributions to the ecology of Maputaland, Southern Africa]</ref> Horey afka webiga waxaa loo isticmaali jiray deked, laakiin hawshan ayaa la joojiyay 1940-meeyadii markii af-webigu uu aad u qoto-dheeraaday maraakiibta waaweyn sababo la xiriira [[siltation|dhoobo-uruurinta]] iyo xaqiiqda ah in mararka qaarkood ciiddu ay xirto iridda. Waqtigan xaadirka ah af-webigu waa mid la mari karo oo kaliya maraakiibta yaryar qiyaastii 10 km oo kor u qaada webiga.<ref name="Paradise">van der Merwe, E. and Costello, K. ''Port St. Johns, "Paradise in Pondoland" (2nd edition)''.</ref> ==Gacan-biyoodyada== Gacan-biyoodyada ugu waaweyn ee Webiga Mzimvubu waa [[Tsitsa River|Webiga Tsitsa]], [[Thina River|Webiga Thina]] (Tina), [[Kinira River (Mzimvubu)|Webiga Kinira]] iyo [[Mzintlava River|Webiga Mzintlava]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA12MzimvubuKeiskamma.jpg Mzimbuvu to Keiskamma WMA 12]</ref> ==Deegaanka== Qaar ka mid ah kalluunka laga qabto biyahiisa waa [[Rainbow trout|Oncorhynchus mykiss]], oo ah [[introduced species|nooc la soo geliyay]], [[Barbus anoplus]] iyo [[Anguilla mossambica]]; kuwa kale, sida [[Micropterus salmoides]] iyo [[Cyprinus carpio]], waa [[invasive species|noocyo duullaan ah]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/froc.asp FROC - Reference frequency of occurrence of fish species in South Africa]</ref> [[Bull shark|Shark-ga Bull-ka]] ayaa inta badan yimaada biyaha waxaana la og yahay inay ku tarmaan webiga waxayna ku xiran yihiin weeraro taxane ah oo ka dhacay xeebaha u dhow.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thesardine.co.za/sharks-and-sound-at-port-st-johns-second-beach/|title=Sharks and Sound at Port St Johns Second Beach|first=John|last=Costello|date=4 September 2023}}</ref> Hindisayaasha maareynta weysada ee qaybta sare ee webiga waxaa ka mid ah Barnaamijka Iskaashiga Weysada Umzimvubu, kaas oo ay aasaaseen Environmental and Rural Solutions iyo [[Conservation South Africa|Conservation Koonfur Afrika]].<ref>{{cite report |title=Umzimvubu Catchment Partnership |publisher=WWF South Africa |url=https://wwfafrica.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/umzimvubu-wsp-factsheet.pdf?54825%2Fumzimvubu-catchment-partnership= |format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Umzimvubu Catchment Partnership Programme |url=https://biodiversityinvestment.environment.gov.za/umzimvubu-catchment-partnership-programme |website=Biodiversity Sector Investment Portal |publisher=South African Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[List of rivers of South Africa|Liiska webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] * [[List of estuaries of South Africa|Liiska af-webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] * [[Port St. Johns]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist|2}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category}} *[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/ecape_04/MZIMVUBU%20RIVER%20SPRING%20SURVEY.pdf Mzimvubu River Spring Survey] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120324002847/http://routes.co.za/ec/portstjohns/index.html Routes, Eastern Cape - Port St Johns] *[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext Is there a role for traditional governance systems in South Africa's new water management regime?] {{Authority control}} 6p4iu8i94ai981lm17sya7vggcxigf7 0 47969 299496 2026-06-26T12:15:48Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Mthatha | native_name = {{native name|xh|'mtathe Bawo}} | native_name_lang = | name_other = Webiga Umtata | name_etymology = [[Sneeze-wood|Geedaha Sneeze-wood]] ''(Ptaeroxylon obliquum)'' oo ka baxa xeebaha webiga<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Dictionary of Southern African Place Names]</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Coffee Bay.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = meel u dhow halka uu Webiga Mthatha kula kulmo Badweynta Hindiya | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka Webiga Mthatha ku yaallo <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of South Africa|Gobol]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Eastern Cape Province|Gobolka Eastern Cape]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|250|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Baziya Range]], [[Eastern Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|1500|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Coffee Bay]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|31|56|S|29|11|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|2600|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Mthatha''' ama '''Webiga Umtata''' ({{langx|xh|<nowiki>'</nowiki>mtathe Bawo}}) waa webi ku yaalla [[Eastern Cape Province|Gobolka Eastern Cape]] ee dalka [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Webigu wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] isagoo maraya [[estuary|af-webi]] ku yaalla meel u dhow [[Coffee Bay]]. Webiga Mthatha wuxuu u qulqulaa jihada koonfur-bari wuxuuna dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii 250 km oo leh aag weysada oo dhan 2,600 km{{sup|2}}. Magaalada [[Mthatha|Mthatha]] (Umtata) ayaa loogu magac daray.<ref>[http://www.ewisa.co.za/literature/files/458%20Kululwa.pdf Mthatha River System - 2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407163947/http://www.ewisa.co.za/literature/files/458%20Kululwa.pdf |date=2016-04-07 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Niba|first1=AS|last2=Mafereka|first2=SP|date=2015-04-03|title=Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage composition and distribution pattern in the upper Mthatha River, Eastern Cape, South Africa|journal=African Journal of Aquatic Science|volume=40|issue=2|pages=133–142|doi=10.2989/16085914.2015.1028323|bibcode=2015AfJAS..40..133N |s2cid=84022844|issn=1608-5914}}</ref> Gacan-biyoodyadiisa ugu waaweyn waa [[Ngqungqu River|Webiga Ngqungqu]] iyo [[Cicira River|Webiga Cicira]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA12MzimvubuKeiskamma.jpg Mzimbuvu to Keiskamma WMA 12]</ref> Webiga Mthatha wuxuu calaamad u yahay xadka koonfureed ee gobolka [[Pondoland]].<ref>[http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06082007-090102/unrestricted/01chapter1.pdf Contributions to the ecology of Maputaland, Southern Africa]</ref> ==Biyo-xireennada== Waqtigan xaadirka ah webigani waa qayb ka mid ah [[Mzimvubu to Keiskamma Water Management Area|Aagga Maareynta Biyaha ee Mzimvubu ilaa Keiskamma]].<ref>[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext Is there a role for traditional governance systems in South Africa's new water management regime?]</ref> *[[Mthatha Dam|Biyo-xireenka Mthatha]] *[[Mabeleni Dam|Biyo-xireenka Mabeleni]] == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[List of rivers of South Africa|Liiska webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] * [[List of estuaries of South Africa|Liiska af-webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] * [[List of dams and reservoirs in South Africa|Liiska biyo-xireennada iyo kaydadka Koonfur Afrika]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/ecape_04/State_of_Rivers_Report_No_14_Mthatha_River_System_2008.pdf The Ecological Health of the Mthatha River] *[https://www.flickr.com/photos/kalinith/5180612175/ 180° view of Mthatha River Mouth] *[https://ir.sun.ac.za/cib/handle/123456789/828 Invasive alien plants along Mthatha river] {{Authority control}} elt6eqj1is50evctui2jp4sipplb7cj 0 47970 299497 2026-06-26T12:17:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Krom | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Krommerivier | name_etymology = Laga soo qaatay "qalooc" afka [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = St Francisbaai.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Krom, [[St Francis Bay]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka Webiga Krom ku yaallo <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of South Africa|Gobol]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Eastern Cape Province|Gobolka Eastern Cape]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|109|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Tsitsikamma Mountains]], [[Eastern Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|800|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Kouga Local Municipality|Sea Vista]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|34|08|37|S|24|50|40|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|1085|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Krom''' ama '''Webiga Kromme''' ({{langx|af|Krommerivier}}) waa webi ku yaalla [[Eastern Cape Province|Gobolka Eastern Cape]] ee dalka [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Webigu wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] isagoo maraya [[estuary|af-webi]] ku yaalla dhinaca waqooyi ee [[Kouga Local Municipality|St Francis Bay]], galbeedka [[Port Elizabeth]]. Webiga Krom wuxuu u qulqulaa jihada ESE wuxuuna dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii 109 km oo leh aag weysada oo dhan 1,085 km{{sup|2}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA15FishTsitsikamma.jpg |title=Fish to Tsitsikamma WMA 15 |access-date=28 March 2012 }}</ref> [[Churchill Dam|Biyo-xireenka Churchill]] iyo [[Impofu Dam|Biyo-xireenka Impofu]] waa biyo-xireenno ku yaalla Webiga Krom. Kan dambe wuxuu ku yaallaa meel u dhow [[Humansdorp]]. Waqtigan xaadirka ah webigani waa qayb ka mid ah [[Fish to Tsitsikama Water Management Area|Aagga Maareynta Biyaha ee Fish ilaa Tsitsikama]]. ==Deegaanka== Sannadkii 1995 muunado ka mid ah [[Cape galaxias|Cape galaxias]] ''(Galaxias zebratus)'', oo ah nooc kalluunka Koonfur Afrika ah oo [[Endemism|u gaar ah]] [[Cape Floristic Region]], ayaa laga helay Webiga Krom. Ilaa markaas waxaa loo malaynayay in qaybintiisu ay ku koobnayd aagga u dhexeeya [[Keurbooms River|Keurbooms]] iyo [[Olifants River (Western Cape)|Webiga Olifants]].<ref>[http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/frswicthy/galaxias.htm Freshwater Ichthyology - The Cape galaxias Galaxias zebratus]</ref> Inkastoo Koonfur Afrika kalluunkan jilicsan loo kala saaray oo kaliya [[near threatened|ku dhow halis]], gudaha [[Australia]] noocyo ka mid ah isku-genus-ka ayaa loo horseeday [[extinction|baabi'in]] iyadoo ay kula tartameen [[salmonid|salmonids]] iyo [[introduced species|noocyo kale oo kalluun ah oo la soo geliyay]].<ref>[http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/m&g/mg1.htm "Biodiversity, Alien trout, and the So what attitude"]</ref> Tan iyo bilowgii 2021 waxaa webiga ku sugnaa tiro badan oo shark-ga bull-ka ah. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[List of rivers of South Africa|Liiska webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] * [[List of estuaries of South Africa|Liiska af-webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/8816/0 IUCN Red List - Galaxias zebratus] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120918221604/http://wetlands.sanbi.org/resource.php?id=62 Working for Wetlands - Krom River] 03o1t27nj90t6mxbqkmtdnhvt5cfgdb 0 47971 299500 2026-06-26T12:20:19Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Kouga | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = 'bada badan' (hippos) afka [[Khoekhoe language|Khoekhoe]]<ref>{{cite book |first=Peter Edmund |last=Raper |title=Dictionary of Southern African Place Names |location=Johannesburg |publisher=Lowry |year=1987 |isbn=0947042067 |url=https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt}}</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Eastern Cape]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Gamtoos River|Webiga Gamtoos]] | mouth_location = Isku-taga [[Groot River (Eastern Cape)|Webiga Groot]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|33|44|45|S|24|36|55|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|90|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Kouga''' wuxuu ka soo jeedaa meel u dhow [[Uniondale, Western Cape|Uniondale]], [[Eastern Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]], wuxuuna u qulqulaa bari, halkaas oo uu kula kulmo [[Groot River (Eastern Cape)|Webiga Groot]] si uu u sameeyo [[Gamtoos River|Webiga Gamtoos]] wixii ka dambeeya [[Kouga Dam|Biyo-xireenka Kouga]]. Gacan-biyoodkiisa ugu weyn waa [[Baviaanskloof River|Webiga Baviaanskloof]], kaas oo ku biira bangigiisa bidix ka hor biyo-xireenka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA15FishTsitsikamma.jpg |title=Fish to Tsitsikamma WMA 15 |access-date=2012-03-28 }}</ref> Kouga waa qayb ka mid ah nidaamka webiga Gamtoos kaas oo ay sameeyeen Groot iyo Webiga Baviaanskloof.<ref>[http://www.ru.ac.za/static/institutes/iwr//wetland/data/GamtoosSYSTEM/GamtoosSystemReport.pdf Catchment L, the Gamtoos River System]</ref> [[Kouga Mountains|Buuraha Kouga]] oo ku yaalla waqooyiga webiga, [[Kouga Municipality|Degmada Kouga]] iyo [[Kou-Kamma Municipality|Degmada Kou-Kamma]] ayaa loogu magac daray biyahan. ==Deegaanka== Sannadkii 1995 muunado ka mid ah [[Cape galaxias|Cape galaxias]] (''Galaxias zebratus''), oo ah nooc kalluunka Koonfur Afrika ah oo [[endemism|u gaar ah]] [[Cape Floristic Region]], ayaa laga helay Kouga iyo [[Krom River|Webiga Krom]]. Ilaa markaas waxaa loo malaynayay in qaybintiisu ay ku koobnayd aagga u dhexeeya [[Keurbooms River|Keurbooms]] iyo [[Olifants River (Western Cape)|Webiga Olifants]].<ref>[http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/frswicthy/galaxias.htm Freshwater Ichthyology - The Cape galaxias Galaxias zebratus]</ref> Inkastoo Koonfur Afrika kalluunkan jilicsan loo kala saaray oo kaliya [[near threatened|ku dhow halis]], gudaha [[Australia]] noocyo ka mid ah isku-genus-ka ayaa loo horseeday [[extinction|baabi'in]] iyadoo ay kula tartameen [[salmonid|salmonids]] iyo [[introduced species|noocyo kale oo kalluun ah oo la soo geliyay]].<ref>[http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/m&g/mg1.htm "Biodiversity, Alien trout, and the So what attitude"]</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[List of rivers of South Africa|Liiska webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] * [[List of dams in South Africa|Liiska biyo-xireennada Koonfur Afrika]] * [[List of drainage basins of South Africa|Liiska weysada biyaha ee Koonfur Afrika]] * [[Water Management Areas|Aagagga Maareynta Biyaha]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/ Hydrology] * [http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/frswicthy/galaxias.htm Freshwater Ichthyology] l33pzzdlt29xe9gmrsc8ppmjrqq5aeg 0 47972 299501 2026-06-26T12:22:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Komani | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Komanirivier | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka Webiga Komani ku yaallo <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of South Africa|Gobol]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Eastern Cape Province|Gobolka Eastern Cape]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Stormberg District|Stormberg]] | source1_location = [[Eastern Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|1400|m|abbr=on}} | source_confluence = [[Swart-Kei River|Swart-Kei]] / [[Wit-Kei River|Wit-Kei]] | source_confluence_location = | source_confluence_coordinates= | source_confluence_elevation = | mouth = Isku-taga [[Klaas Smits River|Webiga Klaas Smits]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|31|58|1|S|26|50|05|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1020|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Komani''', waa webi ka mid ah nidaamka [[Great Kei River|Webiga Great Kei]] ee ku yaalla [[Eastern Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waa webi gaaban oo ka soo bilaabma waqooyiga [[Queenstown, Eastern Cape|Queenstown]] kuna biira [[Klaas Smits River|Webiga Klaas Smits]], wax yar ka koonfurta isla magaaladaas.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA12MzimvubuKeiskamma.jpg Mizimbuvu to Keiskamma WMA 12]</ref> [[Bongolo Dam (South Africa)|Biyo-xireenka Bongolo]], wuxuu ku yaallaa Webiga Komani. Waqtigan xaadirka ah webigani waa qayb ka mid ah [[Mzimvubu to Keiskama Water Management Area|Aagga Maareynta Biyaha ee Mzimvubu ilaa Keiskama]].<ref>[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext Is there a role for traditional governance systems in South Africa's new water management regime?]</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Great Kei River|Webiga Great Kei]] * [[List of rivers of South Africa|Liiska webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] ==Tixraacyo== <references /> ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928050034/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/estuary/catch/greatkei.html SA Estuarine Land-cover: Great Kei Catchment] *[http://www.wildcoast.co.za/node/112 Towns of historical interest in the 'kei] obd0kkkom9qutzyq6lln70gqybuz5hs 0 47973 299502 2026-06-26T12:24:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Klipplaat | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = ''Klipplaat River'' | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka Webiga Klipplaat ku yaallo <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Eastern Cape]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Amatola Mountains|Buuraha Amatola]] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = Isku-taga [[Black Kei River|Webiga Black Kei]] | mouth_location = Meel u dhow Tuulada McBride | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|32|5|15|S|26|49|14|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = Brakkloofspruit | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Klipplaat''' waa [[webi]] ku yaalla [[Eastern Cape Province|Gobolka Eastern Cape]] ee dalka [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Willian |first=Ken |title=TROUT IN THE KLIPPLAAT |url=https://www.piscator.co.za/CPS2/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/2.-Trout-in-the-Klipplaat-Ken-Willan-Monde-Mayekiso-1987.pdf |journal=Zoology Department, Fort Hare University, Alice, Ciskei}}</ref> ==Koorsada== Isha Webiga Klipplaat oo dhererkiisu yahay {{Convert|150|km}} waxay ku taallaa [[Amathole Mountains|Buuraha Amathole]] (buuraha ugu dhaadheer ee ka tirsan [[Ciskei|Ciskei-gii hore]]) meel u dhow [[Cathcart]]. Webigu wuxuu dabadeed dhex maraa daldaloolada Amathole wuxuuna u qulqulaa guud ahaan jihada waqooyi-galbeed, isagoo maraya magaalada [[Whittlesea, Eastern Cape|Whittlesea]] ee ku taallay [[Ciskei|Ciskei-gii hore]] ka hor inta uusan ku biirin bangiga midig ee [[Black Kei River|Webiga Black Kei]] 22 km koonfurta [[Queenstown, Eastern Cape|Queenstown]]. Webiga Black Kei wuxuu u qulqulaa guud ahaan bari ugu dambeyntiina wuxuu ku biiraa [[Wit-Kei River|Webiga Wit-Kei]], si uu u noqdo [[Great Kei River|Webiga Great Kei]]. ===Biyo-xireennada=== * [[Waterdown Dam|Biyo-xireenka Waterdown]] ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[List of rivers in South Africa|Liiska webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} 9be2f73jaz27iferli1a5rorr0z97gq 0 47974 299504 2026-06-26T12:26:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Keiskamma | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Keiskammarivier | name_etymology = Waxay ka dhigan tahay "biyo macaan" afka [[Khoekhoe language|Khoekhoe]] <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = View of KKH from hill.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = aragti guud ee [[Keiskammahoek]] halkaas oo ay ka bilaabmaan ilaha Webiga Keiskamma | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka Webiga Keiskamma ku yaallo <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of South Africa|Gobol]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Eastern Cape Province|Gobolka Eastern Cape]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|160|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = Meel u dhow [[Keiskammahoek]] | source1_location = [[Amatola Mountains|Buuraha Amatola]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|1500|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = Meel u dhow [[Hamburg, Eastern Cape|Hamburg]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|33|17|0|S|27|29|20|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = [[Tyhume River|Tyhume]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Keiskamma''' ({{langx|af|Keiskammarivier}}) waa webi ku yaalla [[Eastern Cape Province|Gobolka Eastern Cape]] ee dalka [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Webigu wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] gudaha af-webiga Keiskamma, oo ku yaalla Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Hamburg, meel u dhow [[Hamburg, Eastern Cape|Hamburg]],<ref>[http://www.ecparks.co.za/downloads/Hamburg%20SMP_%20October%202006.pdf Integrated Management Plan for the Hamburg Nature Reserve]</ref> oo u dhaxaysa [[East London, Eastern Cape|East London]] iyo [[Port Alfred]]. Keiskamma wuxuu marka hore u qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed ka dibna koonfur-bari ka dib markuu la kulmo gacan-biyoodkiisa ugu weyn, [[Tyhume River|Webiga Tyhume]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/estuary/catch/keiskamma.html |title=South African Estuaries - Keiskamma |access-date=26 March 2012 }}</ref> Webiga Keiskamma wuxuu calaamadeeyay xuduudda u dhexaysa [[Cape Province]] iyo kii hore ee British [[Kaffraria]], oo sidoo kale markaas loo yiqiin Gobolka Queen Adelaide, ilaa 1847.<ref>[http://cape-slavery-heritage.iblog.co.za/2010/02/08/the-kat-river-rebellion-by-the-khoe-and-cape-creole-in-the-eastern-cape/ The Kat River Rebellion by the Khoe and Cape Creoles in the Eastern Cape]</ref> Waqtigan xaadirka ah webigani waa qayb ka mid ah [[Mzimvubu to Keiskamma Water Management Area|Aagga Maareynta Biyaha ee Mzimvubu ilaa Keiskamma]].<ref>[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext Is there a role for traditional governance systems in South Africa's new water management regime?]</ref> ==Deegaanka== Waxaa jira dad tiro yar oo ka mid ah kalluunka [[endangered|halista ugu jira]] ee [[Eastern Province rocky]] ''(Sandelia bainsii)'' oo ku nool [[Tyhume River|Webiga Tyhume]], kaas oo qayb ka ah weysada webiga Keiskamma.<ref>[http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/19889/all Sandelia bainsii]</ref> ==Biyo-xireennada== *[[Sandile Dam|Biyo-xireenka Sandile]] == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[List of rivers of South Africa|Liiska webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] * [[List of estuaries of South Africa|Liiska af-webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[http://www.climanet.uni-oldenburg.de/research/study-regions/keiskamma-river Keiskamma River Catchment (South Africa)] *[http://www.wildcoast.co.za/node/112 Towns of historical interest in the 'kei] *[http://cape-slavery-heritage.iblog.co.za/category/kat-river-rebellion/ Cape slavery heritage] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140301114040/http://eng.hrosi.org/show_pic.php?name=obr%2F0729.jpg&popisek=The+carcass+of+Huberta%2C+the+Keiskamma+River+%28Apr%26nbsp%3B1931%29 The carcass of Huberta, the Keiskamma River Hippopotamus (Apr 1931)] m0z2hzazf0fh16u21gmtonlqoenvlvo 0 47975 299505 2026-06-26T12:30:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Kat | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = ''Katrivier'' | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Eastern Cape | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu Webiga Kat ku yaallo ee Eastern Cape <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Eastern Cape]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|150|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Winterberg, Eastern Cape]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|32|34|17|S|26|45|34|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Great Fish River|Webiga Great Fish]], [[Eastern Cape]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|32|59|44|S|26|47|5|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Kat''' ({{langx|af|Katrivier}}) waa gacan-biyood ka mid ah [[Great Fish River|Webiga Great Fish]], kaas oo ka daadiya bannaanka koonfureed ee [[Winterberg, Eastern Cape|Winterberg]] ee [[Eastern Cape Province|Gobolka Eastern Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. ==Etimooloji== Kat, oo macnaheedu yahay "bisad", waa tarjumad laga soo qaatay ereyga [[Khoekhoe language|Khoekhoen]] ee "huncu", kaas oo u muuqda inuu u jeeday [[Southern African wildcat|bisadaha duurjoogta ah]] ee aagga.<ref name=raper>{{cite web |title=Dictionary of Southern African Place Names (Public Domain) |url=https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames |publisher=Human Science Research Council |page=242}}</ref> Waxay magaceeda siisay [[Katberg]], [[Katberg Pass|marinka Katberg]] iyo [[Khoikhoi#The Kat River settlement (1829–1856) and the Khoi in the Cape Colony|Degitaanka Webiga Kat]]. ==Koorsada iyo ka faa'iidaysiga== Webiga Kat oo dhererkiisu yahay {{Convert|150|km}} wuxuu ka soo bilowdaa 30 km waqooyiga [[Fort Beaufort]]<ref name=raper/> ee bannaanka Katberg ee Winterberg. Meesha ay isku beegan yihiin {{coord|32|59|44|S|26|47|5|E}} wuxuu sameeyaa gacan-biyood waqooyi oo ka mid ah [[Great Fish River|Webiga Great Fish]], waqooyi-bari ee Fort Brown<ref name=raper/> iyo koonfurta [[Hamburg, Eastern Cape|Hamburg]]. Wuxuu siiyaa Dooxada Webiga Kat biyo waraab oo loogu talagalay beero [[citrus]] ah oo waaweyn, wuxuuna siiyaa [[Seymour, Eastern Cape|Seymour]] iyo Fort Beaufort biyo gurriyeed. ;Biyo-xireennada * [[Katrivier Dam|Biyo-xireenka Katrivier]] ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[List of rivers in South Africa|Liiska webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} t1fr2vty3tzw5f6y7dkkmtnq14vtyrc 0 47976 299506 2026-06-26T12:32:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Kariega | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Tyelerha, Karuiga, Karuka | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Kariega River mouth.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Afka Webiga ee [[Kenton-on-Sea]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka Webiga Kariega ku yaallo <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of South Africa|Gobol]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Eastern Cape]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalooyin | subdivision_name5 = [[Kenton-on-Sea]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|138|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Kenton-on-Sea]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Eastern Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Kenton-on-Sea]], [[Eastern Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|33|40|56|S|26|41|00|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|685|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Kariega''' ({{langx|af|Kariegarivier}}) wuxuu ku yaallaa gobolka [[Eastern Cape]] ee dalka [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Webigu wuxuu ka bilaabmaa 24 kiiloomitir galbeedka [[Grahamstown]] waxaana lagu gartaa qulqulkiisa oo aan joogto ahayn. Wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] isagoo maraya [[estuary|af-webi]].<ref>[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502008000500009&script=sci_arttext Biological responses to a resumption in river flow in a freshwater-deprived, permanently open Southern African estuary]</ref> == Asalka magaca == [[Image:Raphicerus campestris detail head.jpg|thumb| [[Steenbok]] ama anteloobka Kariega]] Macnaha saxda ah ee magaca Kariega lama garanayo, laakiin waxaa laga yaabaa inuu ka yimid luqadda [[Khoekhoe|Khoikhoi]]. Khoikhoi waxay ka mid ahaayeen dadkii ugu horreeyay ee deggan gobolka Cape. In kasta oo farcankoodu ay weli ku nool yihiin aagga, luqaddooda waxaa looga hadlaa oo kaliya qaybo ka mid ah [[Northern Cape]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ereyo badan oo Khoikhoi ah ayaa weli loo isticmaalaa meelo kala duwan oo Koonfur Afrika ah, oo ay ku jiraan magaalada [[Garden Route]] ee [[Knysna]], oo macnaheedu yahay "fern," iyo [[Cango Caves]], Cango oo macnaheedu yahay "buur qoyan." Sawirro godad ah oo laga helay meel u dhow webiga ayaa muujinaya duurjoogta deegaanka, oo ay ku jiraan [[Steenbok|Steenbok]]. == Webiyada kale ee Kariega == Gobolka Eastern Cape, waxaa jira saddex Webiga Kariega. '''Kariega iyo Biyo-xireenka Beervlei''' Webiga Kariega wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Beervlei Dam|Biyo-xireenka Beervlei]] waqooyiga [[Willowmore]]. Magaca webigan wuxuu u muuqday qaabab dhowr ah, oo ay ku jiraan Kariega iyo Karuka, khubaraduna waxay ku soo gabagabeeyeen in Kariega ay tahay qaabka ka duqsan, iyadoo loola jeedo maroodi. Webiga waxaa loogu yeeri jiray Buffels, ama Buffalo, dadkii ugu horreeyay ee Yurubiyaan ah ee dega aagga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilo dhowr ah ayaa sheeganaya in magacu macnihiisu yahay 'steenbok,' oo aan ku salaysnayn cilmi-luqadeed laakiin ku salaysan joogitaanka anteloobka ee aagga. '''Kariega iyo Webiga Sundays''' Webiga Kariega waa gacan-biyood ka mid ah [[Sundays River|Webiga Sundays]].<ref>[http://www.ru.ac.za/static/institutes/iwr//wetland/data/Sundays/SUNDAYSreport.pdf Catchment N40 - The Sundays River]</ref> Inta badan koorsadiisa, wuxuu maraa Steenbok Flats. Iyada oo ku saleysan caddaymo luqadeed iyo tirada badan ee steenbok ee aaggan, khubaradu waxay dareensan yihiin in kiiskan Kariega uu tixraacayo 'steenbok'. '''Kariega iyo Webiga Great Fish''' Webiga Kariega, oo isha ku haya dhul-sareedka 20 kiiloomitir waqooyiga [[Somerset East]], ayaa sidoo kale ah gacan-biyood ka mid ah [[Great Fish River|Webiga Great Fish]]. ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[http://www.kariega.co.za Kariega Game Reserve] nw4tr73r2b41u9i7n96wrei4xxxc508 0 47977 299507 2026-06-26T12:36:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Gamtoos | native_name = {{native_name|xh|Xelexwa}} | name_other = Gamtoosrivier | name_etymology = Waxay u badan tahay inay ka timid qabiil [[Khoikhoi]] ah oo magacooda ay bixiyeen dadkii hore ee [[Netherlands|Dutch]] oo ay ugu magacdareen "Gamtousch" <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = South Africa-Eastern Cape-Gamtoos River01.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Gamtoos oo u dhow halka uu ku shubmo [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] oo u dhexeeya [[Port Elizabeth]] iyo [[Jeffreys Bay]], iyadoo buundada R102 ay ka muuqato xagga hore iyo buundada N2 oo xagga dambe ah. | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu afka Webiga Gamtoos ku yaallo <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = {{RSA}} | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Eastern Cape]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{convert|645|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = _ | source1_location = | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = | source_confluence = [[Kouga River|Webiga Kouga]] / [[Groot River (Eastern Cape)|Webiga Groot]] | source_confluence_location = | source_confluence_coordinates = {{coord|33|44|45|S|24|36|55|E|display=inline}} | source_confluence_elevation = {{convert|90|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = St. Francis Bay, [[Eastern Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|33|58|8.75|S|25|1|58.08|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|34635|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-length_km = 30 }} [[Image:South Africa-Eastern Cape-Gamtoos Valley-Alluvial Gravel01.jpg|thumb|right|290px|Muuqaalka Enon Conglomerate oo ay sameeyeen dhigaalka webiga ee Dooxada Gamtoos, oo ku yaalla R331 oo u dhexeeya [[Patensie]] iyo [[Kouga Dam|Biyo-xireenka Kouga]]]] '''Webiga Gamtoos''' ama '''Webiga Gamptoos''' waa webi ku yaalla [[Eastern Cape Province|Gobolka Eastern Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waxaa sameeyay isku-taga [[Kouga River|Webiga Kouga]] iyo [[Groot River (Eastern Cape)|Webiga Groot]] wuxuuna dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii {{convert|645|km}} iyadoo aagga uu biyaha ka helo uu yahay {{convert|34635|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA15FishTsitsikamma.jpg |title=Fish to Tsitsikamma WMA 15 |access-date=2012-03-28 |archive-date=2017-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630195400/http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA15FishTsitsikamma.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Koorsada== Nidaamka webiga Gamtoos waxaa sameeyay webiyada Groot, Kouga iyo [[Baviaanskloof River|Baviaanskloof]]. Kani waa gacan-biyood ka mid ah Kouga.<ref>[http://www.ru.ac.za/static/institutes/iwr//wetland/data/GamtoosSYSTEM/GamtoosSystemReport.pdf Catchment L, the Gamtoos River System] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222080910/http://www.ru.ac.za/static/institutes/iwr/wetland/data/GamtoosSYSTEM/GamtoosSystemReport.pdf |date=2014-12-22 }}</ref> In kasta oo roobabka ku da'a aagga ay biyaha ka helaan ay yar yihiin, waxay taageertaa beeraha waraabka ganacsiga ee aagga hoose, halkaas oo laga beero [[orange (fruit)|liin bambeelmo]], [[tobacco|tubako]], [[citrus|liin]] iyo [[vegetable|khudaar]]. [[Estuary|Af-webiga]] halka uu webiga Gamtoos ku shubmo [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] wuxuu ku yaallaa inta u dhaxaysa [[Jeffreys Bay]] iyo [[Port Elizabeth]] halkaas oo ay ku taallo Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Af-Webiga Gamtoos. Magaalooyinka [[Hankey]], oo ah magaalada ugu da'da weyn ee ku taalla dooxada webiga Gamtoos, iyo [[Patensie]] waxay ku yaallaan aagga hoose. Gudaha gudaha waxaa ku yaalla magaalooyinka [[Steytlerville]], [[Joubertina]], [[Uniondale, South Africa|Uniondale]], [[Willowmore]] iyo [[Murraysburg]]. Gacan-biyoodyada waxaa ka mid ah Webiga Loerie, Webiga Klein, Webiga Hol, marka laga reebo Groot iyo Kouga oo sameeya Gamtoos. ==Taariikh== [[Saartjie Baartman]] - "Hottentot Venus" - waxay ku dhalatay qiyaastii [[1789 in South Africa|1789]] meel u dhow webiga Gamtoos. Sannadkii 1877 intii lagu jiray [[drought|abaar]] daran oo ka dhacday gobolka, Webiga Gamtoos wuu guryoobay gabi ahaanba.<ref name="sellick-125">{{cite book|last=Sellick|first=W.S.J.|title=Uitenhage, past and present : souvenir of the Centenary, 1804-1904 |year=1904 | url= https://archive.org/details/uitenhagepastpre00sell |pages=125}}</ref> Intii lagu jiray fatahaadihii Oktoobar 1867, sida uu qabo [[John Croumbie Brown]], heerka biyaha ee qaybo ka mid ah webiga wuxuu kor u kacay ilaa {{convert|70|ft|m|abbr=on|disp=flip}}.<ref name="brown-125">{{cite book|last=Brown|first=John Croumbie|title=Water supply of South Africa, and facilities for the storage of it|publisher=Edinburgh, Oliver & Boyd|year=1877|pages=125|chapter=III - Supply of water as affected by rivers|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/watersupplyofsou00browrich#page/125/mode/1up|accessdate=2009-11-23}}</ref> Labo buundo ayaa ka gudba Gamtoos oo u dhow halka uu ku shubmo [[Kouga Local Municipality|Kouga]]. Buundadii asalka ahayd ee {{convert|600|ft|m|adj=on|disp=flip}} ee [[R102 road (South Africa)|R102]] waxaa la furay 1895 si loogu beddelo markabkii yar ee la isticmaali jiray ilaa wakhtigaas.<ref name="sellick-186.187">{{cite book|last=Sellick|first=W.S.J.|title=Uitenhage, past and present : souvenir of the Centenary, 1804-1904|year=1904|url=https://archive.org/details/uitenhagepastpre00sell|pages=186, 187}}</ref> Buundo casri ah oo laami ah ayaa la dhisay intii lagu jiray dhismaha [[N2 road (South Africa)|N2]] horraantii 1970-yadii. ==Biyo-xireennada ku yaalla weysada== Waqtigan xaadirka ah webigani waa qayb ka mid ah [[Fish to Tsitsikama Water Management Area|Aagga Maareynta Biyaha ee Fish ilaa Tsitsikama]]. *[[Kouga Dam|Biyo-xireenka Kouga]] ee Webiga Kouga ==Deegaanka== Sannadkii 1995 muunado ka mid ah [[Cape galaxias]] (''Galaxias zebratus''), oo ah nooc ka mid ah kalluunka Koonfur Afrika oo [[Endemism|u dhashay]] [[Cape Floristic Region]], ayaa laga helay [[Krom River|Webiga Krom]] ka dibna waxaa sidoo kale laga helay nidaamka webiga Gamtoos. Ilaa wakhtigaas waxaa la aaminsanaa in qaybintiisu ay ku koobnayd aagga u dhexeeya [[Keurbooms River|Webiga Keurbooms]] iyo [[Olifants River (Western Cape)|Webiga Olifants]].<ref>[http://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/frswicthy/galaxias.htm Freshwater Ichthyology - The Cape galaxias Galaxias zebratus]</ref> In kasta oo Koonfur Afrika kalluunkan jilicsan lagu kala saaray oo kaliya [[near threatened|u dhow khatar]], gudaha [[Australia]] noocyo isku jinsi ah ayaa loo kaxeeyay [[extinction|baabi'in]] iyadoo ay ku tartamayaan [[salmonid]]s iyo [[introduced species|noocyo kale oo kalluun ah oo la soo bandhigay]]. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[List of rivers of South Africa|Liiska webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] * [[List of estuaries of South Africa|Liiska af-webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category-inline}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20071028134554/http://www.sabirding.co.za/birdspot/021014.asp Birding - Gamtoos River Mouth] *[http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/8816/0 IUCN Red List - Galaxias zebratus] {{Authority control}} mqnijll3ep6qq0768pon1ud22cg6j46 0 47978 299508 2026-06-26T12:39:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299508 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Baakens | native_name ={{unbulleted list |{{native name|xh|Gqeberha}} |{{native name|naq|Kragga Kamma}} }} | name_other = ''Baakensrivier'' | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map ={{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=center|plain=yes | id1=Q34670300|type1=line|stroke-colour1=#4271ae|stroke-width1=5}} | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka Webiga Baakens ku yaallo <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Eastern Cape]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|23|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Algoa Bay]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|33|57|50|S|25|37|45|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Baakens''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Webiga Gqeberha''' ({{IPA|xh|ᶢǃʱɛ̀ɓéːxà|lang}}),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uwc.ac.za/news-and-announcements/news/gqeberha-the-new-name-for-port-elizabeth |title=Gqeberha, The New Name for Port Elizabeth |website=uwc.ac.za |first=Sihle |last=Mlambo |date=26 February 2021 |access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref> waa webi ku shubma xarunta magaalada [[Port Elizabeth]] iyo dekedda [[Algoa Bay]].<ref name="gn1021484">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=1021484|name=bakensrivier}} Bakensrivier] sa [{{Geonamesabout}} Geonames.org (cc-by)]; post updated 18 January 2012; database download sa 28 February 2017</ref> Webigu wuxuu qulqulaa qiyaastii {{convert|23|km|mi|abbr=on}} laga soo bilaabo aagga uu biyaha ka helo ee Sherwood, Hunter's Retreat, iyo Rowallan Park isagoo dhex mara inta badan aag magaalo ilaa afkiisa. Inta badan, waa durdur yar oo xasilloon. Meel u dhow afkiisa, wuxuu ku dhex maraa dooxad dhinaca koonfureed ee buurta uu ku yaallo [[Fort Frederick, Eastern Cape|Fort Frederick]]. Ilaa markii maraakiibtii ugu horreysay ee [[Dutch East India Company|VOC]] ay ku xirteen halkan 1690, durdurka waxaa loogu yeeri jiray magaca [[Khoekhoe language|Khoekhoe]] ee ka yimid qabiilka Gonoqua, {{Langx|naq|'''Kragga Kamma''' ('''//Kraxa/kamma''')|lit=durdurka dhagaxa leh (ama //kara - oo macnaheedu yahay dhagxaan webiga ku jira iyo kamma oo ah musuqmaasuq ka yimid ereyga Khoe ee //gami - oo macnaheedu yahay biyo)|translit=|label=none}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT: Portion 87 of the Farm Cragga Kamma. No. 23 PORT ELIZABETH |url=https://sahris.sahra.org.za/sites/default/files/heritagereports/9-2-073-0001-20080904-JB_0.pdf |website=[[SAHRA]]}}</ref> Muddo ka dib, {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} ee ugu dambeeyay ee durdurka ayaa la [[canalisation|kanaaleeyay]] oo haradii yareyd ayaa la buuxiyay. Jardiinooyin, garoomo ciyaaraha iyo waddooyin lugo ah ayaa laga dhisay qaybo ka mid ah Dooxada Baakens. == Taariikh == Sannadkii 1752, ensign [[August Frederik Beutler]] ayaa maray aagga wuxuuna taagay [[beacon|baaken]] (baken oo ahayd Dutch-kii casrigaas) wakiil ka ahaa VOC af-webiga. Jardiinada Settler Park oo 54 ha ah ayaa jirtay tan iyo 1938. Dooxadu waxay ahayd sannadihii 1867, 1897, 1908 ([[1908 Port Elizabeth flood|fatahaaddii Port Elizabeth ee 1908]]), 1968, 1981 iyo 2006 goob ay ka dhaceen [[flood|fatahaado]] daran, daadad iyo waxyeello weyn. 5 May 1897, sababtu waxay ahayd roob culus oo ka da'ay Hunter's Retreat. Axad 1 September 1968, waxay bilowday inay roobab da'aan waxyar ka dib 8-dii subaxnimo, muddo gaaban gudaheedna in ka badan 56 cm ayaa da'ay. Fatahaaddii ugu baabi'inta badnayd ee Koonfur Afrika ay soo marto ilaa markaas, 8 qof ayaa ku dhintay. {{lang|xh|Gqeberha}} waa magaca webigan ee [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbn.co.za/featured/new-port-elizabeth-name-announced/|title=New Port Elizabeth name announced|last=Meiring|first=Pieter|date=10 November 2019|website=Cape Business News|language=en-US|access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref> Xaafadda Kabega Park waxaa laga yaabaa in loogu magacdaray webigan.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 1z5p5zzytj3osx6pltnxdm622belrv2 0 47979 299509 2026-06-26T12:43:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ituri | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Rivière Ituri | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = File:Henry M. Stanley, In darkest Africa or the q Wellcome L0027735.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Weerarka maroodi oo ku yaalla Webiga Ituri. Laga soo qaatay Henry Morton Stanley buuggiisii ''In Darkest Africa'' (1890) | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Kongo | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|650|km}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|2.488773|30.119809}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Aruwimi River|Webiga Aruwimi]] | mouth_location = [[Bomili]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|1.665562|27.010249|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} *'''Webiga Ituri''' ([[French language|Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Ituri'') waa webi ku yaalla Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Kongo. Waa gacan-biyoodka ugu weyn ee [[Aruwimi River|Webiga Aruwimi]], kaas oo samaysma marka Ituri uu kulmo [[Nepoko River|Webiga Nepoko]]. *Wuxuu magaciisa siiyay [[Ituri Province|Gobolka Ituri]]. ==Koorsada== *Ituri wuxuu isha ku hayaa gobolka [[Haut-Uélé]] ee buuraha dhinaca galbeed ee [[Lake Albert (Africa)|Harada Albert]], qiyaastii {{convert|15|km}} waqooyi ka xigta [[Kaladau]]. *Wuxuu guud ahaan u qulqulaa koonfurta gobolka Ituri, wuxuuna maraa [[Mongbwalu]] dhinaca bari. *Waxaa dhinaca bidix kaga biira Webiga Shari waqooyi-bari ee [[Irumu]] qiyaastii {{convert|45|km}} koonfur-koonfur-galbeed ee [[Bunia]]. *Waxaa dhinaca bidix kaga biira Webiga Malibongo meel u dhow Komanda Helipad. *Halkaas wuxuu ugu qulqulaa guud ahaan jihada galbeed ilaa [[Bomili]] ee gobolka [[Tshopo]], halkaas oo uu kaga biiro Webiga Nepoko si uu u sameeyo Aruwimi.{{sfn|Way: Ituri (776262086)}} *Ituri dhererkiisu waa {{convert|650|km}}. Aruwimi dhererkeedu waa {{convert|380|km}}, taas oo siinaysa dherer wadarta ah {{convert|1030|km}}.{{sfn|Van den Bossche|Bernacsek|1990|p=333}} *Webigu wuxuu maraa {{convert|63000|km2}} ee [[Ituri Rainforest|Kaynta Roobka ee Ituri]]. *Qiyaastii shan meelood meel ka mid ah [[rainforest|kaynta roobka]] waxay ka kooban tahay [[Okapi Wildlife Reserve|Kaydka Duurjoogta ee Okapi]], oo ah [[World Heritage Site|Goob Dhaxal-gal ah oo Dunida ah]].{{sfn|Wilkie|1987}} ==Taariikh== *Sannadkii 1903 dad raadinayay macdanta oo u shaqaynayay Congo Free State ayaa dahab ka helay Webiga Ituri. *Tani waxay keentay in la furo macdanta Kilo sannadkii 1905 iyo macdanta Moto sannadkii 1911, sannadkii 1919-kiina waxaa la abuuray ''[[Régie Industrielle des Mines de Kilo-Moto]]''.{{sfn|Shakespeare|1993}} ==Qoraallo== {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} ==Isha== {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=http://www.scripophily.org/new/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=33&Itemid=53 |title=KILO MOTO |last=Shakespeare |first=Howard |journal=Scripophily |date=June 1993 |accessdate=2011-10-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425060853/http://www.scripophily.org/new/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=33&Itemid=53 |archivedate=2012-04-25 }} *{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA333 |isbn= 9789251029831 |last1=Van den Bossche |first1= J.-P. |last2= Bernacsek |first2= G.M. |title= Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa |issue= 18 |volume= 1 |date= 1990 |publisher= [[Food and Agriculture Organization|Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]] |location= Rome}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/776262086#map=14/1.6759/27.0290 |accessdate=2020-09-14 |title=Way: Ituri (776262086) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Way: Ituri (776262086)}} }} *{{citation |title=Impact of Swidden Age and Subsistence Hunting on Diversity and Abundance of Exploited Fauna in the Ituri Forest of Northeastern Zaire |last=Wilkie |first=David. S. |year=1987 |type=Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation |publisher=Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Massachusetts}} {{refend}}{{Authority control}} 75i3q5psau8qny7i6qd7z5tg271bdnj 299510 299509 2026-06-26T12:43:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ituri | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Rivière Ituri | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = File:Henry M. Stanley, In darkest Africa or the q Wellcome L0027735.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Weerarka maroodi oo ku yaalla Webiga Ituri. Laga soo qaatay Henry Morton Stanley buuggiisii ''In Darkest Africa'' (1890) | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Kongo | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|650|km}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|2.488773|30.119809}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Aruwimi River|Webiga Aruwimi]] | mouth_location = [[Bomili]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|1.665562|27.010249|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} *'''Webiga Ituri''' ([[Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Ituri'') waa webi ku yaalla Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Kongo. Waa gacan-biyoodka ugu weyn ee [[Aruwimi River|Webiga Aruwimi]], kaas oo samaysma marka Ituri uu kulmo [[Nepoko River|Webiga Nepoko]]. *Wuxuu magaciisa siiyay [[Ituri Province|Gobolka Ituri]]. ==Koorsada== *Ituri wuxuu isha ku hayaa gobolka [[Haut-Uélé]] ee buuraha dhinaca galbeed ee [[Lake Albert (Africa)|Harada Albert]], qiyaastii {{convert|15|km}} waqooyi ka xigta [[Kaladau]]. *Wuxuu guud ahaan u qulqulaa koonfurta gobolka Ituri, wuxuuna maraa [[Mongbwalu]] dhinaca bari. *Waxaa dhinaca bidix kaga biira Webiga Shari waqooyi-bari ee [[Irumu]] qiyaastii {{convert|45|km}} koonfur-koonfur-galbeed ee [[Bunia]]. *Waxaa dhinaca bidix kaga biira Webiga Malibongo meel u dhow Komanda Helipad. *Halkaas wuxuu ugu qulqulaa guud ahaan jihada galbeed ilaa [[Bomili]] ee gobolka [[Tshopo]], halkaas oo uu kaga biiro Webiga Nepoko si uu u sameeyo Aruwimi.{{sfn|Way: Ituri (776262086)}} *Ituri dhererkiisu waa {{convert|650|km}}. Aruwimi dhererkeedu waa {{convert|380|km}}, taas oo siinaysa dherer wadarta ah {{convert|1030|km}}.{{sfn|Van den Bossche|Bernacsek|1990|p=333}} *Webigu wuxuu maraa {{convert|63000|km2}} ee [[Ituri Rainforest|Kaynta Roobka ee Ituri]]. *Qiyaastii shan meelood meel ka mid ah [[rainforest|kaynta roobka]] waxay ka kooban tahay [[Okapi Wildlife Reserve|Kaydka Duurjoogta ee Okapi]], oo ah [[World Heritage Site|Goob Dhaxal-gal ah oo Dunida ah]].{{sfn|Wilkie|1987}} ==Taariikh== *Sannadkii 1903 dad raadinayay macdanta oo u shaqaynayay Congo Free State ayaa dahab ka helay Webiga Ituri. *Tani waxay keentay in la furo macdanta Kilo sannadkii 1905 iyo macdanta Moto sannadkii 1911, sannadkii 1919-kiina waxaa la abuuray ''[[Régie Industrielle des Mines de Kilo-Moto]]''.{{sfn|Shakespeare|1993}} ==Qoraallo== {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} ==Isha== {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=http://www.scripophily.org/new/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=33&Itemid=53 |title=KILO MOTO |last=Shakespeare |first=Howard |journal=Scripophily |date=June 1993 |accessdate=2011-10-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425060853/http://www.scripophily.org/new/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=33&Itemid=53 |archivedate=2012-04-25 }} *{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA333 |isbn= 9789251029831 |last1=Van den Bossche |first1= J.-P. |last2= Bernacsek |first2= G.M. |title= Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa |issue= 18 |volume= 1 |date= 1990 |publisher= [[Food and Agriculture Organization|Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]] |location= Rome}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/776262086#map=14/1.6759/27.0290 |accessdate=2020-09-14 |title=Way: Ituri (776262086) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Way: Ituri (776262086)}} }} *{{citation |title=Impact of Swidden Age and Subsistence Hunting on Diversity and Abundance of Exploited Fauna in the Ituri Forest of Northeastern Zaire |last=Wilkie |first=David. S. |year=1987 |type=Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation |publisher=Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, University of Massachusetts}} {{refend}}{{Authority control}} 7qfd4eguj3y4jur0vtls2lumdyg102p 0 47980 299511 2026-06-26T12:46:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Lomela | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka webigu ku yaallo ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Kongo | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Kongo | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|566|km}} (la mari karo) | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Busira River|Webiga Busira]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-0.3497|20.7804|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Ruki River|Ruki]]–[[Busira River|Busira]] | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = }} '''Webiga Lomela''' waa webi ku yaalla [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Kongo]]. Waa mid ka mid ah gacan-biyoodyada ugu waaweyn ee [[Busira River|Webiga Busira]], kaas oo samaysma marka Lomela uu kulmo [[Tshuapa River|Webiga Tshuapa]]. Busira ayaa iyaduna ah gacan-biyoodka ugu weyn ee [[Ruki River|Webiga Ruki]], kaas oo ku shubma [[Congo River|Webiga Kongo]] oo ku yaalla waqooyiga [[Mbandaka]]. ==Goobta== Webiga Lomela wuxuu u qulqulaa dhinaca waqooyi-galbeed isagoo ka yimaada [[Sankuru Nature Reserve|Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Sankuru]] wuxuuna dhex maraa [[Salonga National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Salonga]]. Webiga Busira wuxuu samaysmaa dhawr mayl galbeed ka xigta [[Boende]] halkaas oo Webiga Lomela uu kaga biiro [[Tshuapa River|Webiga Tshuapa]] dhinaca bidix.{{sfn|Relation: Lomela (2166127)}} ==Navigation== Webiga Lomela waa la mari karaa laga soo bilaabo meesha uu kaga biiro Tshuapa ilaa dhamaadka [[Lomela]], oo ah masaafo dhan {{convert|566|km}}. Waa mid qaloocan oo cidhiidhi ah, wuxuuna maraa meelo kaymo iyo dhul qoyan ah oo fatahaad sameeya xilliyada biyaha badan. Laga soo bilaabo afka webiga ilaa Itoko, oo ah masaafo dhan {{convert|236|km}}, waxay had iyo jeer u oggolaataa doonyaha leh {{convert|1|m}} qoto dheer. Xilliyada biyaha badan waxay qaadi kartaa 350 tan oo maraakiib ah, iyo xilliyada biyaha yar waxay qaadi kartaa 150-250 tan oo maraakiib ah qaybtan. Laga soo bilaabo Itoko ilaa Lomami, oo ah {{convert|462|km}} u jirta afkiisa, xeebaha dhagaxa leh iyo marinnada cidhiidhiga ah ee la mari karo ayaa ka dhigaya mid khatar ah. Laga soo bilaabo Lomami ilaa Lomela webigu wuxuu u furan yahay socodka kaliya laga bilaabo horraanta Juun ilaa horraanta Sebtembar, iyo kaliya 25 tan oo maraakiib ah. Meelaha qaarkood marinnadu waa ka yar yihiin {{convert|25|m}} ballac iyo {{convert|0.5|m}} qoto dheer.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=15}} ==Deegaanka== Lomela wuxuu maraa wadnaha xarunta hoose ee [[Congo Basin|Dooxada Kongo]]. Roobabku halkan waxay gaaraan celcelis ahaan {{convert|2000|mm}} sannadkii, iyada oo aan jirin [[dry season|xilli qallalan]]. Lomela wuxuu dhex maraa {{convert|88000|ha}} oo ah aag kayn qoyan oo joogto ah oo ka bilaabma 20°35'E ilaa 21°30'E, iyo {{convert|46500|ha}} oo ah aag kayn qoyan oo u dhexeeya 21°50'E iyo 22°18'E.{{sfn|Hughes|1992|p=548}} Qayb ka mid ah webiga waxaa ilaaliya Beerta Qaranka ee Salonga.{{sfn|Hughes|1992|p=554}} ==Qoraallo== {{notes}}{{reflist|25em}} ==Isha== {{refbegin}} *{{citation |last=Hughes|first=R. H.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA548 |accessdate=2021-03-21|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5}} *{{citation |title=L'exploitation des affluents du Zaïre et des ports de l'intérieur de 1960 à 1971 |language=fr |accessdate=2021-03-22 |last=Lederer |first=A. |publisher=Académi e royal e des Sciences d'Outre-Mer: Classe des Sciences Techniques, N.S., XVII-6, Bruxelles |year=1973 |url=http://www.kaowarsom.be/documents/MEMOIRES_VERHANDELINGEN/Sciences_techniques/Tec.Sc.(NS)_T.XVII,6_LEDERER,%20A._L'exploitation%20des%20affluents%20du%20Za%C3%AFre%20et%20des%20ports%20de%20l'int%C3%A9rieur%20de%201960%20%C3%A0%201971_1974.PDF}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/2166127 |accessdate=2021-03-21 |title=Relation: Lomela (2166127) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Relation: Lomela (2166127)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} 2lha20kxy1hryx58w1au4n0mu7d8d5s 0 47981 299512 2026-06-26T12:48:48Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Loile | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Tshuapa]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Momboyo River|Webiga Momboyo]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-1.006 | 20.2964|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Loile''' ({{langx|fr|Rivière Loile}}) waa gacan-biyoodka [[Momboyo River|Webiga Momboyo]] ee [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Kongo]]. Loile wuxuu ka samaysmaa [[Salonga National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Salonga]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa guud ahaan jihada waqooyi-galbeed ilaa uu kaga biiro Luilaka. Momboya wuxuu ka samaysmaa koonfur-bari ee tuulada Waka, [[Province of Équateur|Gobolka Équateur]], oo ka sarreysa xadka [[Tshuapa]], halkaas oo Webiga Luilaka uu dhinaca midig kaga biiro Webiga Loile ee Bakako.{{sfn|Relation: Loile (2778227)}} ==Qoraallo== {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} ==Isha== {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/2778227 |accessdate=2021-03-21 |title=Relation: Loile (2778227) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Relation: Loile (2778227)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Loile River}} e2k37qpzxfb1hacdbcx4w07mr1qawow 0 47982 299513 2026-06-26T12:51:48Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Kuiseb | image = Kuiseb Namibia anagoria.JPG | image_caption = Webiga Kuiseb xilliga roobka | map = NEO kuiseb.jpeg | map_caption = Sawir dayax-gacmeedka Webiga Kuiseb | source1 = galbeedka [[Windhoek]] | source1_location = [[Khomas Highland]] | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_location = [[Walvis Bay]] | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|23|07|S|14|32|E|display=inline, title}} | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Namibia]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobollada | subdivision_name2 = [[Khomas Region|Khomas]], [[Erongo Region|Erongo]] | source_elevation = | length = {{circa}} {{convert|480|km|mi|abbr=on}} | basin_size = {{convert|15500|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{circa}} {{convert|20|e6m3/a}} | tributaries_left = [[Gomab River|Webiga Gomab]], [[Ojab River|Webiga Ojab]], [[Chausib River|Webiga Chausib]], [[Gaub River|Webiga Gaub]] | tributaries_right = [[Koam River|Webiga Koam]], [[Nausgomab River|Webiga Nausgomab]], [[Goagos River|Webiga Goagos]] | waterbodies = [[Friedenau Dam|Biya-xireenka Friedenau]] }} '''Webiga Kuiseb''' waa webi [[ephemeral|ku-meel-gaar ah]] oo ku yaalla koonfur-galbeed ee [[Namibia]]. Isha uu ka soo bilaabmo waa [[Khomas Highland]] oo ku taal galbeedka [[Windhoek]]. Halkaas ayuu u qulqulaa dhinaca galbeed isagoo sii mara [[Namib-Naukluft National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Namib-Naukluft]] iyo lamadegaanka [[Namib]] ilaa uu ka gaaro [[Walvis Bay]]. Dhowr tuulo oo ay dagaan [[Topnaar people|dadka Topnaar]] ayaa ku yaalla xeebaha hoose ee Kuiseb, tusaale ahaan [[Homeb]], [[Sandfontein, Namibia|Sandfontein]], [[Rooibank]], iyo [[Utuseb]].{{sfn|Malan|1998|p=120–125}}{{sfn|Moritz|1997|pp=4-5}} Webiyada ku shubma Kuiseb waxaa ka mid ah [[Gomab River|Gomab]], [[Ojab River|Ojab]], [[Chausib River|Chausib]], [[Gaub River|Gaub]], [[Koam River|Koam]], [[Nausgomab River|Nausgomab]] and [[Goagos River|Goagos]].<ref name=Jacobson>{{Cite book | last1=Jacobson | first1=Peter J. | last2=Jacobson | first2=Kathryn M. | last3=Seely | first3=Mary K. | title=Ephemeral rivers and their catchments: Sustaining people and development in western Namibia |url=http://www.the-eis.com/data/literature/Ephemeral%20rivers%20and%20their%20catchments_1995.pdf | publisher=Desert Research Foundation of Namibia | place=[[Windhoek]] | date=1995 | pages=140–141 |isbn=9991670947 | format=PDF 8.7MB}}</ref> Bedka uu Webiga Kuiseb ka helo biyaha (oo ay ku jiraan gacan-biyoodyadiisa) waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inta u dhaxaysa 15,500<ref name=Jacobson/> iyo {{Convert|16692|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Strohbach, B.J. |title=Mapping the Major Catchments of Namibia |url=http://www.nbri.org.na/sites/default/files/Mapping%20the%20Major%20Catchments%20of%20Namibia_draft.pdf |journal=Agricola |volume=2008 |date=2008 |pages=63–73 |isbn=9780353358164 |issn=1015-2334 |oclc=940637734 |format=PDF 1.0MB }}</ref> Waxa uu leeyahay qulqulka celcelis ahaan ilaa {{convert|20|e6m3/a}}.<ref name=el2010>{{cite news |title=ELECTIONS 2010: Erongo regional profile |publisher=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]] |url=http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=14109 |date=16 November 2010 }}</ref> [[Friedenau Dam|Biya-xireenka Friedenau]], oo la dhisay 1972, ayaa ku yaalla webiga.<ref>[http://www.namwater.com.na/data/dams/friedenau.html Friedenau] at NamWater</ref> Janaayo 2005, markii ugu horreysay sannado badan, Kuiseb wuxuu ku qulqulay badweynta. Inta u dhaxaysa Naukluft iyo Namib, Kuiseb wuxuu qoday dooxad weyn oo ku taal aag cidlo ah oo aan la geli karin. Intii lagu jiray [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Dunida]] aagga ku hareeraysan dooxada Kuiseb wuxuu u adeegay sidii gabbaad u ah [[Henno Martin]] iyo [[Hermann Korn]] oo halkaas u guuray si ay u sugaan dhammaadka dagaalka.<ref name=TSD>{{cite book | last = Martin | first = Henno | title = The Sheltering Desert | publisher = Two Books | year = 2006 | location = Hamburg | isbn = 9783935453035}}</ref> Laba buug iyo [[The Sheltering Desert|filim]] ayaa markii dambe laga daabacay joogitaankoodan 2-da sano ah; burburka gabbaadkooda waa la booqan karaa. Socdaalkiisa uu ku marayo Namib, Kuiseb waxaa dhinac kasta kaga wareegsan qaar ka mid ah [[sand dune|buuraha ciidda]] ee ugu dhaadheer adduunka, dhinaca kalena dhagaxyo madhan.<ref name=Jacobson/> Buuraha ciidda ee cas ee koonfurta webiga waxay gaaraan dherer ka badan 150 mitir. Dabayshu waxay buuraha ciidda u kaxaysaa dhinaca waqooyi, laakiin dhaqdhaqaaqooda waxaa xannibay webiga. Inta lagu jiro habkaas, ciid iyo dhoobo badan ayaa lagu shubaa Kuiseb taasoo keenta inuu kaliya gaaro badda marka uu fataho.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Morin|first1=Efrat|last2=Grodek|first2=Tamir|last3=Dahan|first3=Ofer|last4=Benito|first4=Gerardo|last5=Kulls|first5=Christoph|last6=Jacoby|first6=Yael|last7=Langenhove|first7=Guido Van|last8=Seely|first8=Mary|last9=Enzel|first9=Yehouda|date=April 2009|title=Flood routing and alluvial aquifer recharge along the ephemeral arid Kuiseb River, Namibia|journal=Journal of Hydrology|volume=368|issue=1–4|pages=262–275|doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.015|issn=0022-1694}}</ref> Sannadkii 1907, aagga u dhexeeya [[Swakop River|Webiga Swakop]] iyo Kuiseb waxaa maamulkii gumaystihii Jarmalka u magacaabay kaydka xayawaanka. Aaggu wuxuu hadda qayb ka yahay [[Namib-Naukluft National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Namib-Naukluft]]. ''Desert Research Foundation of Namibia'' (DRFN) waxay ku taal [[Gobabeb]] oo ku taal xeebaha webiga.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Desert Research Foundation of Namibia | publisher=namibweb.com | url=https://www.namibweb.com/drfn.htm | access-date= 3 October 2019}}</ref> <gallery> File:Kuiseb River Nears the Ocean.jpg|Sawirka dayax-gacmeedka midabka dabiiciga ah ee Webiga Kuiseb. File:Kuiseb bird eye view.jpg|Muuqaal hawada sare laga soo qaaday ee Webiga Kuiseb (2017) File:Kuiseb River Sand and Rock (2018).jpg|Webiga Kuiseb (2018) File:gobabeb from air.jpg|Muuqaal hawada sare laga soo qaaday ee Gobabeb Training and Research Centre File:Henno Martin Shelter.jpg|Burburka Gabbaadkii Korn iyo Martin File:Kuiseb.1.JPG|[[C14 road (Namibia)|C14]] buundada ka dul marta Dooxada Kuiseb </gallery> ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[List of rivers of Namibia|Liiska webiyada Namibia]] ==Tixraacyo== ===Qoraallo=== {{Reflist}} ===Suugaanta=== * {{cite book |last=Malan |first=Johan S |title=Die Völker Namibias |trans-title=Qabaa'ilka Namibia |year=1998 |publisher=Klaus Hess |location=Windhoek, Göttingen |language=German }} * {{cite book |last=Moritz |first=Walter |title=Verwehte Spuren in der Namibwüste - Alte Ansiedlungen am Kuiseb |trans-title=Raadadka engegan ee Namib - Degsiimooyinkii hore ee webiga Kuiseb |language=German |year=1997 |publisher=Typoprint |location=Windhoek |isbn=99916-750-0-0 }} *''Qoraalkii asalka ahaa wuxuu ka yimid [[NASA Earth Observatory]] [https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=4087]'' ===Muuqaallo=== *{{YouTube|ymyhjQ50M2A|'HURININ People of the Sea' - Baadigoobka dadka Topnaar ee xuquuqul insaanka iyo aqoonsiga}} ==Xiriiriyeyaal dibadeed== {{Commons category|Kuiseb River}} *[https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=4087 NASA Earth Explorer page] *[https://www.ufz.de/export/data/global/29151_ufzdiss5_2010_.pdf PhD Dissertation at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ] {{Authority control}} 708czhqsflutho6f7oss0fo48cckqqq 0 47983 299514 2026-06-26T12:57:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Khumib | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | image = | image_caption = | map = | map_caption = | source1 = meel u dhow [[Orupembe]] | source1_location = [[Kunene Region|Gobolka Kunene]] | source1_coordinates= <!--{{coord|...}}--> | source1_elevation = {{convert|1542|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | ports = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{circa}}{{convert|80|km|mi|abbr=on}} |basin_size = {{circa}}{{convert|2300|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} |discharge1_avg = }} '''Webiga Khumib''' waa webi [[ephemeral|ku-meel-gaar ah]] oo dhex mara [[Kunene Region|Gobolka Kunene]] ee waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Namibia]]. Wuxuu mararka qaarkood qaadaa biyo dusha sare ah xilliyada [[Wet season|roobka]] ee Noofambar iyo Febraayo/Maarso. Bedka uu ka helo biyaha (catchment area) waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inta u dhaxaysa 2200<ref name=Jacobson>{{Cite book | last1=Jacobson | first1=Peter J. | last2=Jacobson | first2=Kathryn M. | last3=Seely | first3=Mary K. | title=Ephemeral rivers and their catchments: Sustaining people and development in western Namibia |url=http://www.the-eis.com/data/literature/Ephemeral%20rivers%20and%20their%20catchments_1995.pdf | publisher=Desert Research Foundation of Namibia | place=[[Windhoek]] | date=1995 | pages=122–123 |isbn=9991670947 | format=PDF 8.7MB }}</ref> iyo {{Convert|2300|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Strohbach, B.J. |title=Mapping the Major Catchments of Namibia |url=http://www.nbri.org.na/sites/default/files/Mapping%20the%20Major%20Catchments%20of%20Namibia_draft.pdf |journal=Agricola |volume=2008 |date=2008 |pages=63-73 |issn=1015-2334 |oclc=940637734 |format=PDF 1.0MB }}</ref> Khumib wuxuu isha ku hayaa meel u dhow tuulada [[Orupembe]] ee ku taal meel fog oo waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta Kunene. Halkaas ayuu koorsada webigu u dhaafaa dhinaca galbeed ilaa [[Skeleton Coast]] wuxuuna ku qulqulaa lamadegaanka [[Namib]]. Waxa uu kaliya mararka qaarkood ku shubmaa [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]].<ref name=Jacobson/> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{coord|22|42|S|14|54|E|display=title|region:NA_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} hg1603wx7qbamnj3qnsua4osyokrnk7 0 47984 299515 2026-06-26T12:59:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Hoarusib | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | image = | image_caption = | map = | map_caption = | source1 = meel u dhow [[Opuwo]] | source1_location = [[Kunene Region|Gobolka Kunene]] | source1_coordinates= <!--{{coord|...}}--> | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|18.9744112|S|12.5604578|E}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | ports = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{circa}}{{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=on}} | basin_size_km2 = 15237 |discharge1_avg = }} '''Webiga Hoarusib''' waa [[Ephemerality|webi ku-meel-gaar ah]] oo ku yaalla [[Kunene Region|Gobolka Kunene]] ee waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Namibia]]. Isha uu ka soo bilaabmo waa meel u dhow caasimadda gobolka ee [[Opuwo]], webiguna wuxuu dhex maraa [[Tonnesen Mountains|Tonnesen]] iyo [[Giraffe Mountains]] ilaa uu ka gaaro [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]].<ref name=Jacobson>{{Cite book | last1=Jacobson | first1=Peter J. | last2=Jacobson | first2=Kathryn M. | last3=Seely | first3=Mary K. | title=Ephemeral rivers and their catchments: Sustaining people and development in western Namibia |url=http://www.the-eis.com/data/literature/Ephemeral%20rivers%20and%20their%20catchments_1995.pdf | publisher=Desert Research Foundation of Namibia | place=[[Windhoek]] | date=1995 | pages=124–125 |isbn=9991670947 | format=PDF 8.7MB }}</ref> Hoarusib wuxuu mararka qaarkood qaadaa biyo dusha sare ah xilliyada [[Wet season|roobka]] laga bilaabo Noofambar ilaa Febraayo/Maarso. Bedka uu ka helo biyaha (catchment area) ee Hoarusib waa {{Convert|15237|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Strohbach, B.J. |title=Mapping the Major Catchments of Namibia |url=http://www.nbri.org.na/sites/default/files/Mapping%20the%20Major%20Catchments%20of%20Namibia_draft.pdf |journal=Agricola |volume=2008 |date=2008 |pages=63–73 |issn=1015-2334 |oclc=940637734 |format=PDF 1.0MB }}</ref> Magaca Hoarusib waxaa loo malaynayaa inuu ka yimid juqraafiga aaggan maadaama ereyga [[Nama people|Nama]] ee "!naruseb" uu ka dhigan yahay "biyo qalooca oo dhex mara dooxad cidhiidhi ah."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tracks4africa.co.za/listings/item/w186002/hoarisib-viewpoint/|title=Tracks4Africa|website=Tracks4Africa|language=en|access-date=2017-06-27}}</ref> Waxaa lagu yaqaanaa derbiyadiisa dooxada ee dhaadheer ee ka samaysan [[volcanic rock|dhagaxa folkaano]] madow iyo casaan, iyo timirta qalaad ee [[makalani palm]] taas oo ka baxda iniinaha webiga ka soo qaaday dhanka sare. Sidoo kale waxaa ku yaalla xeebaha agtooda qaab-dhismeedka "qalcadda dhoobada" (clay castle) oo ay abuureen dhigaalka tartiib-tartiib ah iyo nabaad-guurka dhoobada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/ryan_roxx/4134063399|title=Clay Castles|website=Flickr|language=en-us|access-date=2017-06-27}}</ref> == Tixraac== {{reflist}} ghrq2v9p5ofruin6ia8m8wktrrgiia4 0 47985 299516 2026-06-26T13:01:31Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Hoanib | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | image = Hoanib Floodplain.jpg | image_caption = Bannaanka fatahaadda ee Hoanib | map = | map_caption = | source1 = | source1_location = [[Kunene Region|Gobolka Kunene]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_location... 299516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Hoanib | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | image = Hoanib Floodplain.jpg | image_caption = Bannaanka fatahaadda ee Hoanib | map = | map_caption = | source1 = | source1_location = [[Kunene Region|Gobolka Kunene]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | tributaries_left = [[Ombonde River|Webiga Ombonde]], [[Mudorib River|Webiga Mudorib]] | tributaries_right = [[Aap River|Webiga Aap]], [[Otjitaimo River|Webiga Otjitaimo]], [[Ganamub River|Webiga Ganamub]], [[Tsuchub River|Webiga Tsuchub]] | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | ports = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{circa}}{{convert|270|km|mi|abbr=on}} |basin_size = {{circa}}{{convert|17200|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} |discharge1_avg = }} '''Hoanib''' waa mid ka mid ah 12-ka webi ee xilliyeedka ah ee ku-meel-gaarka ah ee galbeedka Namibia, halkaas oo uu hore u ahaan jiray xadka u dhexeeya waqooyiga [[Damaraland]] iyo [[Kaokoland]]. Dherarkiisu waa {{convert|27|km}}. Iyadoo dadku ay ku yar yihiin aagga, dabeecadda hawdka ee dooxada webiga iyo tirada dadka duurjoogta ah ee ku nool Hoanib oo aad u sarreeya, sida kiiska [[Hoarusib]], dooxadiisu waa mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu dambeeya ee lamadegaanka dhabta ah ee [[Namibia]]. Mid ka mid ah degsiimooyinkii ugu dambeeyay ee [[desert elephants|maroodiyaasha lamadegaanka]], waxaa lagu gartaa dabaylo xoog leh iyo dhoobo dhagax ah oo biyuhu nabaad-guuriyeen (ilaa 10 m oo dherer ah). Webiyada ku shubma Hoanib waa [[Aap River|Aap]], [[Otjitaimo River|Otjitaimo]], [[Ombonde River|Ombonde]], [[Ganamub River|Ganamub]], [[Mudorib River|Mudorib]] iyo [[Tsuchub River|Tsuxub]].<ref name=Jacobson>{{Cite book | last1=Jacobson | first1=Peter J. | last2=Jacobson | first2=Kathryn M. | last3=Seely | first3=Mary K. | title=Ephemeral rivers and their catchments: Sustaining people and development in western Namibia |url=http://www.the-eis.com/data/literature/Ephemeral%20rivers%20and%20their%20catchments_1995.pdf | publisher=Desert Research Foundation of Namibia | place=[[Windhoek]] | date=1995 | pages=126–127 |isbn=9991670947 | format=PDF 8.7MB}}</ref> ==Biyo-mareenka== Bedka uu Webiga Hoanib ka helo biyaha (oo ay ku jiraan gacan-biyoodyadiisa) waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inta u dhaxaysa 15760<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Strohbach, B.J. |title=Mapping the Major Catchments of Namibia |url=http://www.nbri.org.na/sites/default/files/Mapping%20the%20Major%20Catchments%20of%20Namibia_draft.pdf |journal=Agricola |volume=2008 |date=2008 |pages=63–73 |issn=1015-2334 |oclc=940637734 |format=PDF 1.0MB }}</ref> iyo {{Convert|17200|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Jacobson/> Waxa uu ka fidsan yahay xeebta galbeed ilaa Ojiovasando iyo [[Black Peaks]] ee gudaha. Waxa kale oo ka mid ah gobolka hodanka ku ah khayraadka ee [[Sesfontein]], Warmquelle iyo Khowarib Gorge. Meesha ugu sarreysa ee biyaha-mareenka waa {{convert|1800|m}}. Roobabka ka da’a aagga uu webigu ka helo biyaha waa kuwo aan joogto ahayn oo ka duwan eber xagga galbeedka ilaa {{convert|325|mm}} sannadkii dhinaca waqooyi-bari. Boqolkiiba 71 ee aagga ayaa hela wax ka yar {{convert|100|mm}} sannadkii. Kaliya boqolkiiba 12 ee aagga uu webigu ka helo biyaha ayaa roobka sannadlaha ahi uu ka sarreeyaa {{convert|300|mm}} sannadkii.<ref name=Jacobson/> Hoanib wuxuu qulqulaa kaliya dhowrkii sannoba mar marka uu roob xooggan ka da’o gudaha aagga uu webigu ka helo biyaha, laakiin markaas fatahaaddu waxay noqon kartaa dhowr mitir oo dherer ah waxayna socon kartaa dhowr maalmood. Mar walba ma gaadho, laakiin inta badan sannadihii u dambeeyay, biyuhu waxay gaadhaan afka webiga ee Badweynta Atlaantik. Qayb weyn oo ka mid ah biyaha ayaa dhuuxa oo ka qayb qaata dhulka hoostiisa oo kayd ah, si xitaa sannadaha abaaraha uu jiro biyo dhulka hoostiisa ah. Biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ah waxay sameeyaan milix ay cunaan xayawaanno badan sida antilopka. Inta lagu jiro xilliyada abaaraha, maroodiga lamadegaanka ee Hoanib wuxuu qodaa godad qoto dheer si uu u gaaro biyaha ku dhow dusha sare. ==Dhirta iyo cagaarka== Dhirta aagga webigu ka helo biyaha waxay ka kooban tahay inta badan [[Mopane]] [[savanna]] (87%) iyo waqooyiga Namib, oo ah 13%.<ref name=Jacobson/> Qaar ka mid ah ururinta waaweyn ee geedaha Ana (''[[Faidherbia albida]]''), Leadwood (''[[Combretum imberbe]]''), Mopane (''[[Colophospermum mopane]]''), Camel Thorn (''[[Acacia erioloba]]''), ''[[Salvadora (plant)|Salvadora]]'' iyo ''[[Euclea]]'' ayaa laga helaa kaymaha gallery-ga. Inta badan dhowr mitir oo dherer ah, cawska dhanaan iyo cawska biyaha ka baxa ayaa ka baxa dhulka qoyan. Iyada oo leh kaymaheeda [[gallery forest]] iyo dhulalka qoyan ee waaweyn ee [[Khowarib]] gorge, ee aagga fatahaadda ee bariga Sesfontein iyo qaybaha hoose iyo aagga afka webiga, Hoanib waa hawd toosan oo ku yaalla deegaan kale oo qallalan, taas oo bixisa nolosha duurjoogta hodanka ah. Ka sokow dadweynaha waaweyn ee noocyo badan oo antilop ah oo laga helo qaybaha hoose ee Hoanib, waxaa sidoo kale jira tiro badan oo maroodiyaasha lamadegaanka ah (qiyaastii 35 qof), wiyisha, giraafaha, iyo sidoo kale dhowr libaax oo kibir badan, iyo ugaarsato yaryar. ==Isticmaalka iyo degitaanka== 91% ee aagga uu webigu ka helo biyaha wuxuu ku yaallaa Dhulalka Bulshada ee dawladda qabaa'ilka; 3% waa dhul gaar loo leeyahay oo ka badan 12 beerood iyo 6% waa qayb ka mid ah [[Skeleton Coast National Park]]. Dadweynaha waxaa lagu qiyaasaa qiyaastii 9200. Xarumaha degitaanka waa [[Sesfontein]] iyo [[Warmquelle]] iyo [[Otjivasando]]. Isticmaalka dhulku waa inta badan xoolo-dhaqato. Dalxiiska shakhsi ahaaneed iyo tacaburka ayaa halkaas ka noqonaya mid muhiim ah. Galbeedka Sesfontein, [[Hoanib Valley]] wuxuu ka tirsan yahay aagga heshiiska ee Desert Adventure Safaris. Dalxiiska sii kordhaya, laakiin sidoo kale cadaadiska daaqsinka ee dadka deegaanka iyo damaca macdanta ayaa khatar sii kordhaysa ku ah nidaamkan deegaan ee gaarka ah.<ref name=Jacobson/> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Qoraallo== * Klaus Hüser, Helga Besler, Wolf Dieter Blümel, Klaus Heine, Hartmut Leser, [[Uwe Rust]]: ''Namibia – Eine Landschaftskunde in Bildern''. Klaus Hess, Göttingen/Windhoek 2001, {{ISBN|978-3-933117-14-4}} * Julian Thomas Fennessy: ''The ecology of desert-dwelling giraffe ([[Giraffa camelopardalis]] angolensis) in northwestern [[Namibia]]''. Diss., Sydney 2004 {{Authority control}} {{Coord|19|23|S|13|06|E|display=title|region:NA_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} 42qt1krt2md5njvys5o3idrviw1ihlp 0 47986 299517 2026-06-26T13:03:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Auob | image = Auob at Gochas.jpg | image_caption = Webiga Auob oo ku yaalla Gochas | source1 = Gacan-biyoodyo ku yaalla bariga [[Windhoek]] | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Nossob River|Webiga Nossob]] | subdivision_type1 = Dalal | subdivision_name1 = [[Namibia]]<br/>[[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | length = | source1_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = 897 m | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = }} [[File:Molopo Basin OSM.png|thumb|Auob oo ku taal aagga uu biyaha ka helo Molopo (dhinaca bidix ee dhexe)]] '''Webiga Auob''' waa webi ku yaalla gobolka [[Northern Cape]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] iyo [[Hardap Region|Gobolka Hardap]] ee [[Namibia]]. Wuxuu dhex maraa [[Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stuart |first1=Chris |last2=Stuart |first2=Mathilde |title=National Parks and Nature Reserves: A South African Field Guide |date=7 February 2013 |publisher=Penguin Random House South Africa |isbn=978-1-920545-24-6 |page=563 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tg9bDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT563 |access-date=7 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Starfield |first1=A. M. |last2=Shapiro |first2=S. M. |last3=Furniss |first3=P. R. |last4=Sears |first4=M. |last5=Retief |first5=P. F. |last6=van der Walt |first6=P. T. |last7=Mills |first7=M. G. L. |title=A Developing Computer Model of the Auob River Ecosystem, Kalahari Gemsbok National Park |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-68786-0_28 |website=Ecology of Tropical Savannas |publisher=Springer |access-date=7 April 2025 |pages=610–625 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-68786-0_28 |date=1982}}</ref> Waa [[tributary|gacan-biyood]] ka mid ah [[Nossob River|Webiga Nossob]].{{Citation needed|date=Abriil 2025}} == Marinka == Webigu wuxuu u qulqulaa qiyaastii {{convert|400|km|miles}} dhinaca koonfur-bari isagoo sii mara Namibia iyo Northern Cape. === Isha === * {{coord|22.6514|S|17.286|E}} oo ku taal [[Namibia]] === Afka === * {{coord|26.4333|S|20.6167|E}}, Webiga Nossob ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} bqhh9u9yaeaf7oecf48y06yd1727pn3 0 47987 299518 2026-06-26T13:06:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Kaukausib | name_native_lang = | image = Kaukausib Quelle.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Muuqaal xagga sare ah oo laga soo qaaday isha Kaukausib (2016) | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = {{NAM}} | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[ǁKaras Region|Karas]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | source1_location = Isha Kaukausib | source1_coordinates= {{coord|-26.987512| 15.649336|region:NA-KA|format=dms}} | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | progression = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | basin_size = }} [[File:Kaukausib.jpg|thumb|Muuqaal xagga sare ah oo laga soo qaaday isha Kaukausib oo ku taal [[Sperrgebiet|Aagga Xaddidan ee Dheeman]]] '''Webiga Kaukausib'''<ref>[http://www.getamap.net/maps/namibia/karas/_kaukausibrivier/ Kaukausib Rivier ee GetaMap.net]</ref> oo Jarmal ahaan loo yaqaan ''Kaukausib-Mulde''<ref>[https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-3554570&fid=6695&c=namibia Kaukausib-Mulde]</ref> waa [[Wadi|webi]] (webi engegan)<ref>Fiiri bogga Jarmalka [[:de:Rivier|Rivier]] kaas oo luuqad maxalli ah ka dhigan ''Webi Engegan''.</ref> oo ku dhex yaalla [[Sperrgebiet|Aagga Xaddidan ee Dheeman]] oo sidoo kale loogu yeero ''Sperrgebiet'' koonfurta [[Namibia]].<ref>''Namibia Travel Map''. Kunth-Verlag, München 2017, {{ISBN|978-3-95504-578-4}}.</ref> Webiga Kaukausib wuxuu dhex maraa [[Namib]] isagoo ka yimaada koonfur una socda waqooyi-waqooyi-galbeed. Wuxuu ku dhammaadaa [[Namib Desert|Lamadegaanka Namib]] isagoon gaarin Atlaantik, ama webi kale.<ref>[http://www.nbri.org.na/sites/default/files/Mapping%20the%20Major%20Catchments%20of%20Namibia_draft.pdf ''Mapping the Major Catchments of Namibia.''] Ben J. Strohbach, National Botanical Research Institute, pp 5–6.</ref> Qaybta sare ee Webiga Kaukausib waxaa ku yaalla il biyo ah, oo xambaarsan biyo sanadka oo dhan, waana goob ay biyaha ka cabbaan xayawaanno kala duwan, gaar ahaan [[Oryx]] iyo [[Common ostrich|Gorayo]]. Isha Kaukausib waxay ku taallaa 62 km koonfur-bari ee [[Lüderitz]] iyo 40 km bariga xeebta Atlaantik, joog dhan 375 m oo ka sarreeya heerka badda (1235 ft). Wakhtiyadii hore, markii laga soo socdaalay [[Lüderitz]]bucht loo socday [[Aus, Namibia|Aus]], lo’da ayaa lagu waraabin jiray ceelka Kaukausib. Jarmalku waxay qoraan: {{quote|... und bald darauf war die Wasserstelle Kaukausib erfüllt von Lärm und Staub, von Gestampf und Ochsengebrüll.|Meno Holst|Lüderitz erkämpft Südwest S.118 (1941)}} Ingiriisi ahaan waxay ka dhigan tahay: {{quote|... and soon the watering place Kaukausib was filled with noise and dust, with stamping and oxen bellowing.|Meno Holst|Lüderitz erkämpft Südwest Page:118 (1941)}} Buugga ''Diamonds in the Desert''<ref>Olga Levinson: ''Diamonds in the Desert''. 2. Auflage, Kuiseb Verlag, Windhoek 2009, {{ISBN|978-99916-40-85-3}}.</ref> wuxuu sharxayaa, sida [[August Stauch]] uu u aasaasay shirkad bilowgii qarnigii 20-aad oo la odhan jiray ''Kaukausibtal Diamantengesellschaft''. [[File:Kaukausib overview.tif|thumb|center|700px|Bedka uu Kaukausib ka helo biyaha<ref>Field report Anib and Arasab pan – southern Namib Desert 27.-31.10.2019, Dr. Henselowsky Felix, University Heidelberg</ref>]] == Sawirro == Sawirrada Kaukausib [[File:Leica Nr.619125 Holler Swakopmund.jpg|16px|link=:commons:Category:Kaukausib]] == Tixraacyo == <references /> 8p32w3f1q21e9t91xtl45mqyvxkyjrp 299519 299518 2026-06-26T13:07:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Kaukausib | name_native_lang = | image = Kaukausib Quelle.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Muuqaal xagga sare ah oo laga soo qaaday isha Kaukausib (2016) | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = {{NAM}} | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[ǁKaras Region|Karas]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | source1_location = Isha Kaukausib | source1_coordinates= {{coord|-26.987512| 15.649336|region:NA-KA|format=dms}} | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | progression = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | basin_size = }} [[File:Kaukausib.jpg|thumb|Muuqaal xagga sare ah oo laga soo qaaday isha Kaukausib oo ku taal [[Sperrgebiet|Aagga Xaddidan ee Dheeman]]]] '''Webiga Kaukausib'''<ref>[http://www.getamap.net/maps/namibia/karas/_kaukausibrivier/ Kaukausib Rivier ee GetaMap.net]</ref> oo Jarmal ahaan loo yaqaan ''Kaukausib-Mulde''<ref>[https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-3554570&fid=6695&c=namibia Kaukausib-Mulde]</ref> waa [[Wadi|webi]] (webi engegan)<ref>Fiiri bogga Jarmalka [[:de:Rivier|Rivier]] kaas oo luuqad maxalli ah ka dhigan ''Webi Engegan''.</ref> oo ku dhex yaalla [[Sperrgebiet|Aagga Xaddidan ee Dheeman]] oo sidoo kale loogu yeero ''Sperrgebiet'' koonfurta [[Namibia]].<ref>''Namibia Travel Map''. Kunth-Verlag, München 2017, {{ISBN|978-3-95504-578-4}}.</ref> Webiga Kaukausib wuxuu dhex maraa [[Namib]] isagoo ka yimaada koonfur una socda waqooyi-waqooyi-galbeed. Wuxuu ku dhammaadaa [[Namib Desert|Lamadegaanka Namib]] isagoon gaarin Atlaantik, ama webi kale.<ref>[http://www.nbri.org.na/sites/default/files/Mapping%20the%20Major%20Catchments%20of%20Namibia_draft.pdf ''Mapping the Major Catchments of Namibia.''] Ben J. Strohbach, National Botanical Research Institute, pp 5–6.</ref> Qaybta sare ee Webiga Kaukausib waxaa ku yaalla il biyo ah, oo xambaarsan biyo sanadka oo dhan, waana goob ay biyaha ka cabbaan xayawaanno kala duwan, gaar ahaan [[Oryx]] iyo [[Common ostrich|Gorayo]]. Isha Kaukausib waxay ku taallaa 62 km koonfur-bari ee [[Lüderitz]] iyo 40 km bariga xeebta Atlaantik, joog dhan 375 m oo ka sarreeya heerka badda (1235 ft). Wakhtiyadii hore, markii laga soo socdaalay [[Lüderitz]]bucht loo socday [[Aus, Namibia|Aus]], lo’da ayaa lagu waraabin jiray ceelka Kaukausib. Jarmalku waxay qoraan: {{quote|... und bald darauf war die Wasserstelle Kaukausib erfüllt von Lärm und Staub, von Gestampf und Ochsengebrüll.|Meno Holst|Lüderitz erkämpft Südwest S.118 (1941)}} Ingiriisi ahaan waxay ka dhigan tahay: {{quote|... and soon the watering place Kaukausib was filled with noise and dust, with stamping and oxen bellowing.|Meno Holst|Lüderitz erkämpft Südwest Page:118 (1941)}} Buugga ''Diamonds in the Desert''<ref>Olga Levinson: ''Diamonds in the Desert''. 2. Auflage, Kuiseb Verlag, Windhoek 2009, {{ISBN|978-99916-40-85-3}}.</ref> wuxuu sharxayaa, sida [[August Stauch]] uu u aasaasay shirkad bilowgii qarnigii 20-aad oo la odhan jiray ''Kaukausibtal Diamantengesellschaft''. [[File:Kaukausib overview.tif|thumb|center|700px|Bedka uu Kaukausib ka helo biyaha<ref>Field report Anib and Arasab pan – southern Namib Desert 27.-31.10.2019, Dr. Henselowsky Felix, University Heidelberg</ref>]] == Sawirro == Sawirrada Kaukausib [[File:Leica Nr.619125 Holler Swakopmund.jpg|16px|link=:commons:Category:Kaukausib]] == Tixraacyo == <references /> 2euqx8zwmjsu6fld67h5371oxgxu38t 0 47988 299520 2026-06-26T13:10:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Tsauchab | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | image = Tsauchab River taken from ISS 2009-12-24.jpg | image_caption = 45-ka kiiloomitir ee hoose ee Webiga Tsauchab, oo laga soo qaaday [[International Space Station|ISS]] | map = | map_caption = | source1 = [[Naukluft Mountains]] | source1_location = [[Hardap Region|Gobolka Hardap]], [[Namibia]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Sossusvlei]] | mouth_location = [[Namib]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|24|44|S|15|22|E|region:NA_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=inline, title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | tributaries_left = [[Zebra River|Webiga Zebra]] | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | ports = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{circa}}{{convert|150|km|mi|abbr=on}} | basin_size_km2 = 4000 |discharge1_avg = }} [[Image:Sesriem02.jpg|thumb|260px|Sesriem Canyon, oo uu Tsauchab engegan yahay]] [[Image:Sossusvlei Tsauchab with water.jpg|thumb|260px|Harro lagu sameeyay qayb ka mid ah Tsauchab ee Sossusvlei salt pan ka dib roobabka]] '''Tsauchab'''{{pronunciation needed}} waa [[Ephemerality|webi ku-meel-gaar ah]] oo ku yaalla [[Hardap Region|Gobolka Hardap]] ee bartamaha [[Namibia]]. Isha uu ka soo bilaabmo waa koonfurta [[Naukluft Mountains]], halkaas oo uu uga qulqulo dhinaca galbeed isagoo sii mara [[Namib-Naukluft National Park]] ilaa uu ka gaaro [[Sossusvlei]], oo ah [[endorheic basin|gacan-biyood gudaha ah]]. Webiga hoose wuxuu horay u lahaa marinno xoogaa ka duwan wuxuuna sameeyay laba gacan-biyood oo kale, [[Deadvlei]] iyo Hiddenvlei. Tsauchab wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii {{convert|150|km|mi|abbr=on}}, bedka uu ka helo biyaha (oo ay ku jiraan gacan-biyoodyadiisa, [[Zebra River|Webiga Zebra]]) waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inta u dhaxaysa 4,000<ref name=Jacobson>{{Cite book | last1=Jacobson | first1=Peter J. | last2=Jacobson | first2=Kathryn M. | last3=Seely | first3=Mary K. | title=Ephemeral rivers and their catchments: Sustaining people and development in western Namibia |url=http://www.the-eis.com/data/literature/Ephemeral%20rivers%20and%20their%20catchments_1995.pdf | publisher=Desert Research Foundation of Namibia | place=[[Windhoek]] | date=1995 | pages=132–133 |isbn=9991670947 | format=PDF 8.7MB}}</ref> iyo {{Convert|4431|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Strohbach, B.J. |title=Mapping the Major Catchments of Namibia |url=http://www.nbri.org.na/sites/default/files/Mapping%20the%20Major%20Catchments%20of%20Namibia_draft.pdf |journal=Agricola |volume=2008 |date=2008 |pages=63-73 |issn=1015-2334 |oclc=940637734 |format=PDF 1.0MB }}</ref> Maadaama uu ku yaallo [[Namib Desert|Lamadegaanka Namib]], Tsauchab wuxuu qaadaa biyo kaliya xilliyada naadirka ah ee roobku ka da'o [[Naukluft Mountains]] oo uu qulqulo, maadaama uusan si dhakhso ah ugu dhuuxi karin ciidda (fiiri ''[[flash flood|fatahaad degdeg ah]]''). Xilliyada roobabkan, Tsauchab wuxuu noqdaa webi degdeg u qulqula, oo xooggan saacado gudahood. Natiijada roobabka mararka qaarkood da'a, wuxuu labadii milyan ee sano ee la soo dhaafay qoday [[Sesriem Canyon]], kaas oo ah dooxad dhererkeedu yahay {{Convert|1|km|abbr=on}} oo qoto dheer ilaa {{Convert|30|m|abbr=on}} oo ka samaysan [[sedimentary rock|dhagaxyo dhoobo ah]]. Dooxada ka dib, Tsauchab wuu fidaa oo wuu ballaaraa, waxaana ku hareeraysan [[riparian forest|kayn xeebta webiga ah]] iyadoo uu u janjeero dhinaca [[Sossusvlei]] [[salt pan (geology)|salt pan]]. Aagga Sossusvlei, kaynta xeebta webiga waxay ka kooban tahay labadaba geedo nool oo ay ku jiraan [[Maerua crassifolia]] iyo lafaha geedaha dhintay ee hadhay.<ref>{{cite web|title=The photographs of the Tsauchab river which were made at the following geo coordinates: 24°38'42.6"S 15°39'06.9"E|url=https://independent-travellers.com/namibia/sossusvlei/index.php#river|website=Independent Travellers|publisher=independent-travellers.com|accessdate=January 9, 2018}}</ref> Sossusvlei, Sesriem Canyon iyo buuraha ciidda dhaadheer ee u dhexeeya labada waa qaar ka mid ah [[Tourism in Namibia|goobaha dalxiiska ugu muhiimsan ee Namibia]]. ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriiriyeyaal dibadeed== * [http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=42396&src=eoa-iotd Tsauchab River and Sossus Vlei Lakebed, Namibia] oo ku yaalla website-ka [[NASA Earth Observatory]] *{{commonscatinline}} 7fas3l5wzj701e81wh5oljuz52mnfju 10 47989 299521 2026-06-26T13:11:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299521 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--{{Pronunciation needed}} begin-->{{Fix | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:</includeonly><includeonly>substcheck}}</includeonly> | link = Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation | text = ku dhawaaqid? | title = This word should have a pronunciation transcription or recording. | date = {{{date|}}} | cat = [[Category:Articles needing pronunciation]] }}<!--{{Pronunciation needed}} end--><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 5ryfwjwjinm5qukpkvfu65olpuet6gf 0 47990 299522 2026-06-26T13:15:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299522 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Greater Limpopo Transfrontier Park sketch map.svg|thumb|300px|Khariidadda kooban ee [[Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park]]]] Dawladda Mozambique waxay aasaastay '''Beerta Qaranka Limpopo''' ({{langx|pt|'''Parque Nacional do Limpopo'''}}) sannadkii 2002 markii ay beddeshay heerka aagga isticmaalka duurjoogta ee Coutada 16 ee [[Gaza Province|Gobolka Gaza]] kana dhigtay mid ka socda heshiis ugaarsi loogu beddelayo aag la ilaaliyo. LNP (Boortaqiis: PNL) waxay qayb ka tahay [[Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park]] iyadoo ay la socoto [[Kruger National Park]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] iyo [[Gonarezhou National Park]] ee [[Zimbabwe]]. ==Juqraafiga== Dhanka maamulka, beerta waxaa loo qaybiyaa [[Chicualacuala District|Degmada Chicualacuala]] ({{convert|6400|km2|mi2}}), [[Massingir District|Degmada Massingir]] ({{convert|2100|km2|mi2}}), iyo [[Mabalane District|Degmada Mabalane]] ({{convert|1500|km2|mi2}}).<ref name="profile_mabalane">{{cite web|url=http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/por/content/download/2960/23852/version/1/file/Mabalane.pdf|title=Perfil do Distrito de Mabalane|publisher=Ministry of State Administration|language=Portuguese|year=2005|accessdate=25 October 2016|archive-date=21 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221155546/http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/por/content/download/2960/23852/version/1/file/Mabalane.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Beertu waxay qayb ka tahay [[Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park]], oo ah 35,000 km² oo ah [[peace park|beerta nabadda]] oo isku xirta beertan, [[Kruger National Park]] ee Koonfur Afrika, [[Gonarezhou National Park]], [[Manjinji Pan Sanctuary]] iyo [[Malipati Safari Area]] ee Zimbabwe, iyo sidoo kale aagga u dhexeeya Kruger iyo Gonarezhou, dhulka bulshada ee Sengwe ee Zimbabwe iyo gobolka Makuleke ee Koonfur Afrika.<ref name=Siyabona>{{cite web |url=http://www.krugerpark.co.za/krugerpark-times-3-19-banhine-23758.html |title=Banhine In The Grip Of Drought |publisher=Siyabona Africa |accessdate=2011-10-15}}</ref> ==Duurjoogta== Beertani waxay hoy u tahay noocyada naasleyda oo ay ku jiraan [[African bush elephant|maroodiga]], [[Panthera leo melanochaita|libaaxa]], [[Cape wild dog|eyga duurjoogta ah ee Cape]], [[African leopard|shabeelka]], [[rhinoceros|wiyisha]], [[blue wildebeest|wildebeest buluug ah]], [[spotted hyena|waran-dhabe]], [[African buffalo|maroodi-geelka Cape]], [[mongoose|mangos-ka]], [[Greater kudu|kudu-ga weyn]], [[South African giraffe|giraafa]], [[zebra|zebrada]], [[oribi|oribi-ga]], iyo [[hippopotamus|jeero-jeeraha]]. ==Taariikhda== Iyadoo la kaashanayo R42 milyan oo ay ku deeqday Jarmalka, beerta cusub ayaa lagu horumarinayaa xayndaab iyo unugyo ka hortagga ugaarsiga sharci-darrada ah. Beerta waxaa loo qaybiyaa saddex aag oo kala duwan oo loo isticmaalo: aagga dalxiiska, aagga lamadegaanka, iyo aagga isticmaalka khayraadka (ugaarsiga). Koonfurta waxaa ku yaalla [[Massingir Dam]] iyo magaalada [[Massingir]] ee [[Massingir District|Degmada Massingir]], taas oo ah xarunta maamulka ee beerta cusub, halka xadka waqooyina uu yahay [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]]. Sannadkii 2001, rarista tiro badan oo xayawaan ah oo laga soo raray Kruger National Park loona raray Beerta Qaranka Limpopo ayaa bilaabmay. Sannadkii 2003, dawladda Mozambique waxay bartilmaameedsatay toddoba tuulo oo ku yaalla biyaha-mareenka ee Webiga Shingwedzi, oo gudaha u ah LNP, si dib u dejin loogu sameeyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Milgroom; Spierenburg |first=Jessica; Marja |date=2008 |title=Induced volition: Resettlement from the Limpopo National Park, Mozambique |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/02589000802482021 |journal=Journal of Contemporary African Studies |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=435–448 |doi=10.1080/02589000802482021 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Witter |first=Rebecca |title=Elephant-induced Displacement and the Power of Choice Moral Narratives about Resettlement in Mozambique′s Limpopo National Park |journal=Conservation and Society |date=2013 |volume=11 |issue=4 |page=406 |doi=10.4103/0972-4923.125756 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2013CoSoc..11..406W }}</ref> Ilaa 2026 qaar ka mid ah tuulooyinka ayaa dib u dejin loo sameeyay, qaarna weli looma samayn. Shaqada xarunta xadka ee Giriyondo ee u dhexeeya Koonfur Afrika iyo Mozambique ayaa bilaabatay Maarso 2004. * Xarunta beerta iyo hoyga shaqaalaha ayaa la dhisay; * Xarumaha dalxiiska ee ugu horreeyay ayaa la furay Sebtembar 2005 waxaana ka mid ah xerada teendhada ee Machampane, jidka duurjoogta ee Machampane, jidka 4×4 ee Shingwedzi, xero-xareedda Aguia Pesqueira, jidka lugeynta ee Massingir iyo Campismo Albufeira; * Wejiga labaad ee horumarinta dalxiiska ee beerta ayaa bilaabmay qaybta hore ee 2008. Tani waxay ku lug leedahay horumarinta heshiisyada ee aagagga Boala iyo Madonse iyo sidoo kale heshiis dheeri ah oo ku yaalla Massingir; ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Aagagga la ilaaliyo ee Mozambique]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriiriyeyaal dibadeed== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080828071020/http://www.limpopopn.gov.mz/index_en.asp Website-ka rasmiga ah] * http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090520140254/http%3A//www.actf.gov.mz/parque_limpopo.html {{coord|23|52|S|32|08|E|dim:1000_scale:10000_region:MZ_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}} {{authority control}} chpew0lp1ickfv8porikqz1kvleb0so 0 47991 299523 2026-06-26T13:17:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Xinavane |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Mozambique |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mapsize =200 |subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Dal]] |subdivision_name = {{MOZ}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Mozambique|Gobollada]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Maputo Province|Gobolka Maputo]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Mozambique|Degmada]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Manhiça District|Degmada Manhiça]] |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2006 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--> |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_mi2 = |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|25|11|53|S|32|52|3|E|region:MZ|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Xinavane''' waa magaalo ku taalla [[Incomati River|Webiga Incomati]], oo ku taalla [[Manhiça District|Degmada Manhiça]] ee [[Maputo Province|Gobolka Maputo]], ee [[Mozambique]] qiyaastii 80 kiiloomitir waqooyi ka xigta [[Maputo]]. ==Dhaqaalaha== [[Tongaat Hulett Sugar]] waxay beertaan [[sugarcane|sonkor]] waxayna maamulaan [[sugar mill|warshad sonkor]] oo ku taalla Xinavane.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huletts.co.za/ops/mozambique.asp|title=Tongaat Hulett Sugar South Africa - Operations - Mozambique|work=huletts.co.za|access-date=2 May 2015|archive-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316001448/http://www.huletts.co.za/ops/mozambique.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sannadkii 2009 warshadda sonkortu waxay dhammaystirtay ballaarin weyn, oo ay naqshadeeyeen oo maamulayeen [[PGBI Engineers & Constructors]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pgbi.co.za/|title=PGBI Group - Engineering Your Future|work=pgbi.co.za|access-date=2 May 2015|archive-date=2 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502085637/http://www.pgbi.co.za/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} em7z0zin7h29wdf9ix50bm5msxpa889 0 47992 299524 2026-06-26T13:19:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299524 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dooxada Ahzar''' ({{coord|15|41|N|3|51|E}}) waa [[wadi|dooxad (wadi)]] ku taalla [[West Africa|Galbeedka Afrika]]. Inta badan socodkeeda, wadigan wuxuu qayb ka yahay xuduudda caalamiga ah ee u dhexeysa [[Mali]] iyo [[Niger]]. Wuxuu kala qaybiyaa [[Ménaka Region|Gobolka Ménaka]] ee dalka Mali iyo [[Tahoua Region|Gobolka Tahoua]] iyo [[Tillabéri Region|Gobolada Tillabéri]] ee dalka Niger.<ref name = "gn2461224">[{{Geonameslink|gnid=2461224|name=vallee%20de%20l'ahzar}} Vallée de l'Ahzar] sa [{{Geonamesabout}} Geonames.org (cc-by)]; post updated 2014-10-01; database download in 2016-10-22</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vallee de l'Ahzar}} bzp2ia9ozrb28f3lsxjfyuxqinoo1m7 10 47993 299525 2026-06-26T13:20:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299525 wikitext text/x-wiki https://www.geonames.org/{{{gnid}}}/{{{name}}}.html<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 2doxltaijn7otrl6926lbveseup35t6 10 47994 299526 2026-06-26T13:21:22Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299526 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Geonames_link]] tgvv4m06nz1oc8p1y20zg4j4oxn6x86 10 47995 299527 2026-06-26T13:22:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299527 wikitext text/x-wiki https://www.geonames.org/about.html<noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> r5kxtpvp1eoyaawvbshx8cbkndnabut 0 47996 299528 2026-06-26T13:24:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ikelemba | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Meesha uu afka ka galo Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Congo River|Webiga Kongo]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|0.1102|18.2768|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Congo River|Webiga Kongo]] | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = }} '''Webiga Ikelemba''' ({{langx|sw|Mto Ikelemba}}) waa webi ku yaalla Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo. Waa gacan-biyood bidix ka mid ah [[Congo River|Webiga Kongo]]. ==Goobta== Webiga Ikelemba wuxuu u qulqulaa qaanso laga bilaabo bariga ilaa galbeedka. Waxa uu maraa {{convert|137|km}} laga bilaabo Bombimba ilaa meesha uu ka galo Webiga Kongo.{{sfn|Kisangani|2016|p=293}} Wuxuu ku biiraa Kongo dhinaca bari wax yar waqooyi ka xigta meesha uu [[Ruki River|Webiga Ruki]] ka galo Webiga Kongo.{{sfn|Way: Ikelemba (12078535)}} [[Lulonga River|Lulonga]], Ikelemba iyo [[Busira River|Busira]] dhammaantood waxay qayb ka yihiin kaymaha fatahaadda ee Mbandaka, kuwaas oo daboola aag si joogto ah u fataha {{convert|10415|km2}}.{{sfn|Zaire (Contd.) ... FAO}} ==Xilligii Gumaystaha== Sahamiyaha [[Henry Morton Stanley]] ayaa booqday gobolka. Wuxuu qoray in Ikelemba uu galay Kongo ilaa {{convert|30|mi}} ka sarreeya Webiga Mohindu ama Buruki ([[Ruki River]]).{{sfn|Stanley|2011|p=344}}{{efn|Khariidad casri ah ayaa muujinaysa Ikelemba oo galaya Kongo ilaa {{convert|2|mi}} waqooyi ka xigta afka Ruki. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khariidaddu waxay kaloo muujinaysaa in webigu ka soo qulqulo waqooyiga isagoo u siman Kongo iyada oo dhex maraya dhul dhiiqo leh.{{sfn|Way: Ikelemba (12078535)}} Koorsada u dhow afka ayaa laga yaabaa inay isbeddeshay tan iyo xilligii Stanley.}} Wuxuu ku qiyaasay inay bixin doonto {{convert|125|mi}} oo koorsada webiga ah oo loo heli karo ganacsi, wuxuuna sheegay inay ahayd kaydka ganacsiga ee qabiilka Bakuti.{{sfn|Stanley|2011|p=344}} Webigu wuxuu ahaa ilaa {{convert|150|yd}} ballac ah, wuxuuna lahaa biyo madow.{{sfn|Stanley|2011|p=77}} Stanley wuxuu qiyaasay in Ikelemba, Lulungu ([[Lulonga River]]) iyo Mohindu laga yaabo inay ku xiran yihiin nidaam kanaallo ah oo dhex mara kayn hoose oo hawd ah.{{sfn|Stanley|2011|p=78}} Shirkadda Ikelemba waxaa la aasaasay [[Congo Free State]] 29 Oktoobar 1898 si ay uga faa'iidaysato Webiga Ikelemba, iyada oo leh raasumaal dhan 500,000 oo faran. Laba sano oo ugu horreeyay shirkaddu waxay guratay ilaa 5 tan oo cinjir ah bishii, waxayna nadiifisay {{convert|50|ha}} si ay u beerto bun, kookaha iyo geedaha cinjirka. Taas ka dib natiijooyinku waxay ahaayeen kuwo liita, shirkaduna waxay la ildaranayd hoos u dhaca qiimaha cinjirka. Sannadkii 1910 dhammaan hantidii shirkadda waxaa loo wareejiyay Société Equatoriale Congolaise Lulonga-Ikelemba oo cusub.{{sfn|L'Ikelemba S.A.}} ==Qoraallo== {{notes}} ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist|30em}} ==Isha== {{refbegin}} *{{citation |last=Kisangani|first=Emizet Francois|title=Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sj9mDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA293 |access-date=2021-03-21|date=2016-11-18|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-7316-0}} *{{citation |url=https://www.ray-scripophile.be/index.php/en/husbandry-plantations/201-the-l-ikelemba-s-a |access-date=2021-03-21 |title=L'Ikelemba S.A. |work=Ray-Scripophile.be |ref={{harvid|L'Ikelemba S.A.}} }} *{{citation |last=Stanley|first=Henry Morton|title=The Congo and the Founding of Its Free State: A Story of Work and Exploration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7eJXcOIjUEC&pg=PA344 |access-date=2021-03-21|date=2011-08-25|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-03132-5}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/12078535#map=11/0.1768/18.4206 |access-date=2021-03-21 |title=Way: Ikelemba (12078535) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Way: Ikelemba (12078535)}} }} *{{citation |chapter-url=http://www.fao.org/3/T0473E/T0473E13.htm |access-date=2021-03-21 |title=Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa |volume=1 |chapter=Zaire (Contd.) |publisher=FAO |ref={{harvid|Zaire (Contd.) ... FAO}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} g1cec259wgqq0minu65qguucife3y5q 0 47997 299529 2026-06-26T13:28:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|5.342|-4.659|display=title}} [[File:Rivers of Ivory Coast East coast.png|thumb|right|Webiyada Xeebta Bari ee Ivory Coast (Ira dhinaca bidix ee hoose ee Xarunta)]] '''Webiga Ira''' waa webi ku yaalla [[Ivory Coast]] ee Galbeedka Afrika. Webigu wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa ilo ku yaalla [[Lacs District|Degmada Lacs]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed ka hor inta uusan ku shubin dhinaca galbeed ee [[Ébrié Lagoon|Harada Ébrié]].{{citation needed|date=Agoosto 2019}} Cimilada gobolkan waxay u dhaxaysaa dabaylo qoyan oo ka imanaya Badweynta Atlaantik oo samaynaya [[Monsoon#Africa|Monsoon-ka Galbeedka Afrika]] iyo dabaylo engegan oo [[harmattan]] ah oo ka imanaya [[Sahara|Saxaraha]]. Xilliyadan roobka iyo abaaraha ee is bedbeddelaya ayaa keena kala duwanaansho weyn oo ku yimaada mugga biyaha webiyada aaggan.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kouakou, Akissi Bienve Pélagie |author2=Lawin, Emmanuel Agnidé |author3=Kamagaté, Bamory |author4=Dao, Amidou |author5=Savané, Issiaka |author6=Srohourou, Bernard |year=2016 |title=Rainfall Variability across the Agneby Watershed at the Agboville Outlet in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa |journal=Hydrology |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=43 |doi=10.3390/hydrology3040043 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Komoe River}} mpnzwvqv98ezrwe1v4izs2zot8bpxzo 0 47998 299530 2026-06-26T13:31:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299530 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rivers of Ivory Coast East coast.png|thumb|right|Webiyada Xeebta Bari ee Ivory Coast (Agneby oo ku taal Xarunta)]] '''Webiga Agneby''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Webiga Agbo''', waa webi ku yaalla [[Ivory Coast]] ee Galbeedka Afrika. Webigu wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa ilo u dhow [[Agoua]] oo ku yaalla gobolka [[Bongouanou]], wuxuu u qulqulaa dhinaca koonfureed wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Ébrié Lagoon|Harada Ébrié]] ee koonfurta dalka. Cimilada gobolkan waxay u dhaxaysaa dabaylo qoyan oo ka imanaya Badweynta Atlaantik oo samaynaya [[Monsoon#Africa|Monsoon-ka Galbeedka Afrika]] iyo dabaylo engegan oo [[harmattan]] ah oo ka imanaya [[Sahara|Saxaraha]]. Xilliyadan roobka iyo abaaraha ee is bedbeddelaya ayaa keena kala duwanaansho weyn oo ku yimaada mugga biyaha webiga.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kouakou, Akissi Bienve Pélagie |author2=Lawin, Emmanuel Agnidé |author3=Kamagaté, Bamory |author4=Dao, Amidou |author5=Savané, Issiaka |author6=Srohourou, Bernard |year=2016 |title=Rainfall Variability across the Agneby Watershed at the Agboville Outlet in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa |journal=Hydrology |volume= 3|issue= 4|page=43 |doi=10.3390/hydrology3040043 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{coord|5.3009|-4.3349|type:river_region:CI|format=dms|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Agneby River}} 19oi1hsvu83amxae9anvt9huy0lk228 0 47999 299531 2026-06-26T13:36:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bakoy | native_name = {{native name|fr|Rivière Bakoye}} | image = Senegalrivermap.png | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = Khariidadda bedka uu biyaha ka helo Webiga Sénégal | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1 = Monts Ménien | source1_location = Menien-Koma, Guinea | source1_coordinates= {{coord|11|50|N|9|45|W}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|760|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Sénégal River|Webiga Sénégal]] | mouth_location = [[Bafoulabé]], Mali | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|13|48|50|N|10|49|41|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|83|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dalal | subdivision_name1 = [[Guinea]] iyo [[Mali]] | location = |length_km=560 | discharge1_avg = {{convert|156|m3/s|abbr=on}} |basin_size_km2=85,600 | river_system = [[Sénégal River|Webiga Sénégal]] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = Baloué {{coord|13|32|58|N|9|54|35|W}} }}{{Short description|Webi ku yaalla Galbeedka Afrika}} {{Image frame|width=280|content= Webiga Bakoy oo ku yaalla [[Oualia]], Mali <timeline> #>Documentation at http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:EasyTimeline/syntax <# Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:280 height:200 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:15 top:5 right:5 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:800 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:200 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:100 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo PlotData= #>Draw bars <# color:barra width:12 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 18 bar:Feb from:0 till: 15 bar:Mar from:0 till: 4 bar:Apr from:0 till: 1 bar:May from:0 till: 0 bar:Jun from:0 till: 17 bar:Jul from:0 till: 131 bar:Aug from:0 till: 512 bar:Sep from:0 till: 715 bar:Oct from:0 till: 328 bar:Nov from:0 till: 90 bar:Dec from:0 till: 38 </timeline> | caption = Celceliska qulqulka billaha ah (m³/s) ee saldhigga cabbiraadda Oualia intii u dhaxaysay 1951-1978<ref name=unesco>{{citation |publisher=Unesco International Hydrological Programme |title=Hydrographic data for Oualia, Mali 1951-1978 |url=http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~2.htm |accessdate=2 Jun 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203130342/http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part%274/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~2.htm |archivedate=2009-12-03 }}.</ref> }} '''Bakoy''' ama '''Webiga Bakoye''' ([[French language|Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Bakoy'') waa webi ku yaalla [[West Africa|Galbeedka Afrika]]. Wuxuu dhex maraa [[Guinea]] iyo [[Mali]] wuxuuna ku biiraa [[Bafing River|Webiga Bafing]] si ay u sameeyaan [[Sénégal River|Webiga Sénégal]] meesha [[Bafoulabé]] ee ku yaalla [[Kayes Region|Gobolka Kayes]] ee galbeedka Mali. Luuqadaha [[Manding languages|Manding]], Bakoye waxay ka dhigan tahay 'webiga cad', Bafing 'webiga madow' iyo Baloué 'webiga cas'.<ref name=omvs>{{citation | title=Caractéristiques physiques du fleuve Sénégal | url=http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | publisher=Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal | language=French | accessdate=2 June 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716144235/http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | archive-date=2013-07-16 | url-status=dead }}.</ref><ref>{{citation | last= Maïga | first= Mahamadou | title=Le bassin du fleuve Sénégal: de la Traite négrière au développement sous-régional autocentré | publisher= L'Harmattan | year=1995 | language=French | page=14 footnotes 4, 5 }}.</ref> Isha uu ka yimaado Bakoy waa joog dhan {{Convert|760|m|ft|abbr=on}} oo ku yaalla buuraha granite ee Monts Ménien waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Siguiri]] ee dalka Guinea. Webigu wuxuu u qulqulaa waqooyi wuxuuna qayb ka yahay xuduudda caalamiga ah ee u dhexeysa Guinea iyo Mali. Ka dib wuxuu ku wareegaa [[Manding Plateau]] wuxuuna ku biiraa gacan-biyoodkiisa ugu weyn, [[Baloué]], kaas oo ka soo kaca galbeedka [[Bamako]].<ref name=whycos>{{citation|title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d’observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire) |publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS) |url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |year=2007 |language=French |page=4 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |archivedate=2013-12-28 }}.</ref> Bakoy wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay {{Convert|560|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref>{{citation | last= Shahin | first= Mamdouh |year=2002 | title=Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa | publisher=Kluwer| place=New York | isbn= 9781402008665 | page=379 }}.</ref> wuxuuna qulquliyaa bed dhan {{Convert|85,600|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Webigu waa mid xilliyeed leh qulqul ugu badnaan Sebtembar ka dib bilowga [[West African Monsoon]] iyo ku dhawaad qulqul la'aan inta u dhaxaysa Jannaayo iyo Juun.<ref name=unesco/> Kala duwanaanshaha weyn ee sannadba sannadka ka dambeeya ee xoogga monsoon-ka ayaa keenaya isbeddello waaweyn oo ku yimaada qulqulka Webiga Bakoy. Sannadkii aadka u engegan ee 1972, celceliska qulqulka ee [[Oualia]] [[Stream gauge|saldhigga cabbiraadda]], {{Convert|54|km|mi|abbr=on}} xagga sare ee Bafoulabé, wuxuu ahaa kaliya {{Convert|30|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} halka 1958 qiimuhu ahaa {{Convert|260|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}. Celceliska qulqulka intii u dhaxaysay 1951-1978 wuxuu ahaa {{Convert|156|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}, taas oo u dhiganta qulqul sannadle ah oo dhan {{Convert|4.9|km3||abbr=on}}.<ref name=unesco/> Bafoulabé, celceliska qulqulka Bakoy wuxuu u dhexeeyaa saddex meelood meel iyo badh ka mid ah kan Bafing.<ref>{{citation | title=Étude des impacts environnementaux du projet d’aménagement de Félou | year=2006 | publisher=Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal | url=http://www.eib.org/attachments/pipeline/1527_eia_fr.pdf | language=French | pages=59–61 }}.</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} de8ym42ioq5nkjb94br4wzui0oif34a 0 48000 299532 2026-06-26T13:40:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299532 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Potou Lagoon''' waa biyo gacmeed gacmeed oo inta badan ku yaalla meel u dhow '''Aguien Lagoon''' oo ku yaalla geeska koonfur-bari ee Jamhuuriyadda [[Ivory Coast]]. Waa qiyaastii {{convert|16|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} dherer ah iyo {{convert|1|to|3|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} ballac ah.<ref name=Hughes>{{cite book|author=Hughes, R.H.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA341 |year=1992 |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-88032-949-5 |pages=341–345}}</ref> {{coord|5.362|N|3.788|W|display=title}} ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} tpc70vlz9uvy8jt3tpg1zzpzi6fguy7 0 48001 299533 2026-06-26T13:44:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Harada Piso | image = Lake Piso.jpg | caption = | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry= |pushpin_map=Liberia | location = [[Grand Cape Mount County|Gobolka Grand Cape Mount]] | coords = {{coord|6|44|7|N|11|15|4|W|type:waterbody_region:LR|display=inline,title}} | type = | inflow = ''webiyo kala duwan'' | outflow = ''[[inlet|kanaal]] loo maro [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]]'' | catchment = | basin_countries = Liberia | length = {{convert|19|mi|km|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="Fox, 26"/> | width = {{convert|10|mi|km|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="Fox, 26"/> | area = {{convert|103|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} | depth = | max-depth = | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = | islands = dhowr (oo ay ku jirto [[Massatin Island|Jasiiradda Massatin]]) | cities = |embedded = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_date = 2 Luulyo 2003 | designation1_number = 1306<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Piso|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1306|accessdate=25 Abriil 2018}}</ref>}} }} [[Image:Grand Cape Mount County Liberia locator.png|thumb|right|[[Grand Cape Mount County|Gobolka Grand Cape Mount]] (oo la iftiimiyay) dhinaca galbeed ee [[Liberia]]]] '''Harada Piso''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Lake Pisu'''<ref name="Walters, forms part of larger multipurpose land reserve 79">Walters, ''Guanya Pau'', p. 79.</ref> iyo '''Fisherman's Lake''',<ref name="Cole, 192">Cole, ''The Liberian Yearbook'', p. 192.</ref><ref name="Nelson, 47">Nelson, ''Liberia, a Country Study'', p. 47.</ref> waa [[tide|gacanka]] biyaha oo [[lagoon|xiran]]<ref name="Streissguth, 10">Streissguth, ''Liberia in Pictures'', p. 10.</ref><ref name="Fox, 26">Fox, ''Butterflies of Liberia'', p. 26.</ref><ref name="Hughes, 387">Hughes et al., ''Directory of African Wetlands'', p. 387.</ref> oo ku yaalla [[Grand Cape Mount County|Gobolka Grand Cape Mount]] ee galbeedka [[Liberia]], meel u dhow magaalada [[Robertsport]]. Magaceedu wuxuu ka soo jeedaa erey maxalli ah oo macnihiisu yahay "godka qoolleyda" – tixraac ku saabsan [[flock (birds)|daaqsinka]] [[pigeon|qoolleyda]] oo mar soo aadi jiray Lake Piso si ay u cabbaan biyo.<ref name="Streissguth, 10"/> ==Juqraafiga== Haradu waxay leedahay bed dhan {{convert|103|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Streissguth, 10"/> Waa harada ugu weyn Liberia.<ref name="Hughes, 387"/><ref name="Streissguth, 72">Streissguth, ''Liberia in Pictures'', p. 72.</ref> [[File:Lake Piso Drone Shot.jpg|thumb|Muuqaalka koonfur-galbeed ee Lake Piso]] ===Biyo-mareenka=== Haradan [[brackish water|biyaha milixda leh]] waxay xuduud la leedahay [[peninsula|gacanka]] Cape Mount. Waxay ku xiran tahay [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] iyada oo loo marayo [[inlet|kanaal]] cidhiidhi ah<ref name="Walters, forms part of larger multipurpose land reserve 79" /> oo maxalli ahaan loogu yaqaan "bar mouth".<ref name="Walters, 39">Walters, ''Guanya Pau'', p. 39.</ref> Webiyo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan Mole Creek iyo Webiga Mafa, ayaa ku shubma haradan.<ref name="Walters, forms part of larger multipurpose land reserve 79" /><ref name="Hughes, 387"/> ===Deegaanka=== Waxaa jira dhowr jasiiradood oo ku yaalla harada, oo ay ku jirto [[Massatin Island|Jasiiradda Massatin]], kuwaas oo ah meelo ay ku nool yihiin daanyeerro iyo shimbiro. Harada waxaa loo aqoonsaday [[Important Bird Area|Goob Shimbireed Muhiim ah]] (IBA) oo ay samaysay [[BirdLife International]] sababtoo ah waxay taageertaa dad badan oo ka mid ah noocyada shimbiraha.<ref name=bli>{{cite web |url= https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/lake-piso-(cape-mount)-iba-liberia |title= Lake Piso (Cape Mount)|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 2024-11-08}}</ref> ==Taariikhda== Intii lagu jiray [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], Lake Piso waxay u shaqayn jirtay [[military base|saldhig ciidan]] oo loogu talagalay [[Allies of World War II|Xulafada]] [[seaplane|diyaaradaha biyaha]].<ref name="Fox, 26"/><ref name="Nelson, 47"/> Waxay sidoo kale u adeegtay sidii magangelyo ku-meel-gaar ah oo loogu talagalay qaar ka mid ah dadka reer Liberia intii lagu jiray [[First Liberian Civil War|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Liberia]].<ref name="Streissguth, 10"/> Lake Piso waxay qulqulatay xeebaheeda ugu yaraan laba jeer 1998, taas oo sababtay fatahaad xooggan oo ka dhacday Degmada Garwular. Fatahaadkii Agoosto 1998 wuxuu dhacay sababtoo ah xirnaanshaha kanaalka cidhiidhiga ah ee ku xira harada Badweynta Atlaantik, taasoo waxyeello u geysatay qaar ka mid ah guryaha.<ref> {{cite news | title = Liberian Daily News Bulletin | work = Star Radio (Monrovia) | date = 1998-08-22 }}</ref> Fatahaado dheeraad ah oo dhacay Sebtembar iyo Oktoobar, oo ay keeneen roobab mahiigaan ah, ayaa saameeyay in ka badan labaatan degsiimo, taasoo keentay dhimashada ugu yaraan toban qof, iyadoo kumanaan kun oo qof ay hoy la'aan noqdeen, qaar kalena ku qasbanaadeen inay ka tagaan guryahooda.<ref> {{cite news | title = Flooding in Liberia | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/184693.stm | work = [[BBC News]] | date = 1998-10-01 | access-date = 2008-03-10 }}</ref><ref> {{cite news | title = Liberian Daily News Bulletin | work = Star Radio (Monrovia) | date = 1998-09-17 }}</ref><ref> {{cite news | title = Liberian Daily News Bulletin | work = Star Radio (Monrovia) | date = 1998-10-09 }}</ref><ref> {{cite news | title = Liberian Daily News Bulletin | work = Star Radio (Monrovia) | date = 1998-10-10 }}</ref><ref> {{cite news | title = Liberian Daily News Bulletin | work = Star Radio (Monrovia) | date = 1998-10-11 }}</ref> Fatahaadaha ayaa ku kalifay dawladda Liberia inay gobolka u aqoonsato "aag musiibo".<ref> {{cite news | title = Liberian Daily News Bulletin | work = Star Radio (Monrovia) | date = 1998-10-23 }}</ref> Diseembar 13–14, 2002, doontii ''Papa Friends 2000'' ayaa ku [[capsize|dallacantay]] Lake Piso, meesha ay isugu tagaan harada iyo Webiga Mafa. [[ferry|Doontii]] alwaaxda ahayd ee dadka badani saarnaayeen waxay siday ku dhawaad 200 oo rakaab ah, badankooduna waxay ka soo laabanayeen aaska [[association football|ciyaartoy kubadda cagta]] ah oo maxalli ah. 15 qof oo kaliya ayaa la badbaadiyay; intii kale way qarqoomeen waxaana la helay ama loo maleeyay inay dhinteen.<ref> {{cite news | title = More than 100 feared dead in boat accident in Liberia | work = [[Xinhua News Agency]] | date = 2002-12-16 }}</ref><ref> {{cite news | author = Toweh, Alphonso | title = At least 60 dead as ferry overloaded with footballer's mourners capsizes | work = [[The Independent]] | page = 13 | date = 2002-12-17 }}</ref><ref> {{cite news | title = More Than 100 Feared Drowned ...in Cape Mount Disaster | work = Africa News | publisher = AllAfrica, Inc. | date = 2002-12-17 }}</ref><ref> {{cite news | title = More than 80 bodies found in ferry accident | work = [[The San Diego Union-Tribune]] | page = A-15 | date = 2002-12-18 }}</ref><ref> {{cite news | title = Ferry disaster death toll rising | work = [[The Ottawa Citizen]] | page = A14 | date = 2002-12-18 }}</ref> [[nature reserve|Kayd dabiici ah]] ayaa laga dhisay meel u dhow Lake Piso 1999<ref name="Outram, 613">Outram, ''Africa South of the Sahara 2004'', p. 613.</ref> iyo, illaa 2004, [[wetland|dhul-qoyan]] Lake Piso, oo daboolaya bed dhan {{convert|76091|ha|km2|0|abbr=on}}, waxay ahaayeen Liberia oo kaliya loo aqoonsaday [[Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance|dhul-qoyan muhiimad caalami ah]].<ref name="UNEP">[[United Nations Environment Programme|UNEP]], ''Desk Study on the Environment in Liberia'', p. 52.</ref> ==Hawlaha aadanaha== Aagga u dhow gacanku waa dhulka hooyo ee dadka [[Vai (ethnic group)|Vai]].<ref name="Walters, 39"/> Hawlaha aadanaha ee Lake Piso waxaa ka mid ah [[fishing|kalluumaysi]] iyo [[water sport|ciyaaraha biyaha]] sida [[human swimming|dabbaasha]], [[canoeing|doon-wadidda]] iyo [[water skiing|biyo-boodka]].<ref name="Streissguth, 72"/> Kahor inta uusan bilaaban [[First Liberian Civil War|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Liberia]], gacanku wuxuu ahaa meel caan ku ah dalxiisayaasha.<ref> {{cite news | title = Boat tragedy in Liberia | work = ONASA News Agency | date = 2002-12-16 }}</ref> [[diamond|Alwaax]] tayo sare leh ayaa laga soo saaray webiyada ku shubma Lake Piso halkaas oo "qodobbada igniyosku ay bixiyaan dabinno qaabdhismeed oo hodan ah".<ref> {{cite news | author = Mano River Resources | title = Mano River Resources - Final Results | work = [[Regulatory News Service]] | date = 1999-05-25 }}</ref> ==Qoraallo== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tixraacyo== * {{cite book | author = Cole, Henry B. (ed) | title = The Liberian Yearbook | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=nzwUAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Lake+Piso%22 | year = 1962 | publisher = Liberian Review }} * {{cite book | author = Fox, Richard Middleton | title = The Butterflies of Liberia | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SjhCAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Lake+Piso%22 | year = 1965 | publisher = [[American Entomological Society]] }} * {{cite book | author = Hughes, R.H., J.S. Hughes, and G. Bernacsek | title = A Directory of African Wetlands | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC | year = 1992 | publisher = [[World Conservation Union]] | location = [[Gland, Switzerland]] | isbn = 2-88032-949-3 }} * {{cite book | author = Nelson, Harold D. (ed) | title = Liberia, a Country Study | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1Q5AU8_k52UC&q=%22Lake+Piso%22 | year = 1985 | publisher = [[United States Government Printing Office]] }} * {{cite book | author = Outram, Quentin | title = Africa South of the Sahara 2004 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jj4J-AXGDaQC | year = 2003 | publisher = [[Routledge|Europa Publications]] | isbn = 978-1-85743-183-4 | pages = 611–18 | chapter = Liberia }} * {{cite book | author = Streissguth, Thomas | title = Liberia in Pictures | url = https://archive.org/details/liberiainpicture0000stre | url-access = registration | series = Visual Geography Series | year = 2006 | publisher = Twenty-First Century Books | isbn = 978-0-8225-2465-6 }} * {{cite book | author = United Nations Environment Programme | author-link = United Nations Environment Programme | title = Desk Study on the Environment in Liberia | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lSpRFGrZODgC | year = 2004 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Programme]] | isbn = 978-92-807-2403-5 }} * {{cite book | author = Walters, Joseph Jeffrey | others = Gareth Griffiths and John Victor Singler (eds) | title = Guanya Pau | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=osYtU1bmrycC | year = 2004 | publisher = Broadview Press | isbn = 978-1-55111-365-4 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Piso}} 9v4rgbsphfxyupgniar0t8v9yii7u54 0 48002 299534 2026-06-26T13:47:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Mofwe Lagoon | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = <!-- Images --> | image = | alt = | caption = | image_bathymetry = | alt_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = <!-- Stats --> | location = [[Luapula Province|Gobolka Luapula]], [[Zambia]] | group = | coordinates = {{coord|9|37|S|28|42|E|type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} | type = | etymology = | part_of = | inflow = [[Mbereshi River|Webiga Mbereshi]], [[Luapula River|Webiga Luapula]] | rivers = | outflow = | oceans = | catchment = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | basin_countries = | agency = | designation = | date-built = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} For man-made and other recent bodies of water --> | engineer = | date-flooded = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} For man-made and other recent bodies of water --> | length = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | width = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | area = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | depth = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | max-depth = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | volume = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | residence_time = | salinity = | shore = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | elevation = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | temperature_high = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | temperature_low = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | frozen = | islands = | islands_category = | sections = | trenches = | benches = | cities = <!-- Map --> | pushpin_map = Zambia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = <!-- Below --> | website = | reference = }} '''Mofwe Lagoon''' waa tan ugu weyn dhowr gacamood oo ku yaalla dhul-qoyan [[Luapula River|Webiga Luapula]] oo koonfur ka xiga [[Lake Mweru|Harada Mweru]], ee [[Luapula Province|Gobolka Luapula]] ee dalka [[Zambia]]. ==Juqraafiga== Cabbirkeeda iyo qaabkeedu waxay ku xiran yihiin xilliga iyo xaddiga biyaha ku qulqulaya dhul-qoyan, gaar ahaan [[Mbereshi River|Webiga Mbereshi]] ee koonfur-bari, oo ah isha ugu weyn ee ay biyaha ka hesho. Guud ahaan dhidibkeeda waqooyi-koonfur waa qiyaastii 14&nbsp;km iyo dhidibkeeda bari-galbeed waa qiyaastii 6&nbsp;km. Jasiirado sabbaynaya oo caws ah ayaa badanaa laga helaa xariiq bari-galbeed ah oo ku taal dhexda, taas oo si wax ku ool ah u kala goyn karta laba, mararka qaarna dhirta ayaa dabooltay inta badan qaybta koonfureed. Muhiimadda Mofwe waxay ku jirtaa kalluumeysigeeda, kaas oo soo jiitay Mwata Kazembe inuu degmo magaalada [[Kanyembo]] oo ku taal cirifkeeda bari qarnigii 19-aad.<ref>Macola, Giacomo (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ta65FvaCA9kC&dq=Mofwe+Lagoon&pg=PA50 ''The kingdom of Kazembe: history and politics in North-Eastern Zambia and Katanga to 1950 (Studies on African History)''], Lit Verlag, p. 50. {{ISBN|3-8258-5997-5}}</ref> Mofwe ma lahan xeeb cayiman mana fududa in la galo, iyadoo ay hareeraysan yihiin xariiq cufan oo ah qasab aad u dhaadheer, waxayna leedahay doonyo sabbaynaya iyo jasiirado caws ah oo inta badan beddela geesaheeda iyo qaabkeeda. Kalluumaysatada maxalliga ah ayaa ku kaxeeya [[dugout (boat)|doonyo alwaax ah]] kanaallo cidhiidhi ah oo dhex mara qasabka si ay u gaaraan biyo furan. Gacanka iyo dhul-qoyanka ku hareeraysan waxay taageeraan dadka [[hippopotamus|jeerka]] iyo [[crocodile|yaxaasyada]]. Gacanka waxaa ka fogaynaya kanaalka ugu weyn ee Luapula 6&nbsp;km oo dhul-qoyan ah. Inkasta oo dhul-qoyanka Luapula ay guud ahaan yihiin 30 ilaa 40&nbsp;km ballac ah inta badan 100&nbsp;km ee dhererkooda, meesha ugu dhow ee Mofwe, bangiga galbeedka Luapula waxaa samaysa jasiirad ku taal [[DR Congo]] oo kaliya 12&nbsp;km u jirta Kanyembo. Tani waxay fududaysaa ganacsiga iyo tahriibinta doonyaha iyadoo la marayo kanaallada iyo gacammada dhul-qoyanka. ==Isha== *[[David Livingstone]] iyo [[Horace Waller (activist)|Horace Waller]] (ed.): ''The Last Journals of David Livingstone in Central Africa from 1865 to his Death''. Labo mug, John Murray, 1874. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} a00fvxllpn9wd2jck81nmpcvdkyjziu 0 48003 299535 2026-06-26T13:50:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299535 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Biyo xireenka Ndogo''' waa gacanka ugu weyn ee [[Gabon]], kaas oo ku yaalla koonfur-galbeed ee dalka. Waxay leedahay bed dhan {{convert|487|km2}}. Waxay u socotaa si barbar-socda xeebta Atlaantik qiyaastii {{convert|40|km}}, iyadoo leh meel ay biyuhu ka baxaan oo u dhaxaysa badda dhinaca waqooyi-galbeed. Sababtoo ah meesha yar ee biyuhu ka baxaan marka loo eego dhererkeeda, biyaha gacanku aad uma [[Saline water|milix badna]], iyadoo milixdeedu ay ka hoosayso 1 g/L.<ref name="BulletinM">{{cite journal |author1=Victor MAMONEKENE |author2=Sébastien LAVOUÉ |author3=Olivier S.G. PAUWELS |author4=Jean Hervé MVE BEH |author5=Jean-Eric MACKAYAH |author6=Landry TCHIGNOUMBA |title=Fish Diversity at Rabi and Gamba, Ogooué-Maritime Province, Gabon |journal=Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington |volume=12 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Olivier-Pauwels/publication/235925790_Fish_diversity_at_Rabi_and_Gamba_Ogooue-Maritime_Province_Gabon/links/09e41514444c75e261000000/Fish-diversity-at-Rabi-and-Gamba-Ogooue-Maritime-Province-Gabon.pdf |access-date=1 March 2026}}</ref> Webiga Ndogo wuxuu ku shubmaa gacanka.<ref name=BulletinL>{{cite journal |title=The Gamba Complex of Protected Areas: An Illustration of Gabon’s Biodiversity |author1=Michelle E. LEE |author2=Alfonso ALONSO |author3=Francisco DALLMEIER |author4=Patrick CAMPBELL |author5=Olivier S.G. PAUWELS |url=http://www.pauwelsolivier.com/docs/Gamba_Illustration_En.pdf |journal=Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington |volume=12 |access-date=1 March 2026}}</ref> [[Setté Cama]] iyo [[Gamba, Gabon|Gamba]] waa laba meelood oo caan ah oo ku yaalla xeebaheeda. Ndogo Lagoon waxay leedahay qiyaastii 350 jasiiradood. Kalluumeysiga ciyaaraha waa mid caan ka ah aagga, waxaana u dhow afka gacanka laga helaa kalluun ay ka mid yihiin [[barracuda]], [[carrangue]], [[redfish]], [[Nile Perch|captaine]], [[tuna]], iyo [[tarpon]]. ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} {{coord|2|35|S|10|00|E|display=title|region:GA_type:waterbody_source:GNS-enwiki}} nn89np22oph1qjlvgwbz9sflxl4zlvm 0 48004 299536 2026-06-26T13:53:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Biyo xireenka Fosu | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = <!-- Images --> | image = | alt = | caption = | image_bathymetry = | alt_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = <!-- Stats --> | location = [[Cape Coast]] | group = | coordinates = {{coord|5.108|-1.259|type:waterbody_region:GH|display=inline,title}} | type = | etymology = | part_of = | inflow = | rivers = | outflow = | oceans = | catchment = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | basin_countries = Ghana | agency = | designation = | date-built = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} For man-made and other recent bodies of water --> | engineer = | date-flooded = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} For man-made and other recent bodies of water --> | length = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | width = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | area = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | depth = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | max-depth = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | volume = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | residence_time = | salinity = | shore = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | elevation = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | temperature_high = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | temperature_low = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | frozen = | islands = | islands_category = | sections = | trenches = | benches = | cities = <!-- Map --> | pushpin_map = Ghana | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = Goobta biyaha ee Ghana. | pushpin_map_caption = <!-- Below --> | website = | reference = }} '''Biyo xireenka Fosu''' waa biyo-gacmeed ku yaalla aagga [[Cape Coast]] ee [[Central Region of Ghana|Gobolka Dhexe ee Ghana]],<ref name=Baffour-Awuah>Baffour-Awuah, Emmanuel, [https://www.academia.edu/10086014/State_of_a_Choked_Lagoon_A_Two-decade_Overview_of_Fosu_Lagoon_in_Cape_Coast_Ghana "State of a 'Choked' Lagoon: A Two-decade Overview of Fosu Lagoon in Cape Coast, Ghana"], via Academia.</ref> kuwaas oo ku shubma [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]].<ref name=Ukpokodu>Ukpokodu, Peter, and Omiunota N. Ukpokodu (eds), [https://books.google.com/books?id=OQIoDwAAQBAJ&q=%22fosu+lagoon%22+amissafo&pg=PA35 ''Contemporary Voices From The Margin: African Educators on African and American Education''], IAP, 2012, p. 35.</ref> Iyadoo ay u ahayd il-baxnaan muhiim ah bulshooyinka ku hareeraysan sannadihii la soo dhaafay, gacanka ayaa ahaa mawduucyo cilmi-baaris ku saabsan saamaynta wasakhaynta iyo xaalufinta deegaanka.<ref name=Baffour-Awuah /><ref>Essel, Bernard, Justice Kwame Gyesi, Richmond Kofi Addo, Wisdom Galley, and Gideon MacCarthy, [https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijecol/2019/6931329/ "The Tale of a Disappearing Lagoon: A Habitat Mapping and Ecological Assessment of Fosu Lagoon, Ghana"], ''[[International Journal of Ecology]]'', Volume 2019. Via Hindawi.com.</ref> Fosu Lagoon waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa dabbaaldegga sannadlaha ah ee [[Fetu Afahye]].<ref>[https://phylx.com/week-2-the-fosu-lagoon/ "#Road2OguaaFetuAfahye2016 WEEK 2: THE FOSU LAGOON"], 21 Luulyo 2016.</ref><ref>[https://centralpressnewspaper.blogspot.com/2011/06/fetu-afahye-festival-preview.html "Preview of Fetu Afahye Festival"], ''Central Press'', 17 Juun 2011.</ref> Maalintii ugu dambaysay ee Agoosto, heegan ayaa ka dhaca gacanka, maalinta xigtana [[Omanhene]] (madaxa dhaqanka) wuxuu qaadaa xayiraaddii usbuuca socotay ee kalluumaysiga ee halkaas.<ref name=Ukpokodu /> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [http://wikimapia.org/8484068/Fosu-Lagoon "Fosu Lagoon (Cape Coast)"], [[Wikimapia]]. 0l4tb4vawr356erpkor3o7ehn5ohxze 0 48005 299537 2026-06-26T13:58:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biyo weyn | name = Biyo xireenka Aby |pushpin_map=Ivory Coast | native_name ={{native name|fr|Lagune Aby}} | image = Lagune Aby.JPG | caption = Aby Lagoon | alt = Harad weyn oo leh waddo ku taal xeebta hore | location = koonfur-bari [[Ivory Coast]], koonfur-galbeed [[Ghana]] | coords = {{coord|5.254|N|3.232|W|region:CI_type:waterbody_scale:500000|display=inline,title}} | type = Gacan [[lagoon|xiran]]<ref name=AJAS/> | inflow = [[Bia River|Webiga Bia]], [[Tano River|Webiga Tano]] | outflow = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | catchment = {{cvt|27650|km2}}<ref name=AJAS/> | basin_countries = Ivory Coast, Ghana | area = {{cvt|424|km2}}<ref name=AJAS/> | depth = {{cvt|3.5|m}}<ref name=AJAS/> | max-depth = {{cvt|17|m}}<ref name=wetlands/> | volume = {{cvt|1.57|km3}}<ref name=AJAS/> | elevation = | islands = Jasiiradaha Ehotilé (Esso, Ngramaïna, Nanobaka) | cities = [[Adiaké]], [[Assinie-Mafia]], [[Eboué, Ivory Coast|Eboué]], [[Etuéboué]], [[Nouamou]], [[Tiapoum]] | reference = }} '''Biyo xireenka Aby''' waa gacanka labaad ee ugu weyn [[Ivory Coast]], ka dib [[Ébrié Lagoon]].<ref name=AJAS>{{cite journal |last=Seu-Anoï |first=N. M. |last2=Ouattara |first2=A. |last3=Koné |first3=Y. J.-M. |last4=Gourène |first4=G. |date=2011 |title=Seasonal distribution of phytoplankton in the Aby lagoon system, Ivory Coast, West Africa |journal=[[African Journal of Aquatic Science]] |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=321–330 |doi=10.2989/16085914.2011.643561 }}</ref> Guud ahaan, gacanku wuxuu leeyahay bed dhan {{cvt|424|km2}}, celcelis qoto dheer oo dhan {{cvt|3.5|m}}, iyo mug dhan {{cvt|1.57|km3}}.<ref name=AJAS/> Wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] iyada oo loo marayo kanaallo cidhiidhi ah oo u dhexeeya Jasiiradaha Ehotilé kuwaas oo ku kulma [[Assinie-Mafia]], halkaas oo Assoindé Lagoon uu sidoo kale ka xiro dhinaca galbeed. Assoindé Lagoon wuxuu ku xiraa nidaamka Aby Lagoon iyo Ébrié Lagoon iyada oo loo marayo Kanaalka Assinie.<ref name=nicole>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U8WC5R7a3vkC&pg=PA43 |title=A Preliminary Inventory of Coastal Wetlands of Côte D'Ivoire |pages=43–44 |first1=M. |last1=Nicole |first2=M. |last2=Egnankou Wadja |first3=M. |last3=Schmidt |publisher=IUCN |year=1994 |isbn=978-2831701448}}</ref> Nidaamka Aby Lagoon wuxuu ka kooban yahay saddex qaybood oo magacyo leh: laga bilaabo galbeed ilaa bari, waxay kala yihiin Aby Lagoon, Tendo Lagoon, iyo Ehy Lagoon. Iyada oo daboolaysa {{cvt|305|km2}}, Aby Lagoon-ka ugu weyn waa tan ugu weyn saddexda qaybood, iyadoo u fidsan {{convert|24.5|km}} waqooyi laga bilaabo afka nidaamka waxayna leedahay ballac ugu badnaan dhan {{cvt|15.5|km}} iyo celcelis qoto dheer oo dhan {{cvt|4.2|m}}.<ref name=AJAS/> Dhinaca koonfur-bari, Tendo Lagoon wuxuu samaystaa gacan {{cvt|3–5|km}} ballac ah oo u fidsan {{cvt|22|km}} bari wuxuuna daboolayaa {{cvt|74|km2}};<ref name=AJAS/><ref name=wetlands/> waxaa [[Ghana–Ivory Coast border|loogu qaybiyay]] Ivory Coast dhinaca waqooyi iyo Ghana dhinaca koonfur. Waxay ku taal Ivory Coast, Ehy Lagoon waxay u fidsan tahay waqooyi-bari dhinaca bari ee Tendo Lagoon, iyadoo daboolaysa {{cvt|45|km2}}.<ref name=AJAS/> Gacan hoosaad loo yaqaan Univaye Lagoon wuxuu ku yaalla Ghana wuxuuna ku shubmaa Tendo Lagoon dhinaca bari.<ref name=wetlands>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA346 |title=A directory of African wetlands |page=346 |first1=R. H. |last1=Hughes |first2=J. S. |last2=Hughes |publisher=IUCN |year=1992 |isbn=978-2-88032-949-5}}</ref> [[Bia River|Webiga Bia]] ayaa quudiya Aby Lagoon-ka ugu weyn dhinaca waqooyi, halka [[Tano River|Webiga Tano]] uu ku shubmo Tendo Lagoon dhinaca bari. Labadan webi waxay isku daraan si ay [[drainage basin|u qulquliyaan]] bed dhan {{cvt|27650|km2}}.<ref name=AJAS/> Cimilada aagga waxay leedahay laba [[rainy season|xilli-roobaad]] (Maajo ilaa Luulyo; Oktoobar ilaa Noofembar) iyo laba [[dry season|xilli-abaareed]] (Agoosto ilaa Sebtembar; Diseembar ilaa Abriil). Roobabka sannadlaha ah waa qiyaastii {{cvt|2000|mm}}.<ref name=AJAS/> Milixda gacanka way isbeddelaa iyadoo loo eegayo roobabka waxayna gaartaa meesha ugu sarreysa Maarso iyo Abriil. Qaybta koonfureed ee Aby Lagoon-ka ugu weyn ayaa leh milixda ugu badan, halka meelaha u dhow afafka Bia iyo Tano ay ahaadaan biyo macaan sanadka oo dhan.<ref name=konan>{{cite web |url=http://pubs.iclarm.net/Pubs/Way%20Forward/3%20lagoon.pdf |title=Co-management in Aby Lagoon, Côte d'Ivoire |last1=Konan |first1=Angaman |work=Proceedings of the International Workshop on Fisheries Co-management |accessdate=23 February 2017 |archive-date=23 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223212527/http://pubs.iclarm.net/Pubs/Way%20Forward/3%20lagoon.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Beeraha iyo kalluumaysigu waa hawlaha dhaqaale ee ugu muhiimsan hareeraha gacanka.<ref name=nicole/> ''[[Ethmalosa fimbriata]]'' waxay ka kooban tahay 60% ilaa 80% kalluunka laga soo qabto gacanka.<ref name=konan/> Dalagyada ugu muhiimsan ee aagga ku hareeraysan waa qumbaha, timirta saliidda, muuska, kookaha iyo kafeega.<ref name=AJAS/> Jasiiradaha Ehotilé waxaa laga ilaaliyaa sidii [[Îles Ehotilés National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Îles Ehotilés]], oo la aasaasay 1974 dadaalka bulshooyinka maxalliga ah. Waxay sidoo kale qayb ka yihiin [[Ramsar site|goobta Ramsar]] ee [[Iles Ehotilé-Essouman]], taas oo daboolaysa {{cvt|272.74|km2}} ee gacanka iyo meelaha ku hareeraysan.<ref name=ramsar>{{cite web |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1584 |title=Iles Ehotilé-Essouman |publisher=Ramsar Sites Information Service |date=18 October 2005 |accessdate=23 February 2017}}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aby Lagoon}} l40uwvlov0ylj3s1ksdqo4m6fes6r1v 0 48006 299538 2026-06-26T14:01:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|1410|m}} | name = Webiga Belessa | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|14|37|59|N|39|1|16|E}} | native_name = {{native name|am|ሩባ በለሳ}} | other_name = Belesa | subdivision_type1 = Dalal | subdivision_name1 = [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]] | source1 = Buuraha Tigray | source1_location = Meel u dhow [[Adigrat]] | source1_elevation = {{cvt|2936|m}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|14|17|25|N|39|25|42|E|display=it}} | mouth = [[Mareb River|Webiga Mareb]] | length = {{cvt|76|km}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|0.273|m3/s}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|4.39|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|24.6|m3/s}} | progression = [[Mareb River|Mareb]] → [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] → [[Nile|Niil]] → [[Mediterranean Sea|Badda Midhitariiniya]] | river_system = Dooxada Niil | basin_size = {{cvt|1775|km2}} | basin_population = 209,000<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> }}{{Short description|Webi ku yaalla Ethiopia iyo Eritrea}} '''Webiga Belessa''' waa gacan-biyood ka mid ah [[Mereb River|Webiga Mereb]] ee [[Ethiopia]]. Qayb ka mid ah marin-biyoodkeedu waxay samaysaa qayb ka mid ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Ethiopia iyo [[Eritrea]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Péninou|first=Jean-Louis|title=Approaches to Solving Territorial Conflicts : Sources, Situations, Scenarios, and Suggestions|url=https://eritreahub.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Jean-Louis-Péninou-EE-Border.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607070828/https://eritreahub.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Jean-Louis-P%C3%A9ninou-EE-Border.pdf|url-status=usurped|archive-date=June 7, 2020|via=EritreaHub.org|date=1998|publisher=[[International Boundaries Research Unit|IBRU Boundary and Security Bulletin Summer 1998]]|author-link=:fr:Jean-Louis Peninou}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} ms05j00q5w2sbyypn5b9ld25ai8goh0 299539 299538 2026-06-26T14:02:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|1410|m}} | name = Webiga Belessa | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|14|37|59|N|39|1|16|E}} | native_name = {{native name|am|ሩባ በለሳ}} | other_name = Belesa | subdivision_type1 = Dalal | subdivision_name1 = [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]] | source1 = Buuraha Tigray | source1_location = Meel u dhow [[Adigrat]] | source1_elevation = {{cvt|2936|m}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|14|17|25|N|39|25|42|E|display=it}} | mouth = [[Mareb River|Webiga Mareb]] | length = {{cvt|76|km}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|0.273|m3/s}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|4.39|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|24.6|m3/s}} | progression = [[Mareb River|Mareb]] → [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] → [[Nile|Niil]] → [[Mediterranean Sea|Badda Midhitariiniya]] | river_system = Dooxada Niil | basin_size = {{cvt|1775|km2}} | basin_population = 209,000<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> }}{{Short description|Webi ku yaalla Ethiopia iyo Eritrea}} '''Webiga Belessa''' waa gacan-biyood ka mid ah [[Mereb River|Webiga Mereb]] ee [[Itoobiya]]. Qayb ka mid ah marin-biyoodkeedu waxay samaysaa qayb ka mid ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Itoobiya iyo [[Ereteriya]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Péninou|first=Jean-Louis|title=Approaches to Solving Territorial Conflicts : Sources, Situations, Scenarios, and Suggestions|url=https://eritreahub.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Jean-Louis-Péninou-EE-Border.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607070828/https://eritreahub.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Jean-Louis-P%C3%A9ninou-EE-Border.pdf|url-status=usurped|archive-date=June 7, 2020|via=EritreaHub.org|date=1998|publisher=[[International Boundaries Research Unit|IBRU Boundary and Security Bulletin Summer 1998]]|author-link=:fr:Jean-Louis Peninou}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} g9s8x7lhqs2b9h4kv7zj5pfeysszduv 299540 299539 2026-06-26T14:03:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|1410|m}} | name = Webiga Belessa | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|14|37|59|N|39|1|16|E}} | native_name = {{native name|am|ሩባ በለሳ}} | other_name = Belesa | subdivision_type1 = Dalal | subdivision_name1 = [[Ereteriya]], [[Itoobiya]] | source1 = Buuraha Tigray | source1_location = Meel u dhow [[Adigrat]] | source1_elevation = {{cvt|2936|m}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|14|17|25|N|39|25|42|E|display=it}} | mouth = [[Mareb River|Webiga Mareb]] | length = {{cvt|76|km}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|0.273|m3/s}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|4.39|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|24.6|m3/s}} | progression = [[Mareb River|Mareb]] → [[Atbarah River|Atbarah]] → [[Nile|Niil]] → [[Mediterranean Sea|Badda Midhitariiniya]] | river_system = Dooxada Niil | basin_size = {{cvt|1775|km2}} | basin_population = 209,000<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> }}{{Short description|Webi ku yaalla Ethiopia iyo Eritrea}} '''Webiga Belessa''' waa gacan-biyood ka mid ah [[Mereb River|Webiga Mereb]] ee [[Itoobiya]]. Qayb ka mid ah marin-biyoodkeedu waxay samaysaa qayb ka mid ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Itoobiya iyo [[Ereteriya]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Péninou|first=Jean-Louis|title=Approaches to Solving Territorial Conflicts : Sources, Situations, Scenarios, and Suggestions|url=https://eritreahub.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Jean-Louis-Péninou-EE-Border.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607070828/https://eritreahub.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Jean-Louis-P%C3%A9ninou-EE-Border.pdf|url-status=usurped|archive-date=June 7, 2020|via=EritreaHub.org|date=1998|publisher=[[International Boundaries Research Unit|IBRU Boundary and Security Bulletin Summer 1998]]|author-link=:fr:Jean-Louis Peninou}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} 0h6ht0qomkatx4p3kjarufxjhr5unak 0 48007 299541 2026-06-26T14:06:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Anseba Shet' | image = Anseba.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = Buuraha Sare ee Eritrea | mouth_location = wuxuu ku shubmaa Webiga Barka meel u dhow Per Tokar | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = Eritrea | location = | length_km = 346 | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size_km2 = 12100 | basin_size_ref = <ref>[http://web.natur.cuni.cz/geografie/vzgr/monografie/gm/gm_hickey.pdf Estimation of Water Harvesting Potential and Ground water recharge in Anseba-Basin, ERITREA (East Africa)] (PDF; 1,42 MB)</ref> | river_system = Barka River | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|17|00|19|N|37|25|25|E|}} }} '''Webiga Anseba''' ({{Langx|ti|ሩባ ዓንሰባ}}, {{Langx|tig|عنسبا}}) waa gacan-biyood ka mid ah [[Barka River|Webiga Barka]] ee dalka [[Eritrea]] oo dhererkiisu yahay 346 kiiloomitir. Wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa [[Eritrean Highlands|Buuraha Sare ee Eritrea]] oo ka baxsan [[Asmara]], wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhinaca waqooyi-galbeed isagoo maraya [[Keren, Eritrea|Keren]]. Wuxuu ku biiraa Webiga Barka meel u dhow xuduudda dalka [[Sudan]]. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{coord|17|00|18|N|37|25|25|E|region:ER-GB_type:waterbody_source:dewiki|display=title}} tnuqn86yt4l2oupm00r7o3t1wlmxbix 0 48008 299542 2026-06-26T14:08:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Aligide River | other_name = Alighede River | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|15|14|25|N|39|43|6|E}} | country = Eritrea | source1_coordinates = {{coord|15|9|56.308|N|39|10|26.803|E}} | mouth = [[Badda Cas]] }} '''Webiga Aligide''' waa marin-biyood ku yaalla [[Ereteriya]]. Waxay isha ku haysaa meel u dhow caasimadda qaranka ee [[Asmara]]. Webigu wuxuu hoos uga soo qulqulaa dhinaca Bariga ee Eritrea ilaa uu ka gaaro magaalada yar ee [[Foro]] oo u dhow xeebta [[Red Sea|Badda Cas]]. Meeshan, Aligide waxay ku biirtaa laba webi oo kale, [[Comaile River|Webiga Comaile]] iyo [[Haddas River|Webiga Haddas]].{{cn|date=March 2026}} Webiga isku dhafka ah ayaa halkaas ka sii socda ilaa uu ku shubmo Badda Cas isagoo maraya [[delta|dhismaha webiga]] ee [[Gulf of Zula|Gacanka Zula]].<ref name="Cooper2024">{{cite journal |last1=Cooper |first1=Julien |title=Egyptian Geography of the Southern Red Sea: The Land of Wetenet |journal=Journal of Egyptian History |date=19 August 2024 |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=1–45 |doi=10.1163/18741665-bja10025 |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jeh/17/1/article-p1_1.pdf |access-date=4 March 2026}}</ref>{{rp|31}} Qaybaheeda sare, Aligide waxay qodday dooxooyin dhaadheer oo qoto dheer, laakiin qaybaheeda hoose, waxay u qulqushaa dooxooyin ballaaran iyo ugu dambeyntii bannaanka xeebta ee siman marka ay u socoto badda.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zazzaro |first1=Chiara |title=Traditional Ceramic Manufacturing in the Northern Horn of Africa: The Case of a Tigre Potter in the Foro-Wi’a Subregion (Eritrea) |journal=Rassegna di Studi Etiopici |date=2019 |volume=3 |issue=50 |pages=39–64 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/48564326 |issn=0390-0096}}</ref>{{rp|45}} ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} rm4lvrbatifbkolmn07fzf767yux8sv 0 48009 299543 2026-06-26T14:19:19Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299543 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Kakum ''' waa biyo-gacmeed ku yaalla Esuekyir, oo ah xaafad ka tirsan [[Cape Coast]] oo ku taal [[Central Region (Ghana)|Gobolka Dhexe]] ee dalka Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2008 |title=Kakum River claims three lives in Cape Coast |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/168833/kakum-river-claims-three-lives-in-cape-coast.html |access-date=15 October 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2023-04-11 |title=Running water sweeps away boy, 12, at Cape Coast - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/running-water-sweeps-away-boy-12-at-cape-coast/ |access-date=2024-10-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Kakum National Park|Aagga Ilaalinta ee Kakum]] waxaa loogu magac daray webiga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-05 |title=Kakum National Park anticipates more than 20,000 visitors in December - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kakum-national-park-anticipates-more-than-20000-visitors-in-december/ |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Majumder |first=Rupankar |date=7 August 2022 |title=Aluminium ladders support the canopy walkway at Kakum National Park, Ghana |url=https://www.alcircle.com/news/aluminium-ladders-support-the-canopy-walkway-at-kakum-national-park-ghana-82203 |access-date=15 October 2024 |website=AL Circle}}</ref> Sannadkii 2013, webiga ayaa la qoday si looga hortago daadadka aagga Kwaprow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2013 |title=Veep inspects Kakum River dredging project |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/478444/veep-inspects-kakum-river-dredging-project.html |access-date=15 October 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Webigu wuxuu biyo siiyaa Cape Coast iyo qiyaastii 133 magaalo iyo tuulooyin kale.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2024 |title=Kakum National Park (Assin Attandanso Reserve) (#) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1396/ |access-date=15 October 2024 |website=whc.unesco.org}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == <references /> == Xiriirinta dibadda == * Amofa-Appiah, Juliana (2019-03). ''[https://ir.ucc.edu.gh/xmlui/handle/123456789/3983 Morphology of the Kakum River: A study on a small forested River in the Central Region, Ghana]'' (Thesis). [[University of Cape Coast]]. * Addico, Gloria & Lawton, Linda & Edwards, Christine. (2017). ''Hepatotoxic-Microcystins in Two Drinking Water Reservoirs in the Central Region of Ghana''. Toxicology and Forensic Medicine - Open Journal. 2. 1-11. 10.17140/TFMOJ-2-111. * Abraham, Ernest Mensah (2003). [https://iess.ug.edu.gh/sites/iess.ug.edu.gh/files/Student_Projects/2003%20IESS%20-%20The%20Impact%20of%20Human%20Activities%20on%20the%20Kakum%20River,%20Central%20Region.pdf "THE IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE KAKUM RIVER, CENTRAL REGION"] (PDF). ''iess.ug.edu.gh''. Retrieved 15 October 2024. {{coord|5.0971|-1.3217|format=dms|type:river_region:GH|display=title}} lh349i4dqljwuvfk988iv257su19jgz 0 48010 299544 2026-06-26T14:21:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Dortsedor | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalal | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Dortsedor ''' waa webi ku yaalla wadada [[Afienya]]-[[Dawhenya]] ee [[Greater Accra Region|Gobolka Greater Accra]] ee dalka Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Police probes Afienya drowning of 12-year-old boy |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Police-probes-Afienya-drowning-of-12-year-old-boy-1545818 |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525175146/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Police-probes-Afienya-drowning-of-12-year-old-boy-1545818 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Boakye |first=Edna Agnes |date=2022-05-25 |title=Afienya: 12-year-old boy reportedly drowns in Dortsedor river |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2022/05/afienya-12-year-old-boy-reportedly-drowns-in-dortsedor-river/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Afienya: 12-year-old boy reportedly drowns in Dortsedor river |url=https://mypublisher24.com/afienya-12-year-old-boy-reportedly-drowns-in-dortsedor-river/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=My Publisher24 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Otchere |first=Gertrude Owireduwaah |date=2022-05-25 |title=Boy, 12, feared drowned in river at Afienya |url=https://www.adomonline.com/boy-12-feared-drowned-in-river-at-afienya-video/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Adomonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kwamena |first=Nana Agyei |date=2022-05-25 |title=Afienya: 12-Year-Old Boy Reportedly Drowns In Dortsedor River {{!}} KINGDOM FM ONLINE |url=https://www.kingdomfmonline.com/afienya-12-year-old-boy-reportedly-drowns-in-dortsedor-river/2022/general/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tixraacyo == <references /> 8xcuh67q5e5m3vfujlpy5tayqpyzdpf 0 48011 299545 2026-06-26T14:25:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = webiga Bibini | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Ghana]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Bibini''' waa webi ku yaalla [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|KNUST]] oo ku yaalla [[Kumasi]] ee [[Ashanti Region|Gobolka Ashanti]] ee dalka Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-29 |title=KNUST student sits in Bibini River for about 6 hours for a school project |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/KNUST-student-sits-in-Bibini-River-for-about-6-hours-for-a-school-project-1526975 |access-date=2022-05-18 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en |archive-date=2023-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406102053/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/KNUST-student-sits-in-Bibini-River-for-about-6-hours-for-a-school-project-1526975 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Quist |first=Ebenezer |date=2022-04-30 |title=Strange girl seen sitting quietly in river on KNUST campus for 6 hours |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/206543-strange-girl-seen-sitting-in-river-on-knust-campus-for-6-hours-authorities-explain-what-happened/ |access-date=2022-05-18 |website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Abedu-Kennedy |first=Dorcas |date=2022-04-30 |title=KNUST student causes stir after sitting in Bibini River for about 6 hours for a school project |url=https://www.adomonline.com/knust-student-causes-stir-after-sitting-in-bibini-river-for-about-6-hours/ |access-date=2022-05-18 |website=Adomonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-29 |title=KNUST student causes 'ritual' scare by sitting in river, authorities react |url=https://www.ghpage.com/knust-student-causes-ritual-scare-by-sitting-in-river-authorities-react/228706/ |access-date=2022-05-18 |website=GhPage |language=en-GB}}</ref> Waa gacan-biyood ka mid ah [[Wiwi River|Webiga Wiwi/Wewe]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=MyNewsGH |date=2022-04-29 |title=KNUST: ‘Strange’pretty lady found sitting in the middle of Wewe River not ‘Maame Water’ |url=https://www.mynewsgh.com/knust-strangepretty-lady-found-sitting-in-the-middle-of-wewe-river-not-a-goddess/ |access-date=2022-05-18 |website=MyNewsGh |language=en-US}}</ref> Waxay u adeegtaa il waraab ah oo loo isticmaalo khudaarta sida salaar-ka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-03 |title=Vegetables grown along Bibini River in Kumasi unsafe for consumption - KNUST scientists warn - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/vegetables-grown-along-bibini-river-in-kumasi-unsafe-for-consumption-knust-scientists-warn/ |access-date=2022-05-18 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} lh0zot6idlehkix3l3y8wz7am896wc5 0 48012 299546 2026-06-26T14:28:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299546 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Umbeluzi River basin.png|thumb|right|Aagga biyaha ee Webiga Mbuluzi ee waqooyiga [[Eswatini]], koonfurta [[Mozambique]], iyo (si kooban) bari [[Koonfur Afrika]]]] [[File:Maputo–Katembe bridge from the norther shore; July 2018.jpg|thumb|right|Muuqaal ka mid ah [[Maputo–Katembe bridge|buundada Maputo–Katembe]] oo ku taal webiga iyo xeebta waqooyi ee [[Maputo Bay]] ee [[Maputo]], Mozambique]] '''Webiga Mbuluzi''' (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''iMbuluzi''' ama '''Umbeluzi''') waa mid ka mid ah webiyada ugu waaweyn ee [[Swaziland|Eswatini]], iyo webi muhiim ah oo ku yaalla [[Mozambique]]. Xuduudka dalalkan, Mbuluzi wuxuu dhex maraa [[Lebombo Mountains|Buuraha Lebombo]], ka hor inta uusan gelin bannaanka Mozambique. Wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Estuário do Espírito Santo]] ka dibna [[Maputo Bay]] oo ku taal [[Maputo]], biyahiisuna waxay maraan hoosta [[Maputo–Katembe bridge|buundada Maputo–Katembe]], oo la dhammaystiray 2018. Webigu wuxuu leeyahay laba ilood, mid ku taal [[highveld]] waqooyiga [[Mbabane]], oo loo yaqaanno Mbuluzi Madow, iyo tan labaad oo ku taal middleveld meel u dhow [[Manzini, Swaziland|Manzini]], oo loo yaqaanno Mbuluzi Cad, ama ''imBuluzane''. Webigu wuxuu maraa koonfur-bari ee lowveld ee Eswatini, gaar ahaan isagoo dhex mara [[Hlane Royal National Park]] iyo Shewula Nature Reserve. Eswatini, meel u dhow beeraha sonkorta ee [[Mhlume]], webiga waxaa lagu xiraa [[Mnjoli Dam|Biyo-xireenka Mnjoli]]. Mozambique waxaa loogu yeeraa '''Umbeluzi''', waxaana halkaas ku xira [[Pequenos Libombos Dam|Biyo-xireenka Pequenos Libombos]]. Webiga waxaa ku biira gacmo-biyoodyo kala duwan ka hor inta aysan biyahiisu gelin [[Maputo Bay]]. Laba webi oo kale oo waaweyn ayaa ku shubma [[Maputo Bay]], kuwaas oo kala ah Komati ama [[Komati River|Webiga Incomati]] oo ka imanaya waqooyiga, iyo Great Usutu ama [[Maputo River|Webiga Maputo]] oo ka imanaya koonfurta. Abaarta iyo biyo-xireennada ku teedsan Mbuluzi ayaa kordhiyey isku dhaca bini'aadamka iyo duurjoogta ee ku teedsan webiga. Gaar ahaan, heerka biyaha oo hooseeya iyo biyo-xireennada ku teedsan dhererka webiga ayaa hor istaagay socdaalka jeeriga (hippopotamus) iyo dadweyne kala firirsan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eswatini's farmers, wildlife struggle amid pollution, shrinking rivers |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/environment/eswatinis-farmers-wildlife-struggle-amid-pollution-shrinking-rivers/2375010 |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref> Jeeriga habeenkii ka baxa webiga si ay u daaqaan beeraha deriska ah ayaa sababay burbur hantiyeed iyo khatar dhaawac ah oo soo gaarta dadka deggan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zulu |first=Joseph |date=June 7, 2025 |title=Hippos a threat to Vuvulane farmers |url=https://www.pressreader.com/eswatini/eswatini-news/20250607/281754160269871 |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=Eswatini News |via=Pressreader.com}}</ref> Webiga Mbuluzi sidoo kale waa goob ay ka dhacaan weerarrada yaxaasyada ee dadka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pooley |first=Simon |date=2022-08-25 |title=The challenge of compassion in predator conservation |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |language=English |volume=13 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2022.977703 |doi-access=free |pmid=36092072 |pmc=9454015 |issn=1664-1078}}</ref> Mbuluzi wuxuu diiwaangeliyey 29% dhammaan weerarrada yaxaasyada ee dadka ee eSwatini laga bilaabo 2000–2016.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pooley |first1=Simon |last2=Botha |first2=Hannes |last3=Combrink |first3=Xander |last4=Powell |first4=George |date=September 2020 |title=Synthesizing Nile crocodile Crocodylus niloticus attack data and historical context to inform mitigation efforts in South Africa and eSwatini (Swaziland) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/oryx/article/synthesizing-nile-crocodile-crocodylus-niloticus-attack-data-and-historical-context-to-inform-mitigation-efforts-in-south-africa-and-eswatini-swaziland/6398E2EA56FC62E2C518071584658CD4 |journal=Oryx |language=en |volume=54 |issue=5 |pages=629–638 |doi=10.1017/S0030605318001102 |issn=0030-6053}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Mbuluzi Game Reserve]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|-25.9733|32.5577|type:landmark_region:MZ|display=title}} 1gbyszrlt2ton63iywb56rk2k8zs8zq 0 48013 299547 2026-06-26T14:30:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Beles | map = Abbay OSM.png | map_caption = Khariidadda oo muujinaysa dooxada Abbay, oo ay la socoto Webiga Beles (Dhexda) | basin_size = {{cvt|14200|km2}} | length = {{cvt|350|km}} | source1_location = {{cvt|15|km}} dhinaca galbeed ee [[Lake Tana|Harada Tana]] | source1_elevation = {{cvt|2100|m}} | mouth = [[Blue Nile|Niilka Buluugga ah]] | progression = [[Blue Nile|Niilka Buluugga ah]] → [[Nile|Niilka]] → [[Mediterranean Sea|Badda Midhitariiniya]] | river_system = [[Nile|Dooxada Niilka]] | country = [[Ethiopia]] }} '''Beles''' (''Kusa'' oo ku qoran [[Gumuz language|Af-Gumuz]]) waa webi ku yaalla galbeedka [[Ethiopia]]. Beles, oo ah gacan-biyood ka mid ah Webiga Abay ([[Blue Nile|Niilka Buluugga ah]]), wuxuu ka soo jeedaa [[Dangur]] [[woreda]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed ilaa uu ka gaaro meesha uu ku biiro. Aagga uu ka soo qaado biyaha ayaa gaaraya ilaa 14,200 oo kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran.<ref>[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/05/09/000334955_20080509032052/Rendered/PDF/434000PAD0P09617372B01off0use0only1.pdf "Tana & Beles Integrated Water Resources Development: Project Appraisal Document (PAD), Vol.1"], World Bank, 2 May 2008 (accessed 5 May 2009)</ref> ==Marin-biyoodka== Isha webiga waxay ku taallaa 15&nbsp;km dhinaca galbeed ee Harada Tana dherer dhan {{convert|2,100|m|ft}} oo ka sarreeya heerka badda. Afka Webiga Beles ee Niilka Buluugga ah wuxuu ku yaallaa qiyaastii 40&nbsp;km kor u marista [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam|Biyo-xireenka Grand Ethiopian Renaissance]] ee dhismihiisu socdo, biyaha Beles-na waxaa loo isticmaali doonaa mustaqbalka. ==Biyaha laga soo wareejiyay Harada Tana== Tan iyo markii [[Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant|warshadda korontada biyaha ee Tana Beles]] la hawlgeliyay 2010, Beles waxay heshay biyo laga soo wareejiyay [[Lake Tana|Harada Tana]] iyada oo loo marayo [[Tana-Beles interbasin water transfer|wareejinta biyaha]] ee [[Tana-Beles]], taas oo loo isticmaali doono taxane mashaariic waraab ah oo ka hooseeya warshadda korontada. Ujeedadan, waxaa la dhisay taxane biyo-xireenno ah. [[File:Beles downstream of Tana outlet.jpg|thumb|Webiga Beles, ka dib markii uu helay biyaha laga soo wareejiyay Harada Tana]] Wareejintan ballaaran ee biyaha ee laga soo wareejiyay [[Lake Tana|Harada Tana]] loo wareejiyay Webiga Beles waxay saameysaa dhaqdhaqaaqa dadka, qaab-dhismeedka biyaha, iyo deegaanka webiga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nyssen |first1= J. and colleagues|title=Persistence and changes in the peripheral Beles basin of Ethiopia|journal=Regional Environmental Change |date=2018|volume=18 |pages=2089–2104|doi=10.1007/s10113-018-1346-2|hdl=10067/1541370151162165141|hdl-access=free}}</ref> [[Environmental Impact Assessment|Qiimaynta Saamaynta Deegaanka]] ee mashruuca korontada biyaha ee Beles ayaa si kastaba ha ahaatee loo tixgeliyaa inay tahay mid rasmi ah oo aan la heli karin.<ref name="annys">{{cite journal |last1=Annys |first1= S. and colleagues|title=Impacts of the hydropower-controlled Tana-Beles interbasin water transfer on downstream rural livelihoods (northwest Ethiopia) |journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=2019 |volume=569 |pages=436–448|doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.12.012|hdl=1942/28548 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Saamaynta bulsho ee wareejinta biyaha Tana-Beles ayaa la darsey natiijooyinkana lagu daabacay joornaalka caanka ah ee ''[[Journal of Hydrology]]'': qulqulka biyaha ee aadka u sarreeya ee Webiga Beles ayaa sababay inay qarqaan 250 qof intii u dhaxaysay 2010 iyo 2018. Saamaynta xun ee nolol-maalmeedka reer miyiga ayaa si kastaba ha ahaatee hoos u dhigaya yoolalka horumarinta qaranka (soosaarka korontada). Kharashyada dibadda (la tacaalidda burburka) waxaa qaadaya dadka maxalliga ah, kuwaas oo leh awood gorgortan oo hooseysa.<ref name="annys"/> == Qoraallo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|10|54|N|35|16|E|display=title|region:ET_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} jgu6o5f8xkdpl6ar9bk7n62fa0nfgza 299548 299547 2026-06-26T14:32:07Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Beles | map = Abbay OSM.png | map_caption = Khariidadda oo muujinaysa dooxada Abbay, oo ay la socoto Webiga Beles (Dhexda) | basin_size = {{cvt|14200|km2}} | length = {{cvt|350|km}} | source1_location = {{cvt|15|km}} dhinaca galbeed ee [[Lake Tana|Harada Tana]] | source1_elevation = {{cvt|2100|m}} | mouth = [[Blue Nile|Niilka Buluugga ah]] | progression = [[Blue Nile|Niilka Buluugga ah]] → [[Nile|Niilka]] → [[Mediterranean Sea|Badda Midhitariiniya]] | river_system = [[Nile|Dooxada Niilka]] | country = [[Itoobiya]] }} '''Beles''' (''Kusa'' oo ku qoran [[Gumuz language|Af-Gumuz]]) waa webi ku yaalla galbeedka [[Itoobiya]]. Beles, oo ah gacan-biyood ka mid ah Webiga Abay ([[Blue Nile|Niilka Buluugga ah]]), wuxuu ka soo jeedaa [[Dangur]] [[woreda]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed ilaa uu ka gaaro meesha uu ku biiro. Aagga uu ka soo qaado biyaha ayaa gaaraya ilaa 14,200 oo kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran.<ref>[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/05/09/000334955_20080509032052/Rendered/PDF/434000PAD0P09617372B01off0use0only1.pdf "Tana & Beles Integrated Water Resources Development: Project Appraisal Document (PAD), Vol.1"], World Bank, 2 May 2008 (accessed 5 May 2009)</ref> ==Marin-biyoodka== Isha webiga waxay ku taallaa 15&nbsp;km dhinaca galbeed ee Harada Tana dherer dhan {{convert|2,100|m|ft}} oo ka sarreeya heerka badda. Afka Webiga Beles ee Niilka Buluugga ah wuxuu ku yaallaa qiyaastii 40&nbsp;km kor u marista [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam|Biyo-xireenka Grand Ethiopian Renaissance]] ee dhismihiisu socdo, biyaha Beles-na waxaa loo isticmaali doonaa mustaqbalka. ==Biyaha laga soo wareejiyay Harada Tana== Tan iyo markii [[Beles Hydroelectric Power Plant|warshadda korontada biyaha ee Tana Beles]] la hawlgeliyay 2010, Beles waxay heshay biyo laga soo wareejiyay [[Lake Tana|Harada Tana]] iyada oo loo marayo [[Tana-Beles interbasin water transfer|wareejinta biyaha]] ee [[Tana-Beles]], taas oo loo isticmaali doono taxane mashaariic waraab ah oo ka hooseeya warshadda korontada. Ujeedadan, waxaa la dhisay taxane biyo-xireenno ah. [[File:Beles downstream of Tana outlet.jpg|thumb|Webiga Beles, ka dib markii uu helay biyaha laga soo wareejiyay Harada Tana]] Wareejintan ballaaran ee biyaha ee laga soo wareejiyay [[Lake Tana|Harada Tana]] loo wareejiyay Webiga Beles waxay saameysaa dhaqdhaqaaqa dadka, qaab-dhismeedka biyaha, iyo deegaanka webiga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nyssen |first1= J. and colleagues|title=Persistence and changes in the peripheral Beles basin of Ethiopia|journal=Regional Environmental Change |date=2018|volume=18 |pages=2089–2104|doi=10.1007/s10113-018-1346-2|hdl=10067/1541370151162165141|hdl-access=free}}</ref> [[Environmental Impact Assessment|Qiimaynta Saamaynta Deegaanka]] ee mashruuca korontada biyaha ee Beles ayaa si kastaba ha ahaatee loo tixgeliyaa inay tahay mid rasmi ah oo aan la heli karin.<ref name="annys">{{cite journal |last1=Annys |first1= S. and colleagues|title=Impacts of the hydropower-controlled Tana-Beles interbasin water transfer on downstream rural livelihoods (northwest Ethiopia) |journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=2019 |volume=569 |pages=436–448|doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.12.012|hdl=1942/28548 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Saamaynta bulsho ee wareejinta biyaha Tana-Beles ayaa la darsey natiijooyinkana lagu daabacay joornaalka caanka ah ee ''[[Journal of Hydrology]]'': qulqulka biyaha ee aadka u sarreeya ee Webiga Beles ayaa sababay inay qarqaan 250 qof intii u dhaxaysay 2010 iyo 2018. Saamaynta xun ee nolol-maalmeedka reer miyiga ayaa si kastaba ha ahaatee hoos u dhigaya yoolalka horumarinta qaranka (soosaarka korontada). Kharashyada dibadda (la tacaalidda burburka) waxaa qaadaya dadka maxalliga ah, kuwaas oo leh awood gorgortan oo hooseysa.<ref name="annys"/> == Qoraallo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|10|54|N|35|16|E|display=title|region:ET_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} 80eg9ewfp50ea5eedgm7daiko399101 0 48014 299549 2026-06-26T14:34:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ayesha | native_name = <!-- {{native name|<tag>|<name>}} or {{native name list |tag1=<tag>|name1=<name> |tag2=<tag>|name2=<name> ... }} --> | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = | mapframe = yes<!-- see below for more mapframe parameters --> <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = Ethiopia | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|...|display=inline,title}} --> | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Ayesha''' waa webi aan joogto ahayn oo laga helo bariga [[Ethiopia]]. [[Drainage basin|Dooxada qulqulka biyaha]] waa qayb ka mid ah [[East African Rift|Dooxada Rift ee Bariga Afrika]]. ==Guud-mar== Wasaaradda Khayraadka Biyaha ee Ethiopia ayaa ku dartay aagga qulqulka biyaha ee Ayesha liiska laba iyo tobanka dooxood ee ugu waaweyn dalka. Waxay leedahay bed dhan 2,223 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran, laakiin waxaa lagu gartaa la'aanta wax qulqul ah oo la cabbiri karo.<ref>[http://www.mowr.gov.et/rbmpofetiopiatblphysical.htm "Table 4.1. Important Physical Characteristics of the Ethiopian Basins, Nature and features of the Ethiopian river basins"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720151709/http://www.mowr.gov.et/rbmpofetiopiatblphysical.htm |date=2011-07-20 }}, Ministry of Water Resources website (la heli karo 14 July 2009)</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} nos6i3f2qrl37dy10j5ozyf4e2bu5xt 299550 299549 2026-06-26T14:34:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ayesha | native_name = <!-- {{native name|<tag>|<name>}} or {{native name list |tag1=<tag>|name1=<name> |tag2=<tag>|name2=<name> ... }} --> | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = | mapframe = yes<!-- see below for more mapframe parameters --> <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = Ethiopia | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|...|display=inline,title}} --> | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Ayesha''' waa webi aan joogto ahayn oo laga helo bariga [[Itoobiya]]. [[Drainage basin|Dooxada qulqulka biyaha]] waa qayb ka mid ah [[East African Rift|Dooxada Rift ee Bariga Afrika]]. ==Guud-mar== Wasaaradda Khayraadka Biyaha ee Ethiopia ayaa ku dartay aagga qulqulka biyaha ee Ayesha liiska laba iyo tobanka dooxood ee ugu waaweyn dalka. Waxay leedahay bed dhan 2,223 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran, laakiin waxaa lagu gartaa la'aanta wax qulqul ah oo la cabbiri karo.<ref>[http://www.mowr.gov.et/rbmpofetiopiatblphysical.htm "Table 4.1. Important Physical Characteristics of the Ethiopian Basins, Nature and features of the Ethiopian river basins"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720151709/http://www.mowr.gov.et/rbmpofetiopiatblphysical.htm |date=2011-07-20 }}, Ministry of Water Resources website (la heli karo 14 July 2009)</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} e986zxytzrb8120bhmfbrgl153ekv65 299551 299550 2026-06-26T14:34:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ayesha | native_name = <!-- {{native name|<tag>|<name>}} or {{native name list |tag1=<tag>|name1=<name> |tag2=<tag>|name2=<name> ... }} --> | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = | mapframe = yes<!-- see below for more mapframe parameters --> <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadanka | subdivision_name1 = Itoobiya | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|...|display=inline,title}} --> | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Ayesha''' waa webi aan joogto ahayn oo laga helo bariga [[Itoobiya]]. [[Drainage basin|Dooxada qulqulka biyaha]] waa qayb ka mid ah [[East African Rift|Dooxada Rift ee Bariga Afrika]]. ==Guud-mar== Wasaaradda Khayraadka Biyaha ee Ethiopia ayaa ku dartay aagga qulqulka biyaha ee Ayesha liiska laba iyo tobanka dooxood ee ugu waaweyn dalka. Waxay leedahay bed dhan 2,223 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran, laakiin waxaa lagu gartaa la'aanta wax qulqul ah oo la cabbiri karo.<ref>[http://www.mowr.gov.et/rbmpofetiopiatblphysical.htm "Table 4.1. Important Physical Characteristics of the Ethiopian Basins, Nature and features of the Ethiopian river basins"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720151709/http://www.mowr.gov.et/rbmpofetiopiatblphysical.htm |date=2011-07-20 }}, Ministry of Water Resources website (la heli karo 14 July 2009)</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} 7mj7ddd68sm2r0zxw6zl8bjk5f9col5 0 48015 299552 2026-06-26T14:38:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ataye | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|10|19|39|N|40|00|48|E}} | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = Amhara | cities = Ataye | source1 = Buuraha Sare ee Ethiopia | source1_elevation = {{cvt|3038|m}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|10|21|42|N|39|48|52|E|display=it}} | mouth = ''Webi aan la aqoon'' | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|1367|m}} | length = {{cvt|26.4|km}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|0.744|m3/s}} | discharge1_min = {{cvt|0.034|m3/s}} | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_max = {{cvt|4.42|m3/s}} | progression = ? → [[Awash River|Webiga Awash]] → [[Lake Abbe|Harada Abbe]] | river_system = Dooxada Awash | basin_size = {{cvt|165|km2}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | basin_population = 89,100<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> | subdivision_type1 = Dal }} '''Ataye''' waa webi ku yaalla bartamaha [[Ethiopia]]. Wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Awash River|Webiga Awash]] isagoo sii maraya qayb webi ah oo aan magac lahayn.<ref name="Magi">{{cite journal|last=Mapping and Geography Institute|journal=Ethiopian Geographical Journal|year=1967|volume=5|issue=2|pages=iv|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xmEKAQAAIAAJ&q|accessdate=23 July 2012|title=Rainfall in Ehtiopia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anteneh |first=Zeleke Simachew |last2=Awoke |first2=Berhan Gessesse |last3=Reda |first3=Talema Moged |last4=Ramasamy |first4=Muralitharan Jothimani |date=March 2023 |title=Spatio-temporal evaluation of water balance components using WetSpass model: in the case of Ataye watershed, Middle Awash Basin, Ethiopia |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12517-023-11252-0 |journal=Arabian Journal of Geosciences |language=en |volume=16 |issue=3 |doi=10.1007/s12517-023-11252-0 |issn=1866-7511|url-access=subscription }}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} no1cz1xk0cxj7zlnzdruahnc1nd2gkz 299553 299552 2026-06-26T14:39:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ataye | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|10|19|39|N|40|00|48|E}} | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = Amhara | cities = Ataye | source1 = Buuraha Sare ee Ethiopia | source1_elevation = {{cvt|3038|m}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|10|21|42|N|39|48|52|E|display=it}} | mouth = ''Webi aan la aqoon'' | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|1367|m}} | length = {{cvt|26.4|km}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941|url-access=subscription }}</ref> | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|0.744|m3/s}} | discharge1_min = {{cvt|0.034|m3/s}} | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_max = {{cvt|4.42|m3/s}} | progression = ? → [[Awash River|Webiga Awash]] → [[Lake Abbe|Harada Abbe]] | river_system = Dooxada Awash | basin_size = {{cvt|165|km2}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | basin_population = 89,100<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> | subdivision_type1 = Dal }} '''Ataye''' waa webi ku yaalla bartamaha [[Itoobiya]]. Wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Webiga Awash]] isagoo sii maraya qayb webi ah oo aan magac lahayn.<ref name="Magi">{{cite journal|last=Mapping and Geography Institute|journal=Ethiopian Geographical Journal|year=1967|volume=5|issue=2|pages=iv|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xmEKAQAAIAAJ&q|accessdate=23 July 2012|title=Rainfall in Ehtiopia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anteneh |first=Zeleke Simachew |last2=Awoke |first2=Berhan Gessesse |last3=Reda |first3=Talema Moged |last4=Ramasamy |first4=Muralitharan Jothimani |date=March 2023 |title=Spatio-temporal evaluation of water balance components using WetSpass model: in the case of Ataye watershed, Middle Awash Basin, Ethiopia |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12517-023-11252-0 |journal=Arabian Journal of Geosciences |language=en |volume=16 |issue=3 |doi=10.1007/s12517-023-11252-0 |issn=1866-7511|url-access=subscription }}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} 3sl1ouzbh8k053clxshake83skpnrsd 0 48016 299554 2026-06-26T14:43:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Benito (Mbini) | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = Hydrology of Equatorial Guinea OSM.png | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantikga]] | subdivision_type1 = Dalal | subdivision_name1 = [[Equatorial Guinea]] iyo [[Gabon]] | progression = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Benito''' waa webi ku yaalla [[Equatorial Guinea]]. Waxaa deegaanka looga yaqaannaa '''Webiga Mbini''', iyo, ugu yaraan marka uu galbeedka uga qulqulo [[Monte Alén National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Monte Alén]], '''Webiga Uoro'''.<ref name=Bird>{{Cite web|url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6381 |title=Monte Alen National Park|accessdate=1 May 2015|publisher=Birdlife International}}</ref> Webigu wuxuu ka soo askumaa [[Gabon]] wuxuuna u gudbaa Equatorial Guinea halkaas oo uu dalka u kala qaybiyo ku dhawaad xariiqda dhexe, isagoo u qulqula bari ilaa galbeed. Afka uu ku shubmo [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantikga]] waxaa ku yaalla magaalada [[Mbini]], iyo sidoo kale geedo waaweyn oo [[mangrove]] ah oo gudaha u gala {{convert|20|km}}.<ref>''A directory of African wetlands'' By R. H. Hughes, J. S. Hughes, p. 499-501 (on Google Books: [https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&dq=benito+river+equatorial+guinea&pg=PA500])</ref> Kaliya qaybtan {{convert|20|km}} ee webiga ayaa la mari karaa (navigable). Webiga waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu sabbeeyo qoryaha hawlaha [[forestry|kaymaha]].<ref>''The geography of modern Africa'' By William Adams Hance, p. 291 (on Google Books: [https://books.google.com/books?id=zlBSDK4lNMgC&dq=benito%20river%20equatorial%20guinea&pg=PA291])</ref> [[cichlid|Kalluunka]] [[genus|nooca]] ''[[Benitochromis]]'' ayaa magaciisa qaybta hore ka soo qaatay Webiga Benito.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = https://www.etyfish.org/cichlidae2/ | title = Order CICHLIFORMES: Family CICHLIDAE: Subfamily PSEUDOCRENILABRINAE (a-g) | accessdate= 22 November 2018 | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | date = 22 July 2018}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|1|31|17|N|9|55|03|E|region:GQ_source:kolossus-frwiki|display=title}} 91fc2v45gs3zruknmf2u9vtofq493o4 0 48017 299555 2026-06-26T14:45:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299555 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NachalParan1.jpg|thumb|Nahal Paran]] [[File:Nahal Paran Estuary.jpg|thumb|Sawirka hawada ee Nahal Paran Estuary]] '''Nahal Paran''' ({{langx|he| נחל פארן||Webiga Paran}}) waa [[webi xilliyeed]] ku yaalla [[Egypt|Masar]] ee [[Sinai Peninsula|Gacanka Siinaay]] iyo [[Israel]] ee [[Negev Desert|Saxaraha Negev]]. Isagoo dhererkiisu yahay 150 kiiloomitir, waa [[dur-biyoodka]] saddexaad ee ugu weyn [[Israel]] ka dib [[Jordan River|Webiga Urdun]] iyo [[Yarmouk River|Webiga Yarmouk]]. Sidoo kale waa dur-biyoodka ugu ballaaran Israel. == Biyo-mareenka == Asalka webigu wuxuu ku yaallaa Saxaraha Paran ee Gacanka Siinaay, wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[estuary|af-webiga]] [[Nahal HaArava]]. Qulqulka biyuhu wuxuu jiraa oo kaliya inta lagu jiro daadadka degdegga ah. Kani waa webiga ugu weyn [[drainage basin|dooxada qulqulka]], oo leh aag dhan kumanaan kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran, isagoo abuuraya bannaano ballaaran oo kala saara waqooyiga sare ee Negev iyo [[Eilat mountains|buuraha Eilat]] ee koonfurta.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wohl|first=Ellen E.|last2=Greenbaum|first2=Noam|last3=Schick|first3=Ascher P.|last4=Baker|first4=Victor R.|year=1994|doi=10.1002/esp.3290190102|title= Controls on bedrock channel incision along nahal paran, Israel|journal=[[Earth Surface Processes and Landforms]]|volume=19|issue=1|pages=1}}</ref> Waqtiyadii hore, intii lagu jiray daadadka, sida webiyada kale ee waaweyn ee Negev, Nahal Paran wuxuu daadku qabsan jiray Waddada Arava (waddada weyn ee loo maro [[Eilat]]), ilaa laga dhisay buundo dusha ka marta webiga. Dur-biyoodku wuxuu lahaa qulqulka ugu sarreeya ee la diiwaangeliyey ee Israel oo ah 1,150 mitir kuyuubik ilbiriqsikii 6 Nofeembar 1970. Sannadkii 2014, rikoorkii waa la jebiyey iyadoo la cabbiray qulqul dhan 1,280 mitir kuyuubik ilbiriqsikii oo lagu cabbiray Zin. Si loo barbar dhigo, qulqulka celceliska ah ee [[Jordan River|Webiga Urdun]] waa 16 mitir kuyuubik ilbiriqsikii. Biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ah ee u dhow sariirta webiga waxay bixiyaan biyo la cabo oo ay helaan bulshooyinka ku nool [[Arava desert|saxaraha Arava]]. Biyahani waxay leeyihiin milix badan waxaana lagu sameeyaa [[desalination|ka-saarid milix]]. == Joolajiyada iyo juqraafiga-muuqaalka == Cilmi-baaris joolajiyeed iyo juqraafiga-muuqaalka oo lagu sameeyay Nahal Paran ayaa tilmaamaya in marin-biyoodka webigu uu ku dhaco goyn dhagax-weyn oo muhiim ah. Habkan goynta ah waxaa si firfircoon u xakameeya lithology-ga gaarka ah ee aagga (sifooyinka dhagaxa), dhaqdhaqaaqa tectonic ee la xidhiidha [[Dead Sea|Badda Dhimatay]] Transform, iyo hoos u dhaca heerka aasaasiga ah ee gobolka.<ref name=eew>{{Cite journal |last=Wohl |first=Ellen E. |last2=Greenbaum |first2=Noam |last3=Schick |first3=Asher P. |last4=Baker |first4=Victor R. |date=February 1994 |title=Controls on bedrock channel incision along nahal paran, Israel |url=https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/0028323926 |journal=Earth Surface Processes and Landforms |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=1–13 |doi=10.1002/esp.3290190102 |issn=0197-9337}}</ref> Intaa waxaa dheer, daraasado cilmiyeed oo ku saabsan deegaanka aadka u qallalan ee ku xeeran dur-biyoodka ayaa muujinaya in khasaaraha gudbinta, halkaas oo biyaha daadku ay u deggaan dhulka hoostiisa (alluvial aquifer), ay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan hab-dhaqanka biyaha ee webiga, taas oo si toos ah u saameynaysa gaadiidka wasakhda iyo wax ka beddelka marin-biyoodka inta lagu jiro dhacdooyinka daadadka degdegga ah ee waaweyn.<ref name=eew/> == Horumarinta gobolka iyo beeraha == Khayraadka biyaha iyo dooxada juqraafiyeed ee Nahal Paran waxay si dhow ugu xiran yihiin degganaanshaha gobolka iyo horumarinta [[Arabah|saxaraha Arava]]. Moshav Paran, oo ah bulsho beeralay ah oo laga aasaasay gobolka 1970-yadii, waxay si weyn ugu tiirsan tahay maamulka biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ee aagga iyo kaabayaasha maxalliga ah. Sanduuqa Qaranka Yuhuudda ([[Jewish National Fund|KKL-JNF]]) wuxuu si firfircoon uga qaybqaatay hirgelinta xalalka maaraynta biyaha iyo taageeridda ballaarinta beeraha aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo ee horumarsan ee moshav-ka iyo kaabayaasha bulshada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moshav Paran - Keren Kayemeth LeIsrael - KKL-JNF |url=http://https//kkl-jnf.org%2fpeople-and-environment%2fcommunity-development%2farava%2fmoshav-paran%2f |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=https |language=en}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} {{coord|30.3333|N|34.9686|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} 6go4u9cqen40hhy9ggds3qqwn8efhyc 299556 299555 2026-06-26T14:47:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299556 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NachalParan1.jpg|thumb|Nahal Paran]] [[File:Nahal Paran Estuary.jpg|thumb|Sawirka hawada ee Nahal Paran Estuary]] '''Nahal Paran''' ({{langx|he| נחל פארן||Webiga Paran}}) waa [[webi xilliyeed]] ku yaalla [Masar]] ee Gacanka Siinaay iyo [[Israa'iil]] ee Saxaraha Negev. Isagoo dhererkiisu yahay 150 kiiloomitir, waa [[dur-biyoodka]] saddexaad ee ugu weyn [[Israel]] ka dib [[Jordan River|Webiga Urdun]] iyo [[Yarmouk River|Webiga Yarmouk]]. Sidoo kale waa dur-biyoodka ugu ballaaran Israel. == Biyo-mareenka == Asalka webigu wuxuu ku yaallaa Saxaraha Paran ee Gacanka Siinaay, wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[estuary|af-webiga]] [[Nahal HaArava]]. Qulqulka biyuhu wuxuu jiraa oo kaliya inta lagu jiro daadadka degdegga ah. Kani waa webiga ugu weyn [[drainage basin|dooxada qulqulka]], oo leh aag dhan kumanaan kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran, isagoo abuuraya bannaano ballaaran oo kala saara waqooyiga sare ee Negev iyo [[Eilat mountains|buuraha Eilat]] ee koonfurta.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wohl|first=Ellen E.|last2=Greenbaum|first2=Noam|last3=Schick|first3=Ascher P.|last4=Baker|first4=Victor R.|year=1994|doi=10.1002/esp.3290190102|title= Controls on bedrock channel incision along nahal paran, Israel|journal=[[Earth Surface Processes and Landforms]]|volume=19|issue=1|pages=1}}</ref> Waqtiyadii hore, intii lagu jiray daadadka, sida webiyada kale ee waaweyn ee Negev, Nahal Paran wuxuu daadku qabsan jiray Waddada Arava (waddada weyn ee loo maro [[Eilat]]), ilaa laga dhisay buundo dusha ka marta webiga. Dur-biyoodku wuxuu lahaa qulqulka ugu sarreeya ee la diiwaangeliyey ee Israel oo ah 1,150 mitir kuyuubik ilbiriqsikii 6 Nofeembar 1970. Sannadkii 2014, rikoorkii waa la jebiyey iyadoo la cabbiray qulqul dhan 1,280 mitir kuyuubik ilbiriqsikii oo lagu cabbiray Zin. Si loo barbar dhigo, qulqulka celceliska ah ee [[Jordan River|Webiga Urdun]] waa 16 mitir kuyuubik ilbiriqsikii. Biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ah ee u dhow sariirta webiga waxay bixiyaan biyo la cabo oo ay helaan bulshooyinka ku nool [[Arava desert|saxaraha Arava]]. Biyahani waxay leeyihiin milix badan waxaana lagu sameeyaa [[desalination|ka-saarid milix]]. == Joolajiyada iyo juqraafiga-muuqaalka == Cilmi-baaris joolajiyeed iyo juqraafiga-muuqaalka oo lagu sameeyay Nahal Paran ayaa tilmaamaya in marin-biyoodka webigu uu ku dhaco goyn dhagax-weyn oo muhiim ah. Habkan goynta ah waxaa si firfircoon u xakameeya lithology-ga gaarka ah ee aagga (sifooyinka dhagaxa), dhaqdhaqaaqa tectonic ee la xidhiidha [[Dead Sea|Badda Dhimatay]] Transform, iyo hoos u dhaca heerka aasaasiga ah ee gobolka.<ref name=eew>{{Cite journal |last=Wohl |first=Ellen E. |last2=Greenbaum |first2=Noam |last3=Schick |first3=Asher P. |last4=Baker |first4=Victor R. |date=February 1994 |title=Controls on bedrock channel incision along nahal paran, Israel |url=https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/0028323926 |journal=Earth Surface Processes and Landforms |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=1–13 |doi=10.1002/esp.3290190102 |issn=0197-9337}}</ref> Intaa waxaa dheer, daraasado cilmiyeed oo ku saabsan deegaanka aadka u qallalan ee ku xeeran dur-biyoodka ayaa muujinaya in khasaaraha gudbinta, halkaas oo biyaha daadku ay u deggaan dhulka hoostiisa (alluvial aquifer), ay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan hab-dhaqanka biyaha ee webiga, taas oo si toos ah u saameynaysa gaadiidka wasakhda iyo wax ka beddelka marin-biyoodka inta lagu jiro dhacdooyinka daadadka degdegga ah ee waaweyn.<ref name=eew/> == Horumarinta gobolka iyo beeraha == Khayraadka biyaha iyo dooxada juqraafiyeed ee Nahal Paran waxay si dhow ugu xiran yihiin degganaanshaha gobolka iyo horumarinta [[Arabah|saxaraha Arava]]. Moshav Paran, oo ah bulsho beeralay ah oo laga aasaasay gobolka 1970-yadii, waxay si weyn ugu tiirsan tahay maamulka biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ee aagga iyo kaabayaasha maxalliga ah. Sanduuqa Qaranka Yuhuudda ([[Jewish National Fund|KKL-JNF]]) wuxuu si firfircoon uga qaybqaatay hirgelinta xalalka maaraynta biyaha iyo taageeridda ballaarinta beeraha aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo ee horumarsan ee moshav-ka iyo kaabayaasha bulshada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moshav Paran - Keren Kayemeth LeIsrael - KKL-JNF |url=http://https//kkl-jnf.org%2fpeople-and-environment%2fcommunity-development%2farava%2fmoshav-paran%2f |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=https |language=en}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} {{coord|30.3333|N|34.9686|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} tssimeutxwlvz3bi27koxengy92och5 0 48018 299557 2026-06-26T14:49:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ulindi | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = Lualaba River DRC.svg | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = Webiga Lualaba, oo guduudan. Ulindi wuxuu ka soo galaa dhinaca bari ilaa waqooyiga Kindu. | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|2.879351|S|28.765469|E}} | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|1.673031|S|25.823879|E|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]] | location = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Webiga Ulindi''' ({{langx|sw|Mto Ulindi}}) waa gacan-biyood ka mid ah [[Webiga Lualaba]] oo ku yaalla [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]]. Waxaa jira soo-jeedin ah in lagu dhiso warshad koronto oo biyaha ka shaqaysa webiga si ay koronto u siiso mashruuc qodista dahabka ah. == Goobta == Webigu wuxuu ka soo askumaa bariga [[South Kivu]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhinaca waqooyi-galbeed isagoo maraya [[Maniema]], isagoo ku biira Lualaba dhinaca hoose ee [[Kindu]].{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Dooxada sare ee Ulindi waxay leedahay noocyo kala duwan oo xoolo ah oo qani ah, oo ay ku jiraan noocyo badan oo daanyeer ah, chimpanzees, shabeellada, maroodiga, maroodiga iyo antelopes.{{sfn|Biebuyck|1973|p=5}} Dooxada waxaa dhaqan ahaan degganaa dadka [[Lega people|Lega]] iyo [[Nyindu people]], kuwaas oo ku hadla [[Lega language|Kilega]] iyo [[Shi language|Kinyindu]], oo ah luuqadaha Bantu. Waxaa maamul ahaan loo qaybiyay dhulka [[Mwenga Territory|Mwenga]], [[Shabunda Territory|Shabunda]] iyo [[Pangi Territory|Pangi]].{{sfn|Biebuyck|1973|p=3}} == Taariikh == Sannadkii 1874-kii webiga Ulindi waxaa soo booqday sahamiyaha [[Verney Lovett Cameron]], qofkii labaad ee Yurubiyanka ahaa ee ka gudba Afrika.{{sfn|Schaller|1988|p=88}} Intii lagu jiray muddadii [[Congo Free State]], gobolku wuxuu hoos imaanayay xukunka Carabta oo ka yimid xeebta bari ee Afrika. Qaar ka mid ah kuwaas sida Munie Chabodu iyo Munie Mtoro waxay ahaayeen wakiillo ka tirsan Gobolka Xorta ah. Magaalada [[Shabunda]] waxaa aasaasay Carabta. Sannadkii 1899-kii waxay lahayd dad lagu qiyaasay 8,000.{{sfn|Biebuyck|1973|p=3}} Bishii Juun 1997 warbixinnada ayaa soo baxay oo ku saabsan xasuuq qaxooti oo dhacay bishii Febraayo ee sannadkaas buundo korka ka xigta [[Shabunda]] ee Koonfurta Kivu. Qaxootiga waxaa ka mid ahaa dad rayid ah oo aan hubaysnayn iyo dagaalyahanno hubaysan oo [[Hutu]] ah oo ku lug lahaa xasuuqii 1994 ee [[Tutsi]]s ee Rwanda. Waxaa weeraray ciidamada Rwandan Tutsi ee la dagaallamayay xoogagga fallaagada ee [[Laurent Kabila]] si ay u ridaan kaligii taliye [[Mobutu Sese Seko]]. Markhaatiyaashu waxay sheegeen in boqollaal qof la dilay.{{sfn|Cahn|1997}} == Soo-kabashada dahabka == Bishii Abriil 2009 [[Banro Corporation]], oo ah qodista dahabka ee Kanada, ayaa soo werisay natiijooyinka daraasad suurtagal ah oo loogu talagalay warshad koronto oo biyaha ka shaqaysa oo ku taal webiga. Mashruucu wuxuu ka faa'iidaysan doonaa hoos u dhac dhan {{convert|600|m|ft}} oo ku yaalla webiga masaafad dhan {{convert|18|km|mi}}. Waxay ku kici doontaa qiyaastii US$133.8 milyan, taas oo siinaysa il "cagaaran" oo koronto ah mashruuca dahabka ee [[Twangiza]].{{sfn|PennWell|2009}} Qandaraasyada macdanta ayaa daboolaya {{convert|1164|km2|sqmi}} waxayna ku yaallaan {{convert|41|km|mi}} koonfur-koonfur-galbeed ee [[Bukavu]].{{sfn|Twangiza}} Kaydka la xaqiijiyay oo suurtogal ah oo ku salaysan heerka jarista 0.5-gram-per-tonne waa 4.54 milyan oo wiqiyadood oo dahab ah. Warshadda korontada ee la qorsheeyay waxay ku jiri doontaa "kayn buuraley ah oo nadiif ah", waxayna saameyn doontaa kalluumeysiga maxalliga ah.{{sfn|Kaiser|2009}} Daraasad ayaa muujisay in 1,860 qoys oo ku nool aagga u dhexeeya wabiyada Twangiza iyo Lulimbohwe ay saameyn doonto, iyadoo 1,257 ay tahay in dib loo dejiyo. Inta badan dadku waa beeraley ama macdan qodayaal farshaxan ah. Wabiyada dhinaca hoose ee mashruuca qiyaastii 1,725 oo shaqaale ah ayaa ku hawlan soo kabashada dahabka, qasaca, tungsten iyo tantalum, hawlgallo ay gacanta ku hayaan kooxo fallaago ah oo kala duwan iyo hoggaamiyayaasha dagaalka, inta badan iyada oo la ilaalinayo maamulka maxalliga ah. Biraha si sharci-darro ah loo soo saaray ayaa lagu iibiyaa suuqa madow. Tobannaan sano oo [[artisanal mining|macdan qodis farshaxan ah]] ayaa wasakhaysay sariiraha webiga oo leh rasaas, chromium, arsenic iyo suurtogal ah mercury.{{sfn|Kaiser|2009}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=br775uirFl4C&pg=PA3 |title=Lega culture; art, initiation, and moral philosophy among a Central African people |first=Daniel P. |last=Biebuyck |author-link=Daniel P. Biebuyck |publisher=University of California Press |year=1973 |isbn=0-520-02085-5}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401040116/http://rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-04-01 |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo |first=X. |last=Blaes |publisher=PNUD-SIG |date=October 2008 |access-date=2011-12-09}} *{{cite web |url=http://thecabin.net/stories/062997/witness.html |title=Witnesses say troops killed refugees at bridge in Zaire 6/29/97 |date=June 29, 1997 |first=Dianna |last=Cahn |agency=Associated Press |access-date=2011-12-10 |archive-date=2012-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616162150/http://thecabin.net/stories/062997/witness.html |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web |url=http://www.miningmarkets.ca/news/john-kaiser-s-ounces-in-the-ground-part-ii--banro-s-twangiza/1000340713/ |title=John Kaiser's Ounces in the Ground, Part II - Banro's Twangiza |work=Mining Markets |first=John |last=Kaiser |date=2009-09-11 |access-date=2011-12-10 |archive-date=2012-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426042148/http://www.miningmarkets.ca/news/john-kaiser-s-ounces-in-the-ground-part-ii--banro-s-twangiza/1000340713/ |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web |url=http://www.hydroworld.com/index/display/article-display/6142483430/articles/hrhrw/News/Study_bolsters_plan_for_30-MW_Ulindi_2_at_DR_Congo_gold_mine.html |title=Study bolsters plan for 30-MW Ulindi 2 at DR Congo gold mine |date=February 4, 2009 |last=PennWell |access-date=2011-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529222025/http://www.hydroworld.com/index/display/article-display/6142483430/articles/hrhrw/News/Study_bolsters_plan_for_30-MW_Ulindi_2_at_DR_Congo_gold_mine.html |archive-date=2012-05-29}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kJwoL8MLhjoC&pg=PA88 |title=The Year of the Gorilla |first=George B.|last=Schaller |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1988 |isbn=0-226-73648-2}} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Twangiza}} |url=http://www.infomine.com/suppliers/minedevelopments/twangiza/welcome.asp |title=Twangiza |work=Infomine |access-date=2011-12-10 |archive-date=2014-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715005715/http://www.infomine.com/suppliers/minedevelopments/twangiza/welcome.asp |url-status=dead }} {{refend}} == Xiriirrada dibadda == *{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/gallery/2007/sep/01/congo |title=Massacre in Congo |work=The Guardian |date=1 September 2007 |access-date=2011-12-10}} {{Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}} ioangdbw2i5ixw2nblfyz6ftaa6hrq9 299558 299557 2026-06-26T14:49:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* Xiriirrada dibadda */ 299558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ulindi | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = Lualaba River DRC.svg | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = Webiga Lualaba, oo guduudan. Ulindi wuxuu ka soo galaa dhinaca bari ilaa waqooyiga Kindu. | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|2.879351|S|28.765469|E}} | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|1.673031|S|25.823879|E|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]] | location = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Webiga Ulindi''' ({{langx|sw|Mto Ulindi}}) waa gacan-biyood ka mid ah [[Webiga Lualaba]] oo ku yaalla [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]]. Waxaa jira soo-jeedin ah in lagu dhiso warshad koronto oo biyaha ka shaqaysa webiga si ay koronto u siiso mashruuc qodista dahabka ah. == Goobta == Webigu wuxuu ka soo askumaa bariga [[South Kivu]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhinaca waqooyi-galbeed isagoo maraya [[Maniema]], isagoo ku biira Lualaba dhinaca hoose ee [[Kindu]].{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} Dooxada sare ee Ulindi waxay leedahay noocyo kala duwan oo xoolo ah oo qani ah, oo ay ku jiraan noocyo badan oo daanyeer ah, chimpanzees, shabeellada, maroodiga, maroodiga iyo antelopes.{{sfn|Biebuyck|1973|p=5}} Dooxada waxaa dhaqan ahaan degganaa dadka [[Lega people|Lega]] iyo [[Nyindu people]], kuwaas oo ku hadla [[Lega language|Kilega]] iyo [[Shi language|Kinyindu]], oo ah luuqadaha Bantu. Waxaa maamul ahaan loo qaybiyay dhulka [[Mwenga Territory|Mwenga]], [[Shabunda Territory|Shabunda]] iyo [[Pangi Territory|Pangi]].{{sfn|Biebuyck|1973|p=3}} == Taariikh == Sannadkii 1874-kii webiga Ulindi waxaa soo booqday sahamiyaha [[Verney Lovett Cameron]], qofkii labaad ee Yurubiyanka ahaa ee ka gudba Afrika.{{sfn|Schaller|1988|p=88}} Intii lagu jiray muddadii [[Congo Free State]], gobolku wuxuu hoos imaanayay xukunka Carabta oo ka yimid xeebta bari ee Afrika. Qaar ka mid ah kuwaas sida Munie Chabodu iyo Munie Mtoro waxay ahaayeen wakiillo ka tirsan Gobolka Xorta ah. Magaalada [[Shabunda]] waxaa aasaasay Carabta. Sannadkii 1899-kii waxay lahayd dad lagu qiyaasay 8,000.{{sfn|Biebuyck|1973|p=3}} Bishii Juun 1997 warbixinnada ayaa soo baxay oo ku saabsan xasuuq qaxooti oo dhacay bishii Febraayo ee sannadkaas buundo korka ka xigta [[Shabunda]] ee Koonfurta Kivu. Qaxootiga waxaa ka mid ahaa dad rayid ah oo aan hubaysnayn iyo dagaalyahanno hubaysan oo [[Hutu]] ah oo ku lug lahaa xasuuqii 1994 ee [[Tutsi]]s ee Rwanda. Waxaa weeraray ciidamada Rwandan Tutsi ee la dagaallamayay xoogagga fallaagada ee [[Laurent Kabila]] si ay u ridaan kaligii taliye [[Mobutu Sese Seko]]. Markhaatiyaashu waxay sheegeen in boqollaal qof la dilay.{{sfn|Cahn|1997}} == Soo-kabashada dahabka == Bishii Abriil 2009 [[Banro Corporation]], oo ah qodista dahabka ee Kanada, ayaa soo werisay natiijooyinka daraasad suurtagal ah oo loogu talagalay warshad koronto oo biyaha ka shaqaysa oo ku taal webiga. Mashruucu wuxuu ka faa'iidaysan doonaa hoos u dhac dhan {{convert|600|m|ft}} oo ku yaalla webiga masaafad dhan {{convert|18|km|mi}}. Waxay ku kici doontaa qiyaastii US$133.8 milyan, taas oo siinaysa il "cagaaran" oo koronto ah mashruuca dahabka ee [[Twangiza]].{{sfn|PennWell|2009}} Qandaraasyada macdanta ayaa daboolaya {{convert|1164|km2|sqmi}} waxayna ku yaallaan {{convert|41|km|mi}} koonfur-koonfur-galbeed ee [[Bukavu]].{{sfn|Twangiza}} Kaydka la xaqiijiyay oo suurtogal ah oo ku salaysan heerka jarista 0.5-gram-per-tonne waa 4.54 milyan oo wiqiyadood oo dahab ah. Warshadda korontada ee la qorsheeyay waxay ku jiri doontaa "kayn buuraley ah oo nadiif ah", waxayna saameyn doontaa kalluumeysiga maxalliga ah.{{sfn|Kaiser|2009}} Daraasad ayaa muujisay in 1,860 qoys oo ku nool aagga u dhexeeya wabiyada Twangiza iyo Lulimbohwe ay saameyn doonto, iyadoo 1,257 ay tahay in dib loo dejiyo. Inta badan dadku waa beeraley ama macdan qodayaal farshaxan ah. Wabiyada dhinaca hoose ee mashruuca qiyaastii 1,725 oo shaqaale ah ayaa ku hawlan soo kabashada dahabka, qasaca, tungsten iyo tantalum, hawlgallo ay gacanta ku hayaan kooxo fallaago ah oo kala duwan iyo hoggaamiyayaasha dagaalka, inta badan iyada oo la ilaalinayo maamulka maxalliga ah. Biraha si sharci-darro ah loo soo saaray ayaa lagu iibiyaa suuqa madow. Tobannaan sano oo [[artisanal mining|macdan qodis farshaxan ah]] ayaa wasakhaysay sariiraha webiga oo leh rasaas, chromium, arsenic iyo suurtogal ah mercury.{{sfn|Kaiser|2009}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=br775uirFl4C&pg=PA3 |title=Lega culture; art, initiation, and moral philosophy among a Central African people |first=Daniel P. |last=Biebuyck |author-link=Daniel P. Biebuyck |publisher=University of California Press |year=1973 |isbn=0-520-02085-5}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401040116/http://rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-04-01 |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo |first=X. |last=Blaes |publisher=PNUD-SIG |date=October 2008 |access-date=2011-12-09}} *{{cite web |url=http://thecabin.net/stories/062997/witness.html |title=Witnesses say troops killed refugees at bridge in Zaire 6/29/97 |date=June 29, 1997 |first=Dianna |last=Cahn |agency=Associated Press |access-date=2011-12-10 |archive-date=2012-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616162150/http://thecabin.net/stories/062997/witness.html |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web |url=http://www.miningmarkets.ca/news/john-kaiser-s-ounces-in-the-ground-part-ii--banro-s-twangiza/1000340713/ |title=John Kaiser's Ounces in the Ground, Part II - Banro's Twangiza |work=Mining Markets |first=John |last=Kaiser |date=2009-09-11 |access-date=2011-12-10 |archive-date=2012-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426042148/http://www.miningmarkets.ca/news/john-kaiser-s-ounces-in-the-ground-part-ii--banro-s-twangiza/1000340713/ |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web |url=http://www.hydroworld.com/index/display/article-display/6142483430/articles/hrhrw/News/Study_bolsters_plan_for_30-MW_Ulindi_2_at_DR_Congo_gold_mine.html |title=Study bolsters plan for 30-MW Ulindi 2 at DR Congo gold mine |date=February 4, 2009 |last=PennWell |access-date=2011-12-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529222025/http://www.hydroworld.com/index/display/article-display/6142483430/articles/hrhrw/News/Study_bolsters_plan_for_30-MW_Ulindi_2_at_DR_Congo_gold_mine.html |archive-date=2012-05-29}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kJwoL8MLhjoC&pg=PA88 |title=The Year of the Gorilla |first=George B.|last=Schaller |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1988 |isbn=0-226-73648-2}} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Twangiza}} |url=http://www.infomine.com/suppliers/minedevelopments/twangiza/welcome.asp |title=Twangiza |work=Infomine |access-date=2011-12-10 |archive-date=2014-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715005715/http://www.infomine.com/suppliers/minedevelopments/twangiza/welcome.asp |url-status=dead }} {{refend}} == Xiriirrada dibadda == *{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/gallery/2007/sep/01/congo |title=Massacre in Congo |work=The Guardian |date=1 September 2007 |access-date=2011-12-10}} 4t75p8mojs6p9n0taqc2nknh2ja4vzv 0 48019 299559 2026-06-26T14:51:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Tshuapa | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = File:Tshuapa River DRC.svg | map_size = | map_caption = Webiga Ruki-Busira-Tshuapa, oo guduudan | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka webiga ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|825|km}} (la mari karo) | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Busira River|Webiga Busira]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-0.345888 |20.783018|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Ruki River|Ruki]]–Busira | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = }} '''Webiga Tshuapa''' ama '''Rivière Tshwapa''' waa webi ku yaalla Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo, waana gacan-biyoodka ugu weyn ee [[Busira River|Webiga Busira]]. == Marin-biyoodka == Webigu wuxuu ka soo askumaa koonfurta [[Sankuru Nature Reserve|Kaydka Dabeecadda ee Sankuru]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa waqooyi-waqooyi-galbeed ilaa [[Elinga-Mpango]] iyo ilaa [[Bondo (Tshuapa)|Bondo]], meeshaas oo uu u qulqulo dhinaca galbeed-waqooyi-galbeed ilaa [[Boende]], korka meesha uu ku biiro [[Lomela River|Webiga Lomela]] si ay u sameeyaan [[Busira River|Webiga Busira]].{{sfn|Relation: Tshwapa (385008)}} Waxay u jirtaa {{convert|408|km}} meeshan ilaa Webiga Congo.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=13}} Magaalada [[Boende]] waxay {{convert|29|km}} u jirtaa isgoyska iyo {{convert|444|km}} u jirtaa [[Mbandaka]], oo ku taal [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]].{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=14}} == Deegaanka == Isku-darka wabiyada Tshuapa iyo Lomela wuxuu ku yaallaa wadnaha hoos-u-dhaca dhexe ee [[Congo Basin|Dooxada Congo]]. Roobabka sanadlaha ah ee celceliska ah waa {{convert|2000|mm}}, iyada oo aan jirin xilli qallalan. Qaybo ka mid ah aagga Tshuapa 20–25% dhulka ayaa ku dhaca daadad. Kaynta dhiiqada joogtada ah ayaa fidsan {{convert|156|km}} dhinaca Tshuapa, oo leh bed dhan {{convert|160000|ha}} inta u dhaxaysa 20°33'E iyo 22°00'E.{{sfn|Hughes|1992|p=548}} == Marin-biyoodka == Tshuapa waxay leedahay dherer la mari karo oo ah {{convert|825|km}} laga bilaabo meesha uu ku biiro Lomela ilaa xadka uu ku yaallo Elinga-Mpango.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=14}} Qaybta webiga ee laga bilaabo afkiisa ilaa [[Ikela]], oo ah {{convert|555|km}} waxaa la mari karaa sanadka oo dhan maraakiibta 350 tan ah, in kasta oo qaar ka mid ah leexashooyinka cidhiidhiga ah ay tahay in lala xaajoodo. Laga soo bilaabo Ikela ilaa Bondo oo ah {{convert|696|km}} waxay qaadi kartaa maraakiibta 40 tan ah sanadka oo dhan. Waxaa jira kursi dhagax ah {{convert|3|km}} dhinaca sare ee Bondo. Laga bilaabo Bondo ilaa Elinga-Mpango webigu wuu cidhiidhyaa oo wuu dabayshaa wax badan, loomana mari karo sanadka oo dhan.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=15}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist|25em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |last=Hughes|first=R. H.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA548 |accessdate=2021-03-21|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5}} *{{citation |title=L'exploitation des affluents du Zaïre et des ports de l'intérieur de 1960 à 1971 |language=fr |accessdate=2021-03-22 |last=Lederer |first=A. |publisher=Académi e royal e des Sciences d'Outre-Mer: Classe des Sciences Techniques, N.S., XVII-6, Bruxelles |year=1973 |url=http://www.kaowarsom.be/documents/MEMOIRES_VERHANDELINGEN/Sciences_techniques/Tec.Sc.(NS)_T.XVII,6_LEDERER,%20A._L'exploitation%20des%20affluents%20du%20Za%C3%AFre%20et%20des%20ports%20de%20l'int%C3%A9rieur%20de%201960%20%C3%A0%201971_1974.PDF}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/385008#map=7/-1.521/21.456 |accessdate=2021-03-21 |title=Relation: Tshwapa (385008) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Relation: Tshwapa (385008)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} 1ls948k3m939t2eyvg1bsssd89llz63 0 48020 299560 2026-06-26T14:54:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Webiga Sange|image=Sange River, Uvira Territory, South Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.jpg|image_caption=Webiga Sange, Abriil 2022|subdivision_type1=Dal|subdivision_name1=[[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]]| mouth=[[Ruzizi River|Webiga Ruzizi]]|mouth_coordinates={{Coord|-3.0585|29.2516|format=dms|display=inline,title|region:CD_type:river}}}} '''Webiga Sange''' waa gacan-biyood ka mid ah [[Ruzizi River|Webiga Ruzizi]] oo ku yaalla qaybta bari ee [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]] (DRC). Waxay u adeegtaa il lagu kalsoonaan karo oo biyo ah oo loogu talagalay isticmaalka gudaha iyo ganacsiga, qoysaska ku nool xeebaha webigana waxay ku tiirsan yihiin biyaha nadiifta ah ee webiga cabitaanka, karinta, iyo shaqooyinka guriga. Ganacsiyada maxalliga ah waxay ku tiirsan yihiin sahayda badan ee webiga si ay u daboolaan baahiyaha dadka soo booqdayaasha ah iyo dalxiisayaasha. Intaa waxaa dheer, qulqulka webigu wuxuu taageeraa nidaamka deegaanka ee adeegyada.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qn4aAQAAIAAJ&q=Sange%20River%20flows%20into%20Rusizi%20River |title=Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology: Volume 30 |publisher=The Natural History Museum |year=1977 |location=London, England |pages=197 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2022 |title=26 mars, Sange dans la province du Sud-Kivu, l'affaissement du pont perturbe la vie socio-économique de la population |trans-title=26 Maarso, Sange oo ku taal gobolka South Kivu, burburka buundada ayaa khalkhal gelinaya nolosha dhaqan-dhaqaale ee dadweynaha |url=https://www.radiondenganews.net/2022/03/26/26-mars-sange-dans-la-province-du-sud-kivu-laffaissement-du-pont-perturbe-la-vie-socio-economique-de-la-population/ |access-date=22 June 2023 |website=Ndenga News |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Goobta == Webigu wuxuu ka soo askumaa qaybta galbeed ee [[Ruzizi Plain]] ee [[Uvira Territory]] ee [[South Kivu|Gobolka South Kivu]] wuxuuna ku biiraa [[Ruzizi River|Webiga Ruzizi]] oo ka gudba bannaanka. Marka uu webigu marayo gobolka, wuxuu ururiyaa biyo ka yimaada durdurro yaryar iyo gacan-biyoodyo, oo ay ku jiraan Webiga Luvua oo ku yaalla [[Sange, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sange]], Webiga Luvimvi oo ku yaalla [[Katogota]], Webiga Luvubu oo ku yaalla [[Lubarika]], Webiga Luvungi oo ku yaalla [[Luvungi]], Webiga Luberizi oo ku yaalla [[Luberizi]], iyo Webiga Runingu oo ku yaalla [[Runingo|Runingu]]. [[Sange, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Dooxada sare ee Sange]] waxaa dhaqan ahaan degganaa [[Fuliiru language|Kifuliiru]]-ku-hadlayaal [[Agriculturist|beeralay]] iyo [[herder|xoolo-dhaqato]] kuwaas oo ku barwaaqoobay aagga, iyagoo ku tiirsan khayraadka dooxada si ay u helaan nafaqadooda iyo nolol-maalmeedkooda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kabiraba |first=Christine Amina |date=2012 |title=Du mode de traitement des ordures ménagères dans la cité d'Uvira, cas des fractions biodégradables et non biodégradables |trans-title=Habka daaweynta qashinka guriga ee magaalada Uvira, kiiska qaybaha noolaha iyo kuwa aan noolaha ahayn |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/08/13/7304/m_Du-mode-de-traitement-des-ordures-menageres-dans-la-cite-dUvira-cas-des-fractions-biodegrada8.html |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Développement Durable |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnTxBls4PfwC&q=Sange+River+Rusizi+River |title=Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Volumes 738–740 |publisher=University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology |year=2006 |location=Michigan, United States |pages=11 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hautmann |first=Frédéric |date=1939 |title=Étude ethnographique de l'Itombwe (district du Kivu, Congo Belge) |journal=Geographica Helvetica |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=175–176 |doi=10.5194/gh-4-175-1949 |s2cid=180994095 |language=French |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pottier |first=Johan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iRz_QzoVdJcC |title=Re-Imagining Rwanda: Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Late Twentieth Century |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=September 26, 2002 |isbn=9780521528733 |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |pages=16 |language=English}}</ref> == Taariikh == Markii [[Henry Morton Stanley]] uu ku biiray [[David Livingstone]] oo jooga [[Ujiji]] si uu u sahamiyo afka [[Ruzizi River|Webiga Ruzizi]], Stanley wuxuu garawsaday in Webiga Sange uu u adeego sidii gacan-biyood u qulqula Webiga Ruzizi ee ballaaran.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tyler |first=Josiah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WmccAAAAMAAJ |title=Livingstone Lost and Found: Or Africa and Its Explorers : a Complete Account of the Country and Its Inhabitants, Their Customs, Mannners, &C., of the Prominent Missionary Stations, of the Diamond and Gold Fields, and of Explorations Made; With a Comprehensive Biographical Sketch of Dr. David Livingstone, His Travels Adventures, Experiences and Disappearance; and a Most Interesting Account of His Discovery by the American Expedition, in Command of Henry M. Stanley |publisher=Mutual publishing Company |year=1873 |location=Hawaii, United States |pages=510–511 |language=English}}</ref> Muddadii [[Belgian Congo]], buundo ayaa laga dhisay webiga si loo fududeeyo ka gudubka caqabadaha sida webiyada, dooxooyinka, ama waddooyinka waaweyn.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XYQAAAAIAAJ&q=Sange+River+at+highway+bridge |title=Actes et comptes rendus: Soil biology. Soil fertility and plant nutrition. Soil technology |publisher=Secretariat General |year=1954 |pages=484 |language=English, French}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 17 Abriil 2020, buundadu way burburtay sababtoo ah roobabka mahiigaanka ah ee Sange iyo agagaarkeeda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2020 |title=Uvira: au moins 23 morts à la suite d’une pluie diluvienne |trans-title=Uvira: Ugu yaraan 23 qof ayaa dhintay ka dib roobab mahiigaan ah |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2020/04/17/actualite/societe/uvira-au-moins-23-morts-la-suite-dune-pluie-diluvienne |access-date=18 November 2024 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Diasso |first=Alain |date=18 April 2020 |title=Bukavu: d'importants dégâts humains et matériels consécutifs à une inondation |trans-title=Bukavu: khasaare weyn oo bini'aadan iyo mid hantiyeed oo ka dhashay fatahaad |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/bukavu-dimportants-degats-humains-et-materiels-consecutifs-une-inondation-115398 |access-date=18 November 2024 |website=Adiac-congo.com |language=fr |publication-place=Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Mwamba |first=Justin |date=18 April 2020 |title=Catastrophes à Uvira: la plupart de cadavres ont été enterrés par leurs proches et membres des familles |trans-title=Masiibooyinka Uvira: Inta badan meydadka waxaa aasay qaraabadooda iyo xubnaha qoyska |url=https://actualite.cd/2020/04/18/catastrophes-uvira-la-plupart-des-cadavres-ont-etes-enterres-par-leurs-proches-et |access-date=18 November 2024 |website=[[Actualite.cd]] |language=fr |publication-place=Bukavu, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> == Roobabkii mahiigaanka ahaa ee 2020 == Bishii Abriil 2020 roobab mahiigaan ah iyo gacan-biyoodyo fatahay oo ku yaalla [[Uvira]] ayaa daadadku ku qaadeen guryo, oo ay ku jirto Buundada Sange, taas oo burburtay iyadoo ka hoosaysa cadaadiska weyn ee qulqulka webiga. Tiirarka buundada ayaa jabay ka dib markii ay si ba'an u daxaleysteen.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> Roobabku waxay sidoo kale khalkhal geliyeen nolosha dhaqaale iyo bulsho ee dadka deggan [[Sange, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sange]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> Warbixinnada rasmiga ah waxay muujiyeen in 24 meyd la helay, 3,500 guri ayaa waxyeello gaartay, iyo khasaare kale oo muhiim ah ayaa la xusay.<ref name=":2" /> Sida laga soo xigtay UM News, oo ah warbaahinta rasmiga ah ee [[United Methodist Church]], ku dhawaad 70,000 oo qof ayaa guryo la'aan noqday.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Lolonga |first=Philippe Kituka |last2=Londe |first2=Chadrack Tambwe |date=2 June 2020 |title=Church aids flood survivors in Congo |url=https://www.umnews.org/en/news/church-aids-flood-survivors-in-congo |access-date=22 June 2023 |website=Umnews.org/en |publisher=[[United Methodist Church]] |language=en}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} kcdlm3uhklzcrjyce4e3obbpy1tcmmn 299561 299560 2026-06-26T14:55:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Webiga Sange|image=Sange River, Uvira Territory, South Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.jpg|image_caption=Webiga Sange, Abriil 2022|subdivision_type1=Dal|subdivision_name1=[[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]]| mouth=[[Ruzizi River|Webiga Ruzizi]]|mouth_coordinates={{Coord|-3.0585|29.2516|format=dms|display=inline,title|region:CD_type:river}}}} '''Webiga Sange''' waa gacan-biyood ka mid ah [[Ruzizi River|Webiga Ruzizi]] oo ku yaalla qaybta bari ee [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]] (DRC). Waxay u adeegtaa il lagu kalsoonaan karo oo biyo ah oo loogu talagalay isticmaalka gudaha iyo ganacsiga, qoysaska ku nool xeebaha webigana waxay ku tiirsan yihiin biyaha nadiifta ah ee webiga cabitaanka, karinta, iyo shaqooyinka guriga. Ganacsiyada maxalliga ah waxay ku tiirsan yihiin sahayda badan ee webiga si ay u daboolaan baahiyaha dadka soo booqdayaasha ah iyo dalxiisayaasha. Intaa waxaa dheer, qulqulka webigu wuxuu taageeraa nidaamka deegaanka ee adeegyada.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qn4aAQAAIAAJ&q=Sange%20River%20flows%20into%20Rusizi%20River |title=Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology: Volume 30 |publisher=The Natural History Museum |year=1977 |location=London, England |pages=197 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2022 |title=26 mars, Sange dans la province du Sud-Kivu, l'affaissement du pont perturbe la vie socio-économique de la population |trans-title=26 Maarso, Sange oo ku taal gobolka South Kivu, burburka buundada ayaa khalkhal gelinaya nolosha dhaqan-dhaqaale ee dadweynaha |url=https://www.radiondenganews.net/2022/03/26/26-mars-sange-dans-la-province-du-sud-kivu-laffaissement-du-pont-perturbe-la-vie-socio-economique-de-la-population/ |access-date=22 June 2023 |website=Ndenga News |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Goobta == Webigu wuxuu ka soo askumaa qaybta galbeed ee [[Ruzizi Plain]] ee [[Uvira Territory]] ee [[South Kivu|Gobolka South Kivu]] wuxuuna ku biiraa [[Ruzizi River|Webiga Ruzizi]] oo ka gudba bannaanka. Marka uu webigu marayo gobolka, wuxuu ururiyaa biyo ka yimaada durdurro yaryar iyo gacan-biyoodyo, oo ay ku jiraan Webiga Luvua oo ku yaalla [[Sange, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sange]], Webiga Luvimvi oo ku yaalla [[Katogota]], Webiga Luvubu oo ku yaalla [[Lubarika]], Webiga Luvungi oo ku yaalla [[Luvungi]], Webiga Luberizi oo ku yaalla [[Luberizi]], iyo Webiga Runingu oo ku yaalla [[Runingo|Runingu]]. [[Sange, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Dooxada sare ee Sange]] waxaa dhaqan ahaan degganaa [[Fuliiru language|Kifuliiru]]-ku-hadlayaal [[Agriculturist|beeralay]] iyo [[herder|xoolo-dhaqato]] kuwaas oo ku barwaaqoobay aagga, iyagoo ku tiirsan khayraadka dooxada si ay u helaan nafaqadooda iyo nolol-maalmeedkooda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kabiraba |first=Christine Amina |date=2012 |title=Du mode de traitement des ordures ménagères dans la cité d'Uvira, cas des fractions biodégradables et non biodégradables |trans-title=Habka daaweynta qashinka guriga ee magaalada Uvira, kiiska qaybaha noolaha iyo kuwa aan noolaha ahayn |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/08/13/7304/m_Du-mode-de-traitement-des-ordures-menageres-dans-la-cite-dUvira-cas-des-fractions-biodegrada8.html |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Développement Durable |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnTxBls4PfwC&q=Sange+River+Rusizi+River |title=Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Volumes 738–740 |publisher=University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology |year=2006 |location=Michigan, United States |pages=11 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hautmann |first=Frédéric |date=1939 |title=Étude ethnographique de l'Itombwe (district du Kivu, Congo Belge) |journal=Geographica Helvetica |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=175–176 |doi=10.5194/gh-4-175-1949 |s2cid=180994095 |language=French |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pottier |first=Johan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iRz_QzoVdJcC |title=Re-Imagining Rwanda: Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Late Twentieth Century |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=September 26, 2002 |isbn=9780521528733 |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |pages=16 |language=English}}</ref> == Taariikh == Markii [[Henry Morton Stanley]] uu ku biiray [[David Livingstone]] oo jooga [[Ujiji]] si uu u sahamiyo afka [[Ruzizi River|Webiga Ruzizi]], Stanley wuxuu garawsaday in Webiga Sange uu u adeego sidii gacan-biyood u qulqula Webiga Ruzizi ee ballaaran.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tyler |first=Josiah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WmccAAAAMAAJ |title=Livingstone Lost and Found: Or Africa and Its Explorers : a Complete Account of the Country and Its Inhabitants, Their Customs, Mannners, &C., of the Prominent Missionary Stations, of the Diamond and Gold Fields, and of Explorations Made; With a Comprehensive Biographical Sketch of Dr. David Livingstone, His Travels Adventures, Experiences and Disappearance; and a Most Interesting Account of His Discovery by the American Expedition, in Command of Henry M. Stanley |publisher=Mutual publishing Company |year=1873 |location=Hawaii, United States |pages=510–511 |language=English}}</ref> Muddadii [[Belgian Congo]], buundo ayaa laga dhisay webiga si loo fududeeyo ka gudubka caqabadaha sida webiyada, dooxooyinka, ama waddooyinka waaweyn.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XYQAAAAIAAJ&q=Sange+River+at+highway+bridge |title=Actes et comptes rendus: Soil biology. Soil fertility and plant nutrition. Soil technology |publisher=Secretariat General |year=1954 |pages=484 |language=English, French}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 17 Abriil 2020, buundadu way burburtay sababtoo ah roobabka mahiigaanka ah ee Sange iyo agagaarkeeda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2020 |title=Uvira: au moins 23 morts à la suite d’une pluie diluvienne |trans-title=Uvira: Ugu yaraan 23 qof ayaa dhintay ka dib roobab mahiigaan ah |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2020/04/17/actualite/societe/uvira-au-moins-23-morts-la-suite-dune-pluie-diluvienne |access-date=18 November 2024 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Diasso |first=Alain |date=18 April 2020 |title=Bukavu: d'importants dégâts humains et matériels consécutifs à une inondation |trans-title=Bukavu: khasaare weyn oo bini'aadan iyo mid hantiyeed oo ka dhashay fatahaad |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/bukavu-dimportants-degats-humains-et-materiels-consecutifs-une-inondation-115398 |access-date=18 November 2024 |website=Adiac-congo.com |language=fr |publication-place=Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Mwamba |first=Justin |date=18 April 2020 |title=Catastrophes à Uvira: la plupart de cadavres ont été enterrés par leurs proches et membres des familles |trans-title=Masiibooyinka Uvira: Inta badan meydadka waxaa aasay qaraabadooda iyo xubnaha qoyska |url=https://actualite.cd/2020/04/18/catastrophes-uvira-la-plupart-des-cadavres-ont-etes-enterres-par-leurs-proches-et |access-date=18 November 2024 |website=[[Actualite.cd]] |language=fr |publication-place=Bukavu, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> == Roobabkii mahiigaanka ahaa ee 2020 == Bishii Abriil 2020 roobab mahiigaan ah iyo gacan-biyoodyo fatahay oo ku yaalla [[Uvira]] ayaa daadadku ku qaadeen guryo, oo ay ku jirto Buundada Sange, taas oo burburtay iyadoo ka hoosaysa cadaadiska weyn ee qulqulka webiga. Tiirarka buundada ayaa jabay ka dib markii ay si ba'an u daxaleysteen.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> Roobabku waxay sidoo kale khalkhal geliyeen nolosha dhaqaale iyo bulsho ee dadka deggan [[Sange, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sange]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> Warbixinnada rasmiga ah waxay muujiyeen in 24 meyd la helay, 3,500 guri ayaa waxyeello gaartay, iyo khasaare kale oo muhiim ah ayaa la xusay.<ref name=":2" /> Sida laga soo xigtay UM News, oo ah warbaahinta rasmiga ah ee [[United Methodist Church]], ku dhawaad 70,000 oo qof ayaa guryo la'aan noqday.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Lolonga |first=Philippe Kituka |last2=Londe |first2=Chadrack Tambwe |date=2 June 2020 |title=Church aids flood survivors in Congo |url=https://www.umnews.org/en/news/church-aids-flood-survivors-in-congo |access-date=22 June 2023 |website=Umnews.org/en |publisher=[[United Methodist Church]] |language=en}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} hrmiewumfmv88z65k79871yfewefrer 299562 299561 2026-06-26T14:55:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Webiga Sange|image=Sange River, Uvira Territory, South Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.jpg|image_caption=Webiga Sange, Abriil 2022|subdivision_type1=Dal|subdivision_name1=[[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]]| mouth=[[Ruzizi River|Webiga Ruzizi]]|mouth_coordinates={{Coord|-3.0585|29.2516|format=dms|display=inline,title|region:CD_type:river}}}} '''Webiga Sange''' waa gacan-biyood ka mid ah [[Ruzizi River|Webiga Ruzizi]] oo ku yaalla qaybta bari ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]] (DRC). Waxay u adeegtaa il lagu kalsoonaan karo oo biyo ah oo loogu talagalay isticmaalka gudaha iyo ganacsiga, qoysaska ku nool xeebaha webigana waxay ku tiirsan yihiin biyaha nadiifta ah ee webiga cabitaanka, karinta, iyo shaqooyinka guriga. Ganacsiyada maxalliga ah waxay ku tiirsan yihiin sahayda badan ee webiga si ay u daboolaan baahiyaha dadka soo booqdayaasha ah iyo dalxiisayaasha. Intaa waxaa dheer, qulqulka webigu wuxuu taageeraa nidaamka deegaanka ee adeegyada.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qn4aAQAAIAAJ&q=Sange%20River%20flows%20into%20Rusizi%20River |title=Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology: Volume 30 |publisher=The Natural History Museum |year=1977 |location=London, England |pages=197 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2022 |title=26 mars, Sange dans la province du Sud-Kivu, l'affaissement du pont perturbe la vie socio-économique de la population |trans-title=26 Maarso, Sange oo ku taal gobolka South Kivu, burburka buundada ayaa khalkhal gelinaya nolosha dhaqan-dhaqaale ee dadweynaha |url=https://www.radiondenganews.net/2022/03/26/26-mars-sange-dans-la-province-du-sud-kivu-laffaissement-du-pont-perturbe-la-vie-socio-economique-de-la-population/ |access-date=22 June 2023 |website=Ndenga News |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Goobta == Webigu wuxuu ka soo askumaa qaybta galbeed ee [[Ruzizi Plain]] ee [[Uvira Territory]] ee [[South Kivu|Gobolka South Kivu]] wuxuuna ku biiraa [[Ruzizi River|Webiga Ruzizi]] oo ka gudba bannaanka. Marka uu webigu marayo gobolka, wuxuu ururiyaa biyo ka yimaada durdurro yaryar iyo gacan-biyoodyo, oo ay ku jiraan Webiga Luvua oo ku yaalla [[Sange, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sange]], Webiga Luvimvi oo ku yaalla [[Katogota]], Webiga Luvubu oo ku yaalla [[Lubarika]], Webiga Luvungi oo ku yaalla [[Luvungi]], Webiga Luberizi oo ku yaalla [[Luberizi]], iyo Webiga Runingu oo ku yaalla [[Runingo|Runingu]]. [[Sange, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Dooxada sare ee Sange]] waxaa dhaqan ahaan degganaa [[Fuliiru language|Kifuliiru]]-ku-hadlayaal [[Agriculturist|beeralay]] iyo [[herder|xoolo-dhaqato]] kuwaas oo ku barwaaqoobay aagga, iyagoo ku tiirsan khayraadka dooxada si ay u helaan nafaqadooda iyo nolol-maalmeedkooda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kabiraba |first=Christine Amina |date=2012 |title=Du mode de traitement des ordures ménagères dans la cité d'Uvira, cas des fractions biodégradables et non biodégradables |trans-title=Habka daaweynta qashinka guriga ee magaalada Uvira, kiiska qaybaha noolaha iyo kuwa aan noolaha ahayn |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/08/13/7304/m_Du-mode-de-traitement-des-ordures-menageres-dans-la-cite-dUvira-cas-des-fractions-biodegrada8.html |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Développement Durable |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnTxBls4PfwC&q=Sange+River+Rusizi+River |title=Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Volumes 738–740 |publisher=University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology |year=2006 |location=Michigan, United States |pages=11 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hautmann |first=Frédéric |date=1939 |title=Étude ethnographique de l'Itombwe (district du Kivu, Congo Belge) |journal=Geographica Helvetica |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=175–176 |doi=10.5194/gh-4-175-1949 |s2cid=180994095 |language=French |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pottier |first=Johan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iRz_QzoVdJcC |title=Re-Imagining Rwanda: Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Late Twentieth Century |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=September 26, 2002 |isbn=9780521528733 |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |pages=16 |language=English}}</ref> == Taariikh == Markii [[Henry Morton Stanley]] uu ku biiray [[David Livingstone]] oo jooga [[Ujiji]] si uu u sahamiyo afka [[Ruzizi River|Webiga Ruzizi]], Stanley wuxuu garawsaday in Webiga Sange uu u adeego sidii gacan-biyood u qulqula Webiga Ruzizi ee ballaaran.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tyler |first=Josiah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WmccAAAAMAAJ |title=Livingstone Lost and Found: Or Africa and Its Explorers : a Complete Account of the Country and Its Inhabitants, Their Customs, Mannners, &C., of the Prominent Missionary Stations, of the Diamond and Gold Fields, and of Explorations Made; With a Comprehensive Biographical Sketch of Dr. David Livingstone, His Travels Adventures, Experiences and Disappearance; and a Most Interesting Account of His Discovery by the American Expedition, in Command of Henry M. Stanley |publisher=Mutual publishing Company |year=1873 |location=Hawaii, United States |pages=510–511 |language=English}}</ref> Muddadii [[Belgian Congo]], buundo ayaa laga dhisay webiga si loo fududeeyo ka gudubka caqabadaha sida webiyada, dooxooyinka, ama waddooyinka waaweyn.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XYQAAAAIAAJ&q=Sange+River+at+highway+bridge |title=Actes et comptes rendus: Soil biology. Soil fertility and plant nutrition. Soil technology |publisher=Secretariat General |year=1954 |pages=484 |language=English, French}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 17 Abriil 2020, buundadu way burburtay sababtoo ah roobabka mahiigaanka ah ee Sange iyo agagaarkeeda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2020 |title=Uvira: au moins 23 morts à la suite d’une pluie diluvienne |trans-title=Uvira: Ugu yaraan 23 qof ayaa dhintay ka dib roobab mahiigaan ah |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2020/04/17/actualite/societe/uvira-au-moins-23-morts-la-suite-dune-pluie-diluvienne |access-date=18 November 2024 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Diasso |first=Alain |date=18 April 2020 |title=Bukavu: d'importants dégâts humains et matériels consécutifs à une inondation |trans-title=Bukavu: khasaare weyn oo bini'aadan iyo mid hantiyeed oo ka dhashay fatahaad |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/bukavu-dimportants-degats-humains-et-materiels-consecutifs-une-inondation-115398 |access-date=18 November 2024 |website=Adiac-congo.com |language=fr |publication-place=Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Mwamba |first=Justin |date=18 April 2020 |title=Catastrophes à Uvira: la plupart de cadavres ont été enterrés par leurs proches et membres des familles |trans-title=Masiibooyinka Uvira: Inta badan meydadka waxaa aasay qaraabadooda iyo xubnaha qoyska |url=https://actualite.cd/2020/04/18/catastrophes-uvira-la-plupart-des-cadavres-ont-etes-enterres-par-leurs-proches-et |access-date=18 November 2024 |website=[[Actualite.cd]] |language=fr |publication-place=Bukavu, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> == Roobabkii mahiigaanka ahaa ee 2020 == Bishii Abriil 2020 roobab mahiigaan ah iyo gacan-biyoodyo fatahay oo ku yaalla [[Uvira]] ayaa daadadku ku qaadeen guryo, oo ay ku jirto Buundada Sange, taas oo burburtay iyadoo ka hoosaysa cadaadiska weyn ee qulqulka webiga. Tiirarka buundada ayaa jabay ka dib markii ay si ba'an u daxaleysteen.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> Roobabku waxay sidoo kale khalkhal geliyeen nolosha dhaqaale iyo bulsho ee dadka deggan [[Sange, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sange]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> Warbixinnada rasmiga ah waxay muujiyeen in 24 meyd la helay, 3,500 guri ayaa waxyeello gaartay, iyo khasaare kale oo muhiim ah ayaa la xusay.<ref name=":2" /> Sida laga soo xigtay UM News, oo ah warbaahinta rasmiga ah ee [[United Methodist Church]], ku dhawaad 70,000 oo qof ayaa guryo la'aan noqday.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Lolonga |first=Philippe Kituka |last2=Londe |first2=Chadrack Tambwe |date=2 June 2020 |title=Church aids flood survivors in Congo |url=https://www.umnews.org/en/news/church-aids-flood-survivors-in-congo |access-date=22 June 2023 |website=Umnews.org/en |publisher=[[United Methodist Church]] |language=en}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 5zfdm4h99je0mvmrklo4wy1qbhg9q0t 299563 299562 2026-06-26T14:56:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Webiga Sange|image=Sange River, Uvira Territory, South Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.jpg|image_caption=Webiga Sange, Abriil 2022|subdivision_type1=Dal|subdivision_name1=[[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]]| mouth=[[Ruzizi River|Webiga Ruzizi]]|mouth_coordinates={{Coord|-3.0585|29.2516|format=dms|display=inline,title|region:CD_type:river}}}} '''Webiga Sange''' waa gacan-biyood ka mid ah [[Ruzizi River|Webiga Ruzizi]] oo ku yaalla qaybta bari ee [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] (DRC). Waxay u adeegtaa il lagu kalsoonaan karo oo biyo ah oo loogu talagalay isticmaalka gudaha iyo ganacsiga, qoysaska ku nool xeebaha webigana waxay ku tiirsan yihiin biyaha nadiifta ah ee webiga cabitaanka, karinta, iyo shaqooyinka guriga. Ganacsiyada maxalliga ah waxay ku tiirsan yihiin sahayda badan ee webiga si ay u daboolaan baahiyaha dadka soo booqdayaasha ah iyo dalxiisayaasha. Intaa waxaa dheer, qulqulka webigu wuxuu taageeraa nidaamka deegaanka ee adeegyada.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qn4aAQAAIAAJ&q=Sange%20River%20flows%20into%20Rusizi%20River |title=Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology: Volume 30 |publisher=The Natural History Museum |year=1977 |location=London, England |pages=197 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2022 |title=26 mars, Sange dans la province du Sud-Kivu, l'affaissement du pont perturbe la vie socio-économique de la population |trans-title=26 Maarso, Sange oo ku taal gobolka South Kivu, burburka buundada ayaa khalkhal gelinaya nolosha dhaqan-dhaqaale ee dadweynaha |url=https://www.radiondenganews.net/2022/03/26/26-mars-sange-dans-la-province-du-sud-kivu-laffaissement-du-pont-perturbe-la-vie-socio-economique-de-la-population/ |access-date=22 June 2023 |website=Ndenga News |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Goobta == Webigu wuxuu ka soo askumaa qaybta galbeed ee [[Ruzizi Plain]] ee [[Uvira Territory]] ee [[South Kivu|Gobolka South Kivu]] wuxuuna ku biiraa [[Ruzizi River|Webiga Ruzizi]] oo ka gudba bannaanka. Marka uu webigu marayo gobolka, wuxuu ururiyaa biyo ka yimaada durdurro yaryar iyo gacan-biyoodyo, oo ay ku jiraan Webiga Luvua oo ku yaalla [[Sange, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sange]], Webiga Luvimvi oo ku yaalla [[Katogota]], Webiga Luvubu oo ku yaalla [[Lubarika]], Webiga Luvungi oo ku yaalla [[Luvungi]], Webiga Luberizi oo ku yaalla [[Luberizi]], iyo Webiga Runingu oo ku yaalla [[Runingo|Runingu]]. [[Sange, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Dooxada sare ee Sange]] waxaa dhaqan ahaan degganaa [[Fuliiru language|Kifuliiru]]-ku-hadlayaal [[Agriculturist|beeralay]] iyo [[herder|xoolo-dhaqato]] kuwaas oo ku barwaaqoobay aagga, iyagoo ku tiirsan khayraadka dooxada si ay u helaan nafaqadooda iyo nolol-maalmeedkooda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kabiraba |first=Christine Amina |date=2012 |title=Du mode de traitement des ordures ménagères dans la cité d'Uvira, cas des fractions biodégradables et non biodégradables |trans-title=Habka daaweynta qashinka guriga ee magaalada Uvira, kiiska qaybaha noolaha iyo kuwa aan noolaha ahayn |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/08/13/7304/m_Du-mode-de-traitement-des-ordures-menageres-dans-la-cite-dUvira-cas-des-fractions-biodegrada8.html |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Institut Supérieur de Développement Durable |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnTxBls4PfwC&q=Sange+River+Rusizi+River |title=Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Volumes 738–740 |publisher=University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology |year=2006 |location=Michigan, United States |pages=11 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hautmann |first=Frédéric |date=1939 |title=Étude ethnographique de l'Itombwe (district du Kivu, Congo Belge) |journal=Geographica Helvetica |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=175–176 |doi=10.5194/gh-4-175-1949 |s2cid=180994095 |language=French |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pottier |first=Johan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iRz_QzoVdJcC |title=Re-Imagining Rwanda: Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Late Twentieth Century |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=September 26, 2002 |isbn=9780521528733 |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |pages=16 |language=English}}</ref> == Taariikh == Markii [[Henry Morton Stanley]] uu ku biiray [[David Livingstone]] oo jooga [[Ujiji]] si uu u sahamiyo afka [[Ruzizi River|Webiga Ruzizi]], Stanley wuxuu garawsaday in Webiga Sange uu u adeego sidii gacan-biyood u qulqula Webiga Ruzizi ee ballaaran.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tyler |first=Josiah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WmccAAAAMAAJ |title=Livingstone Lost and Found: Or Africa and Its Explorers : a Complete Account of the Country and Its Inhabitants, Their Customs, Mannners, &C., of the Prominent Missionary Stations, of the Diamond and Gold Fields, and of Explorations Made; With a Comprehensive Biographical Sketch of Dr. David Livingstone, His Travels Adventures, Experiences and Disappearance; and a Most Interesting Account of His Discovery by the American Expedition, in Command of Henry M. Stanley |publisher=Mutual publishing Company |year=1873 |location=Hawaii, United States |pages=510–511 |language=English}}</ref> Muddadii [[Belgian Congo]], buundo ayaa laga dhisay webiga si loo fududeeyo ka gudubka caqabadaha sida webiyada, dooxooyinka, ama waddooyinka waaweyn.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XYQAAAAIAAJ&q=Sange+River+at+highway+bridge |title=Actes et comptes rendus: Soil biology. Soil fertility and plant nutrition. Soil technology |publisher=Secretariat General |year=1954 |pages=484 |language=English, French}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 17 Abriil 2020, buundadu way burburtay sababtoo ah roobabka mahiigaanka ah ee Sange iyo agagaarkeeda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2020 |title=Uvira: au moins 23 morts à la suite d’une pluie diluvienne |trans-title=Uvira: Ugu yaraan 23 qof ayaa dhintay ka dib roobab mahiigaan ah |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2020/04/17/actualite/societe/uvira-au-moins-23-morts-la-suite-dune-pluie-diluvienne |access-date=18 November 2024 |website=[[Radio Okapi]] |language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Diasso |first=Alain |date=18 April 2020 |title=Bukavu: d'importants dégâts humains et matériels consécutifs à une inondation |trans-title=Bukavu: khasaare weyn oo bini'aadan iyo mid hantiyeed oo ka dhashay fatahaad |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/bukavu-dimportants-degats-humains-et-materiels-consecutifs-une-inondation-115398 |access-date=18 November 2024 |website=Adiac-congo.com |language=fr |publication-place=Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Mwamba |first=Justin |date=18 April 2020 |title=Catastrophes à Uvira: la plupart de cadavres ont été enterrés par leurs proches et membres des familles |trans-title=Masiibooyinka Uvira: Inta badan meydadka waxaa aasay qaraabadooda iyo xubnaha qoyska |url=https://actualite.cd/2020/04/18/catastrophes-uvira-la-plupart-des-cadavres-ont-etes-enterres-par-leurs-proches-et |access-date=18 November 2024 |website=[[Actualite.cd]] |language=fr |publication-place=Bukavu, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> == Roobabkii mahiigaanka ahaa ee 2020 == Bishii Abriil 2020 roobab mahiigaan ah iyo gacan-biyoodyo fatahay oo ku yaalla [[Uvira]] ayaa daadadku ku qaadeen guryo, oo ay ku jirto Buundada Sange, taas oo burburtay iyadoo ka hoosaysa cadaadiska weyn ee qulqulka webiga. Tiirarka buundada ayaa jabay ka dib markii ay si ba'an u daxaleysteen.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> Roobabku waxay sidoo kale khalkhal geliyeen nolosha dhaqaale iyo bulsho ee dadka deggan [[Sange, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sange]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> Warbixinnada rasmiga ah waxay muujiyeen in 24 meyd la helay, 3,500 guri ayaa waxyeello gaartay, iyo khasaare kale oo muhiim ah ayaa la xusay.<ref name=":2" /> Sida laga soo xigtay UM News, oo ah warbaahinta rasmiga ah ee [[United Methodist Church]], ku dhawaad 70,000 oo qof ayaa guryo la'aan noqday.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Lolonga |first=Philippe Kituka |last2=Londe |first2=Chadrack Tambwe |date=2 June 2020 |title=Church aids flood survivors in Congo |url=https://www.umnews.org/en/news/church-aids-flood-survivors-in-congo |access-date=22 June 2023 |website=Umnews.org/en |publisher=[[United Methodist Church]] |language=en}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} o7elj8asf0v4x3zs09g1ofas10fmz4h 0 48021 299564 2026-06-26T14:58:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ruki | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka webiga ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length ={{convert|805|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location=[[Ingende]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg ={{convert|4,450|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Introduction |url=http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers14-08/25361.pdf}}</ref> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|-0.321419|18.982817}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|0.079782|18.292829|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]] | basin_size ={{convert|173,790|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = Webiga Momboyo | tributaries_right = [[Busira River|Webiga Busira]] | waterbodies = | waterfalls = }} [[File:Rivers_of_center_DRC.png | thumb | right | alt=A map showing all the rivers of the DRC | Webiga Ruki oo ka muuqda bidixda sare]] '''Ruki''' ({{langx|sw|Mto Ruki}}) waa webi ku yaalla Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo. Waa gacan-biyoodka bidix ee [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]]. Waxaa loo arki karaa inay tahay qaybta hoose ee [[Busira River|Webiga Busira]], kaas oo isna loo arki karo qaybta hoose ee [[Tshuapa River|Webiga Tshuapa]]. == Goobta == Ruki waa webi weyn oo ku yaalla [[Cuvette Centrale]] ee qaybta dhexe ee dooxada Webiga Congo.{{sfn|Kesner-Reyes|2020}} Dooxada biyuhu waxay dabooshaa qiyaastii {{convert|14000000|km2}}.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=14}} [[Drainage basin|Dooxada qulqulka]] waa ku dhawaad gebi ahaanba kayn dhul-hooseed nadiif ah iyo kayn dhiiqo ah.{{sfn|Drake |Baumgartner |Barthel |Bauters}} Sannadkii 2020, 248 nooc oo kalluun ah ayaa lagu aqoonsaday 26 qoys.{{sfn|Kesner-Reyes|2020}} Webiyada ugu waaweyn waa Ruki-Busira, Momboyo-Luilaka, [[Tshuapa River|Tshuapa]], [[Lomela River|Lomela]] iyo [[Salonga River|Salonga]].{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=13}} Magaalada ugu muhiimsan ee ku taal dooxada webiga waa [[Boende]] oo ku taal Tshuapa, {{convert|29|km}} dhinaca sare ee meesha ay ku biirto Lomela si ay u sameeyaan Busira.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=58}} Webiga Ruki wuxuu sameysmaa kor [[Ingende]] halkaas oo [[Momboyo River|Webiga Momboyo]] uu kaga biiro [[Busira River|Webiga Busira]] dhinaca bidix wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhinaca galbeed-waqooyi-galbeed.{{sfn|Ruki River ... Encyclopaedia Britannica}} Wuxuu ka soo galaa Congo dhinaca bari, isagoo mara waqooyiga magaalada [[Mbandaka]].{{sfn|Way: Моандака (238294439)}} Ruki iyo gacan-biyoodkeeda ugu weyn Busira waa la mari karaa sanadka oo dhan, maadaama qoto dheeruhu uu had iyo jeer ka badan yahay {{convert|1|m}} wuxuuna gaaraa {{convert|2|m}} xilliga fatahaadda. Biyaha sare waa Maarso-Abriil iyo Nofeembar. Biyaha hoose waa Febraayo iyo Juun-Luulyo.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=14}} Ruki lafteedu waa {{convert|103|km}} oo dherer ah, waxayna ku fidsan tahay dhinaca hoose ee afka Momboyo, taas oo ah {{convert|2|km}} kor ka xigta Ingende. Dhinaca sare waxaa loo yaqaannaa Busira ilaa meesha ay isugu yimaadaan Tshuapa iyo Lomela. Qaybta Busira waa {{convert|305|km}} dherer ah, dhammaan marin-biyoodka Ruki-Busira waa {{convert|408|km}} dherer ah.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=13}} Ruki-Busira waxay heshaa afar gacan-biyood oo la mari karo: Momboyo oo ku taal {{convert|103|km}} meesha uu afkiisu yahay, Salonga oo ku taal {{convert|233|km}}, kor ka xigta [[Lotoko, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Lotoko]], iyo Tshuapa iyo Lomela kuwaas oo isugu yimaada si ay u sameeyaan webiga.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=14}} == Muddadii gumeysiga == Sahamiyaha [[Henry Morton Stanley]] ayaa booqday gobolka, wuxuuna ugu yeeray Ruki Webiga Mohindu.{{sfn|Stanley|1885|p=344}} Nin maxalli ah oo ka yimid Bungata ayaa u bixiyay webiga Buruki (Ruki) ama Mohindu, oo macnaheedu yahay "Madow".{{sfn|Stanley|1885|p=32}} Stanley wuxuu sahamiyay qiyaastii {{convert|80|mi}}, iyo iyadoo lagu saleynayo cabbirkiisa iyo warbixinnada dadka maxalliga ah wuxuu ku qiyaasay in laga yaabo in la mari karo qiyaastii {{convert|650|mi}}.{{sfn|Stanley|1885|p=344}} == The African Queen == Webiga Ruki waxaa loo isticmaalay meel goob ahaan loogu talagalay filimka ''[[The African Queen (film) |The African Queen]]'' oo ay jilayaan [[Humphrey Bogart]] iyo [[Katharine Hepburn]]. Maqaal 1951 ku qornaa majaladda Life ayaa sharraxaya sida dadka filimada sameeya ay u jabiyeen "kalinimadii kululayd ee nolosha oo ay weheliyaan xeebaha qoyan, cudurku ku batay" ee webiga. Kaynta ayaa la nadiifiyay si loo abuuro "koox aqallo asal ah oo dhadhan fiican leh". Filim-qaadistu waxay qaadatay toddobo toddobaad.{{sfn|Katie and Bogie Hit the Congo}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://www.congo-biogeochem.com/swamp-forest |accessdate=2021-03-21 |last1=Drake |first1=Travis W. |first2=Simon |last2=Baumgartner |first3=Matti |last3=Barthel |first4=Marijn |last4=Bauters |first5=Kristof |last5=Van Oost |first6=Glenn |last6=Bush |title=Hydrologic and Biogeochemical Fluxes from the Ruki River and Adjacent Swamp Forest}} *{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tE4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA172 |magazine=Life |title=Katie and Bogie Hit the Congo |date=17 September 1951 |ref={{harvid|Katie and Bogie Hit the Congo}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.fishbase.de/TrophicEco/EcosysRef.php?ve_code=815 |accessdate=2021-03-21 |last=Kesner-Reyes |first=Kathleen |year=2020 |title=EcosystemRuki|work=fishbase}} *{{citation |title=L'exploitation des affluents du Zaïre et des ports de l'intérieur de 1960 à 1971 |language=fr |accessdate=2021-03-22 |last=Lederer |first=A. |publisher=Académi e royal e des Sciences d'Outre-Mer: Classe des Sciences Techniques, N.S., XVII-6, Bruxelles |year=1973 |url=http://www.kaowarsom.be/documents/MEMOIRES_VERHANDELINGEN/Sciences_techniques/Tec.Sc.(NS)_T.XVII,6_LEDERER,%20A._L'exploitation%20des%20affluents%20du%20Za%C3%AFre%20et%20des%20ports%20de%20l'int%C3%A9rieur%20de%201960%20%C3%A0%201971_1974.PDF}} *{{citation |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ruki-River |accessdate=2021-03-21 |title=Ruki River |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica |ref={{harvid|Ruki River ... Encyclopaedia Britannica}} }} *{{citation |last=Stanley|first=Henry Morton|title=The Congo and the Founding of Its Free State: A Story of Work and Exploration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7eJXcOIjUEC&pg=PA344 |accessdate=2021-03-21|date=1885 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-03132-5}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/238294439#map=13/0.0342/18.2840 |accessdate=2021-03-21 |title=Way: Моандака (238294439) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Way: Моандака (238294439)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} qldcjeoyeh7a5lmzkprd7o98zkkhl7r 299565 299564 2026-06-26T14:59:19Z Isma4l 41797 299565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ruki | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka webiga ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length ={{convert|805|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location=[[Ingende]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg ={{convert|4,450|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Introduction |url=http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers14-08/25361.pdf}}</ref> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|-0.321419|18.982817}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|0.079782|18.292829|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]] | basin_size ={{convert|173,790|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = Webiga Momboyo | tributaries_right = [[Busira River|Webiga Busira]] | waterbodies = | waterfalls = }} [[File:Rivers_of_center_DRC.png | thumb | right | alt=A map showing all the rivers of the DRC | Webiga Ruki oo ka muuqda bidixda sare]] '''Ruki''' ({{langx|sw|Mto Ruki}}) waa webi ku yaalla Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo. Waa gacan-biyoodka bidix ee [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]]. Waxaa loo arki karaa inay tahay qaybta hoose ee [[Busira River|Webiga Busira]], kaas oo isna loo arki karo qaybta hoose ee [[Tshuapa River|Webiga Tshuapa]]. == Goobta == Ruki waa webi weyn oo ku yaalla [[Cuvette Centrale]] ee qaybta dhexe ee dooxada Webiga Congo.{{sfn|Kesner-Reyes|2020}} Dooxada biyuhu waxay dabooshaa qiyaastii {{convert|14000000|km2}}.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=14}} [[Drainage basin|Dooxada qulqulka]] waa ku dhawaad gebi ahaanba kayn dhul-hooseed nadiif ah iyo kayn dhiiqo ah.{{sfn|Drake |Baumgartner |Barthel |Bauters}} Sannadkii 2020, 248 nooc oo kalluun ah ayaa lagu aqoonsaday 26 qoys.{{sfn|Kesner-Reyes|2020}} Webiyada ugu waaweyn waa Ruki-Busira, Momboyo-Luilaka, [[Tshuapa River|Tshuapa]], [[Lomela River|Lomela]] iyo [[Salonga River|Salonga]].{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=13}} Magaalada ugu muhiimsan ee ku taal dooxada webiga waa [[Boende]] oo ku taal Tshuapa, {{convert|29|km}} dhinaca sare ee meesha ay ku biirto Lomela si ay u sameeyaan Busira.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=58}} Webiga Ruki wuxuu sameysmaa kor [[Ingende]] halkaas oo [[Momboyo River|Webiga Momboyo]] uu kaga biiro [[Busira River|Webiga Busira]] dhinaca bidix wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhinaca galbeed-waqooyi-galbeed.{{sfn|Ruki River ... Encyclopaedia Britannica}} Wuxuu ka soo galaa Congo dhinaca bari, isagoo mara waqooyiga magaalada [[Mbandaka]].{{sfn|Way: Моандака (238294439)}} Ruki iyo gacan-biyoodkeeda ugu weyn Busira waa la mari karaa sanadka oo dhan, maadaama qoto dheeruhu uu had iyo jeer ka badan yahay {{convert|1|m}} wuxuuna gaaraa {{convert|2|m}} xilliga fatahaadda. Biyaha sare waa Maarso-Abriil iyo Nofeembar. Biyaha hoose waa Febraayo iyo Juun-Luulyo.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=14}} Ruki lafteedu waa {{convert|103|km}} oo dherer ah, waxayna ku fidsan tahay dhinaca hoose ee afka Momboyo, taas oo ah {{convert|2|km}} kor ka xigta Ingende. Dhinaca sare waxaa loo yaqaannaa Busira ilaa meesha ay isugu yimaadaan Tshuapa iyo Lomela. Qaybta Busira waa {{convert|305|km}} dherer ah, dhammaan marin-biyoodka Ruki-Busira waa {{convert|408|km}} dherer ah.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=13}} Ruki-Busira waxay heshaa afar gacan-biyood oo la mari karo: Momboyo oo ku taal {{convert|103|km}} meesha uu afkiisu yahay, Salonga oo ku taal {{convert|233|km}}, kor ka xigta [[Lotoko, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Lotoko]], iyo Tshuapa iyo Lomela kuwaas oo isugu yimaada si ay u sameeyaan webiga.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=14}} == Muddadii gumeysiga == Sahamiyaha [[Henry Morton Stanley]] ayaa booqday gobolka, wuxuuna ugu yeeray Ruki Webiga Mohindu.{{sfn|Stanley|1885|p=344}} Nin maxalli ah oo ka yimid Bungata ayaa u bixiyay webiga Buruki (Ruki) ama Mohindu, oo macnaheedu yahay "Madow".{{sfn|Stanley|1885|p=32}} Stanley wuxuu sahamiyay qiyaastii {{convert|80|mi}}, iyo iyadoo lagu saleynayo cabbirkiisa iyo warbixinnada dadka maxalliga ah wuxuu ku qiyaasay in laga yaabo in la mari karo qiyaastii {{convert|650|mi}}.{{sfn|Stanley|1885|p=344}} == Boqoradda Afrika == Webiga Ruki waxaa loo isticmaalay meel goob ahaan loogu talagalay filimka ''[[The African Queen (film) |The African Queen]]'' oo ay jilayaan [[Humphrey Bogart]] iyo [[Katharine Hepburn]]. Maqaal 1951 ku qornaa majaladda Life ayaa sharraxaya sida dadka filimada sameeya ay u jabiyeen "kalinimadii kululayd ee nolosha oo ay weheliyaan xeebaha qoyan, cudurku ku batay" ee webiga. Kaynta ayaa la nadiifiyay si loo abuuro "koox aqallo asal ah oo dhadhan fiican leh". Filim-qaadistu waxay qaadatay toddobo toddobaad.{{sfn|Katie and Bogie Hit the Congo}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://www.congo-biogeochem.com/swamp-forest |accessdate=2021-03-21 |last1=Drake |first1=Travis W. |first2=Simon |last2=Baumgartner |first3=Matti |last3=Barthel |first4=Marijn |last4=Bauters |first5=Kristof |last5=Van Oost |first6=Glenn |last6=Bush |title=Hydrologic and Biogeochemical Fluxes from the Ruki River and Adjacent Swamp Forest}} *{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tE4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA172 |magazine=Life |title=Katie and Bogie Hit the Congo |date=17 September 1951 |ref={{harvid|Katie and Bogie Hit the Congo}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.fishbase.de/TrophicEco/EcosysRef.php?ve_code=815 |accessdate=2021-03-21 |last=Kesner-Reyes |first=Kathleen |year=2020 |title=EcosystemRuki|work=fishbase}} *{{citation |title=L'exploitation des affluents du Zaïre et des ports de l'intérieur de 1960 à 1971 |language=fr |accessdate=2021-03-22 |last=Lederer |first=A. |publisher=Académi e royal e des Sciences d'Outre-Mer: Classe des Sciences Techniques, N.S., XVII-6, Bruxelles |year=1973 |url=http://www.kaowarsom.be/documents/MEMOIRES_VERHANDELINGEN/Sciences_techniques/Tec.Sc.(NS)_T.XVII,6_LEDERER,%20A._L'exploitation%20des%20affluents%20du%20Za%C3%AFre%20et%20des%20ports%20de%20l'int%C3%A9rieur%20de%201960%20%C3%A0%201971_1974.PDF}} *{{citation |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ruki-River |accessdate=2021-03-21 |title=Ruki River |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica |ref={{harvid|Ruki River ... Encyclopaedia Britannica}} }} *{{citation |last=Stanley|first=Henry Morton|title=The Congo and the Founding of Its Free State: A Story of Work and Exploration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7eJXcOIjUEC&pg=PA344 |accessdate=2021-03-21|date=1885 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-03132-5}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/238294439#map=13/0.0342/18.2840 |accessdate=2021-03-21 |title=Way: Моандака (238294439) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Way: Моандака (238294439)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} fh2quopoa62jekd5lyoon165i3m8juf 0 48022 299566 2026-06-26T15:02:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Rubi | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = File:Pont riv rubi.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Buundo dusha ka marta Webiga Rubi | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Itimbiri River|Webiga Itimbiri]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|2.895878| 24.048924|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Rubi''' ({{langx|fr|Rivière Rubi}}) waa gacan-biyoodka bidix ee [[Itimbiri River|Webiga Itimbiri]], kaas oo samaysma marka uu Rubi ku biiro [[Likati River|Webiga Likati]]. == Marin-biyoodka == Webiga Rubi wuxuu ka soo askumaa koonfur-bari ee gobolka [[Bas-Uélé]], ka dibna wuxuu u qulqulaa galbeed ilaa uu ka kulmo Likati meel u dhow Djamba. Magaalada [[Buta, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Buta]] waxay ku taallaa xeebta waqooyi ee qaybtiisa dhexe.{{sfn|Relation: Itimbiri (9084)}} Rubi wuxuu maraa dhulka [[Poko Territory|Poko]], [[Bambesa Territory|Bambesa]], [[Buta Territory|Buta]] iyo [[Aketi Territory|Aketi]].{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=24}} Itimbiri waxaa sameeyay isku-darka Webiga Rubi iyo Webiga Likati.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=8}}{{efn|As of August 2020 OpenStreetMap showed the section from the confluence of the Likati and the Rubi down to the confluence of the Tele River and Rubi as the Rubi River.{{sfn|Relation: Itimbiri (9084)}} This disagrees with the 1973 description from the Académie royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer, which seems more plausible.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=8}} }} Gacan-biyoodyada ugu waaweyn ee Itimbiri-Rubi waa Likati, Aketi iyo Tele.{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=26}} Domaine de chasse de Rubi-Tele (Rubi-Tele Hunting Domain) ayaa la abuuray inta u dhaxaysa wabiyada Rubi iyo Tele 1930, waxaana la beddelay 1932. Waxay leedahay bed dhan {{convert|8000|km2}}. Waa mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu horreeya ee la ilaaliyo ee DRC. Heerku ma cadda, laakiin qaar baa u arka inay tahay aag meesha dhammaan ugaarsiga laga mamnuucay, kaas oo quudiya meelaha ugaarsiga ee deriska la ah.{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=43}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist|25em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |year=1973 |publisher=Académie royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer |location=Bruxelles |title=L'exploitation des affluents du Zaïre et des ports de l'intérieur de 1960 à 1971 |last=Lederer |first=A. |url=http://www.kaowarsom.be/documents/MEMOIRES_VERHANDELINGEN/Sciences_techniques/Tec.Sc.(NS)_T.XVII,6_LEDERER,%20A._L'exploitation%20des%20affluents%20du%20Za%C3%AFre%20et%20des%20ports%20de%20l'int%C3%A9rieur%20de%201960%20%C3%A0%201971_1974.PDF |accessdate=2020-08-29}} *{{citation |url=https://www.africamuseum.be/sites/default/files/media/docs/research/publications/rmca/online/monographies-provinces/bas-uele_web.pdf |accessdate=2020-08-30 |last=Omasombo Tshonda |first=Jean |title=Bas-Uele Pouvoirs locaux et économie agricole : héritages d’un passé brouillé |language=fr |ISBN=978-9-4916-1586-3 |publisher=Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale |year=2014}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/9084#map=9/2.3175/23.4009 |accessdate=2020-08-29 |title=Relation: Itimbiri (9084) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Relation: Itimbiri (9084)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} evwlns1e8j72eruowbwc2hedo5qifp7 299567 299566 2026-06-26T15:03:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Rubi | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = File:Pont riv rubi.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Buundo dusha ka marta Webiga Rubi | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Itimbiri River|Webiga Itimbiri]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|2.895878| 24.048924|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Rubi''' ({{langx|fr|Rivière Rubi}}) waa gacan-biyoodka bidix ee [[Itimbiri River|Webiga Itimbiri]], kaas oo samaysma marka uu Rubi ku biiro [[Likati River|Webiga Likati]]. == Marin-biyoodka == Webiga Rubi wuxuu ka soo askumaa koonfur-bari ee gobolka [[Bas-Uélé]], ka dibna wuxuu u qulqulaa galbeed ilaa uu ka kulmo Likati meel u dhow Djamba. Magaalada [[Buta, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Buta]] waxay ku taallaa xeebta waqooyi ee qaybtiisa dhexe.{{sfn|Relation: Itimbiri (9084)}} Rubi wuxuu maraa dhulka [[Poko Territory|Poko]], [[Bambesa Territory|Bambesa]], [[Buta Territory|Buta]] iyo [[Aketi Territory|Aketi]].{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=24}} Itimbiri waxaa sameeyay isku-darka Webiga Rubi iyo Webiga Likati.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=8}}{{efn|As of August 2020 OpenStreetMap showed the section from the confluence of the Likati and the Rubi down to the confluence of the Tele River and Rubi as the Rubi River.{{sfn|Relation: Itimbiri (9084)}} This disagrees with the 1973 description from the Académie royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer, which seems more plausible.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=8}} }} Gacan-biyoodyada ugu waaweyn ee Itimbiri-Rubi waa Likati, Aketi iyo Tele.{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=26}} Domaine de chasse de Rubi-Tele (Rubi-Tele Hunting Domain) ayaa la abuuray inta u dhaxaysa wabiyada Rubi iyo Tele 1930, waxaana la beddelay 1932. Waxay leedahay bed dhan {{convert|8000|km2}}. Waa mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu horreeya ee la ilaaliyo ee DRC. Heerku ma cadda, laakiin qaar baa u arka inay tahay aag meesha dhammaan ugaarsiga laga mamnuucay, kaas oo quudiya meelaha ugaarsiga ee deriska la ah.{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=43}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist|25em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |year=1973 |publisher=Académie royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer |location=Bruxelles |title=L'exploitation des affluents du Zaïre et des ports de l'intérieur de 1960 à 1971 |last=Lederer |first=A. |url=http://www.kaowarsom.be/documents/MEMOIRES_VERHANDELINGEN/Sciences_techniques/Tec.Sc.(NS)_T.XVII,6_LEDERER,%20A._L'exploitation%20des%20affluents%20du%20Za%C3%AFre%20et%20des%20ports%20de%20l'int%C3%A9rieur%20de%201960%20%C3%A0%201971_1974.PDF |accessdate=2020-08-29}} *{{citation |url=https://www.africamuseum.be/sites/default/files/media/docs/research/publications/rmca/online/monographies-provinces/bas-uele_web.pdf |accessdate=2020-08-30 |last=Omasombo Tshonda |first=Jean |title=Bas-Uele Pouvoirs locaux et économie agricole : héritages d’un passé brouillé |language=fr |ISBN=978-9-4916-1586-3 |publisher=Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale |year=2014}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/9084#map=9/2.3175/23.4009 |accessdate=2020-08-29 |title=Relation: Itimbiri (9084) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Relation: Itimbiri (9084)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} f54n08io4zg0c068kpm1ox4c0pvcfj8 0 48023 299568 2026-06-26T15:05:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Nzoro | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Haut-Uélé]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Kibali River|Webiga Kibali]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|3.29348|29.42869|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Uele River|Webiga Uele]], [[Congo Basin|Dooxada Congo]] | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Nzoro''' (ama '''Nzaro''', '''Obi''', '''Zoro''') waa webi ku yaalla Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo. Waa gacan-biyoodka midig ee [[Kibali River|Webiga Kibali]]. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu siiyo korontada biyaha [[Kibali Gold Mine|Macdanta Dahabka ee Kibali]]. == Marin-biyoodka == Webiga Nzoro wuxuu ka soo askumaa xagga sare ee waqooyi-bari ee dalka, meel u dhow halka uu xuduudka [[South Sudan|Koonfurta Sudan]] uu kaga biiro xuduudka [[Uganda|Uganda]]. Wuxuu raacaa marin qalloocan oo u jihaysan dhinaca galbeed ilaa uu ka gaaro isgoyska Kibali ee hoos u mara [[Durba]].{{sfn|Relation: Nzoro (2683773)}} [[Köppen climate classification|Kala-saarista cimilada ee Köppen]] waa Aw: [[Tropical savanna climate|Cimilada savannada kulaylaha]], qoyan.{{sfn|Nzoro, Haut Uele}} == Saamaynta bini'aadamka == Dadka [[Logo people|Logo]] iyo [[Lugbara people|Lugbara]] waxay ku nool yihiin dooxada webiga.{{sfn|Tucker|2017|loc=PT95}} Sannadkii 1891 [[Guillaume Van Kerkhoven]], {{ill|Pierre Ponthier|fr}} iyo [[Jules Milz]] waxay ka safreen [[Bumba, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Bumba]] kor ilaa [[Itimbiri River|Webiga Itimbiri]] iyo [[Likati River|Webiga Likati]], webiyada, ka dibna dhulka ilaa [[Uele River|Webiga Uele]] ee gobolka [[Djabir]]. Ka dib waxay sahamiyeen [[Kibali River|Webiga Kibali]] iyo Zoro. Waxay gaareen Niil, laakiin waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay u gurtaan gobolka [[Dungu, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Dungu]] markii ay soo weerareen Mahdiyiintu.{{sfn|Ergo|2013|p=2}} [[Kibali Gold Mine|Macdanta Dahabka ee Kibali]], oo ay maamusho Randgold, ayaa bilowday hawlgallada 2009. Shirkaddu waxay ku rakibtay warshad koronto oo biyaha ka shaqeysa oo awooddeedu tahay 20&nbsp;MW Webiga Nzoro, waxayna qorsheysay inay rakibto saddex kale.{{sfn|Alsdorf |Beighley |Laraque |Lee|2016|p=382}} Warshadaha korontadu waxay ku yaallaan biyo-dhacyada waxayna bixiyaan [[run-of-the-river hydroelectricity|korontada biyaha ee socota]], iyagoo ka fogaanaya baahida loo qabo biyo-xireennada.{{sfn|Alsdorf |Beighley |Laraque |Lee|2016|p=403}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:405730/datastream/PDF/download/citation.pdf |accessdate=2020-08-30 |title=Opportunities for hydrologic research in the Congo Basin |last1=Alsdorf |first1=Douglas |first2=Ed |last2=Beighley |first3=Alain |last3=Laraque |first4=Hyongki |last4=Lee |first5=Raphael |last5=Tshimanga |display-authors=etal |date=14 April 2016 |doi=10.1002/2016RG000517 |work=Reviews of Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=2|doi-access=free }} *{{citation |url=http://abergo1.e-monsite.com/medias/files/postes-fortifies-de-l-uele-fl-1.pdf |accessdate=2020-08-27 |chapter=Les postes fortifiés de la frontière Nord de l’État Indépendant du Congo |last=Ergo |first=André-Bernard |title=Histoire du Congo |year=2013}} *{{citation |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-206815.html |accessdate=2020-08-29 |title=Nzoro, Haut Uele, Democratic Republic of the Congo |work=[[Mindat.org]] |ref={{harvid|Nzoro, Haut Uele}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/2683773#map=15/3.2941/29.4189 |accessdate=2020-08-29 |title=Relation: Nzoro (2683773) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Relation: Nzoro (2683773)}} }} *{{citation |last=Tucker|first=A. N.|title=The Eastern Sudanic Languages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kOI2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT95|accessdate=30 August 2020 |date=22 September 2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-61006-3}} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} dnmyhamqphvy2jqwtotr8iwbg25xdbe 0 48024 299570 2026-06-26T15:08:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Momboyo | image = File:La rivière Lulilaka, parc national de Salonga, 2005.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Luilaka, oo ah gacan-biyoodka ugu weyn ee Momboyo, oo ku yaalla [[Salonga National Park]] | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka webiga ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert| 227|km}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Waka | source1_coordinates= {{coord|-1.00745|20.29525}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Ruki River|Webiga Ruki]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-0.343048|19.008223|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Ruki River|Webiga Ruki]] | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = Webiga Luilaka, Webiga Lokolo, Webiga Dwali | tributaries_right = Webiga Loile | waterbodies = | waterfalls = }} '''Webiga Momboyo''' ({{langx|fr|Rivière Momboyo}}) waa webi ku yaalla [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]]. Wuxuu ku biiraa [[Busira River|Webiga Busira]] si uu u sameeyo [[Ruki River|Webiga Ruki]], oo ah gacan-biyoodka [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]]. Momboyo iyo gacan-biyoodkeeda ugu weyn Luilaka ayaa la mari karaa {{convert|545|km}} meesha uu afkiisu yahay. == Goobta == Momboyo iyo gacan-biyoodkeeda ugu weyn Luilaka mararka qaarkood waxaa loo arkaa inay yihiin hal webi. Qaybta hoose ee {{convert|227|km}} waxaa loo yaqaannaa Momboyo, korna waxaa looga yaqaannaa Luilaka.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=14}} Momboyo saxda ah waxay ka samaysataa koonfur-bari ee tuulada Waka, [[Province of Équateur|Equateur]], oo ka yara gudbaysa xuduudka [[Tshuapa]], halkaas oo [[Loile River|Webiga Loile]] uu kaga biiro dhinaca midig ee Webiga Luilaka ee Bakako. Wuxuu u qulqulaa si qalloocan jihada waqooyi-galbeed ilaa uu ka gaaro isku-darka uu la leeyahay Webiga Busira.{{sfn|Relation: Momboyo (2100506)}} Wuxuu kaga biiraa Webiga Busira dhinaca bidix ee kor ka xigta [[Ingende]] si uu u sameeyo Webiga Ruki, kaas oo u qulqula {{convert|100|mi}} dhinaca galbeed-waqooyi-galbeed si uu ugu biiro Webiga Congo.{{sfn|Ruki River ... Encyclopaedia Britannica}} Waxaa jira {{convert|25000|ha}} oo dhiiqo ah oo ku yaalla Momboyo ka hor inta uusan ku biirin Busira.{{sfn|Hughes|1992|p=548}} == Marin-biyoodka == Webiga isku dhafan ee Momboyo-Luilaka ayaa la mari karaa {{convert|545|km}} laga bilaabo meesha uu afkiisu yahay ilaa [[Ikali]]. Laga soo bilaabo afkiisa ilaa Kassa, oo ah {{convert|119|km}}, webigu wuxuu u furan yahay doonyaha jiidaha ee nooca "C" ee jiidaya dooni 350 tan ah. Kor ka xigta tan, maraakiibta boostada ee "G" waxay u riixi karaan afar dooni ilaa [[Monkoto]] oo ah {{convert|407|km}} laga bilaabo afka. Sii kor, maraakiibta boostada ee "G" waxay u riixi karaan laba dooni ilaa Ikali oo ah {{convert|545|km}} laga bilaabo afka. Inta lagu jiro xilliyada biyaha hooseeya webiga waxaa laga yaabaa in la mari karo kaliya ilaa Isaka oo ah {{convert|460|km}} laga bilaabo afka, ama kaliya ilaa Monkoto.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=14}} == Joogitaanka bini'aadamka == Tuulooyinka ku teedsan webiga waxay Mbandaka siiyaan cuntooyin kala duwan, kuwa ugu muhiimsan waa buskudka cassava, galleyda iyo saliidda timirta.{{sfn|République démocratique du Congo : 50 morts}} Biyaha webiga waxaa wasakhaysay qashinka suuqyada dadwaynaha ee dhinaca webiga. Tani waxay keentaa cudurrada biyaha ka dhasha sida shubanka dadka ku nool agagaarka.{{sfn|Bosiyo Jean Clement}} Sannadkii 2008 kiisas [[monkeypox]] ah ayaa laga soo sheegay Ingende oo ku taal cagta webiga iyo Boteka, ee Momboyo. Cudurku wuxuu inta badan ku dhacaa bini'aadamka iyadoo la cunayo hilibka daanyeerka iyo dabagaallaha.{{sfn|Regine Kiala|2008}} == Shil doon oo dhacay 2018 == Bishii Maajo 2018 konton qof ayaa dhintay markii dooni matoor ah ay degtay intii lagu guda jiray safar habeenkii ah oo ay ku maraysay qaybta sare ee webiga. Qiyaastii konton ayaa la badbaadiyay. Doonidu aad bay u culaysnayd, waxayna u socotay habeenkii iyada oo aan lahayn nalka tuulada [[Monkoto]] una socotay [[Mbandaka]]. Waxay degtay {{convert|1|km}} u jirta [[Wafanya]].{{sfn|Congo : 50 morts dans un naufrage sur la rivière Momboyo}}{{efn|Monkoto iyo Wafanya, halkaas oo shilku ka dhacay, waxay ku yaallaan Webiga Lwilaka ama Luilaka, oo ah gacan-biyoodka ugu weyn ee Momboyo. Luilaka waxaa badanaa loo yaqaannaa Momboyo}} Shilka ayaa dhacay markii ''Baleinière'', oo ah dooni alwaax weyn ah, ay ku dhacday qori. Qulqulka xooggan ayaa si dhakhso ah u qaaday doonida. Shilalka noocan oo kale ah ayaa ku badan biyaha Congo sababtoo ah culayska saaran doonyaha oo xaaladdoodu liidato, oo ay weheliso la'aanta jaakadaha badbaadada iyo rakaab badan oo aan dabaalan karin.{{sfn|RDC: 50 morts dans le naufrage d’une embarcation}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist|25em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://sgp.undp.org/spacial-itemid-projects-landing-page/spacial-itemid-project-search-results/spacial-itemid-project-detailpage.html?view=projectdetail&id=16710 |author=Bosiyo Jean Clement |publisher=GEF Small Grants Programme |title=Protection de la diversité biologique des eaux de la rivière Momboyo à Ingende |language=fr |accessdate=2021-03-22 }} *{{citation |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/congo-50-morts-dans-un-naufrage-sur-la-riviere-momboyo-25-05-2018-7735152.php |accessdate=2021-03-22 |language=fr |title=Congo : 50 morts dans un naufrage sur la rivière Momboyo |work=Le Parisien |date=25 May 2018 |ref={{harvid|Congo : 50 morts dans un naufrage sur la rivière Momboyo}} }} *{{citation |last=Hughes|first=R. H.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA548 |accessdate=2021-03-21|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5}} *{{citation |title=L'exploitation des affluents du Zaïre et des ports de l'intérieur de 1960 à 1971 |language=fr |accessdate=2021-03-22 |last=Lederer |first=A. |publisher=Académi e royal e des Sciences d'Outre-Mer: Classe des Sciences Techniques, N.S., XVII-6, Bruxelles |year=1973 |url=http://www.kaowarsom.be/documents/MEMOIRES_VERHANDELINGEN/Sciences_techniques/Tec.Sc.(NS)_T.XVII,6_LEDERER,%20A._L'exploitation%20des%20affluents%20du%20Za%C3%AFre%20et%20des%20ports%20de%20l'int%C3%A9rieur%20de%201960%20%C3%A0%201971_1974.PDF}} *{{citation |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20180525-rdc-50-morts-le-naufrage-une-embarcation-le-nord-ouest |accessdate=2021-03-22 |language=fr |title=RDC: 50 morts dans le naufrage d’une embarcation dans le Nord-Ouest |work=RFI |date=25 May 2018 |ref={{harvid|RDC: 50 morts dans le naufrage d’une embarcation}} }} *{{citation |url=http://www.santetropicale.com/actus.asp?id=6823&action=lire |accessdate=2021-03-22 |language=fr |author=Regine Kiala |title=Equateur : Monkey Pox, 470 cas dont 22 décès à Mbandaka |journal=Le potentiel |location=Congo-Kinshasa |date=1 July 2008}} *{{citation |url=https://www.laprovence.com/actu/en-direct/4988792/republique-democratique-du-congo-50-morts-dans-un-naufrage.html |accessdate=2021-03-22 |language=fr |title=République démocratique du Congo : 50 morts dans un naufrage |work=La Provence |date=25 May 2018 |ref={{harvid|République démocratique du Congo : 50 morts}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ruki-River |accessdate=2021-03-21 |title=Ruki River |work=Encyclopaedia Britannica |ref={{harvid|Ruki River ... Encyclopaedia Britannica}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/2100506#map=13/-0.3612/19.0567 |accessdate=2021-03-21 |title=Relation: Momboyo (2100506) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Relation: Momboyo (2100506)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} ighs2xk4sxkd21w81qpmult1l6owic4 299571 299570 2026-06-26T15:08:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Momboyo | image = File:La rivière Lulilaka, parc national de Salonga, 2005.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Luilaka, oo ah gacan-biyoodka ugu weyn ee Momboyo, oo ku yaalla [[Salonga National Park]] | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka webiga ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert| 227|km}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Waka | source1_coordinates= {{coord|-1.00745|20.29525}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Ruki River|Webiga Ruki]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-0.343048|19.008223|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Ruki River|Webiga Ruki]] | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = Webiga Luilaka, Webiga Lokolo, Webiga Dwali | tributaries_right = Webiga Loile | waterbodies = | waterfalls = }} '''Webiga Momboyo''' ({{langx|fr|Rivière Momboyo}}) waa webi ku yaalla [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]]. Wuxuu ku biiraa [[Busira River|Webiga Busira]] si uu u sameeyo [[Ruki River|Webiga Ruki]], oo ah gacan-biyoodka [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]]. Momboyo iyo gacan-biyoodkeeda ugu weyn Luilaka ayaa la mari karaa {{convert|545|km}} meesha uu afkiisu yahay. == Goobta == Momboyo iyo gacan-biyoodkeeda ugu weyn Luilaka mararka qaarkood waxaa loo arkaa inay yihiin hal webi. Qaybta hoose ee {{convert|227|km}} waxaa loo yaqaannaa Momboyo, korna waxaa looga yaqaannaa Luilaka.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=14}} Momboyo saxda ah waxay ka samaysataa koonfur-bari ee tuulada Waka, [[Province of Équateur|Equateur]], oo ka yara gudbaysa xuduudka [[Tshuapa]], halkaas oo [[Loile River|Webiga Loile]] uu kaga biiro dhinaca midig ee Webiga Luilaka ee Bakako. Wuxuu u qulqulaa si qalloocan jihada waqooyi-galbeed ilaa uu ka gaaro isku-darka uu la leeyahay Webiga Busira.{{sfn|Relation: Momboyo (2100506)}} Wuxuu kaga biiraa Webiga Busira dhinaca bidix ee kor ka xigta [[Ingende]] si uu u sameeyo Webiga Ruki, kaas oo u qulqula {{convert|100|mi}} dhinaca galbeed-waqooyi-galbeed si uu ugu biiro Webiga Congo.{{sfn|Ruki River ... Encyclopaedia Britannica}} Waxaa jira {{convert|25000|ha}} oo dhiiqo ah oo ku yaalla Momboyo ka hor inta uusan ku biirin Busira.{{sfn|Hughes|1992|p=548}} == Marin-biyoodka == Webiga isku dhafan ee Momboyo-Luilaka ayaa la mari karaa {{convert|545|km}} laga bilaabo meesha uu afkiisu yahay ilaa [[Ikali]]. Laga soo bilaabo afkiisa ilaa Kassa, oo ah {{convert|119|km}}, webigu wuxuu u furan yahay doonyaha jiidaha ee nooca "C" ee jiidaya dooni 350 tan ah. Kor ka xigta tan, maraakiibta boostada ee "G" waxay u riixi karaan afar dooni ilaa [[Monkoto]] oo ah {{convert|407|km}} laga bilaabo afka. Sii kor, maraakiibta boostada ee "G" waxay u riixi karaan laba dooni ilaa Ikali oo ah {{convert|545|km}} laga bilaabo afka. Inta lagu jiro xilliyada biyaha hooseeya webiga waxaa laga yaabaa in la mari karo kaliya ilaa Isaka oo ah {{convert|460|km}} laga bilaabo afka, ama kaliya ilaa Monkoto.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=14}} == Joogitaanka bini'aadamka == Tuulooyinka ku teedsan webiga waxay Mbandaka siiyaan cuntooyin kala duwan, kuwa ugu muhiimsan waa buskudka cassava, galleyda iyo saliidda timirta.{{sfn|République démocratique du Congo : 50 morts}} Biyaha webiga waxaa wasakhaysay qashinka suuqyada dadwaynaha ee dhinaca webiga. Tani waxay keentaa cudurrada biyaha ka dhasha sida shubanka dadka ku nool agagaarka.{{sfn|Bosiyo Jean Clement}} Sannadkii 2008 kiisas [[monkeypox]] ah ayaa laga soo sheegay Ingende oo ku taal cagta webiga iyo Boteka, ee Momboyo. Cudurku wuxuu inta badan ku dhacaa bini'aadamka iyadoo la cunayo hilibka daanyeerka iyo dabagaallaha.{{sfn|Regine Kiala|2008}} == Shil doon oo dhacay 2018 == Bishii Maajo 2018 konton qof ayaa dhintay markii dooni matoor ah ay degtay intii lagu guda jiray safar habeenkii ah oo ay ku maraysay qaybta sare ee webiga. Qiyaastii konton ayaa la badbaadiyay. Doonidu aad bay u culaysnayd, waxayna u socotay habeenkii iyada oo aan lahayn nalka tuulada [[Monkoto]] una socotay [[Mbandaka]]. Waxay degtay {{convert|1|km}} u jirta [[Wafanya]].{{sfn|Congo : 50 morts dans un naufrage sur la rivière Momboyo}}{{efn|Monkoto iyo Wafanya, halkaas oo shilku ka dhacay, waxay ku yaallaan Webiga Lwilaka ama Luilaka, oo ah gacan-biyoodka ugu weyn ee Momboyo. Luilaka waxaa badanaa loo yaqaannaa Momboyo}} Shilka ayaa dhacay markii ''Baleinière'', oo ah dooni alwaax weyn ah, ay ku dhacday qori. Qulqulka xooggan ayaa si dhakhso ah u qaaday doonida. Shilalka noocan oo kale ah ayaa ku badan biyaha Congo sababtoo ah culayska saaran doonyaha oo xaaladdoodu liidato, oo ay weheliso la'aanta jaakadaha badbaadada iyo rakaab badan oo aan dabaalan karin.{{sfn|RDC: 50 morts dans le naufrage d’une embarcation}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist|25em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://sgp.undp.org/spacial-itemid-projects-landing-page/spacial-itemid-project-search-results/spacial-itemid-project-detailpage.html?view=projectdetail&id=16710 |author=Bosiyo Jean Clement |publisher=GEF Small Grants Programme |title=Protection de la diversité biologique des eaux de la rivière Momboyo à Ingende |language=fr |accessdate=2021-03-22 }} *{{citation |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/congo-50-morts-dans-un-naufrage-sur-la-riviere-momboyo-25-05-2018-7735152.php |accessdate=2021-03-22 |language=fr |title=Congo : 50 morts dans un naufrage sur la rivière Momboyo |work=Le Parisien |date=25 May 2018 |ref={{harvid|Congo : 50 morts dans un naufrage sur la rivière Momboyo}} }} *{{citation |last=Hughes|first=R. H.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA548 |accessdate=2021-03-21|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5}} *{{citation |title=L'exploitation des affluents du Zaïre et des ports de l'intérieur de 1960 à 1971 |language=fr |accessdate=2021-03-22 |last=Lederer |first=A. |publisher=Académi e royal e des Sciences d'Outre-Mer: Classe des Sciences Techniques, N.S., XVII-6, Bruxelles |year=1973 |url=http://www.kaowarsom.be/documents/MEMOIRES_VERHANDELINGEN/Sciences_techniques/Tec.Sc.(NS)_T.XVII,6_LEDERER,%20A._L'exploitation%20des%20affluents%20du%20Za%C3%AFre%20et%20des%20ports%20de%20l'int%C3%A9rieur%20de%201960%20%C3%A0%201971_1974.PDF}} *{{citation |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20180525-rdc-50-morts-le-naufrage-une-embarcation-le-nord-ouest |accessdate=2021-03-22 |language=fr |title=RDC: 50 morts dans le naufrage d’une embarcation dans le Nord-Ouest |work=RFI |date=25 May 2018 |ref={{harvid|RDC: 50 morts dans le naufrage d’une embarcation}} }} *{{citation |url=http://www.santetropicale.com/actus.asp?id=6823&action=lire |accessdate=2021-03-22 |language=fr |author=Regine Kiala |title=Equateur : Monkey Pox, 470 cas dont 22 décès à Mbandaka |journal=Le potentiel |location=Congo-Kinshasa |date=1 July 2008}} *{{citation |url=https://www.laprovence.com/actu/en-direct/4988792/republique-democratique-du-congo-50-morts-dans-un-naufrage.html |accessdate=2021-03-22 |language=fr |title=République démocratique du Congo : 50 morts dans un naufrage |work=La Provence |date=25 May 2018 |ref={{harvid|République démocratique du Congo : 50 morts}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ruki-River |accessdate=2021-03-21 |title=Ruki River |work=Encyclopaedia Britannica |ref={{harvid|Ruki River ... Encyclopaedia Britannica}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/2100506#map=13/-0.3612/19.0567 |accessdate=2021-03-21 |title=Relation: Momboyo (2100506) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Relation: Momboyo (2100506)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} qs55b6l05o2yzzyve5cxsrj3gjnlgyc 0 48025 299572 2026-06-26T15:11:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Makongo | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Bas-Uélé]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Bomokandi River|Webiga Bomokandi]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|3.436162|26.346555|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Uele River|Webiga Uele]] | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = }} '''Webiga Makongo''' ({{langx|fr|Rivière Makongo}}) waa webi ku yaalla Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo. Waa gacan-biyoodka bidix ee [[Webiga Bomokandi]], kaas oo isna ah gacan-biyoodka [[Webiga Uele]]. == Marin-biyoodka == Makongo wuxuu maraa gobolka [[Bas-Uélé]] isagoo u qulqula jihada waqooyi-bari ilaa uu ka gaaro isku-darka uu la leeyahay Bomokandi. Webigu wuxuu ka soo askumaa koonfurta wadada RP415. Wuxuu si qiyaas ah u qeexayaa xuduudka u dhexeeya Aagga Caafimaadka ee Ganga Dingila ee galbeedka iyo Aagga Caafimaadka ee Poko ee bari. Wuxuu maraa tuulada [[Makongo]] ee ku taal xeebtiisa bidix. Wuxuu galaa Bomokandi dhinaca waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Digili]].{{sfn|Relation: Makongo (1665163)}}{{sfn|Bas-Uélé - Carte Santaire et Base Map}} Wuxuu maraa [[Bambesa Territory|Dhulka Bambesa]].{{sfn|Territoire de Bambesa}} == Taariikh == Taariikhda afka ah ee [[Lika people|dadka Lika]] ee [[Wamba Territory|Dhulka Wamba]] waxay sheegaysaa inay ka yimaadeen [[Bambili]] (Boa). Intii lagu guda jiray socdaalkooda qaar ka mid ah ayaa ku sugnaa dhinaca Webiga Makongo ee qaybta bari ee [[Poko Territory|Dhulka Poko]], ugu yaraan {{convert|200|km}} u jirta aagga ay maanta degan yihiin.{{cn|date=January 2021}} Safaradii Congo-Niil ee [[Willem Frans Van Kerckhoven]] ayaa maray gobolka 1891. Kabtan [[Pierre Ponthier]] wuxuu ku qasbanaaday inuu dalka ka nadiifiyo Carabta. Waxay ku sugnaayeen Makongo iyo jasiiradaha ku yaalla Bomokandi. Wuxuu kaga adkaaday dagaallo xooggan, isagoo kaashanaya dadka deegaanka oo aan sii dulqaadan karin addoonsiga.{{sfn|Gambier|1947}} Dhamaadkii Oktoobar 1891 [[Ababua|madaxa Ababua]] Sikito ayaa ka adkaaday ganacsade Purukandu oo marayay jidka [[Boyoma Falls|Boyoma Falls]] ilaa Makongo. Sida uu sheegay Gustave Gustin kulanku waa inuu ka dhacay qaybta sare ee [[Bima River|Webiga Bima]] oo ku taal dhul buuralay ah.{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=151}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/COD_HLT_Bas-Uele_A0L_191216.pdf |accessdate=2020-09-13 |type=map |title=Bas-Uélé - Carte Santaire et Base Map |date=16 December 2019 |publisher=Medecins Sans Frontieres |ref={{harvid|Bas-Uélé - Carte Santaire et Base Map}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.kaowarsom.be/en/notices_kerkhoven_van_guillaume_fran%C3%A7ois |accessdate=2020-09-12 |language=fr |title=KERCKHOVEN (VAN) (Guillaume François) |last=Gambier |first=R.|date=26 November 1947 |publisher=Inst. roy. colon. belge |work=Biographie Coloniale Belge |volume=I |pages=col. 566-573}} *{{citation |url=https://www.africamuseum.be/sites/default/files/media/docs/research/publications/rmca/online/monographies-provinces/bas-uele_web.pdf |accessdate=2020-08-30 |last=Omasombo Tshonda |first=Jean |title=Bas-Uele Pouvoirs locaux et économie agricole : héritages d’un passé brouillé |language=fr |ISBN=978-9-4916-1586-3 |publisher=Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale |year=2014}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1665163#map=10/3.2111/26.4716 |accessdate=2020-09-13 |title=Relation: Makongo (1665163) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Relation: Makongo (1665163)}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.caid.cd/index.php/donnees-par-province-administrative/province-de-bas-uele/territoire-de-bambesa/?secteur=fiche |accessdate=2020-09-13 |title=Territoire de Bambesa |work=Cellule d'Analyses des Indicateurs de Développement (CAID) |ref={{harvid|Territoire de Bambesa}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} gemt8hh426eaqncclljiaring9s3b1q 0 48026 299574 2026-06-26T15:14:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Luvua | image = River crossing, Pweto, Katanga.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = Baabuur laga soo gudbinayo Webiga Luvua meel u dhow [[Pweto]], [[Katanga Province|Katanga]], DRC | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = [[Lake Mweru|Harada Mweru]] ([[Pweto]]) | mouth_location = [[Lualaba River|Webiga Lualaba]] ([[Ankoro]]) | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | location = | length_km = 350 | source1_elevation = {{convert|931|m|ft}} | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|600|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | basin_size_km2 = 265300 | river_system = [[Congo Basin|Congo]] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Webiga Luvua''' (ama ''Webiga Lowa'') ({{langx|sw|Mto Luvua}}) waa [[webi]] ku yaalla [[Gobolka Katanga]] ee [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] (DRC). Wuxuu ka qulqulaa dhinaca waqooyi ee [[Harada Mweru]] oo ku taal xuduudka [[Zambia]] iyo Congo jihada waqooyi-galbeed masaafad dhan {{convert|350|km|mi}} ilaa isgoyskiisa uu la leeyahay [[Lualaba River|Webiga Lualaba]] oo ka soo horjeeda magaalada [[Ankoro]]. Lualaba wuxuu noqdaa [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]] meel ka hoosaysa [[Boyoma Falls|Boyoma Falls]]. == Marin-biyoodka == Harada Mweru, oo jooggeedu yahay qiyaastii {{convert|1000|m|ft}}, waa [[floodplain lake|harada daadadku]] oo ay samaysay hab geeddi-socod nabaad-guur ah oo dabayshu ay qaadday wax kasta oo carrada webiyada ah.{{sfn|Thieme|2005|p=185}} Webiga Luvua wuxuu ka tagaa dhinaca waqooyi ee harada ee [[Pweto]] gudaha DRC.{{sfn|Hughes|Hughes|1992|p=771}} Webigu wuxuu qulqulaa qiyaastii {{convert|350|km|mi}} dhinaca waqooyi-galbeed ilaa Ankoro, halkaas oo uu kula kulmo Lualaba.{{sfn|Kisangani|Bobb|2010|p=326}} Marin-biyoodka dhexe ee webiga waxaa is hortaagay taxane biyo-dhacyo iyo hirar waaweyn oo degdeg ah marka uu ka soo dhacayo bannaanka ilaa Dooxada Congo.{{sfn|Daniel|2011}} Meesha [[Piana Mwanga]] biyo-dhacyada waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu dhaliyo koronto loogu talagalay macdanaha Manono iyo Kitotolo. Webiga waxaa lagu mari karaa doonyaha biyaha yar ee loo adeegsado {{convert|160|km|mi}} qaybta hoose ee hoosaysa [[Kiambi]].{{sfn|Kisangani|Bobb|2010|p=326}} Luvua wuxuu leeyahay qulqul-dheerkiisa ugu sarreeya inta u dhaxaysa Maarso iyo Maajo, iyadoo qulqul-dheerku uu aad u hooseeyo inta u dhaxaysa Sebtembar iyo Noofembar.{{sfn|Gupta|2008|p=303}} == Dooxada-biyoodka == [[File:Luvua - Luapula - Chambeshi River DRC.svg|thumb|300px|Webiga Luvua waa webiga ugu waqooyi ee ku yaalla guduud.]] Dooxada Webiga Congo waxay leedahay qaabka saxan weyn oo gacmeed ah. Luvua wuxuu ka soo dhex gooyaa cirifka koonfur-bari ee saxankaan, isagoo biyaha ka keenaya dooxada biyoodka Mweru-Bangweulu.{{sfn|Davies|Walker|1986|p=201}} Luvua wuxuu qulquliyaa bed dhan in ka badan {{convert|218000|km2|sqmi}}, taas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay mar ahaayeen qayb ka mid ah dooxada biyoodka Zambezi.{{sfn|Davies|Walker|1986|p=206}} Waxaa jira caddayn xooggan oo faunal ah oo ah in dooxada Luvua ay mar ahaan jirtay qayb ka mid ah nidaamka Zambezi, iyadoo noocyo badan oo kalluun ah oo caadi ka ah nidaamka Zambezi ay sidoo kale laga helo Luvua.{{sfn|Davies|Walker|1986|p=221}} Faunada Congo waxay kor u gashay Luvua ilaa Harada Mweru, laakiin waxaa ka hor istaagay [[Mambatuta Falls|Mambatuta Falls]] inay galaan Harada Bangweulu. Kala-guurku wuxuu dhacay horaantii [[Tertiary period|xilliga Tertiary]].{{sfn|Thieme|2005|p=186}} == Aragtida Isha Congo == Juqraafiyeyaasha qaar ayaa tixgeliya in Luvua uu yahay qayb ka mid ah [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]]. Waxay asalka Congo dhigaan dhulka sare ee u dhexeeya Tanzania iyo Zambia, halkaas oo [[Chambeshi River|Webiga Chambeshi]] uu ka soo askumo, isagoo u qulqulaya koonfur-galbeed ilaa [[Lake Bangweulu|Harada Bangweulu]]. Laga soo bilaabo haradaas [[Luapula River|Webiga Luapula]] ayaa ka soo baxa oo u qulqula waqooyi masaafad dhan {{convert|500|km|mi}} ilaa Harada Mweru. Webiga Luvua ayaa ka baxa harada Mweru wuxuuna u qulqulaa waqooyi-galbeed si uu ugu biiro [[Lualaba River|Webiga Lualaba]], kaas oo noqda Webiga Congo meel ka hoosaysa.{{sfn|Wohl|2010|pp=248-250}} Dadka qaar ayaa yiraahda Congo waxay ka bilaabataa halka Lualaba iyo Luvua ay ku kulmaan.{{sfn|Day|Garratt|2006|p=61}} Doodda ku saabsan in Lualaba loo tixgeliyo isha ugu weyn, in kasta oo ay aad u gaaban tahay, ayaa ah inay leedahay laba jeer mugga biyaha marka ay ku kulmaan Luvua.{{sfn|Wohl|2010|pp=248-250}} == Taariikh == Dooxada sare ee Luvua waxay ahayd hoyga [[Bwile people|dadka Bwile]]. Mar ka dambeysay 1810 Kumwimbe Ngombe, oo ahaa taliyaha [[Luba Kingdom|Boqortooyada Luba]], ayaa qabsaday gobolka.{{sfn|Macola|2002|p=108}} Miseeriga iyo sahamiyaha reer Yurub [[David Livingstone]] ayaa "daah-furay" Harada Mweru sannadkii 1867, wuxuuna sameeyay aragtida ah in Luvua uu u qulqulo Niilka Sare. Waxay ahayd oo kaliya dhimashadii Livingstone ka dib markii [[Henry Morton Stanley]] uu ku jiray [[Henry Morton Stanley's first trans-Africa exploration|safaradiisii 1874-1877]] uu muujiyay in webigu uu dhab ahaantii ahaa gacan-biyoodka Congo.{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1948|p=92}} Isagoo ka bilaabaya 1891, [[Swahili people|Swahili]] la odhan jiray Shimba ayaa bilaabay taxane safaro addoonsi ah oo baabi'iyay inta badan xeebta galbeed ee Harada Mweru. Shimba wuxuu ku biiray ciidamada Swahili kale oo la odhan jiray Kafindo oo ku sugnaa qaybta sare ee Luvua wuxuuna weeraray taliyihii maxalliga ahaa ee Yeke. Weeraradan ayaa sii socday ilaa uu yimid Belgian Braseur oo uu bilaabay inuu "nabaddeeyo" gobolka, kaas oo awoodaha Yurub ay ku heshiiyeen inuu ka tirsan yahay Belgium.{{sfn|Macola|2002|pp=169ff}} Sannadkii 2000, intii lagu guda jiray [[Second Congo War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Congo]], ciidamada dawladdu waxay ku dhaceen guuldarro weyn oo ay ka soo gaartay ciidamada [[Rwanda|Rwanda]] ee Pweto, halkaas oo ay isha webigu ka soo askunto. Ciidamada DRC ayaa inta badan baabuurtooda gaashaaman ka soo gudbiyay webiga. Waxaa jiray hal dooni, mana aysan haysan wakhti ku filan oo ay ku daadgureeyaan baabuurta ka hor inta aysan Rwandans-ku iman. Askartu waxay ku rareen taangiga T-62 si qaldan, doonidii ayaana rogmatay oo degtay. Rwandans-ku waxay heleen 33 taangi, iyo sidoo kale baabuur kale, kuwaas oo ciidamada DRC ay isku dayeen inay gubaan.{{sfn|Stearns|2011|pp=250-251}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist |colwidth=20em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/boma/Crossing_Africa_by_Motorboat |title=Crossing Africa by Motorboat |first=Roger |last=Daniel |year=2011 |access-date=2011-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009081615/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/boma/Crossing_Africa_by_Motorboat |archive-date=2008-10-09 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zDjMyk4oDBkC&pg=PA201 |title=The Ecology of river systems |first1=Bryan Robert |last1=Davies |first2=Keith F. |last2=Walker |publisher=Springer |year=1986 |isbn=90-6193-540-7}} *{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IUwrHulGQmYC&pg=PA61 |chapter=Congo (Zaire) River |title=Lakes and rivers |first1=Trevor |last1=Day |first2=Richard |last2=Garratt |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2006 |isbn=0-8160-5328-6}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hx8OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA92 |title=Africa: a social, economic and political geography of its major regions |first=Walter |last=Fitzgerald |publisher=Methuen |year=1948}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bx7uuYmAkaMC&pg=PA303 |title=Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management |first=Avijit |last=Gupta |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-470-72371-5}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA771 |title=A directory of African wetlands |first1=R. H. |last1=Hughes |first2=J. S. |last2=Hughes |publisher=IUCN |year=1992 |isbn=2-88032-949-3}} *{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FvAWPTaRvFYC&pg=PA326 |chapter=Luvua River |title=Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo |first1=Emizet F. |last1=Kisangani |first2=F. Scott |last2=Bobb |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8108-5761-2}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ta65FvaCA9kC&pg=PA108 |title=The kingdom of Kazembe: history and politics in North-Eastern Zambia and Katanga to 1950 |first=Giacomo |last=Macola |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |year=2002 |isbn=3-8258-5997-5}} *{{cite book |title=Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: The Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa |title-link=Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: The Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa |first=Jason |last=Stearns |publisher=PublicAffairs |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-58648-929-8}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nkL9NqqlscC&pg=PA185 |title=Freshwater ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: a conservation assessment |first=Michele L. |last=Thieme |publisher=Island Press |year=2005 |isbn=1-55963-365-4}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ji1cApN3NogC&pg=PA248 |title=A World of Rivers: Environmental Change on Ten of the World's Great Rivers |first=Ellen |last=Wohl |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-226-90478-8}} {{refend}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://www.maritime-executive.com/editorials/a-trans-africa-inland-waterway-system A Trans-Africa Inland Waterway System?] * [https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Waterways+Assessment Nidaamka Qiimaynta Marin-biyoodka Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo] {{coord|6|45|41|S|26|57|26|E|region:CD_type:waterbody_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} [[Category:Webiyada Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]] ppfdwrq5400ybskq3ixzu7lmf9fxgil 299575 299574 2026-06-26T15:15:03Z Isma4l 41797 299575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Luvua | image = River crossing, Pweto, Katanga.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = Baabuur laga soo gudbinayo Webiga Luvua meel u dhow [[Pweto]], [[Katanga Province|Katanga]], DRC | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = [[Lake Mweru|Harada Mweru]] ([[Pweto]]) | mouth_location = [[Lualaba River|Webiga Lualaba]] ([[Ankoro]]) | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | location = | length_km = 350 | source1_elevation = {{convert|931|m|ft}} | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|600|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | basin_size_km2 = 265300 | river_system = [[Congo Basin|Congo]] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Webiga Luvua''' (ama ''Webiga Lowa'') ({{langx|sw|Mto Luvua}}) waa [[webi]] ku yaalla [[Gobolka Katanga]] ee [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] (DRC). Wuxuu ka qulqulaa dhinaca waqooyi ee [[Harada Mweru]] oo ku taal xuduudka [[Zambia]] iyo Congo jihada waqooyi-galbeed masaafad dhan {{convert|350|km|mi}} ilaa isgoyskiisa uu la leeyahay [[Lualaba River|Webiga Lualaba]] oo ka soo horjeeda magaalada [[Ankoro]]. Lualaba wuxuu noqdaa [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]] meel ka hoosaysa [[Boyoma Falls|Boyoma Falls]]. == Marin-biyoodka == Harada Mweru, oo jooggeedu yahay qiyaastii {{convert|1000|m|ft}}, waa [[floodplain lake|harada daadadku]] oo ay samaysay hab geeddi-socod nabaad-guur ah oo dabayshu ay qaadday wax kasta oo carrada webiyada ah.{{sfn|Thieme|2005|p=185}} Webiga Luvua wuxuu ka tagaa dhinaca waqooyi ee harada ee [[Pweto]] gudaha DRC.{{sfn|Hughes|Hughes|1992|p=771}} Webigu wuxuu qulqulaa qiyaastii {{convert|350|km|mi}} dhinaca waqooyi-galbeed ilaa Ankoro, halkaas oo uu kula kulmo Lualaba.{{sfn|Kisangani|Bobb|2010|p=326}} Marin-biyoodka dhexe ee webiga waxaa is hortaagay taxane biyo-dhacyo iyo hirar waaweyn oo degdeg ah marka uu ka soo dhacayo bannaanka ilaa Dooxada Congo.{{sfn|Daniel|2011}} Meesha [[Piana Mwanga]] biyo-dhacyada waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu dhaliyo koronto loogu talagalay macdanaha Manono iyo Kitotolo. Webiga waxaa lagu mari karaa doonyaha biyaha yar ee loo adeegsado {{convert|160|km|mi}} qaybta hoose ee hoosaysa [[Kiambi]].{{sfn|Kisangani|Bobb|2010|p=326}} Luvua wuxuu leeyahay qulqul-dheerkiisa ugu sarreeya inta u dhaxaysa Maarso iyo Maajo, iyadoo qulqul-dheerku uu aad u hooseeyo inta u dhaxaysa Sebtembar iyo Noofembar.{{sfn|Gupta|2008|p=303}} == Dooxada-biyoodka == [[File:Luvua - Luapula - Chambeshi River DRC.svg|thumb|300px|Webiga Luvua waa webiga ugu waqooyi ee ku yaalla guduud.]] Dooxada Webiga Congo waxay leedahay qaabka saxan weyn oo gacmeed ah. Luvua wuxuu ka soo dhex gooyaa cirifka koonfur-bari ee saxankaan, isagoo biyaha ka keenaya dooxada biyoodka Mweru-Bangweulu.{{sfn|Davies|Walker|1986|p=201}} Luvua wuxuu qulquliyaa bed dhan in ka badan {{convert|218000|km2|sqmi}}, taas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay mar ahaayeen qayb ka mid ah dooxada biyoodka Zambezi.{{sfn|Davies|Walker|1986|p=206}} Waxaa jira caddayn xooggan oo faunal ah oo ah in dooxada Luvua ay mar ahaan jirtay qayb ka mid ah nidaamka Zambezi, iyadoo noocyo badan oo kalluun ah oo caadi ka ah nidaamka Zambezi ay sidoo kale laga helo Luvua.{{sfn|Davies|Walker|1986|p=221}} Faunada Congo waxay kor u gashay Luvua ilaa Harada Mweru, laakiin waxaa ka hor istaagay [[Mambatuta Falls|Mambatuta Falls]] inay galaan Harada Bangweulu. Kala-guurku wuxuu dhacay horaantii [[Tertiary period|xilliga Tertiary]].{{sfn|Thieme|2005|p=186}} == Aragtida Isha Kongo == Juqraafiyeyaasha qaar ayaa tixgeliya in Luvua uu yahay qayb ka mid ah [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]]. Waxay asalka Congo dhigaan dhulka sare ee u dhexeeya Tanzania iyo Zambia, halkaas oo [[Chambeshi River|Webiga Chambeshi]] uu ka soo askumo, isagoo u qulqulaya koonfur-galbeed ilaa [[Lake Bangweulu|Harada Bangweulu]]. Laga soo bilaabo haradaas [[Luapula River|Webiga Luapula]] ayaa ka soo baxa oo u qulqula waqooyi masaafad dhan {{convert|500|km|mi}} ilaa Harada Mweru. Webiga Luvua ayaa ka baxa harada Mweru wuxuuna u qulqulaa waqooyi-galbeed si uu ugu biiro [[Lualaba River|Webiga Lualaba]], kaas oo noqda Webiga Congo meel ka hoosaysa.{{sfn|Wohl|2010|pp=248-250}} Dadka qaar ayaa yiraahda Congo waxay ka bilaabataa halka Lualaba iyo Luvua ay ku kulmaan.{{sfn|Day|Garratt|2006|p=61}} Doodda ku saabsan in Lualaba loo tixgeliyo isha ugu weyn, in kasta oo ay aad u gaaban tahay, ayaa ah inay leedahay laba jeer mugga biyaha marka ay ku kulmaan Luvua.{{sfn|Wohl|2010|pp=248-250}} == Taariikh == Dooxada sare ee Luvua waxay ahayd hoyga [[Bwile people|dadka Bwile]]. Mar ka dambeysay 1810 Kumwimbe Ngombe, oo ahaa taliyaha [[Luba Kingdom|Boqortooyada Luba]], ayaa qabsaday gobolka.{{sfn|Macola|2002|p=108}} Miseeriga iyo sahamiyaha reer Yurub [[David Livingstone]] ayaa "daah-furay" Harada Mweru sannadkii 1867, wuxuuna sameeyay aragtida ah in Luvua uu u qulqulo Niilka Sare. Waxay ahayd oo kaliya dhimashadii Livingstone ka dib markii [[Henry Morton Stanley]] uu ku jiray [[Henry Morton Stanley's first trans-Africa exploration|safaradiisii 1874-1877]] uu muujiyay in webigu uu dhab ahaantii ahaa gacan-biyoodka Congo.{{sfn|Fitzgerald|1948|p=92}} Isagoo ka bilaabaya 1891, [[Swahili people|Swahili]] la odhan jiray Shimba ayaa bilaabay taxane safaro addoonsi ah oo baabi'iyay inta badan xeebta galbeed ee Harada Mweru. Shimba wuxuu ku biiray ciidamada Swahili kale oo la odhan jiray Kafindo oo ku sugnaa qaybta sare ee Luvua wuxuuna weeraray taliyihii maxalliga ahaa ee Yeke. Weeraradan ayaa sii socday ilaa uu yimid Belgian Braseur oo uu bilaabay inuu "nabaddeeyo" gobolka, kaas oo awoodaha Yurub ay ku heshiiyeen inuu ka tirsan yahay Belgium.{{sfn|Macola|2002|pp=169ff}} Sannadkii 2000, intii lagu guda jiray [[Second Congo War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Congo]], ciidamada dawladdu waxay ku dhaceen guuldarro weyn oo ay ka soo gaartay ciidamada [[Rwanda|Rwanda]] ee Pweto, halkaas oo ay isha webigu ka soo askunto. Ciidamada DRC ayaa inta badan baabuurtooda gaashaaman ka soo gudbiyay webiga. Waxaa jiray hal dooni, mana aysan haysan wakhti ku filan oo ay ku daadgureeyaan baabuurta ka hor inta aysan Rwandans-ku iman. Askartu waxay ku rareen taangiga T-62 si qaldan, doonidii ayaana rogmatay oo degtay. Rwandans-ku waxay heleen 33 taangi, iyo sidoo kale baabuur kale, kuwaas oo ciidamada DRC ay isku dayeen inay gubaan.{{sfn|Stearns|2011|pp=250-251}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist |colwidth=20em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/boma/Crossing_Africa_by_Motorboat |title=Crossing Africa by Motorboat |first=Roger |last=Daniel |year=2011 |access-date=2011-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009081615/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/boma/Crossing_Africa_by_Motorboat |archive-date=2008-10-09 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zDjMyk4oDBkC&pg=PA201 |title=The Ecology of river systems |first1=Bryan Robert |last1=Davies |first2=Keith F. |last2=Walker |publisher=Springer |year=1986 |isbn=90-6193-540-7}} *{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IUwrHulGQmYC&pg=PA61 |chapter=Congo (Zaire) River |title=Lakes and rivers |first1=Trevor |last1=Day |first2=Richard |last2=Garratt |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2006 |isbn=0-8160-5328-6}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hx8OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA92 |title=Africa: a social, economic and political geography of its major regions |first=Walter |last=Fitzgerald |publisher=Methuen |year=1948}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bx7uuYmAkaMC&pg=PA303 |title=Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management |first=Avijit |last=Gupta |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-470-72371-5}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA771 |title=A directory of African wetlands |first1=R. H. |last1=Hughes |first2=J. S. |last2=Hughes |publisher=IUCN |year=1992 |isbn=2-88032-949-3}} *{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FvAWPTaRvFYC&pg=PA326 |chapter=Luvua River |title=Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo |first1=Emizet F. |last1=Kisangani |first2=F. Scott |last2=Bobb |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8108-5761-2}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ta65FvaCA9kC&pg=PA108 |title=The kingdom of Kazembe: history and politics in North-Eastern Zambia and Katanga to 1950 |first=Giacomo |last=Macola |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |year=2002 |isbn=3-8258-5997-5}} *{{cite book |title=Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: The Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa |title-link=Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: The Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa |first=Jason |last=Stearns |publisher=PublicAffairs |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-58648-929-8}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nkL9NqqlscC&pg=PA185 |title=Freshwater ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: a conservation assessment |first=Michele L. |last=Thieme |publisher=Island Press |year=2005 |isbn=1-55963-365-4}} *{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ji1cApN3NogC&pg=PA248 |title=A World of Rivers: Environmental Change on Ten of the World's Great Rivers |first=Ellen |last=Wohl |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-226-90478-8}} {{refend}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://www.maritime-executive.com/editorials/a-trans-africa-inland-waterway-system A Trans-Africa Inland Waterway System?] * [https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo+Waterways+Assessment Nidaamka Qiimaynta Marin-biyoodka Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo] {{coord|6|45|41|S|26|57|26|E|region:CD_type:waterbody_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} [[Category:Webiyada Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]] qwmb70rxbguuq1qjhs7y21vfeeo0hje 0 48027 299577 2026-06-26T15:18:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Lufuko | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-6.734295|29.530649|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Tanganyika]] | etymology = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = {{convert|773|m|ft|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = [[Ruzizi River|Webiga Ruzizi]] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = }} '''Webiga Lufuko''' (ama Lufuku) waa webi ku yaalla [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] oo ku shuba [[Lake Tanganyika|Harada Tanganyika]] agteeda tuulada [[Mpala]] ee [[Tanganyika Province|Gobolka Tanganyika]] (oo hore u ahaan jiray [[Katanga Province|Gobolka Katanga]]). == Juqraafi == Lufuko waxay qulqulisaa qayb ka mid ah [[Marungu highlands|buuralayda Marungu]]. Waxaa jiray soo jeedinno ku saabsan in la ilaaliyo kaymaha ka sarreeya {{convert|1500|m}} ee xuduudka la leh [[Mulobozi River|Webiga Mulobozi]] iyo Webiga Lufuko oo loo beddelo aagag [[nature preserve|kaydka dabiiciga ah]]. {{sfn|Marungu highlands: Birdlife Int.}} [[Theo Kassner]] ayaa u safray gobolka 1909. Wuxuu gaaray dooxada Tanganyika ee Mount Giambe. Wuxuu qoray: {{blockquote|Xero ayaa laga sameeyay Dooxada Lufuko ee weyn ee salka buurta. Webiga Lufuko waa qiyaastii 100 cagood oo ballac ah wuxuuna ku dhex maraa dooxooyin qallafsan oo waqooyi u sii jeeda ilaa Harada Tanganyika. Waxaan doortay inaan raaco dooxadan si aan u gaaro badda gudaha ee weyn. Ka dib lix mayl oo socod ah iyo joog dhan 4700 cagood waxaan galnay koox tuulooyin ah oo si cufan dad u degan yihiin, ugu dambayntiina waxaan gaarnay webiga, oo leh xeebo fidsan, bacaad leh oo lagu daboolay qasab bamboo ah. Waa inaan ka gudubnaa webiga, dhinaca kalena tuullooyin badan oo dherer iyo qaab kala duwan leh ayaa safan dooxada. Annagoo raacayna webiga, waddadeenu waxay hoos u sii martay dhererkan, anagoo dhaafnay tuulooyin iyo qaybo ka mid ah dhul beeraysan, dhagaxyo waaweyn, dhul-badeed, iyo durdurro badan, mar walba si tartiib ah ugu degaya waqooyiga. Dooxada waxaa xuduud u leh midig iyo bidix silsilado buuro ah oo qallafsan oo soo baxaya, kuwaas oo si khatar ah uga soo horjeeda cirifka.{{sfn|Kassner|1911|p=86}} }} == Kalluunka == Nooc ka mid ah kalluunka catfish oo deegaanka loogu yeero ''ndjagali'' ayaa isticmaala webiga si ay u dhalaan inta u dhaxaysa Sebtembar iyo Noofembar.{{sfn|Bailey|Stewart|1984|p=7}} Kalluunka waxaa dadka gobolka u arka cunto aad u macaan. Waqtiyadii hore waxaa lahaanjiray oo la qabsan jiray si wadajir ah, waxaana lala ganacsan jiray bulshooyinka kale ee loogu beddelan jiray milix ama bir. Dadku waxay u haysteen in ruuxa dhulka, ''Kaomba'', uu sababay inay tarmaan.{{sfn|Roberts|1984|p=49}} Kalluunka catfish wuxuu ahaa il weyn oo cunto ah oo loogu talagalay dadka tuulada, laakiin kalluumaysi xad-dhaaf ah oo dhacay dhammaadkii qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad ayaa si weyn u dhimay tiradooda. Bartamihii 1970-yadii dadka deegaanka ayaa weli qabsan jiray kalluunka weelal ilaa xilliga roobabku ka bilaabmayo, markaas oo weelashii la burburiyay oo kalluunkuna uu u gudbi karay goobo taranka oo kor u sii maraya webiga.{{sfn|Bailey|Stewart|1984|p=7}} Kabtan [[Émile Storms]] ayaa aasaasay saldhig la odhan jiray "Mpala" afka Webiga Lufuko bishii Maajo 1883.{{sfn|Royal Geographical Society|1884|p=88}} Saldhigga waxaa laga dhisay tuulada Lubanda, waxaana loogu magac daray taliyihii maxalliga ahaa.{{sfn|Roberts|2012|p=9}} Markii dadka howlgalka ah ay la wareegeen boostada 1885 waxay aqoonsadeen caqiidooyinka ku saabsan ''Kaomba'' waxayna aqoonsadeen qaybaha xurmada leh ee webiga. Sanado badan waxay xakameyn jireen gelitaanka webiga, iyagoo u isticmaalaya cuntadooda ama si ay u abaalmariyaan kuwa daacadda u ahaa. Iyada oo horumarka tignoolajiyada ee bilowgii qarnigii labaatanaad ay suurtogal noqotay in laga kalluumaysto harada meel ka fog xeebaha, kalluumaysiguna wuxuu noqday shaqo qofeed.{{sfn|Roberts|1984|p=49}} == Tixraacyo == '''Xigasho''' {{reflist|colwidth=24em}} '''Isha''' {{refbegin|24em}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.esf.edu/efb/faculty/documents/22.BaileyStewart1984TangBagrids.pdf |last1=Bailey|first1=Reeve M.|last2=Stewart|first2=Donald J. |location=Ann Arbor |publisher=MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN |date=6 September 1984 |title=Bagrid Catfishes from Lake Tanganyika, with a Key and Descriptions of New Taxa|access-date=2013-04-10}} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Marungu highlands: Birdlife Int.}} |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6072 |publisher=BirdLife International |year=2013 |title=Marungu highlands |access-date=10 July 2016}} *{{cite book |location=London |last=Kassner|first=Theo|year=1911|publisher=Hutchinson & Co. |title=My journey from Rhodesia to Egypt|url=https://archive.org/details/myjourneyfromrho00kassiala|page=[https://archive.org/details/myjourneyfromrho00kassiala/page/86 86]}} *{{cite journal |last=Roberts|first= Allen F.|year=1984 |title='Fishers of Men': religion and political economy among colonized Tabwa |journal=Africa |volume=54 |issue = 2|pages = 49–70|doi=10.2307/1159910 |jstor = 1159910}} *{{cite book|last=Roberts|first=Allen F.|title=A Dance of Assassins: Performing Early Colonial Hegemony in the Congo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39EsokKdyTgC&pg=PA1|access-date=2013-04-09 |date=2012-12-20|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-00743-8|page=1}} *{{cite book|author=Royal Geographical Society|title=Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and monthly record of geography |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3i4RAQAAIAAJ|access-date=2013-04-09 |year=1884|publisher=Edward Stanford|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3i4RAQAAIAAJ/page/n97 88]}} {{refend}} 832a7mshi1daezkn454nsf30x1gojta 0 48028 299578 2026-06-26T15:20:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Fwa<br/>{{langx|fr|Rivière Fwa}} | native_name = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = 1974 - Lac FWA - Congo (32195465804).jpg | image_caption = Doonida lagu kaxaysto Harada Fwa ee Webiga Fwa | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = #Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Halkuu Webiga Fwa kaga biro Webiga Lubi | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Lubi River|Webiga Lubi]] | mouth_location = [[Kasaï-Oriental]] iyo [[Kasaï-Central]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5.71108|S|23.41759|E}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Fwa''' (Af-Faransiis: ''Rivière Fwa'') waa [[webi]] ku yaalla [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]] oo ku yaalla bartamaha [[Africa|Afrika]], kaas oo mara [[Kasai-Oriental|gobolka Kasai-Oriental]]. Webigu waa [[tributary|gacan-biyoodka]] [[Lubi River|Webiga Lubi]], kaas oo ah gacan-biyoodka [[Sankuru River|Webiga Sankuru]], oo ku yaalla koonfur-bari ee dooxada biyaha ee [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]]. == Fauna == Webigu wuxuu si gaar ah caan ugu yahay bulshadiisa kala duwan ee [[kalluunka]]. Bulshadan waxaa ka mid ah shan nooc oo cichlid ah oo u gaar ah aaggan: ''[[Cyclopharynx]] fwae'', ''C. schwetzi'', ''[[Schwetzochromis neodon]]'', ''[[Thoracochromis brauschi]]'' iyo ''[[Thoracochromis callichromus|T. callichromus]]''. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} * FishBase (2006) Eds. Froese, R. iyo D. Pauly. World Wide Web electronic publication. [http://www.fishbase.org fishbase.org] nooca (07/2006). nop356lnby49ubtub870n7wfy3j0r34 299579 299578 2026-06-26T15:21:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Fwa<br/>{{langx|fr|Rivière Fwa}} | native_name = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = 1974 - Lac FWA - Congo (32195465804).jpg | image_caption = Doonida lagu kaxaysto Harada Fwa ee Webiga Fwa | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = #Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Halkuu Webiga Fwa kaga biro Webiga Lubi | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Lubi River|Webiga Lubi]] | mouth_location = [[Kasaï-Oriental]] iyo [[Kasaï-Central]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5.71108|S|23.41759|E}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Fwa''' (Af-Faransiis: ''Rivière Fwa'') waa [[webi]] ku yaalla [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] oo ku yaalla bartamaha [[Afrika]], kaas oo mara [[gobolka Kasai-Oriental]]. Webigu waa [[gacan-biyoodka]] [[Webiga Lubi]], kaas oo ah gacan-biyoodka [[Webiga Sankuru]], oo ku yaalla koonfur-bari ee dooxada biyaha ee [[Webiga Congo]]. == Fauna == Webigu wuxuu si gaar ah caan ugu yahay bulshadiisa kala duwan ee [[kalluunka]]. Bulshadan waxaa ka mid ah shan nooc oo cichlid ah oo u gaar ah aaggan: ''[[Cyclopharynx]] fwae'', ''C. schwetzi'', ''[[Schwetzochromis neodon]]'', ''[[Thoracochromis brauschi]]'' iyo ''[[Thoracochromis callichromus|T. callichromus]]''. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} * FishBase (2006) Eds. Froese, R. iyo D. Pauly. World Wide Web electronic publication. [http://www.fishbase.org fishbase.org] nooca (07/2006). dtwo9ykipwd1rw090no0xkoihh22zlz 0 48029 299580 2026-06-26T15:23:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Duru | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Haut-Uélé]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|4.3398|29.2260}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Uele River|Webiga Uele]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|3.7497 | 28.04533|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Duru''' waa webi ku yaalla gobolka [[Haut-Uélé]] ee [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]]. Waa gacan-biyoodka midig ee [[Uele River|Webiga Uele]]. == Marin-biyoodka == Webigu wuxuu ka soo askumaa xuduudka [[Suudaanta Koonfureed]] (Qaybta Congo-Niil) ee Réserve de chasse d'Azande wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed si uu u galo Uele kor ka xigta [[Niangara]]. Tuulada Duru waxay ku taal dhinaca webiga xuduudka Réserve de chasse d'Azande ee {{coord|4.2450|28.7525}}. Wuxuu ku yaallaa waddada ka timaada [[Dungu, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Dungu]] xagga waqooyi ilaa [[Yambio]] ee Suudaanta Koonfureed.{{sfn|Node: Duru (1157841700)}} == Dadka asaliga ah == Avaduru, oo ah koox [[Bakango]] ah, waxaa laga yaabaa inay magacooda ka soo qaateen Webiga Duru.{{sfn|Costermans|1953|p=47}} Amiengba iyo Abogoru waxay ku noolaayeen Duru ama gacan-biyoodkiisa.{{sfn|Costermans|1953|p=22}} S. H. F. Capenny wuxuu qoray in [[Abangba]] laga helay dooxada Duru.{{sfn|Costermans|1953|p=23}} Duga-Botungba waxay ku noolaayeen Ukwa ({{coord|4.2480| 29.2145}}) ee Duru sannadkii 1953.{{sfn|Costermans|1953|p=50}} == Joogitaanka gumeysiga == [[Georg August Schweinfurth]] (1836–1925) wuxuu xeroday 18 Abriil 1870 xeebta midig ee Uele, kaas oo uu ugu yeeray "Kibali", meel la yiraahdo "Kassanga". Léon Lotar (1877–1943) wuxuu tan ku aqoonsaday biyo-dhacyada ku hareeraysan afka Duru.{{sfn|Costermans|1953|p=21}} == Lord's Resistance Army == Patrol wadajir ah oo ka tirsan askarta [[Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]] (FARDC) ee [[United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo|Hadafka Qaramada Midoobay ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]] (MONUC) ayaa loo diray Duru 6 Febraayo 2010. Dad rayid ah oo ku hubaysan mindiyo (machetes) ayaa xiray waddadii [[Bitima]] ilaa Duru iyagoo adeegsanaya jirrid geedo ah oo dhagax ku tuuray patrol-ka, laakiin xaaladda si dhakhso ah ayaa loo dejiyay. 10 Febraayo 2010 askarta FARDC waxay weerareen xero [[Lord's Resistance Army|Lord's Resistance Army]] (LRA) oo u dhow afka Webiga Duru waxayna sii daayeen lix carruur ah.{{sfn|Conference De Presse Monuc}} Iyada oo qayb ka ah hawlgalka wadajirka ah ee "Welcome to Peace" ee FARDC iyo MONUSCO, 12 Abriil 2012 boostada hawlgalka ee Ciidanka MONUSCO ee tuulada Duru waxay fulisay patrol-yo degdeg ah oo ka dhacay aagagga webiga ee Webiga Duru si loo habeeyo isdhiibida ikhtiyaariga ah ee xubnaha Lord's Resistance Army kuwaas oo sheegay inay is dhiibi doonaan.{{sfn|Conférence de presse des Nations Unies}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://monusco.unmissions.org/conference-de-presse-des-nations-unies-du-mercredi-18-avril-2012 |accessdate=2021-10-19 |language=fr |title=Conférence de presse des Nations Unies du mercredi 18 avril 2012 |date=22 April 2012 |publisher=MONUSCO |ref={{harvid|Conférence de presse des Nations Unies}} }} *{{citation |language=fr |title=Mosaïque Bangba - Notes pour servir à l’étude des Peuplades de l’Uele |last=Costermans |first=B. J. |publisher=Institut Royal Colonial Belge |location=Brussels |year=1953 |url=http://www.kaowarsom.be/documents/MEMOIRES_VERHANDELINGEN/Sciences_morales_politique/Hum.Sc.(IRCB)_T.XXVIII,3_COSTERMANS%20B.%20J._Mosaique%20Bangba_1953.pdf}} *{{citation |url=https://monuc.unmissions.org/conference-de-presse-monuc-mercredi-17-fevrier-2010 |accessdate=2021-10-19 |language=fr |title=Conference De Presse Monuc Mercredi 17 Fevrier 2010 |publisher=MONUC |ref={{harvid|Conference De Presse Monuc}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/1157841700#map=9/4.1547/28.7759 |accessdate=2021-10-19 |title=Node: Duru (1157841700) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Node: Duru (1157841700)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Duru River}} 0lsm48x4zsbmzo6m2ddf2b97ze3xbn8 299581 299580 2026-06-26T15:24:31Z Isma4l 41797 299581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Duru | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Haut-Uélé]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|4.3398|29.2260}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Uele River|Webiga Uele]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|3.7497 | 28.04533|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Duru''' waa webi ku yaalla gobolka [[Haut-Uélé]] ee [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]]. Waa gacan-biyoodka midig ee [[Uele River|Webiga Uele]]. == Marin-biyoodka == Webigu wuxuu ka soo askumaa xuduudka [[Suudaanta Koonfureed]] (Qaybta Congo-Niil) ee Réserve de chasse d'Azande wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed si uu u galo Uele kor ka xigta [[Niangara]]. Tuulada Duru waxay ku taal dhinaca webiga xuduudka Réserve de chasse d'Azande ee {{coord|4.2450|28.7525}}. Wuxuu ku yaallaa waddada ka timaada [[Dungu, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Dungu]] xagga waqooyi ilaa [[Yambio]] ee Suudaanta Koonfureed.{{sfn|Node: Duru (1157841700)}} == Dadka asaliga ah == Avaduru, oo ah koox [[Bakango]] ah, waxaa laga yaabaa inay magacooda ka soo qaateen Webiga Duru.{{sfn|Costermans|1953|p=47}} Amiengba iyo Abogoru waxay ku noolaayeen Duru ama gacan-biyoodkiisa.{{sfn|Costermans|1953|p=22}} S. H. F. Capenny wuxuu qoray in [[Abangba]] laga helay dooxada Duru.{{sfn|Costermans|1953|p=23}} Duga-Botungba waxay ku noolaayeen Ukwa ({{coord|4.2480| 29.2145}}) ee Duru sannadkii 1953.{{sfn|Costermans|1953|p=50}} == Joogitaanka gumeysiga == [[Georg August Schweinfurth]] (1836–1925) wuxuu xeroday 18 Abriil 1870 xeebta midig ee Uele, kaas oo uu ugu yeeray "Kibali", meel la yiraahdo "Kassanga". Léon Lotar (1877–1943) wuxuu tan ku aqoonsaday biyo-dhacyada ku hareeraysan afka Duru.{{sfn|Costermans|1953|p=21}} == Ciidanka iska caabinta Rabbiga== Patrol wadajir ah oo ka tirsan askarta [[Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]] (FARDC) ee [[Hadafka Qaramada Midoobay ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]] (MONUC) ayaa loo diray Duru 6 Febraayo 2010. Dad rayid ah oo ku hubaysan mindiyo (machetes) ayaa xiray waddadii [[Bitima]] ilaa Duru iyagoo adeegsanaya jirrid geedo ah oo dhagax ku tuuray patrol-ka, laakiin xaaladda si dhakhso ah ayaa loo dejiyay. 10 Febraayo 2010 askarta FARDC waxay weerareen xero [[Lord's Resistance Army|Lord's Resistance Army]] (LRA) oo u dhow afka Webiga Duru waxayna sii daayeen lix carruur ah.{{sfn|Conference De Presse Monuc}} Iyada oo qayb ka ah hawlgalka wadajirka ah ee "Welcome to Peace" ee FARDC iyo MONUSCO, 12 Abriil 2012 boostada hawlgalka ee Ciidanka MONUSCO ee tuulada Duru waxay fulisay patrol-yo degdeg ah oo ka dhacay aagagga webiga ee Webiga Duru si loo habeeyo isdhiibida ikhtiyaariga ah ee xubnaha Lord's Resistance Army kuwaas oo sheegay inay is dhiibi doonaan.{{sfn|Conférence de presse des Nations Unies}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://monusco.unmissions.org/conference-de-presse-des-nations-unies-du-mercredi-18-avril-2012 |accessdate=2021-10-19 |language=fr |title=Conférence de presse des Nations Unies du mercredi 18 avril 2012 |date=22 April 2012 |publisher=MONUSCO |ref={{harvid|Conférence de presse des Nations Unies}} }} *{{citation |language=fr |title=Mosaïque Bangba - Notes pour servir à l’étude des Peuplades de l’Uele |last=Costermans |first=B. J. |publisher=Institut Royal Colonial Belge |location=Brussels |year=1953 |url=http://www.kaowarsom.be/documents/MEMOIRES_VERHANDELINGEN/Sciences_morales_politique/Hum.Sc.(IRCB)_T.XXVIII,3_COSTERMANS%20B.%20J._Mosaique%20Bangba_1953.pdf}} *{{citation |url=https://monuc.unmissions.org/conference-de-presse-monuc-mercredi-17-fevrier-2010 |accessdate=2021-10-19 |language=fr |title=Conference De Presse Monuc Mercredi 17 Fevrier 2010 |publisher=MONUC |ref={{harvid|Conference De Presse Monuc}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/1157841700#map=9/4.1547/28.7759 |accessdate=2021-10-19 |title=Node: Duru (1157841700) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Node: Duru (1157841700)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Duru River}} jwkmj0wjxof60pj5ps6q4d6elwk5c0l 299582 299581 2026-06-26T15:24:47Z Isma4l 41797 299582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Duru | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Haut-Uélé]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|4.3398|29.2260}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Uele River|Webiga Uele]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|3.7497 | 28.04533|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Duru''' waa webi ku yaalla gobolka [[Haut-Uélé]] ee [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]]. Waa gacan-biyoodka midig ee [[Uele River|Webiga Uele]]. == Marin-biyoodka == Webigu wuxuu ka soo askumaa xuduudka [[Suudaanta Koonfureed]] (Qaybta Congo-Niil) ee Réserve de chasse d'Azande wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed si uu u galo Uele kor ka xigta [[Niangara]]. Tuulada Duru waxay ku taal dhinaca webiga xuduudka Réserve de chasse d'Azande ee {{coord|4.2450|28.7525}}. Wuxuu ku yaallaa waddada ka timaada [[Dungu, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Dungu]] xagga waqooyi ilaa [[Yambio]] ee Suudaanta Koonfureed.{{sfn|Node: Duru (1157841700)}} == Dadka asaliga ah == Avaduru, oo ah koox [[Bakango]] ah, waxaa laga yaabaa inay magacooda ka soo qaateen Webiga Duru.{{sfn|Costermans|1953|p=47}} Amiengba iyo Abogoru waxay ku noolaayeen Duru ama gacan-biyoodkiisa.{{sfn|Costermans|1953|p=22}} S. H. F. Capenny wuxuu qoray in [[Abangba]] laga helay dooxada Duru.{{sfn|Costermans|1953|p=23}} Duga-Botungba waxay ku noolaayeen Ukwa ({{coord|4.2480| 29.2145}}) ee Duru sannadkii 1953.{{sfn|Costermans|1953|p=50}} == Joogitaanka gumeysiga == [[Georg August Schweinfurth]] (1836–1925) wuxuu xeroday 18 Abriil 1870 xeebta midig ee Uele, kaas oo uu ugu yeeray "Kibali", meel la yiraahdo "Kassanga". Léon Lotar (1877–1943) wuxuu tan ku aqoonsaday biyo-dhacyada ku hareeraysan afka Duru.{{sfn|Costermans|1953|p=21}} == Ciidanka iska caabinta Rabbiga== Kormeer wadajir ah oo ka tirsan askarta [[Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]] (FARDC) ee [[Hadafka Qaramada Midoobay ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]] (MONUC) ayaa loo diray Duru 6 Febraayo 2010. Dad rayid ah oo ku hubaysan mindiyo (machetes) ayaa xiray waddadii [[Bitima]] ilaa Duru iyagoo adeegsanaya jirrid geedo ah oo dhagax ku tuuray patrol-ka, laakiin xaaladda si dhakhso ah ayaa loo dejiyay. 10 Febraayo 2010 askarta FARDC waxay weerareen xero [[Lord's Resistance Army|Lord's Resistance Army]] (LRA) oo u dhow afka Webiga Duru waxayna sii daayeen lix carruur ah.{{sfn|Conference De Presse Monuc}} Iyada oo qayb ka ah hawlgalka wadajirka ah ee "Welcome to Peace" ee FARDC iyo MONUSCO, 12 Abriil 2012 boostada hawlgalka ee Ciidanka MONUSCO ee tuulada Duru waxay fulisay patrol-yo degdeg ah oo ka dhacay aagagga webiga ee Webiga Duru si loo habeeyo isdhiibida ikhtiyaariga ah ee xubnaha Lord's Resistance Army kuwaas oo sheegay inay is dhiibi doonaan.{{sfn|Conférence de presse des Nations Unies}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://monusco.unmissions.org/conference-de-presse-des-nations-unies-du-mercredi-18-avril-2012 |accessdate=2021-10-19 |language=fr |title=Conférence de presse des Nations Unies du mercredi 18 avril 2012 |date=22 April 2012 |publisher=MONUSCO |ref={{harvid|Conférence de presse des Nations Unies}} }} *{{citation |language=fr |title=Mosaïque Bangba - Notes pour servir à l’étude des Peuplades de l’Uele |last=Costermans |first=B. J. |publisher=Institut Royal Colonial Belge |location=Brussels |year=1953 |url=http://www.kaowarsom.be/documents/MEMOIRES_VERHANDELINGEN/Sciences_morales_politique/Hum.Sc.(IRCB)_T.XXVIII,3_COSTERMANS%20B.%20J._Mosaique%20Bangba_1953.pdf}} *{{citation |url=https://monuc.unmissions.org/conference-de-presse-monuc-mercredi-17-fevrier-2010 |accessdate=2021-10-19 |language=fr |title=Conference De Presse Monuc Mercredi 17 Fevrier 2010 |publisher=MONUC |ref={{harvid|Conference De Presse Monuc}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/1157841700#map=9/4.1547/28.7759 |accessdate=2021-10-19 |title=Node: Duru (1157841700) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Node: Duru (1157841700)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Duru River}} smgammzxkniqbxq58mk5wswrtzpp0am 0 48030 299583 2026-06-26T15:27:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Busira | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Halkuu webigu kaga yaallo Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|305|km}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|-0.3497|20.7804}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Ruki River|Webiga Ruki]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-0.321419|18.982817|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]] | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = [[Tshuapa River|Webiga Tshuapa]] | waterbodies = | waterfalls = }} [[File:Rivers_of_center_DRC.png | thumb | right | Webiyada badhtamaha DRC ]] '''Webiga Busira''' waa webi ku yaalla Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo. Waa gacan-biyoodka ugu muhiimsan ee [[Ruki River|Webiga Ruki]], kaas oo isna gacan-biyood u ah [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]]. Busira waxaa loo arki karaa inay tahay qaybta sare ee Webiga Ruki. Waxaana lagu safri karaa sanadka oo dhan. == Goobta == Webiga Busira wuxuu samaysmaa dhowr mayl galbeedka [[Boende]] halkaas oo [[Lomela River|Webiga Lomela]] uu kaga biiro [[Tshuapa River|Webiga Tshuapa]] dhanka bidix.{{sfn|Relation: Tshwapa (385008)}} Busira waxay heshaa [[Salonga River|Webiga Salonga]] {{convert|2|km}} kor ka xigta [[Lotoko, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Lotoko]].{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=14}} [[Momboyo River|Webiga Momboyo]] wuxuu kaga biiraa Webiga Busira dhanka bidix si uu u sameeyo [[Ruki River|Webiga Ruki]] kor ka xigta [[Ingende]].{{sfn|Ruki River ... Encyclopaedia Britannica}} Busira waa {{convert|305|km}} dhererkeedu, dhammaan marin-biyoodka Ruki-Busira waa {{convert|408|km}} dhererkiisu.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=13}} Ruki–Busira waxaa lagu safri karaa sanadka oo dhan, maadaama qoto dheerideedu ay mar walba ka badan tahay {{convert|1|m}} waxayna gaartaa {{convert|2|m}} xilliga fatahaadda. Biyaha ugu badan waxay yimaadaan Maarso-Abriil iyo Noofembar. Biyaha ugu yar waxay yimaadaan Febraayo iyo Juun-Luulyo.{{sfn|Lederer|1973|p=14}} Tuulooyinka ku teedsan Webiga Busira waxaa ka mid ah Lingunda, Boleke, Bokote iyo Loolo. Kuwan waxay leeyihiin suuqyo loogu talagalay xayawaanka duurjoogta ah iyo alaabada kaynta ee ka yimaada [[Salonga National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Salonga]] oo u dhow. Iyagu waa isha ugu weyn ee hilibka duurjoogta ee suuqyada [[Mbandaka]], halkaas oo Webiga Ruki uu kaga biiro Webiga Congo.{{sfn|Trolliet|2015|p=30}} == Deegaanka == Busira waxay ku samaysataa wadnaha xarunta dhexe ee [[Congo Basin|Dooxada Congo]]. Roobabku halkan waxay celcelis ahaan gaaraan {{convert|2000|mm}} sannadkii, iyada oo aanu jirin xilli qallalan. Gacan-biyoodyada Tshuapa iyo Lomela labaduba waxay maraan suumanka ballaaran ee dhul-badeedka. Waxaa jira dhul-badeedyo ku yaalla Busira iyo Momboyo ka hor intaysan isugu biirin inay sameeyaan Ruki. Dhul-badeedyadu waxay daboolaan {{convert|55000|ha}} oo ku yaalla Busira inta u dhaxaysa 19°00'E iyo 19°27'E.{{sfn|Hughes|1992|p=548}} Webiga Busira wuxuu quudiyaa kaymaha fatahaadda ee Mbandaka, wuxuuna fatahaa {{convert|925|km2}}.{{sfn|Zaire (Contd.) ... FAO}} [[Edaphic]] savannas, nadiifinta yaryar ee dhirta cagaaran ee ciidda, ama dhoobada, ayaa laga helaa dhinacyada kanaallada Webiga Busira. Waxaa webiga looga soocay suunka kaynta gallery. Waxay ku samaysmaan ciidda hore ama harooyinka qallalan ee laga tagay markii webigu beddelay jihadiisa. Dhirta waxaa ku badan ''[[Hyparrhenia diplandra]]''. Savannas-ku waa kuwo ku-meel-gaar ah oo tartiib tartiib u baaba'a maadaama ay kayntu ku soo duushay.{{sfn|H.B.|1939|p=239}} == Xilligii gumeysiga == Laga bilaabo 1 Janaayo 1894 [[Société anonyme belge pour le commerce du Haut-Congo]] (SAB) waxay lahayd 83 warshadood iyo saldhigyo, oo ay ku jiraan qaar ka mid ah dhulka Faransiiska ee galbeedka wabiyada [[Congo River|Congo]] iyo [[Ubangi River|Ubangi]]. Khariidad ayaa muujinaysa in shirkaddu ay lahayd saldhigyo ku teedsan Webiga Ruki ee sare ee [[Mbilankamba II|Bilakamba]], [[Bombomba|Bombimba]], [[Bussira Manene]], [[Monieka|Moniaca]], [[Bokote|Bocoté]] iyo [[Yolongo]]. Waxa kale oo ay saldhig ku lahayd [[Bomputu]] oo ku taal Webiga Lengué (Salonga), iyo saldhigyo ku yaalla Balalondzy, Ivulu iyo Ivuku oo ku yaalla [[Momboyo River|Webiga Momboyo]].{{sfn|Map: Société anonyme belge ...}} [[Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l'Industrie]] (CCCI) waxaa la siiyay xaqa 1{{convert|50,000|ha}} oo dhul ah beddelka adeeggeeda ee barashada mashruuca [[Matadi-Léopoldville Railway|Tareenka Matadi-Léopoldville]]. [[Compagnie du chemin de fer du Congo]] (CFC) waxaa la siiyay {{convert|1500|ha}} oo dhul ah halkii {{convert|1|km}} ee xariiq ah ee la hawlgeliyo, iyo sidoo kale suunka {{convert|200|m}} oo ballac ah oo ku teedsan tareenka. Dhulka CCCI iyo CFC waxaa badankood loo qaybiyay ''[[Bloc de la Busira-Momboyo]]'', oo la abuuray 1901, oo ku teedsan wabiyada Busira iyo [[Momboyo River|Momboyo]]. Hantidan {{convert|1041373|ha}} waxaa ka faa'iideystay SAB.{{sfn|Heyse|1940|p=91}} 1904, bilaha ugu dambeeya ka hor intaanan dowladda dib ula wareegin rukhsadda, SAB waxay goosteen 50 tan oo caag (rubber) qalalan, kuwaas oo 6 ay ka yimaadeen Ikelemba, 34 Busira iyo 10 Salonga Lomela.{{sfn|Lufungula Lewono|2006|p=108}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|25em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2256312 |access-date=2021-03-21 |publisher=British Ecological Society |author=H.B. |title=African Vegetation by W. Robyns |type=article review |journal= Journal of Ecology |volume=27 |issue=1 |date=February 1939 |pages=238–240|doi=10.2307/2256312 |jstor=2256312 |url-access=subscription }} *{{citation |title=La politique des concessions foncieres au congo belge |first=Th. |language=fr |last=Heyse |journal=Revue d'histoire moderne |volume=15e |issue=41/42 |series=Nouv. Ser. Tome 9: Etudes sur l'histoire de Belgique |date=January–May 1940 |pages=88–104 |publisher=Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine |jstor=20525978 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20525978 |access-date=2021-03-23}} *{{citation |last=Hughes|first=R. 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Encyclopaedia Britannica}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.belspo.be/belspo/SSD/science/Reports/BIOSERF_FinRep.pdf |access-date=2021-03-21 |last=Trolliet |first=F. |year=2015 |publisher=Belgian Science Policy |location=Brussels |title=Sustainability of tropical forest biodiversity and services under climate and human pressure "BIOSERF"}} *{{citation |chapter-url=http://www.fao.org/3/T0473E/T0473E13.htm |access-date=2021-03-21 |title=Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa |volume=1 |chapter=Zaire (Contd.) |publisher=FAO |ref={{harvid|Zaire (Contd.) ... FAO}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} 4zac6t8tymjgkob3xiagx949g75dicy 0 48031 299584 2026-06-26T15:29:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bundi | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-5.544539|13.552085|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]] | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Bundi''' waa webi ku yaalla Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo. Waa gacan-biyoodka midig ee [[Webiga Congo]] ee hoose kaas oo gala webiga hoosta [[Biyo dhaca Inga]]. Haddii mashruuca la soo jeediyay ee [[Biya xireenka Grand Inga]] uu hirgalo, dooxada webiga ayaa fatahami doonta si ay u samaysato haro weyn. == Booqdayaashii Yurub ee hore == Sannadkii 1816 Kabtan [[James Hingston Tuckey]] oo ka tirsan Ciidanka Badda ee Ingiriiska ayaa ahaa qofkii ugu horreeyay ee reer Yurub ah ee booqda dooxada Bundi. Waqtigaas sare-joogga Inga wuxuu ahaa saldhigga hogaan qabiil oo leh 300 oo qof iyo 70 aqal. Suuqa Inga wuxuu ka kobcay cashuuraha la saaray ganacsatada addoonsiga ee Ingiriiska, Bortuqiiska, Faransiiska iyo Biljamka ee kor u sii marayay webiga, iyo karawaannada addoonta ee u soo degayay xeebta Atlantic.{{sfn|Nyanga|2019}} [[Henry Morton Stanley]] wuxuu booqday Febraayo 1880. Wuxuu qiyaasay in waqti ka mid ah waqtiyadii hore Congo ay ku dhex martay dooxada Bundi, taas oo ka dhigtay mid si dhow u siman.{{sfn|Stanley|2011|p=173}} Wuxuu qoray, "Bundi waa durdur qurux badan oo biyo aad u nadiif ah, kaas oo xilliga qallalan dhex mara dhagxaan iyo dhagaxyo si habsami leh loo nadiifiyay iyo ciid yar yar oo ku yaalla salka dooxo dhagax badan oo qoto dheer.{{sfn|Stanley|2011|p=174}} Wuxuu sheegay in ugaartu ay badnayd, laakiin nasiib darro waxaa kaloo badnaa kaneecada ciidda, duqsiga iyo [[chigoe|dulin]], halka webiga jaalaha ah ay ku badnaayeen yaxaasyo.{{sfn|Stanley|2011|pp=213–214}} Wuxuu cabbiray masaafada u dhaxaysa Bundi iyo Webiga Bula inay ku dhowdahay {{convert|16|mi}}.{{sfn|Stanley|2011|p=224}} [[Guillaume Casman]] ayaa gaaray [[Vivi, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Vivi]] wuxuuna ku biiray safar uu hoggaaminayay Kabtan [[Edmond Hanssens]]. Waxay ka tageen 21 Janaayo 1884 iyagoo wata saf 30 nin ah, waxayna gaareen xeebaha Webiga Bundi 23 Janaayo 1884. Roobabku waxay ka dhigeen inuu ka fataho xeebahiisa oo uu dooxadiisa u beddelo dhul-badeed weyn.{{sfn|Martrin-Donos|1886|pp=475–476}} Sarkaalka Iswiidhan [[Peter August Möller]] ayaa maray webiga markii uu ka safrayay Vivi ilaa [[Isangila]]. Wuxuu qoray 1887:{{sfn|Friedman|1991|p=31}} {{blockquote|Intii lagu guda jiray socdaalkayagii aan ku tagaynay Issangila waxaan ku xeroday dooxada webiga Bundi, kaas oo loo yaqaan hodantinimadiisa weyn ee maroodi-biyoodka (buffaloes) iyo noocyo kala duwan oo anteloop ah. Waxaan kaloo arki karnaa raadad badan oo xayawaankan ah meel walba. Qaybo ka mid ah sariirta webiga waxaa kaloo garaacay hippopotami, kuwaas oo si cad u daaqayay halkaas [habeenkii]. Waxay ahayd mid aad u soo jiidasho leh aniga inaan halkaas joogo, laakiin safarkayagu uma oggolaan. Sidaas darteed naftayda ayaan u raaxeeyay rajadaydii aan ka qabay inaan fursad u helo inaan ku soo laabto goobtan ugaarsiga ee hodanka ah mustaqbalka.(Möller 1887:49){{sfn|Friedman|1991|p=31}}}} == Biya-xireenka Grand Inga == Maqaal BBC ah oo ka soo baxay 2013 ayaa sheegay in DRC ay heshiis la gashay Koonfur Afrika si ay uga iibiso koronto ka timaada mashruuca korontada ee biya-xireenka Grand Inga ee la qorsheeyay. Darbbi biya-xireen keliya ayaa quudin doona lix xarun oo koronto kuwaas oo soo saari doona 40,000 megawatt oo koronto ah. Biya-xireenka {{convert|145|m|abbr=on}} dhererka ah ayaa fatahi doona dooxada Bundi, taas oo hoy u ahayd 30,000 oo tuulo-deggane ah, taas oo dooxada u beddelaysa haro weyn. Webiga Congo ayaa hadda geli doona dhinaca waqooyi ee harada, wuxuuna ka bixi doonaa iyada oo loo marayo turbinno ku yaalla biya-xireenka oo ku teedsan dhinaca koonfureed.{{sfn|Jullien|2013}} Juun 2020 waxaa la soo sheegay in Madaxweyne [[Félix Tshisekedi]] uu qorsheynayay inuu u soo bandhigo mashaariicda Grand Inga shirarka madaxda Afrika, si uu u helo xiiso ku saabsan iibsashada tamarta la soo saari doono.{{sfn|Ilunga|2020}} Dadka ka soo horjeeda biya-xireenka ayaa xusay in dooxada Bundi ay haysato isku-darka dhul-beereed iyo deegaanno dabiici ah oo ay ku nool yihiin duurjoogta. Ilaa 60,000 oo qof ayaa laga yaabaa inay barakacaan, shabakadda waddooyinka iyo xadhkaha korontada ee guud ahaan [[Congo Basin|Dooxada Congo]] ayaa laga yaabaa inay abuuraan waxyeello bulsho iyo deegaan. Ma jirin daraasad saamaynta deegaanka oo la qorsheeyay.{{sfn|Hughes|2016}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |last=Friedman|first=Kajsa Ekholm|title=Catastrophe and Creation: The Transformation of an African Culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AXM0tKcggVkC&pg=PA31|accessdate=4 September 2020|year=1991|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-3-7186-5186-3}} *{{citation |url=http://alert-conservation.org/issues-research-highlights/2016/6/5/the-vast-congo-river-to-be-imperiled-by-the-worlds-largest-dam |accessdate=2020-09-04 |last=Hughes |first=Alice |title=The Vast Congo River to be Imperiled by the World's Biggest Dam |date=6 June 2016 |publisher=ALERT}} *{{citation |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/africa/DRC-goes-on-with-Grand-Inga-plan/4552902-5579782-42va4h/index.html |accessdate=2020-09-04 |journal=The East African |last=Ilunga |first=Patrick |title=DRC goes on with Grand Inga dam project |date=20 June 2020}} *{{citation |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24856000 |accessdate=2020-09-04 |publisher=BBC |last=Jullien |first=Maud |title=Can DR Congo's Inga dam project power Africa? |location=Inga |date=15 November 2013}} *{{citation |url=http://www.aml-cfwb.be/readonlines/africa/cmd1/I20.pdf |accessdate=2020-09-04 |title=Les Belges dans l'Afrique Centrale |year=1886 |chapter=XX |last=Martrin-Donos |first=Ch. de |language=fr}} *{{citation |url=https://members.tortoisemedia.com/2019/07/08/congo-inga-dam/content.html |accessdate=2020-09-04 |date=8 July 2019 |work=Tortoise |last=Nyanga |first=Yoletta |title=Power play: Congo’s new president could transform Africa with one gigantic hydro-electric dam}} *{{citation |last=Stanley|first=Henry Morton|title=The Congo and the Founding of Its Free State: A Story of Work and Exploration |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wpYA9PAZJq8C&pg=PA173|accessdate=4 September 2020|date=25 August 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-03131-8}} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} l1m1lbb1sv31ipgw5sqlbtw0whq6vj1 0 48032 299586 2026-06-26T15:37:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bima | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Uele River|Webiga Uele]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|3.385321|25.140817 |display=it}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Bima''' waa webi ku yaalla gobolka [[Bas-Uélé]] ee [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo]]. Waa gacan-biyoodka bidix ee [[Uele River|Webiga Uele]].{{sfn|Way: Bima (162842466)}} == Marin-biyoodka == Bima wuxuu maraa dhulalka [[Poko Territory|Poko]], [[Bambesa Territory|Bambesa]] iyo [[Buta Territory|Buta]] wuxuuna galaa [[Uele River|Webiga Uele]] meel u dhow [[Malengweya]].{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=24}} Bima waxay ka mid tahay gacan-biyoodyada ugu muhiimsan ee Uele, kuwa kale waa [[Uere River|Webiga Uere]] iyo [[Bomokandi River|Webiga Bomokandi]].{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=24}} [[Andu River|Webiga Andu]] waa gacan-biyood weyn oo dhanka midig ah ee Bima.{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=75}} Webiga Bana waa gacan-biyood kale.{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=216}} Sannadkii 1955 xuduudka galbeed ee [[Bambesa Territory]] waxaa qayb ka ahaa Bima laga soo bilaabo isku-biiriddiisa Uele ilaa isku-biiriddiisa Andu, ka dibna weheliyay Bima ilaa isgoyskiisa tareenka [[Bondo, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Bondo]]-[[Mungbere]].{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=257}} Dheemman ayaa laga helay iyadoo lala xiriirinayo dahabka qaybta sare ee Bima.{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=32}} == Xilligii gumeysiga == Qiyaastii Noofembar 1890 kii Carabta reer Sansibar Mirambo ayaa yimid gobolka Uele, isagoo ka bilaabaya dhibic ku taal [[Aruwimi River|Webiga Aruwimi]] kor ka xigta [[Yambuya]]. Isagoo dhaafaya [[Rubi River|Webiga Rubi]] wuxuu u aaday NNE dhulka Bagbwe iyo Bayo, wuxuuna naftiisa ku rakibay Bima meel u dhow saldhigga [[Titulé]], ka dib markii uu helay gudbinta dadka Bayo, kuwaas oo u soo saaray kaaliyeyaal si ay u weeraraan dadka deriska ah. Wuxuu ku hanjabay saldhigyadii ku yaallay gobolka deriska ah ee Djabar laga soo bilaabo saldhiggiisii Bima. 13 Diseembar 1890 [[Jules Alexandre Milz]] iyo [[Alphonse Vangèle]] waxay qaateen boos u dhow. Mirambo wuu weeraray waana la jabiyay waxaana lagu qasbay inuu cararo.{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=150}} Dhammaadkii Oktoobar 1891 kii [[Ababua]] hogaamiye Sikito wuxuu ka adkaaday ganacsade Purukandu oo ku yaalla waddadii ka timid Falls ilaa [[Makongo River|Webiga Makongo]]. Sida uu sheegay Gustave Gustin kulanku waa inuu ka dhacay Bima sare oo ku yaalla dhul buuraley ah.{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=151}} == Xigasho == {{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://www.africamuseum.be/sites/default/files/media/docs/research/publications/rmca/online/monographies-provinces/bas-uele_web.pdf |accessdate=2020-08-30 |last=Omasombo Tshonda |first=Jean |title=Bas-Uele Pouvoirs locaux et économie agricole : héritages d’un passé brouillé |language=fr |ISBN=978-9-4916-1586-3 |publisher=Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale |year=2014}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/162842466#map=11/3.3455/25.1484 |accessdate=2020-08-31 |title=Way: Bima (162842466) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Way: Bima (162842466)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} su77s7hnr4vkfuyrh9nkxu4tbqz2ky5 299587 299586 2026-06-26T15:37:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bima | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Uele River|Webiga Uele]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|3.385321|25.140817 |display=it}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Bima''' waa webi ku yaalla gobolka [[Bas-Uélé]] ee [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]]. Waa gacan-biyoodka bidix ee [[Uele River|Webiga Uele]].{{sfn|Way: Bima (162842466)}} == Marin-biyoodka == Bima wuxuu maraa dhulalka [[Poko Territory|Poko]], [[Bambesa Territory|Bambesa]] iyo [[Buta Territory|Buta]] wuxuuna galaa [[Uele River|Webiga Uele]] meel u dhow [[Malengweya]].{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=24}} Bima waxay ka mid tahay gacan-biyoodyada ugu muhiimsan ee Uele, kuwa kale waa [[Uere River|Webiga Uere]] iyo [[Bomokandi River|Webiga Bomokandi]].{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=24}} [[Andu River|Webiga Andu]] waa gacan-biyood weyn oo dhanka midig ah ee Bima.{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=75}} Webiga Bana waa gacan-biyood kale.{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=216}} Sannadkii 1955 xuduudka galbeed ee [[Bambesa Territory]] waxaa qayb ka ahaa Bima laga soo bilaabo isku-biiriddiisa Uele ilaa isku-biiriddiisa Andu, ka dibna weheliyay Bima ilaa isgoyskiisa tareenka [[Bondo, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Bondo]]-[[Mungbere]].{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=257}} Dheemman ayaa laga helay iyadoo lala xiriirinayo dahabka qaybta sare ee Bima.{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=32}} == Xilligii gumeysiga == Qiyaastii Noofembar 1890 kii Carabta reer Sansibar Mirambo ayaa yimid gobolka Uele, isagoo ka bilaabaya dhibic ku taal [[Aruwimi River|Webiga Aruwimi]] kor ka xigta [[Yambuya]]. Isagoo dhaafaya [[Rubi River|Webiga Rubi]] wuxuu u aaday NNE dhulka Bagbwe iyo Bayo, wuxuuna naftiisa ku rakibay Bima meel u dhow saldhigga [[Titulé]], ka dib markii uu helay gudbinta dadka Bayo, kuwaas oo u soo saaray kaaliyeyaal si ay u weeraraan dadka deriska ah. Wuxuu ku hanjabay saldhigyadii ku yaallay gobolka deriska ah ee Djabar laga soo bilaabo saldhiggiisii Bima. 13 Diseembar 1890 [[Jules Alexandre Milz]] iyo [[Alphonse Vangèle]] waxay qaateen boos u dhow. Mirambo wuu weeraray waana la jabiyay waxaana lagu qasbay inuu cararo.{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=150}} Dhammaadkii Oktoobar 1891 kii [[Ababua]] hogaamiye Sikito wuxuu ka adkaaday ganacsade Purukandu oo ku yaalla waddadii ka timid Falls ilaa [[Makongo River|Webiga Makongo]]. Sida uu sheegay Gustave Gustin kulanku waa inuu ka dhacay Bima sare oo ku yaalla dhul buuraley ah.{{sfn|Omasombo Tshonda|2014|p=151}} == Xigasho == {{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://www.africamuseum.be/sites/default/files/media/docs/research/publications/rmca/online/monographies-provinces/bas-uele_web.pdf |accessdate=2020-08-30 |last=Omasombo Tshonda |first=Jean |title=Bas-Uele Pouvoirs locaux et économie agricole : héritages d’un passé brouillé |language=fr |ISBN=978-9-4916-1586-3 |publisher=Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale |year=2014}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/162842466#map=11/3.3455/25.1484 |accessdate=2020-08-31 |title=Way: Bima (162842466) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Way: Bima (162842466)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} qmgi1bcycbs311v1cx6umm8xxwbb4o1 0 48033 299590 2026-06-26T15:41:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bidi | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobol]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Kongo Central]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|27|3|S|15|15|4|E|}} | mouth_location = [[Webiga Inkisi]] | length = {{cvt|525|m}} | progression = Webiga Bidi → [[Webiga Inkisi]] → [[Webiga Congo]] → [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] | river_system = [[Congo]] }} '''Webiga Bidi''' waa webi ku yaalla [[Kongo Central]], [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]]. Webigu wuxuu ku qulqulaa [[Webiga Inkisi]], oo ah gacan-biyoodka weyn ee ugu dambeeya ee [[Webiga Congo]], kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ku qulqula [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=GeoNames.org|url=http://www.geonames.org/8254451/bidi.html|access-date=2021-02-06|website=www.geonames.org}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == <references /> fr6yc0sxpnimv66r5yf7en9hbopgda2 0 48034 299592 2026-06-26T15:43:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river |image = Rebuilt bridge on Bragoto River.jpg | image_caption = Buundada dib loo dhisay ee Webiga Bragoto |mouth_coordinates = }} '''Webiga Bragoto''' waa [[webi]] ku yaalla koonfurta [[Chad]]. Waa gacan-biyoodka [[Chari River|Webiga Chari]]. Buundada ka gudubta Webiga Bragoto ee Chad ayaa duntay, taas oo ku qasabtay beeralayda gobolka [[Koumogo]] inay u safraan 127 km si ay suuq ugu geeyaan waxsoosaarkooda magaalada [[Sarh]], halkii ay ka isticmaali lahaayeen 63 km haddii buundadu jiri lahayd. Waxaa dib u dhisay [https://2009-2017.state.gov/p/af/pdpa/ssh/ lacago is-caawin gaar ah] oo ay bixisay Ururka Tuulada Koumogo. == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20061022075903/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/pix/b/af/16981.htm Buundada oo dib loogu dhisay koonfurta Chad] 6vo2xo9s6ufntunedwfykzlbyvqw1rz 0 48035 299595 2026-06-26T15:45:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|2|58.0|S|10|15|E|display=title}} [[File:Nyanga OSM.png|thumb|right|Dooxada Webiga Nyanga]] '''Webiga Nyanga''', 600 km, (Af-Faransiis: ''Rivière Nyanga'') waa [[webi]] mara koonfurta [[Gabon]] iyo waqooyiga [[Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Congo]]. Waa webiga labaad ee ugu muhiimsan Gabon ka dib [[Ogooue River|Ogooue]]. Wuxuu si fiican ugu caanbaxay biyo-dhacyada badan ee kala gooya marin-biyoodkiisa kale oo siman.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche|url-access=registration|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/271 271]|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> == Marin-biyoodka == Wuxuu ka soo askumaa xuduudka labada dal, meel u dhow isku-taga gobollada [[Ngounié Province|N'Gounié]] iyo [[Ogooué-Lolo]] ee Gabon, wuxuu u maraa koonfur xuduudka ka dibna koonfur-galbeed isagoo maraya gobolka [[Niari]] ee Congo, ka dibna wuxuu galaa gobolka [[Nyanga Province|Nyanga]] ee Gabon wuxuuna sameeyaa leexasho fiiqan oo dhanka waqooyi-galbeed ah. Wuxuu maraa caasimadda Nyanga ee [[Tchibanga]] (magaalada ugu weyn ee webiga ku taal), ka dibna si tartiib tartiib ah ayuu u leexdaa dhanka koonfur-galbeed mar kale, isagoo maraya taxane biyo-dhacyo ah ka hor inta uusan soo bixin oo uusan ku daadan [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]]. == Gacan-biyoodyada == * [[Moukalaba River|Moukalaba]], kaas oo helaya biyo ka yimaada gacan-biyoodkiisa u gaarka ah, [[Ganzi River|Webiga Ganzi]] * [[Douli River|Douli]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} * [[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]. 2003. African Adventure Atlas Pg 24,72. uu hoggaaminayo Sean Fraser. * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayo The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Pg 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. 6npn37tnaidqx8j056cm3z369noer1c 0 48036 299599 2026-06-26T15:48:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Likouala-Mossaka | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = File:Sanghabasinmap.png | map_size = | map_caption = Dooxada [[Webiga Sangha]], oo muujinaysa Likouala oo dhanka galbeedka ah | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuquraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]] | mouth_location = [[Mossaka]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-1.2270|16.7991|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Likouala-Mossaka''' (ama '''Webiga Likouala''') ({{langx|sw|Mto Likouala}}) waa webi ku yaalla [[Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Congo]]. Waa gacan-biyoodka [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]], kaas oo uu ka galo dhanka bari ee magaalada [[Mossaka]]. == Goobta == Likouala-Mossaka waa gacan-biyoodka midig ee Congo oo uu ka galo Mossaka qiyaastii {{convert|650|km}} u jira isha uu ka soo askumo. Dooxadiisu waxay ku dhowdahay tan [[Sangha River|Webiga Sangha]] oo dhanka waqooyi ah iyo [[Ogooué River|Webiga Ogooué]] oo ku yaalla Gabon dhanka galbeed. Dhanka koonfureed waxay ku dhowdahay dooxada [[Alima]], oo aan lahayn gacan-biyoodyo bidix ah.{{sfn|Mazenot|1966|p=268}} Webiyada hoose ee [[Sangha River|Sangha]], [[Likouala-aux-Herbes]] iyo Likouala-Mossaka ayaa dhex mara Congolese Cuvette, oo ah niyad-jab weyn oo leh cimilo dhulbaraha. Ciidda gobolkan waa ciid ama dhoobo quaternary fluvial alluvia. Dhirta waa kayn cufan, qoyan, hadh leh oo qayb ahaan fatahamaysa xilliga biyaha badan.{{sfn|LaraqueMahé|Orange|Marieu|2001|p=107}} == Biyo-xireenka == Intii u dhaxaysay 1951 iyo 1993 roobabka sannadlaha ah ee dooxada Likouala-Mossaka waxay ahaayeen {{convert|1689|mm}} iyo celceliska qulqulka saldhigga Makoua wuxuu ahaa {{convert|216|m3/s}}.{{sfn|LaraqueMahé|Orange|Marieu|2001|p=113}} Dooxada ka sarraysa bartaas waxay daboolaysay {{convert|14100|km2}}.{{sfn|LaraqueMahé|Orange|Marieu|2001|p=106}} == Sahamintii Yurub == [[Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza]] wuxuu sahamiyay qaybta sare ee Likouala-Mossaka, Licona, Ogosto 1878. [[Albert Dolisie]] wuxuu galay afkiisa 1884. [[Giacomo Savorgnan di Brazzà]] wuxuu ka soo degay webiga markii uu ka soo laabtay sahamintiisii waqooyi Diseembar 1885. 1899 dhammaan dooxada Likouala-Mossaka waxaa la siiyay walaalaha Tréchot oo abuuray ''Compagnie Française du Haut-Congo'' (CFHC) si ay u hawlgeliyaan.{{sfn|Mazenot|1966|p=268}} 1908 waxaa jiray afar saldhig oo maamul oo ku yaalla dhul dhan qiyaastii {{convert|80000|km2}}. Toddobaatan iyo laba tuulo ayaa lagu qasbay inay bixiyaan 44,648 faran oo cashuur ah.{{sfn|Mazenot|1966|p=270}} Ilaa 1909 maamulkii Faransiiska ee dooxada Likouala-Mossaka wuxuu ahaa mid aad u fudud, wax yar ayaana laga qabtay horumarinta khayraadkiisa.{{sfn|Mazenot|1966|p=269}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|25em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_7/b_fdi_59-60/010026307.pdf |accessdate=2021-10-19 |first1=Alain |last1=Laraque |first2=Gil |last2=Mahé |first3=Didier |last3=Orange |first4=Bertrand |last4=Marieu |title=Spatiotemporal variations in hydrological regimes within Central Africa during the XXth century |journal=Journal of Hydrology |issue=245 |year=2001 |pages=104–117}} *{{citation |url=https://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/cea_0008-0055_1966_num_6_22_3067.pdf |accessdate=2021-10-20 |last=Mazenot |first=Georges |title=L'occupation du Bassin de la Likouala-Mossaka 1909-1914 |journal=Cahiers d'études africaines |volume=6 |issue=22 |year=1966 |pages=268-307 |doi=10.3406/cea.1966.3067}} {{refend}} == Akhris dheeraad ah == *{{cite report |last=Thiebaux |first=Jean-Pierre |title=Hydrologie du bassin de la Likouala Mossaka |language=fr |publisher=[[ORSTOM]] |year=1987 |url=http://www.hydrosciences.fr/sierem/Bibliotheque/biblio/MONOGRAPHIE%20DE%20LA%20LIKOUALA%20MOSSAKA.pdf}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Likouala-Mossaka}} gc6dc4g25zixbog8sn4ub74nqjfpycj 299601 299599 2026-06-26T15:49:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Likouala-Mossaka | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = File:Sanghabasinmap.png | map_size = | map_caption = Dooxada [[Webiga Sangha]], oo muujinaysa Likouala oo dhanka galbeedka ah | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]] | mouth_location = [[Mossaka]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-1.2270|16.7991|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Likouala-Mossaka''' (ama '''Webiga Likouala''') ({{langx|sw|Mto Likouala}}) waa webi ku yaalla [[Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Congo]]. Waa gacan-biyoodka [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]], kaas oo uu ka galo dhanka bari ee magaalada [[Mossaka]]. == Goobta == Likouala-Mossaka waa gacan-biyoodka midig ee Congo oo uu ka galo Mossaka qiyaastii {{convert|650|km}} u jira isha uu ka soo askumo. Dooxadiisu waxay ku dhowdahay tan [[Sangha River|Webiga Sangha]] oo dhanka waqooyi ah iyo [[Ogooué River|Webiga Ogooué]] oo ku yaalla Gabon dhanka galbeed. Dhanka koonfureed waxay ku dhowdahay dooxada [[Alima]], oo aan lahayn gacan-biyoodyo bidix ah.{{sfn|Mazenot|1966|p=268}} Webiyada hoose ee [[Sangha River|Sangha]], [[Likouala-aux-Herbes]] iyo Likouala-Mossaka ayaa dhex mara Congolese Cuvette, oo ah niyad-jab weyn oo leh cimilo dhulbaraha. Ciidda gobolkan waa ciid ama dhoobo quaternary fluvial alluvia. Dhirta waa kayn cufan, qoyan, hadh leh oo qayb ahaan fatahamaysa xilliga biyaha badan.{{sfn|LaraqueMahé|Orange|Marieu|2001|p=107}} == Biyo-xireenka == Intii u dhaxaysay 1951 iyo 1993 roobabka sannadlaha ah ee dooxada Likouala-Mossaka waxay ahaayeen {{convert|1689|mm}} iyo celceliska qulqulka saldhigga Makoua wuxuu ahaa {{convert|216|m3/s}}.{{sfn|LaraqueMahé|Orange|Marieu|2001|p=113}} Dooxada ka sarraysa bartaas waxay daboolaysay {{convert|14100|km2}}.{{sfn|LaraqueMahé|Orange|Marieu|2001|p=106}} == Sahamintii Yurub == [[Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza]] wuxuu sahamiyay qaybta sare ee Likouala-Mossaka, Licona, Ogosto 1878. [[Albert Dolisie]] wuxuu galay afkiisa 1884. [[Giacomo Savorgnan di Brazzà]] wuxuu ka soo degay webiga markii uu ka soo laabtay sahamintiisii waqooyi Diseembar 1885. 1899 dhammaan dooxada Likouala-Mossaka waxaa la siiyay walaalaha Tréchot oo abuuray ''Compagnie Française du Haut-Congo'' (CFHC) si ay u hawlgeliyaan.{{sfn|Mazenot|1966|p=268}} 1908 waxaa jiray afar saldhig oo maamul oo ku yaalla dhul dhan qiyaastii {{convert|80000|km2}}. Toddobaatan iyo laba tuulo ayaa lagu qasbay inay bixiyaan 44,648 faran oo cashuur ah.{{sfn|Mazenot|1966|p=270}} Ilaa 1909 maamulkii Faransiiska ee dooxada Likouala-Mossaka wuxuu ahaa mid aad u fudud, wax yar ayaana laga qabtay horumarinta khayraadkiisa.{{sfn|Mazenot|1966|p=269}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|25em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_7/b_fdi_59-60/010026307.pdf |accessdate=2021-10-19 |first1=Alain |last1=Laraque |first2=Gil |last2=Mahé |first3=Didier |last3=Orange |first4=Bertrand |last4=Marieu |title=Spatiotemporal variations in hydrological regimes within Central Africa during the XXth century |journal=Journal of Hydrology |issue=245 |year=2001 |pages=104–117}} *{{citation |url=https://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/cea_0008-0055_1966_num_6_22_3067.pdf |accessdate=2021-10-20 |last=Mazenot |first=Georges |title=L'occupation du Bassin de la Likouala-Mossaka 1909-1914 |journal=Cahiers d'études africaines |volume=6 |issue=22 |year=1966 |pages=268-307 |doi=10.3406/cea.1966.3067}} {{refend}} == Akhris dheeraad ah == *{{cite report |last=Thiebaux |first=Jean-Pierre |title=Hydrologie du bassin de la Likouala Mossaka |language=fr |publisher=[[ORSTOM]] |year=1987 |url=http://www.hydrosciences.fr/sierem/Bibliotheque/biblio/MONOGRAPHIE%20DE%20LA%20LIKOUALA%20MOSSAKA.pdf}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Likouala-Mossaka}} nxhz4jad84wiust11fegbdzwvlwu3ht 0 48037 299602 2026-06-26T15:51:31Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ibenga | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = File:Un-congo-brazzaville.png | map_size = | map_caption = Webiyada Jamhuuriyadda Congo. Ibenga oo ku taal cirifka waqooyi. | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Dongou]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Ubangi River|Webiga Ubangi]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|2.282423|18.099886|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Ibenga''' ({{langx|fr|Rivière Ibenga}} ama '''Webiga Libenga''') waa webi ku yaalla [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Kongo]], waa gacan-biyoodka midig ee [[Ubangi River|Webiga Ubangi]]. == Goobta == Webigu wuxuu ka soo askumaa waqooyi-galbeedka [[Enyelle]]. Wuxuu maraa magaaladaas, ka dibna wuxuu u qulqulaa si guud jihada SSE ilaa Ubangi.{{sfn|Way: Ibenga (246788958)}} Webigu waa {{convert|325|km}} dhererkiisu. Wuxuu muhiim u yahay sidii waddo gaadiid oo maxalli ah. Hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee dhaqaale ee webiga ku teedsan waa kalluumeysiga iyo soo saarista khamriga timirta.{{sfn|Libenga – Ramsar}} == Taariikh == Qofkii ugu horreeyay ee reer Yurub ah ee sahamiya webiga wuxuu ahaa [[Alphonse van Gèle]], Noofembar-Diseembar 1886.{{sfn|Janssens|Cateaux|1908|p=172}} == Goobta Ramsar == Libenga [[Ramsar site|goobta Ramsar]] waxay ku fidsan tahay dhererka Webiga Libenga waxaana ku jira dhul-badeedyada labada dhinac ee webiga, durdurro yaryar, dhul-bannaannada fatahaadda, iyo kaymaha dhoobada ah. Sannadkii 2000 ma jirin qorshe maamul oo rasmi ah, laakiin ilaalin yar ayaa lagu bixiyay xilliyada ugaarsiga ee xaddidan iyo ka faa'iideysiga qaybo ka mid ah aagagga oo ku xaddidan dadka deggan qabiilka. Webigu wuxuu u adeegaa sidii hoy loogu talagalay [[hippopotamus|jeerka]] si ay uga baxsadaan khataraha ay kala kulmaan Ubangi. Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo kalluun ah oo endemic ah iyo kuwa socdaala. Dowladdu waxay bilowday barnaamij lagu xaddidayo noocyada biyaha soo duulay 1998. [[marabou stork|shimbiraha marabou]] iyo [[pelican|pelicans]]-ka socdaala waxay isticmaalaan bannaannada ku hareeraysan webiga, sida ay sameeyaan [[African forest buffalo|maroodi-biyoodyada]] socdaala.{{sfn|Libenga – Ramsar}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |first1=Édouard |first2=Albert |url=https://archive.org/details/lesbelgesaucongo01jans/page/n209/mode/2up?q=vangele |pages=167–182 |last1=Janssens |last2=Cateaux |title=Les Belges au Congo: notices biographiques |location=Antwerp |publisher=J. van Hille-De Backer |year=1908}} *{{citation |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1743 |accessdate=2020-09-02 |title=Libenga |publisher=Ramsar Sites Information Service |ref={{harvid|Libenga – Ramsar}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/246788958#map=13/2.8054/17.9808 |accessdate=2020-09-02 |title=Way: Ibenga (246788958) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Way: Ibenga (246788958)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} tkmrcn23v7li8udx0mbzgwknm84bblu 299603 299602 2026-06-26T15:52:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ibenga | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = File:Un-congo-brazzaville.png | map_size = | map_caption = Webiyada Jamhuuriyadda Congo. Ibenga oo ku taal cirifka waqooyi. | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Dongou]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Ubangi River|Webiga Ubangi]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|2.282423|18.099886|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Ibenga''' ({{langx|fr|Rivière Ibenga}} ama '''Webiga Libenga''') waa webi ku yaalla [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]], waa gacan-biyoodka midig ee [[Webiga Ubangi]]. == Goobta == Webigu wuxuu ka soo askumaa waqooyi-galbeedka [[Enyelle]]. Wuxuu maraa magaaladaas, ka dibna wuxuu u qulqulaa si guud jihada SSE ilaa Ubangi.{{sfn|Way: Ibenga (246788958)}} Webigu waa {{convert|325|km}} dhererkiisu. Wuxuu muhiim u yahay sidii waddo gaadiid oo maxalli ah. Hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee dhaqaale ee webiga ku teedsan waa kalluumeysiga iyo soo saarista khamriga timirta.{{sfn|Libenga – Ramsar}} == Taariikh == Qofkii ugu horreeyay ee reer Yurub ah ee sahamiya webiga wuxuu ahaa [[Alphonse van Gèle]], Noofembar-Diseembar 1886.{{sfn|Janssens|Cateaux|1908|p=172}} == Goobta Ramsar == Libenga [[Ramsar site|goobta Ramsar]] waxay ku fidsan tahay dhererka Webiga Libenga waxaana ku jira dhul-badeedyada labada dhinac ee webiga, durdurro yaryar, dhul-bannaannada fatahaadda, iyo kaymaha dhoobada ah. Sannadkii 2000 ma jirin qorshe maamul oo rasmi ah, laakiin ilaalin yar ayaa lagu bixiyay xilliyada ugaarsiga ee xaddidan iyo ka faa'iideysiga qaybo ka mid ah aagagga oo ku xaddidan dadka deggan qabiilka. Webigu wuxuu u adeegaa sidii hoy loogu talagalay [[hippopotamus|jeerka]] si ay uga baxsadaan khataraha ay kala kulmaan Ubangi. Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo kalluun ah oo endemic ah iyo kuwa socdaala. Dowladdu waxay bilowday barnaamij lagu xaddidayo noocyada biyaha soo duulay 1998. [[marabou stork|shimbiraha marabou]] iyo [[pelican|pelicans]]-ka socdaala waxay isticmaalaan bannaannada ku hareeraysan webiga, sida ay sameeyaan [[African forest buffalo|maroodi-biyoodyada]] socdaala.{{sfn|Libenga – Ramsar}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |first1=Édouard |first2=Albert |url=https://archive.org/details/lesbelgesaucongo01jans/page/n209/mode/2up?q=vangele |pages=167–182 |last1=Janssens |last2=Cateaux |title=Les Belges au Congo: notices biographiques |location=Antwerp |publisher=J. van Hille-De Backer |year=1908}} *{{citation |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1743 |accessdate=2020-09-02 |title=Libenga |publisher=Ramsar Sites Information Service |ref={{harvid|Libenga – Ramsar}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/246788958#map=13/2.8054/17.9808 |accessdate=2020-09-02 |title=Way: Ibenga (246788958) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Way: Ibenga (246788958)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} l6v2il1nik1hb54ewzbf96kycq4t3eg 0 48038 299604 2026-06-26T15:54:38Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Djoué | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = Le pont du Djoué.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Laba taksi oo maraya buundada Djoué ee dul marta webiga Djoué ee Brazzaville ee Pool | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]] | mouth_location = [[Brazzaville]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-4.310509|15.228197|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = Madzia | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Djoué''' waa webi ku yaalla Jamhuuriyadda Congo. Waa gacan-biyoodka midig ee [[Webiga Congo]]. == Marin-biyoodka == Webiga Djoué wuxuu ka soo askumaa [[Pool Department]] oo waqooyi ka xigta [[Mayama (town)|Mayama]], wuxuuna maraa magaaladaas. Ka dib wuxuu raacaa marin koonfur-bari ah oo qaloocan isagoo mara [[Ngoma-Tsétse]] ee [[Brazzaville Department]] iyo galbeedka magaalada [[Brazzaville]], wuxuuna galaa Congo halka uu ka baxo [[Pool Malebo]].{{sfn|Relation: Djoué (1197781)}} Webigu wuxuu maraa Biyo-dhaca Kintamo ee afkiisa, kaas oo sahamiyihii Ingiriiska ahaa ee [[Henry Morton Stanley]] uu 12 Maarso 1877 ku tilmaamay inuu leeyahay qurux cajiib ah oo dhif ah in la barbar dhigo.{{sfn|Monuments : Brazzaville.cg}} == Goobta Ramsar == Afkiisa webigu wuxuu maraa {{convert|2500|ha}} [[Ramsar site|goobta Ramsar]] no.1857, Les Rapides du Congo-Djoué. Waxaa ku jira biyo-dhacyo, webiyo joogto ah iyo kuwo ku meel gaar ah, dhul-badeedyo, jasiirado kayn ah iyo balliyo kalluumeysi. Waxaa goobta ku yaalla saddex jasiiradood oo kayn ah. Mid ka mid ah, Île du Diable, waa hoyga shimbiro badan. Marin-biyoodyadu waxay taageeraan kalluunka iyo dulin-biyoodyada, waana goob dhalmo. In kasta oo ay sharcigu ilaaliyo, ma jiro qorshe maamul oo meesha yaalla, goobtana waxaa loo isticmaalaa beeraha suuqa, kalluumeysiga iyo goosashada [[palm oil|saliidda timirta]] khamriga.{{sfn|Les Rapides du Congo-Djoué}} == Tayada biyaha == Falanqaynta biyaha oo looga golleeyahay in lagu go'aamiyo daaweynta loo baahan yahay si looga dhigo kuwo la cabbi karo ayaa lagu ogaaday pH la aqbali karo oo ah 7.5, laakiin turbiditi (daruurnaan) ah 15 NTU: biyuhu aad bay u dhoobo badan yihiin.{{sfn|Andzi Barhé|Safou Tchiama|Bouaka|2013|p=621}} Biyuhu waa jilicsan yihiin, waxayna leeyihiin heerar hoose oo wasakhaysan aan organic ahayn marka laga reebo ions phosphate.{{sfn|Andzi Barhé|Safou Tchiama|Bouaka|2013|p=622}} Waxaa lagu nadiifin karaa [[calcium hypochlorite]] waxaana lagu caddeyn karaa [[calcium sulfate]] iyo [[Lime (material)|lime]].{{sfn|Andzi Barhé|Safou Tchiama|Bouaka|2013|p=328}} == Korontada biyaha == [[File:Djoue Dam.png|thumb|273x273px|Sawirka biya-xireenka Djoue]] Waxaa jira biya-xireen cufisjiid ah oo leh {{convert|24|m}} madax iyo warshad koronto oo biyaha laga dhaliyo oo ku taal webiga wax ka yar {{convert|10|km}} u jirta bartamaha magaalada, oo la dhisay 1950-meeyadii. Maarso 2013 Andritz Hydro Switzerland ayaa la siiyay qandaraas lagu dayactirayo lana cusboonaysiinayo HPP Djoué. Warshadda korontadu waxay ka baxday shaqada ilaa Abriil 2007, markii qolka xakamaynta uu fatahay, kanaalka tailrace-ka ayaana gebi ahaanba ku soo dhoobay fatahaadaha laba jeer sannadkii ee Webiga Congo. Warshadda la cusboonaysiiyay waxay bixin doontaa 2 x 9.06MW.{{sfn|Djoué - Clean energy for green Brazzaville}} == Xusuusin == {{notelist}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276286675_Physicochemical_Characterization_Chlorination_and_Flocculation_of_Waters_of_the_River_Djoue_Congo-Brazzaville |last1=Andzi Barhé |first1=T. |first2=Rodrigue |last2=Safou Tchiama |first3=Fulbert |last3=Bouaka |title=Physicochemical Characterization, Chlorination and Flocculation of Waters of the River Djoue (Congo-Brazzaville) |date=July 2013 |issn=2278-3229 |publisher=Marien Ngouabi University |journal=International Journal of Green and Herbal Chemistry |volume= 2 |issue=3 |pages=618–630}} *{{citation |url=https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hydro-news-24/hy-news-24-11-djoue-hydro |accessdate=2020-09-06 |publisher=Andritz |title=Djoué - Clean energy for green Brazzaville, Republic of Congo |ref={{harvid|Djoué - Clean energy for green Brazzaville}} }} *{{citation |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1857 |accessdate=2020-09-06 |title=Les Rapides du Congo-Djoué |publisher=Ramsar Sites Information Service |ref={{harvid|Les Rapides du Congo-Djoué}} }} *{{citation |url=https://brazzaville.cg/en/monuments |accessdate=2020-09-06 |title=Monuments |work=Brazzaville.cg |ref={{harvid|Monuments : Brazzaville.cg}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1197781#map=12/-4.3062/15.2222 |accessdate=2020-09-06 |title=Relation: Djoué (1197781) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Relation: Djoué (1197781)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} fbdwag7n9ylsk4xngp6km6f3e3t76wh 0 48039 299606 2026-06-26T15:57:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bouenza | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = File:Kouilou-Niari River OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = Dooxada Webiga Kouilou-Niari | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Niari River|Webiga Niari]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-4.186550|13.821485|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Kouilou-Niari River|Webiga Kouilou-Niari]] | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Bouenza''' waa webi ku yaalla Jamhuuriyadda Congo. Waa gacan-biyoodka midig ee [[Webiga Niari]]. Wuxuu quudiyaa [[Warshadda Korontada Biyaha ee Moukoukoulou]]. == Marin-biyoodka == Webiga Bouenza wuxuu qaloocdaa inta badan marin-biyoodkiisa. Qaybta waqooyi ee webiga waxay u qulqushaa jihada koonfur-galbeed, iyadoo samaynaysa xuduudka u dhexeeya gobollada [[Lékoumou Department|Lékoumou]] iyo [[Pool Department|Pool]]. Hoos u sii qulqulaya wuxuu u socdaa koonfur-bari ka dibna koonfur isagoo maraya [[Bouenza Department]] ilaa uu ka gaaro isku-biiriddiisa Niari oo ku taal magaalada Kimpombo.{{sfn|Way: Bouenza (78550472)}} == Taariikh == Sannadkii 1883 Kabtankii Belgian-ka ahaa ee [[Edmond Hanssens]] wuxuu aasaasay saldhigga Philippeville xadka dhulalka la siiyay [[Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza]].{{sfn|Engels|1946}} Saldhigga waxaa lagu aasaasay isku-biiridda webiyada Bouenza iyo Niari iyadoo la matalayo danaha Belgian-ka ee hoos yimaada Guddiga Daraasadda Haut Congo.{{sfn|Moundza|2017|p=26}} Hawlgalku wuxuu ahaa mid ka jawaabaya walaac uu qabay boqor [[Leopold II of Belgium]] in reer Portugal ay kaga adkaan karaan sheegashadooda ah inay gacanta ku hayaan afka [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]]. Haddii taasi dhacdo, Belgium waxay u baahan lahayd waddo ay uga baxdo Atlantic-ga oo waqooyi ka xigta [[Loango, Republic of Congo|Loango]].{{sfn|Engels|1946}} == Korontada biyaha == Warshadda korontada biyaha ee 74-MW Moukoukoulou ee ku taal Webiga Bouenza waa tii ugu muhiimsanayd dalka. Waxaa dhisay farsamayaqaanno Shiineys ah sannadkii 1974. Intii lagu jiray dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1999 warshadda ayaa waxyeello soo gaartay, tan iyo markaasna waxay bixisay 25 MW oo kaliya. Bishii Maajo 2007 Madaxweyne [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]] wuxuu booqday Moukoukoulou, halkaas oo dhammaan afar matoor-dhaliye oo turbine ah dib loogu soo celiyay qiimo dhan 12 milyan oo US dollar, inkasta oo shaqadii transformers-ka aysan wali dhammaystirnayn. Waxyeellada shabakadda gudbinta ayaa ka horjoogsanaysay awooddeeda inay gaarto [[Brazzaville]], oo ku tiirsanayd korontada ka timaada warshadaha Inga ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo.{{sfn|Congo Republic restores 74-MW Moukoukoulou}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/2007/05/07/congo-republic-restores-74-mw-moukoukoulou/#gref |access-date=2020-09-07 |work=Hydro Review |title=Congo Republic restores 74-MW Moukoukoulou |ref={{harvid|Congo Republic restores 74-MW Moukoukoulou}} |date=7 May 2007}} *{{citation |chapter-url=http://www.kaowarsom.be/fr/notices_hanssens_edmond_winnie_victor |access-date=2020-09-06 |date=23 December 1946 |pages=col. 479–493 |last=Engels |first=A. |publisher=Inst. roy. colon. belge |title=Biographie Coloniale Belge |chapter=HANSSENS (Edmond-Winnie-Victor) |volume=I}} *{{citation |last=Moundza|first=Patrice|title=Géographie du Congo: Mélanges offerts au Professeur Bonaventure Maurice Mengho |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UiJFDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA26|access-date=2020-09-07|date=2017-03-15|publisher=Editions L'Harmattan|isbn=978-2-14-003259-2}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/78550472#map=16/-4.1894/13.8242 |access-date=2020-09-07 |title=Way: Bouenza (78550472) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Way: Bouenza (78550472)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} oo463zku052pjtnk05ndeb1wrovi6l1 0 48040 299608 2026-06-26T15:59:07Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ndji | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Central African Republic | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Haute-Kotto]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|238|km}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|7.333333|21.516667}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Kotto River|Webiga Kotto]] | mouth_location = [[Bria]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|6.796609|22.261974|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Ndji''', ama '''Webiga Ndgii''', '''Webiga Dji''', '''Webiga Kpéo''', waa webi ku yaalla Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe. Waa gacan-biyoodka bidix ee [[Webiga Kotto]]. == Astaamaha == Webiga Ndji waa {{convert|238|km}} dhererkiisu. Wuxuu ka soo askumaa bariga banka ciidda Pata wuxuuna maraa banka bari ka hor inta uusan ka gudbin. Isha uu ka soo askumo ee {{coord|7|20|0|N|21|31|0|E}} waxay jooggeedu yahay {{convert|725|m}}. Wuxuu hoos ugu dhacaa {{convert|158|m}} ilaa afkiisa uu ka galo Kotto ee {{coord|6|48|0|N|22|16|0|E}} jooggeedu yahay {{convert|567|m}}.{{sfn|Boulvert|1987|p=30}} Sahamiyihii Belgian-ka ahaa ee [[Léon Hanolet]] wuxuu u safray dooxada webiga Bali (Mbali) iyo sare ee [[Kotto River|Webiga Kotto]] 1894, isagoo raacaya waddadii safarradii Carabta.{{sfn|Boulvert|2019|p=178}} Safaradiisii waxay gaareen Dabago oo ku taal {{coord|6|58|0|N|23|10|0|E}} oo ku taal Webiga Ndji. Wuxuu ku tilmaamay dalka inuu yahay mid siman, mararka qaarkoodna wuxuu socon jiray lix saacadood isagoon ka gudbin durdur.{{sfn|Boulvert|2019|p=181}} == Deegaanka == Webigu waa hoyga ''Syncerus caffer aequinoctialis'' oo ka mid ah hoosaadka [[African buffalo|maroodi-biyoodka Afrika]].{{sfn|Smitz|Berthouly |Cornélis |Heller|2013}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/39869399.pdf |accessdate=2020-12-23 |last=Boulvert |first=Y. |title=Republique Centrafricaine Carte oro-hydrographique |publisher=ORSTOM |year=1987}} *{{citation |url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers19-06/010076007.pdf |accessdate=2020-12-23 |last=Boulvert |first=Yves |year=2019 |title=Explorations en Afrique Centrale 1790-1930 Apports des explorateurs à la connaissance du milieu}} *{{citation |date=21 February 2013 |last1=Smitz|first1=Nathalie |first2=Cécile |last2=Berthouly |first3=Daniel |last3=Cornélis |first4=Rasmus |last4=Heller |first5=Pim |last5=Van Hooft |first6=Philippe |last6=Chardonnet |first7=Alexandre |last7=Caron |first8=Herbert |last8=Prins |first9=Bettine |last9=Jansen van Vuuren |first10=Hans |last10=De Iongh |first11=Johan |last11=Michaux |title=Pan-African Genetic Structure in the African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer): Investigating Intraspecific Divergence |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=e56235 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0056235.g006|pmid=23437100 |pmc=3578844 |doi-access=free}} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ndji River}} k5n74asvdxj4ppom4q8x4kqu3lh15a8 0 48041 299609 2026-06-26T16:01:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299609 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ubangirivermap.png|upright=1.3|thumb|Dooxada Webiga Oubangui oo ay ku taal Mpoko (dhexda bidix)]] '''Webiga Mpoko''' waa webi ku yaalla [[Central African Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]]. Waa [[tributary|gacan-biyoodka]] [[Ubangi River|Webiga Oubangui]]. Webigu wuxuu ku yaallaa meel u dhow [[Bangui]], oo ah caasimadda [[Central African Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]]. == Sharaxaad == Waa gacan-biyood yar oo ka mid ah webiga Oubangui, kaas oo ah gacan-biyoodka webiga ka sii weyn ee [[Congo River|Webiga Congo]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bouillon|first1=Steven|last2=Yambélé|first2=Athanase|last3=Gillikin|first3=David P.|last4=Teodoru|first4=Cristian|last5=Darchambeau|first5=François|last6=Lambert|first6=Thibault|last7=Borges|first7=Alberto V.|date=2014-05-01|title=Contrasting biogeochemical characteristics of right-bank tributaries of the Oubangui River, and a comparison with the mainstem river (Congo basin, Central African Republic).|journal=EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts|bibcode=2014EGUGA..16.2774B|volume=16|pages=2774|url=http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/jspui/handle/2268/168012}}</ref> Webiga Mpoko wuxuu daboolaa 23,900&nbsp;km² oo dhul ah iyo 86% [[savanna]] ah.<ref name="Bianchi 2014">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nRdaAQAAQBAJ&dq=mpoko+river&pg=PA569|title=Biogeochemical Dynamics at Major River-Coastal Interfaces: Linkages with Global Change|last1=Bianchi|first1=Thomas|authorlink1=Thomas S. Bianchi |last2=Allison|first2=Mead|last3=Cai|first3=Wei-Jun|date=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107022577|language=en}}</ref> Wuxuu ka bilaabmaa waqooyi-galbeed ee caasimadda, Bangui, wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur-bari ilaa isku-biiriddooda u dhow Bangui. Wuxuu qallajiyaa nidaam deegaan oo ay ku badan tahay savanna.<ref name="Bianchi 2014" /> == Taariikhda ku xeeran Webiga Mpoko == Laga bilaabo 1899, Faransiisku waxay siiyeen komishannada dhulka ee [[French Congo]] 39 shirkadood. Shirkaduhu waxay ahayd inay bixiyaan lacago royalties ah oo la siinayo [[France]] ujeedadooduna ahayd ururinta [[Natural rubber|caagga dabiiciga ah]] iyo [[ivory|fool-maroodiga]]. Mid ka mid ah shirkadaha heshiiska qaatay oo la odhan jiray "La Mpoko" ayaa la aasaasay Luulyo 10, 1899 iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in laga faa'iidaysto heshiis daboolay dooxada Webiga Mpoko iyo gacan-biyoodyada kale. Guilbrand Schiötz ayaa loo magacaabay madaxa shirkadda ee Bimbo, 1906 Gaston Guibet ayaa loo magacaabay madaxa. Hogaamiyihii dadka Bouriki ayaa u yimid Guibet isagoo cabasho wata, rag hubeysan oo shirkadda ka tirsan ayaa tuuladiisa ka dalbanayay caag badan waxayna geysanayeen dambiyo rabshado wata. Sannadkii 1907 Guibet wuxuu u sheegay maamulka garsoorka ee maxalliga ah dambiyada ay geysteen wakiillada hoos yimaada La Mpoko. Wakiilladu waxay dumar u kaxaysan jireen lahaystayaal iyagoo dalbanaya kootada caagga qaarkood waxayna garaaci jireen oo dili jireen dad badan sabab la'aan. Wakiillada halkaas jooga ayaa inta badan kufsan jiray haweenka inta raggu ay shaqo u maqan yihiin. Schiötz wuxuu iska casilay xilkii wuxuuna ka tagay Afrika 1907 isla markii uu Guibet bilaabay baaritaan. Guddoomiyaha sare ee Faransiiska Congo [[Émile Gentil|Èmile Gentil]] wuxuu ka codsaday Paris inay xirto La Mpoko laakiin waa la diiday, wasiirka Paris-na wuxuu sheegay in habraacyada sharciga ah ee ka dhanka ah macaamiisha shirkadda ay tahay in marka hore la dhammaystiro. Abriil 29, 1909 xeer-ilaaliye ku sugan [[Brazzaville]] ayaa bixiyay xukun ka xoreeyay shirkadda iyo macaamiisha dambiyadooda. Sumcad-xumadeeda darteed heshiiskii La Mpoko waa laga noqday 1910 shirkaddana waa la dareeriyay Febraayo 1911.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aSxIDAAAQBAJ&dq=mpoko+river&pg=PA462|title=Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic|last1=Bradshaw|first1=Richard|last2=Fandos-Rius|first2=Juan|date=2016-05-27|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9780810879928|language=en}}</ref> Dooni sidday 300+ qof oo ku sii jeeday aaska tuulo madaxeedka [[2024 Bangui river disaster|ayaa rogmatay]] xeebaha Webiga Mpoko 19 Abriil 2024 sababo la xiriira culayska badan iyo xaaladda liidata ee doonida.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ngoulou |first1=Fridolin |title=Centrafrique : Plusieurs dizaines de morts suite au naufrage d’une baleinière à Bangui |url=https://oubanguimedias.com/2024/04/20/centrafrique-plusieurs-dizaines-de-morts-suite-au-naufrage-dune-baleiniere-a-bangui/ |website=oubanguimedias.com |publisher=Oubangui Medias |access-date=23 April 2024}}</ref> == Turbidity (Daruurnaanta) == Webiga Mpoko ayaa laga helay heerar sare oo TSM ah (total suspended matter), qiyaastii 78.0&nbsp;mg ^L−1 taas oo ka duwan heerar hoose oo u dhexeeya 0.7–16.0&nbsp;mg L⁻¹ oo ka yimaada webiyada ay ku badan yihiin kaymaha roobabku.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bouillon|first1=Steven|last2=Yambélé|first2=Athanase|last3=Gillikin|first3=David P.|last4=Teodoru|first4=Cristian|last5=Darchambeau|first5=François|last6=Lambert|first6=Thibault|last7=Borges|first7=Alberto V.|date=2014-06-23|title=Contrasting biogeochemical characteristics of the Oubangui River and tributaries (Congo River basin)|journal=Scientific Reports|language=En|volume=4|issue=1|pages=5402|doi=10.1038/srep05402|pmid=24954525|pmc=4066439|issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free}}</ref> Heerarka TSM waxay muujinayaan sida ay biyaha webiga u cad yihiin. Nidaamka deegaanka savanna ee ku hareeraysan awgiis, tayada biyaha ee Webiga Mpoko waa mid aad u [[Turbidity|daruur ah]] (turbid) lamana talinayo in la cabo. == Tixraacyo == <references /> {{coord|04|19|27|N|18|32|32|E|display=title|region:CAR_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} hxufujwapv79f6fo03q3ot6x0bjzph0 0 48042 299610 2026-06-26T16:03:48Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Mbari | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Central African Republic | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Central African Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{convert|450|km}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Mbomou River|Webiga Mbomou]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|4.574672|22.727885|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|23600|km2}} | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Mbari''' waa webi ku yaalla [[Central African Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]]. Waa gacan-biyoodka midig ee [[Mbomou River|Webiga Mbomou]] aan ka fogayn waqooyiga meesha uu Mbomou kaga biiro [[Uele River|Webiga Uele]] si ay u sameeyaan [[Ubangi River|Webiga Ubangi]]. == Deegaanka == Webiga Mbari waa dhidibka ugu weyn ee biyaha ee [[Mbomou plateau|bannaanka Mbomou]]. Waa qiyaastii {{convert|450|km}} dhererkiisu, wuxuuna ku qulqulaa jihada NE-SW isagoo dhex mara bannaanka alluvial ee ballac ahaan u dhan {{convert|2|-|3|km}}. Wuxuu qallajiyaa aag dhan {{convert|23600|km2}}. Bannaanku wuxuu leeyahay joog dhan {{convert|500|-|700|m}}, waxyar oo u janjeera koonfurta, oo ku yaalla kor u kaca Asande ee u dhexeeya niyad-jabka [[Lake Chad|Harada Chad]] oo dhanka waqooyi ah iyo [[Congo Basin|Dooxada Congo]] oo dhanka koonfureed ah.{{sfn|Runge|2013|p=70}} Daraasad la daabacay 2002 ayaa lagu helay calaamado muujinaya in dhirta kayntu ay beddelayso dhirta savanna ee dooxada Mbari, qayb ahaan sababtoo ah roobabka sannadlaha ah oo ku filan, inta jeer ee dabka duurka oo yaraaday iyo u guurista dadka miyiga ah ee ka fog gobolka sababtoo ah dhibaatada dhaqaale ee Afrika Dhexe.{{sfn|Runge|2002|p=67}} [[African wild dog|Eeyaha duurjoogta ah ee Afrika]] ayaa lagu diiwaan geliyay koonfurta CAR ee [[Chinko River|Chinko]]/Mbari [[drainage basin|dooxada biyaha]] 2013.{{sfn|Hickisch|Aebischer|2013|p=8-11}} == Taariikh == Qabiilka Bandia wuxuu ka go'ay qabiilka Abaza horraantii qarnigii 17-aad. Waxay gacanta ku hayeen dhul ballaaran oo u dhexeeya [[Uele River|Webiga Uele]] iyo [[Mbomou River|Webiga Mbomou]].{{sfn|Bradshaw|Fandos-Rius|2016|p=52}} Rubucdii ugu dambeysay ee qarnigii 18-aad mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaashooda, Ndounga, ayaa aasaasay waxa noqday boqortooyada Bangassou ee dadka Nzakara ee webiga Mbari. Walaalkiis Kassanga ayaa aasaasay waxa noqday boqortooyada Rafai ee ku taal Webiga Chinko. Boqortooyooyinkani waxay ku barwaaqoobeen qarnigii 19-aad iyagoo ka qaybqaadanayay ganacsiga addoonta ee koraya, sidaas darteedna uga fogaanayay duulaannada ay qaadayaan ganacsatada addoontu.{{sfn|Bradshaw|Fandos-Rius|2016|p=95}} 1880-meeyadii hogaamiye Bangassou, oo reer Beljamku u yeeri jireen Sultan Bangassou, ayaa bilaabay inuu ka helo qoryaha wakiillada Congo Free State, wuxuuna u adeegsaday kuwaas si uu u ballaariyo awooddiisa. Janaayo wuxuu u rarray saldhiggiisii meesha uu Mbari ka galo Bangassou.{{sfn|Bradshaw|Fandos-Rius|2016|p=97}}{{efn|Magaalada casriga ah ee [[Bangassou]] waxay ku taal dhinaca midig ee Bangassou kor ka xigta isku-biiridda Mbari.{{sfn|Relation: Mbari}} Waxaa suurtogal ah in afka Mbari uu dhaqaaqay tan iyo markii magaalada la aasaasay.}} Belgian [[Alphonse van Gèle]] wuxuu aasaasay saldhigga [[Yakoma, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Yakoma]] ee [[Ubangi River|Webiga Ubangi]] 31 Maajo 1890. Bangassou ayaa u booqday halkaas 14 Juun 1890 wuxuuna saxiixay heshiis dhigaya boqortooyadiisa Nzakara ilaalinta Congo Free State si uu u helo badeecooyin ganacsi, hub iyo taageero milatari oo ka yimaada reer Yurub. Wuxuu ka iibiyay xaddi badan oo fool-maroodi ah wakiillada Congo Free State.{{sfn|Bradshaw|Fandos-Rius|2016|p=97}} 1894 Belgian [[Léon Hanolet]] ayaa kor u qaaday Webiga Bari halka [[Théodore Nilis]] iyo Charles de la Kethulle ay kor u qaadeen [[Chinko River|Webiga Chinko]], oo ah gacan-biyood kale oo Bomu ah.{{sfn|Ergo|2013|p=2}} == Xusuusin == {{notelist}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |last1=Bradshaw|first1=Richard|last2=Fandos-Rius|first2=Juan|title=Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aSxIDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA52 |access-date=29 August 2020|date=27 May 2016|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-0-8108-7992-8}} *{{citation |url=http://abergo1.e-monsite.com/medias/files/postes-fortifies-de-l-uele-fl-1.pdf |access-date=2020-08-27 |chapter=Les postes fortifiés de la frontière Nord de l’État Indépendant du Congo |last=Ergo |first=André-Bernard |title=Histoire du Congo |year=2013 |archive-date=2022-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525123939/http://abergo1.e-monsite.com/medias/files/postes-fortifies-de-l-uele-fl-1.pdf |url-status=dead }} *{{citation |last1=Hickisch |first1=R. |last2=Aebischer |first2=T. |year=2013 |title=Evidence of African wild dogs in the Central African Republic |journal=Canid Biology and Conservation |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=8–11 |url=http://www.canids.org/collections/16/wild_dogs_in_CAR.pdf}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/3250000#map=9/5.2906/23.1125 |access-date=2020-08-29 |title=Relation: Mbari |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Relation: Mbari}} }} *{{citation |title=Holocene landscape history and palaeohydrology evidenced by stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis of alluvial sediments in the Mbari valley (5°N/23°E), Central African Republic |last=Runge |first=Juergen |year=2002 |journal= CATENA |volume=48 |pages=67–87 |doi=10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00010-3}} *{{citation |last=Runge|first=Juergen|title=New Studies on Former and Recent Landscape Changes in Africa: Palaeoecology of Africa 32|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FToTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA70 |access-date=29 August 2020|date=15 November 2013|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-138-00116-9}} {{refend}} {{authority control}} am5p4hoxwktslx9bccpx6v3f76f3bw2 0 48043 299611 2026-06-26T16:05:43Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Lobaye | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = Zentralafrikanische-republik-karte-politisch-lobaye.png | map_size = | map_caption = Galbeedka Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe oo muujinaysa degmada iyo webiga Lobaye | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Central African Republic | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Central African Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|538|km}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Ubangi River|Webiga Ubangi]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|3.675661|18.585761|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Lobaye''' (ama '''Lobay''', {{langx|fr|Rivière Lobaye}}) waa webi ku yaalla [[Central African Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]], waana gacan-biyoodka midig ee [[Ubangi River|Webiga Ubangi]]. == Marin-biyoodka == Webiga Lobaye wuxuu ku samaysmaa galbeedka dalka, degmada [[Nana-Mambéré]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa guud ahaan jihada koonfur-bari isagoo maraya [[Mambéré-Kadéï]] iyo [[Lobaye]] ilaa isku-biiriddiisa Ubangi.{{sfn|Relation: Lobaye (1188746)}} Lobaye waxay qallajisaa qayb ka mid ah bannaanka ciidda Carnot. Waxaa jira awood horumarineed oo korontada biyaha ah, gaar ahaan qaybta u dhexeysa afka Mbaéré iyo biyo-dhaca Loko-Safa.{{sfn|Callède|Boulvert|Thiébaux|2009|p=34}} Lobaye waa {{convert|538|km}} dhererkiisu, oo leh jiirada celcelis ahaan {{convert|1.25|m/km}}.{{sfn|Callède|Boulvert|Thiébaux|2009|p=37}} Wuxuu ka soo askumaa meel u dhow [[Bouar]] joogga qiyaastii {{convert|1040|m}}, marin-biyoodkiisa sare waxaa loo yaqaan Webiga Bali ilaa [[Baoro]]. Qaybta sare ayaa marka hore ah mid duufaan leh, laakiin ka dib xoogaa dhibco ah oo ku yaalla {{convert|78|km}} xagga isha wuxuu u qulqulaa dooxada ballaaran ee U-qaabka ah.{{sfn|Callède|Boulvert|Thiébaux|2009|p=35}} Qaybta hoose waa mid la dhex mari karo (navigation) ku dhowaad {{convert|118|km}}, isagoo dhex maraya kaynta dhulbaraha.{{sfn|Callède|Boulvert|Thiébaux|2009|p=34}} == Taariikh == Mid ka mid ah reer Yurubtii ugu horreeyay ee sahamiya webiga wuxuu ahaa Belgian-kii [[Alphonse van Gèle]], bishii Nofeembar–Disembar 1886.{{sfn|Janssens|Cateaux|1908|p=172}} Bishii Luulyo 25, 1901 hawlgal uu hoggaaminayay maamulihii gumeysiga M. Dessirier de Paulwel, oo wata 30 maleeshiyo iyo 65 xambaare, ayaa ka tagay [[Bangui]] waxayna ka gudbeen dhulka [[Bonjo]] si ay u gaaraan [[Loko, Central African Republic|Loko]] oo ku taal Webiga Lobay 1 Sebtembar 1901. Hawlgalku ka dib wuxuu u aaday waqooyi xagga saldhigga [[Carnot, Central African Republic|Carnot]] ee ku yaalla [[Sangha River|Webiga Sangha]], kaas oo la gaaray 20 Oktoobar 1901. Dessirier de Paulwel wuxuu soo gabagabeeyay in Webiga M'Bali uusan ahayn, sida loo maleeyay, qaybta sare ee [[Likouala-aux-Herbes River|Webiga Likouala-aux-Herbes]], oo ah gacan-biyoodka webiga Sangha ee hoose, laakiin uu qayb ka ahaa Webiga Lobay. Khariidadda Hansen webiga waxaa lagu muujiyay inuu qulqulay {{convert|80|km}} dhanka bari ee Sangha, laakiin dhab ahaantii wuxuu ahaa oo kaliya {{convert|40|km}} u jira saldhigga Carnot.{{sfn|Afrique Congo francais 1902|p=235}} Shirkadda ''Compagnie des Caoutchoucs et Produits de la Lobay'' (Shirkadda Caagga iyo Alaabada ee Lobay) ayaa la aasaasay 1899.{{sfn|Leger|p=1}} Shirkaddu waxay fadhigeedu ahaa Paris waxayna lahayd 2 milyan oo faranqiga raasumaal ah. Agaasimayaashu waxay ahaayeen Albert Motte, Léon Motte-Bossut, Ignace Cauvez iyo Ernest Grisar. Heshiisku wuxuu daboolay {{convert|32400|km2}} oo ka mid ah dooxada Lobay.{{sfn|Leger|p=2}} Hawluhu waxay ku jireen dhammaan hawlaha beeraha, kaymaha, macdanta, warshadaha, ganacsiga, iwm. ee loogu talagalay in lagu dhiirigeliyo heshiiskan ama lagu fududeeyo ka faa'iidaysigiisa.{{sfn|Leger|p=4}} 1910 shirkadda waxaa la wareegay Ékela-Kadei-Sangha, waxayna noqotay qayb ka mid ah Compagnie forestière Sangha-Oubangui.{{sfn|Leger|p=6}} == Ilaalinta == Kaydka Biyosphere-ka ee Basse-Lobaye ayaa ilaaliya qayb ka mid ah kaynta oo ku taal qaybta hoose ee webiga. Waxay leedahay aag dhan {{convert|18,200|ha}}. Ma jirto aag buffer ah. Dhirta waa kayn cufan oo [[semi-deciduous]] ah oo kuleyl ah, kayn yar oo leh understory xiran, badanaaba [[gallery forest]]. Waxaa jira xerooyin Pygmy ah oo kala firidhsan. Dhaqaaluhu wuxuu ku salaysan yahay beeraha, ugaarsiga, kalluumeysiga iyo ururinta [[non-timber forest products|alaabada kaynta ee aan alwaax ahayn]].{{sfn|Basse-Lobaye Biosphere Reserve, UNESCO}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://archive.org/details/bulletingeo37sociuoft/page/n247/mode/2up |accessdate=2020-09-03 |year=1902 |language=fr |title=Afrique Congo francais |journal=Bulletin |publisher=Société de géographie de Lille |ref={{harvid|Afrique Congo francais 1902}} }} *{{citation |url=https://en.unesco.org/biosphere/africa/basse-lobaye |accessdate=2020-09-03 |title=Basse-Lobaye Biosphere Reserve, Central African Republic |date=17 December 2019 |publisher=UNESCO |ref={{harvid|Basse-Lobaye Biosphere Reserve, UNESCO}} }} *{{citation |url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers16-07/010050233.pdf |accessdate=2020-09-03 |title=Le Bassin De L'oubangui |last1=Callède |first1=J. |first2=Y. |last2=Boulvert |first3=J-P. |last3=Thiébaux |isbn=978-2-7099-1680-6 |year=2009 |location=Marseille}} *{{citation |first1=Édouard |first2=Albert |url=https://archive.org/details/lesbelgesaucongo01jans/page/n209/mode/2up?q=vangele |pages=167–182 |last1=Janssens |last2=Cateaux |title=Les Belges au Congo: notices biographiques |location=Antwerp |publisher=J. van Hille-De Backer |year=1908}} *{{citation |url=http://www.entreprises-coloniales.fr/afrique-equatoriale/Caoutchoucs&produits_Lobay.pdf |accessdate=2020-09-03 |last=Leger |first=Alain Y. |title=Compagnie des Caoutchoucs et Produits de la Lobay (1899–1910) |work=entreprises-coloniales.fr}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1188746#map=7/4.916/17.018 |accessdate=2020-09-02 |title=Relation: Lobaye (1188746) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Relation: Lobaye (1188746)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} 3rairnfmrwj4u4c8y8dzd564t4u5ucc 0 48044 299612 2026-06-26T16:07:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Chinko | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Central African Republic | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|420|km}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|397|m3/s}} at [[Rafai]] | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Mbomou River|Webiga Mbomou]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|4.834715|23.886484|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Congo Basin|Dooxada Congo]] | basin_size = {{convert|52308|km2}} | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Chinko''' (ama '''Webiga Shinko''') waa webi ku yaalla [[Central African Republic|Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]]. Waa gacan-biyoodka midig ee [[Mbomou River|Webiga Mbomou]]. == Deegaanka == Qaybaha sare ee webiga Chinko waxay qeexaan xadka u dhexeeya degmooyinka [[Haute-Kotto]] iyo [[Haut-Mbomou]]. Inta badan dhererkiisa wuxuu u qulqulaa jihada SSW isagoo maraya degmada [[Mbomou]] ilaa isku-biiriddiisa [[Mbomou River|Webiga Mbomou]].{{sfn|Relation: Chinko (3249708)}} Bannaanka Mbomou wuxuu leeyahay joog dhan {{convert|500|-|700|m}}, waxyar oo u janjeera koonfurta, oo ku yaalla kor u kaca Asande ee u dhexeeya niyad-jabka [[Lake Chad|Harada Chad]] oo dhanka waqooyi ah iyo [[Congo Basin|Dooxada Congo]] oo dhanka koonfureed ah.{{sfn|Runge|2013|p=70}} [[Chinko Nature Reserve|Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Chinko]] waa aag la ilaaliyo oo ku yaalla dooxada Webiga Chinko. Waxay daboolaysaa {{convert|17600|km2}}.{{sfn|Woods|2016}} Waxaa maamula ururka ilaalinta deegaanka ee aan macaash doonka ahayn ee [[African Parks]] iyadoo qayb ka ah [[public–private partnership|is-kaashi dadweyne iyo mid gaar ah]] oo konton sano ah oo ay la leeyihiin Wasaaradda Biyaha, Kaymaha, Ugaarsiga iyo Kalluumeysiga.{{sfn|African Parks takes over management ...}}{{sfn|Woods|2016}} [[African wild dog|Eeyaha duurjoogta ah ee Afrika]] ayaa lagu diiwaan geliyay koonfurta CAR ee Chinko/[[Mbari River|Mbari]] [[drainage basin|dooxada biyaha]] 2013.{{sfn|Hickisch|Aebischer|2013|p=8-11}} Iyada oo lagu salaynayo sahan la sameeyay horraantii 2026, Chinko waxaa loo tixgeliyaa mid ka mid ah biyaha ugu nadiifsan Afrika. == Taariikh == Qiyaastii 1800 Kassanga, oo ahaa hoggaamiye Bandia ah, ayaa aasaasay boqortooyo ku taal dooxada Shinko, oo markii dambe loo yaqaanay boqortooyada Rafai.{{sfn|Bradshaw|Fandos-Rius|2016|p=lii}} Kassanga wuxuu ahaa awoowga weyn ee [[Sultan Rafai]].{{sfn|Bradshaw|Fandos-Rius|2016|p=365}} Sarkaal Belgian ah Charles Kéthule de Ryove (1865–1903) ayaa loo xilsaaray sahaminta sare ee Uele bishii Agoosto 1891. Bishii Maarso 1892 wuxuu sahamiyay gobolka u dhexeeya webiyada Mbomou iyo Shinko. Wuxuu la kulmay Sultan Rafai, oo ku dhawaaqay daacadnimadiisa Congo Free State. Kéthule de Ryove wuxuu deggenaa maxkamadda Rafai laga bilaabo 1892 ilaa 1894.{{sfn|Bradshaw|Fandos-Rius|2016|p=367}} Wuxuu ku qoray maqaal 1895 ''Le sultanat de Rafaï'' (''Le Congo illustré'') in ku dhawaad dhammaan dadka deggan ay ku hadli karaan af Carabi, oo ay ku jiraan suldaanka, madaxda iyo askarta.{{sfn|Luffin|2004|p=151}} 1894 Belgian [[Léon Hanolet]] ayaa kor u qaaday [[Mbari River|Webiga Mbari]], oo ah gacan-biyood kale oo Bomu ah, halka [[Théodore Nilis]] uu kor u qaaday Webiga Chinko.{{sfn|Ergo|2013|p=2}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://africageographic.com/blog/african-parks-takes-over-management-of-protected-area-in-central-african-republic/|access-date=12 September 2017 |title=African Parks takes over management of protected area in Central African Republic |ref={{harvid|African Parks takes over management ...}} |date=12 December 2014 |website=Africa Geographic |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401073145/http://africageographic.com/blog/african-parks-takes-over-management-of-protected-area-in-central-african-republic/|archive-date=2015-04-01|url-status=live}} *{{citation |last1=Bradshaw|first1=Richard|last2=Fandos-Rius|first2=Juan|title=Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aSxIDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA52 |access-date=29 August 2020|date=27 May 2016|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-0-8108-7992-8}} *{{citation |url=http://abergo1.e-monsite.com/medias/files/postes-fortifies-de-l-uele-fl-1.pdf |access-date=2020-08-27 |chapter=Les postes fortifiés de la frontière Nord de l’État Indépendant du Congo |last=Ergo |first=André-Bernard |title=Histoire du Congo |year=2013 |archive-date=2022-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525123939/http://abergo1.e-monsite.com/medias/files/postes-fortifies-de-l-uele-fl-1.pdf |url-status=dead }} *{{citation |last1=Hickisch |first1=R. |last2=Aebischer |first2=T. |year=2013 |title=Evidence of African wild dogs in the Central African Republic |journal=Canid Biology and Conservation |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=8–11 |url=http://www.canids.org/CBC/16/wild_dogs_in_CAR.pdf}} *{{citation |url=https://org.uib.no/smi/sa/15/15Luffin.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418132049/http://org.uib.no/smi/sa/15/15Luffin.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 18, 2016 |access-date=2020-08-27 |journal=Sudanic Africa |volume=15 |year=2004 |pages=145-177 |last=Luffin|first=Xavier|title=The Use Of Arabic As A Written Language In Central Africa The Case Of The Uele Basin (Northern Congo) In The Late Nineteenth Century}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/3249708 |access-date=2020-08-29 |title=Relation: Chinko (3249708) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Relation: Chinko (3249708)}} }} *{{citation |last=Runge|first=Juergen|title=New Studies on Former and Recent Landscape Changes in Africa: Palaeoecology of Africa 32|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FToTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA70 |access-date=29 August 2020|date=15 November 2013|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-138-00116-9}} *{{citation |archive-date=2017-08-08|url-status=live |last1=Woods|first1=Elliott D.|title=The Fight for Chinko|journal=[[Virginia Quarterly Review]]|date=Summer 2016|url=http://www.vqronline.org/reporting-articles/2016/07/fight-chinko |access-date=12 September 2017|publisher=[[University of Virginia]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808093648/http://www.vqronline.org/reporting-articles/2016/07/fight-chinko}} {{refend}} {{authority control}} d4198dryobc2jeilxxj4x0ky1sp0oth 0 48045 299613 2026-06-26T16:10:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Rurata | native_name = <!-- {{native name|<tag>|<name>}} or {{native name list |tag1=<tag>|name1=<name> |tag2=<tag>|name2=<name> ... }} --> | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Burundi | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Gobolka Kirundo]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-2.6094|30.0632|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = }} '''Rurata''' waa marin-biyood ku yaalla [[Burundi]].{{sfn|Rurata geonames}} Wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Gobolka Kirundo]], qaybta waqooyi ee dalka, 120 kiiloomitir dhanka waqooyi-bari ka xigta caasimadda [[Bujumbura]]. == Deegaanka == Hareeraha Rurata waa isku-dhafka dhul-beereed iyo dhir dabiici ah.{{sfn|NASA Land Cover}} Aagga ku xeeran Rurata ayaa si cufan dadku u deggan yihiin, iyadoo ay joogaan 411 qof halkii kiiloomitir laba jibaaran.{{sfn|NASA Population Density}} Cimilada savannaha ayaa ka talisa aagga. Celceliska heerkulka sannadlaha ah ee aagga waa {{convert|20|C}}. Bilaha ugu kulul waa Sebtembar, marka uu celceliska heerkulku yahay {{convert|23|C}}, kan ugu qabow waa Maarso, oo leh {{convert|18|C}}.{{sfn|NASA Data Set Index}} Celceliska roobabka sannadlaha ah waa {{convert|1,170|mm}}. Bisha ugu roobka badan waa Maarso, oo leh celcelis dhan {{convert|178|mm}} oo roob ah, kan ugu qalalan waa Luulyo, oo leh {{convert|1|mm}} oo roob ah.{{sfn|NASA Rainfall}} == Hawlaha == Bishii Febraayo 2014 Wasaaradda Beeraha iyo Xannaanada Xoolaha ayaa soo saartay baaq loogu talagalay tartanka caalamiga ah ee dhismaha tiro ka mid ah shaqooyinka biyaha, oo ay ku jiraan shaqooyinka sahayda biyaha ee kor ku xusan kaydka gacmaha ee Rurata iyo webiyada kale.{{sfn|Avis d’Appel P-Z1-ABO-005b}} Waxay ugu baaqeen tartamo dhismaha qaab-dhismeedka qaadashada iyo sharciyeynta marin-biyoodka Rurata iyo kuwa kale.{{sfn|Avis d’Appel ABO-005}} Sanadkii 2015 waddada RP64 Rurata-Ntega ayaa waxaa dib u dhisay Paiosa, oo ah barnaamijka Iskaashiga Farsamada ee Belgian.{{sfn|Bukeyeneza|Ngabire|2015}} Bishii Sebtembar 2018 waxaa la soo sheegay in dadku ay ka mudaaharaadayeen habka loo dhisayo buundada aagga Rurata, in ka badan saddex bilood ka dib markii la burburiyay. Qandaraaska waxaa la bixiyay iyada oo aan la soo saarin baaq qandaraas, qandaraasluhuna uma qalmin inuu shaqada qabto. Buundadu waxay ku taal waddada qaranka ee [[Bujumbura]]–[[Kirundo]] RN14. Waxay ku taal Rurata, 5 kiiloomitir u jirta isgoyska waddada aada [[Commune of Ntega|degmada Ntega]] iyo midda aada caasimadda [[Commune of Kirundo|degmada Kirundo]].{{sfn|Les habitants de Rurata dénoncent}} Bishii Nofeembar 2021 [[Cyriaque Nshimirimana]], Guddoomiye-ku-xigeenka labaad ee [[Senate of Burundi|Golaha Guurtida ee Burundi]], oo matalayay degmada Kirundo, ayaa la kulmay hoggaamiyeyaasha gobolka ee caasimadda [[Commune of Ntega|degmada Ntega]]. Dhagaystayaashiisa waxaa ka mid ahaa madaxda adeegyada gobolka iyo degmada, madaxda ''colline'', hoggaamiyeyaasha iskaashatooyinka [[Sangwe cooperative|Sangwe]] iyo hoggaamiyeyaasha diinta. Waxa ay dadkii goobjooga ahaa ka walaacsanaayeen waxaa ka mid ahaa baahida loo qabo in la dayactiro waddada Rurata–[[Ntega|Ntega]].{{sfn|La population de la province ... Senat}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist |30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |accessdate=2024-06-13 |url=https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Procurement/Project-related-Procurement/Burundi_-_Projet_d%E2%80%99Appui_aux_Infrastructures_Rurales_de_la_R%C3%A9gion_Naturelle_du_Bugesera__PAIRB__-_Ex%C3%A9cution_des_travaux_d%E2%80%99am%C3%A9nagement_hydro-agricole_-_AOI.pdf |title=Avis d’Appel d’Offres International Projet N° : P-Z1-ABO-005 |ref={{harvid|Avis d’Appel ABO-005}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Procurement/Project-related-Procurement/AOIBurundiPAIRB%20%20%207-12.pdf |accessdate=2024-06-13 |title=Avis d’Appel d’Offres International ouvert PROJET N° P-Z1-ABO-005 |ref={{harvid|Avis d’Appel P-Z1-ABO-005b}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.iwacu-burundi.org/kirundo-vers-laccalmie-politique/ |accessdate=2024-06-13 |work=Iwacu |title=Kirundo : vers l’accalmie politique |last1=Bukeyeneza |first1=Armel-Gilbert |first2=Elyse |last2=Ngabire |date=29 January 2015}} *{{citation |url=https://www.senat.bi/la-population-de-la-province-kirundo-interpellee-a-preserver-la-paix-et-la-securite/ |accessdate=2024-06-08 |date=29 November 2021 |language=fr |title=La population de la province Kirundo interpellée à préserver la paix et la sécurité |publisher=Senate of Burundi |ref={{harvid|La population de la province ... Senat}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.rpa.bi/index.php/mainarchive/item/4664-les-habitants-de-rurata-denoncent-le-clientelisme-dans-l-octroi-du-marche-de-rehabilitation-d-un-pont |accessdate=2024-06-13 |title=Les habitants de Rurata dénoncent le clientélisme dans l’octroi du marché de réhabilitation d’un pont |date=10 September 2018 |ref={{harvid|Les habitants de Rurata dénoncent}} |work=Radio Publique Africaine}} *{{citation |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php |ref={{harvid|NASA Data Set Index}} |title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index |accessdate=30 January 2016 |publisher= NASA |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511075542/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php |archivedate=11 May 2020}} Temperature data from satellite measurements of the earth's surface temperature within a box that is 0.1×0.1 degrees. *{{citation |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1 |ref={{harvid|NASA Land Cover}} |title= NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification |accessdate=30 January 2016 |publisher= NASA/MODIS |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160228161657/http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1 |archivedate= 28 February 2016}} *{{citation |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP |ref={{harvid|NASA Population Density}} |title= NASA Earth Observations: Population Density |accessdate=30 January 2016 |publisher= NASA/SEDAC |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209064446/http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP |archivedate=9 February 2016}} *{{citation |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014 |ref={{harvid|NASA Rainfall}} |title= NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM) |accessdate=30 January 2016 |publisher= NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419091014/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014 |archivedate=19 April 2019}} Average value for the years 2012–2014 within a box that is 0.1×0.1 degrees. *{{citation |url=https://www.geonames.org/432495/rurata.html |accessdate=2024-06-13 |title=Rurata |work=geonames |ref={{harvid|Rurata geonames}} }} {{refend}} hql1thyun5wnpibb50yfbs9hzbnjiva 0 48046 299614 2026-06-26T16:13:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ruzibazi | native_name = {{langx|fr|Rivière Ruzibazi}} <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Burundi | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Burundi]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Bujumbura Rural Province|Bujumbura Rural]], [[Bururi Province|Bururi]], [[Rumonge Province|Rumonge]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Lake Tanganyika|Harada Tanganyika]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-3.73170|29.31350|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Ruzibazi''' ({{langx|fr|Rivière Ruzibazi}}) waa webi ku yaalla Burundi. == Marin-biyoodka == Webiga Ruzibazi wuxuu ka soo askumaa bariga [[Mukike]] ee xadka u dhexeeya [[Bujumbura Rural Province|Gobolka Bujumbura Rural]] iyo [[Bururi Province|Gobolka Bururi]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa xadkaas jihada koonfur-koonfur-bari ilaa xadka u dhexeeya [[Rumonge Province|Gobolka Rumonge]] iyo [[Bururi Province|Gobolka Bururi]], kaas oo uu qeexayo masaafo yar, ka dibna u leexda galbeedka wuxuuna u qulqulaa afkiisa ku yaalla [[Lake Tanganyika|Harada Tanganyika]], oo uu ka galo koonfurta [[Magara, Burundi|Magara]].{{sfn|Relation: Ruzibazi (17502778)}} == Deegaanka == Hareeraha Webiga Ruzibazi waa isku-dhafka dhul-beereed iyo dhir dabiici ah.{{sfn|nasalandcover}} Aaggu waa mid si cufan dadku u deggan yihiin, iyadoo ay joogaan 207 qof halkii kiiloomitir laba jibaaran laga bilaabo 2016.{{sfn|nasapop}} Cimilada aagga waa mid dhexdhexaad ah. Celceliska heerkulka sannadlaha ah waa {{convert|19|C}}. Bisha ugu kulul waa Luulyo, marka uu celceliska heerkulku yahay {{convert|22|C}}, kan ugu qabowna waa Nofeembar, oo leh {{convert|14|C}}.{{sfn|nasa}} Celceliska roobabka sannadlaha ah waa {{convert|1,304|mm}}. Bisha ugu roobka badan waa Disembar, oo leh celcelis dhan {{convert|200|mm}} oo roob ah, kan ugu qalalan waa Luulyo, oo leh {{convert|15|mm}} oo roob ah.{{sfn|nasarain}} [[Monge Forest Nature Reserve|Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Kaynta Monge]] wuxuu ka kooban yahay hadhaaga kaynta dabiiciga ah ee Afro-montane oo ku taal buuraha kordhinta koonfureed ee [[Congo-Nile ridge]], oo daboolaysa qaybo ka mid ah degmooyinka Mukike, Muhuta iyo Bugarama. Qaar ka mid ah durdurrada ayaa u qulqula Webiga Ruzibazi, halka kuwa kalena ay u qulqulaan Dooxada Niil.{{sfn|Niyonkuru|2019|p=12}} == Korontada biyaha == 15MW [[Ruzibazi Hydroelectric Power Station|Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Ruzibazi]] waxay ku taal Rutumo ''colline'', aagga Minago ee [[Commune of Rumonge|degmada Rumonge]]. Xidinku wuxuu ku yaallaa Webiga Ruzibazi oo u dhexeeya [[Commune of Bugarama|degmada Bugarama]] iyo degmada Rumonge. Dhismaha ay wadday shirkadda Shiinaha ee [[Sinohydro]] ayaa bilaabmay Oktoobar 2018 waxaana la dhammaystiray ka hor jadwalka Luulyo 2022. Waxaa la daah-furay 6 Sebtembar 2022 xaflad uu ka qaybgalay [[Evariste Ndayishimiye]], Madaxweynaha Burundi.{{sfn|Ntahondi|2022}} == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Burundi]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist|25em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation|url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP |title=NASA Earth Observations: Population Density |accessdate=30 January 2016 |ref={{harvid|nasapop}} |publisher=NASA/SEDAC |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209064446/http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP |archivedate=9 February 2016}} *{{citation|url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php |title=NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index |accessdate=30 January 2016 |ref={{harvid|nasa}} |publisher=NASA |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511075542/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php |archivedate=11 May 2020}} Temperature data from satellite measurements of the earth's surface temperature within a box that is 0.1 x 0.1 degrees. *{{citation|url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014 |title=NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM) |ref={{harvid|nasarain}} |publisher=NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission |accessdate=30 January 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419091014/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014 |archivedate=19 April 2019}} Average value for the years 2012–2014 within a box that is 0.1 x 0.1 degrees. *{{citation|url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1 |title=NASA Earth Observations: Land Cover Classification |ref={{harvid|nasalandcover}} |publisher=NASA/MODIS |accessdate=30 January 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160228161657/http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MCD12C1_T1 |archivedate=28 February 2016}} *{{citation |url=https://bi.chm-cbd.net/sites/bi/files/2022-03/rappor-product-carte-geo-referen-reserv-sud.pdf |accessdate=2024-08-27 |language=fr |last=Niyonkuru |first=Apollinaire |date=December 2019 |publisher=United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization |title=Cartes georeferencees des reserves naturelles forestieres de Monge, de Nkayamba, de Rumonge, de Kigwena et de Vyanda}} *{{citation |url=https://lerenouveau.bi/province-de-rumonge-le-chef-de-letat-inaugure-la-centrale-hydroelectrique-de-ruzibazi/ |accessdate=2024-08-27 |last=Ntahondi |first=Nathan |date=8 September 2022 |title=Province de Rumonge : Le chef de l’Etat inaugure la centrale hydroélectrique de Ruzibazi |work=Le Renouveau}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/17502778 |accessdate=2024-08-27 |title=Relation: Ruzibazi (17502778) |work=OenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Relation: Ruzibazi (17502778)}} }} {{refend}} sv9nu8juy9jwwlw2d9atfg8xmornazm 0 48047 299615 2026-06-26T16:15:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Serorome | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]] | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Botswana]] | location = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} {{location map|Botswana|caption=Goobta uu afka Webiga Metsimotlhabe kaga dhaco Webiga Limpopo {{coord|-23.564066|27.130639|display=inline,title}}|lat_deg=-23.564066|lon_deg=27.130639|relief=y|display=title}} '''Webiga Serorome''' waa webi ku yaalla [[Central District (Botswana)|Degmada Dhexe]] ee Botswana, waana gacan-biyoodka [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]]. == Juqraafi == Mar hore, Gobolka Kalahari ee galbeedka wuxuu ahaa haro weyn oo gudaha ah, oo u qulqulaysa Limpopo iyada oo sii marta Dooxada Serorome. Dambayntii isbeddellada juqraafiyeed ayaa dib u habayn ku sameeyay webiyada gobolka si ay ugu badnaan ugu qulqulaan waqooyi-bari dhanka Zambezi.{{sfn|Burgess}} Dooxada Serorome waa marka laga reebo, oo weli u horseedda Limpopo iyada oo sii marta cilad jabaq ah.{{sfn|Aqua Tech Groundwater Consultants|1992|p=2-61}} == Cimilada == Maanta webigu wuxuu maraa dhul siman oo badh-abaar ah oo leh dhul daaqsimeed, duur iyo geedo. Webigu wuxuu qulqulaa marmar xilliga roobka, kaas oo socda Nofeembar ilaa Abriil, inta soo hartay sannadkana waa mid qallalan.{{sfn|CIC MDA|p=4}} Wuxuu qulqulaa hoosta isku-biiriddiisa [[Bonwapitse River|Webiga Bonwapitse]] sababtoo ah qulqulka Bonwapitse.{{sfn|Aqua Tech Groundwater Consultants|1992|p=2-35}} [[David Livingstone]] ayaa booqday gobolka sannadkii 1857, wuxuuna ku tilmaamay Serorome sida "... meel qurux badan oo ku taal gobolka kale ee qallalan. Ceelasha aan biyaha ka soo saari jirnay xoolahayaga waa kuwo qoto dheer, laakiin way buuxsanaayeen."{{sfn|Spinage|2012|p=219}} == Hawlaha dhaqaalaha == Dhuumaha [[North-South Carrier]] ayaa mara dooxada Serorome, halkaas oo ay ku taallo xarun bambo oo ku taal {{convert|227|km}} oo u jirta [[Letsibogo Dam|Biya-xireenka Letsibogo]].{{sfn|Bevanger|1994|p=8}} Goobta dhuxusha ee [[Mmamabula]] ayaa ku taal koonfurta webiga.{{sfn|CIC Energy|2010}} == Tixraacyo == '''Xigashooyin''' {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} '''Isha''' {{refbegin}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.nina.no/archive/nina/PppBasePdf/oppdragsmelding/320.pdf |title=The North-South Carriér Water Project in Botswana |last=Bevanger|first=Kjetil |date=December 1994 |access-date=2012-09-21}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/sadcreports/botswana1992aquatecgwconscentraldistrictplanningstudy.pdf |title=CENTRAL DISTRICT PLANNING STUDY - MAIN REPORT = VOLUME 1 |date=May 1992 |author=Aqua Tech Groundwater Consultants |publisher=Ministry of Local Government & Lands Central District |access-date=2012-09-21}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Counprof/Botswana/botswana2.htm |title=Botswana - The Pasture Resource |last=Burgess |first=Jeremy |publisher=FAO |access-date=2012-09-21 |archive-date=2017-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102231750/http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/agpc/doc/counprof/botswana/botswana2.htm |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|CIC MDA}} |url=http://www.cicenergycorp.com/_resources/financials/CIC_MDA_Q3_2006.pdf |title=CIC Energy Corp. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS For the three and nine months ended August 31, 2006 |date=October 12, 2006 |publisher=CIC Energy |access-date=2012-09-21}} *{{cite web |url = http://cicenergycorp.com/project/mmamabula_coalfield/index.php?content_id=145&page_number=1 |author = CIC Energy |year = 2010 |title = Mmamabula Coalfield |access-date = 2012-09-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101106124458/http://cicenergycorp.com/project/mmamabula_coalfield/ |archive-date = 2010-11-06 |df = }} *{{cite book |last=Spinage|first=Clive Alfred|title=African Ecology: Benchmarks and Historical Perspectives |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d3vOHF8PNKkC&pg=PA219|access-date=2012-09-21 |date=2012-06-28|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-642-22871-1}} {{refend}} aa1cubqjx0paez3pjosblbxtoem2lvh 0 48048 299616 2026-06-26T16:17:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ramokgwebana | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|-21.563556|28.012206}} | mouth_location = [[Shashe River|Webiga Shashe]] | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = Botswana, Zimbabwe | location = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} {{location map|Botswana|caption=Goobta uu afka Webiga Ramokgwebana kaga dhaco [[Shashe River|Webiga Shashe]]|lat_deg=-21.563556|lon_deg=28.012206|relief=y|display=title}} '''Webiga Ramokgwebana''' (ama '''Ramoqueban''') waa webi qeexaya qayb ka mid ah xadka u dhexeeya [[Botswana]] iyo [[Zimbabwe]] ka hor inta uusan gelin [[Shashe River|Webiga Shashe]] dhanka bidix. == Taariikh == Degmada Tati, oo ah deeq la siiyay Kabtan Levert oo ay bixiyeen hoggaamiyeyaasha [[Northern Ndebele people|Matabele]], waxay ahayd goobta [[Tati Goldfields|aaggii ugu horreeyay ee sahaminta dahabka]] ee waxa hadda ah Botswana. Iyadoo si aad ah ugu dhigma [[North-East District (Botswana)|Degmada Waqooyi-Bari ee Botswana]], waxaa xaddiday Ramoqueban dhanka bari iyo Shashi dhanka galbeed. [[Tati River|Webiga Tati]], oo u qulqulaya inta u dhaxaysa labadan, ayaa gala Webiga Shashe ilaa {{convert|4|mi|km|0|order=flip|abbr=off}} korka barta uu Ramoqueban ka galo Shashe.{{sfn|White|2004|p=6}} Waxaa jira xadka xuduudka u dhexeeya tuulada [[Matsiloje]] ee Botswana iyo boostada Warmley ee Zimbabwe. Sannadihii 2000-meeyadii, ammaanka ayaa lagu kordhiyay isgoyska sababtoo ah tirada sii kordhaysa ee muhaajiriinta sharci-darrada ah ee soo gelaya Botswana ee ka imanaya Zimbabwe, taas oo keentay koror ku yimid dambiyada.{{sfn|North East District Council|2003|p=35}} Waqooyi dheeraad ah waxaa jira isgoys kale oo u dhexeeya [[Plumtree, Zimbabwe|Plumtree]] ee Zimbabwe iyo [[Ramokgwebana]] ee Botswana. Intii lagu jiray muddo roobab yar oo sannadkii 2010 ah, webigu wuxuu u badnaa mid qallalay. Waxaa jiray xiisad u dhaxaysa dadka labada magaalo ee u tartamayay biyaha balliyada laga qoday sariirta webiga.{{sfn|Phiri|2010}} == Xusuusin == {{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{cite web |url = http://www.gov.bw/Global/MLG/NORTH%20EAST.doc |title = NORTH EAST DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT PLAN 6: 2003 – 2009 |author = North East District Council |year = 2003 |access-date = 2012-09-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111209132544/http://www.gov.bw/Global/MLG/NORTH%20EAST.doc |archive-date = 2011-12-09 |df = }} *{{cite web |url=http://www.onewater.org/stories/story/zimbabwe |title=Zimbabwe- Neighbors Becoming Less Neighborly As Dwindling Rain Shrinks Border River |first=Marko |last=Phiri |work=One Water |publisher=Knight Center for International Media |year=2010 |access-date=2012-09-24 |archive-date=2012-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808015949/http://www.onewater.org/stories/story/zimbabwe |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |last=White|first=John|title=Scientific Travellers, 1789-1874 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NSE1ORhvwhUC&pg=PA6|access-date=2012-09-24 |date=2004-03-04|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9780415289313}} {{refend}} 8ciab3tesvmbtabfs5k6vffrflix78g 0 48049 299617 2026-06-26T16:19:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Nossob | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Auob matamata2.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Koorska [[Webiga Auob|Webiga Auob]], oo ah gacan-biyoodka Nossob | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 5 | mapframe-point = none | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu afka Webiga Nossob kaga dhaco <!---------------------- LOCATION -->| subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Botswana]], [[Namibia]] iyo [[South Africa|Koofur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Otjihavera Range|Buuraha Otjihavera]], [[Namibia]] | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = {{convert|1900|m|abbr=on}} | source2 = Isku-biirka Swart-Nossob iyo Wit-Nossob | source2_location = | source2_coordinates = | source2_elevation = {{convert|1565|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Molopo River|Webiga Molopo]] | mouth_location = [[Northern Cape|Gobolka Northern Cape]], [[South Africa|Koofur Afrika]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|26|54|15|S|20|41|24|E|display=inline,title|region:za}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|890|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = [[Black Nossob River|Webiga Black Nossob]], [[Klein Nossob River|Webiga Klein Nossob]] | tributaries_right = [[White Nossob River|Webiga White Nossob]], [[Auob River|Webiga Auob]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }}{{Use South African English|date = November 2024}} [[File:Molopo Basin OSM.png|thumb|Goobta uu ku yaallo webiga Nossob ee hoose (dhexda) iyo gacan-biyoodyadiisa]] [[File:Nosob River bird eye view.jpg|thumb|Webiga Nossob oo bari ka xiga Aranos oo maraya Kalahari]] '''Webiga Nossob''' (sidoo kale '''Nosob''' ama '''Nossop'''; ''ǂnuse ǃab'', [[Khoikhoi]] oo u taagan webi madow)<ref name="OB">{{cite book|last = du Plessis|first = E.J.|title = Suid-Afrikaanse berg- en riviername|publisher = Tafelberg-uitgewers, Cape Town|date = 1973|isbn = 0-624-00273-X|page = 293}}</ref> waa sariir webi oo qallalan oo ku taal bariga [[Namibia]] iyo gobolka [[Kalahari]] ee [[South Africa|Koofur Afrika]] iyo [[Botswana]]. Waxa uu daboolayaa masaafad dhan 740&nbsp;km<ref name="R"/> waxaana ugu dambaysay fatahaad sannadkii 1989. Webigu waxa uu sidoo kale magaciisa bixiyay xerada Nossob (<small>{{coord|25|25|18|S|20|35|47|E|}}</small>) oo ku taal [[Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park]].<ref name="R">{{cite book|last = Raper|first = P.E.|title = South African Place Names|publisher = Jonathan Ball, Jhb & Cape Town|date = 2004|isbn = 1-86842-190-2|page = 278}}</ref> == Marin-biyoodka == Nossob waxa uu asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa laba [[Tributary|gacan-biyood]] oo waaweyn, Swart-Nossob iyo Wit-Nossob, kuwaas oo macnahoodu yahay madow iyo caddaan. Labada gacan-biyoodba waxay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaan jiirarka bariga ee buuraha Otjihavera, bariga [[Windhoek]]. Ilahoodu waxay ku yaallaan 1,800&nbsp;m iyo in ka badan 2,000&nbsp;m oo ka sarreeya [[sea level|heerka badda]]. Labada sariirood ee webiga waxay leeyihiin [[Confluence (geography)|isku-biir]] qiyaastii 80&nbsp;km koonfurta [[Gobabis]], oo ku taal bangiga Swart-Nossob. Isku-biirkan ka dib marin-biyoodka webigu wuxuu maraa degsiimooyinka [[Leonardville, Namibia|Leonardville]] iyo [[Aranos]] si uu u yimaado [[Union's End]], Koofur Afrika. Laga soo bilaabo Union's End sariirta webigu, oo samaynaysa xadka Botswana, waxay ku wareegtaa [[Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park]] masaafo dhan in ka badan 200&nbsp;km. Waxay gaartaa xadka koonfureed ee kaydka ciyaarta meel waqooyi ka xigta xerada [[Twee Rivieren, Northern Cape|Twee Rivieren]], meel u dhow isku-biiriddiisa [[Webiga Auob|Webiga Auob]]. [[Kalahari Desert|Kalahari]], Nossob waxaa la yiraahdaa wuxuu qulqulaa qiyaastii hal mar qarni kasta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, biyaha waxaa lagu kaydiyaa dhulka hoostiisa si ay u bixiyaan nolol cawska iyo [[Acacia erioloba|geedaha qodaxda geela]] ee ka baxa sariirta webiga. Nossob wuxuu qulquli karaa si kooban dabaylaha waaweyn ka dib, taas oo keenta in duurjoogta ay ku qulqulaan webiga. Nossob wuxuu ku dhammaadaa isku-biirka [[Webiga Molopo|Webiga Molopo]] qiyaastii 50&nbsp;km koonfurta Twee Rivieren. Isku-biirka <small>{{coord|26|54|15|S|20|41|24|E|}}</small> wuxuu weli yahay 890&nbsp;m oo ka sarreeya [[sea level|heerka badda]]. Molopo waa gacan-biyoodka [[Orange River|Webiga Orange]], kaas oo uu kula kulmo hoosta [[Augrabies Falls]]. == Biya-xireennada == ===White Nossob=== * [[Otjivero Dam|Biya-xireenka Otjivero]], meel u dhow degsiimooyinka Otjivero iyo [[Omitara]]<ref>{{Cite web | title=Otjivero Dam | publisher=namibweb.com | url=https://www.namibweb.com/otjivero-dam-namibia.htm | accessdate=28 October 2020}}</ref> ===Oanob River=== [[Webiga Oanob|Webiga Oanob]], oo ah gacan-biyoodka Webiga Auob wuxuu leeyahay laba biya-xireen: *[[Nauspoort Dam|Biya-xireenka Nauspoort]] *[[Oanob Dam|Biya-xireenka Oanob]] == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park]] == Xusuusin == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.orangesenqurak.org/river/subbasins/ephemeral+rivers.aspx?print=1 Webiyada Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Waqooyi ee Dooxada Webiga Orange-Senqu] {{Authority control}} l762hrsg4y4c8lxyt125cafnk6exyu7 299618 299617 2026-06-26T16:19:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Nossob | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Auob matamata2.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Koorska [[Webiga Auob|Webiga Auob]], oo ah gacan-biyoodka Nossob | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 5 | mapframe-point = none | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu afka Webiga Nossob kaga dhaco <!---------------------- LOCATION -->| subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Botswana]], [[Namibia]] iyo [[South Africa|Koofur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Otjihavera Range|Buuraha Otjihavera]], [[Namibia]] | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = {{convert|1900|m|abbr=on}} | source2 = Isku-biirka Swart-Nossob iyo Wit-Nossob | source2_location = | source2_coordinates = | source2_elevation = {{convert|1565|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Molopo River|Webiga Molopo]] | mouth_location = [[Northern Cape|Gobolka Northern Cape]], [[South Africa|Koofur Afrika]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|26|54|15|S|20|41|24|E|display=inline,title|region:za}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|890|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = [[Black Nossob River|Webiga Black Nossob]], [[Klein Nossob River|Webiga Klein Nossob]] | tributaries_right = [[White Nossob River|Webiga White Nossob]], [[Auob River|Webiga Auob]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Molopo Basin OSM.png|thumb|Goobta uu ku yaallo webiga Nossob ee hoose (dhexda) iyo gacan-biyoodyadiisa]] [[File:Nosob River bird eye view.jpg|thumb|Webiga Nossob oo bari ka xiga Aranos oo maraya Kalahari]] '''Webiga Nossob''' (sidoo kale '''Nosob''' ama '''Nossop'''; ''ǂnuse ǃab'', [[Khoikhoi]] oo u taagan webi madow)<ref name="OB">{{cite book|last = du Plessis|first = E.J.|title = Suid-Afrikaanse berg- en riviername|publisher = Tafelberg-uitgewers, Cape Town|date = 1973|isbn = 0-624-00273-X|page = 293}}</ref> waa sariir webi oo qallalan oo ku taal bariga [[Namibia]] iyo gobolka [[Kalahari]] ee [[South Africa|Koofur Afrika]] iyo [[Botswana]]. Waxa uu daboolayaa masaafad dhan 740&nbsp;km<ref name="R"/> waxaana ugu dambaysay fatahaad sannadkii 1989. Webigu waxa uu sidoo kale magaciisa bixiyay xerada Nossob (<small>{{coord|25|25|18|S|20|35|47|E|}}</small>) oo ku taal [[Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park]].<ref name="R">{{cite book|last = Raper|first = P.E.|title = South African Place Names|publisher = Jonathan Ball, Jhb & Cape Town|date = 2004|isbn = 1-86842-190-2|page = 278}}</ref> == Marin-biyoodka == Nossob waxa uu asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa laba [[Tributary|gacan-biyood]] oo waaweyn, Swart-Nossob iyo Wit-Nossob, kuwaas oo macnahoodu yahay madow iyo caddaan. Labada gacan-biyoodba waxay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaan jiirarka bariga ee buuraha Otjihavera, bariga [[Windhoek]]. Ilahoodu waxay ku yaallaan 1,800&nbsp;m iyo in ka badan 2,000&nbsp;m oo ka sarreeya [[sea level|heerka badda]]. Labada sariirood ee webiga waxay leeyihiin [[Confluence (geography)|isku-biir]] qiyaastii 80&nbsp;km koonfurta [[Gobabis]], oo ku taal bangiga Swart-Nossob. Isku-biirkan ka dib marin-biyoodka webigu wuxuu maraa degsiimooyinka [[Leonardville, Namibia|Leonardville]] iyo [[Aranos]] si uu u yimaado [[Union's End]], Koofur Afrika. Laga soo bilaabo Union's End sariirta webigu, oo samaynaysa xadka Botswana, waxay ku wareegtaa [[Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park]] masaafo dhan in ka badan 200&nbsp;km. Waxay gaartaa xadka koonfureed ee kaydka ciyaarta meel waqooyi ka xigta xerada [[Twee Rivieren, Northern Cape|Twee Rivieren]], meel u dhow isku-biiriddiisa [[Webiga Auob|Webiga Auob]]. [[Kalahari Desert|Kalahari]], Nossob waxaa la yiraahdaa wuxuu qulqulaa qiyaastii hal mar qarni kasta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, biyaha waxaa lagu kaydiyaa dhulka hoostiisa si ay u bixiyaan nolol cawska iyo [[Acacia erioloba|geedaha qodaxda geela]] ee ka baxa sariirta webiga. Nossob wuxuu qulquli karaa si kooban dabaylaha waaweyn ka dib, taas oo keenta in duurjoogta ay ku qulqulaan webiga. Nossob wuxuu ku dhammaadaa isku-biirka [[Webiga Molopo|Webiga Molopo]] qiyaastii 50&nbsp;km koonfurta Twee Rivieren. Isku-biirka <small>{{coord|26|54|15|S|20|41|24|E|}}</small> wuxuu weli yahay 890&nbsp;m oo ka sarreeya [[sea level|heerka badda]]. Molopo waa gacan-biyoodka [[Orange River|Webiga Orange]], kaas oo uu kula kulmo hoosta [[Augrabies Falls]]. == Biya-xireennada == ===White Nossob=== * [[Otjivero Dam|Biya-xireenka Otjivero]], meel u dhow degsiimooyinka Otjivero iyo [[Omitara]]<ref>{{Cite web | title=Otjivero Dam | publisher=namibweb.com | url=https://www.namibweb.com/otjivero-dam-namibia.htm | accessdate=28 October 2020}}</ref> ===Oanob River=== [[Webiga Oanob|Webiga Oanob]], oo ah gacan-biyoodka Webiga Auob wuxuu leeyahay laba biya-xireen: *[[Nauspoort Dam|Biya-xireenka Nauspoort]] *[[Oanob Dam|Biya-xireenka Oanob]] == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park]] == Xusuusin == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.orangesenqurak.org/river/subbasins/ephemeral+rivers.aspx?print=1 Webiyada Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Waqooyi ee Dooxada Webiga Orange-Senqu] {{Authority control}} 674611vx9dc9az53bo7inflne0frkq0 0 48050 299619 2026-06-26T16:24:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Motloutse | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-22.225488|29.017614|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = Botswana | location = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size_km2 = 19053 | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} {{location map|Botswana|caption=Goobta uu ku yaallo Botswana| relief= yes| lat_deg=-22.225488|lon_deg= 29.017614}} '''Webiga Motloutse''' waa webi ku yaalla Botswana, waana gacan-biyoodka [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]]. Aagga biyaha qabta waa {{convert|19053|km2}}. [[Letsibogo Dam|Biya-xireenka Letsibogo]] oo ku yaalla Motloutse ayaa loo dhisay si uu ugu adeego magaalada warshadaha leh ee [[Selebi-Phikwe]] iyo meelaha deegaanka ee ku xeeran, iyada oo leh awood loo isticmaali karo waraabka.{{sfn|FAO Subregional Office ... 2004}} == Deegaanka == Sahankii goobta ee la sameeyay bishii Janaayo 1989, ka hor inta aan la dhisin biya-xireenka, ayaa diiwaangeliyay 120 nooc oo shimbiro ah, badidooduna ay yihiin cayayaan yar yar. Tiro aad u badan oo shimbiro biyo-mareen ah ayaa laga helay sababtoo ah joogitaanka balliyo joogto ah oo ku yaalla webiga Motloutse ee hoos u dhaca isku-biiriddiisa [[Letlhakane river|Webiga Letlhakane]]. Noocyada shimbiraha ayaa guud ahaan caadi u ahaa gobolka.{{sfn|Bevanger|1994|p=11}} Ka hor inta aan la dhisin biya-xireenka, shan ama in ka badan oo noocyo kalluun ah oo hormood ah ayaa u haajiri jiray kor u qulqulka Webiga Limpopo una geli jiray Webiga Motloutse intii lagu jiray fatahaadaha. Biya-xireenka Letsibogo ayaa la filayay inuu taageero dad kalluun oo joogto ah oo la mid ah kan [[Shashe Dam|Biya-xireenka Shashe]].{{sfn|Bevanger|1994|p=12}} == Khayraadka biyaha == Celceliska roobabka sannadlaha ah waa {{convert|430|mm}}, halka celceliska suurtagalka ah ee uumi-baxa sannadlaha ah uu yahay {{convert|2000|mm}}.{{sfn|FAO Subregional Office ... 2004}} Kala duwanaanshahaas awgeed, webigu waa webi ciid ah oo ku-meel-gaar ah oo leh qulqulka dusha sare oo keliya inta lagu jiro xilliga roobka.{{sfn|Bevanger|1994|p=3}} Roobabku sidoo kale waa kuwo aad u doorsooma, iyadoo ka hooseeya 40% celceliska roobabka sannadlaha ah ee la filayo hal sano toddobadii sanaba mar.{{sfn|Bevanger|1994|p=10}} Celceliska qulqulka sannadlaha ah waa {{convert|111000000|m3}}.{{sfn|FAO Subregional Office ... 2004}} == Khayraadka macdanta == Macdan-qodista dahabka ee weheliya webiyada Motloutse iyo Limpopo ayaa bilaabmay qiyaastii 1200 [[CE]], waqtigii ay [[Great Zimbabwe]] kor u kacday si ay u noqoto awood goboleed.{{sfn|Denbow|Thebe|2006|p=27}} ayaa la helay 1860-kii shaqooyinkii hore ee u dhow [[Francistown]], waqooyiga webiga, taas oo keentay duufaantii ugu horreysay ee dahabka ee Afrika.{{sfn|Denbow|Thebe|2006|p=29}} Dheemman-tii ugu horreysay ee la xaqiijiyay ee laga helo Botswana waxay ahaayeen saddex dhagax oo yaryar oo la helay 1959-kii oo ay heshay Central African Selection Trust oo ku yaalla quruuruxda Webiga Motloutse meel u dhow [[Foley Siding]]. Kooxdii heshay dheemanka ayaa baartay webiga ilaa ilaha biyaha, laakiin ma aysan helin il la aamini karo. == Tixraacyo == '''Xigashooyin''' {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} '''Isha''' {{refbegin}} *{{cite book |url=http://www.nina.no/archive/nina/PppBasePdf/oppdragsmelding/320.pdf |last=Bevanger |first=Kjetil |title=The North-South Carriér Water Project in Botswana |location=Trondheim |date=December 1994 |isbn=82-426-0531-9 |access-date=2012-09-17}} *{{cite journal |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/19473363/First-Diamonds-in-Botswana |title=First diamonds in Botswana |journal=Rough Diamond Review |date=September 2004 |last=Daniels|first=Dr Leon |access-date=2012-09-17}} *{{cite book |last1=Denbow|first1=James Raymond|last2=Thebe|first2=Phenyo C.|title=Culture And Customs of Botswana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ycoVZ-DfrYC&pg=PA27|access-date=2012-09-17 |year=2006|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33178-7}} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|FAO Subregional Office ... 2004}} |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm |author=FAO Subregional Office for Southern and East Africa Harare |publisher=FAO |title=Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin |year=2004 |access-date=2012-09-17}} {{refend}} pjwp31zh6cvpm370swototoex8ijddk 0 48051 299620 2026-06-26T16:27:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Metsimotlhabe | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Notwane River|Webiga Notwane]] | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = Botswana | location = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} {{location map|Botswana|caption=Goobta uu afka Webiga Metsimotlhabe kaga dhaco Webiga Notwane {{coord|-24.443633|26.081107|display=inline,title}}|lat_deg=-24.443633|lon_deg=26.081107|relief=y|display=title}} '''Webiga Metsimotlhabe''' waa webiga ugu weyn ee [[Kweneng District|Degmada Kweneng]] ee Botswana, isagoo ka dareeraya aagga koonfurta ka xigta [[Molepolole]] una dareeraya [[Notwane River|Webiga Notwane]], kaas oo isna ah gacan-biyoodka [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]].{{sfn|Kweneng District Council|2002|p=3}} Magaca "Metsimotlhabe" macnihiisu waa "webiga biyaha iyo ciidda".{{sfn|Metsimotlhabe}} [[Bokaa Dam|Biya-xireenka Bokaa]] ayaa la dhisay 1990/1991 iyadoo la xiray Webiga Metsimotlhabe koonfurta tuulada [[Bokaa]].{{sfn|Bokaa Dam - Birdlife International}} Qulqulka dusha sare ee [[sandveld]] ee ku xeeran Metsimotlhabe wuxuu ku kooban yahay dooxooyin iyo waadiyo qallalan, kuwaas oo dhif ah inay xambaaraan biyo dusha sare ah.{{sfn|Kweneng District Council|2002|p=3}} [[Sand extraction|Soosaarista ciidda]] ee sariirta webiga ayaa keentay dhibaatooyin, maadaama ay taasi hoos u dhigayso heerka biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ah ayna sababto in dhirta ku xeeran ay dhintaan.{{sfn|Kweneng District Council|2002|p=34}} Tani waa hawl dhaqaale oo muhiim ah oo ka jirta Degmada.{{sfn|Kweneng District Council|2002|p=123}} Bishii Juun 2012, afhayeen u hadlay Wasaaradda Macdanta, Tamarta iyo Khayraadka Biyaha ayaa tilmaamay in baahidu ay sarreysay sababo la xiriira kobaca guryaha ee uu keenay barwaaqada sii kordhaysa ee dalka.{{sfn|Mathala|2012}} == Tixraacyo == '''Xigashooyin''' {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} '''Isha''' {{refbegin}} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Bokaa Dam - Birdlife International}} |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6053 |title=Bokaa Dam |publisher=Birdlife International |access-date=2012-09-18}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.bw/Global/MLG/KWENENG.doc |title=KWENENG DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT PLAN 6: 2003 – 2009 |author=Kweneng District Council |date=July 2002 |access-date=2012-09-19}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.gazettebw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13867:river-sand-is-diminishing&catid=18:headlines&Itemid=2 |title=River sand is diminishing |last=Mathala |first=Oaitse |date =27 June 2012 |work=The Botswana Gazette |access-date=2012-09-19}} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Metsimotlhabe}} |url=http://www.metsimotlhabe.com/about.html |title=Metsimotlhabe |access-date=2012-09-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331213721/http://www.metsimotlhabe.com/about.html |archive-date=2012-03-31 }} {{refend}} 0s3l5lrmtpmj72cd6hboo9ggkru6e9y 0 48052 299621 2026-06-26T16:29:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Wamba | image = Kasai River Catchment OSM.png | image_size = | image_caption = Dooxada Webiga Kasai oo ay la socoto Webiga Wamba (Dhexda bidix) | source1_location = Gobolka Lunda Norte, Angola | mouth_location = Gobolka Kwango, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo]]|[[Angola]]}} | length = {{convert|880|km}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|3250|ft}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1023|ft}} | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = }} '''Webiga Wamba''' ([[French language|Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Wamba'', [[Portuguese language|Boortaqiis]]: ''Rio Wamba'') waa webi ku yaalla [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo]] (DRC) iyo [[Angola]]. Waxa uu ka soo askumaa joog qiyaastii {{convert|3250|ft}} iyadoo ay tahay isku-biirka dhowr durdurro yaryar oo ku yaalla [[Lunda Norte Province|Gobolka Lunda Norte]] ee [[Angola]], oo ah gobol leh buuro hoose iyo dooxooyin gacmeed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wamba river source|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@-8.6307274,18.6293741,9077m/data=!3m1!1e3|website=Google Maps|publisher=Google|accessdate=21 April 2018}}</ref> Angola waxaa loo yaqaanaa '''Webiga Uamba'''. Waxa uu u qulqulaa waqooyi, halkaas oo uu ka samaysto qayb ka mid ah xadka [[Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border|Angola/DRC]], ka dibna inta badan dhererkiisa waxa uu maraa [[Kwango|Gobolka Kwango]] ilaa isku-biiriddiisa [[Kwango River|Webiga Kwango]] joog dhan {{convert|1023|ft}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wamba, Kwango confluence|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@-3.931379,17.1857107,9181m/data=!3m1!1e3|website=Google maps|publisher=Google|accessdate=21 April 2018}}</ref> == Goobta == {{PoI start}} {{PoI|Angola source|-8.635|18.62083|AO|}} {{PoI|Angola/DRC border|-8.0625|18.0945|CD|}} {{PoI|Kwango River confluence|-3.9144|17.1889|CD|}} {{PoI end}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 4fixxtsu19h9kd3hrgnsua947fcb612 0 48053 299622 2026-06-26T16:36:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299622 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lungwebungu.svg|right|thumb|330px|Dooxada Webiga Lungwebungu]] '''Webiga Lungwebungu''' (oo ku yaalla Angola '''Lungué Bungo''') ee [[Central Africa|Afrikada Dhexe]] waa [[tributary|gacan-biyoodka]] ugu weyn ee [[Zambezi|Webiga Zambezi]] ee sare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lungwebungu River {{!}} Congo Basin, Central Africa, tributary {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lungwebungu-River |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> [[River source|Ilaha]] Lungwebungu waxay ku yaallaan badhtamaha [[Angola]] joog dhan {{convert|1400|m}}, wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur-bari isagoo maraya [[southern Africa|Afrikata koonfureed]] ee [[plateau|buur-dhul]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}} Gudaha {{convert|50|km}} wuxuu yeeshay dabeecad uu ku sii hayo inta badan marin-biyoodkiisa, oo ah kuwo aad u adag [[Meander|meanders]], oo leh kanaalo badan iyo [[Oxbow lake|harada oxbow]], oo ku yaalla kanaal qoyan oo qiyaastii {{cvt|800|m}} ballac ah kaas oo isna ku yaalla dooxad gacmeed leh [[floodplain|dhul-daad]] {{cvt|3|to|5|km}} ballac ah, oo ku fataha [[wet season|xilliga roobka]]. Geesaha dhul-daadku waa carro ciid cad ah oo ay dabooshay kayn khafiif ah. Kanaalka weyn ee webigu wuxuu ka koraa {{cvt|50|m}} ballac ilaa {{cvt|200|m}} ballac meel u dhow Zambezi, dhul-daadkiisuna wuxuu si lama filaan ah u ballaartaa marka uu la midoobo Zambezi, bilowga [[Barotse Floodplain]], kaas oo ah {{cvt|25|km}} ballac meeshaas.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}} Daraasad 2021 la sameeyay ayaa lagu ogaaday in webigu uu hoy u yahay nooc ka mid ah ''[[Hippopotamyrus]]'' oo ka duwan khadadka kale ee kalluunka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mutizwa |first=Tadiwa I. |last2=Kadye |first2=Wilbert T. |last3=Chakona |first3=Albert |date=2021 |title=Deep genetic and morphological divergence in the Hippopotamyrus ansorgii species complex (Teleostei: Mormyridae) in southern Africa |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jfb.14743 |journal=Journal of Fish Biology |language=en |volume=99 |issue=2 |pages=543–556 |doi=10.1111/jfb.14743 |issn=1095-8649|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Inkasta oo webigu yahay khayraad qiimo leh dadka ku nool meel u dhow sida isha kalluunka, meander-kiisa ayaa ka dhigaya mid aan ku habboonayn [[Maritime transport|gaadiidka biyaha]] marka laga reebo xilliga roobka marka [[Dugout (boat)|doonyaha]] iyo maraakiibta yaryar ay dhex mari karaan biyaha fatahaadda.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{coord|13|25|S|22|00|E|region:ZM_type:river_source:dewiki|display=title}} e98cjb52uap5hi923qslph94ndwexao 0 48054 299623 2026-06-26T16:38:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Lungezi | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Kongo Central]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|-5.8353|14.3425}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Lufu River|Webiga Lufu]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-5.848873|14.1445|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Lungezi''' (ama '''Lungezy, Rivière Lungesi, Rivière Lungézi, Rio Lunguezi''') waa webi qayb ka ah xadka u dhexeeya Angola iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo. Waa gacan-biyoodka [[Lufu River|Webiga Lufu]]. == Marin-biyoodka == Webiga Lungezi wuxuu ka soo askumaa gobolka [[Kongo Central]] bariga [[Songololo]], wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed ilaa xadka Angola halkaas oo uu kaga biiro Webiga Lavemba, ka dibna wuxuu u qulqulaa galbeed xadka ilaa uu ka gaaro Webiga Lufu, kaas oo u qulqula waqooyi iyada oo loo marayo Angola oo sii wada galbeed xadka.{{sfn|Way: Lungezy (401961233)}} [[Köppen climate classification|Kala-saarista cimilada ee Köppen]] waa Aw: savannaha kulaylaha, qoyan.{{sfn|Lungesi, Angola Mindat}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|25em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-2313306.html |accessdate=2021-10-11 |title=Lungesi, Angola |work=[[Mindat.org]] |ref={{harvid|Lungesi, Angola Mindat}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/401961233 |accessdate=2021-10-11 |title=Way: Lungezy (401961233) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Way: Lungezy (401961233)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lungezi River}} 85ymx94yxg8f4tz5bf236hd197hbq1t 299624 299623 2026-06-26T16:40:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Lungezi | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Kongo Central]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|-5.8353|14.3425}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Lufu River|Webiga Lufu]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-5.848873|14.1445|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Lungezi''' (ama '''Lungezy, Rivière Lungesi, Rivière Lungézi, Rio Lunguezi''') waa webi qayb ka ah xadka u dhexeeya Angola iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo. Waa gacan-biyoodka [[Lufu River|Webiga Lufu]]. == Marin-biyoodka == Webiga Lungezi wuxuu ka soo askumaa gobolka [[Kongo Central]] bariga [[Songololo]], wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed ilaa xadka Angola halkaas oo uu kaga biiro Webiga Lavemba, ka dibna wuxuu u qulqulaa galbeed xadka ilaa uu ka gaaro Webiga Lufu, kaas oo u qulqula waqooyi iyada oo loo marayo Angola oo sii wada galbeed xadka.{{sfn|Way: Lungezy (401961233)}} [[Köppen climate classification|Kala-saarista cimilada ee Köppen]] waa Aw: savannaha kulaylaha, qoyan.{{sfn|Lungesi, Angola Mindat}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|25em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-2313306.html |accessdate=2021-10-11 |title=Lungesi, Angola |work=[[Mindat.org]] |ref={{harvid|Lungesi, Angola Mindat}} }} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/401961233 |accessdate=2021-10-11 |title=Way: Lungezy (401961233) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Way: Lungezy (401961233)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lungezi River}} pelcofa6nhxkbln58opmr27oyov9zbp 0 48055 299625 2026-06-26T16:42:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Lufu<br />''Rivière Lufu''<br />''Rio Lufu'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = File:Bridge over Lufu River, Cataract Region.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Buundada ku taal Webiga Lufu c. 1885 | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Angola]]|[[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]]}} <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | so urce1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Congo River|Webiga Kongo]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-5.534619|13.663274|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = [[Congo Basin|Dooxada Kongo]] | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = [[Lungezi River|Webiga Lungezi]] | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = }} '''Webiga Lufu''' ama '''Webiga Luvo''' ([[French language|Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Luvo''; [[Portuguese language|Boortaqiis]]: ''Rio Luvo'') waa webi ku yaalla Angola iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo. Waa gacan-biyoodka bidix ee [[Congo River|Webiga Kongo]]. == Goobta == Qayb ka mid ah qaybta sare ee Webiga Lufu, iyo gacan-biyoodkiisa [[Lungezi River|Webiga Lungezi]], ayaa qeexaya xadka u dhexeeya DRC iyo Angola dhanka koonfureed. Xadka wuxuu u qulqulaa NNW ilaa magaalada [[Lufu, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Lufu]], ka dibna NW ilaa Webiga Kongo, oo uu ka galo dhanka bari meel u dhow [[Inga Falls|Inga Falls]].{{sfn|Way: Lufu (401961222)}} Qaybta xadka waxaa ka gudba muhaajiriin sharci-darro ah oo ka imanaya Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo una socda Angola.{{sfn|Avelino Chico|2020|p=235}} Maalmaha suuqa kumannaan qof ayaa ka gudba xadka boostada gelitaanka Lufu.{{sfn|Nzeusseu|2016|p=4}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://www.comillas.edu/documentos/centros/iuem/Migratory_Flows_at_the_borders_of_our_world/10_Angola_and_the_RDC.pdf |last=Avelino Chico |first=S. J. |year=2020 |publisher=Comillas Pontifical University |title=Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo's border From a place of business to the point of entry for illegal immigration}} *{{citation |url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/MDRCD017.pdf |accessdate=2020-09-05 |date= 20 May 2016 |last=Nzeusseu |first=Viviane |title=Emergency Plan of Action: Democratic Republic of Congo: Yellow Fever |publisher= International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/401961222#map=13/-5.5422/13.6948 |accessdate=2020-09-05 |title=Way: Lufu (401961222) |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Way: Lufu (401961222)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} 7cfu8zmjaspbv6maa43cptb7v4p3pu4 0 48056 299626 2026-06-26T16:48:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Luao | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]], [[Angola]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobollada | subdivision_name2 = Moxico, Angola, Lualaba, DRC | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Kasai River|Webiga Kasai]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-10.598500|22.311109|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Kasai River|Webiga Kasai]] | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Luao''' wuxuu qayb ka yahay [[Angola–Democratic Republic of the Congo border|xadka u dhexeeya Angola iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo]]. Waa gacan-biyoodka midig ee [[Kasai River|Webiga Kasai]]. == Goobta == Webiga Luao wuxuu ka qulqulaa koonfur ilaa waqooyi xadka u dhexeeya [[Moxico Province|Gobolka Moxico]] ee Angola iyo [[Lualaba Province|Gobolka Lualaba]] ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo (DRC). Wuxuu ku qulqulaa inta u dhaxaysa magaalooyinka [[Luau, Moxico Province|Luau]] ee Angola iyo [[Dilolo]] ee DRC.{{sfn|Way History: Luao (159813487)}}{{bsn|date=October 2021}} == Heshiiska xadka == Heshiiskii xadka ee u dhexeeyay Bortuqiiska iyo Beljimka ee 25-kii Maajo 1891 wuxuu qeexay qayb ka mid ah xadka inay tahay gacan-biyoodka Kasai ilaa [[Lago Dilolo]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la ogaaday in Lago Dilolo uu u qulqulayay koonfur-bari dhanka [[Zambezi]] halkii uu u qulquli lahaa waqooyi dhanka Kasai. Bortuqiisku waxay ku doodeen in gacan-biyoodka Luao ee Kasai loo qaato xadka, halka Beljimku ay taageersanaayeen [[Luacano River|Webiga Luacano]], oo ah gacan-biyoodka Kasai oo aad u sii fog dhanka galbeed. Ugu dambeyntii Beljimku waxay ku wareejiyeen aag weyn oo galbeedka Webiga Luau ah is-weydaarsi dhul ah oo lagu heshiiyey 22-kii Luulyo 1927.{{sfn|The Geographer|1972|p=144.6}} Beddelka "Dilolo Hook", Beljimku waxay heleen aag ka yar dhanka waqooyi-galbeed taas oo furtay waddo tareen oo sahlan oo ka timaada [[Matadi]] ilaa [[Léopoldville]].{{sfn|The Geographer|1972|p=144.7}} == Buundada tareenka == Buundo ayaa wadda [[Benguela railway|tareenka Benguela]] iyo jid-weynaha EN230 oo ka gudba webiga u dhexeeya Luau iyo Dilolo.{{sfn|Way History: Luao (159813487)}}{{bsn|date=October 2021}} Tareenka Benguela, oo ay dhistay shirkad hoos timaada [[Tanganyika Concessions]], ayaa la dhammaystiray laga bilaabo [[Lobito]] oo ku taal xeebta Atlantic ilaa Dilolo bishii Agoosto 1928. Waxay qaadatay 22 bilood oo kale in la dhammaystiro khadka {{convert|324|mi}} ee ka yimaada Dilolo ilaa [[Tenke, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Tenke]], halkaas oo uu kula xiriiray shabakadda Katanga ee ay maamusho ''[[Compagnie du chemin de fer du bas-Congo au Katanga]]'' (BCK). Khadka ayaa si rasmi ah loo furay 1-dii Luulyo 1931.{{sfn|Ball|2015}}{{sfn|Tanks Group Archive}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |title=Benguela - More than just a current|url=http://www.heritageportal.co.za/article/benguela-more-just-current|website=The Heritage Portal |last=Ball |first=Peter |date=11 January 2015 |access-date=2020-04-04 |archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924025812/http://www.heritageportal.co.za/article/benguela-more-just-current}} *{{citation |url=https://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/rylands/special-collections/exploring/a-to-z/collection/?match=Tanks+Group+Archive |accessdate=2021-04-04 |title=Tanks Group Archive |publisher=John Rylands Research Institute and Library |ref={{harvid|Tanks Group Archive}} }} *{{citation |author=The Geographer|title=International Boundary Study|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZBLfBfpOHcQC&pg=RA9-PA6 |accessdate=2021-04-04|year=1972|publisher=US Department of State|chapter=Angola-Zaire Boundary}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/159813487/history#map=12/-10.7237/22.3084 |accessdate=2021-04-04 |title=Way History: Luao (159813487) |work=OpenStreetMap |doi=<!-- nope --> |ref={{harvid|Way History: Luao (159813487)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} rs8f41y43b9fe3463qphv8kwneevprm 299627 299626 2026-06-26T16:48:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Luao | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]], [[Angola]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobollada | subdivision_name2 = Moxico, Angola, Lualaba, DRC | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Kasai River|Webiga Kasai]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-10.598500|22.311109|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Kasai River|Webiga Kasai]] | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Luao''' wuxuu qayb ka yahay [[xadka u dhexeeya Angola iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo]]. Waa gacan-biyoodka midig ee [[Webiga Kasai]]. == Goobta == Webiga Luao wuxuu ka qulqulaa koonfur ilaa waqooyi xadka u dhexeeya [[Moxico Province|Gobolka Moxico]] ee Angola iyo [[Lualaba Province|Gobolka Lualaba]] ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo (DRC). Wuxuu ku qulqulaa inta u dhaxaysa magaalooyinka [[Luau, Moxico Province|Luau]] ee Angola iyo [[Dilolo]] ee DRC.{{sfn|Way History: Luao (159813487)}}{{bsn|date=October 2021}} == Heshiiska xadka == Heshiiskii xadka ee u dhexeeyay Bortuqiiska iyo Beljimka ee 25-kii Maajo 1891 wuxuu qeexay qayb ka mid ah xadka inay tahay gacan-biyoodka Kasai ilaa [[Lago Dilolo]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la ogaaday in Lago Dilolo uu u qulqulayay koonfur-bari dhanka [[Zambezi]] halkii uu u qulquli lahaa waqooyi dhanka Kasai. Bortuqiisku waxay ku doodeen in gacan-biyoodka Luao ee Kasai loo qaato xadka, halka Beljimku ay taageersanaayeen [[Luacano River|Webiga Luacano]], oo ah gacan-biyoodka Kasai oo aad u sii fog dhanka galbeed. Ugu dambeyntii Beljimku waxay ku wareejiyeen aag weyn oo galbeedka Webiga Luau ah is-weydaarsi dhul ah oo lagu heshiiyey 22-kii Luulyo 1927.{{sfn|The Geographer|1972|p=144.6}} Beddelka "Dilolo Hook", Beljimku waxay heleen aag ka yar dhanka waqooyi-galbeed taas oo furtay waddo tareen oo sahlan oo ka timaada [[Matadi]] ilaa [[Léopoldville]].{{sfn|The Geographer|1972|p=144.7}} == Buundada tareenka == Buundo ayaa wadda [[Benguela railway|tareenka Benguela]] iyo jid-weynaha EN230 oo ka gudba webiga u dhexeeya Luau iyo Dilolo.{{sfn|Way History: Luao (159813487)}}{{bsn|date=October 2021}} Tareenka Benguela, oo ay dhistay shirkad hoos timaada [[Tanganyika Concessions]], ayaa la dhammaystiray laga bilaabo [[Lobito]] oo ku taal xeebta Atlantic ilaa Dilolo bishii Agoosto 1928. Waxay qaadatay 22 bilood oo kale in la dhammaystiro khadka {{convert|324|mi}} ee ka yimaada Dilolo ilaa [[Tenke, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Tenke]], halkaas oo uu kula xiriiray shabakadda Katanga ee ay maamusho ''[[Compagnie du chemin de fer du bas-Congo au Katanga]]'' (BCK). Khadka ayaa si rasmi ah loo furay 1-dii Luulyo 1931.{{sfn|Ball|2015}}{{sfn|Tanks Group Archive}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |title=Benguela - More than just a current|url=http://www.heritageportal.co.za/article/benguela-more-just-current|website=The Heritage Portal |last=Ball |first=Peter |date=11 January 2015 |access-date=2020-04-04 |archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924025812/http://www.heritageportal.co.za/article/benguela-more-just-current}} *{{citation |url=https://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/rylands/special-collections/exploring/a-to-z/collection/?match=Tanks+Group+Archive |accessdate=2021-04-04 |title=Tanks Group Archive |publisher=John Rylands Research Institute and Library |ref={{harvid|Tanks Group Archive}} }} *{{citation |author=The Geographer|title=International Boundary Study|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZBLfBfpOHcQC&pg=RA9-PA6 |accessdate=2021-04-04|year=1972|publisher=US Department of State|chapter=Angola-Zaire Boundary}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/159813487/history#map=12/-10.7237/22.3084 |accessdate=2021-04-04 |title=Way History: Luao (159813487) |work=OpenStreetMap |doi=<!-- nope --> |ref={{harvid|Way History: Luao (159813487)}} }} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:}} mn698kj5g8qs9pf4a7oygrtfyfly4l3 0 48057 299628 2026-06-26T16:50:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Seybouse | native_name ={{native name|ar|وادي سيبوس}} | image = GM Seybouse01.jpg | image_caption = Webiga Seybouse oo ku yaalla [[Guelma Province|Gobolka Guelma]], [[Algeria|Aljeeriya]] | map = Seybouse Basin.png | map_size = | map_caption = Aagga uu maro Webiga Seybouse | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = | source1_location = Medjez Amar, [[Tell Atlas]] Aljeeriya | mouth_location = [[Mediterranean Sea|Badda Midhitareen]], meel u dhow [[Annaba]], Aljeeriya | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|36.8681|7.7741|format=dms|region:DZ|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Algeria|Aljeeriya]] | length = {{convert|225|km|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|11.5|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} oo ku yaalla [[Guelma]] iyo [[Annaba]] | basin_size = {{convert|6,471|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} }} '''Seybouse''' (in {{langx|arq|rtl=yes|وادي سيبوس|Oued Seybouse}}) waa [[webi]] ku yaalla waqooyi-bari [[Algeria|Aljeeriya]], meel u dhow xadka [[Tunisia|Tunisia]]. Waqtigii Roomaanka, waxaa loo yaqaanay ''Ubus''. == Marin-biyoodka == Webigu wuxuu socdaa qiyaastii {{convert|225|km|mi}}, isagoo dhex mara [[Guelma Province|Gobolka Guelma]] iyo [[Annaba Province|Gobollada Annaba]]. Wuxuu ka bilaabmaa Medjez Amar, oo ku yaalla [[Tell Atlas]] waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Guelma Province|Gobolka Guelma]]. Wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Mediterranean Sea|Badda Midhitareen]] ee Seybouse (oo la odhan jiray ''Joannonville'' xilligii gumeysigii Faransiiska) koonfur-bari ee magaalada [[Annaba]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://annaba.net.free.fr/html/joannonville.htm |title=The old metal bridge over the river Seybouse at Joannonville |access-date=2008-03-16 |archive-date=2010-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206034306/http://annaba.net.free.fr/html/joannonville.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[river delta|Af-webigiisa]] wuxuu ku yaallaa waqooyiga Sidi Salem, goobta [[Hippo Regius]] halkaas oo [[Augustine of Hippo|Saint Augustine]] uu ku noolaa AD 391–430. Seybouse waxaa loo isticmaalaa waraabka beeraha, laakiin waxay noqonaysaa mid wasakhaysan sababo la xiriira hawlaha warshadaha.<ref>[http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=15105543 Potential pollution of groundwater in the valley of the Seybouse River, north-eastern Algeria]</ref> == Tilmaamaha == {| class="wikitable" |+ (Sida 1998; isha: ANRH) ! Qayb ! Xaddiga |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Qulqulka | 11.5&nbsp;m³/s |- | Heerkulka | 21.41&nbsp;°C |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | pH | 8.21 |-- | Ogsajiinta | 36.61% |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | DBO¹ | 18.33 |-- | DCO{{sup|2}} | 124.3 |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Nitrates (NO₃) | 5.58 |-- | PO₄⁻³ | 2.29 |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | Ammonium | 9.18 |} == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.anrh.dz/ ANRH (Hay'adda Qaranka ee Khayraadka Biyaha)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010511225631/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/algeria/algeria-sitevisits.html Augustine ee Aljeeriya] * [http://www.1902encyclopedia.com/A/ALG/algeria-03.html 1902 Encyclopedia] {{Authority control}} 5ht0vnzqxqdnhdtyb89wyo4qa7ifykj 0 48058 299629 2026-06-26T16:53:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Meraldene | native_name ={{native name|ar|وادي مغلدن}} | name_other = وادي المرابطين | name_etymology = Marabouts stream | nickname = إيغزر ن مرابظن <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = [[Meraldene Dam|Biya-xireenka Meraldene]] | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Degmo | subdivision_name1 = [[Thénia]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmada | subdivision_name2 = [[Thénia District|Thénia]] | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Boumerdès Province|Boumerdès]] | subdivision_type4 = Goob | subdivision_name4 = [[Kabylie]] | subdivision_type5 = Dal | subdivision_name5 = [[Algeria|Aljeeriya]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{Convert|10500|m|ft|abbr=on}} | width_min = {{Convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} | width_avg = {{Convert|7|m|ft|abbr=on}} | width_max = {{Convert|9|m|ft|abbr=on}} | depth_min = {{Convert|3|m|ft|abbr=on}} | depth_avg = {{Convert|8|m|ft|abbr=on}} | depth_max = {{Convert|13|m|ft|abbr=on}} | discharge1_location= [[Thénia]] | discharge1_min = {{Convert|20|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{Convert|25|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = {{Convert|30|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Beni Amrane]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|36.679524|3.5372898|type:river_region:DZ|format=dms|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = 590 m | mouth = [[Boumerdès River|Webiga Boumerdès]] | mouth_location = [[Boumerdès]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|36.7320895|3.5328709|type:river_region:DZ|format=dms|display=inline}} | mouth_elevation = 140 m | progression = [[Beni Amrane]], [[Thénia]], [[Boumerdès]] | river_system = [[River regime]], [[Drainage system (geomorphology)|Nidaamka qulqulka]] | basin_size = {{Convert|140000|m2|ft2|abbr=on}} | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = [[Arbia River|Webiga Arbia]] | tributaries_right = [[Boufroun River|Webiga Boufroun]] | waterbodies = [[Meraldene Dam|Biya-xireenka Meraldene]] | waterfalls = | bridges = {{illm|National Road No. 5 (Algeria)|ar|الطريق الوطني رقم 5 (الجزائر)|lt=National Road No. 5}} | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Oued Meraldene''' ama '''Oued Merabtene''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Oued Bourdine''', waa webi ku yaalla [[Algeria|Aljeeriya]] oo ku yaalla [[Kabylie|Kabylia]] gudaha [[Boumerdès Province|Gobolka Boumerdès]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7577865t/f1.item.r=meralden.zoom|title = L'Echo d'Alger : Journal républicain du matin|date = 12 March 1913}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6586037h/f229.item.r=oued+bourdine.zoom|title=Les Travaux &#91;"puis" nord-africains&#93; : Organe des travaux publics et particuliers en Algérie, en Tunisie et au Maroc... &#91;"puis" Bâtiment, travaux publics, architecture...&#93; / Publié par M. Émile Carret|date=January 1911}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7576132q/f2.item.r=oued+bourdine.zoom|title = L'Echo d'Alger : Journal républicain du matin|date = 28 June 1915}}</ref> == Hordhac == Webiga ''Meraldène'' waa mid ka mid ah [[tributaries|gacan-biyoodyada]] ugu waaweyn ee [[Boumerdès River|Webiga Boumerdès]] kaas oo ah [[river|webi]] [[river mouth|af-webigiisu]] ku yaalla [[Mediterranean Sea|Badda Midhitareen]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k54679568/f149.item.r=Bou-Merdes+Bou-Douaou+Corso+Hassenat+Acherkel+Djerouden.zoom|title=Dictionnaire de la législation algérienne, premier supplément : Manuel des lois, ordonnances, décrets, décisions et arrêtés publiés au "Bulletin officiel des actes du gouvernement" pendant les années 1853, 1854, 1855... / Par M. P. De Ménerville|year=1856}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k55985746/f2.item.r=oued+bourdine+meralden.zoom|title = Journal général de l'Algérie et de la Tunisie : Affiches algériennes et tunisiennes : Organe de la propriété foncière et des intérêts économiques|date = 7 May 1911}}</ref> Webigan wuxuu ka soo askumaa buuraha degmada hadda ee [[Beni Amrane]] ee [[Khachna Massif]] kaas oo hoy u ah meesha ugu sarreysa ee {{illm|Bouzegza Mount|ar|بوزقزة}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7583309h/f5.item.r=Meralden+BouHerdes.zoom|title=L'Echo d'Alger : Journal républicain du matin|date=21 July 1935}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7582351s/f6.item.r=barrage+bourdine.zoom|title = L'Echo d'Alger : Journal républicain du matin|date = 23 November 1930}}</ref> Joog dhan 590 mitir oo ka sarreysa heerka badda meel u dhow tuulooyinka [[Beni Khelifa]] iyo [[Azela, Boumerdès|Azela]], ''Oued Meraldene'' ayaa dhasha si uu u maro marin-biyoodkiisa oo u sii jeeda magaalada hadda ee [[Thénia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7583815z/f8.item.r=Bouisri+barrage+bourdine+passerelle.zoom|title = L'Echo d'Alger : Journal républicain du matin|date = 30 January 1935}}</ref> Aaggani wuxuu hodan ku yahay [[water resource|khayraadka biyaha]] sidaas darteed wuxuu quudiyaa [[Oued|Webiga]] kaas oo markaa raadraaca jidkiisa inta u dhaxaysa tuulooyinka [[Tabrahimt]], [[Meraldene]], [[Gueddara]], [[Soumâa]], [[Tizouighine]] ka hor inta uusan gaarin bannaanka tuulada [[Louz, Boumerdès|Louz]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7574458c/f4.item.r=construction+bourdine.zoom|title=L'Echo d'Alger : Journal républicain du matin|date=4 September 1912}}</ref> == Af-webiga == ''Webiga Meraldene'' wuxuu ku fatahaa [[flood|fatahaad]] gaar ahaan xilliga jiilaalka iyo ''Oued'' wuxuu noqdaa mid aan la mari karin oo khatar ah, wuxuuna keenaa fatahaad ku fida tuulada ''Louz'' oo ka baxsan halkaas oo uu ka helo [[River mouth|af-webigiisa]] isagoo la midoobaya [[Boumerdès River|Webiga Boumerdès]] kaas oo sidoo kale ka soo burqada buuraha ''Beni Amrane'' ka dibna u qulqula ''Badda Midhitareen''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7577865t/f1.item.r=Bourdine.zoom|title = L'Echo d'Alger : Journal républicain du matin|date = 12 March 1913}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96757465/f304.item.r=Bou-Merdes.zoom|title=Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Algérie|date=March 1941}}</ref> Waa sababta ''fatahaadaha'' iyo biyaha kor u kacaya ee labada ''Oueds'' ee heerka ''af-webigan'' awgeed in buundo laga dhisay ''{{illm|National Road No. 5 (Algeria)|ar|الطريق الوطني رقم 5 (الجزائر)|lt=National Road No. 5}}'' si biyuhu u maraan oo aan loo xannibin taraafikada waddooyinka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7583373p/f6.item.r=oued+meralden.zoom|title = L'Echo d'Alger : Journal républicain du matin|date = 24 September 1935}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5442519h/f535.item.r=Bou-Merdes.zoom|title=Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France|date=6 May 1931}}</ref> == Biya-xireenka == {{Main|Meraldene Dam}} Marka la eego badnaanta biyaha qulqulaya ee Oued Meraldene, waxaa la dhisay [[hydraulic dam|biya-xireen]] si loo kaydiyo qayb ka mid ah biyaha qulqulaya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://alger-roi.fr/Alger/barrages/pages/21_menerville_barrage_oued_bourdine_1913_echo_francis.htm |title=Barrage de l'oued Bourdine à Ménerville |website=alger-roi.fr |date=1913-12-03 |accessdate=2022-09-16}}</ref> ''[[Meraldene Dam|Biya-xireenka Meraldene]]'' waxaa la dhisay intii u dhaxaysay 1911 iyo 1913 si loo bixiyo jawaabo ku saabsan su'aalaha dhaqaale ee la xiriira sahayda joogtada ah ee biyaha la cabbo, oo inta badan aad u adag in la gaaro.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5027784t/f4.item.r=Barrage+Bourdine.zoom|title = Les Nouvelles : Journal quotidien du soir|date = 10 May 1911}}</ref> Sidan ayaa 26-kii Febraayo 1913, biya-xireenkan muhiimka ah loo dhammaystiray oo loo daah-furay iyo aqbalkiisa ugu dambeeya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57880167/f2.item.r=Bou-Merdes.zoom|title = Journal général de l'Algérie et de la Tunisie : Affiches algériennes et tunisiennes : Organe de la propriété foncière et des intérêts économiques|date = 2 November 1922}}</ref> Waa qaab-dhismeedka biyaha oo dhererkiisu yahay 14 mitir iyo ballaciisu yahay 70 mitir, isagoo xannibaya ''Dooxada Meraldene'', kaas oo hayn kara mugga biyaha oo dhan 30,000 mitir kuyuubik.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k63976064/f4.item.r=Bou-Merdes.zoom|title = Les Travaux &#91;"puis" nord-africains&#93; : Organe des travaux publics et particuliers en Algérie, en Tunisie et au Maroc... &#91;"puis" Bâtiment, travaux publics, architecture...&#93; / Publié par M. Émile Carret|date = 4 November 1922}}</ref> Biyahan la kaydiyey waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu bixiyo bakhaarrada mashiinnada iyo aqoon-is-weydaarsiyada tareenada ee magaalada [[Thénia]] iyadoo ay la socoto qaadashada tooska ah ee 300 mitir kor u socota.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5681054h/f4.item.r=Arbia+Isser+Bou-Merdes.zoom|title = Journal général de l'Algérie et de la Tunisie : Affiches algériennes et tunisiennes : Organe de la propriété foncière et des intérêts économiques|date = 2 July 1925}}</ref> Naqshadaynta qaab-dhismeedkan muhiimka ah ee biyaha ayaa suurtagelisay in la ururiyo biyo ku filan baahiyaha warshadaha ee gobolka ''Thénia''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k63975484/f4.item.r=Arbia+Isser+Bou-Merdes.zoom|title = Les Travaux &#91;"puis" nord-africains&#93; : Organe des travaux publics et particuliers en Algérie, en Tunisie et au Maroc... &#91;"puis" Bâtiment, travaux publics, architecture...&#93; / Publié par M. Émile Carret|date = 24 September 1921}}</ref> Aqbalkiisa ugu dambeeya waxaa la sameeyay iyadoo biya-xireenka uu buuxo, iyadoo dhammaan shuruudaha la buuxiyey sida isku xirka korontada si loogu shaqeeyo bambooyinkeeda.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6586037h/f230.item.r=Barrage+Bourdine.zoom|title=Les Travaux &#91;"puis" nord-africains&#93; : Organe des travaux publics et particuliers en Algérie, en Tunisie et au Maroc... &#91;"puis" Bâtiment, travaux publics, architecture...&#93; / Publié par M. Émile Carret|date=January 1911}}</ref> == Gallery == <gallery class="center" widths="200px" heights="160px"> File:Dam of Meraldene, Barrage de Merabtene, Thenia, Kabylie.jpg|''Biya-xireenka Meraldene'' File:Col de Ténia (cropped).jpg|[[Meraldene Ravine|Dooxada Meraldene]] </gallery> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[List of rivers of Algeria|Liiska webiyada Aljeeriya]] * [[Meraldene Dam|Biya-xireenka Meraldene]] * [[Boumerdès Valley|Dooxada Boumerdès]] * [[Khachna Massif]] * [[Bouzegza Mountain|Buurta Bouzegza]] * {{illm|List of dams of Algeria|ar|قائمة سدود الجزائر|lt=Liiska biya-xireennada Aljeeriya}} * {{illm|National Road No. 5 (Algeria)|ar|الطريق الوطني رقم 5 (الجزائر)|lt=Jidka Qaranka No. 5}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *{{YouTube|N3pgTujM0NQ|Biya-xireenka Meraldene}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{coord|36.7126595|3.5469278|type:river_region:DZ|format=dms|display=title}} 4mjtmitr643mx7jxcwbqvgt8svgy80a 0 48059 299630 2026-06-26T16:55:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299630 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Soummam Basin OSM.png|thumb|right|Dooxada [[Soummam River|Webiga Soummam]] iyo Bou Sellam (midig)]] '''Webiga Bou Sellam''' ({{langx|kab|Asif n Busellam}}), waa [[webi]] ku yaalla gobolka [[Maghreb]] ee [[Algeria|Aljeeriya]], gaar ahaan [[Bordj Bou Arréridj Province|Gobolka Bordj Bou Arréridj]].<ref>Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.</ref> <ref>[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-pclmaps-oclc-6589746-sheet_2.jpg Defense Mapping Agency, 1981].</ref> Webigu wuxuu dhex maraa Dooxada Bou Sellam, waxaana xannibay [[Ain Zada Dam|Biya-xireenka Ain Zada]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Ain Zada|url=http://www.hidrotehnika.rs/en/algerie/ain-zada/|publisher=Hidrotehnika-Hidroenergetika|accessdate=22 August 2011}}</ref> == Sharraxaad == Dooxada Bou Sellam waxay xiran tahay dhanka waqooyi, laga bilaabo isku-darka webiga iyo [[Sahel River|Webiga Sahel]], iyadoo ay ku taal Buurta Gueldamane. Wadi Bou Sellam wuxuu ka soo degaa jiirarka koonfureed ee [[Mount Megris|Buurta Megris]]; Waxay ka kooban tahay shan webi, Wadi Mahouan, Wadi Mohammed el Hannach, oued Ouricia, Wadi Goussimet iyo Wadi Fermatou, kuwaas oo ku kulma waqooyiga Setif. Webigu markaas wuxuu qaataa magaca Oued Bou Sellam; Wuxuu marka hore u socdaa koonfur-koonfur-galbeed, wuxuu maraa saddex kiiloomitir galbeedka Setif, wuxuuna ka gudbaa silsiladda uu ka soo askumo inta u dhaxaysa djebel Tafat iyo Guergour. Oued Bou Sellam wuxuu helaa wadi Malah, isagoo ka soo askuma Aïn Arnat ilaa biya-xireenka Aïn Zada. Ka dib markuu ka gudbo biya-xireenka Aïn Zada, wuxuu ka gudbaa degmada Khelil dhanka bari wuxuuna helaa laba gacan-biyood oo cusub, [[Wadi Khelil]], kaas oo ka soo qulqula bangiga bidix ee Besbassa badhtamaha u dhexeeya [[El Kherba]] iyo biya-xireenka Aïn Zada iyo [[wadi Taissa]] wax yar ka hor bangiga midig. Inta lagu jiro qaybtan marin-biyoodka, Bou Sellam wuxuu waraabiyaa bannaanka qaniga ah ee Ameur, Ouled Mosli iyo [[Gherazla]]. Laga bilaabo godadka Guergour, si ka duwan, wuxuu ku qulqulaa dhul aad u qallafsan, wuxuu gaaraa cagta Guifsar, wuxuu si lama filaan ah u u leexdaa dhanka galbeed wuxuuna ku qulqulaa wadi Sahel oo ka soo horjeeda meesha ugu sarreysa ee Akbou. == Deegaanka == Webiga Oued Bou Sellam wuxuu ka kooban yahay 36% noocyada kalluunka ee biyaha gudaha Aljeeriya (15 nooc).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sites.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ046_RIS_2009_F.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313013840/http://sites.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ046_RIS_2009_F.pdf |archive-date=2014-03-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} dzdubyl45tagakezod01bmyj0hej4fb 0 48060 299631 2026-06-26T16:57:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Sebou | image = File:Sebou River.svg | image_caption = Goobta uu maro Webiga Sebou ee dalka Marooko | length_km = 496 | source1_elevation = | source1_location = [[Middle Atlas|Atlas-ta Dhexe]] | mouth_location = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | discharge1_avg = {{convert|137|m3/s|abbr=on}} | basin_size = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = Marooko }} '''Sebou''' ([[Berber language|Af-Berber]]: '''Asif en Sbu''', {{langx|ar|سبو}}) waa [[webi]] ku yaalla waqooyiga [[Morocco|Marooko]]. Meesha uu ka soo askumo ee buuraha [[Middle Atlas|Atlas-ta Dhexe]] waxaa loo yaqaan '''Webiga Guigou''' (Af-Berber: '''Asif n Gigu''').<ref>{{cite web|title=Sebou River|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/531260/Sebou-River|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2 December 2012}}</ref> Webigu wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay 496 kiiloomitir wuxuuna leeyahay celcelis ahaan qulqulka biyaha oo ah 137 m³/s, taas oo ka dhigaysa webiga ugu weyn Waqooyiga Afrika marka loo eego mugga. Wuxuu maraa meel u dhow [[Fes, Morocco|Fes]], oo ah [[List of cities in Morocco|magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn]] Marooko, wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] meesha loo yaqaan [[Mehdya, Morocco|Mehdya]]. Sebou waa mid la dhex mari karo (navigation) kaliya 16&nbsp;km ilaa magaalada [[Kenitra]], taas oo leh [[river port|dekadda webiga]] kaliya ee Marooko. Gacan-biyoodyadiisa ugu muhiimsan waa [[Ouergha River|Webiga Ouergha]], [[Baht River|Webiga Baht]] iyo [[Inaouen River|Webiga Inaouen]]. Webigu wuxuu taageeraa [[irrigation|waraabka]] ee gobolka ugu bacrimsan Marooko: [[Rharb|Gharb]]. == Taariikh == Sebou waxaa qarniyadii hore loo yaqaanay Sububus. Pliny the Elder wuxuu sheegay inuu ahaa "magnificus et navigabilis" (weyn oo la mari karo), isagoo mara meel u dhow magaalooyinka [[Iulia Valentia Banasa|Banasa]] (meel u dhow magaalada [[Mechra Bel Ksiri]]) iyo [[Thamusida]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/5*.html|title=Natural History, book V|language=la|author=Pliny the Elder|access-date=6 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.loebclassics.com/view/pliny_elder-natural_history/1938/pb_LCL352.221.xml|title=Natural History, book V, translated|language=en}}</ref> Waxaa jira tixraac taariikheed oo kooban oo ku saabsan Sebou oo loo isticmaalo navigation ka dib [[Early Muslim conquests|qabsashadii Islaamka]]; si kastaba ha ahaatee, [[river mouth|af-webigiisu]] wuxuu ahaa deked iyo goob maraakiibta lagu dhiso oo muhiim ah xilligii [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]]. Sannadihii 1669–1670, suldaankii [[Alaouite dynasty|Alaouite]] [[Al-Rashid of Morocco|Moulay Rashid]] wuxuu dhisay buundo ka gudubta webiga meel u dhow Fes taas oo maanta la ilaaliyay.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Gaudio|first=Attilio|title=Fès: Joyau de la civilisation islamique|publisher=Les Presse de l'UNESCO: Nouvelles Éditions Latines|year=1982|isbn=2723301591|location=Paris}}</ref>{{Rp|28}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pont Oued Sebou|url=http://www.idpc.ma/view/pc_architecture/sanae:380013|access-date=2020-07-28|website=Inventaire et Documentation du Patrimoine Culturel du Maroc|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Le Maroc de 1631 à 1812: extrait de l'ouvrage intitulé "Ettordjemân elmoʿarib ʿan douel elmachriq ou ʿlMaghrib de Aboulqâsem Ben Ahmed Ezziani|publisher=École des langues orientales vivantes|year=1886|pages=21|translator-last=Houdas|translator-first=Octave Victor}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last=Marçais|first=Georges|title=L'architecture musulmane d'Occident|publisher=Arts et métiers graphiques|year=1954|location=Paris}}</ref>{{Rp|410}} Intii lagu jiray muddadii ka horraysay gumaysiga, Sebou wuxuu caan ku ahaa [[Twait shad|kalluunka Twait shad]] kaas oo aad loogu qiimeeyay dadka [[Fez, Morocco|Fez]], laakiin wasakhda awgeed kalluunka shad wuxuu ku dabar go'ay Sebou. Sannadihii ugu horreeyay ee [[French protectorate in Morocco|ilaalinta Faransiiska ee Marooko]] duullimaad ayaa si guul leh u maray Sebou laga bilaabo Sidi Ali Ben Sliman ilaa magaalada Fez oo saaran doon yar oo uumiga ku shaqeysa oo la odhan jiray Le Dantec. == Arrimaha deegaanka == Dhowr [[water pollutant|wasakhda biyaha]] ayaa gala Webiga Sebou, gaar ahaan [[pesticide|sunta cayayaanka]] iyo bacriminta ka yimaada [[surface runoff|qulqulka dusha sare]] ee beeraha iyo [[sewage|wasakhda bulaacadaha]] ee aan la daweynin ee ka yimaada magaalooyinka webiga ku teedsan.<ref>Thieme, Michele & Abell, Robin & Stiassny, Melanie & Skelton, Paul. (2005). ''Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment''. Bibliovault OAI Repository, the University of Chicago Press. 1–431.</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} q1twu16rni66lzk2g65lneie35x23mh 0 48061 299632 2026-06-26T16:59:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Ourika | name_other = ({{langx|ar|نهر أوريكا}}) | name_etymology = | map = Tensift Basin OSM.png | map_size = 250px | map_caption = Nidaamka biyo-mareenka ee Oued Tensift iyo Oued Ourika (xarunta midig) }} '''Webiga Ourika''' ({{langx|ar|نهر أوريكا}}; {{langx|fr|Oued Ourika}}) waa webi ku yaalla [[Morocco|Marooko]], meel ku taal {{coord|31.4|N|7.783333|W}}. Wuxuu ka soo askumaa buuraha [[High Atlas|Atlas-ta Sare]] wuxuuna dhex maraa [[Ourika Valley|Dooxada Ourika]], 30&nbsp;km u jirta magaalada [[Marrakesh]]. == Taariikhda dabiiciga ah == Dhowr dhir oo xiiso leh ayaa laga diiwaan geliyay dooxadan laga bilaabo dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, oo ay ku jirto ''[[Fraxinus dimorpha]]''.<ref>Joseph Dalton Hooker, John Ball and George Maw, 1878.</ref> Dooxadani waa meesha kaliya ee ku taal silsiladda Atlas-ta Sare halkaas oo uu ku nool yahay [[endangered|halis ugu jira inuu dabar go'o]] [[primate|daanyeerka]] [[Barbary macaque]], ''Macaca sylvanus''; daanyeerkan waxaa laga helaa Atlas-ta Dhexe iyo dad kooban oo kala go'ay oo ku nool Aljeeriya iyo Gibraltar.<ref>C. Michael Hogan, 2008.</ref> Gobolka waxaa degan [[Berber people|dadka Berber-ka]] kuwaas oo ku dhaqma hab-nololeed dhaqameed. In kasta oo ay u dhowdahay [[Marrakesh]], haddana waxaa loo arkaa inay weli tahay mid "aan la taaban". <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> Image:Salt-pans near Marrakech 2.JPG|Soosaarka milixda ee Dooxada Ourika File:Ourika river.jpg|Webiga Ourika laftiisa Image:OurikaValleyCarpets.jpg|Rogaal-qallajinta roogagga ee warshad tuulo Berber ah oo ku taal Dooxada Ourika </gallery> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Akhris dheeraad ah == {{commons category|Ourika River}} * C. Michael Hogan (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120419033431/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=31757&lang=us ''Barbary Macaque: Macaca sylvanus'']. Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg. * Joseph Dalton Hooker, John Ball and George Maw (1878). ''Journal of a Tour in Marocco and the Great Atlas''. Macmillan and Company. pth5idhsy07ievb3feih1kmbahh5nni 0 48062 299633 2026-06-26T17:01:22Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Oum Er-Rbia | image = File:Oum Er-Rbia River.svg | image_caption = Goobta uu maro Webiga Oum Er-Rbia ee dalka Marooko | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 6 | length_km = 555 | source1_elevation = | source1_location = [[Middle Atlas|Atlas-ta Dhexe]] | mouth_location = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | discharge1_avg = {{convert|105|m3/s|abbr=on}} | basin_size = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Morocco|Marooko]] }} '''Oum Er-Rbia''' ({{langx|ar|أم الربيع|translit=hooyada gu'ga}}) waa webi weyn, dheer oo leh qulqul-biyood sarreeya oo ku yaalla bartamaha [[Morocco|Marooko]]. Webigu wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay 555&nbsp;km.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=284|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> Iyadoo uu leeyahay celcelis ahaan qulqulka biyaha oo ah 105&nbsp;m³/s, Oum Er-Rbia waa webiga labaad ee ugu weyn Marooko ka dib [[Sebou River|Webiga Sebou]]. Wuxuu ka soo askumaa [[Middle Atlas|Atlas-ta Dhexe]] wuxuuna dhex maraa magaalada [[Khénifra]], isagoo gaara af-webigiisa ee [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] oo ku yaalla dekadda [[Azemmour]], oo ku taal bangigiisa bidix. Oum Er-Rbia wuxuu leeyahay lix biya-xireen, kuwaas oo ugu muhiimsan yahay [[Al Massira Dam|Biya-xireenka Al Massira]]. [[Tributary|Gacan-biyoodyadiisa]] ugu muhiimsan waa [[El-Abid River|Webiga El-Abid]], [[Tessaoute River|Webiga Tessaoute]], iyo [[Lakhdar River|Webiga Lakhdar]]. [[Hanno the Navigator]] ayaa qaar ka mid ah aqoonyahannadu aaminsan yihiin inuu dhex maray Oum Er-Rbia qarnigii 6-aad ee BC.<ref name="r987">{{cite web | title=Hanno the Navigator (2) | website=Livius | date=2020-11-10 | url=https://www.livius.org/articles/person/hanno-1-the-navigator/hanno-1-the-navigator-2/ | access-date=2026-01-08}}</ref> Sida ay sheegeen aqoonyahannadu, magaca asalka ah ee Berber-ka ee webiga waa Wansifen waxaana la beddelay dhawaan, qiyaastii qarnigii 16-aad ama 17-aad, tuulo ku dhow oo la yiraahdo [[Oum Rabia (commune)|Oum Rabia]] ayaa laga yaabaa inay saameyn ku yeelatay isbeddelkan.<ref>{{cite book|script-title=ar:التشوف إلى رجال التصوف, circa 1220 AD|pages=309, 340|author=Ibn al-Zayyat al-Tadili|author-link=Ibn al-Zayyat al-Tadili|edition=[[Ahmed Toufiq]]|language=ar}}</ref> Oum Er-Rbia waxaa quudiya tiro aad u badan oo ah ilo biyoodka dhulka hoostiisa ah. Aagga u dhow meesha uu ka soo askumo waxaa loo yaqaan "Afartan Ilo Biyood", in kasta oo uu yahay eray suugaaneed halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa tirin sax ah.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Gallery == <gallery> File:Sources d'Oum Rabii 1.JPG|Ilo-biyoodkan ayaa ka mid ah ilaha Oum Er-Rbia, meel u dhow [[Khénifra]] File:Sources d'Oum Rabii é.JPG|Qaab-dhismeedyo ku teedsan Oum Er-Rbia File:Azemmour from Oum Er-Rbia.jpg|[[Azemmour]] oo laga arkayo Oum Er-Rbia File:Oum Er R'bia.jpg|Webiga Oum Er-Rbia </gallery> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons category|Oum Er-Rbia River}} {{Coord|33.320|N|8.338|W|display=title|source:cswiki}} {{Authority control}} 43xttqoupqpzi2s3zo9jd85yfgj8p38 299634 299633 2026-06-26T17:01:36Z Isma4l 41797 299634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Oum Er-Rbia | image = File:Oum Er-Rbia River.svg | image_caption = Goobta uu maro Webiga Oum Er-Rbia ee dalka Marooko | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 6 | length_km = 555 | source1_elevation = | source1_location = [[Middle Atlas|Atlas-ta Dhexe]] | mouth_location = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | discharge1_avg = {{convert|105|m3/s|abbr=on}} | basin_size = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Morocco|Marooko]] }} '''Oum Er-Rbia''' ({{langx|ar|أم الربيع|translit=hooyada gu'ga}}) waa webi weyn, dheer oo leh qulqul-biyood sarreeya oo ku yaalla bartamaha [[Morocco|Marooko]]. Webigu wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay 555&nbsp;km.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=284|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> Iyadoo uu leeyahay celcelis ahaan qulqulka biyaha oo ah 105&nbsp;m³/s, Oum Er-Rbia waa webiga labaad ee ugu weyn Marooko ka dib [[Sebou River|Webiga Sebou]]. Wuxuu ka soo askumaa [[Middle Atlas|Atlas-ta Dhexe]] wuxuuna dhex maraa magaalada [[Khénifra]], isagoo gaara af-webigiisa ee [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] oo ku yaalla dekadda [[Azemmour]], oo ku taal bangigiisa bidix. Oum Er-Rbia wuxuu leeyahay lix biya-xireen, kuwaas oo ugu muhiimsan yahay [[Al Massira Dam|Biya-xireenka Al Massira]]. [[Tributary|Gacan-biyoodyadiisa]] ugu muhiimsan waa [[El-Abid River|Webiga El-Abid]], [[Tessaoute River|Webiga Tessaoute]], iyo [[Lakhdar River|Webiga Lakhdar]]. [[Hanno the Navigator]] ayaa qaar ka mid ah aqoonyahannadu aaminsan yihiin inuu dhex maray Oum Er-Rbia qarnigii 6-aad ee BC.<ref name="r987">{{cite web | title=Hanno the Navigator (2) | website=Livius | date=2020-11-10 | url=https://www.livius.org/articles/person/hanno-1-the-navigator/hanno-1-the-navigator-2/ | access-date=2026-01-08}}</ref> Sida ay sheegeen aqoonyahannadu, magaca asalka ah ee Berber-ka ee webiga waa Wansifen waxaana la beddelay dhawaan, qiyaastii qarnigii 16-aad ama 17-aad, tuulo ku dhow oo la yiraahdo [[Oum Rabia (commune)|Oum Rabia]] ayaa laga yaabaa inay saameyn ku yeelatay isbeddelkan.<ref>{{cite book|script-title=ar:التشوف إلى رجال التصوف, circa 1220 AD|pages=309, 340|author=Ibn al-Zayyat al-Tadili|author-link=Ibn al-Zayyat al-Tadili|edition=[[Ahmed Toufiq]]|language=ar}}</ref> Oum Er-Rbia waxaa quudiya tiro aad u badan oo ah ilo biyoodka dhulka hoostiisa ah. Aagga u dhow meesha uu ka soo askumo waxaa loo yaqaan "Afartan Ilo Biyood", in kasta oo uu yahay eray suugaaneed halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa tirin sax ah.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Sawiro == <gallery> File:Sources d'Oum Rabii 1.JPG|Ilo-biyoodkan ayaa ka mid ah ilaha Oum Er-Rbia, meel u dhow [[Khénifra]] File:Sources d'Oum Rabii é.JPG|Qaab-dhismeedyo ku teedsan Oum Er-Rbia File:Azemmour from Oum Er-Rbia.jpg|[[Azemmour]] oo laga arkayo Oum Er-Rbia File:Oum Er R'bia.jpg|Webiga Oum Er-Rbia </gallery> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons category|Oum Er-Rbia River}} {{Coord|33.320|N|8.338|W|display=title|source:cswiki}} {{Authority control}} 4gytzq70gyc7ogr5ttd5aj62bve8j6j 0 48063 299635 2026-06-26T17:03:31Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299635 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sidims3od.JPG|thumb|250px|Webiga Ouergha]] [[File:Sebou Bassin OSM.png|thumb|right|250px|Biyo-mareenka Webiga Sebou oo ay ku jiraan oued Ouergha (xarunta sare)]] '''Webiga Ouergha''' ama Oued Ouerrha ([[Berber language|Af-Berber]]: '''Asif n Wergha'''; [[Arabic language|Af-Carabi]]:واد ورغة) waa marin-biyood ku yaalla [[Morocco|Marooko]] kaas oo ah gacan-biyoodka [[Sebou River|Webiga Sebou]]. == Taariikh == Webiga Ouergha wuxuu ahaa goobta dagaal muhiim ah oo dhacay 1925, kaas oo ay Faransiisku isku dayeen inay ku qabsadaan Rif. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in kasta oo ay awooddooda milatari aad u sarreysay, ciidamada Faransiisku kuma guulaysan inay ka adkaadaan isbahaysiga qabiilka Rifian Berber. == Taariikhda dabiiciga ah == Qaybaha sare ee biyo-mareenka gudaha Atlas-ta Dhexe waa meel uu ku noolaan jiray [[endangered|halis ugu jira inuu dabar go'o]] [[primate|daanyeerka]] [[Barbary macaque]], kaas oo [[prehistoric|xilligii hore]] lahaa deegaan aad uga ballaaran Waqooyiga Afrika.<ref>C. Michael Hogan. 2008</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == {{Commons category|Ouergha River}} * [[Baht River|Webiga Baht]] * [[Middle Atlas|Atlas-ta Dhexe]] == Qoraallo == {{reflist}} == Tixraacyo == * C. Michael Hogan. 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090831095518/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=31757 ''Barbary Macaque: Macaca sylvanus'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg] * William A. Hoisington. 2005. ''Lyautey and the French conquest of Morocco'' {{coord|34|29|10|N|5|21|47|E|type:river_region:MA_scale:2000000|display=title}} 835avev7ot1gij05zs65cpnjrur9szg 0 48064 299636 2026-06-26T17:07:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Loukkos<br>{{lang|ar|واد لوكوس}} | image = Larache et Oued Loukkos.jpg | image_caption = Muuqaalka webiga oo u dhow [[Larache]] | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 8 | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Morocco|Marooko]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Tangier-Tétouan-Al Hoceima]] | source1 = [[Rif Mountains|Buuraha Rif]] | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_location = [[Larache]] | custom_data = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Complexe du bas Loukkos | designation1_date = 15 January 2005 | designation1_number = 1475<ref>{{Cite web|title=Complexe du bas Loukkos|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1475|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} }} [[File:Rivers of North - West Morocco OSM.png|thumb|right|250px|Webiyada waqooyi-galbeed ee Marooko iyadoo uu ku jiro Loukos (bidixda dhexe)]] '''Webiga Loukkos''' ({{langx|ar|واد لوكوس}}; {{langx|es|Río Luco}}) waa webi weyn oo ku yaalla waqooyiga [[Morocco|Marooko]]. In kasta oo uu gaaban yahay (qiyaastii 100&nbsp;km), webigu waa kii saddexaad ee ugu weyn Marooko isagoo leh celcelis ahaan qulqul-biyood dhan 50 m³/s. Meesha uu ka soo askumo webiga Loukkos waxay ku taal [[Rif Mountains|Buuraha Rif]] wuxuuna ku shubmaa Badweynta Atlaantik ee magaalada [[Larache]]; dekadda magaalada waxay ku taal webiga. Biyo-mareenka webiga Loukkos waa 3,730&nbsp;km² wuxuuna ka kooban yahay mid ka mid ah dhulalka beeraha ugu bacrimsan uguna wax-soo-saarka badan dalka. Mid ka mid ah gacan-biyoodyada webiga, Oued Makhazine, ayaa leh muhiimad taariikheed oo weyn tan iyo markii uu goobjoog u ahaa mid ka mid ah dagaalladii ugu go'aanka badnaa ee taariikhda Marooko: [[Battle of Alcácer Quibir|Dagaalkii Alcácer Quibir]]. Dagaalkii 4-tii Agoosto 1578, ciidankii wadajirka ahaa ee boqorkii Marooko ee xilka laga qaaday [[Abu Abdallah Mohammed II Saadi]] iyo xulufadiisa, Boqor [[Sebastian of Portugal]], waxaa ka adkaaday ciidankii suldaankii cusbaa ee Marooko ee ka soo jeeday isku [[Saadi dynasty|qoyska Sacdiga]] (kaas oo sidoo kale ahaa adeerka Abu Abdallah). Lukkus waa webiga ugu weyn waqooyiga Marooko. In kasta oo uu gaaban yahay, webigan wuxuu xambaarsan yahay qulqulka biyaha ee saddexaad ee ugu weyn Marooko. Webigu wuxuu keeni karaa fatahaad weyn xilliyada daadadka. Sannadkii 1775 webigu wuxuu ka soo muuqday khariidad uu sameeyay Tomás López y Vargas oo leh magaca "River Lucos.<ref>[http://bibliotecadigital.rah.es/dgbrah/i18n/consulta/registro.cmd?id=12851 Mapa general que comprehende los Reynos de Marruecos, Fez, Argel y Túnez Material cartográfico / Compuesto Con los mejores Mapas, y con lo que escribieron Mármol, Torres, Haedo, Dapper, Abreville, Daviti, La Mote y otros. Por D. Tomás López y Vargas, Geógrafo por S. M. de sus dominios, de la Real Academia de San Fernando, de la Real Sociedad Bascongada de los Amigos del País, y de la Real de Buenas Letras de Sevilla] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928055852/http://bibliotecadigital.rah.es/dgbrah/i18n/consulta/registro.cmd?id=12851 |date=2017-09-28 }}.</ref> Muddo ayuu webigu ahaa xadka u dhexeeya Marooko iyo dhulalka boqortooyada Faransiiska. == Taariikh == === Taariikhda qadiimiga ah === Magaalada qadiimiga ah ee [[Lixus (ancient city)|Lixus]] waxay ku taal [[Tchemmich Hill]] oo ku taal bangiga midig ee Webiga Loukkos (magacyo kale: Oued Loukous; Locus River), oo waqooyi ka xiga dekedda casriga ah ee [[Larache]].<ref>''Prehistoria de España: Trabajos dedicados al IV Congreso Internacional'', Santiago Alcobé y Noguer</ref> Goobtu waxay ku taal gudaha xuduudaha magaalada Larache, iyo qiyaastii saddex kiiloomitir gudaha gudaha laga bilaabo af-webiga iyo Badweynta Atlaantik. Laga soo bilaabo 80 mitir oo ka sarreysa bannaanka, goobtu waxay maamushaa dhul-beereedka uu webigu dhex maro. Lixus waxaa loo aasaasay inay tahay gumeysi [[Phoenicia|Fenikiyaan]] ah, ka dib markii badmaaxiintii Fenikiyaanka ay ka gudbeen Badda Alboran si ay u gaaraan Badweynta Atlaantik.<ref>C.Michael Hogan. 2011. [http://www.eoearth.org/article/Alboran_Sea?topic=49523 ''Alboran Sea''. eds. P. Saundry & C. J. Cleveland. ''Encyclopedia of Earth''. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC]</ref> Burburka Lixus waxaa ka mid ah qubaysyo, macbadyo, darbiyo qarnigii 4-aad, sagxad moosayga ah, iyo haraaga cakiran ee Capitol Hill. Dhanka sare ee webiga, El-Ksar el Kebir, waxaa loo aasaasay gumeysi Kartajiniyan ah kaas oo ka dib [[Punic Wars|Dagaalladii Punic]] uu galay [[Roman Empire|maamulka Roomaanka]] iyadoo lagu magacaabo Oppidum Novum.<ref>M. Ponsich, "Territoires utiles du Maroc punique," in H. G. Niemeyer, ed. Phoenizier im Westen. Mainz, 1982, 438.</ref> === Taariikhda casriga ah === [[File:Alacacer Quibir, Ksar el-Kébir (El- Ksar), les rives de l'oued Loukkes.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Webiga Lukkus oo maraya [[Ksar El Kebir]] 1900]] [[Confluence|Isku-darka]] Webiga Loukkos iyo gacan-biyoodyadiisa, al-Mahazin, wuxuu ahaa goobta dagaal muhiim ah 1578 - [[Battle of Alcácer Quibir|Dagaalkii Alcácer Quibir]],<ref name="chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Al Kasr al Kebir". Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 686.</ref> kaas oo laba qof oo ku tartamayay carshiga Marooko lagu dilay, sidaas oo kale boqorkii [[Portugal|Bortuqiiska]]. [[Sebastian of Portugal]], boqor [[Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I Saadi]] iyo ninkii kula tartamayay [[Abu Abdallah Mohammed II Saadi]] dhammaantood waa la dilay, taas oo soo afjartay himilooyinkii Bortuqiiska ee ahaa inay duullaan ku qaadaan oo ay kirishtaaneeyaan [[Maghreb|Maghribka]].<ref name="chisholm"/> Mid ka mid ah sababaha ugu waaweyn ee guuldarada ciidamada [[Portugal|Bortuqiiska]] waxay ahayd kor u kaca biyaha Webiga Loukkos intii lagu jiray dagaalka. Natiijadii dagaalkan, Bortuqiisku wuxuu waayay heerkiisii awood weyn. Sannadkii 1970 [[Thor Heyerdahl]] wuxuu booqday [[estuary|af-webiga]] Loukkos, wuxuuna darsoobay doonyaha [[reed boat|cawska]] ee ay samaysteen [[fishermen|kalluumeysatada]] maxalliga ah qorshihiisii ahaa inuu ku dhoofo "[[Ra II]]". Sida uu qabo Heyerdahl badmaaxiintii hore ee [[Phoenicia|Fenikiyaanka]] iyo [[Egypt|Masar]] kuwaas oo noqday aasaasayaashii dhaqamada Mesoamerican waxay ka soo ambabaxeen meel u dhow Lukkus.<ref>[http://www.outdoors.ru/book/tur/ra_11.php Тур Хейердал, «Ра», гл. 11].</ref> <gallery> File: حوض القصر الكبير.JPG|Grand Palace basin. File:Vue sur le site archéologique de Lixus (14398275513).jpg|goobta Lixus file:Larache - Oued Loukous.jpg |Larache oo ku taal af-webiga Oued Loukous. File:Gué du Loukkos.jpg |El Ksar 1900 </gallery> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons category|Loukkos River}} {{coord|35|12|15|N|6|08|34|W|source:kolossus-arwiki|display=title}} {{Authority control}} 0tlxj1pek9gjj4ovcwq1cqwzx5ffyih 0 48065 299637 2026-06-26T17:11:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299637 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Canal Medina Fez Morocco 100817 (49684330503).jpg|thumb|Oued Bou Khrareb (qayb ka mid ah Oued Fes) oo dhex maraya [[Fes el Bali|Fes el-Bali]], oo la arkay 2020|alt=|upright=1.3]] '''Webiga Fes''' ({{Langx|ar|واد فاس|macnihiisu yahay 'Webiga Fes'}}) waa [[webi]] ku yaalla [[Morocco|Marooko]]. Waa [[gacan-biyood]] ka mid ah [[Sebou River|Webiga Sebou]] waxaana taariikh ahaan uu ahaa isha ugu weyn ee biyaha ee magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn [[List of cities in Morocco|Marooko]], [[Fez, Morocco|Fes]], kaas oo uu magaca ka qaato. Webigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhowr [[Stream|durdurro]] oo kala duwan kuwaas oo ka soo askuma Saïss Plain oo koonfur iyo galbeed ka xiga Fes ka hor inta aysan isugu biirin aagga [[Fes el Bali|Fes el-Bali]], magaaladii hore ([[Medina quarter|medina]]) ee Fes.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last=Le Tourneau|first=Roger|title=Fès avant le protectorat: étude économique et sociale d'une ville de l'occident musulman|publisher=Société Marocaine de Librairie et d'Édition|year=1949|location=Casablanca}}</ref><ref name="Métalsi 2003">{{Cite book|last=Métalsi|first=Mohamed|title=Fès: La ville essentielle|publisher=ACR Édition Internationale|year=2003|isbn=978-2867701528|location=Paris}}</ref> Qarniyo badan webiga waxaa loo kala qaybiyay oo loo leexiyay qulqulatooyin badan oo [[Canal|kanaallo]] ah kuwaas oo biyaha ku qaybiyay magaalada oo marar badan awood siiyay [[Noria|mishiinnada biyaha]] taariikhiga ah.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":4" /> Kanaalladan biyaha ee kala duwan waxay ku biiraan '''Oued Bou Khrareb''' kaas oo dhex mara magaalada hore oo taariikh ahaan u qaybiyay xaafadaha ''Qarawiyyin'' iyo ''Andalusiyyin''.<ref name=":02" /> Ka dib marka webigu ka baxo magaalada wuxuu u socdaa bari masaafo gaaban ka hor inta uusan ku biirin Webiga Sebou. Laamaha iyo qaybaha kala duwan ee webiga, oo ay ku jiraan qaar badan oo ka mid ah kanaallada gacanta lagu sameeyay, sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin magacyadooda. == Sharraxaadda webiga == === Isha === Webigu wuxuu ka bilaabmaa Ras al-Ma ("Madaxa Biyaha"), 12 [[Kilometre|kiiloomitir]] koonfur-galbeed ka xiga magaalada, oo ka soo baxaya god [[Lake|haro]] [[limestone|dhagax nuureed]], oo leh [[Discharge (hydrology)|qulqul]] qiyaastii 500 [[Litre|litir]]/ilbiriqsi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Madani|first=Tariq|date=1999|title=Le réseau hydraulique de la ville de Fès|journal=Archéologie islamique|volume=8-9|pages=119–142}}</ref>{{Rp|131}} === Oued al-Jawahir === Laanta ugu weyn ee webiga waxay ku wareegtaa geeska waqooyi ee dhulka [[Dar al-Makhzen (Fez)|Qasriga Boqortooyada]] (''Dar al-Makhzen'') iyo [[Fes Jdid|Fes el-Jdid]] ka hor inta aysan gelin [[Fes el Bali|Fes el-Bali]]. Qaybtan waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaannaa ''Oued al-Jawahir'' ({{Langx|ar|واد الجواهر|macnihiisu yahay 'Webiga Luulka'}}).<ref name=":02" /> Waxay mar dhex martay aag fidsan oo ah dhulal dhiin ah iyo [[Wetland|dhul-qoyan]] oo ku yaalla meel u dhow waxa hadda ah Fes el-Jdid iyo ''Ville Nouvelle'' ee casriga ah, ka hor inta aysan ka soo bixin meelo dhowr ah.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Gaudio|first=Attilio|title=Fès: Joyau de la civilisation islamique|publisher=Les Presse de l'UNESCO: Nouvelles Éditions Latines|year=1982|isbn=2723301591|location=Paris}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tan iyo markii la aasaasay Fes el-Jdid (qarnigii 13-aad), Oued al-Jawahir si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa loo leexiyay qaarna ka mid ah durdurradii hore waxay u muuqdaan inay baaba'een.<ref name=":6" /> Qulqulka webiga waxaa dib loo habeeyay si loo siiyo biyo dhismaha Qasriga Boqortooyada iyo taxane ah jardiinooyinka boqortooyada sida [[Mosara Garden|Jardiinooyinka Mosara]] ee [[Marinid Sultanate|Marinid-ka]] (hadda baaba'ay) iyo [[Jnan Sbil Gardens|Jardiinooyinka Jnan Sbil]] ee qarnigii 19-aad (hadda jira), ka hor inta aysan u sii socon dhinaca Fes el-Bali, halkaas oo loo qaybiyo shabakad ballaaran oo durdurro iyo kanaallo gacanta lagu sameeyay kuwaas oo ku dhammaada Oued Bou Khrareb.<ref name="Métalsi 2003" /><ref name=":02" /> === Oued Bou Khrareb === {{multiple image | total_width = 400 | image1 = ETH-BIB-Fluss in Fès-Nordafrikaflug 1932-LBS MH02-13-0369.tif | alt1 = | caption1 = Oued Bou Khrareb oo ku jira sawir laga qaaday 1932 | image2 = Fes insolite.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = Oued Bou Khrareb sanadkii 2020 | footer = }} ''Oued Bou Khrareb'' (ama mararka qaarkood ''Oued el-Kbir'') waa magaca caadiga ah ee loo bixiyay koorsada magaalo ee ugu weyn ee webiga dhex mara Fes el-Bali.<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|122}} Webigan waxaa marka hore quudiya laba durdurro kale oo loo yaqaanno ''Oued ez-Zitoun'' iyo ''Oued Bou Fekran'' kuwaas oo magaalada ka gala koonfurta [[Gates of Fez|Bab Jdid]].<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|234}} Waxaa sidoo kale quudiya kanaallada kala duwan ee ka go'ay Oued al-Jawahir si ay u siiyaan biyaha magaalada ka hor inta aysan ugu dambeyntii ku dhammaan qulqulatankan dhex mara magaalada. Maadaama uu yahay barta ugu hooseysa ee medina, webigu wuxuu sidaas darteed u shaqeeyaa sidii ururiye loogu talagalay biyaha la isticmaalay ee magaalada.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Koorsada Bou Khrareb sidoo kale waxay samaysaa xadka taariikhiga ah ee u dhexeeya xaafadaha [[University of al-Qarawiyyin|Qarawiyyin]] iyo [[Andalusian Mosque|Andalus]] ee magaalada, kuwaas oo markii hore ahaa laba magaalo oo kala gooni ah (''al-'Aliya'' iyo ''Madinat Fas'') taariikhdoodii hore ka hor inta aysan isku biirin [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid-ka]] qarnigii 11-aad.<ref name=":02" /> Qayb weyn oo ka mid ah koorsada Oued Bou Khrareb, laga bilaabo Bab Jdid ilaa [[R'cif Mosque|Place R'cif]], ayaa hadda ku qarsoon waddo casri ah oo loogu talagalay taraafikada baabuurta (mid ka mid ah kuwa yar ee gala medina). Waddadu waxay dabooshaa webiga ilaa Place R'cif, oo ah fagaare weyn oo ku yaalla wadnaha medina, webiguna wuxuu dib uga soo baxaa dhinaca waqooyi ee fagaaraha.<ref name="Métalsi 2003" /><ref name=":02" /> Halkaas webigu wuxuu u socdaa waqooyi-bari wuxuuna ka baxaa magaalada inta u dhaxaysa [[Bab Guissa]] iyo iridda hore ee Bab Sidi Bou Jida.<ref name=":02" /> == Shabakadda biyaha ee taariikhiga ah ee Fes == [[File:Oued Fes east of old mechouar DSCF5004.jpg|alt=|thumb|Muuqaalka sariirta webiga Oued al-Jawahir oo ka soo baxaya hoosta darbiyada [[Dar al-Makhzen (Fez)#Old Mechouar (Vieux Méchouar)|Old Mechouar]] (iyadoo loo marayo afarta qaansaley ee midigta) ee [[Fes Jdid|Fes el-Jdid]]. Qaybaha ugu waaweyn ee webiga (laba kanaal oo ka muuqda safka hore ee bidixda) waxay halkan ka dhacaan iyo jardiinooyinka ku dhow ee [[Jnan Sbil Gardens|Jnan Sbil]].]] Fes el-Bali waxay heshay biyo badan tan iyo markii la aasaasay.<ref name=":02" /> Qorshayaashii hadda ee nidaamka sahayda biyaha waxaa bilaabay [[Zenata|Zenata]] [[emir|amiir]] Dunas ibn Hamama intii u dhaxaysay 1037 iyo 1049 ka dibna waxaa sii sharraxay [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid-ka]] amiir [[Yusuf ibn Tashfin]] intii u dhaxaysay 1069 (qabsashadii Almoravid ee Fes) iyo 1106.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last1=Marcos Cobaleda|first1=Maria|last2=Villalba Sola|first2=Dolores|date=2018|title=Transformations in medieval Fez: Almoravid hydraulic system and changes in the Almohad walls|journal=The Journal of North African Studies|volume=23|issue=4|pages=591–623|doi=10.1080/13629387.2017.1371596}}</ref> Laga soo bilaabo galbeedka, Oued al-Jawahir wuxuu u socdaa bari dhinaca geeska waqooyi ee Fes el-Jdid, isagoo dhex maraya [[Dar al-Makhzen (Fez)#Bab Bou Jat Mechouar|Bab Bou Jat Mechouar]], [[Dar al-Makina]] (warshad hub oo hore), ka dibna ka hooseeya [[Dar al-Makhzen (Fez)#Old Mechouar (Vieux Méchouar)|Old Mechouar]] meel u dhow [[Bab Dekkakin]] ka hor inta uusan dib uga soo bixin dhinaca bari, oo ku taal geeska Jardiinooyinka Jnan Sbil. Halkan waxay ka soo baxdaa afar furitaan oo qaansaley ah oo ku yaalla xagga hoose ee [[Rampart (fortification)|gidaarrada]] Old Mechouar iyo qaybta ugu weyn ee webiga ee gacanta lagu sameeyay ayaa halkan ka dhacda.<ref name=":3" /> Qaybtan waxay abuurtaa kanaallo dhowr ah (inta badan waa kuwo dhulka hoostiisa ah) iyada oo loo marayo Fes el-Bali kuwaas oo ugu dambeyntii dib ugu shuba Oued Bou Khrareb (magaca koorsada ugu weyn ee webiga ee gudaha magaalada).<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":02" /> Waxaa jira afar qaybood oo kanaal taariikhi ah oo waaweyn: ''Oued Fejjalin'', ''Oued el-Hamiya'', ''Sakiyyat el-Abbasa'', iyo ''Oued Shrashar''.<ref name=":02" /> Inta badan kuwan ayaa markaa u kala go'a kanaallo kale iyadoo ay sii socdaan magaalada. Shabakad kasta, kanaallada biyaha ee bixiya biyaha cabbitaanka iyo dhaqidda waxaa laga ilaaliyay kuwii loo isticmaalay in lagu daadgureeyo qashinka.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book|last=Salmon|first=Xavier|title=Fès mérinide: Une capitale pour les arts, 1276-1465|publisher=Lienart|year=2021|isbn=9782359063356|pages=296–299}}</ref> Oued Fejjalin waa mid ka mid ah qaybaha ugu muhiimsan. Waxay dhex martaa qaybta waqooyi ee Jardiinooyinka Jnan Sbil iyo [[Dar el-Beida, Fez|Dar al-Beida Palace]], ka hor inta aysan u kala qaybsamin laamo badan. Hal laan ayaa u socota koonfur laakiin inta badan maanta way baaba'day. Midda kale, ''Oued el-Lemtiyyin,'' waxay u socotaa waqooyi-bari dhinaca aagga Bou Jeloud waxayna bixisay qaybaha waqooyi ee magaalada.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":02" /> Isla marka ay gasho gidaarrada magaalada, biyaha ''Oued el-Lemtiyyin'' waxaa ururiya dhismo qaybiye weyn oo ku yaalla dhinaca koonfureed ee iridda [[Bab Bou Jeloud]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite book|last=Madani|first=Tariq|url=http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/madani_t|title=L'eau dans le monde musulman médiéval : L'exemple de Fès (Maroc) et de sa région|publisher=Université Lyon II (thesis)|year=2003}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> Dhismaha waxaa laga sameeyay leben iyo [[rammed earth|dhoobo la tumay]]. Waxay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa xilligii Almoravid,<ref name=":4" /> in kasta oo gidaarka dhinaca galbeed uu yahay qayb ka mid ah [[Fortifications of Fez|gidaarrada magaalada]] Almohad iyo qaar ka mid ah astaamaha haydarooliga waxay u badan tahay inay mareen wax ka beddello sannadihii la soo dhaafay maadaama magaaladu horumartay ama heshiisyadii nidaaminayay qaybinta biyaha ay isbeddeleen.<ref name=":9" /> Waxay leedahay saddex furitaan oo qaansaley ah oo u horseeda qolal qaansaley ah oo hoos yimaada gidaarka kuwaas oo biyuhu markaa uga soo baxaan dhinaca kale saddex kanaal oo hawada u furan ama "aagag", oo ku yaalla meelo kala duwan oo dherer ah. Aagga dhexe wuxuu ka kooban yahay kayd weyn oo biyaha geliya saddex kanaal oo dhulka hoostiisa ah dhinaca bari. Labada aag ee kale, oo ku yaalla dhul ka sarreeya oo dhinac kasta ka mid ah tan, waxay heleen qaddar yar oo biyo ah laakiin waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u adag, oo ka kooban barkado iyo kanaallo badan oo yaryar kuwaas oo nidaaminayay qaybinta xaafadaha maxalliga ah. Kala duwanaanshaha qoto dheer iyo dhererka kaydadka iyo kanaallada kala duwan waxay muujiyeen heshiisyadii biyaha ee la xidhay kuwaas oo xaafado ama dhismayaal qaarkood ay mudnaan u lahaayeen biyaha, halka goobo kale, oo mudnaan yar leh, ay heleen oo kaliya marka heerka biyuhu sarreeyay ku filan si ay u gaaraan kanaallada iyo kaydadka ku yaalla meelo sare. Biyaha soo galaya qaybiyaha waxaa sidoo kale hoos loo dhigay oo loo leexiyay biyo-xireenno yaryar iyo [[Settling basin|barkado dejin]], iyo sidoo kale kaydadka kala duwan laftooda, kuwaas oo sidaas darteed sidoo kale u shaqeeyay sidii nidaam [[water treatment|daawaynta biyaha]] oo aasaasi ah iyagoo qabanaya oo shaandhaynaya qashinka iyo wasakhda kale ee jidheed. Qaybiyahan, biyaha ayaa markaa ku faafay kanaallo kala duwan oo dhulka hoostiisa ah oo dhex mara xaafadaha ku yaalla dhinaca hoose, iyadoo laga bilaabayo kuwa ku yaalla meelaha [[Tala'a Kebira]] iyo Tala'a Seghira. Mid ka mid ah kanaallada ayaa weli dhex mara barxadda [[Bou Inania Madrasa]] maanta. Dhismayaal qaybiye kale, oo cabbir iyo kakanaansho yar, ayaa ku yaallay shabakaddan oo dhan iyo shabakado kale si loo sii nidaamiyo qaybinta biyaha.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":3" /> Sida Oued el-Hamiya, waxay ka go'daa laamaha kale ee waaweyn ee Jnan Sbil ka hor inta aysan u kala qaybsamin laamo badan kuwaas oo inta badan siiya qaybaha koonfureed ee magaalada.<ref name=":3" /> Mid ka mid ah laamaheeda ayaa sidoo kale mar bixiyay, iyada oo loo marayo kanaal biyood, xaafadda [[Andalusian Mosque|Andalus]] ee ku taal xeebta ka soo horjeeda ee webiga Bou Khrareb.<ref name=":02" /> Labadii laamood ee ugu dambeeyay, Sakiyyat al-Abbasa iyo Oued Shrashar, waxay bixiyeen gobollada u dhow [[Gates of Fez|Bab al-Hadid]] iyo jardiinooyinka u dhexeeya Fes el-Jdid iyo Fes el-Bali.<ref name=":02" /> Marka laga soo tago shabakaddan galbeed ee kanaallada ka imanaya Oued al-Jawahir, durdurrada koonfurta magaalada (kuwaas oo sidoo kale samaystay bilowgii Webiga Bou Khrareb) waxay quudiyeen kanaal gebi ahaanba gooni ah laakiin muhiim ah oo loo yaqaanno ''Oued Masmuda''.<ref name=":02" /> Kanaalkan, oo sii bari ka sii jira, wuxuu siiyay biyo xaafadda Andalus ee Fes qaybta koonfur-bari ee webiga Bou Khrareb.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":3" /> Waxay ka bilaabataa koonfurta magaalada waxayna dhex martay gidaarradii hore ee magaalada iyada oo loo marayo furitaan [[culvert|kanaal]] loo yaqaanno ''Bab ash-Shobbak'' ("Iridda Daaqadda") kaas oo lagu ilaaliyay [[Grille (architecture)|shabaq]] bir ah.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":02" /> Kanaallo kale oo yar ayaa ka go'ay intii ay ku sii socotay degmada, ilaa ay ugu dambeyntii dib ugu biirtay webiga Bou Khrareb wax yar ka hor inta aysan ka bixin magaalada.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":3" /> Kanaalku wuxuu u muuqdaa in loogu magac daray [[Masmuda]] [[Berbers|Berber-ka]] qabiilka qabiilka kaas oo aasaasay [[Almohad Caliphate|dhaqdhaqaaqa Almohad]], taas oo soo jeedinaysa in laga yaabo inay dhisteen Almohads ama in qoysaska Masmuda ama ciidamadooda lagu dejiyay agteeda waqti ka mid ah.<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|113}} [[File:Noria in fes DSCF2893.jpg|alt=|thumb|Taariikhi ''[[noria]]'' (mishiinka biyaha) oo ku yaalla geeska galbeed ee Jardiinooyinka Jnan Sbil ee u dhexeeya Fes el-Jdid iyo [[Fes el Bali|Fes el-Bali]].]] Kanaalladan taariikhiga ah ee badankood hadda waa dhulka hoostiisa, iyadoo kaliya qaar ka mid ah [[Toponymy|magacyada goobaha]] qadiimiga ah ay tilmaamayaan buundooyinkii hore ee dushooda maray (tusaale magaca ''Qantrat Bou Rous'' oo qayb ka mid ah [[Tala'a Kebira]]).<ref name=":02" /> Kanaalladan iyo durdurradan waxay sidoo kale quudiyaan warshado dhowr ah sida [[Tanning (leather)|harag-qurxinta]] taariikhiga ah ee magaalada, kuwaas oo kuwa ugu caansan ay yihiin [[Chouara Tannery|Harag-qurxinta Chouara]].<ref name=":02" /> Tiro badan oo [[Water wheel|mishiinnada biyaha]] (oo loo yaqaanno ''[[noria]]''s ama mararka qaarkood ''saqiyya''s) ayaa ku yaallay shabakadda biyaha ee magaalada oo dhan si ay u caawiyaan qaybinta biyaha ama ay u awood siiyaan warshado gaar ah.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":3" /> Qaar ka mid ah kuwan ayaa ahaa kuwo aad u waaweyn, sida noria weyn oo bixisay jardiinooyinka boqortooyada Marinid ee [[Mosara Garden|Mosara]], oo cabbirkeedu ahaa 26 mitir dhexroor iyo 2 mitir dhumuc ah.<ref name="Métalsi 2003" /> Kaliya dhowr ka mid ah mishiinnadan biyaha ayaa ku badbaaday qaab uun, oo ay ku jiraan tusaalooyin dhowr ah oo ku wareegsan Jardiinooyinka Jnan Sbil.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":4" /> == Buundooyinka taariikhiga ah == [[File:Pont - Pont sur l'oued Fès - Fès - Médiathèque de l'architecture et du patrimoine - AP62T089238.jpg|left|thumb|Buundada Bin el-Mudun sawir 1916 ah]] Oued Bou Khrareb waxaa ka gudba dhowr buundooyin taariikhi ah oo gudaha medina, qaar ka mid ah kuwaas oo la dhisay ka hor inta aan la midaynin labada xeebood oo hal magaalo ah qarnigii 11-aad.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=El Ouardighi |first=Samir |date=26 May 2017 |title=La magnifique rénovation des 27 monuments de Fès – Conseil Régional du Tourisme (CRT) de Fès |url=https://medias24.com/2017/05/26/un-evenement-projet-par-projet-la-magnifique-renovation-des-27-monuments-de-fes/ |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=Médias24 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Waxaa marar badan jiray ugu yaraan lix buundooyin, oo la sheegay inuu dhisay [[Maghrawa|Maghrawa]] taliye Dunas ibn Hamama horraantii qarnigii 11-aad, ka hor inta aan la midaynin labada magaalo ee [[Almoravids|Almoravid-ka]] ka dib qarnigii isku midka ah.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Gaillard|first=Henri|title=Une ville de l'Islam: Fès|url=https://archive.org/details/unevilledelisla00gailgoog|publisher=J. André|year=1905|location=Paris|pages=[https://archive.org/details/unevilledelisla00gailgoog/page/n55 32]}}</ref><ref name=":02" />{{Rp|page=51}}<ref name=":0" /> Tan iyo markaas waxaa la hagaajiyay ama dib loo dhisay marar badan.<ref name=":5" /> Taariikhyahankii qarnigii 14-aad [[Al-Jazna'i]] wuxuu soo sheegay in taliyaha Almoravid [[Yusuf ibn Tashfin|Yusuf Ibn Tashfin]] (d. 1106) uu dhisay lix buundooyin, kuwaas oo loo kala magacaabay ''Abu Tuba'', ''Abu Barquqa'', ''Bab al-Silsila'', ''Sebbaghin'', ''Kahf al-Waqqadin'', iyo ''er-Remila''.<ref name=":4" /> Inta badan waxaa lagu baabbi'iyay fatahaadihii 725 AH (1324 ama 1325 CE) qaarna waxaa dib u dhisay [[Marinid|Marinid]] suldaankii xilligaas, [[Abu Sa'id Uthman II|Abu Sa'id]] (d. 1331).<ref name=":5" /> Buundooyin qaar ayaa baaba'ay laakiin magacyadoodu waxay ku sii jireen magacyo goobaha maxalliga ah.<ref name=":5" /> Daraasad ay sameeyeen María Marcos Cobaleda iyo Dolores Villalba Sola ayaa sheegtay in laba ka mid ah buundooyinka Almoravid weli la keydiyay.<ref name=":4" /> Taariikhyahan Roger Le Tourneau wuxuu ku qiyaasay in saddexda buundo ee ugu waaweyn maanta ay dib ugu noqdaan xilligii [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]] ugu yaraan.<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|page=148}} [[File:ETH-BIB-Brücke in Fès-Nordafrikaflug 1932-LBS MH02-13-0385.tif|thumb|Buundada Terrafin ("Buundada Kabatoleyda") ee ka sarreysa webiga 1932. Maanta buundada waxay ku taal geeska waqooyi ee Place R'cif.]] Buundooyinka maanta haray, ''Qantrat Bin el-Mudun'' ("Buundada u dhaxaysa labada magaalo") waa tan ugu waqooyi, waxaana xiga dhinaca koonfureed ''Qantrat Sebbaghin'' ("Buundada Harag-qurxiyeyaasha"; sidoo kale loo yaqaanno Buundada Gzam Ben Zakkoun) iyo ''Qantrat Terrafin'' ("Buundada Kabatoleyda") oo waqooyi ka xiga Place R'cif.<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|page=|pages=128, 142–145}} Buundo kale, ''Qantrat Sidi al-'Awwad'' ("Buundada Sidi al-'Awwad"), ayaa mar ku taallay koonfurta fog, aagga uu webigu hadda ku dabooshan yahay waddo laamiga ah.<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|page=|pages=142–146}} Dhaqan ahaan, saddexda buundo ee ugu muhiimsan waxay ahaayeen ''Bin el-Mudun'', ''Terrafin'', iyo ''Sidi al-'Awwad'', kuwaas oo mid kasta uu ku yaallay waddo weyn oo ka mid ah xaafadda Andalus (xeebta bari).<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|page=142}} Buundada ''Bin el-Mudun'', oo la rumeysan yahay inay ka soo jeeddo waqtigii Dunas ibn Hamama, waxaa loo tixgeliyey mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu quruxda badan, iyada oo ku taalla dhexda meel dhagax ah oo [[rapids|biyo xawaare sare leh]].<ref name=":5" /> María Marcos Cobaleda iyo Dolores Villalba Sola waxay u aaneeyaan xilligii Almoravid.<ref name=":4" /> Waxay leedahay ballac ka kooban saddex qaansaley laakiin kaliya kan dhexe ayaa weli muuqda maanta.<ref name=":4" /> Buundada ''Sebbaghin'', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno Buundada ''Khrashfiyin'' (ama ''Khrachfiyine'' oo ku qoran Faransiiska [[transliteration|far-qoraal]]), waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay asal ahaan dhistay Dunas ibn Hamama oo ay soo celisay ama dib u dhistay Marinids qarnigii 14-aad.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> Buundada ''Terrafin'' ama ''al-Tarrafin'',<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> oo asal ahaan loo magacaabay ''Qantrat Bab al-Silsila'',<ref name=":4" /> waxaa laga helaa geeska waqooyi ee Place R'cif. Waxa kale oo la rumeysan yahay inay bilowgii ka soo jeeddo Amiir Dunas qarnigii 11-aad,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> halka María Marcos Cobaleda iyo Dolores Villalba Sola ay u aaneeyaan xilligii Almoravid sidoo kale.<ref name=":4" /> Waa buundada kaliya ee ku taal Fes oo ay dukaanno ku leeyihiin labada dhinac, oo la mid ah buundooyinka badan ee qarniyadii dhexe ee Yurub.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":02" />{{Rp|page=336}}<gallery widths="150" class="center" caption="Buundooyinka taariikhiga ah ee la keydiyay ee ka sarreysa Oued Bou Khareb"> File:Terrafin Bridge DSCF3826.jpg|Buundada Terrafin, oo ku taal dhammaadka waqooyi ee Place R'cif (sawir 2023) File:Sebbaghin Bridge DSCF3830.jpg|Buundada Sebbaghin, oo ku taal waqooyiga fog ee Buundada Terrafin (sawir 2023) File:Bin el-Mudun Bridge DSCF3650.jpg|Buundada Bin el-Mudun, oo ku taal koonfurta fog ee [[Chouara Tannery]] (sawir 2023) </gallery> == Dhibaatooyinka wasakhowga iyo dadaallada dib-u-soo-kabashada == [[File:Fes, Old city.jpg|thumb|Dhaqan [[Tanning (leather)|harag-qurxiyeyaal]] ayaa la arkaa iyagoo ka shaqaynaya agagaarka Oued Bou Khrareb (2006; ka hor dib-u-habeyn dhowaan lagu sameeyay aagga).|alt=|left]] Webiga, gaar ahaan Oued Bou Khrareb ee ku dhex jira medina hore, wuxuu muddo dheer ka soo gaaray wasakhowga culus ee [[sewage|biyaha wasakhda ah]], hawlaha harag-qurxinta ee u dhow (kuwaas oo abuura qashin kiimiko ah), iyo in mararka qaarkood loo isticmaalo sidii goob qashin qubka dadka deegaanka.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/ex/sustainablecitiescollective/revitalization-fez-river-reclaimed-public-space/171636/|title=Revitalization of the Fez River: A Reclaimed Public Space {{!}} Smart Cities Dive|website=www.smartcitiesdive.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-31}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.morocco.com/blog/the-rejuvenation-of-the-fez-river/|title=Morocco.com {{!}} The Rejuvenation of the Fez River|website=www.morocco.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-31}}</ref> Xitaa magaca Oued Bou Khrareb wuxuu ka dhigan yahay "Webiga Wasakhda".<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":1" /> Kordhinta wasakhowga waqtiyada casriga ah ayaa keentay in dadka deegaanka ay dhisaan gidaarro iyo caqabado la taaban karo si ay u xannibaan urta webiga, iyo dhawaanahan maamulka magaalada ayaa bilaabay inay daboolaan qaybaha bannaan ee webiga oo leh taargooyin la taaban karo, kuwaas oo kaliya horseeday qashin dheeraad ah oo isku urursan dushooda.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|date=2014-04-04|title=A jewel of the city: Aziza Chaouni on restoring the Fez River|url=https://blog.ted.com/from-an-open-sewer-to-a-jewel-of-the-city-aziza-chaouni-on-uncovering-and-restoring-the-fez-river/|access-date=2020-09-15|website=TED Blog|language=en}}</ref> Qashinka warshadaha harag-qurxinta iyo hawlaha kale ayaa sidoo kale horseeday kiimikooyin sun ah, gaar ahaan heerarka sarreeya ee [[Chromium toxicity|Chromium]], oo ku urursan ciidda iyo biyaha.<ref name=":7" /> In kasta oo la rumeysan yahay in tani aysan saameyn ku yeelan biyaha cabbitaanka ee magaalada (kuwaas oo ka imanaya dhinaca sare), waxay dhibaato u abuurtaa goobaha dhinaca hoose ee Webiga Sebou ka dib markii uu ku biiray Oued Fes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=International|first=Living on Earth / World Media Foundation / Public Radio|date=October 2014|title=Living on Earth: Fascinating & Toxic - Traditional Moroccan Tanneries|url=https://www.loe.org/shows/segments.html?programID=14-P13-00044&segmentID=4%27A%3D0|access-date=2020-09-15|website=Living on Earth|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Es-Sette|first1=B.|last2=Ajdor|first2=Y.|last3=Zidane|first3=F.|last4=Fakhraddine|first4=A.|last5=Foutlane|first5=A.|date=2005|title=Modèle conceptuel de transport de métaux traces (chrome et nickel) dans l'Oued Sebou Maroc|journal=Environmental Technology|volume=26|issue=8|pages=831–841|doi=10.1080/09593332608618494|pmid=16128382}}</ref> [[File:Fes bridge restoration 1.jpg|thumb|Buundada Sebbaghin oo lagu samaynayo dib-u-habeyn Noofembar 2014]] Dabayaaqadii 2000-meeyadii, mashruuc baaxad leh oo lagu hagaajinayo nidaamka webiga iyo deegaankiisa magaalo ayaa la bilaabay. Mashruuca, oo uu hoggaaminayay naqshadeeye [[Aziza Chaouni]], waxaa ku jiray nadiifinta webiga, dib-u-habeynta xeebtiisa magaalo, abuurista waddooyinka dadka lugta leh ee u furan, iyo dib-u-habeynta meelaha bannaan ee ka jira webiga agtiisa sida Place R'cif iyo Place Lalla Yeddouna.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.daniels.utoronto.ca/news/2014/03/20/aziza-chaouni-presents-2014-ted-talk-her-efforts-uncover-fez-river-morocco|title=Aziza Chaouni presents a 2014 TED Talk on her efforts to uncover the Fez River in Morocco|date=2014-03-20|website=Daniels|language=en|access-date=2020-03-31|archive-date=2020-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627192051/https://www.daniels.utoronto.ca/news/2014/03/20/aziza-chaouni-presents-2014-ted-talk-her-efforts-uncover-fez-river-morocco|url-status=dead}}</ref> Soo jeedinta lagu hagaajinayo tayada biyaha waxaa sidoo kale ku jiray abuurista dhulal qoyan (kuwaas oo horay uga jiray koorsada webiga) iyo soo celinta kanaallada webiga.<ref name=":2" /> Hal mar mashruucu wuxuu sidoo kale soo jeediyay in la joojiyo ama la dhimo hawlaha [[Chouara Tannery|Harag-qurxinta Chouara]] oo loo raro warshadaha harag-qurxinta meel kale halkaas oo wasakhowgooda si ammaan ah loo maareyn karo,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hybrid Urban Sutures: Filling in the Gaps in the Medina of Fez |url=https://www.architectmagazine.com/awards/p-a-awards/aziza-chaouni_o |access-date=2020-09-15 |website=architectmagazine.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-12-21|title=THE VIEW FROM FEZ: The Fez Tanneries - Aziza Chaouni responds|url=http://riadzany.blogspot.com/2008/12/fez-tanneries-aziza-chaouni-responds.html|access-date=2020-09-15|website=THE VIEW FROM FEZ}}</ref> laakiin ugu dambeyntii harag-qurxinta waa la soo celiyay oo la reebay meeshoodii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-02-27|title=THE VIEW FROM FEZ: The Famous Fez Chouara Tannery Gets a Makeover|url=http://riadzany.blogspot.com/2016/02/the-famous-fez-chaouaratannery-gets.html|access-date=2020-09-15|website=THE VIEW FROM FEZ}}</ref> Dib-u-habeynta webiga, oo socotay tan iyo markaas, ayaa sidoo kale ka dhacday dadaallo ballaaran oo lagu soo celinayo taallooyinka taariikhiga ah iyo calaamadaha magaalada hore, inta badan iyadoo ay hoggaaminayso wakaaladda dib-u-soo-kabashada dhaxalka ee maxalliga ah ADER-Fes. Tani waxaa ku jiray soo celinta buundooyinka ka sarreeya webiga Bou Khrareb, iyadoo buundooyinka Terrafin iyo Sebbaghin/Khrashfiyin lagu soo celiyay 2010-meeyadii.<ref name=":0" /> == Tixraacyo == {{commonscat}} {{Reflist}} {{coord|34.07749|-4.92497|format=dms|type:river_region:MA|display=title}} m02nj0l6hhaf4qbyozsn6yiyha6opc2 0 48066 299638 2026-06-26T17:27:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam |name = Biyo-xireenka Elgaada | image = سد الكعدة.jpg | country = [[Morocco|Marooko]] | location = [[Fez|Fes]] }} '''Biyo-xireenka Elgaada''' waa mid ka mid ah [[water|biyo-xireennada]] ku yaalla waqooyiga [[Morocco|Marooko]]. Biyo-xireenka Elgaada wuxuu ku yaalla xadka bari ee magaalada [[Fez, Morocco|Fez]] oo leh mishiin dhidib ah, iyo [[water vessel|weel biyo]] oo dhan 350,000 mitir kuyuubik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.water.gov.ma/|title=Secrétariat d'Etat Chargé de l'Eau|website=www.water.gov.ma|language=fr-FR|access-date=2018-03-07|archive-date=2018-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221003542/http://www.water.gov.ma/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} 4q8u12f80wme35j6dx4isccyof00ahx 0 48067 299639 2026-06-26T17:30:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Ruo–Ndiza | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Malawi | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | location_map_relief = | coordinates = {{coord|16|05|25|S|35|39|53|E|type:landmark_region:MW|display=inline,title}} | country = Malawi | location = [[Mulanje]], | purpose = P | status = O | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = | owner = | operator = Mulanje Hydro Limited | dam_type = | dam_crosses = Is-goyska [[Ruo River|Webiga Ruo]] iyo Webiga Ndiza | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = [[Pelton wheel|Pelton turbine]]<br/>2 x {{convert|3.30|MW|abbr=on}}<br/>1 x {{convert|1.65|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_capacity = {{convert|8.25|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_capacity_factor= | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Ruo–Ndiza''' waa warshad [[hydroelectric power|koronto biyood]] oo leh awood dhan {{convert|8.25|MW|0}} oo ku taalla koonfur-bari ee [[Malawi]], xadka ay la wadaagto [[Mozambique]].<ref name="1R">{{cite web|url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/malawi-gilkes-completes-second-phase-of-ruo-ndiza-hydroelectric-project/ |title=Malawi: Gilkes completes second phase of Ruo-Ndiza hydroelectric project |publisher=Afrik21.africa |date=2 May 2020 |author=Jean Marie Takouleu |access-date=9 May 2020 | location=Paris, France}}</ref> == Goobta == Saldhigga korontadu wuxuu ku yaallaa is-goyska [[Ruo River|Webiga Ruo]] iyo gacantiisa, ''Webiga Ndiza'', ee [[Mulanje District]], ee [[Southern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Koonfureed]] ee Malawi, xadka caalamiga ah ee uu la wadaago [[Republic of Mozambique|Jamhuuriyadda Mozambique]].<ref name="2R">{{cite web|title=Gilkes commissions African project, receives new order |access-date=9 May 2020 | url=https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/news/newsgilkes-commissions-african-project-7894735 |date=28 April 2020 | publisher=Waterpowermagazine.com |author=Water Power Magazine | location=Dartford, Kent, United Kingdom}}</ref> Goobtu waxay ku dhex taal ''Lujeri Tea Estate'', qiyaastii {{convert|96|km|0}}, marka loo eego jidka, koonfur-bari ee [[Blantyre]], oo ah xarunta ganacsiga iyo maaliyadda ee Malawi.<ref name="2R"/><ref name="3R">{{google maps|title=Road Distance Between Blantyre And Lujeri Tea Estate |access-date=9 May 2020 | url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Blantyre,+Malawi/Lujeri+Tea+Estate+Lodge,+Mulanje,+Malawi/@-15.9077179,35.0195602,10z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x18d84513cbc0005f:0x236358dae4d811e6!2m2!1d35.0167866!2d-15.7666707!1m5!1m1!1s0x18d9e3fe5f6611cf:0xce5112779a8b7c63!2m2!1d35.6559784!2d-16.0334259!3e0}}</ref> == Dulmar == Bishii Maarso 2018, awoodda koronto-dhalinta ee Malawi waxay ahayd {{convert|363|MW}},<ref name="4R">{{cite web|author=USAID |url=https://www.usaid.gov/powerafrica/malawi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001230213/https://www.usaid.gov/powerafrica/malawi |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 October 2015 |title=Malawi: Power Africa Fact Sheet |access-date=9 May 2020 |date=28 March 2018 | publisher=[[United States Agency for International Development]] (USAID) |location=Washington, DC}}</ref> Iyadoo baahida ugu sarreysa ay tahay 350 megawatt iyo koror dhan 6 boqolkiiba sannadkiiba, shabakadda Malawi ayaa leh dabacsanaan aad u yar. Tani waxay dalka u bandhigtay koronto-goyn joogto ah oo daran.<ref name="5R">{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/malawi-power-station-2014-05-23/rep_id:4136 |title=Chinese bank looks to finance Malawi power station |location=Johannesburg |date=23 May 2014 |author=Marcel Chimwala |publisher=Engineeringnews.co.za | access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref> Mulanje Renewable Energy Plc (sidoo kale Mulanje Hydro Limited), oo ah shirkad gaar loo leeyahay oo dhalisa tamarta, kana diiwaangashan Malawi, ayaa la qandaraas qaadatay ''Gilkes'', oo ah shirkad sameysa mishiinnada korontada ee [[United Kingdom|British]], si ay u dhisto saldhiggan korontada, muddo laba sano ah.<ref name="6R">{{cite web|title=Malawi's Mulanje US$16 million power plant to roll out March |publisher=Energycentral.com | url=https://energycentral.com/news/malawi%E2%80%99s-mulanje-us16-million-power-plant-roll-out-march |date=27 February 2019 | author=Lloyd M’bwana |access-date=8 May 2020 |format=Quoting ''The Maravi Post''}}</ref> == Faahfaahinta farsamada == Saldhigga korontadu waa naqshad [[run-of-river]] oo aan u baahnayn [[dam|biyo-xireen]] sidaas darteedna uma baahna [[reservoir|kayd biyo]]. Waxaa jira saddex [[Pelton wheel|Pelton-type]] turbines oo mid kasta lagu qiimeeyay {{convert|3.30|MW|0}}. Mid ayaa lagu rakibay ''Webiga Ndiza'', intii lagu jiray wejigii koowaad. Sababo la xiriira xawaaraha socodka biyaha ee webigan yar, kaliya 1.65 megawatt ayaa laga soo saari karay.<ref name="1R"/> <ref name="2R"/><ref name="6R"/> Wejigii labaad wuxuu ku jiray rakibidda laba turbines oo kale oo Pelton ah oo mid kasta lagu qiimeeyay 3.3 megawatt, oo ka gudbaya Webiga Ruo, taas oo dhalisay wadar ahaan 6.6 megawatt oo tamar cusub ah. Wadarta wax-soo-saarka dhismaha korontadu waa 8.25 megawatt.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/><ref name="6R"/> == Dhismaha == Miisaaniyadda dhismaha ayaa lagu soo warramay inay tahay 16 milyan oo doolarka Maraykanka ah. Dhismaha ayaa bilaabmay Juun 2018 wuxuuna dhammaaday Abriil 2020. Korontada la soo saaro waxaa loo iibiyaa qaybiyaha korontada qaranka [[Electricity Supply Commission of Malawi]] (Escom), iyadoo la raacayo [[power purchase agreement|heshiis iibsashada tamarta]] muddada dheer ah.<ref name="7R">{{cite web| url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/16-million-power-project-on-course-in-mulanje-to-supply-electricty-to-escom-from-march/ |title=$16 Million Power Project On Course In Mulanje: To Supply Electricity To Escom From March |newspaper=[[Nyasa Times]] |date=26 February 2019 |author=Elijah Phimbi |access-date=9 May 2020 | location=Blantyre}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == {{Portal|Africa|Water|Renewable energy}} * [[Liiska saldhigyada korontada ee Malawi]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.pgi-uk.com/renewable-energy/our-companies/mulanje-hydro-ltd-malawi/ Sharraxaad kooban] {{Authority control}} {{stack|}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Ruo–Ndiza}} 6qc9rkq4pas5r7hze9ww8rx5w5940j9 0 48068 299640 2026-06-26T17:32:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Saldhigga Korontada ee Volobe | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Madagascar | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Khariidadda Madagascar oo muujinaysa goobta Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Volobe | location_map_alt = | location_map_relief = | coordinates = {{coord|18|09|07|S|49|11|06|E|region:MG_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Madagascar]] | location = Volobe, [[Ambodilazana]]<ref>[https://meh.mg/volobe/ meh.mg]</ref><br/>[[Toamasina II (district)| Toamasina Rural District]]<br/> | purpose = P | status = P | construction_began = 2023 (la filayo) | opening = 2025 (la filayo) | demolished = | cost = €350 milyan (US$372 milyan) | owner = ''Compagnie Générale d'Hydroélectricité de Volobe'' | operator = ''CGHV'' | dam_type = | dam_crosses = [[Ivondro River|Webiga Ivondro]] | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = [[Jirama]] | plant_commission = 2025 (la filayo) | plant_decommission = | plant_type = R | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines =[[Andritz AG|Andritz Hydro]]: 6x20 MW | plant_capacity = {{convert|120|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_annual_gen = 750 GWh | website = | extra = }} '''Saldhigga Korontada ee Volobe''' waa mashruuc [[hydroelectric power|koronto biyood]] ah oo leh awood dhan {{convert|120|MW}} oo la dhisayo gudaha [[Madagascar]]. == Goobta == Saldhigga korontada waxaa laga dhisayaa [[Ambodilazana]] oo ka gudbaya [[Ivondro River|Webiga Ivondro]], [[Toamasina II (district)|Toamasina Rural District]], meel u dhow [[Toamasina]]. Tuulada ''Volobe'' oo martigelin doonta saldhigga korontada ayaa ku taalla qiyaastii {{convert|40|km}}, marka loo eego jidka, galbeedka [[Toamasina]], oo ah magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn Madagascar.<ref name="4R">{{cite web|work=Hydroreview.com | url=https://www.hydroreview.com/hydro-industry-news/group-announces-partnership-to-develop-120-mw-volobe-hydropower-project-in-madagascar/ |title=Group announces partnership to develop 120-MW Volobe hydropower project in Madagascar |date=10 November 2019 |author=Hydro Review |access-date=30 April 2022}}</ref> == Dulmar == Volobe HPP waa warshad [[run of river]] ah oo leh lix [[Francis turbine|turbines]] oo nooca Francis ah, mid kasta lagu qiimeeyay 20 megawatt. [[Andritz AG|Andritz Hydro]] ayaa keenaysa oo rakibi doonta matoorrada, si wadarta awoodda dhalinta ay u noqoto 120 megawatt.<ref name="5R">{{cite web|work=Power-Technology.com |url=https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/volobe-hpp-madagascar/ |title=Volobe HPP, Madagascar |date=20 December 2021 |author=Carmen |access-date=30 April 2022 |location=New York City}}</ref> Isbahaysiga horumarinaya saldhigga korontada ayaa sidoo kale dhisi doona xarigga [[high voltage|koronto-qaadista oo koronto sare leh]] kaas oo ka gudbin doona tamarta saldhiggan korontada meesha tamarta ay ka geli doonto shabakadda korontada qaranka. Intaa waxaa dheer, waddooyin gellitaanka iyo kaabayaasha kale ayaa loo dhisi doonaa bulshooyinka deriska ah.<ref name="6R">{{cite web |url=https://www.axian-group.com/2019/08/06/volobe-2019-the-new-hydroelectric-power-plant/?lang=en |title=Volobe 2019, The New Hydroelectric Power Plant |date=2 August 2019 | work=Axian Group |access-date=30 April 2022 |author=Axian Group | place=Antananarivo, Madagascar}}</ref> == Horumariyayaasha == [[consortium|Isbahaysiga]] leh saldhigga korontada oo horumarinaya ayaa leh afar [[Shareholder|shirkadood oo saamilay ah]] sida ku cad shaxda hoose. Waxay sameeyeen shirkad ujeeddo gaar ah leh (SPV) si ay u yeeshaan, u naqshadeeyaan, u dhisaan, u maalgeliyaan, u maamulaan oo u dayactiraan saldhigga korontada. Shirkadda SPV waxaa la yiraahdaa ''Compagnie Générale d'Hydroélectricité de Volobe'' (CGHV) (Af-Soomaali: Shirkadda Guud ee [[Hydroelectricity|Korontada Biyaha]] ee Volobe). {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 0.5em auto" |+ Saamiga ''Shirkadda Guud ee Korontada Biyaha ee Volobe'' ! Darajada !! Magaca Mulkiilaha !! Hoyga!! Boqolkiiba Saamiga |- | 1 || Jovena (shirkad hoosaadka Axian Group) ||[[Madagascar]] ||{{center|40.0}} |- | 2 || [[SN Power|Scatec]] ||[[Norway]] ||{{center|25.0}} |- | 3 || [[Africa50]] ||[[Morocco]] ||{{center|25.0}} |- | 4 || [[Colas Group|Colas Mdagascar]] || Madagascar || {{center|10.0}} |- | || '''Wadar''' || ||{{center|'''100.0'''}} |- |} == Kharashka dhismaha iyo maalgelinta == Waxaa lagu qiyaasay in dhismaha uu ku kici doono qiyaastii €350 milyan (qiyaastii US$372 milyan), oo ay maalgelinayaan amaah iyo sinaan. == Tixgelinno kale == Tamarta laga dhalin doono saldhiggan waxay siin doontaa qiyaastii 360,000 oo qoys oo reer Madagascar ah, oo leh qiyaastii 2 milyan oo qof. Inta lagu jiro wejiga dhismaha, qiyaastii 1,000 shaqo ayaa la filayaa in la abuuro.<ref name="4R"/> Saldhigga korontadu wuxuu kordhin doonaa tirada dadka Madagascar ee ku xiran korontada shabakadda wuxuuna dalka u horseedi doonaa yoolka 70 boqolkiiba korontaynta qaranka marka la gaaro 2030. Bishii Juun 2023, ''Compagnie générale d'hydroélectricité de Volobe'' (CGHV), oo leh saldhigga korontada ayaa saxiixday 35-sano [[power purchase agreement|heshiis iibsashada tamarta]] ''Jiro sy rano Malagasy'' ([[Jirama]]), shirkadda adeegga korontada dadweynaha ee Madagascar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/madagascar-jirama-to-purchase-output-from-the-volobe-hydroelectric-power-station/ |title=Madagascar: JIRAMA to purchase output from the Volobe hydroelectric power station |work=Afrik21.africa |date=5 June 2023 |author=Jean Marie Takouleu |access-date=7 June 2023 | location=Paris, France}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == {{stack|{{Portal|Madagascar|Water|Renewable energy}}}} * [[Liiska saldhigyada korontada ee Madagascar]] * [[Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Sahofika]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist|33em}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Volobe,+Madagascar/Toamasina,+Madagascar/@-18.1470899,49.149472,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0x21f44d72cfce00f3:0xeb4f0c19afc76bba!2m2!1d49.183333!2d-18.15!1m5!1m1!1s0x21f5004877b03b39:0xdd4a6822e32e1e71!2m2!1d49.3957836!2d-18.1442811 Khariidadda muujinaysa Volobe, Madagascar iyo Thomasina, Madagascar] Sida 30 Abriil 2022. * [https://www.africa50.com/our-funds/projects/volobe-hydropower-plant/ Jilidda Saldhigga Korontada ee Volobe] Sida 21 Jan 2026 {{Authority control}} tktdw1a777meudk2kkte1t2xfs74r3d 0 48069 299641 2026-06-26T17:35:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Sahofika | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Madagascar#Africa | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Khariidadda Madagascar oo muujinaysa goobta Sahofika. | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|19|34|01|S|47|24|24|E|display=inline,title}} | location_map_relief = | country = [[Madagascar]] | location = [[Antanifotsy]] | purpose = P | status = UC | construction_began = 2019 | opening = 2024 (la filayo) | demolished = | cost = | owner = | operator = | dam_type = | dam_crosses = | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = 7 x 29.3 MW | plant_capacity = {{convert|205|MW}} | plant_annual_gen = 1,570 GWh | website = www.neho.mg | extra = }} '''Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Sahofika''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno '''Saldhigga Korontada ee Sahofika''', waa saldhig [[hydroelectric power|koronto biyood]] ah oo leh awood dhan {{convert|205|MW}} oo la dhisayo gudaha [[Madagascar]].<ref name="1R">{{cite web|publisher=Afrik21.africa |date=26 May 2020 |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/madagascar-adf-supports-sahofika-hydropower-project-with-a-e4-million-loan/ | title=Madagascar: ADF supports Sahofika hydropower project with a €4 million loan |author=Jean Marie Takouleu |access-date=14 September 2020 |place=Paris, France}}</ref> == Goobta == Saldhigga korontadu wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Onive River|Webiga Onive]], qiyaastii {{convert|100|km|0}}, bannaanka caasimadda [[Antananarivo]].<ref name="1R"/> == Dulmar == Saldhigga korontadu waa mashruucii ugu weynaa ee dhalinta korontada ee Madagascar. Biyo-xireenku wuxuu noqon doonaa {{convert|60|m|0}} oo dherer ah, isagoo abuuraya kayd biyo ah oo leh aag dusha sare ah oo dhan {{convert|6.7|km2|0}}. Kaydka biyaha, biyuhu waxay ku qulquli doonaan dhuun cabbirkeedu yahay {{convert|716|m|0}} si ay u gaaraan aqalka korontada. Aqalka korontadu wuxuu ka kooban yahay toddobo matoor, mid kasta lagu qiimeeyay 29.3 megawatt, wadarta guud ee wax-soo-saarka waa 205 megawatt. Korontada laga dhalin doono saldhiggan waxaa loo gudbin doonaa iyada oo loo marayo xarig koronto oo cusub oo dhan 220 kiloVolts oo koronto sare ah ilaa goob ay [[Jirama]], oo ah shirkadda adeegga korontada qaranka, ay ku dhex dari doonto shabakadda korontada qaranka.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R">{{cite web| url=https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/press-releases/madagascar-government-madagascar-gets-euro-4-million-african-development-fund-sahofika-hydropower-project-35737 | title=Madagascar: Government of Madagascar gets Euro 4 million from African Development Fund for Sahofika hydropower project | publisher=[[African Development Bank]] |date=22 May 2020 | author=African Development Bank |access-date=14 September 2020 | place=Abidjan}}</ref> [[power purchase agreement|Heshiis iibsashada tamarta]] ah 25-sano ayaa la saxiixay, inta u dhaxaysa NEHO iyo Jirama.<ref name="3R">{{cite web| url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/madagascar-jirama-to-buy-electricity-from-sahofika-hydroelectric-plant/ |title=Madagascar: Jirama to buy electricity from Sahofika hydroelectric plant | work=Afrik21.africa |date=26 November 2021 |author=Jean Marie Takouleu |access-date=9 June 2022 |location=Paris, France}}</ref> Saldhiggan korontada ayaa la filayaa inuu koronto siiyo qiyaastii 8 milyan oo qof isla markaana ka caawiyo Madagascar inay iska ilaaliso sii deynta 900,000 oo tan oo kaarboon laba-oksaydh ah sannad kasta.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/> == Horumariyayaasha, lahaanshaha iyo maalgelinta == Mashruucu waa [[public private partnership|is-kaashi dadweyne iyo mid gaar ah]] (PPP), oo u dhexeeya (a) [[Government of Madagascar|Dawladda Madagascar]] iyo (b) [[consortium|isbahaysi]] la yiraahdo ''Nouvelle énergie hydroélectrique de l’Onive (NEHO)'' ama ''Isbahaysiga Tamarta Korontada Biyaha ee Onive'', oo ka kooban shirkadaha Faransiiska ee [[Eiffage]] iyo [[Eranove]] iyo shirkadda ''Themis''.<ref name="1R"/> Dawladda Madagascar waxay ku biirin doontaa €30 milyan horumarinta saldhiggan korontada.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/><ref name="4R">{{cite web |url=https://www.africaoilandpower.com/2020/05/26/afdb-funds-madagascars-sahofika-hydropower-project/ |title=AfDB Funds Madagascar's Sahofika Hydropower Project |date=26 May 2020 |publisher=Africaoilandpower.com |access-date=14 September 2020 |author=Sihle Qekeleshe |archive-date=29 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629082706/https://www.africaoilandpower.com/2020/05/26/afdb-funds-madagascars-sahofika-hydropower-project/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika, iyada oo loo marayo [[African Development Fund|Sanduuqa Horumarinta Afrika]], ayaa amaahiyay €4.02 milyan dawladda Madagascar mashruucan. Intaa waxaa dheer, [[Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa|Bangiga Carabta ee Horumarinta Dhaqaalaha ee Afrika]] (BADEA) iyo [[European Union|Midowga Yurub]], ayaa la filayaa inay bixiyaan maalgelin dheeraad ah mashruucan.<ref name="2R"/><ref name="4R"/> == Kharashka iyo dhismaha == Wadarta kharashka saldhigga korontada waa US$895 milyan (qiyaastii €836 milyan). Isbahaysiga NEHO ayaa loo doortay inuu fuliyo daraasadaha suurtagalka ah, bixiyo maalgelinta, dhiso saldhigga korontada, maamulo saldhigga marka la dhammaystiro oo dayactiro mustaqbalka. Dawladda Madagascar waxay ku biirin doontaa €30 milyan mashruuca waxayna noqon doontaa saamilayda saldhigga korontada marka la dhammaystiro. Dhismaha ayaa bilaabmay Disembar 2019 waxaana la filayaa in la bilaabo hawlgelinta mashruuca la dhammaystiray 2024.<ref name="5R">{{cite web| url=https://africa-energy-portal.org/news/madagascar-construction-sahofika-hydroelectric-plant-begin-december |title=Madagascar: Construction of Sahofika hydroelectric plant to begin in December |publisher=Africa Energy Portal |date=11 June 2019 |author=Africa Energy Portal |access-date=14 September 2020}}</ref> == Kaabayaasha la xiriira == Shaqada dhismaha waxaa ka mid ah (a) saldhigga korontada cusub (b) xarig koronto oo cusub oo dhan 220kV, oo dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii {{convert|75|km|0}} iyo (c) dib-u-dhiska qiyaastii {{convert|110|km|0}} ee waddooyinka gellitaanka. Waxaa la filayaa in saldhigga korontadu uu bilaabmo 2024.<ref name="1R"/> == Sidoo kale eeg == {{stack|{{Portal|Madagascar|Water|Renewable energy}}}} * [[Liiska saldhigyada korontada biyaha ee Afrika]] * [[Liiska saldhigyada korontada ee Madagascar]] * [[Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Volobe]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/afdb-sahofika-hydropower-madagascar/ AfDB oo bixinaysa dammaanad dhan $100m oo loogu talagalay mashruuca 205MW ee korontada biyaha ee Sahofika ee Madagascar] Sida 19 Disembar 2019. * [https://www.africaintelligence.com/southern-africa-and-islands/2024/09/18/major-construction-companies-line-up-to-rebuild-road-to-sahofika-dam%2C110307111-gra Shirkadaha waaweyn ee dhismaha oo saf ugu jira dib-u-dhiska wadada biyo-xireenka Sahofika], Africa Intelligence, 18 Sebteembar 2024 (waxay u baahan tahay is-diiwaangelin bilaash ah) {{Authority control}} 1zj924uwaycsw9gm5psw4s6k5du40ia 0 48070 299642 2026-06-26T17:39:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name =Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Mount Coffee | image = | image_caption = | name_official = | dam_crosses =[[Saint Paul River|Webiga Saint Paul]] | res_name = | location =White Plains, [[Montserrado County]], [[Liberia]] | operator =Shirkadda Korontada ee Liberia | dam_length = | dam_height = | dam_width_base = | construction_began = | opening =1966 | cost = | res_capacity_total = | res_catchment = | res_surface = | coordinates = {{coord|6|30|17|N|10|38|54|W|region:LR_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | extra = }} '''Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Mount Coffee''' waa mashruuc [[hydroelectric|koronto biyood]] ah oo ku yaalla waddanka [[West Africa|Galbeedka Afrika]] ee [[Liberia]] kuna yaalla [[Saint Paul River|Webiga Saint Paul]]. Waxaa la dhisay 1966 iyadoo wejiyo dheeraad ah la dhammaystiray goor dambe, mashruucu wuxuu leeyahay awood dhalin ugu badan oo dhan 88 [[Megawatt|MW]].<ref name="mcc2018"/> '''Biyo-xireenka Korontada Biyaha ee Walter F. Walker''' iyo xarumaha dhalinta ayaa si ba'an u waxyeelloobay intii lagu jiray [[First Liberian Civil War|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Koowaad ee Liberia]] sanadkii 1990-kii, hawlgalkiina dib looma soo celin ilaa 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title=Liberia;Liberian Engineer Presents Project For Hydro Dam Construction, But Faces Stone Wall|author=The Analyst|date=January 4, 2005|work=Africa News}}</ref><ref name="mcc2018">{{cite web | url=https://www.mcc.gov/blog/entry/blog-072318-success-of-mount-coffee-hydropower-plant-helps-liberia | title=Success of Mount Coffee Hydropower Plant Helps Liberia Shine Brighter | date=July 23, 2018 | author=Jonathan Nash | work=Millennium Challenge Corporation blog}}</ref> == Taariikhda == Sanadkii 1963, dawladda Liberia waxay heshay amaah ka timid [[World Bank|Bangiga Adduunka]] si ay u horumariso mashruuc koronto biyood ah oo ku kacaya US$24.3 milyan.<ref name="LEC">{{cite web|url=http://libelcorp.com/history.htm|title=History|publisher=Liberia Electricity Corporation|accessdate=2008-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210032413/http://libelcorp.com/history.htm|archive-date=2009-02-10|url-status=usurped}}</ref> Dhismaha xarunta waxaa la bilaabay 1964-tii Hay'adda Korontada ee Monrovia iyadoo la isticmaalayo shirkadda Raymond Concrete Pile Company oo ahayd qandaraaslaha iyo [[Stanley Consultants]] oo ahayd maamulayaasha mashruuca.<ref name="LEC"/> Sanadkii 1966, shirkadda korontadu waxay dhammaystirtay wejigii koowaad ee biyo-xireenka waxayna bilowday dhalinta korontada.<ref name=undp>[http://www.lr.undp.org/State%20of%20the%20environment%20report%20final.pdf First State of the Environment Report for Liberia – 2006.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411035426/http://www.lr.undp.org/State%20of%20the%20environment%20report%20final.pdf |date=2009-04-11 }} United Nations Development Programme. 2006, p. 44&ndash;45. Retrieved on October 19, 2008.</ref> Mashruuca waxaa la dhammaystiray 1967-tii waxaana loo bixiyay Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee [[Thomas J. R. Faulkner|T. J. R. Faulkner]] W.F. Walker.<ref name="LEC"/> Awoodda dhalinta bilowga ahayd waxay ahayd 30 MW oo ay soo saareen laba [[turbine|matoor]], taas oo kor u kacday 64 MW markii laba matoor oo kale lagu daray 1973.<ref name=undp/> Hay'adda Korontada ee Monrovia waxay noqotay [[Liberia Electricity Corporation|Shirkadda Korontada ee Liberia]] 12-kii Luulyo, 1973.<ref name="LEC"/> Bishii Juun 1990, dawladdu waxay ku dhawaaqday qorshayaal ay ku laba-laabayso awoodda dhalinta korontada ee mashruuca iyo ku darista kayd biyo ah si loogu oggolaado dhalin badan inta lagu jiro xilliga abaarta.<ref name=expand>"Liberia expands hydropower", ''Engineering News-Record'', June 7, 1990. McGraw-Hill, Inc., Vol. 224, No. 23; p. 27.</ref> Qorshayaashu waxay ugu baaqayeen biyo-xireen cusub oo dhan {{convert|4000|ft|m}} in laga dhiso webiga Vai si loo bixiyo awoodda kaydinta, halka laba matoor oo 52 MW ah lagu dari lahaa xarunta dhalinta korontada ee jirta.<ref name=expand/> Balaarinta US$300 milyan ee aan waligeed la bilaabin sababo la xiriira Dagaalkii Sokeeye.<ref name=expand/> Bishii Luulyo 1990, ciidamada fallaagada oo uu amar ku siiyay [[Charles Taylor (Liberia)|Charles Taylor]] ayaa qabsaday biyo-xireenka waxayna xireen korontadii iyo biyaha Monrovia.<ref>Huband, Mark. "Retreating Liberian rebel leader urges peace talks" [[United Press International]], October 7, 1990.</ref><ref>"Worldwide: Liberia blackout", ''[[The Independent]]'', July 1, 1990, Foreign News Page, p. 14.</ref> Intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Koowaad, biyo-xireenka qaadashada ee mashruuca ayaa lagu burburiyay hal dhinac halka inta kale ay heleen waxyeello kale.<ref name=post>[http://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/Liberia_DS.pdf Desk Study on the Environment in Liberia.] United Nations Environment Programme. 2004, p. 30. Retrieved on October 19, 2008.</ref> Qaybo kale oo ka mid ah xarumaha ayaa la boobay oo la burburiyay sannadihii dambe ee khilaafka.<ref name=post/> Laga soo bilaabo horraantii 2005, waxaa la sameeyay soo-jeedinno lagu dayactirayo xarunta oo dib loogu soo celinayo korontada,<ref>The Analyst. "Liberia; Liberian Engineer Presents Project For Hydro Dam Construction, But Faces Stone Wall", Africa News, January 4, 2005.</ref> oo ay ku jirto soo-jeedin ka timid [[China|Shiinaha]].<ref>"Weekly Recap", Power, Finance and Risk, March 25, 2005.</ref> [[United States Trade and Development Agency|Wakaaladda Ganacsiga iyo Horumarinta ee Maraykanka]] waxay siisay $400,000 Liberia bishii Febraayo 2007 si ay u darsaan dib-u-dhiska iyo ballaarinta mashruuca.<ref>[http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33185.pdf Liberia's Post-War Recovery: Key Issues and Developments.] Congressional Research Service. Retrieved on October 19, 2008.</ref> Daraasadu waxay muujisay in aysan jirin waxyeello dhismeed oo ku yimid biyo-xireenka,<ref>{{cite news|title=No structural damage done to hydro|last=Wrokpoh|first=Patrick K.|date=February 25, 2008|work=The Inquirer}}</ref> laakiin in inta badan xarumaha mashruuca ay u baahan doonaan in dib loo dhiso qiimo dhan US$383 milyan.<ref name="privatize">{{cite news|title=Liberia needs about 383m dollars to rebuild hydroelectric plant|last=STAR Radio|author-link=STAR Radio|date=August 22, 2008|work=BBC Monitoring International Reports|publisher=Global News Wire}}</ref> Ilaa Ogosto 2008, dawladda Liberia waxay tixgelinaysay gaar-u-yeelashada mashruuca tiro sano ah maadaama waddanku uusan haysan khayraad uu ku maalgeliyo dayactirka.<ref name="privatize"/> Bishii Maajo 2012, Mashruuca Dib-u-dhiska Korontada Biyaha ee Mt. Coffee ayaa la bilaabay iyadoo la raacayo taxane baaritaano ah iyo qiimayn farsamo oo ku saabsan suurtagalnimada in la soo nooleeyo warshadda.<ref name=piu>{{cite web|title=LEC Signs Consulting Services Agreement with Norplan/Fichtner for Mt. Coffee Owner's Engineer|url=http://mtcoffeeliberia.com/?p=715|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927045647/http://mtcoffeeliberia.com/?p=715|url-status=usurped|archive-date=September 27, 2013|work=Press and News|publisher=Mt Coffee PIU|accessdate=24 September 2013|date=April 24, 2013}}</ref> Shaqadan waxay ku dhammaatay saxiixa qandaraas bishii Abriil 2013 oo lala galay shirkad Norway ah (Norplan AS) iyo shirkad Jarmal ah (Fichtner GmbH) si loo soo nooleeyo warshadda korontada ee burburtay marka la gaaro 2015.<ref name=piu/> Bishii Disembar 2016, matoorkii ugu horreeyay ee korontada biyaha iyo qaybta dhalinta, oo leh awood lagu rakibay 22 megawatt (MW), ayaa si rasmi ah loo daahfuray oo loo hawlgeliyay. Mashruuca, oo la dhammaystiray 2018, wuxuu kor u qaaday wadarta awoodda lagu rakibay ee Warshadda Korontada Biyaha ee Mt. Coffee ilaa 88 MW (afar qaybood oo dhalin ah oo midkiiba 22 MW ah).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mtcoffeeliberia.com/?p=1878 |title=MT. COFFEE HYDROPOWER PLANT SUCCESSFULLY GENERATES POWER AFTER MORE THAN 25 YEARS! ~ TURNS ON 1ST OF 4 TURBINE WITH a GENERATING CAPACITY OF 88MW UPON COMPLETION IN AUGUST 2017 ~ - Mt. Coffee PIU |access-date=2018-01-25 |archive-date=2017-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012115152/http://mtcoffeeliberia.com/?p=1878 |url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref name="mcc2018"/> Biyo-xireenka Korontada Biyaha ee Mount Coffee wuxuu ku yaallaa Mount Coffee, degmada Harrisburg. White Plains waa goobta warshadda sifeynta biyaha. == Faahfaahin == Wuxuu ku yaallaa Harrisburg Township ee [[Careysburg District|Degmada Careysburg]], [[Montserrado County]], wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Saint Paul River|Webiga Saint Paul]] qiyaastii 21 mayl (34 km) oo u jirta [[Monrovia]].<ref name=undp/><ref name=cda>{{cite news|url=http://www.emansion.gov.lr/doc/MontserradoCDA.pdf|title=Montserrado County Development Agenda|year=2008|publisher=Republic of Liberia|accessdate=2008-10-14}}</ref> Biyo-xireenku waa [[Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity|biyo-xireen qaabka qulqulka webiga]], taas oo ah in aysan jirin kayd biyo.<ref name=undp/> Maadaama uusan jirin kayd biyo ah, awoodda dhalinta lagu kalsoonaan karo waa 10 MW oo keliya, maadaama uu taasi yahay qulqulka caadiga ah ee webiga inta lagu jiro xilliga abaarta.<ref name=undp/> Kahor [[First Liberian Civil War|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Koowaad ee Liberia]], warshaddu waxay soo saartay 64MW oo koronto ah, taas oo ka dhigan 35% dhammaan korontada laga dhaliyo waddanka.<ref>[http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=384&ArticleID=4411&l=en Restoring the Battered and Broken Environment of Liberia One of the Keys to a New and Sustainable Future.] United Nations Environment Programme. Retrieved on October 19, 2008.</ref> Marka lagu daro korontada, Shirkadda Biyaha iyo Fayadhowrka ee Liberia waxay isticmaashay mashruuca si ay u bixiso biyo la cabbo Monrovia iyo meelaha ku hareeraysan ka hor dagaalka.<ref name=cda/> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist|30em}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{stack|{{Portal|Liberia|Water|Renewable energy}}}} *[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTENERGY2/Resources/exercise.pdf Jimicsiga Kooxda Shaqada] – wuxuu ka kooban yahay sawirro mashruuca ka dib dagaalka efc1owmozbus6rxch9besxgkth7psmx 10 48071 299643 2026-06-26T17:50:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | bodyclass = vcard | child = {{{child|}}} | subbox = {{{embed|}}} | above = {{If empty|{{{name|}}}|<includeonly>{{#invoke:WikidataIB|label}}</includeonly>|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} | aboveclass = fn org | abovestyle = background-color:#FFFFE6; color:inherit; | headerstyle = background-color:#FFFFE6; color:inherit; | autoheaders = y | image = 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empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P793}}}}}} | label7 = [[Project commissioning|Taariikhda hawlgelinta]] | data7 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P729|2={{{commissioned|}}}|name=commissioned|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P729}}}}}} | label8 = Taariikhda tirtirista | data8 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P730|2={{{decommissioned|}}}|name=decommissioned|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P730}}}}}} | label9 = Kharashka dhismaha | data9 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P2130|2={{{cost|}}}|name=cost|qid={{{qid|}}}|qual=P585|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|scale=8|unitabbr=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P2130}}}}}} | label10 = {{Pluralize from text|{{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P127|2={{{owner|}}}|name=owner|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|shortname=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P127}}}}}}|singular=Milkiile|likely=Milkiilayaal|plural=Milkiilayaal}} | data10 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P127|2={{{owner|}}}|name=owner|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|shortname=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P127}}}}}} | label11 = {{Pluralize from text|{{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P137|2={{{operator|}}}|name=operator|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|shortname=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P137}}}}}}|singular=Hawlwadeen|likely=Hawlwadeenno|plural=Hawlwadeenno}} | data11 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P137|2={{{operator|}}}|name=operator|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|shortname=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P137}}}}}} | label12 = Shaqaalaha | data12 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P1128|2={{{employees|}}}|qid={{{qid|}}}|qual=P585|rank=best|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|name=employees|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|maxvals=1|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P1128}}}}}} | header13 = Saldhigga korontada kulaylka dhulka <includeonly>{{Main other|[[Category:Geothermal power station articles using Infobox power station]]}}</includeonly> | label14 = Nooca | data14 = {{If empty|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{geo_type|}}}}} |DS=[[Dry steam power station|Uumi qallalan]] |FS=[[Flash steam power station|Uumi degdeg ah]] |BC=[[Binary cycle|Wareegga laba-geesoodka]] |#default={{{geo_type|}}} }}|<includeonly>{{Unbulleted list |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P31|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q41722964|nomatch=}}|Q41722964|[[Flash steam power station|Uumi degdeg ah]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P31|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q41722780|nomatch=}}|Q41722780|[[Dry steam power station|Uumi qallalan]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P31|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q4086827|nomatch=}}|Q4086827|[[Binary cycle power station|Wareegga laba-geesoodka]]|}}}}</includeonly>|}} | label15 = Heerkulka ugu yar ee isha | data15 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValueByQual|1=P5066|2={{{geo_temp_requirement|}}}|name=geo_temp_requirement|qid={{{qid|}}}|qualID=P518|qvalue=Q1049799|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P5066}}}}}} | label16 = Ceelasha | data16 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getQualifierValue|1=P527|2={{{geo_well_count|}}}|name=geo_well_count|qid={{{qid|}}}|pval=Q61846297|qual=P1114|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P527}}}}}} | label17 = Qoto-dheerida ugu badan ee ceelka | data17 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getQualifierValue|1=P527|2={{{geo_well_depth|}}}|name=geo_well_depth|qid={{{qid|}}}|pval=Q61846297|qual=P4511|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P527}}}}}} | label18 = Wax-soo-saarka biyaha kulul | data18 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getQualifierValue|1=P1056|2={{{geo_water_output|}}}|name=geo_water_output|qid={{{qid|}}}|pval=Q1419245|qual=P2197|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P1056}}}}}} | header19 = Saldhigga korontada nukliyeerka <includeonly>{{Main other|[[Category:Nuclear power station articles using Infobox power station]]}}</includeonly> | label20 = Reactors | data20 = {{#if:{{{np_reactors|}}}|{{{np_reactors|}}}|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getSumOfParts|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|vlist=Q377968,Q468846,Q558152,Q558181,Q319449,Q3100709,Q1204277,Q379573,Q557804,Q552334,Q1058741,Q2058283,Q1622414,Q373950,Q4391458,Q432432,Q35957}}}} | label21 = Nooca reactor-ka | data21 = {{If empty|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{np_reactor_type|}}}}} |PWR=[[Pressurized water reactor|PWR]] |BWR=[[Boiling water reactor|BWR]] |PHWR=[[Pressurised heavy water reactor|PHWR]] |CANDU=[[CANDU reactor|CANDU]] [[Pressurised heavy water reactor|PHWR]] |RBMK=[[RBMK]] |GCR=[[Gas cooled reactor|GCR]] |HTGR=[[Very-high-temperature reactor|HTGR]] |VHTR=[[Very-high-temperature reactor|VHTR]] |AGR=[[Advanced gas-cooled reactor|AGR]] |GFR=[[Gas-cooled fast reactor|GFR]] |FBR=[[Fast breeder reactor|FBR]] |SFR=[[Sodium-cooled fast reactor|SFR]] |LFR=[[Lead-cooled fast reactor|LFR]] |PBR=[[Pebble bed reactor|PBR]] |MSR=[[Molten salt reactor|MSR]] |AHR=[[Aqueous homogeneous reactor|AHR]] |AHWR=[[Advanced heavy-water reactor|AHWR]] |VVER=[[VVER]] |#default={{{np_reactor_type|}}} }}|<includeonly>{{Unbulleted list |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q377968|nomatch=}}|Q377968|[[Pressurized water reactor|PWR]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q468846|nomatch=}}|Q468846|[[Boiling water reactor|BWR]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q558152|nomatch=}}|Q558152|[[Pressurized heavy-water reactor|PHWR]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q558181|nomatch=}}|Q558181|[[CANDU reactor|CANDU]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q319449|nomatch=}}|Q319449|[[RBMK]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q3100709|nomatch=}}|Q3100709|[[Gas-cooled reactor|GCR]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q1204277|nomatch=}}|Q1204277|[[Very-high-temperature reactor|VHTR]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q379573|nomatch=}}|Q379573|[[Advanced gas-cooled Reactor|AGR]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q557804|nomatch=}}|Q557804|[[Gas-cooled fast reactor|GFR]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q552334|nomatch=}}|Q552334|[[Fast breeder reactor|FBR]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q1058741|nomatch=}}|Q1058741|[[Sodium-cooled fast reactor|SFR]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q2058283|nomatch=}}|Q2058283|[[Lead-cooled fast reactor|LFR]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q1622414|nomatch=}}|Q1622414|[[Pebble-bed reactor|PBR]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q373950|nomatch=}}|Q373950|[[Molten salt reactor|MSR]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q4391458|nomatch=}}|Q4391458|[[Aqueous homogeneous reactor|AHR]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q432432|nomatch=}}|Q432432|[[Advanced heavy-water reactor|AHWR]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q35957|nomatch=}}|Q35957|[[VVER]]|}}}}</includeonly>|}} | label22 = Alaab-qaybiyaha reactor-ka | data22 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P527|2={{{np_reactor_supplier|}}}|name=np_reactor_supplier|qid={{{qid|}}}|qual=P176|qualsonly=y|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P527}}}}}} | header23 = Beerta cadceedda <includeonly>{{Main other|[[Category:Solar power station articles using Infobox power station]]}}</includeonly> | label24 = Nooca | data24 = {{If empty|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{solar_type|}}}}} |PV=[[Photovoltaics|PV-guddiga fidsan]] |CPV=[[Concentrated photovoltaics|CPV]] |CSP=[[Concentrated solar power|CSP]] |#default={{{solar_type|}}} }}|<includeonly>{{Unbulleted list |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P31|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q1003207|nomatch=}}|Q1003207|[[Photovoltaics|PV-ga caadiga ah]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P31|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q61950883|nomatch=}}|Q61950883|[[Concentrator photovoltaics|CPV]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P31|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q285927|nomatch=}}|Q285927|[[Concentrated solar power|CSP]]|}}}}</includeonly>|}} | label25 = Teknolojiyadda CSP | data25 = {{If empty|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{solar_csp_technology|}}}}} |D=[[Solar thermal energy#Dish designs|Milicsiga cadceedda ee saxanka]] |P=[[Parabolic trough|Godka parabolic-ga]] |F=[[Fresnel reflector|Milicsiga Fresnel]] |T=[[Solar power tower|Munaaradda awoodda cadceedda]] |#default={{{solar_csp_technology|}}} }}|<includeonly>{{Unbulleted list |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q61954404|nomatch=}}|Q61954404|[[Solar thermal energy#Dish designs|Milicsiga cadceedda ee saxanka]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q2051219|nomatch=}}|Q2051219|[[Parabolic trough|Godka parabolic-ga]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q5155312|nomatch=}}|Q5155312|[[Fresnel reflector|Milicsiga Fresnel]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q13847726|nomatch=}}|Q13847726|[[Solar power tower|Munaaradda awoodda cadceedda]]|}}}}</includeonly>|}} | label26 = [[Solar thermal collector|Ururiyaasha]] | data26 = {{#if:{{{solar_collectors|}}}|{{{solar_collectors|}}}|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getSumOfParts|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|vlist=Q2051219,Q1347279,Q5155312,Q61954404}}}} | label27 = Wadarta aagga ururiyaha | data27 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValueByQual|1=P2046|2={{{solar_collectors_area|}}}|name=solar_collectors_area|qid={{{qid|}}}|qualID=P518|qvalue=Q1379273|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P2046}}}}}} | label28 = Kheyraadka goobta | data28 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P6876|2={{{solar_site_resource|}}}|name=solar_site_resource|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P6876}}}}}} | label29 = Raad-raaca cadceedda | data29 = {{If empty|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{solar_tracker|}}}}} |SA=[[Solar tracker#Single axis trackers|Dhidibka-kaliya]] |1A=[[Solar tracker#Single axis trackers|Dhidibka-kaliya]] |DA=[[Solar tracker#Dual axis trackers|Dhidibka-labaad]] |2A=[[Solar tracker#Dual axis trackers|Dhidibka-labaad]] |#default={{{solar_tracker|}}} }}|<includeonly>{{Unbulleted list |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q63199411|nomatch=}}|Q63199411|[[Solar tracker#Single axis trackers|Dhidibka-kaliya]]|}} {{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q63199420|nomatch=}}|Q63199420|[[Solar tracker#Dual axis trackers|Dhidibka-labaad]]|}}}}</includeonly>|}} | header30 = Saldhigga korontada kulaylka <includeonly>{{Main other|[[Category:Thermal power station articles using Infobox power station]]}}</includeonly> | label31 = Shidaalka koowaad | data31 = {{If first display both|{{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValueByQual|1=P618|2={{{th_fuel_primary|}}}|name=th_fuel_primary|qid={{{qid|}}}|qualID=P1545|qvalue=1|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|maxvals=1|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#invoke:String2|ucfirst|{{{|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValueByQual|1=P618|2={{{th_fuel_primary|}}}|name=th_fuel_primary|qid={{{qid|}}}|qualID=P1545|qvalue=1|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|maxvals=1|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}}}}}}|{{#invoke:String2|ucfirst|{{{|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P618|2=|name=th_fuel_primary|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|maxvals=1|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}}}}}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P618}}}}}} | label32 = Shidaalka labaad | data32 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:String2|ucfirst|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValueByQual|1=P618|2={{{th_fuel_secondary|}}}|name=th_fuel_secondary|qid={{{qid|}}}|qualID=P1545|qvalue=2|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|maxvals=1|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P618}}}}}} | label33 = Shidaalka saddexaad | data33 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:String2|ucfirst|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValueByQual|1=P618|2={{{th_fuel_tertiary|}}}|name=th_fuel_tertiary|qualID=P1545|qvalue=3|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|maxvals=1|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P618}}}}}} | label34 = Teknolojiyadda matoorka (turbinka) | data34 = {{If empty|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{th_technology|}}}}} |ST=[[Steam turbine|Turbinka uumiga]] |GT=[[Gas turbine|Turbinka gaaska]] |#default={{{th_technology|}}} }}|<includeonly>{{Unbulleted list |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P2670|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q193470|nomatch=}}|Q193470|[[Gas turbine|Turbinka gaaska]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P2670|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q189859|nomatch=}}|Q189859|[[Steam turbine|Turbinka uumiga]]|}}}}</includeonly>|}} | header35 = Saldhigga korontada mawjadaha (tidal) <includeonly>{{Main other|[[Category:Tidal power station articles using Infobox power station]]}}</includeonly> | label36 = [[Tidal_power#Generating_methods|Nooca]] | data36 = {{If empty|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{tide_technology|}}}}} |TB=[[Tidal barrage|Biyo-xireenka mawjadaha]] |TSG=[[Tidal stream generator|Dhalinta mawjadaha]] |DTP=[[Dynamic tidal power|Awoodda mawjadaha firfircoon]] |#default={{{tide_technology|}}} }}|<includeonly>{{Unbulleted list |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q7800783|nomatch=}}|Q7800783|[[Tidal barrage|Biyo-xireenka mawjadaha]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q3250943|nomatch=}}|Q3250943|[[Tidal stream generator|Dhalinta mawjadaha]]|}}}}</includeonly>|}} | label37 = Nooca [[Tidal stream generator|TSG]] | data37 = {{If empty|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{tide_tsg_type|}}}}} |HA=Dhidibka siman |VA=Dhidibka toosan |HF=Hydrofoil |AS=Archimedes screw |TK=Tidal kite |#default={{{tide_tsg_type|}}} }}|<includeonly>{{Unbulleted list |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q63363573|nomatch=}}|Q63363573|Dhidibka siman|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q63363632|nomatch=}}|Q63363632|Dhidibka toosan|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q63363679|nomatch=}}|Q63363679|Oscillating hydrofoil|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q63363745|nomatch=}}|Q63363745|Archimedes screw|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q63363781|nomatch=}}|Q63363781|Tidal kite|}}}}</includeonly>|}} | label38 = Dhererka biyo-xireenka mawjadaha | data38 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getQualifierValue|1=P527|2={{{tide_barrage_height|}}}|name=tide_barrage_height|qid={{{qid|}}}|pval=Q7800783|qual=P2048|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P527}}}}}} | label39 = Dhererka (barrage) | data39 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getQualifierValue|1=P527|2={{{tide_barrage_length|}}}|name=tide_barrage_length|qid={{{qid|}}}|pval=Q7800783|qual=P2043|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P527}}}}}} | label40 = Ballaca (barrage) | data40 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getQualifierValue|1=P527|2={{{tide_barrage_width|}}}|name=tide_barrage_width|qid={{{qid|}}}|pval=Q7800783|qual=P2049|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P527}}}}}} | label41 = Ka gudubka | data41 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P177|2={{{tide_crosses|}}}|name=tide_crosses|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P177}}}}}} | label42 = Xawaaraha kanaalka | data42 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getQualifierValue|1=P177|2={{{tide_channel_speed|}}}|name=tide_channel_speed|qid={{{qid|}}}|pval={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P177|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|qual=P2052|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P177}}}}}} | label43 = Mugga kanaalka | data43 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getQualifierValue|1=P177|2={{{tide_channel_volume|}}}|name=tide_channel_volume|qid={{{qid|}}}|pval={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P177|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|qual=P2225|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P177}}}}}} | label44 = [[Tidal range|Xadka mawjadaha]] | data44 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P4441|2={{{tide_range|}}}|name=tide_range|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P4441}}}}}} | header45 = Saldhigga korontada mawjadaha badda (wave) <includeonly>{{Main other|[[Category:Wave power station articles using Infobox power station]]}}</includeonly> | label46 = [[Wave_power#Modern_technology|Nooca]] | data46 = {{If empty|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{wave_technology|}}}}} |SA=Attenuator |PA=Point absorber |OS=Oscillating wave surge converter |OC=[[Oscillating water column|Tiirka biyaha ee wareega]] |OT=Overtopping/Terminator |PD=Submerged pressure differential |BW=Bulge wave device |RM=Rotating mass |#default={{{wave_technology|}}} }}|<includeonly>{{Unbulleted list |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q63367036|nomatch=}}|Q63367036|Attenuator|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q63367054|nomatch=}}|Q63367054|Point absorber|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q63367137|nomatch=}}|Q63367137|Oscillating wave surge converter|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q3683519|nomatch=}}|Q3683519|[[Oscillating water column|Tiirka biyaha ee wareega]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q63367204|nomatch=}}|Q63367204|Overtopping/Terminator|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q63367211|nomatch=}}|Q63367211|Submerged pressure differential|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q63367217|nomatch=}}|Q63367217|Bulge wave device|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P527|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q63367226|nomatch=}}|Q63367226|Rotating mass|}}}}</includeonly>|}} | label47 = Jirka biyaha | data47 = {{#if:{{{wave_water_body|}}}|{{{wave_water_body|}}}|{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P31|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q3068975|nomatch=}}|Q3068975|Saldhigga korontada mawjadaha|}}|{{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P206|2=|name=wave_water_body|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P206}}}}}}}}}} | label48 = Qoto-dheerida biyaha | data48 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getQualifierValue|1=P206|2={{{wave_water_depth|}}}|name=wave_water_depth|qid={{{qid|}}}|pval={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P206|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|qual=P4511|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P206}}}}}} | label49 = Masaafada xeebta | data49 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getQualifierValue|1=P206|2={{{wave_shore_distance|}}}|name=wave_shore_distance|qid={{{qid|}}}|pval={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P206|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|qual=P2787|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P206}}}}}} | header50 = Beerta dabaysha <includeonly>{{Main other|[[Category:Wind farm articles using Infobox power station]]}}</includeonly> | label51 = [[Wind farm#Types|Nooca]] | data51 = {{If empty|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{wind_farm_type|}}}}} |ON=[[Onshore wind farm|Xeebta/Berriga]] |OF=[[Offshore wind farm|Badweynta/Xeeb ka baxsan]] |#default={{{wind_farm_type|}}} }}|<includeonly>{{Unbulleted list |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P31|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q50687555|nomatch=}}|Q50687555|[[Onshore wind farm|Xeebta/Berriga]]|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P31|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q1357601|nomatch=}}|Q1357601|[[Offshore wind farm|Badweynta/Xeeb ka baxsan]]|}}}}</includeonly>|}} | label52 = Isticmaalka goobta | data52 = {{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P31|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q50687555|nomatch=}}|Q50687555|{{{wind_site_usage|<includeonly>{{Unbulleted list |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P366|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q11451|nomatch=}}|Q11451|Beeraha|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P366|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q2153464|nomatch=}}|Q2153464|Xanaanada xoolaha|}} |{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P366|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q911871|nomatch=}}|Q911871|Saxaraha|}}}}</includeonly>}}}|}} | label53 = Qoto-dheerida ugu badan ee biyaha | data53 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValueByQual|1=P4511|2={{{wind_offshore_depth|}}}|name=wind_offshore_depth|qid={{{qid|}}}|qualID=P518|qvalue=Q1357601|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P4511}}}}}} | label54 = Masaafada xeebta | data54 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValueByQual|1=P2043|2={{{wind_offshore_distance|}}}|name=wind_offshore_distance|qid={{{qid|}}}|qualID=P518|qvalue=Q1357601|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P2043}}}}}} | label55 = Dhererka xudunta (Hub height) | data55 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getQualifierValue|1=P516|2={{{wind_hub_height|}}}|name=wind_hub_height|qid={{{qid|}}}|pval={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P516|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=no|rank=best|maxvals=1}}|qual=P2048|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P516}}}}}} | label56 = Dhexroorka rotor-ka | data56 = {{If empty|{{{wind_rotor_diameter|}}}|{{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getQualifierValue|1=P516|name=wind_rotor_diameter|qid={{{qid|}}}|pval={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P516|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=no|rank=best|maxvals=1}}|qual=P2386|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P516}}}}}}|{{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValueByQual|1=P2386|2=|name=wind_rotor_diameter|qualID=P518|qvalue=Q193466|qid={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|P516|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=no|rank=best|maxvals=1}}|rank=best|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P516|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=no|rank=best|maxvals=1}}|P2386}}}}}}}} | label57 = Xawaaraha dabaysha ee lagu qiimeeyay | data57 = {{If empty|{{{wind_rated_speed|}}}|{{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getQualifierValue|1=P516|2=|name=wind_rated_speed|qid={{{qid|}}}|pval={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|P516|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=no|rank=best|maxvals=1}}|qual=P5065|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P516}}}}}}|{{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValueByQual|1=P5065|2=|name=wind_rated_speed|qid={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|P516|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=no|rank=best|maxvals=1}}|qualID=P1013|qvalue=Q64441440|rank=best|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P516|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=no|rank=best|maxvals=1}}|P5065}}}}}}}} | header58 = {{if empty|{{{ps_header|}}}|_BLANK_}} | label59 = Aagga goobta | data59 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValueByQual|1=P2046|2={{{ps_site_area|}}}|name=ps_site_area|qid={{{qid|}}}|qualID=P518|qvalue=Q159719|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P2046}}}}}} | label60 = Joogga goobta | data60 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P2044|2={{{ps_site_elevation|}}}|name=ps_site_elevation|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P2044}}}}}} | label61 = Qiiq-mareennada (Chimneys) | data61 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getQualifierValue|1=P527|2={{{ps_chimneys|}}}|name=ps_chimneys|qid={{{qid|}}}|pval=Q170477|qual=P1114|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P527}}}}}} | label62 = Munaaradaha qaboojinta | data62 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getQualifierValue|1=P527|2={{{ps_cooling_towers|}}}|name=ps_cooling_towers|qid={{{qid|}}}|pval=Q193886|qual=P1114|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P527}}}}}} | label63 = Isha qaboojinta | data63 = {{#if:{{{ps_cooling_source|}}}|{{{ps_cooling_source|}}}|<includeonly>{{Unbulleted list |{{If first display both|{{#invoke:String2|ucfirst|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getQualifierValue|1=P527|2=|name=ps_cooling_source|qid={{{qid|}}}|pval=Q1049799|qual=P885|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P527}}}}}} |{{If first display both|{{#invoke:String2|ucfirst|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P588|name=ps_cooling_source|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P588}}}}}}}}</includeonly>|}} | label64 = [[Feed-in tariff|Qiimaha korontada (tariff)]] | data64 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P6826|2={{{ps_feed-in_tariff|}}}|name=ps_feed-in_tariff|qid={{{qid|}}}|qual=P1013|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|qlinked=true|unitabbr=false|qprefix=per" "|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P6826}}}}}} | label65 = Dakhliga sanadlaha | data65 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P2139|2={{{ps_revenue|}}}|name=ps_revenue|qid={{{qid|}}}|qual=P585|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P2139}}}}}} | label66 = [[Combined cycle|Wareegga isku-dhafan]]? | data66 = {{#if:{{{ps_combined_cycle|}}}|{{{ps_combined_cycle|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P31|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q900729|nomatch=}}|Q900729|Haa|}}}} | label67 = [[Cogeneration|Koronto-kulul]]? | data67 = {{{ps_cogeneration|{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P31|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q1601458|nomatch=}}|Q1601458|Haa|{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P31|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q61867910|nomatch=}}|Q61867910|Haa|}}}}}}} | label68 = [[Trigeneration|Saddex-koronto]]? | data68 = {{#if:{{{ps_trigeneration|}}}|{{{ps_trigeneration|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P31|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q61876608|nomatch=}}|Q61876608|Haa|}}}} | label69 = [[Integrated water and power plant|IWPP]]? | data69 = {{#if:{{{ps_iwpp|}}}|{{{ps_iwpp|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P31|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q64447720|nomatch=}}|Q64447720|Haa|}}}} | label70 = Habka sifeynta IWPP | data70 = {{If empty|{{#switch:{{uc:{{{ps_iwpp_technology|}}}}} |D=[[Distillation|Sifeynta biyaha]] |R=[[Reverse osmosis plant|Sifeynta Osmosis]] |#default={{{ps_iwpp_technology|}}} }}|{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P31|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q64447720|nomatch=}}|Q64447720|IWPP|}}|{{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getQualifierValue|1=P1056|2={{{ps_iwpp_technology|}}}|name=ps_iwpp_technology|qid={{{qid|}}}|pval=Q283|qual=P2079|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P1056}}}}}}}}}} | label71 = Wax-soo-saarka biyaha IWPP | data71 = {{#if:{{{ps_iwpp_water_output|}}}|{{{ps_iwpp_water_output|}}}|{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P31|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q64447720|nomatch=}}|Q64447720|IWPP|}}|{{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getQualifierValue|1=P1056|2={{{ps_iwpp_water_output|}}}|name=ps_iwpp_water_output|qid={{{qid|}}}|pval=Q283|qual=P2197|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|convert=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P1056}}}}}}}}}} | label72 = Qiimaha biyaha IWPP | data72 = {{#if:{{{ps_iwpp_water_tariff|}}}|{{{ps_iwpp_water_tariff|}}}|{{#if:{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getPropertyIDs|1=P31|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n}}|pattern=Q64447720|nomatch=}}|Q64447720|IWPP|}}|{{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P2555|2={{{ps_iwpp_water_tariff|}}}|name=ps_iwpp_water_tariff|qid={{{qid|}}}|qual=P2210|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P1013}}}}}}}}|}} | label73 = Awoodda kulaylka | data73 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P2056|2={{{ps_thermal_capacity|}}}|name=ps_thermal_capacity|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P2056}}}}}} | label74 = {{{ps_label1|}}} | data74 = {{{ps_data1|}}} | label75 = {{{ps_label2|}}} | data75 = {{{ps_data2|}}} | label76 = {{{ps_label3|}}} | data76 = {{{ps_data3|}}} | label77 = {{{ps_label4|}}} | data77 = {{{ps_data4|}}} | label78 = {{{ps_label5|}}} | data78 = {{{ps_data5|}}} | header79 = Dhalinta korontada | data80 = <includeonly>{{#invoke:Infobox power station|psunits|qid={{{qid|}}}|ps_units_operational={{{ps_units_operational|}}}|ps_units_manu_model={{{ps_units_manu_model|}}}|ps_units_planned={{{ps_units_planned|}}}|ps_units_cancelled={{{ps_units_cancelled|}}}|ps_units_uc={{{ps_units_uc|}}}|ps_units_decommissioned={{{ps_units_decommissioned|}}}|dbug={{{dbug|}}}}}</includeonly> | label86 = [[Nameplate&nbsp;capacity|Awoodda magaca leh]] | data86 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P2109|2={{#iferror:{{#expr:0+{{formatnum:{{{ps_electrical_capacity|}}}|R}}}}|{{{ps_electrical_capacity|}}}|{{{ps_electrical_capacity|}}} [[Megawatt|MW]]}}|name=ps_electrical_capacity|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P2109}}}}}} | label87 = [[Capacity factor|Qaybta awoodda]] | data87 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P6639|2={{{ps_electrical_cap_fac|}}}|name=ps_electrical_cap_fac|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P6639}}}}}} | label88 = [[Net generation|Wax-soo-saarka saafiga ah ee sanadlaha]] | data88 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P4131|2={{#iferror: {{#expr:0+{{formatnum:{{{ps_annual_generation|}}}|R}} }}| {{{ps_annual_generation|}}} | {{{ps_annual_generation|}}} [[GW·h]]}}|name=ps_annual_generation|qid={{{qid|}}}|qual=ALL|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P4131}}}}}} | label89 = [[Energy storage#Storage capacity|Awoodda kaydinta]] | data89 = {{If first display both|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P4140|2={{{ps_storage_capacity|}}}|name=ps_storage_capacity|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|unitabbr=true|sorted=true|noicon=true|list=ubl}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P4140}}}}}} | header90 = Xiriirinta dibadda | label91 = Bogga internetka | data91 = {{If empty|{{{website|}}}|{{If first display both|{{URL2|{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P856|2=|name=website|qid={{{qid|}}}|fetchwikidata={{if empty|{{{fetchwikidata|}}}|ALL}}|suppressfields={{{suppressfields|}}}|onlysourced={{if empty|{{{onlysourced|}}}|false}}|maxvals=1|noicon=true}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{refs|}}}|no}}|yes|{{Wikidata|references|normal+|{{{qid|}}}|P856}}}}}}}} | label92 = Commons | data92 = {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P373|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n|noicon=true}}|[[Commons:Category:{{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|1=P373|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|osd=n|noicon=true}}|Warbaahinta la xiriirta ee Commons]]}} | below = <includeonly>{{#if:{{{child|}}}||{{Edit on Wikidata|qid={{{qid|}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{extra|}}}|<br>{{{extra|}}}}}</includeonly> }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox power station with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox power station]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| | child | commissioned | construction_began | coordinates | cost | country | dbug | decommissioned | embed | employees | extra | fetchwikidata | geo_temp_requirement | geo_type | geo_water_output | geo_well_count | geo_well_depth | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_size | location | location_map_caption | location_map_geomask | location_map_marker | location_map_size | location_map_zoom | logo | logo_alt | logo_size | name | name_official | np_reactor_supplier | np_reactor_type | np_reactors | onlysourced | operator | owner | ps_annual_generation | ps_chimneys | ps_cogeneration | ps_combined_cycle | ps_cooling_source | ps_cooling_towers | ps_data1 | ps_data2 | ps_data3 | ps_data4 | ps_data5 | ps_electrical_cap_fac | ps_electrical_capacity | ps_feed-in_tariff | ps_header | ps_iwpp | ps_iwpp_technology | ps_iwpp_water_output | ps_iwpp_water_tariff | ps_label1 | ps_label2 | ps_label3 | ps_label4 | ps_label5 | ps_revenue | ps_site_area | ps_site_elevation | ps_storage_capacity | ps_thermal_capacity | ps_trigeneration | ps_units_cancelled | ps_units_decommissioned | ps_units_manu_model | ps_units_operational | ps_units_planned | ps_units_uc | qid | refs | solar_collectors | solar_collectors_area | solar_csp_technology | solar_site_resource | solar_tracker | solar_type | status | suppressfields | th_fuel_primary | th_fuel_secondary | th_fuel_tertiary | th_technology | tide_barrage_height | tide_barrage_length | tide_barrage_width | tide_channel_speed | tide_channel_volume | tide_crosses | tide_range | tide_technology | tide_tsg_type | wave_shore_distance | wave_technology | wave_water_body | wave_water_depth | website | wind_farm_type | wind_hub_height | wind_offshore_depth | wind_offshore_distance | wind_rated_speed | wind_rotor_diameter | wind_site_usage }}{{#invoke:Check for clobbered parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox power station]] | pushpin_map; map_type | pushpin_relief; map_relief }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS. --> </noinclude> bxu60bivvhujvdyxsswh1azurzd2yjd 828 48072 299644 2026-06-26T17:51:39Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: --[[ Power supply units Custom module to autofill six parameters for use in Template:Infobox power station Parameters are: ps_units_operational → The number of generation units operational and their nameplate capacity → Example: 3 × 100 MW<br>1 × 110 MW ps_units_manu_model → The manufacturer and model of the generation units → Example: Vestas V164 ps_units_uc → The number of generation units under construction → Example: 2 × 150 MW<br>1 × 160 MW ps_units_dec... 299644 Scribunto text/plain --[[ Power supply units Custom module to autofill six parameters for use in Template:Infobox power station Parameters are: ps_units_operational → The number of generation units operational and their nameplate capacity → Example: 3 × 100 MW<br>1 × 110 MW ps_units_manu_model → The manufacturer and model of the generation units → Example: Vestas V164 ps_units_uc → The number of generation units under construction → Example: 2 × 150 MW<br>1 × 160 MW ps_units_decommissioned → The number of generation units decommissioned → Example: 1 × 75 MW<br>1 × 70 MW ps_units_planned ps_units_cancelled --]] local p = {} local i18n = { ["langcode"] = "en", ["op_lbl"] = "Units&nbsp;operational", ["mm_lbl"] = "Make&nbsp;and&nbsp;model", ["uc_lbl"] = "Units&nbsp;under&nbsp;const.", ["dc_lbl"] = "Units&nbsp;decommissioned", ["pl_lbl"] = "Units&nbsp;planned", ["ca_lbl"] = "Units&nbsp;cancelled", } -- numerically sort sequential tables whose values contain a number, like "350 MW" -- sort on first number found local function numcomp1( x, y ) x = tonumber( tostring(x):match("%d+") ) or 0 y = tonumber( tostring(y):match("%d+") ) or 0 return x < y end -- numerically sort sequential tables whose values contain two numbers, like "1 x 350 MW" -- sort on second number found local function numcomp2( x, y ) x = tonumber( tostring(x):match("%d+%D+(%d+)") ) or 0 y = tonumber( tostring(y):match("%d+%D+(%d+)") ) or 0 return x < y end -- alphabetically sort sequential tables whose values may contain wikilinks. -- Formats: "[[Link|Text]]" or "[[Link]]" or "Text" local function linkcomp( a, b ) -- a = a:gsub("%[%[.*|", ""):gsub("%[%[", ""):gsub("]]","") -> test for best a = a:match("%[%[.*|(.*)]]") or a:match("%[%[(.*)]]") or a b = b:match("%[%[.*|(.*)]]") or b:match("%[%[(.*)]]") or b return a < b end --Render monolingual text local function rendermlt(props, langcode) for k, v in ipairs(props) do v = v.mainsnak or v if v.snaktype == "value" and v.datavalue.value.language == langcode then return v.datavalue.value.text end end end -- Render quantity from snak local function renderqty(snak, langcode) if snak and snak.snaktype == "value" then qty = tonumber(snak.datavalue.value.amount) if not qty then return end -- get qid of unit local uqid = (snak.datavalue.value.unit or ""):match("(Q%d+)") -- scan table of unit symbols local usym = "" for i2, v2 in ipairs( mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(uqid, "P5061") ) do if v2.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and v2.mainsnak.datavalue.value.language == langcode then usym = "&nbsp;" .. v2.mainsnak.datavalue.value.text break end end return qty .. usym end end -- Take a qid and return the shortname (P1813) or label, linked to an article if possible local function linkedname(qid, langcode) local props1813 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P1813") -- may have to use mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(qid, langcode) on multi-lingual wikis: local lbl = rendermlt(props1813, langcode) or mw.wikibase.getLabel(qid) local lnk = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid) return lnk and lbl and ("[[" .. lnk .. "|" .. lbl .."]]") or lnk and ("[[" .. lnk .. "]]") or lbl end p.psunits = function(frame) local args = frame.args local psu_op = args.ps_units_operational or "" local psu_mm = args.ps_units_manu_model or "" local psu_uc = args.ps_units_uc or "" local psu_dc = args.ps_units_decommissioned or "" local psu_pl = args.ps_units_planned or "" local psu_ca = args.ps_units_cancelled or "" local qid = args.qid or "" if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then return nil end local langcode = args.lang or "" if langcode == "" then langcode = i18n.langcode end local status = {} local mm = {} local cap = {} local num = {} local props516 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P516") if #props516 > 0 then for i1, v1 in ipairs(props516) do -- set default count of this engine to 1 num[i1] = 1 -- set default status of this engine to planned status[i1] = "pl" -- model should be value of P516, get manufacturer from the linked P176 and capacity from linked P2109 -- if there is a value that isn't a model, just use the value local mdlqid = (v1.mainsnak.snaktype == "value") and v1.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id if mdlqid then -- look for a shortname to use for model display label, otherwise use model label local mdl = linkedname(mdlqid, langcode) local mfr local props176snak = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(mdlqid, "P176")[1] if props176snak then -- model has a manufacturer props176snak = props176snak and props176snak.mainsnak local mfrqid = (props176snak.snaktype == "value") and props176snak.datavalue.value.id if mfrqid then -- look for a shortname to use for manufacturer display label, otherwise use manufacturer label mfr = linkedname(mfrqid, langcode) end end mm[i1] = mfr and mdl and (mfr .. " " .. mdl) or mfr or mdl -- get default capacity local props2109snak = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(mdlqid, "P2109")[1] props2109snak = props2109snak and props2109snak.mainsnak cap[i1] = renderqty(props2109snak, langcode) elseif v1.mainsnak.snaktype == "somevalue" then mm[i1] = "Unknown" -- set default capacity cap[i1] = 0 end local quals = v1.qualifiers if quals then -- determine status from service retirement/entry/inception local dcsnak = quals.P730 and quals.P730[1].snaktype local opsnak = quals.P729 and quals.P729[1].snaktype local ucsnak = quals.P571 and quals.P571[1].snaktype if dcsnak == "value" or dcsnak == "somevalue" then status[i1] = "dc" elseif opsnak == "value" or opsnak == "somevalue" then status[i1] = "op" elseif ucsnak == "value" or ucsnak == "somevalue" then status[i1] = "uc" end -- override if state of use (P5817) is cancelled-abandoned (Q30108381) if quals.P5817 and quals.P5817[1].snaktype == "value" and quals.P5817[1].datavalue.value.id == "Q30108381" then status[i1] = "ca" end -- override default capacity from qualifier P2109 if available if quals.P2109 and quals.P2109[1].snaktype == "value" then cap[i1] = renderqty(quals.P2109[1], langcode) end -- if quantity (P1114) is given, replace num value if quals.P1114 and quals.P1114[1].snaktype == "value" then num[i1] = tonumber(quals.P1114[1].datavalue.value.amount) or 1 end end -- convert capacity in kW to MW if (cap[i1] or ""):sub(-2) == "kW" then local c = tonumber(cap[i1]:match("%d+")) cap[i1] = c/1000 .. "&nbsp;" .. "MW" end end end -- construct set of manufacturers and models of operational units -- key is the manufacturer + model and value is count of that local opmm = {} for i, v in ipairs(status) do if v == "op" and mm[i] then opmm[mm[i]] = (opmm[mm[i]] or 0) + num[i] end end -- construct html string from the set of manufacturers and models -- first make a sequential table local opmmseq = {} for k, v in pairs(opmm) do opmmseq[#opmmseq+1] = k .. " (" .. v .. ")" end table.sort(opmmseq, linkcomp) if psu_mm == "" then psu_mm = table.concat(opmmseq, "<br>") end -- construct sets of capacities of operational units (opcap), -- units under construction (uccap), decommissioned (dccap)], -- planned (plcap) and cancelled (cacap) -- key is the capacity and value is count of that capacity. local opcap, uccap, dccap, plcap, cacap = {}, {}, {}, {}, {} for i, v in ipairs(status) do if v == "uc" and cap[i] then uccap[cap[i]] = (uccap[cap[i]] or 0) + num[i] end if v == "op" and cap[i] then opcap[cap[i]] = (opcap[cap[i]] or 0) + num[i] end if v == "dc" and cap[i] then dccap[cap[i]] = (dccap[cap[i]] or 0) + num[i] end if v == "pl" and cap[i] then plcap[cap[i]] = (plcap[cap[i]] or 0) + num[i] end if v == "ca" and cap[i] then cacap[cap[i]] = (cacap[cap[i]] or 0) + num[i] end end -- construct html strings from the sets of capacities -- first make a sequential table -- under construction local uccapseq = {} for k, v in pairs(uccap) do uccapseq[#uccapseq+1] = v .. " × " .. k end table.sort(uccapseq, numcomp2) if psu_uc == "" then psu_uc = table.concat(uccapseq, "<br>") end -- operational local opcapseq = {} for k, v in pairs(opcap) do opcapseq[#opcapseq+1] = v .. " × " .. k end table.sort(opcapseq, numcomp2) if psu_op == "" then psu_op = table.concat(opcapseq, "<br>") end -- decommissioned local dccapseq = {} for k, v in pairs(dccap) do dccapseq[#dccapseq+1] = v .. " × " .. k end table.sort(dccapseq, numcomp2) if psu_dc == "" then psu_dc = table.concat(dccapseq, "<br>") end -- planned local plcapseq = {} for k, v in pairs(plcap) do plcapseq[#plcapseq+1] = v .. " × " .. k end table.sort(plcapseq, numcomp2) if psu_pl == "" then psu_pl = table.concat(plcapseq, "<br>") end -- cancelled local cacapseq = {} for k, v in pairs(cacap) do cacapseq[#cacapseq+1] = v .. " × " .. k end table.sort(cacapseq, numcomp2) if psu_ca == "" then psu_ca = table.concat(cacapseq, "<br>") end -- construct table rows local out = "" -- operational if psu_op ~= "" then out = out .. "<tr><th>" .. i18n.op_lbl .. "</th><td>" .. psu_op .. "</td></tr>" end -- make & model if psu_mm ~= "" then out = out .. "<tr><th>" .. i18n.mm_lbl .. "</th><td>" .. psu_mm .. "</td></tr>" end -- planned if psu_pl ~= "" then out = out .. "<tr><th>" .. i18n.pl_lbl .. "</th><td>" .. psu_pl .. "</td></tr>" end -- cancelled if psu_ca ~= "" then out = out .. "<tr><th>" .. i18n.ca_lbl .. "</th><td>" .. psu_ca .. "</td></tr>" end -- under const. if psu_uc ~= "" then out = out .. "<tr><th>" .. i18n.uc_lbl .. "</th><td>" .. psu_uc .. "</td></tr>" end -- decommissioned if psu_dc ~= "" then out = out .. "<tr><th>" .. i18n.dc_lbl .. "</th><td>" .. psu_dc .. "</td></tr>" end if args.dbug and args.dbug ~= "" then local debugstr = "debug info<br>" for i, v in pairs(status) do debugstr = debugstr .. i .. " - " .. v .. " - " .. (cap[i] or "") .. " - " .. (mm[i] or "") .. " x " .. (num[i] or "") .. "<br>" end local count = 0 for k, v in pairs(opmm) do count = count +1 end debugstr = debugstr .. "opmm size = " .. count out = out .. "<tr><td colspan='2'>" .. debugstr .. "</td></tr>" end -- Construct html hack to fit in when passed to Template:Infobox, which prefixes the data with -- <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> and suffixes it with </td></tr> if #out > 0 then out = "</td>" .. out:sub(1,-11) end return out end return p 1x84jjikmsbqqold9743kb2e3arld6a 0 48073 299645 2026-06-26T17:51:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox power station |name = Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Firestone |image = |image_caption = |location = [[Harbel]], [[Margibi County]], [[Liberia]] |coordinates = {{coord|6|17|51|N|10|18|08|W|region:LR_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |owner = [[Firestone Tire and Rubber Company|Firestone Plantations Company]] |status = O |th_fuel_primary = [[Hydropower|Korontada Biyaha]] |th_combined_cycle = |ps_units_operational= 4 |ps_electrical_capacity= {{convert|4.8|MW|abbr=on}} |commissioned = 1942 |decommissioned = }} '''Saldhigga korontada biyaha ee Firestone''' waa saldhig [[hydroelectric|koronto biyood]] ah oo ku yaalla [[Liberia]] kana dul dhisan [[Farmington River (Liberia)|Webiga Farmington]]. Waxaa la dhisay 1942-kii, waxaana uu ahaa biyo-xireenkii ugu horreeyay ee dhalinta korontada ee lagu dhiso dalka.<ref name=undp>[http://www.lr.undp.org/State%20of%20the%20environment%20report%20final.pdf First State of the Environment Report for Liberia – 2006.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411035426/http://www.lr.undp.org/State%20of%20the%20environment%20report%20final.pdf |date=2009-04-11 }} United Nations Development Programme. 2006, p. 44-45. Retrieved on October 19, 2008.</ref> Wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Harbel]], [[Margibi County]], waxaana maamula [[Firestone Tire and Rubber Company|Shirkadda Firestone Plantations]].<ref name=undp/> [[File:Hydro Plant Dec 2022.png|thumb]] [[File:Firestone Hydro Plant.png|thumb]] == Awoodda == Mashruucu wuxuu leeyahay awood dhalin dhan {{convert|64|MW}} oo ay soo saaraan afar [[turbine|matoor]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtcoffeeliberia.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818031054/http://mtcoffeeliberia.com |url-status=usurped |archive-date=August 18, 2013 |title=Home |website=mtcoffeeliberia.com}}</ref><ref name=undp/> Dhismihii hore waxaa loo sameeyay in koronto la siiyo xarun ciidan oo Maraykan ah oo ku taalla aagga intii lagu jiray [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] iyo in la siiyo koronto magaalada [[Robertsfield]].<ref name=undp/> Warshadda waxay ahayd xaruntii keliya ee korontada biyaha ee aan waxyeelloobin intii lagu jiray Dagaalladii Sokeeye.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reeep.org/57.9685/liberia-finds-role-for-renewables.htm |title=Liberia Finds Role for renewables |last=Osterkorn |first=Marianne |date=April 17, 2008 |publisher=REEEP |accessdate=2008-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006172619/http://www.reeep.org/57.9685/liberia-finds-role-for-renewables.htm |archive-date=October 6, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 9756dilezxr5mxxcmhwhxdw12in979f 0 48074 299647 2026-06-26T18:02:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Souapiti<br/>{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|苏阿皮蒂水电站}}}} | image = | image_caption = | image_size = 300 | location_map = Guinea | location_map_size = 300 | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{Coord| 10.42| -13.26}} | country = [[Jamhuuriyadda Guinea]] | location = oo ku yaalla [[Webiga Konkoure]]<ref name="Dango2019">{{cite book|author=Abdou Mahaman Dango|title=A Guide to Sustainable Energy in West Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dMLDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|date=25 November 2019|publisher=[[Cambridge Scholars Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-5275-4399-7|pages=27–}}</ref> | purpose = Koronto | status = | construction_began = 22 Diseembar, 2015 | opening = | demolished = | cost = $2 bilyan<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/2015/09/23/guinea-considering-chinese-partner-to-build-550-mw-souapiti-hydro/#gref|title=Guinea considering Chinese partner to build 550-MW Souapiti hydro|first= |last= |date=September 23, 2015|accessdate=|website=Hydroreview.com}}</ref> | owner = | website = | extra = }} '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Souapiti'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-05/12/c_136276420.htm|title=Feature: Chinese workers help bring prosperity to countries along Belt and Road|first=|last=|date=2017-05-12|accessdate=|publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]]}}</ref> ({{zh|苏阿皮蒂水电站}}),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/i/jyjl/k/201907/20190702881520.shtml|title=利比里亚总统维阿参观凯乐塔水电站和苏阿皮蒂水电站|first= |last= |date=2019-07-14|accessdate=|website=[[Ministry of Commerce (China)|Ministry of Commerce]]}}</ref> oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Souapiti<ref name="Dept.2019">{{cite book|author=International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.|title=Guinea: Technical Report-Public Investment Management Assessment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ghu3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT51|date=28 March 2019|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|isbn=978-1-4983-0391-0|pages=51–}}</ref> ama Warshadda Korontada Biyaha ee Souapiti,<ref>{{cite book|title=Guinea - Electricity Access Scale Up Project|url=http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/869041550631657109/text/Guinea-Electricity-Access-Scale-Up-Project.txt|date=January 25, 2019|publisher=[[World Bank]]}}</ref> waa mashruuc [[biyo]]-xireen ah oo ku yaalla [[Jamhuuriyadda Guinea]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.enr.com/articles/44304-china-exim-bank-to-fund-souapiti-hydro-project-in-guinea|title=China Exim Bank To Fund Souapiti Hydro Project in Guinea|first= |last= |date=Apr 9, 2018|accessdate=|publisher=[[Engineering News-Record]]}}</ref> kaas oo ku yaalla [[Webiga Konkoure]],<ref name="BarhamBunker1994">{{cite book|author1=Brad Barham|author2=Stephen G. Bunker|author3=Denis O'Hearn|author3-link=Denis O'Hearn|title=States, Firms, and Raw Materials: The World Economy and Ecology of Aluminum|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1NS2ja36QckC&pg=PA191|year=1994|publisher=[[University of Wisconsin Press]]|isbn=978-0-299-14114-1|pages=191–}}</ref> awood guud oo la rakibay oo ah 550 MW. Mashruucan waxaa dhistay shirkadda [[China International Water & Electric Corporation]] (CWE).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2020/04/16/were-leaving-everything-behind/impact-guineas-souapiti-dam-displaced-communities|title=The Impact of Guinea's Souapiti Dam on Displaced Communities|first= |last= |date=April 16, 2020|accessdate=|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref> Xarunta korontada ayaa lagu qiyaasay in ay ku kacayso ilaa $2 bilyan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-09-15/china-s-cwe-in-talks-to-build-2-billion-dam-in-guinea|title=China's CWE in Talks to Build $2 Billion Dam in Guinea|first= |last= |date=Sep 15, 2015|accessdate=|publisher=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> [[File:Souapiti Dam watershed.jpg|thumb|Baaxadda Biyaha ee Biyo-xireenka Souapiti iyo Kaydka Biyaha ([https://mghydro.com/app/shared/348F86 Khariidad is-dhexgal ah])]] ==Taariikh== Xafladda dhagax-dhigga ee Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Souapiti ayaa la qabtay 22 Diseembar, 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gb.oversea.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=N2019060102000287&dbcode=CYFD&dbname=CYFD|title=A delegation from the African Development Bank visited and inspected the Kaleta Hydropower Station and Suapiti Hydropower Station in Guinea|first= |last= |date=2019-06-10|accessdate=|website=[[CNKI]]}}</ref> [[Warshadda korontada biyaha]] ayaa la dhameeyay oo la hawlgeliyay sanadkii 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gn.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/202005/20200502966005.shtml|title=Guinea's Souapiti Hydropower Station: Resuming work and production to help the local fight against the epidemic|first= |last= |date=2020-05-19|accessdate=|website=[[Ministry of Commerce (China)|Ministry of Commerce]]}}</ref> Mashruucyada waaweyn ee biyo-xireennada ayaa taariikh ahaan saameyn taban ku yeeshay deegaanka iyo bulshooyinka maxalliga ah, kuwaas oo ay barakiciyeen fatahaadaha kaydka biyaha.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Zed Books| isbn = 978-1-85649-902-6| last = McCully| first = Patrick| title = Silenced Rivers: The Ecology and Politics of Large Dams| location = London; New York| date = 2001-10-01}}</ref> Si looga jawaabo, dad badan oo dhisayay iyo maalgeliyayaal biyo-xireenno ayaa isku raacay qaar ka mid ah mabaadi'da ay abuurtay [[Guddiga Adduunka ee Biyo-xireennada]] sanadkii 2000. Sida laga soo xigtay ururka aan faa'iido doonka ahayn ee [[International Rivers]], dadka deegaanka Madina Tahiré, Tènè Kansa iyo Khouloufa (oo ku yaalla gobolka Dubreka ee Waqooyi Galbeed ee Guinea) si ku filan loogama talo-gelin dhismaha biyo-xireenka. Tuulo-degganayaasha ayaa loo raray goobo leh dhul aan wax-soo-saar lahayn iyo sahay biyo oo aan ku filnayn, taas oo xadgudub ku ah xuquuqdooda aadanaha iyo sharciga caalamiga ah.<ref>{{Cite web| last = Ngende| first = Genny| title = Communities Left in Dire Straits After the Construction of the Souapiti Dam in Guinea| work = International Rivers| access-date = 2024-08-09| date = 2024-07-21| url = https://www.internationalrivers.org/news/communities-left-in-dire-straits-after-the-construction-of-the-souapiti-dam/}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{commons category}} coll0qfu6s2licb0dgwfzm9z3j9s0p8 299648 299647 2026-06-26T18:02:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Souapiti<br/>{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|苏阿皮蒂水电站}}}} | image = | image_caption = | image_size = 300 | location_map = Guinea | location_map_size = 300 | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{Coord| 10.42| -13.26}} | country = [[Jamhuuriyadda Guinea]] | location = oo ku yaalla [[Webiga Konkoure]]<ref name="Dango2019">{{cite book|author=Abdou Mahaman Dango|title=A Guide to Sustainable Energy in West Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dMLDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|date=25 November 2019|publisher=[[Cambridge Scholars Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-5275-4399-7|pages=27–}}</ref> | purpose = Koronto | status = | construction_began = 22 Diseembar, 2015 | opening = | demolished = | cost = $2 bilyan<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/2015/09/23/guinea-considering-chinese-partner-to-build-550-mw-souapiti-hydro/#gref|title=Guinea considering Chinese partner to build 550-MW Souapiti hydro|first= |last= |date=September 23, 2015|accessdate=|website=Hydroreview.com}}</ref> | owner = | website = | extra = }} '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Souapiti'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-05/12/c_136276420.htm|title=Feature: Chinese workers help bring prosperity to countries along Belt and Road|first=|last=|date=2017-05-12|accessdate=|publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]]}}</ref> ({{langx|zh|苏阿皮蒂水电站}}),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/i/jyjl/k/201907/20190702881520.shtml|title=利比里亚总统维阿参观凯乐塔水电站和苏阿皮蒂水电站|first= |last= |date=2019-07-14|accessdate=|website=[[Ministry of Commerce (China)|Ministry of Commerce]]}}</ref> oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Souapiti<ref name="Dept.2019">{{cite book|author=International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.|title=Guinea: Technical Report-Public Investment Management Assessment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ghu3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT51|date=28 March 2019|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|isbn=978-1-4983-0391-0|pages=51–}}</ref> ama Warshadda Korontada Biyaha ee Souapiti,<ref>{{cite book|title=Guinea - Electricity Access Scale Up Project|url=http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/869041550631657109/text/Guinea-Electricity-Access-Scale-Up-Project.txt|date=January 25, 2019|publisher=[[World Bank]]}}</ref> waa mashruuc [[biyo]]-xireen ah oo ku yaalla [[Jamhuuriyadda Guinea]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.enr.com/articles/44304-china-exim-bank-to-fund-souapiti-hydro-project-in-guinea|title=China Exim Bank To Fund Souapiti Hydro Project in Guinea|first= |last= |date=Apr 9, 2018|accessdate=|publisher=[[Engineering News-Record]]}}</ref> kaas oo ku yaalla [[Webiga Konkoure]],<ref name="BarhamBunker1994">{{cite book|author1=Brad Barham|author2=Stephen G. Bunker|author3=Denis O'Hearn|author3-link=Denis O'Hearn|title=States, Firms, and Raw Materials: The World Economy and Ecology of Aluminum|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1NS2ja36QckC&pg=PA191|year=1994|publisher=[[University of Wisconsin Press]]|isbn=978-0-299-14114-1|pages=191–}}</ref> awood guud oo la rakibay oo ah 550 MW. Mashruucan waxaa dhistay shirkadda [[China International Water & Electric Corporation]] (CWE).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2020/04/16/were-leaving-everything-behind/impact-guineas-souapiti-dam-displaced-communities|title=The Impact of Guinea's Souapiti Dam on Displaced Communities|first= |last= |date=April 16, 2020|accessdate=|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref> Xarunta korontada ayaa lagu qiyaasay in ay ku kacayso ilaa $2 bilyan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-09-15/china-s-cwe-in-talks-to-build-2-billion-dam-in-guinea|title=China's CWE in Talks to Build $2 Billion Dam in Guinea|first= |last= |date=Sep 15, 2015|accessdate=|publisher=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> [[File:Souapiti Dam watershed.jpg|thumb|Baaxadda Biyaha ee Biyo-xireenka Souapiti iyo Kaydka Biyaha ([https://mghydro.com/app/shared/348F86 Khariidad is-dhexgal ah])]] ==Taariikh== Xafladda dhagax-dhigga ee Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Souapiti ayaa la qabtay 22 Diseembar, 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gb.oversea.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=N2019060102000287&dbcode=CYFD&dbname=CYFD|title=A delegation from the African Development Bank visited and inspected the Kaleta Hydropower Station and Suapiti Hydropower Station in Guinea|first= |last= |date=2019-06-10|accessdate=|website=[[CNKI]]}}</ref> [[Warshadda korontada biyaha]] ayaa la dhameeyay oo la hawlgeliyay sanadkii 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gn.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/202005/20200502966005.shtml|title=Guinea's Souapiti Hydropower Station: Resuming work and production to help the local fight against the epidemic|first= |last= |date=2020-05-19|accessdate=|website=[[Ministry of Commerce (China)|Ministry of Commerce]]}}</ref> Mashruucyada waaweyn ee biyo-xireennada ayaa taariikh ahaan saameyn taban ku yeeshay deegaanka iyo bulshooyinka maxalliga ah, kuwaas oo ay barakiciyeen fatahaadaha kaydka biyaha.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Zed Books| isbn = 978-1-85649-902-6| last = McCully| first = Patrick| title = Silenced Rivers: The Ecology and Politics of Large Dams| location = London; New York| date = 2001-10-01}}</ref> Si looga jawaabo, dad badan oo dhisayay iyo maalgeliyayaal biyo-xireenno ayaa isku raacay qaar ka mid ah mabaadi'da ay abuurtay [[Guddiga Adduunka ee Biyo-xireennada]] sanadkii 2000. Sida laga soo xigtay ururka aan faa'iido doonka ahayn ee [[International Rivers]], dadka deegaanka Madina Tahiré, Tènè Kansa iyo Khouloufa (oo ku yaalla gobolka Dubreka ee Waqooyi Galbeed ee Guinea) si ku filan loogama talo-gelin dhismaha biyo-xireenka. Tuulo-degganayaasha ayaa loo raray goobo leh dhul aan wax-soo-saar lahayn iyo sahay biyo oo aan ku filnayn, taas oo xadgudub ku ah xuquuqdooda aadanaha iyo sharciga caalamiga ah.<ref>{{Cite web| last = Ngende| first = Genny| title = Communities Left in Dire Straits After the Construction of the Souapiti Dam in Guinea| work = International Rivers| access-date = 2024-08-09| date = 2024-07-21| url = https://www.internationalrivers.org/news/communities-left-in-dire-straits-after-the-construction-of-the-souapiti-dam/}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{commons category}} 83m8ajprxsxfff3tqc1tcqvusbycae9 0 48075 299649 2026-06-26T18:06:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Pita | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Guinea | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Khariidadda Guinea oo muujinaysa goobta ay ku taal Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Pita. | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|10|53|03|N|12|38|24|W|display=inline, title}} | location_map_relief = | country = [[Guinea]] | location = [[Pita, Guinea|Pita]], [[Degmada Pita]], [[Gobolka Mamou]] | purpose = P | status = P | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = US$92.3 milyan | owner = [[Eiffage]] | operator = | dam_type = [[Run of river]] | dam_crosses = Webiga Fétoré (gacan ka mid ah ''Webiga Kakrima'') | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = 40 MW | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Pita''' ('''PHPS''') waa xarun korontada biyaha oo la qorsheeyay oo dhan {{convert|40|MW}}, taas oo ka gudubta ''Webiga Fétoré'', oo ah gacantii ''Webiga Kakrima'', ee dalka [[Guinea]]. Xarunta korontada ayaa waxaa horumarinaya [[Eiffage|Eiffage International]], oo ah shirkad Faransiis ah oo ku takhasustay [[injineernimada madaniga ah]] iyo [[dhismaha]], fadhigeeduna yahay [[Asnières-sur-Seine]], oo ah xaafad ka tirsan Paris, qiyaastii {{convert|8|km|0}}, waqooyi ka xigta bartamaha magaaladaas.<ref name="1R">{{cite web| work=Construction Review Online |url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/guinea-to-develop-40mw-hydroelectric-dam-in-pita/ |title=Guinea to develop 40MW hydroelectric dam in Pita |date=15 August 2021 |author=Dominic Mandela |access-date=11 September 2021 |place=Nairobi, Kenya}}</ref><ref name="2R">{{cite web| work=Afrik21.africa | url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/guinea-eiffage-to-build-a-40-mw-dam-in-the-west-of-the-country/ |title=Guinea: Eiffage to build a 40 MW dam in the West of the country |date=1 October 2019 |author=Boris Ngounou |access-date=11 September 2021 | place=Paris, France}}</ref> ==Goobta== Xarunta korontada ayaa ku taalla meel u dhow magaalada [[Pita, Guinea|Pita]], ee [[Degmada Pita]], ee [[Gobolka Mamou]], ee koonfurta-dhexe ee Guinea. Pita waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii {{convert|108|km|0}}, oo waddada loo maro, waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta magaalada [[Mamou]], oo ah caasimadda gobolka.<ref name="3R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Pita,+Guinea/Mamou,+Guinea/@10.5437806,-12.4921733,9z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0xefdcad22a873a2b:0x7517932ea8c88f35!2m2!1d-12.3979431!2d11.0574624!1m5!1m1!1s0xf02000e21a808cf:0x74abfc564792c6e!2m2!1d-12.0832543!2d10.3785237!3e0 |title=Road Distance Between Pita, Guinea And Mamou, Guinea With Map | access-date=11 September 2021}}</ref> Tani waa qiyaastii {{convert|313|km|0}}, oo waddada loo maro, waqooyi-bari ka xigta [[Conakry]], oo ah caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn dalka.<ref name="4R">{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Pita,+Guinea/Conakry,+Guinea/@10.3458162,-12.9445971,8z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0xefdcad22a873a2b:0x7517932ea8c88f35!2m2!1d-12.3979431!2d11.0574624!1m5!1m1!1s0xf1cd12aa388e129:0x8a66de1569d341d4!2m2!1d-13.5784012!2d9.6411855!3e0 |title=Road Distance Between Pita, Guinea And Conakry, Guinea With Map |access-date=11 September 2021}}</ref> ==Dulmar== Sebtember 2019, shirkadda injineernimada madaniga ah iyo dhismaha ee Faransiiska Eiffage, ayaa soo bandhigtay daraasadda macquulnimada ee xaruntan korontada dhagaystayaal ku sugnaa Conakry, caasimadda Guinea. Webiga Fétoré, oo uu biyo-xireenku ka dul-dhisnaan doono, waa webi xilliyeed, kaas oo xaruntan korontada taageeri doona lix bilood sanadkii, inta lagu jiro xilliga roobka. Waxaa hadda la qorsheynayaa in la dhiso xarun koronto oo qorraxda ku shaqeysa oo la socota si ay u kabto biyo-xireenka xilliyeed.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/> ==Lahaanshaha== Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Pita, ayaa waxaa horumarinaya oo leh Eiffage, oo ah shirkad Faransiis ah oo ku takhasustay injineernimada madaniga ah iyo dhismaha.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/> ==Kharashka dhismaha iyo jadwalka== Qiyaastii ugu dambeysay ee kharashka la heli karo ee mashruucan tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo waa US$92.3 milyan. Dhismaha ayaa qaadan doona qiyaastii lix sano.<ref name="1R"/> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{stack|{{Portal|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}}}} *[[Liiska xarumaha korontada ee Guinea]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist|33em}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://www.hydropower.org/country-profiles/guinea Macluumaadka Waddanka: Guinea] Ilaa Maajo 2016. {{Authority control}} me8dv7osvcxft6by7f1k40omro7ayja 0 48076 299650 2026-06-26T18:09:38Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Koukoutamba | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Guinea | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Khariidadda Guinea oo muujinaysa goobta ay ku taal Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Koukoutamba | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|11|16|06|N|11|20|45|W|display=inline,title}} | location_map_relief = | country = [[Guinea]] | location = | purpose = P | status = P | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = US$ 812 milyan | owner = [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] | operator = [[OMVS]] | dam_type = [[Run of river]] | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Bafing]] | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = {{convert|294|MW}} | plant_annual_gen = 888 GWh | website = | extra = }} '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Koukoutamba''' waa xarun korontada biyaha oo la qorsheeyay oo dhan {{convert|294|MW|sing=on}}, taas oo ka gudubta [[Webiga Bafing]], oo ah gacantii [[Webiga Senegal]], ee dalka [[Guinea]]. Xarunta korontada ayaa waxaa horumarinaya [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS; Af-Ingiriisi: Hay'adda Horumarinta Dooxada Webiga Senegal). OMVS waxay korontada u iibin doontaa shirkadaha adeegga korontada ee afar ka mid ah waddamada xubnaha ka ah ururka. [[Sinohydro]], oo ah shirkad [[biyo-koronto]], [[injineernimo]] iyo [[dhismaha]] ah, oo ay leedahay [[SASAC|Dowladda Shiinaha]], ayaa lagu abaalmariyay qandaraaska [[injineernimada, iibsashada iyo dhismaha]] (EPC). Mashruuca oo ku kacaya US$812 milyan ayaa waxaa maalgelinaya [[Exim Bank of China]].<ref name="1R">{{cite web|url=https://www.hydropower-dams.com/news/sinohydro-to-build-the-294-mw-koukoutamba-dam-in-guinea/ |title=Sinohydro to build the 294 MW Koukoutamba dam in Guinea |date=13 March 2019 | work=The International Journal On Hydropower And Dams | author=Hydropower-Dams |access-date=27 August 2021 | place=Wallington, Surrey, United Kingdom}}</ref> ==Goobta== Xarunta korontada ayaa ku taalla bulshada Koukoutamba, ee [[Degmada Tougué]], ee [[Gobolka Labé]] ee Guinea. Koukoutamba waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii {{convert|60|km|0}} oo waddada loo maro, koonfur-bari ka xigta [[Tougué]] oo ah caasimadda degmada.<ref name="2R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Koukoutamba,+Guinea/Tougue,+Guinea/@11.4277044,-11.4804728,33374m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0xeff0284deccc587:0xa5b68d8519dfc174!2m2!1d-11.334833!2d11.2713343!1m5!1m1!1s0xefeeaf05ed7dae5:0x517f043921b20a42!2m2!1d-11.6641388!2d11.4464221!3e0 |title=Road Distance Between Koukoutamba, Guinea And Tougué, Guinea With Interactive Map |access-date=27 August 2021}}</ref> Tani waa qiyaastii {{convert|152|km|0}} oo waddada loo maro, bariga ka xigta magaalada [[Labé]], oo ah caasimadda gobolka.<ref name="3R">{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Koukoutamba,+Guinea/Labe,+Guinea/@11.4123714,-11.8640567,94402m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0xeff0284deccc587:0xa5b68d8519dfc174!2m2!1d-11.334833!2d11.2713343!1m5!1m1!1s0xefc3b080d73bd53:0x249fc7465b54091e!2m2!1d-12.2891314!2d11.3232042!3e0 |title=Road Distance Between Koukoutamba, Guinea And Labe, Guinea With Map | access-date=27 August 2021}}</ref> Koukoutamba waa qiyaastii {{convert|456|km|0}}, oo waddada loo maro, waqooyi-bari ka xigta magaalada [[Conakry]], oo ah caasimadda dalka.<ref name="4R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Koukoutamba,+Guinea/Conakry,+Guinea/@10.5618885,-13.3796306,8z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0xeff0284deccc587:0xa5b68d8519dfc174!2m2!1d-11.334833!2d11.2713343!1m5!1m1!1s0xf1cd12aa388e129:0x8a66de1569d341d4!2m2!1d-13.5784012!2d9.6411855!3e0 |title=Road Distance Between Koukoutamba, Guinea And Conakry, Guinea With Interactive Map |access-date=27 August 2021}}</ref> ==Dulmar== Biyo-xireenka Koukoutamba ee la soo jeediyay ayaa u adeegi doona ujeedooyin badan. Marka laga soo tago dhalinta 294 megawatt oo tamar nadiif ah oo dib loo cusboonaysiin karo, waxay abuuri doontaa kayd biyo oo awood u leh inay kaydiyaan {{convert|36000000000|m3|0}} oo biyo ah. Biyaha halkan lagu kaydiyay waxay gacan ka geysan doonaan abuurista faa'iidooyin dhinacyada biyaha la cabbo, beeraha, xoolaha, kalluumeysiga iyo gaadiidka biyaha.<ref name="1R"/> Korontada halkan laga dhaliyo ayaa si siman loogu qaybin doonaa shirkadaha adeegga korontada ee afar ka mid ah waddamada xubnaha ka ah [[OMVS]], hay'adda horumarinaysa oo leh biyo-xireenka iyo xarunta korontada.<ref name="1R"/> ==Lahaanshaha== Shaxda hoose waxay muujinaysaa shirkadaha adeegga korontada ee xubnaha ka ah [[Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal]] (OMVS), Hay'adda Horumarinta Dooxada Webiga Senegal, taas oo leh oo horumarinaysa Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Koukoutamba.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="5R">{{cite web|url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/guinea-sinohydro-to-build-the-294-mw-koukoutamba-hydroelectric-dam/ |date=4 March 2019 |title=Guinea: Sinohydro to build the 294 MW Koukoutamba hydroelectric dam |work=Afrik21.africa |author=Jean Marie Takouleu |access-date=27 August 2021 |location=Paris, France}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 0.5em auto" |+ Shirkadaha adeegga korontada ee xubnaha ka ah OMVS ! Darajo !!Adeegga !! Degganaanshaha !! Saamiga Koukoutamba HPP !!Qoraallo |- | 1 ||Shirkadda Korontada Qaranka ee Senegal (Senelec)|| [[Senegal]] ||73.5 MW ||<ref name="1R"/><ref name="5R"/> |- | 2 ||Electricité de Guinée (EDG) || [[Guinea]] ||73.5 MW ||<ref name="1R"/><ref name="5R"/> |- | 3 ||Shirkadda Korontada Mauritania (Somelec) || [[Mauritania]] ||73.5 MW||<ref name="1R"/><ref name="5R"/> |- | 4 ||Energie du Mali (EDM) || [[Mali]] ||73.5 MW ||<ref name="1R"/><ref name="5R"/> |- |} ==Kharashka dhismaha iyo maalgelinta== Qandaraaska [[injineernimada, iibsashada iyo dhismaha]] (EPC) ee mashruucan ayaa waxaa la siiyay [[Sinohydro]], oo ah shirkadda Shiinaha ee dowladda ay leedahay ee injineernimada iyo dhismaha biyo-korontada. Miisaaniyadda dhismaha ayaa la sheegay inay tahay US$812 milyan.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="5R"/> Lacagaha dhismaha ayaa laga soo amaahan doonaa [[Exim Bank of China]]. Marka la bilaabo, dhismaha ayaa la filayaa inuu qaato afar sano.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="5R"/><ref name="6R">{{cite web| url=https://www.equaltimes.org/in-guinea-environmentalists-and#.YSihYo5KjIU |work=Equaltimes.org |title=In Guinea, environmentalists and locals are divided over the building of a dam near a wildlife park |date=17 March 2021 |author=Mamadou Oury Diallo |access-date=27 August 2021 |format=Turjumid laga soo qaatay luqaddii asalka ahayd ee Faransiiska}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{stack|{{Portal|Guinea|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}}}} *[[Liiska xarumaha korontada ee Guinea]] *[[Warshadda Korontada Biyaha ee Kaleta]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist|33em}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/28/chinese-dam-project-in-guinea-could-kill-up-to-1500-chimpanzees Mashruuca Biyo-xireenka Shiinaha ee Guinea wuxuu dili karaa ilaa 1,500 oo Daanyeerka Chimpanzee ah] Ilaa 28 Febraayo 2019. {{Authority control}} nsb08j2m5lra0f6dha9hdohcgsgpo42 0 48077 299670 2026-06-27T07:30:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Warshadda Korontada Biyaha ee Kaleta<br/>{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|凯乐塔水电站}}}} | image = | image_caption = | image_size = | location_map = Guinea | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Goobta ay ku taallo Guinea | coordinates = {{coord|10.4634|-13.2819|type:landmark_region:GN|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Jamhuuriyadda Guinea]] | location = oo ku yaalla [[Webiga Konkoure|Dooxada Webiga Konkoure]] ee galbeedka [[Guinea]]<ref name=Dango2019>{{cite book |last=Dango |first=Abdou Mahaman |date=25 November 2019 |title=A Guide to Sustainable Energy in West Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dMLDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA113 |publisher=[[Cambridge Scholars Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-5275-4399-7 |pages=113–}}</ref> | purpose = Koronto | status = | construction_began = 18 Abriil 2012<ref>{{cite web |date=8 June 2015 |title=The story behind a new Guinean currency |language=zh |website=[[People's Daily]] |url=http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2015/0608/c70731-27117707.html}}</ref> | opening = | demolished = | cost = $527 milyan (kharash lagu qiyaasay)<ref>{{cite web |date=1 May 2012 |title=Document of The World Bank(Report No: 68084-GN) |website=[[World Bank]] |url=http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/216571468033661715/text/680840PJPR0P120Official0Use0Only090.txt}}</ref> | owner = | website = | extra = }} '''Warshadda Korontada Biyaha ee Kaleta''' ({{zh|凯乐塔水电站}}),<ref>{{cite web |date=2019-07-14 |title=利比里亚总统维阿参观凯乐塔水电站和苏阿皮蒂水电站 |language=zh |website=[[Ministry of Commerce (China)|Ministry of Commerce]] |url=http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/i/jyjl/k/201907/20190702881520.shtml}}</ref> oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Kaleta'''<ref name="EberhardGratwick2016">{{cite book |last1=Eberhard |first1=Anton |last2=Gratwick |first2=Katharine |last3=Morella |first3=Elvira |date=18 April 2016 |title=Independent Power Projects in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from Five Key Countries |publisher=[[World Bank Publications]] |isbn=978-1-4648-0801-2 |pages=280– |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=76AeDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA280}}</ref> ama '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Kaléta''',<ref>{{cite book |date=13 October 2016 |title=Africa Yearbook Volume 12: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2015 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-04-33323-9 |pages=101– |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nfc6DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA101}}</ref> waa mashruuc [[biyo]]-xireen ah oo ku yaalla [[Jamhuuriyadda Guinea]],<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-04-06 |title=Nursing home cures arthritis in the right knee of a female worker in Jiangxi province |work=[[CNKI]] |url=https://oversea.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=N2006040069000713&dbcode=CYFD&dbname=CYFD}}</ref> kaas oo ku yaalla [[Webiga Konkoure|Dooxada Webiga Konkoure]] ee galbeedka [[Guinea]],<ref>{{cite web |date=Nov 4, 2014 |title=Chinese capital has not 'large-scale withdrawal' from West Africa |work=[[sina.com.cn|Sina]] |url=http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20141104/020920720594.shtml}}</ref> oo leh [[awood la rakibay]] oo dhan 240 MW.<ref>{{cite web |date=Jun 23, 2015 |title=IFC Advisory Powers Guinea in World Bank Group Effort |website=[[International Finance Corporation]] |url=https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/news_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/news+and+events/news/za_ifc_guinea_power_sector}}</ref> Mashruucan waxaa dhistay shirkadda [[China International Water & Electric Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web |date=April 16, 2020 |title=The Impact of Guinea's Souapiti Dam on Displaced Communities |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2020/04/16/were-leaving-everything-behind/impact-guineas-souapiti-dam-displaced-communities}}</ref> Dhismaha mashruuca ayaa si rasmi ah u bilaabmay 18 Abriil 2012,<ref>{{cite web |date=30 September 2015 |title=The Kaleta Water Conservancy Project in Guinea was officially put into operation |publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2015-09/30/c_1116724653.htm}}</ref> iyadoo kharash lagu qiyaasay $527 milyan.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 21, 2014 |title=Project Appraisal Document - World Bank Document(Report No: PAD904) |website=[[World Bank]] |url=http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/844231468257335375/pdf/PAD9040PAD0P14010Box385222B00OUO090.pdf}}</ref> 28 May 2015, qaybtii ugu horreysay ee xarunta korontada biyaha ayaa si rasmi ah loogu xiray shabakadda si loo dhaliyo koronto.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 29, 2015 |title=The first unit of Guinea's Keleta Hydropower Station contracted by a Chinese company was officially connected to the grid for power generation |publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2015-05/29/c_1115450806.htm}}</ref> 28 Sebtember 2015, xilliga maxalliga ah ee Guinea, warshadda ayaa la dhameeyay waxaana la xusay munaasabad dabbaaldeg ah.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 29, 2015 |title=The largest hydropower station in Guinea was completed |publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2015-10/10/c_128302240.htm}}</ref> Kahor intaan [[Warshadda Korontada Biyaha ee Souapiti]] la qorsheyn in la dhameeyo oo la hawlgeliyo sanadkii 2021,<ref>{{cite web |date=2020-05-19 |title=Guinea's Souapiti Hydropower Station: Resuming work and production to help the local fight against the epidemic |website=[[Ministry of Commerce (China)|Ministry of Commerce]] |url=http://gn.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zxhz/202005/20200502966005.shtml}}</ref> Warshadda Korontada Biyaha ee Kaleta waxay ahayd xarunta ugu weyn korontada biyaha ee Guinea.<ref>{{cite web |date=2017-03-30 |title=A delegation from the African Development Bank visited and inspected the Kaleta Hydropower Station and Suapiti Hydropower Station in Guinea |website=[[Ministry of Commerce (China)|Ministry of Commerce]] |url=http://gn.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201703/20170302543581.shtml}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Koukoutamba]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ee5tcaes9yum3esl83o68mx6qr6ndc7 0 48078 299671 2026-06-27T07:32:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee FE2 | name_official = | image = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Gabon#Africa#World | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Khariidadda Gabon oo muujinaysa goobta ay ku taal Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee FE2 | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|00|42|56|N|11|36|28|E|region:GA_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | location_map_relief = | country = [[Gabon]] | location = [[Mitzic]], [[Degmada Okano]], [[Gobolka Woleu-Ntem]] | purpose = P | status = UC | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = €180 milyan | owner = [[Dowladda Gabon]] | operator = | dam_type = | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Okano]] | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = 3 x 12 MW [[Francis turbine|nuuca Francis]] | plant_capacity = {{convert|36|MW}} | plant_annual_gen = 240 GWh | website = | extra = }} '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee FE2''' waa xarun korontada biyaha oo dhan 36 megawatt oo ku taalla dalka [[Gabon]]. Dhismaha biyo-xireenkan ayaa bilaabmay sanadkii 2010. Sababo la xiriira dhaqaale ku filan oo aan la helin, shaqada ayaa la joojiyay sanadkii 2013. Sanadkii 2018, ka dib markii shaqada ay hakad ku jirtay shan sano, Tebian Electric Apparatus Stock Limited (TBEA), oo ah shirkad Shiineys ah oo [[soo saarta korontada]] (IPP), iyadoo la kaashanaysa Sanduuqa Maalgashiga Istaraatiijiga ah ee Gabon, ayaa muujisay ujeeddadooda ah inay ku maalgeliyaan €180 milyan horumarinta Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee FE2.<ref name="1R">{{cite web|url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-work-on-fe2-hydroelectric-power-plant-construction-site-to-resume/ |title=Gabon: Work on FE2 hydroelectric power plant construction site to resume |work=Afrik21.africa |date=6 September 2018 |author=Boris Ngounou |access-date=2 May 2022 | location=Paris, France}}</ref> Qandaraaska [[injineernimada, iibsashada iyo dhismaha]] (EPC) ayaa waxaa la siiyay [[Gezhouba Group|China Gezhouba Group Company]] (CGGC). Shirkadda qaadanaysa tamarta waa Société d'Énergie et d'Eau du Gabon (SEEG), oo ah shirkadda qaran ee adeegga korontada ee Gabon.<ref name="2R">{{cite web|work=Construction Review Online |date=3 July 2019 | url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/construction-hydroelectric-power-stations-gabon-begin/ |title=Construction of hydroelectric power stations in Gabon to begin |author=Bonface | access-date=2 May 2022 |location=Nairobi, Kenya}}</ref> ==Goobta== Xarunta korontada ayaa ku taalla biyo-dhaca FE2 ee [[Webiga Okano]], koonfur-bari ka xigta magaalada [[Mitzic]], ee [[Degmada Okano]], ee [[Gobolka Woleu-Ntem]], ee waqooyiga Gabon.<ref name="3R">{{cite web| work=Gauff.net | url=https://www.gauff.net/en/referenzen/gabon/fe2.html | date=1 November 2014 |title="FE2" hydroelectric power plant in Gabon: Technical Assistance for the energy ministry on an EPC contract for the construction of the "FE2" hydroelectric power plant in Gabon |author=Gauff Engineering |access-date=2 May 2022 | location=Nuremberg, Germany}}</ref> Mitzic waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii {{convert|112|km|0}} koonfur ka xigta magaalada [[Oyem]], oo ah xarunta gobolka.<ref name="4R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Mitzic,+Gabon/Oyem,+Gabon/@1.048469,11.2868846,8.71z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x108110ee09959449:0x63e073a3c707e1b4!2m2!1d11.5503832!2d0.782292!1m5!1m1!1s0x1086ee57dfdb872b:0xd8ce1361d3e0127!2m2!1d11.5759672!2d1.5991751!3e0|title=Road Distance Between Mitzic, Gabon And Oyem, Gabon | access-date=2 May 2022}}</ref> Tani waa qiyaastii {{convert|323|km|0}} oo waddada loo maro waqooyi-bari ka xigta [[Libreville]], oo ah magaalada ugu weyn iyo caasimadda Gabon.<ref name="5R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Mitzic,+Gabon/Libreville,+Gabon/@0.8225819,11.2909135,7.75z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x108110ee09959449:0x63e073a3c707e1b4!2m2!1d11.5503832!2d0.782292!1m5!1m1!1s0x107f3b8a5438f3ed:0x7bc2e2f27cd22bc2!2m2!1d9.4672676!2d0.4161976!3e0 |title=Road Distance Between Mitzic, Gabon And Libreville, Gabon |access-date=2 May 2022}}</ref> ==Dulmar== Naqshadda xarunta korontadu waxay ku baaqaysaa xarun [[run-of-the-river]] ah oo leh [[xadhig biyo]] oo dhan {{convert|88|m|0}}. Saddex marawaxadood oo toosan oo [[nuuca Francis]] ah, oo mid kastaa lagu qiimeeyay 12 MW, ayaa bixin doona awood dhan 36 megawatts. Horumarinta kale ee la xiriirta kaabayaasha waxaa ka mid ah xarun koronto oo cusub, xariiqda gudbinta ee ka saaridda, xero shaqaale iyo waddooyin laga galo goobta.<ref name="3R"/> Waxaa la filayaa in cidda qaadanaysa tamarta halkan laga dhaliyo ay noqoto shirkadda qaran ee adeegga korontada ee [[parastatal]], SEEG. Korontada waxaa loogu talagalay in loo qaybiyo magaalada [[Libreville]], caasimadda qaranka, [[Ndjolé]], ee [[Degmada Abanga-Bigne]] ee [[Gobolka Moyen-Ogooué]] iyo gobolka Woleu-Ntem.<ref name="1R"/> ==Horumarkii ugu dambeeyay== Ilaa Diseembar 2020, dowladda Gabon ayaa weli raadinaysay dhaqaale ay ku dhameyso dhismaha Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee FE2, taas oo wax soo saarkeeda tamarta sanadlaha ah lagu xisaabiyay 240 GWh sanadkiiba.<ref name="XXR">{{cite web|url=https://www.esi-africa.com/industry-sectors/generation/tackling-gabons-future-energy-needs-scientifically/ |title=Tackling Gabon's future energy needs scientifically |work=ESI-Africa |date=19 December 2020 | author=Aristide Ngari* |access-date=2 May 2022 | place=Cape Town, South Africa}}</ref> Aristide Ngari waa Agaasimaha Guud, Wasaaradda Tamarta, Dowladda Gabon. ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{stack|{{Portal|Afrika|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}}}} *[[Liiska xarumaha korontada ee Gabon]] *[[Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Kinguélé Aval]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist|33em}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://www.africa-energy.com/article/gabon-fe2-hydro-scheme-resumes-construction Gabon: Mashruuca biyaha ee FE2 ayaa dib u bilaabay dhismihii] Ilaa 13 Maajo 2016]. {{Authority control}} kaxqnkgnffqtsa0r7gmiiyqwnk66nip 0 48079 299672 2026-06-27T07:35:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Ngoulmendjim | image = | image_caption = | name_official = | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Komo]] | location = Ngoulmendjim, [[Gobolka Estuaire]], [[Gabon]] | dam_type = [[Biyo-xireenka cufisjiidadka]] | dam_length = | dam_height = | dam_width_base = | dam_width_crest = | dam_volume = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | construction_began = 2023 (la filayo) | opening = 2028 (la filayo) | cost = €300 milyan | owner = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_depth = | plant_operator = | plant_turbines = [[Pelton wheel|Pelton]]: 3 x 27.35 MW | plant_capacity = {{convert|82|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_annual_gen = ~500 GWh | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | location_map = Gabon#Africa#World | location_map_caption = Goobta uu ku yaallo Biyo-xireenka Ngoulmendjim <br/>'''Meesha khariidadda ku taal waa qiyaas''' | location_map_relief = | location_map_size = | coordinates = {{coord|00|10|49|N|10|08|53|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | website = | extra = }} '''Xarunta Korontada ee Ngoulmendjim''' waa xarun korontada biyaha oo la qorsheeyay oo ka gudubta [[Webiga Komo]] ee dalka [[Gabon]]. Xarunta korontada ayaa waxaa horumarinaya [[urur]] ka kooban shirkadda Faransiiska ee [[Eranove|Eranove Group]] iyo Sanduuqa Gabon ee Maalgashiga Istaraatiijiga ah (FGIS). Laga bilaabo Nofeembar 2021, horumarintu waxay ku jirtay "wajiga abaabulka maaliyadeed".<ref name="1R">{{cite web| url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-eranove-and-fgis-to-raise-e300-million-for-the-ngoulmendjim-hydropower-project/ | title=Gabon: Eranove and FGIS to raise €300 million for the Ngoulmendjim hydropower project |work=Afrik21.africa |date=26 November 2021 |author=Jean Marie Takouleu |access-date=28 November 2021 |location=Paris, France}}</ref> ==Goobta== Xarunta korontada ayaa ku taalla Webiga Komo, ee [[Gobolka Estuaire]], qiyaastii {{convert|125|km|0}} koonfur-bari ka xigta caasimadda [[Libreville]].<ref name="1R"/> ==Dulmar== Libreville, oo ah caasimadda dalka Gabon, waxaa ku nool qiyaastii kala bar dadka dalka. Sannadkii 2018, 15-20 megawatts oo awood koronto oo cusub ah ayaa looga baahnaa sanadkii si loola socdo baahida cusub ee Libreville oo keliya. Ngoulmendjim HPP waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu xalliyo baahidan.<ref name="2R">{{cite web |date=8 October 2018 | url=https://www.hydropower-dams.com/news/epc-contractor-sought-for-ngoulmendjim-storage-project-gabon/ |work=The International Journal On Hydropower & Dams |title=EPC contractor sought for Ngoulmendjim storage project, Gabon |author=Hydropower & Dams | access-date=28 November 2021 |location=Wallington, Surrey, United Kingdom}}</ref> Biyo-xireenku wuxuu yeelan doonaa ballac dhan {{convert|635|m|ft}} oo leh joogga ugu badan oo dhan {{convert|38.5|m|0}}. Tani waxay samayn doontaa kayd biyo ah oo leh aag dusha sare ah oo ka badan {{convert|30|km2|acre}}. Saddex marawaxadood oo [[Pelton wheel|Pelton]] ah ayaa la rakibi doonaa waxaana la filayaa inay dhaliyaan 82 megawatts oo koronto ah. Tamarta waxaa laga soo gudbin doonaa xarunta korontada iyada oo loo marayo xarig cusub oo koronto oo 225kV ah, oo dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|135|km|0}}, ilaa meel ay korontadu ka geli doonto shabakadda qaranka. [[Heshiis iibsashada korontada]] oo 30-sano ah ayaa u dhexeeya [[Dowladda Gabon]] iyo horumariyeyaasha xarunta korontada.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/> ==Lahaanshaha== Horumariyeyaasha xarunta korontadan, ayaa sameeyay shirkad ujeedo gaar ah u leh oo la yiraahdo Asokh Energy, taas oo iska leh, naqshadayn doonta, horumarin doonta, hawlgelin doonta oo dayactiri doonta HPP-kan. Shaxda hoose waxay muujinaysaa saamiga Asokh Energy.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ '''Saamiga Asokh Energy''' ! style="width:2em;"|Darajo !!Magaca milkiilaha!!Boqolkiiba lahaanshaha |- |1||[[Eranove|Eranove Group]]|| 60.0<ref name="1R"/> |- |2|| Gabon Power Company || 40.0<ref name="1R"/> |- | ||'''Wadarta'''||'''100.0''' |- |} Fiiro gaar ah: Gabon Power Company (GPC) waa shirkad hoosaad ka tirsan Sanduuqa Gabon ee Maalgashiga Istaraatiijiga ah (FGIS).<ref name="1R"/> ==Kharashka dhismaha== Miisaaniyadda dhismaha ayaa la sheegay inay tahay €300 milyan. Horumariyaha/milkiilayaasha ayaa doortay [[Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika]] inuu noqdo hoggaamiyaha diyaariya [[amaahda la wadaago]]. Guriga maaliyadeed ee Ingiriiska ee [[Standard Chartered Bank]] ayaa loo doortay inuu qaabeeyo amaahda.<ref name="1R"/> ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Liiska xarumaha korontada ee Gabon]] * [[Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Dibwangui]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{stack|{{Portal|Afrika|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}}}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Ngoulmendjim}} 6mqlxw402e7hry1fqo52o0g0ziktli8 0 48080 299673 2026-06-27T07:37:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Dibwangui | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Gabon#Africa#World | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Khariidadda Gabon oo muujinaysa goobta ay ku taal Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Dibwangui. | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|02|13|08|S|11|33|42|E|region:GA_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | location_map_relief = | country = [[Gabon]] | location = Tuulada Mandji, [[Gobolka Ngounié]] | purpose = P | status = P | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = | owner = [[Eranove]] | operator = ''Louetsi Energy'' | dam_type = | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Louetsié]] | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = 21 Maarso 2019 | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = 3 x 5.1 MW [[Kaplan turbine|Kaplan]] | plant_capacity = {{convert|15|MW}} | plant_annual_gen = 90 GWh | website = | extra = }} '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Dibwangui''' waa xarun korontada biyaha oo la qorsheeyay oo dhan 15 megawatt oo ku taalla dalka [[Gabon]]. Xarunta korontada ayaa waxaa horumarinaya urur ka kooban (a) [[Eranove]], oo ah shirkad Faransiis ah oo [[soo saarta korontada]] (IPP) iyo (b) Sanduuqa Maalgashiga Istaraatiijiga ah ee Gabon (FGIS), oo ah shirkad [[parastatal]] oo ay dowladdu leedahay. [[Heshiis iibsashada korontada]] (PPA) oo wakhti dheer ah ayaa waxaa saxiixay mas'uuliyiinta Gabon iyo ''Louetsi Energy'', oo ah shirkad ujeedo gaar ah u leh (SPV) oo iska leh xaruntan korontada dhisaysa.<ref name="1R">{{cite web| url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-afdb-finances-construction-of-two-hydroelectric-power-plants/ |title=Gabon: AfDB finances construction of two hydroelectric power plants | date=10 January 2019 |author=Luchelle Feukeng |access-date=11 May 2022}}</ref> ==Goobta== Xarunta korontada ayaa ku taalla Webiga Louetsié, oo ku yaalla tuulada Mandji, ee [[Gobolka Ngounié]], ee koonfur-galbeed ee Gabon. Biyo-xireenka iyo xarunta korontada ayaa ku yaalla qiyaastii {{convert|550|km|0}} oo waddada loo maro, koonfur-bari ka xigta [[Libreville]], oo ah caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn ee dalka.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R">{{cite web|url=https://born2invest.com/articles/the-sustainability-of-the-dibwangui-hydroelectric-power-plant-project-was-certified/ |title=The sustainability of the Dibwangui hydroelectric power plant project was certified |date=26 August 2020 |work=Born2Invest.com |access-date=11 May 2022 | author=Anthony Donaghue |location=London, United Kingdom}}</ref> ==Dulmar== Naqshaddu waxay ku baaqaysaa biyo-xireen laamiga dhagaxa ah oo leh [[xadhig biyo]] oo dhan {{convert|23.7|m|ft}}. Saddex marawaxadood oo [[Kaplan turbine|Kaplan]] ah, oo mid kastaa lagu qiimeeyay 5.1 MW ayaa la rakibi doonaa. Qiyaas dhan {{convert|25|m3|liter}} oo socodka biyaha ah ilbidhiqsi kasta ayaa lagu ilaalin doonaa marawaxad kasta. Shaqada waxaa ka mid ah dhismaha xarun koronto oo dibadda ah oo ku taalla xarunta korontada. Xarigo cusub oo koronto oo hawada sare ah ayaa korontada ka soo saari doona Dibwangui ilaa Bongolo. Xarunta korontada ee Bongolo ayaa la ballaarin doonaa lana qaabayn doonaa si ay u qaabisho tamarta soo galaysa.<ref name="3R">{{cite web|url=https://www.setec.fr/en/uncategorized/amenagement-hydroelectrique-de-dibwangui |title=Dibwangui hydroelectric development project: Overview |date=2018 |work=Setec France | access-date=11 May 2022 |author=Setec France |place=Paris, France}}</ref> ==Lahaanshaha== Ururka iska leh xarunta korontada ee dhisaya, ayaa sameeyay shirkad ujeedo gaar ah u leh oo la yiraahdo '''Louetsi Energy''', si ay u yeelato, u naqshadayso, u maalgeliso, u horumariso, u dhisto, u hawlgeliso oo u dayactirto kaabayaasha tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo. Shaxda hoose waxay muujinaysaa saamiga shirkadda ujeeddada gaarka ah.<ref name="2R"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 0.5em auto" |+ Saamiga ''Louetsi Energy'' ! Darajo !! Saamilayda !!Hoyga !! Boqolkiiba !! Fiiro gaar ah |- | 1 || [[Eranove|Eranove Group]] ||[[Faransiiska]] || ||<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/> |- | 2 || Sanduuqa Maalgashiga Istaraatiijiga ah ee Gabon (FGIS) ||[[Gabon]] || ||<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/> |- | || '''Wadarta''' || || '''100.0''' || |- |} ==Tixgelinno kale== Daraasad la sameeyay si loo go'aamiyo waaritaanka xaruntan korontada ayaa qiimeysay xarunta korontada ee la soo jeediyay iyadoo loo marayo "kow iyo toban shuruudood oo waxqabadka deegaanka, bulshada iyo maamulka (ESG)". Warbixin la soo saaray sanadkii 2020, xarunta korontada ayaa "gaartay dhaqan wanaagsan oo caalami ah qiimeynta ESG" waxaana "lagu qiimeeyay tusaale ahaan dhaqanka wanaagsan ee caalamiga ah ee naqshadeynta iyo qorsheynta waaritaanka".<ref name="4R">{{cite web| work=Hydropower.Org | url=https://www.hydropower.org/news/gabons-dibwangui-project-achieves-global-good-practice-in-esg-assessment |title=Gabon's Dibwangui project achieves global good practice in ESG assessment |date=25 August 2020 |author=International Hydropower Association |access-date=11 May 2022 |location=London, United Kingdom}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{stack|{{Portal|Afrika|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}}}} *[[Liiska xarumaha korontada ee Gabon]] *[[Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Ngoulmendjim]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist|33em}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://www.eranove.com/en/africa/louetsi-energy/ Ku saabsan Louetsi Energy] {{Authority control}} 10xenjkf44j57e07od3td0noq5g3ldv 0 48081 299674 2026-06-27T07:40:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Genale Dawa III | image = | image_caption = | name_official = | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Ganale Doria]] | location = | dam_type = [[Biyo-xireenka cufisjiidadka]] | dam_length = 110 | dam_height = | dam_width_base = | dam_width_crest = 456 | dam_volume = 3.22 milyan | spillway_type = CFRD | spillway_capacity = 1,880 m3/ilbiriqsi | construction_began = Maarso 2011 | opening = 2020 | cost = £352.7 milyan ($451 milyan) | owner = [[Ethiopian Electric Power]] | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_depth = | plant_operator = | plant_turbines = 3 x 84.7 MW | plant_capacity = {{convert|254|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_annual_gen = | plant_commission = Febraayo 2020 | plant_decommission = | location_map = Ethiopia#Africa#World | location_map_caption = Goobta Xarunta Korontada ee Genale Dawa III <br/>'''Meesha khariidadda ku taal waa qiyaas''' | location_map_relief = | location_map_size = | coordinates = {{coord|05|30|36.5|N|39|43|05|E|type:landmark|display=inline, title}} | website = | extra = | country = Itoobiya | purpose = Qayb ka mid ah qorshaha Itoobiya ee helitaanka korontada caalamiga ah ee sanadka 2025 }} '''Xarunta Korontada ee Genale Dawa III''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Xarunta Korontada GD-3''', waa xarun korontada biyaha oo ka gudubta [[Webiga Ganale Doria]] ee dalka [[Itoobiya]]. Dhismaha ayaa bilaabmay qiyaastii Maarso 2011, xarunta korontadana si ganacsi ah ayaa loo hawlgeliyay Febraayo 2020. Horumarinta kaabayaasha tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo waxaa iska leh [[dowladda Itoobiya]] waxaana dhistay [[China Gezhouba Group]], oo ah shirkad hoosaad ka tirsan [[China Energy Engineering Corporation]] iyadoo ku kacaysa kharash lagu qiyaasay £352.7 milyan ($451 milyan), oo ay iska kaashadeen [[Exim Bank of China]] iyo Dowladda Itoobiya.<ref name="1R">{{cite web| work=NSEnergybusiness.com |date=Febraayo 2020 |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/genale-dawa-iii-multipurpose-hydropower-project/ |title=Genale–Dawa III Multipurpose Hydropower Project |author=NS Energy |access-date=27 Ogosto 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| work=Power Magazine Online | url=https://www.powermag.com/award-winning-hydropower-project-helps-electrify-ethiopia/ |title=Award-Winning Hydropower Project Helps Electrify Ethiopia |date=1 Sebtember 2020 |author=Aaron Larson |access-date=27 Ogosto 2021 |location=Houston, Texas, United States}}</ref> ==Goobta== Xarunta korontadu waxay ku taallaa Webiga Ganale Doria, oo ku teedsan xadka ''Degmada Kobadi'' iyo ''[[Meda Welabu|Degmada Meda Welabu]]'', ee [[Zone-ka Bale]] ee [[Gobolka Oromia]] ee Itoobiya. Tani waa qiyaastii {{convert|610|km|0}} oo waddada loo maro, koonfur-bari ka xigta [[Addis Ababa]], magaalada ugu weyn iyo caasimadda Itoobiya.<ref name="3R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Addis+Ababa,+Ethiopia/Kersa+Dek,+Ethiopia/@6.2445427,38.5204156,7z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x164b85cef5ab402d:0x8467b6b037a24d49!2m2!1d38.7577605!2d8.9806034!1m5!1m1!1s0x17b898c204a7bf1b:0xc5c101bc06981cb6!2m2!1d39.6853543!2d5.2847427!3e0 |title=Road Distance Between Addis Ababa, Ethiopia And Kersa Dek, Ethiopia, With Interactive Map | access-date=27 Ogosto 2021}}</ref> Isku-duwayaasha juqraafiyeed ee Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Genale–Dawa 3 waa 05°30'36.5"N, 39°43'05.0"E (Latitude:5.510139; Longitude:39.718056).<ref name="4R">{{google maps | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/5%C2%B030'36.5%22N+39%C2%B043'05.0%22E/@5.5080053,39.7130378,875m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d5.5101389!4d39.7180556 |title=Location of Genale–Dawa III Hydroelectric Power Station, Near Ciubbe, Ethiopia | access-date=27 Ogosto 2021}}</ref> ==Dulmar== Biyo-xireenku waa "biyo-xireen dhagax ah oo leh dahaar shub ah". Kaydka biyuhu wuxuu cabbiraa {{convert|110|m|0}} oo joog ah waana {{convert|456|m|0}} oo dherer ah. Kaydka biyo-xireenka wuxuu leeyahay awood lagu hayo {{convert|3200000|m3|0}} oo biyo ah. Xarunta korontada ee dhulka hoostiisa ah waxay leedahay saddex [[marawaxadaha Francis]], mid kastaa lagu qiimeeyay 84.7 megawatts, iyadoo korontada u gudbinaysa xarun koronto oo dhulka dushiisa ah.<ref name="5R">{{cite web|url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/ethiopia-cggc-to-commission-genale-dawa-iii-dam/ |title=Ethiopia: CGGC to commission Genale Dawa III Dam |work=Afrik21.africa |date=6 Maajo 2021 |author=Jean Marie Takouleu |access-date=27 Ogosto 2021 | location=Paris, France}}</ref> Xarunta korontada, laba xariiq oo koronto oo kor-u-qaadis ah (mid 400kV ah iyo mid kale 230kV ah), ayaa tamarta u wareejiya wadarta {{convert|295|km|0}} ilaa xarun koronto oo ay leedahay [[Ethiopian Electric Power]], halkaas oo tamarta lagu daro shabakadda qaranka.<ref name="1R"/> ==Lahaanshaha== Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Genale–Dawa III waxaa gebi ahaanba iska leh oo maamula Dowladda Itoobiya.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="5R"/> ==Kharashka dhismaha iyo maalgelinta== Miisaaniyadda dhismaha waxaa lagu sheegay £352.7 milyan (US$451 milyan). Shaxda hoose waxay qeexaysaa ilaha maalgelinta ee dhismaha biyo-xireenka iyo xarunta korontada, oo ay ku jiraan kaabayaasha la xiriira.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="5R"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 0.5em auto" |+ Ilaha Maalgelinta ee Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Genale Dawa III ! Darajo !! Maalgeliyaha !! Tabarrucaad gudaha Pound-ka Ingiriiska !! Boqolkiiba !! Fiiro gaar ah |- | 1 || [[Exim Bank of China]] || 254.85 milyan || 72.26 || Amaah<ref name="1R"/> |- | 2 || Dowladda Itoobiya || 53.00 milyan || 15.03 || Maalgelinta Sinnaanta<ref name="1R"/> |- | 3 || Kuwo kale || 44.83 milyan || 12.71 || Amaah<ref name="1R"/> |- | || '''Wadarta''' || '''352.7 milyan''' || '''100.00''' || |- |} * Fiiro gaar ah: Wadarta guud ayaa xoogaa ka duwan sababtoo ah wareegga. ==Tixgelinno kale== Biyo-xireenka GD-3 waa biyo-xireen ujeedooyin badan leh. Marka laga reebo dhalinta korontada, kaydka biyo-xireenku wuxuu u adeegaa sidii xarun kaydinta biyaha oo la isticmaalo inta lagu jiro [[yaraanta biyaha]]. Intaa waxaa dheer, biyaha waxaa loo isticmaali doonaa waraabinta qiyaastii {{convert|15000|ha|mi2}}, oo qayb ka ah ''Mashruuca Horumarinta Waraabka Genale ee Hoose''.<ref name="1R"/> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{stack|{{Portal|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}}}} * [[Liiska xarumaha korontada ee Itoobiya]] * [[Biyo-xireenka Renaissance ee Itoobiya]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://www.stantec.com/en/projects/united-states-projects/g/genale-dawa-3-gd-3-hydropower-project Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Genale-Dawa 3] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Genale Dawa III}} h559v6apllcx7c9i76btqu6ubjasj72 0 48082 299675 2026-06-27T07:42:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox power station |name = Xarunta Korontada ee Gilgel Gibe II |image = |image_caption = |country = [[Itoobiya]] |location = {{Convert|80|km|mi|abbr=on}} bariga [[Jimma]], [[Gobolka Oromia]] |coordinates = {{coord|7|45|25|N|37|33|44|E|type:landmark_region:ET|display=inline,title}} |owner = [[Ethiopian Electric Power]] |status = O |th_fuel_primary = |th_technology = [[Biyo-xireen]] |th_combined_cycle = |ps_units_operational = 4 x [[Pelton turbine|nuuca Pelton]] |ps_electrical_capacity = 420 [[megawatt|MW]] |ps_annual_generation = 1635 [[GWh]] lagu qiyaasay |commissioned = {{Start date and age|2010|01|14|br=y}} |decommissioned = }} '''Xarunta Korontada ee Gilgel Gibe II''' waa [[biyo-xireen]] [[xarun koronto]] oo ku taalla [[Webiga Omo (Itoobiya)|Webiga Omo]] ee dalka [[Itoobiya]]. Waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii {{Convert|80|km|mi|abbr=on}} bariga [[Jimma]] ee [[Gobolka Oromia]]. Xarunta korontadu waxay biyaha ka heshaa marin-biyood laga galo {{coord|7|55|27|N|37|23|16|E|name=Gilgel Gibe II Power Station headrace tunnel entrance}} oo ku yaalla [[Webiga Gilgel Gibe]]. Waxay leedahay awood la rakibay oo dhan 420 MW waxaana la daah-furay 14 Janaayo 2010. Ku dhawaad laba toddobaad ka dib daah-furka, qayb ka mid ah marin-biyoodka ayaa dumay, taas oo keentay in xaruntu ay shaqada joojiso. Dayactirka ayaa la dhammaystiray 26 Diseembar 2010. ==Naqshadeynta== Gilgel Gibe II waxay ka kooban tahay xarun koronto oo ku taalla Webiga Omo taas oo lagu quudiyo biyo ka yimaada marin-biyood iyo [[albaabka biyo-xireenka]] oo ku yaalla Webiga Gilgel Gibe. Marin-biyoodku wuxuu socdaa {{Convert|26|km|mi|abbr=on}} oo ku hoos yaalla Buurta Fofa, dhamaadkiisana, wuxuu u beddelaa [[tuubo-biyood]] (penstock) leh hoos-u-dhac dhan {{Convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name="italy"/> Marka biyuhu gaaraan xarunta korontada, waxay quudiyaan afar [[marawaxadaha Pelton]] oo hawlgeliya afar 107 MW [[Koronto-dhaliye|koronto-dhaliye]]. Marawaxad kastaa waa {{Convert|3.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} dhexroor ahaan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://geosci.uchicago.edu/~moyer/GEOS24705/Assignments/EthiopiaPeltons.pdf|title=Naqshadeynta marawaxadda Pelton ee Gilgel Gibe II|publisher=Voith Siemens|accessdate=27 Sebtember 2010}}</ref> ==Dhismaha== Dhismaha xarunta korontadu wuxuu bilaabmay 19 Maarso 2005, iyadoo [[Salini Impregilo|Salini Costruttori]] uu yahay qandaraaslaha ugu weyn.<ref name="italy">{{cite web |title=Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Gilgel-Gibe II |url=http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&page_name=70 |publisher=Iskaashiga Horumarinta Talyaaniga |accessdate=27 Sebtember 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320035525/http://www.itacaddis.org/italy/index.cfm?fuseaction=basic_pages.basic_page&page_name=70 |archivedate=20 Maarso 2011 }}</ref> Xarunta korontada ayaa asal ahaan lagu waday in la dhammaystiro dabayaaqadii 2007 laakiin waa dib u dhacday sababo la xiriira dhibaatooyin injineernimo intii lagu jiray dhismaha. Maarso 2005, qandaraaska lagu qodayo marin-biyoodka ayaa la siiyay [[SELI]] iyo Oktoobar 2006, [[mashiinka qodista marin-biyoodka]] (TBM) ayaa ku dhuftay khalad, taas oo dib u dhigtay mashruuca. 9 Juun 2009, labadii TBM ayaa isku kulmay marin-biyoodkiina wuxuu diyaar u ahaa tijaabada biyaha bishii Sebtember ee sanadkaas. Marin-biyoodka waxaa "loo arkaa mid ka mid ah mashaariicda marin-biyood ee ugu adag ee weligood la sameeyo, sababo la xiriira xaaladaha dhulka oo aad u adag, iyo meelaha qaarkood, si gaar ah u xun."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tunneltalk.com/Gilgel-Gibe-II-Feb10-collapse.php|title=Dumista marin-biyoodka ka dib daah-furka weyn|publisher=Tunnel Talk|accessdate=27 Sebtember 2010|date=Febraayo 2010|archive-date=20 Sebtember 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920061557/http://tunneltalk.com/Gilgel-Gibe-II-Feb10-collapse.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Xarunta korontada ayaa la daah-furay 14 Janaayo 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gadaa.com/oduu/?p=2416|title=Itoobiya: Miyaa ku degdegga dhammaystirka Gilgel Gibe II ee doorashada ay keentay dumisteeda?|publisher=Gadaa|accessdate=27 Sebtember 2010|date=Febraayo 15, 2010|archive-date=3 Febraayo 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203114653/http://gadaa.com/oduu/?p=2416|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Dumistii marin-biyoodka iyo dayactirkii=== Qiyaastii toban maalmood ka dib markii mashruuca la dhammaystiray, qiyaastii {{Convert|15|m|ft|abbr=on}} oo ka mid ah {{Convert|26|km|mi|abbr=on}} marin-biyoodka ayaa dumay. Dumista waxaa loo aanayn karaa guuldarro dhismeed oo ay keentay dhismaha degdegga ah iyo la'aanta daraasado habboon.<ref name="Rivers">International Rivers: [http://www.internationalrivers.org/en/node/5058 Biyo-xireenka Itoobiya oo la kulmay marin-biyood duma maalmo ka dib daah-furka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227115046/http://www.internationalrivers.org/en/node/5058 |date=2010-12-27 }} La daabacay 5 Febraayo 2010. Laga helay 13 Juun 2010.</ref> Bayaanka rasmiga ah ee shirkadda dhismaha ee Salini Costruttori, oo la sii daayay laba toddobaad ka dib daah-furka rasmiga ah ayaa ahaa in "dhacdo juqraafiyeed aan la filaynin ay keentay 'god' iyo dhagax weyn oo ku dhacay qiyaastii 15m oo ka mid ah 26km marin-biyoodka."<ref>Tunnel Talk [https://www.tunneltalk.com/Gilgel-Gibe-II-Feb10-collapse.php Dumista Marin-biyoodka Ka dib Daah-furka Weyn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920061557/http://tunneltalk.com/Gilgel-Gibe-II-Feb10-collapse.php |date=2012-09-20 }} La daabacay Febraayo 2010. Laga helay 13 Juun 2010.</ref><ref name="oct">{{cite web|title=Itoobiya oo dhoofinaysa koronto loo dirayo Sudan laga bilaabo Oktoobar |url=http://www.ethjournal.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3422:ethiopia-to-export-power-to-sudan-beginning-october-&catid=13:headlines&Itemid=19|publisher=Ethiopian Journal|accessdate=27 Sebtember 2010|date=Sebtember 9, 2010}}</ref> Marin-biyoodka waa la dayactiray xaruntuna waxay hawlgashay mar kale 26 Diseembar 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gilgel Gibe II ayaa dib u bilowday hawlgalka|url=http://ertagov.com/erta/erta-news-archive/38-erta-tv-hot-news-addis-ababa-ethiopia/381-gilgel-gibe-ii-resumes-operation-.html|publisher=ERTA News|accessdate=7 Ogosto 2011|date=28 Diseembar 2010}}</ref> ==Maalgelinta== Sannadkii 2004, Dowladda Itoobiya waxay ka heshay €220 milyan Dowladda Talyaaniga dhismaha. Kharashka guud ee dhismaha waa €373 milyan iyadoo €50 milyan ay bixisay [[Bangiga Maalgashiga Yurub]], iyo €103 milyan ee soo hadhayna ay bixisay Dowladda Itoobiya.<ref name="italy"/> ==Muranka== Maalgelinta xarunta korontadu waxay ahayd mid muran ka taagan yahay gudaha dowladda Talyaaniga. Waxaa la siiyay inkasta oo ay jiraan diidmo ka timid Agaasinka Guud ee Iskaashiga Horumarinta ee Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda iyo Wasaaradda Dhaqaalaha iyo Maaliyadda. Waxay ka doodeen amaahda sababtoo ah qandaraaska waxaa la bixiyay iyada oo aan la tartamin taas oo ka hor imanaysa sharciga Talyaaniga, sababtoo ah cabbirkeeda aadka u weyn ayaa la macno ah in lacag yar ay u hartay mashaariicda kale ee horumarinta, ma jirin wax kharash ah oo lagu qiimaynayo saamaynta deegaanka oo lagu daray kormeerka, mashruucu ma ahayn mid ganacsi ahaan waxtar leh sababtoo ah canshuuraha korontada oo hooseeya ee Itoobiya iyo sababtoo ah ma ahayn mid ku habboon in lagu dhibo dal sabool ah deyn dheeraad ah xilli uu hadda ka helay deyn-dhaaf Talyaaniga. Waxa kale oo jiray su'aalo baarlamaan oo ku saabsan mashruuca kuwaas oo aan laga jawaabin oo uu qabtay Xoghayaha Gobolka ee Arrimaha Dibadda, Luigi Mantica. Maarso 2006 Xafiiska Xeer-ilaaliyaha ee Rome ayaa bilaabay dacwad dambiyeed ku saabsan mashruuca korontada biyaha ee Gilgel Gibe II.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kiiska Gilgel Gibe: Falanqaynta mashaariicda korontada biyaha ee Gilbel Gibe ee Itoobiya |url=http://www.stopgibe3.org/pdf/The%20Gilgel%20Gibe%20Affair.pdf |publisher=CRBM - Campagna per la Riforma della Banca Mondial / CEE Bankwatch Network |accessdate=26 Diseembar 2011 |pages=14–15 |year=2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426072315/http://www.stopgibe3.org/pdf/The%20Gilgel%20Gibe%20Affair.pdf |archivedate=26 Abriil 2012 }}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{Portal|Afrika|Tamarta|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}} * [[Tamarta Itoobiya]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist|33em}} avv7htmorii0qwvk9oukvpir7nqyf9v 0 48083 299677 2026-06-27T07:44:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox power station |name = Xarunta Korontada ee Fincha |image = |image_caption = |location = [[Itoobiya]] |coordinates = {{coord|9.5583|N|37.3660|E|source:wikidata|display=inline,title}} |owner = [[Ethiopian Electric Power]] |status = O |th_fuel_primary = [[Korontada biyaha]] |th_combined_cycle = |ps_electrical_capacity= {{convert|100|MW|abbr=on}} |commissioned = |decommissioned = }} [[File:Fincha_Amerti_Neshe_Hydro_Power_Plant.jpg|thumb|alt=Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Fincha Amerti Neshe|Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Fincha Amerti Neshe]] '''Xarunta Korontada ee Fincha''' waa warshad [[korontada biyaha]] ah oo laga quudiyo [[Harada Chomen]] kuna shubta Webiga Fincha ee dalka [[Itoobiya]] meel u dhow magaalada [[Fincha]] ee galbeedka [[Oromia]]. Waxay leedahay awood koronto-dhalin oo dhan {{convert|100|MW}}, taas oo ah awood koronto oo ku filan in lagu shido in ka badan 66,900 oo guri.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Xarunta Korontada ee Fincha|date=2008-07-25|publisher=www.bioone.org|doi=10.1659/mrd.0811 |s2cid=129184446 |language=|doi-access=free}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{Portal|Afrika|Tamarta|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}} * [[Tamarta Itoobiya]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} s05yuhi2yz9nymnenmfd0eub5bmltzz 0 48084 299680 2026-06-27T07:47:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Sendje | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Equatorial Guinea | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Khariidadda Equatorial Guinea oo muujinaysa goobta Sendje. | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|01|38|52|N|09|49|32|E|region:EG_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | location_map_relief = | country = [[Equatorial Guinea]] | location = Sendje, Mainland | purpose = P | status = UC | construction_began = 2012 | opening = | demolished = | cost = €467 milyan | owner = [[Dowladda Equatorial Guinea]] | operator = | dam_type = | dam_crosses = Webiga Weller | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = 4 x 50 MW | plant_capacity = {{convert|200|MW}} | plant_annual_gen = 1,042 GWh | website = | extra = }} '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Sendje''' waa xarun koronto oo biyaha ku shaqeysa oo dhan {{convert|200|MW}} oo haatan dhismaheeda ka socdo dalka [[Equatorial Guinea]]. Xarunta korontada waxaa horumarinaya [[Dowladda Equatorial Guinea]], iyadoo la adeegsanayo lacago laga soo amaahday [[Bangiga Horumarinta ee Waddamada Bartamaha Afrika]] (BDEAC). Qandaraaslaha ''injineernimada, iibsashada iyo dhismaha'' (EPC) ee mashruucan waa ''Duglas Alliance'', oo ah shirkad caalami ah oo injineernimo iyo dhismo ah oo [[Yukrayn|Yukrayniyaan]] ah.<ref name="1R">{{cite web | work=Construction Review Online | url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/equatorial-guinea-receives-financial-support-for-its-sendje-hydroelectric-power-plant-project/ |title=Equatorial Guinea oo heshay taageero maaliyadeed oo loogu talagalay mashruuca xarunta korontada biyaha ee Sendje | date=14 Ogosto 2021 |author=Patrick Mulyungi |access-date=2 Janaayo 2022 |location=Nairobi, Kenya}}</ref> ==Goobta== Xaruntu waxay ku taallaa tuulada Sendje (Senye), oo ka gudubta ''Webiga Weller'', qiyaastii {{convert|40|km|0}} koonfur-bari ka xigta magaalada [[Bata, Equatorial Guinea|Bata]], ee dhulka weyn ee dalka.<ref name="2R">{{cite web| work=Afrik21.africa |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/equatorial-guinea-bdeac-lends-e122-million-for-sendje-hydropower-plant/ |date=30 Juun 2021 | title=Equatorial Guinea: BDEAC oo amaahisay €122 milyan oo loogu talagalay warshadda korontada biyaha ee Sendje |author=Inès Magoum |access-date=2 Janaayo 2022 | location=Paris, Faransiiska}}</ref> ==Dulmar== Xarunta korontada waxaa loogu talagalay awood wax-soo saar oo ugu badnaan 200 megawatts, taas oo ka imanaysa afar [[Alstom]] turbines, mid kastaa lagu qiimeeyay 50 megawatts. Marka ay si buuxda u shaqeyso, tamarta xarunta korontada waxaa loo qaybin doonaa xarumaha waaweyn ee magaalooyinka ee dhulka weyn, oo ay ku jiraan Bata, [[Mbini]], [[Cogo, Equatorial Guinea|Kogo]], Añisok, [[Mongomo]] iyo [[Ebebiyin]].<ref name="2R"/> Xaruntan korontada oo ay weheliso 120 megawatts ''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Djibloho'', ayaa sameeya "laf-dhabarta" awoodda tamarta korontada biyaha ee dalka.<ref name="3R">{{cite web|url=https://www.hydropower-dams.com/articles/construction-of-the-sendje-hydro-project-in-the-republic-of-equatorial-guinea/ | title=Dhismaha mashruuca biyaha ee Sendje ee Jamhuuriyadda Equatorial Guinea |work=International Journal On Hydropower & Dams |date=2019 |volume=26; Qaybta 2 |author=A. Benner | access-date=2 Janaayo 2021 |location=Wallington, Surrey, Boqortooyada Midowday}}</ref> ==Kharashka dhismaha iyo maalgelinta== Miisaaniyadda dhismaha ayaa la sheegay inay tahay €467 milyan (US$531 milyan). Kharashka waxaa bixisay [[Dowladda Equatorial Guinea]], iyadoo maalgelin qayb ah oo qaab amaah ah oo dhan €122 milyan (US$137 milyan) ay bixisay BDEAC. Dhismaha ayaa bilaabmay 2012 waxaana la filayay inuu dhammaado 2020.<ref name="2R"/> ==Faa'iidooyinka== Marka ay si buuxda u shaqeyso, xaruntan korontadu waxay kordhin doontaa awoodda wax-soo saarka qaranka ilaa 590 megawatts. Waxay ku dari doontaa 1,042 GWh wax soo saarka korontada qaranka, iyadoo ay tahay "tamar nadiif ah oo dib loo cusboonaysiin karo", kordhinta helitaanka korontada shabakadda, dhimista kharashka korontada ee dalka iyo dhiirigelinta koritaanka dhaqaalaha qaranka.<ref name="2R"/> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{stack|{{Portal|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}}}} *[[Liiska xarumaha korontada ee Equatorial Guinea]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist|33em}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{commons category}} * [https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Bingocom,+Equatorial+Guinea/Bata,+Equatorial+Guinea/@1.7893041,9.8519478,11.25z/data=!4m19!4m18!1m10!1m1!1s0x107c4d72c1dedce5:0xe06c9cd26cbdb3a0!2m2!1d9.866667!2d1.633333!3m4!1m2!1d9.8255084!2d1.6526422!3s0x107c52090014df3f:0x52a2ac373433d7b6!1m5!1m1!1s0x107cf975f426f005:0x1fb510ca7f0558c6!2m2!1d9.7790227!2d1.8533177!3e0 Calaamadda Waddada Oo Muujinaysa Bata Iyo Senye Oo Leh Khariidad] {{Authority control}} 2xtn020gatvgwas8hk10rbmkmwvb5px 0 48085 299682 2026-06-27T07:50:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo xireenka Djibloho | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Equatorial Guinea | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|1|34|58.44|N|10|35|38.51|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Equatorial Guinea]] | location = [[Wele-Nzas]] | purpose = Koronto | status = O | construction_began = 2008 | opening = {{Start date and age|2012}} | demolished = | cost = | owner = Sociedad de Electricidad de Guinea Ecuatorial | dam_type = Cufisjiidad (Gravity) | dam_crosses = Webiga Wele | dam_length = {{Convert|274|m|abbr=on}} | dam_height = {{Convert|22|m|abbr=on}} | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = Daad-bax, la xakameeyey | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = 2012 | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = 4 x {{Convert|30|MW|abbr=on}} [[Francis-type]] | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_capacity = {{Convert|120|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Biyo-xireenka Djibloho''' waa [[biyo-xireen cufisjiidad]] ah oo ku yaalla Webiga Wele meel u dhow [[Djibloho]] ee [[Wele-Nzas]], [[Equatorial Guinea]]. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee biyo-xireenku waa dhalinta korontada [[biyo-xireen]] waxaana uu taageeraa xarun koronto oo dhan {{Convert|120|MW}}, taas oo koronto siisa caasimadda [[Ciudad de la Paz]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 Sebtember 2010 |title=Wasiirka Macdanta oo booqday goobta Djibloho |url=http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticia.php?id=864 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802161005/http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticia.php?id=864 |archive-date=2 Ogosto 2019 |website=guineaecuatorialpress.com}}</ref>. Dhismaha mashruuca ayaa bilaabmay 2008 waxaana la daah-furay Oktoobar 2012. Waa xarunta korontada biyaha ugu weyn dalka. Inta badan kharashka mashruuca waxaa maalgelisay dowladda martigelinaysay laakiin lacagaha qaar waxaa bixisay dowladda Shiinaha. [[Sinohydro]] ayaa dhistay biyo-xireenka iyo xarunta korontada.<ref>{{cite web |title=Xarumaha Korontada Biyaha ee Galbeedka Afrika |url=http://www.industcards.com/hydro-africa-w.htm |publisher=IndustCards |accessdate=25 Maarso 2014 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090719000622/http://www.industcards.com/hydro%2Dafrica%2Dw.htm |archive-date=19 July 2009 |url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Equatorial Guinea, Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Djiploho |url=http://eng.sinohydro.com/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=42&id=130 |publisher=Sinohydro |accessdate=25 Maarso 2014 |archive-date=25 Maarso 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325223006/http://eng.sinohydro.com/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=42&id=130 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} {{stack|{{Portal|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}}}} bfvn6qbebm0aq2stny0wryag52aba7f 0 48086 299683 2026-06-27T07:55:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Xarunta Korontada ee Attaqa Mountain ee Kaydinta Biyaha | dam_height_thalweg = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|29|57|51|N|32|15|25|E|type:landmark_region:EG|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Masar]] | res_max_width = | name_official = | dam_length = | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = | builder = | designed_by = | owner = PowerChina | operator = | dam_type = | dam_crosses = | dam_height_foundation = | status = | location = [[Suweys]] | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_length = | spillway_capacity = | spillway_volumetric_flow_rate = | spillway_type2 = | spillway_length2 = | spillway_capacity2 = | spillway_volumetric_flow_rate2 = | spillway_type3 = | spillway_length3 = | spillway_capacity3 = | spillway_volumetric_flow_rate3 = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive = | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | purpose = | res_max_depth = | lower_spillway_length = | lower_res_capacity_active = | lower_dam_type = | lower_dam_crosses = | lower_dam_height_foundation = | lower_dam_height_thalweg = | lower_dam_length = | lower_dam_elevation_crest = | lower_dam_width_crest = | lower_dam_width_base = | lower_dam_volume = | lower_spillway_count = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | lower_res_capacity_inactive = | lower_spillway_volumetric_flow_rate = | lower_spillway_type2 = | lower_spillway_length2 = | lower_spillway_capacity2 = | lower_spillway_volumetric_flow_rate2 = | lower_spillway_type3 = | lower_spillway_length3 = | lower_spillway_capacity3 = | lower_spillway_volumetric_flow_rate3 = | lower_res_name = | lower_res_capacity_total = | lower_spillway_capacity = | lower_spillway_type = | lower_res_catchment = | lower_res_surface = | lower_res_max_length = | lower_res_max_width = | lower_res_max_depth = | lower_res_elevation = | lower_res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = | plant_pumpgenerators = | plant_pumps = | plant_capacity = 2400[[Megawatt|MW]] | plant_capacity_factor = | plant_efficiency = | plant_storage_hours = | plant_annual_gen = | plant_annual_gen_year = | website = | extra = }} '''Xarunta Korontada ee Attaqa Mountain ee Kaydinta Biyaha''' waa warshad korontada [[biyo-xireen]] ah oo socota taas oo hadda la horumarinayo iyada oo qorshaysan in wadarta awoodda ay noqoto 2400 [[MWp]]. Waxay ku taallaa [[Suweys]], [[Masar]] waxaana lagu wadaa in la dhammaystiro sanadka 2024. == Saamaynta dhaqaale == [[Bangiga Exim ee Shiinaha]] ayaa oggolaaday inuu bixiyo $2.6 bilyan oo loogu talagalay mashruuca, heshiiska ku saabsan heerka dulsaarka, muddada dib-u-bixinta deynta iyo muddada nimcada ayaa haatan lagu jiraa gorgortan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Xarunta Korontada ee Attaqa Mountain ee Kaydinta Biyaha, Masar|url=https://www.power-technology.com/projects/attaqa-mountain-pumped-storage-power-plant/|access-date=2021-03-17|website=www.power-technology.com}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://engineeringhistoricalmemory.com/SilkRoad.php?vis=sat&pid=105001&cid=&prac_id=1024 Codsi cilmiyeed is-dhexgal ah] 0vpz4qq6jjl71ezi1fkhnnb601mc85k 0 48087 299684 2026-06-27T07:57:48Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name= Gacanka Benin | native_name = {{native name|fr|Golfe du Bénin}} |native_name_lang= | image= Gulf of Guinea (English).jpg | caption = Khariidadda Gacanka Guinea oo muujinaysa Gacanka Benin. | coords= {{Coord|5.0|N|2.1|E|type:waterbody_scale:2000000|display=inline}} | rivers= [[Webiga Niger|Niger]] | oceans=[[Gacanka Guinea]]<br>[[Badweynta Atlaantik]] | countries= [[Ghana]], [[Togo]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Benin|Benin]], [[Nayjeeriya]] | length = {{convert|300|km|abbr=on}} | width ={{convert|640|km|abbr=on}} |pushpin_map=Africa#Nigeria | area= | islands= | cities= [[Cotonou]] }} '''Gacanka Benin''', ama '''Bay of Benin''', waa [[gacanka (juqraafi)|gacan]] ku yaalla aagga [[Gacanka Guinea]] ee xeebta galbeedka Afrika. ==Juqraafiga== Gacanka Benin waxaa loogu magac daray [[Boqortooyadii Benin]] ee hadda ku taal [[Nayjeeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gacanka Benin {{!}} gacan, Badweynta Atlaantik {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bight-of-Benin|access-date=2022-02-11|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|archive-date=2021-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109094314/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bight-of-Benin|url-status=live}}</ref> (Jamhuuriyadda [[Benin]], oo hore loo odhan jiray Dahomey, magaceeda waxay ka qaadatay gacanka, ee maaha si kale.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 Diseembar 1975 |title=Dahomey Waxay Ku Dhawaaqday In Magaceedu Noqonayo Benin |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/01/archives/dahomey-announces-its-name-will-be-benin.html |access-date=16 Sebtember 2020 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=16 Sebtember 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916200353/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/01/archives/dahomey-announces-its-name-will-be-benin.html |url-status=live }}</ref>) Waxa uu u fidsan yahay xagga bari ilaa qiyaastii {{convert|640|km}} laga bilaabo [[Cape St. Paul]] ilaa marinka Nun ee [[Webiga Niger]]. Xiriirka taariikhiga ah ee [[Ganacsiga Addoonta ee Atlaantikga]] ayaa horseeday in gobolka loo yaqaano [[Xeebta Addoonta ee Galbeedka Afrika]]. Sida gobollo badan oo kale oo ka mid ah [[Afrika]], boqortooyooyin asal ah oo awood leh oo ku teedsan Gacanka Benin ayaa aad ugu tiirsanaa ganacsi addoon oo muddo dheer jiray kaas oo aad u ballaartay ka dib imaatinka awoodaha Yurub waxayna noqotay ganacsi caalami ah oo la socda [[gumaystaha Ameerika]].<ref>Edward Brynn, [http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2008/1012/comm/brynn_slavery.html Addoonsiga sahel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128083323/http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2008/1012/comm/brynn_slavery.html |date=2013-01-28 }}, [[Jaamacadda Waqooyiga Carolina]]</ref> Qiyaasaha laga helay 1640-yadii ayaa soo jeedinaya in Benin (Beneh) ay qaadatay 1200 addoon sanadkii. Xayiraadaha ayaa adkeeyay in mugga addoontu uu kordho ilaa gobollo cusub iyo waddooyin kala duwan ay bilaabeen inay suurtogal ka dhigaan kororka ganacsiga addoonta.<ref>Transformations in Slavery, Lovejoy 1983, Pg. 54 </ref> ==Tixraacyada dhaqanka== [[File:Küste Benin Hafen Cotonou.JPG|thumb|265px|Xeebta Benin iyadoo dekadda Cotonou ay gadaal ka muuqato]] Gacanka Benin wuxuu leeyahay xiriir dheer oo [[addoonsi]] ah, xeebtiisana waxaa loo yaqaanaa [[Xeebta Addoonta ee Galbeedka Afrika]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1807 wixii ka dambeeyay—ka dib markii ganacsiga addoontu uu noqday mid sharci-darro ah oo ay sameeyeen Ingiriisku—Royal Navy waxay abuurtay West Africa Squadron si ay u caburiso una burburiso ganacsiga addoonta. Dadaaladan waxaa la kordhiyay ka dib 1833 markii ganacsiga addoontu uu noqday mid sharci-darro ah guud ahaan Boqortooyada Ingiriiska. Dadaaladan ayaa sii socon doona ilaa 1890-yadii waxayna ku kaceen Ingiriiska lacago aad u badan, Royal Navy-na boqollaal, haddii aysan ahayn kumanaan, oo badmaaxiin ah ayaa noloshooda ku waayay cudurrada kulaylaha. Gabaygii hore ee Royal Navy wuxuu leeyahay: :''Ka digtoonow, ka digtoonow Gacanka Benin, waayo qaar yar ayaa ka soo baxa in kasta oo qaar badani galaan.'' Nooc ka mid ah ayaa leh: :''Ka digtoonow, ka digtoonow Gacanka Benin: mid ayaa ka soo baxa, halka konton ay galeen!'' Tan waxaa la sheegay inay tahay [[heesta addoonsiga]] ama [[heesta badda]] oo ku saabsan khatarta [[duumada]] ee gacanka.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2001/dec/02/scienceandnature.features|title=Bark for the bite|last=McKie|first=Robin|date=2001-12-02|publisher=guardian.co.uk|access-date=2008-10-02|archive-date=2014-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509172359/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2001/dec/02/scienceandnature.features|url-status=live}}</ref> Nuqulkii saddexaad ee labada sadar waa: :''Ka digtoonow oo daryeel Gacanka Benin. Waxaa jira mid ka soo baxa afartan galeysa.''"<ref>{{cite book|last=Fiammetta|first=Rocco|title=The Miraculous Fever-tree: Malaria and the Quest for a Cure that Changed the World|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2003|page=156|isbn=0-06-019951-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WPKzLDEHPR8C&pg=PA156|access-date=2020-08-31|archive-date=2022-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212031406/https://books.google.com/books?id=WPKzLDEHPR8C&pg=PA156|url-status=live}}</ref> Novel-kii [[R. Austin Freeman]] ee 1927 ''A Certain Dr. Thorndyke'', Cutubka II, "The Legatee," waxaa lagu xusay goobtan. Goobtu waa gumeysiga [[Gold Coast (gobolka)]] ee [[Afrika]] halkaas oo dabeecadda Larkom ay ku weydiinayso, "Sidee bay u socotaa heesta badda ee hore? Waad xasuusataa. 'Oh, Gacanka Benin, Gacanka Benin, Mid baa ka soo baxa meel ay saddex galaan.'" Rajada nolosha ayaa gaabanayd goobtan sababo la xiriira baahida [[qandhada Blackwater]]. Qoraaga [[Philip McCutchan]] wuxuu qoray buug cinwaankiisu yahay ''Beware, beware the Bight of Benin''. [[Sheeko gaaban]] oo ay qortay [[Elizabeth Coatsworth]], "The Forgotten Island" (1942), waxay ka hadlaysaa khasnad ka timid Benin. Nooc ka mid ah heesta ayaa sidoo kale la xusay.<ref>{{cite book | last = Hitchcock | first = Alfred | title = Alfred Hitchcock's Haunted Houseful | publisher = Random House | location = New York | year = 1961 | isbn = 0-394-81224-7 | page = 83}}</ref> [[Flash For Freedom!]], [[George MacDonald Fraser|George MacDonald Fraser]] 1971 [[novel-ka picaresque]] ee Harry Flashman ee masiibooyinka—meelo kale iyo xaalado kale—guri Ingiriis ah oo qurux badan, ganacsiga addoonta ee 1840-yadii, nolosha beeraha ee antebellum, iyo kulan uu la yeeshay markaas xildhibaan [[Abraham Lincoln]], wuxuu soo xigtay nooc kale oo ka mid ah labada sadar: ''Oh, badmaaxow ka digtoonow Gacanka Benin.'' ''Waxaa jira mid ka soo baxa boqol gala.'' Novel-kii [[Patrick O'Brian]] ''[[The Commodore (O'Brian novel)|The Commodore]]'' (1996), Dr. Maturin wuxuu akhrinayaa gabayga markuu ogaado halka uu maraakiibtiisu u socoto. Commodore Aubrey wuu hubiyaa, isagoo u sheegaya in ay tahay nasiib xumo in sidaas kor loogu sheego jidka. Gabayga sidoo kale waxaa qayb ahaan lagu xigtay cutubka ''Context(6)'' ee [[John Brunner (novelist)|John Brunner]] 1968 novel-kiisa ''[[Stand on Zanzibar]]''. Gacanka Benin (sidoo kale jamhuuriyadda khayaaliga ah ee Beninia) ayaa lagu xusay novel-ka oo dhan. David Bramhall silsiladdiisa novel-ka "The Greatest Cape" ayaa sidoo kale xusaya gabayga, mid ka mid ah dabeecadaha mugga koowaad, ''The Black Joke'', oo ahaa budhcad-badeed iyo addoon-iibiye. 2007, ururin sheekooyin gaagaaban oo cinwaankeedu yahay '''Gacanka Benin: Sheeko Gaaban''' oo uu qoray Kelly J. Morris ayaa waxaa daabacay AtacoraPress.com. Sheekooyinka waxaa lagu dejiyay [[Ghana]], [[Togo]], [[Benin]] iyo [[Nayjeeriya]]. ==Taariikhda== 1 Febraayo 1852, Ingiriisku wuxuu aasaasay [[ilaalinta]] Ingiriiska ee Gacanka Benin, iyadoo hoos timaada awoodda [[Consul (wakiil)|Consul]]s ee Gacanka Benin: jamhuuriyadda Benin iyo Gacanka Benin waxaa loogu magac daray [[Boqortooyadii Benin]] oo u fidsan xagga bari laga bilaabo Cape St. Paul ilaa marinka Nun ee Webiga Niger. {| class="wikitable" align="center" !Muddada !!Ilaalinta |- align="center" |Maajo 1852 – 1853 ||Louis Fraser |- align="center" |1853 – Abriil 1859 ||Benjamin Campbell |- align="center" |Abriil 1859 – 1860 ||George Brand |- align="center" |1860 – Janaayo 1861 ||Henry Hand |- align="center" |Janaayo 1861 – Maajo 1861 ||Henry Grant Foote |- align="center" |Maajo 1861 – 6 Ogosto 1861 ||William McCoskry (ku-simaha) |} 6 Ogosto 1861, [[Ilaalinta Gacanka Biafra]] iyo ilaalinta Gacanka Benin ayaa lagu biiriyay ilaalinta Ingiriiska ee midaysan, ugu dambayntiina waxaa lagu biiriyay Nayjeeriya. ==Tixraacyo iyo ilo== ;Tixraacyo {{Reflist}} ;Ilo * [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria.htm#Southern-Nigeria WorldStatesmen- Southern Nigeria] {{Authority control}} sikndd3im4yfpegjp4wwf1ipw92ry70 0 48088 299685 2026-06-27T08:01:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299685 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nile Barrage (1906) - TIMEA.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Biyo-xireenka Niil, sidii loogu magac daray, sanadkii 1906]] [[File:Nile Barrage.jpg|thumb|right|Biyo-xireenka Niil]] '''Delta Barrage''' waa [[biyo-xireen nooca barrage-ka ah]] oo la dhisay si goosgoos ah intii u dhaxaysay 1833 ilaa 1862. Ujeedadiisu waxay ahayd in lagu horumariyo waraabka iyo maraakiibta oo dhan laamaha ugu waaweyn ee [[Rosetta]] iyo [[Damietta]] ee [[Webiga Niil]] ee dhinaca hoose ee barta ay ka kala qaybsamaan waqooyiga Qaahira, [[Masar]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hawlgalkiisii ugu horreeyay, aasaaska dhismaha waxaa la ogaaday inuu yahay mid tayo liita oo ujeeddadiisii ugu weynayd ee waraabka ay ahayd in inta badan laga tago sababo ammaan dartood. Biyo-xireenada ayaa si weyn loo dhaliilay iyagoo loo arkay kaliya inay yihiin meel jaceyl oo laga gudbo webiga.<ref name="RaafatBarrage">Samir Raafat, [http://www.egy.com/landmarks/97-08-21.php The Delta Barrage], Cairo Times, 21 Ogosto 1997</ref> In kasta oo uu bilowgiisii xumaa, tijaabooyin bilow ah iyo dayactir dambe ayaa la sameeyay 1880-meeyadii ka dib [[Taariikhda Masar ee hoos timaada gumeysiga Ingiriiska]]. Dayactirkan iyo dayactirkooda joogtada ah ayaa inta badan bixin lahaa ujeeddadii hore ee biyo-xireenada. Saamaynta guud waxay ahayd mid aan la filayn oo layaab leh. Marka laga soo tago dhimista weyn ee kharashaadka kor u qaadista biyaha si loo waraabiyo beeraha, iyo kaydinta xoogga shaqaalaha ee loo baahan yahay si looga nadiifiyo kanaalada dhoobada fadhida, dalagga suufka ayaa laba jibbaarmay, iyo kharashaadka loo baahan yahay in lagu beero dalagyada guud ahaan ayaa kala bar la dhimay. Arrimahan isku dhafan ayaa kicin doona baahida dhul-beereedka kaas oo arkay laba jibbaar qiimihiisu iyo baahi degdeg ah oo aan lagu qanci karin.<ref name="RaafatBarrage"/> 1930-meeyadii, markii fikradda ah biyo-xireen ka weyn, ka sarreeya oo ka xoog badan la soo bandhigay, biyo-xireenkii hore wuxuu mar kale daadanayay kharashaadkii [[dayactirka]] ee loo baahnaa waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u ballaaran, taas oo dhismaha biyo-xireen cusub lagu go'aamiyay inuu yahay mid aad u macquul ah. Heshiis ayaa lagu bixiyay iyada oo loo marayo hindiso dadweyne shirkadda Ingiriiska ee Messrs. McDonald Gibbs & Co. (Injineerada). Dhismaha [[Biyo-xireenka cusub ee Mohammed Ali]] wuxuu socday 1936 ilaa 1939. Biyo-xireenka la dhameeyay waxaa la daah-furay Diseembar 1939. Horumarka tignoolajiyada awgeed, aasaaskiisa waxaa lagu dhisay birta iyo sibidhka oo lagu daboolay dhowr mitir oo ka hooseeya salka ciidda. Granite ka yimid Aswan ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalay qayb ka mid ah jirka. Shaqada mashruucu waxay ahayd guul weyn, taas oo u baahnayd xoog shaqaale oo dhan laba iyo toban kun oo qiimihiisuna ahaa 2.75 milyan oo gini. Delta Barrage-kii hore ayaa markaas la dayacay, in kasta oo loo hayay sidii taallo taariikhi ah oo weli loo isticmaalo sidii buundada waddada.<ref name="RaafatBarrage"/><ref name="Compendium">Raye R. Platt, Mohammed Bahy Hefny, [https://www.questia.com/read/343661/egypt-a-compendium Egypt: A Compendium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911025430/https://www.questia.com/read/343661/egypt-a-compendium |date=2017-09-11 }}, bogga 198–204, Bulshada Juqraafiyeed ee Mareykanka, 1958. Laga helay 2014-12-03</ref> Dibloomaasiga Mareykanka [[Edwin de Leon]] ayaa soo sheegay in awoowgii [[Muhammad Ali ee Masar|Muhammad Ali]] oo ahaa [[Abbas I ee Masar|Abbas]] uu diyaar u ahaa inuu u huro mid ka mid ah Ahraamta si uu u dhammaystiro biyo-xireenka aan si fiican loo maalgelin, laakiin tan waxaa looga fogaaday qiimihii sare ee lagu qiyaasay, kaas oo uu bixiyay injineerka.<ref>[[Edwin de Leon]], [https://archive.org/details/khedivesegyptoro00delerich The Khedive's People], bogga 263–270, (1877)</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin]] * [[Charles Joseph Lambert (injineer)|Charles Joseph Lambert]] * [[Louis Maurice Adolphe Linant de Bellefonds]] * [[Eugène Mougel]] * [[Colin Scott-Moncrieff]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[http://engwonders.orgfree.com/e049.html Niil oo la xakameeyey]{{dead link|date=Diseembar 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - Maqaal ka soo baxay 1937 oo ku saabsan xakameynta qulqulka Niil. swrupv0bqdea83s5qffx818g7seant5 0 48089 299686 2026-06-27T08:04:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Liouesso | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Republic of the Congo | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Khariidadda Jamhuuriyadda Kongo oo muujinaysa goobta Liouesso. | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|01|26|07|N|16|10|42|E|region:CG_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | location_map_relief = | country = [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] | location = [[Ouesso]], [[Gobolka Sangha (Jamhuuriyadda Kongo)|Gobolka Sangha]] | purpose = P | status = O | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = US$110 milyan | owner = [[Dowladda Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] | operator = ''Energaz'' | dam_type = | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Sangha]] | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = 2017 | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = 3 x 6.4 MW | plant_capacity = {{convert|19.2|MW}} | plant_annual_gen = 9 GWh | website = | extra = }} '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Liouesso''' waa xarun koronto oo biyaha ku shaqaysa oo dhan {{convert|19.2|MW}} oo ku taal [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]]. Xaruntan korontada ee ay dowladda leedahay ayaa ganacsi ahaan loo daah-furay Maajo 2017. Mashruucan kaabayaasha tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo oo ay dhistay [[China Gezhouba Group]] ayaa ku kacay qiyaastii US$110 milyan in la dhiso.<ref name="1R">{{cite web|url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/congo-republic-s-19-9-mw-liouesso-hydroelectric-project-inaugurated/ | title=Mashruuca korontada biyaha ee 19.9-MW Liouesso ee Jamhuuriyadda Kongo ayaa la daah-furay |work=Hydroreview.com |date=30 Maajo 2017 | author=Michael Harris |access-date=26 Maajo 2022 |location=London, Boqortooyada Midowday}}</ref> ==Goobta== Xarunta korontadu waxay ku taal magaalada [[Ouesso]], ee [[Degmada Ouesso]], ee [[Gobolka Sangha (Jamhuuriyadda Kongo)|Gobolka Sangha]] ee Jamhuuriyadda Kongo. Ouesso waxay ku taal [[Webiga Sangha]], oo ah gacan ka mid ah [[Webiga Kongo]], oo u dhow xadka caalamiga ah ee [[Kameruun]]. Tani waa qiyaastii {{convert|829|km|0}}, dhanka waddada, waqooyiga [[Brazzaville]], oo ah caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn dalkaas.<ref name="2R">{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Ou%C3%A9sso,+Republic+of+the+Congo/Brazzaville,+Republic+of+the+Congo/@-1.3268909,15.6440977,6z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1098ee048d23eccf:0xe832b4d204e555d6!2m2!1d16.0463837!2d1.6154718!1m5!1m1!1s0x1a6a32ac441bb83b:0xab3deababe7de443!2m2!1d15.2428853!2d-4.2633597!3e0 | title=Masaafada u dhaxaysa Ouesso, Jamhuuriyadda Kongo iyo Brazzaville, Jamhuuriyadda Kongo |access-date=26 Maajo 2022}}</ref> Isku-duwayaasha juqraafiyeed ee Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Liouesso waa 1°26'07.0"N, 16°10'42.0"E (Loolka:1.435278; Dhigta:16.178333).<ref name="3R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/1%C2%B026'07.0%22N+16%C2%B010'42.0%22E/@1.4346791,16.1779622,340m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0xb677436e6ed2f3fd!8m2!3d1.4352778!4d16.1783333 |title=Goobta Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Liouesso | access-date=26 Maajo 2022}}</ref> ==Taariikhda== Sannadkii 2006, heshiiska [[injineernimada, wax-iibsiga iyo dhismaha]] (EPC) ee xaruntan korontada waxaa la guddoonsiiyay shirkadda Clackson Power Company ee Koonfur Afrika.<ref name="4R">{{cite web| url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/congo-republic-awards-four-hydro-project-contracts/ |title=Jamhuuriyadda Kongo waxay guddoonsiisay afar heshiis oo mashruuca biyaha ah |work=Hydroreview.com |date=10 Diseembar 2006 |author=Hydro Review |location=London, Boqortooyada Midowday}}</ref> Ka dib, heshiiska EPC waxaa loo wareejiyay China Gezhouba Group Company (CGGC). CGGC waxay awoodday inay gaarto xiritaan maaliyadeed xaruntan korontada, Janaayo 2014.<ref name="5R">{{cite web|work=NSEnergybusiness.com |date=27 Janaayo 2014 |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/newscggc-closes-liouesso-hydropower-station-in-the-republic-of-congo-280114-4166913/ |title=CGGC waxay xirtay Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Liouesso ee Jamhuuriyadda Kongo |author=NS Energy |access-date=26 Maajo 2022 | location=Ghaziabad, Hindiya}}</ref> 30 Maajo 2017, xaruntii korontada ee la dhammaystiray ayaa ganacsi ahaan loo daah-furay.<ref name="6R">{{cite web|url=https://www.projectstoday.com/News/Hydroelectric-plant-inaugurated-at-Congo-Republic |title=Warshad korontada biyaha ah oo laga daah-furay Jamhuuriyadda Kongo |work=Projectsoday.com |date=31 Maajo 2017 |author=Projects Today |access-date=26 Maajo 2022 | location=Mumbai, Hindiya}}</ref> ==Guudmarka== Guriga korontadu wuxuu ka kooban yahay saddex [[Francis turbine|nooca Francis]] turbines, mid kasta oo lagu qiimeeyay 6.4 MW, si loo soo saaro awood dhan 19.2 MW. Tamarta halkan laga soo saaro ayaa loo qaybiyaa magaalada Ouesso iyo tuulooyinka dariska la ah ee Degmada Ouesso, ee Gobolka Sangha.<ref name="5R"/> ==Kharashka dhismaha iyo maalgelinta== Waxaa la soo wariyay in dhismaha HPP-gan uu ku kacay qiyaastii US$110 milyan.<ref name="1R"/> Tixraacyo kale oo la isku halayn karo ayaa muujiyay in dowladda Jamhuuriyadda Kongo ay maalgashatay US$92 milyan. Jadwalka hoose wuxuu muujinayaa ilaha maalgelinta ee xarunta korontada.<ref name="7R">{{cite web| url=https://www.power-technology.com/news/newsdeals-this-week-government-of-congo-alsons-consolidated-resources-crius-energy-trust-5830696/ |title=Heshiisyada usbuucan: Dowladda Kongo, Alsons Consolidated Resources, Crius Energy Trust |date=1 Juun 2017 |work=Power-Technology.com |author=Power Technology | access-date=26 Maajo 2022 |location=New York City}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 0.5em auto" |+ Ilaha Maalgelinta ee Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Liouesso ! Darajada !!Magaca Maalgeliyaha!!Maalgelinta USD (Milyan) !! Boqolkiiba !!Qoraallada |- | 1 || [[Dowladda Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] ||{{center|92.0}} ||{{center|83.6}} ||<ref name="7R"/> |- | 2 || Maalgeliyaha(yaasha) kale ||{{center|18.0}}||{{center|6.4}}||<ref name="7R"/> |- | ||'''Wadarta'''||{{center|'''110.0'''}}||{{center|'''100.00'''}} ||<ref name="1R"/> |- |} ==Dib-u-dhiska== Maajo 2022, dowladda Jamhuuriyadda Kongo waxay heshiisyo la saxiixatay CGGC iyo ENERGAZ, oo ah IPP Kongo ah, si dib loogu dhiso xaruntan korontada, oo wax soo saarkeedu uu si aad ah hoos ugu dhacay, iyo in la ballaariyo shabakada qaybinta ee warshadda korontada oo aan weli ku xirnayn shabakadda korontada.<ref name="8R">{{cite web| date=25 Maajo 2022 | url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/congo-cggc-and-energaz-sign-ppp-for-two-331-mw-hydroelectric-plants/ |title=Kongo: CGGC iyo Energaz waxay u saxiixdeen PPP laba xarumood oo korontada biyaha ah oo dhan 331 MW | work=Afrik21.africa |access-date=26 Maajo 2022 |author=Jean Marie Takouleu |location=Paris, Faransiis}}</ref><ref name="9R">{{cite web| url=https://www.interholco.com/en/media-news/news/236-the-future-has-a-beautiful-energy-says-congolese-entrepreneur-vouala-obambi |title=Mustaqbalku wuxuu leeyahay tamar qurux badan, ayuu yiri ganacsadaha Kongo Vouala Obambi | work=Interholco.com | date=8 Maarso 2021 |author=Interholco |access-date=26 Maajo 2022 |location=Baar, Switzerland}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{stack|{{Portal|Jamhuuriyadda Kongo|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}}}} * [[Liiska xarumaha korontada ee Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist|33em}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://tractebel-engie.com/en/references/liouesso-hydropower-project/ Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Liouesso] {{Authority control}} onor15nms7yrgsqtjc40oppomtmh9gw 0 48090 299687 2026-06-27T08:07:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Imboulou | image = | image_caption = | name_official = Biyo-xireenka Imboulou | location_map = Republic of the Congo | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|2|56|07|S|16|02|13|E|type:landmark_region:CG|display=inline,title}} | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Léfini]] | location = U dhexeeya [[Gobolka Plateaux (Jamhuuriyadda Kongo)|Gobolka Plateaux]] iyo [[Gobolka Djoué-Léfini]] | construction_began = 2005 | opening = 2011 | cost = 170 bilyan oo FCFA (340 M$) | owner = | dam_type = Cufisjiidad, [[la taabtay oo la isku xiray (RCC)]]/Dhismaha ciidda ee hareeraha | dam_height = {{Convert|32.5|m|abbr=on}} | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_length = Biyo-xireenka cufisjiidad: {{Convert|310|m|abbr=on}}<br>Biyo-xireenka ciidda: {{Convert|270|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<br>Wadarta:{{Convert|580|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | dam_elevation_crest = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = {{Convert|1200|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Shaqooyinka leexinta|url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/storyprint.asp?sc=2051744|publisher=International Water Power & Dam Construction|accessdate=14 Juun 2011|date=16 Diseembar 2008}}{{Dead link|date=Janaayo 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | res_name = | res_capacity_total = {{Convert|584000000|m3|acre.ft|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Kormeerka dhismaha ee warshadda korontada biyaha ee Imboulou / Jamhuuriyadda Kongo|url=http://www.fwt.fichtner.de/php/main/page/php/referenzen.php/on/1/z/1/ukat_id/6/kat_id/3/sprache/e/li/0re_w|publisher=Fichtner|accessdate=14 Juun 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323130507/http://www.fwt.fichtner.de/php/main/page/php/referenzen.php/on/1/z/1/ukat_id/6/kat_id/3/sprache/e/li/0re_w|archive-date=23 Maarso 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_elevation = | res_max_depth = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_tidal_range = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = 4 x {{convert|30|MW|abbr=on}} [[Kaplan turbine]]s | plant_capacity = {{convert|120|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_annual_gen = {{convert|876|e6kWh|abbr=on}} | website = | extra = }} '''Biyo-xireenka Imboulou''' waa biyo-xireen ku yaalla [[Webiga Léfini]], oo ku yaalla xadka u dhexeeya [[Gobolka Djoué-Léfini]] iyo [[Gobolka Plateaux (Jamhuuriyadda Kongo)|Gobolka Plateaux]] ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]], qiyaastii 300 oo kiiloomitir waqooyi ka xiga [[Brazzaville]]. Waxaa daah-furay Madaxweyne [[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] 7-dii Maajo 2011.<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=48941&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0%20&them_id=0&cat_id=4&ss_cat_id=15&LISTE_FROM=0&select_month=05&select_year=2011 « Énergie électrique : le barrage d'Imboulou entre en production »], ''Les Dépêches de Brazzaville'', 05-09-2011.</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} {{stack|{{Portal|Jamhuuriyadda Kongo|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}}}} 7xp7dnwojswbvp72uoe6s7pn6p0u6jp 0 48091 299688 2026-06-27T08:12:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Zongo II<br>Barrage de Zongo | image = | image_caption = | name_official = | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Inkisi]] | location = Zongo, [[Kongo Central|Gobolka Kongo Dhexe]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] | dam_type = [[Biyo-xireen cufisjiidad]] | dam_length = | dam_height = | dam_width_base = | dam_width_crest = | dam_volume = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | construction_began = 2012 | opening = 2018 | cost = US$360 milyan | owner = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_depth = | plant_operator = | plant_turbines = 150 MW (3 x 50 MW) | plant_capacity = {{convert|150|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_annual_gen = | plant_commission = 2018 | plant_decommission = | location_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | location_map_caption = Goobta Xarunta Korontada ee Zongo II <br/>'''Meesha khariidadda ku taalla waa qiyaas''' | location_map_relief = | location_map_size = | coordinates = {{coord|04|46|57|S|14|54|22|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | website = | extra = }} '''Xarunta Korontada ee Zongo II''', sidoo kale '''Xarunta Korontada ee Zongo 2''', ([[Luqadda Faransiiska|Faransiis]]: ''Centrale hydroélectrique de Zongo II'') waa xarun koronto oo biyaha ku shaqaysa oo dhan 150 MW oo ku taal [[Webiga Inkisi]] taas oo ka faa'iidaysata tamarta ''Zongo Falls'' ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]]. Dhismaha ayaa bilaabmay 14 Maarso 2012 wuxuuna dhammaaday 2018. Xarunta korontada waxaa si rasmi ah u daah-furay 22 Juun 2018 Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo, [[Joseph Kabila]].<ref name="1R">{{cite web| url=https://en.zoom-eco.net/breaking-news/drc-dam-zongo-ii-a-project-poorly-evaluated-technically-and-financially-study/ | title=DRC: biyo-xireenka Zongo II, mashruuc si farsamo iyo dhaqaale ahaan loo qiimeeyay (daraasad) |work=ZoomEco.net |date=11 Luuliyo 2019 | author=Olivier Kamo |access-date=28 Juun 2021 |location=Kinshasa, DRC}}</ref> ==Goobta== Biyo-xireenka Zongo II wuxuu ku yaallaa tuulada Zongo, ee [[Kongo Central|Gobolka Kongo Dhexe]], ee koonfur-galbeed Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo. Xarunta korontadu waxay ku taal Webiga Inkisi, (oo ah gacan ka mid ah [[Webiga Kongo]]), qiyaastii {{convert|78|km|0}} koonfur-galbeed ee [[Kinshasa]], oo ah caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn dalkaas.<ref name="2R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kinshasa,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/Zongo,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/@-4.6196499,14.8044564,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1a6a3130fe066a8b:0x168b7e4e1f52378d!2m2!1d15.2662931!2d-4.4419311!1m5!1m1!1s0x1a69fbb1c3f050e9:0x3ecc12ca9ddda487!2m2!1d14.90494!2d-4.776416!3e0 |title=Masaafada Wadada u dhaxaysa Kinshasa, DRC iyo Zongo, Kongo Dhexe, DRC |access-date=28 Juun 2021}}</ref> Tani waa qiyaastii {{convert|275|km|0}}, dhanka waddada, waqooyi-bari ee dekedda [[Matadi]], oo ku taal xeebta [[Badweynta Atlaantik]].<ref name="3R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Matadi,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/Zongo,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/@-5.3096106,13.0620775,8z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1a5ccc0a52f159dd:0xfa3b643d669d0836!2m2!1d13.4627375!2d-5.8508719!1m5!1m1!1s0x1a69fbb1c3f050e9:0x3ecc12ca9ddda487!2m2!1d14.90494!2d-4.776416!3e0 |title=Masaafada Wadada u dhaxaysa Matadi, DRC iyo Zongo, Kongo Dhexe, DRC |access-date=28 Juun 2021}}</ref> Isku-duwayaasha Xarunta Korontada ee Zongo II waa 04°46'57.0"S, 14°54'22.0"E (Loolka:-4.782500; Dhigta:14.906111).<ref name="4R">{{google maps | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/4%C2%B046'57.0%22S+14%C2%B054'22.0%22E/@-4.783376,14.8987193,3087m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-4.7825!4d14.9061111 |title=Goobta Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Zongo II |access-date=28 Juun 2021}}</ref> Zongo II HPP waxay ku taal goobta, oo horey u deganaa '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Zongo I'''. Xarunta korontada ee 75 megawatt waxaa la dhisay intii u dhaxaysay 1955 iyo 1965. Waxay ka koobnayd shan turbines, mid kasta oo leh awood dhan 15 megawatts.<ref name="5R">{{cite web| url=http://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/42631 | title=Macluumaadka Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Zongo I |date=22 Diseembar 2011 |work=Global Energy Observatory |author=Rajan Gupta |access-date=28 Juun 2021 |location=Los Alamos, New Mexico, Mareykanka}}</ref> Waqtigii la beddelay, wax soo saarku aad buu u yaraaday sababtoo ah qalabkii oo duugoobay iyo dayactir la'aan, muddo 60 sano ah oo uu jiray.<ref name="6R">{{cite web |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ |title=DRC: Sinohydro ayaa ugu dambeyntii dhameysay biyo-xireenka korontada ee Zongo 2 |date=3 Luuliyo 2018 |work=Afrik.21.africa |author=Jean Marie Takouleu |access-date=28 Juun 2021 |location=Paris, Faransiis |archive-date=28 Juun 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628111717/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-sinohydro-has-finally-completed-the-zongo-2-hydroelectric-dam/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Guudmarka== Awoodda lagu rakibay ee Zongo II HPP waa 150 megawatts. Tamarta halkan laga soo saaro waxaa iibsata [[Société Nationale d'Électricité]] (SNEL), si loogu daro shabakada korontada qaranka iyadoo la raacayo [[heshiiska iibsiga tamarta]] ee muddada dheer.<ref name="6R"/> Xariiqda gudbinta korontada ee 220kV oo dhan {{convert|70|km|0}} ayaa ka gudbisa tamarta xarunta korontada ilaa xarunta SNEL ee Kinsuka, ee Kinshasa, halkaas oo tamartu ay ka gasho shabakada qaranka.<ref name="7R">{{cite web| url=http://www.huatuchina.com/en/a/p87.html |title=Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Zongo II ee DRC |work=Huatuchina.com |date=2018 | author=HuatuChina |access-date=28 Juun 2021 |place=Chengdu, Sichuan, Shiinaha}}</ref> ==Horumarinta, maalgelinta iyo jadwalka== Heshiiska [[injineernimada, wax-iibsiga, iyo dhismaha]] waxaa la guddoonsiiyay [[Sinohydro]], shirkadda Shiinaha ee dowladda, injineernimada biyaha iyo dhismaha, qiimo dhan US$360 milyan.<ref name="6R" /> Lacagaha waxaa amaahday Dowladda DR Kongo, laga soo bilaabo [[Exim Bank of China]] iyadoo la raacayo heerka dulsaarka ee 2 boqolkiiba sanadkii, muddo 20 sano ah, laga bilaabo maalinta ganacsi ahaan loo daah-furay.<ref name="6R"/> Dhismaha ayaa bilaabmay 2012 waxaana markii hore loo qorsheeyay saddex sano. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dib u dhac awgiis, waxay qaadatay lix sano in la dhammaystiro biyo-xireenka iyo xarunta korontada, taas oo online-ka timid Juun 2018.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="6R"/> ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Liiska xarumaha korontada ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{stack|{{Portal|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}}}} * [https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/project/090720013743/150-mw-zongo-ii-hydropower-project/ Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee 150 MW Zongo II] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zongo 2 Hydroelectric Power Station}} t31c56k5ll87fwa1hq591s8nxvsmubd 0 48092 299689 2026-06-27T08:15:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Grand Inga | name_official = | image = Inga 2006-projet.svg | image_size = | image_caption = Goobta Biyo-xireenka Grand Inga (dhinaca hoose ee bartamaha), oo ay weheliyaan [[Biyo-xireennada Inga]] kale | image_alt = | location_map = Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|05|32|48|S|13|35|06|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] | location = | status = P | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = 40–70 GW | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Biyo-xireenka Grand Inga''' (Faransiis: ''Barrage du Grand Inga'') waa silsilad ka kooban todobo xarumood oo koronto [[biyo-xireen]] ah oo laga soo jeediyay goobta [[Inga Falls]], ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]].<ref name="1R">{{cite web| newspaper=[[The EastAfrican]] |date=20 Juun 2020 |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/africa/DRC-goes-on-with-Grand-Inga-plan/4552902-5579782-42va4h/index.html | title=DRC waxay ku sii wadaa mashruuca Biyo-xireenka Grand Inga |author=Patrick Ilunga |access-date=22 Juun 2020 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> Haddii loo dhiso sidii loo qorsheeyay, mashruuca 40–70 GW<ref name="50MWR">{{cite web|url=https://www.globalconstructionreview.com/news/democratic-republic-co8n8g8o-seeks-professionals/ |title=Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo waxay raadinaysaa xirfadlayaal si ay u dhisaan qorshaha kacaanka ee Grand Inga Hydro |publisher=Global Construction Review |date=30 Sebteembar 2015 |author=David Rogers |access-date=19 Maarso 2021 | location=London, Boqortooyada Midowday}}</ref><ref name="70MWR">{{cite web|url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/central-and-west-africa_business/2021/03/11/fortescue-in-kinshasa-to-negotiate-grand-inga-mega-contract,109649613-ar1 |title=Fortescue oo ku sugan Kinshasa si ay uga wada xaajoodaan heshiiska mega ee Grand Inga |date=11 Maarso 2021 |publisher=Africa Intelligence |access-date=19 Maarso 2021 | author=Africa Intelligence |location=Paris, Faransiis}}</ref> wuxuu noqon lahaa xarunta korontada ugu weyn adduunka.<ref name="2R">{{cite web| url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/grand-inga-dam-dr-congo |title=Biyo-xireenka Grand Inga, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo |publisher=[[International Rivers]] |date=2015 | author=International Rivers |access-date=22 Juun 2020 |location=Oakland, California, Mareykanka}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> ==Goobta== Mashruucu wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Webiga Kongo]], qiyaastii {{convert|150|km|0}} kor ka xiga meesha webigu ku shubo [[Badweynta Atlaantik]].<ref name="2R"/> Tani waa qiyaastii {{convert|225|km|0}} koonfur-galbeed ee [[Kinshasa]], caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo.<ref name="2R"/> Tani waa goobta [[Inga Falls]] waana meesha ay ku yaallaan 351 MW [[Inga 1 Xarunta Korontada Biyaha]] iyo 1,424 MW [[Inga 2 Xarunta Korontada Biyaha]], qiyaastii {{convert|40|km|0}} kor ka xiga [[Matadi]], dekedda ugu weyn dalka.<ref name="3R">{{cite web|title=Macluumaadka Inga Falls | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Inga-Falls |date=22 Juun 2020 |publisher=[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] |author=((Tifaftirayaasha Encyclopaedia Britannica)) |access-date=22 Juun 2020 |location=London}}</ref> ==Guudmarka== Mashruucu wuxuu ku lug yeelan doonaa dhisidda biyo-xireen ka tallaaba koonfurta dooxada [[Webiga Bundi]] halkaas oo ay kula kulanto Kongo, ka dibna leexinta Kongo oo ka timid dusha biyo-dhaca ilaa woqooyiga dooxada si loo abuuro kayd weyn.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24856000 |accessdate=2020-09-04 |publisher=BBC |last=Jullien |first=Maud |title=Mashruuca biyo-xireenka Inga ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo ma korontayn karaa Afrika? |location=Inga |date=15 Noofembar 2013}}</ref> Waxaa la filayaa in dhibicda toosan, mugga, iyo xawaaraha qulqulka biyaha ee goobtan ay taageeri karaan silsilad xarumo koronto oo biyo-xireen ah, mid kasta oo leh awood soo saarid oo u dhaxaysa 4 ilaa 8 GW wadarta guud ee 40 GW ee dhismaha oo dhan. Xarunta Korontada ee Inga III, oo leh awood dhan 4.8 GW, waxay noqon doontaa xaruntii ugu horreysay ee silsiladda ee la dhiso.<ref name="4R">{{cite web|date=15 Noofembar 2013 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24856000 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |title=Mashruuca biyo-xireenka Inga ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo ma korontayn karaa Afrika? |author=Maud Jullien |access-date=22 Juun 2020 | location=London}}</ref> Naqshadda hadda jirta waxay u oggolaanaysaa horumarinta madax-bannaan ee xarumaha korontada ee kala duwan ee silsiladda, iyo sidoo kale horumarinta marxaladda mid kasta oo ka mid ah xarumaha. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah todobada biyo-xireen waxaa laga yaabaa inay lahaadaan maalgashadayaal kala duwan.<ref name="2R"/> Qiyaasaha ku salaysan [[Wakaaladda Tamarta Caalamiga ah]], oo ah hay'ad ilaalin caalami ah, ayaa sheegaya in 600 milyan oo qof oo ku nool Afrika ee ka hooseeya saxaraha Sahara aysan haysan marin koronto.<ref name=":0" /> Mashruuca ayaa dib u dhacay sanado badan. Sida uu sheegay José Ángel González Tausz, guddoomiyaha AEE Power, waxaa jira sababo dhowr ah oo taas u keenay: "Xitaa haddii mashruucu yahay mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu wanaagsan adduunka oo dhan – ma laha kalsooni." Wuxuu tixraacayaa musuqmaasuqa gudaha Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo, kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha oo yaraada, iyo horumarinta gaabis ah. Sababaha kale waxaa ka mid ah [[M23 iskahorimaad (2012–2013)]] oo ka dhacay qaybta bari ee dalka iyo xaqiiqda ah in maalgashadayaashu ay sidoo kale "baqayaan" sababtoo ah Grand Inga ma soo celin doonto faa'iido tobanaan sano ah.<ref name=":1" /> ==Maalgelinta== Biilka guud ee dhismaha Grand Inga waxaa lagu xisaabiyay inuu gaaro $80 bilyan. [[Bangiga Adduunka]], [[Bangiga Maalgashiga Yurub]], iyo [[Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika]] ayaa bixiyay maalgelin loogu talagalay daraasadaha suurtagalka ah iyo saamaynta deegaanka. 2016, Bangiga Adduunka wuxuu joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Mashruuca Grand Inga, laakiin wuxuu dib uga fiirsaday Inga 3 sanadkii 2024.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Bangiga Adduunka oo 'rajo ka qaba' mashruuca weyn ee Afrika|url=https://www.ft.com/content/17d5142a-8835-4b42-841a-7e8eb0db3b45 |website=www.ft.com}}</ref> Waxaa la filayaa in xarumaha korontada lagu horumarin doono mashruuc [[wada-shaqaynta dadweynaha iyo gaarka loo leeyahay|dadweyne-gaar ah]].<ref name="2R"/> ==Horumarradii dambe== Juun 2020, [[Dowladda Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] waxay go'aansatay inay u soo bandhigto mashruuca madaxda gobolka ee dowladaha iyo inay sahamiyaan suuqa qaaradda ee tamarta la soo saaray. Waxay qorteen [[Midowga Afrika]] iyo [[Iskaashiga Cusub ee Horumarinta Afrika]] dadaalladooda ku aaddan sidii xarunta korontada loo dhisi lahaa.<ref name="1R"/> Koonfur Afrika waxay muujisay rabitaan ah inay iibsato 2.5 GW oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka biyo-xireenka. Nayjeeriya waxay xiisaynaysaa inay iibsato 3 GW, iyo miinooyinka Kongo ee [[Gobolka Katanga]] waxay xiisaynayaan 1.3 GW.<ref name="4R"/> Janaayo 2025, sida ay sheegtay BBC-da, shirkadda Shiinaha ee dowladda [[Three Gorges Corporation]] ayaa ka baxday mashruuca.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-27 |title=Grand Inga: Qorshayaasha Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo ee ah inay dhisaan biyo-xireenka korontada biyaha ugu weyn adduunka weli ma socdaan? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62jmq0z89jo |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Biyo-xireennada Inga]] * [[Liiska xarumaha korontada ugu weyn adduunka]] *[[Liiska mashaariicda tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo ee la qorsheeyay]] * [[Liiska xarumaha korontada ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://constructionreviewonline.com/2019/11/construction-of-us-14bn-grand-inga-dam-in-congo-on-track/ Dhismaha biyo-xireenka Grand Inga oo dhan US $14bn ee Kongo ayaa socda] Laga bilaabo 5 Noofembar 2019. {{Authority control}} {{Portal bar|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}} aksxkdw448df9mq8i9zka6wlw342yua 299690 299689 2026-06-27T08:15:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Grand Inga | name_official = | image = Inga 2006-projet.svg | image_size = | image_caption = Goobta Biyo-xireenka Grand Inga (dhinaca hoose ee bartamaha), oo ay weheliyaan [[Biyo-xireennada Inga]] kale | image_alt = | location_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|05|32|48|S|13|35|06|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] | location = | status = P | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = 40–70 GW | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Biyo-xireenka Grand Inga''' (Faransiis: ''Barrage du Grand Inga'') waa silsilad ka kooban todobo xarumood oo koronto [[biyo-xireen]] ah oo laga soo jeediyay goobta [[Inga Falls]], ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]].<ref name="1R">{{cite web| newspaper=[[The EastAfrican]] |date=20 Juun 2020 |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/africa/DRC-goes-on-with-Grand-Inga-plan/4552902-5579782-42va4h/index.html | title=DRC waxay ku sii wadaa mashruuca Biyo-xireenka Grand Inga |author=Patrick Ilunga |access-date=22 Juun 2020 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> Haddii loo dhiso sidii loo qorsheeyay, mashruuca 40–70 GW<ref name="50MWR">{{cite web|url=https://www.globalconstructionreview.com/news/democratic-republic-co8n8g8o-seeks-professionals/ |title=Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo waxay raadinaysaa xirfadlayaal si ay u dhisaan qorshaha kacaanka ee Grand Inga Hydro |publisher=Global Construction Review |date=30 Sebteembar 2015 |author=David Rogers |access-date=19 Maarso 2021 | location=London, Boqortooyada Midowday}}</ref><ref name="70MWR">{{cite web|url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/central-and-west-africa_business/2021/03/11/fortescue-in-kinshasa-to-negotiate-grand-inga-mega-contract,109649613-ar1 |title=Fortescue oo ku sugan Kinshasa si ay uga wada xaajoodaan heshiiska mega ee Grand Inga |date=11 Maarso 2021 |publisher=Africa Intelligence |access-date=19 Maarso 2021 | author=Africa Intelligence |location=Paris, Faransiis}}</ref> wuxuu noqon lahaa xarunta korontada ugu weyn adduunka.<ref name="2R">{{cite web| url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/grand-inga-dam-dr-congo |title=Biyo-xireenka Grand Inga, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo |publisher=[[International Rivers]] |date=2015 | author=International Rivers |access-date=22 Juun 2020 |location=Oakland, California, Mareykanka}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> ==Goobta== Mashruucu wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Webiga Kongo]], qiyaastii {{convert|150|km|0}} kor ka xiga meesha webigu ku shubo [[Badweynta Atlaantik]].<ref name="2R"/> Tani waa qiyaastii {{convert|225|km|0}} koonfur-galbeed ee [[Kinshasa]], caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo.<ref name="2R"/> Tani waa goobta [[Inga Falls]] waana meesha ay ku yaallaan 351 MW [[Inga 1 Xarunta Korontada Biyaha]] iyo 1,424 MW [[Inga 2 Xarunta Korontada Biyaha]], qiyaastii {{convert|40|km|0}} kor ka xiga [[Matadi]], dekedda ugu weyn dalka.<ref name="3R">{{cite web|title=Macluumaadka Inga Falls | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Inga-Falls |date=22 Juun 2020 |publisher=[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] |author=((Tifaftirayaasha Encyclopaedia Britannica)) |access-date=22 Juun 2020 |location=London}}</ref> ==Guudmarka== Mashruucu wuxuu ku lug yeelan doonaa dhisidda biyo-xireen ka tallaaba koonfurta dooxada [[Webiga Bundi]] halkaas oo ay kula kulanto Kongo, ka dibna leexinta Kongo oo ka timid dusha biyo-dhaca ilaa woqooyiga dooxada si loo abuuro kayd weyn.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24856000 |accessdate=2020-09-04 |publisher=BBC |last=Jullien |first=Maud |title=Mashruuca biyo-xireenka Inga ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo ma korontayn karaa Afrika? |location=Inga |date=15 Noofembar 2013}}</ref> Waxaa la filayaa in dhibicda toosan, mugga, iyo xawaaraha qulqulka biyaha ee goobtan ay taageeri karaan silsilad xarumo koronto oo biyo-xireen ah, mid kasta oo leh awood soo saarid oo u dhaxaysa 4 ilaa 8 GW wadarta guud ee 40 GW ee dhismaha oo dhan. Xarunta Korontada ee Inga III, oo leh awood dhan 4.8 GW, waxay noqon doontaa xaruntii ugu horreysay ee silsiladda ee la dhiso.<ref name="4R">{{cite web|date=15 Noofembar 2013 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24856000 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |title=Mashruuca biyo-xireenka Inga ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo ma korontayn karaa Afrika? |author=Maud Jullien |access-date=22 Juun 2020 | location=London}}</ref> Naqshadda hadda jirta waxay u oggolaanaysaa horumarinta madax-bannaan ee xarumaha korontada ee kala duwan ee silsiladda, iyo sidoo kale horumarinta marxaladda mid kasta oo ka mid ah xarumaha. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah todobada biyo-xireen waxaa laga yaabaa inay lahaadaan maalgashadayaal kala duwan.<ref name="2R"/> Qiyaasaha ku salaysan [[Wakaaladda Tamarta Caalamiga ah]], oo ah hay'ad ilaalin caalami ah, ayaa sheegaya in 600 milyan oo qof oo ku nool Afrika ee ka hooseeya saxaraha Sahara aysan haysan marin koronto.<ref name=":0" /> Mashruuca ayaa dib u dhacay sanado badan. Sida uu sheegay José Ángel González Tausz, guddoomiyaha AEE Power, waxaa jira sababo dhowr ah oo taas u keenay: "Xitaa haddii mashruucu yahay mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu wanaagsan adduunka oo dhan – ma laha kalsooni." Wuxuu tixraacayaa musuqmaasuqa gudaha Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo, kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha oo yaraada, iyo horumarinta gaabis ah. Sababaha kale waxaa ka mid ah [[M23 iskahorimaad (2012–2013)]] oo ka dhacay qaybta bari ee dalka iyo xaqiiqda ah in maalgashadayaashu ay sidoo kale "baqayaan" sababtoo ah Grand Inga ma soo celin doonto faa'iido tobanaan sano ah.<ref name=":1" /> ==Maalgelinta== Biilka guud ee dhismaha Grand Inga waxaa lagu xisaabiyay inuu gaaro $80 bilyan. [[Bangiga Adduunka]], [[Bangiga Maalgashiga Yurub]], iyo [[Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika]] ayaa bixiyay maalgelin loogu talagalay daraasadaha suurtagalka ah iyo saamaynta deegaanka. 2016, Bangiga Adduunka wuxuu joojiyay taageeradii uu siin jiray Mashruuca Grand Inga, laakiin wuxuu dib uga fiirsaday Inga 3 sanadkii 2024.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Bangiga Adduunka oo 'rajo ka qaba' mashruuca weyn ee Afrika|url=https://www.ft.com/content/17d5142a-8835-4b42-841a-7e8eb0db3b45 |website=www.ft.com}}</ref> Waxaa la filayaa in xarumaha korontada lagu horumarin doono mashruuc [[wada-shaqaynta dadweynaha iyo gaarka loo leeyahay|dadweyne-gaar ah]].<ref name="2R"/> ==Horumarradii dambe== Juun 2020, [[Dowladda Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] waxay go'aansatay inay u soo bandhigto mashruuca madaxda gobolka ee dowladaha iyo inay sahamiyaan suuqa qaaradda ee tamarta la soo saaray. Waxay qorteen [[Midowga Afrika]] iyo [[Iskaashiga Cusub ee Horumarinta Afrika]] dadaalladooda ku aaddan sidii xarunta korontada loo dhisi lahaa.<ref name="1R"/> Koonfur Afrika waxay muujisay rabitaan ah inay iibsato 2.5 GW oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka biyo-xireenka. Nayjeeriya waxay xiisaynaysaa inay iibsato 3 GW, iyo miinooyinka Kongo ee [[Gobolka Katanga]] waxay xiisaynayaan 1.3 GW.<ref name="4R"/> Janaayo 2025, sida ay sheegtay BBC-da, shirkadda Shiinaha ee dowladda [[Three Gorges Corporation]] ayaa ka baxday mashruuca.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-27 |title=Grand Inga: Qorshayaasha Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo ee ah inay dhisaan biyo-xireenka korontada biyaha ugu weyn adduunka weli ma socdaan? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62jmq0z89jo |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Biyo-xireennada Inga]] * [[Liiska xarumaha korontada ugu weyn adduunka]] *[[Liiska mashaariicda tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo ee la qorsheeyay]] * [[Liiska xarumaha korontada ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://constructionreviewonline.com/2019/11/construction-of-us-14bn-grand-inga-dam-in-congo-on-track/ Dhismaha biyo-xireenka Grand Inga oo dhan US $14bn ee Kongo ayaa socda] Laga bilaabo 5 Noofembar 2019. {{Authority control}} {{Portal bar|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}} sn4oybfjj8aenn8k37kd7w0zz5ob1a9 0 48093 299691 2026-06-27T08:19:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Biyo-xireen ku yaalla Rutshuru, North Kivu}} {{Infobox dam | name = Xarunta Korontada ee Rutshuru | name_official = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map_caption = Map of the Democratic Republic of the Congo location of Rutshuru | location_map_alt = | country = [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] | location = '''[[Degmada Rutshuru|Rutshuru]]''', [[North Kivu]] | purpose = | status = O | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = | owner = | operator = | dam_type = | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Rutshuru]] | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = {{convert|1600|m|abbr=on}} | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = 16 Diseembar, 2015 | plant_decommission = | plant_type = R | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = 2 | plant_capacity = {{convert|13.8|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = | image = | image_size = | location_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | location_map_size = | coordinates = {{coord|01|13|33|S|29|27|36|E|region:CD_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | dam_height = | plant_coordinates = }} '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Rutshuru''', sidoo kale loogu yeero '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Rutshuru''', ([[Luqadda Faransiiska|Faransiis]]: ''Centrale hydroélectrique de Rutshuru'') waa xarun koronto oo biyaha ku shaqaysa oo dhan {{convert|13.8|MW|adj=on}} oo dhismaheedu ka socday [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]].<ref>[http://wwf.panda.org/?213450/Construction-begins-on-new-Virunga-hydropower-plant Dhismaha oo ka bilaabmay xarunta cusub ee korontada biyaha ee Virunga]</ref> Warshadda waxaa la dhameeyay 16 Diseembar, 2015.<ref>[http://news.trust.org//item/20151216122418-27ixh/?source=leadCarousel Kongo oo furtay xarun koronto oo biyaha ku shaqaysa bariga si kor loogu qaado dhaqaalaha]</ref> ==Goobta== Xarunta korontadu waxay ku taal meel u dhow magaalada [[Rutshuru]], ee [[Degmada Rutshuru]], [[North Kivu|Gobolka North Kivu]], ee bariga [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]]. Goobtan waxay ku taal joog dhan qiyaastii {{convert|1600|m}}, oo ku taal [[Webiga Rutshuru]], ee [[Buuraleyda Virunga]], oo u dhow xuduudaha caalamiga ah ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Uganda]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Rwanda]]. Rutshuru waxay ku taal qiyaastii {{convert|75|km}}, dhanka waddada, waqooyiga [[Goma]], oo ah goobta caasimadda gobolka.<ref>[http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Congo_(Kinshasa)_Distance_Result.asp?%20fromplace=Rutshuru%20()&toplace=Goma%20(Nord-Kivu)&fromlat=-1.1605556&tolat=-1.6791667&fromlng=29.3825&tolng=29.2227778 Khariidadda muujinaysa Goma iyo Rutshuru oo leh calaamad masaafada]</ref> ==Guudmarka== Xarunta Korontada ee Rutshuru waa [[run of river]], xarun yar oo koronto biyaha ku shaqaysa, oo leh awood la qorsheeyay oo dhan 12.5 Megawatts.<ref>[https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/congos-mountain-gorilla-park-announces-partnership-for-economic-revival-in-war-torn-eastern-province-226855991.html Beerta Gorilla-ha ee Buurta Kongo ayaa ku dhawaaqday iskaashi loogu talagalay dib-u-soo-nolaynta dhaqaalaha]</ref> Waa mid ka mid ah saddex xarumood oo koronto biyaha ku shaqaysa oo yaryar oo loo qorsheeyay in laga dhiso [[Beerta Qaranka ee Virunga]], ee [[North Kivu]], ee bariga DRC. Labada kale ee xarumaha korontada ee biyaha ku shaqaysa ee yaryar waa [[Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Lubero]] oo la qorsheeyay,<ref>[http://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/dalbergreport2013/index.php#/40 Awoodda Korontada Biyaha ee Virunga]</ref> iyo [[Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Mutwanga]], taas oo la daah-furay Ogosto 2013. ==Kharashka dhismaha== Howard G Buffett Foundation, oo ah hay'ad samafal oo [[Mareykanka|Mareykan]] ah, oo bixisay taageero farsamo iyo maaliyadeed laga soo bilaabo bilowgii mashruuca, ayaa u ballanqaaday US$19.7 milyan oo kale si loo dhameeyo Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Rutshuru. Dhismaha ayaa bilaabmay Diseembar 2013 waxaana la filayaa in la daah-furo 2016.<ref>[https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/congos-mountain-gorilla-park-announces-partnership-for-economic-revival-in-war-torn-eastern-province-226855991.html Daah-furka oo la filayo 2013]</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{stack|{{Portal|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}}}} *[[Liiska xarumaha korontada ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://maps.google.com/maps?q=1.20000S,+29.5500000E&hl=en&ll=-1.195706,29.553652&spn=0.030892,0.04549&sll=-1.188155,29.507561&sspn=0.12357,0.312767&t=p&z=14&iwloc=near Goobta Qiyaasaha ee Xarunta Korontada ee Mutwanga ee Google Maps] fs2h3ccyeok4gfx128bqbr52jx9q0e3 299692 299691 2026-06-27T08:20:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Biyo-xireen ku yaalla Rutshuru, North Kivu}} {{Infobox dam | name = Xarunta Korontada ee Rutshuru | name_official = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map_caption = Khariidadda goobta ay Rutshuru ku taallo Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Kongo | location_map_alt = | country = [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] | location = '''[[Degmada Rutshuru|Rutshuru]]''', [[North Kivu]] | purpose = | status = O | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = | owner = | operator = | dam_type = | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Rutshuru]] | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = {{convert|1600|m|abbr=on}} | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = 16 Diseembar, 2015 | plant_decommission = | plant_type = R | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = 2 | plant_capacity = {{convert|13.8|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = | image = | image_size = | location_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | location_map_size = | coordinates = {{coord|01|13|33|S|29|27|36|E|region:CD_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | dam_height = | plant_coordinates = }} '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Rutshuru''', sidoo kale loogu yeero '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Rutshuru''', ([[Luqadda Faransiiska|Faransiis]]: ''Centrale hydroélectrique de Rutshuru'') waa xarun koronto oo biyaha ku shaqaysa oo dhan {{convert|13.8|MW|adj=on}} oo dhismaheedu ka socday [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]].<ref>[http://wwf.panda.org/?213450/Construction-begins-on-new-Virunga-hydropower-plant Dhismaha oo ka bilaabmay xarunta cusub ee korontada biyaha ee Virunga]</ref> Warshadda waxaa la dhameeyay 16 Diseembar, 2015.<ref>[http://news.trust.org//item/20151216122418-27ixh/?source=leadCarousel Kongo oo furtay xarun koronto oo biyaha ku shaqaysa bariga si kor loogu qaado dhaqaalaha]</ref> ==Goobta== Xarunta korontadu waxay ku taal meel u dhow magaalada [[Rutshuru]], ee [[Degmada Rutshuru]], [[North Kivu|Gobolka North Kivu]], ee bariga [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]]. Goobtan waxay ku taal joog dhan qiyaastii {{convert|1600|m}}, oo ku taal [[Webiga Rutshuru]], ee [[Buuraleyda Virunga]], oo u dhow xuduudaha caalamiga ah ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Uganda]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Rwanda]]. Rutshuru waxay ku taal qiyaastii {{convert|75|km}}, dhanka waddada, waqooyiga [[Goma]], oo ah goobta caasimadda gobolka.<ref>[http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Congo_(Kinshasa)_Distance_Result.asp?%20fromplace=Rutshuru%20()&toplace=Goma%20(Nord-Kivu)&fromlat=-1.1605556&tolat=-1.6791667&fromlng=29.3825&tolng=29.2227778 Khariidadda muujinaysa Goma iyo Rutshuru oo leh calaamad masaafada]</ref> ==Guudmarka== Xarunta Korontada ee Rutshuru waa [[run of river]], xarun yar oo koronto biyaha ku shaqaysa, oo leh awood la qorsheeyay oo dhan 12.5 Megawatts.<ref>[https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/congos-mountain-gorilla-park-announces-partnership-for-economic-revival-in-war-torn-eastern-province-226855991.html Beerta Gorilla-ha ee Buurta Kongo ayaa ku dhawaaqday iskaashi loogu talagalay dib-u-soo-nolaynta dhaqaalaha]</ref> Waa mid ka mid ah saddex xarumood oo koronto biyaha ku shaqaysa oo yaryar oo loo qorsheeyay in laga dhiso [[Beerta Qaranka ee Virunga]], ee [[North Kivu]], ee bariga DRC. Labada kale ee xarumaha korontada ee biyaha ku shaqaysa ee yaryar waa [[Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Lubero]] oo la qorsheeyay,<ref>[http://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/dalbergreport2013/index.php#/40 Awoodda Korontada Biyaha ee Virunga]</ref> iyo [[Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Mutwanga]], taas oo la daah-furay Ogosto 2013. ==Kharashka dhismaha== Howard G Buffett Foundation, oo ah hay'ad samafal oo [[Mareykanka|Mareykan]] ah, oo bixisay taageero farsamo iyo maaliyadeed laga soo bilaabo bilowgii mashruuca, ayaa u ballanqaaday US$19.7 milyan oo kale si loo dhameeyo Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Rutshuru. Dhismaha ayaa bilaabmay Diseembar 2013 waxaana la filayaa in la daah-furo 2016.<ref>[https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/congos-mountain-gorilla-park-announces-partnership-for-economic-revival-in-war-torn-eastern-province-226855991.html Daah-furka oo la filayo 2013]</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{stack|{{Portal|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}}}} *[[Liiska xarumaha korontada ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://maps.google.com/maps?q=1.20000S,+29.5500000E&hl=en&ll=-1.195706,29.553652&spn=0.030892,0.04549&sll=-1.188155,29.507561&sspn=0.12357,0.312767&t=p&z=14&iwloc=near Goobta Qiyaasaha ee Xarunta Korontada ee Mutwanga ee Google Maps] 438baqvjzwatdwrxzc6te4vwbi49piu 0 48094 299693 2026-06-27T08:23:48Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Xarunta Korontada ee Mutwanga | name_official = Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Mutwanga | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Khariidadda goobta Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo ee Mutwanga | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|00|20|24|N|29|45|36|E|region:CD_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] | location = '''Mutwanga''', [[North Kivu]] | purpose = | status = O | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = | owner = | operator = | dam_type = | dam_crosses = | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = {{convert|1290|m|abbr=on}} | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = 2013<ref>[http://humanitariannews.org/20130820/virungas-hydropower-potential Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Mutwanga ayaa shaqo bilowday Ogosto 2013]</ref> | plant_decommission = | plant_type = R | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = 2 | plant_capacity = {{convert|9.4|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Mutwanga''', sidoo kale loogu yeero '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Mutwanga''', ([[Luqadda Faransiiska|Faransiis]]: ''Centrale hydroélectrique de Mutwanga'') waa xarun koronto oo biyaha ku shaqaysa oo dhan {{convert|9.4|MW|adj=on}} oo ku taal [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]]. ==Goobta== Xarunta korontadu waxay ku taal meel u dhow tuulada '''Mutwanga''', mid ka mid ah webiyada ku yaalla [[Beerta Qaranka ee Virunga]], ee [[North Kivu|Gobolka North Kivu]], ee bariga [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]]. Goobta xarunta korontadu waxay ku taal jiirarka galbeed ee [[Buuraleyda Rwenzori]], oo u dhow xadka caalamiga ah ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Uganda]]. Mutwanga waxay ku taal qiyaastii {{convert|290|km}}, dhanka waddada, waqooyi-bari ee [[Goma]], oo ah goobta caasimadda gobolka.<ref>[http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Congo_(Kinshasa)_Distance_Result.asp?%20fromplace=Goma%20(Nord-Kivu)&toplace=Mutwanga%20()%20&fromlat=-1.6791667&tolat=0.3333333&fromlng=29.2227778&tolng=29.75 Khariidadda muujinaysa Goma iyo Mutwanga oo leh calaamad masaafada]</ref> ==Guudmarka== Xarunta Korontada ee Mutwanga waa [[run of river]], xarun yar oo koronto biyaha ku shaqaysa, oo leh awood lagu rakibay oo dhan 9.4 Megawatts. Waa mid ka mid ah saddex xarumood oo koronto biyaha ku shaqaysa oo yaryar oo loo qorsheeyay in laga dhiso [[Beerta Qaranka ee Virunga]], ee [[North Kivu]], ee bariga DRC. Labada kale ee xarumaha korontada ee biyaha ku shaqaysa ee yaryar waa [[Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Lubero]] oo la qorsheeyay,<ref>[http://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/dalbergreport2013/index.php#/40 Awoodda Korontada Biyaha ee Virunga]</ref> iyo [[Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Rutshuru]], oo hadda la dhisayo.<ref>[https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/congos-mountain-gorilla-park-announces-partnership-for-economic-revival-in-war-torn-eastern-province-226855991.html Beerta Gorilla-ha ee Buurta Kongo ayaa ku dhawaaqday iskaashi loogu talagalay dib-u-soo-nolaynta dhaqaalaha]</ref><ref>[http://wwf.panda.org/?213450/Construction-begins-on-new-Virunga-hydropower-plant Dhismaha oo ka bilaabmay xarunta cusub ee korontada biyaha ee Virunga]</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{stack|{{Portal|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}}}} *[[Liiska xarumaha korontada ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] *[[Liiska xarumaha korontada biyaha ee Afrika]] *[[Liiska xarumaha korontada biyaha]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://maps.google.com/maps?q=0.3400N,+29.7600E&hl=en&ll=0.329588,33.925781&spn=6.785462,11.645508&sll=0.342205,29.764667&sspn=0.013261,0.039096&t=p&z=6 Goobta Qiyaasaha ee Xarunta Korontada ee Mutwanga ee Google Maps] 8xshx33wf5ayh6e1n0q2wfx32ko3rhb 0 48095 299694 2026-06-27T08:27:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Piana–Mwanga | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Khariidadda Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo oo muujinaysa goobta Biyo-xireenka Mpiana–Mwanga | location_map_alt = | location_map_relief = | coordinates = {{coord|07|38|55|S|28|05|36|E|region:DC_type:landmark|display=inline, title}} | country = [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] | location = ''Piana Mwanga'', [[Degmada Manono]], [[Gobolka Tanganyika]] | purpose = P | status = P | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = | owner = AVZ Minerals Limited | operator = AVZ Power Limited | dam_type = | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Luvua]] | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = ''AVZ Power Limited'' | plant_commission = 2023 La filayo | plant_decommission = | plant_type = R | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = {{convert|54|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Piana–Mwanga''', sidoo kale '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Mpiana–Mwanga''', waa xarun koronto oo biyaha ku shaqaysa oo dhan {{convert|54|MW}} oo ku taal [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]]. Warshadda korontadu waxay markii hore shaqo bilowday 1933 si ay ugu adeegto miino [[tin]] u dhow. Miinada tin-ta ayaa la xiray 1982 sidaas darteedna xaruntii korontaduna way xirantay. Sannadkii 2020, shirkadda macdanta ee ''AVZ Minerals Limited'', ayaa gaartay heshiis lagu dayactirayo xarunta korontada si ay koronto ugu siiso hawlaheeda macdan qodista ee Degmada Manono, oo ay ku jirto ''Miinada Manono–Kitotolo'', oo ah mid ka mid ah miinooyinka lithium-ka ee ugu weyn Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo, kuwaas oo kaydkooda lagu qiyaasay {{convert|120,000,000|tonne|0}} oo macdan ah.<ref name="1R">{{cite web| work=Afrik21.africa |date=4 Febraayo 2020 |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-avz-minerals-to-revive-old-mpiana-mwanga-hydroelectric-plant/ |title=Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo: AVZ Minerals si ay dib ugu soo nooleyso xaruntii korontada biyaha ee hore ee Mpiana-Mwanga |author=Jean Marie Takouleu |access-date=2 Sebteembar 2021 |location=Paris, Faransiis}}</ref><ref name="2R">{{cite web|url=https://www.africa-energy.com/article/dr-congo-miner-plans-refurbish-piana-mwanga-hydro |title=Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo: Macdan qodayaashu waxay qorsheynayaan inay dayactiraan biyo-xireenka Piana-Mwanga |work=Africa-Energy.com |date=30 Janaayo 2020 | issue=408 |access-date=2 Sebteembar 2021 |author=African Energy | location=Hastings, Boqortooyada Midowday}}</ref> ==Goobta== Xarunta korontadu waxay ku taal [[Webiga Luvua]] (gacan ka mid ah [[Webiga Kongo]]), ee magaalada ''Piana Mwanga'', ee [[Degmada Manono]], ee [[Gobolka Tanganyika]] ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]]. Goobtan waa qiyaastii {{convert|81.5|km|0}}, dhanka waddada, koonfur-bari ee magaalada [[Manono, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo|Manono]], oo ah caasimadda degmada.<ref name="3R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Piana+Mwanga,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/Manono,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/@-7.4722196,27.1865143,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0x1998e4d5f794a21f:0x87b3b724c8082c37!2m2!1d28.0595907!2d-7.6598806!1m5!1m1!1s0x199993d224d4ff13:0x61712884d25420bc!2m2!1d27.4321452!2d-7.2879882 |title=Masaafada Wadada u dhaxaysa Piana Mwanga, DRC iyo Manono, DRC |access-date=2 Sebteembar 2021}}</ref> Piana Mwanga waxay ku taal qiyaastii {{convert|394|km|0}}, dhanka waddada, koonfur-galbeed ee magaalada [[Kalemie]], caasimadda Gobolka Tanganyika.<ref name="4R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kalemie,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/Piana+Mwanga,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/@-6.7313787,27.4095442,8z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x19bdb8540f6f2053:0xd993dff4324be7a2!2m2!1d29.1913918!2d-5.9127393!1m5!1m1!1s0x1998e4d5f794a21f:0x87b3b724c8082c37!2m2!1d28.0595907!2d-7.6598806!3e0 |title=Masaafada Wadada u dhaxaysa Kalemie, DRC iyo Piana Mwanga, DRC oo leh Khariidadda Is-dhexgalka |access-date=2 Sebteembar 2021}}</ref> Isku-duwayaasha juqraafiyeed ee Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Piana–Mwanga waa 07°38'55.0"S, 28°05'36.0"E (Loolka:-7.648611; Dhigta:28.093333).<ref name="5R">{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/7%C2%B038'55.0%22S+28%C2%B005'36.0%22E/@-7.650835,28.0908089,746m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-7.6486111!4d28.0933333 |title=Goobta Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Piana–Mwanga |access-date=2 Sebteembar 2021}}</ref> ==Guudmarka== AVZ Minerals Limited, oo fadhigeedu yahay Australia ayaa ku jira habka horumarinta [[lithium]] iyo [[tin]] ''Miinada Manono–Kitotolo'', ee magaalada Manono, DRC. Iyada oo qayb ka ah kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha si loo horumariyo horumarintaas, AVZ, iyada oo loo marayo shirkadeeda ''AVZ Power Limited'' ayaa ku heshiisay maamulka Kongo inay sahamiyaan suurtagalnimada in la helo Piana-Mwanga HPP ee laga tagay, dib loogu soo celiyo iyo isticmaalka 54 megawatts ee halkaas laga soo saaray si loo taageero hawlaheeda macdan qodista ee Degmada Manono. Daraasad suurtagelnimo ayaa la oggolaaday, natiijada taas oo wargelin doonta go'aamadaas.<ref name="6R">{{cite web| work=Water Power Magazine | url=https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/news/newsavz-power-to-investigate-refurb-of-mpiana-mwanga-drc-7787287 |date=24 Febraayo 2020 |title=AVZ Power si ay u baarto dayactirka Mpiana-Mwanga, DRC |author=Water Power |access-date=2 Sebteembar 2021 | location=Kent, Boqortooyada Midowday}}</ref><ref name="7R">{{cite web|url=https://www.hydroreview.com/hydro-industry-news/avz-power-signs-mou-to-refurbish-mpiana-mwanga-hydroelectric-power-station-in-drc/#gref |title=AVZ Power oo saxiixday MOU si ay u dayactirto xarunta korontada biyaha ee Mpiana-Mwanga ee DRC |date=15 Janaayo 2020 |work=HydroRview.com |access-date=2 Sebteembar 2021 | author=Hydro Review |location=Mareykanka}}</ref> ==Tixgelinno kale== Marka dayactirku bilaabmo, AVZ Power Limited waxay rajaynaysaa inay ku bilowdo laba turbines oo leh awood dhan 9 megawatts midkiiba, wadarta guud ee 18 megawatts. Ka dib, dhammaan lixda turbines waa la beddeli doonaa, wadarta guud ee 54 megawatts oo wax soo saar ah. Shabakadda gudbinta iyo shabakadda qaybinta ee gudaha magaalada Manono iyo Degmada Manono waxay sidoo kale u baahan doonaan dayactir.<ref name="8R">{{cite web |url=http://newsofthesouth.com/australia-bids-to-salvage-drcs-electricity-crisis/ |title=Australia waxay ku tartamaysaa inay badbaadiso dhibaatada korontada ee DRC |work=News of the South |date=16 Janaayo 2020 | author=Daniel Itai |access-date=2 Sebteembar 2021 | location=Boqortooyada Midowday}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Liiska xarumaha korontada ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] * [[Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Katende]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://www.proactiveinvestors.com.au/companies/news/957958/avz-minerals--manono-lithium-and-tin-project-on-cusp-of-reaching-bankable-status-957958.html Mashruuca Lithium iyo Tin ee Manono ee AVZ Minerals oo ku dhow inay gaaraan heerka bangiga] Laga bilaabo 18 Ogosto 2021. {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Piana-Mwanga Hydroelectric Power Station}} i19uu91x2f4iice68dlv14f97762jxm 0 48096 299695 2026-06-27T08:29:38Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Nzilo | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo#Africa#World | location_map_size = x 180 | location_map_caption = Khariidadda Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo oo muujinaysa goobta<br/>Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Nzilo | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|10|29|59|S|25|27|45|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] | location = Nzilo, [[Gobolka Lualaba]] | purpose =P | status = O | construction_began = 1950-yadii | opening = 1953 | demolished = | cost = | owner = | operator = [[Société Nationale d'Électricité]] (SNEL) | dam_type = | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Kongo]] | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation = | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = [[Harada Nzilo]] | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive = | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = 4 x 25 MW | plant_capacity = {{convert|100|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Nzilo''' ([[Luqadda Faransiiska|Faransiis]]: ''Centrale hydroélectrique de Nzilo'') waa xarun koronto oo biyaha ku shaqaysa oo shaqaynaysa oo ku taal [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]], oo leh awood lagu rakibay oo dhan {{convert|100|MW}}. Waxaa maamula shirkadda korontada ee Kongo, [[Société Nationale d'Électricité]] (SNEL).<ref name="1R">{{cite web|date=22 Diseembar 2011 |url=http://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/42626 | publisher=Global Energy Observatory |title=Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Nzilo, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo |access-date=18 Diseembar 2020 |author=Global Energy Observatory |location=Los Alamos, New Mexico, Mareykanka}}</ref> ==Goobta== Xarunta korontadu waxay ku taal [[Webiga Kongo]], ee [[Gobolka Lualaba]], ee koonfur-bari ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo, oo u dhow xadka [[Zambia]]. Goobteedu waa qiyaastii {{convert|30|km|0}}, waqooyiga magaalada [[Kolwezi]], caasimadda gobolka. Tani waa qiyaastii {{convert|282|km|0}}, waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Lubumbashi]], magaalada ugu dhow ee weyn.<ref name="2R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Lake+Nzilo,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/Lubumbashi,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/@-11.1500104,25.4773452,8z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x19775837be76b06d:0xaa2cb75f6d954593!2m2!1d25.6983424!2d-10.7109363!1m5!1m1!1s0x19723ea34874cbd9:0xa1c6f5a74f805b2f!2m2!1d27.5026174!2d-11.6876026!3e0 |title=Masaafada Wadada u dhaxaysa Harada Nzilo iyo Lubumbashi, ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo | access-date=18 Diseembar 2020}}</ref> Isku-duwayaasha juqraafiyeed ee Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Nzilo waa: 10°29'59.0"S, 25°27'45.0"E (Loolka:-10.499722; Dhigta:25.462500).<ref name="3R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/10%C2%B029'59.0%22S+25%C2%B027'45.0%22E/@-10.5002687,25.4625227,204m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-10.4997222!4d25.4625 |title=Goobta Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Nzilo |access-date=18 Diseembar 2020}}</ref> ==Guudmarka== Xaruntan korontada waxaa la dhisay 1950-yadii waxaana ganacsi ahaan loo daah-furay 1953. Biyo-xireenku wuxuu xiraa Webiga Kongo si uu u abuuro [[Harada Nzilo]]. Xarunta korontadu waxay ka kooban tahay afar turbines, mid kasta oo leh awood wax soo saar oo dhan 25 megawatts. Korontada la soo saaray waxaa lagu dhex daraa shabakada korontada qaranka, oo ay maamusho shirkadda korontada qaranka ee SNEL.<ref name="1R"/> Sababo la xiriira da'da hardware-ka, intii u dhaxaysay 2014 ilaa 2015, xarunta korontada ee Nzilo waxay martay dib-u-dayactir si loo ilaaliyo hufnaanta shaqada.<ref name="4R">{{cite web| url=https://forrestgroup.com/en/achievement/nzilo/ |date=2016 | title=Dib-u-dayactirka Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Nzilo | publisher=[[Forrest Group]] |access-date=18 Diseembar 2020 | author=Forrest Group |location=Belgium}}</ref> ==Lahaanshaha== Xarunta Korontada ee Nzilo waxaa la dhisay 1950-yadii waxaana ganacsi ahaan loo daah-furay 1953 si ay koronto u siiso [[Glencore]], oo ah shirkad macdan qodista oo [[Switzerland|Swiss]] ah, oo leh miinooyin ku yaalla Gobolka Lualaba iyo [[Gobolka Haut-Katanga]] ee ku dhow. Sannadkii 1974, SNEL, oo ah shirkadda kaliya ee korontada, gudbinta iyo qaybinta ayaa la wareegtay lahaanshaha xarunta korontada, ka dib [[digreeto madaxweyne]].<ref name="5R">{{cite web| url=https://usea.org/sites/default/files/event-/Democratic%20Republic%20of%20Congo%20Power%20Sector.pdf |title=Guudmarka Qaybta Korontada ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo | date=Febraayo 2013 |publisher=[[United States Energy Association]] |author=Alex Kadiayi |access-date=18 Diseembar 2020 | location=Washington DC, Mareykanka}}</ref><ref name="6R">{{cite web|url=https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/rising-tensions-over-hydropower-plant-ownership-congo-dr.html |title=Xiisadaha sii kordhaya ee lahaanshaha xarunta korontada biyaha ee Kongo DR |publisher=Enerdata |date=21 Maajo 2013 | author=Enerdata |access-date=18 Diseembar 2020 |location=Grenoble, Faransiis}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{stack|{{Portal|Afrika|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}}}} {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| *[[Liiska xarumaha korontada ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] *[[Liiska xarumaha korontada biyaha ee Afrika|Biyo-xireennada Korontada ee Afrika]] *[[Liiska xarumaha korontada biyaha|Biyo-xireennada Korontada ee Adduunka]] }} ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[https://www.powerengineeringint.com/renewables/democratic-republic-of-congo-and-ge-sign-energy-infrastructure-agreement/ Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo iyo GE ayaa saxiixay heshiis kaabayaasha tamarta] Laga bilaabo 13 Febraayo 2020. {{Authority control}} 3qkgr1y7ynb3w2ng2ey4y7xln93xtt7 0 48097 299699 2026-06-27T08:34:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Nseke | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo#Africa#World | location_map_size = x 180 | location_map_caption = Khariidadda Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo oo muujinaysa goobta<br/>Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Nseke | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|10|18|15|S|25|24|24|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] | location = [[Kolwezi]], [[Gobolka Lualaba]] | purpose =P | status = O | construction_began = 1950-yadii | opening = 1956 | demolished = | cost = | owner = | operator = [[Société Nationale d'Électricité]] (SNEL) | dam_type = | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Lualaba]] | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation = | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive = | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = 1956 | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = 4 x 65 MW | plant_capacity = {{convert|260|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Nseke''' ([[Luqadda Faransiiska|Faransiis]]: ''Centrale hydroélectrique de Nseke'') waa xarun koronto oo biyaha ku shaqaysa oo shaqaynaysa oo ku taal [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]], oo leh awood lagu rakibay oo dhan {{convert|260|MW}}. Waxaa maamula shirkadda korontada ee Kongo, [[Société Nationale d'Électricité]] (SNEL).<ref name="1R">{{cite web|date=22 Diseembar 2011 |url=http://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/42627 | publisher=Global Energy Observatory |title=Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Nseke, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo |access-date=17 Diseembar 2020 |author=Global Energy Observatory |location=Los Alamos, New Mexico, Mareykanka}}</ref> ==Goobta== Xarunta korontadu waxay ku taal [[Webiga Lualaba]], ee [[Gobolka Lualaba]], ee koonfur-bari ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo, oo u dhow xadka [[Zambia]]. Goobteedu waa qiyaastii {{convert|69|km|0}}, waqooyiga magaalada [[Kolwezi]], caasimadda gobolka.<ref name="2R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kolwezi,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/Nseke+Hydro+Power+Station,+Kolwezi,+Congo+-+Kinshasa/@-10.3916549,25.1609102,8.75z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1979e57971072e4f:0xa23ff3e3cd0d2277!2m2!1d25.5088914!2d-10.7275273!1m5!1m1!1s0x1979ccf3aef77021:0x1571813bc7dbc441!2m2!1d25.4057738!2d-10.3046845!3e0 |title=Masaafada Wadada u dhaxaysa Magaalada Kolwezi iyo Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Nseke |access-date=17 Diseembar 2020}}</ref> Tani waa qiyaastii {{convert|371|km|0}}, waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Lubumbashi]], magaalada ugu dhow ee weyn.<ref name="3R">{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Nseke+Hydro+Power+Station,+Kolwezi,+Congo+-+Kinshasa/Lubumbashi,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/@-10.9941209,25.3083244,8z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1979ccf3aef77021:0x1571813bc7dbc441!2m2!1d25.4057738!2d-10.3046845!1m5!1m1!1s0x19723ea34874cbd9:0xa1c6f5a74f805b2f!2m2!1d27.5026174!2d-11.6876026!3e0 |title=Masaafada Wadada u dhaxaysa Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Nseke iyo Lubumbashi, ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo |access-date=17 Diseembar 2020}}</ref> Isku-duwayaasha juqraafiyeed ee Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Nseke waa: 10°18'15.0"S, 25°24'24.0"E (Loolka:-10.304167; Dhigta:25.406667).<ref name="4R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/10%C2%B018'15.0%22S+25%C2%B024'24.0%22E/@-10.3041667,25.4066667,386m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-10.3041667!4d25.4066667 |title=Goobta Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Nseke |access-date=17 Diseembar 2020}}</ref> ==Guudmarka== Xaruntan korontada waxaa la dhisay 1950-yadii waxaana ganacsi ahaan loo daah-furay 1956. Xarunta korontadu waxay ka kooban tahay afar turbines oo [[General Electric]] ah, mid kasta oo leh awood wax soo saar oo dhan 65 megawatts. Korontada la soo saaray waxaa lagu dhex daraa shabakada korontada qaranka, oo ay maamusho shirkadda korontada qaranka ee SNEL.<ref name="1R"/> Sababo la xiriira da'da hardware-ka, waxaa jiray dadaallo lagu doonayo in lagu dayactiro oo lagu casriyeeyo hardware-ka iyo hawlaha xarunta korontada, si loo ilaaliyo hufnaanta shaqada.<ref name="5R">{{cite web| title=Koronto Lagu Kalsoonaan Karo Si Loo Kiciyo Dhaqaalaha: Oo Ku Yaalla Meel Fog oo Ku Shaqaysa Awood La Dhimay | url=https://www.ge.com/renewableenergy/stories/nseke-reliable-energy |publisher=[[General Electric]] |date=2000 | author=General Electric |access-date=17 Diseembar 2020}}</ref><ref name="6R">{{cite web| title=Alstom si ay u dayactirto 260-MW Nseke ee DR Kongo, 260-MW Cambambe ee Angola |date=20 Maarso 2009 | url=https://www.hydroreview.com/2009/03/20/alstom-to-refurbish-dr-congos-260-mw-nseke-angolas-260-mw-cambambe/ |publisher=Hydro Review |access-date=17 Diseembar 2020 |author=Hydro Review}}</ref> ==Lahaanshaha== Xarunta Korontada ee Nseke waxaa la dhisay 1950-yadii waxaana ganacsi ahaan loo daah-furay 1956 si ay koronto u siiso Générale des carrières et des mines ([[Gécamines]]) oo ah shirkad macdan qodista oo ka tirsan DR Kongo, oo leh miinooyin ku yaalla Gobolka Lualaba iyo [[Gobolka Haut-Katanga]] ee ku dhow. Sannadkii 1974, SNEL, oo ah shirkadda kaliya ee korontada, gudbinta iyo qaybinta ayaa la wareegtay lahaanshaha xarunta korontada, ka dib [[digreeto madaxweyne]].<ref name="7R">{{cite web| url=https://usea.org/sites/default/files/event-/Democratic%20Republic%20of%20Congo%20Power%20Sector.pdf |title=Guudmarka Qaybta Korontada ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo | date=Febraayo 2013 |publisher=[[United States Energy Association]] |author=Alex Kadiayi |access-date=17 Diseembar 2020 | location=Washington DC, Mareykanka}}</ref><ref name="8R">{{cite web|url=https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/rising-tensions-over-hydropower-plant-ownership-congo-dr.html |title=Xiisadaha sii kordhaya ee lahaanshaha xarunta korontada biyaha ee Kongo DR |publisher=Enerdata |date=21 Maajo 2013 | author=Enerdata |access-date=17 Diseembar 2020 |location=Grenoble, Faransiis}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{stack|{{Portal|Afrika|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}}}} {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| *[[Liiska xarumaha korontada ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] *[[Liiska xarumaha korontada biyaha ee Afrika|Biyo-xireennada Korontada ee Afrika]] *[[Liiska xarumaha korontada biyaha|Biyo-xireennada Korontada ee Adduunka]] }} ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[https://www.powerengineeringint.com/renewables/democratic-republic-of-congo-and-ge-sign-energy-infrastructure-agreement/ Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo iyo GE ayaa saxiixay heshiis kaabayaasha tamarta] Laga bilaabo 13 Febraayo 2020. {{Authority control}} l762hx7qmghg9u4nzawvmt8ee0fsl3f 0 48098 299700 2026-06-27T08:38:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Xarunta Korontada ee Mwadingusha | image = | image_caption = | name_official = | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Lufira]] | location = [[Mwadingusha]], [[Degmada Kambove]], [[Gobolka Haut-Katanga]] | dam_type = [[Biyo-xireenka cufisjiidka]] | dam_length = | dam_height = | dam_width_base = | dam_width_crest = | dam_volume = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | construction_began = 2017 | opening = 2021 | cost = | owner = | res_name = [[Harada Tshangalele]] | res_capacity_total = | res_catchment = | res_surface = {{convert|362|km2|mi2}} | res_max_depth = | plant_operator = | plant_turbines = [[Andritz AG]]: 6 x 13.05 MW | plant_capacity = {{convert|78.3|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_annual_gen = | plant_commission = 1930 iyo 2021 | plant_decommission = | location_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo#Africa#World | location_map_caption = Goobta Xarunta Korontada ee Mwadingusha <br/>'''Meelaynta khariidadda waa mid qiyaas ah''' | location_map_relief = | location_map_size = | coordinates = {{coord|10|45|08|S|27|14|38|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | website = | extra = }} '''Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Mwadingusha''', sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Xarunta Korontada ee Mwadingusha''' waa xarun koronto oo biyaha ku shaqaysa oo leh awood dhan 78.3 megawatts oo ku taal [[Webiga Lufira]] ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]]. Asal ahaan ganacsi ahaan loo daah-furay 1930, lixda matoor ee korontada ayaa la beddelay oo la casriyeeyay iyadoo midkiiba laga dhigay 11.8 MW, waxaana la gaarsiiyay 13.05 MW, taasoo kor u qaadday awoodda wax soo saarka laga bilaabo 71 MW ilaa 78.3 MW.<ref name="1R">{{cite web|date=7 Abriil 2022 |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-andritz-and-cegelec-relaunch-the-mwadingusha-hydroelectric-plant/ |title=DRC: Andritz iyo Cegelec waxay dib u daah-fureen xarunta korontada biyaha ee Mwadingusha | work=Afrik21.africa |author=Jean Marie Takouleu |access-date=8 Abriil 2022 |place=Paris, Faransiis}}</ref> Dib-u-dayactirka iyo casriyaynta xarunta korontada intii u dhaxaysay 2016 iyo 2021, waxaa fuliyay iskaashi wadajir ah oo u dhexeeya [[Ivanhoe Mines]], oo ah shirkad macdan qodista Kanada ah iyo [[Société Nationale d'Électricité]] (SNEL), oo ah shirkadda korontada qaranka ee [[parastatal]] ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo.<ref name="1R"/> Qayb ka mid ah korontada laga soo saaro halkan waxaa isticmaala Ivanhoe Mines ee ''Miinada Naxaasta ee Kamoa-Kakula'', oo qiyaastii {{convert|250|km|0}}, koonfur-galbeed ka xigta Mwadingusha HPP.<ref name="2R">{{cite web|url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/mwadingusha-hydro-plant-rehab-supports-developing-world-s-largest-copper-find-in-africa/ |title=Dib-u-dayactirka xarunta korontada biyaha ee Mwadingusha waxay taageertaa horumarinta miinada naxaasta ee ugu weyn adduunka ee Afrika | work=HydroReview.com |date=1 Sebteembar 2018 |author=Gregory Poindexter |access-date=8 Abriil 2022}}</ref> Inta kale ee korontada waxaa qaata SNEL waxaana lagu dhex daraa shabakada korontada qaranka.<ref name="1R"/> ==Goobta== Xarunta korontadu waxay jiiftaa Webiga Lufira, ee magaalada [[Mwadingusha]], [[Degmada Kambove]], [[Gobolka Haut-Katanga]], ee qaybta fog ee koonfur-bari ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo. Mwadingusha waxay ku taal qiyaastii {{convert|72|km|0}} waqooyi-bari ee [[Likasi]], oo ah magaalada weyn ee ugu dhow.<ref name="3R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Likasi,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/Mwadingusha,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/@-10.8568765,26.4243188,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x197139cec47131c1:0x95111190dd739c2b!2m2!1d26.7378585!2d-10.9884148!1m5!1m1!1s0x197400f35367fa85:0xfd68d4402789b518!2m2!1d27.2293969!2d-10.749249!3e0 |title=Masaafada Wadada u dhaxaysa Likasi, DRC iyo Mwadingusha, DRC oo leh Khariidadda |access-date=8 Abriil 2022}}</ref> Tani waa qiyaastii {{convert|120|km|0}} waqooyiga [[Lubumbashi]], caasimadda gobolka iyo magaalada weyn ee ugu dhow.<ref name="4R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Lubumbashi,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/Mwadingusha,+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo/@-11.217855,27.085782,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x19723ea34874cbd9:0xa1c6f5a74f805b2f!2m2!1d27.5026174!2d-11.6876026!1m5!1m1!1s0x197400f35367fa85:0xfd68d4402789b518!2m2!1d27.2293969!2d-10.749249!3e0 |title=Masaafada Wadada u dhaxaysa Lubumbashi, DRC iyo Mwadingusha, DRC oo leh Khariidadda |access-date=8 Abriil 2022}}</ref> ==Taariikhda== Xaruntii hore ee korontada waxaa markii ugu horreysay la daah-furay 1930-kii ''Société générale africaine d’électricité'', ''Société générale des forces hydroélectriques du Katanga'' iyo [[Union Minière du Haut-Katanga]]. Ujeedada ugu weyn waxay ahayd keenista tamarta qaybta macdan qodista ee Katanga. Khadadka korontada ee 120 iyo 50 kV ayaa isku xiray magaalooyinka macdanta [[Likasi]], [[Kolwezi]], [[Lubumbashi]] iyo xitaa [[Kipushi]].<ref>M . G. Gillon. — Distribution de l ’énergie électrique au Congo. In [https://www.kaowarsom.be/documents/BULLETINS_MEDEDELINGEN/1937-3.pdf Bulletin de Seances - Institut Royal Colonial Belge / Koninklijk Belgisch Koloniaal Instituut - BulletÏjn der Zittingen VIII-1937-3.] p.680ff</ref> Naqshaddii asalka ahayd waxaa ku jiray lix matoor, mid kasta oo lagu qiimeeyay 11.8 MW, wadarta awoodda oo dhan 71 megawatts. Ilaa 2016, SNEL iyadoo la kaashanaysa Ivanhoe Mines, waxay bilaabeen cusboonaysiinta Mwadingusha HPP, taas oo aan helin wax cusboonaysiin ah tan iyo 1930. Bilowgii, hal matoor waqti kasta, ayaa la dayactiray oo la cusboonaysiiyay.<ref name="5R">{{cite web| url=https://www.hydroreview.com/business-finance/mwadingusha-hydropower-plant-in-the-drc-is-online/ |title=Xarunta korontada biyaha ee Mwadingusha ee DRC ayaa online ah |date=13 Sebteembar 2016 | work=HydroReview.com |author=Gregory Poindexter |access-date=8 Abriil 2022}}</ref> Alaab-qeybiyaha rakibaadda korontada ee asalka ah wuxuu ahaa ''Charmilles'' ee Switzerland. Heshiiska dib-u-dayactirka ee qarnigii 21-aad, heshiiska [[injineernimada, iibsashada iyo dhismaha]] (EPC) waxaa lagu abaalmariyay [[consortium]] ka kooban [[Andritz AG]] ee Austria iyo [[Cegelec]] ee Faransiiska. Cegelec waa shirkad hoosaad ka tirsan [[Vinci SA|Vinci Energies]].<ref name="1R"/><ref name="6R">{{cite web| work=[[Andritz AG]] | url=https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hn31/mwadingusha-dr-congo |title=Tamar gudaha kaynta |date=Sebteembar 2016 | author=Andritz AG |access-date=8 Abriil 2022 | location=Graz, Austria}}</ref> Asal ahaan kaliya afar ka mid ah lixda matoor ee dhalinaya korontada ayaa loo qorsheeyay dib-u-dayactir. [[Francis turbine]]s cusub, mid kasta oo leh awood wax soo saar oo dhan 13.05 MW, ayaa la naqshadeeyay oo lagu soo saaray Yurub. Shaqadu waxay sidoo kale ku lug lahayd beddelka inta badan hardware-ka korontada ee xarunta korontada, oo ay ku jiraan valves, inverters, voltage regulators, exciters, stabilizers iyo qalab la xiriira.<ref name="6R"/> Sida shaqadu u socotay, 2017, go'aan ayaa la gaaray in lagu beddelo dhammaan lixda matoor kuwo cusub. Waqti ka dib, baaxadda shaqadu way ballaaraty ilaa Sebteembar 2021, markii dhammaan lixda turbines ee dib loo dayactiray si buuxda isku mar loogu wada-shaqeeyay shabakadda SNEL.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="7R">{{cite web| work=[[Andritz AG]] | url=https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hn35/mwandingusha-dr-congo |title=Soo celinta Tamarta La Cusboonaysiin Karo: Mwadingusha, Kongo DRC |date=Sebteembar 2021 |author=Andritz AG |access-date=8 Abriil 2022 |location=Graz, Austria}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{stack|{{Portal|Afrika|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}}}} * [[Liiska xarumaha korontada ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] * [[Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Katende]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/mwadingusha-democratic-republic-of-the-congo/ Mwadingusha HPP, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo] Laga bilaabo 15 Janaayo 2022. {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mwadingusha Hydroelectric Power Station}} n6y2omva7b2yqkhxxu4xfsr6783pk2x 0 48099 299702 2026-06-27T08:41:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Kiymbi | name_official = Barrage de la Kyimbi | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|-5.033544|28.949178|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]] | location = [[Gobolka Kivu-ta Koonfureed]] | purpose = Korontada biyaha | status = | construction_began = | opening = 1959 | demolished = | cost = | owner = | dam_type = | dam_height = {{convert|12.0|m|abbr=on}} | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_height_foundation = | dam_length = {{convert|60|m|abbr=on}} | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | dam_elevation_crest = {{convert|1652.2|m|abbr=on}} | dam_crosses = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = {{convert|75000|m3|abbr=on}} | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive = | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_elevation = | res_max_depth = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_tidal_range = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = | plant_hydraulic_head = {{convert|677|m|abbr=on}} | plant_capacity = {{convert|17,200|kW|abbr=on}} (ugu badnaan la qorsheeyay waa 44-59 MW) | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Biyo-xireenka Kiymbi''' [oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Bendera] waa biyo-xireen muhiim ah iyo xarun koronto oo laga furay webiga Kiymbi (ama Kyimbi) sannadkii 1959. Waxa uu ahaa mid dayacan oo u baahan dayactir. Hindiseyaal cusub ayaa loo qaaday si loo dayactiro biyo-xireenka. ==Webiga Kyimbi== Webiga Kyimbi wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa [[Mugandja plateau]] dherer dhan {{convert|6560|ft}}. Waxa uu leeyahay taxane biyo-dhac ah oo dhererkoodu dhan yahay {{convert|2|mi}}, iyadoo kan ugu weyn uu yahay {{convert|300|to|500|ft}} sare. Hoos u dhaca guud ee qaybtan ayaa ka badan {{convert|2500|ft}}.{{sfn|Office du tourisme|1956|p=389}} Waxay ka mid yihiin biyo-dhacyada ugu sarreeya ee qaaradda Afrika ee loo isticmaalo dhalinta korontada.{{sfn|Leenders|1960}} Xilliga abaarta, qulqulka celceliska ah waa {{convert|3|to|10|m3/s}}, laakiin wuxuu kor ugu kacaa {{convert|150|m3/s}} xilliga roobka.{{sfn|Barrage de la Kyimbi}} ==Qorshaynta== Sannadkii 1948 waxaa la sheegay in la sameeyay shirkad dhisi doonta xarun koronto oo biyaha ku shaqaysa oo ku taal webiga Kyimbi ee waqooyiga [[Gobolka Katanga|Katanga]], si ay koronto u siiso Albertville (oo hadda loo yaqaan [[Kalemie]]). Hawlgallada waxaa la filayay inay bilaabmaan 1950.{{sfn|U.S. Dept. of Commerce|1948|p=89}} Xarunta waxaa loogu talagalay in laga dhiso meel u dhow [[Bendera]].{{sfn|American University|1971|p=373}} Tani waa qiyaastii {{convert|110|km}} u jirta Albertville.{{sfn|U.S. Bureau of Foreign Commerce|1954|p=24}} Waxaa jiray dib u dhac. Warbixin sannadkii 1952 ah ayaa sheegtay in dhismaha weli la qorsheeyay.{{sfn|Electrical Times|1952|p=369}} Warbixin sannadkii 1954 ah ayaa ku sifeysay qaab-dhismeedka la qorsheeyay biyo-xireen {{convert|14.5|m}} sare oo biyo siin doona shan qaybood oo dhalinaya, mid kasta oo leh {{convert|8,250|kW|adj=on}} awood, ama {{convert|41,250|kW}} guud ahaan.{{sfn|U.S. Bureau of Foreign Commerce|1954|p=24}} Xarunta waxaa ugu dambeyntii dhistay oo maamulayay Forces de L'Est du Congo (FEC), oo ah shirkad bilowday hawlgallada 1955 si ay koronto u siiso bariga Kongo.{{sfn|U.S. Joint Publications Research Service|1970|p=239}} Waxay bilowday inay koronto ka keento laba ka mid ah shantii turbine ee la qorsheeyay 1959.{{sfn|U.S. Joint Publications Research Service|1970|p=241}} Turbines dheeraad ah ayaa la rakibi lahaa sida loogu baahdo si loo daboolo baahida.{{sfn|Leenders|1960}} Naqshadeeye Eugene Palumbo, oo ay UNESCO u xilsaartay Kongo, ayaa naqshadeeyay magaalada adeegga ee mashruuca dhismaha biyo-xireenka.{{sfn|Fullerton|1964|p=22}} ==Biyo-xireenka iyo xarunta korontada== Biyo-xireenku wuxuu ka sarreeyaa biyo-dhacyada ugu waaweyn ee Kiimbi wuxuuna ka kooban yahay qaansada la taaban karo oo dhererkeedu yahay {{convert|60|m}}, oo leh dhererka dusheeda {{convert|1652.2|m}}. Awoodda biyo-xireenku waa qiyaastii {{convert|75000|m3|acre.ft}}. Biyaha waxaa laga qaadaa biyo-xireenka jihada siman oo ay weheliyaan {{convert|1428|m}} kanaal daboolan, ama gallery, ilaa meel ka sarreysa xarunta korontada. Gallery-ku wuxuu qayb ahaan ku xiran yahay sibidh, oo leh ballac {{convert|3.5|m}} meesha uu ku xiran yahay iyo {{convert|4.5|m}} meesha uusan ku xirneyn. Gallery-ku wuxuu ku dhammaadaa qolka ciid-saarista oo dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|30|m}} iyo dhexroorkiisu yahay {{convert|7|m}} kaas oo baabi'inaya qayb kasta oo ciid ah oo ka weyn {{convert|.03|mm}} dhexroor ahaan. Ciidda waxaa loo daadshaa kanaal hoose oo loo diro webiga hoose.{{sfn|Leenders|1960}} Laga soo bilaabo haanta dhamaadka ciid-saaraha, biyaha waxaa la siiyaa xarunta korontada iyadoo la marayo dhuun qoto dheer oo dhererkeedu yahay {{convert|1400|m}} oo dhexroorkiisu hoos ugu dhacayo {{convert|1.1|to|.9|m}}. Hoos u dhaca waa qiyaastii {{convert|677|m}}. Biyaha waxay awood siiyaan turbines-ka waxaana lagu shubaa webiga hoostiisa biyo-dhacyada.{{sfn|Leenders|1960}} Xarunta korontadu waxay shaqaysay 1959 laba matoor oo 8,250 kilowatt ah, iyadoo ay suurtogal tahay in lagu daro saddex kale oo isku awood ah.{{sfn|U.S. Joint Publications Research Service|1970|p=241}} Khadka 132&nbsp;kV ayaa korontada u qaaday [[Kalemie|Albertville]].{{sfn|Leenders|1960}} ==Qorshayaasha dayactirka== [[File:Bendera HPP Kyimbi Dam 1652m.jpg|thumb|Biyo-xireenka Bendera ee webiga Kyimbi ee Gobolka Tanganyika ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo. Biyo-xireenku waa xarunta sare ee Xarunta Korontada Biyaha ee Bendera.]] Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo waxay madax-bannaaniday bishii Juun 1960.{{sfn|Fullerton|1964|p=4}} Shirkadda korontada ee gobolka, [[Société nationale d'électricité (SNEL)]], waxay diyaarisay daraasad ku saabsan dayactirka xarunta korontada ee Kiymbi 1992.{{sfn|SNC-Lavalin International|2005|p=3-2}} Warbixin 2007 loo diyaariyay [[Bangiga Adduunka]] ayaa qiimeysay dayactirka xarunta korontada. Qiyaasta aadka u qallafsan ee kharashka ka yimid daraasad "dib-u-eegis" waxay noqon doontaa US$52.06 milyan oo loogu talagalay 43 MW awood la rakibay.{{sfn|SNC-Lavalin International|2007|p=S-17}} Warbixintu waxay ku talisay in mudnaan la siiyo daraasad faahfaahsan.{{sfn|SNC-Lavalin International|2007|p=15-6}} Sannadkii 2023, shirkad British ah [Dynamis Investment Partners Ltd] ayaa la wareegtay qorshayaasha dayactirka ee xarunta korontada biyaha ee Bendera waxayna hadda wadaa daraasad suurtagal ah oo loogu talagalay mashruuca, iyadoo la kaashanaysa [[Société nationale d'électricité (SNEL)|SNEL]]. Shaqada dayactirka ayaa lagu wadaa inay bilaabato horraanta 2026, iyadoo la qorsheynayo in si weyn loo kordhiyo awoodda xarunta marka loo eego wax soo saarkeeda hadda, iyo sidoo kale horumarinta kalsoonida xarunta iyo xaaladaha shaqada. EPC Contractor, [ABC Contracting SA] oo leh xafiiska guud ee Andenne (BE) ayaa loo magacaabay shaqada. Mashruucan ayaa la filayaa inuu kordhiyo helitaanka tamarta cagaaran iyo korontada ee bulshooyinka ku nool Kalemie iyo meelaha ku xeeran xarunta korontada, taas oo kor u qaadaysa koritaanka gobolka. Hawlgalka xarunta korontada waxaa la qorsheeyay in lagu maamulo, iyada oo loo marayo heshiis kiro ah oo lala galo SNEL, shirkadda Kongo ee Bendera Hydroélectricité SARL [shirkad hoosaad u ah shirkadda fadhigeedu yahay UK ee Bendera HPP Ltd]. ==Tixraacyo== '''Citations''' {{reflist|colwidth=33em}} '''Sources''' {{refbegin|33em}} *{{cite book|ref=CITEREFAmerican_University1971 |author=American University |author2=Foreign Areas Studies Division|title=Area handbook for the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo Kinshasa). |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_l1smyrLG8C&pg=PA373|access-date=2013-04-19 |year=1971|publisher=U.S. Govt. Print. Off.}} *{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Barrage de la Kyimbi}}|url=http://www.albertville.stools.net/ph_barrage_document.htm|title=Barrage de la Kyimbi|work=Albertville.be|access-date=2013-04-19|archive-date=2009-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091204090942/http://www.albertville.stools.net/ph_barrage_document.htm|url-status=dead}} *{{cite book|author=Electrical Times|title=Electrical Times|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I68mAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA369|access-date=2013-04-19 |year=1952|publisher=Electrical Times, Limited|chapter=Work in the Congo}} *{{cite web |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001282/128246eo.pdf |last=Fullerton|first=Garry|year=1964|publisher=UNESCO|title=Unecso in the Congo|access-date=2013-04-19}} *{{cite journal |journal=L'Essor du Congo |date=30 Juun 1960 |url=http://www.albertville.stools.net/ph_barrage_document.htm |last=Leenders |first=A. |title=Notes succinctes sur l'aménagement hydro-électrique des chutes de la Kiymbi |access-date=2013-04-19 |archive-date=2009-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091204090942/http://www.albertville.stools.net/ph_barrage_document.htm |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book|author=Office du tourisme|title=Traveller's Guide to the Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PFlzAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA389|access-date=2013-04-18 |year=1956|publisher=Tourist Bureau for the Belgian Congo & Ruanda-Urundi, IIIrd Directorate, Information and Public Relations Bureau|page=389}} *{{cite web |url=http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/15486606/242119688/name/Hydro%C3%A9lectricit%C3%A9Handavukya.pdf |author=SNC-Lavalin International|title=Preliminary Evaluation of New Power Options in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo |date=Maarso 2005|access-date=2013-04-19}} *{{cite web |title=Strategic/Sectoral, Social and Environmental Assessment of Power Development Options in The Nile Equatorial Lakes Region |author=SNC-Lavalin International|publisher=The World Bank |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2007/06/11/000112742_20070611144540/Rendered/PDF/391990v20REVISED0Vol010Main0Rept.pdf |date=Febraayo 2007 |access-date=2013-04-19}} *{{cite book|author=U.S. Bureau of Foreign Commerce|title=World Trade Information Service|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pjr4HBQ1cHQC&pg=PA24|access-date=2013-04-19 |year=1954|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|page=24}} *{{cite book|ref=CITEREFU.S._Dept._of_Commerce1948 |author=U.S. Dept. of Commerce |author2=Bureau of Foreign Commerce |author3=Bureau of International Business Operations |author4=Bureau of International Programs|title=Foreign commerce weekly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cv4hAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA89|access-date=2013-04-19 |date=Janaayo 1948|publisher=U.S. Dept. of Commerce}} *{{cite book|author=U.S. Joint Publications Research Service|title=Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zFZEAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA241|access-date=2013-04-19 |year=1970|page=241}} {{refend}} {{stack|{{Portal|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo|Biyaha|Tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo}}}} jn683t8xsoc2xg24vcvqkn1whvqflyf 0 48100 299704 2026-06-27T08:50:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Inga Dams | name_official = | image = Inga04.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Biyo-xireenka Inga I, oo leh kanaalka quudinta ee Inga II oo ku yaalla dhinaca hore. | image_alt = | location_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|5|31|09|S|13|37|19|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]] | location = | status = Shaqaynaya | construction_began = Inga I: 1968<br />Inga II: | opening = Inga I: 1972<br />Inga II: 1982 | demolished = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = Inga I: 6 x 58.5 MW<br />Inga II: 8 x 178 MW | plant_capacity = Inga I: 351 MW<br />Inga II: 1,424 MW | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Biyo-xireennada Inga''' ([[Af-Faransiis]]: ''Barrages d'Inga''; [[Af-Nederland]]: ''Ingadam'') waa laba biyo-xireen oo [[koronto-biyood]] ah oo ku xiran mid ka mid ah biyo-dhacyada ugu waaweyn adduunka, ee [[Biyo-dhaca Inga]]. Waxay ku yaallaan galbeedka [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]] iyo 140 mayl koonfur-galbeed ka xigta [[Kinshasa]]. [[Biyo-dhaca Inga]] ee ku yaalla [[Webiga Kongo]] waa koox xawaare sare leh (ama biyo-dhacyo) oo hoos u mara [[Biyo-dhaca Livingstone]] iyo [[Pool Malebo]]. Webiga Kongo wuxuu hoos u dhacaa ~{{convert|96|m}} gudaha xirmooyinkan biyo-dhacyada ah. Celceliska qulqulka sanadlaha ah ee Webiga Kongo ee Biyo-dhaca Inga waa ~{{convert|42000|m3/s}}. Marka la eego heerka qulqulka iyo 96-mitir oo dhac ah, Biyo-dhaca Inga kaligiis wuxuu leeyahay awood uu ku dhaliyo ~{{convert|39.6|GW}} oo tamar farsamo ah iyo ku dhawaad tamar koronto oo la mid ah. Biyo-dhaca Inga ayaa hadda ah goobta ay ku yaallaan laba warshadood oo waaweyn oo koronto-biyood ah waxaana loo tixgelinayaa saldhig koronto-biyood oo aad uga weyn oo loo yaqaan [[Biyo-xireenka Grand Inga|Grand Inga]]. Mashruuca Grand Inga, haddii la dhammaystiro, wuxuu noqon lahaa [[Liiska saldhigyada koronto-biyoodka ee ugu waaweyn|saldhigga koronto-biyoodka ugu weyn]] adduunka. Baaxadda mashruuca hadda jira waxay ku baaqaysaa in la isticmaalo heerka qulqulka ~26,400 mitir cubic ilbiriqsikii iyada oo madaxa saafiga ah uu yahay ~150 mitir; tani waxay u dhigantaa awood dhalin oo dhan ~38.9 GW. Koronto-dhaliyahan koronto-biyoodka ah wuxuu ka badnaan lahaa laba jibaar qofka hadda haysta rikoorka adduunka, kaas oo ah [[Biyo-xireenka Saddexda Doox]] ee [[Webiga Yangtze]] ee [[Shiinaha]]. Grand Inga waa mashruuc [[Koronto-biyoodka webiga|"run-of-the-river" hydroelectric]] ah oo lagu abuuri doono kayd biyo oo yar si loo taageero awoodda qulqulka webiga. Tani waxay noqon doontaa in madaxa saafiga ah ee matoorrada koronto-biyoodka uu u dhowaan karo 150 mitir. ==Taariikh== Dowladdii gumeysiga ee Belgian-ka ayaa ka fiirsanaysay inay bilowdo waxa ay ugu yeertay "Mashruuca Inga" xilligii gumeysi-baxa ee 1959.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dhibaatooyinka Dhaqaale ee Kongo|first=Louis|last=Ameye|publisher=Royal African Society |date=4 Juun 1959}}</ref> Inga I waxaa la dhammaystiray 1972, iyo Inga II 1982.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2013/06/29/will-congo-benefit-from-grand-inga-dam/ |title=Kongo ma ka faa'iideysan doontaa Biyo-xireenka Grand Inga? |first=Rudo|last=Sanyanga |publisher=International Policy Digest |access-date=29 Juun 2013 }}</ref> === Daraasad horudhac ah === [[File:Inga-matadi.jpg|right|thumb|356x356px|Khariidadii 1890-meeyadii ee Biyo-dhaca Inga]] Awoodda koronto-biyoodka ee Webiga Kongo waxaa la aqoonsaday goor hore, xilli uu [[Imperialism|maamulka gumeysiga]] [[Scramble for Africa|ku fidayay Afrika]] oo webiyada markii ugu horreysay la xiray si loo dhaliyo koronto. Mid ka mid ah warbixinnadii hore ee ku saabsan awooddan ayaa soo maray [[United States Geological Survey]] 1921; natiijooyinkoodu waxay ku soo gabagabeeyeen in [[Dooxada Kongo]] ay gebi ahaanba haysatay "in ka badan rubuc ka mid ah awoodda biyaha ee adduunka". Marka la eego goobta Biyo-dhaca Inga gaar ahaan, tani waxaa lagu iftiimiyay afar sano ka dib askarigii Belgian-ka, xisaabiye, iyo ganacsade Kolonel [[Van Deuren]]. Wuxuu sii wadi doonaa shaqada sahaminta ee ku hareeraysan Biyo-dhaca Inga, iyo intii u dhaxaysay 1920-yadii iyo 1930-yadii waxaa jiray dhaqdhaqaaq loo qaaday daraasad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan awoodda aagga ee kooxda Syneba (1929–1939), haddana bilowgii [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] iyo kala diristii Syneba waxay meesha ka saareen horumarkii goobta.<ref name="Showers">{{cite journal|last=Showers|first=Kate B.|year=2009|title=Mashruuca koronto-biyoodka Grand Inga ee Webiga Kongo: isku xirka taariikhda deegaanka, siyaasadda iyo saameynta|journal=Water History|volume=1|issue=1|pages=31–58|doi=10.1007/s12685-009-0001-8|s2cid=161089543}}</ref> [[Atlantropa]], oo ah qorshe lagu midaynayo Yurub iyo Afrika oo uu uuraystay [[Herman Sörgel|Herman Soergel]] 1920-yadii, ayaa waxaa ka mid ahaa soo jeedin ah in la xiro Webiga Kongo. Qorshahan, biyaha waxaa loo isticmaali lahaa in lagu waraabiyo saxaraha Waqooyiga Afrika, iyo in la dhaliyo 22.5 ilaa 45 gigawatts oo koronto ah.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lehmann|first=Philipp Nicolas|date=2016-02-01|title=Awood aan xad lahayn oo lagu beddelayo adduunka: Koronto-biyoodka iyo isbeddelka cimilada ee mashruuca Atlantropa|journal=The American Historical Review|language=en|volume=121|issue=1|pages=70–100|doi=10.1093/ahr/121.1.70|issn=0002-8762|doi-access=free}}</ref> === Qorshaha Belgian-ka === In kasta oo aysan jirin horumar intii lagu jiray iyo wixii ka dambeeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, suurtagalnimada soo jiidashada leh ee uu bixiyay Biyo-dhaca Inga ayaa weli caan ku ahayd maskaxda injineerada. Buuggii 1954 ''Engineers' Dreams'' wuxuu liis gareeyay koox mashruucyo waaweyn ah oo aragti ahaan la dhammaystiri karo (oo ka mid ah [[Channel Tunnel]]-ka mustaqbalka), kii ugu weynaa waa Biyo-xireenka Inga oo abuuri lahaa haro ku fidaysa [[Saxaraha Sahara]].<ref>{{cite magazine|author=Leonard, Jonathan N.|date=30 May 1954|title=Ilaha Cusub ee Korontada|magazine=The New York Times Book Review|page=14}}</ref> Kahor madaxbannaanida Kongo, Belgian-ku weli waxay haysteen rajo ah inay dhisaan mashruuc horumarineed oo Inga ah si ay koronto u siiyaan warshadaha culus.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dhaqaalaha oo ka koraya Kongo-gii Belgian-ka|date=28 Sebtember 1957|newspaper=The New York Times|page=27}}</ref> Warshadahaas laga wada hadlay waxaa ka mid ahaa "aluminium, ferro-alloys, daaweynta macdanta, warqad, iyo warshad loogu talagalay kala soocida isotopes."<ref name="Pop">{{cite journal|author=Holz, Peter|date=Maarso 1958|title=Koronto badan oo iftiiminaysa "Afrika-dii ugu madoobayd"|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5t0DAAAAMBAJ&q=More+Power+Lights+%E2%80%9CDarkest+Africa%E2%80%9D|journal=Popular Mechanics|volume=109|issue=3|page=232}}</ref> Aragtidooda, ugu yaraan si dadweyne ah, waxay ahayd mid geesinnimo leh, iyadoo hal maamul uu barbar dhigay horumarinta warshadaha ee Kongo iyo [[Ruhr]]-ta [[Jarmalka]].<ref name="Pop" /> Waxaa jiray xiriir muhiim ah oo Mareykan ah oo la xiriira mashruuca qaabkii [[Clarence E. Blee]], mid ka mid ah shan ajnabi oo ka mid ahaa 10-qof oo daraasad ku sameeyay goobta Inga 1957 iyo injineerka ugu sarreeya ee Mareykanka ee korontada iyo horumarinta warshadaha federaalka, [[Tennessee Valley Authority]].<ref name="Pop" /> Daraasaddan ayaa door dhexe ka ciyaari doonta ku qancinta maamulka Belgian-ka inay dhaqaajiyaan biyo-xireenka Inga. Mashruuc Inga ah, oo si dabacsan loo sheegay inuu ka kooban yahay "taxane saldhigyo koronto iyo biyo-xireenno", ayaa ugu dambeyntii waxaa ansixiyay Golaha Wasiirada Belgian-ka 13 Noofambar 1957, waxaana la qorsheeyay in la abuuro koox si ay u daraasayso isticmaalka suurtagalka ah ee korontada mashruuca iyo siyaabaha loo maalgelin karo. Qorshaha Golaha Wasiirada ayaa wakhtigaas lagu qiyaasay inuu ku kacayo [[US$]]3.16 bilyan waxaana la filayay inuu dhaliyo 25,000 MW.<ref>{{cite news|title=Qorshaha Kongo oo la ansixiyay|date=14 Noofambar 1957|newspaper=The New York Times|page=18}}</ref> Warbixin ka soo baxday dabayaaqadii Abriil 1958 ayaa sheegtay in shaqada qodista la filayo inay bilaabato badhtamaha sanadka, iyadoo 1964/1965 uu yahay sanadka loo qorsheeyay in marxaladda koowaad la dhammaystiro. Qorshayaashu waxay ugu baaqayeen saddex marxaladood oo dhismo ah, laga bilaabo warshad 1,500 MW ah oo qiimaheedu yahay $320 milyan, ka dibna laba jibaar awooddaas, iyo ugu dambeyntii 25,000 MW oo asal ahaan la ansixiyay. Horumarinta warshadaha ayaa horay u socon doona, iyadoo ay caawisay qiimaha bilowga ah ee $0.002 halkii kwh, iyadoo la soo saarayo 500,000 oo tan oo aluminium ah dhismaha warshaddii ugu horreysay iyo ugu dambeyntii ujeeddadeedu tahay yoolka wax-soo-saarka ugu dambeeya oo lix jeer ka badan. Dallad caalami ah oo la yiraahdo Aluminga, oo ka kooban dhowr shirkadood oo Yurub iyo Waqooyiga Ameerika ah, ayaa durba abaabulaysay inay tan xaqiijiso. Maalgelintu waxay ahayd arrin, gaar ahaan markii Belgian-ku ay ogaadeen inaysan keligood ku dhammaystiri karin mashruuc noocaas ah. Maalgashadayaasha suurtagalka ah ee ay saxaafaddu soo xigatay waxaa ka mid ahaa [[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]] iyo [[European Investment Bank]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Belgium oo ku degdegaysa mashruuc koronto oo weyn oo Webiga Kongo ah|author=Waggoner, Walter H.|date=26 Abriil 1958|newspaper=The New York Times|page=24}}</ref> Bishii Febraayo 1959 koox ka mid ah maalgashadayaasha caanka ah ee Mareykanka oo uu ku jiro [[David Rockefeller]] ayaa booqday Biyo-dhaca Inga,<ref>{{cite news|title=Bangiyada Mareykanka oo eegaya mashruuca Kongo|author=Bracker, Milton|date=11 Febraayo 1959|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> in kasta oo dhismaha si joogto ah looga riixayay qiyaasaha asalka ah, ka dibna loo qorsheeyay 1961 ama wixii ka dambeeya.<ref>{{cite news|title=Warshaddii Kongo-gii Belgian-ka oo dib u dhacday|date=7 Abriil 1959|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> Madaxbannaanida Kongo ee ka timid Belgium si lama filaan ah ugama tirtirin muhiimadda horumarinta Inga. Maamulka Belgian-ka ayaa weli riixayay mashruuca iyagoo kala hadlaya madaxbannaanida wafdiga Kongo, iyadoo Wasiir [[Raymond Scheyven]] uu soo jeediyay shirkad wadajir ah oo Kongo-Belgian ah oo maalgelin lahayd biyo-xireenka Inga. Tani ma ahayn fikrad yar, laakiin mashruuca ugu weyn ee qorshe horumarineed oo shan sano ah oo Kongo ah oo uu soo jeediyay.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kongo oo looga digay dhaqaalaheeda|author=Gilroy, Harry|date=17 Febraayo 1960|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> Taladaas uma muuqan in la adeecay, maadaama Ra'iisul Wasaaraha cusub ee la doortay [[Patrice Lumumba]] uu saxiixay qandaraas konton sano ah oo la leh Shirkadda Maamulka Caalamiga ah ee Kongo ee fadhigeedu yahay Wall Street si loo horumariyo Kongo 22 Luulyo 1960, iyadoo mashruuca Inga iyo wax-soo-saarka aluminiumka ee la xiriira ay safka hore kaga jiraan liiska.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kongo oo la saxiixatay heshiis shirkad Mareykan ah si ay u isticmaasho kheyraadka|author=Tanner, Henry|date=23 Luulyo 1960|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> RW Lumumba ayaa markii dambe dib u laabtay oo sheegtay in heshiisku uu ahaa "kaliya heshiis mabda'a ah",<ref>{{cite magazine|date=8 Agoosto 1960|title=KONGO: Xagee dagaalku ka dhacayaa?|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,869737,00.html|magazine=Time|access-date=19 Noofambar 2009}}</ref> laakiin si kasta oo uu u xilka ka qaaday Taliyaha Ciidanka [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] wax ka yar laba bilood ka dib. === Inga I iyo Inga II === [[File:Inga003.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|Xarunta Inga I]] In kasta oo ay jirtay [[Dhibaatada Kongo|xilligii xasillooni darrada]], kacdoonnadii, iyo faragelintii Qaramada Midoobay ee qeybtii hore ee 1960-meeyadii, taasi kama yareyn rajada hoggaamiyeyaasha ee ah inay ka faa'iideystaan qulqulka Webiga Kongo. Burburkii ka dhashay bixitaankii Belgian-ka iyo qulqulatooyinkii xigay ayaa ka soo baxay Mobutu Sésé Seko, oo awood buuxda la wareegay Noofambar 1965 kaas oo ahaan lahaa madaxweynaha kali-taliska ah ee Kongo ilaa Maajo 1997. Waxay ahayd intii uu xukunka hayay in mashaariicdii ugu horreysay ee ilaa hadda kaliya la dhisay si koronto looga dhaliyo Biyo-dhaca Inga. Inga I wuxuu ahaa mashruucii ugu horreeyay ee la dhammaystiro. Daraasad la xiriirta suurtagalnimada ayaa waxaa fulisay shirkadda Talyaaniga ee SICAI 1963, taas oo ku talisay in biyo-xireenku uu taageero warshadaha gudaha halkii laga eegi lahaa warshadaha loo dhoofiyo dibadda.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/risedeclineofzai0000youn|title=Kor u kaca iyo hoos u dhaca Gobolka Zairian|author=Young, Crawford|author2=Turner, Thomas|publisher=The University of Wisconsin Press|year=1985|place=Madison|pages=[https://archive.org/details/risedeclineofzai0000youn/page/298 298–301]|isbn=9780299101138 }}</ref> Inta badan waxaa maalgelisay dowladda, dhismaha wuxuu dhacay 1968 ilaa 1972, isagoo ka tagay warshad lix turbine ah oo dhalinaysa 351 MW.<ref name="IntRivers2">{{cite web|url=http://www.internationalrivers.org/en/node/2877|title=Biyo-xireennada Inga 1 iyo Inga 2|publisher=International Rivers|access-date=19 Noofambar 2009}}</ref> Korontadan waxaa inta badan la siiyay aagagga dadku deggan yihiin ee ku hareeraysan iyo kuwa hoose; beddelkeedu wuxuu ahaa si cad u loogu talagalay hawlaha macdanta ee koonfurta. Inga II wuxuu ahaa mashruucii labaad ee koronto ee laga dhisay goobta koonfurta ka xigta Inga I. Xitaa kaliya siddeed turbine, waxaa loo dhisay inay soo saarto 1,424 MW, waxaana la dhammaystiray toban sano ka dib Inga I.<ref name="IntRivers2"/> === Khadka korontada ee Inga-Shaba === {{main|Inga-Shaba}} Si loo isku xiro awoodda dhalinta korontada ee Inga iyo [[Soosaarista naxaasta|naxaasta]] iyo [[cobalt]]-ta ku yaalla meel u dhow xadka [[Zambia]] ee [[Gobolka Shaba]] (hadda Katanga), mashruuc cusub ayaa ujeedadiisu ahayd in la dhiso khad koronto oo ugu dheer ee [[high-voltage direct current]] ee jirta, iyadoo la dhaafayo bulshooyinka maxalliga ah oo loogu beddelayo [[alternating current]] meeshii ay ugu dambeyntii u socdeen. Kooxaha kala duwan ee ku lug lahaa waxay lahaayeen ajandayaal dhaqaale iyo kuwo siyaasadeed; halka maalgashadayaasha reer galbeedka iyo dowladda Kongo ay rabeen inay taageeraan macdanta Shaba intii lagu jiray muddo qiimaha naxaasta kor loo qaaday, dowladda waxay sidoo kale rabtay inay xoojiso awooddeeda gobolka koonfureed ee gooni-u-goosadka ah, iyo reer galbeedku waxay xiisaynayeen inay arkaan Kongo oo si adag ugu jirta xero-ka-soo-horjeedka shuuciga. Qiimaha mashruuca ayaa si joogto ah kor loogu qaaday, iyadoo ugu dambeyntii gaartay $500 milyan oo ka badan miisaaniyadda. Isku dar ah kooxaha gaarka loo leeyahay iyo kuwa dadweynaha ayaa bixiyay maalgelinta, gaar ahaan [[Citibank]], [[Manufacturers Hanover Trust]], iyo [[U.S. Export-Import Bank]], waxayna ahayd shirkadda caanka ah ee [[Boise, Idaho]]-fadhigeedu yahay, [[Morrison-Knudsen]], oo qandaraas lagu siiyay inay qabato shaqada.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mobuto oo sare u kacaya, Laakiin waxaa la kiciyay suurtagalnimada dagaal guri|last=Randa|first=Jonathan C.|date=28 Abriil 1977|newspaper=The Washington Post|page=A26}}</ref><ref name="TaleofTwo">{{cite news|title=Sheeko laba mashruuc: Hal guuleyste, hal guuldareyste|last=Ross|first=Jay|date=25 Abriil 1982|newspaper=The Washington Post|page=C5}}</ref> 1980-kii, kharashka khadka korontada ee Inga-Shaba wuxuu wadar ahaan gaaray 24% daynta Kongo, taas oo ay weheliso musuqmaasuq, kharashyo kale oo qashin ah, iyo go'aan qaadasho xumo, waxay keentay dhibaato dayn iyo faragelinta khubarada shisheeye.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mobutu oo dammaanad u dhigaya mustaqbalka qaranka|last=Dash|first=Leon|date=1 Janaayo 1980|newspaper=The Washington Post|page=A1}}</ref> Sida 1999-kii, Kongo weli waxay ku lahayd U.S. Export-Import Bank in ka badan $900 milyan, taasoo ka tagtay cashuur bixiyeyaasha Mareykanka iyagoon la bixin.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dibadda ee guriga: Bulshada Arrimaha Dibadda – Ex-Im Bank oo ujeeddadiisu tahay inay wax badan ka qabato Afrika|last=Mufson|first=Steven|date=16 Diseembar 1999|newspaper=The Washington Post|page=A37}}</ref> Sida khadka Inga-Shaba uu u soo dhowaanayay dhammaystirka horraantii 1980-meeyadii, maqaallo badan oo wararka ah ayaa quudhsasho u shubay mashruuca. Mid ka mid ah ''[[Washington Post]]'' ayaa is barbar dhigay guuldaradiisa iyo mashruuc guulaystay oo [[Peace Corps]] ah si loo horumariyo cuntada Kongo, isagoo xusay in, "mashruuca weyn uu ilaa hadda u soo baxay inuu noqdo maroodi cad, halka dadaalka kalluun-dhaqashada ee hooseeya uu durba sameeyay horumar muuqda nolosha dhowr kun oo qof muddo la mid ah."<ref name="TaleofTwo" /> [[Gécamines]], oo ah shirkadda macdanta ee dowladda ee Shaba oo la aasaasay 1906-dii Belgian-ka, ayaa ku dambeysay inay weli inta badan isticmaasho koronto-biyoodka ay keenaan maxalliga ah, sidaas darteed khadka Inga-Shaba wuxuu isku arkay inuu isticmaalayo kaliya saddex meelood meel awoodda. Intaa waxaa dheer, qaab-dhismeedka laftiisa ayaa la xumeeyay maadaama dadka maxalliga ah ay u isticmaaleen biraha biraha baahidooda guriga.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/eastalongequator00wint|title=Bariga oo la socda dhulbaraha: Safar kor u kaca Kongo iyo gudaha Zaire|author=Winternitz, Helen|publisher=Atlantic Monthly Press|year=1987|place=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/eastalongequator00wint/page/175 175]|isbn=9780871131621 }}</ref> ==Biyo-xireennada hadda== [[File:Inga 2006.svg|thumb|right|Mashruucyada biyo-xireenka Inga, sida 2006.]] Laba biyo-xireen oo koronto-biyood, Inga I iyo Inga II, ayaa hadda ku shaqeeya wax soo saar hooseeya. Inga I waxay leedahay awood wadar ahaan la rakibay oo dhan 351 [[Watt#Megawatt|MW]] iyo Inga II waxay leedahay 1424 MW.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.internationalrivers.org/africa/grand-inga-dam-dr-congo/inga-1-and-inga-2-dams|title=Biyo-xireennada Inga 1 iyo Inga 2|website=International Rivers|access-date=2 Janaayo 2015}}</ref> Waxaa la dhisay intii lagu jiray madaxweynihii hore [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] iyadoo qayb ka ah mashruuca [[Inga–Shaba]]. === Dib-u-soo-celinta === DRC waxay la kulantay dhibaatada dib-u-soo-celinta labada biyo-xireen ee hadda jira, kuwaas oo dayacmay oo ku shaqeeya aad uga hooseeya awooddii asalka ahayd qiyaastii 40%, ama wax yar ka badan 700 MW wadar ahaan.<ref name="IntRivers2"/> Maajo 2001 Siemens ayaa la soo weriyay inay gorgortan kula jirto dowladda oo ku saabsan iskaashi bilyan-dollar ah oo ku lug yeelan doona soo celinta iyo casriyeynta shabakadda korontada ee DRC, oo ay ku jirto dib-u-soo-celinta labada saldhig ee korontada Inga ee jira,<ref>{{cite news|title=Siemens oo qorsheynaysa inay $1 bilyan ku maalgeliso shabakadda elektiroonigga ee RDC|date=24 Maajo 2001|publisher=European Report}}</ref> in kasta oo shaqadii la dib u dhigay.<ref>{{cite news|title=Qorshayaal Waaweyn oo Kongo ah|date=3 Febraayo 2004|publisher=IT Week}}</ref> Badhtamihii 2003-dii waxaa sidoo kale jiray warbixin sheegaysa in [[Bangiga Adduunka]] uu la saxiixday qandaraas $450 milyan ah [[Siemens]] si loo horumariyo qaybinta biyaha iyo korontada ee DRC, oo ay ku jirto dib-u-soo-celinta labada mashruuc ee Inga (oo la soo weriyay wakhtigaas inay ku shaqeeyaan 30% awoodda) iyo khad koronto oo labaad oo ka imanaya Inga ilaa caasimadda.<ref>{{cite news|title=Siemens oo calaamadeynaysa mashruuca weyn ee DRC|last=Misser|first=Francois|date=1 Juun 2003|publisher=African Business}}</ref> Ma cadda waxa dhacay ee la xiriira qandaraasyadan. Si gooni ah bishii Maajo 2005 shirkadda Canadian-ka [[MagEnergy]] ayaa la saxiixatay heshiis SNEL si ay u soo celiso qaar ka mid ah matoorrada Inga II, iyadoo yoolka dhammaystirka uu yahay 2009.<ref>{{cite news|title=MagEnergy oo gabagabaysay heshiiska dib-u-soo-celinta Inga II|date=31 Maajo 2005|publisher=Marketwire}}</ref> Shaqada dhabta ah ee lagu soo celinayo Inga II ayaa ugu dambeyntii bilaabatay 27 Abriil 2006, wax ka yar hal sano ka dib heshiiskii bilowga ahaa ee lala saxiixday MagEnergy.<ref>{{cite news|title=MagEnergy oo ku dhawaaqday bilowga barnaamijka shaqada ee warshadda koronto-biyoodka Inga II|date=1 Maajo 2006|publisher=Marketwire}}</ref> Marxaladdan koowaad, oo ku lug lahayd hagaajinta hal 168 MW turbine iyo shaqo kale oo hagaajin degdeg ah, ayaa la soo weriyay 90% in la dhammaystiray Abriil 2009, iyo marxaladda labaad (afar matoor oo kale) waxaa lagu qiyaasay inay qaadan doonto shan sano oo kale.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hydroworld.com/index/display/article-display/5902182322/articles/hrhrw/hydroindustrynews/rehabilitationandrepair/MagEnergy_nears_completion_of_unit_rehab_at_DR_Congos_1424-MW_Inga_2.html|title=MagEnergy oo u dhow dhammaystirka dib-u-soo-celinta unugga ee 1,424-MW Inga 2 ee DR Kongo|date=20 Abriil 2009|access-date=22 Noofambar 2009|publisher=Hydroworld.com}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira shaki ku saabsan in dowladdu aqbasho ansaxnimada qandaraaska, iyo inta lagu jiro waqtigaas shirkadda Canadian-ka [[First Quantum]] ayaa loo shaqaaleysiiyay inay soo celiso laba matoor oo Inga II oo kala duwan.<ref>{{cite news|title=Qof kastaa wuxuu ku xiraa Inga|date=11 Febraayo 2009|publisher=Africa Energy Intelligence}}</ref> Si loo fuliyo dayactirka, SNEL waxay heshay maalgelin ka timid Mashruuca Horumarinta Suuqyada Korontada Gobolka iyo Gudaha, kaas oo laftiisa ay taageerayaan Bangiga Adduunka, [[Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika]], iyo European Investment Bank.<ref name="IntRivers2" /> Bishii Agoosto 2021, warbixinnada warbaahinta ayaa muujiyay in [[Société Nationale d'Électricité]] (Snel), shirkadda korontada qaranka ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo iyo ''Ivanhoe Mines Energy DRC'', oo ah shirkad hoos timaada [[conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] macdanta ee Canadian-ka, [[Ivanhoe Mines]], ay ku heshiiyeen in kan dambe uu soo celiyo turbine nambar 5 ee saldhigga korontada Inga II oo leh siddeed turbine. Tani waxay siin doontaa 162 megawatts oo ay isticmaali doonto ''Kamoa-Kakula Copper Mine'', oo u dhow magaalada [[Kolwezi]], ee [[Gobolka Lualaba]], koonfurta DRC. Shaqadu waxay ku lug yeelan doontaa dib-u-soo-celinta ''Khadka Gudbinta Korontada ee Inga–Kolwezi''.<ref name="RehabR5">{{cite web| url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/drc-inga-ii-hydroelectric-plant-to-power-kamoa-kakula-copper-mine/ |title=DRC: Warshadda koronto-biyoodka Inga II si ay u siiso koronto macdanta naxaasta ee Kamoa-Kakula |date=25 Agoosto 2021 |work=Afrik21.africa |author=Jean Marie Takouleu | access-date=11 Sebtember 2021 |location=Paris, France}}</ref> ==Qorshayaasha ballaarinta== [[File:Inga 2006-projet.svg|thumb|right|Saadaasha rasmiga ah ee Inga III iyo Grand Inga, sida 2006.]] Waxaa jira qorshayaal ballaarin ah oo lagu abuurayo biyo-xireen saddexaad oo Inga ah, Inga III. Saadaashu waxay muujinaysaa in mar la dhammaystiro, Inga III ay dhalin doonto 4,500 [[watt#Megawatt|MW]] oo koronto ah. Inga III waa xarunta iskaashiga [[Western Power Corridor|Westcor]] kaas oo odorosa isku xirka shabakadaha korontada ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]] (DRC), [[Namibia]], [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], iyo [[Koonfur Afrika]]. [[Bangiga Adduunka]], [[Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika]], [[European Investment Bank]], deeq-bixiyeyaasha labada dhinac, iyo shirkadaha korontada ee koonfurta Afrika, ayaa dhammaantood muujiyay xiisaha ay u qabaan raacitaanka mashruuca kaas oo lagu qiyaasay inuu ku kacayo US$80 bilyan. Mid ka mid ah taageeraha xamaasadda leh ee horumarinta Inga ayaa ahaa [[Koonfur Afrika]]. Luulyo 1999, Madaxweynihii cusub ee Koonfur Afrika [[Thabo Mbeki]] ayaa khudbad u jeediyay [[Organisation of African Unity]], isagoo iftiiminaya horumarinta Biyo-dhaca Inga ee koronto-biyoodka tusaale ahaan horumarinta lagama maarmaanka ah ee kaabayaasha dhaqaale ee Afrika.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/podium-the-globalisation-of-africa-1107512.html|title=Podium: Caalamiyeynta Afrika|last=Mbeki|first=Thabo|date=20 Luulyo 1999|newspaper=The Independent|access-date=17 Noofambar 2009|location=London}}</ref> Shirkadda dadweynaha ee Koonfur Afrika [[Eskom]], Inga waxay ku habboonaatay qorshe ballaaran oo lagu beddelayo shabakad Afrikaan ah oo isku xiran awood koronto-dhoofin ah, ugu dambeyntii sahayda Yurub iyo Bariga Dhexe.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2307057.stm|title=Qorshayaasha dhoofinta korontada ee waaweyn ee Afrika|last=Hale|first=Briony|date=17 Oktoobar 2002|work=BBC News|access-date=17 Noofambar 2009}}</ref> 2002 Inga waxaa iftiimiyay [[New Partnership for Africa's Development]] (NEPAD) ee AU<ref>{{cite news|title=Hadalka Adag, Soo jiidashada ayaa qaadata maalinta NEPAD|date=13 Juun 2002|work=All Africa}}</ref> iyo Eskom waxaa la soo weriyay inay baarayso $6 bilyan oo nooca run-of-the-river mashruuca Inga kaas oo ay horumarin doonaan Eskom iyo [[Hydro-Québec]]- hogaamiyay dallad shirkadaha adeegga qaranka.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mashruuca Sirta ah ee Eskom|date=19 Maajo 2002|publisher=Africa Energy Intelligence}}</ref> Dallad noocaas ah, oo loo bixiyay [[Western Power Corridor]] (Westcor) ayaa ugu dambeyntii la abaabulay Febraayo 2003. Iyadoo ku lug leh shan ka mid ah shirkadaha adeegga waaweyn ee gobolka (Eskom, SNEL, Angola's [[Empresa Nacional de Electricidade]], Namibia's [[NamPower]], iyo [[Botswana Power Corporation]]) waxay saadaalisay kharashyada bilowga ah $1.5 bilyan iyo dhismaha ugu dambeyntii 44,000 MW run-of-the-river mashruuca.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dallad Pan African ah oo loogu talagalay Inga|date=19 Febraayo 2003|publisher=Africa Energy Intelligence}}</ref> Heshiis is-afgarad ah oo loogu talagalay Westcor ayaa ugu dambeyntii la saxiixay 22 Oktoobar 2004, dhismaha 3,400 MW Inga III.<ref>{{cite news|title=Afrika waxay qorshaynaysaa koronto-dhaliye cusub oo Kongo ah, waxay raadinaysaa maalgelin|author=Thomson, Alistair|date=22 Oktoobar 2004|agency=Reuters}}</ref> Febraayo ku xigtay Eskom waxay daah-furtay $50 bilyan oo cusub oo run-of-the-river qorshe ah.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/feb/25/congo.jeevanvasagar|title=Qorshe $50bn ah oo lagu xakameynayo webigan xoogga badan ma keeni karaa koronto dhammaan Afrika?|author=Vasagar, Jeevan|date=25 Febraayo 2005|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=17 Noofambar 2009|location=London}}</ref> Sebtember 2005 heshiis saamilay ah oo loogu talagalay Westcor ayaa la saxiixay, iyadoo la siinayo xisbi kasta 20%.<ref>{{cite news|title=Heshiis Taariikhi ah oo lagu qancinayo baahiyaha korontada ee gobolka|date=8 Sebtember 2005|work=All Africa}}</ref> DRC waxay u muuqatay inay ka guurayso habka horumarinta gobolka ee uu bixiyay Westcor oo halkii ay ka maamuli lahayd dhismaha Inga III keligeed. Juun 2009 waxay furtay qandaraas-bixin $7 bilyan, 4320 MW Inga III mashruuca.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/fundsNews/idINLJ8022720090619|title=Kongo waxay furtay qandaraas-bixin loogu talagalay maalgashadayaasha biyo-xireenka Inga 3|date=19 Juun 2009|work=Reuters|access-date=17 Noofambar 2009}}</ref> Isagoo diidaya Westcor, DRC waxay dooratay [[BHP]], taas oo ujeeddadeedu ahayd inay isticmaasho 2,000 MW nafteeda, gaar ahaan [[aluminum smelter]]. 2017 soo jeedinta waxay ahayd biyo-xireen 10–12 GW ah, kor uga kacay 4.8 GW qorshayaashii hore, iyadoo suurtagalnimada dhammaystirka ay tahay goor uun ka dib 2024.<ref name=":0" /> Oktoobar 2018, dowladda DRC waxay ku dhawaaqday saxiixa qandaraasyada lala galay dallad Sino-Spanish ah si loo bilaabo daraasaadka naqshadaynta dhismaha biyo-xireenka Inga III oo leh 11,000 MW iyo qiimo wadar ahaan ah $14 bilyan. Shirkadaha ugu waaweyn ee dalladdu waxay ahaayeen [[China Three Gorges Corporation]], [[Sinohydro]] iyo [[ACS Group]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Inga 3: Qandaraas horumarineed oo gaar ah oo loogu talagalay shirkadaha Shiinaha iyo Yurub|url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/resources/press-statement-inga-3-an-exclusive-development-deal-for-chinese-and-european-companies|access-date=2020-06-19|website=International Rivers|date=17 Oktoobar 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Iyadoo qorshayaasha dhismaha ee marxaladda III la soo weriyay inay ku jiraan wadadii saxda ahayd dabayaaqadii 2019,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Emmalogo555|date=2019-11-05|title=Dhismaha biyo-xireenka Grand Inga ee US$14bn ee Kongo oo ku jira wadada saxda ah|url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/2019/11/construction-of-us-14bn-grand-inga-dam-in-congo-on-track/|access-date=2020-01-31|website=Construction Review Online|language=en-US}}</ref> xubin weyn oo suurtagal ah oo ka mid ah dalladda dhismaha, shirkadda Spanish-ka [[ACS Group]], ayaa ka baxday Janaayo 2020, iyadoo ka tagtay hubaal la'aan lammaanaha Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka ee hartay.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-24|title=Biyo-xireenka weyn ee DRC ee Inga III: shirkadda Spanish-ka ACS oo tuurtay tuwaalka|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/22572/drcs-giant-inga-iii-dam-spanish-firm-acs-throws-in-the-towel/|access-date=2020-01-31|website=The Africa Report.com|language=en-US}}</ref> === Grand Inga === [[Biyo-xireenka Grand Inga]], haddii uu ka faa'iideysto inta badan awoodda webiga, wuxuu dhalin karaa ilaa 39,000 MW{{spaced ndash}}waxaana uu si weyn u kordhin karaa tamarta la heli karo ee qaaradda Afrika iyadoo qiimaheedu yahay in ka badan $80 bilyan. Isku xirka Inga iyo shabakad koronto oo qaaradda oo dhan ah oo loogu talagalay xarumaha dadweynaha ee ugu waaweyn waxay ku kacaysaa $10 bilyan oo kale (qiyaastii 2000), waxayna noqon lahayd mashruuca koronto-biyoodka ee ugu weyn adduunka. Dadka dhaliila waxay ku doodeen in qaddarka badan ee lacagta ah ee looga baahan yahay mashruuca ay ka wanaagsan tahay in lagu bixiyo mashruucyo tamar oo miisaan yar, maxalli ah oo si fiican u dabooli lahaa baahiyaha inta badan dadka saboolka ah ee Afrika. Daraasad ka socota Jaamacadda Oxford ayaa taageeraysa habkan taxaddarka leh iyadoo la muujinayo in celceliska kharashka kor u kaca ee 245 biyo-xireenno waaweyn oo ka mid ah 65 waddan oo ku yaalla lix qaaradood ay tahay 96% marka la eego dhabta ah.<ref>{{cite web|ssrn=2406852 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2406852|title=Ma dhisnaa biyo-xireenno waaweyn oo kale? Kharashyada dhabta ah ee Horumarinta Mashruuca Tamarta Biyaha|date=10 Maarso 2014 |publisher=Papers.ssrn.com |last1=Ansar |first1=Atif |last2=Flyvbjerg |first2=Bent |last3=Budzier |first3=Alexander |last4=Lunn |first4=Daniel }}</ref> [[New Partnership for Africa's Development]], iyadoo ay si weyn uga qayb qaadanayso shirkadda korontada ee Koonfur Afrika ESKOM, ayaa soo jeedisay 2003 inay bilowdo mashruuca Grand Inga 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=47261 |title=IRIN Africa &#124; SOUTHERN AFRICA: Warshad cusub oo keenta korontada gobolka socodka &#124; SOUTHERN AFRICA &#124; Dhaqaale &#124; Deegaan &#124; Kale |publisher=Irinnews.org |date=14 Noofambar 2003 |access-date=15 Sebtember 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinafrica.net/energy_in_africa/323662.htm |title=businessinafrica.net |publisher=businessinafrica.net |access-date=15 Sebtember 2013 }}</ref> Marka la eego awoodda la rakibay ee 39,000 MW, Biyo-xireenka Grand Inga kaligiis wuxuu soo saari karaa 250 TWh sanadkiiba, ama wadar ahaan 370 TWh sanadkiiba goobta oo dhan. Marka la barbar dhigo, 2024 wax-soo-saarka korontada ee Kongo wuxuu ahaa 13.6 TWh.<ref>{{cite news |title=DR Kongo: Wax-soo-saarka Korontada oo sii kordhaya laakiin arrimaha muhiimka ah ayaa weli jira |url=https://bankable.africa/en/news/0204-987-dr-congo-power-output-keeps-rising-but-key-issues-remain |access-date=3 Sebtember 2025 |agency=Bankable.Africa |date=2 Abriil 2025}}</ref> 2005, wax-soo-saarka korontada ee Afrika sanadkiiba wuxuu ahaa 550 TWh (600 kWh qofkiiba). Mashruuca ayaa la filayaa inuu ka sarreeyo [[United States Dollar|US$]]100 bilyan oo wadarta kharashyada horumarinta.<ref name="IR-1">[http://www.internationalrivers.org/en/node/345 Biyo-xireenka Grand Inga]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mgafrica.com/article/2016-05-07-dr-congo-moves-to-build-100-billion-grand-inga-dam-to-pick-phase-1-contractor-by-august|title=DR Kongo waxay u guurtay inay dhisto $100 bilyan oo Grand Inga biyo-xireenka, si ay u soo qaadato qandaraaslaha marxaladda 1-aad marka la gaaro Agoosto|last1=Hill|first1=Matthew|last2=Wilson|first2=Tom|date=7 Maajo 2016|website=mgafrica.com|publisher=[[Mail & Guardian]]|access-date=27 Agoosto 2016}}</ref> Maajo 2016 dhismaha wuxuu u ekaa sida haddii uu bilaabi doono dhowr bilood gudahood.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/may/28/construction-of-worlds-largest-dam-in-dr-congo-could-begin-within-months|title=Dhismaha biyo-xireenka ugu weyn adduunka ee DR Kongo wuxuu bilaabi karaa bilo gudahood|last1=John|first1=Vidal|date=28 Maajo 2016|website=theguardian.com|access-date=27 Agoosto 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/jun/23/a-grand-plan-to-electrify-congo-and-africa/|title=Qorshe weyn oo lagu korontaynayo Kongo iyo Afrika|last1=Tim|first1=Cashion|date=23 Juun 2016|website=The Washington Times|access-date=27 Agoosto 2016}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Luulyo 2016 [[Bangiga Adduunka]] ayaa kala baxay maalgelintiisii ka dib khilaafaadka ku saabsan mashruuca in kasta oo heshiisyada iibsiga korontada ay ka yimaadeen Koonfur Afrika iyo shirkadaha macdanta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalconstructionreview.com/news/dr-congos-inga-3-dam-double-size-12gw/|title=GCR - Wararka - Biyo-xireenka Inga 3 ee DR Kongo si uu u laba jibaaro xajmiga ilaa 12GW|website=globalconstructionreview.com|date=13 Luulyo 2017 |access-date=2017-09-17}}</ref> Deeqda marxaladda koowaad waxay wadar ahaan noqon lahayd US$73.1 milyan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africanews.com/2016/07/26/world-bank-suspends-funding-for-dr-congo-s-inga-3-power-project/|title=Bangiga Adduunka ayaa hakiyay maalgelinta mashruuca korontada Inga 3 ee DR Kongo|date=26 Luulyo 2016|website=africanews.com|publisher=Africanews|access-date=27 Agoosto 2016}}</ref> Qaar ka mid ah kormeerayaasha ayaa ka shakisan mashruuca, iyagoo xusay kharashkiisa sare ee waddan lagu yaqaan musuqmaasuqa dabadheeraaday—isagoo halis u ah faa'iido yar oo dadka u soo baxda.<ref name="IR-2">[http://www.internationalrivers.org/en/africa/grand-inga-grand-illusions Horumarinta Grand Inga]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/opinion/2016/05/13/congos-grand-inga-plan-faces-a-watershed|title=Qorshaha Grand Inga ee Kongo wuxuu wajahayaa qayb biyo-qaybsan|last1=Tom|first1=Nevin|date=13 Maajo 2016|website=bdlive.co.za|publisher=Times Media|access-date=27 Agoosto 2016}}</ref> ==Is-barbardhigga tamarta korontada ee Afrika== Afrika waxay soo saartaa qaddar aad u hooseeya oo tamar koronto qofkiiba marka la barbar dhigo gobollada kale ee adduunka. Mashruucyada sida Biyo-xireenka Grand Inga, oo dhali kara 43.5 GW, waxay gacan ka geysan karaan xallinta yaraanta korontada ee Afrika. 2005, Koonfur Afrika iyo Waqooyiga Afrika waxay soo saareen 70% ka mid ah 550 TWh (63 GW) wax-soo-saarka korontada ee qaaradda. Koonfur Afrika: 230 TWh sanadkiiba / 26.2 GW (4500 kWh sanadkiiba qofkiiba / 513 W qofkiiba) Waqooyiga Afrika: 150 TWh sanadkiiba / 17.1 GW (1000 kWh sanadkiiba qofkiiba /114 W qofkiiba) Afrika ka hoosaysa Saxaraha (Koonfur Afrika ayaa laga reebay): 170 TWh sanadkiiba / 19.4 GW (250 kWh sanadkiiba qofkiiba / 29 W qofkiiba) Waxaa jira mala-awaal ah in Biyo-xireenka Grand Inga uu soo saari karo koronto ku filan qaaradda oo dhan. Taasi waxay ahayd run ka hor 1990-meeyadii.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1109/60.900510 |title=Isku xirka kaabayaasha korontada Afrika iyo isweydaarsiga korontada |year=2000 |last1=Hammons |first1=T.J. |last2=Blyden |first2=B.K. |last3=Calitz |first3=A.C. |last4=Gulstone |first4=A.B. |last5=Isekemanga |first5=E. |last6=Johnstone |first6=R. |last7=Paluku |first7=K. |last8=Simang |first8=N.-N. |last9=Taher |first9=F. |journal=IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=470–480 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=SciTech Connect | journal=IEEE Power Engineering Review | date=Janaayo 1997 | volume=17 | issue=1 | doi=10.1109/MPER.1997.594920 |last1=Hammons | first1=T. J. | last2=Taher | first2=F. | last3=Gulstone | first3=A. B. | last4=Blyden | first4=B. K. | last5=Johnston | first5=R. | last6=Isekemanga | first6=E. | last7=Paluku | first7=K. | last8=Calitz | first8=A. C. | last9=Simanga | first9=N. N. }}</ref> Qaaraddu waxay leedahay koror dhaqaale iyo dadweyne sanadkiiba siday u kala horreeyaan 5% iyo 2.5%. 2005, isticmaalka korontadu wuxuu ahaa 600 kWh qofkiiba 910 milyan oo Afrikaan ah. Gobolka ay ka jiraan yaraanta korontada ee dabadheeraaday waa Afrika ka hoosaysa Saxaraha (Koonfur Afrika ayaa laga reebay), halkaas oo wax-soo-saarku ahaa kaliya 250 kWh qofkiiba 700 milyan oo qof. Celcelis ahaan Afrika oo ah ugu yaraan 1000 kWh qofkiiba waxay u baahan tahay wadar ahaan wax-soo-saarka qaaradda oo ka badan 1000 TWh sanadkiiba / 120 GW. Tani waxay u dhigantaa saddex jeer awoodda ugu badan ee Biyo-xireenka Grand Inga. Celceliska adduunka qofkiiba wuxuu ahaa 3044 kWh 2012 (Bangiga Adduunka: 2014 Buugga Xogta Yar). Sida ay qabaan qaar, Grand Inga wuxuu noqon lahaa saamiga aad u weyn ee baahida Afrika (43.5 GW oo wax-soo-saar la isku daray marka la barbar dhigo culays dhan 63 GW) si uu u noqdo il koronto oo wax ku ool ah iyada oo aan la isku xirin [[wide area synchronous grid]] tusaale ahaan, iyo sidoo kale shabakadaha kale ee korontada.{{citation needed|date=Janaayo 2015}} Wixii guuldarro ballaaran oo biyo-xireenka ah, ama xiriirkiisa shabakadda, sida [[2009 Brazil and Paraguay blackout]] (17 GW), ama [[2009 Sayano–Shushenskaya power station accident]] ee Siberia (6.4 GW), waxay ku ridi lahayd qaybo badan oo Afrika ka mid ah [[power failure]] oo leh cawaaqib xumo suurtagal ah. Guuldarada Siberia, tusaale ahaan, waxay saameyn musiibo leh ku yeelatay warshadaha aluminium-ka ee maxalliga ah. Dooddan, isticmaalka buuxa wuxuu u baahan yahay isku xirka Yurub, si korontada Yurub loo siin karo loona celin karo Afrika. Tani waxay kordhisaa xasilloonida labada nidaam waxayna hoos u dhigtaa kharashyada guud.<ref>{{cite web |last=Andrews |first=Dave |url=http://www.claverton-energy.com/vision-2020-and-beyond-dr-gregor-czisch-ex-kassell-university-discussed-the-integration-of-african-power-production-internally-and-with-europe-to-fully-exploit-the-vast-hydro-power-available-at-the.html |title=Aragtida 2020 iyo wixii ka dambeeya – Dr. Gregor Czisch Ex Jaamacadda Kassell ayaa ka hadlay isku-dhafka wax-soo-saarka korontada Afrika gudaha iyo Yurub si buuxda looga faa'iideysto tamarta biyaha ee ballaaran ee laga heli karo goobta Inga Dam |publisher=Claverton-energy.com |date=1 Agoosto 2009 |access-date=13 Sebtember 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Andrews |first=Dave |url=http://www.claverton-energy.com/vision-2020-and-beyond-dr-gregor-czisch-ex-kassell-university-discussed-the-integration-of-african-power-production-internally-and-with-europe-to-fully-exploit-the-vast-hydro-power-available-at-the.html |title=Aragtida 2020 iyo wixii ka dambeeya - Dr. Gregor Czisch Ex Jaamacadda Kassell ayaa ka hadlay isku-dhafka wax-soo-saarka korontada Afrika gudaha iyo Yurub si buuxda looga faa'iideysto tamarta biyaha ee ballaaran ee laga heli karo goobta Inga Dam &#124; Claverton Group |publisher=Claverton-energy.com |date=2009-08-01 |access-date=2015-02-20 }}</ref> Saddex dalladood oo caalami ah ayaa u tartamaya qandaraaska lagu dhisayo biyo-xireenka, oo loo yaqaan Inga III, iyo in lagu iibiyo korontada uu dhaliyo, oo lagu qiyaasay 4,800 MW. Tani waa ku dhawaad saddex jeer awoodda laga soo saaro labada biyo-xireen ee Inga ee hadda jira, kuwaas oo ah tobanaan sano jir oo ay curyaamiyeen dayac sababtoo ah daynta dowladda iyo maalgashadayaasha khatarta-ka-cabsi leh. Bangiga Adduunka ayaa sheegay, qorshaha hadda jira, Koonfur Afrika waxay ka iibsan lahayd 2,500 MW Inga III, iyo 1,300 MW kale ayaa la siin lahaa warshadaha macdanta ee Kongo oo koronto la'aantu haysato. 1000 megawatts ee hartay waxay aadi lahayd adeegga qaranka SNEL, taasoo ka caawinaysa bixinta koronto qiyaastii 7 milyan oo qof oo ku hareeraysan Kinshasa, caasimadda Kongo, iyo daboolida dhammaan baahiyaha korontada ee aan la daboolin ee halkaas marka la gaaro 2025.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-congodemocratic-worldbank-idUSBREA2J1Y220140320|title=Bangiga Adduunka oo ansixiyay lacag lagu darso biyo-xireenka Inga ee Kongo|date=20 Maarso 2014 |work=Reuters|access-date=20 Febraayo 2015}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Liiska saldhigyada korontada ee ugu waaweyn adduunka#Run-of-the-river|Liiska saldhigyada korontada ee ugu waaweyn adduunka]] *[[Liiska saldhigyada koronto-biyoodka ee run-of-the-river]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://www.newframe.com/inga-3-hydroelectric-scheme-is-a-looming-disaster/ Mashruuca koronto-biyoodka Inga 3 waa masiibo soo socota] Sida 2 Maarso 2022. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110723154555/http://www.icold-cigb.net/images/File/PDF-multilangue/Declaration%20mondiale.pdf Baaqii adduunka : Biyo-xireennada iyo Koronto-biyoodka ee Horumarinta Waarta ee Afrika] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070503043049/http://www.bicusa.org/en/Region.KeyIssues.9.aspx Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo/Qaybta Tamarta – Xarunta Macluumaadka Bangiga] *[http://www.internationalrivers.org/en/node/345 Bogga Inga ee International Rivers] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070326172321/http://www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin/77/Congo.html Dhaqdhaqaaqa Kaymaha Roobka ee Adduunka] *[[:fr:Barrage Grand Inga|Barrage Grand Inga]] *[http://www.internationalrivers.org/campaigns/grand-inga-dam-dr-congo Biyo-xireenka Grand Inga, DR Kongo] {{Portalbar|Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo|Biyo|Tamar la cusboonaysiin karo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Inga dams}} tbsv6na04xavyoiv9avmrpa0a97khct 0 48101 299707 2026-06-27T08:56:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Thune | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Botswana | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|-22.18071|28.70232|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Botswana]] | location = [[Central District (Botswana)|Degmada Dhexe]] | purpose = | status = | construction_began = | opening = 2013 | demolished = | cost = | owner = | dam_type = | dam_height = {{convert|33.6|m}} | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_length = {{convert|1.7|km}} | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_crosses = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = {{convert|90000000|m3}} | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_elevation = | res_max_depth = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_tidal_range = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Biyo-xireenka Thune''' waa biyo-xireen ku yaalla [[Webiga Thune (Motloutse)|Webiga Thune]] ee dalka [[Botswana]], kaas oo dhismihiisu socday sannadkii 2012 isla markaana la furay sannadkii 2013. Waxa uu leeyahay awood qorshaysan oo dhan {{convert|90000000|m3}}.{{sfn|Media tours MMEWR Project Sites}} ==Sharaxaad== Biyo-xireenku waxa uu ku yaallaa webiga Thune, xagga sare ee isgoyska uu la leeyahay [[Webiga Motloutse|Motloutse]]. Biyo-xireenku waxa uu ku yaallaa dhul siman, waxaana uu yeelan doonaa qoto dheer celcelis ahaan ilaa {{convert|15|m}}. Marka la eego cimilada kulul oo abaaraha ah, uumiga biyaha ee lumaya waa arrin walaac weyn leh. Habab kala duwan oo lagu yareynayo khasaarahan ayaa la tixgeliyey balse waa la diiday. Biyo-xireenku waxa uu noqon doonaa dhismo carro ah oo leh udub-dhexaad dhoobo ah.{{sfn|Uys|2011}} Waxa uu noqon doonaa {{convert|33.6|m}} oo joog ah, iyada oo uu leeyahay derbi dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|1.7|km}} iyo awood dhan {{convert|90000000|m3}}.{{sfn|First Stakeholders Workshop... 2009}} ==Ujeeddo== Biyo-xireenku waxa uu biyo cabitaan ah siin doonaa tuulooyin dhowr ah oo ku yaalla aagga [[Bobirwa]], iyo biyo waraabin ah oo loo isticmaali doono mashruuc beeraha ah oo u dhow [[Mathathane]].{{sfn|Modikwa|2010}} Marka la dhammeeyo, biyaha waxaa loo qaybin doonaa tuulooyinka [[Bobonong]], [[Motlhabaneng]], [[Mathathane]], [[Tsetsebjwe]], [[Mabolwe]], [[Semolale]], [[Gobojango]], [[Lepokole]] iyo [[Molalatau]].{{sfn|First Stakeholders Workshop... 2009}} ==Dhismaha== Aqoon-is-weydaarsi daneeyayaasha ah ayaa lagu qabtay bishii Sebtembar 2009 hoolka dugsiga sare ee Molalatau, halkaas oo Wasiirku uu ku bixiyey macluumaad isla markaana uu uga jawaabay su'aalo. Waxa uu uga digay in inkasta oo biyo-xireenku uu keeni doono faa'iidooyin waaweyn, ay jiri doonaan dhibaatooyin inta lagu guda jiro habka dhismaha sida qulqulka muhaajiriinta sharci-darrada ah, dambiyada iyo dhibaatooyinka xagga galmada sida HIV/AIDS iyo uurka gabdhaha da'da yar.{{sfn|First Stakeholders Workshop... 2009}} Goobta biyo-xireenka waxaa lagu wareejiyey qandaraaslaha, Zhon Gan Engineering and Construction, 30 Abriil 2010.{{sfn|Kolantsho|2010}} Mashruuca ayaa la qorsheeyay in la dhammaystiro Abriil 2013. Warshadda daaweynta biyaha iyo dhuumaha ayaa laga yaabaa inay dib u dhacaan ilaa 2014 sababo la xiriira dhibaatooyin dhanka maalgelinta ah. Bishii Luulyo 2010 waxaa la sheegay in shaqadii goobta biyo-xireenka ay istaagtay tan iyo dhacdo lagu dilay shaqaale bil ka hor. Nadiifinta duurka ayaa laga bilaabay goobta si loo sameeyo sahan, laakiin mashruucu wuu ka dambeeyay jadwalka.{{sfn|Modikwa|2010}} Xaflad dhagax-dhig ah ayaa la qabtay bishii Sebtembar 2010, waxaana ka soo qayb galay Ponatshego Kedikilwe, Wasiirka Macdanta, Tamarta iyo Khayraadka Biyaha.{{sfn|Tshukudu|2010}} Laga bilaabo Maarso 2011, Biyo-xireenka Thune wuxuu ahaa 38% oo kaliya. Dib-u-dhacyada waxaa sababay daadad, waxaana jirtay dhibaatooyin ka haystay dhismaha hoyga iyo ruqsadaha.{{sfn|Pheage|2011}} ==Tixraacyo== '''Xigashooyin''' {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} '''Ilaha''' {{refbegin}} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|First Stakeholders Workshop... 2009}} |url=http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/Ministry-of-Minerals-Energy-and-Water-Resources-MMWER/Latest-News/ |publisher=Wasaaradda Macdanta, Tamarta iyo Khayraadka Biyaha (MMEWR) |title=Aqoon-is-weydaarsigii ugu horreeyey ee Daneeyayaasha ee Mashruuca Dhismaha Biyo-xireenka Thune oo la qabtay. |date=17 Oktoobar 2009 |access-date=2012-09-20}} * {{cite web |url=http://72.167.255.126/index.php?sid=4aid=1212dir=2012/June/Friday22&aid=5082&dir=2010/September/Wednesday22 |title=PHK oo ka digay qandaraaslayaasha Biyo-xireenka Thune |last=Kolantsho|first=Calistus |date=22 Sebtembar 2010 |work=Mmegi Online |access-date=2012-09-20}} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Media tours MMEWR Project Sites}} |url=http://www.mmewr.gov.bw/downloads/download.php?dir=newsletters/&&file=internalCOMMUNIQUE_2_2011.pdf&&type=PDF |title=Warbaahintu waxay booqatay goobaha mashruuca MMEWR |date=12 Abriil 2011 |publisher=Wasaaradda Macdanta, Tamarta & Khayraadka Biyaha |access-date=2012-09-20}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=3394&dir=2010/July/Friday2 |last=Modikwa |first=Onalenna |date=2 Luulyo 2010 |title=Dhismaha biyo-xireenka Thune oo la hakiyay |work=Mmegi Online |access-date=2012-09-20}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.gazettebw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8934%3Afloods-delayed-dam-construction-&catid=18%3Aheadlines&Itemid=2 |title=Daadad dib u dhigay dhismaha biyo-xireenka |last=Pheage|first=Tefo |date=9 Maarso 2011 |work=The Botswana Gazette |access-date=2012-09-20}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.thevoicebw.com/2010/09/24/giving-a-dam/ |work=The Voice |title=BIIXIN BIYO-XIREEN |last=Tshukudu |first=Innocent |date=24 Sebtembar, 2010 |access-date=2012-09-20}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.jgi.co.za/news/item/three-dams-and-a-pipeline |last=Uys |first=Dominic |publisher=Jeffares & Green |title=Saddex Biyo-xireen iyo Dhuumaha Biyaha : Biyaha Bullaacadaha & Qashinka |date=Jannaayo 2011 |access-date=2012-09-20}} {{refend}} 32x7k3smva69oe3kelezg1u3mm5u82m 0 48102 299708 2026-06-27T08:59:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Shashe | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Botswana | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|-21.366988|27.428268|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Botswana]] | location = [[North-East District (Botswana)|Degmada Waqooyi-Bari]] | purpose = Sahayda biyaha magaalooyinka | status = | construction_began = 1970 | opening = 1973 | demolished = | cost = | owner = | dam_type = Zoned embankment | dam_height = {{convert|27|m}} | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_length = {{convert|3.5|km}} | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_crosses = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = {{convert|85000000|m3}} | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = {{convert|3200|ha}} | res_elevation = {{convert|1000|m}} | res_max_depth = | res_max_length = {{convert|15|km}} | res_max_width = {{convert|4.2|km}} | res_tidal_range = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Biyo-xireenka Shashe''' waa biyo-xireen ku yaalla [[Webiga Shashe]] ee dalka [[Botswana]], kaas oo loo dhisay in lagu siiyo biyo magaalada warshadaha ah ee [[Selebi-Phikwe]].{{sfn|Knight|1990|p=402}} Tuulada weyn ee [[Tonota]] ayaa ku taal dhanka koonfureed ee biyo-xireenka. ==Goobta iyo awoodda== Biyo-xireenku waxa uu xiraa Webiga Shashe, waxaana uu ku yaallaa qiyaastii {{convert|25|km}} koonfur-galbeed ee [[Francistown]]{{sfn|Knight|1990|p=402}} iyo qiyaastii {{convert|80|km}} waqooyi-galbeed ee Selebi-Phikwe.{{sfn|Sillery|1974|p=171}} Webiyada yaryar ee Mairoro, Lunyi iyo Swiki ee Shashe ayaa sidoo kale ku shuba biyo-xireenka.{{sfn|Gabathuse|Maganu-Edwin|2011}} Harada macmalka ah waa {{convert|15|km}} dhererkeedu, waxaana ay leedahay ballac dhan {{convert|4.2|km}}. Marka ay buuxdo, oogada biyaha ee furan waxay dabooshaa ku dhawaad {{convert|3200|ha}}{{sfn|Hughes|Hughes|1992|p=626}} waxayna leedahay awood dhan {{convert|85000000|m3}}.{{sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009|p=3}} ==Dhismaha== Biyo-xireenka waxaa loo dhisay qayb ka mid ah maalgashi weyn oo kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha ah oo loo baahnaa si looga faa'iidaysto kaydka macdanta naxaasta iyo nikkel-ka ee Selebi iyo Pikwe, oo lagu qiyaasay Oktoobar 1969 inay wadar ahaan yihiin 45.7 milyan oo tan oo gaaban. Dhismaha dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|3.5|km}} iyo jooggiisu yahay {{convert|27|m}} ayaa la dhammaystiray 1973.{{sfn|Knight|1990|p=402}} Biyaha biyo-xireenka waxaa loo keenaa Selebi-Phikwe iyadoo la isticmaalayo dhuumaha dhulka hoostiisa mara.{{sfn|Sillery|1974|p=171}} Sannadkii 1982 waxaa la ogaaday in biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ka yimaada ceelasha maxalliga ah ee Francistown ay lahaayeen heer sare oo nitrate ah, isla markaana ay ku filnaan waayeen baahida dadweynaha, sidaas darteed sahayda biyaha dadweynaha ee magaaladaas waxaa loo wareejiyay isticmaalka biyaha ka yimaada Biyo-xireenka Shashe.{{sfn|Schmoll|2006|p=284}} Shaqada biyaha ee Biyo-xireenka Shashe, oo ka baxsan wadada Francistown ee waqooyiga aagga qorshaha horumarinta Tonota, ayaa sidoo kale siiya biyo la cabi karo Tonota.{{sfn|Tonota-Shashe development plan|2001|p=109}} ==Isticmaalka biyo-xireenka== Wadarta guud ee kalluunka ee laga fili karo biyo-xireenka ayaa lagu qiyaasay in ka badan 50 tan sannadkii.{{sfn|vanden Bossche|Bernacsek|1990|p=20}} Biyo-xireenka waxaa loo isticmaalaa kalluumeysiga dadka, ganacsiga iyo isboortiga, iyo sidoo kale naadi doonni (sailing club). Qoolleyda, kalluunka, waraabaha biyaha (otters), [[Nile monitor]]-ka iyo noocyo badan oo shimbiro kala duwan ah ayaa ku nool biyo-xireenka. Biyo-xireenku waxa uu muujinayaa raadad wasakhayn bini'aadamka ah sida qashinka oo ku wareegsan iyo gudaha biyaha.{{sfn|Gabathuse|Maganu-Edwin|2011}} Bishii Febraayo 2009, [[Shirkadda Adeegga Biyaha (Botswana)|Shirkadda Adeegga Biyaha]] ayaa lagu qasbay inay joojiso dhammaan hawlaha dadweynaha ee biyo-xireenka ka dib markii dillaac cudurka daacuunka ah lala xiriiriyay biyahiisa.{{sfn|WUC Suspends Activities...}} ==Tixraacyo== '''Xigashooyin''' {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} '''Ilaha''' {{refbegin}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/botswanawater_statisticsreport.pdf |title=TIRA-KOOBKA BIYAHA BOTSWANA |author=Xafiiska Tirakoobka Dhexe |date=Oktoobar 2009 |access-date=2012-09-18 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5r28HPAkm?url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/botswanawater_statisticsreport.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2010 }} *{{cite book |author=Europa Publications|title=Africa South of the Sahara 2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jj4J-AXGDaQC&pg=PA98|access-date=2012-09-18 |date=2003-12-09|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-1-85743-183-4|page=98}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=297&dir=2011/April/Friday15 |title=Geedaha qoob-ka-ciyaarka ee Biyo-xireenka Shashe |date=15 Abriil 2011 |last1=Gabathuse|first1=Ryder|last2=Maganu-Edwin|first2=Patricia |access-date=2012-09-18}} *{{cite book |last1=Hughes|first1=R. H.|last2=Hughes|first2=J. S.|title=Tusaha Dhul-qoyan ee Afrika |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA626|access-date=2012-09-18 |year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5|page=626}} *{{cite book |last=Knight |first=D.J.|title=Qalabka Geotechnical ee Ficilka: Ujeeddo, Waxqabad iyo Fasiraad : Nidaamka Shirka Qalabka Geotechnical ee Mashaariicda Injineernimada Madaniga ah|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rErL_dyWbBIC&pg=PA402|access-date=2012-09-18 |date=1990-06-01|publisher=Thomas Telford|isbn=978-0-7277-1515-9|chapter=Faa'iidada la xaqiijiyay ee nidaamyada qalabeynta ee mashaariicda biyo-xireenka ee kala duwan}} *{{cite book |last=Schmoll|first=Oliver|title=Ilaalinta Biyaha Dhulka hoostiisa ee Caafimaadka: Maareynta Tayada Ilaha Biyaha la cabbo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ArldvUKbzJwC&pg=PA284|access-date=2012-09-18 |year=2006|publisher=Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka|isbn=978-92-4-154668-3|page=284}} *{{cite book |last=Sillery|first=Anthony|title=Botswana; Taariikh Siyaasadeed Gaaban |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_t0OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA171|access-date=2012-09-18 |year=1974|publisher=Methuen (Waxaa lagu qaybiyey US by Harper & Row Publishers, Barnes & Noble Import Division)|isbn=978-0-416-75650-0|page=171}} *{{cite book |title=Qorshaha horumarinta Tonota-Shashe (2000–2024): qorshaha horumarinta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPSwAAAAIAAJ|access-date=2012-09-18|year=2001|publisher=Wasaaradda Dhulka, Guriyeynta iyo Deegaanka |ref={{sfnref|Tonota-Shashe development plan|2001}} }} *{{cite book |last1=vanden Bossche|first1=J.-P. |last2=Bernacsek|first2=G. M.|title=Buugga Isha ee Khayraadka Kalluumeysiga Gudaha ee Afrika |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_WLZRxM9vfXoC|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_WLZRxM9vfXoC/page/n32 20] |access-date=2012-09-18 |year=1990|publisher=Food & Agriculture Org.|isbn=978-92-5-102983-1}} *{{cite journal |ref={{harvid|WUC Suspends Activities...}} |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200902100500.html |title=WUC waxay joojisay hawlihii Biyo-xireenka Shashe |date=10 Febraayo 2009 |journal=The Voice, Francistown |access-date=2012-09-18}} {{refend}} j4ede9h0he3dpmhcjp490p2693i4dgi 0 48103 299709 2026-06-27T09:03:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Ntimbale | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Botswana | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|-20.867795|27.448946|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Botswana]] | location = [[North-East District (Botswana)|Degmada Waqooyi-Bari]] | purpose = Sahayda biyaha magaalooyinka | status = | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = | owner = | dam_type = | dam_height = {{convert|34|m}} | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_length = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_crosses = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = [[Ogee]] | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = {{convert|26000000|m3}} | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_elevation = | res_max_depth = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_tidal_range = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Biyo-xireenka Ntimbale''' waa biyo-xireen ku yaalla [[Webiga Tati]] ee dalka [[Botswana]]. Waxa uu leeyahay awood dhan {{convert|26000000|m3}}.{{sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009|p=3}} ==Dhismaha== Mashruuca biyo-xireenka waxaa loo igmaday [[Knight Piésold]] oo ay u igmatay Waaxda Arrimaha Biyaha ee Botswana. Piésold waxa ay qaadatay daraasadda macquulnimada sannadihii 1996–97, waxay ka caawisay habka qandaraas bixinta, waxay diyaarisay nashqadda faahfaahsan waxayna kormeeraysay dhismaha intii u dhaxaysay 2004 iyo 2009. Biyo-xireenku waa biyo-xireen laamiga la isku cadaadiyey (roller-compacted concrete dam) oo dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|34|m}}, waxaana uu leeyahay marin-biyood dhexe oo ah nooca Ogee.{{sfn|Ntimbale Dam Project}} [[PPC Cement]] oo laga leeyahay Koonfur Afrika, oo leh warshad isku-darka iyo xirxiridda oo ku taal Gaborone, ayaa u soo saartay sibidhka mashruuca.{{sfn|Madlala|2006}} Dhismaha biyo-xireenku waxa uu ka kooban yahay xarumo bam, iyo warshad lagu daaweeyo biyaha, wuxuuna biyo siiyaa tuulooyin ku yaalla [[North-East District (Botswana)|Degmada Waqooyi-Bari]] iyo qaybo ku dhow oo ka tirsan [[Central District (Botswana)|Degmada Dhexe]].{{sfn|Ntimbale Dam Project}} Biyo-xireenku waxa uu ku kacay qiyaastii P205 milyan. Intii la dhisayay, waxaa la fuliyay qorshe biyo-wareejin ah oo ku kacay P280 milyan si loogu xiro dhammaan 51-da tuulo ee ku yaalla Degmada Waqooyi-Bari. Madaxweyne [[Ian Khama]] ayaa xarigga ka jaray biyo-xireenka xaflad lagu qabtay Oktoobar 2008, isagoo muujiyay rajo ah inuu dabooli doono baahiyaha sahayda biyaha gudaha ee labaatanka sano ee soo socda. Waxa uu uga digay in dadku ay sii wadaan isticmaalka biyaha si taxadar leh oo ay iska ilaaliyaan qashinka.{{sfn|Kologwe|2008}} ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} ==Ilaha== {{refbegin}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/botswanawater_statisticsreport.pdf |title=TIRA-KOOBKA BIYAHA BOTSWANA |author=Xafiiska Tirakoobka Dhexe |date=Oktoobar 2009 |access-date=2012-09-18 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5r28HPAkm?url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/botswanawater_statisticsreport.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2010 }} *{{cite web |url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/sa-company-secures-botswana-governmentx2019s-cementsupply-contract-2006-09-15 |title=Shirkad u dhalatay SA oo heshay qandaraaska bixinta sibidhka ee dawladda Botswana |work=Engineering News |last=Madlala|first=Ollie |date=15 Sebtembar 2006 |access-date=2012-09-19}} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Ntimbale Dam Project}} |url=http://www.knightpiesold.com/en/index.cfm/projects/water-resources/ntimbale-dam-project/ |title=Mashruuca Biyo-xireenka Ntimbale |publisher=Knight Piésold |access-date=2012-09-19}} *{{cite journal |url = http://www.sundaystandard.info/article.php?NewsID=3944&GroupID=3 |title = Biyo-xireenka Ntimbale oo ugu dambeyntii faa'iido u yeelanaya gobolka Waqooyi-Bari |last = Kologwe |first = Obusitse |date = 2008-10-26 |journal = Sunday Standard |access-date = 2012-09-19 }} {{refend}} 7g5jb6kzlg0zv75y8c8zynytfaji3kc 0 48104 299718 2026-06-27T09:18:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Mogobane | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Botswana | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|-24.972885|25.700714|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = Botswana | location = [[South-East District (Botswana)|Degmada Koonfur-Bari]] | purpose = Waraabin | status = | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = | owner = | dam_type = | dam_height = | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_length = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_crosses = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_elevation = | res_max_depth = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_tidal_range = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Biyo-xireenka Mogobane''' waa biyo-xireen ku yaalla [[Webiga Mogobane]] ee dalka Botswana.{{sfn|Hester|Tyler|Simic|2003}} Biyo-xireenka waxaa loo isticmaalaa waraabin waxaana uu sidoo kale taageeraa meel ay ku noolaadaan shimbiraha. ==Asalka== Mashruuca Waraabinta ee Mogobane waxaa la sameeyay xilligii gumeysiga iyadoo la adeegsanayo xoogga [[Dadka Balete|Balete]] si loo dhiso xarumo degitaan, bakhaar iyo qolal kayd ah, biyo-xireenka, kanaalka iyo {{convert|50|ha}} oo ah beeraha la waraabin karo. Waxaa la wareegay golaha degmada 1966-kii. {{sfn|Balete should write... 2001}} Waxaa loo wareejiyay Guddiga Dhulka ee Malete markii la dhisay 1972-kii, ka dibna waxaa loo kiraystay Shirkadda Horumarinta Botswana (BDC).{{sfn|Balete determined ... 2003}} Sannadkii 2001, beeraha waraabinta ayaa la iibiyay.{{sfn|Balete should write... 2001}} Kulankii Oktoobar 2003, dadka Balete waxay ku baaqayeen in morafe-du ay dib ula wareegaan Mashruuca Waraabinta Mogobane, kaas oo ay awoowayaashood ku dhisteen dhulkooda.{{sfn|Balete determined ... 2003}} ==Isticmaalka== Biyo-xireenku waxa uu biyo siiyaa xoolaha iyo dadka degan tuulada [[Mogobane]].{{sfn|Botswana Savings Bank... 2007}} Sannadkii 1982, biyo-xireenka waxaa ku dhacay dulin-biyoodka [[bilharzia]] sidaas darteedna looma isticmaali karo dabaasha. Biyaha waa in la kariyaa ka hor intaan la cabin.{{sfn|Anti-TB Campaign 1982}} Xilliyada roobabka mahiigaanka ah, biyo-xireenka ayaa laga yaabaa inuu daadato, taasoo fatahaad ku keenta tuulada Mogobane ee ku dhow.{{sfn|Mgwanaamotho|2011}} ==Shimbiraha Biyaha== Waxaa jira meel ay ku noolaadaan shimbiraha oo xuduud la leh biyo-xireenka dhanka galbeed, iyadoo hadafku yahay in la ilaaliyo shimbiraha aan loo kala saarin shimbiraha ugaarta ah.{{sfn|Du Saussay|1984|p=58}} Kaydka biyuhu waa hoyga noocyo badan oo shimbiraha ah, iyadoo in ka badan todobaatan nooc la diiwaangeliyay waqtiyo kala duwan oo sannadka ah oo ay ku jiraan 11 nooc oo shimbiraha herons-ka iyo egrets-ka ah, 14 nooc oo shinbiraha badda (ducks) iyo gowsaha (geese) iyo 24 nooc oo shimbiraha waders-ka ah. Xilliga xagaaga, meelaha biyaha yar yihiin waxaa isticmaala shimbiraha waders-ka, shimbiraha Black-headed iyo Grey Herons, Cattle Egret, Reed Cormorant iyo African Spoonbill ayaa ku tarma cawska badda ee ku yaalla bartamaha meelaha biyaha yar yihiin marka ay ku hareeraysan yihiin biyaha. Orange-breasted Waxbill iyo Fan-tailed Cisticola ayaa laga helaa cawska iyo dhirta hareeraha kaydka biyaha.{{sfn|Hester|Tyler|Simic|2003}} ==Tixraacyo== '''Xigashooyin''' {{reflist}} '''Ilaha''' {{refbegin}} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Anti-TB Campaign 1982}}|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA356948.pdf |title=Olole ka dhan ah TB-da |date=28 Luulyo 1982 |publisher=FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE |access-date=2012-09-19}} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Balete determined ... 2003}} |url=http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20031027 |title=Balete oo go'aansaday inay dib ula wareegaan mashruuca waraabinta Mogobane |work=BOPA Daily News |date=27 Oktoobar 2003 |access-date=2012-09-19 }} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Balete should write... 2001}} |url=http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20010228 |title=Balete waa inay wax qoraan, ayuu yiri guddoomiyaha |work=BOPA Daily News |date=28 Febraayo 2001 |access-date=2012-09-19 }} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Botswana Savings Bank... 2007}} |url=http://www.bsb.bw/html/Mogobanecleancampain.htm |title=Bangiga Kaydka ee Botswana ayaa ka qayb qaatay Olole Nadiifin ah oo ka dhacay Tuulada Mogobane Sabti 22 Sebtembar 2007 |publisher=Botswana Savings Bank |access-date=2012-09-19 }} *{{cite book |last=Du Saussay|first=Christian|title=Sharciyada ku saabsan Duurjoogta iyo Meelaha La Ilaaliyo ee Afrika |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Om6F3OX1Z_AC|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Om6F3OX1Z_AC/page/n64 58] |access-date=2012-09-19 |year=1984|publisher=Food & Agriculture Org.|isbn=978-92-5-101171-3}} *{{cite web |url=https://www.camacdonald.com/birding/africabotswanaBirdingGaborone.htm#2.3.1. Mogobane Dam |title=Birding Gaborone (Botswana) |last1=Hester|first1=Andrew|last2=Tyler|first2=Stephanie J.|last3=Simic|first3=Dragan|year=2003 |access-date=2012-09-18}} *{{cite web |url=http://72.167.255.126/index.php/index.php?sid=1&aid=407&dir=2011/January/Tuesday25 |title=Dugsiyada Mogobane oo xirmay sababo la xiriira fatahaado |last=Mgwanaamotho |first=Maranyane |date=25 Janaayo 2011 |work=Mmegi Online |access-date=2012-09-19 }} {{refend}} 5sqz0dpir1sxj8eqrkcxov7ypcdvo6l 0 48105 299722 2026-06-27T09:21:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Nnywane | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Botswana | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|-25.115399|25.689567|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Botswana]] | location = [[South-East District (Botswana)|Degmada Koonfur-Bari]] | purpose = Sahayda biyaha magaalooyinka | status = | construction_began = | opening = 1970 | demolished = | cost = | owner = | dam_type = | dam_height = | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_length = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_crosses = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = {{convert|2300000|m3}} | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = {{convert|238|km2}} | res_surface = {{convert|1.65|km2}} | res_elevation = | res_max_depth = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_tidal_range = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Biyo-xireenka Nnywane''' waa biyo-xireen ku yaalla [[Webiga Nnywane]] ee dalka [[Botswana]]. Kaydka biyuhu waxa uu sahay biyo ah siiyaa [[Lobatse]], oo ah magaalo u jirta {{convert|70|km}} koonfurta [[Gaborone]].{{sfn|Mwakikagile|2009|p=65}} Biyaha kaydka ayaa sidoo kale loo wareejin karaa Gaborone haddii loo baahdo.{{sfn|Prommer|2001|p=11}} ==Dhismaha== Biyo-xireenka Nnywane waa kan ugu yar kaydka biyaha ee ay maamusho [[Shirkadda Adeegga Biyaha (Botswana)|Shirkadda Adeegga Biyaha]].{{sfn|Department of Environmental Affairs|2006|p=27}} Biyo-xireenka waxaa la dhisay 1970-kii iyadoo la adeegsanayo dhismo carro ah oo leh udub-dhexaad. Waxay leedahay aag biyo-qabatin ah oo dhan {{convert|238|km2}}. Bedka oogada kaydka biyaha waa {{convert|1.65|km2}}.{{sfn|Water Utilities Corporation|2010}} Kaydka biyuhu waxa uu leeyahay awood dhan {{convert|2300000|m3}}.{{sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009|p=3}} Waxaa quudiya webiga Nnywane ee mararka qaar qallala, kaas oo socda oo kaliya xilliga roobka.{{sfn|De Vrces|Gieske|1990|p=84}} Biyo-xireenka ka hooseeya, Nnywane wuxuu ku qulqulaa [[Webiga Ngotwane]], kaas oo ku qulqula [[Biyo-xireenka Ngotwane]] ee Koonfur Afrika. Ngotwane ayaa markaa samaysa xudduudda u dhaxaysa Botswana iyo Koonfur Afrika ka hor inta aysan ku qulqulin [[Biyo-xireenka Gaborone]].{{sfn|Ngwanaamotho|2011}} ==Isbeddellada sahayda== Sababo la xiriira cimilada kulul oo abaaraha ah, ku dhawaad 2.3% biyaha lagu kaydiyey Biyo-xireenka Nnywane ayaa ku luma uumi-bax sannadkii caadiga ah.{{sfn|Department of Environmental Affairs|2006|p=26}} Roobabku waa kuwo aan la isku halayn karin. Xilligii roobka ee 1978–79 wuxuu ahaa bilowgii xilli abaar ah. Kaydka biyaha ayaa gabaabsi noqday 1982-kii, waxaana sahayda biyaha dadweynaha lagu qasbay inay u wareegaan bamgareynta biyaha dhulka hoostiisa.{{sfn|De Vrces|Gieske|1990|p=86}} Intii u dhaxaysay 1998 iyo 2008 boqolkiiba awoodda kaydka biyaha ee buuxsamay waxay u dhaxaysay 39.1% sannadkii 2003 ilaa 100% sannadkii 2006.{{sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009|p=4}} Bishii Juun 2012, xilliga jiilaalka oo ahaa mid aad u qalalan, biyo-xireenka ayaa hoos ugu dhacay 52% awooddiisa.{{sfn|Morewagae|2012}} ==Tixraacyo== '''Xigashooyin''' {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} '''Ilaha''' {{refbegin}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/botswanawater_statisticsreport.pdf |title=TIRA-KOOBKA BIYAHA BOTSWANA |author=Xafiiska Tirakoobka Dhexe |date=Oktoobar 2009 |access-date=2012-09-18 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5r28HPAkm?url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/botswanawater_statisticsreport.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2010 }} *{{cite web |url=http://www.car.org.bw/Documents/Report%20Water%20Accounts%20Botswana.pdf |title=Xisaabaadka biyaha ee Botswana (1992-2003) |author=Waaxda Arrimaha Deegaanka |date=Luulyo 2006 |access-date=2012-09-19}} *{{cite web |url=https://iahs.info/redbooks/a191/iahs_191_0081.pdf |work=Goboleynta Biyaha (Nidaamka Shirka Ljubljana, Abriil 1990). |publisher=IAHS |year=1990 |title=Habka dheelitirka chloride-ka ee fudud si loo goboleeyo dib-u-buuxinta biyaha dhulka hoostiisa: daraasad kiis oo ku saabsan Botswana oo semi-abaar ah |last1=De Vrces|first1=J. J. |last2=Gieske |first2=A. |access-date=2012-09-18}} *{{cite journal |url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=31&aid=961&dir=2012/June/Tuesday12 |journal=Mmegi Online |date=12 Juun 2012 |title=Yaraanta biyaha ee daran ayaa soo socota |last=Morewagae|first=Isiah |access-date=2012-09-18}} *{{cite book |last=Mwakikagile|first=Godfrey|title=Botswana Tan iyo Xornimadii |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lnJ9cbY9cLEC&pg=PA65|access-date=2012-09-18 |date=31 Oktoobar 2009|publisher=Godfrey Mwakikagile|isbn=978-0-9802587-8-3}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=350&dir=2011/January/Thursday20 |title=Daadadku waxay keenaan fowdo |last=Ngwanaamotho|first=Maranyane |date=20 Janaayo 2011 |access-date=2012-09-19 |work=Mmegi Online}} *{{cite web |url=http://webarchive.iiasa.ac.at/Research/POP/pde/docs/manual.pdf |title=Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia: Qaabaynta Caqabadaha Dadweynaha iyo Horumarinta Joogtada ah ee Xilligii HIV/AIDS |last=Prommer|first=Isolde |date=Maarso 2001 |publisher=International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis |access-date=2012-09-19}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.wuc.bw/wuc-content.php?cid=107 |title=Halbeegyada Biyo-xireenka |author=Shirkadda Adeegga Biyaha |year=2010 |access-date=2012-09-19 }} {{refend}} jdadxj9b7rfsg961ggd8fqe6vnp48rl 0 48106 299724 2026-06-27T09:24:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Gaborone | name_official = | image = Gaborone Dam 2.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Biyo-xireenka Gaborone xilliga qorrax-dhaca | image_alt = | location_map = Botswana | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|-24.700161|25.926381|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Botswana]] | location = [[South-East District (Botswana)|Degmada Koonfur-Bari]] | purpose = Sahayda biyaha magaalooyinka | status = | construction_began = 1963 | opening = 1964 | demolished = | cost = | owner = | dam_type = Carro lagu dhisay (Embankment, earth-fill) | dam_height = {{convert|25|m}} | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_length = {{convert|3.6|km}} | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_crosses = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = {{convert|141100000|m3}} | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = {{convert|15|km2}}.{{sfn|Water Utilities Corporation|2010}} | res_elevation = | res_max_depth = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_tidal_range = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Biyo-xireenka Gaborone''' waa biyo-xireen ku yaalla [[Webiga Notwane]] ee dalka [[Botswana]] oo leh awood dhan {{convert|141100000|m3}}.{{sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009|p=3}} Biyo-xireenka waxaa maamusha [[Shirkadda Adeegga Biyaha (Botswana)|Shirkadda Adeegga Biyaha]], waxaana uu biyo siiyaa caasimadda [[Gaborone]].{{sfn|Corporate Profile - WUC}} ==Goobta== Biyo-xireenka Gaborone wuxuu ku yaallaa koonfurta Gaborone agagaarka waddada [[Gaborone]]-[[Lobatse]], wuxuuna biyo siiyaa labada magaalo ee Gaborone iyo Lobatse.{{sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009}} Aagga biyo-qabatin ee wax ku oolka ah wuxuu daboolayaa ilaa {{convert|225|km2}}, waxaana qulqulaya webiga Notwane iyo webiyada ka yar ee [[Taung]], [[Metsemaswaane]] iyo [[Nywane]].{{sfn|Yadava|2003|p=125}} Intii u dhaxaysay 1971 iyo 2000, celceliska roobka sanadlaha ah wuxuu u dhaxeeyay {{convert|450|mm}} iyo {{convert|550|mm}}. Heerkulku wuxuu u dhaxeeyaa {{convert|10|°C}} jiilaalka ilaa {{convert|37|°C}} xagaaga. Celceliska suurtagalka ah ee [[evapotranspiration|uumi-baxa biyaha]] waa qiyaastii {{convert|1400|mm}} sannadkii.{{sfn|Yadava|2003|p=126}}{{efn|Deegaan abaar ah oo roobka sanadlaha ah uu ka yar yahay uumi-baxa biyaha, ciidda iyo xitaa sariiraha webiyada badanaa way qallali doonaan marka laga reebo xilliga roobka.}} ==Sharaxaadda== Dhismaha biyo-xireenka ayaa bilaabmay 1963-kii, isagoo qabanaya biyaha ka imanaya Webiga Notwane, xilli caasimadda cusub ee Gaborone ay ku jirtay marxaladaha qorsheynta.{{sfn|Gaborone in Details...}} Biyo-xireenkii asalka ahaa ayaa la dhammaystiray 1964-tii.{{sfn|Knight|1990|p=407-408}} Biyo-xireenku waa dhismo carro ah.{{sfn|Water Utilities Corporation|2010}} Intii lagu jiray xilligii roobka ee 1965-66, kaydka biyuhu wuu buuxsamay wuuna fatahay.{{sfn|Gaborone in Details...}} Intii u dhaxaysay 1983 iyo 1985 biyo-xireenka waxaa kor loo qaaday {{convert|7|m}} si loo kordhiyo awoodda, isagoo gaaray dherer dhan {{convert|25|m}} iyo dherer dhan {{convert|3.6|km}}. Kor u qaadista biyo-xireenka waa in si aad ah looga taxadaraa si loo hubiyo in aagga biyuhu aanay ka gudbi karin ee biyo-xireenka uu sii ahaado mid aan waxba gaarin oo la ballaariyay ilaa bangiga la kordhiyay.{{sfn|Knight|1990|p=407-408}} Inta badan kaydka biyuhu waa wax ka yar {{convert|10|ft}} qoto dheer.{{sfn|Workman|2009|p=129}} Bedka oogada kaydka biyaha markuu buuxo waa {{convert|15|km2}}.{{sfn|Water Utilities Corporation|2010}} Ilaa dhammaystirka [[Biyo-xireenka Dikgatlhong]] sannadkii 2011, biyo-xireenka Gaborone wuxuu ahaa kii ugu weynaa Botswana.{{sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009}} ==Arrimaha== Ka dib markii la furay oo la buuxiyay biyo-xireenka, heerka biyaha celceliska ah ayaa bilaabay inay hoos u dhacaan. Qayb ahaan, tani waxay sabab u ahayd isbeddel wareeg ah oo dhinaca roobabka ah, taasoo yareysay xaddiga biyaha lagu quudiyo kaydka biyaha iyo kordhinta saameynta uumi-baxa ee cimilada kulul, qalalan. Qayb ahaan waxay ahayd sababtoo ah koritaanka magaalada iyo baahida sii kordheysa ee biyaha halkii qof maadaama dadku ay noqdeen kuwo ladan, iyagoo u isticmaala biyaha ujeedooyin ay ka mid yihiin buuxinta barkadaha dabaasha iyo dhaqidda baabuurta. Dhamaadkii 2002 kaydka biyaha wuxuu ahaa 79% buuxa, iyo bilowgii 2004 wuxuu ahaa 54% buuxa.{{sfn|Workman|2009|p=130}} Dhamaadkii 2004 kaydka biyuhu wuxuu ahaa 27% kaliya buuxa, dowladduna waxay ku qasbanaatay inay soo rogto xannibaado adag oo dhinaca isticmaalka biyaha ah.{{sfn|Workman|2009|p=139}} Bishii Sebtembar 2005 kaydka biyuhu wuxuu hoos ugu dhacay 17% buuxa, ama {{convert|34|L}} halkii muwaadin ee Gaborone.{{sfn|Workman|2009|p=139}} Waddanka abaartu ku badan tahay, sahayda biyuhu waa walaac joogto ah. Calaamad neon ah oo ku taal magaalada ayaa u sheegta dadka deegaanka inta uu buuxo kaydka biyuhu.{{sfn|Gaborone in Details...}} Kaydka biyaha iyo aagga cagaaran ee ku hareeraysan waa nidaamka deegaanka ugu weyn uguna jilicsan ee aagga Gaborone.{{sfn|Keiner|Zegras|Schmid|Salmerón|2004|p=99}} Buug la daabacay 2004 ayaa xusay in dheecaanka biyaha roobka uu liito Gaborone, taasoo keenta fatahaado soo noqnoqda, iyo in musqulaha godadka iyo barkadaha bulaacadaha ee daadadka ay halis ku yihiin biyaha kaydka ku jira.{{sfn|Keiner|Zegras|Schmid|Salmerón|2004|p=92}} ==Isticmaalka kaydka== Kaydka biyaha ayaa bilaabay in loo suuqgeeyo sidii goob madadaalo ah. Dhinaca waqooyi ee kaydka biyaha ayaa la qorsheeyay inay noqoto goob madadaalo oo loo yaqaan ''The Waterfront''.{{sfn|All about Gaborone}} Waxaa jira [[naadiga doonyaha]], oo loo yaqaan Gaborone Yacht Club, oo ku yaalla dhinaca waqooyi ee harada.{{sfn|Gaborone Yacht Club}} Dhinaca koonfureed waxaa ku yaalla Naadiga Kalluumeysiga ee Kalahari iyo xarun cusub oo dadweyne oo loo yaqaan City Scapes. City Scapes waxaa ku yaalla jardiinooyin, garoomo lagu ciyaaro, iyo xarumaha doonyaha.{{sfn|All about Gaborone}} Biyo-xireenka ayaa caan ku ah [[birdwatching|daawashada shimbiraha]], [[windsurfing|windsurfing]], iyo [[kalluumeysiga|kalluumeysatada]].{{sfn|HardyFirestone|2007|p=75–88}} Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma jiro dabaal sababo la xiriira [[yaxaasyada]] iyo [[dulin-biyoodka|bilharzia]], kuwaas oo gudbin kara cudurka halista ah ee [[schistosomiasis]].{{sfn|African cities- Gaborone Culture}} ==Sawirro== <gallery widths=240px heights=180px> File:Gaborone Dam 1.jpg File:Gaborone, Botswana.jpg|Muuqaal laga soo qaaday hawada File:GaberoneAerial.jpg|Gaborone oo laga eegayo hawada, biyo-xireenka oo fog </gallery> ==Tixraacyo== '''Qoraallo''' {{Notelist}} '''Xigashooyin''' {{Reflist |colwidth=20em}} '''Ilaha''' {{Refbegin}} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|African cities- Gaborone Culture}} |title=Magaalooyinka Afrika - Dhaqanka Gaborone |url=http://gaborone.info/php/gabculture.php?name=Gaborone%20Culture |work=Gaborone.info |publisher=AfricanCities.net |access-date=5 Agoosto 2009}} *{{cite web |ref = {{harvid|All about Gaborone}} |publisher = Gabscity.com |location = Gaborone, Botswana |title = Wax walba oo ku saabsan Gaborone |url = http://www.gabscity.com/city/index.php |access-date = 4 Agoosto 2009 }} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Central Statistics Office|2009}} |url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/botswanawater_statisticsreport.pdf |title=Tira-koobka biyaha ee Botswana |publisher=Xafiiska Tirakoobka Dhexe |location=Gaborone, Botswana |date=Oktoobar 2009 |access-date=7 Luulyo 2010 }} *{{cite web |ref = {{harvid|Gaborone in Details...}} |url = http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/gaboroneDetails.php |title = Gaborone oo faahfaahsan... |work = Dalxiiska Botswana |access-date = 2012-09-18 }} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Gaborone Yacht Club}} |url=http://www.gyc.org.bw/ |title=HOOYO / NAQU SHIRKA |website=Gaborone Yacht Club |access-date=2012-09-18 }} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Corporate Profile - WUC}} |url=http://www.wuc.bw/wuc-content.php?cid=139 |title=Profaaylka Shirkadda |publisher=WUC |access-date=2012-09-20 }} *{{cite book |last1=Hardy |first1=Paula|last2=Firestone |first2=Matthew D. |title=Botswana & Namibia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSAs1_B-93YC&pg=PA74 |access-date=4 Agoosto 2009 |year=2007 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=978-1-74104-760-8 |chapter=Gaborone }} *{{cite book |last1=Keiner|first1=Marco|last2=Zegras|first2=Christopher|last3=Schmid|first3=Willy A.|first4=Diego|last4=Salmerón |title=Laga bilaabo Fahamka ilaa Waxqabadka: Horumarinta Magaalooyinka Waara ee Magaalooyinka Dhexdhexaadka ah ee Afrika iyo Laatiin Ameerika |url=https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-978-1-4020-2921-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-978-1-4020-2921-9/page/n113 99] |access-date=2012-09-18 |date=2004-12-20|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-2879-3}} *{{cite book |last=Knight |title=Qalabka Geotechnical ee Ficilka: Ujeedada, Waxqabadka iyo Fasiraadda : Habraaca Shirka Qalabka Geotechnical ee Mashaariicda Injineernimada Madaniga ah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rErL_dyWbBIC&pg=PA407|access-date=2012-09-18 |date=1990-06-01|publisher=Thomas Telford|isbn=978-0-7277-1515-9|page=407}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.wuc.bw/wuc-content.php?cid=107 |title=Halbeegyada Biyo-xireenka |author=Shirkadda Adeegga Biyaha |year=2010 |access-date=2012-09-19}} *{{cite book |last=Workman|first=James G.|title=Qalbiga Abaarta: Sida Bushmen-kii ugu dambeeyay ay nooga caawin karaan inaan adkeysano da'da soo socota ee abaarta joogtada ah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WXId5ZC89EAC&pg=PA129|access-date=2012-09-18 |date=2009-08-04|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-0-8027-1558-6|page=129}} *{{cite book |last=Yadava|first=Ram Narayan|title=Biyo-mareenka Hydrology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73DdflwDU0oC&pg=PA125|access-date=2012-09-18 |year=2003|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-7764-547-7|page=125}} {{Refend}} {{Authority control}} fwry8i2kccp9j0kseh1metptugjbs6j 0 48107 299725 2026-06-27T09:27:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Matala | image = | image_caption = | name_official = | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Kunene]] | location = [[Matala, Angola|Matala]], Angola | dam_type = | dam_length = | dam_height = | dam_width_base = | dam_width_crest = | dam_volume = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | construction_began = | opening = 1954 | cost = | owner = ''PRODEL'' | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_depth = | plant_operator = ''Empresa Publica de Producao de Electricidade (PRODEL)'' | plant_turbines = 4 | plant_capacity = {{convert|40|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_annual_gen = | plant_commission = 1954 | plant_decommission = | location_map = Angola#Africa#World | location_map_caption = Goobta Saldhigga Korontada ee Matala <br/>'''Meesha khariidadda ku taalla waa qiyaas''' | location_map_relief = | location_map_size = | coordinates = {{coord|14|44|38|S|15|02|31|E|type:landmark_region:AO|display=inline,title}} | website = | extra = }} '''Saldhigga Korontada ee Matala''' waa saldhig koronto oo biyo-mareen ah oo ku yaalla [[Webiga Kunene]], ee dalka [[Angola]], kaas oo leh awood dhalineed oo la rakibay oo dhan {{convert|40|MW|abbr=on}}. Saldhigga korontadu wuxuu bilaabay shaqada 1954-tii.<ref name="1R">{{cite web| url=http://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/4201 |title=Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Biyo-xireenka Matala |publisher=Global Energy Observatory |date=15 Febraayo 2010 |author=Rajan Gupta | access-date=15 Abriil 2021 |location=Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States}}</ref> ==Goobta== Saldhigga korontadu wuxuu ku yaallaa bangiyada Webiga Kunene, ee magaalada [[Matala, Angola|Matala]], ee [[Gobolka Huíla]], ee koonfur-galbeed Angola. Matala waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii {{convert|175|km|0}}, waddo ahaan, bariga magaalada [[Lubango]], oo ah caasimadda gobolka.<ref name="2R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Lubango,+Angola/Matala,+Angola/@-14.8240595,13.1429949,8z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1ba34b79115f7f23:0xcaa20e87e439fb10!2m2!1d13.5321234!2d-14.9186136!1m5!1m1!1s0x1bbc1d586d53d223:0xe9321a8b60522a84!2m2!1d15.0148322!2d-14.7398455!3e0 |title=Masaafada Waddada ee u dhaxaysa Matala, Angola Iyo Lubango, Angola |access-date=15 Abriil 2021}}</ref> Tani waa qiyaastii {{convert|985|km|0}}, waddo ahaan, koonfur-bari ee magaalada [[Luanda]], oo ah caasimadda Angola.<ref name="3R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Luanda,+Angola/Matala,+Angola/@-13.9214855,11.3062953,7z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1a51f15cdc8d2c7d:0x850c1c5c5ecc5a92!2m2!1d13.2301756!2d-8.8146556!1m5!1m1!1s0x1bbc1d586d53d223:0xe9321a8b60522a84!2m2!1d15.0148322!2d-14.7398455!3e0 |title=Masaafada Waddada ee u dhaxaysa Luanda, Angola Iyo Matala, Angola |access-date=15 Abriil 2021}}</ref> ==Taariikhda== Sannadkii 1954, Biyo-xireenka Matala waxaa loo igmaday ujeedo laba geesood ah oo ah bixinta biyo loogu talagalay waraabinta gobolka iyo bixinta koronto loogu talagalay koonfur-galbeed Angola.<ref name="5R">{{cite web| url=https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/multi-faceted-challenges-at-matala-dam/ |title=Caqabadaha dhinacyada badan leh ee Biyo-xireenka Matala |date=1 Abriil 2016 |publisher=Hydroreview.com | author=Anthony Martiniello |access-date=15 Abriil 2021}}</ref> Awooddii asalka ahayd ee lagu rakibay oo ahayd 39 megawatt waligeed lama gaarin, laakiin dayactirradii xigay ee 2001, 2011 iyo 2016 ayaa isku dayay inay gaaraan awood dhalineed oo ugu yaraan ah 40 megawatt.<ref name="6R">{{cite web|title=Qalabka Wacyigelinta Webiga Kunene: Kaabayaasha Korontada Biyaha ee Angola |date=15 Abriil 2021 | url=http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/INFRASTRUCTURE_FOR_HYDROPOWER_I.HTM |publisher=Kunene River Awareness Kit | access-date=15 Abriil 2021 |author=Kunene River Awareness Kit | location=Luanda}}</ref> ==Tilmaamaha== Biyo-xireenka Matala wuxuu leeyahay biyo-xireen (weir) cabbirkiisu ka badan yahay {{convert|700|m|0}}, oo dherer ah. Qaybaha kale ee dhismahan waxaa ka mid ah marin-galeen, marin-bax, iriddo dhaqaajin kara, qalabka farsamada korontada, khadadka korontada iyo qalabka beddelka. Biyo-xireenku wuxuu abuuraa kayd biyo ah oo leh celcelis bedka oogada oo ah {{convert|41|km²|acre}}, oo leh awood kaydin oo dhan {{convert|60000000|m³|0}}.<ref name="6R"/> ==Dayactirka iyo dib-u-habeynta== La aasaasay 1954, biyo-xireenka waxaa la dayactiray 2001 iyo 2011.<ref name="6R"/> Sannadkii 2011, ''Empresa Publica de Producao de Electricidade (PRODEL)'', oo ah mulkiilaha saldhigga korontada ayaa shaqaaleysiiyay ''SNC Lavalin Inc.'', oo ah shirkad Kanada ah si ay u "horumariso badbaadada xarunta iyo awoodda kaydinta biyaha" qiimo qandaraas oo dhan US$249.6 milyan. Dayactirka ayaa loo fuliyay wajiyo.<ref name="5R"/><ref name="7R">{{cite web|url=https://www.esi-africa.com/top-stories/angola-s-matala-hydroelectric-project-progresses/ |title=Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Matala ee Angola ayaa horumaraya |publisher=Clarion Events (Pty) Limited |author=ESI-Africa |date=25 Maarso 2013 |location=Rondebosch, South Africa |access-date=15 Abriil 2021}}</ref><ref name="8R">{{cite web| url=https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/storage/phase-two-of-rehabilitation-and-upgrade-beginning-at-40-mw-matala-hydropower-project-in-angola/ |title=Wajiga labaad ee dib-u-habeynta iyo cusboonaysiinta oo ka bilaabmaya mashruuca korontada biyaha ee 40-MW Matala ee Angola |date=20 Luulyo 2016 |publisher=Renewable Energy World |access-date=15 Abriil 2021 |author=Gregory Poindexter |location=Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Liiska saldhigyada korontada ee Angola]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{stack|{{Portal|Biyaha|Tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo}}}} * [https://furtherafrica.com/2016/05/19/angola-second-rehabilitation-phase-of-matala-dam-to-start-this-year/ Angola: Wajiga Labaad ee Dib-u-habeynta Biyo-xireenka Matala oo bilaabmaya Sannadkan] Ilaa May 2016. {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Matala Hydroelectric Power Station}} o40iopvc7z34kcfbu5d2vxee8blfhiu 0 48108 299726 2026-06-27T09:30:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Caculo Cabaça | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Angola | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Khariidadda Angola oo muujinaysa goobta Saldhigga Korontada ee Caculo Cabaça. | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|09|41|11|S|14|59|20|E|region:UG_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | location_map_relief = | country = [[Angola]] | location = São Pedro da Quilemba, [[Gobolka Cuanza Norte]] | purpose = P | status = UC | construction_began = 2017 | opening = 2026 (la filayo) | demolished = | cost = 5.2 bilyan oo US$ | owner = [[Dowladda Angola]] | operator = [[Gezhouba Group]] & Empresa Pública de Produção de Electricidade | dam_type = [[Roller-compacted concrete|RCC]] [[Biyo-xireen cufis]] | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Kwanza]] | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = 4 x 530 MW + 1 x 52 MW | plant_capacity = 2,172 MW | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Caculo Cabaça''' waa saldhig koronto oo biyo-mareen ah oo awoodiisu tahay 2,172 MW oo ka socda dhismahiisa dalka [[Angola]]. Marka la dhammaystiro, waxa uu ka weynaan doonaa Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee [[Laúca Hydroelectric Power Station]] oo leh 2,070 MW, kaas oo ah saldhigga korontada ugu weyn dalka, ilaa July 2017.<ref name="1R">{{cite web|title=Masuuliyiinta Angola oo dhagax-dhigay warshadda korontada biyaha ee Caculo Cabaca oo leh 2,170-MW, dhalintuna ka bilaabatay Lauca oo leh 2,070-MW |publisher=renewableenergyworld.com | url=https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-business/new-project-development/angolan-officials-break-ground-on-2-170-mw-caculo-cabaca-hydropower-plan-generation-begins-at-2-070-mw-lauca |date=8 Luulyo 2017 | author=Michael Harris |access-date=14 Oktoobar 2025 |location=United States of America}}</ref> ==Goobta== Saldhigga korontadu wuxuu ku yaallaa tuulada São Pedro da Quilemba, oo u dhow magaalada [[Dondo, Angola|Dondo]], ee [[Gobolka Cuanza Norte]].<ref name="2R">{{cite web|date=24 Sebtembar 2017 |url=https://ejatlas.org/conflict/hydroelectric-project-caculo-cabaca-angola |title=Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Caculo Cabaça, Angola |publisher=[[Environmental Justice Atlas]] |access-date=21 Juun 2020 |author=Daniela Del Bene}}</ref> Goobtaan waa qiyaastii {{convert|195|km|0}}, waddo ahaan, koonfur-bari ee [[Luanda]], oo ah caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn Angola.<ref name="3R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Luanda,+Angola/S.+Pedro+Da+Kilemba,+Angola/@-9.2789136,13.3056006,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1a51f15cdc8d2c7d:0x850c1c5c5ecc5a92!2m2!1d13.2301756!2d-8.8146556!1m5!1m1!1s0x1a4c8c4207c42a59:0x36057ffd2f230ecd!2m2!1d14.4948618!2d-9.7440413!3e0 |title=Masaafada Waddada ee u dhaxaysa Luanda, Angola Iyo São Pedro da Kilemba, Angola |access-date=21 Juun 2020}}</ref> Isku-duwayaasha juqraafiyeed ee Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Caculo Cabaça waa: 09°46'50.0"S, 14°32'58.0"E (Latitude:-9.780556; Longitude:14.549444).<ref name="4R">{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/9%C2%B046'50.0%22S+14%C2%B032'58.0%22E/@-9.7150218,14.7913567,80910m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-9.7805556!4d14.5494444 |title=Goobta Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Caculo Cabaça, Angola |access-date=21 Juun 2020}}</ref> ==Dulmar== Bishii Agoosto 2017, dhismaha ayaa ka bilaabmay saldhiggan korontada, oo uu wado qandaraaslaha la doortay, [[Gezhouba Group|China Gezhouba Group Company Limited]], iyadoo qayb ka mid ah maalgelinta ay ka timid [[Bangiga Warshadaha iyo Ganacsiga ee Shiinaha]] (ICBC) ee dowladda leedahay. Awoodda dhalineed ee qorshaysan ee Caculo Cabaça waa 2,172 megawatt, si loogu isticmaalo Angola iyo in loo dhoofiyo waddamada [[Barkadda Korontada ee Koonfurta Afrika]].<ref name="2R"/> Dhismaha ayaa la filayaa inuu socdo ugu yaraan 80 bilood.<ref name="1R"/> Bishii Oktoobar 2019, [[Wakaaladda Wararka Angola]] ayaa soo warisay in hawl-gelinta ganacsi ee saldhiggan korontada la filayo 2024-tii.<ref name="5R">{{cite web|date=16 Oktoobar 2019 | url=http://www.angop.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/economia/2019/9/42/Caculo-Cabaca-dam-starts-producing-power-2024,31ee869c-7bd5-4d53-8485-d7644b9c84f2.html |title=Biyo-xireenka Caculo Cabaça oo bilaabaya soo saarista koronto 2024 |publisher=[[Wakaaladda Wararka Angola]] | access-date=21 Juun 2020 |author=Wakaaladda Wararka Angola | location=Luanda}}</ref> Biyo-xireenka weyn wuxuu noqon doonaa {{convert|103|m|0}} dherer ah, oo leh ballac dusha sare ah oo ah {{convert|553|m|0}}, isagoo abuuraya harada kaydka oo cabbirkeedu yahay {{convert|16.3|km|0}} dherer ah, oo leh bedka oogada oo dhan {{convert|16.6|km2|0}}.<ref name="6R">{{cite news | url=https://www.ae-africa.com/read_article.php?NID=10314 | title=Caculo Cabaça Hydroelectric oo la filayo inay khadka ka soo gasho 2024 | publisher=Alternative Energy Africa | date=18 Oktoobar 2019 | author=Alternative Energy Africa | access-date=21 Juun 2020 | location=Qaahira, Masar }}</ref> ==Qiimaha dhismaha iyo maalgelinta== Wadarta qiimaha mashruuca ayaa lagu qiyaasay 4.5 bilyan oo US$, 85 boqolkiiba waxaa laga soo amaahday ICBC. Shirkadda dhismaha, Gezhouba Group, ayaa yeelan doonta, maamuli doonta oo dayactiri doonta saldhigga korontada ugu yaraan afar sano ka dib hawlgelinta ganacsi. Afartaas sano gudahood, China Gezhouba waxay tababari doontaa injineerada iyo farsamoyaqaannada Angola sidii ay u maamuli lahaayeen saldhigga korontada. Qiyaastii 10,000 oo shaqaale ayaa la filayaa in la shaqaaleysiiyo inta lagu jiro wajiga dhismaha.<ref name="1R"/> Bishii Maajo 2023 miisaaniyadda dhismaha ayaa kor loogu qaaday 5.2 bilyan oo US$, iyadoo 3.8 bilyan oo US$ loo qoondeeyay biyo-xireenka iyo 1.4 bilyan oo US$ loo qoondeeyay qalabka koronto-dhalinta iyo gudbinta. Dowladda [[Jarmalka]] ayaa ogolaatay inay 1.16 bilyan oo doolar amaahiso dowladda Angola si loo maalgeliyo soo iibinta iyo rakibida marawaxadaha iyo qalabka korontada ee la xiriira ee ay samaysay shirkadda Jarmalka ee [[Voith Hydro]].<ref name="WorkR">{{cite web| url=https://www.e-mc2.gr/el/news/angola-chinas-cggc-launches-work-caculo-cabaca-dam-2-gw |title=Angola: Shiinaha CGGC ayaa bilaabay shaqada biyo-xireenka Caculo Cabaça (2 GW) |work=e-mc2.gr | author=Jean Marie Takouleu |date=29 Maajo 2023 |access-date=14 Oktoobar 2025 | location=Shanghai, Shiinaha}}</ref> Bishii Janaayo 2024, Voith Hydro waxaa lagala xiriiray inay soo saarto afar marawaxadaha Francis oo midkiiba wax soo saarkiisu yahay 530MW iyo hal marawaxadaha Francis oo dheeraad ah oo leh wax soo saar 52MW, oo ay la socdaan qalab la xiriira. Marka saldhigga korontada si ganacsi ahaan loo hawlgeliyo, 67 boqolkiiba awoodda dhalineed ee qaranka Angola ayaa ka iman doonta ilaha korontada biyaha. Isha maalgelinta Yurub waxaa lagu aqoonsaday [[Commerzbank]] iyo [[UniCredit]], iyadoo dammaanad qaadyada u dhexeeya dowladaha ay bixisay [[Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee Jarmalka]]. Dalabka sahayda ee Voith wuxuu ka badan yahay 1 bilyan oo US$.<ref name="SoR">{{cite web| date=1 Janaayo 2024 |access-date=2 Juun 2024 |url=https://africanreview.com/energy/voith-to-equip-large-scale-hydropower-plant-in-angola |title=Voith Si ay u qalabeeyaan Warshad Biyo-dhaliye oo ballaaran oo ku taal Angola |work=African Review of Business & Technology (ARBT) |author=ARBT |location=London, United Kingdom}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Liiska saldhigyada korontada ee Angola]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist|33em}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://www.hydropower.org/country-profiles/angola/ Profaaylka Dalka Angola ee Korontada Biyaha] {{stack|{{Portal|Biyaha|Tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo}}}} {{Authority control}} 393u0zwfyx2tg0zxzh4wxd1lmizpiwk 0 48109 299727 2026-06-27T09:33:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Ruacana | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Namibia | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | location_map_relief = | coordinates = {{coord|17|23|56|S|14|13|17|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}<ref name="3R">{{google maps|title=Goobta Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Ruacana |access-date=6 May 2020 | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/17%C2%B023'56.0%22S+14%C2%B013'17.0%22E/@-17.3988889,14.2213889,375m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-17.3988889!4d14.2213889}}</ref> | country = Namibia | location = [[Ruacana]], [[Gobolka Omusati]] | purpose = P | status = O | construction_began = | opening = 1978 & 2012 | demolished = | cost = [[Rand-ka Koonfur Afrika|ZAR]] 162 milyan | owner = | operator = [[NamPower]] | dam_type = | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Kunene]] | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = Saldhigga Korontada ee Ruacana | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = [[Francis-type]]<br/>3 x {{convert|85|MW|abbr=on}}<br/>1 x {{convert|92|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_capacity = {{convert|347|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_capacity_factor= | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} [[File:Ruacana.jpg | thumb | right | Biyaha Ruacana ee Webiga Kunene, oo laga daawanayo dhinaca Namibia.]] '''Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Ruacana''' waa warshad [[koronto biyo-dhaliye]] ah oo ku taal [[Webiga Kunene]] agagaarka [[Ruacana]] ee waqooyi-galbeed [[Namibia]], meel u dhow xadka [[Angola]]. Waxaa la hawlgeliyay 1978-kii, waana saldhigga korontada ugu weyn Namibia. Hawlwadeenkeedu waa [[NamPower]], oo ah shirkadda qaranka ee korontada ee Namibia.<ref name="LPwR"/> ==Goobta== Saldhigga korontadu wuxuu ku yaallaa meel u dhow magaalada [[Ruacana]], ee [[Gobolka Omusati]] ee Namibia, oo ku xigta xadka caalamiga ah ee Angola.<ref name="1R">{{cite web|url=https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=184 | title=Profaaylka Saldhigga Korontada ee Ruacana, Namibia |date=6 May 2020 |publisher=[[NamPower]] |access-date=6 May 2020 |author=NamPower |location=Windhoek}}</ref> Saldhigga korontadu wuxuu ku yaallaa {{convert|757|km|0}}, waddo ahaan, waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Windhoek]], caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn Namibia.<ref name="2R">{{google maps|title=Masaafada u dhaxaysa Windhoek Iyo Ruacana ee Namibia |access-date=6 May 2020 | url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Windhoek,+Namibia/Ruacana,+Namibia/@-19.9843191,13.4295168,7z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1c0b1b5cb30c01ed:0xe4b84940cc445d3b!2m2!1d17.0657549!2d-22.5608807!1m5!1m1!1s0x1b96d60e5f9eae4f:0xd31f1a37f5403100!2m2!1d14.3908304!2d-17.436007!3e0}}</ref> Saldhigga korontada waxaa maamula [[NamPower]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/namibia-energy |title=Namibia: Hagaha Ganacsiga Dalka: Tamarta |publisher=[[Maamulka Ganacsiga Caalamiga ah]] | date=29 Agoosto 2020 |author=Maamulka Ganacsiga Caalamiga ah | access-date=12 Abriil 2021 |location=Washington, DC, United States}}</ref> ==Dulmar== Laga bilaabo Maajo 2020, Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Ruacana waa saldhigga koronto-dhalinta ugu weyn Namibia. Waxay ka kooban tahay qiyaastii 50 boqolkiiba awoodda dhalineed ee dalka.<ref name="LPwR">{{cite web|title=Namibia: NamPower oo kor u qaaday Saldhigga Korontada ee Ruacana |url=https://www.esi-africa.com/industry-sectors/generation/namibia-nampower-boosts-ruacana-power-station/ |publisher=ESI-Africa |date=11 Oktoobar 2016 | author=ESI-Africa | access-date=6 May 2020 |location=Rondebosch, South Africa}}</ref> Saddexdii ugu horreysay ee 80 MW [[Francis turbine]]-generators ayaa la hawlgeliyay 1978-kii. Sannadkii 2012, saddexdii marawaxadood ee asalka ahaa ayaa wax laga beddelay si ay u dhaliyaan ugu badnaan 85 megawatt midkiiba. Marawaxad afraad oo leh 92 megawatt awood ah ayaa sidoo kale la rakibay sannadkaas, taas oo ka dhigaysa awoodda dhalineed ee saldhigga {{convert|347|MW|0}}. Marawaxaddii afraad ee Francis turbine-generator waxaa dhistay [[Alstom]], [[Andritz AG| Andritz Hydro]] iyo [[Concor]] waxaana la hawlgeliyay 5 Abriil 2012.<ref name="5R">{{cite web|title=Marawaxaddii afraad ee Ruacana oo la hawlgeliyay |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=95824&page=archive-read |newspaper=[[The Namibian]] | date=6 Abriil 2012 |author=Catherine Sasman | access-date=6 May 2020 |location=Windhoek}}</ref> Saldhigga korontadu wuxuu ku yaallaa dhulka hoostiisa meel u dhow salka biyaha dhacaya.<ref name="1R"/> ==Isha Biyaha== Biyaha saldhigga korontada waxaa lagu kaydiyaa [[Biyo-xireenka Calueque]] qiyaastii {{convert|24|km|0}} kor ka xigta Biyaha Ruacana (Ruacana Falls) iyada oo la raacayo [[Webiga Kunene]] ee [[Calueque]], Angola. Biyo-xireenno dhowr ah oo kor ka xiga ayaa gacan ka geysta habaynta Webiga Kunene si ay uga caawiyaan saldhigga korontada inuu u shaqeeyo si hufan. Kor ka xiga waa [[Biyo-xireenka Gove]] oo ku yaalla galbeed-dhexe ee Angola, halka [[Biyo-xireenka Olushandja]] - oo ku yaalla mid ka mid ah webiyada ku shuba [[Webiga Kunene]], ''Webiga Etaka'' - uu ku yaallaa Namibia.<ref name="6R">{{cite news| editor=P. Saundry & C. Cleveland |author=C. Michael Hogan | url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Kunene_River?topic=78166 | title=Webiga Kunene |place=Washington, DC |publisher=Encyclopedia of Earth. Golaha Qaranka ee Sayniska iyo Deegaanka}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Liiska saldhigyada korontada ee Namibia]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_DEMAND/WATER_USE_AND_ALLOCATION/HYDROELECTRIC_POWER_GENERATION.HTM Qalabka Wacyigelinta Webiga Kunene] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018022556/http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_DEMAND/WATER_USE_AND_ALLOCATION/HYDROELECTRIC_POWER_GENERATION.HTM |date=2021-10-18 }} Laga bilaabo 2010. {{Authority control}} {{stack|{{Portal|Afrika|Biyaha|Tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo}}}} crmuyxd9juo1hjrtdbicucshtcjnix2 0 48110 299728 2026-06-27T09:37:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Luachimo | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Angola | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | location_map_relief = | coordinates = {{coord|07|21|47|S|20|50|36|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Angola]] | location = [[Luachimo]] | purpose = P | status = O | construction_began = | opening ={{Start date and age|1957|df=y}} | demolished = | cost = 212 milyan oo US$ | owner = | operator = | dam_type = | dam_crosses = Webiga Luachimo | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = Saldhigga Korontada ee Ruacana | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = [[Francis-type]]<br/>4 x {{convert|8.5|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_capacity = {{convert|34|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_capacity_factor= | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Luachimo''' waa warshad [[koronto biyo-dhaliye]] ah oo ku taal meel u dhow [[Luachimo]] ee waqooyi-bari [[Angola]], meel u dhow xadka ay la wadaagto [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo]].<ref name="1R">{{cite web|date=Maarso 2017 | url=https://www.andritz.com/hydro-en/hydronews/hn31/luachimo-angola |title=Luachimo, Angola: Marawaxado Cusub oo Isku-dhafan oo loogu talagalay Koronto Badan - Koronto Yar & Mini |publisher=Andritz.com |author=Hans Wolfhard |access-date=12 Juun 2020 |location=Vienna, Austria}}</ref> ==Goobta== Saldhigga korontadu wuxuu ku yaallaa Webiga Luachimo, ee [[Degmooyinka Angola|degmada]] [[Luachimo]], ee [[Gobolka Lunda Norte]] ee Angola, oo ku xigta xadka caalamiga ah ee ay la wadaagto Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiyadda Kongo. Luachimo waa goobta ay ku taal magaalada [[Dundo]], qiyaastii {{convert|1123|km|0}}, waddo ahaan, waqooyi-bari ee [[Luanda]], caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn Angola.<ref name="2R">{{google maps|title=Masaafada u dhaxaysa Luanda Iyo Dundo ee Angola |access-date=12 Juun 2020 | url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Luanda,+Angola/Dundo,+Angola/@-8.4332054,12.5315484,6z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1a51f15cdc8d2c7d:0x850c1c5c5ecc5a92!2m2!1d13.2301756!2d-8.8146556!1m5!1m1!1s0x1a2f5b95814610ff:0xe6734527b01a060c!2m2!1d20.8195292!2d-7.3741779!3e0}}</ref> Isku-duwayaasha juqraafiyeed ee Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Luachimo waa: 07°21'47.0"S, 20°50'36.0"E (Latitude:-7.363056; Longitude:20.843333).<ref name="3R">{{google maps|title=Goobta Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Luachimo |access-date=12 Juun 2020 | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/7%C2%B021'47.0%22S+20%C2%B050'36.0%22E/@-7.3622388,20.8744539,20353m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-7.3630556!4d20.8433333}}</ref> ==Dulmar== Dhismaha saldhigga korontada ee asalka ah ee goobtan, wuxuu bilaabmay 1953-dii.<ref name="4R">{{cite web|title=Dib-u-habeyn loo qorsheeyay 9-MW Luachimo iyo 1.6-MW Kunje ee Angola |publisher=Hydroreview.com |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/2008/05/29/refurbishment-planned-for-angolas-9-mw-luachimo-16-mw-kunje/#gref |date=29 Maajo 2008 |author=Hydro Review |access-date=12 Juun 2020}}</ref> Sannadkii 1957, saldhigga korontadu wuxuu bilaabay hawlgallada afar marawaxadood oo midkiiba lagu qiimeeyay 2.1 megawatt wadarta awoodda dhalineed oo dhan {{convert|8.4|MW|0}}. Saldhigga korontada waxaa leh oo maamula Empresa Nacional de Diamantes de Angola.<ref name="5R">{{cite web |url=https://www.industryabout.com/country-territories-3/2557-angola/hydro-energy/39744-luachimo-hydro-power-plant |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716193626/http://www.industryabout.com/country-territories-3/2557-angola/hydro-energy/39744-luachimo-hydro-power-plant |url-status=usurped |archive-date=16 Luulyo 2017 | title=Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Luachimo |publisher=Industryabout.com | date=15 Luulyo 2017 |access-date=12 Juun 2020 |author=Industry About}}</ref> ==Dib-u-habeynta iyo ballaarinta== Qorshayaasha lagu dayactirayo lana ballaarinayo saldhiggan korontada ayaa socday tan iyo 2009-kii, markii Emanuela Vieira Lopes, oo ahayd wasiirka tamarta ee dalka, ay qorshayaashaas ka dhigtay mid dadweyne.<ref name="6R">{{cite web|url=http://m.portalangop.co.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/sociedade/2009/4/22/Luachimo-hydroelectric-power-plant-rehabilitated,c653d8b9-b302-4ecf-8209-077e7aa2fb12.html |date=30 Maajo 2009 |title=Saldhigga korontada biyaha ee Luachimo oo la dayactirayo |publisher=[[Wakaaladda Wararka Angola]] | author=Wakaaladda Wararka Angola |access-date=13 Juun 2020 | location=Luanda}}</ref> Sannadkii 2016 ayaa shaqo ka bilaabatay saldhigga korontada, si loo kordhiyo awoodda dhalineed ee laga bilaabo 8.4 megawatt ilaa 34 megawatt. Marawaxad kasta oo cusub waxay yeelan doontaa awood dhalineed oo dhan 8.5 megawatt. Korontada la soo saaray waxay siin doontaa 186,000 oo qof oo ku nool magaalada Dundo iyo xaafadaha ku dhow. Dib-u-cusbooneysiinta iyo casriyeynta saldhigga korontada waxay ku kacday 212 milyan oo US$.<ref name="7R">{{cite web| url=http://www.angop.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/economia/2020/5/24/State-Secretary-for-Energy-oversees-Luachimo-dam-works,dfa2b91a-0074-4889-a0e9-78ab3329003e.html |title=Xoghayaha Gobolka ee Tamarta ayaa kormeeraya shaqooyinka biyo-xireenka Luachimo |publisher=[[Wakaaladda Wararka Angola]] |date=10 Juun 2020 |author=Wakaaladda Wararka Angola | access-date=12 Juun 2020 |location=Luanda}}</ref> Saldhigga korontada ee la dayactiray, ee la ballaariyay oo leh awood dhalineed oo dhan 34 MW, ayaa si ganacsi ahaan loo hawlgeliyay 17 Maajo 2024. Qandaraaslaha [[injineernimada, iibsashada iyo dhismaha]] wuxuu ahaa [[China Gezhouba Group Corporation]] (CGGC).<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/energy-china-relaunches-the-luachimo-hydroelectric-power-station-in-angola/ |title=Tamarta Shiinaha oo dib u bilowday saldhigga korontada biyaha ee Luachimo ee Angola | date=30 Maajo 2024 |work=Afrik21.africa |author=Jean Marie Takouleu | access-date=2 Juun 2024 |location=Paris, France}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{Portal|Afrika|Biyaha|Tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo}} * [[Liiska saldhigyada korontada ee Angola]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[https://www.africaoilandpower.com/2020/01/03/power-generation-in-angola/ Koronto-dhalinta ee Angola] Laga bilaabo 3 Janaayo 2020. {{Authority control}} {{stack|}} 1j9rx30njxx906kq48e6jzir3i9kw97 0 48111 299729 2026-06-27T09:40:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Gove | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Angola | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|13|27|4.23|S|15|52|6.01|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = Angola | location = [[Huambo]], [[Gobolka Huambo]] | purpose = Koronto, xakameynta fatahaadaha | status = O | construction_began = 1969 | opening = {{Start date and age|1975}} | demolished = | cost = | owner = | dam_type = Biyo-xireen, ciid iyo dhagax la dhisay | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Kunene]] | dam_length = {{Convert|1112|m|abbr=on}} | dam_height = {{Convert|58|m|abbr=on}} | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = {{Convert|4|e6m3|abbr=on}} | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = {{Convert|2547|e6m3|acre.ft|abbr=on}} | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = {{Convert|4667|km2|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.coba.pt/pdf/Ingles/Producao_Transport%20Energia/Hydropower%20generation.pdf | title=Horumarinta Korontada Biyaha | publisher=COBA | accessdate=27 Abriil 2014 | archive-date=3 Maarso 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192811/http://www.coba.pt/pdf/Ingles/Producao_Transport%20Energia/Hydropower%20generation.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = 2012 | plant_decommission = | plant_type = Caadi ah | plant_turbines = 3 x {{convert|20|MW|abbr=on}} [[Francis-type]] | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_capacity = {{convert|60|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }}Biyo-xireenka '''Gove''' waa [[biyo-xireen ciid iyo dhagax ah]] oo ku yaalla [[Webiga Kunene]] qiyaastii {{Convert|75|km|mi|abbr=on}} koonfurta [[Huambo]] ee [[Gobolka Huambo]], [[Angola]]. Ujeedada biyo-xireenku waa in la xakameeyo fatahaadaha iyo in la dhaliyo koronto [[biyo-dhaliye]] ah. Waxay leedahay awood dhalineed oo dhan {{convert|60|MW}} (saddex marawaxadood oo midkiiba yahay {{convert|20|MW}}), taas oo ku filan inay koronto siiso in ka badan 30,000 oo guri. ==Taariikhda== Biyo-xireenka Gove wuxuu ku kacay 279 milyan oo US$ waxaana dhistay kooxda dhismaha ee reer Brazil ee [[Odebrecht]]. Waxaa si rasmi ah loo daahfuray Agoosto 2012 by Madaxweynaha Angola. Biyo-xireenku wuxuu koronto u soo saaraa magaalooyinka [[Caála]], [[Huambo]], iyo [[Kuito]]. Dhismaha biyo-xireenka ayaa bilaabmay 1969-kii waxaana la dhammaystiray 1975-tii. Dhismaha saldhigga korontada ayaa la hakiyay laba jeer, laga bilaabo 1975 ilaa 1983 sababo la xiriira [[Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Angola]], ka dibna mar kale laga bilaabo 1986 ilaa 2001 sidoo kale dagaal darteed. Biyo-xireenka ayaa qayb ahaan lagu burburiyay dynamite 1990-kii. Marka laga soo tago saldhigga korontada, xarumaha korontada ee Caála, Dango, iyo Benfica (ee Huambo) ayaa la daahfuray xilligii la dhammaystiray. Xarumaha korontada iyo shabakadda qaybinta ayaa ku kacay 80 milyan oo US$.<ref>{{cite web|title=Biyo-xireenka korontada biyaha ee Gove oo laga daahfuray Angola|url=http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2012/08/23/gove-hydroelectric-dam-inaugurated-in-angola/|publisher=Macaupub|accessdate=25 Abriil 2014}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{stack|{{Portal|Biyaha|Tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo}}}} *[[Saldhigga Korontada ee Ruacana]] – oo ku yaalla dhinaca hoose ee Namibia, oo la dhisay iyadoo lala kaashanayo Biyo-xireenka Gove ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} bo06055blvar7sqmzptarg3inltf0uh 0 48112 299730 2026-06-27T09:42:47Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Koudiat Acerdoune | name_official = Barrage Koudiat Acerdoune | image = Zbarbar الزبربر 3.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Algeria | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|36|29|18|N|03|35|31|E|type:landmark_region:DZ|display=inline,title}} | country = Algeria | location = | status = O | construction_began = 2002 | opening = 2008 | demolished = | cost = | owner = | dam_type = Cufis (Gravity) | dam_height = {{Convert|121|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_length = {{Convert|493|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = {{Convert|1600000|m3|cuyd|0|abbr=on}} | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_crosses = Webiga Isser | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = {{Convert|640000000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_elevation = | res_max_depth = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_tidal_range = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Biyo-xireenka Koudiat Acerdoune''' waa [[biyo-xireen cufis ah]] oo ku yaalla {{Convert|9.5|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} koonfur-galbeed ee [[Kadiria]] oo ku yaalla Webiga Isser ee [[Gobolka Bouïra]], Algeria. Biyo-xireenka waxaa la dhisay intii u dhaxaysay 2002 iyo 2008 iyadoo la adeegsanayo farsamada [[laami-cufan (roller-compacted concrete)]]. Waxa uu u adeegaa ujeedada bixinta biyo loogu talagalay isticmaalka warshadaha, waraabka iyo dawladda hoose.<ref>{{cite web|title=Biyo-xireenka Koudiat Acerdoune, Algeria|url=http://www.peri.de/ww/en/projects.cfm/fuseaction/showreference/reference_ID/1977/referencecategory_ID/22.cfm|publisher=PERI|accessdate=22 Agoosto 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930153516/http://www.peri.de/ww/en/projects.cfm/fuseaction/showreference/reference_ID/1977/referencecategory_ID/22.cfm|archive-date=30 Sebtembar 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Waxa uu hayaa [[kayd biyo]] ah oo awoodiisu tahay {{Convert|640000000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} kaas oo bixiya biyo loogu talagalay waraabinta {{Convert|20000|ha|acre|0|abbr=on}} oo dhul ah iyo sidoo kale inuu siiyo gobolka [[Algiers]] {{Convert|178000000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} oo biyo la cabbi karo ah sannadkii.<ref>{{cite web|title=Riyada Dhisaha Biyo-xireenka|url=http://www.miningandconstruction.com/Portals/0/DynamicForms_Uploads/The%20dam%20builders_11-20-2009%209-51-34%20AM.pdf|publisher=Mining and Construction|accessdate=22 Agoosto 2011}}{{Dead link|date=Febraayo 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Portal|Biyaha}} * {{Commons category-inline|Koudiat Acerdoune Dam}} {{Dams of Algeria}} {{Authority control}} bm8rprhxtrjaw5kl7y7zzfjsxncuxo8 0 48113 299731 2026-06-27T09:45:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Keddara | name_official = Barrage Keddara | image = Keddara Dam.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Algeria | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|36|39|02|N|03|24|58|E|type:landmark_region:DZ|display=inline,title}} | country = Algeria | location = [[Keddara]] | status = O | construction_began = 1982 | opening = 1987 | demolished = | cost = | owner = | dam_type = Biyo-xireen, buuxinta dhagaxa iyo udub-dhexaad dhoobo ah | dam_height = {{Convert|108|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_length = {{Convert|470|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_width_crest = {{Convert|12|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_width_base = {{Convert|380|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_volume = {{Convert|4081000|m3|cuyd|0|abbr=on}} | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_crosses = Webiga Boudouaou | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = {{Convert|146500000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = {{Convert|5.2|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} | res_elevation = | res_max_depth = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_tidal_range = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} '''Biyo-xireenka Keddara''', ama '''Barrage Keddara''', waa [[biyo-xireen buuxinta ciidda ah]] oo ku yaalla {{Convert|6|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Keddara]] oo ku yaalla Webiga Boudouaou ee [[Gobolka Boumerdès]], Algeria. Waxaa la dhisay intii u dhaxaysay 1982 iyo 1987 shirkadda reer Yugoslavia ee Hidrotehnika, ujeedada koowaad ee biyo-xireenka waa bixinta biyo loogu talagalay waraabka iyo isticmaalka dawladda hoose ee [[Algiers]] oo ku taal {{Convert|35|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} dhinaca galbeed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Keddara {{!}} Algerie - Hidrotehnika - Hidroenergetika a.d.|url=http://www.hidroenergetika.rs/en/algerie/keddara/|access-date=2021-07-15|website=www.hidroenergetika.rs}}</ref> Kaydka biyaha ee biyo-xireenka wuxuu leeyahay awood dhan {{Convert|146500000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} kaas oo laga soo ururiyo biyo-mareennada iyo [[Biyo-xireenka Hamiz]] oo ku yaalla {{Convert|7.6|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} dhinaca galbeedka iyo [[Biyo-xireenka Beni Amrane]] oo ku yaalla {{Convert|17|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} dhinaca bari.<ref>{{cite web|title=Keddara|url=http://www.hidrotehnika.rs/en/algerie/keddara/|publisher=Hidrotehnika-Hidroenergetika|accessdate=22 Agoosto 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Biyo-xireenka Keddara|url=http://www.serbiaconstruction.com/projects/keddara-embankment-dam/|publisher=Serbia Construction|accessdate=22 Agoosto 2011}}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} qt6focp7uux8ik01jzxmg92bwszmvv5 0 48114 299732 2026-06-27T09:48:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Mukurumudzi | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | coordinates = | country = Kenya | location = Mombasa | purpose = Isha koowaad ee biyaha ee Mashruuca Ciidda Macdanta ee Kwale | status = | construction_began = Janaayo 2012 | opening = Agoosto 2013 | demolished = | cost = | owner = | operator = Base Resources | dam_type = Biyo-xireen ciid ah oo isku mid ah | dam_crosses = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = 24m | dam_length = 347 mitir | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = 200,000 mitir kuyuub | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = | plant_capacity_factor= | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} {{EngvarB|date=Maarso 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=Maarso 2014}} {{coord|4.3844|S|39.45|E|display=title}}<!-- kuwan waxay tilmaamayaan dhismooyin ku dhow miinooyinka --> Biyo-xireenka '''Mukurumudzi''' waa isha koowaad ee biyaha ee Mashruuca Ciidda Macdanta ee Kwale kaas oo qoda [[titanium]] iyo [[zircon]] macdanta ah oo laga helo buuraha bacaadka ah ee ku yaalla koonfurta [[Mombasa]], Kenya. Mashruuca Kwale waxaa maamula shirkadda macdanta ee Australia, [[Base Resources]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20110608/pdf/41z3898w1x420f.pdf |title=Base Resources Ltd : Ruqsadda Biyo-xireenka Mukurumudzi oo la cusbooneysiiyay |publisher=Asx.com.au |accessdate=2 Sebtembar 2013}}</ref> wuxuuna ku yaallaa 10 kiiloomitir gudaha xeebta Kenya iyo 50 kiiloomitir koonfurta Mombasa, oo ah xarunta dekedda ugu weyn Kenya. Naqshadeynta iyo maamulka dhismaha biyo-xireenka waxaa fulisay Wave International Pty Ltd iyada oo la kaashanaysa ARQ. Dhismaha biyo-xireenka ayaa bilaabmay Janaayo 2012 iyadoo la dhammaystiray Agoosto 2013, waxaana fuliyay Qandaraasle Madani ah oo maxalli ah oo Kenyan ah, Hayer Bishan Singh & Sons Ltd. == Naqshad == Biyo-xireenka Mukurumudzi waa [[biyo-xireen ciid ah]] oo dhererkiisu yahay 24m, leh udub-dhexaad dhexe oo dhex-galkiisu hooseeyo iyo furaha goynta iyo daaha dhoobada, si loo xaddido qulqulka hoostiisa biyo-xireenka. Shaqada meesha biyaha laga saaro waxay ka kooban tahay [[munaarad qaadashada]] oo ka samaysan shub aad loo xoojiyay iyo [[biyo-mareen]] la jiido oo ka samaysan shub aad loo xoojiyay iyo tuubooyin la xiriira.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.miningweekly.com/topic/mukurumudzi-dam |title=Biyo-xireenka Mukurumudzi – Wararka Macdanta |publisher=MiningWeekly.com |date= |accessdate=1 Sebtembar 2013}}</ref> Biyo-xireenka wuxuu ka kooban yahay {{convert|200000|m3}} oo bacaad-dhoobo ah oo ka yimid degaanka. Sababtoo ah la'aanta qalab dhoobo ah oo ku habboon degaanka, xuub-dhex-galka ah ee bentonite-sement-ciid aan biyuhu dhex-mari karin ayaa la dhisay iyadoo la raacayo biyo-xireenka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arq.co.za/projects/Mukurumudzi%20Dam.html |title=Mashaariicda : Biyo-xireenka Mukurumudzi |publisher=ARQ |date= |accessdate=1 Sebtembar 2013}}</ref> [[Biyo-baxa (spillway)]] wuxuu ku shubaa [[Webiga Mukurumudzi]]. Wuxuu ku yaallaa dhinaca bidix iyadoo leh {{convert|65|m|abbr=on}} ballac leh, oo aan la xakameyn karin oo ah biyo-bax shub ah, geeska biyaha ee ogee iyo kanaalka biyaha oo lagu dahaaray shub xooggan oo loogu talagalay {{convert|40|m|abbr=on}} ugu horreeya. Biyo-xireenku wuxuu xiraa qiyaastii 8.4 x 106 m³ heerka sahayda buuxda wuxuuna leeyahay aag biyaha qabta oo ah 133 km². Heerka ugu sarreeya ee biyaha waxaa loo dejiyay {{convert|58|m}} ka sarreeya heerka badda, dushana derbiga biyo-xireenka wuxuu ku yaallaa {{convert|61.2|m}} ka sarreeya heerka badda taas oo siinaysa dhererka derbiga biyo-xireenka oo ah {{convert|22|m|abbr=on}}, dhererka derbiga oo ah {{convert|347|m}} iyo mugga ugu sarreeya ee ku jira oo ah {{convert|8.8|Gl}}. Sahayda biyo-xireenka waxaa lagu kabayaa goobta qodista ee [[Gongoni]] marka heerka biyuhu ka hooseeyaan {{convert|6000000|m3}}. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} rdp3yvkjfp3wj9k6totsi2a4xbilh9g 0 48115 299733 2026-06-27T09:51:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Tichy-Haf | location = [[Gobolka Béjaïa|Béjaïa]] | dam_type = [[Biyo-xireen qaanso-cufis ah]] | construction_began = 1999 | opening = 2009 | cost = | owner = Agence Nationale des Barrages et Transferts | res_name = Kaydka Tichy-Haf | res_capacity_total = 80 milyan oo mitir kuyuub | location_map = Algeria | coordinates = {{coord|36|25|45.05|N|4|39|8.46|E|type:structure|display = inline}} | location_map_caption = Biyo-xireen ku yaalla Algeria | country = [[Algeria]] | purpose = I | dam_height_foundation = 90 m | res_surface = 5km2 | res_max_length = 2km }} Biyo-xireenka '''Tichy-Haf''' waa [[biyo-xireen qaanso-cufis ah]] oo ku yaalla [[Webiga Bou Sellam|Oued Bousellam]] oo ku yaalla [[Mahfouda]], [[Bouhamza|Degmada Bouhamza]], [[Gobolka Béjaïa|Béjaïa]], [[Algeria]]. ==Taariikhda== Dhismaha biyo-xireenka ayaa bilaabmay dhammaadkii 1990-meeyadii oo ay bilowday shirkadda [[Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] ee Hydrotchnika, ka dibna ay dhammaystirtay shirkadda Algeria ee Cosider Group. Biyo-xireenka waxaa la dhammaystiray 2008, waxaana la furay 26-kii Febraayo 2009. Biyo-xireenku wuxuu soo saaraa 47 milyan oo mitir kuyuub sannadkii oo biyo la cabbi karo ah oo loogu talagalay marin-biyoodka Akbou-Béjaïa, iyo 43 milyan oo mitir kuyuub sannadkii oo loogu talagalay waraabka. Biyo-xireenka agtiisa waxaa ku yaalla Warshadda Daweynta ee Tichy-Haf, taas oo leh awood dhan 120,000 oo mitir kuyuub maalintii, dhuun-biyood dhererkeedu yahay 70km iyo haamo lagu kaydiyo oo leh awood dhan {{cvt|42,000|m3}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nieuwe Trends Voor Heren & Dames |url=http://www.soudoud-dzair.com/index.php?action=esmap_vect&table=chahidgis_barrage&id=66 |website=Soudoud Dzair}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=EN RAISON DE LA VALEUR “TRÈS ÉLEVÉE” DE LA TURBIDITÉ : L’ADE de Béjaïa suspend la distribution d’eau du barrage de Tichy Haf - L’Actualité : Liberté |url=https://www.liberte-algerie.com/actualite/l-ade-de-bejaia-suspend-la-distribution-d-eau-du-barrage-de-tichy-haf-367254 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=www.liberte-algerie.com |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Youcef |first=BELHANI |date=1980-01-31 |title=ESMA, Développement des applications full web, Webmapping |url=http://197.112.0.211/soudoud-dzair/index.php?action=esmap_vect&table=chahidgis_barrage&id=66 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=197.112.0.211 |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Boudjadi |first=Kamel |date=2024-07-18 |title=De l’eau à partir du barrage de Bouhamza |url=https://www.lexpression.dz/societe/de-l-eau-a-partir-du-barrage-de-bouhamza-383681 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=L'Expression}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=L'Expression: Société - De l’eau à partir du barrage de Bouhamza |url=https://www.lexpression.dz/societe/de-l-eau-a-partir-du-barrage-de-bouhamza-383681 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240718032521/https://www.lexpression.dz/societe/de-l-eau-a-partir-du-barrage-de-bouhamza-383681 |archive-date=2024-07-18 |access-date=2026-03-13 |work=L'Expression |language=fr-dz}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=samir |date=2017-07-10 |title=TIFRA. Les habitants bloquent la mairie - |url=https://leflaye.net/tifra-les-habitants-bloquent-la-mairie |access-date=2026-03-13 |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tichy haf |url=https://www.anbt.dz/en/tichy-haf-2/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rédaction |date=2025-01-16 |title=Bejaïa : Le barrage de Tichy Haff reçoit un million de mètres cubes en 48 heures |url=https://lavoiedalgerie.dz/bejaia-le-barrage-de-tichy-haff-recoit-un-million-de-metres-cubes-en-48-heures/2025/16/13/ |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=La voie dAlgérie |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Dhismaha biyo-xireenka iyo kaydka biyuhu wuxuu ku yaallay dhul-beereed hore, kaas oo dadka degaanku ay ka mudaaharaadeen dhismihiisa sannadihii 2000-meeyadii iyo 2011-kii. Sannadkii 2023 biyo-xireenku wuxuu ahaa 6% oo keliya awooddiisa, taas oo keentay in ceelal biyood laga qodo dooxada iyo in kaydka biyuhu uu qayb ahaan qallalo.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=samir |date=2011-09-19 |title=Béjaïa en proie à la protestation - |url=https://leflaye.net/bejaia-en-proie-a-la-protestation |access-date=2026-03-13 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Dadka degaanku waxay inta badan u isticmaalaan biyo-xireenka iyo kaydka biyaha dabaasha, quusitaanka, doon-wadidda, waxaana jira geedo saytuun ah oo safan dhinaca webiga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabah |first=Irbah |date=2015-08-03 |title=Barrage de Tichy Haf (Béjaïa) : Des baigneurs bravent le danger |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/500863 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=Djazairess}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Commune de Darguina : Un programme pour désenclaver les villages |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/106446 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=Djazairess}}</ref> Kalluumeysigu wuxuu kaloo ka dhacaa kaydka biyaha, gaar ahaan [[Common carp]] iyo [[Common bream]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pêche continentale sur le barrage de Tichy Haf |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/10078 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230623001853/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/10078 |archive-date=2023-06-23 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=www.djazairess.com}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa khatar in lagu dabaasho ama lagu quusto meel aad ugu dhow biyo-xireenka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amghar |first=Kamel |date=2009-08-05 |title=Dangers omniprésents dans de nombreuses localités à Béjaïa |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/20731 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=Djazairess}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} 3mjdogh1927b5aeas4swx65shnumdrm 0 48116 299734 2026-06-27T09:55:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Mekin | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Cameroon | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Khariidadda Cameroon oo muujinaysa goobta ay ku taal Mekin HPP. | location_map_alt = | location_map_relief = | coordinates = {{coord|03|15|34|N|12|25|17|E|region:CM_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Cameroon]] | location = Mekin, [[Dja-et-Lobo|Degmada Dja iyo Lobo]], [[Gobolka Koonfurta (Cameroon)]] | purpose = P | status = UC | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = €52.5 milyan | owner = | operator = | dam_type = | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Dja]] | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = {{convert|611|m|abbr=on}} | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = ''HydroMekin'' | plant_commission = Q4 2022 (la filayo) | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = 4 x 3.75 MW | plant_capacity = {{convert|15|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_annual_gen = ~100 GWh | website = | extra = }} '''Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Mekin''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Saldhigga Korontada ee Mekin''', waa saldhig koronto oo biyaha ku shaqeeya oo awoodiisu tahay {{convert|15|MW|abbr=on}}, oo ku yaalla [[Cameroon]]. Saldhiggan korontada ayaa ahaa mid la dhisayay tan iyo horraantii 2010-meeyadii, iyadoo bilowgii hawlgelinta la qorsheeyay 2015-kii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mashruuca waxaa ragaadiyay dib-u-dhacyo badan, xiritaan warshadeed iyo dib-u-bilaabis. Saldhigga korontada ayaa qayb ahaan dib loo bilaabay Juun 2022 si loogu oggolaado dhalinta iyo bixinta 11.25 [[Megawatt|MW]] oo koronto ah, taas oo ka kooban 75 boqolkiiba awoodda ugu badan. Marka tijaabada wax-soo-saarka hadda ay dhammaato, waxaa la filayaa in qaybta ugu dambeysa la soo geliyo khadka inta lagu jiro rubuca afaraad ee 2022.<ref name="1R">{{cite web| work=Afrik21.africa | url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/cameroon-the-mekin-hydroelectric-power-station-partially-restarts-operation/ | title=Cameroon: Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Mekin oo qayb ahaan dib u bilaabay hawlgalka |date=1 Luulyo 2022 |author=Jean Marie Takouleu |access-date=2 Luulyo 2022 |location=Paris, France}}</ref> Mashruucan kaabayaasha tamarta dib-u-cusboonaysiinta ah ayaa waxaa horumarinaya '''Mekin Hydroelectric Development Corporation''' (Hydro Mekin sidoo kale HydroMekin), oo ah [[soo-saare koronto oo madax-bannaan]] (IPP) oo reer Cameroon ah. Qaataha tamarta waa ''ENEO Cameroon S.A.'', oo ah shirkadda adeegga korontada ee iskaashiga dadweynaha iyo kuwa gaarka loo leeyahay. Korontada waxaa loogu talagalay qaybinta ugu horrayn, [[Dja-et-Lobo|Degmada Dja iyo Lobo]] ee [[Gobolka Koonfurta (Cameroon)|Gobolka Koonfurta]] ee Cameroon, halkaas oo saldhigga korontadu ku yaallo.<ref name="2R">{{cite web |url=https://www.businessincameroon.com/energy/2706-12642-mekin-dam-resumes-operations-after-a-2-year-shutdown |title=Biyo-xireenka Mekin oo dib u bilaabay hawlgallada ka dib xiritaan 2 sano ah |work=Business In Cameroon |date=29 Maajo 2022 |author=Business in Cameroon | access-date=2 Luulyo 2022 |location=Yaounde, Cameroon}}</ref> ==Goobta== Saldhigga korontadu wuxuu ku fidsan yahay [[Webiga Dja]], isla markiiba dhinaca hoose ee isgoyska uu la leeyahay ''Webiga Lobo'', ee ''Mekin Village'', ee ''Degmada Dja iyo Lobo'' ee Gobolka Koonfurta ee Cameroon. Mekin wuxuu ku yaallaa qiyaastii {{convert|75|km|0}}, waqooyi-bari ee magaalada [[Sangmélima]], xarunta degmada.<ref name="3R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Mekin,+Cameroon/Sangmelima,+Cameroon/@3.4926536,12.3912899,7.75z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x108ec1f36fd37db1:0xa54c54489bb70d92!2m2!1d12.4172595!2d3.2666386!1m5!1m1!1s0x1088d1611a775449:0xd6d3297e0ced6365!2m2!1d11.9861694!2d2.9372148!3e0 |title=Masaafada Waddada u dhaxaysa Mekin, Cameroon Iyo Sangmélima, Cameroon |access-date=2 Luulyo 2022}}</ref> Tani waa qiyaastii {{convert|194|km|0}} koonfur-bari ee [[Yaoundé]], caasimadda dalka Cameroon.<ref name="4R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Mekin,+Cameroon/Yaound%C3%A9,+Cameroon/@3.4832673,12.0262881,8.25z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x108ec1f36fd37db1:0xa54c54489bb70d92!2m2!1d12.4172595!2d3.2666386!1m5!1m1!1s0x108bcf7a309a7977:0x7f54bad35e693c51!2m2!1d11.5020752!2d3.8480325!3e0 |title=Masaafada Waddada u dhaxaysa Mekin, Cameroon Iyo Yaoundé, Cameroon |access-date=2 Luulyo 2022}}</ref> Isku-duwayaasha juqraafiyeed ee Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Mekin waa: 3°15'34.0"N, 12°25'17.0"E (Latitude:3.259444; Longitude:12.421389).<ref name="5R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/3%C2%B015'34.0%22N+12%C2%B025'17.0%22E/@3.2594444,12.4213889,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0xf376393c31551760!8m2!3d3.2594444!4d12.4213889 |title=Goobta Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Mekin |access-date=2 Janaayo 2022}}</ref> ==Dulmar== Naqshadu waxay ugu baaqaysaa [[biyo-xireen dhagax-buuxin ah]] oo leh afar marawaxadood oo dhalin ah, midkiiba lagu qiimeeyay 3.75 MW wadarta awoodda dhalineed oo dhan 15 MW. Tamarta waxay ka baxdaa marawaxadaha dhalinta 63kV. Xarunta korontada ee ka baxsan saldhigga korontada, tamarta waxaa loo kordhiyaa 110kV. Kadib waxaa lagu kala gudbiyaa fiilooyinka korontada sare ee hawada sare ilaa xarunta ENEO ee ''Ndjom Yekomo''. Halkaas tamarta waxaa lagu hoosaysiiyaa 30kV ka dibna waxaa loo gelayaa shabakadda ENEO si loo qaybiyo.<ref name="6R">{{cite web| url=https://www.esi-africa.com/industry-sectors/generation/cameroon-course-15mw-hydroelectrical-power-dam/ |title=Cameroon oo ku socota biyo-xireen koronto oo 15MW ah | work=ESI-Africa |date=28 Febraayo 2018 |author=Babalwa Bungane |access-date=2 Juun 2022 |location=Cape Town, Koonfur Afrika}}</ref> ==Dhismaha iyo maalgelinta== Qandaraaslaha [[injineernimada, iibsashada iyo dhismaha]] (EPC) waa [[China National Electric Engineering Company]] (CNEEC). Miisaaniyadda bilowga ahayd waxay ahayd CFA 25 bilyan (qiyaastii €40 milyan), iyadoo [[Exim Bank of China]] uu amaahiyay 85 boqolkiiba iyo dawladda Cameroon ay ku darsatay 15 boqolkiiba.<ref name="2R"/> Laga bilaabo Juun 2022, iyadoo kharashyo badan ay kordheen, ugu yaraan €52.5 milyan ayaa lagu kharash gareeyay dhismaha.<ref name="1R"/> ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Liiska saldhigyada korontada ee Cameroon]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/cameroon-memveele-and-mekin-dams-to-start-operating-in-2020/ Cameroon: Biyo-xireenada Memve’éle iyo Mekin oo bilaabaya inay shaqeeyaan 2020] Laga bilaabo 24 Abriil 2019. {{Authority control}} rwow2lgb7mt8ertviqde7616mqvuqi6 0 48117 299735 2026-06-27T09:58:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Saldhigga Korontada ee Mbakaou | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Cameroon | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Khariidadda Cameroon oo muujinaysa goobta Saldhigga Korontada ee Mbakaou | location_map_alt = | location_map_relief = | coordinates = {{coord|06|18|17|N|12|48|31|E|region:CM_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Cameroon]] | location = [[Mbakaou]], [[Djérem|Degmada Djérem]], [[Gobolka Adamawa]] | purpose = P | status = O | construction_began = Sebteembar 2019 | opening = Diseembar 2021 | demolished = | cost = €6.8 milyan | owner = ''IED Invest'' | operator = IED Invest | dam_type = | dam_crosses = Webiga Djérem | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = Diseembar 2021 | plant_decommission = | plant_type = R | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = [[Kaplan turbine|Nooca Kaplan]]: 2 x 0.74 MW | plant_capacity = {{convert|1.48|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_annual_gen = 11.2 GWh | website = | extra = }} '''Saldhigga Korontada ee Mbakaou''' waa saldhig koronto oo yar oo biyaha ku shaqeeya oo awoodiisu tahay {{convert|1.48|MW}} oo ku yaalla Cameroon. Si ganacsi ahaan loo hawlgeliyay Diseembar 2021, mashruuca tamarta dib-u-cusboonaysiinta ah waxaa si wadajir ah u horumariyay [[Dawladda Cameroon]], iyadoo lala kaashanayo ''IED Invest'', oo ah [[soo-saare koronto oo madax-bannaan]] (IPP) oo fadhigiisu yahay Faransiiska, iyo ''Eneo Cameroon S.A.'', oo ah shirkadda [[parastatal]]-ka ah ee qaybinta korontada qaranka Cameroon. Korontada laga dhaliyo saldhiggan, oo dhan 11.2 GWh sannadkii, ayaa loo iibiyaa Eneo Cameroon, iyadoo la raacayo heshiis 20-sano ah oo [[iibinta korontada]], waxaana loo qaybiyaa qiyaastii 40,000 oo qof oo ku nool [[Gobolka Adamawa]] ee Cameroon.<ref name="1R">{{cite web|url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/cameroon-mbakaou-mini-hydroelectric-power-station-goes-into-commercial-operation/ |title=Cameroon: Saldhigga korontada biyaha ee yar ee Mbakaou oo bilaabay hawlgallada ganacsi |work=Afrik21.africa |date=19 Abriil 2022 |author=Jean Marie Takouleu |access-date=21 Abriil 2022 | location=Paris, France}}</ref><ref name="2R">{{cite web| url=https://www.esi-africa.com/industry-sectors/generation/new-mini-hydropower-plant-humbles-cameroon-thermal-operations/ | title=Saldhig cusub oo korontada biyaha ah oo ka dhigaya hawlgallada kulaylka ee Cameroon mid hooseeya |work=ESI-Africa |date=20 Abriil 2022 |author=Nasi Hako |access-date= 21 Abriil 2022 |place=Cape Town, Koonfur Afrika}}</ref> ==Goobta== Saldhigga korontadu wuxuu ku yaallaa Webiga Djérem, kaas oo ah webi laamo ah oo ka mid ah [[Webiga Sanaga]], ee magaalada [[Mbakaou]], ee [[Djérem|Degmada Djérem]], ee [[Gobolka Adamawa]] ee Cameroon.<ref name="1R"/> Mbakaou wuxuu ku yaallaa qiyaastii {{convert|34|km|0}} koonfur-bari ee [[Tibati]], oo ah magaalada ugu weyn ee ugu dhow.<ref name="3R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Mbakaou,+Cameroon/Tibati,+Cameroon/@6.3385859,12.8242366,11z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x10f181dc1ebcf1e1:0x55bfd66bd60c35a!2m2!1d12.81151!2d6.307685!1m5!1m1!1s0x10f16e392618a181:0x6592ea3c4bad35ba!2m2!1d12.6187506!2d6.470326!3e0 |title=Masaafada Waddada u dhaxaysa Mbakaou, Cameroon Iyo Tibati, Cameroon oo wadata Khariidad |access-date=21 Abriil 2022}}</ref> Tani waa qiyaastii {{convert|489|km|0}}, waqooyi-bari ee [[Yaounde]], caasimadda qaranka.<ref name="4R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Mbakaou,+Cameroon/Yaound%C3%A9,+Cameroon/@4.8951918,11.3618499,8z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x10f181dc1ebcf1e1:0x55bfd66bd60c35a!2m2!1d12.81151!2d6.307685!1m5!1m1!1s0x108bcf7a309a7977:0x7f54bad35e693c51!2m2!1d11.5020752!2d3.8480325!3e0 |title=Masaafada Waddada u dhaxaysa Mbakaou, Cameroon Iyo Yaounde, Cameroon oo wadata Khariidad |access-date=21 Abriil 2022}}</ref> ==Dulmar== Awoodda lagu rakibay rakibaaddan biyaha ee yar waa laba 0.74 MW [[Kaplan turbine|nooca Kaplan]] ah, kuwaas oo leh awoodda ugu badan oo dhan 1.48 megawatt. Saldhigga korontada waxaa leh ''IED Invest'', oo ah IPP fadhigeedu yahay Francheville, [[France]]. Korontada laga dhaliyo halkan waxaa loo iibiyaa Eneo Cameroon, oo ah shirkadda adeegga korontada ee dadweynaha qaranka.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="5R">{{cite web|url=https://www.ied-sa.fr/en/home/newsgb/465-mbakaou-hydroelectric-power-plant-soon-to-be-operational.html | title=Saldhigga Korontada ee Mbakaou oo dhawaan bilaabaya hawlgalka | work=IED-SA.Fr |date=15 Oktoobar 2021 |author=IED France | access-date=21 Abriil 2022 |place=Francheville, France}}</ref> Korontada laga dhaliyo saldhiggan waxaa lagu gudbiyaa iyada oo loo marayo {{convert|40|km|0}} oo dherer ah oo ah 30 kV oo koronto dhexdhexaad ah oo ka timaada saldhigga korontada ilaa xarunta Eneo Cameroon, halkaas oo tamarta ay gelayso shabakadda korontada qaranka.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="5R"/> ==Taariikhda== Dhismaha ayaa bilaabmay Sebteembar 2019.<ref name="6R">{{cite web| url=https://www.africanpowerplatform.org/news/press-releases-2/external/1306-press-release-mbakaou-cameroon-s-first-small-private-hydroelectric-power-plant.html |title=Mbakaou: Saldhigga korontada biyaha ee gaarka loo leeyahay ee ugu horreeya Cameroon! |date=15 Sebteembar 2019 |work=Africanpowerplatform.org |access-date=21 Abriil 2022 | author=African Power Platform |location=Nairobi, Kenya}}</ref><ref name="7R">{{cite web|work=Africanpowerplatform.org | url=https://www.africanpowerplatform.org/news/press-releases-2/external/1306-press-release-mbakaou-cameroon-s-first-small-private-hydroelectric-power-plant.html |title=Mbakaou: Saldhigga korontada biyaha ee gaarka loo leeyahay ee ugu horreeya Cameroon!: Dhismaha Waxa uu Bilaabmay Sebteembar 2019 |date=25 Sebteembar 2019 |author=African Power Platform |access-date=21 Abriil 2022 |location=Nairobi, Kenya}}</ref> Rakibaadda biyaha ee yar ee la dhammaystiray ayaa si ganacsi ahaan loo hawlgeliyay Diseembar 2021.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="8R">{{cite web| work=Businessincameroon.com | url=https://www.businessincameroon.com/energy/0709-11856-mbakaou-hydropower-plant-aer-announces-possible-completion-in-nov-2021-instead-of-june |title=Saldhigga korontada biyaha ee Mbakaou: AER waxay ku dhawaaqday dhammaystirka suurtagalka ah ee Noofembar 2021 halkii laga ahaan lahaa Juun |date=7 Sebteembar 2021 |author=Business in Cameroon Magazine |access-date=21 Abriil 2022 | location=Yaounde}}</ref> ==Kharashka dhismaha iyo maalgelinta== Kharashka dhismaha ayaa lagu soo warramay inuu yahay €6.8 milyan (XaF 4.5 bilyan). Maalgelinta mashruuca waxaa laga helay [[Midowga Yurub]], [[French Facility for Global Environment]] iyo [[BGFIBank Group]], oo xaruntiisu tahay [[Libreville]], Gabon.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="6R"/> ==Tixgelin kale== Waxaa jirta suurtagalnimo ah in la kordhiyo awoodda saldhiggan korontada mustaqbalka, ilaa 2.8 megawatt.<ref name="8R"/> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{stack|{{Portal|Cameroon|Biyo|Tamarta dib-u-cusboonaysiinta}}}} *[[Liiska saldhigyada korontada ee Cameroon]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist|33em}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/6%C2%B018'17.0%22N+12%C2%B048'31.0%22E/@6.3047222,12.8086111,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0xb3cb1fa815bc3d5b!8m2!3d6.3047222!4d12.8086111 Goobta Qiyaasta ah ee Saldhigga Korontada ee Mbakaou] {{Authority control}} 2g8pmlzytzuxhz0cysrt5bi3sqhnoru 0 48118 299736 2026-06-27T10:06:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Kikot | image = | image_caption = | name_official = | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Sanaga]] | location = Kikot, [[Cameroon]] | dam_type = RCC [[Biyo-xireen cufis ah]] | dam_length = | dam_height = | dam_width_base = | dam_width_crest = | dam_volume = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | construction_began = 2025 (la filayo) | opening = 2030 (la filayo) | cost = €991 milyan | owner = Kikot Hydro Power Company | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_depth = | plant_operator = Kikot Hydro Power Company | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = 500 MW | plant_annual_gen = | plant_commission = 2030 (la filayo) | plant_decommission = | location_map = Cameroon#Africa#World | location_map_caption = Goobta Saldhigga Korontada ee Kikot <br/>'''Meesha khariidadda saaran waa qiyaas''' | location_map_relief = | location_map_size = | coordinates = {{coord|04|10|15.5|N|11|01|25|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | website = | extra = }} '''Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Kikot''' ('''KHPS'''), waa saldhig koronto oo biyaha ku shaqeeya oo awoodiisu tahay 500 megawatt oo la qorsheeyay, kaas oo ka socda horumarin gudaha [[Cameroon]] oo ku fidsan [[Webiga Sanaga]]. Xuquuqda horumarinta waxaa la siiyay ''Kikot Hydro Power Company'' (KHPC), oo ah shirkad ujeeddo gaar ah loo aas-aasay (SPV), oo ay leeyihiin [[Électricité de France]] iyo Dawladda Cameroon. Heshiis muddo-dheer ah oo [[iibinta korontada]] (PPA) ayaan weli la kala saxiixan Eneo Cameroon S.A. iyo KHPC.<ref name="1R">{{cite web| url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/cameroon-after-nachtigal-frances-edf-is-to-build-a-new-dam-on-the-sanaga-river/ |title=Cameroon: Ka dib Nachtigal, EDF ee Faransiiska ayaa dhisaysa biyo-xireen cusub oo ku yaalla webiga Sanaga |work=Afrik21.africa |date=26 Sebteembar 2023 |author=Jean Marie Takouleu |access-date=1 Oktoobar 2023 |location=Paris, France}}</ref> ==Goobta== Biyo-xireenku wuxuu ku yaallaa Webiga Sanaga, qiyaastii {{convert|60|km|0}}, [[sida shimbirku u duulo]], waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Yaoundé]], caasimadda dalka Cameroon.<ref name="1R"/> Masaafada waddadu waa qiyaastii {{convert|147|km|0}}.<ref name="2R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Yaound%C3%A9,+Cameroon/Kikot,+Cameroon/@4.2444253,11.2271543,9.29z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x108bcf7a309a7977:0x7f54bad35e693c51!2m2!1d11.5020752!2d3.8480325!1m5!1m1!1s0x108a5da02806d3a5:0xf08840b2eacbd59e!2m2!1d11.0033341!2d4.197967!3e0?entry=ttu |title=Masaafada Waddada u dhaxaysa Yaounde, Cameroon Iyo Kikot, Cameroon |access-date=1 Oktoobar 2023}}</ref> Saldhigga korontadu wuxuu ku fidi doonaa Webiga Sanaga oo ku yaalla xadka u dhexeeya [[Gobolka Xeebta (Cameroon)|Gobolka Xeebta]] iyo [[Gobolka Dhexe (Cameroon)|Gobolka Dhexe]] ee dalka.<ref name="3R">{{cite web|url=https://cameroun.edf.com/en/our-activities/hydropower/kikot-hydroelectric-scheme |title=Qorshaha korontada biyaha ee Kikot |work=EDF Cameroon |date=Sebteembar 2023 | author=EDF Cameroon |access-date=1 Oktoobar 2023 |location=Yaounde, Cameroon}}</ref> ==Dulmar== Noofembar 2019, [[Électricité de France|EDF]] waxay saxiixday [[heshiis is-faham]] oo lala galay [[dawladda Cameroon]] (GOC), si si wadajir ah loo dhiso saldhig koronto, oo ku yaalla Webiga Sanaga, dhinaca hoose ee [[Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Nachtigal]] oo leh awood dhalineed oo u dhaxaysa 450 iyo 700 megawatts. Juun, heshiiskii is-fahamka waxaa loo cusboonaysiiyay heshiis horumarineed oo u dhexeeya EDF iyo GOC.<ref name="3R"/><ref name="4R">{{cite web| work=Business in Cameroon (BIC)|url=https://www.businessincameroon.com/energy/0410-12786-cameroon-edf-counts-on-the-world-bank-to-finance-the-kikot-dam |title=Cameroon: EDF waxay ku tiirsan tahay Bangiga Adduunka si ay u maalgeliso biyo-xireenka Kikot |date=4 Oktoobar 2022 |author=BIC |access-date=1 Oktoobar 2023 |location=Yaounde, Cameroon}}</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay EDF, muddada u dhaxaysa 2022 iyo 2024 waxaa loo isticmaalayaa in lagu sameeyo shirkadda SPV, in la fuliyo daraasado deegaan iyo kuwa suurtagalnimada ah, in la helo maalgelin iyo in la gaaro xiritaanka maaliyadeed iyo guulaha la xiriira oo ay ku jiraan saxiixa PPA. Dhismaha ayaa markaas bilaaban doona 2025, iyadoo hawlgelinta ganacsiga la filayo 2030.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="3R"/><ref name="4R"/><ref name="5R">{{cite web| url=https://cemac-eco.finance/kikot-electricity-project-underway-as-cameroons-finance-minister-meets-project-director/ |title=Mashruuca korontada ee Kikot oo socda iyadoo Wasiirka Maaliyadda ee Cameroon uu la kulmay Agaasimaha Mashruuca |work=Cemac-Eco-Finance |date=Sebteembar 2023 | author=Peter Nsoesie |access-date=1 Oktoobar 2023 |location=Paris, France}}</ref> ==Lahaanshaha== Saldhigga korontada waxaa leh shirkadda ujeeddo gaar ah oo la yiraahdo '''Kikot Hydro Power Company''' (KHPC). Jadwalka hoose wuxuu muujinayaa saamiga KHPC.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="6R">{{cite web|url=https://trendsnafrica.com/cameroon-and-edf-creates-jv-for-the-kikot-dam-project/ |title=Cameroon iyo EDF waxay abuureen JV mashruuca biyo-xireenka Kikot |work=TrendsnAfrica (TNA) |date=Sebteembar 2023 | author=TNA |access-date=1 Oktoobar 2023 |location= New Delhi, India}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ '''Saamiga shirkadda Kikot Hydro Power Company''' ! style="width:2em;" |Darajo !!Saamileey!!Domicile ||Boqolkiiba ||Qoraallo |- |1||[[Électricité de France]] ||[[Faransiiska]] || ||<ref name="1R"/><ref name="6R"/> |- |2|| [[Dawladda Cameroon]] ||[[Cameroon]] || ||<ref name="1R"/><ref name="6R"/> |- | ||{{center|'''Wadarta'''}}|| || || |- |} ==Kharashka dhismaha== Kharashka lagu qiyaasay biyo-xireenka iyo saldhigga korontada waa CFA 650 bilyan (qiyaastii US$1.050 bilyan) sidoo kale (qiyaastii €991 bilyan) Oktoobar 2023. [[World Bank Group]], gaar ahaan [[International Finance Corporation]] (IFC) ayaa la filayaa inay noqdaan maalgeliyayaal waaweyn oo mashruucan ah.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="4R"/> ==Jadwalka iyo hawlgelinta== Sida laga soo xigtay EDF dhismaha waxaa la filayaa inuu bilaabmo 2025. Hawlgelinta ganacsiga waxaa la filayaa 2030.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="3R"/> ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Liiska saldhigyada korontada ee Cameroon]] * [[Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Nachtigal]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{stack|{{Portal|Cameroon|Biyo|Tamarta dib-u-cusboonaysiinta}}}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Kikot}} 10easi8emxpjvrl2w390106c9251wfx 0 48119 299737 2026-06-27T10:09:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Grand Eweng | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Cameroon | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = Khariidadda muujinaysa goobta Grand Eweng. | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|4|04|22|N|10|37|48|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = Cameroon | location = [[Sanaga-Maritime]] Department, [[Gobolka Littoral (Cameroon)|Gobolka Littoral]] | purpose = Koronto | status = La soo jeediyay | construction_began = | opening = | demolished = | cost = | builder = | designed_by = | owner = | operator = | dam_type = Qayb [[Biyo-xireen cufis ah]] / Qayb [[Biyo-xireen dhagax-buuxin ah]] | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Sanaga]] | dam_height_foundation = | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_length = | spillway_capacity = | spillway_volumetric_flow_rate = | spillway_type2 = | spillway_length2 = | spillway_capacity2 = | spillway_volumetric_flow_rate2 = | spillway_type3 = | spillway_length3 = | spillway_capacity3 = | spillway_volumetric_flow_rate3 = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive = | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | lower_dam_type = | lower_dam_crosses = | lower_dam_height_foundation = | lower_dam_height_thalweg = | lower_dam_length = | lower_dam_elevation_crest = | lower_dam_width_crest = | lower_dam_width_base = | lower_dam_volume = | lower_spillway_count = | lower_spillway_type = | lower_spillway_length = | lower_spillway_capacity = | lower_spillway_volumetric_flow_rate = | lower_spillway_type2 = | lower_spillway_length2 = | lower_spillway_capacity2 = | lower_spillway_volumetric_flow_rate2 = | lower_spillway_type3 = | lower_spillway_length3 = | lower_spillway_capacity3 = | lower_spillway_volumetric_flow_rate3 = | lower_res_name = | lower_res_capacity_total = | lower_res_capacity_active = | lower_res_capacity_inactive = | lower_res_catchment = | lower_res_surface = | lower_res_max_length = | lower_res_max_width = | lower_res_max_depth = | lower_res_elevation = | lower_res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|..|..|type:landmark|display=inline}}--> | plant_operator = | plant_commission = 2028 (La filayo) | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = | plant_pumpgenerators = | plant_pumps = | plant_capacity = 1,000 MW (La filayo) | plant_capacity_factor = | plant_efficiency = | plant_storage_hours = | plant_annual_gen = | plant_annual_gen_year = | website = | extra = }} '''Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Grand Eweng''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Saldhigga Korontada ee Grand Eweng''', waa mashruuc koronto oo biyaha ku shaqeeya oo awoodiisu tahay qiyaastii 1,800 megawatt kaas oo ka gudba [[Webiga Sanaga]] oo lagu dhisi doono [[Cameroon]]. Saldhigga korontada ee Grand Eweng ayaa la filayaa inuu noqdo isha ugu weyn ee tamarta biyaha ee Cameroon. Mashruuca Grand Eweng waxaa horumarinaya shirkadda Hydromine ee ka socota Maraykanka iyada oo ku hadlaysa magaca [[Dawladda Cameroon]] oo ku salaysan heshiiska [[Dhis-shaqey-wareeji|dhis-leh-hawlgeli-wareeji]] (BOOT). ==Goobta== Saldhigga korontadu wuxuu ku yaalli doonaa goobta Grand Eweng, ee ku taal Webiga Sanaga, qiyaastii 8 kiiloomitir (5 mayl) oo waddo ah oo ka sarreeya magaalada [[Sackbayeme]] iyo 100 kiiloomitir (60 mayl) oo u dhexeeya [[Yaoundé]] iyo [[Douala]], oo ku taal bariga [[Gobolka Littoral (Cameroon)|Gobolka Littoral]] ee u dhow tuulooyinka Log Pagal iyo Kahn, oo xuduud la leh galbeedka Gobolka Dhexe (Centre Region). Saldhigga korontadu wuxuu noqon doonaa qiyaastii 25 km oo ka sarreeya [[Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Song Loulou]] ee hadda jira. Isku-duwayaasha goobta Grand Eweng waa: 4°04’22”N, 10°37’48”E. ==Dulmar== Saldhigga Korontada ee Grand Eweng waa mashruuc koronto oo biyaha ku shaqeeya oo hadda laga horumarinayo Cameroon kaas oo lagu dhisi doono Webiga Sanaga ee hoose oo ka sarreeya Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Song Loulou. Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Grand Eweng ee la soo jeediyay wuxuu ka kooban yahay biyo-xireen iyo kayd biyo leh oo leh xarun koronto oo biyaha ku shaqeysa oo leh awood rakiban oo dhan qiyaastii 1,000 MW ee wajiga koowaad oo lagu maalgelin doono sidii soo-saare koronto oo madax-bannaan.<ref name="waterpowermagazine">{{cite web |title=Mashruuca Grand Eweng ee Cameroon oo qaaday tallaabo weyn oo horay loo qaaday |url=https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/news/newsgrand-eweng-project-in-cameroon-takes-major-step-forward-7294120 |publisher=International Water Power & Dam Construction |accessdate=8 Abriil 2020 |date=July 8, 2019}}</ref> Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Grand Eweng wuu kaga duwanaan doonaa saldhigyada korontada biyaha ee hore ee Cameroon, inuu yeelan doono labadaba [[dhalinta korontada]] iyo awoodo kaydinta biyaha oo waaweyn, taas oo ka dhigaysa xarun istiraatiiji ah oo biyaha ku shaqeysa oo loogu talagalay maareynta qaybta tamarta Cameroon iyo Webiga Sanaga. Faa'iidooyinka ugu waaweyn ee Grand Eweng waxaa ka mid noqon doona wax soo saarka tamarta, hagaajinta nidaaminta biyaha Webiga Sanaga, dhimista kharashka korontada, dhimista wasakhowga, iyo ka qayb qaadashada horumarinta dhaqaalaha ee aagga mashruuca iyo dalka guud ahaan. ==Jadwalka== Goobta biyaha ee Grand Eweng waxaa laga aqoonsaday Webiga Sanaga ee hoose 1983-kii by Société Nationale d’Électriticité du Cameroun (SONEL), oo waqtigaas ahayd shirkadda korontada qaranka ee mas'uulka ka ah horumarinta iyo hawlgelinta sahayda korontada ee Cameroon, iyada oo qayb ka ah Atlas-ka Awoodda Biyaha ee Cameroon.<ref>{{cite book |title=Atlas du potentiel hydroélectrique du Cameroun. |date=1983 |publisher=Société Nationale d’Électricité du Cameroun |language=fr}}</ref> Dawladda Cameroon iyo kafaala-qaadaha mashruuca Hydromine, oo ah shirkad tamarta waarta oo Maraykan ah, ayaa galay heshiis horumarinta mashruuca (PDA) 2015-kii, kaas oo la kordhiyay, si loo horumariyo Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Grand Eweng, ka dib warqad ujeedo ah 2009-kii iyo [[heshiis is-faham]] 2012-kii. Hydromine waxay maalgelisay daraasado faahfaahsan oo suurtagalnimo ah, oo ay ku jiraan naqshadeynta injineernimada (FEED) iyo qiimeynta saameynta deegaanka iyo bulshada (ESIA), iyo sidoo kale falanqaynta maaliyadeed, dhaqaale, iyo sharci, taasoo xaqiijinaysa soo jiidashada iyo suurtagalnimada mashruuca ee Cameroon iyo maalgelinta. Bartamihii 2019, Dawladda Cameroon, oo ay matalayso Wasaaradda Biyaha iyo Tamarta (MINEE), Hydromine, iyo Eneo Cameroon (ENEO) waxay saxiixdeen warqad ujeedo ah oo qeexaysa iskaashiga ka dhexeeya dhinacyada si loo soo gabagabeeyo shuruudaha [[heshiis iibsiga korontada]] (PPA) oo lala galay ENEO si loo iibiyo korontada ay soo saartay Saldhigga Korontada ee Grand Eweng. Intaa waxaa dheer, warqadda ujeedadu waxay dejineysaa qaab-dhismeedka iyo heerarka muhiimka ah ee moodalka horumarinta dhis-leh-hawlgeli-wareeji (BOOT), kaas oo u wareejinaya Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Grand Eweng Dawladda Cameroon ka dib muddada heshiiska.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le Cameroun mise sur la construction du barrage de Grand Eweng pour renforcer la fiabilité de son réseau électrique |url=https://actucameroun.com/2019/07/11/le-cameroun-mise-sur-la-construction-du-barrage-de-grand-eweng-pour-renforcer-la-fiabilite-de-son-reseau-electrique/ |website=[[L'Actu (Cameroon)|L'Actu Cameroon]] |accessdate=17 Abriil 2020 |language=fr |date=July 11, 2019}}</ref><ref name="waterpowermagazine"/> Dhammaadkii 2019 iyo horraantii 2020 wadatashiyo dadweyne oo loogu talagalay ESIA ee dadka ay saameeyeen ee waaxaha Sanaga-Maritime iyo Nyong-et-Kéllé ayaa la bilaabay iyada oo ay si shaqsi ah uga qaybqaateen Wasiirka Biyaha iyo Tamarta iyo Guddoomiyeyaasha Gobollada Littoral iyo Centre.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Mireille ONANA MEBENGA |title=Barrage de Grand Eweng: place aux consultations publiques |url=https://www.cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/29343/fr.html/barrage-de-grand-eweng-place-aux-consultations |publisher=[[Cameroon Tribune]] |accessdate=8 Abriil 2020 |language=fr |date=November 25, 2019}}</ref> Wasiirka Biyaha iyo Tamarta ayaa ku sheegay booqashadiisii Sebteembar 5, 2019, ee Pouma: ''“Mashruuca horumarinta biyaha ee Grand Eweng waa la xaqiijin doonaa. Bartamaha Afrika, waa kan ugu muhiimsan. Dawladda, waayo-aragnimada dadweynaha, horumarinta qaab-dhismeedkan waa mid muhiim ah. Laga bilaabo Maarso 2020, Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Grand Eweng ayaa la qorsheeyay inuu bilaabo dhismaha dhammaadka 2022 oo uu bilaabo dhalinta korontada 2027-2028. ==Sidoo kale eeg== *[[Liiska saldhigyada korontada ee Cameroon]] *[[Liiska saldhigyada tamarta biyaha ee Afrika]] *[[Liiska saldhigyada korontada biyaha]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== * [http://www.hydromineinc.com/ Websaydka Hydromine] mtxqwb3anv7py4p2tacxkw8s64qj49e 0 48120 299739 2026-06-27T10:12:48Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Lom Pangar | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Cameroon | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|5|22|16.87|N|13|30|44.67|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = Cameroon | location = [[Bertoua]] | purpose = Koronto, nidaaminta webiga | status = UC | construction_began = 2012 | opening = 2017 | demolished = | cost = 195.69 milyan oo US$ | owner = | dam_type = Biyo-xireen, biyo-xireen cufis ah oo qaybta dhexe ah | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Lom (Cameroon)|Webiga Lom]] | dam_length = {{Convert|1278|m|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Lom Pangar|url=http://english.cwe.cn/show.aspx?id=1940&cid=75|publisher=China International Water and Electric Corporation|accessdate=18 Febraayo 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630133118/http://english.cwe.cn/show.aspx?id=1940&cid=75|archive-date=30 Juun 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> | dam_height = {{Convert|46|m|abbr=on}} | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = {{Convert|7|m|abbr=on}} | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = {{Convert|6000|e6m3|acre.ft|abbr=on}} | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = {{Convert|540|km2|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Lom Pangar Qiimeynta deegaanka iyo bulshada (ESA)|url=http://www.edc-cameroon.org/IMG/pdf/sde/English%20Summary%20v1%20100311.pdf|publisher=Electricity Development Corporation|accessdate=18 Febraayo 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918213149/http://edc-cameroon.org/IMG/pdf/sde/English%20Summary%20v1%20100311.pdf|archive-date=18 Sebteembar 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = | plant_turbines = 4 x {{convert|7.5|MW|abbr=on}} [[Francis-type]] | plant_capacity = {{convert|30|MW|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Lom Pangar|url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/02/22/000020953_20120222113754/Rendered/PDF/669570PID0CAM000Project00FY1200rev.pdf|work=Dukumentiga Macluumaadka Mashruuca|publisher=Bangiga Adduunka|accessdate=18 Febraayo 2014}}</ref> | plant_annual_gen = | website = | extra = }} Biyo-xireenka '''Lom Pangar''' waa [[biyo-xireen buuxinta ciidda ah]] oo leh qayb [[biyo-xireen cufis ah]] oo dhexe oo hadda la dhisayo oo ku taal [[Webiga Lom (Cameroon)|Webiga Lom]] qiyaastii {{Convert|88|km}} waqooyiga [[Bertoua]] ee [[Gobolka Bari (Cameroon)|Gobolka Bari]] ee [[Cameroon]]. Waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii {{Convert|4|km}} dhinaca hoose ee isgoyska [[Webiga Lom (Cameroon)|Webiga Lom]] uu la leeyahay [[Webiga Pangar]] iyo qiyaastii {{Convert|13|km}} kor ka xigta halka Lom uu ku biiro [[Webiga Sanaga]]. Ujeedada biyo-xireenka waa in la soo saaro koronto biyo-dhaliye ah oo la nidaamiyo qulqulka biyaha ee Webiga Sanaga. Waxa ay suurtogal u tahay inay qayb ka noqoto biyo-xireen weyn oo ka mid ah Sanaga.<ref>{{cite web|title=MASHRUUCA Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Lom Pangar |url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/0,,contentMDK:23354755~pagePK:146736~piPK:226340~theSitePK:258644,00.html |publisher=Bangiga Adduunka |accessdate=18 Febraayo 2014}}</ref> ==Maalgelinta iyo horumarinta== [[Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika]] ayaa soo saaray US$71.1 milyan oo amaah ah mashruuca bishii Noofembar 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=Shaqadu waxay ka bilaabmaysaa 30-MW Lom Pangar ee Cameroon|url=http://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2012/08/work-begins-on-cameroons-30-mw-lom-pangar.html|accessdate=18 Febraayo 2014 |newspaper=HydroWorld|date=15 Agoosto 2012}}</ref> [[Bangiga Adduunka]] ayaa sidoo kale ansixiyay US$132 milyan oo amaah ah bishii Maarso 2012, Madaxweynaha Cameroon, [[Paul Biya]], ayaana dhagax dhigay biyo-xireenka 3 Agoosto 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangiga Adduunka oo ansixiyay Mashruuca Biyo-xireenka Lom Pangar ee Cameroon si kor loogu qaado kobaca dhaqaalaha loona bixiyo koronto la isku halayn karo oo loogu talagalay ilaa shan milyan oo qof |url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:23153690~pagePK:34370~piPK:34424~theSitePK:4607,00.html |accessdate=18 Febraayo 2014 |newspaper=Bangiga Adduunka|date=27 Maarso 2012}}</ref> [[Bangiga Maalgashiga Yurub]] ayaa ansixiyay US$39 milyan oo amaah ah bishii Oktoobar ee isla sannadkaas.<ref>{{cite web |title=EIB oo maalgelinaysa mashruuca biyaha ee Lom Pangar ee Cameroon |url=http://www.esi-africa.com/eib-to-fund-cameroon-s-lom-pangar-hydro-project/ |publisher=ESI-Africa|accessdate=18 Febraayo 2014|date=4 Oktoobar 2012}}</ref> [[China International Water & Electric Corporation]] ayaa dhisaysa biyo-xireenka iyo saldhigga korontada. [[Biyo-xireen gaaban (coffer dam)]] si loo weeciyo webiga agagaarka aasaaska biyo-xireenka ayaa la dhammaystiray bishii Luulyo 2013.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biyo-weecin lagu guuleystay oo laga sameeyay Biyo-xireenka Lom Pangar |url=http://www.businessincameroon.com/infrastructures/2407-4197-successful-water-bypass-at-lom-pangar-dam |accessdate=18 Febraayo 2014|newspaper=Business in Cameroon|date=24 Luulyo 2013}}</ref> Mashruuca waxaa la dhammaystiray 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Lom-Pangar |url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/Cameroon%20-%20AR%20-%20Lom-Pangar%20Hydroelectric%20Project%20(Final).pdf |work=Sanduuqa Horumarinta Afrika |publisher=Bangiga Adduunka|accessdate=18 Febraayo 2014}}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{stack|{{Portal|Cameroon|Biyo|Tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo}}}} * [[Liiska saldhigyada korontada ee Cameroon]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist|33em}} iwiyxvodvz1nz4wyl3f9xkset1tin0y 0 48121 299743 2026-06-27T10:15:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox power station |name =Saldhigga Korontada Edea |image = |image_caption = |location =[[Cameroon]] |owner = |status =O |th_fuel_primary =[[Tamarta biyaha]] |th_combined_cycle = |ps_electrical_capacity= {{convert|264|MW|abbr=on}} |commissioned = |decommissioned = }} '''Saldhigga Korontada Edea''' waa warshad [[koronto biyaha]] ku shaqeysa oo ku taal [[Webiga Sanaga]] meel u dhow [[Edéa]] ee [[Cameroon]]. Waxay leedahay awood dhalineed oo koronto oo dhan {{convert|264|MW}},<ref name="geo"/> oo ku filan in koronto lagu siiyo in ka badan 136,600 oo guri.<ref> {{cite web |title=Laba Saldhig oo Koronto oo Muuqaal ah |website=Africa Intelligence |url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/aem/electricity/2003/09/17/two-power-plants-in-sight,8702442-art |accessdate=3 Sebteembar 2019|date=17 Sebteembar 2003}} </ref> Ku dhawaad 60% korontada ayaa aada [[dhalaalinta aluminiinka]]. ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{stack|{{Portal|Cameroon|Biyo|Tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo}}}} * [[Liiska saldhigyada korontada ee Cameroon]] * [[Liiska saldhigyada korontada ee Afrika]] ==Tixraacyo== <references> <ref name="geo">{{cite web | title = Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Edea Cameroon | website = Global Energy Observatory | url = http://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/42601 | accessdate = 2015-10-21 }}</ref> </references> {{commons category}} hkggy7rd6qp0bi8q4zgzyi8xs90x9ub 0 48122 299745 2026-06-27T10:19:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Wouri | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = Embouchure du Wouri.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Afka webiga Wouri | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = 160 km | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = Isku-darka [[Webiga Nkam|Nkam]] iyo [[Webiga Makombé|Makombé]] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|...|display=inline,title}} --> | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Fleuve Nkam à partir de Bafang 01.jpg|thumb|Webiga Nkam]] '''Wouri''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Vouri''' ama '''Vuri''') waa webi ku yaalla [[Cameroon]]. Cameroon waxay leedahay meelo badan oo biyo ah, waxaana ka mid ah laba webi oo waaweyn, [[Webiga Sanaga|Sanaga]], oo ah kan ugu dheer qiyaastii 525 km (325 mayl)<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sanaga-River|title=Sanaga River {{!}} webi, Cameroon|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2018-09-18|language=en}}</ref> iyo Wouri, oo ah kan ugu ballaaran. Wouri wuxuu ka samaysmaa isku-darka webiyada [[Webiga Nkam|Nkam]] iyo [[Webiga Makombé|Makombé]], {{convert|32|km|mi|abbr=on}} waqooyi-bari ee magaalada [[Yabassi]]. Wuxuu markaas u qulqulaa qiyaastii {{convert|160|km|mi|abbr=on}} koonfur-bari ilaa [[Wouri estuary]] ee [[Douala]], oo ah dekadda ugu weyn iyo magaalada warshadaha ee qaybta koonfur-galbeed ee Cameroon ee ku taal [[Gulf of Guinea]]. Webigu waa mid la mari karo qiyaastii {{convert|64|km|mi|abbr=on}} dhanka webiga oo ka imanaya Douala. == Sahamin == Navigator-ka iyo sahamiyaha reer Portugal [[Fernão do Pó]] ama Fernando Pó, ayaa loo arkaa inuu yahay qofkii ugu horreeyay ee reer Yurub ah ee sahamiya estuary-ga Wouri, qiyaastii sannadkii 1472-kii. Sahamiyayaashu waxay xuseen badnaanshaha loobster-ka dhoobada ee ''[[Lepidophthalmus turneranus]]'' ee Webiga Wouri waxayna u bixiyeen "''Rio dos Camarões"'', oo af-Bortaqiis ah "Webiga Humbada", iyo weedha ay ka timid magaca Cameroon. Weedha "''Rio dos Camarões"'' waxay markii dambe noqotay Camarones markii ay reer Spain yimaadeen gobolka. Kadib, intii lagu jiray [[protectorate]]-ka Jarmalka ee dalka oo bilaabmay 1884, magaca dalku wuxuu u beddelay Kamerun ka hor inta aanu [[Heshiiskii Versailles]] gelin dalka maamulka Faransiiska iyo Ingiriiska 1919 taas oo keentay magaca ugu dambeeya "Cameroon".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TIgS_Eij8SEC&q=river+of+prawns+cameroon&pg=PA76|title=The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Africa|last=Rubin|first=Don|date=1994|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9780415059312|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Seme beach limbe Cameroon.jpg|thumb|Xeebta Seme limbe Cameroon]] == Buundooyin == === Buundadii koowaad === [[File:Pont sur le Wouri.JPG|thumb|Buundada Wouri]] [[File:Pont Wouri 4.JPG|thumb|Guddiga furitaanka]] Sannadihii 1950-meeyadii, intii lagu jiray muddadii gumeysiga, Faransiisku wuxuu dhisay buundo dhererkeedu yahay 1 km oo ka gudbaysa webiga, taas oo ahayd tii ugu dheerayd gobolka hoose ee Afrika. Waxay ku xirtaa Douala magaalada [[Bonabéri]] mana aha oo kaliya muhiimad dhaqaale oo weyn u leh galbeedka Cameroon, iyada oo sidda baabuurta, xamuulka, iyo taraafikada tareenka laakiin sidoo kale waa qalab dhexe oo loogu talagalay isweydaarsiga caalamiga ah ee dalalka [[Landlocked country|aan badda lahayn]] sida [[Chad]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/second-major-bridge-to-be-built-over-cameroon-wouri-river/1793073.html|title=Buundada labaad ee weyn oo laga dhisayo Webiga Wouri ee Cameroon|last=Kindzeka|first=Moki Edwin|work=VOA|access-date=2018-09-18|language=en}}</ref> Tan iyo 2004 buundadu waxay maraysay dib-u-habeyn weyn. Iyada oo awooddeedii hore ahayd 2,000 oo baabuur maalintii, buundadan hadda waxay taageertaa in ka badan 45,000 oo baabuur maalin kasta taas oo abuuraysa taraafiko aad u weyn oo laga galo wadnaha Douala.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/second-major-bridge-to-be-built-over-cameroon-wouri-river/1793073.html|title=Buundada labaad ee weyn oo laga dhisayo Webiga Wouri ee Cameroon|last=Kindzeka|first=Moki Edwin|work=VOA|access-date=2018-09-20|language=en}}</ref> === Buundada labaad === [[File:Nouveau pont sur le Wouri 02.jpg|thumb|Buundada labaad (ee dhawaan la dhisay) ee ka gudubta Webiga Wouri]] Iyada oo qiimaheedu yahay ku dhawaad 141.6 bilyan oo CFA, buundada labaad ee webiga Wouri waa {{cvt|756|m|ft}} dhererkeedu yahay iyo {{cvt|34|m|ft}} ballac ah oo leh {{cvt|746|m|ft|adj=mid|-long}} tareen.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.businessincameroon.com/infrastructures/0806-8099-cameroon-the-second-bridge-on-the-wouri-partially-commissioned|title=Cameroon: Buundada labaad ee Wouri oo qayb ahaan la amray - Business in Cameroon|work=Business in Cameroon|access-date=2018-09-20|language=en-gb}}</ref> Waxaa dhistay shirkadda caalamiga ah ee dhismaha waddooyinka [[SOGEA SATOM]] waxaana maalgeliyay dawladda Cameroon iyo amaah ka timid dawladda Faransiiska, buundadan ayaa gacan ka geysan doonta yaraynta taraafikada buundada koowaad. Dhismaha buundadan ayaa muhiim u ah dhaqaalaha Cameroon waxaana ay fududeyn doontaa isweydaarsiga gobolka Afrika ee dhexe oo u furma adduunka iyada oo loo marayo Cameroon iyo dhowaanshaha ay u dhowdahay [[Badweynta Atlaantik]].<ref name=":0" /> Buundada waxaa loogu talagalay in la amro ka hor dhammaadka 2018.<ref name=":1" /> [[File:GedNgondoMessager.JPG|thumb|Farriinta Ngondo ee Wouri]] <gallery caption="Bangiga Webiga Wouri"> River Wouri.jpg|[[Bonaberi]] oo ka yimid Webiga Wouri Canoe riding.jpg|Doonyaha Wouri (2020) Couché du soleil.jpg|Qorrax dhaca Bonendale (2013) Mangrove Bonabéri.jpg|Bonaberi [[mangrove swamp]] Berges du Wouri 05.jpg Berges du Wouri 06.jpg Berges du Wouri 01.jpg Berges du Wouri 07.jpg Berges du Wouri 02.jpg Berges du Wouri 08.jpg Berges du Wouri 04.jpg Berges du Wouri 03.jpg </gallery> <gallery caption="Buundada Wouri"> Nouveau pont sur le Wouri 01.jpg Nouveau pont sur le Wouri 02.jpg Nouveau pont sur le Wouri 03.jpg Nouveau pont sur le Wouri 04.jpg </gallery> <gallery caption="Hawlaha lagu qabto Webiga Wouri"> File:Compétition de Canoë Kayak sur le Wouri.jpg|Tartanka Kayak File:Compétition de Canoë Kayak sur le Wouri2.jpg File:Compétition de Canoë Kayak sur le Wouri5.jpg File:Compétition de Canoë Kayak sur le Wouri4.jpg File:Course de pirogue pendant le Ngondo.jpg|Tartanka doonyaha inta lagu jiro Bandhigga Ngondo File:Course de pirogue pendant le Ngondo4.jpg File:Course de pirogue pendant le Ngondo7.jpg File:Animation pendant le Ngondo.jpg File:WL-Cameroun-Douala-Pecheurs de sable dans le Wouri.jpg|[[Soo saarista ciidda]] ee Webiga Wouri File:Fleuve Wouri à Douala 05.jpg|Muuqaal ah sida bangiyada Wouri u eg yihiin inta lagu jiro Ngondo File:WikiAfr20 MarcJP46 05.jpg|Kalluumaysatada Wouri File:Fleuve Wouri à Douala 08.jpg|Muuqaal ah bangiyada Wouri inta lagu jiro bandhigga Ngondo File:Fleuve Wouri à Douala 10.jpg File:Fleuve Wouri à Douala 06.jpg File:Pirogues sur les eaux du Wouri 06.jpg File:Activités du Ngondo 15.jpg|Kooxda qoob ka ciyaarka inta lagu jiro bandhigga Ngondo File:Activités du Ngondo 11.jpg|Tartanka dabaasha File:Activités du Ngondo 14.jpg File:Activités du Ngondo 10.jpg|Xuquuqda dhaqanka ee lagu sameeyay Bangiyada Wouri File:Activités du Ngondo 17.jpg|Bandhigga Qoob ka ciyaarka Dhaqanka File:Activités du Ngondo 12.jpg|Bandhigga qoob ka ciyaarka ee bangiyada Wouri inta lagu jiro Ngondo File:Activités du Ngondo 9.jpg File:Activités du Ngondo 03.jpg File:Activités du Ngondo 02.jpg File:Activités du Ngondo 7.jpg|Hawlaha Ngondo ee bangiyada Wouri File:Fleuve Wouri à Douala 01.jpg File:GedNgondo00.JPG File:Le message pendant la cérémonie du Ngondo.jpg File:Nageur riverain du fleuve WOURI dans le Littoral camerounais.jpg|Nin ku dabaalanaya Webiga Wouri </gallery> == Ilaha == * [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9077526/Wouri-River Encyclopædia Britannica] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|4.08333|N|9.7|E|source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} dlc3n39ercmiiwz8a5wwq47e0loqozj 0 48123 299747 2026-06-27T10:22:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Nyong | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Yong | name_etymology = | image = Nyong river Cameroon.jpg | image_size = 300 | image_caption = Webiga Nyong | image_alt = | map = OSM-LeNyong.png | map_size = 300 | map_caption = Webiga Nyong ee dalka Cameroon | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Cameroon]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobollada | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Littoral (Cameroon)|Gobolka Littoral]], [[Gobolka Bari (Cameroon)|Gobolka Bari]], [[Gobolka Koonfur (Cameroon)|Gobolka Koonfur]], [[Gobolka Centre (Cameroon)|Gobolka Centre]] | subdivision_type3 = Magaalooyinka | subdivision_name3 = [[Abong-Mbang]], [[Mbalmayo]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|690|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Déhané]] | discharge1_min = {{Convert|40|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{Convert|446|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = {{Convert|1226|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Meel u dhow Abong-Mbang | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|3|52|00|N|13|28|00|E|}}<!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = {{convert|690|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Bight of Biafra]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|3|15|39|N|9|54|16|E|display=inline,title}}<!-- {{Coord|...|display=inline,title}} --> | mouth_elevation = 0 m | progression = | river_system = Webiga Nyong | basin_size = {{convert|27800|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}} <ref name="FluCAM"/> | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = 1,179,200 | tributaries_left = Long Mafok, Soo, Soumou, Kama <ref name="FluCAM"/> | tributaries_right = Kom, Mfoumou, Afamba, Ato, Mefou, Akono, Liyeke, Kéllé <ref name="FluCAM"/> | waterbodies = | waterfalls = Trappenbeck Rapids | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Nyong''' (oo hore loo yaqaanay {{langx|de|Yong}}) waa webi ku yaalla [[Cameroon]]. Webigu wuxuu u qulqulaa qiyaastii {{convert|690|km}} si uu ugu shubo [[Gulf of Guinea]]. == Qulqulka == Nyong wuxuu ka bilaabmaa {{convert|40|km|abbr=on}} bari ka xigta magaalada [[Abong-Mbang]], halkaas oo kaynta roobka ee waqooyiga ay quudiso.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra8Wpm1QoMoC&dq=nyong+River+abong&pg=PA157|title=Landscape Evolution, Neotectonics and Quaternary Environmental Change in Southern Cameroon: Palaeoecology of Africa Vol. 31, An International Yearbook of Landscape Evolution and Palaeoenvironments|last=Runge|first=Jürgen|date=2012-05-30|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9780415677356|pages=157|language=en}}</ref> Dhererka webigu wuxuu ku dhow yahay inuu barbar socdo qaybaha hoose ee [[Webiga Sanaga|Sanaga]]. Afkiisu wuxuu ku yaallaa Petit Batanga, {{convert|40|mi|km|abbr=on|sigfig=1|order=flip}} koonfur-koonfur-galbeed ee [[Edéa]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJXfAAAAMAAJ&q=nyong+River+batanga|title=Publications ...|last=Office|first=United States Hydrographic|date=1952|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|pages=123|language=en}}</ref> Laba meelood, [[Mbalmayo]] iyo Déhané, webigu wuxuu leeyahay qulqulatooyin (rapids) waaweyn. {{convert|250|mi|km|abbr=on|sigfig=1|order=flip}}-ka ugu horreeya ee webiga, inta u dhaxaysa Abong-Mbang iyo Mbalmayo, waa kuwo la mari karo doonyaha yaryar laga bilaabo Abriil ilaa Noofembar. [[File:Slope of Nyong.png|400px|center|Dalacaadda Webiga Nyong]] == Biyo-xisaabeedka (Hydrology) == Qulqulka webiga sida lagu cabbiray Déhané ee m³/s:<ref name="FluCAM">[http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/Mon_hydr/25393.pdf PDF ku saabsan Biyo-xisaabeedka Cameroon (Faransiis)]</ref> {{ChartDirect|type=bar|width=600px|x=Jan,Feb,Mar,Abril,May,Juun,Juul,Ago,Seb,Okt,Noof,Dis|y1=252, 145, 166, 292, 423, 478, 373, 317, 603, 926, 894, 487 | y1Title=Qulqulka ee m³/s}} == Gaadiidka == Magaalada [[Mbalmayo]], oo leh [[railhead]], waxay ku taal bangiga waqooyi ee webigan.<ref name=":0" /> Magaalooyinka [[Akonolinga]] iyo Abong-Mbang ayaa sidoo kale ku yaalla. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} ojhuud73uf81l7nh0oqg5m1pzbz394f 299749 299747 2026-06-27T10:22:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* Biyo-xisaabeedka */ 299749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Nyong | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Yong | name_etymology = | image = Nyong river Cameroon.jpg | image_size = 300 | image_caption = Webiga Nyong | image_alt = | map = OSM-LeNyong.png | map_size = 300 | map_caption = Webiga Nyong ee dalka Cameroon | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Cameroon]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobollada | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Littoral (Cameroon)|Gobolka Littoral]], [[Gobolka Bari (Cameroon)|Gobolka Bari]], [[Gobolka Koonfur (Cameroon)|Gobolka Koonfur]], [[Gobolka Centre (Cameroon)|Gobolka Centre]] | subdivision_type3 = Magaalooyinka | subdivision_name3 = [[Abong-Mbang]], [[Mbalmayo]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|690|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Déhané]] | discharge1_min = {{Convert|40|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{Convert|446|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = {{Convert|1226|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Meel u dhow Abong-Mbang | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|3|52|00|N|13|28|00|E|}}<!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = {{convert|690|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Bight of Biafra]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|3|15|39|N|9|54|16|E|display=inline,title}}<!-- {{Coord|...|display=inline,title}} --> | mouth_elevation = 0 m | progression = | river_system = Webiga Nyong | basin_size = {{convert|27800|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}} <ref name="FluCAM"/> | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = 1,179,200 | tributaries_left = Long Mafok, Soo, Soumou, Kama <ref name="FluCAM"/> | tributaries_right = Kom, Mfoumou, Afamba, Ato, Mefou, Akono, Liyeke, Kéllé <ref name="FluCAM"/> | waterbodies = | waterfalls = Trappenbeck Rapids | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Nyong''' (oo hore loo yaqaanay {{langx|de|Yong}}) waa webi ku yaalla [[Cameroon]]. Webigu wuxuu u qulqulaa qiyaastii {{convert|690|km}} si uu ugu shubo [[Gulf of Guinea]]. == Qulqulka == Nyong wuxuu ka bilaabmaa {{convert|40|km|abbr=on}} bari ka xigta magaalada [[Abong-Mbang]], halkaas oo kaynta roobka ee waqooyiga ay quudiso.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra8Wpm1QoMoC&dq=nyong+River+abong&pg=PA157|title=Landscape Evolution, Neotectonics and Quaternary Environmental Change in Southern Cameroon: Palaeoecology of Africa Vol. 31, An International Yearbook of Landscape Evolution and Palaeoenvironments|last=Runge|first=Jürgen|date=2012-05-30|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9780415677356|pages=157|language=en}}</ref> Dhererka webigu wuxuu ku dhow yahay inuu barbar socdo qaybaha hoose ee [[Webiga Sanaga|Sanaga]]. Afkiisu wuxuu ku yaallaa Petit Batanga, {{convert|40|mi|km|abbr=on|sigfig=1|order=flip}} koonfur-koonfur-galbeed ee [[Edéa]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJXfAAAAMAAJ&q=nyong+River+batanga|title=Publications ...|last=Office|first=United States Hydrographic|date=1952|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|pages=123|language=en}}</ref> Laba meelood, [[Mbalmayo]] iyo Déhané, webigu wuxuu leeyahay qulqulatooyin (rapids) waaweyn. {{convert|250|mi|km|abbr=on|sigfig=1|order=flip}}-ka ugu horreeya ee webiga, inta u dhaxaysa Abong-Mbang iyo Mbalmayo, waa kuwo la mari karo doonyaha yaryar laga bilaabo Abriil ilaa Noofembar. [[File:Slope of Nyong.png|400px|center|Dalacaadda Webiga Nyong]] == Biyo-xisaabeedka == Qulqulka webiga sida lagu cabbiray Déhané ee m³/s:<ref name="FluCAM">[http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/Mon_hydr/25393.pdf PDF ku saabsan Biyo-xisaabeedka Cameroon (Faransiis)]</ref> {{ChartDirect|type=bar|width=600px|x=Jan,Feb,Mar,Abril,May,Juun,Juul,Ago,Seb,Okt,Noof,Dis|y1=252, 145, 166, 292, 423, 478, 373, 317, 603, 926, 894, 487 | y1Title=Qulqulka ee m³/s}} == Gaadiidka == Magaalada [[Mbalmayo]], oo leh [[railhead]], waxay ku taal bangiga waqooyi ee webigan.<ref name=":0" /> Magaalooyinka [[Akonolinga]] iyo Abong-Mbang ayaa sidoo kale ku yaalla. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} 69jq6cot588syipq9pajcziuow0ve83 299755 299749 2026-06-27T10:26:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* Biyo-xisaabeedka */ 299755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Nyong | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Yong | name_etymology = | image = Nyong river Cameroon.jpg | image_size = 300 | image_caption = Webiga Nyong | image_alt = | map = OSM-LeNyong.png | map_size = 300 | map_caption = Webiga Nyong ee dalka Cameroon | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Cameroon]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobollada | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Littoral (Cameroon)|Gobolka Littoral]], [[Gobolka Bari (Cameroon)|Gobolka Bari]], [[Gobolka Koonfur (Cameroon)|Gobolka Koonfur]], [[Gobolka Centre (Cameroon)|Gobolka Centre]] | subdivision_type3 = Magaalooyinka | subdivision_name3 = [[Abong-Mbang]], [[Mbalmayo]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|690|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Déhané]] | discharge1_min = {{Convert|40|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{Convert|446|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = {{Convert|1226|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Meel u dhow Abong-Mbang | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|3|52|00|N|13|28|00|E|}}<!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = {{convert|690|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Bight of Biafra]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|3|15|39|N|9|54|16|E|display=inline,title}}<!-- {{Coord|...|display=inline,title}} --> | mouth_elevation = 0 m | progression = | river_system = Webiga Nyong | basin_size = {{convert|27800|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}} <ref name="FluCAM"/> | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = 1,179,200 | tributaries_left = Long Mafok, Soo, Soumou, Kama <ref name="FluCAM"/> | tributaries_right = Kom, Mfoumou, Afamba, Ato, Mefou, Akono, Liyeke, Kéllé <ref name="FluCAM"/> | waterbodies = | waterfalls = Trappenbeck Rapids | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Nyong''' (oo hore loo yaqaanay {{langx|de|Yong}}) waa webi ku yaalla [[Cameroon]]. Webigu wuxuu u qulqulaa qiyaastii {{convert|690|km}} si uu ugu shubo [[Gulf of Guinea]]. == Qulqulka == Nyong wuxuu ka bilaabmaa {{convert|40|km|abbr=on}} bari ka xigta magaalada [[Abong-Mbang]], halkaas oo kaynta roobka ee waqooyiga ay quudiso.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra8Wpm1QoMoC&dq=nyong+River+abong&pg=PA157|title=Landscape Evolution, Neotectonics and Quaternary Environmental Change in Southern Cameroon: Palaeoecology of Africa Vol. 31, An International Yearbook of Landscape Evolution and Palaeoenvironments|last=Runge|first=Jürgen|date=2012-05-30|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9780415677356|pages=157|language=en}}</ref> Dhererka webigu wuxuu ku dhow yahay inuu barbar socdo qaybaha hoose ee [[Webiga Sanaga|Sanaga]]. Afkiisu wuxuu ku yaallaa Petit Batanga, {{convert|40|mi|km|abbr=on|sigfig=1|order=flip}} koonfur-koonfur-galbeed ee [[Edéa]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJXfAAAAMAAJ&q=nyong+River+batanga|title=Publications ...|last=Office|first=United States Hydrographic|date=1952|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|pages=123|language=en}}</ref> Laba meelood, [[Mbalmayo]] iyo Déhané, webigu wuxuu leeyahay qulqulatooyin (rapids) waaweyn. {{convert|250|mi|km|abbr=on|sigfig=1|order=flip}}-ka ugu horreeya ee webiga, inta u dhaxaysa Abong-Mbang iyo Mbalmayo, waa kuwo la mari karo doonyaha yaryar laga bilaabo Abriil ilaa Noofembar. [[File:Slope of Nyong.png|400px|center|Dalacaadda Webiga Nyong]] == Biyo-xisaabeedka == Qulqulka webiga sida lagu cabbiray Déhané ee m³/s:<ref name="FluCAM">[http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/Mon_hydr/25393.pdf PDF ku saabsan Biyo-xisaabeedka Cameroon (Faransiis)]</ref> {{ChartDirect|type=bar|width=600px|x=Jan,Feb,Mar,Abril,May,Juun,Juul,Ago,Seb,Okt,Noof,Dis|y1=252, 145, 166, 292, 423, 478, 373, 317, 603, 926, 894, 487 | y1Title=Qulqulka ee m³/s}} == Gaadiidka == Magaalada [[Mbalmayo]], oo leh [[railhead]], waxay ku taal bangiga waqooyi ee webigan.<ref name=":0" /> Magaalooyinka [[Akonolinga]] iyo Abong-Mbang ayaa sidoo kale ku yaalla. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} 4d6i0wk0r7xkoi75z34wwmp760d2sq6 10 48124 299750 2026-06-27T10:23:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299750 wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude><includeonly><!-- --> {{#switch: {{{swap}}} | 1 = {{ChartDirect/Swap | thumb={{{thumb|{{{1|}}} }}} | align={{{align|{{{2|}}} 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{{ChartDirect/Select|part=11|data={{{y|}}} }} }} }} }}} |y12={{{y12|{{#if: {{{y|}}} | {{#if: {{{x|}}} | {{ChartDirect/Select|part=12|data={{{y|}}} }} }} }} }}} |y13={{{y13|{{#if: {{{y|}}} | {{#if: {{{x|}}} | {{ChartDirect/Select|part=13|data={{{y|}}} }} }} }} }}} |y14={{{y14|{{#if: {{{y|}}} | {{#if: {{{x|}}} | {{ChartDirect/Select|part=14|data={{{y|}}} }} }} }} }}} |y15={{{y15|{{#if: {{{y|}}} | {{#if: {{{x|}}} | {{ChartDirect/Select|part=15|data={{{y|}}} }} }} }} }}} |y11Title={{{y11Title|{{#if: {{{y|}}} | {{#if: {{{x|}}} | {{ChartDirect/Select|part=11|data={{{x|}}} }} }} }} }}} |y12Title={{{y12Title|{{#if: {{{y|}}} | {{#if: {{{x|}}} | {{ChartDirect/Select|part=12|data={{{x|}}} }} }} }} }}} |y13Title={{{y13Title|{{#if: {{{y|}}} | {{#if: {{{x|}}} | {{ChartDirect/Select|part=13|data={{{x|}}} }} }} }} }}} |y14Title={{{y14Title|{{#if: {{{y|}}} | {{#if: {{{x|}}} | {{ChartDirect/Select|part=14|data={{{x|}}} }} }} }} }}} |y15Title={{{y15Title|{{#if: {{{y|}}} | {{#if: {{{x|}}} | {{ChartDirect/Select|part=15|data={{{x|}}} }} }} }} }}} | type = {{{type|}}} | isXY={{#if: {{{x|}}} | {{#if: {{{y|}}} | 1 | 0 }} | 0 }} | chartdefinition = {{ChartDirect/ChartDefinition | chart={{{chart|}}} | definition={{{definition|}}} | type={{{type|}}} }} }} }} </includeonly></onlyinclude> {{Documentation}} cbuafu164abe1a94pmcubky5j5yfzq6 10 48125 299751 2026-06-27T10:24:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299751 wikitext text/x-wiki Boggan hoose wuxuu qabtaa sheekada. <onlyinclude><includeonly><templatestyles src="Chart/styles.css"/><!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{align|}}}|center|<div class="center" role="figure" aria-labelledby="enwiki-chart-header-id">}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{thumb|}}} |<div class="thumb {{#switch:{{{align|}}}|center|none=tnone|left=floatleft|right|#default=floatright}}" {{#if:{{{width|}}}|<!-- nothing -->|style="width: 100%"}}><div class="thumbinner" {{#if:{{{width|}}}|style="width: fit-content;"}}><div class="thumbimage enwiki-chart"<!-- -->|<div class="enwiki-chart 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arg:y12Title={{{y12Title|}}} }} |{{#if: {{{y13Title|}}} | arg:y13Title={{{y13Title|}}} }} |{{#if: {{{y14Title|}}} | arg:y14Title={{{y14Title|}}} }} |{{#if: {{{y15Title|}}} | arg:y15Title={{{y15Title|}}} }} }}<!-- --></div><!-- End enwiki-chart-content div -->{{#if:{{{thumb|}}}|</div><!-- End thumbimage div --><div class="thumbcaption" {{#if: {{{width|}}}|style="width:{{Ifnumber|{{{width}}}|{{{width}}}px|{{{width}}} }};"}}>|<div class="center"><small>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{title|}}}|<span class="enwiki-chart-title" id="enwiki-chart-header-id">{{{title}}}</span>}}<span class="caption enwiki-chart-caption" role="caption" id="enwiki-chart-caption-id">{{{caption|}}}</span> <!-- -->{{#if: {{{hideSource|}}} ||<!-- -->{{#if: {{{source|}}} | Source: {{{source}}} | View [[c:Data:{{{chartdefinition}}}|chart definition]]. }}{{#if:{{{thumb|}}}|</div>|</small>}}</div><!-- End thumbinner div -->}}</div><!-- End enwiki-chart/thumb div -->{{#ifeq:{{{align|}}}|center|</div>}}<!-- End center div -->{{#if:{{{thumb|}}}||<div style="clear: {{#switch:{{{align|}}}|right=right|left=left|#default=both}};"></div>}}</includeonly></onlyinclude> tlberygt63bhznx79kv7mkl4oi108ya 10 48126 299753 2026-06-27T10:25:47Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: /* {{pp-template}} */ .enwiki-chart { padding: 5px; background: var(--background-color-base); box-sizing: border-box; overflow: clip; } 299753 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .enwiki-chart { padding: 5px; background: var(--background-color-base); box-sizing: border-box; overflow: clip; } rd8aqjnxgjxskc8e1lbnqpyagijbbv6 10 48127 299754 2026-06-27T10:26:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299754 wikitext text/x-wiki Boggan hoose wuxuu soo celinayaa qaab-dhismeedka jaantuska ee la rabo. <onlyinclude><includeonly><!-- -->{{#if:{{{chart|}}} | {{{chart}}} | {{#if:{{{definition|}}} | {{{definition}}} | {{#switch: {{{type|}}} | bar = Template bar.chart | pie = Template pie.chart | line = Template line.chart | area = Template area.chart | #default = Template bar.chart}} }} }} </includeonly></onlyinclude> pe7riuq8h89pg7o7nkswmuxat54lwen 0 48128 299758 2026-06-27T10:30:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299758 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chutes Ekom Nkam.jpg|thumb|alt=Biyo-dhac kala qaybsan ayaa ku qulqula webiga gudaha dooxada, iyadoo ay ku hareeraysan yihiin dhir cagaaran|Chutes d'Ekom]] '''Webiga Nkam''' wuxuu ka soo koraa [[Western High Plateau]] ee [[Gobolka Galbeedka (Cameroon)|Gobolka Galbeedka]] ee [[Cameroon]], wuxuuna ku biiraa [[Webiga Makombé|Makombé]] si uu u noqdo [[Webiga Wouri|Wouri]]. Waxaa dalxiisayaasha looga yaqaanaa Chutes d'Ekom oo ah biyo-dhac dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|80|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} qiyaastii {{convert|30|km|mi}} u jira [[Bafang]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAGYhdVBirUC&pg=PA115 |page=115 |title=Cameroon 2nd |author=Ben West |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-84162-248-4}}</ref> Koonfurta magaalada [[Dschang]], Santchou Faunal Reserve waxay dhinaca bari ka xigtaa webiga.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6121 |title=Santchou Faunal Reserve |publisher=BirdLife International |accessdate=2011-02-05}}</ref> == Kalluumeysiga == [[File:Fleuve Nkam à partir de Bafang 01.jpg|thumb|Webiga Nkam]] Fatahaadda sannadlaha ah ee dooxada webiga waxay bixisaa malaayiin kalluunka catfish-ka ah. Kuwan waxaa loo qabtaa si degdeg ah loo isticmaalo, ama si loogu buuxiyo balliyada loo isticmaalo beerashada kalluunka.<ref>{{Cite FTP |url=ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/011/i0254e/i0254e03.pdf |title=Beerashada kalluunka ee Clarias catfish: daraasad kiis oo ku saabsan kalluumeysatada Santchou ee galbeedka Cameroon |author=Victor Pouomogne |accessdate=2011-02-05 |server=Food & Agriculture Organization |url-status=dead |year=2008}}</ref> Balliyada kalluunka waxaa la diyaariyaa dhamaadka xilliga abaaraha, iyadoo dhoobada hoose la saaro oo hoyga kalluunka la dayactiro. Balliyada waxaa ku soo duula cawska iyo duurka inta lagu jiro qaybta hore ee xilliga roobka, laga bilaabo Abriil ilaa Luulyo. Caadi ahaan, webiga Nkam wuxuu fatahaa laga bilaabo Luulyo ilaa Oktoobar, marka kalluunku u haajiro balliyada. Inta u dhaxaysa Janaayo iyo Maarso biyuhu way gurtaan, balliyada waa la miiraa kalluunkana waa la guraa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Clarias_gariepinus/en |title=Barnaamijka Macluumaadka Noocyada Biyaha ee La Beeray Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) |publisher=Food & Agriculture Organization |accessdate=2011-02-05}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|4.5702|10.1636|format=dms|type:river_region:CM|display=title}} ku3efzwrvzsl9ia2zpqc4pdd90ekjmn 0 48129 299760 2026-06-27T10:32:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299760 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nyong OSM.png|thumb|right|Lokundje ee koonfurta Cameroon (bidix)]] {{Coord|3.19556|N|9.93583|E|display=title}} '''Lokundje''' waa webi ku yaalla koonfur-galbeedka [[Cameroon]]. Wuxuu ku qulqulaa meel u dhow [[Bipindi]] iyo [[Fifinda]] iyo [[Ebea Falls]].<ref name="Leyden1935">{{cite book|author=Nederlandsche Botanische Vereeniging, Leyden|title=Recueil des travaux botaniques néerlandais, publié par la Société botanique néerlandaise, ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wlgQAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=29 Agoosto 2012|year=1935|publisher=F.E. Macdonald|page=273}}</ref> Webigu wuxuu door ciidan ka ciyaaray dagaalkii Faransiiska uu la galay Jarmalka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka.<ref name="MoberlyDefence1931">{{cite book|author1=Frederick James Moberly|author2=Great Britain. Committee of Imperial Defence|author3=Imperial War Museum (Great Britain). Dept. of Printed Books|author4=Great Britain. Colonial Office|title=Military operations, Togoland and the Cameroons, 1914-1916|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KLufAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=29 Agoosto 2012|year=1931|publisher=Imperial War Museum, Dept. of Printed Books|isbn=978-0-89839-235-7|page=197}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} 5rq8f1364lj7yb3vw7fbare0ot10bdb 0 48130 299761 2026-06-27T10:35:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299761 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wouri estuary 1850.svg|thumb|300px|Wouri estuary oo muujinaya qaybta hoose ee webiga (dhexe-bari) iyo degsiimooyinkii [[Duala people|Duala]] qiyaastii 1850]] '''Webiga Dibamba''' wuxuu ku yaalla [[Gobolka Littoral (Cameroon)|Gobolka Littoral]] ee koonfurta [[Cameroon]], wuxuuna ugu shubaa [[Cameroon estuary]] meel u dhow magaalada [[Doula]]. ==Goobta== Webiga Dibamba wuxuu leeyahay dherer dhan {{convert|150|km|mi}} iyo aag ballaaran oo dhan {{convert|2400|km2|sqmi}}. Celceliska qulqulka afka webiga waa 480 mitir kuyuubik ilbidhiqsi kasta.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nodc-cameroon.org/anthropo.pdf |title=ASTAAMAHA DABIICIGA AH IYO KUWA BINI'AADMIGA EE AAGGA XEEBTA CAMEROON |author1=Jean Folack |author2=Charles Emene Gabche |publisher=Machadka Cilmi-baarista Beeraha ee Horumarinta (IRAD), Cameroon |accessdate=2011-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727125229/http://www.nodc-cameroon.org/anthropo.pdf |archive-date=27 Luulyo 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Afkiisa, webigu waa mid uu saameeyo hirarka badda (tidal), wuxuuna ugu qulqulaa estuary-ga iyada oo loo marayo kaymo mangrove ah oo koonfurta ka fidsan Douala ilaa Point Souelaba.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA466 |page=466 |title=Tusmada qoyaan-dhuleedka Afrika |author1=R. H. Hughes |author2=J. S. Hughes |publisher=IUCN |year=1992 |isbn=2-88032-949-3}}</ref> Meel u dhow Douala, webiga waxaa ka gudba {{convert|370|m|ft}} buundo wadada weyn ah oo laga dhisay laami (concrete) la diyaariyay 1983–1984.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?id=s0006931 |title=Pont de Douala sur la Dibamba |work=Structurae |accessdate=2011-02-24}}</ref> [[File:Carrière de sable de la Dimbamba.jpg|thumb|Tuulo u dhow goobta ciidda laga qodo]] ==Taariikh== [[Duala people|Duala]], oo maanta ku nool gobolka magaalada Douala iyo hareeraheeda, waxay u guureen goobta ay hadda joogaan iyagoo ka yimid [[Piti, Cameroon|Piti]] oo ku taal webiga Dibamba, iyagoo barakiciyay beeraleydii Bassa-Bakoko. Dhaqanka Duala wuxuu leeyahay waxay yihiin faracii Mbedi, wiilkii Mbongo, oo ku noolaa Piti.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.peuplesawa.com/downloads/60.pdf |title=Unraveling Conflicting Narratives about the Origins of the Isubu of Bimbia |author=Dibussi Tande |work=Peuplesawa |accessdate=2011-02-24}}</ref> [[Monneba]] wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiye Duala ah oo ku sugnaa xeebta Cameroon 1630-meeyadii, wuxuuna ku hawlanaa ganacsiga fool-maroodiga iyo addoonta uu la lahaa reer Yurub. Khariidadaha Dutch-ka ee 1650-meeyadii waxay magaca Monneba saareen Webiga Dibamba, kaas oo loo yaqaan Monneba's Creek ama Channel (Monnebasa Gat).<ref>{{cite book |author1=Austen, Ralph A. |author2=Derrick, Jonathan |year=1999 |title=Middlemen of the Cameroons Rivers: The Duala and their Hinterland, c. 1600–c.1960 |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> Dibamba waxay ahayd goobtii dagaallada badda intii lagu jiray [[Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]], markii Taliye Ralph Stuart Sneyd uu ka qayb qaatay oo uu quusiyay markab weyn oo Jarmal ah 10 Sebteembar 1914, wuxuuna cadowga ka saaray saldhigoodii Piti.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1Battle1409Cameroons.htm |title=CAMEROONS CAMPAIGN - 1914 |editor=Gordon Smith |work=Naval-History.Net |accessdate=2011-02-24}}</ref> ==Arrimaha deegaanka== [[File:A la recherche du sable dans la rivière Dmbamba.jpg|thumb|Goobta ciidda laga qodo ee Webiga Dibamba]] Aagga warshadaha ee Bassa ee Douala wuxuu ku dhammaadaa qaab-dhismeedka qulqulka biyaha ee Webiga Dibamba, halkaas oo wasakhdu ka soo baxdo. Dhulka qoyan waxaa si dhakhso ah u gumeystay noocyo duullaan ah (invasive species), waxaana la aqoonsaday tiro badan oo [[phytoplankton]] ah, kuwaas oo qaarkood ay sababtay wasakhdu.{{Citation needed|date=Febraayo 2011}} Dhanka gudaha, weli waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah kaymaha qoyan ee joogtada ah ee webiga, laakiin kuwa kale oo badan ayaa la nadiifiyay oo la miiray beeraha timirta saliidda. Xoolaha webiga si fiican looma ilaaliyo. African Manatee ([[Trichechus senegalensis]]) waa mid khatar ku jira.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Portals/15/CAMEROON.pdf |title = Cameroon |work = Ramsar Wetlands |accessdate = 2011-02-24 |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110728173954/http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Portals/15/CAMEROON.pdf |archivedate = 28 Luulyo 2011}}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} {{coord|3.948858|N|9.762726|E|display=title}} qh1ut1g0n9gf9adwtcy87d08vazvv24 0 48131 299762 2026-06-27T10:37:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Boumba | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Bumba, Wumo | name_etymology = | image = Crossing the Bumba, 1911.jpg | image_size = 300 | image_caption = Webiga Boumba 1911 | image_alt = | map = Sangha OSM.png | map_size = 300 | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Cameroon]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobollada | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Bari (Cameroon)|Gobolka Bari]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|530|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Moloundou | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{Convert|285|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Meel u dhow [[Abong-Mbang]] | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|3|52|00|N|13|28|00|E|}}<!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = {{convert|680|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = Isku-darka [[Webiga Dja|Dja]] | mouth_location = Meel u dhow Moloundou | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|2.035382|N|15.193748|E|}}<!-- {{Coord|...|display=inline,title}} --> | mouth_elevation = {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = [[Webiga Congo]] | basin_size = {{convert|27400|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}} | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = Lokomo | tributaries_right = Medoum, Bouda, Ndjwe, Bek | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Boumba''' waa webi ku yaalla [[South Cameroon Plateau]] ee koonfur-bari [[Cameroon]]. == Juqraafi == Webigu wuxuu ka soo koraa gobolka [[Abong-Mbang]]. Boumba wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay ku dhawaad 530 km, wuxuuna leeyahay aag qabasho oo dhan 27,400 km² <ref name="FluCAM">[http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/Mon_hydr/25393.pdf PDF ku saabsan biyo-xisaabeedka Cameroon (Faransiis)] </ref> == Biyo-xisaabeedka (Hydrometry) == Qulqulka webiga waxaa lagu cabbiray Biwala m³/s<ref name="FluCAM"/> {{ChartDirect|width=600px|type=bar|x=Jan,Feb,Mar,Abril,May,Juun,Juul,Ago,Seb,Okt,Noof,Dis|y1=60.6, 47.7, 54.7, 69.5, 78.7, 91.0, 83.1, 100, 175, 216, 176, 92.4|y1Title=qulqulka ee m³/s}} == Deegaanka == Webigu waa [[tributary]] ka mid ah [[Webiga Dja]] wuxuuna ku dhow yahay [[Boumba Bek National Park]], kaas oo ku yaalla inta u dhaxaysa Boumba iyo [[Webiga Bek]]. Aagga kaynta ee ku hareeraysan webiga waa nidaam deegaan oo kala duwan. Qoryaha jarista (logging) waa warshad ka jirta aagga. Gobolka fog wuxuu hoy u yahay [[Dadka Baka (Cameroon iyo Gabon)|Baka]].<ref>[http://www.forestpeoples.org/sites/fpp/files/publication/2010/08/cameroonbbekeng.pdf Aagagga la ilaaliyo iyo dadka asaliga ah: isgoyska ilaalinta iyo badbaadada Baka ee gobolka Moloundou (koonfur-bari Cameroon)]</ref> Bulshooyinka aagga ku nool waxay ku hawlan yihiin beerashada nolol maalmeedka, ugaarsiga, kalluumeysiga iyo ururinta. Aagga waxaa sidoo kale isticmaala ugaarsatada sharci darrada ah ee ganacsiga [[hilibka duurjoogta]], ganacsatada iyo [[ugaarsatada abaalmarinta]]. Babbaaga iyo [[fool-maroodiga]] ayaa sidoo kale si sharci darro ah loogu tahriibiyaa aagga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wrm.org.uy/oldsite/bulletin/67/Cameroon.html# |title=Dhaqdhaqaaqa Kaynta Roobka |access-date=2014-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507011947/http://www.wrm.org.uy/oldsite/bulletin/67/Cameroon.html# |archive-date=2014-05-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Trivia == * Aagga waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu yahay meel suurtogal ah oo uu ka soo jeedo fayraska [[HIV]].<ref>[http://www.dailykos.com/story/2013/04/07/1199972/-Out-of-Africa-The-Origins-of-HIV Out of Africa: Asalaka HIV]</ref> * Halyeeyga [[Mokèlé-mbèmbé]] ayaa la sheegay in lagu arkay webiga sannadkii 2000. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{coord|2.0354|N|15.1937|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} p0hw8eq9nja9u3kiz4e3mn65ri9sxzb 299763 299762 2026-06-27T10:37:39Z Isma4l 41797 299763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Boumba | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Bumba, Wumo | name_etymology = | image = Crossing the Bumba, 1911.jpg | image_size = 300 | image_caption = Webiga Boumba 1911 | image_alt = | map = Sangha OSM.png | map_size = 300 | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Cameroon]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobollada | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Bari (Cameroon)|Gobolka Bari]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|530|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Moloundou | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{Convert|285|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Meel u dhow [[Abong-Mbang]] | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|3|52|00|N|13|28|00|E|}}<!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = {{convert|680|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = Isku-darka [[Webiga Dja|Dja]] | mouth_location = Meel u dhow Moloundou | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|2.035382|N|15.193748|E|}}<!-- {{Coord|...|display=inline,title}} --> | mouth_elevation = {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = [[Webiga Congo]] | basin_size = {{convert|27400|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}} | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = Lokomo | tributaries_right = Medoum, Bouda, Ndjwe, Bek | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Boumba''' waa webi ku yaalla [[South Cameroon Plateau]] ee koonfur-bari [[Cameroon]]. == Juqraafi == Webigu wuxuu ka soo koraa gobolka [[Abong-Mbang]]. Boumba wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay ku dhawaad 530 km, wuxuuna leeyahay aag qabasho oo dhan 27,400 km² <ref name="FluCAM">[http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/Mon_hydr/25393.pdf PDF ku saabsan biyo-xisaabeedka Cameroon (Faransiis)] </ref> == Biyo-xisaabeedka == Qulqulka webiga waxaa lagu cabbiray Biwala m³/s<ref name="FluCAM"/> {{ChartDirect|width=600px|type=bar|x=Jan,Feb,Mar,Abril,May,Juun,Juul,Ago,Seb,Okt,Noof,Dis|y1=60.6, 47.7, 54.7, 69.5, 78.7, 91.0, 83.1, 100, 175, 216, 176, 92.4|y1Title=qulqulka ee m³/s}} == Deegaanka == Webigu waa [[tributary]] ka mid ah [[Webiga Dja]] wuxuuna ku dhow yahay [[Boumba Bek National Park]], kaas oo ku yaalla inta u dhaxaysa Boumba iyo [[Webiga Bek]]. Aagga kaynta ee ku hareeraysan webiga waa nidaam deegaan oo kala duwan. Qoryaha jarista (logging) waa warshad ka jirta aagga. Gobolka fog wuxuu hoy u yahay [[Dadka Baka (Cameroon iyo Gabon)|Baka]].<ref>[http://www.forestpeoples.org/sites/fpp/files/publication/2010/08/cameroonbbekeng.pdf Aagagga la ilaaliyo iyo dadka asaliga ah: isgoyska ilaalinta iyo badbaadada Baka ee gobolka Moloundou (koonfur-bari Cameroon)]</ref> Bulshooyinka aagga ku nool waxay ku hawlan yihiin beerashada nolol maalmeedka, ugaarsiga, kalluumeysiga iyo ururinta. Aagga waxaa sidoo kale isticmaala ugaarsatada sharci darrada ah ee ganacsiga [[hilibka duurjoogta]], ganacsatada iyo [[ugaarsatada abaalmarinta]]. Babbaaga iyo [[fool-maroodiga]] ayaa sidoo kale si sharci darro ah loogu tahriibiyaa aagga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wrm.org.uy/oldsite/bulletin/67/Cameroon.html# |title=Dhaqdhaqaaqa Kaynta Roobka |access-date=2014-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507011947/http://www.wrm.org.uy/oldsite/bulletin/67/Cameroon.html# |archive-date=2014-05-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Trivia == * Aagga waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu yahay meel suurtogal ah oo uu ka soo jeedo fayraska [[HIV]].<ref>[http://www.dailykos.com/story/2013/04/07/1199972/-Out-of-Africa-The-Origins-of-HIV Out of Africa: Asalaka HIV]</ref> * Halyeeyga [[Mokèlé-mbèmbé]] ayaa la sheegay in lagu arkay webiga sannadkii 2000. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{coord|2.0354|N|15.1937|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} 3cq2qix4alccicfvc67ddp23sdt44q3 299764 299763 2026-06-27T10:40:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Boumba | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Bumba, Wumo | name_etymology = | image = Crossing the Bumba, 1911.jpg | image_size = 300 | image_caption = Webiga Boumba 1911 | image_alt = | map = Sangha OSM.png | map_size = 300 | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Cameroon]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobollada | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Bari (Cameroon)|Gobolka Bari]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|530|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Moloundou | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{Convert|285|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Meel u dhow [[Abong-Mbang]] | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|3|52|00|N|13|28|00|E|}}<!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = {{convert|680|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = Isku-darka [[Webiga Dja|Dja]] | mouth_location = Meel u dhow Moloundou | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|2.035382|N|15.193748|E|}}<!-- {{Coord|...|display=inline,title}} --> | mouth_elevation = {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = [[Webiga Congo]] | basin_size = {{convert|27400|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}} | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = Lokomo | tributaries_right = Medoum, Bouda, Ndjwe, Bek | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Boumba''' waa webi ku yaalla [[Buuraha Koonfurta Cameroon]] ee koonfur bari [[Cameroon]]. == Juqraafi == Webigu wuxuu ka soo koraa gobolka [[Abong-Mbang]]. Boumba wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay ku dhawaad 530 km, wuxuuna leeyahay aag qabasho oo dhan 27,400 km² <ref name="FluCAM">[http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/Mon_hydr/25393.pdf PDF ku saabsan biyo-xisaabeedka Cameroon (Faransiis)] </ref> == Biyo-xisaabeedka == Qulqulka webiga waxaa lagu cabbiray Biwala m³/s<ref name="FluCAM"/> {{ChartDirect|width=600px|type=bar|x=Jan,Feb,Mar,Abril,May,Juun,Juul,Ago,Seb,Okt,Noof,Dis|y1=60.6, 47.7, 54.7, 69.5, 78.7, 91.0, 83.1, 100, 175, 216, 176, 92.4|y1Title=qulqulka ee m³/s}} == Deegaanka == Webigu waa [[tributary]] ka mid ah [[Webiga Dja]] wuxuuna ku dhow yahay [[Boumba Bek National Park]], kaas oo ku yaalla inta u dhaxaysa Boumba iyo [[Webiga Bek]]. Aagga kaynta ee ku hareeraysan webiga waa nidaam deegaan oo kala duwan. Qoryaha jarista (logging) waa warshad ka jirta aagga. Gobolka fog wuxuu hoy u yahay [[Dadka Baka (Cameroon iyo Gabon)|Baka]].<ref>[http://www.forestpeoples.org/sites/fpp/files/publication/2010/08/cameroonbbekeng.pdf Aagagga la ilaaliyo iyo dadka asaliga ah: isgoyska ilaalinta iyo badbaadada Baka ee gobolka Moloundou (koonfur-bari Cameroon)]</ref> Bulshooyinka aagga ku nool waxay ku hawlan yihiin beerashada nolol maalmeedka, ugaarsiga, kalluumeysiga iyo ururinta. Aagga waxaa sidoo kale isticmaala ugaarsatada sharci darrada ah ee ganacsiga [[hilibka duurjoogta]], ganacsatada iyo [[ugaarsatada abaalmarinta]]. Babbaaga iyo [[fool-maroodiga]] ayaa sidoo kale si sharci darro ah loogu tahriibiyaa aagga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wrm.org.uy/oldsite/bulletin/67/Cameroon.html# |title=Dhaqdhaqaaqa Kaynta Roobka |access-date=2014-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507011947/http://www.wrm.org.uy/oldsite/bulletin/67/Cameroon.html# |archive-date=2014-05-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Trivia == * Aagga waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu yahay meel suurtogal ah oo uu ka soo jeedo fayraska [[HIV]].<ref>[http://www.dailykos.com/story/2013/04/07/1199972/-Out-of-Africa-The-Origins-of-HIV Out of Africa: Asalaka HIV]</ref> * Halyeeyga [[Mokèlé-mbèmbé]] ayaa la sheegay in lagu arkay webiga sannadkii 2000. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{coord|2.0354|N|15.1937|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} qvtc02er19j440erbfd94vhf9ua527v 0 48132 299765 2026-06-27T10:42:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Sota | image = River Niger Tributaries from Benin OSM.png | image_caption = Waqooyiga Benin iyadoo Sota ay ku taallo bartamaha | source1_location = Meel u dhow [[Ndali, Benin|Ndali]], [[Borgou Department]] | mouth_location = [[Webiga Niger]] at [[Malanville]] | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Benin]] | length_km = 250 | source1_elevation = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|31|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | basin_size_km2 = 13650 }} '''Sota''' waa webi ku yaalla waqooyiga [[Benin]] kaas oo qulqula waaxyaha [[Borgou Department|Borgou]] iyo [[Alibori Department|Alibori]]. Waa qayb ka mid ah [[Webiga Niger]] waxaana [[Webiga Tassiné]] uu ka mid yahay qaybaha uu ka samaysmo. Webigu waa qiyaastii {{convert|250|km|abbr=on}} dhererkiisu wuxuuna daboolaa aag ballaaran oo dhan {{convert|13650|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/t0360e/T0360E02.htm |title=COUNTRY FILES – SIFRA BOOK 2 – BENIN |publisher=Waaxda Kalluumeysiga iyo Beerashada Biyaha, [[Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|FAO]] |accessdate=2015-09-15}}</ref> ==Juqraafi== Sota waxay ka soo koraa waqooyi-bari magaalada [[Ndali, Benin|Ndali]] ee Gobolka Borgou. Webigu wuxuu u ordaa dhanka waqooyi-waqooyi-bari wuxuuna ugu shubaa [[Webiga Niger]] at [[Malanville]]. ==Roobabka== Roobabka sanadlaha ah ayaa laga diiwaan geliyay dhowr saldhig oo ku yaalla wabiga Sota: *[[Ségbana|Segbana]] (bartamaha-bari ee wabiga, meel u dhow xadka Nigeria): {{convert|1177.4|mm|abbr=on}} oo ku faafay muddo 53 maalmood ah. *[[Kandi, Benin|Kandi]] (bartamaha-galbeed ee wabiga): {{convert|1055.1|mm|abbr=on}}, oo ku faafay muddo 80 maalmood ah *[[Malanville]] (dhamaadka waqooyi ee wabiga marka uu ku biiro Niger): {{convert|919.9|mm|abbr=on}} muddo 53 maalmood ah Waxaa meel walba ka jira roobab aad u badan laga bilaabo Luulyo ilaa Sebteembar (xagaaga boreal), taas oo keenta fatahaado rabshad leh, laakiin dhimista ayaa ah xilli abaareed daran laga bilaabo Disembar ilaa Abriil.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/ipc/public/ipc-annex3-tsetse.pdf |title=Scénarios de lutte contre les trypanosomes en Afrique occidentale (annexe 3 page 14) - 2001 |language=Faransiis |format=PDF |accessdate=2008-03-04}}</ref> ==Biyo-xisaabeedka== Qulqulka webiga ayaa la arkayay muddo 40 sano ah (1953–1992) xarunta biyaha ee [[Couberi]], oo ku taal meel u dhow isgoyska uu la leeyahay Webiga Niger ee Malanville. Couberi, qulqulka sanadlaha ah ee celceliska ama la arkay muddadan wuxuu ahaa {{convert|31|m3/s|abbr=on}} aagga oo lagu xisaabtamayo {{convert|9111|to|13,410|km2|abbr=on}}. Celceliska qulqulka billaha ah ee la arkay laga bilaabo Febraayo ilaa Abriil waa laga bilaabo {{convert|3.7|–|3.9|m3/s|abbr=on}}, taas oo aad u cajiib ah Afrika iyada oo la raacayo go'aankeeda, iyada oo webiyada kale ee gobolka ay si joogto ah u dhacaan si ku filan oo ay ugu dhowaadaan inay qallalaan xilliga abaarta. Waa run in heerka roobka ee {{convert|900|–|1200|mm|abbr=on}} sanadkii uu aad u joogto yahay. Muddada indha-indheynta ee 40 sano, qulqulka billaha ah ee ugu yar wuxuu ahaa {{convert|2|m3/s|abbr=on}} halka qulqulka billaha ah ee ugu badan uu gaaray {{convert|358|m3/s|abbr=on}} kaas oo ka badan qulqulka celceliska [[Seine]] ee [[Paris]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1734600.html |title=GRDC - La Sota à Couberi |accessdate=2008-03-04}}</ref> ;Celceliska qulqulka billaha ah ee Sota (m³/s (cu ft/s)) oo lagu cabbiray saldhigga biyaha ee Couberi. (Xogta lagu xisaabiyay 40 sano) <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:280 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:140 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:20 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:10 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Jan. bar:Feb text:Feb. bar:Mar text:March bar:Apr text:April bar:May text:May bar:Jun text:June bar:Jul text:July bar:Aug text:August bar:Sep text:Sept. bar:Oct text:Oct. bar:Nov text:Nov. bar:Dec text:Dec. PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 4.6 bar:Feb from:0 till: 3.7 bar:Mar from:0 till: 3.9 bar:Apr from:0 till: 3.8 bar:May from:0 till: 6.4 bar:Jun from:0 till: 10.3 bar:Jul from:0 till: 26.1 bar:Aug from:0 till: 74.4 bar:Sep from:0 till: 139.6 bar:Oct from:0 till: 74.4 bar:Nov from:0 till: 16.0 bar:Dec from:0 till: 5.9 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 4.6 fontsize:S text: 4.6 shift:(-10,5) bar:Feb at: 3.7 fontsize:S text: 3.7 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 3.9 fontsize:S text: 3.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Apr at: 3.8 fontsize:S text: 3.8 shift:(-10,5) bar:May at: 6.4 fontsize:S text: 6.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 10.3 fontsize:S text: 10.3 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 26.1 fontsize:S text: 26.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aug at: 74.4 fontsize:S text: 74.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 139.6 fontsize:S text: 139.6 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 74.4 fontsize:S text: 74.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 16.0 fontsize:S text: 16.0 shift:(-10,5) bar:Dec at: 5.9 fontsize:S text: 5.9 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/ipc/public/ipc-annex3-tsetse.pdf www-naweb.iaea.org] {{in lang|fr}} {{Coord|11.875|3.406|display=title}} r9ui6damqpr42givv74cz0dqjyxafyv 0 48133 299766 2026-06-27T10:46:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Alibori | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = River Niger Tributaries from Benin OSM.png | image_size = | image_caption = Waqooyiga Benin oo Alibori ay ku taallo bartamaha | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Benin | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka webigu ku yaallo Benin | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Benin]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|11.933|3.291|display=inline, title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Webiga Niger]] | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Alibori''' waa webi ku yaalla qaybta waqooyi-bari ee [[Benin]]. Wuxuu ka soo koraa meel u dhow tuulada [[Tobré]] ee [[Atakora Department]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa waqooyi-bari, ugu dambayntiina wuxuu ugu shubaa [[Webiga Niger]] meel u dhow [[Birni-Lafia]].<ref>{{cite map |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet17-6th-ed.jpg |title=Sheet 17: Lagos |series=Series 2201 |scale=1:2,000,000 |publisher=Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center |date=Abriil 1973}}</ref><ref>Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.</ref> Gudaha [[Alibori Department]] wuxuu sameeyaa xadka bari ee degmooyinka [[Banikoara]] iyo [[Karimama, Benin|Karimama]], iyo sidoo kale xadka bari ee [[W Transborder Park]]. [[Webiga Pako]] waa mid ka mid ah qaybaha uu ka samaysmo. Waxaa ku nool [[yaxaas]].<ref name="Meeting1982">{{cite book|author=International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Crocodile Specialist Group. Working Meeting|title=Crocodiles: Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Convened at the Florida State Museum, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A., 12 to 16 August 1980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbYXIocjPgC&pg=PA193|accessdate=30 Abriil 2012|year=1982|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-209-0|page=193}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 0l9g7a6o2ggupd899beg51q3dox8mjz 0 48134 299767 2026-06-27T10:49:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Agbado | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = Oueme OSM.png | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Nidaamka Webiga Ouémé oo ay la socdaan webiga Zou iyo webiga Agbado (koonfur galbeed) | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Benin | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka webiga | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Benin]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|7.565|2.129|type:river|display=inline, title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Agbado''' waa webi ku yaalla [[Benin]].<ref>Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.</ref> Wuxuu u qulqulaa dhulka [[Maxi people|Maxi]] ee waqooyiga [[Abomey]].<ref name="HerskovitsHerskovits1964">{{cite book|last1=Herskovits|first1=Melville Jean|last2=Herskovits|first2=Frances Shapiro|title=An outline of Dahomean religious belief|url=https://archive.org/details/outlineofdahomea0000hers|url-access=registration|accessdate=30 Abriil 2012|year=1964|publisher=Kraus|page=[https://archive.org/details/outlineofdahomea0000hers/page/63 63]}}</ref> Wuxuu koonfur ugu qulqulaa halka uu ka soo koco ee waqooyiga [[Collines Department]], wuxuu maraa magaalada [[Savalou]], wuxuuna ugu shubaa [[Webiga Zou]] dhanka [[Atchérigbé Classified Forest]] ee u dhow [[Setto]].<ref>{{cite map |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet17-6th-ed.jpg |title=Sheet 17: Lagos |series=Series 2201 |scale=1:2,000,000 |publisher=Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center |date=Abriil 1973}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} mc2nualso36edaqqfedex416eoz0jn3 0 48135 299768 2026-06-27T10:54:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299768 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jean_Barbot_Grand_Popo_map_1686.jpg|thumb|Sawirka [[Grand-Popo]] iyo qayb ka mid ah Bouche du Roy (1686)]] '''Bouche du Roy''' waa estuary ku yaalla [[Benin]] halkaas oo [[Webiga Mono]], [[Grand-Popo lagoon]], iyo [[Lake Ahémé]] ay ugu shubmaan [[Gacanka Guinea]].{{Sfn|Strickrodt|2015|pp=2–3}} Sannadkii 2016, aag la ilaaliyo ayaa laga aasaasay qayb ka mid ah Bouche du Roy. == Taariikh == === Magacaabista iyo sharraxaadda === Magaca Bouche du Roy waa [[gallicization]] laga soo qaatay weedha Bortaqiis ee {{Lang|pt|Boca do rio}} (afka webiga). Jiritaanka biyaha waxaa sidoo kale loogu yeeraa magacyo kala duwan, sida "Papoues" qarnigii 16-aad iyo "Webiga Popos" qarnigii 17-aad.{{Sfn|Strickrodt|2015|p=36}} Meesha ay Bouche du Roy ka furmaan [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] way isbeddeshay intii lagu jiray taariikhda.{{Sfn|Strickrodt|2015|p=36}} Qoto-dheeraanta furitaanku aad ayay u kala duwan tahay iyadoo ku xiran xilliga, sidaas darteedna way u fududahay in lagu dhex maro [[Canoe|doonyo]] xilliga roobka, laakiin aad ayay u adag tahay in la maro xilliga abaarta.{{Sfn|Strickrodt|2015|p=37}} Inta lagu jiro roobabka mahiigaanka ah, meelaha ku hareeraysan biyaha ayaa barara oo ay ka buuxaan [[biyo macaan]], Bouche du Roy-na wuxuu u adeegaa sidii meel ay biyuhu u baxaan oo u gudbaan badda.{{Sfn|Strickrodt|2015|p=38}} Heerka biyaha ee sarreeya wuxuu dhulka fatahay u beddelaa qoyan (swamps) mararka qaarkoodna wuxuu abuuraa meelo ku-meel-gaar ah oo biyo-bax ah oo ku teedsan [[Sandspit (landform)|tuurka ciidda]] ee ka imanaya harada una gudbaya badda.{{Sfn|Strickrodt|2015|pp=38–39}} Xilliyada abaarta, Bouche du Roy wuxuu u adeegaa sidii marin loo maro badda iyo meydadka biyaha ee kor ku xusan kuwaas oo hoy u noqon kara [[kalluunka biyaha milixda leh]].{{Sfn|Strickrodt|2015|pp=39–49}} Taariikh ahaan, [[Dadka Hula]] waxay [[Salt production|soo saari jireen milix]] ka soo saarista meelaha qallalan ee harooyinka u dhow inta lagu jiro xilliga abaarta.{{Sfn|Strickrodt|2015|pp=40,54}} Bouche du Roy wuxuu u adeegayay sidii xuduud u dhaxaysa [[Boqortooyada Hula]] iyo maamullada kale, sida [[Boqortooyada Whydah|Boqortooyada Hueda]] iyo [[Dahomey]].{{Sfn|Strickrodt|2015|pp=2–3}} === Saamaynta dhaqanka === Shaqada {{Lang|fr|[[La Bouche du Roi (artwork)|La Bouche du Roi]]}} ee uu sameeyay farshaxaniistaha reer Benin [[Romuald Hazoumè]] waxaa loogu magac daray estuary-gan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carrying the past into the present: Romuald Hazoumé, 'La Bouche du Roi' |url=https://archives.history.ac.uk/1807commemorated/exhibitions/art/labouche.html |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=archives.history.ac.uk}}</ref> == Ilaalinta == {{Main|Aagga Ilaalinta Kala duwanaanshaha Noolaha ee La Bouche du Roy}} Qayb ka mid ah Bouche du Roy waxaa ilaaliya Aagga Ilaalinta Kala duwanaanshaha Noolaha ee La Bouche du Roy. Aagga la ilaaliyo ee [[IUCN Category VI]] waxaa la aasaasay 2016-kii, waxaana ku nool dhowr nooc oo khatar ugu jira inay dabar go'aan, sida [[African manatee]], [[African clawless otter]], iyo [[Leatherback sea turtle]].{{Sfn|Eco-Benin|2017|p=14}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} === Bibliografiya === * {{Cite report |url=https://www.ecobenin.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/pdf_brochure_bouche_du_roy_english_version_web_ecobenin.pdf |title=Simplified development and management plan (2017-2021) |last=Eco-Benin |date=2017}} * {{Cite book |last=Strickrodt |first=Silke |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/afroeuropean-trade-in-the-atlantic-world/3B01F47790676176FCAFB684568B5552 |title=Afro-European Trade in the Atlantic World: The Western Slave Coast, c. 1550–c.1885 |date=2015 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=978-1-84701-110-7 |series=Western Africa Series |pages=1–101}} 0de8h1s8o52ceveqlnhabqiancsxdzh 0 48136 299769 2026-06-27T10:57:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Biyo-xireenka Kompienga | name_official = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map = Burkina Faso | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | location_map_alt = | mapframe = yes | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|..|..|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}--> | country = Burkina Faso | location = [[Gobolka Kompienga]] | purpose = Ujeeddooyin badan | status = O | construction_began = {{start date|1985}} | opening = {{start date|1988}} | demolished = | cost = | builder = | designed_by = | owner = | operator = | dam_type = F | dam_crosses = Webiga Ouale | dam_height_foundation = {{convert|50|m}} | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_length = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = 2 | spillway_type = | spillway_length = | spillway_capacity = | spillway_volumetric_flow_rate = {{convert|110|m3/s}} | spillway_type2 = | spillway_length2 = | spillway_capacity2 = | spillway_volumetric_flow_rate2 = | spillway_type3 = | spillway_length3 = | spillway_capacity3 = | spillway_volumetric_flow_rate3 = | res_name = [[Lake Kompienga]] | res_capacity_total = {{convert|3|e6m3}} | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive = | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | res_tidal_range = | plant_name = Saldhigga Korontada Biyo-dhaca ee Kompienga | plant_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|..|..|type:landmark|display=inline}}--> | plant_operator = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | plant_type = R | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = 2 [[Francis turbine|turbines-ka Francis]] | plant_pumpgenerators = | plant_pumps = | plant_capacity = 14 | plant_capacity_factor = | plant_efficiency = | plant_storage_hours = | plant_annual_gen = | plant_annual_gen_year = | website = | extra = }} [[Image:Kompiengastausee MS1107.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Lake Kompienga]]]] '''Biyo-xireenka Kompienga''' waa [[biyo-xireen]] weyn oo [[korontada biyaha ka dhasha]] (hydro-electric) oo ku yaalla [[Gobolka Kompienga]] ee koonfur-bari [[Burkina Faso]]. Waxaa la dhisay intii u dhaxaysay 1985 iyo 1988, waana biyo-xireenkii ugu horreeyay ee dalka ee koronto-biyood, wuxuuna masuul ka yahay qayb badan oo ka mid ah sahayda [[korontada]] ee [[Ouagadougou]].<ref>Manson, K., Knight, J. (2006), ''Burkina Faso'', p.194, Bradt Travel Guides, The Globe Pequot Press Inc., Waxaa la helay Juun 17, 2008</ref> Dadka soo booqda waxay heli karaan oggolaansho ay ku booqdaan qolka kantaroolka ee biyo-xireenka oo laga qaadanayo hay'adda korontada ee gobolka.<ref>[http://www.unu.edu/unupress/food2/uin08e/uin08e0g.htm Daraasadda Kiiska Burkina Faso] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024175811/http://www.unu.edu/unupress/food2/uin08e/uin08e0g.htm |date=2010-10-24 }}, UNU, Waxaa la helay Juun 17, 2008</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Portal|Tamarta|Biyaha|Tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{coord|11.0821|0.6998|type:landmark_region:BF|display=title}} 8sdp3en17kpym4q9j7ri1xuadw4muq9 0 48137 299770 2026-06-27T11:00:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299770 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:River Niger Tributaries from Benin OSM.png|thumb|]] [[File:Mekrou river in W-National Park MS 6380.JPG|thumb|300px|Webiga Mékrou ee Beerta Qaranka ee W]] '''Webiga Mékrou''' waa [[webi]] ku yaalla [[Benin]], [[Burkina Faso]], iyo [[Niger]]. Wuxuu maraa [[Beerta Qaranka ee W]]. Isagoo ah qayb ka mid ah [[Webiga Niger]], wuxuu ka bilaabmaa Benin waqooyiga [[Kouande]] wuxuuna socdaa 250 kiiloomitir.<ref>Houngnikpo & Decalo 2013, p. 252</ref> Wuxuu qayb ka yahay xudduudka u dhexeeya Benin iyo Burkina Faso iyo inta u dhaxaysa Benin iyo Niger. Hindisaha dhismaha biyo-xireenka korontada ee Dyondyonga ee webiga ku yaalla ayaa walaac ku abuuray dadka u doodda deegaanka<ref>UNESCO (2003), W-Arly-Pendjari Complex</ref>.{{citation needed|date= Nofeembar 2019}} == Qoraallo == {{Reflist}} == Tixraacyo == *{{cite book|last1=Houngnikpo|first1=Mathurin|last2=Decalo|first2=Samuel|title=Qaamuuska Taariikhiga ah ee Benin|date=2013|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0810871717}} {{Coord|12.4|N|2.81667|E|display=title}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Webiga Mekrou}} shxjm9xjzjhf6i7iayna3d5atc08g82 0 48138 299771 2026-06-27T11:06:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name = Saldhigga Korontada Biyo-dhaca ee Sondu Miriu | image = | image_caption = | location_map = Kenya | country =[[Kenya]] | location = | coordinates = {{coord|0|20|33|S|34|51|08|E|source:dewiki_region:KE-700_scale:50000_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | owner = [[Shirkadda Korontada ee Kenya (KenGen)]] | purpose = Koronto | status = O | construction_began = 1999<ref name="Start"/> | opening = {{Start date and age|2007}}<ref>{{cite web| url=http://kisumunewsinfo.blogspot.com/2013/05/kisumus-sh56b-power-project-ready.html|title=Mashruuca Korontada ee Kisumu oo ku kacay 5.6 Bilyan Shilin oo diyaar ah|date=9 Maajo 2013| accessdate=5 Abriil 2016|publisher=Kisumu News Info (KNI)|location=Kisumu| last=KNI}}</ref> | demolished = | cost = | dam_type = | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Sondu]] | dam_length = | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | plant_name = Saldhigga Korontada Biyo-dhaca ee Sondu Miriu | plant_coordinates = | plant_operator =[[Shirkadda Korontada ee Kenya (KenGen)]] | plant_type = R | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = 2 X 30MW | plant_capacity = {{convert|60|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_commission = 24 Luulyo 2009<ref name="Launch">{{cite web| url=http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/business/2009/07/kenya-launches-sondu-miriu-power-plant/ |title=Kenya oo daah-furtay saldhigga korontada Sondu Miriu| accessdate=5 Abriil 2016|date=24 Luulyo 2009|last=Capital FM Reporter| publisher=[[98.4 Capital FM]]|location=Nairobi}}</ref> | plant_decommission = }} '''Saldhigga Korontada Biyo-dhaca ee Sondu Miriu''' waa saldhig koronto oo laga dhaliyo biyaha oo ku yaalla [[Webiga Sondu]] ee dalka Kenya.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/resources/the-impacts-of-sondu-miriu-river-hydro-electric-power-project-on-the-people-of-nyanza-2014| title=Saamaynta Mashruuca Korontada Biyo-dhaca ee Webiga Sondu-Miriu uu ku yeeshay dadka reer Nyanza|last=Africa Water Network|publisher=Internationalrivers.org| accessdate=5 Abriil 2016|date=22 Disembar 1999}}</ref><ref name="About">{{cite web|url=http://www.kengen.co.ke/index.php?page=business&subpage=hydro&id=10| title=Shirkadda Korontada ee Kenya: Mashruuca Korontada Biyo-dhaca ee Sondu Miriu|accessdate=5 Abriil 2015|date=5 Abriil 2015|publisher= [[Shirkadda Korontada ee Kenya (KENGEN)]]|last=KENGEN|location=Nairobi}}</ref> ==Goobta== Saldhigga korontada wuxuu ku yaallaa meel u dhow tuulada ''Kusa'' ee [[Degmada Kisumu]], qiyaastii {{convert|55|km|0}}, dhinaca wadada, koonfur-bari ee [[Kisumu]], oo ah meesha ay ku taallo xarunta degmada.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Kenya_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kusa%2C%20Kisumu%2C%20Kenya&toplace=Kisumu%2C%20Kenya%2C&dt1=ChIJNfbeIxbCKhgRsVIYQ9JR4wU&dt2=ChIJHchKrTekKhgR0o0k1jmkEiA|accessdate=5 Abriil 2016| title= Masaafada u dhaxaysa Kusa, Kisumu, Kenya iyo Kisumu, Kenya|last=GFC |date=5 Abriil 2016|publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}</ref> Tani waxay qiyaastii {{convert|350|km|0}} u jirtaa, dhinaca wadada, waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Nairobi]], oo ah caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn dalka.<ref>{{cite web|last=GFC | url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Kenya_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Nairobi%2C%20Kenya&toplace=Kusa%2C%20Kisumu%2C%20Kenya%2C&dt1=ChIJp0lN2HIRLxgRTJKXslQCz_c&dt2=ChIJNfbeIxbCKhgRsVIYQ9JR4wU|title=Masaafada u dhaxaysa Nairobi, Kenya iyo Kusa, Kisumu, Kenya|publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC) | accessdate=5 Abriil 2016|date=5 Abriil 2016}}</ref> Isku-duwayaasha saldhigga korontada waa: 0°20'33.0"S, 34°51'08.0"E (Loolka: 0°20'33.0"S; Dhigta: 34°51'08.0"E).<ref>{{google maps|accessdate=5 Abriil 2016| url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B020'33.0%22S+34%C2%B051'08.0%22E/@-0.3424896,34.8500317,450m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0| title=Goobta Saldhigga Korontada Biyo-dhaca ee Sondu Miriu}}</ref> ==Dulmar== Saldhigga korontadu waa mid gaar ah sababtoo ah kuma yaallo si toos ah webiga uu biyaha ka helo ee uu ku shaqeeyo. Meesha biyaha laga qaato, biyaha waxaa loo weeciyaa saldhigga korontada, iyadoo la marayo {{convert|6.2|km|mi}} oo marin-biyood ah. Ka dib marka korontada la soo saaro, [[biyaha wasakhda ah]] ee ka soo baxa waxaa lagu tuuraa qiyaastii {{convert|13|km|0}} dhanka hoose ee meesha biyaha laga qaato iyada oo loo marayo marin bixitaan oo dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|4.7|km|0}}. Khad {{convert|50|km|0}} oo ah 135kV ayaa korontada ka qaada saldhigga oo u geeya saldhig-hoosaad ku yaalla Kisumu, halkaas oo loogu daro shabakadda korontada qaranka. Dhismaha ayaa qaatay 10 sano, iyadoo deyn laga helay [[Bangiga Japan ee Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah]] oo ku kacay wadarta guud ee 19 bilyan oo Shilin (249 milyan oo Doolarka Mareykanka ah).<ref name="Start">{{cite web|url=http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Corporate-News/-/539550/630882/-/15p1u3c/-/index.html |title=Mashruuc laga soo jeediyay Webiga Sondu Miriu si loo yareeyo koronto la'aanta |accessdate=5 Abriil 2016| date=28 Luulyo 2009|first= Zeddy|last= Sambu|newspaper=[[Business Daily Africa]]| location=Nairobi}}</ref><ref name="Details">{{cite web|date=5 Abriil 2016| url=http://durrantinternational.com/ProjectPage_africa6.htm|last=DCIL | title=Durant & Company International Limited: Mashruuca Biyo-korontada ee Sondu/Miriu, Gobolka Nyanza, Kenya|publisher=Durant & Company International Limited (DCIL)|accessdate=5 Abriil 2016}}</ref> ==Arrimo kale== Ka dib markii Sondu Miriu la dhisay, saldhig kale oo koronto oo la xidhiidha, {{convert|20.2|MW|abbr=on}} [[Saldhigga Korontada Biyo-dhaca ee Sang'oro]], ayaa la dhisay intii u dhaxaysay 2007 iyo 2013, iyadoo la isticmaalayo biyaha ka soo baxa Sondu Miriu inay noqdaan biyaha ay ku shaqeeyaan.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=5 Abriil 2016|last=Cherono | url=http://www.nation.co.ke/Counties/Sondu+Miriu+power+plant+boost+for+jobs+and+schools+/-/1107872/1208672/-/468ihn/-/index.html|date=27 Luulyo 2011| title=Saldhigga korontada ee Sondu Miriu oo kor u qaadaya shaqooyinka iyo dugsiyada|first=Stella | newspaper=[[Daily Nation]]|location=Nairobi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Sondu-Miriu-power-project-to-ease-energy-crisis-in-western-Kenya/-/539546/1216804/-/12wc4gdz/-/index.html| title=Mashruuca korontada ee Sondu Miriu si uu u yareeyo dhibaatada tamarta ee galbeedka Kenya| accessdate=5 Abriil 2016|date=11 Agoosto 2011 |first=Frankline |last=Sunday| newspaper=[[Business Daily Africa]]|location=Nairobi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/evaluation/oda_loan/economic_cooperation/c8h0vm000001rdjt-att/kenya.pdf|title=Mashruuca Biyo-korontada ee Sondu-Miriu Saldhigga Korontada ee Sang'oro: Qiimayn Hore|accessdate=5 Abriil 2016| date=23 Janaayo 2007|publisher=[[Wakaaladda Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah ee Japan (JICA)]]| last=JICA|location=Tokyo}}</ref> ==Lahaanshaha== Saldhigga Korontada Biyo-dhaca ee Sondu Miriu waxaa 100 boqolkiiba leh [[Shirkadda Korontada ee Kenya (KenGen)]], oo ah shirkad ay dawladdu leedahay oo ka tirsan [[dawladda Kenya]].<ref name="About"/> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{stack|{{Portal|Kenya|Biyaha|Tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo}}}} *[[Liiska saldhigyada korontada ee Kenya]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist|30em}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000087466/kisumu-irony-of-dark-city-that-hosts-power-plants Kisumu: Calaacal ku saabsan magaalada mugdiga ah ee martigelisa saldhigyada korontada] j2sf722cxt4n27zi7kuo64u53atluk2 0 48139 299772 2026-06-27T11:09:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dam | name =Saldhigga Korontada Biyo-dhaca ee Ndula | image = | image_caption = | location_map =Kenya | country =[[Kenya]] | location = | coordinates = {{coord|01|01|35|S|37|14|36|E|source:dewiki_region:KE-700_scale:50000_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | owner = [[Shirkadda Korontada ee Kenya (KenGen)]] | purpose = Koronto | status = O | construction_began = | demolished = | cost = | dam_type = | dam_crosses = [[Webiga Thika]] | dam_length = | dam_height = | dam_height_foundation= | dam_height_thalweg = | dam_elevation_crest = | dam_width_crest = | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | spillway_count = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | res_name = | res_capacity_total = | res_capacity_active = | res_capacity_inactive= | res_catchment = | res_surface = | res_max_length = | res_max_width = | res_max_depth = | res_elevation = | plant_name = Saldhigga Korontada Biyo-dhaca ee Ndula | plant_coordinates = {{coord|01|01|35|S|37|14|36|E|type:landmark}} | plant_operator =[[Shirkadda Korontada ee Kenya (KenGen)]] | plant_type = R | plant_hydraulic_head = | plant_turbines = 2 X 1.0MW | plant_capacity = {{convert|2.0|MW|abbr=on}} | plant_commission = 1924 | plant_decommission = }} '''Saldhigga Korontada Biyo-dhaca ee Ndula''' waa saldhig koronto oo biyaha laga dhaliyo oo awoodiisu tahay {{convert|2.0|MW|abbr=on}} oo ku yaalla [[Webiga Thika]] ee dalka Kenya.<ref name="List">{{cite web|title=Shirkadda Korontada ee Kenya: Saldhigyada Korontada Biyaha|url=http://www.kengen.co.ke/%3Fq%3Dcontent/hydro-power-stations|accessdate=12 Abriil 2016|date=12 Abriil 2016|publisher=[[Shirkadda Korontada ee Kenya (KENGEN)]]|last=KENGEN|location=Nairobi|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417203736/http://www.kengen.co.ke/?q=content%2Fhydro-power-stations|archivedate=17 Abriil 2016}}</ref> ==Goobta== Saldhigga korontadu wuxuu ku yaallaa qiyaastii {{convert|25|km|0}}, dhinaca wadada, bariga magaalada [[Thika]], [[Degmada Kiambu]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Kenya_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Thika%2C%20Kiambu%2C%20Kenya&toplace=Ndula%20Village%20Centre%2C%20Kenya%2C&dt1=ChIJF2HGJ1tOLxgRJiwVJuGn-LY&dt2=ChIJCx_0ZIJWLxgR8-JK-59pwjc | title= Masaafada u dhaxaysa Thika, Kiambu, Kenya iyo Xarunta Tuulada Ndula, Kenya| publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC) |accessdate=12 Abriil 2016|date=12 Abriil 2016| last=GFC}}</ref> Tani waa qiyaastii {{convert|65|km|0}}, dhinaca wadada, waqooyi-bari ee [[Nairobi]], oo ah caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn dalka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Masaafada u dhaxaysa Nairobi, Kenya iyo Xarunta Tuulada Ndula, Kenya|url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Kenya_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Nairobi%2C%20Kenya&toplace=Ndula%20Village%20Centre%2C%20Kenya%2C&dt1=ChIJp0lN2HIRLxgRTJKXslQCz_c&dt2=ChIJCx_0ZIJWLxgR8-JK-59pwjc |last=GFC | accessdate=12 Abriil 2016|date=12 Abriil 2016|publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}</ref> Isku-duwayaasha saldhigga korontada waa: 1°01'35.0"S, 37°14'36.0"E (Loolka: -1.026384; Dhigta: 37.243335).<ref>{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/1%C2%B001'35.0%22S+37%C2%B014'36.0%22E/@-1.0385239,37.1764914,11.46z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0|title=Goobta Saldhigga Korontada Biyo-dhaca ee Ndula|accessdate=12 Abriil 2016}}</ref> ==Dulmar== Saldhigga Korontada ee Ndula waxaa la daah-furay sannadkii 1924-kii waxaana la joojiyay shaqadiisa bishii Disembar 2010 sababo la xidhiidha caqabado hawleed.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=13 Maarso, 2017 – Kengen Foundation |url=https://www.kengenfoundation.co.ke/2017/03/13/ |access-date=2026-06-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> Waxay leedahay laba turbine oo Francis ah oo jiif ah, kuwaas oo wada laba koronto-dhaliye. Waxaa iska leh oo maamusha Shirkadda Korontada ee Kenya.<ref name="List"/> Saldhigga Korontada ee Ndula ayaa loo qorsheeyay inuu noqdo matxafka ugu horreeya ee korontada ee Bariga Afrika laga bilaabo 2026.<ref name=":0" /> ==Lahaanshaha== Saldhigga Korontada Biyo-dhaca ee Ndula waxaa 100 boqolkiiba leh [[Shirkadda Korontada ee Kenya (KenGen)]], oo ah shirkad ay dawladdu leedahay oo ka tirsan [[dawladda Kenya]]. ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{stack|{{Portal|Kenya|Biyaha|Tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo}}}} *[[Liiska saldhigyada korontada ee Kenya]] ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[http://www.kengen.co.ke/ Website-ka Shirkadda Korontada ee Kenya] 1eepwoyap1abfd0b3gj6jh3qthufo1g 0 48140 299773 2026-06-27T11:12:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 299773 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tana OSM.png|right|thumb|330px|Webiga Thika (bidixda sare)]] '''Webiga Thika''' wuxuu maraa Degmada Kiambu ee badhtamaha [[Kenya]] waana qayb ka mid ah [[Webiga Tana (Kenya)|Webiga Tana]]<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Kiringu |first=Kuria |title=Tixgelinta arrimaha saameeya heerarka fatahaadda ee Webiga Tana ee Kenya |date=Maarso 1, 2015 |publisher=Stellenbosch : Jaamacadda Stellenbosch |url=http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96890 |language=en-ZA |archive-url=https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/b76d70a0-6990-4798-8d24-9705815635d7 |archive-date=Maarso 1, 2015}}</ref>. Webigu wuxuu sameeyaa xudduud nafsi ah oo u dhexeeya degmooyinka Murang'a iyo Kiambu. Webiga Thika waa il muhiim ah oo laga dhaliyo korontada biyaha ee dalka Kenya, wuxuuna bixiyaa inta badan biyaha la siiyo [[Nairobi]], oo ah caasimadda Kenya iyo magaalada ugu weyn<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Macharia |first=Racheal |last2=Ndiritu |first2=John |last3=Gathenya |first3=John M. |date=Janaayo 7, 2025 |title=Xeerarka hawlgelinta ee suurtagalka ah ee biyo-xireenka Thika ee Kenya |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/wwp2.12248?casa_token=hq-tRzWlmeEAAAAA%3Ay4rydW0ajznLudKWLwE_72viNN0cBhBmstrUmO1J71yKeZMSOoPfNWGHyOql_PdT6fGBYIqf66osO5yaJg |journal=World Water Policy |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=526-552 |via=Wiley Online Library}}</ref>. Magaca ''Thika'' wuxuu ka soo jeedaa midkood [[Af-Kikuyu]] ama [[Af-Maasai]].<ref name="Thika">{{cite web|url=http://www.thikamunicipal.go.ke/bginfo.php|title=Golaha Degmada Thika: Macluumaadka aasaasiga ah|publisher=Golaha Degmada Thika|accessdate=2008-09-28|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029063219/http://www.thikamunicipal.go.ke/bginfo.php|archivedate=2008-10-29}}</ref> Waxay la xiriiri kartaa erayga Kikuyu ee ''guthika'', kaas oo macnihiisu yahay ''in la aaso''.<ref name="Thika" /> Sidoo kale wuxuu la mid yahay erayga Maasai ee ''sika'', kaas oo macnihiisu yahay ''in wax laga tirtiro gees''.<ref name="Thika" /> ==Koorsada== Webiga Thika wuxuu ka bilaabmaa [[Aberdare Range]].<ref name="reservoir">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XDtP9_hNKAAC&dq=Thika+river&pg=PA131|title=Khayraadka Biyaha iyo Injineernimada Biyo-xireenka |pages=131–140|author=Ururka Biyo-xireennada Ingiriiska|publisher= Thomas Telford |year=1992|accessdate=2009-02-20 | isbn=978-0-7277-1692-7}}</ref> Wuxuu ku qulqulaa Webiga Tana, kaas oo ku dhaca [[Badweynta Hindiya]].<ref name="reservoir" /> Mid ka mid ah goobaha caanka ah ee ku yaalla koorsada webiga waa Thika Falls, oo u dhow magaalada [[Thika]].<ref name="ambros">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v7ha1PXs1OcC&dq=Thika+river&pg=PA162|title=Kenya: Tilmaame safar oo casri ah oo leh 153 sawir oo midab leh iyo 14 khariidadood |pages=159–162|author=Eva Ambros|publisher= Hunter Publishing |year=1999|accessdate=2009-02-20 | isbn=978-3-88618-167-4}}</ref> Thika Falls waxay leedahay hoos-u-dhac dhan qiyaastii {{convert|25|m|ft}} oo ku yaalla meel duur ah oo u dhow [[Blue Post Hotel]], oo ka mid ah huteellada ugu da'da weyn Kenya.<ref name="ambros" /> ==Deegaanka== Intii lagu jiray bilowgii qarnigii labaatanaad, ugaarsadaha gumaystaha ayaa xusay inay jiraan jeeriyo iyo yaxaasyo ku nool qaybaha qoto dheer ee webiga.<ref name="macqueen">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/inwildestafrica00macqgoog|quote=Webiga Thika.|title=In Wildest Africa: Diiwaanka ugaarsiga iyo sahaminta iyada oo la marayo Uganda, Victoria Nyanza, Gobolka Kilimanjaro iyo Bariga Afrika ee Ingiriiska, oo ay la socoto xisaabinta kor u kaca barafka ee Mount Kibo, ee Bariga Afrika, iyo sharraxaad ku saabsan qabaa'ilka kala duwan ee asaliga ah|pages=[https://archive.org/details/inwildestafrica00macqgoog/page/n387 273]–274|author=[[Peter MacQueen]]|publisher= George Ball and Sons|year=1909|accessdate=2009-02-20}}</ref> Daayeerrada iyo shabeellada ayaa ku noolaa kaynta u dhow Thika Falls.<ref name="macqueen" /> Antiloobyada iyo dameer-faraskii (zebras) ayaa ku noolaa dhul furan oo webiga ka sarreeya.<ref name="macqueen" /> Wiyisha, libaaxyada, iyo waraabaha ayaa sidoo kale ku noolaa aagga.<ref name="macqueen" /> Inta badan xayawaanka maanta waxay u guureen ama dhanka kore ee kaynta Aberdares ama dhanka hoose sababo la xiriira cadaadis ka yimid dadka oo ku kordhay webiga agtiisa. ==Ilaha Biyaha== Boqolkiiba siddeetan biyaha la siiyo Nairobi, caasimadda Kenya, ayaa ka yimaada Webiga Thika.<ref name="usda">{{cite book|url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm|title=Saamaynta Haydhoolojiga iyo Deegaanka ee Dhaqamada Ilaalinta ee Oklahoma Agricultural Watersheds (kooban)|pages=1|author=Moriasi, Daniel|publisher=Wasaaradda Beeraha ee Mareykanka, Adeegga Cilmi-baarista Beeraha|year=2007|accessdate=2009-02-20|display-authors=etal|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216082029/http://ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm|archivedate=2009-02-16}}</ref> Jaraynta kaymaha iyo [[daaqsin xad-dhaaf ah]] oo ku teedsan koorsada webiga ee dadku ku badan yihiin ayaa sababay dhibaatooyinka nabaad-guurka ciidda.<ref name="usda" /> Sediments-ku waxay yareeyeen socodka webiga, cabbirka biyo-xireenka, iyo tayada biyaha. Tayada biyuhu waxay sidoo kale ka sii dartay sababo la xiriira qulqulka sunta cayayaanka.<ref name="usda" /> ==Korontada Biyaha== Webiga Thika waa qayb ka mid ah harada Tana, oo ah tan ugu ballaaran ee laga dhisay gobollada abaaraha ee Kenya.<ref name="hydrology">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmdYFTlcSgEC&dq=Thika+river&pg=PA421|title=Haydhoolojiga iyo Khayraadka Biyaha ee Afrika |pages=421–422|author=Mamdouh Shahin|publisher= Springer |year=2002|accessdate=2009-02-20 | isbn=978-1-4020-0866-5}}</ref> [[Korontada biyaha]] ee Webiga Thika waxay siisaa qayb muhiim ah korontada Kenya. Soo jeedintii ugu horreysay ee lagu faa'iidaysanayo tamarta biyaha ee Webiga Thika waxaa la soo bandhigay isla markiiba ka dib Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka waxaana soo jeediyay [[Guglielmo Marconi]] si ay u noqoto hab koronto loogu helo saldhig isgaarsiineed oo raadiyo ah oo laga qorsheeyay Nairobi.<ref name="Hugill">{{cite book|url=https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=215780|title=Isgaarsiinta Caalamiga ah tan iyo 1844|pages=118–119|author=Peter J. Hugill|publisher= JHU Press|year=1999|access-date=2009-02-20}}</ref> Qorshaha Marconi lama hirgelin, laakiin 1994-kii [[Biyo-xireenka Thika]] ayaa la dhisay iyadoo ay ka dhalatay [[biyo-kayd]] dhan {{convert|70|e6m3|e9impgal e9usgal|abbr=off}}.<ref name="usda" /><ref name="Hugill" /> Webiga Thika wuxuu sidoo kale gacan ka geystaa [[Biyo-kaydka Masinga]], oo u adeega [[Seven Forks Dams]].<ref name="usda" /> Marka la isku daro, saddex-meelood meel ka mid ah korontada Kenya ayaa ka yimaada biyo-xireennadan.<ref name="usda" /> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[https://www.panoramio.com/photo/12328241 Sawirrada panoramic ee Thika Falls] {{Authority control}} qlmntcobk7jhmmixt6b9dmremwmi3c4