Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.9 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2247 300963 295338 2026-07-07T05:38:54Z Maydkinool45 33894 300963 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Puntland''' , si rasmi ah maamul -'''goboleedka Soomaaliyeed ee Puntland''' , waa maamul - goboleedka isku haysta in uu ka tirsan yahay [[Soomaaliya]] , inkastoo aysan aqbalin sharcinimada maamulka hadda jira ee Soomaaliya . Waxaa la aasaasay 1998, waana dawlad xubin ka ah [[Dawladda federaalka Soomaaliya|federaalka Soomaaliya.]] Puntland waxay ku taal waqooyi bari Soomaaliya. Caasimadeeda waa magaalada [[Garoowe]] ee gobolka [[Nugaal]] . Gobolku wuxuu lahaa dad dhan 4,334,633 sanadka 2016.{{Infobox settlement | official_name = Puntland State of Somalia<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Puntland-const2010.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=30 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610044838/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Puntland-const2010.pdf |archive-date=10 June 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> | name = Puntland | native_name = {{unbulleted list|{{native name|so|Buntilaan}} |{{native name|ar|أرض البنط|italics=off}}}} |settlement_type = | image_flag = Flag of Puntland.svg | flag_size = 120px | image_shield = Coat of Arms of Puntland.svg | image_map = |image2 = | mapsize = 250px |pushpin_map =Somalia | map_caption = | coordinates = {{Coord|8|24|N|48|29|E|type:city}} | seat = [[Garowe]] | governing_body = [[Dowladda Puntland]] | leader_title1 = [[Siciid Cabdulaahi Deni|Madaxwaynaha]] | leader_name1 = [[Siciid Deni]] | area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.populationdata.net/rankings/population/|title=Rankings – Countries and Territories of the World • PopulationData.net|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629181040/https://en.populationdata.net/rankings/population/|url-status=live}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 212510 | area_water_km2 = 21,711 | leader_title2 = Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka | leader_name2 = [[Ilyaas Cismaan Lugator]] | leader_title3 = Afhayeenka Aqalka | leader_name3 = [[Cabdirisaaq Axmed Siciid]] | area_rank = | established_title = La asaasay | established_date = 1 Ogosto 1998 | seat_type = Caasimada | population_est = 4334633 | pop_est_as_of = 2016 | pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="PLFactsandFigures2012-2017">{{cite web |title=Puntland Facts and Figures 2012–2017 |url=https://bareedo.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Puntland-Facts-and-Figures-2017-Year-book-2018-1.pdf |access-date=31 July 2023 |archive-date=31 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731042558/https://bareedo.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Puntland-Facts-and-Figures-2017-Year-book-2018-1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | timezone1 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | utc_offset_DST = +3 | motto = | area_code = [[+252]]90 (Soomaaliya) | iso_code = SO }} Puntland waxa ay xad la wadaagtaa Somaliland dhanka galbeed, Gacanka Cadmeed ee waqooyi, kanaalka Guardafui ee waqooyi-bari, badweynta Hindiya , Koonfur-galbeed ee maamulka Galmudug , iyo Itoobiya oo koonfur-galbeed ah. Puntland waxaa ku yaal dhowr daraf oo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin Cape Guardafui , oo ah cidhifka Geeska Afrika, Raas Xaafuun oo ah meesha ugu bari ee qaaradda Afrika oo dhan, iyo bilawga buuraleyda Karkaar . Magaca "Puntland" waxa uu ka yimid dhulkii Puntland ee lagu sheegay ilo-wareedyadii hore ee Masaarida , in kasta oo meesha saxda ah ee dhulka laga sameeyay ay tahay qarsoodi. Daraasado badan ayaa soo jeedinaya in dhulka Puntland uu ku yaalay Soomaaliya maanta, halka qaar kalena ay soo jeedinayaan in uu ku yaal meel kale. 31-March-2024-ka kadib is bedelo ka dhashay qalalaasaha dastuuriga ah ee Soomaaliya ayaa dowladda Puntland waxa ay sheegtay in aysan aqoonsanayn awoodda dowladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya , isla markaana aysan ka qeyb geli doonin hay’adaha federaalka Soomaaliya . Waxay ku dhawaaqday inay si madax-banaan u shaqayn doonto, ama “ay fulin doonto awoodaha dawlad madax bannaan”, inta laga helayo dawlad federaal ah oo leh dastuur lagu heshiiyey afti dadweyne oo ay Puntland ka qayb galayso. ==Taariikhda== ===Saldanada Majeerteen iyo Hobyo=== Majeerteen Sultanate (Migiurtinia) waxaa la aas aasay bartamihii qarnigii 18-aad. Waxay soo shaacbaxday qarnigii xigay, oo uu xukumayey Boqorka kheyraadka badan (Boqor) Cismaan Maxamuud . Xarunteedu waxay ahayd Caluula , waxay gacanta ku haysay inta badan waqooyiga iyo badhtamaha Soomaaliya qarniyadii 19-aad iyo horraantii 20-aad. Boqor Cismaan waxa uu ka mid ahaa ugaasyadii caanka ahaa ee beelaha Daarood oo soo maamuli jiray magaalooyinka qadiimiga ah ee Caluula, Baargaal , Boosaaso iyo Xaafuun ka dibna waxa uu u soo baxay oday dhaqameed awood leh oo si buuxda u maamula deegaamada uu ka taliyo. Siyaasaddu waxa ay ilaalisay shabakad ganacsi oo adag, waxa ay heshiisyo la gashay quwado shisheeye, waxana ay awood dhexe oo xoog leh ka fulisay gudaha gudaha. [[File:Garesadihafun.jpg|thumb|Mid ka mid ah qalcadaha Suldaanka Majeerteen (Migiurtinia) ee Xaafuun]] Suldaanka Majeerteen waxa uu ku sigtay in la burburiyo bartamihii 1800-aadkii dagaal awoodeed oo dhex maray Boqor Cismaan iyo Yuusuf Cali Keenadiid oo uu adeer u ahaa . Ka dib ku dhawaad ​​shan sano oo dagaal ah, dhallinyaradii bilawday ayaa ugu dambayntii lagu qasbay in loo masaafuriyo Yemen . Toban sano ka dib, sannadihii 1870-aadkii, Kenadiid wuxuu ka soo noqday Jasiiradda Carabta isagoo wata koox ka mid ah Musketeers Hadhrami iyo koox dab-damiyayaal ah. Iyagoo gacan ka helaya, wuxuu ku guulaystey inuu ka awood roonaado beelihii deegaanka oo uu dhidibada u taagay Saldanada Hobyo 1878. Dabayaaqadii 1889kii Boqor Cismaan wuxuu heshiis la galay Talyaaniga , isaga oo boqortooyadiisa ka dhigay maxmiyad Talyaani ah . Suldaan Keenadiid oo la tartamayey ayaa sanad ka hor saxiixay heshiis kaas la mid ah oo ku wajahan suldaannimadiisa. Labada masuulba waxay saxeexeen heshiisyada maxmiyadda si ay u horumariyaan ujeeddooyinkooda isballaarinta, iyadoo Boqor Cismaan uu eegayay inuu taageero Talyaanigu u adeegsado halganka awoodeed ee uu kula jiro Kenadiid ee Saldanada Majeerteen. Boqor Cismaan iyo Suldaan Keenadiid waxa ay sidoo kale rajaynayeen in ay ka faa’idaystaan ​​danaha iska soo horjeeda ee ka dhexeeya quwadaha reer Yurub ee markaasi doonayey in ay ka taliyaan gacanka Soomaalida, si ay uga fogaadaan in si toos ah xoog loogu qabsado dhulkooda. Markii si tartiib tartiib ah loo ballaariyay waqooyiga Soomaaliya ee gumeystihii reer Yurub, dhammaan seddexdii suldaan waxaa lagu daray Soomaalilaan Talyaani horaantii qarnigii 20aad. ===Dhismihii Puntland=== Ka dib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya 1991-kii, shirweyne dastuuri ah oo ka soo baxay gudaha Garoowe ayaa lagu qabtay Garoowe 1998-kii oo socday muddo saddex bilood ah. Shirkan oo ay ka soo qeyb galeen qeybaha kala duwan ee bulshada, Isimada , ganacsatada, waxgaradka iyo qeybaha kala duwan ee bulshada rayidka ah ayaa waxaa ka soo qeyb galay masuuliyiin ka tirsan maamulka Puntland, waxaana shirkan ka soo qeyb galay xubno ka socday beesha caalamka iyo qeybaha kala duwan ee bulshada. Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed waxa uu noqday madaxweynihii dhidibada u taagay dawladdii curdinka ahayd. Sida ku cad qodobka 1-aad ee Axdiga ku meel gaarka ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya , Puntland waa qayb ka mid ah dawladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya. Sidaas darteed, gobolku wuxuu raadinayaa midnimada Soomaalida , wuxuuna u hoggaansamaa nidaamka federaalka. Si ka duwan jamhuuriyadda Somaliland ee galbeedkeeda, Puntland iskuma daydo inay hesho aqoonsi caalami ah oo ah qaran gaar ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, labada gobolba hal shay ayaa ka dhexeeya oo ah inay taageeradooda ku saleeyaan oday-dhaqameedyada iyo qaab-dhismeedkooda urureed iyadoo lagu saleynayo xidhiidhka qabiilka iyo xigaalka . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, farqiga ugu muhiimsani wuxuu ahaa in Puntland loo sameeyay sidii isir ku salaysan oo ka duwan Somaliland. Dawladdu waxay u dhisnayd "dhulkii hooyo" ee beesha Harti ee Waqooyiga Soomaaliya, taas oo Majeerten loo arkayay "madax-qaab-yaqaannada" ee deegaanka. Tan iyo markii la aasaasay 1998, Puntland waxa ay sidoo kale Somaliland kula jirtay muran dhuleed oo ku saabsan gobollada Sool , Sanaag iyo Cayn. Qaab-dhismeedka sharci ee Puntland wuxuu ka kooban yahay Garsoorka, Xeer-dejinta ( Golaha Wakiilada ) iyo fulinta (Madaxwaynaha iyo Golihiisa Wasaaradaha uu magacaabay) waaxaha dawladda. Inkasta oo ay nabad ahayd, haddana gobolku waxa uu muddo kooban ka dhacay qalalaase siyaasadeed sannadkii 2001 markaas oo madaxweynihii Puntland ee xilligaas, Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed, oo ka mid ahaa aabayaashii dhidibbada u taagay Puntland iyo madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay uu doonayay in muddada loo kordhiyo. Axmed iyo Jaamac Cali Jaamac waxay ku dagaalameen gacan ku haynta gobolka, iyadoo Axmed uu ku guuleystay sannadkii xigay. Axmed ayaa markii labaad xilka madaxweynenimo hayay ilaa Oktoobar 2004, markaasoo loo doortay madaxweynaha Soomaaliya . Waxa xilka ku kala wareegay Maxamed Xaashi oo xilka hayay ilaa January 2005 markaas oo uu ku guul-darraystay tartankii dib-u-doorashada ee golaha wakiillada General Maxamuud Muuse Xirsi “Cadde”. ==Siyaasada== Puntland ayaa adeegsata hab baarlamaan oo ah in madaxweynaha iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka ay soo doortaan golaha baarlamaanka ee Puntland ===Maamulka General Cadde Muuse=== [[File:Cadde1.jpg|thumb|Mohamud Muse Hersi]] Bishii March 2005, Madaxweyne Muuse waxa uu bilaabay qorshe hammi ah oo lagu dhisayo garoonka diyaaradaha ee magaalada Boosaaso ee xarunta ganacsiga Puntland, mashruucaas oo hadda la dhamaystiray laguna magacaabo Bender Qassim International Airport . Bishii Abriil 2007, Muuse wuxuu kulamo la qaatay Sheikh Saud bin Saqr Al Qaasimi , oo ah dhaxal-sugaha iyo ku-xigeenka Amiirka Ras al-Khaimah ee Isutagga Imaaraadka Carabta (UAE), halkaas oo ay labada hoggaamiye ku kala saxiixdeen heshiis ku saabsan samaynta goob karantiil oo xoolaha ah si loo fududeeyo dhoofinta xoolaha Soomaaliya ee Imaaraadka. Bishii Oktoobar 2008, Muuse waxa kale oo uu heshiis 170 milyan Dirham ah la saxeexday Kooxda Lootah ee Dubai si ay uga taageerto dhismaha garoonka diyaaradaha, dekedda iyo aagga xorta ah ee magaalo-xeebeedda Boosaaso. Muuse waxa uu tilmaamay “Waxaan aaminsanahay in marka aan dhammayno mashaariicdan oo dhan ay dadkeenu ka faa’iidaysan doonaan inay helaan adeeg caafimaad oo wanaagsan, waxbarasho iyo barwaaqo guud. ===Maamulka Faroole=== [[File:Abdirahman Farole.jpg|thumb|Cabdiraxmaan Faroole]] Bishii Janaayo 2009, Cabdiraxmaan Faroole ayaa loo doortay madaxweynaha cusub ee Puntland . Maamulka Faroole ayaa markii uu xilka la wareegay wuxuu sameeyay isbedello badan, gaar ahaan laamaha ammaanka iyo garsoorka. Si loo xoojiyo nidaamka cadaaladda ee gobolka, xeer-ilaaliyeyaal badan, garsoorayaal iyo shaqaale kale oo maxkamadeed iyo sidoo kale ilaalada xabsiga oo dheeraad ah ayaa la shaqaaleysiiyay lana tababaray. Bishii Luulyo 2010, Golaha Wasiirada Puntland waxay cod aqlabiyad ah ku ansixiyeen sharciga cusub ee la dagaalanka argigixisada si si hufan loogu maareeyo tuhmanayaasha argagixisanimada iyo kuwa gacan saar la leh; Maxkamad gaar ah ayaa sidoo kale la filayaa in laga dhiso nidaamka maxkamadaha dembiyada ee gobolka si loo fududeeyo hawsha. Dhanka maaliyadda, waxaa la sameeyay hannaan maaliyadeed oo daah-furan oo ku saleysan miisaaniyad , kaasoo sida la sheegay gacan ka geystay kordhinta kalsoonida shacabka ee dowladda. Sidoo kale, waxaa la sameeyay dastuur cusub oo heer gobol ah, kaddibna la ansixiyay 15-kii Juun 2009, kaasoo la rumeysan yahay inuu ka dhigan yahay tallaabo muhiim ah oo loo qaaday aakhirkii in nidaamka siyaasadeed ee xisbiyada badan laga hirgeliyo deegaanka markii ugu horreysay; Nidaamkan oo kale ayaa hore uga jiray gobolka Somaliland ee ku xiga. Dib-u-habayn aad u yar ayaa sidoo kale lagu sameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqyada qaybta bulshada, gaar ahaan dhinacyada waxbarashada iyo daryeelka caafimaadka. Maamulka gobolka ayaa shaqaaleysiiyay shaqaale iyo macalimiin badan oo ka shaqeeya daryeelka caafimaadka, iyadoo qorshuhu yahay in dib u habeyn lagu sameeyo iskuullada iyo isbitaallada. Mid ka mid ah dib-u-habaynta cusub ee ugu muhiimsan ee uu sameeyay maamulka Puntland ee hadda xilka haya ayaa ah daah-furkii bishii May 2009 ee Hay’adda daryeelka bulshada Puntland (PASWE), oo ah hay’addii ugu horreysay ee nooceeda ah taariikhda Soomaaliya. Hay’addu waxa ay taageero caafimaad, waxbarasho iyo la-talinba siisaa dadka nugul iyo shakhsiyaadka sida agoonta, naafada iyo indhoolayaasha. PASWE waxaa korjoogta ka ah Gole Sare oo ka kooban Culimaa’udiin , Ganacsato, Waxgarad iyo Odayaal dhaqameed. ===Habka dimuqraadiyaynta=== 15kii Juun 2009, dawladda Puntland waxay ansixisay qabyo-qoraalka dastuurka cusub ee gobollada, taas oo ka dhigan tallaabo muhiim ah oo loo qaaday in ugu dambayntii lagu soo dabbaalo nidaamka siyaasadda xisbiyada badan ee gobolka markii ugu horreysay [[File:Somdbihd6.png|thumb|Haweenka oo ku jira hawl siyaasadeed inta lagu guda jiro geeddi-socodka dimuqraadiyaynta Puntland]] 15 April 2012, dawladda Puntland ayaa furay shirweyne dastuuri ah oo socon doona muddo afar maalmood ah, kaas oo si rasmi ah loogu daah-furay dastuurka cusub ee Puntland . Dastuurka oo ay kormeereen guddiga doorashada Puntland ayaa u taagan tilaabadii ugu dambeysay ee geedi socodka dimuqraadiyeynta gobolada, waxaana qorshuhu ahaa in la dhiso xisbiyo siyaasadeed. 12-kii September 2012, guddiga doorashada Puntland ayaa ku dhawaaqay in diiwaan gelinta xisbiyada siyaasadda Puntland ay hadda furan tahay. Arrintan ayaa timid kadib markii la meel mariyay sharciga ururada siyaasadda, xeerka aftida, xeerka doorashooyinka degmooyinka iyo daah-furka dastuurka dowlad goboleedyada. Waxay sidoo kale noqon doonaan kuwa loolan adag doorashada soo socota, ee loo qorsheeyay Janaayo 2014. 14 November 2012, Madaxweyne Faroole ayaa ku dhawaaqay daah-furka xisbigiisa cusub ee Horseed . Ururku waxa uu tiriyaa in ka badan 200 oo xubnood, waxana ay matalaan xukuumadda Puntland ee hadda xilka haysa, sida Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Cabdisamad Cali Shire iyo wasiiru dowlayaasha. Waa xisbigii ugu horreeyay ee la filayo in uu codsi ka diiwaan galiyo Guddiga Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Doorashooyinka Puntland (TPEC). Sidoo kale Faroole ayaa sheegay in guud ahaan shacabka ay xaq u yeelan doonaan ka mid noqoshada ururkaasi marka loo doorto xisbi siyaasadeed oo rasmi ah. Waxa la asaasay shan urur siyaasadeed oo kale bishii xigtay, oo ay ku jiraan Xisbiga Horumarka iyo Cadaaladda ee Horcad oo uu furay ganacsade iyo ganacsade Cumar Ismaaciil Waaberi oo ay weheliyaan siyaasiyiin kale, Midowga Shacabka Gobollada ama UPR (Ururka Gobollada Umadaha Bahoobey ama UGUB), Midnimo, Talowadaag (Consensus-Consensus-Building) ee Asaaska G. Waxbarashada iyo Horumarinta ee ku wajahan Aasaaska Hadafka Dhabta ah). ===Maamulka Dr. Cabdiweli Maxamed Cali Gaas=== [[File:Presidentialres.jpg|thumb|Madaxtooyada [[Boosaaso]]]] 8-dii Janaayo 2014, Ra’iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya C/weli Maxamed Cali ayaa loo doortay Madaxweynihii 5-aad ee Puntland isagoo kaga guuleystay Dr. Faroole hal cod. Cabdixakiim Cabdullaahi Xaaji Cumar ayaa isku mar loo doortay madaxweyne ku xigeenka Puntland. ===Maamulka Deni=== 8-dii Janaayo 2019 Wasiirkii hore ee Qorsheynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ee Dowladda Federaalka, Saciid Cabdullaahi Deni, ayaa lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay Madaxweynaha cusub. Doorashada ayaa ahayd mid si weyn loogu tartamay, waxaana loo gudbay wareeggii saddexaad ee codbixinta. Deni ayaa ka adkaaday Asad Cismaan Cabdullaahi oo horay uga tirsanaan jiray Nabadsugidda . Deni ayaa helay 35 cod, halka Diayno uu helay 31 cod. [[File:Said Abdullahi Deni (22-05-2021) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Madaxweynaha Puntland [[Siciid Cabdulaahi Deni|Siciid Cabdullaahi Deni]]]] Deni ayaa la hadlay xildhibaanada kadib markii lagu dhawaaqay in uu guuleystay. Waxa uu sheegay in uu sii wadi doono siyaasadii Madaxweynihii isaga ka horeeyay ee C/weli Gaas. Bishii Abriil 2024, Puntland waxay ku dhawaaqday inay u shaqeyn doonto sidii dowlad madax-bannaan iyada oo uu jiro khilaaf ka dhashay isbeddelka dastuurka Soomaaliya. ==Qaybaha maamulka== ===Gobollada=== Sida ku cad qodobka 3aad ee dastuurka ku meel gaarka ah ee dawlad goboleedka Puntland 2001, Puntland waxay ka kooban tahay gobolada la sheeganayo: Cayn Buuhoodle3 Bari Boosaas 5 Karkaar Qardho 5 Ra'as Caseyr Aluula 5 Haylaan Dhahar 3 Mudug Gaalkacyo2,5 Nugaal Garoowe 5 Sanaag Badhan 4 Sool Laascaanood7 ===Dib u kala qaybinta iyo khilaafaadka xuduudaha=== Bishii Jannaayo 2009, maamul-goboleedka Maakhir ee wakhtiga gaaban ayaa si rasmi ah loogu daray Puntland. Gacan ku heynta galbeedka gobolada Sool , Sanaag iyo Cayn (SSC) ayaa lagu muransan yahay Somaliland. 17-kii July 2025, dowladda Puntland waxay xaqiijisay in gobolladaas ay ku sii jiraan maamulkooda, iyadoo diiday inay aqoonsato maamulka Khaatumo ilaa laga gaarayo heshiis wada-tashi ah. 8-dii April 2013, dowladda Puntland ayaa ku dhawaaqday in la sameeyay gobol cusub oo loogu magac daray Gardafuul . Waxaa laga soo saaray gobolka Bari, wuxuuna ka kooban yahay saddex degmo, wuxuuna xarun u yahay Caluula . Ka hor inta aan la magacaabin gobolkan cusub, dawladdii hore ee Puntland waxay samaysay saddex gobol oo dhammaantood laga soo xardhay gobolladii jiray: Karkaar waxaa laga soo xardhay Bari ,Haylaan oo Sanaag laga soo saaray , Cayn oo laga sameeyay gobolka Togdheer . Koonfurta sida ay sheegeen dowladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya iyo CIA-da , koonfurta Mudug waxay ka tirsan tahay Galmudug . Magaalooyinka ama magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn Puntland Darajo Magaca Gobolka Boob 1 Boosaaso Bari, Soomaaliya 164,906 2 Gaalkacyo Mudug 137,667 3 Garoowe Nugaal 70,991 4 Qardho Bari, Soomaaliya 56,825 5 Badhan, Sanaag Puntland iyo Somaliland oo ku muransan 55,300 6 Galdogob Nugaal 40,433 7 Waaciye Bari 44,109 8 n/a n/a n/a 9 n/a n/a n/a 10 n/a n/a ==Juqraafiga== [[File:Sambalaxx.jpg|thumb|Geel oo eegaya qaybaha caleenta ah ee buurta Cal Madow ee Puntland]] Puntland waxay ku taal juqraafi ahaan qaybta waqooyi bari ee Soomaaliya . Waxa xad la leh Somaliland oo galbeed ka xigta, woqooyiga Gacanka Cadmeed , Badweynta Hindiya koonfur-bari, iyo Itoobiya oo koonfur-galbeed ka xigta. Puntland waxay ku fadhidaa dhul baaxadiisu dhan tahay 212,510 km2 ( 82,050 sq mi) ama qiyaastii saddex meelood meel meel dhulka juqraafiyeed ee Soomaaliya. Buuraha waxaa ka mid ah Buuraha Golis , Galgala iyo Cal Madow ===Cimilada=== Gobolku waa badh-emane , leh cimilo diiran iyo celcelis ahaan heerkul maalinle ah oo u dhexeeya 27 °C (80.6 °F) ilaa 37 °C (98.6 °F). Xaaladahan cimiladu waxay u roon yihiin xoolo-dhaqatada oo ah isticmaalka ugu waxtarka badan ee dhulka inta badan qaybaha gobolka. Dhul-daaqsimeedka waxaa ka mid ah gobolka Hawd oo ku yaal dhulka sare ee galbeedka gobollada Mudug iyo Sool , dhulka cagaarka ah ee Sanaag iyo dhinaca Itoobiya iyo dooxada hoose ee Nugaaleed . Heerkulka khafiifka ah, marka la barbardhigo, waxaa la soo maray oo keliya hareeraha buuraha dhaadheer ee Bari . Roobabku waa yar yihiin waana kala duwan yihiin, iyada oo aanay jirin meel keliya oo hesha in ka badan 400 mm (15.7 in) oo roob ah sannadkii. Reer guuraagu waxay inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin ceelasha sidii isha biyaha halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen biyaha dusha sare leh . Waxa jira afar xilli oo nolosha xoolo-dhaqatada iyo beeralayda ah ku wareegsan yihiin, kuwaasna waxa lagu maamulaa isbeddellada dabaysha. Xilliyada Puntland waa: Jilaal - laga bilaabo Janaayo ilaa Maarso; xilliga qalalan ee ugu daran sanadka Gu - laga bilaabo Abriil ilaa Juun; xilli roobaadka ugu weyn Xagaa - laga bilaabo Luulyo ilaa Sebtembar; xilliga qalalan ee labaad Deyr - laga bilaabo Oktoobar ilaa Disembar; xilli roobaadka oo gaaban oo aan la isku hallayn karin ==Waxbarashada== [[File:Punstacomlab2.jpg|thumb|Fasalka kombiyuutarka ee Jaamacadda Dawladda Puntland ee xarunta [[Garoowe]]]] Ka dib markii ay Soomaaliya ka dillaaceen dagaalladii sokeeye, waxaa soo baxay dhibaatooyin badan oo la xiriira helitaanka waxbarasho ee miyiga iyo jinsiga, tayada bixinta waxbarashada, ka jawaabista manhajka dugsiyada, heerarka waxbarashada iyo kontaroolada, maareynta iyo qorsheynta awoodda iyo maalgelinta. Si wax looga qabto tabashooyinkaas, dawladda Puntland waxay waddaa qorshe ay ku dejinayso siyaasad waxbarasho oo lagu hagi karo geeddi-socodka aqooneed ee gobolka oo cagta saaraya waddada dib-u-dhiska iyo horumarinta dhaqaalaha. Midda dambe waxaa ku jira siyaasadda waxbarashada qaranka xasaasiga ah ee jinsiga oo u hoggaansan heerarka caalamiga ah, sida kuwa lagu qeexay Heshiiska Xuquuqda Carruurta (CRC) iyo Axdiga Ciribtirka Dhammaan Noocyada Takoorka ee Haweenka (CEDAW). Tusaalooyinka tallaabooyinkan iyo tallaabooyinka kale ee waxbarasho ee shaqada ayaa ah dejinta dawladda ee sharciga loogu talagalay in lagu sugo danaha waxbarasho ee gabdhaha, kor u qaadida kobaca barnaamijka Horumarinta Carruurnimada Hore (ECD) ee loogu talagalay in lagu gaaro waalidiinta iyo bixiyeyaasha daryeelka ee guryahooda iyo sidoo kale xarumaha ECD ee 0-ilaa 5-sano-jirrada 61-aad ee loogu talagalay in lagu dhiirigeliyo xirmooyinka carruurta ee 0- ilaa 5 - sano jir ah miyiga fogfog. Nidaamka waxbarashada Puntland waxaa loo arkaa inuu yahay midka ugu horumarsan, wuxuuna isku dayayaa inuu xiro farqiga u dhexeeya jinsiga si haween badan ay u awoodaan inay iskuulada tagaan. Gobolo kale ayaa ku raacaya in Puntland ay ka dhabeyso arrintaas. Dawladda Puntland dhexdeeda, wasaaradda waxbarashada ayaa u xilsaaran horumarinta iyo maaraynta baahiyaha waxbarasho ee gobolka. Waxa madax ka ah Wasiirka Maxamuud Bile Dubbe, oo ay hoos yimaadaan Wasiir-ku-xigeen iyo Agaasime Guud oo gacan ka geysta kormeerka Qaybta Waxbarashada Dugsiga Hoose (PPED) iyo Agaasinka Waxbarashada Aasaasiga ah (BED), iyo guddiyo kale. [[File:Eaubosaso2.jpg|thumb|Gelitaanka Jaamacadda Bariga Afrika faraceeda [[Boosaaso]]]] Nidaamka waxbarasho ee Puntland wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba sano oo korriin carruurnimo hore ah (ECD), siddeed sano oo waxbarasho hoose ah (afar sano oo dugsi hoose ah iyo afar sano oo dugsi hoose ah) iyo afar sano oo dugsi sare ah . Waxbarashada sare waxay ka kooban tahay celcelis ahaan afar sano, iyada oo gobolku hadda lagu tiriyo todobo jaamacadood oo waaweyn oo kala ah: Puntland State University Garowe , Puntland State University Gaalkacyo , Boosaaso College in Bosaaso , East Somalia University in Qardho , Muqdisho University ( Puntland branch ) in Bosaaso, Maakhir University in Badhan , Sanaag , iyo Nugaal University in Laascaanood . Jaamacadda Bariga Afrika waxay kaloo ku leedahay Puntland lix laamood, waxayna xarumo ku leedahay Boosaaso, Ceerigaabo , Galdogob , Gaalkacyo, Garoowe iyo Qardho. Sidaa darteed, waa nidaamka 2-4-4-4. Wasaaradda waxbarashada Puntland waxay sidoo kale u aqoonsan tahay waxbarashada dadban iyo farsamada gacanta iyo tababarka (TVET) inay yihiin qaybo ka mid ah nidaamka waxbarasho ee gobolka. Laga soo bilaabo 2005/2006 ilaa 2006/2007, waxaa aad kor ugu kacay tirada dugsiyada Puntland, taasoo ka badan 137 machad oo sanad ka hor ahaa. Isla muddadaas, tirada fasallada gobolka ayaa kordhay 504, iyada oo 762 macalimiin ah ay sidoo kale bixiyeen adeegyadooda. Wadarta is-diiwaangelinta ardayda ayaa kordhay 27% sannadkii hore, iyada oo habluhu wax yar ka dambeeyaan wiilasha xaadirka ah inta badan gobollada. Diwaan galinta ugu saraysa ayaa lagu arkay waqooyiga gobolka Bari , halka tiradii ugu hoosaysayna laga arkay gobolka Cayn oo dadkeedu yar yahay. Qaybinta fasallada ayaa ku dhawaad ​​si siman loo kala qaybiyey magaalooyinka iyo miyiga, iyada oo inta yar ee arday badani ka qayb galayaan iyo macallimiin ay casharro ku dhigaan magaalooyinka. Ka dib dhibaatadii COVID-19, Dawladda Puntland waxay daah-furtay Baasaboorka Waxbarashada, oo ah goob wax lagu barto dijitaalka ah oo ay carruurtu ka heli karaan waxyaabaha waxbarashada online iyo offline labadaba guryahooda. Baasaboorka Waxbarashadu waa iskaashi gogol-xaadh u dhexeeya UNICEF, Microsoft iyo Jaamacadda Cambridge. ==Tirakoobka dadka iyo diinta== [[File:Punmosq.jpg|thumb|Masjid ku yaala Boosaaso]] Ilaa 2016, dadka Puntland waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 4,334,633 qof, 39% waa reer guuraa . Gobolka waxaa dega ugu horrayn dad ka soo jeeda qowmiyadda Soomaalida , gaar ahaan Daarood ayaa si fiican u metelaya. Waxa kale oo jira tiro dadka Mehri deggan. Hadda 31% dadka gobolka ayaa ku nool magaalooyinka sida xawliga ah u koraya ee kala ah Boosaaso , Qardho , Laascaanood , Buuhoodle , Badhan , Galdogob , Garoowe iyo Gaalkacyo . Ku dhawaad ​​70% dadku waxay sidoo kale ka hooseeyaan da'da 30. Tirada dadka ee Puntland waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 20/km 2 (52/sq mi). Si la mid ah Soomaaliya inteeda kale, Islaamku waa diinta ugu weyn ee gobollada Puntland ==Gaadiidka== Gaadiidka basaska dowladda hoose ayaa ka shaqeeya magaalooyinka Boosaaso , Garoowe , Laascaanood , Gaalkacyo iyo Qardho . Adeegyada gaadiidka ee u dhexeeya magaalooyinka waaweyn ee gobolka iyo tuulooyinka ku dhow ayaa sidoo kale lagu heli karaa iyada oo loo marayo noocyada kala duwan ee baabuurta, sida 4 taayirrada iyo baabuurta fudud (LGV). Laga bilaabo May 2015, in ka badan 70,000 oo baabuur ayaa ka diiwaan gashan Wasaaradda Hawlaha iyo Gaadiidka Puntland [[File:Garoweresid6.jpg|thumb|Muuqaalka wadada dhinaceeda ee xaafad ku taal Garoowe]] Puntland waxa mara 750 km (470 mi) wadada wayn ee waqooyi-koonfur. Waxay isku xirtaa magaalooyinka waaweyn ee waqooyiga Soomaaliya, sida Garoowe, Boosaaso iyo Gaalkacyo, iyo magaalooyin ku yaal koonfurta. Sannadkii 2012, Hay'adda Waddooyinka Puntland waxay soo gabagabaysay dayactirka halbowlaha dhexe ee isku xira Garoowe iyo Gaalkacyo. Hay'adda gaadiidku waxay sidoo kale biloowday mashruuc dib-u-habayn iyo dayactir ah bishii Juun 2012 oo ku saabsan laamiga weyn ee isku xira magaalo-madaxda gobolka iyo Boosaaso. Intaa waxaa dheer, dayactirku wuxuu bilaabmay Oktoobar 2012 waddada dheer ee isku xirta Boosaaso iyo Qardho. Waxa kale oo uu socdaa qorshayaal lagu dhisayo waddooyin cusub oo isku xidha magaalooyinka waaweyn ee gobolka iyo jidka weyn. [[File:Bosasairp.jpg|thumb|Garoonka caalamiga ah ee Bender Qaasim ee magaalada Boosaaso 2016, ka hor dayactir]] Boosaaso waxay leedahay deked weyn oo la dhisay bartamihii 1980-meeyadii iyadoo sanad walba xoolaha nool loo daabulo bariga dhexe . Bishii Janaayo 2012, mashruuc dib u habeyn ah ayaa la bilaabay, iyadoo KMC ay qandaraas ku qaadatay hagaajinta dekedda. Wajigii koowaad ee hindisaha ayaa lagu arkay nadiifinta agabka aan loo baahnayn ee ka soo baxay barxadda dekedda, waxaana la dhameeyay bishii gudaheeda. Wejiga labaad waxa uu ku saabsan yahay dib u dhiska dekeddu ku teedsan tahay badda ku dheggan, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in la dejiyo maraakiibta waaweyn. Sannadkii 2012, koox injineero ah ayaa sidoo kale loo qoray maamulka Puntland si ay u qiimeeyaan dayactirka ka socda dekedda Laascaanood . Sida uu sheegay wasiirka dekedaha , Siciid Maxamed Raage , dawladda Puntland waxay ku talo jirtaa inay mashaariic horumarineed oo noocan oo kale ah ka hirgeliso magaalada Laascaanood. Duulimaadyada maxalliga ah waxay bixiyaan duulimaadyo kala duwan oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, sida Jabuuti , Addis Ababa , Dubai iyo Jeddah ; sidoo kale waxay bixiyaan duulimaadyada xajka iyo cumrada . Duulimaadyada ugu caansan Puntland waxaa ka mid ah Jubba Airways , Cosob Air iyo Daallo Airlines , kuwaas oo ka howlgala garoonka diyaaradaha ee Bender Qaasim ee Boosaaso iyo garoonka diyaaradaha Cabdullaahi Yuusuf (Garoonkii hore ee Gaalkacyo) ee Gaalkacyo iyo meelo kale. Dabayaaqadii bishii Sebtembar 2013, waxaa xarunta lagu qabtay munaasabad lagu daah furayay qandaraaska qandaraaska dib u dayactirka garoonka diyaaradaha ee Boosaaso. Dayactirkan ayaa waxaa ka mid ah in la balaadhiyo dhabaha ay diyaaraduhu ku ordaan ee garoonka oo laga dhigay 1,800m ilaa 2,650m. Balaadhka dhabyga diyaaraduhu waxa kale oo laga balaadhin doonaa 30m ilaa 45m, waxaana labada dhinac ka muuqan doona 7.5m garbaha quruuruxda. Sida uu sheegay wasiir ku xigeenka wasaaradda duulista hawada Puntland Cabdiqani Geelle, dowladda Puntland ayaa qorshaynaysa in ay dhismo noocan oo kale ah ku sameyso garoonka diyaaradaha ee Garoowe ee Garoowe, garoonka diyaaradaha Cabdullaahi Yuusuf ee Gaalkacyo iyo kan Qardho ee Qardho. ==Milatari== [[File:Calaamada ciidamada daraawishta2.png|thumb|Astaanta Ciidanka Daraawiishta Puntland]] Ciidanka PSF-ta Puntland waa ciidamada qalabka sida ee maamul goboleedka Puntland. Taliyeyaasha iyo saraakiisha sare ee ciidamada waxaa loo magacaabay guddi tayo leh oo ay ansixiyeen Golaha Wasiirada. Laamaha amniga Puntland waxa kale oo ay leeyihiin maxkamad ciidan oo madax-banaan. PSF waxaa ka mid ah Ciidanka Daraawiishta Puntland (PDF), qaybteeda rasmiga ah ee ciidamada. Waxay ka shaqeysaa ciidankeeda booliiska, oo ay ku jiraan Unug Ilaalinta Gaarka ah. Hay’adda Sirdoonka Puntland (PIA) waa xafiiska sirdoonka ee ciidamada Puntland. Waxaa la aas aasay sanadkii 2001-dii iyadoo la aas aasay ciidanka sirdoonka Puntland xilligii uu talada hayay Madaxweyne Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed , iyadoo gacan ka heleysa dowladda Mareykanka. Ciidanka badda Puntland (PMPF) waa ciidan laga qorey gudaha, xirfadna u leh ilaalinta badda. Ugu horrayn waxaa looga golleeyahay ka hortagga, ogaanshaha iyo ciribtirka burcad-badeednimada , kalluumeysiga sharci-darrada ah , iyo falalka kale ee xaaraanta ah ee ka socda xeebaha Soomaaliya iyo guud ahaan ilaalinta kheyraadka badda ee qaranka. Intaa waxaa dheer, Ciidanku waxay bixiyaan taageero bulsho, oo ay ku jiraan dayactirka ceelasha, dayactirka isbitaallada iyo rugaha caafimaadka, iyo dayactirka waddooyinka, garoomada diyaaradaha iyo kaabayaasha kale. Waxa kale oo ay siisaa barnaamijyo tababar xirfadeed bulshooyinka deegaanka. ==Dhaqaalaha== Puntland waxay leedahay 1,600 km (990 mi) oo xeeb ah, kaas oo ay ku badan yihiin kalluunka iyo kheyraadka kale ee badda . Wax soo saarka dhaqaale ee dheeraadka ah iyo waxqabadyada gobolka waxaa ka mid ah xoolaha nool , faleenka , malmalka , xabkaha carabiga , wax soo saarka iyo beeraha . Wax soo saarka beeraha sida canbaha, muuska, guavas, liin, sonkorta, iyo lawska ayaa lagu beeraa beeraha gobolka. Raashinka iyo badeecadaha laga soo dejiyo Berbera , Somaliland qiimo jaban ayaa lagu iibiyaa marka loo eego kuwa Boosaaso laga soo dejiyo . Sidaa darteed, beddelka xoolaha nool ee ka soo jeeda Puntland waxaa laga dhoofiyaa Berbera . Xarumaha ganacsiga ee Puntland waxay ku kala yaalaan Boosaaso iyo Gaalkacyo . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, magaalooyinka kale sida Qardho iyo Garoowe waxay u dhaqmaan sidii goobaha suuqa ee fasalka labaad. Dakhliga waxaa laga soo saaraa warshadaha soo socda: Xoolaha, Kalluumeysiga, Beeyada, iyo Ganacsiga yaryar. Xoolaha ka soo jeeda Puntland waxaa loo dhoofiyaa Boosaaso. Xarumaha ganacsiga ee muhiimka ah ee Puntland waxay ku kala yaalaan Boosaaso iyo Gaalkacyo . Caanaha aruuriya ( Anooley Af Soomaali ) waxay ku sugan yihiin suuqyada magaalooyinka Qardho , Garoowe iyo Boosaso . Puntland ayaa leh heerka ugu hooseeya ee saboolnimada Soomaaliya , iyadoo 27% ka ah, halka Somaliland ay ka tahay 50% iyo 57% Muqdisho . Khubarada ayaa aaminsan in tani ay sabab u tahay isticmaalka badan iyo ka qaybgalka xoogga shaqada oo sarreeya. Qoysaska ku nool Puntland waxay isticmalaan tiro ka badan qofkiiba shay iyo wax ka badan qoyskiiba. Heerka hoose ee faqriga uma muuqdo mid ay wadaan tirada qoyska, maadaama celceliska Puntland uu yahay 5.2, marka la barbar dhigo 5.7 Somaliland iyo 4.5 ee Muqdisho . Puntland waxa ay si fiican uga socotaa tilmaamo kala duwan oo muhiim ah oo samaha. Tusaale ahaan, heerka wax-akhriska Puntland waa 64% marka la barbar dhigo celceliska qaranka oo ah 55%. Intaa waxaa dheer, qoysaska Puntland waxay sidoo kale ka sarreeyaan celceliska natiijooyinka kale ee waxbarasho sida is-diiwaangelinta iyo kasbashada waxbarashada. 70% qoysaska Puntland ayaa helay ilo biyood oo hagaagsan marka loo eego celceliska qaranka oo ah 58%. Sidaa darteed, waxqabadka sare ee Puntland ee tilmaamayaasha samaha ee aan lacagta ahayn waxay la jaan qaadayaan heerka saboolnimada hoose. Bishii Disembar 2011, suuq ganacsi oo cusub ayaa laga furay xaafadda Dayaxa ee waqooyiga Boosaaso ("Xiddiga"), una dhow dekedda. Qiyaastii nus kiilomitir cabbirkeeda, waxaa loo qorsheeyay si loo hubiyo helitaanka gaadhiga. Suuqan ayaa ka dhashay qorshe taxaddar leh oo u dhexeeya madaxda dawladda Puntland iyo wakiilada bulshada rayidka ah. [[File:Galkamaal.jpg|thumb|Bangiga Amal ee Gaalkacyo , Puntland]] Boosaaso waxa kale oo ay xarun u tahay shirkadda Golis Telecom Soomaaliya oo ah shirkadda ugu weyn ee isgaarsiineed ee waqooyi bari Soomaaliya. Waxaa la asaasay sanadkii 2002 ujeedadeeduna ahayd sidii dalka loo gaadhsiin lahaa adeegyada mobilada ee GSM, khadka tooska ah iyo adeega internet ka , waxa ay leedahay shabakad balaadhan oo ka kooban dhamaan magaalooyinka waaweyn ee qaranka iyo in ka badan 40 degmo oo ka kala tirsan Puntland iyo Somaliland. Intaa waxaa dheer, Netco waxay xarunteedu ku leedahay magaalada. Shirkadaha kale ee isgaarsiinta ee u adeega gobolka waxaa ka mid ah Telcom iyo NationLink . Bishii April 2013, Wasaaradda Kalluumeysiga iyo Kheyraadka Badda Puntland ayaa si rasmi ah u daah furtay suuq cusub oo kalluunka lagu iibinayo oo laga hirgeliyay magaalada Garoowe. Dhismahan oo ay iska kaashadeen madaxda UK iyo UNDP, waa qayb ka mid ah qorshe ballaaran oo lagu horumarinayo gobolka oo lagu arki doono laba suuq oo kale oo la mid ah oo sanadkan gudihiisa laga furay Gaalkacyo iyo Qardho. Bishii Agoosto 2014, iyada oo ay weheliyaan dawladda Jabuuti iyo shirkad dhisme oo caalami ah oo xarunteedu tahay Shiinaha, wasaaradda gaadiidka iyo dekedaha Puntland waxay daah-furtay mashruuc lagu dhisayo dekedo cusub oo maamul goboleedka. Qorshahan ayaa qeyb ka ah olole ballaaran oo maamulka Puntland uu ku doonayo in diiradda lagu saaro sidii looga faa’ideysan lahaa fursadaha ganacsi ee gobolka iyadoo loo marayo mashaariic horumarineed oo kala duwan ===Shidaal baadhista=== [[File:Puntland oil.png|thumb|Shidaalkii Puntland]] Sannadihii 2000-aadkii, dawladda Puntland waxay bilowday wada-xaajood rasmi ah oo ay la yeelanayso shirkado Shisheeye oo Shisheeye ah oo ku saabsan xuquuqda sahaminta dhulka. Maamulka gobolka Oktoobar 2005 ayaa Range Resources siiyay saamiga ugu badan ee labada shati ee sahaminta macdanta iyo kaarboonka biyaha ku salaysan ee baaxadda leh, marka lagu daro xuquuqaha badda. Xeebta Nugaaleed iyo Dooxada Dharoor ee su'aasha la is weydiinayo waxay gaaraysa in ka badan 14,424 iyo 24,908 km2 ( 5,569 iyo 9,617 sq mi), siday u kala horreeyaan. Laba sano ka dib, Range Resources waxay heshay 100% dulsaar labada baloog waxayna isla markaaba 80% ka beeratay saamigaas Canmex Minerals. Bishii Janaayo 2007, maamulka Puntland oo uu markaas hoggaaminayey Madaxweyne Maxamuud Muuse Xirsi ayaa heshiis la saxiixday Puntland Product Sharing Agreement (PSA) oo ay la saxiixdeen Range Resources Limited iyo Canmex Minerals subsidiary Canmex Holdings (Bermuda) II Limited. Ka dib markii uu isbedel ku yimid hoggaanka 2009, dawladda Puntland ee uu hadda hoggaamiyo Madaxweyne Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud Faroole, waxay damacday inay dib ugala xaajoodaan heshiiska faa'iidada qaybsiga ee Range Resources si loo xaqiijiyo shuruudo badan oo ku habboon gobolka. Sannadkii 2012, dawladda Puntland waxay siisay iftiinka cagaaran mashruucii ugu horreeyay ee sahaminta shidaalka ee Puntland iyo guud ahaan Soomaaliya. Sanadkii 2017-kii, wasiiro ka tirsan Puntland ayaa shir ay yeesheen golaha wasiirada waxay ku ansixiyeen heshiis shidaal baaris ah oo ay la gashay shirkadda CCECC ee laga leeyahay dalka Shiinaha , taas bedelkeedana waxaa lagu dhisay waddo isku xirta Eyl iyo Garoowe iyo dayactir iyo dib u habeyn lagu sameeyay garoonka diyaaradaha ee Cabdullaahi Yuusuf ==Warbaahinta== [[File:Satelpunt.jpg|thumb|Qaar ka mid ah adeegyada dayax-gacmeedka ee Puntland]] Puntland waxay leedahay TV iyo istuudiyo u gaar ah. TV-ga iyo Raadiyaha Puntland waa shabakada baahinta guud ee maamul goboleedka Puntland ee Soomaaliya. Xarunteedu waa magaalo madaxda gobolka ee Garoowe . Adeeggu wuxuu kaloo xafiis ku leeyahay London . La aas aasay bishii April 2013, Puntland TV iyo Radio waxay ku hadashaa af-Soomaali gudaha gudaha iyadoo la adeegsanayo adeegga dhulka. Waxa kale oo ay sii daysaa barnaamijyo caalami ah iyada oo loo marayo dayax-gacmeedka . Radio Puntland ayaa si caalami ah u tabiya mowjadaha gaaban, iyadoo la gaarsiinayo ilaa Finland. Barnaamijkeeda caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah wararka guud, diiradda saaraya horumarka gobolka, ciyaaraha iyo madadaalada. Idaacadaha sida gaarka ah loo leeyahay ee East Television Network (ETN TV) iyo Somali Broadcasting Corporation (SBC TV) ayaa laga baahiyey magaalada Boosaaso. Radio Garowe oo la aas aasay 2004tii waa idaacad bulsho oo xarunteedu tahay Garowe. Idaacadda ayaa maalin kasta ka soo baxda Soomaaliya 89.8 FM, [ 112 ] iyadoo ka soo tabisa dhammaan cinwaannadii ugu dambeeyay ee wararka, siyaasadda iyo bulshada Soomaaliyeed. Waxa ay sidoo kale baahisaa barnaamijyo kale oo gaar ah oo ka baxa Garowe Online oo ah mareegta walaalkeed ee internetka. LaasqorayNET waa shabakad kale oo si gaar ah loo leeyahay oo fadhigeedu yahay Badhan , Boosaaso , Dubai iyo London . Mareegta waxaa ku jira maqaallo ku qoran af Soomaali iyo Ingiriis. Intaa waxaa dheer, shabakadu waxay martigelisaa qaar ka mid ah maqalka, inkastoo kan dambe aan si joogto ah loo cusbooneysiin. Radio Gaalkacyo waa idaacada dowladda. Xarunteedu tahay magaalada Gaalkacyo , waxaa hore loo odhan jiray Radio Free Somalia. Horseed Media waxaa la aas aasay sanadkii 2002-dii, waxaana aasaasay koox aqoonyahano ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo ku kala nool dalalka Holland iyo Finland. Idaacadda ayaa ka dhegeysata magaalada Boosaaso, waxaana dhageystayaal gaaraya ilaa 80,000 oo qof, iyadoo dhererkeedu yahay 150 km2 ( 58 sq mi). Waxa kale oo ay ka shaqeysaa shabakad ay ku xisaabtamaan in ka badan 10,000 oo booqasho maalinle ah. Puntland Post oo fadhigeedu yahay magaalada Garoowe ayaa waxaa la aas aasay sanadkii 2001-dii, waxaana aasaasay qurba-joog Soomaaliyeed oo ku dhaqan dalka Denmark. Websaydhkeedu waxa uu maalin walba ku soo bandhigaa warbixino iyo falanqeyn isugu jira warar gudaha iyo dibadda ah oo isugu jira Soomaali iyo Ingiriis, iyadoo xoogga la saarayo arrimaha Puntland. Puntland Star oo la aas aasay 2014-kii, waxa ay idiin soo gudbisaa warar, sheekooyin iyo Documentry ka socda Soomaaliya iyo Caalamka intiisa kale. Ururada kale ee warbaahinta waxaa ka mid ah Raxanreeb Online (RBC Radio). Waxa la bilaabay 2006dii, RBC waxa ay dhagaystayaasha caalamka u soo bandhigtaa wararka Soomaaliga oo ku baxa Soomaali iyo Ingiriisba. Iyada oo ilo toos ah laga helayo Soomaaliya, waxay khusaysaa siyaasadda gudaha iyo bulshada ==Ciyaaraha== ===Kubadda Cagta=== Sannadka 2017, waxaa la aasaasay ururka maamul goboleedka Puntland oo ka kooban sagaal kooxood. == Dawladda Puntland == Dawladda Puntland ee somaliyeed waxaa la asaasay 1998kii, waxaana asaasay isimo ,siyaasiyiin,ganacsato,culimaa,udiin ,haween dadka ugu caansanaa ee isugu yimi shirkii GAROWE kadhacay 1998 waxaa kamid ahaa madaxweynihii hore ee Dawladda DFKMG [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]], Ibrahim Abshir Ibrahim, Beeldaaje Xaaji Cabdullahi, Suldaan Ciise Xasan Cumar, [[Ugaas Yaasiin Ugaas Cabdirixmaan| Ugaas Yaasiin]], Suldaan Saciid Cabdisalaan, Islaan Maxamed iyo Garaad Jaamac ,sababta loo sameeyay maamulkaan wuxuu ahaa si loo badbaadiyo shacabka woqooyiga. Maamulka puntland aad ayuu uuga duwanyahay maamulka kale ee [[SSC-Khatumo]]. Puntland ma raadinooso kala goynta dalka somalia, dadkaan waa dad wadaniyiin ah . shacabka puntland run ahaantii waa dad markasto raadiyo isku keenta shacabka soomaaliyeed. Puntland waxee leedahay maamul xukumo iyo barlamaan u gooni ah iyo wasiiro maamulo shacab woqooyiga. ===Hormuudka=== Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay ee puntland woxoo ahaa Cabdullahi Yuusuf, waxaa ku xigay Maxamed Abdi Xaashi waxaa ku xigay Cade Muuse waxaa ku sii xigay Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud faroole, Hadana waxaa xilka hayya Cabdiwali Maxamed Cali. == caasimada puntland == Garoowe waa caasimadda Dawladda puntland ee somaliyeed, Garoowe ayaa waxay soo martay maraxalado kala gedisan. Haatanna waxay maraysaa heer keedii ugu sarreeyay. Magaalada Ayaa xarun u ah haayado dowliya iyo kuwa aan dowli ahayn,qunsuliyado,ururo maxali ah , kuwa NGO ah,radio stations,TV IWM. Garowe waxaa ku yaal Meelo aad iyo aad u qurxoon suuqaaq iyo bacadlayaal aad iyo aad u camiran Jawiga ayaa had iyo goorba ah mid aan qaboow saa'ida iyo kulayl saa'idana aan lahayn qorraxda ayaa inta badan waxaa ku dahaaran cadar iyo daruuro. ===Qarnigii 21ka=== Ka dib markii wadatashiyo badan ay yeesheen isimada, siyaasiyiinta, aqoonyahanka, ganacsatada, iyo qaybaha kala duwan ee bulshada ku nool goboladan, ayaa waxaa la go'aansaday in magaalada Garoowe lagu qabto shir loo wada dhan yahay kaasoo ujeedadiisu ay ahayd in la dhiso maamul dowlad goboleed. Islamarkaas waxaas ku soo biiray Gobolada Sanaag iyo Sool oo kula bahoobay Maamulaka cusub Goboladii laysku oran jiray Waqooyi Bari. Shirkaas waxaa ka soo baxay bartamihii 1998, Dowlad Goboleedka Puntland, taasoo leh sadexda awoodood oo kala ah, Golaha Wakiilada oo dhan 66 Xilibaan oo lab iyo dhedigba leh, Garsoorka , iyo Golaha Xukuumada oo leh Madaxwayne iyo madaxwayne ku-xigeen. == Dhismihii== ===maamulka=== Sida uu qeexayo Xeerka 1aad,. ee axdiga ku meel-gaarka ah ee lagu dhisay Puntland. ===Hubinta=== '''Hubinta iyo controlka daawada''' Waxaa wasaarada u suurto gashey in la helo labo mashiin oo ah kuwa lagu baarey tayada daawada oo la dhigay Magaalada [[Bosaso]] (Dekada) iyo [[Garowe]]. Waxaa ay wasaaradu magacowday gudi dib u eega nidaamyada ilaalinta kontoroolka daawada. Waxa socda dib u eegista iyo hirgelinta sharciga caafimaadka ,Waxa hirgeshey in la mamnuuco ka ganacsashada daawada qaaxada ee goobaha ganacsiga ah. [[File:R.publication Somali language.jpg|thumb|380px|Daabacadaha [[Af Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]]<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/ Buugag iyo Qormo Dhigashada…]</ref>]] ==Bulshada== ===Hirgalinta=== '''hirgalinta Siyaasadda (ISKA WAX U QABSO)''' Waxa wasaaraddu si fiican ugu wacyi gelisey bulshada reer Puntland ka qeyb qaadashada caafimaadka guud Waxa ay wasaaraddu ka shaqeysay isku xirka Jaaliyada dibada ee reer Puntland si ay gacan fiican uga geystaan caafimaa ===Calanka=== Calanka Puntland midabadeeda waa [[ciraad]], cagaar iyo cadaan. Calanka Puntland waxay uu eegtahay calanka Uzbekistan iyo calanka Lesotho. == Kaabayaasha (infrastructure) == Miisaaniyadaha Degmooyinka. Markii u horaysay Wasaaradda Arrimaha Guduhu waxay ku guuleysatay inay Miisaaniyado u samayso qaar ka mid ah Degmooyinka Puntland walow aan Degmooyinka oo dhan loo samayn hadana waxaa loo sameeyey 9 Degmo o ka tirsan Degmooyinka Miisaaniyadaas oo isu dheeli tiraysa Dakhli & Khara. Waxayna ka kooban tahay Saadaasha/ Odorosida Dakhliga soo gelaya Degmooyinka ee la filayo & Kharashka ku baxaya hawlaha Degmadda taas oo sahashay in D/hoose lagula xisaabtamo Dakhliga soo galay & sida ay u kharash gareeyeen , Miisaaniyadda Degmooyinku waxay ka mid noqonayaan Dakhliga Guud ee Dowladda dhexe (GDP). ===Goobaha=== '''Liiska Degmooyinka loo sameeyey Miisaaniyadaha & Qiyaasta Kharash & Dakhli ee Degmooyinkaas''' # [[Garoowe]] 21,031,284,000 # [[Boosaaso]] 39,878,352,000 # [[Gaalkacayo]] 27,000,000,000 # [[Qardho]] 7,012,671,000 # [[Carmo]] 5,615,040,000 # [[Buurtinle]] 1,224,000,000 # [[Dangorayo]] 3,729,408,000 # [[Xarfo]] 2,400,000,000 # [[Waaciye]] 4,774,584,000 # Ufeyn 5,800,600,000 Degmadda Wadarta Guud ee Miisaaniyadda Sh.so/ ===Caafimaadka Puntland=== Waxaa si joogta u shaqeynaya oo adeegyada caafimaadka joogta bixiyey 86 xarumaha hooyada iyo dhalaan, 8 Isbitaal heer gobol, 9 Isbitaal 7 xarumaha qaaxada, 5 xarumaha barista iyo la talinta cudurka Ej-Ay-Fii Aydhiska, 10 xarun oo caafimaad dhimirka, 6 xarun quudinta nafaqda iyo 212 Baro caafimaad. Xarumahaas caafimaadka waxa ay dhamaantood ku kala yaalan dhamaan degaanada Puntland heer gobol ilaa tuulo. Guud ahaan xaalada caafimaad ee dalka waa mid degan waxaana si dhameystiran loo xakameeyey cuduraddii dilaacey 3 bilood ee la soo dhaafey Dalgaalkii galmudug ka dacay waa la gu laayey puntland markaasna puntland way jabtey. ===Kor u qaadista=== '''Kor u qaadista wadashaqeynta hayadaha''' Waxa la sameeyey nidaam wadashaqeyn hayadaha ka shaqeeya caafimaadka Puntland si wax ku ool u noqdaan mashaaricda ay nagalaa shaqeeyan Hayadaha caalamiga ah. * [[Soomaali luqadda dhegoolaha]] ==Tixraacyo== [https://en.populationdata.net/rankings/population/ "Darajooyinka - Wadamada iyo Dhulka Adduunka • PopulationData.net"] {{Wayback|url=https://en.populationdata.net/rankings/population/ |date=20210629181040 }} [https://www.dw.com/en/somalia-puntland-pulls-recognition-of-federal-government/a-68709757 "Soomaaliya: Puntland oo la baxday aqoonsiga dowladda federaalka – DW – 03/31/2024"] [https://www.tvcnews.tv/somalia-puntland-refuses-to-recognise-fg-after-disputed-constitutional-changes/ "Soomaaliya: Puntland way diiday inay aqoonsato DFS ka dib markii la isku khilaafay dastuurka] [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-04-01/puntland-to-operate-independently-from-somalia-after-law-change "Puntland waa in ay si madax banaan uga shaqeyso Soomaaliya ka dib markii sharciga la bedelo"] [https://www.jurist.org/news/2024/04/somalia-state-of-puntland-rejects-constitutional-amendments-and-withdraws-from-federal-government/ “Maamulka Soomaaliya ee Puntland waxa uu diiday in wax laga bedelo dastuurka, kana baxay dowladda federaalka”] [http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Puntland_s_Experience_in_Peace-building_and_State-building.shtml : Waaya aragnimada Puntland ee Nabadaynta iyo Dawlad-dhisidda] {{Wayback|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Puntland_s_Experience_in_Peace-building_and_State-building.shtml |date=20131017121333 }} [https://books.google.com/books?id=mUIdWpwofCcC&pg=PA102 Buug-gacmeedka Sharciga Ganacsiga Soomaaliya: Macluumaadka Istaraatiijiga ah iyo Sharciyada] [https://web.archive.org/web/20121120100415/http://www.rangeresources.com.au/fileadmin/user_upload/research_Reports/gecr_29Nov07_RangeResources_mainnote.pdf "Rage Resources: Speculative Buy at 25.5p - Qiimaha bartilmaameedka 56p"] 20kii Noofambar 2012. La soo celiyay 19 Abriil 2019.Maamul-goboleedka Soomaaliyeed ee Puntland waxa uu isu haystaa in uu yahay mid madaxbannaan tan iyo 1998-kii, iyada oo caasimad u ah Garoowe, waxana uu magacaabay gobollo leh caasimad goboleedyo la aqoonsan yahay. Maamulka Putland ee uu madaxda ka yahay Madaxweyne Cadde Muuse Xirsi ayaa ah kuwo aan si hoose u muuqan, mana raadiyaan in ay ka madax banaanaadaan dowladda KMG ah ee Soomaaliya (Muqdisho waa caasimad). Maamulka Puntland ayaa soo shaac baxay ka dib markii la riday Madaxweyne Siyaad Barre 1991. Koonfurta Soomaaliya, maxkamado Islaami ah, qabqablayaal dagaal iyo qabaa'il gobolleed ayaa isku haya awoodda iyo xukunka iyadoo Puntland ay dareemayso xasillooni siyaasadeed iyadoo hal beel oo ka tirsan Puntland ay hadda maamusho gobolka. hab-siyaasadeed ku jihaysan [https://books.google.com/books?id=l2QwAQAAIAAJ&q=puntland+harti Axdigii 1998 ee Puntland ee Soomaaliya] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120728101945/http://www.ameinfo.com/116856.html "RAK iyo Puntland oo kala saxiixday heshiisyo lagu xoojinayo iskaashiga labada dhinac | Dowladda Ras Al Khaimah"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150418222759/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/08/somaliapuntland-to-establish-new-seaports-as-part-of-the-boost-puntland-economy-campaign/ "Soomaaliya: Puntland waxay samaynaysaa dekedo cusub oo qayb ka ah ololaha "Kobcinta dhaqaalaha Puntland"] [http://www.dxing.info/news/2013_04.dx "Idaacadda Puntland ee Soomaaliya oo tijaabisay 13800 kHz mowjadaha gaaban"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150321103106/http://somali-media.so/media-directory/radio/ "Khariidadda Warbaahinta Soomaaliyeed – Xarumaha Idaacadaha"] [https://www.datanyze.com/companies/puntland-post/353771459 "Puntland Post Company Profile | Liiska Maamulka iyo Shaqaalaha"] [https://www.datanyze.com/companies/puntland-post/353771459 "Puntland Post Company Profile | Liiska Maamulka iyo Shaqaalaha"] [https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-38621292 "Horyaalka koobaad ee Puntland oo wareegii labaad galay"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [http://mopicplgov.net/ Wasaaradda Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah ee Puntland] {{Wayback|url=http://mopicplgov.net/ |date=20131015053122 }} ayaa 15 October 2013 [http://pl.statistics.so/the-somali-health-demographic-survey-2020/#:~:text=01%20May%20The%20Somali%20Health%20%26%20Demographic%20Survey%202020&text=The%20Somali%20Health%20and%20Demographic,urban%2C%20rural%20and%20nomadic%20households. Waaxda Tirakoobka Puntland] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210629001940/http://pl.statistics.so/the-somali-health-demographic-survey-2020/ waxaa lagu kaydiyay] 29 June 2021 [https://www.polgeonow.com/2021/02/somalia-control-map-2021.html?m=1 Khariidadda Xakamaynta Soomaaliya] cel79yjse09s8ir2lo8ut6gh9b3bvu4 300964 300963 2026-07-07T05:39:28Z Maydkinool45 33894 300964 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Puntland''' , si rasmi ah maamul -'''goboleedka Soomaaliyeed ee Puntland''' , waa maamul - goboleedka isku haysta in uu ka tirsan yahay [[Soomaaliya]] , inkastoo aysan aqbalin sharcinimada maamulka hadda jira ee Soomaaliya . Waxaa la aasaasay 1998, waana dawlad xubin ka ah [[Dawladda federaalka Soomaaliya|federaalka Soomaaliya.]] Puntland waxay ku taal waqooyi bari Soomaaliya. Caasimadeeda waa magaalada [[Garoowe]] ee gobolka [[Nugaal]] . Gobolku wuxuu lahaa dad dhan 4,334,633 sanadka 2016.{{Infobox settlement | official_name = Puntland State of Somalia<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Puntland-const2010.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=30 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610044838/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Puntland-const2010.pdf |archive-date=10 June 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> | name = Puntland | native_name = {{unbulleted list|{{native name|so|Buntilaan}} |{{native name|ar|أرض البنط|italics=off}}}} |settlement_type = | image_flag = Flag of Puntland.svg | flag_size = 120px | image_shield = Coat of Arms of Puntland.svg | image_map = |image2 = | mapsize = 250px |pushpin_map =Somalia | map_caption = | coordinates = {{Coord|8|24|N|48|29|E|type:city}} | seat = [[Garowe]] | governing_body = [[Dowladda Puntland]] | leader_title1 = [[Siciid Cabdulaahi Deni|Madaxwaynaha]] | leader_name1 = [[Siciid Deni]] | area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.populationdata.net/rankings/population/|title=Rankings – Countries and Territories of the World • PopulationData.net|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629181040/https://en.populationdata.net/rankings/population/|url-status=live}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 212510 | area_water_km2 = 21,711 | leader_title2 = Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka | leader_name2 = [[Ilyaas Lugator]] | leader_title3 = Afhayeenka Aqalka | leader_name3 = [[Cabdirisaaq Axmed Siciid]] | area_rank = | established_title = La asaasay | established_date = 1 Ogosto 1998 | seat_type = Caasimada | population_est = 4334633 | pop_est_as_of = 2016 | pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="PLFactsandFigures2012-2017">{{cite web |title=Puntland Facts and Figures 2012–2017 |url=https://bareedo.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Puntland-Facts-and-Figures-2017-Year-book-2018-1.pdf |access-date=31 July 2023 |archive-date=31 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731042558/https://bareedo.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Puntland-Facts-and-Figures-2017-Year-book-2018-1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | timezone1 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | utc_offset_DST = +3 | motto = | area_code = [[+252]]90 (Soomaaliya) | iso_code = SO }} Puntland waxa ay xad la wadaagtaa Somaliland dhanka galbeed, Gacanka Cadmeed ee waqooyi, kanaalka Guardafui ee waqooyi-bari, badweynta Hindiya , Koonfur-galbeed ee maamulka Galmudug , iyo Itoobiya oo koonfur-galbeed ah. Puntland waxaa ku yaal dhowr daraf oo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin Cape Guardafui , oo ah cidhifka Geeska Afrika, Raas Xaafuun oo ah meesha ugu bari ee qaaradda Afrika oo dhan, iyo bilawga buuraleyda Karkaar . Magaca "Puntland" waxa uu ka yimid dhulkii Puntland ee lagu sheegay ilo-wareedyadii hore ee Masaarida , in kasta oo meesha saxda ah ee dhulka laga sameeyay ay tahay qarsoodi. Daraasado badan ayaa soo jeedinaya in dhulka Puntland uu ku yaalay Soomaaliya maanta, halka qaar kalena ay soo jeedinayaan in uu ku yaal meel kale. 31-March-2024-ka kadib is bedelo ka dhashay qalalaasaha dastuuriga ah ee Soomaaliya ayaa dowladda Puntland waxa ay sheegtay in aysan aqoonsanayn awoodda dowladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya , isla markaana aysan ka qeyb geli doonin hay’adaha federaalka Soomaaliya . Waxay ku dhawaaqday inay si madax-banaan u shaqayn doonto, ama “ay fulin doonto awoodaha dawlad madax bannaan”, inta laga helayo dawlad federaal ah oo leh dastuur lagu heshiiyey afti dadweyne oo ay Puntland ka qayb galayso. ==Taariikhda== ===Saldanada Majeerteen iyo Hobyo=== Majeerteen Sultanate (Migiurtinia) waxaa la aas aasay bartamihii qarnigii 18-aad. Waxay soo shaacbaxday qarnigii xigay, oo uu xukumayey Boqorka kheyraadka badan (Boqor) Cismaan Maxamuud . Xarunteedu waxay ahayd Caluula , waxay gacanta ku haysay inta badan waqooyiga iyo badhtamaha Soomaaliya qarniyadii 19-aad iyo horraantii 20-aad. Boqor Cismaan waxa uu ka mid ahaa ugaasyadii caanka ahaa ee beelaha Daarood oo soo maamuli jiray magaalooyinka qadiimiga ah ee Caluula, Baargaal , Boosaaso iyo Xaafuun ka dibna waxa uu u soo baxay oday dhaqameed awood leh oo si buuxda u maamula deegaamada uu ka taliyo. Siyaasaddu waxa ay ilaalisay shabakad ganacsi oo adag, waxa ay heshiisyo la gashay quwado shisheeye, waxana ay awood dhexe oo xoog leh ka fulisay gudaha gudaha. [[File:Garesadihafun.jpg|thumb|Mid ka mid ah qalcadaha Suldaanka Majeerteen (Migiurtinia) ee Xaafuun]] Suldaanka Majeerteen waxa uu ku sigtay in la burburiyo bartamihii 1800-aadkii dagaal awoodeed oo dhex maray Boqor Cismaan iyo Yuusuf Cali Keenadiid oo uu adeer u ahaa . Ka dib ku dhawaad ​​shan sano oo dagaal ah, dhallinyaradii bilawday ayaa ugu dambayntii lagu qasbay in loo masaafuriyo Yemen . Toban sano ka dib, sannadihii 1870-aadkii, Kenadiid wuxuu ka soo noqday Jasiiradda Carabta isagoo wata koox ka mid ah Musketeers Hadhrami iyo koox dab-damiyayaal ah. Iyagoo gacan ka helaya, wuxuu ku guulaystey inuu ka awood roonaado beelihii deegaanka oo uu dhidibada u taagay Saldanada Hobyo 1878. Dabayaaqadii 1889kii Boqor Cismaan wuxuu heshiis la galay Talyaaniga , isaga oo boqortooyadiisa ka dhigay maxmiyad Talyaani ah . Suldaan Keenadiid oo la tartamayey ayaa sanad ka hor saxiixay heshiis kaas la mid ah oo ku wajahan suldaannimadiisa. Labada masuulba waxay saxeexeen heshiisyada maxmiyadda si ay u horumariyaan ujeeddooyinkooda isballaarinta, iyadoo Boqor Cismaan uu eegayay inuu taageero Talyaanigu u adeegsado halganka awoodeed ee uu kula jiro Kenadiid ee Saldanada Majeerteen. Boqor Cismaan iyo Suldaan Keenadiid waxa ay sidoo kale rajaynayeen in ay ka faa’idaystaan ​​danaha iska soo horjeeda ee ka dhexeeya quwadaha reer Yurub ee markaasi doonayey in ay ka taliyaan gacanka Soomaalida, si ay uga fogaadaan in si toos ah xoog loogu qabsado dhulkooda. Markii si tartiib tartiib ah loo ballaariyay waqooyiga Soomaaliya ee gumeystihii reer Yurub, dhammaan seddexdii suldaan waxaa lagu daray Soomaalilaan Talyaani horaantii qarnigii 20aad. ===Dhismihii Puntland=== Ka dib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya 1991-kii, shirweyne dastuuri ah oo ka soo baxay gudaha Garoowe ayaa lagu qabtay Garoowe 1998-kii oo socday muddo saddex bilood ah. Shirkan oo ay ka soo qeyb galeen qeybaha kala duwan ee bulshada, Isimada , ganacsatada, waxgaradka iyo qeybaha kala duwan ee bulshada rayidka ah ayaa waxaa ka soo qeyb galay masuuliyiin ka tirsan maamulka Puntland, waxaana shirkan ka soo qeyb galay xubno ka socday beesha caalamka iyo qeybaha kala duwan ee bulshada. Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed waxa uu noqday madaxweynihii dhidibada u taagay dawladdii curdinka ahayd. Sida ku cad qodobka 1-aad ee Axdiga ku meel gaarka ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya , Puntland waa qayb ka mid ah dawladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya. Sidaas darteed, gobolku wuxuu raadinayaa midnimada Soomaalida , wuxuuna u hoggaansamaa nidaamka federaalka. Si ka duwan jamhuuriyadda Somaliland ee galbeedkeeda, Puntland iskuma daydo inay hesho aqoonsi caalami ah oo ah qaran gaar ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, labada gobolba hal shay ayaa ka dhexeeya oo ah inay taageeradooda ku saleeyaan oday-dhaqameedyada iyo qaab-dhismeedkooda urureed iyadoo lagu saleynayo xidhiidhka qabiilka iyo xigaalka . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, farqiga ugu muhiimsani wuxuu ahaa in Puntland loo sameeyay sidii isir ku salaysan oo ka duwan Somaliland. Dawladdu waxay u dhisnayd "dhulkii hooyo" ee beesha Harti ee Waqooyiga Soomaaliya, taas oo Majeerten loo arkayay "madax-qaab-yaqaannada" ee deegaanka. Tan iyo markii la aasaasay 1998, Puntland waxa ay sidoo kale Somaliland kula jirtay muran dhuleed oo ku saabsan gobollada Sool , Sanaag iyo Cayn. Qaab-dhismeedka sharci ee Puntland wuxuu ka kooban yahay Garsoorka, Xeer-dejinta ( Golaha Wakiilada ) iyo fulinta (Madaxwaynaha iyo Golihiisa Wasaaradaha uu magacaabay) waaxaha dawladda. Inkasta oo ay nabad ahayd, haddana gobolku waxa uu muddo kooban ka dhacay qalalaase siyaasadeed sannadkii 2001 markaas oo madaxweynihii Puntland ee xilligaas, Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed, oo ka mid ahaa aabayaashii dhidibbada u taagay Puntland iyo madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay uu doonayay in muddada loo kordhiyo. Axmed iyo Jaamac Cali Jaamac waxay ku dagaalameen gacan ku haynta gobolka, iyadoo Axmed uu ku guuleystay sannadkii xigay. Axmed ayaa markii labaad xilka madaxweynenimo hayay ilaa Oktoobar 2004, markaasoo loo doortay madaxweynaha Soomaaliya . Waxa xilka ku kala wareegay Maxamed Xaashi oo xilka hayay ilaa January 2005 markaas oo uu ku guul-darraystay tartankii dib-u-doorashada ee golaha wakiillada General Maxamuud Muuse Xirsi “Cadde”. ==Siyaasada== Puntland ayaa adeegsata hab baarlamaan oo ah in madaxweynaha iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka ay soo doortaan golaha baarlamaanka ee Puntland ===Maamulka General Cadde Muuse=== [[File:Cadde1.jpg|thumb|Mohamud Muse Hersi]] Bishii March 2005, Madaxweyne Muuse waxa uu bilaabay qorshe hammi ah oo lagu dhisayo garoonka diyaaradaha ee magaalada Boosaaso ee xarunta ganacsiga Puntland, mashruucaas oo hadda la dhamaystiray laguna magacaabo Bender Qassim International Airport . Bishii Abriil 2007, Muuse wuxuu kulamo la qaatay Sheikh Saud bin Saqr Al Qaasimi , oo ah dhaxal-sugaha iyo ku-xigeenka Amiirka Ras al-Khaimah ee Isutagga Imaaraadka Carabta (UAE), halkaas oo ay labada hoggaamiye ku kala saxiixdeen heshiis ku saabsan samaynta goob karantiil oo xoolaha ah si loo fududeeyo dhoofinta xoolaha Soomaaliya ee Imaaraadka. Bishii Oktoobar 2008, Muuse waxa kale oo uu heshiis 170 milyan Dirham ah la saxeexday Kooxda Lootah ee Dubai si ay uga taageerto dhismaha garoonka diyaaradaha, dekedda iyo aagga xorta ah ee magaalo-xeebeedda Boosaaso. Muuse waxa uu tilmaamay “Waxaan aaminsanahay in marka aan dhammayno mashaariicdan oo dhan ay dadkeenu ka faa’iidaysan doonaan inay helaan adeeg caafimaad oo wanaagsan, waxbarasho iyo barwaaqo guud. ===Maamulka Faroole=== [[File:Abdirahman Farole.jpg|thumb|Cabdiraxmaan Faroole]] Bishii Janaayo 2009, Cabdiraxmaan Faroole ayaa loo doortay madaxweynaha cusub ee Puntland . Maamulka Faroole ayaa markii uu xilka la wareegay wuxuu sameeyay isbedello badan, gaar ahaan laamaha ammaanka iyo garsoorka. Si loo xoojiyo nidaamka cadaaladda ee gobolka, xeer-ilaaliyeyaal badan, garsoorayaal iyo shaqaale kale oo maxkamadeed iyo sidoo kale ilaalada xabsiga oo dheeraad ah ayaa la shaqaaleysiiyay lana tababaray. Bishii Luulyo 2010, Golaha Wasiirada Puntland waxay cod aqlabiyad ah ku ansixiyeen sharciga cusub ee la dagaalanka argigixisada si si hufan loogu maareeyo tuhmanayaasha argagixisanimada iyo kuwa gacan saar la leh; Maxkamad gaar ah ayaa sidoo kale la filayaa in laga dhiso nidaamka maxkamadaha dembiyada ee gobolka si loo fududeeyo hawsha. Dhanka maaliyadda, waxaa la sameeyay hannaan maaliyadeed oo daah-furan oo ku saleysan miisaaniyad , kaasoo sida la sheegay gacan ka geystay kordhinta kalsoonida shacabka ee dowladda. Sidoo kale, waxaa la sameeyay dastuur cusub oo heer gobol ah, kaddibna la ansixiyay 15-kii Juun 2009, kaasoo la rumeysan yahay inuu ka dhigan yahay tallaabo muhiim ah oo loo qaaday aakhirkii in nidaamka siyaasadeed ee xisbiyada badan laga hirgeliyo deegaanka markii ugu horreysay; Nidaamkan oo kale ayaa hore uga jiray gobolka Somaliland ee ku xiga. Dib-u-habayn aad u yar ayaa sidoo kale lagu sameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqyada qaybta bulshada, gaar ahaan dhinacyada waxbarashada iyo daryeelka caafimaadka. Maamulka gobolka ayaa shaqaaleysiiyay shaqaale iyo macalimiin badan oo ka shaqeeya daryeelka caafimaadka, iyadoo qorshuhu yahay in dib u habeyn lagu sameeyo iskuullada iyo isbitaallada. Mid ka mid ah dib-u-habaynta cusub ee ugu muhiimsan ee uu sameeyay maamulka Puntland ee hadda xilka haya ayaa ah daah-furkii bishii May 2009 ee Hay’adda daryeelka bulshada Puntland (PASWE), oo ah hay’addii ugu horreysay ee nooceeda ah taariikhda Soomaaliya. Hay’addu waxa ay taageero caafimaad, waxbarasho iyo la-talinba siisaa dadka nugul iyo shakhsiyaadka sida agoonta, naafada iyo indhoolayaasha. PASWE waxaa korjoogta ka ah Gole Sare oo ka kooban Culimaa’udiin , Ganacsato, Waxgarad iyo Odayaal dhaqameed. ===Habka dimuqraadiyaynta=== 15kii Juun 2009, dawladda Puntland waxay ansixisay qabyo-qoraalka dastuurka cusub ee gobollada, taas oo ka dhigan tallaabo muhiim ah oo loo qaaday in ugu dambayntii lagu soo dabbaalo nidaamka siyaasadda xisbiyada badan ee gobolka markii ugu horreysay [[File:Somdbihd6.png|thumb|Haweenka oo ku jira hawl siyaasadeed inta lagu guda jiro geeddi-socodka dimuqraadiyaynta Puntland]] 15 April 2012, dawladda Puntland ayaa furay shirweyne dastuuri ah oo socon doona muddo afar maalmood ah, kaas oo si rasmi ah loogu daah-furay dastuurka cusub ee Puntland . Dastuurka oo ay kormeereen guddiga doorashada Puntland ayaa u taagan tilaabadii ugu dambeysay ee geedi socodka dimuqraadiyeynta gobolada, waxaana qorshuhu ahaa in la dhiso xisbiyo siyaasadeed. 12-kii September 2012, guddiga doorashada Puntland ayaa ku dhawaaqay in diiwaan gelinta xisbiyada siyaasadda Puntland ay hadda furan tahay. Arrintan ayaa timid kadib markii la meel mariyay sharciga ururada siyaasadda, xeerka aftida, xeerka doorashooyinka degmooyinka iyo daah-furka dastuurka dowlad goboleedyada. Waxay sidoo kale noqon doonaan kuwa loolan adag doorashada soo socota, ee loo qorsheeyay Janaayo 2014. 14 November 2012, Madaxweyne Faroole ayaa ku dhawaaqay daah-furka xisbigiisa cusub ee Horseed . Ururku waxa uu tiriyaa in ka badan 200 oo xubnood, waxana ay matalaan xukuumadda Puntland ee hadda xilka haysa, sida Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Cabdisamad Cali Shire iyo wasiiru dowlayaasha. Waa xisbigii ugu horreeyay ee la filayo in uu codsi ka diiwaan galiyo Guddiga Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Doorashooyinka Puntland (TPEC). Sidoo kale Faroole ayaa sheegay in guud ahaan shacabka ay xaq u yeelan doonaan ka mid noqoshada ururkaasi marka loo doorto xisbi siyaasadeed oo rasmi ah. Waxa la asaasay shan urur siyaasadeed oo kale bishii xigtay, oo ay ku jiraan Xisbiga Horumarka iyo Cadaaladda ee Horcad oo uu furay ganacsade iyo ganacsade Cumar Ismaaciil Waaberi oo ay weheliyaan siyaasiyiin kale, Midowga Shacabka Gobollada ama UPR (Ururka Gobollada Umadaha Bahoobey ama UGUB), Midnimo, Talowadaag (Consensus-Consensus-Building) ee Asaaska G. Waxbarashada iyo Horumarinta ee ku wajahan Aasaaska Hadafka Dhabta ah). ===Maamulka Dr. Cabdiweli Maxamed Cali Gaas=== [[File:Presidentialres.jpg|thumb|Madaxtooyada [[Boosaaso]]]] 8-dii Janaayo 2014, Ra’iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya C/weli Maxamed Cali ayaa loo doortay Madaxweynihii 5-aad ee Puntland isagoo kaga guuleystay Dr. Faroole hal cod. Cabdixakiim Cabdullaahi Xaaji Cumar ayaa isku mar loo doortay madaxweyne ku xigeenka Puntland. ===Maamulka Deni=== 8-dii Janaayo 2019 Wasiirkii hore ee Qorsheynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ee Dowladda Federaalka, Saciid Cabdullaahi Deni, ayaa lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay Madaxweynaha cusub. Doorashada ayaa ahayd mid si weyn loogu tartamay, waxaana loo gudbay wareeggii saddexaad ee codbixinta. Deni ayaa ka adkaaday Asad Cismaan Cabdullaahi oo horay uga tirsanaan jiray Nabadsugidda . Deni ayaa helay 35 cod, halka Diayno uu helay 31 cod. [[File:Said Abdullahi Deni (22-05-2021) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Madaxweynaha Puntland [[Siciid Cabdulaahi Deni|Siciid Cabdullaahi Deni]]]] Deni ayaa la hadlay xildhibaanada kadib markii lagu dhawaaqay in uu guuleystay. Waxa uu sheegay in uu sii wadi doono siyaasadii Madaxweynihii isaga ka horeeyay ee C/weli Gaas. Bishii Abriil 2024, Puntland waxay ku dhawaaqday inay u shaqeyn doonto sidii dowlad madax-bannaan iyada oo uu jiro khilaaf ka dhashay isbeddelka dastuurka Soomaaliya. ==Qaybaha maamulka== ===Gobollada=== Sida ku cad qodobka 3aad ee dastuurka ku meel gaarka ah ee dawlad goboleedka Puntland 2001, Puntland waxay ka kooban tahay gobolada la sheeganayo: Cayn Buuhoodle3 Bari Boosaas 5 Karkaar Qardho 5 Ra'as Caseyr Aluula 5 Haylaan Dhahar 3 Mudug Gaalkacyo2,5 Nugaal Garoowe 5 Sanaag Badhan 4 Sool Laascaanood7 ===Dib u kala qaybinta iyo khilaafaadka xuduudaha=== Bishii Jannaayo 2009, maamul-goboleedka Maakhir ee wakhtiga gaaban ayaa si rasmi ah loogu daray Puntland. Gacan ku heynta galbeedka gobolada Sool , Sanaag iyo Cayn (SSC) ayaa lagu muransan yahay Somaliland. 17-kii July 2025, dowladda Puntland waxay xaqiijisay in gobolladaas ay ku sii jiraan maamulkooda, iyadoo diiday inay aqoonsato maamulka Khaatumo ilaa laga gaarayo heshiis wada-tashi ah. 8-dii April 2013, dowladda Puntland ayaa ku dhawaaqday in la sameeyay gobol cusub oo loogu magac daray Gardafuul . Waxaa laga soo saaray gobolka Bari, wuxuuna ka kooban yahay saddex degmo, wuxuuna xarun u yahay Caluula . Ka hor inta aan la magacaabin gobolkan cusub, dawladdii hore ee Puntland waxay samaysay saddex gobol oo dhammaantood laga soo xardhay gobolladii jiray: Karkaar waxaa laga soo xardhay Bari ,Haylaan oo Sanaag laga soo saaray , Cayn oo laga sameeyay gobolka Togdheer . Koonfurta sida ay sheegeen dowladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya iyo CIA-da , koonfurta Mudug waxay ka tirsan tahay Galmudug . Magaalooyinka ama magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn Puntland Darajo Magaca Gobolka Boob 1 Boosaaso Bari, Soomaaliya 164,906 2 Gaalkacyo Mudug 137,667 3 Garoowe Nugaal 70,991 4 Qardho Bari, Soomaaliya 56,825 5 Badhan, Sanaag Puntland iyo Somaliland oo ku muransan 55,300 6 Galdogob Nugaal 40,433 7 Waaciye Bari 44,109 8 n/a n/a n/a 9 n/a n/a n/a 10 n/a n/a ==Juqraafiga== [[File:Sambalaxx.jpg|thumb|Geel oo eegaya qaybaha caleenta ah ee buurta Cal Madow ee Puntland]] Puntland waxay ku taal juqraafi ahaan qaybta waqooyi bari ee Soomaaliya . Waxa xad la leh Somaliland oo galbeed ka xigta, woqooyiga Gacanka Cadmeed , Badweynta Hindiya koonfur-bari, iyo Itoobiya oo koonfur-galbeed ka xigta. Puntland waxay ku fadhidaa dhul baaxadiisu dhan tahay 212,510 km2 ( 82,050 sq mi) ama qiyaastii saddex meelood meel meel dhulka juqraafiyeed ee Soomaaliya. Buuraha waxaa ka mid ah Buuraha Golis , Galgala iyo Cal Madow ===Cimilada=== Gobolku waa badh-emane , leh cimilo diiran iyo celcelis ahaan heerkul maalinle ah oo u dhexeeya 27 °C (80.6 °F) ilaa 37 °C (98.6 °F). Xaaladahan cimiladu waxay u roon yihiin xoolo-dhaqatada oo ah isticmaalka ugu waxtarka badan ee dhulka inta badan qaybaha gobolka. Dhul-daaqsimeedka waxaa ka mid ah gobolka Hawd oo ku yaal dhulka sare ee galbeedka gobollada Mudug iyo Sool , dhulka cagaarka ah ee Sanaag iyo dhinaca Itoobiya iyo dooxada hoose ee Nugaaleed . Heerkulka khafiifka ah, marka la barbardhigo, waxaa la soo maray oo keliya hareeraha buuraha dhaadheer ee Bari . Roobabku waa yar yihiin waana kala duwan yihiin, iyada oo aanay jirin meel keliya oo hesha in ka badan 400 mm (15.7 in) oo roob ah sannadkii. Reer guuraagu waxay inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin ceelasha sidii isha biyaha halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen biyaha dusha sare leh . Waxa jira afar xilli oo nolosha xoolo-dhaqatada iyo beeralayda ah ku wareegsan yihiin, kuwaasna waxa lagu maamulaa isbeddellada dabaysha. Xilliyada Puntland waa: Jilaal - laga bilaabo Janaayo ilaa Maarso; xilliga qalalan ee ugu daran sanadka Gu - laga bilaabo Abriil ilaa Juun; xilli roobaadka ugu weyn Xagaa - laga bilaabo Luulyo ilaa Sebtembar; xilliga qalalan ee labaad Deyr - laga bilaabo Oktoobar ilaa Disembar; xilli roobaadka oo gaaban oo aan la isku hallayn karin ==Waxbarashada== [[File:Punstacomlab2.jpg|thumb|Fasalka kombiyuutarka ee Jaamacadda Dawladda Puntland ee xarunta [[Garoowe]]]] Ka dib markii ay Soomaaliya ka dillaaceen dagaalladii sokeeye, waxaa soo baxay dhibaatooyin badan oo la xiriira helitaanka waxbarasho ee miyiga iyo jinsiga, tayada bixinta waxbarashada, ka jawaabista manhajka dugsiyada, heerarka waxbarashada iyo kontaroolada, maareynta iyo qorsheynta awoodda iyo maalgelinta. Si wax looga qabto tabashooyinkaas, dawladda Puntland waxay waddaa qorshe ay ku dejinayso siyaasad waxbarasho oo lagu hagi karo geeddi-socodka aqooneed ee gobolka oo cagta saaraya waddada dib-u-dhiska iyo horumarinta dhaqaalaha. Midda dambe waxaa ku jira siyaasadda waxbarashada qaranka xasaasiga ah ee jinsiga oo u hoggaansan heerarka caalamiga ah, sida kuwa lagu qeexay Heshiiska Xuquuqda Carruurta (CRC) iyo Axdiga Ciribtirka Dhammaan Noocyada Takoorka ee Haweenka (CEDAW). Tusaalooyinka tallaabooyinkan iyo tallaabooyinka kale ee waxbarasho ee shaqada ayaa ah dejinta dawladda ee sharciga loogu talagalay in lagu sugo danaha waxbarasho ee gabdhaha, kor u qaadida kobaca barnaamijka Horumarinta Carruurnimada Hore (ECD) ee loogu talagalay in lagu gaaro waalidiinta iyo bixiyeyaasha daryeelka ee guryahooda iyo sidoo kale xarumaha ECD ee 0-ilaa 5-sano-jirrada 61-aad ee loogu talagalay in lagu dhiirigeliyo xirmooyinka carruurta ee 0- ilaa 5 - sano jir ah miyiga fogfog. Nidaamka waxbarashada Puntland waxaa loo arkaa inuu yahay midka ugu horumarsan, wuxuuna isku dayayaa inuu xiro farqiga u dhexeeya jinsiga si haween badan ay u awoodaan inay iskuulada tagaan. Gobolo kale ayaa ku raacaya in Puntland ay ka dhabeyso arrintaas. Dawladda Puntland dhexdeeda, wasaaradda waxbarashada ayaa u xilsaaran horumarinta iyo maaraynta baahiyaha waxbarasho ee gobolka. Waxa madax ka ah Wasiirka Maxamuud Bile Dubbe, oo ay hoos yimaadaan Wasiir-ku-xigeen iyo Agaasime Guud oo gacan ka geysta kormeerka Qaybta Waxbarashada Dugsiga Hoose (PPED) iyo Agaasinka Waxbarashada Aasaasiga ah (BED), iyo guddiyo kale. [[File:Eaubosaso2.jpg|thumb|Gelitaanka Jaamacadda Bariga Afrika faraceeda [[Boosaaso]]]] Nidaamka waxbarasho ee Puntland wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba sano oo korriin carruurnimo hore ah (ECD), siddeed sano oo waxbarasho hoose ah (afar sano oo dugsi hoose ah iyo afar sano oo dugsi hoose ah) iyo afar sano oo dugsi sare ah . Waxbarashada sare waxay ka kooban tahay celcelis ahaan afar sano, iyada oo gobolku hadda lagu tiriyo todobo jaamacadood oo waaweyn oo kala ah: Puntland State University Garowe , Puntland State University Gaalkacyo , Boosaaso College in Bosaaso , East Somalia University in Qardho , Muqdisho University ( Puntland branch ) in Bosaaso, Maakhir University in Badhan , Sanaag , iyo Nugaal University in Laascaanood . Jaamacadda Bariga Afrika waxay kaloo ku leedahay Puntland lix laamood, waxayna xarumo ku leedahay Boosaaso, Ceerigaabo , Galdogob , Gaalkacyo, Garoowe iyo Qardho. Sidaa darteed, waa nidaamka 2-4-4-4. Wasaaradda waxbarashada Puntland waxay sidoo kale u aqoonsan tahay waxbarashada dadban iyo farsamada gacanta iyo tababarka (TVET) inay yihiin qaybo ka mid ah nidaamka waxbarasho ee gobolka. Laga soo bilaabo 2005/2006 ilaa 2006/2007, waxaa aad kor ugu kacay tirada dugsiyada Puntland, taasoo ka badan 137 machad oo sanad ka hor ahaa. Isla muddadaas, tirada fasallada gobolka ayaa kordhay 504, iyada oo 762 macalimiin ah ay sidoo kale bixiyeen adeegyadooda. Wadarta is-diiwaangelinta ardayda ayaa kordhay 27% sannadkii hore, iyada oo habluhu wax yar ka dambeeyaan wiilasha xaadirka ah inta badan gobollada. Diwaan galinta ugu saraysa ayaa lagu arkay waqooyiga gobolka Bari , halka tiradii ugu hoosaysayna laga arkay gobolka Cayn oo dadkeedu yar yahay. Qaybinta fasallada ayaa ku dhawaad ​​si siman loo kala qaybiyey magaalooyinka iyo miyiga, iyada oo inta yar ee arday badani ka qayb galayaan iyo macallimiin ay casharro ku dhigaan magaalooyinka. Ka dib dhibaatadii COVID-19, Dawladda Puntland waxay daah-furtay Baasaboorka Waxbarashada, oo ah goob wax lagu barto dijitaalka ah oo ay carruurtu ka heli karaan waxyaabaha waxbarashada online iyo offline labadaba guryahooda. Baasaboorka Waxbarashadu waa iskaashi gogol-xaadh u dhexeeya UNICEF, Microsoft iyo Jaamacadda Cambridge. ==Tirakoobka dadka iyo diinta== [[File:Punmosq.jpg|thumb|Masjid ku yaala Boosaaso]] Ilaa 2016, dadka Puntland waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 4,334,633 qof, 39% waa reer guuraa . Gobolka waxaa dega ugu horrayn dad ka soo jeeda qowmiyadda Soomaalida , gaar ahaan Daarood ayaa si fiican u metelaya. Waxa kale oo jira tiro dadka Mehri deggan. Hadda 31% dadka gobolka ayaa ku nool magaalooyinka sida xawliga ah u koraya ee kala ah Boosaaso , Qardho , Laascaanood , Buuhoodle , Badhan , Galdogob , Garoowe iyo Gaalkacyo . Ku dhawaad ​​70% dadku waxay sidoo kale ka hooseeyaan da'da 30. Tirada dadka ee Puntland waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 20/km 2 (52/sq mi). Si la mid ah Soomaaliya inteeda kale, Islaamku waa diinta ugu weyn ee gobollada Puntland ==Gaadiidka== Gaadiidka basaska dowladda hoose ayaa ka shaqeeya magaalooyinka Boosaaso , Garoowe , Laascaanood , Gaalkacyo iyo Qardho . Adeegyada gaadiidka ee u dhexeeya magaalooyinka waaweyn ee gobolka iyo tuulooyinka ku dhow ayaa sidoo kale lagu heli karaa iyada oo loo marayo noocyada kala duwan ee baabuurta, sida 4 taayirrada iyo baabuurta fudud (LGV). Laga bilaabo May 2015, in ka badan 70,000 oo baabuur ayaa ka diiwaan gashan Wasaaradda Hawlaha iyo Gaadiidka Puntland [[File:Garoweresid6.jpg|thumb|Muuqaalka wadada dhinaceeda ee xaafad ku taal Garoowe]] Puntland waxa mara 750 km (470 mi) wadada wayn ee waqooyi-koonfur. Waxay isku xirtaa magaalooyinka waaweyn ee waqooyiga Soomaaliya, sida Garoowe, Boosaaso iyo Gaalkacyo, iyo magaalooyin ku yaal koonfurta. Sannadkii 2012, Hay'adda Waddooyinka Puntland waxay soo gabagabaysay dayactirka halbowlaha dhexe ee isku xira Garoowe iyo Gaalkacyo. Hay'adda gaadiidku waxay sidoo kale biloowday mashruuc dib-u-habayn iyo dayactir ah bishii Juun 2012 oo ku saabsan laamiga weyn ee isku xira magaalo-madaxda gobolka iyo Boosaaso. Intaa waxaa dheer, dayactirku wuxuu bilaabmay Oktoobar 2012 waddada dheer ee isku xirta Boosaaso iyo Qardho. Waxa kale oo uu socdaa qorshayaal lagu dhisayo waddooyin cusub oo isku xidha magaalooyinka waaweyn ee gobolka iyo jidka weyn. [[File:Bosasairp.jpg|thumb|Garoonka caalamiga ah ee Bender Qaasim ee magaalada Boosaaso 2016, ka hor dayactir]] Boosaaso waxay leedahay deked weyn oo la dhisay bartamihii 1980-meeyadii iyadoo sanad walba xoolaha nool loo daabulo bariga dhexe . Bishii Janaayo 2012, mashruuc dib u habeyn ah ayaa la bilaabay, iyadoo KMC ay qandaraas ku qaadatay hagaajinta dekedda. Wajigii koowaad ee hindisaha ayaa lagu arkay nadiifinta agabka aan loo baahnayn ee ka soo baxay barxadda dekedda, waxaana la dhameeyay bishii gudaheeda. Wejiga labaad waxa uu ku saabsan yahay dib u dhiska dekeddu ku teedsan tahay badda ku dheggan, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in la dejiyo maraakiibta waaweyn. Sannadkii 2012, koox injineero ah ayaa sidoo kale loo qoray maamulka Puntland si ay u qiimeeyaan dayactirka ka socda dekedda Laascaanood . Sida uu sheegay wasiirka dekedaha , Siciid Maxamed Raage , dawladda Puntland waxay ku talo jirtaa inay mashaariic horumarineed oo noocan oo kale ah ka hirgeliso magaalada Laascaanood. Duulimaadyada maxalliga ah waxay bixiyaan duulimaadyo kala duwan oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, sida Jabuuti , Addis Ababa , Dubai iyo Jeddah ; sidoo kale waxay bixiyaan duulimaadyada xajka iyo cumrada . Duulimaadyada ugu caansan Puntland waxaa ka mid ah Jubba Airways , Cosob Air iyo Daallo Airlines , kuwaas oo ka howlgala garoonka diyaaradaha ee Bender Qaasim ee Boosaaso iyo garoonka diyaaradaha Cabdullaahi Yuusuf (Garoonkii hore ee Gaalkacyo) ee Gaalkacyo iyo meelo kale. Dabayaaqadii bishii Sebtembar 2013, waxaa xarunta lagu qabtay munaasabad lagu daah furayay qandaraaska qandaraaska dib u dayactirka garoonka diyaaradaha ee Boosaaso. Dayactirkan ayaa waxaa ka mid ah in la balaadhiyo dhabaha ay diyaaraduhu ku ordaan ee garoonka oo laga dhigay 1,800m ilaa 2,650m. Balaadhka dhabyga diyaaraduhu waxa kale oo laga balaadhin doonaa 30m ilaa 45m, waxaana labada dhinac ka muuqan doona 7.5m garbaha quruuruxda. Sida uu sheegay wasiir ku xigeenka wasaaradda duulista hawada Puntland Cabdiqani Geelle, dowladda Puntland ayaa qorshaynaysa in ay dhismo noocan oo kale ah ku sameyso garoonka diyaaradaha ee Garoowe ee Garoowe, garoonka diyaaradaha Cabdullaahi Yuusuf ee Gaalkacyo iyo kan Qardho ee Qardho. ==Milatari== [[File:Calaamada ciidamada daraawishta2.png|thumb|Astaanta Ciidanka Daraawiishta Puntland]] Ciidanka PSF-ta Puntland waa ciidamada qalabka sida ee maamul goboleedka Puntland. Taliyeyaasha iyo saraakiisha sare ee ciidamada waxaa loo magacaabay guddi tayo leh oo ay ansixiyeen Golaha Wasiirada. Laamaha amniga Puntland waxa kale oo ay leeyihiin maxkamad ciidan oo madax-banaan. PSF waxaa ka mid ah Ciidanka Daraawiishta Puntland (PDF), qaybteeda rasmiga ah ee ciidamada. Waxay ka shaqeysaa ciidankeeda booliiska, oo ay ku jiraan Unug Ilaalinta Gaarka ah. Hay’adda Sirdoonka Puntland (PIA) waa xafiiska sirdoonka ee ciidamada Puntland. Waxaa la aas aasay sanadkii 2001-dii iyadoo la aas aasay ciidanka sirdoonka Puntland xilligii uu talada hayay Madaxweyne Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed , iyadoo gacan ka heleysa dowladda Mareykanka. Ciidanka badda Puntland (PMPF) waa ciidan laga qorey gudaha, xirfadna u leh ilaalinta badda. Ugu horrayn waxaa looga golleeyahay ka hortagga, ogaanshaha iyo ciribtirka burcad-badeednimada , kalluumeysiga sharci-darrada ah , iyo falalka kale ee xaaraanta ah ee ka socda xeebaha Soomaaliya iyo guud ahaan ilaalinta kheyraadka badda ee qaranka. Intaa waxaa dheer, Ciidanku waxay bixiyaan taageero bulsho, oo ay ku jiraan dayactirka ceelasha, dayactirka isbitaallada iyo rugaha caafimaadka, iyo dayactirka waddooyinka, garoomada diyaaradaha iyo kaabayaasha kale. Waxa kale oo ay siisaa barnaamijyo tababar xirfadeed bulshooyinka deegaanka. ==Dhaqaalaha== Puntland waxay leedahay 1,600 km (990 mi) oo xeeb ah, kaas oo ay ku badan yihiin kalluunka iyo kheyraadka kale ee badda . Wax soo saarka dhaqaale ee dheeraadka ah iyo waxqabadyada gobolka waxaa ka mid ah xoolaha nool , faleenka , malmalka , xabkaha carabiga , wax soo saarka iyo beeraha . Wax soo saarka beeraha sida canbaha, muuska, guavas, liin, sonkorta, iyo lawska ayaa lagu beeraa beeraha gobolka. Raashinka iyo badeecadaha laga soo dejiyo Berbera , Somaliland qiimo jaban ayaa lagu iibiyaa marka loo eego kuwa Boosaaso laga soo dejiyo . Sidaa darteed, beddelka xoolaha nool ee ka soo jeeda Puntland waxaa laga dhoofiyaa Berbera . Xarumaha ganacsiga ee Puntland waxay ku kala yaalaan Boosaaso iyo Gaalkacyo . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, magaalooyinka kale sida Qardho iyo Garoowe waxay u dhaqmaan sidii goobaha suuqa ee fasalka labaad. Dakhliga waxaa laga soo saaraa warshadaha soo socda: Xoolaha, Kalluumeysiga, Beeyada, iyo Ganacsiga yaryar. Xoolaha ka soo jeeda Puntland waxaa loo dhoofiyaa Boosaaso. Xarumaha ganacsiga ee muhiimka ah ee Puntland waxay ku kala yaalaan Boosaaso iyo Gaalkacyo . Caanaha aruuriya ( Anooley Af Soomaali ) waxay ku sugan yihiin suuqyada magaalooyinka Qardho , Garoowe iyo Boosaso . Puntland ayaa leh heerka ugu hooseeya ee saboolnimada Soomaaliya , iyadoo 27% ka ah, halka Somaliland ay ka tahay 50% iyo 57% Muqdisho . Khubarada ayaa aaminsan in tani ay sabab u tahay isticmaalka badan iyo ka qaybgalka xoogga shaqada oo sarreeya. Qoysaska ku nool Puntland waxay isticmalaan tiro ka badan qofkiiba shay iyo wax ka badan qoyskiiba. Heerka hoose ee faqriga uma muuqdo mid ay wadaan tirada qoyska, maadaama celceliska Puntland uu yahay 5.2, marka la barbar dhigo 5.7 Somaliland iyo 4.5 ee Muqdisho . Puntland waxa ay si fiican uga socotaa tilmaamo kala duwan oo muhiim ah oo samaha. Tusaale ahaan, heerka wax-akhriska Puntland waa 64% marka la barbar dhigo celceliska qaranka oo ah 55%. Intaa waxaa dheer, qoysaska Puntland waxay sidoo kale ka sarreeyaan celceliska natiijooyinka kale ee waxbarasho sida is-diiwaangelinta iyo kasbashada waxbarashada. 70% qoysaska Puntland ayaa helay ilo biyood oo hagaagsan marka loo eego celceliska qaranka oo ah 58%. Sidaa darteed, waxqabadka sare ee Puntland ee tilmaamayaasha samaha ee aan lacagta ahayn waxay la jaan qaadayaan heerka saboolnimada hoose. Bishii Disembar 2011, suuq ganacsi oo cusub ayaa laga furay xaafadda Dayaxa ee waqooyiga Boosaaso ("Xiddiga"), una dhow dekedda. Qiyaastii nus kiilomitir cabbirkeeda, waxaa loo qorsheeyay si loo hubiyo helitaanka gaadhiga. Suuqan ayaa ka dhashay qorshe taxaddar leh oo u dhexeeya madaxda dawladda Puntland iyo wakiilada bulshada rayidka ah. [[File:Galkamaal.jpg|thumb|Bangiga Amal ee Gaalkacyo , Puntland]] Boosaaso waxa kale oo ay xarun u tahay shirkadda Golis Telecom Soomaaliya oo ah shirkadda ugu weyn ee isgaarsiineed ee waqooyi bari Soomaaliya. Waxaa la asaasay sanadkii 2002 ujeedadeeduna ahayd sidii dalka loo gaadhsiin lahaa adeegyada mobilada ee GSM, khadka tooska ah iyo adeega internet ka , waxa ay leedahay shabakad balaadhan oo ka kooban dhamaan magaalooyinka waaweyn ee qaranka iyo in ka badan 40 degmo oo ka kala tirsan Puntland iyo Somaliland. Intaa waxaa dheer, Netco waxay xarunteedu ku leedahay magaalada. Shirkadaha kale ee isgaarsiinta ee u adeega gobolka waxaa ka mid ah Telcom iyo NationLink . Bishii April 2013, Wasaaradda Kalluumeysiga iyo Kheyraadka Badda Puntland ayaa si rasmi ah u daah furtay suuq cusub oo kalluunka lagu iibinayo oo laga hirgeliyay magaalada Garoowe. Dhismahan oo ay iska kaashadeen madaxda UK iyo UNDP, waa qayb ka mid ah qorshe ballaaran oo lagu horumarinayo gobolka oo lagu arki doono laba suuq oo kale oo la mid ah oo sanadkan gudihiisa laga furay Gaalkacyo iyo Qardho. Bishii Agoosto 2014, iyada oo ay weheliyaan dawladda Jabuuti iyo shirkad dhisme oo caalami ah oo xarunteedu tahay Shiinaha, wasaaradda gaadiidka iyo dekedaha Puntland waxay daah-furtay mashruuc lagu dhisayo dekedo cusub oo maamul goboleedka. Qorshahan ayaa qeyb ka ah olole ballaaran oo maamulka Puntland uu ku doonayo in diiradda lagu saaro sidii looga faa’ideysan lahaa fursadaha ganacsi ee gobolka iyadoo loo marayo mashaariic horumarineed oo kala duwan ===Shidaal baadhista=== [[File:Puntland oil.png|thumb|Shidaalkii Puntland]] Sannadihii 2000-aadkii, dawladda Puntland waxay bilowday wada-xaajood rasmi ah oo ay la yeelanayso shirkado Shisheeye oo Shisheeye ah oo ku saabsan xuquuqda sahaminta dhulka. Maamulka gobolka Oktoobar 2005 ayaa Range Resources siiyay saamiga ugu badan ee labada shati ee sahaminta macdanta iyo kaarboonka biyaha ku salaysan ee baaxadda leh, marka lagu daro xuquuqaha badda. Xeebta Nugaaleed iyo Dooxada Dharoor ee su'aasha la is weydiinayo waxay gaaraysa in ka badan 14,424 iyo 24,908 km2 ( 5,569 iyo 9,617 sq mi), siday u kala horreeyaan. Laba sano ka dib, Range Resources waxay heshay 100% dulsaar labada baloog waxayna isla markaaba 80% ka beeratay saamigaas Canmex Minerals. Bishii Janaayo 2007, maamulka Puntland oo uu markaas hoggaaminayey Madaxweyne Maxamuud Muuse Xirsi ayaa heshiis la saxiixday Puntland Product Sharing Agreement (PSA) oo ay la saxiixdeen Range Resources Limited iyo Canmex Minerals subsidiary Canmex Holdings (Bermuda) II Limited. Ka dib markii uu isbedel ku yimid hoggaanka 2009, dawladda Puntland ee uu hadda hoggaamiyo Madaxweyne Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud Faroole, waxay damacday inay dib ugala xaajoodaan heshiiska faa'iidada qaybsiga ee Range Resources si loo xaqiijiyo shuruudo badan oo ku habboon gobolka. Sannadkii 2012, dawladda Puntland waxay siisay iftiinka cagaaran mashruucii ugu horreeyay ee sahaminta shidaalka ee Puntland iyo guud ahaan Soomaaliya. Sanadkii 2017-kii, wasiiro ka tirsan Puntland ayaa shir ay yeesheen golaha wasiirada waxay ku ansixiyeen heshiis shidaal baaris ah oo ay la gashay shirkadda CCECC ee laga leeyahay dalka Shiinaha , taas bedelkeedana waxaa lagu dhisay waddo isku xirta Eyl iyo Garoowe iyo dayactir iyo dib u habeyn lagu sameeyay garoonka diyaaradaha ee Cabdullaahi Yuusuf ==Warbaahinta== [[File:Satelpunt.jpg|thumb|Qaar ka mid ah adeegyada dayax-gacmeedka ee Puntland]] Puntland waxay leedahay TV iyo istuudiyo u gaar ah. TV-ga iyo Raadiyaha Puntland waa shabakada baahinta guud ee maamul goboleedka Puntland ee Soomaaliya. Xarunteedu waa magaalo madaxda gobolka ee Garoowe . Adeeggu wuxuu kaloo xafiis ku leeyahay London . La aas aasay bishii April 2013, Puntland TV iyo Radio waxay ku hadashaa af-Soomaali gudaha gudaha iyadoo la adeegsanayo adeegga dhulka. Waxa kale oo ay sii daysaa barnaamijyo caalami ah iyada oo loo marayo dayax-gacmeedka . Radio Puntland ayaa si caalami ah u tabiya mowjadaha gaaban, iyadoo la gaarsiinayo ilaa Finland. Barnaamijkeeda caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah wararka guud, diiradda saaraya horumarka gobolka, ciyaaraha iyo madadaalada. Idaacadaha sida gaarka ah loo leeyahay ee East Television Network (ETN TV) iyo Somali Broadcasting Corporation (SBC TV) ayaa laga baahiyey magaalada Boosaaso. Radio Garowe oo la aas aasay 2004tii waa idaacad bulsho oo xarunteedu tahay Garowe. Idaacadda ayaa maalin kasta ka soo baxda Soomaaliya 89.8 FM, [ 112 ] iyadoo ka soo tabisa dhammaan cinwaannadii ugu dambeeyay ee wararka, siyaasadda iyo bulshada Soomaaliyeed. Waxa ay sidoo kale baahisaa barnaamijyo kale oo gaar ah oo ka baxa Garowe Online oo ah mareegta walaalkeed ee internetka. LaasqorayNET waa shabakad kale oo si gaar ah loo leeyahay oo fadhigeedu yahay Badhan , Boosaaso , Dubai iyo London . Mareegta waxaa ku jira maqaallo ku qoran af Soomaali iyo Ingiriis. Intaa waxaa dheer, shabakadu waxay martigelisaa qaar ka mid ah maqalka, inkastoo kan dambe aan si joogto ah loo cusbooneysiin. Radio Gaalkacyo waa idaacada dowladda. Xarunteedu tahay magaalada Gaalkacyo , waxaa hore loo odhan jiray Radio Free Somalia. Horseed Media waxaa la aas aasay sanadkii 2002-dii, waxaana aasaasay koox aqoonyahano ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo ku kala nool dalalka Holland iyo Finland. Idaacadda ayaa ka dhegeysata magaalada Boosaaso, waxaana dhageystayaal gaaraya ilaa 80,000 oo qof, iyadoo dhererkeedu yahay 150 km2 ( 58 sq mi). Waxa kale oo ay ka shaqeysaa shabakad ay ku xisaabtamaan in ka badan 10,000 oo booqasho maalinle ah. Puntland Post oo fadhigeedu yahay magaalada Garoowe ayaa waxaa la aas aasay sanadkii 2001-dii, waxaana aasaasay qurba-joog Soomaaliyeed oo ku dhaqan dalka Denmark. Websaydhkeedu waxa uu maalin walba ku soo bandhigaa warbixino iyo falanqeyn isugu jira warar gudaha iyo dibadda ah oo isugu jira Soomaali iyo Ingiriis, iyadoo xoogga la saarayo arrimaha Puntland. Puntland Star oo la aas aasay 2014-kii, waxa ay idiin soo gudbisaa warar, sheekooyin iyo Documentry ka socda Soomaaliya iyo Caalamka intiisa kale. Ururada kale ee warbaahinta waxaa ka mid ah Raxanreeb Online (RBC Radio). Waxa la bilaabay 2006dii, RBC waxa ay dhagaystayaasha caalamka u soo bandhigtaa wararka Soomaaliga oo ku baxa Soomaali iyo Ingiriisba. Iyada oo ilo toos ah laga helayo Soomaaliya, waxay khusaysaa siyaasadda gudaha iyo bulshada ==Ciyaaraha== ===Kubadda Cagta=== Sannadka 2017, waxaa la aasaasay ururka maamul goboleedka Puntland oo ka kooban sagaal kooxood. == Dawladda Puntland == Dawladda Puntland ee somaliyeed waxaa la asaasay 1998kii, waxaana asaasay isimo ,siyaasiyiin,ganacsato,culimaa,udiin ,haween dadka ugu caansanaa ee isugu yimi shirkii GAROWE kadhacay 1998 waxaa kamid ahaa madaxweynihii hore ee Dawladda DFKMG [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]], Ibrahim Abshir Ibrahim, Beeldaaje Xaaji Cabdullahi, Suldaan Ciise Xasan Cumar, [[Ugaas Yaasiin Ugaas Cabdirixmaan| Ugaas Yaasiin]], Suldaan Saciid Cabdisalaan, Islaan Maxamed iyo Garaad Jaamac ,sababta loo sameeyay maamulkaan wuxuu ahaa si loo badbaadiyo shacabka woqooyiga. Maamulka puntland aad ayuu uuga duwanyahay maamulka kale ee [[SSC-Khatumo]]. Puntland ma raadinooso kala goynta dalka somalia, dadkaan waa dad wadaniyiin ah . shacabka puntland run ahaantii waa dad markasto raadiyo isku keenta shacabka soomaaliyeed. Puntland waxee leedahay maamul xukumo iyo barlamaan u gooni ah iyo wasiiro maamulo shacab woqooyiga. ===Hormuudka=== Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay ee puntland woxoo ahaa Cabdullahi Yuusuf, waxaa ku xigay Maxamed Abdi Xaashi waxaa ku xigay Cade Muuse waxaa ku sii xigay Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud faroole, Hadana waxaa xilka hayya Cabdiwali Maxamed Cali. == caasimada puntland == Garoowe waa caasimadda Dawladda puntland ee somaliyeed, Garoowe ayaa waxay soo martay maraxalado kala gedisan. Haatanna waxay maraysaa heer keedii ugu sarreeyay. Magaalada Ayaa xarun u ah haayado dowliya iyo kuwa aan dowli ahayn,qunsuliyado,ururo maxali ah , kuwa NGO ah,radio stations,TV IWM. Garowe waxaa ku yaal Meelo aad iyo aad u qurxoon suuqaaq iyo bacadlayaal aad iyo aad u camiran Jawiga ayaa had iyo goorba ah mid aan qaboow saa'ida iyo kulayl saa'idana aan lahayn qorraxda ayaa inta badan waxaa ku dahaaran cadar iyo daruuro. ===Qarnigii 21ka=== Ka dib markii wadatashiyo badan ay yeesheen isimada, siyaasiyiinta, aqoonyahanka, ganacsatada, iyo qaybaha kala duwan ee bulshada ku nool goboladan, ayaa waxaa la go'aansaday in magaalada Garoowe lagu qabto shir loo wada dhan yahay kaasoo ujeedadiisu ay ahayd in la dhiso maamul dowlad goboleed. Islamarkaas waxaas ku soo biiray Gobolada Sanaag iyo Sool oo kula bahoobay Maamulaka cusub Goboladii laysku oran jiray Waqooyi Bari. Shirkaas waxaa ka soo baxay bartamihii 1998, Dowlad Goboleedka Puntland, taasoo leh sadexda awoodood oo kala ah, Golaha Wakiilada oo dhan 66 Xilibaan oo lab iyo dhedigba leh, Garsoorka , iyo Golaha Xukuumada oo leh Madaxwayne iyo madaxwayne ku-xigeen. == Dhismihii== ===maamulka=== Sida uu qeexayo Xeerka 1aad,. ee axdiga ku meel-gaarka ah ee lagu dhisay Puntland. ===Hubinta=== '''Hubinta iyo controlka daawada''' Waxaa wasaarada u suurto gashey in la helo labo mashiin oo ah kuwa lagu baarey tayada daawada oo la dhigay Magaalada [[Bosaso]] (Dekada) iyo [[Garowe]]. Waxaa ay wasaaradu magacowday gudi dib u eega nidaamyada ilaalinta kontoroolka daawada. Waxa socda dib u eegista iyo hirgelinta sharciga caafimaadka ,Waxa hirgeshey in la mamnuuco ka ganacsashada daawada qaaxada ee goobaha ganacsiga ah. [[File:R.publication Somali language.jpg|thumb|380px|Daabacadaha [[Af Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]]<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/ Buugag iyo Qormo Dhigashada…]</ref>]] ==Bulshada== ===Hirgalinta=== '''hirgalinta Siyaasadda (ISKA WAX U QABSO)''' Waxa wasaaraddu si fiican ugu wacyi gelisey bulshada reer Puntland ka qeyb qaadashada caafimaadka guud Waxa ay wasaaraddu ka shaqeysay isku xirka Jaaliyada dibada ee reer Puntland si ay gacan fiican uga geystaan caafimaa ===Calanka=== Calanka Puntland midabadeeda waa [[ciraad]], cagaar iyo cadaan. Calanka Puntland waxay uu eegtahay calanka Uzbekistan iyo calanka Lesotho. == Kaabayaasha (infrastructure) == Miisaaniyadaha Degmooyinka. Markii u horaysay Wasaaradda Arrimaha Guduhu waxay ku guuleysatay inay Miisaaniyado u samayso qaar ka mid ah Degmooyinka Puntland walow aan Degmooyinka oo dhan loo samayn hadana waxaa loo sameeyey 9 Degmo o ka tirsan Degmooyinka Miisaaniyadaas oo isu dheeli tiraysa Dakhli & Khara. Waxayna ka kooban tahay Saadaasha/ Odorosida Dakhliga soo gelaya Degmooyinka ee la filayo & Kharashka ku baxaya hawlaha Degmadda taas oo sahashay in D/hoose lagula xisaabtamo Dakhliga soo galay & sida ay u kharash gareeyeen , Miisaaniyadda Degmooyinku waxay ka mid noqonayaan Dakhliga Guud ee Dowladda dhexe (GDP). ===Goobaha=== '''Liiska Degmooyinka loo sameeyey Miisaaniyadaha & Qiyaasta Kharash & Dakhli ee Degmooyinkaas''' # [[Garoowe]] 21,031,284,000 # [[Boosaaso]] 39,878,352,000 # [[Gaalkacayo]] 27,000,000,000 # [[Qardho]] 7,012,671,000 # [[Carmo]] 5,615,040,000 # [[Buurtinle]] 1,224,000,000 # [[Dangorayo]] 3,729,408,000 # [[Xarfo]] 2,400,000,000 # [[Waaciye]] 4,774,584,000 # Ufeyn 5,800,600,000 Degmadda Wadarta Guud ee Miisaaniyadda Sh.so/ ===Caafimaadka Puntland=== Waxaa si joogta u shaqeynaya oo adeegyada caafimaadka joogta bixiyey 86 xarumaha hooyada iyo dhalaan, 8 Isbitaal heer gobol, 9 Isbitaal 7 xarumaha qaaxada, 5 xarumaha barista iyo la talinta cudurka Ej-Ay-Fii Aydhiska, 10 xarun oo caafimaad dhimirka, 6 xarun quudinta nafaqda iyo 212 Baro caafimaad. Xarumahaas caafimaadka waxa ay dhamaantood ku kala yaalan dhamaan degaanada Puntland heer gobol ilaa tuulo. Guud ahaan xaalada caafimaad ee dalka waa mid degan waxaana si dhameystiran loo xakameeyey cuduraddii dilaacey 3 bilood ee la soo dhaafey Dalgaalkii galmudug ka dacay waa la gu laayey puntland markaasna puntland way jabtey. ===Kor u qaadista=== '''Kor u qaadista wadashaqeynta hayadaha''' Waxa la sameeyey nidaam wadashaqeyn hayadaha ka shaqeeya caafimaadka Puntland si wax ku ool u noqdaan mashaaricda ay nagalaa shaqeeyan Hayadaha caalamiga ah. * [[Soomaali luqadda dhegoolaha]] ==Tixraacyo== [https://en.populationdata.net/rankings/population/ "Darajooyinka - Wadamada iyo Dhulka Adduunka • PopulationData.net"] {{Wayback|url=https://en.populationdata.net/rankings/population/ |date=20210629181040 }} [https://www.dw.com/en/somalia-puntland-pulls-recognition-of-federal-government/a-68709757 "Soomaaliya: Puntland oo la baxday aqoonsiga dowladda federaalka – DW – 03/31/2024"] [https://www.tvcnews.tv/somalia-puntland-refuses-to-recognise-fg-after-disputed-constitutional-changes/ "Soomaaliya: Puntland way diiday inay aqoonsato DFS ka dib markii la isku khilaafay dastuurka] [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-04-01/puntland-to-operate-independently-from-somalia-after-law-change "Puntland waa in ay si madax banaan uga shaqeyso Soomaaliya ka dib markii sharciga la bedelo"] [https://www.jurist.org/news/2024/04/somalia-state-of-puntland-rejects-constitutional-amendments-and-withdraws-from-federal-government/ “Maamulka Soomaaliya ee Puntland waxa uu diiday in wax laga bedelo dastuurka, kana baxay dowladda federaalka”] [http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Puntland_s_Experience_in_Peace-building_and_State-building.shtml : Waaya aragnimada Puntland ee Nabadaynta iyo Dawlad-dhisidda] {{Wayback|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Puntland_s_Experience_in_Peace-building_and_State-building.shtml |date=20131017121333 }} [https://books.google.com/books?id=mUIdWpwofCcC&pg=PA102 Buug-gacmeedka Sharciga Ganacsiga Soomaaliya: Macluumaadka Istaraatiijiga ah iyo Sharciyada] [https://web.archive.org/web/20121120100415/http://www.rangeresources.com.au/fileadmin/user_upload/research_Reports/gecr_29Nov07_RangeResources_mainnote.pdf "Rage Resources: Speculative Buy at 25.5p - Qiimaha bartilmaameedka 56p"] 20kii Noofambar 2012. La soo celiyay 19 Abriil 2019.Maamul-goboleedka Soomaaliyeed ee Puntland waxa uu isu haystaa in uu yahay mid madaxbannaan tan iyo 1998-kii, iyada oo caasimad u ah Garoowe, waxana uu magacaabay gobollo leh caasimad goboleedyo la aqoonsan yahay. Maamulka Putland ee uu madaxda ka yahay Madaxweyne Cadde Muuse Xirsi ayaa ah kuwo aan si hoose u muuqan, mana raadiyaan in ay ka madax banaanaadaan dowladda KMG ah ee Soomaaliya (Muqdisho waa caasimad). Maamulka Puntland ayaa soo shaac baxay ka dib markii la riday Madaxweyne Siyaad Barre 1991. Koonfurta Soomaaliya, maxkamado Islaami ah, qabqablayaal dagaal iyo qabaa'il gobolleed ayaa isku haya awoodda iyo xukunka iyadoo Puntland ay dareemayso xasillooni siyaasadeed iyadoo hal beel oo ka tirsan Puntland ay hadda maamusho gobolka. hab-siyaasadeed ku jihaysan [https://books.google.com/books?id=l2QwAQAAIAAJ&q=puntland+harti Axdigii 1998 ee Puntland ee Soomaaliya] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120728101945/http://www.ameinfo.com/116856.html "RAK iyo Puntland oo kala saxiixday heshiisyo lagu xoojinayo iskaashiga labada dhinac | Dowladda Ras Al Khaimah"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150418222759/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/08/somaliapuntland-to-establish-new-seaports-as-part-of-the-boost-puntland-economy-campaign/ "Soomaaliya: Puntland waxay samaynaysaa dekedo cusub oo qayb ka ah ololaha "Kobcinta dhaqaalaha Puntland"] [http://www.dxing.info/news/2013_04.dx "Idaacadda Puntland ee Soomaaliya oo tijaabisay 13800 kHz mowjadaha gaaban"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150321103106/http://somali-media.so/media-directory/radio/ "Khariidadda Warbaahinta Soomaaliyeed – Xarumaha Idaacadaha"] [https://www.datanyze.com/companies/puntland-post/353771459 "Puntland Post Company Profile | Liiska Maamulka iyo Shaqaalaha"] [https://www.datanyze.com/companies/puntland-post/353771459 "Puntland Post Company Profile | Liiska Maamulka iyo Shaqaalaha"] [https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-38621292 "Horyaalka koobaad ee Puntland oo wareegii labaad galay"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [http://mopicplgov.net/ Wasaaradda Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah ee Puntland] {{Wayback|url=http://mopicplgov.net/ |date=20131015053122 }} ayaa 15 October 2013 [http://pl.statistics.so/the-somali-health-demographic-survey-2020/#:~:text=01%20May%20The%20Somali%20Health%20%26%20Demographic%20Survey%202020&text=The%20Somali%20Health%20and%20Demographic,urban%2C%20rural%20and%20nomadic%20households. Waaxda Tirakoobka Puntland] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210629001940/http://pl.statistics.so/the-somali-health-demographic-survey-2020/ waxaa lagu kaydiyay] 29 June 2021 [https://www.polgeonow.com/2021/02/somalia-control-map-2021.html?m=1 Khariidadda Xakamaynta Soomaaliya] odborf2sfffh0myadrjam8hsurmfa6g 0 3679 300887 299897 2026-07-06T14:17:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ Cusboonaysiiyay 300887 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Soomaaliya]] waxa ay [[Qaramada Midoobay]] ku tilmaantay dalka ugu horumarsan , iyadoo inta badan dadkeedu ay noloshoodu ku tiirsan tahay beeraha iyo xoolaha. Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya waa $14.17 bilyan marka loo eego wax soo saarka guud ee gudaha marka la eego sanadka 2026. 1994tii, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay sinnaanta awoodda wax iibsiga in ku dhow $3.3 bilyan. Sannadkii 2001, waxa lagu qiyaasay inay dhan tahay $4.1 bilyan. Sannadkii 2009, CIA waxay ku qiyaastay inay kor u kacday $ 5.731 bilyan, iyada oo la saadaaliyay heerka kobaca dhabta ah ee 2.6%. Sannadkii 2014, Sanduuqa Lacagta Adduunka ee IMF ayaa ku qiyaasay dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaalaha inuu kordhay 3.7% ugu horreyn. Balaadhintan waxa horseed ka ahaa kobaca qaybaha aasaasiga ah iyo qaybta sare . Sida laga soo xigtay warbixintii Rugta Ganacsiga ee Ingiriiska 2007 , qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay waxay la kulmeen kobac, gaar ahaan qaybta adeegga. Si ka duwan xilligii dagaalka sokeeye ka hor, oo inta badan adeegyada iyo qaybta warshadaha ay ahaayeen kuwo ay dowladdu maamusho, waxaa jiray maalgashi la taaban karo, inkastoo aan la qiyaasi karin, oo gaar loo leeyahay oo lagu sameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqyo ganacsi. Maalgelintan waxaa inta badan maalgeliyay qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed , waxaana ka mid ah ganacsiga iyo suuqgeynta, adeegyada xawilaadaha , gaadiidka, isgaarsiinta, qalabka kalluumeysiga, shirkadaha diyaaradaha, isgaarsiinta, waxbarashada, caafimaadka, dhismaha iyo hoteellada. {{Infobox dhaqaalaha |country = Soomaaliya |image =Central_Bank_of_Somalia,_Mogadishu.png |caption = |currency = [[Shilin Soomaali]] ([[Shilin Soomaali|SOS]]) |fixed exchange = |year = |organs = [[Midowga afrika|AU]], [[CEN-SAD]], [[IGAD]] |gdp ={{plainlist| *{{increase}} $14.17 bilyan (magac ahaan, 2026)<ref name="IMFWEOSO">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/SOM |title=IMF DataMapper: Somalia |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=6 July 2026}}</ref> *{{increase}} $34.11 bilyan (PPP, 2026)<ref name="IMFWEOSO"/>}} | growth = {{plainlist| *3.7%&nbsp;(2024)<ref name="IMFWEOSO"/>}} | per capita = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} $813 (magac ahaan; 2026 qiyaas.) *{{increase}} $1,960 (PPP; 2026 qiyaas.)}} | per capita growth = 0.5%&nbsp;(2024)<ref name="World Bank">{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG|title = GDP per capita growth (annual %), World Bank Group, accessed June 2026}}</ref> |growth = 3.7% (2024) 2.8% (2018) 2.9% (2019e) 3.2% (2020e) |per capita = {{plainlist| *{{increase}} $813 (magac ahaan; 2026 qiyaas.) *{{increase}} $1,960 (PPP; 2026 qiyaas.)}} | per capita growth = 0.5%&nbsp;(2024)<ref name="World Bank">{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG|title = GDP per capita growth (annual %), World Bank Group, accessed June 2026}}</ref> |components = |sectors = [[Beeraha]] (40.2%), [[Warshadaha]] (27.4%), Adeegyada (32.5%) (2013) |inflation =1.5% (2017 ) |poverty =63% qaddar) |gini = |labor = {{increase}} 3,924,554 (2019) |occupations = [[Beeraha]] ( 60.2%), [[Warshadaha]] (7.4%) iyo Adeegyada 32.5% (2013) |unemployment ={{increaseNegative}} 11.4% (2019) |industries = [[Sonkor]], [[Dharka]], [[xoolo|xoolaha]], [[xawilaad]], [[isgaarsiinta]] |exports = {{increase}} 214 milyan (sanadka 2022.) |export-goods = [[Xoolo|Xoolaha]], [[Moos]], [[Maqaar]], [[Malaay|Kaluun]], [[Dhuxul]], Biraha duugga |export-partners = [[Itoobiya]] 29.7%; [[Faransiiska]] 16.3%; [[Kenya]] 5.2%; [[Imaaraadka Carabta|UAE]] 5.1%; [[Yemen]] 4.1% (2017) |imports = {{increase}} $1.443 bilyan (sanadka 2022.) |import-goods = [[Farsamo]] wax soo-saar, [[Shidaal]] wax soo saar, [[Cunto]], Qalabka dhismaha |import-partners = [[Itoobiya]] 17.6%; [[Suudaan]] 17.2%; [[Indonesia]] 6.9% [[Ruushka]] 5.3%; [[Turkiga]] 4.1% (2017) |gross external debt = $1.4 bilyan. <ref> [https://mof.gov.so/sites/default/files/Publications/QUARTERLY%20PUBLIC%20DEBT%20BULLETINS%20%28QUARTER%202%2C%202025%29.pdf?utm_source= Deynta guud ee Soomaaliya 2025]</ref> |FDI = |debt = |revenue = |expenses ={{increase}} 1 bilyan (2022) |aid = |credit = |reserves =23 Milyan (2022) |cianame = so |spelling = }} Sida laga soo xigtay Barnaamijka Horumarinta ee Qaramada Midoobay (UNDP) Soomaaliya, laga soo bilaabo 2012 , waddanku wuxuu lahaa qaar ka mid ah tilmaamayaasha horumarka ugu hooseeya adduunka, iyo Heerka Horumarinta Aadanaha ee "aad u hooseeya" (HDI) oo qiimahiisu ahaa 0.285. Tani waxay ka mid noqon doontaa kuwa ugu hooseeya adduunka haddii la heli karo xog la mid ah, iyo marka la isku hagaajiyo sinnaan la'aanta weyn ee ka jirta Soomaaliya, HDI-ga ayaa xitaa ka hooseeya. UNDP waxay xustay in "sinnaan la'aanta kooxaha bulshada ee kala duwan, oo ah sababta ugu weyn ee colaadda, ay sii ballaaranaysay". Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu ka kooban yahay wax-soo-saar dhaqameed iyo mid casri ah, iyadoo si tartiib-tartiib ah loogu guurayo farsamooyin casri ah oo warshadeed. Sida uu sheegay Bankiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya, qiyaastii 80% dadku waa xoolo dhaqato reer guuraa ah ama reer guuraa ah, kuwaas oo dhaqda ariga , idaha , geela iyo lo'da . Reer guuraagu waxa kale oo ay soo ururiyaan resins iyo xabag si ay u kabaan dakhligooda. Sida laga soo xigtay Bankiga Adduunka, dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya waxaa soo gaaray burbur xooggan oo ka dhashay burburkii dowladnimo ee la socday dagaalladii sokeeye ee dalka ka dhacay. Qaar ka mid ah dhaqaalayahannada, oo uu ku jiro libertarian Peter T. Leeson , ayaa taa beddelkeeda ku dooday in burburkii dawladnimo uu runtii gacan ka geystay hagaajinta daryeelka dhaqaalaha, sababtoo ah dawladdii hore ee Soomaaliya waxay ahayd mid ugaadh ah. ==Tilmaamayaasha dhaqaalaha== Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika , Soomaaliya "waxaa lagu sifeeyay la'aan ba'an oo la'aanta aasaasiga ah ee dhaqaalaha iyo tirakoobka bulshada". Xaaladdan waxaa uga sii daray dagaalladii sokeeye iyo burburkii hay'adaha, in kasta oo xitaa ka hor fashilka dawladnimada Soomaaliya, xogtu waxay ahayd mid aan la isku halayn karin. Bangiga Adduunka ayaa sheegay in GDP-ga Soomaaliya uu ahaa $917.0 milyan sannadkii 1990-kii, tirada guud ee dadka ku noolna ay ahayd 13.42 milyan sannadkii 2014-kii, iyadoo tan iyo xilligaas ay gaartay 15 milyan illaa 2018, taasoo ka dhigan in ku dhawaad ​​12% ay korortay tirada guud ee dadkeeda tan iyo xilligaas. Sannadkii 2018 baanka adduunku wuxuu ku qiyaasay GDP-ga sanadlaha ah $6.2 bilyan, oo la mid ah Guam iyo Jamhuuriyadda Kyrgyzstan , oo u kala saaraya waddan dakhligoodu hooseeyo. Qaybta Tirakoobka Qaramada Midoobay waxay soo warisay tirada GDP ee $ 1.306 ee 2012, marka la barbar dhigo $ 2.316 bilyan 2005 iyo $ 1.071 bilyan 2010. Sida laga soo xigtay Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, xilli sannadihii 2000-meeyadii GDP qofkiiba dalka marka loo eego Bangiga Adduunka wuxuu ahaa $230, wax yar ayaa hoos u dhac ku yimid marka la eego 1990 . Tirada GDP-ga qofkiiba waa kan afaraad ee ugu hooseeya adduunka. Qiyaastii 43% dadku waxay ku nool yihiin wax ka yar 1 doolarka Maraykanka ah maalintii, iyadoo ku dhawaad ​​24% kuwa laga helo magaalooyinka iyo 54% ay ku nool yihiin miyiga. Sida laga soo xigtay Hay’adda Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan Horumarinta ee (UNDP) Soomaaliya, laga bilaabo 2012-kiiwaddanku wuxuu lahaa qaar ka mid ah tilmaamayaasha horumarka ugu hooseeya adduunka, iyo "aad u hooseeya" Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha (HDI) oo qiimaheedu ahaa 0.285. Tani waxay ka mid noqon doontaa kuwa ugu hooseeya adduunka haddii la heli karo xog la mid ah, iyo marka la isku hagaajiyo sinnaan la'aanta weyn ee ka jirta Soomaaliya, HDI-ga ayaa xitaa ka hooseeya. UNDP waxay xustay in "sinnaan la'aanta kooxaha bulshada ee kala duwan, oo ah sababta ugu weyn ee colaadda, ay sii ballaaranaysay". Qaramada Midoobay waxay Soomaaliya ku tilmaantay dalka ugu horumarsan tan iyo markii guddigeeda siyaasadda horumarinta ay bilaabeen inay habkan u kala qaybiyaan dowlad goboleedyada 1971-kii. Hawlgalka Sanduuqa Lacagta Adduunka ee IMF ee Soomaaliya ayaa ku qiyaasay kororka GDP 3.7% 2014 iyo CPI ee sicir-bararka -71.10%. Warbixintu waxay xustay in haddii xaaladda ammaan ee Soomaaliya ay si dhexdhexaad ah u soo hagaagayso oo aanay abaari jirin, kobaca dhaqaale ee xilliga dhexe waa in uu ahaadaa 5% celcelis ahaan, laakiin "koritaanka wuxuu ahaan doonaa mid aan ku filnayn in lagu saxo faqriga iyo farqiga jinsiga". Qiyaastii 73% dadka Soomaaliya waxay ku nool yihiin meel ka hoosaysa heerka faqriga sanadka 2016. ==Fashil dawladeed iyo daryeel dhaqaale== Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Adduunka, laba sano gudahood markii uu qarxay dagaalka sokeeye 1988, waxaa burburay hay’adihii dawliga ahaa ee Soomaaliya “waxaa la burburiyey inta badan kaabayaashii dhaqaalaha iyo bulshada iyo hantidii”. Sannadkii 2003-dii waxa uu Bangigu sheegay in inkasta oo ay maqan yihiin dawlad iyo hay’adihii ay lahayd, haddana ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay ee Soomaaliya waxa uu soo maray kobac aad u wanaagsan, balse “in badan oo ka mid ah waaxyahaasi waxa ay noqdeen kuwo fadhiid ah ama korriimadooda ay caqabad ku yihiin maalgashi la’aan, shaqaale tababaran iyo maqnaanshaha sharci iyo nidaam sharci oo khuseeya dhaqangelinta shuruucda iyo xeerarka, halbeegyada guud iyo ilaalinta tayada”. Warbixintu waxay xustay in ay adagtahay dhiirigelinta iyo u adeegsiga kaydka gudaha ee maalgashiga, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay la'aanta adeegyada maaliyadeed ee rasmiga ah iyo hay'adaha sharciyaynta. La'aanta hay'adaha dawliga ah, ayuu Baanku ku doodayaa, waxay keentay in laga hortago gelitaanka suuqyada raasamaalka ee caalamiga ah. Maqaal la daabacay 2007-dii, dhaqaale-yahanka xorta ah ee Peter T. Leeson waxa uu ku dooday in qarankii Soomaaliya uu ahaa mid ugaadh ah, burburkiisuna uu wanaajiyay daryeelka dhaqaale ee muwaadiniintiisa, 14 ka mid ah 18-kii calaamadood ee horumarka ayaa aad uga wanaagsan muddadii 2000-2005 marka loo eego 1985-1990. Sidoo kale, dhaqaaleyahannada Benjamin Powell, Ryan Ford iyo Alex Nowrasteh ayaa ku doodaya in wax-qabadka dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya, marka loo eego dawladaha kale ee Afrika, uu soo hagaagay muddadii dawlad la'aanta. Ersun Kurtulus waxa ay sheegtay in maqaallada Leeson iyo Powell, Ford iyo Nowrasteh ay bixinayaan "caddaynta ugu cad cad ee muujinaysa in Soomaaliya ay si aad ah uga wanagsan tahay dawlad la'aantu marka loo eego sidii ay ku dhacday taliskii Barre". Kurtulus waxa uu ku doodayaa in qorayaashani ay sharraxaad sax ah ka bixin karaan xaaladda Soomaaliya, laakiin “ dooddu waxay u muuqataa in laga soo minguuriyay mala-awaal ku salaysan fikradda xorta ah ee dawladnimada halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen falanqayn tiro-koob ah oo soo saarta xidhiidh taban oo ka dhexeeya tilmaamayaasha ugaadhsiga dawladnimo iyo kuwa daryeelka dhaqaalaha iyo bulshada”. Kurtulus waxa uu soo jeedinayaa in burburka dawlad cabudhinta ahi ay wanaajin karto xoriyada shakhsiga ah iyo mida madaniga ah, laakiin xisaabtan oo kale “ay si xad dhaaf ah u xoojinaysa arrimo ku abtirsada saaxadda gudaha, iyada oo la dayacay arrimaha dibadda ee ka shaqeeya heer gobol iyo heer caalami”. ==Beeraha== [[File:Laasqoray30.jpg|thumb|gasacadaha kalluunka Tuna ee Laas-qoray oo lagu sameeyay Laascaanood .]] Beeruhu waa qaybta dhaqaalaha ugu muhiimsan. Waxay ka dhigan tahay qiyaastii 65% GDP waxayna shaqaaleysiisaa 65% xoogga shaqada. Xooluhu waxay ka qaybqaataan qiyaastii 40% GDP iyo in ka badan 50% dakhliga dhoofinta. dhoofinta ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah kalluunka , dhuxusha iyo muuska ; Sonkorta , hadhuudhka iyo galleyda waa wax soo saarka suuqa gudaha. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, badeecadaha la soo dejiyo waxay dhan yihiin $ 460 milyan sannadkii, waxayna soo kabsadeen oo xitaa dhaafeen wadarta guud ee la soo dejiyo ka hor bilowgii dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991. Dhoofinta, oo dhan $ 270 milyan sannadkii, ayaa sidoo kale kor u dhaaftay wadarta guud ee heerka dhoofinta wadarta guud ee dagaalka ka hor, laakiin weli waxay keenaysaa xisaab ganacsi oo ku saabsan $100 milyan sanadkii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hoos u dhacan ganacsi ayaa aad uga badan xawaaladaha Soomaalida qurbaha ku nool ay soo diraan, taasoo gacan ka geysatay joogteynta heerka soo dejinta. Iyada oo laga faa'ideysanayo in ay ku yaalliin meel u dhow Jasiiradda Carabta , ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ayaa si isa soo taraysa u billaabay in ay ka hor yimaadaan dhaqanka Australia ee ku aaddan suuqa xoolaha iyo hilibka Carabta Gacanka Faaris, iyaga oo siinaya xoolo tayo leh qiimo aad u jaban. Iyaga oo ka jawaabaya, wadamada Gacanka Carbeed ee Faaris waxa ay bilaabeen in ay maalgashi istiraatijiyad ah ku sameeyaan gobolka, iyada oo Sucuudigu dhisay kaabeyaasha Dhoofinta Xoolaha, Imaaraadkuna waxa uu iibsanayaa dhul beereedyo waaweyn. Intaa waxaa dheer, maraakiib kalluumaysi oo ka yimid Yurub iyo Aasiya waxay heshiisyo kalluumaysi ganacsi ku gaadheen waqooyiga gobolka Puntland . Iyadoo Soomaaliya ay dhoofisay 3 milyan oo ido ah sanadkii 2012, waxa ay si toos ah u dhoofin jirtay bariga dhexe waxa ay dhaaftay 2 milyan oo neef oo Australiya ah . Sida laga soo xigtay Xafiiska Dhaqaalaha iyo Sayniska ee Beeraha iyo Kheyraadka ee Australia , 99% dhoofka xoolaha ee dalka ayaa ku wajahan Bariga Dhexe. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tan iyo 2006, waxaa jiray 10% hoos u dhac "sababtoo ah tartanka suuqyada dhoofinta ee sii kordhaya ee dhoofinta idaha ee Afrika iyo bariga Yurub". In ka badan 5 milyan oo xoolo ah ayaa la dhoofiyay 2014, tirada ugu badan ee 20 sano ah. Dalka aynu jaarka nahay ee Somaliland waxa kale oo ku yaalla suuqyada xoolaha nool ee Soomaalidu u taqaan Seylad ee Geeska Afrika , waxaana suuqyada Burco iyo Yiroowe lagu iibiyaa xoolo gaadhaya 10,000 oo neef oo ari ah maalin kasta , kuwaas oo intooda badan laga soo raro dalalka Khaliijka oo loo sii mariyo dekedda Berbera . Suuqyada waxaa lagu daweeyaa xoolaha ka yimaada Geeska Afrika oo dhan. Beeyada iyo malmalku waa badeecado muhiim u ah Soomaaliya oo loo dhoofiyo. Itoobiya iyo Kenya, oo ay weheliyaan Soomaaliya waa mid ka mid ah saddexda waddan ee ugu badan ee keena alaabooyinkan. ==Wax-soo-saarka== [[File:MogadishuCoke.jpg|thumb|Warshada dhalada Coca-cola ee Muqdisho]] Qaybta warshadaha ee dhexdhexaadka ah , oo ku salaysan habaynta wax soo saarka beeraha, ayaa 10% ka ah GDP-ga Soomaaliya. Kahor inta uusan dillaacin dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991, qiyaastii 53 shirkadood oo yar yar, dhexe iyo waaweyn oo wax soo saar ah oo ay dowladdu leedahay ayaa aasaasay, iyada oo iskahorimaadkii xigay uu burburiyay qaar badan oo ka mid ah warshadaha soo haray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu horrayn natiijada maalgashi maxalli ah oo la taaban karo oo ay sameeyeen qurba-joogta Soomaaliyeed , qaar badan oo ka mid ah dhirtan yar yar ayaa dib loo furay kuwa cusubna waa la abuuray. Kuwa dambe waxaa ka mid ah warshado lagu qasaaco kalluunka iyo hilibka oo ku yaal waqooyiga, iyo sidoo kale ilaa 25 warshadood oo ku yaal agagaarka Muqdisho, kuwaas oo soo saara baastada , biyaha macdanta , macmacaanka , bacaha , dharka , hargaha iyo hargaha, saabuunta iyo saabuunta , aluminium , furaashyo xumbo iyo barkimo , doonyo kalluumeysi , samaynta baakadaha, iyo samaynta baakadaha . Sannadkii 2001dii, maalgelinta wax-soo-saarka fudud ayaa ku fiday Boosaaso , Hargeysa iyo Muqdisho , gaar ahaan, taasoo muujinaysa kalsoonida ganacsi ee sii kordhaysa ee dhaqaalaha. Si taas loo gaaro, sanadkii 2004, waxaa Muqdisho laga furay warshad lagu shubo Coca-cola oo dhan $8.3 milyan, iyadoo maalgashadayaasha ay ka kala yimaadeen degaanno kala duwan oo Soomaaliya ka tirsan. Qaybo kale duwan ayaa sidoo kale soo jiitay maalgashi shisheeye sida General Motors iyo Dole Fruits . ==Warshadaha diyaaradaha== [[File:Jubba_Airways_Airbus_A321_(F-GYAN)_at_Mogadishu_Airport.jpg|thumb|Diyaaradda Jubba Airways ee Muqdisho .]] Bilawgii dagaalkii sokeeye ka dib, dhammaan hawlihii Somali Airlines waxa si rasmi ah loo hakiyey 1991 . Waxaa ka mid ahaa Daallo Airlines , Jubba Airways , African Express Airways , Bariga Afrika 540, Central Air iyo Hajara. Daallo iyo Jubba waxay ku midoobeen Isbahaysiga Hawada Afrika 2015. Inkastoo la sheegay in loo diyaar garoobayo dib u howlgelinta Somali Airlines sannadihii 2012 iyo 2013, Warbixin Al Carabiya oo ka hadlaysa isku darka Daallo Airlines iyo Jubba Airways bishii Febraayo 2015 ayaa lagu sheegay inaysan jirin shirkad sidday calanka Soomaaliya oo rasmi ah kaddib markii ay burburtay Somali Airlines 1991-kii. ==Dhismaha== Natiijadii ka soo baxday xaaladda ammaan ee Muqdisho, ayaa waaxda sirdoonka dhaqaalaha ee 2015 waxa ay sheegtay in dhismo kaabayaal cusub iyo dayactir lagu samaynayo guryo filo ah oo markii hore laga tagay ay ka socdaan magaalada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Buugga Xaqiiqada Adduunka ee Hay’adda Sirdoonka Dhexe ayaa lagu sheegay in horumarku aanu ku fidin qaybaha kale ee Soomaaliya, isla markaana uu ammaanku walaac weyn ku yahay ganacsiga Muqdisho. ==Isgaarsiinta iyo warbaahinta== [[File:Hormuud.jpg|thumb|Dhismaha Hormuud Telecom ee Muqdisho]] Nidaamkii isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya ayaa ku burburay dagaalladii dhacay 1991. Sannadkii 2010-kii shirkado isgaarsiineed oo kala duwan ayaa bixinayey kaabayaashan maqan. Waxaa maalgeliyay hal-abuuro ganacsi oo Soomaali ah waxaana taageeray khabiiro ka socda Jamhuuriyadda Shacbiga Shiinaha , Japan , EU iyo Kuuriya . Shirkadahan isgaarsiineed ee curdinka ah waxay bixiyaan adeegyo talefan gacanta iyo internetka oo jaban oo aan laga heli karin meelo badan oo qaarada ah. Macaamiisha waxay samayn karaan xawaaladaha lacagaha iyo hawlaha kale ee bangiyada iyagoo isticmaalaya telefoonada gacanta , iyo sidoo kale si fudud u helaan internet wireless. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, howlgallada shirkadaha ayaa waxaa caqabad ku noqday dagaalka sii socda. Sannadkii 2004tii, wakhtiga rakibidda talefanka guryaha waxay ahayd saddex maalmood, halka Kenya dhanka koonfureed ka xigtana, liisaska sugitaanku ay dheeraayeen sannado badan. Wareysi lala yeeshay 2004-tii, shirkadaha isgaarsiintu waxay ahaayeen kuwo " quus ah" si ay u helaan dowlad waxtar leh: "wax walbaa waxay ka bilowdaan amniga." Hadda waxa jira ku dhawaad ​​25 khadadka waaweyn 1,000kii qofba, iyo helitaanka gudaha ee khadadka taleefoonada ( tele-density ) way ka sarraysaa wadamada deriska ah; saddex jeer ka badan Itoobiya dariska la ah . Shirkadaha Isgaarsiinta Soomaaliyeed ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah Golis Telecom Group , Hormuud Telecom , Somafone , Nationlink , Netco , Telcom iyo Somali Telecom Group . Shirkadda Hormuud Telecom oo kaliya ayaa sanadkii soo xareeysa ilaa 40 milyan oo dollar. Si loo yareeyo cadaadiska tartanka, saddex ka mid ah shirkadahan ayaa saxiixay heshiis isku xirnaan 2005 kaas oo u oggolaanaya inay dejiyaan qiimaha oo ay ballaariyaan shabakadahooda. Warbixin la soo saaray sanadkii 2010-kii ayaa lagu sheegay in ballaarinta warshadaha isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya ay keentay mid ka mid ah calaamadaha cad ee muujinaya in dhaqaalaha dalka uu kobcayo. Laga soo bilaabo 2015, waxaa sidoo kale jiray 20 wargeys oo si gaar ah loo leeyahay , 10 idaacadood iyo telefishan , iyo goobo internet oo badan oo dadweynaha siinayay macluumaad. ==Maaliyadda== [[File:Somalia_(Somaliland)(023).jpg|thumb|Bangiga Dahabshiil ee Hargeysa]] Bangiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya waa maamulka rasmiga ah ee lacagta Soomaaliya. Xagga maamulka maaliyadda, waxa ay ku guda jirtaa hawsha dejinta iyo hirgelinta siyaasadda lacagta . Sannadkii 2013-kii Bankiga Horumarinta Afrika wuxuu qiimeeyay in Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya uu "naafo ka yahay la'aanta dhaqaale ku filan oo dad, qalab iyo maaliyadeed", laakiin wuxuu awood u yeelan karaa inuu yareeyo heerka sicir-bararka marka uu la wareego xakamaynta siyaasadda lacagta oo uu soo saaro lacag cusub. Wakhtigan waxa kale oo ay Somaliland lahayd baanka dhexe, inkasta oo doorkiisa ugu weyn uu ahaa in uu u noqdo khasnad dawladeed iyo daabacaadda lacagta. Kalsooni darada lagu qabo lacagta dalka ayaa keentay in sarifka lacagaha doolarka ah si weyn loo aqbalo marka la barbar dhigo lacagta shilinka Soomaaliga ah . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, lacagta shilinka Soomaaliga oo aad loo soo daabici jiray ayaa sababtay sicir barar. Bangiga dhexe ayaa sheegay in uu soo afjari doono jawiga sicir bararka marka uu si buuxda ula wareego siyaasadda lacagta oo uu beddelo lacagta hadda wareegaysa ee ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay. Soomaaliya ma lahayn wax awood lacageed oo dhexe ah in ka badan 15 sano intii u dhaxaysay dagaalkii sokeeye ee qarxay 1991 iyo dib-u-soo-celinta Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya 2009. Xawaaladaha Bangiyada iyo Bangiyada ma suurtowdo, taasoo keentay inay kor u kacaan xawaaladaha gaarka ah (MTO) oo u dhaqmay sidii shabakado bangi oo aan rasmi ahayn. Xawaaladahan ( xawaaladaha ) ayaa noqday warshado waaweyn oo Soomaaliya ka jira, waxaana lagu qiyaasaa US$1.6 bilyan in ay sanad walba gobolka u soo xawilaan dadka Soomaaliyeed ee qurbaha ku nool oo ay u soo marsiiyaan shirkadaha xawaaladaha. Kuwa dambe waxaa ka mid ah Dahabshiil, Qaran Express, Mustaqbal, Amal Express, Kaah Express, Hodan Global, Olympic, Amana Express, Iftin Express iyo Tawakal Express. Inta badan waxa ay xubno ka yihiin ururka xawaaladaha Soomaaliyeed ee SOMTA, oo ah dallad maamusha xawaaladaha bulshada, ama midkii ka horeeyay ee loo yaqaano Somali Financial Services Association (SFSA). Soomaaliya ayaa ah dalka afaraad ee ugu badan adduunka ee ku tiirsan xawaaladaha. Inta badan xawaaladaha waxaa soo dira Soomaalida degan dalka dibadiisa oo ay u soo diraan qaraabadooda ku sugan Soomaaliya. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay 20%-50% dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya. [[File:Somshil5r.jpg|thumb|Lacag 500 oo shilin Soomaali ah]] Dahabshiil waa tan ugu weyn xawaaladaha Soomaalida (MTO), iyadoo la wareegtay inta badan suuqii ay banneysay Al-Barakaat . Shirkaddu waxay xarunteedu tahay London waxayna ka shaqeeyaan in ka badan 2000 oo qof oo ku kala baahsan 144 waddan, oo 130 laamood ku leh Boqortooyada Ingiriiska oo keliya, 130 laamood oo kale oo Soomaaliya ah, iyo 400 oo laamood oo caalami ah, oo uu ku jiro mid ku yaal Dubai . Shirkaddu waxay siisaa adeegyo maaliyadeed oo kala duwan oo ay siiso hay'adaha caalamiga ah, iyo sidoo kale ganacsiyada waaweyn iyo kuwa yaryar iyo kuwa gaarka ah labadaba. Dahabshiil ka dib, Qaran Express waa shirkadda ugu weyn ee xawila lacagaha ee Soomaalidu leedahay. Shirkaddu waxay xarunteedu tahay London iyo Dubai labadaba, waxayna ku leedahay 175 wakiil oo adduunka oo dhan ah, 66 wakiil oo Soomaaliya ah iyo 64 wakiil oo London ah, wax lacag ahna kama soo qaado lacagaha samafalka ah . Mustaqbal waa MTO-ga saddexaad ee ugu caansan Soomaalida, waxaana 8 wakiil ka ah Soomaaliya iyo 49 wakiil oo jooga UK. Si la mid ah Dahabshiil iyo Qaran Express, waxa ay sidoo kale leedahay goob caan ah oo caalami ah. Iyadoo Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya ee dib loo dhisay uu si buuxda ula wareegayo mas’uuliyadiisa siyaasadda lacagta ayaa waxaa la filayaa in qaar ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha ee jira ay mustaqbalka dhow u raadiyaan shatiyo si ay u noqdaan bangi ganacsi oo dhameystiran. Tani waxay u adeegi doontaa in la ballaariyo nidaamka lacag-bixinta qaranka si loogu daro jeegaga rasmiga ah, taas oo iyaduna la filayo inay sii xoojiso waxtarka isticmaalka siyaasadda lacagta ee maaraynta dhaqaalaha gudaha . Horumar la taaban karo oo laga gaaray amniga gudaha, qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed waxay bilaabeen inay dalka ugu soo laabtaan fursado maalgashi. Marka lagu daro maal-gashi yar oo shisheeye ah, dhaqaalaha soo gala ayaa ka caawiyay shilinka Soomaaliga inuu si aad ah u kordho qiimihiisu. Bishii Maarso 2014, lacagtu waxay qiimaysay ku dhawaad ​​60% marka loo eego dollarka Maraykanka 12 bilood ee la soo dhaafay. Shilinka Soomaaliga ayaa ahaa kan ugu xooggan 175-ka lacag ee caalamka ee ay iibgeyso Bloomberg , taasoo kor ugu kacday ku dhawaad ​​50-dhibcood marka loo eego lacagta soo socota ee ugu xoogga badan isla muddadaas. ==Sarrifka saamiyada== Sarrifka saamiyada Soomaaliya (SSE) waa deymaha qaranka Soomaaliya. Waxaa la aas aasay sanadkii 2012-kii, waxaana aasaasay diblomaasiga Soomaaliyeed Idd Mohamed , Safiirka aan caadiga ahayn iyo ku xigeenka wakiilka joogtada ah ee Qaramada Midoobay. Dallada SSE waxaa loo aas aasay inay soo jiidato maal-gashi ay ka helaan shirkado ay Soomaalidu leedahay iyo shirkado caalami ah si loo dar-dar geliyo dib u dhiska dalka Soomaaliya ka dib colaadaha.  Bishii Agoosto 2012, SSE waxay heshiis is-afgarad ah la saxeexatay Isweydaarsiga Securities Exchange (NSE) si uu uga caawiyo horumarinta farsamada. Heshiiska waxaa ka mid ah in la aqoonsado khibradda iyo taageerada ku habboon.  Shukuk bonds oo waafaqsan shareecada iyo sinnaanta xalaasha ah ayaa sidoo kale loo arkaa inay qayb ka tahay heshiiska iyadoo suuqa saamiyada Soomaaliya ee curdanka ah uu horumarayo.  Laga bilaabo Noofambar 2014, Sarifka saamiyada Soomaaliya waxay xafiisyo maamul ka dhisteen Muqdisho , Kismaayo iyo xarumaha kale ee magaalooyinka Soomaaliya. Boorsada ayaa lagu wadaa inay si rasmi ah u furto sanadka 2015. Horaantii, todoba shirkadood oo ay Soomaalidu leedahay oo ka kala socda adeegyada maaliyadda, isgaarsiinta iyo gaadiidka ayaa la filayaa inay ku taxaan saamigooda si ay maalgashi caalami ah ugu sameeyaan. ==Khayraadka Dabiiciga ah== [[File:Puntland_oil.png|thumb|Shidaalkii Puntland]] Soomaaliya waxa ay leedahay kayd kheyraad badan oo dabiici ah oo aan weli laga faa’iidaysan, waxaana ka mid ah uranium , iron ore , tin , gypsum , bauxite , copper , cusbo iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah . Australian iyo shirkadaha Shiineeska ee Shiineeska ah ayaa la siiyay shati ay ku heli karaan batroolka iyo kheyraadka kale ee dabiiciga ah ee dalka. Koox shidaal oo ku taxan Sydney , Range Resources , ayaa saadaalinaysa in gobolka Puntland ee waqooyiga uu awood u leeyahay inuu soo saaro 5 bilyan oo fuusto (790 × 10) .6 m 3 ) ilaa 10 bilyan fuusto (1.6 × 109 m 3 ) saliid. Horumarradaas dartood, Shirkadda Shidaalka Soomaaliyeed waxaa abuurtey dowladda federaalka. Dabayaaqadii 1960-aadkii, khubarada juqraafi ee Qaramada Midoobay waxa ay sidoo kale heleen kaydka Yuraaniyaamka iyo kaydka macdanta ee naadirka ah ee Soomaaliya. Helitaanka ayaa ahayd tii ugu waynayd ee nooceeda ah, iyada oo khubarada warshaduhu ay ku qiyaaseen kaydka in ka badan 25% kaydka uranium-ka adduunka ee wakhtigaas loo yaqaanay oo dhan 800,000 oo tan. 1984kii, Hawlgalka Wajiga Hanuuninta IUREP ee Soomaaliya waxa uu sheegay in wadanku lahaa 5,000 tan oo yuraaniyam ah oo si macquul ah loo dammaanad qaaday (RAR), 11,000 tan oo yuraaniyam lagu qiyaasay khayraad dheeraad ah (EAR) oo kayd ah , iyo sidoo kale ilaa 150,000 oo ciid ah kaydka calcrete. Soomaaliya waxay isku mar u xuubsiibatay soo saarista uranium-ka adduunka ugu weyn, iyadoo shirkado macdano ah oo Maraykan ah, UAE, Talyaani iyo Brazil ay ku tartamayaan xuquuq soo saarista. Isku xidhka Khayraadka Dabiiciga ahi waxa ay saami ku leeyihiin khayraadka dabiiciga ah ee gobolada dhexe, Kilimanjaro Capital waxa ay saami ku leedahay 1,161,400 acres Amsas-Coriole-Afgoi (ACA) Block, oo ay ku jirto sahaminta uranium-ka. Ka sokow uranium-ka, xad aan la cayimin oo yttrium ah , curiye dhul dhif ah iyo macdan qaali ah, ayaa sidoo kale laga helay dalka. ==Tamarta== Bartamihii 2010-kii, ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed waxay ballan-qaadeen in shanta sano ee soo socota ay hal bilyan oo doollar ku maalgelinayaan warshadaha gaaska iyo korontada qaranka. C/laahi Xuseen, oo ah Agaasimaha Shirkadda Korontada iyo Gaaska Warshadaha ee hadda la sameeyay , ayaa saadaaliyay in istaraatiijiyada maalgashiga ay abuuri doonto 100,000 oo shaqo. Shirkaddan cusub ayaa lagu aasaasay isku-dhafka shan shirkadood oo Soomaali ah oo ka kala socda dhinacyada ganacsiga, maaliyadda , amniga , iyo isgaarsiinta . Wajigii koowaad ee mashruucan ayaa billowday muddo lix bilood gudahood ah markii la aasaasay shirkadda, waxaana lagu tababaray dhalinyaro si ay koronto u gaarsiiyaan dhinacyada dhaqaalaha iyo bulshada. Wajigii labaad waxa uu bilaabmay badhtamihii ilaa dabayaaqadii 2011-kii, waxaana la arkayay dhismaha warshado laga dhisayo goobo dhaqaale oo si gaar ah loogu qoondeeyay kalluumaysiga, beeraha, xoolaha iyo warshadaha macdanta. Sanadkii 2012, maamulka Faroole ayaa iftiimiyay mashruucii ugu horeeyay ee shidaal baaris ah oo laga sameeyay Puntland iyo guud ahaan Soomaaliya. Oo ay hogaaminayaan shirkadda Saliida ee Canadian African Oil iyo la-hawlgalayaasheeda Range Resources , qodistii ugu horreysay ee ceelka Shabeel-1 ee ku yaalla Dooxada Dharoor ee Puntland bishii March ee sanadkan ayaa lagu guulaystay in laga soo saaro shidaal. Sida uu sheegay Bankiga dhexe ee Soomaaliya, marka ay qarankani cagta saartay wadadii dib u dhiska dalka, waxaa la filayaa in dhaqaaluhu uusan la jaanqaadi karin heerarkii uu soo maray dagaalladii sokeeye ka hor, balse waxaa la filayaa in la dardargeliyo kobaca iyo horumarka dalka maadaama aan laga faa’iidaysan kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee Soomaaliya. ==Hordhac== Hadaad si dhab ah u fiirisid wadamada aduunka, wadan walbo dhaqaalihiis wuxuu ku salaysanyahay hal ama labo arrimood, sida wadanka Sucuudiga oo dhaqaalihiisa ku salaysanyahay saliidda cayriinka ama batroolka, wadankaa Finland wuxuu dhaqaalihiisa ku salaysanyahay geedaha ama alwaaxda, wadanka Iceland dhaqaalahooda wuxuu ku salaysanyahay kaluunka, wadanka Itoobiya dhaqaalihiisu wuxu ku salaysanyahay wax soo saarka beeraha. Waxaad arkaysaa wadamo dhaqaalahooda ku tiirsan Dalxiiska, kuwakalana waxay ku tiirsanyihiin soosaarka warshadaha ama sinaacadda culus. Hadaba waa suaal fiican in laiswaydiiyaa wadanka Soomaaliya dhaqaalihiisa muxuu ku salaysanyahay. Waxaad arkaysaa dhaqaalaha soomaaliya in uu ku salaysanyahay ama ku tiirsanyahay waxyaabo fara badan, ayadoo ay ugu horayso nimcooyinka uu ilaahay siiyay wadanka soomaaliya sida xoolaha, dhulbeeraadka, xeeb laga kaluumaysankaro iyo nimcooyinka dhulka ku aasan ee aan laga faaidaysan wali sida Birta, dahabka, Uraniumka, saliida shidaalka, iyo waxyaabo farabadan oo aan la soo koobi karin, kuwaas ay kamid yihiin dhul bilicsan oo dalxiiska ku wanaagsan sida dhulbaraha aduunka ee ekvatoria ama raskambooni meeshaas oo ah meel ay aduunkoo idil usoo dalxiis tagi karaan. Waxaa u sii dheer Soomaaliya in ay ku taalo dhul istraaji markii loo fiiriyo geopolitical, taas oo macnaheeda ah in ay soomaaliya isku xirri karto qaaradaha Afrika iyo aasiya iyo yurub. Waa dhul ku wanaagsan dhinac logistica oo ay noqon karto dhul beecmushtaraad. Ayadoo ilaahay soomaaliya siiyay nimcooyinkaas oo dhan hadana waxaad arkaysaa in ay soomaaliya tahay wadan faqri ah oo saboolnimo iyo macluul saameeyay oo wadamada asaakooda dawarsado iyagana dhexdooda islaaya. taasna waxaa sabab u ah damaca wadamada deriska iyo kuwa ku bahooway jaamacadda carabta iyo saliibiyiinta mareekanka iyo yurubta galbeed iyo barigaba iyo waliba doqonnimada siyaasiyiinta soomaaliyeed ee calooshood ushaqeestaha ah. Soomaalida waa inay ka feejignaadaan damacyada aan kor ku xusay. waana in ay heshiiyaan dhexdooda kitaabka ilaahay iyo sunnadda rasuulkana ay qaataan. Dhibaatada soomaaliya hayso waxaa sabab u ah ka fognaashaha diinta samaaxadda badan sababtoo ah ilaahay wuxuu leeyahay “maan aheen kuwa halaago magaalooyinka ilaa ay ehelkooda daalimiin yihiin” sidaas daraateeda waxaa cad in ay tahay Soomaaliya wadamada ugu dulmiga iyo tafriqadda ama kala sooco badan oo ay ku dambayso reer qurac iyo reer qansax. ==Xubin== * [[Jaamacada Carabta]] * [[Midowga Afrika]] * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Non-Aligned Movement / Dhaqdhaqaaq aan la xoojin]] * [[IGAD]] * [[Comesa]] == Xigasho == [https://web.archive.org/web/20140225004755/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/242/somalia_report_2012.pdf "Warbixinta Horumarinta Aadanaha Soomaaliya 2012: Awood-siinta Dhallinyarada Nabadda iyo Horumarka"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110515090635/http://www.meattradenewsdaily.co.uk/news/230810/australia___the_gulf_demand_for_australian_sheep_and_lamb.aspx "Australia - The Arab countries demand Australian sheep and lamb"] [http://mgafrica.com/article/2015-04-30-somalia-livestock "Meesha Soomaaliya ay ka tahay boqorka adduunka, idaha iyo riyaha ayaa mucjisooyin ka sameynaya dalka ay dagaalladu aafeeyeen"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20150626112218/http://www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/article_print.php?article=4693 "Madaxda Afrikaanka ah - Soomaaliya: Adkeysiga Dadka"] [http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/40/087/40087878.pdf "Mashruuca Qiimaynta Khayraadka Uranium-ka Caalamiga ah (IUREP) Warbixinta Hawlgalka Wajiga ee Hanuuninta, Soomaaliya"] [http://www.marketwatch.com/story/long-forgotten-uranium-bonanza-rediscovered-kilimanjaro-unleashes-somalia-uranium-exploration-initiative-2014-04-15-71733149 "Uranium-ka Bonanza ee muddada dheer la iloobay ayaa dib loo helay, Kilimanjaro wuxuu daaha ka qaaday Hindisaha Sahaminta Yuraaniyaamta Soomaaliya"] [http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_President_Farole_returns_to_Puntland.shtml Madaxweyne Faroole oo dib ugu laabtay Puntland] {{Wayback|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_President_Farole_returns_to_Puntland.shtml |date=20131017121255 }} [https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true "GDP (US$ hadda) - Soomaaliya"] {{Wayback|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true |date=20250121032421 }}//World bank [https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true {{Wayback|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true |date=20250120204521 }} "GDP per capita (US$ hadda) - Soomaaliya"] [https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?end=2022&locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=2013 "GDP, PPP (current international $) - Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?end=2022&locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=2013 |date=20250120205039 }}//World bank. [https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?end=2022&locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=2013 {{Wayback|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?end=2022&locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=2013 |date=20250120204516 }} "GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) - Somalia"] [https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true "GDP growth (annual %) - Somalia"] {{Wayback|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=SO&most_recent_value_desc=true |date=20250122023600 }} [http://english.alarabiya.net/en/business/aviation-and-transport/2015/02/17/Regional-airlines-merge-as-Somali-airspace-draws-competition.html Shirkado diyaaradeed oo heer gobol ah oo isku biiray xilli hawada Soomaaliya uu tartan ka socdo] {{reflist}} {{Maqaalo Soomaaliya}} [[Category:Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya]] 1w1wi8amkyi0789ntb0uli92mtygjsm 0 4708 300940 270255 2026-07-06T23:44:38Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 300940 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg|400px|thumb|Aduun]] '''Aduunka''' waa [[Meere]] kamid ah [[iskujoogga Meereyaasha Qorraxda]]. Aduunka isagoo marinkiisa ama wadadiisa ku jira ayuu qorraxda ku wareegtaa. Qaabka waa ugxan yahay – waa sida goobaab wareegsan oo labada doc in yar ka diisan. Taa waxay ina garadsiineysaa in fogaanta uu had walba aduunka qorraxda u jiro sanad gudaheed aanay isku mid ahayn. Halkii jeer oo aduunka ku soo wareegto qorraxda waxay ku qaadata 365 ¼ maalin. Sanad walboo afaraad oo shintiris-sanadeedka (kalendarka) ka mid ah wuxuu noqdaa 366 malmood, waxaana la yiraahda sanad shindhalad ah (skuddår). Sanad walboo 4-aad waa inuu maalindheri ahaadaa, maxaa yeelay aduunka 365 maalin in ka badan bay ku qaadata halkii wareeg. Haddi aan sidaa la yeelin xooga qalad ah baa tirsiga galaaya. Sidaa daraadeed bey sanad shindhalad ah ugu jirin qarni walboo aan u qaybsami karin 400. Tusaale sanadkii [[1900]] ma ahayn sanad [[shindhalad]] ah, haseyeeshe sandakii [[2000]] wuxuu ahaa shindhalad, waayo waa loo qaybin kara 400. [[Xilliyada Sanadka]] aduunku wuxuu mariin meerkiisa ku jiraa isagoo 23,5 º darajo qorraxda ka janjeersan. Sidaas daraadeed fogaanta sare ee qorraxda ay had walba inoo jirto wey kala duwan tahay sanadka gudihiisa. == Labada Cirif EE aduunka == Kala duwanaanta fogaanta ay qoraxdu dhulka u jirto waxay aad ugu weyn tahay woqooyiga iyo koofurta kakoonka dhulka. Gobollada saaran hareeraha dhulbaraha wey ku yartahay kaladuwanaantaasi Gobollada ku kala yaal labada cirif ee aduunka, oo la kala yiraahdo [[Qudbiga woqoyi]] iyo [[Qudbiga koofureede]], maalin kasto oo ka mid ah xilliga jiilaalka qorraxda kama dhacdo oo cirkay ku taallan tahay. Bartanka xilli-barafeedkuna waa qorrax la’aan. Gobollada dhulbaraha agagaariyase hal berina qorraxda kama maqnaato, oo cirkay sare ayey ugu shidan tahay. Kala duwanaanta hadba inta fogaan ay sanadka gudihiisa qorraxdu ka korreyso aduunka.Hadba intii loo sii dhowaado aagga woqooyi ama aagga koofureed bey fogaanta sii weynaataa. Sidaas daraadeed intiiba dhulbaraha woqooyi ama koofur looga sii fogaanayo bay kala duwanaashada xilliyada sanadkuna sii kordhaan. == Habeenka iyo maalinta == Markii laga hadlaayo habeenka iyo maalinta Qoraxda waxaa dhahnaa: ”Qorraxdu waa dhacday ama waa soo baxday”. Inkastoo aynu had iyo jeer aan sidaa ku tilmaamno, Hadana Qoraxdu ma aha wax dhaca mana soo baxda, ee dhulkaa isku udub-wareegta. Dhulka inuu hal mar si buuxda isugu udub-wareegana waxay ku qaadata 24 saac. Inta dhulku isku wareegayo, Qorraxdu inftiinkeeday ku haysaa, oo sidaas bey habeen iyo maalin ku kala noqoto. Wxaa kuu cadeeynaya inaysan qoraxda dhicin marka aad moodo in aay kaa dhacday hadii aad joogto Somalia qorraxda waa u muuqataa dadka galbeedka kaa sii xiga siiba sida America dadka joogo subax ayeeyba u tahay oo marka ay ayaga ka miriqdo adigana kuu soo muuqanee. [[Category:Juqraafi]] kqcgho8ethi3cvtebpbik4zj4p7tr5l 0 4827 300945 300781 2026-07-07T02:35:44Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 300945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|189px]]<S>[[Maldives]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |18.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |20.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<s'?> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/> |- |21.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |24."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Romania]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |29._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- <S'!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. 190/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24..".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |29.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |31."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- [[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Stevan Kragujevic, Gamal Abdel Naser u Beogradu, 1962.jpg|thumb|central|The second President of [[Egyptians]] 1954–1971.jpg: "as" President of [[Greater Arab Republics]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 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Kacabada | image = Mosquée Masjid el Haram à la Mecque.jpg The_Kabah_in_the_Grand_Mosque_of_Makkah_from_the_second_floor,_Saudi_Arabia_(7)_(52501682079).jpg | latitude = 21.422495 | longitude = 39.826165 | location = [[Makka]],al-Xijaas]],[[Sacuudi Carabiya]] | year = | length = | width = | area = | totalarea = | height = {{convert|13.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} | tradition = [[Islam]] }} [[File:Kaaba2.JPG|250px|thumb|Kacbada]] '''Kacbada''' waa qiblada muslimiinta ee u jeestaan markay tukanayaan kuna dawaafaan xiliga [[Xaj|Xajka]] waana dhismihii ugu horeeyay ee dhulka laga dhiso sida ay [[islaamka|Diinta islaamka]] qabto<ref>http://www.alukah.net/culture/0/46384/</ref> marka laga hadlayo [[Kacbo|Kacbada]] waxaa qasab ah in laga hadlo [[Masjidul-xaraam]] waayo waxay ku taalaa [[Kacbo|Kacbada]] [[Masjidul-xaraam]] dhaxdiisa ayadoo taariikhda masjidka ka bilaabanayso taariikhda [[Kacbo|Kacbada]] sharfoon<ref>[[:ar:الكعبة#cite_ref-.D8.B3.D8.A8.D9.84_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.87.D8.AF.D9.89_.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B1.D8.B4.D8.A7.D8.AF_2-1|https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9#cite_ref-.D8.B3.D8.A8.D9.84_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.87.D8.AF.D9.89_.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B1.D8.B4.D8.A7.D8.AF_2-1]]</ref>. siduu [[Islaam|Islaamka]] qabo. [[Kacbo|Kacbada]] markii hore [[Malaa'ig|Malaa'igtaa]] dhistay N[[Nebi Aadam|ebi Aadan]] hortii. magacyada Kacbada waxaa ka mid ah Baytul-xaraam waayo [[Alle]] ayaa ka xarimay in dhiig lagu daadshu dhaxdiisa, waxayna ka dhigantahay meesha dhulka dushiisa ugu sharafta badan<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.eslam.de/arab/begriffe_arab/22kaf/kaaba.htm |access-date=2016-03-14 |archive-date=2016-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128114548/http://www.eslam.de/arab/begriffe_arab/22kaf/kaaba.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> sida [[Qur'aan |Quraanka kariimka]] ku cad (إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَيْتٍ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ لَلَّذِي بِبَكَّةَ مُبَارَكًا وَهُدًى لِّلْعَالَمِينَ (سورة آل عمران، الآية 96 wuxuu muslimku qabaa in Alaah faray [[Nebi Ibraahiim]] iyo wiilkisa [[Nebi Ismaaciil]] inay dib saro ugu qadaan Kacbada tiirarkeeda sida [[Qur'aan |Quraanka kariimka]] ku cad وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ القَوَاعِدَ مِنَ البَيْتِ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ العَلِيمُ ﴾‏(‏ البقرة‏:127)‏) Alle ayaa faray [[Nebi Ibraahiim]] in dadka faro Kacbada u soo Xajiyaan sida [[Qur'aan |Quraanka kariimka]] ku cad (وَأَذِّن فِي النَّاسِ بِالْحَجِّ يَأْتُوكَ رِجَالا وَعَلَى كُلِّ ضَامِرٍ يَأْتِينَ مِن كُلِّ فَجٍّ عَمِيق) (سورة الحج 27) Kacbada waxay ku taalaa bartamaha [[Masjidul-xaraam]] wanaa dhimo weyn oo joogiisa dhanyahay 15.mitir balaca dhankeeda irida ahna 12.mitir, halaka balaca dhanka gadaal ee dhanka masharaafta10.mitir yahay qaabkeedana u eg yahay dhagax weyn oo afar gees ah oo saro u qaadan<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.arrai.org/pages.php?option=browse&id=114199 |access-date=2016-03-14 |archive-date=2017-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714113730/http://arrai.org/pages.php?option=browse&id=114199 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. waagii [[Nebi Ismaaciil]] c.s. wuxuu dhamaa dhirirka joogeda 9 dhudhun oo saanqaaf la'aan ah iyo irid iska banaan. ilaa uu ka yimid [[Tubbac]] oo saaray saanqaaf kadibna [[Cabdi mudalib]] oo u sameeyay ilabaab bir ah oo leh gaanjo [[Dahab]] ah wuxxuna ahaa qofkii ugu horeyay oo [[Kacbada]] [[Dahab]] ku xardha<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.arrai.org/pages.php?option=browse&id=114199 |access-date=2016-03-14 |archive-date=2017-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714113730/http://arrai.org/pages.php?option=browse&id=114199 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Magacaabida Kacbada == === Kacbo waxa loola jeedo afka carabiga === * Kacbo waa magac carabi ah waxaana loola jeeda afar gees waayo Kacabada waa dhismo afar gees oo kale ah === Magacyada Quraanka ku jira ee Kacbada leedahay === * '''Al-kacbah''' يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْتُلُوا الصَّيْدَ وَأَنتُمْ حُرُمٌ وَمَن قَتَلَهُ مِنكُم مُّتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاءٌ مِّثْلُ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ النَّعَمِ يَحْكُمُ بِهِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِّنكُمْ هَدْيًا بَالِغَ الْكَعْبَةِ أَوْ كَفَّارَةٌ طَعَامُ مَسَاكِينَ أَوْ عَدْلُ ذَلِكَ صِيَامًا لِّيَذُوقَ وَبَالَ أَمْرِهِ عَفَا اللَّـهُ عَمَّا سَلَفَ وَمَنْ عَادَ فَيَنتَقِمُ اللَّـهُ مِنْهُ وَاللَّـهُ عَزِيزٌ ذُو انتِقَامٍ)سورة المائدة ﴿٩٥ * '''Al-bayt''' (وَإِذْ جَعَلْنَا الْبَيْتَ مَثَابَةً لِّلنَّاسِ وَأَمْنًا وَاتَّخِذُوا مِن مَّقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى وَعَهِدْنَا إِلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ أَن طَهِّرَا بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْعَاكِفِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ ﴿سورة البقرة١٢٥ * '''Al-baytul muxaram''' (رَبَّنا إِنّي أَسكَنتُ مِن ذُرِّيَّتي بِوادٍ غَيرِ ذي زَرعٍ عِندَ بَيتِكَ المُحَرَّمِ رَبَّنا لِيُقيمُوا الصَّلاةَ فَاجعَل أَفئِدَةً مِنَ النّاسِ تَهوي إِلَيهِم وَارزُقهُم مِنَ الثَّمَراتِ لَعَلَّهُم يَشكُرونَ ﴿٣٧سورة إبراهيم * '''Baytul catiiq''' (ثُمَّ لْيَقْضُوا تَفَثَهُمْ وَلْيُوفُوا نُذُورَهُمْ وَلْيَطَّوَّفُوا بِالْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ (سورة الحج، الآية 29) == Kacbada halkee dhacdo == * waxay ku taalaa magaalada [[Makkah al-Mukarama]] dhanka galbeed ee [[Jasiirad Dhuleedka Carabta]] tog ka mid ah tagoga buuraha Xijaas ooga hareersan dhan walbaa. waxay dhacdaana [[Lool]] ka 21 darajo iyo 25 daqiiqo dhanka [[Waqooyi]] iyo [[Dhigaha]] 39 darajo iyo 49 daqiiqo dhanka [[Bari]] waxayna ka sareesaa [[Badda]] in kabadan saddex boqol oo [[mitir]]<ref>http://fatwa.islamweb.net/fatwa/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=6468</ref> [[File:Mecca banner Kaaba 3.jpg|thumb|'''Kacbada waa dhismaha madow ee bartanka ku yaala, dhismaha ku hareeresan waa masjidul-xaraam'''|1127x1127px|centre]] == Dhisidii Kacbada == * Islaamka wuxuu qabaa in Kacbada cid dhistaa ugu horaysay [[Malaa'ig|Malaa'igta]] , taariikhda sida ku sugan Kacbada in la dhisay 11 goor. [[Malaa'ig|Malaa'igta]] ayaa ugu horeysay waxaa xigay [[Nebi Aadam]] hadana [[Nebi Ibraahiim]] iyo wiilkiisa [[Nebi Ismaaciil]] kadib [[Camaaliqah|Camaaliqada]] deetana [[Jurhum]] gadaashoodna [[Qusayi binu kilaab]] hadana [[Quraysh]] waxaa xigay [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin zubeyr]] r.c sanadkii 65[[Hijriyada|H]] waxaa xigay [[Xajaaj bin yuusuf|Xajaaj bin Yuusuf]] sanadkii 74 [[Hijriyada|H]] kadib [[Suldaan Muraadkii afaraad]] sanadkii 1040 [[Hijriyada|H]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.arrai.org/pages.php?option=browse&id=114199 |access-date=2016-03-14 |archive-date=2017-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714113730/http://arrai.org/pages.php?option=browse&id=114199 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> waxay ka bilaabantaa taariikhda dhisida [[Masjidul-xaraam]] goortii la dhisay Kacbada sharafta leh. sidaan horay ugu soo sheegnay Kacbada waxaa dhisay Malaa'igta balse waxaa burburiyay [[Duufaantii Nebi Nuux]]c.s kadib waxaa dib u dhisay [[Nebi Ibraahiim]] iyo wiilkiisii [[Nebi Ismaaciil]] sida [[Quraanka Kariimka]] وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْقَوَاعِدَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا إِنَّكَ أَنتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ ﴿١٢٧ markaa buu ka keenay [[Malaku Jibriil|Malku jibriil]] c.s [[Dhagaxa Madow]] Jannada mana aheyn madow balse wuu cadaa cadaan dhalaaleysa (xijrul aswad) abalse waxaa madow ka dhiga danbiga mushrukiinta sida xadiis nabiga laga wariyay leeyahay «الحجر الأسود من الجنة وكان أشد بياضاً من الثلج حتى سودته خطايا أهل الشرك».<ref>https://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?hflag=1&bk_no=1626&pid=898571{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Dhisidii Qureysh ee Kacbada Islaamka hortii === * Kacbada sideedii bee iska aheyd ilaa Qureysh dib uga dhiseen, taasoo keentay dab weyn oo Kacbada qabsaday mudo laga joogo 30 sano ku dhawaad kadib xiligii Abraha Maroodiga ku soo weeraray Kacbada. dabkaasoo ka dhashay in hawayney Kacbada udginaysay dab ka qabsaday. dabkaasoo dhismihii jilciyay hadana Daad baa ku dhuftay daafaheeda oo burburiyay. markaa bee Qureysh dib u dhiseen, waxeena isku afgarten inaan Kacbada lagu darin xoolaha lagu dhisaayo wax aan xalaal aheyn. qarashkii loo helay ayaa yaraaday tasoo keentay in dhismihii la wada dhisiwaayo. markaabee sadex mitir hor u soo bixiyeen dhanka dhagaxa madow * '''wax yaalaha Qurersh Kacbada ku soo kordhisy''' iriday sare u qaadeen si cidee rabaan uun u soo gasho ilinka danbana way owdeen waxayna u yeeleen saanqaaf iyo masharaaf biyaha saarta. saro waxay u qaadeen joogeeda 8.64 mitir halki markii hore ka aheyd 4.32 mitir<br> === Dhisidii Cabdulaahi binu subeer === waagii [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin zubeyr]] baa dib loo dhisay Kacbada tasoo keentay dab ka soo gaaray Manjaniiqyadii lagu duqeenaayay xiligii [[Yziid bin mucaawiya|Yaziid bin Macaawiya]] go'doomiyay magaalada [[Makkah al-Mukarama|Makkah al-mukarama]] . taasoo ugu wacneed in [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] diiday in [[Yaziid bin mucaawiya|Yaziid bin Mucaawiya]] bayco la galo. dadki raacsanaa [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] ayaa kacdoon ka sameeyay magaalada [[Madiina Al-Munawara|Mediintul Al-Munawara]]. [[Yaziid bin mucaawiya|Yaziid bin Mucaawiya]] baa markaa u diray [[Ciidan]] uu hogaaminaayo [[Muslim bin Cuqba|Muslim bin Cuqbah]] magaalada [[Medina|Mediintul Al-Munawara]] wuuna qabsaday magaaladii wuxuuna ooga sii gudbay asagii iyo ciidan kiisiiba magaalada [[Makkah al-Mukarama]] balse intuusan gaarin ayuu dhax ku dhintay. kadib [[Ciidan|Ciidankii]] waxaa hogaamiyay Al[[xuseyn bin al-namiir]] muduu hareerenayay kabid waxaa u suurta gashay inuu qabsadi [[Buurta]] Abii-qubeys markaas ayuu bilaabay inuu ku duqeeyo [[Manjaniiq]] [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] iyo intii raacsaneed. [[Manjaniiq]] yadii ayaa haleelay Kacbada oo gubay kadib markii [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] loo doortay Khaliifo sandii 64[[Hijriyada|H]] ayuu damcay Kacbada dumiyo si uu dib ugu dhiso. taaso ugu wacneed xadiis uu ka maqlay [[Caa'isha binti Abiibakar|Caa'ishah]] r.c ka warinayso [[Nebi Aadam C.S|Nebiga]] c.s.w (uu ku lee yahay hadeesan jiri la heyn cidaada-wuxuu ula jeedaa qureysh- islam ee ku cusub yihiin kacbada ayaan dib ugu celinlahaa halkii nebi ibraahiim dhagaxana gudahaan soo galin lahaa labo ilina waan u yeeli lahi mid bari iyo mid galbeed iridana dhukaan la simi lahaa waayo cadaada ayaa kor u qaaday si cidee rabaana u soo gasho kee rabaan au diidaan )<ref>http://islam.vendredi.free.fr/rangement/alimane/www.al-eman.com/Islamlib/viewchp2c34.html?BID=251&CID=133#s7</ref> xadiis saa oo kale ah Kacbada wuxuuna gaarsiiyay aasaaskii [[Nabi Ibraahiim C.S.|Nebi Ibraahiim]] wuxuuna gaarsiiay joogeeda todobo iyo labaatan dhudhun, dhumucda darbiyadana labo dhudhun, wuxuuna usameeyay labo irid oo aan dhulka saro ooga qaadneen labo ilin mid laga galo oo dhanka bari ah iyo mid laga baxo oo dhanka galbeed ah. sanadkii 65[[Hijriyada |H]] ayuu dib u balaariyay kadib markii dadkii bateen wuxuu gaarsiiyay Toban kun oo mitir iskuweer ah.<ref>http://www.masrawy.com/Islameyat/Others-Masaged/details/2014/10/1/358485/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B0-%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%86 {{Wayback|url=http://www.masrawy.com/Islameyat/Others-Masaged/details/2014/10/1/358485/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B0-%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%86 |date=20160316151205 }}</ref> === Dhisidii Xajaaj bin yuusuf xiligii Umawiyiinta === [[Cabdilmalik bin marwaan|Cabdilmalik bin Marwaan]] baa go'aansaday inuu meesha ka saaro [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] markaa buu u diray [[Xajaaj bin yuusuf|Xajaaj bin Yuusuf]] oo ciidan xoog badan wata inuu magaalada [[Makkah al-Mukarama|Makkah al-mukarama]] gacanta ooga dhigo [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] markaa buu hareereyay magaalada wuxuuna ku rakibtay Manjaniiq yadii (waa madaafiic goob oo la isticmaali jiray waagii hore) buurta Abii-qubeys iyo buurta qaciiqaan iyo magalaada dhinacyadeedaba markaa buu bilaabay inuu ladhaco saasbee ku gubatay Kacbada. markaa bee [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] iyo ciidankiisa banaanka ugu baxeen [[Xajaaj bin yuusuf|Xajaaj bin Yuusuf]] cabdulaahina waa la dilay dagaalkii saas buu ku istaagay. [[Xajaaj bin yuusuf|Xajaaj bin Yuusuf]] baa warqad u qoray [[Cabdilmalik bin marwaan|Cabdilmalik bin Marwaan]] uu ku sheegayo in [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] wax ka badalay kacbadii. [[Cabdilmalik bin marwaan|Cabdilmalik bin Marwaan]] baa amaray xajaaj inuu dumiyo waxii cabdulaahi bin zubeyr ku kordhiyay . taasoo ugu wacneed cilmi la'aan ka haysay xadiiskii [[Caa'isha binti Abiibakar|Caa'isha]] r.c laga wariyay . sanadii 74[[Hijriyada|H]] xajaaj baa dumiyay lix dhudhun waxuuna ka dhisay aasaaskii qureysh wuuna owday iriidii galbeed<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?idfrom=974&idto=975&bk_no=59&ID=1089 |access-date=2016-03-14 |archive-date=2016-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424023253/http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?idfrom=974&idto=975&bk_no=59&ID=1089 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> === Dhisidii Suldaan Muraadkii afaraad xilidii Cusmaaniyiinta === [[File:Kaba.jpg|thumb|waa sawir la qaaday 1880M(1297[[Hijriyada|H]])]] xiligii [[Axmad koowaad|Suldaan Axmad 1aad]] baa gidaaradii Kacbada jilceen oo soo daateen. markaasi baa [[Suldaan Axmad Awal]] damcay inuu dumiyo oo dib u cusboonesiiyo dhismaheeda, balse injineeradii baa kula taliyay inuu maarta jaalaha ah oo dahabka ku ladhan ku adkeeyo xaga sare iyo xaga hoose , saa owgeed ma sii taagnaan oo waxaa burburiyay Roob mahiigaan ah oo Makkah helay maalin arbaco ah 19 Shacbaan 1039[[Hijriyada|H]] oo isku badalay Daad weyn oo galay Masijul-xaraam iyo Kacbadaba, Daad kaasoo xaaqay wax walboo gudaha Masjidka yaalay oo soo saaray keedkeedii, waxaana ku dhintay Dad Faro badan, waxaan dumay gidaarkii xaga Shaam iyo qeeb ka mid ah gidaaradii bari iyo galbeed. wuxuu amray [[Suldaan Muraadkii afaraad]] in si dhaqsa ah dib loogu dhiso. waxaana dib u dhisay injineero Masaari ah sandkii 1040H waana dhismaha hada dhisan ee Kacbada, waxaana suurtoobay habeenteeda iyo naashnaashida Masjidka dhamaantii waxaana lagu fidiyay dhulkeeda Gogol, waxay bilaabatay dhisidu maalin Axad ah 23 [[Jamaadul Aakhir]] sanadkii 1040 waxayna la dhameestiray dhisitaankeeda isla sanadkaa bilawga bisha Ramadaan. waana dismaha hada kuu muuqda, wixii waagaa ka danbeeyay waxaa lagu kordhiyay uun naashnaashid == Tilmaamaha Kacbada == [[File:Kaaba.png|thumb|Kacbada]] Kacbada waxaa lagu tilmaamaa dhismo qaab afar gees ah oo joogiisa dhanyahay 15 mitir uuna garaayo balaceeda dhanka irida 12 mitir balaceeda dhanka masharaafta ah 10 mitir. saas ma aheyn waagii [[Nabi Ismaaciil C.S.|Nebi Ismaaciil]] waxaysa aheyd 9 dhudhun saanqaaf la'. Qureysh baa islaamka hortii ku dartay 9 dhudhun oo kale markaabe noqotay 18 dhudhun irideedana saro bee u qaadeen, markaas bee noqotay in lagu galo jaraanjar wagii [[Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] buu ku daray 9 dhudhun markaabee noqotay 27 dhudhun ilaa hada waa sidaa. <a h sida lawada ogyahay Kacbada waxay lee dahay afar tiir, oo kala ah '''Tiirka madow''', '''Tiirka xaga wuqooyi''', '''Tiirka xaga yama'''n iyo '''Tiirka xaga ciraaq,''' xaga darbiga wuqooyi waxay ku lee dahay masharaaf ka sameesan dahab kuna beegan [[Dhagaxa Ismaaciil]] . # '''[[Dhagaxa madow]] :''' waa dhagax qaab yara cadaan leh, midibkiisuna yahay madow guduud xigeen ah kuna yaala dhanka koonfur bari ee Kacbada # '''[[Ilbaabka Kacbada]] :''' wuxuu ka sameesan yahay qalin waxaana la sameeyay waagii cusmaaniyiinta, kadib waxaa lagu xardhay qoraal carabiyeed oo quraan ah # '''[[Masharaafta Kacbada]] :''' waa qeeb ku dhagan dusha sare dhanka wuqooyi ee Kacbada, kana saarta kacbada biyaha roobka # '''[[Shaadaruwaan]]:''' waa dhagaxaantii aasaaska kacbada ee laga tagay banaanka, waxayna u eg tahay hoos guntiga haweenka oo kale # '''[[Dhagaxa Ismaaciil]]:''' waa deer ama xeendaab meegaran oo leh qaab garaangar bar keed oo kale ah kuna yaale dhanka wuqooyi ee kacbada # '''[[Multazim]] :''' waa inta u dhaxeesa dhagaxa madow iyo ilbaabka Kacbada, qiyaas ahaana dhan labo mitir, waana meel alle baryada ku ajiibo # '''[[Maqaamu Ibraahiim]] :''' waa dhagaxii [[Nabi Ibraahiim C.S.|Nebi Ibraahiim]] ku istaag markuu dhisaayay Kacbada # '''[[Tiirarka Kacbada|Tiirka xaga bari]] :''' waa tiirka dhanka ilaabka xiga kuna beegan [[Ceelka zamzam]] waana halkuu ku dhaganyahay dhagaxa madow # '''[[Tiirarka Kacbada|Tiirka xaga Yaman]] :''' waa tiirka dhanka gadaal ooga beegan tiirka bari # '''[[Tiirarka Kacbada|Tiirka xaga wuqooyi]]:''' waa tiirka ku yaala dhanka galbeed ee dhagaxa ismaaciil # '''[[Tiirarka Kacbada|Tiirka xaga Ciraaq]] :''' waa tiirka ku yaala xaga bari ee dhagaxa ismaaciil # '''[[Huga Kacbada]] :''' waa gabal maro ah oo xariir la xardhay ka sameesan kuna xardhan aayado quraan ah ooga dadan Kacbada dhan walbaa == Kacbada waxay ka koobantahay == === Ilbaabka Kacbada === [[File:Gate of Ka-bah.JPG|thumb|250px|sawir la qaaday 2011, ilbaabka kacbada]] '''Ilbaabka Kacbada''' ''wuxuu ku yaalaa dhanka bari ee [[kacbada]], wuxuuna ka sareeyaa [[Shaadaruwaan]] ka 222cm (waxaa loola jeedaa waa kaabada ka hooseesa ilbaabka) Ilbaabkana dhirirkiisu yahay 318 cm balaciisuna 171cm gudahana ugu jira mitir barkii. Kacbadu waxay laheyd ilin iska banaan, kadib ayaa loo sameeyay Ilbaab, hubaalna looma haayo goortii la sameeyay yo cidii sameesay ba. taariikhyahanadu way isku khilaafeen arintaas, balse sida la sheego waxaa runta ugu dhaw, qofkii ugu horeyay oo kacbada ilbaab u yeela inuu ahaa Tubbacii sadaxaad ee boqoradii yaman ka mid ahaa oo joogay nabiga c.s.w hortii xili hore.<ref>[http://islam.ahram.org.eg/NewsQ/3150.aspx باب الكعبة] {{Wayback|url=http://islam.ahram.org.eg/NewsQ/3150.aspx |date=20160919190546 }}، البوابة الدينية</ref> sida ku sugan siiratu ibnu Isxaaq <<wuuxuu ahaa Tubbac siday sheegeen qofkii ugu horeyay oo kacbada dada,wuxuuna faray howlwadeynadiisii ee reer jurham inay kacbada daahiriyaan oona u yeelaan ilbaab iyo fure>><ref>[http://uqu.edu.sa/page/ar/122332 تاريخ باب الكعبة]، جامعة أم القرى</ref> taariikhyahankii al-azraqi asna wuxuu sheegay << wuxuu ahaa Tubbac qofkii ugu horeyay oo kacbada kuwada dada hu' una yeela ilbaab la xiro mana la heyn ilbaab la xiro hortii, wuxuuna ka tirshay Tubbac gabay, oo baytkaan ka mid ahaa'', ''وأقمنا به من الشــهر عشرًا وجعلنا لبابــــه إقليــدا'' >> </ref> <ref>[http://uqu.edu.sa/page/ar/122332 الجزء (1/95)]، سيرة ابت هشام</ref> waagii [[Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] ilbaabka kacbada wuxuu ahaa kow iyo toban dhudhun, kadib [[Xajaaj bin Yuusuf]] ayaa ka dhigay sagaal dhudhun iyo Taako.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?hflag=1&bk_no=71&pid=33089 |access-date=2016-03-19 |archive-date=2016-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822204507/http://library.islamweb.net/hadith/display_hbook.php?hflag=1&bk_no=71&pid=33089 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> sanadkii 1045 waagii [[Suldaan Muraadkii afaraad]] waa la badalay waxaana lagu dheehay dheeh Qalin ah wax dhan 166 xero (pound) waxaana lagu dheehay Dahabka kiisa maarta u eg waana ilbaabka hada ee kacbada leedahay.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.alharamain.gov.sa/index.cfm?do=cms.conarticle&contentid=5816&categoryid=996 |access-date=2016-03-19 |archive-date=2016-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817103546/http://www.alharamain.gov.sa/index.cfm?do=cms.conarticle&contentid=5816&categoryid=996 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> markay reer sacuud yimaadeen baa loo sameeyay labo ilaab. mid waa xilgii Boqor Cabdulcaziiz aala sacuud 1363H, midka labaadna waa kan hada Lee dahay waxaana la sameeya 1398H xiligii Boqor Khaalid bin Cabdulcaziiz aala sacuud waxaana sameyay axmad bin ibraahim badar, waxaana laga sameeyay dahab, dahabka laga sameeyay labada ilbaab wuxuu dhamaa 280KG qiimo dhan 13milyan iyo 420 kun oo dinaar<ref>http://articles.islamweb.net/media/index.php?page=article&lang=A&id=4649</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://akhbaar24.argaam.com/article/detail/210543 |access-date=2016-03-19 |archive-date=2021-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512230409/https://akhbaar24.argaam.com/article/detail/210543 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> === Masharaafta Kacbada === [[File:Kaaba mizab.jpg|thumb|Masharaafta kacbada waxay ka muuqataa kor, waxa soo taagan oo Dahabka u eg]] '''Masharaafta Kacbada''' ([[Carabi|af-carabi]] ميزاب) <ref>http://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-ar/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8/</ref>waa qeeb ku dhagan dusha sare ee [[kacbada]] dhanka Wuqooyi una jeeda xaga [[Dhagaxa Ismaaciil]] kana saarta biyaha fariista sakxada sare ee kacbada marka la dhaqaayo iyo kuwa Roobka. cidii ugu horeysay oo kacbada masharaaf u yeesha waxay ahaayeen Qureysh Nabiga c.s.w 35 ka hor soo diristiisii waagaa wiixii ka horeyay ma laheyn kacbadu saanqaaf. siduu sheegay taariikhyahanki Ibnu Hishaam oo ka wariyay Ibnu Isxaaq wuxuu yiri <<markuu garay Nebiga c.s.w shan iyo sodon gu' Qureysh baa waxay go'aamiyeen inay kacbada dhisaan, tasoo in badan ku taamayeen inay Saanqaaf saaran,waxayna ka hebeesanayeen duminteeda,waxayna u ekeed wax aan jooga dheereen, markaa bee doneen inay kor u qaadaan oona saanqaaf u yeelaan >><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.alharamain.gov.sa/index.cfm?do=cms.conarticle&contentid=5815&categoryid=996 |access-date=2016-03-19 |archive-date=2016-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817111124/http://www.alharamain.gov.sa/index.cfm?do=cms.conarticle&contentid=5815&categoryid=996 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> markuu [[Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] dhisaayay wuxuu u yeelay masharaaf ujeeda dhanka [[Dhagaxa Ismaaciil]] sidey Qureysh sameesay oo kale. [[Xajaan bin Yuusuf]] markuu dhisaayay kacbada ayuu ka dhimay wax kastoo [[Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] ku kordhiyay oo ku ekaa sidii Nebi Ibraahiim u dhisay, waayo Qureysh ma wada dhisan kacbada qabyee ooga tageen taasoo ugu wacneed qarash yari. markaa buu ka yeelay masharaafta halkeedii hore ee dhanka wuqooyi.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.tohajj.com/Display.Asp?Url=hrm00037.htm |access-date=2016-03-19 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304232552/http://www.tohajj.com/Display.Asp?Url=hrm00037.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> masharaafta haataan ee kacbada waatii waagii uu sameeyay Suldaan Cabdulmajiid khaan, oo lagu sameeyay magaalada qusdandiiniyah ee hada loo yaqaan Istanbul markaa baa lagu dhajiayay 1276H , waxaana ku dahaaran Dahab, kadib waxaa lagu sameeyay habeen oo loo yeelay musbaaro looga dhajay dhanka saro si Qooleedu(shimbirahu) u fuulin, kadib markay xirmatay sakxadii waagii Boqor sacuud bin cabdiziiz .<ref>http://cairodar.youm7.com/310052/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%89-%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87-%D9%82{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> marka la tilmaamayo, wuxuu yiri Al-azraqiy: dheerarka masharaaftu waa afar dhudhun, dhumucdeeduna waa sideed farood,masharaaftu waxaa ku ku dhagan safeexado Dahab ah, qof Dahab u yeela waxaa u horeeyay [[Waliid bin Cabdulmalik]],waxaana dhacda in la badalo masharaafta kacbada sharfoon,, taasoo ugu wacantahay labo mid,.mid waxa weeye markii ey baaba'do in labado, iyo mida kaloo ah, in Boqorada iyo hantiilayaasha muslimiinta inay u hadyeeni jireen kacbada masharaaf markaa baa lugu xiri jiray kacbada lagana furi jiray tii hore. waxaa laga qaadanayaa inay masharaaftu tahay qaab [[Laydi]] ah oo dusha sare u banaan, una banaan dhanka gadaal ee sakxada kacbada sidoo kale u furan dhanka hore ee banaanka soo jirta ee ku beegan [[Dhagaxa Ismaaciil]] , wuxuuna gaarayaa dhirirka masharaafta 2.58 mitir, balaceedana 25 cm, dhumucdana 21cm, waxana dhanwalbaa ka xiga alwaax 2cm ah iyo safeexado Dahab ah oo dhan 24 qiraad. '''Siday u kala horeeyeen''' * masharaaftii ugu horeysay ee kacbada loo sameeyo waxay aheyd tii Qureysh u sameeyeen Nebiga c.s.w 35 sano ka hor soo diristiisa<ref>http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm |date=20160305072853 }}</ref> * waxaa xigtay masharaaftii Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr markuu dhisaayay Kacbada sanadkii 65H<ref>http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm |date=20160305072853 }}</ref> * waxaa xigtay masharaaftii Xajaaj bin Yuusuf oo dib u dhisay Kacbada sanadkii 73H xiligii Cabdulmalik bin Marwaan<ref>http://www.youm7.com/story/2014/10/3/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_11_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A8/1892472#.VuySROJ97IU</ref> * waxaa xigtay masharaaftii uu saaray Sheykh abuu qaasim ramashat sanadkii 537H / 1142M<ref>http://www.youm7.com/story/2014/10/3/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_11_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A8/1892472#.VuySROJ97IU</ref> * waxaa xigtay masharaaftii khaliifkii Cabaasiyiinta Al-muqtafi li'amrilaah sanadkii 541H/1146M<ref>http://www.youm7.com/story/2014/10/3/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_11_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A8/1892472#.VuySROJ97IU</ref> * waxaa xigtay masharaaftii Khaliifkii Cabaasiyiinta Al-naasir lidiini laah sanadkii 622H / 1279M<ref>http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm |date=20160305072853 }}</ref> * waxaa xigtay masharaaftii Suldaan Suleymaan Al-qaanuuni ee Cusmaaniyiinta sanadkii 959H/ 1551M<ref>http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm |date=20160305072853 }}</ref> * waxaa xigtay masharaaftii laga keenay Masar sanadkii 962H / 1554M<ref>http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm |date=20160305072853 }}</ref> * waxaa xigtay masharaaftii Cabdulmajiid Al-awal ee Cusmaaniyiinta sanadkii 1021H /1612M<ref>http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm |date=20160305072853 }}</ref> * waxaa xigtay masharaaftii Suldaan Axmad Al-awal bin Maxamed sanadkii 1021H/1612M<ref>http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm |date=20160305072853 }}</ref> * kadib waxaa xigtay masharaaftii loo dhiibay xaajigii Ridaa baashaa ee Cusmaaniyiinta sanadkii 1276H / 1859M<ref>http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm |date=20160305072853 }}</ref> * Tan hada kacbadu leedahay waa midii xiligii Boqor Fahad bin Cabdulcaziiz la saaray, kabid markii laga badalay midii hore oo loo yeelay mid cusub oo xoog leh kana adag tii hore isku qaabna ah.<ref>http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.okaz.com.sa/new/Issues/20130601/Con20130601606635.htm |date=20160305072853 }}</ref> === Al-multazim === '''Multazim''' waa magac carabi ah<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.saaid.net/Doat/ehsan/124.htm/ |access-date=2025-06-04 |archive-date=2017-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708033026/http://saaid.net/Doat/ehsan/124.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> waana meel u dhaxeesa [[Dhagaxa Madow]] iyo [[Ilbaabka Kacbada]] dheerar kiisuna dhanyahay afar dhudhun (labo mitir ku dhawaad)<ref>https://islamqa.info/ar/47756</ref> sida laga wariyay [[Cabdullaahi bin Cabbaas]] inuu yiri <<multazimku waa inta u dhaxeesa tiirka iyo ilbaabka>> waana meesha alle baryada ku aqbalo. waxaana suno ah in aad daankaaga iyo dhudhumadaada iyo laabtaada iyo sacabadaada wada saartid oo aad ku dhajisid darbiga(halka u dhaxeesa ilbaabka iyo tiitka dhagaxa madow ka sokeeya) [[Cabdullaahi bin Cabbaas]] sidaa ayuu sameen jiray wuxuuna dhihi jiray <<qofna isku ma dhajiyo oo markaa alle wax ma waydiisto alle waa siiyaa wixii uu rabay>> <ref>http://fatwa.islamweb.net/fatwa/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=34784</ref> sidoo kale waxaa la wariyay Cabdullaahi bin Camri bin Caas inuu dawaafay oo tukaday oo markaa salaamay rukniga oo markaa istaagay inta u dhaxeesa dhagaxa iyo ilbaabka oo uu ku nabay laabtiisa iyo sacabadiisa iyo daankiisa buu markaa yiri <<saas ayaan arkay nabigoo sameenaya>><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://makkah.org.sa/site/index.php/mqalatmakkia/642-almultazam2.html |access-date=2016-03-19 |archive-date=2017-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021123022/http://makkah.org.sa/site/index.php/mqalatmakkia/642-almultazam2.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. wuxuu yiri abuu zubeyr waxaan arkay [[Cabdullaahi bin Cumar]] r.c iyo [[Cabdullaahi bin Cabbaas]] iyo [[Cabdullaahi bin Zubeyr]] oo isku nabaya. wuxuuna yiri cabdullali bin cabbaas <<inta u dhaxeesa dhagaxa iyo ilbaabka ma istaago qof oo markaa alle maka baryo wax ilaa wuu arkaa dantiisoo qaarkeed oo fushay>><ref>http://islamport.com/b/3/alhadeeth/motoon/%DF%CA%C8%20%C7%E1%E3%CA%E6%E4/%C3%CE%C8%C7%D1%20%E3%DF%C9%20%E1%E1%DD%C7%DF%E5%ED/%C3%CE%C8%C7%D1%20%E3%DF%C9%20%E1%E1%DD%C7%DF%E5%ED%20001.html{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Shaadaruwaan === === Tiirarka Kacbada === '''Tiirarka Kacbada''' waxaa loola jeedaa waa afarta xagal ee [[Kacbada]]. waxaana loogu magacaabay mar in laga wado afarta jiho ee xigaan marna macno u gaar ah oo loola jeedo<ref>http://www.manhal.net/articles.php?action=show&id=16837</ref> # '''Tiirka xaga bari''': waa tiirka u dhaw [[Ilbaabka Kacbada]] kuna beegan [[Ceelka Zamzam]] ka ku dhawaad waxaa kaloo luga magacaa baa tiirka madaw waayo [[Dhagaxa Madow]] ayaa ku dhagan waana tiirka laga bilaabo [[Dawaafka]] # '''Tiirka xaga Ciraaq''': waa tiirka jira dhanka ciraaq waana tiirka soo xiga tiirka bari marka laga Dawaafayom waxaa kaloo lagu magacaa baa tiirka wuqooyi ku aadanaantiisa dhanka yara wuqooyi, waan tiirka xiga dhanka bari ee [[Dhagaxa Ismaaciil]] # '''Tiirka xaga Galbeed''': waa tiirka soo xiga tiirka ciraaq marka la dawaafayo, waxaa kaloo lagu magacaa baa tiirka Shaam waaayo wuxuu xigaa dhanka shaam, waana tiirka jira dhanka galbeed ee [[Dhagaxa Ismaaciil]] #'''Tiirka xaga Yaman''' : waa tiirka xiga tiirka galbeed marka la dawaafayo, waxaana lagu magacaa baa tiirka koonfur waayo wuxuu yara xigaa dhanka koonfur, waxaa kaloo la dhahaa tiirka yaman waayo wuxuu xigaa dhanka yaman, waxaa kaloo la dhahaa Mustajaaar. waxaa ka loo u gaar ah tiirka yaman in la salaamo asaga iyo Dhaxa Madow marka la dawaafayo<ref>http://fatwa.islamweb.net/fatwa/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=7313</ref> === Dhagaxa Madow === === Maqaamu Ibraahiim === === Dhagaxa Ismaaciil === === Hu'ga Kacbada === == Holwadeenada Kacbada == == Tixraac == * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/Mankinds-Search-for-God/Islām-The-Way-to-God-by-Submission/ Islām—The Way to God by Submission] (en) {{Gumud}} [[Category:Islaam]] [[Category:Aqoon]] [[Category:Ilbaxnimo]] [[Category:Taariikh]] euow4h9ud0vu9sy51hfds06dbgqz36g 10 16101 300929 300877 2026-07-06T20:53:37Z ~2026-34988-39 46219 300929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Abyoone |title=[[Abyoone]] |state=collapsed |listclass=hlist |style=clear:none; width:70%;min-width:40em |list1={{Navbox|child |title=[[0 (tiro)|0]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|zero|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *&nbsp;[[0 (tiro)|0]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[1 (tiro)|1]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[2 (tiro)|2]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[3 (tiro)|3]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[4 (tiro)|4]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[5 (tiro)|5]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[6 (tiro)|6]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[7 (tiro)|7]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[8 (tiro)|8]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[9 (tiro)|9]] |list2= *[[10 (tiro)|10]] *'''[[11 (tiro)|11]]''' *[[12 (tiro)|12]] *'''[[13 (tiro)|13]]''' *[[14 (tiro)|14]] *[[15 (tiro)|15]] *[[16 (tiro)|16]] *'''[[17 (tiro)|17]]''' *[[18 (tiro)|18]] *'''[[19 (tiro)|19]]''' |list3= *[[20 (tiro)|20]] *[[21 (tiro)|21]] *[[22 (tiro)|22]] *'''[[23 (tiro)|23]]''' *[[24 (tiro)|24]] *[[25 (tiro)|25]] *[[26 (tiro)|26]] *[[27 (tiro)|27]] *[[28 (tiro)|28]] *'''[[29 (tiro)|29]]''' |list4= *[[30 (tiro)|30]] *'''[[31 (tiro)|31]]''' *[[32 (tiro)|32]] *[[33 (tiro)|33]] *[[34 (tiro)|34]] *[[35 (tiro)|35]] *[[36 (tiro)|36]] *'''[[37 (tiro)|37]]''' *[[38 (tiro)|38]] *[[39 (tiro)|39]] |list5= *[[40 (tiro)|40]] *'''[[41 (tiro)|41]]''' *[[42 (tiro)|42]] *'''[[43 (tiro)|43]]''' *[[44 (tiro)|44]] *[[45 (tiro)|45]] *[[46 (tiro)|46]] *'''[[47 (tiro)|47]]''' *[[48 (tiro)|48]] *[[49 (tiro)|49]] |list6= *[[50 (tiro)|50]] *[[51 (tiro)|51]] *[[52 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(tiro)|100]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|1|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[100 (tiro)|100]] *'''[[101 (tiro)|101]]''' *[[102 (tiro)|102]] *'''[[103 (tiro)|103]]''' *[[104 (tiro)|104]] *[[105 (tiro)|105]] *[[106 (tiro)|106]] *'''[[107 (tiro)|107]]''' *[[108 (tiro)|108]] *'''[[109 (tiro)|109]]''' |list2= *[[110 (tiro)|110]] *[[111 (tiro)|111]] *[[112 (tiro)|112]] *'''[[113 (tiro)|113]]''' *[[114 (tiro)|114]] *[[115 (tiro)|115]] *[[116 (tiro)|116]] *[[117 (tiro)|117]] *[[118 (tiro)|118]] *[[119 (tiro)|119]] |list3= *[[120 (tiro)|120]] *[[121 (tiro)|121]] *[[122 (tiro)|122]] *[[123 (tiro)|123]] *[[124 (tiro)|124]] *[[125 (tiro)|125]] *[[126 (tiro)|126]] *'''[[127 (tiro)|127]]''' *[[128 (tiro)|128]] *[[129 (tiro)|129]] |list4= *[[130 (tiro)|130]] *'''[[131 (tiro)|131]]''' *[[132 (tiro)|132]] *[[133 (tiro)|133]] *[[134 (tiro)|134]] *[[135 (tiro)|135]] *[[136 (tiro)|136]] *'''[[137 (tiro)|137]]''' *[[138 (tiro)|138]] *'''[[139 (tiro)|139]]''' |list5= *[[140 (tiro)|140]] *[[141 (tiro)|141]] *[[142 (tiro)|142]] *[[143 (tiro)|143]] *[[144 (tiro)|144]] *[[145 (tiro)|145]] *[[146 (tiro)|146]] *[[147 (tiro)|147]] *[[148 (tiro)|148]] *'''[[149 (tiro)|149]]''' |list6= *[[150 (tiro)|150]] *'''[[151 (tiro)|151]]''' *[[152 (tiro)|152]] *[[153 (tiro)|153]] *[[154 (tiro)|154]] *[[155 (tiro)|155]] *[[156 (tiro)|156]] *'''[[157 (tiro)|157]]''' *[[158 (tiro)|158]] *[[159 (tiro)|159]] |list7= *[[160 (tiro)|160]] *[[161 (tiro)|161]] *[[162 (tiro)|162]] *'''[[163 (tiro)|163]]''' *[[164 (tiro)|164]] *[[165 (tiro)|165]] *[[166 (tiro)|166]] *'''[[167 (tiro)|167]]''' *[[168 (tiro)|168]] *[[169 (tiro)|169]] |list8= *[[170 (tiro)|170]] *[[171 (tiro)|171]] *[[172 (tiro)|172]] *'''[[173 (tiro)|173]]''' *[[174 (tiro)|174]] *[[175 (tiro)|175]] *[[176 (tiro)|176]] *[[177 (tiro)|177]] *[[178 (tiro)|178]] *'''[[179 (tiro)|179]]''' |list9= *[[180 (tiro)|180]] *'''[[181 (tiro)|181]]''' *[[182 (tiro)|182]] *[[183 (tiro)|183]] *[[184 (tiro)|184]] *[[185 (tiro)|185]] *[[186 (tiro)|186]] *[[187 (tiro)|187]] *[[188 (tiro)|188]] *[[189 (tiro)|189]] |list10= *[[190 (tiro)|190]] *'''[[191 (tiro)|191]]''' *[[192 (tiro)|192]] *'''[[193 (tiro)|193]]''' *[[194 (tiro)|194]] *[[195 (tiro)|195]] *[[196 (tiro)|196]] *'''[[197 (tiro)|197]]''' *[[198 (tiro)|198]] *'''[[199 (tiro)|199]]''' }} |list3={{Navbox|child |title=[[200 (tiro)|200]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|2|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[200 (tiro)|200]] *[[201 (tiro)|201]] *[[202 (tiro)|202]] *[[203 (tiro)|203]] *[[204 (tiro)|204]] *[[205 (tiro)|205]] *[[206 (tiro)|206]] *[[207 (tiro)|207]] *[[208 (tiro)|208]] *[[209 (tiro)|209]] |list2= *[[210 (tiro)|210]] *'''[[211 (tiro)|211]]''' *[[212 (tiro)|212]] *[[213 (tiro)|213]] *[[214 (tiro)|214]] *[[215 (tiro)|215]] *[[216 (tiro)|216]] *[[217 (tiro)|217]] *[[218 (tiro)|218]] *[[219 (tiro)|219]] |list3= *[[220 (tiro)|220]] *[[221 (tiro)|221]] *[[222 (tiro)|222]] *'''[[223 (tiro)|223]]''' *[[224 (tiro)|224]] *[[225 (tiro)|225]] *[[226 (tiro)|226]] *'''[[227 (tiro)|227]]''' *[[228 (tiro)|228]] *'''[[229 (tiro)|229]]''' |list4= *[[230 (tiro)|230]] *[[231 (tiro)|231]] *[[232 (tiro)|232]] *'''[[233 (tiro)|233]]''' *[[234 (tiro)|234]] *[[235 (tiro)|235]] *[[236 (tiro)|236]] *[[237 (tiro)|237]] *[[238 (tiro)|238]] *'''[[239 (tiro)|239]]''' |list5= *[[240 (tiro)|240]] *'''[[241 (tiro)|241]]''' *[[242 (tiro)|242]] *[[243 (tiro)|243]] *[[244 (tiro)|244]] *[[245 (tiro)|245]] *[[246 (tiro)|246]] *[[247 (tiro)|247]] *[[248 (tiro)|248]] *[[249 (tiro)|249]] |list6= *[[250 (tiro)|250]] *'''[[251 (tiro)|251]]''' *[[252 (tiro)|252]] *[[253 (tiro)|253]] *[[254 (tiro)|254]] *[[255 (tiro)|255]] *[[256 (tiro)|256]] *'''[[257 (tiro)|257]]''' *[[258 (tiro)|258]] *[[259 (tiro)|259]] |list7= *[[260 (tiro)|260]] *[[261 (tiro)|261]] *[[262 (tiro)|262]] *'''[[263 (tiro)|263]]''' *[[264 (tiro)|264]] *[[265 (tiro)|265]] *[[266 (tiro)|266]] *[[267 (tiro)|267]] *[[268 (tiro)|268]] *'''[[269 (tiro)|269]]''' |list8= *[[270 (tiro)|270]] *'''[[271 (tiro)|271]]''' *[[272 (tiro)|272]] *[[273 (tiro)|273]] *[[274 (tiro)|274]] *[[275 (tiro)|275]] *[[276 (tiro)|276]] *'''[[277 (tiro)|277]]''' *[[278 (tiro)|278]] *[[279 (tiro)|279]] |list9= *[[280 (tiro)|280]] *'''[[281 (tiro)|281]]''' *[[282 (tiro)|282]] *'''[[283 (tiro)|283]]''' *[[284 (tiro)|284]] *[[285 (tiro)|285]] *[[286 (tiro)|286]] *[[287 (tiro)|287]] *[[288 (tiro)|288]] *[[289 (tiro)|289]] |list10= *[[290 (tiro)|290]] *[[291 (tiro)|291]] *[[292 (tiro)|292]] *'''[[293 (tiro)|293]]''' *[[294 (tiro)|294]] *[[295 (tiro)|295]] *[[296 (tiro)|296]] *[[297 (tiro)|297]] *[[298 (tiro)|298]] *[[299 (tiro)|299]] }} |list4={{Navbox|child |title=[[300 (tiro)|300]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|3|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[300 (tiro)|300]] *[[301 (tiro)|301]] *[[302 (tiro)|302]] *[[303 (tiro)|303]] *[[304 (tiro)|304]] *[[305 (tiro)|305]] *[[306 (tiro)|306]] *'''[[307 (tiro)|307]]''' *[[308 (tiro)|308]] *[[309 (tiro)|309]] |list2= *[[310 (tiro)|310]] *'''[[311 (tiro)|311]]''' *[[312 (tiro)|312]] *'''[[313 (tiro)|313]]''' *[[314 (tiro)|314]] *[[315 (tiro)|315]] *[[316 (tiro)|316]] *'''[[317 (tiro)|317]]''' *[[318 (tiro)|318]] *[[319 (tiro)|319]] |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list5={{Navbox|child |title=[[400 (tiro)|400]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|4|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list6={{Navbox|child |title=[[500 (tiro)|500]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|5|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list7={{Navbox|child |title=[[600 (tiro)|600]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|6|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list8={{Navbox|child |title=[[700 (tiro)|700]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|7|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list9={{Navbox|child |title=[[800 (tiro)|800]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|8|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list10={{Navbox|child |title=[[900 (tiro)|900]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|9|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |below=Tirooyinka qoraalkooda la waaweyneeyay waa [[Tiro mutuxan|tirooyin mutuxan]]}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Tusmo xisaab]] </noinclude> 3j8mt2b4wb88b6jwpq8dlbt1gg7v1gm 300936 300929 2026-07-06T23:11:01Z ~2026-34988-39 46219 300936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Abyoone |title=[[Abyoone]] |state=collapsed |listclass=hlist |style=clear:none; width:70%;min-width:40em |list1={{Navbox|child |title=[[0 (tiro)|0]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|zero|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *&nbsp;[[0 (tiro)|0]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[1 (tiro)|1]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[2 (tiro)|2]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[3 (tiro)|3]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[4 (tiro)|4]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[5 (tiro)|5]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[6 (tiro)|6]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[7 (tiro)|7]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[8 (tiro)|8]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[9 (tiro)|9]] |list2= *[[10 (tiro)|10]] *'''[[11 (tiro)|11]]''' *[[12 (tiro)|12]] *'''[[13 (tiro)|13]]''' *[[14 (tiro)|14]] *[[15 (tiro)|15]] *[[16 (tiro)|16]] *'''[[17 (tiro)|17]]''' *[[18 (tiro)|18]] *'''[[19 (tiro)|19]]''' |list3= *[[20 (tiro)|20]] *[[21 (tiro)|21]] *[[22 (tiro)|22]] *'''[[23 (tiro)|23]]''' *[[24 (tiro)|24]] *[[25 (tiro)|25]] *[[26 (tiro)|26]] *[[27 (tiro)|27]] *[[28 (tiro)|28]] *'''[[29 (tiro)|29]]''' |list4= *[[30 (tiro)|30]] *'''[[31 (tiro)|31]]''' *[[32 (tiro)|32]] *[[33 (tiro)|33]] *[[34 (tiro)|34]] *[[35 (tiro)|35]] *[[36 (tiro)|36]] *'''[[37 (tiro)|37]]''' *[[38 (tiro)|38]] *[[39 (tiro)|39]] |list5= *[[40 (tiro)|40]] *'''[[41 (tiro)|41]]''' *[[42 (tiro)|42]] *'''[[43 (tiro)|43]]''' *[[44 (tiro)|44]] *[[45 (tiro)|45]] *[[46 (tiro)|46]] *'''[[47 (tiro)|47]]''' *[[48 (tiro)|48]] *[[49 (tiro)|49]] |list6= *[[50 (tiro)|50]] *[[51 (tiro)|51]] *[[52 (tiro)|52]] *'''[[53 (tiro)|53]]''' *[[54 (tiro)|54]] *[[55 (tiro)|55]] *[[56 (tiro)|56]] *[[57 (tiro)|57]] *[[58 (tiro)|58]] *'''[[59 (tiro)|59]]''' |list7= *[[60 (tiro)|60]] *'''[[61 (tiro)|61]]''' *[[62 (tiro)|62]] *[[63 (tiro)|63]] *[[64 (tiro)|64]] *[[65 (tiro)|65]] *[[66 (tiro)|66]] *'''[[67 (tiro)|67]]''' *[[68 (tiro)|68]] *[[69 (tiro)|69]] |list8= *[[70 (tiro)|70]] *'''[[71 (tiro)|71]]''' *[[72 (tiro)|72]] *'''[[73 (tiro)|73]]''' *[[74 (tiro)|74]] *[[75 (tiro)|75]] *[[76 (tiro)|76]] *[[77 (tiro)|77]] *[[78 (tiro)|78]] *'''[[79 (tiro)|79]]''' |list9= *[[80 (tiro)|80]] *[[81 (tiro)|81]] *[[82 (tiro)|82]] *'''[[83 (tiro)|83]]''' *[[84 (tiro)|84]] *[[85 (tiro)|85]] *[[86 (tiro)|86]] *[[87 (tiro)|87]] *[[88 (tiro)|88]] *'''[[89 (tiro)|89]]''' |list10= *[[90 (tiro)|90]] *[[91 (tiro)|91]] *[[92 (tiro)|92]] *[[93 (tiro)|93]] *[[94 (tiro)|94]] *[[95 (tiro)|95]] *[[96 (tiro)|96]] *'''[[97 (tiro)|97]]''' *[[98 (tiro)|98]] *[[99 (tiro)|99]] }} |list2={{Navbox|child |title=[[100 (tiro)|100]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|1|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[100 (tiro)|100]] *'''[[101 (tiro)|101]]''' *[[102 (tiro)|102]] *'''[[103 (tiro)|103]]''' *[[104 (tiro)|104]] *[[105 (tiro)|105]] *[[106 (tiro)|106]] *'''[[107 (tiro)|107]]''' *[[108 (tiro)|108]] *'''[[109 (tiro)|109]]''' |list2= *[[110 (tiro)|110]] *[[111 (tiro)|111]] *[[112 (tiro)|112]] *'''[[113 (tiro)|113]]''' *[[114 (tiro)|114]] *[[115 (tiro)|115]] *[[116 (tiro)|116]] *[[117 (tiro)|117]] *[[118 (tiro)|118]] *[[119 (tiro)|119]] |list3= *[[120 (tiro)|120]] *[[121 (tiro)|121]] *[[122 (tiro)|122]] *[[123 (tiro)|123]] *[[124 (tiro)|124]] *[[125 (tiro)|125]] *[[126 (tiro)|126]] *'''[[127 (tiro)|127]]''' *[[128 (tiro)|128]] *[[129 (tiro)|129]] |list4= *[[130 (tiro)|130]] *'''[[131 (tiro)|131]]''' *[[132 (tiro)|132]] *[[133 (tiro)|133]] *[[134 (tiro)|134]] *[[135 (tiro)|135]] *[[136 (tiro)|136]] *'''[[137 (tiro)|137]]''' *[[138 (tiro)|138]] *'''[[139 (tiro)|139]]''' |list5= *[[140 (tiro)|140]] *[[141 (tiro)|141]] *[[142 (tiro)|142]] *[[143 (tiro)|143]] *[[144 (tiro)|144]] *[[145 (tiro)|145]] *[[146 (tiro)|146]] *[[147 (tiro)|147]] *[[148 (tiro)|148]] *'''[[149 (tiro)|149]]''' |list6= *[[150 (tiro)|150]] *'''[[151 (tiro)|151]]''' *[[152 (tiro)|152]] *[[153 (tiro)|153]] *[[154 (tiro)|154]] *[[155 (tiro)|155]] *[[156 (tiro)|156]] *'''[[157 (tiro)|157]]''' *[[158 (tiro)|158]] *[[159 (tiro)|159]] |list7= *[[160 (tiro)|160]] *[[161 (tiro)|161]] *[[162 (tiro)|162]] *'''[[163 (tiro)|163]]''' *[[164 (tiro)|164]] *[[165 (tiro)|165]] *[[166 (tiro)|166]] *'''[[167 (tiro)|167]]''' *[[168 (tiro)|168]] *[[169 (tiro)|169]] |list8= *[[170 (tiro)|170]] *[[171 (tiro)|171]] *[[172 (tiro)|172]] *'''[[173 (tiro)|173]]''' *[[174 (tiro)|174]] *[[175 (tiro)|175]] *[[176 (tiro)|176]] *[[177 (tiro)|177]] *[[178 (tiro)|178]] *'''[[179 (tiro)|179]]''' |list9= *[[180 (tiro)|180]] *'''[[181 (tiro)|181]]''' *[[182 (tiro)|182]] *[[183 (tiro)|183]] *[[184 (tiro)|184]] *[[185 (tiro)|185]] *[[186 (tiro)|186]] *[[187 (tiro)|187]] *[[188 (tiro)|188]] *[[189 (tiro)|189]] |list10= *[[190 (tiro)|190]] *'''[[191 (tiro)|191]]''' *[[192 (tiro)|192]] *'''[[193 (tiro)|193]]''' *[[194 (tiro)|194]] *[[195 (tiro)|195]] *[[196 (tiro)|196]] *'''[[197 (tiro)|197]]''' *[[198 (tiro)|198]] *'''[[199 (tiro)|199]]''' }} |list3={{Navbox|child |title=[[200 (tiro)|200]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|2|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[200 (tiro)|200]] *[[201 (tiro)|201]] *[[202 (tiro)|202]] *[[203 (tiro)|203]] *[[204 (tiro)|204]] *[[205 (tiro)|205]] *[[206 (tiro)|206]] *[[207 (tiro)|207]] *[[208 (tiro)|208]] *[[209 (tiro)|209]] |list2= *[[210 (tiro)|210]] *'''[[211 (tiro)|211]]''' *[[212 (tiro)|212]] *[[213 (tiro)|213]] *[[214 (tiro)|214]] *[[215 (tiro)|215]] *[[216 (tiro)|216]] *[[217 (tiro)|217]] *[[218 (tiro)|218]] *[[219 (tiro)|219]] |list3= *[[220 (tiro)|220]] *[[221 (tiro)|221]] *[[222 (tiro)|222]] *'''[[223 (tiro)|223]]''' *[[224 (tiro)|224]] *[[225 (tiro)|225]] *[[226 (tiro)|226]] *'''[[227 (tiro)|227]]''' *[[228 (tiro)|228]] *'''[[229 (tiro)|229]]''' |list4= *[[230 (tiro)|230]] *[[231 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*'''[[277 (tiro)|277]]''' *[[278 (tiro)|278]] *[[279 (tiro)|279]] |list9= *[[280 (tiro)|280]] *'''[[281 (tiro)|281]]''' *[[282 (tiro)|282]] *'''[[283 (tiro)|283]]''' *[[284 (tiro)|284]] *[[285 (tiro)|285]] *[[286 (tiro)|286]] *[[287 (tiro)|287]] *[[288 (tiro)|288]] *[[289 (tiro)|289]] |list10= *[[290 (tiro)|290]] *[[291 (tiro)|291]] *[[292 (tiro)|292]] *'''[[293 (tiro)|293]]''' *[[294 (tiro)|294]] *[[295 (tiro)|295]] *[[296 (tiro)|296]] *[[297 (tiro)|297]] *[[298 (tiro)|298]] *[[299 (tiro)|299]] }} |list4={{Navbox|child |title=[[300 (tiro)|300]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|3|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[300 (tiro)|300]] *[[301 (tiro)|301]] *[[302 (tiro)|302]] *[[303 (tiro)|303]] *[[304 (tiro)|304]] *[[305 (tiro)|305]] *[[306 (tiro)|306]] *'''[[307 (tiro)|307]]''' *[[308 (tiro)|308]] *[[309 (tiro)|309]] |list2= *[[310 (tiro)|310]] *'''[[311 (tiro)|311]]''' *[[312 (tiro)|312]] *'''[[313 (tiro)|313]]''' *[[314 (tiro)|314]] *[[315 (tiro)|315]] *[[316 (tiro)|316]] *'''[[317 (tiro)|317]]''' *[[318 (tiro)|318]] *[[319 (tiro)|319]] |list3= *[[320 (tiro)|320]] *[[321 (tiro)|321]] *[[322 (tiro)|322]] *[[323 (tiro)|323]] *[[324 (tiro)|324]] *[[325 (tiro)|325]] *[[326 (tiro)|326]] *[[327 (tiro)|327]] *[[328 (tiro)|328]] *[[329 (tiro)|329]] |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list5={{Navbox|child |title=[[400 (tiro)|400]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|4|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list6={{Navbox|child |title=[[500 (tiro)|500]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|5|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list7={{Navbox|child |title=[[600 (tiro)|600]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|6|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list8={{Navbox|child |title=[[700 (tiro)|700]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|7|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list9={{Navbox|child |title=[[800 (tiro)|800]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|8|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list10={{Navbox|child |title=[[900 (tiro)|900]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|9|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |below=Tirooyinka qoraalkooda la waaweyneeyay waa [[Tiro mutuxan|tirooyin mutuxan]]}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Tusmo xisaab]] </noinclude> nq5ss37vqv9vtyrzbl9r5n3bc1d4ij3 0 18752 300937 299723 2026-07-06T23:18:56Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Maalka */ Fixed grammar 300937 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald John Trump''' (wuxuu dhashay [[Juun]] [[14]], 1946) waa siyaasi [[Mareykan]] ah, shaqsi warbaahin ah, iyo ganacsade ah madaxweynaha 47-aad ee Mareykanka . Xubin ka tirsan Xisbiga Jamhuuriga , wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynihii [[45]]-aad ee [[2017]] ilaa 2021. {{Infobox officeholder | image = Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. THIS IS the new official portrait. See the talk page. --> | alt = Sawirka rasmiga ah ee Madaxweynaha 2025, Donald Trump, oo ah nin caddaan ah oo da’ ah, timo huruud khafiif ah leh, xirta surwaal iyo jaakad buluug ah oo leh surwaal laabta ah, taagan hortiisa calanka Maraykanka. | caption = Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2025. | order = 45aad & 47aad <!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] Waxay lahayd isfaham daciif ah oo lagu sii hayo xaaladda hadda jirta (ma jiro xiriir/ilaha lagu tixraaco).--> | office = Madaxweynaha Maraykanka | vicepresident = [[JD Vance]] | term_start = January 20, 2025 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Joe Biden]] | successor = | vicepresident1 = [[Mike Pence]] | term_start1 = January 20, 2017 | term_end1 = January 20, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Barack Obama]] | successor1 = Joe Biden | birth_name = Donald John Trump | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}} | birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]], U.S. | death_place = | party = [[Xisbiga Jamhuuriga (Mareykanka)|Jamhuuriyaan]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–Hadda) | otherparty = {{ubl | [[Xisbiga Dib-u-habaynta ee Mareykanka|Dib-u-habayn]] (1999–2001) | [[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga (Mareykanka)|Dimuqraadiga]] (2001–2009) | [[Siyaasi madax banaan|Madax banaan]] (2011–2012)}} | spouse = {{ubl | {{marriage|[[Ivana Trump|Ivana Zelníčková]]|1977|1990|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|1993|1999|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]]|2005}} }} | children = {{hlist | [[Donald Trump Jr. |Donald Jr.]] | [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] | [[Eric Trump|Eric]] | [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] | Barron }} | parents = {{ubl | [[Fred Trump]] | [[Mary Anne MacLeod]]}} | relatives = [[Qoyska Trump]] | education = [[Jaamacadda Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Shahaadada Sayniska|BS]]) | occupation = {{hlist | Siyaasi | Ganacsade | Shaqsiga warbaahinta }} | residence = [[Aqalka Cad]] | awards = | signature = Donald Trump (Presidential signature).svg | signature_alt = Saxeexa Donald J. Trump oo qaab farshaxan leh, lagu qoray khad. | website = {{ubl | {{URL|donaldjtrump.com|Campaign website}} | {{URL|trumplibrary.gov|Presidential library}} | {{URL|whitehouse.gov|White House website}} | {{URL|trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov|White House archives}} }} | module = {{Listen voice | filename = Donald Trump speaks on declaration of Covid-19 as a Global Pandemic by the World Health Organization.ogg | description = Trump oo ka hadlay bayaanka [[Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka|Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka]] [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 oo ah cudur faafa caalami ah]] | recorded = Maarso 11, 2020 }} }} Waxa uu ka dhashay qoys qani ah oo ku nool magaalada New York, Trump waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay jaamacadda Pennsylvania [[1968]]-dii isaga oo shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaatay cilmiga dhaqaalaha. Waxa uu noqday madaxweynaha ganacsiga hantida ma-guurtada ah ee qoyskiisa 1971-kii, waxa uu u bixiyay ururka Trump , waxa uuna bilaabay in uu helo oo dhiso dhismayaal dhaadheer, hoteello, casinos, iyo koorsooyin golf. Waxa uu bilaabay ganacsiyo dhinac ah, qaar badan oo shati siinaya magaca Trump, waxana uu xareeyay lix shil oo ganacsi 1990-meeyadii iyo 2000-meeyadii. Laga soo bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2015, wuxuu martigeliyay bandhigga telefishanka dhabta ah ee Tababbarka , isagoo xoojiyay caannimadiisa bilyaneer. Isaga oo isu soo bandhigaya siyaasad dibadda ka ah, Trump ayaa ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016-kii oo uu kula tartamay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary klinton . Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu soo rogay xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah toddobo waddan oo Muslimiin u badan, wuxuu ballaariyay darbiga xuduudka Mexico iyo Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaqan geliyey siyaasadda kala fogeynta qoyska ee xadka. Waxa uu dib u rogay xeerarkii deegaanka iyo ganacsiga, waxa uu saxeexay cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada , waxaanu magacaabay saddex garsoore oo Maxkamadda Sare ah. Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, Trump wuxuu ka saaray Mareykanka heshiisyada cimilada, ganacsiga iyo barnaamijka Nukliyeerka Iran, wuxuuna bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo uu la galo Shiinaha . Isaga oo ka jawaabaya masiibada COVID-19 laga soo bilaabo 2020, wuxuu hoos u dhigay darnaantiisa, wuxuu khilaafay saraakiisha caafimaadka, wuxuuna saxiixay Sharciga CARES . Ka dib markii uu lumiyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2020 ee Joe Biden , Trump wuxuu isku dayay inuu baabi'iyo natiijada , isagoo ku dhamaaday weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol 2021. Waxaa lagu riday 2019 ku takrifal awood iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka, iyo 2021 kicin kicin; guurtidu way ku wayday labada jeerba. 2023, Trump waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay kiisaska madaniga ah ee xadgudubka galmada ( Faylasha Epstein )iyo sumcad-dilista iyo khiyaanada ganacsiga . Waxaa lagu helay dambi ah inuu ka been abuuray diiwaannada ganacsiga 2024, taasoo ka dhigtay inuu noqdo madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Mareykan ah oo lagu helo dambi. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2024 ee Kamala Harris , waxaa lagu xukumay siidayn ciqaab la'aan ah , iyo laba eedeymo dambiile ah oo ka dhan ah haynta dukumentiyada sirta ah iyo carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 ayaa la eryay iyada oo aan eex lahayn. Kiis rafaad ah oo la xidhiidha doorashada 2020 ee Joorjiya waa la sugayaa. Trump wuxuu bilaabay madaxweynanimadiisii ​​labaad isagoo bilaabay shaqo ka cayrin ballaaran oo lagu sameeyay shaqaalaha federaalka . Wuxuu ku soo rogay canshuuraha ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan wadamada heerka ugu sarreeya tan iyo diiqada weyn wuxuuna saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Tallaabooyinka maamulkiisa - oo ay ku jiraan cabsi gelinta mucaaradka siyaasadeed iyo bulshada rayidka ah , masaafurinta soogalootiga, beegsiga dadka jinsiga ah, iyo isticmaalka ballaaran ee amarada fulinta - waxay soo saareen in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo ka soo horjeeda sharcinimadooda . Kiisaska caanka ah waxay hoosta ka xariiqeen tafsiirkiisa ballaadhan ee aragtida fulinta ee midaysan waxayna keentay khilaaf weyn oo lala galo maxkamadaha federaalka. Garsoorayaasha ayaa wax badan oo ka mid ah maamulkiisa ku tilmaamay kuwo sharci darro ah, waxaana dhowr jeer lagu tilmaamay kuwo aan sharciga waafaqsanayn. Laga soo bilaabo 2015, qaabka hoggaamineed ee Trump iyo ajandihiisa siyaasadeed - oo inta badan loo yaqaan Trumpism - ayaa wax ka beddelay aqoonsiga xisbiga Jamhuuriga. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinkiisa iyo ficilladiisa ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsuri ama caqli-xumo, wuxuuna sameeyay hadallo been abuur ah ama marin-habaabin ah wuxuuna kor u qaaday aragtiyaha shirqoolka heer aan horay looga baran siyaasadda Mareykanka. Tallaabooyinka Trump, gaar ahaan markiisa labaad, ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay ahaayeen kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geystay dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ka dib, aqoonyahanno iyo taariikhyahannadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen inuu yahay mid ka mid ah madaxweynayaashii ugu xumaa taariikhda Mareykanka Eedayno badana Waxa Loogu Soo jeediyay Dagaalkii Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan Iyo Difaaciisi Israa'iil iyo Carabta Bariga dhexe . ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== [[File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg|thumb|Akadeemiyada Militariga ee New York , 1964]] Donald John Trump waxa uu ku dhashay June 14, 1946, waxa uu ku dhashay cisbitaalka Jamaica ee ku yaala degmada New York ee degmada Queens , waana ilmihii afraad ee Fred Trump iyo Mary Anne MacLeod Trump . Waa Jarmal iyo Iskotish. Wuxuu ku koray walaalihiis ka weyn, Maryanne , Fred Jr. , iyo Elizabeth, iyo walaalkiis ka yar, Robert , oo ku yaal guri 23-qol ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Jamaica Estates ee Queens. Fred Trump wuxuu caruurtiisa siin jiray midkiiba $20,000 sanadkii, una dhiganta $265,000 sanadkii 2024. Trump wuxuu ahaa milyaneer doolarka sicir-bararka lagu hagaajiyay markuu siddeed jir ahaa. Trump wuxuu dhiganayay dugsiga gaarka loo leeyahay ee Kew-Forest ilaa fasalka toddobaad. Wuxuu ahaa ilmo dhib badan, wuxuuna muujiyay xiisaha hore ee ganacsiga aabihiis. Aabihii waxa uu ka diwaan galiyay New York Military Academy , dugsi boodhin ah oo gaar loo leeyahay, si uu u dhamaysto dugsiga sare. Akadeemiyadda ayaa ku riixday ardayda ciyaaraha isboortiga. waxayna bareen muhiimada guusha. Dugsigii sare, darajooyinkiisu way fiicnaadeen ilaa celceliska B. Trump wuxuu tixgeliyey xirfad ganacsi oo muujinaya, laakiin halkii, si uu ugu dhawaado guriga, wuxuu iska diiwaan geliyay Jaamacadda Fordham 1964. Waxa uu ka qaybqaatay barnaamijka Tababarka Saraakiisha Kaydka ah intii lagu jiray sannadkiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, isagoo dhiganayay fasallo ku labisan dharka ciidamada Arbacada kasta, laakiin wuxuu tuuray sannadkiisii ​​labaad. Wuxuu tuuray kubbadda cagta seddex ama afar usbuuc ka dib wuxuuna ahaa kubbadda cagta dhexdhexaad ah iyo ciyaartoy tennis ah. Asxaabtiisa Fordham waxay ku bareen golf. Sannadkiisii ​​yaraa, wuxuu u wareegay Dugsiga Wharton ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania , inta badan wuxuu u safri jiray xafiiska aabbihiis maalmaha fasaxa ah, wuxuuna ka qalin jabiyay Maajo 1968 oo uu ka qaatay shahaadada Sayniska ee dhaqaalaha. Kulliyadda ma ahayn ardaygii ugu sarreeyay ee uu mararka qaarkood sheegan jiray. Waqtigii uu aaday Wharton-halkaas oo uusan ka muuqan liiska kuwa hela abaalmarinta - wuxuu isha ku hayay xirfad ku taal hantida maguurtada ah. Waxa laga reebay qabyo-qoraalka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Vietnam sababtoo ah sheegashada lafaha cidhibtiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee shan sano oo uu ku jiray dugsiga milatariga, wax dan ah uma lahayn inuu dagaal galo. Koritaanka, wuxuu tixgeliyey aabbihiis iyo wadaadka qoyska, Norman Vincent Peale , inuu noqdo lataliyeyaashiisa. Aabihiis wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu yahay "boqor" iyo inuu yahay "dilaaye". Peale wuxuu ku wacdiyey isku kalsoonida sida dhiirigelinta barwaaqada. ==Xirfad ganacsi== ===Hanti ma guurto ah=== Laga bilaabo 1968, Trump waxa uu ka shaqaaleysiiyay Maareynta Trump, shirkadda aabbihiis ee hantida maguurtada ah, taas oo maamusha dhismayaasha dabaqyada dhexe ee Fred uu ka dhisay Queens , Staten Island , iyo Brooklyn . Hawlihiisa ugu muhiimsan waxay ahaayeen ururinta kirada iyo hagaajinta ilaa shan sano. Isagoo soo jiidasho leh iyo qaninimadiisa, Trump wuxuu ka codsaday aabihiis inuu ku ballaariyo Manhattan halkaas oo qiimihiisu sarreeyo, laakiin aabihiis ayaa ku qanacsanaa xaafadaha dibadda. 1971, wuxuu u guuray Manhattan halkaas oo uu qorsheeyay inuu u guuro ganacsiga wuxuuna u socdaalay xafiiska aabihiis. Sannadkaas, aabihiis wuxuu naftiisa ka dhigay guddoomiye iyo madaxweyne Trump, isaga oo kormeeraya 48 shirkadood oo gaar ah iyo 15 iskaashiga qoyska. Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ururka Trump u isticmaalo dalad ahaan magacyada shirkadaha ganacsi ee aabihiis. Roy Cohn , saamaynta hore ee Trump ee ugu muhiimsan aabihiis ka dib, wuxuu ahaa hagaajintiisa , qareenka, iyo lataliye. sannadihii 13 ee 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii. Cohn wuxuu baray Trump inuu u maleeyo in noloshu tahay macaamil ganacsi. 1973, Cohn wuxuu ka caawiyay Trump inuu ka soo horjeesto dawladda Mareykanka $ 100 milyan (oo u dhiganta $ 708 milyan 2024. eedeymaha ah in guryaha Trump ay takooreen codsadeyaasha madow iyo kireystayaasha. Eedihii Trump waa la laalay, waxaana kiiskii dawladda lagu dhameeyey Trumps oo saxeexay amar oggolaansho oo oggolaaday in meesha laga saaro. Afar sano ka dib, Trumps ayaa mar kale wajahay maxkamadaha markii lagu helay inay diidaan wareegtada. Caawinta mashaariicda Trump, Cohn wuxuu ahaa consigliere kaas oo isku xirka Mafia ay gacanta ku hayaan ururrada dhismaha. Sannadkii 1979-kii, Cohn wuxuu Trump u soo bandhigay la-taliyaha siyaasadda Roger Stone , kaasoo qoray adeegyada Stone si uu ula macaamilo dowladda federaalka. Trump waxa uu ka guuray istuudiyaha isaga oo u guuray guri guri leh oo aragti ah waxa uuna helay shatiga dilaalnimada guryaha bartamihii 1970-meeyadii. Kahor da'da soddon sano, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaankiisa dacwadda, iyada oo aan loo eegin natiijada iyo kharashka; xitaa markii laga badiyay, wuxuu kiiska ku tilmaamay guul. In ka badan soddon sano laga soo bilaabo 2018, Trump wuxuu ku lug lahaa in ka badan 4,000 oo dacwado ah, deymo, iyo faylalyo kale, oo inta badan loo xareeyay lacag la'aan isaga oo ka soo horjeeda shaqaalaha, qandaraaslayaasha, dilaaliinta guryaha, iyo qareenadiisa. Intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009 , Trump wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix ka mid ah ganacsigiisa: Plaza Hotel ee Manhattan, casinos ee Atlantic City, New Jersey , iyo Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts company. Sannadkii 1992, Trump, walaalihiis Maryanne, Elizabeth, iyo Robert, iyo ina-adeerkiis John W. Walter waxay samaysteen All County Building Supply & Maintenance Corp, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay 20 boqolkiiba. Shirkaddu ma lahayn xafiisyo waxaana lagu eedeeyay inay ahayd shirkad qolof ah oo bixisa bixinta adeegyada iyo saadka guryaha kiraynta Trump, ka dibna biilasha adeegyadaas iyo sahayda Maamulka Trump u dhigma 20-50 boqolkiiba iyo ka badan. Milkiilayaasha ayaa wadaagay dakhliga ka soo xarooday calaamaduhu. Kharashka la kordhiyey waxa loo isticmaalay in lagu helo ogolaanshaha gobolka ee kordhinta kirada unugyadiisa kirada-degan. Bishii Janaayo 1994, walaalaha waxay samaysteen Apartment Management Associates waxayna la wareegeen khidmadaha maaraynta ee ay hore u qaadi jirtay Maamulka Trump. Sidoo kale sicir-bararka kirada, qorshayaasha ayaa u adeegay in lagu wareejiyo hantida Fred Trump caruurtiisa iyo adeerka oo hoos loo dhigo culeyska canshuurta. ===Manhattan iyo Chicago horumarka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_with_model_of_Television_City.jpg|thumb|1985-kii oo wata moodal ka mid ah mashruuciisii ​​horumarinta Manhattan ee la soo riday ]] Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha dadweynaha 1978-dii markii uu bilaabay qoyskisa ganacsigii ugu horreeyay ee Manhattan: dib u cusboonaysiinta hudheelka Commodore ee burburay , oo ku dheggan Grand Central Terminal. Maalgelinta waxa fududeeyey $400 milyan oo cashuur dhimis ah oo hantida magaalada ah oo uu u habeeyey isaga oo uu aabbihiis u habeeyey kaas oo sidoo kale, si wada jir ah ula Hyatt , u dammaanad qaaday $70 milyan amaah dhismaha bangiga ah. Hudheelka ayaa dib loo furay 1980-kii isagoo ah Grand Hyatt Hotel , isla sanadkaas, wuxuu helay xuquuq uu ku horumarinayo Trump Tower , oo ah dhismo isku dhafan oo ku yaal Midtown Manhattan. Dhismuhu wuxuu ku yaalaa xarunta dhexe ee Trump Corporation iyo Trump's PAC wuxuuna ahaa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ilaa 2019. 1988, Trump wuxuu ku iibsaday Plaza Hotel isagoo dayn ka helay shirkado ay leeyihiin 16 bangi. Hudheelka ayaa loo gudbiyay ilaalinta musalsalka 1992, waxaana la ansixiyay qorshe dib-u-habayn bil ka dib, iyadoo bangiyada ay la wareegayaan hantida. Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu iska diiday in ka badan $3 bilyan oo deymo bangi ah, amaah-bixiyayaashuna waxay la wareegeen Hotel Plaza oo ay la socdaan badi hantidiisa kale "dib u habeyn ballaaran oo bahdilaad ah" taasoo u ogolaatay inuu ka fogaado khasaare shakhsi ah. Qareenka hogaanka bangiga ayaa sheegay go'aanka bangiyada in "dhammaan waxay isku raaceen in uu ka nolol fiicnaan lahaa dhimashada". Sannadkii 1996-kii, Trump waxa uu la wareegay oo dib u habayn ku sameeyay dhisme 71 dabaq ah oo inta badan bannaanaa oo ku yaalla 40 Wall Street , oo markii dambe loo beddelay Dhismaha Trump. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, wuxuu ku guuleystay xaqa uu u leeyahay inuu horumariyo dhul 70-acre (28 ha) ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Lincoln Square ee u dhow webiga Hudson. Isagoo ku dhibtoonaya deynta ganacsiyada kale ee 1994, wuxuu ka iibiyay inta badan danihiisa mashruuca maalgashadayaasha Aasiya, kuwaas oo maalgeliyay dhamaystirka mashruuca, Riverside South . Mashruucii ugu dambeeyay ee Trump ee dhismaha wuxuu ahaa 92-dabaq ee isku dhafan ee isticmaalka Trump International Hotel iyo Tower ee Chicago, kaas oo la furay 2008. 2024, The New York Times iyo ProPublica ayaa sheegay in Adeegga Dakhliga Gudaha uu baarayay haddii uu laba jeer qoray khasaaraha soo gaaray iyada oo loo marayo kharashka dhismaha iyo iibinta iibinta guryaha yar ee dib u celinta 8. ===casinos Atlantic magaalada=== [[File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg|thumb|Galitaanka Trump Taj Mahal ee Atlantic magaalada]] 1984, Trump wuxuu Harrah ka furay Trump Plaza , hudheel iyo casino, iyada oo maalgelin iyo caawimo maamul ay ka heshay Shirkadda Holiday . Waxay ahayd mid aan faa'iido lahayn, wuxuuna bixiyay Holiday $ 70 milyan bishii Maajo 1986 si uu keligiis u maamulo.  Sannadkii 1985-kii, waxa uu iibsaday hudheelka Atlantic City Hilton oo aan la furin oo uu u beddelay qalcadda Trump . Labada casinos waxay xareeyeen cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta 1992.  Trump wuxuu iibsaday goobta saddexaad ee Atlantic City 1988, Trump Taj Mahal . Waxaa lagu maalgeliyay $675 milyan oo doollar oo junk bonds ah waxaana lagu dhammeeyey $1.1 bilyan, oo la furay Abriil 1990. Waxa uu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta ee 1991. Sida ku cad qodobbada heshiiska dib-u-qaabaynta, waxa uu ka tanaasulay kala badh saamigiisii ​​hore oo shakhsi ahaan dammaanad qaaday waxqabadka mustaqbalka. Si uu u dhimo $900 milyan ee daynta gaarka ah, waxa uu iibiyay diyaaradda Trump Shuttle ; megayacht, Princess Trump , kaas oo laga kireeyay casinoskiisa oo lagu hayo; iyo ganacsiyo kale.  Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), kaas oo qaatay lahaanshaha Trump Plaza.  THCR waxa ay iibsatay Taj Mahal iyo Qasriga Trump 1996 waxana uu kacay 2004 iyo 2009, isaga oo ka tagay lahaanshaha boqolkiiba 10. Waxa uu ahaa guddoomiyaha ilaa 2009. ===Naadiyada Golf-ka=== Sanadkii 1985, Trump wuxuu la wareegay dhismaha Mar-a-Lago ee Palm Beach, Florida. Sannadkii 1995-kii, wuxuu u beddelay hantidii koox gaar ah oo leh lacag bilaw ah iyo kharashyo sannadle ah. Wuxuu sii waday inuu u isticmaalo baalka guriga sidii guri gaar ah. Waxa uu ku dhawaaqay naadigiisa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ee 2019. Waxa uu bilaabay dhisidda iyo iibsiga koorsooyinka golf- ka 1999-kii, isaga oo haysta 17 koorso golf ah 2016. ===Shati siinta magaca Trump=== Ururka Trump wuxuu inta badan shati u siiyay magaca Trump ee badeecadaha iyo adeegyada macaamiisha, oo ay ku jiraan cuntooyinka, dharka, koorasyada waxbarashada, iyo alaabta guriga. In ka badan 50 heshiisyada shatiga ama maamulka ayaa ku lug lahaa magaca Trump, isaga oo u soo saaray ugu yaraan $59 milyan shirkadihiisa. Sannadkii 2018, kaliya laba shirkadood oo alaabta macaamiisha ah ayaa sii waday inay sii wataan shatiga magaciisa. Intii lagu jiray 2000-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu magaciisa shati u siiyay horumarinta guryaha la dego ee adduunka oo dhan, 40 kuwaas oo aan waligood la dhisin. ===Dhaqdhaqaaqyada dhinaca=== [[File:Donald_Trump_and_Doug_Flutie_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Trump_Tower.jpg|thumb|1985 New Jersey Generals shir jaraa'id ee Trump Tower]] Sannadkii 1970-kii, Trump waxa uu galiyay $70,000 oo hantida aabbihiis ah si uu u helo biilasha isaga oo ka mid ah soo saaraha majaajilada Broadway-waxana uu lumiyay lacagtii. Ka dib markii uu u sameeyay dalabyo kubbadda hoose ee New York Mets iyo kooxihii Cleveland Indians baseball, 1983 ilaa $6 milyan, wuxuu iibsaday New Jersey Generals , koox ka tirsan Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Mareykanka . Horyaalka ayaa isku laabmay ka dib xilli ciyaareedkii 1985, oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku daygiisa inuu u guuro jadwalka dayrta (marka ay la tartami lahayd Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Qaranka ee dhagaystayaasha) iyo isku daygiisii ​​ahaa inuu ku qasbo ku biirista NFL isagoo keenaya suudh liddi ku ah. Trump iyo Hotelkiisa Plaza waxa ay marti galiyeen dhowr ciyaarood oo feerka ah hoolka shirarka ee Atlantic City Convention Hall . 1989 iyo 1990, wuxuu magaciisa ku siiyay tartanka tartanka baaskiilka ee Tour de Trump , isku dayga uu ku abuurayo Maraykan u dhigma jinsiyadaha Yurub sida Tour de France ama Giro d'Italia . Laga soo bilaabo 1986 ilaa 1988, wuxuu iibsaday qaybo badan oo saamiyo ah shirkado kala duwan oo dawladeed isagoo soo jeediyay inuu damacsan yahay inuu la wareego shirkadda kadibna uu iibiyo saamigiisa faa'iido, taasoo keentay in dadka indha indheeya ay u maleynayaan inuu ku hawlan yahay ganacsiga cagaaran .waqtiga New York waxay ogaatay in uu markii hore malaayiin doolar ku sameeyay macaamil ganacsi oo noocaas ah, laakiin "luminaya inta badan, haddii aysan ahayn dhammaan, faa'iidooyinkaas ka dib markii maalgashadayaasha ay joojiyeen in ay si dhab ah u qaataan hadalkiisa". [[File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG|thumb|Xiddiga Trump ee Socodka caanka ah ee Hollywood]] 1988, Trump waxa uu iibsaday Shuttle-ka Diyaaradaha ee Bari , isaga oo ku maal-geliyay iibsiga $380 milyan (oo u dhiganta $1.01 bilyan ee 2024 oo amaah ah oo ka socota bangiyada 22. Waxa uu u beddelay shirkadda duulimaadka ee Trump Shuttle waxana uu ku shaqaynayey ilaa 1992. Waxa uu diiday deymihiisii ​​1991-kii, lahaanshahana waxa uu u gudbay bangiyada. 1996-kii, wuxuu soo iibsaday Miss Universe pageants, oo ay ku jiraan Miss USA iyo Miss Teen USA . Sababtoo ah khilaafyada CBS ee ku saabsan jadwalka, wuxuu u qaaday labada bog ee NBC ee 2002. 2007, wuxuu helay xiddig ku socda Hollywood Walk of Fame shaqadiisa soo saaraha Miss Universe. NBC iyo Univision waxay hoos u dhigeen boggaga bishii Juun 2015 iyaga oo ka falcelinaya faallooyinkiisa ku saabsan soogalootiga Mexico. Sannadkii 2005, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Jaamacadda Trump , oo ah shirkad iibisa siminaarada guryaha ilaa $35,000. Ka dib markii maamulka Gobolka New York ay ku wargaliyeen shirkadda in isticmaalkeeda "jaamacad" ay jabisay sharciga gobolka (maadaama aysan ahayn machad akadeemiyadeed), magaceeda waxaa loo beddelay Trump Entrepreneur Initiative 2010. Sannadkii 2013, Gobolka New York wuxuu gudbiyay $ 40 milyan dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Jaamacadda Trump, isagoo ku eedeeyay in shirkadu ay samaysay hadallo been abuur ah oo ay khiyaanaysay macaamiisha. Intaa waxaa dheer, laba tallaabo oo heer caalami ah ayaa laga gudbiyay maxkamad federaali ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyo shirkadihiisa. Dukumiintiyo gudaha ah ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in shaqaalaha lagu amray inay adeegsadaan qaab si adag loo iibiyo, waxaana shaqaalihii hore ay caddeeyeen in jaamacadda Trump ay khiyaameysay ama been u sheegtay ardaydeeda. Wax yar ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016, wuxuu ogolaaday inuu bixiyo wadarta $ 25 milyan si loo xalliyo saddexda kiis. ===Aasaaska=== Donald J. Trump Foundation wuxuu ahaa aasaaska gaarka ah ee la aasaasay 1988. Laga soo bilaabo 1987 ilaa 2006, Trump wuxuu siiyay aasaaskiisa $ 5.4 milyan, taas oo ku baxday dhammaadkii 2006 . Vince McMahon . Aasaaska ayaa la siiyay samafalka caafimaadka- iyo isboortiga la xiriira, kooxaha muxaafidka ah, iyo samafal oo qabtay munaasabadaha guryaha Trump. Sannadkii 2016, The Washington Post ayaa sheegtay in hay'ad samafal ahi ay geysatay dhowr xadgudubyo xagga sharciga iyo anshaxa ah, oo ay ku jiraan is-wax-ka-qabasho iyo canshuur lunsi . Sidoo kale 2016, xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York ayaa sheegay in aasaaska uu ku xad-gudbay sharciga gobolka iyadoo la codsanayo deeqaha iyada oo aan la soo gudbin xisaab-celinta dibadda ee sannadlaha ah ee loo baahan yahay oo uu ku amray inay joojiso hawlaheeda lacag-ururinta ee New York isla markiiba. Kooxda Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay December 2016 in aasaaska la burburin doono. Bishii Juun 2018, xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York wuxuu gudbiyay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah aasaaska, Trump, iyo caruurtiisa qaangaarka, iyagoo raadinaya $2.8 milyan oo magdhow ah iyo ganaaxyo dheeraad ah. Bishii Diseembar 2018, aasaaska shaqada wuu joojiyay oo wuxuu u qaybiyay hantidiisa hay'ado kale oo samafal ah. ]Bishii Noofambar 2019, garsooraha gobolka New York ayaa ku amray Trump inuu bixiyo $2 milyan oo doolar koox samafal ah oo si khaldan u isticmaalay lacagaha mu'asasada, qayb ahaan si loo maalgeliyo ololihiisa madaxtinimo. ===Arrimaha sharciga iyo kacsiga=== Marka loo eego dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyay faylalka maxkamadda gobolka iyo federaalka oo ay samaysay USA Today sanadkii 2018, Trump iyo ganacsigiisu waxay ku lug lahaayeen in ka badan 4,000 oo tallaabo sharci oo heer gobol iyo federaal ah. Inkastoo uusan u xarayn kicinta shakhsi ahaaneed , ganacsigiisa hudheelka iyo casinos ee Atlantic City iyo New York wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix jeer intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009. Waxay sii wadeen inay shaqeeyaan halka bangiyada ay dib u habeyn ku sameeyeen deynta waxayna yareeyeen saamiyadiisa guryaha. Intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii, in ka badan 70 bangi ayaa Trump amaahiyay $4 bilyan. Ka dib markii uu kacday shirkaddiisa horraantii 1990-meeyadii, bangiyada ugu waaweyn, marka laga reebo Deutsche Bank , waxay diideen inay amaahiyaan isaga. Ka dib weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol , bangigu wuxuu go'aansaday inuusan ganacsi la samayn isaga ama shirkadiisa xiriirka la leh mustaqbalka. ===Maalka=== [[File:State Visit of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia State Dinner Receiving Line with Ivana Trump and Donald Trump in East Room - DPLA - 1a44d05819eab8ba3dcf7a6883ad92ba.jpg|thumb|Trump (midigta midig) iyo xaaskiisa Ivana oo 1985-kii casho sharaf dawladeed u sameeyey [[Boqor]] Fahad ee [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo ay la yeesheen Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan iyo Marwada 1aad ee Nancy Reagan]] Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu shaqadiisa ku bilaabay “amaah yar oo hal milyan oo dollar ah” oo uu aabihii ka helay oo ay ahayd in uu dib ugu bixiyo ribo. Waxa uu ka amaahday ugu yaraan $60 milyan aabbihii, inta badan ma bixin deymihii, oo waxa uu ka helay $413 milyan oo kale (2018 u dhiganta, oo loo habeeyey sicir bararka) shirkadda aabihiis.  Isaga oo iska dhigaya sarkaal ka tirsan Ururka Trump oo lagu magacaabo " John Barron ", Trump wuxuu wacay saxafiga Jonathan Greenberg [[1984]], isagoo isku dayaya inuu darajo sare ka helo liiska Forbes 400 ee hodanka Mareykanka. Trump wuxuu iskiis u sheegay qiimihiisa saafiga ah: laga jaray $900 milyan 1990  ilaa $10 bilyan 2015. Sannadkii 2015, Forbes wuxuu ku qiyaasay hantidiisa $4.5 bilyan, iyadoo lagu salaynayo waraysiyo lala yeeshay in ka badan 80 ilo. Sannadkii 2025, majaladda ayaa ku qiyaastay hantidiisa $5.1 bilyan waxayna ku qiimeysay qofka 700-aad ee ugu qanisan adduunka. ==Xirfadda warbaahinta== Trump waxa uu daabacay 19 buug oo magaciisa ku qoran, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay qoreen ama ay qoreen kuwa wax qora . Buugiisi ugu horeeyay, The Art of the Deal (1987), waxa uu ahaa New York Times iibiyaha ugu fiican , waxaana lagu tiriyaa New Yorker in uu Trump ka dhigay mid caan ku ah "astaanta maalqabeenada guulaystay". Buugga waxaa qoray Tony Schwartz , kaas oo loo aqoonsan yahay qoraaga. Trump wuxuu lahaa muuqaalo filimaan badan iyo bandhigyo telefishan laga soo bilaabo 1985 ilaa 2001 . Wuxuu si goos-goos ah ugu soo muuqday shirkadda legdinta ee WWE laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii oo ay ku jiraan WrestleMania 23 ee 2007. Laga bilaabo 1990-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu u muuqday 24 jeer isagoo marti ku ah bandhigga Howard Stern Show ee qaranka . Waxa uu lahaa barnaamij sheeko gaaban oo raadiyaha ah, Trumped! , laga bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2008. Laga soo bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2015, wuxuu ahaa faallooyinka martida ee Fox & Friends . Sannadkii 2021, Trump, oo xubin ka ahaa tan iyo 1989, wuu iska casilay SAG-AFTRA si uu uga fogaado dhageysiga edbinta ee ku saabsan weerarkii Janaayo 6. Laba maalmood ka dib, ururka shaqaalaha ayaa si joogto ah u diiday isaga. ===Tababbarka iyo Xirfadlaha caanka ah=== Soo saaraha Mark Burnett ayaa Trump ka dhigay xiddig telefishan ah markii uu abuuray The Apprentice , kaas oo Trump uu martigeliyay 2004 ilaa 2015 (oo ay ku jiraan kala duwanaanshaha The Celebrity Apprentice ). Bandhigyada, waxa uu ahaa madaxa fulinta sare oo meesha ka saaray tartamayaasha odhaahda " waad cayrisay". The New York Times ayaa ugu yeedhay sawirkiisa "mid aad u faanaysi badan, oo aad u khayaali ah" naftiisa. Bandhigyadu waxay dib u dhigeen sawirka Trump malaayiin daawadayaal ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. Heshiisyada shatiga ee la xidhiidha, waxay kasbadeen in ka badan $400 milyan. ==Himilooyinka siyaasadeed ee hore== Trump wuxuu ka diiwaan gashan yahay Jamhuuriya ahaan Queens 1969 iyo Manhattan 1987; xubin ka mid ah Xisbiga Madaxbanaanida , gobolka New York ee xisbiga Reform Party , 1999; Dimuqraadiyiintii 2001 ; Jamhuuriyaddii 2009; aan xiriir la lahayn 2011; iyo Jamhuuriya 2012 [[File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor.jpg|thumb|Isagoo ka hadlaya CPAC , [[Febraayo]] 2011]] 1987, Trump wuxuu xayeysiisyo bog buuxa ah ku dhejiyay wargeysyada waaweyn oo muujinaya aragtidiisa ku aaddan siyaasadda dibadda iyo sida loo tirtiro hoos u dhaca miisaaniyadda federaalka. Sannadkii 1988-kii, waxa uu la xidhiidhay Lee Atwater , isaga oo waydiisanaya in la tixgeliyo in uu yahay musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga ee George HW Bush . Bush wuxuu codsigaas u helay "mid qariib ah oo aan la rumaysan karin". Trump waxa uu ahaa musharrax 2000 ee xisbiga Reform Party ee horudhaca madaxtinnimada saddex bilood ka hor inta uusan ka tanaasulin Febraayo 2000 . Waxa uu ka hadlay shirkii waxqabadka siyaasadda ee muxaafidka bishii Febraayo, wuxuuna khudbado ka jeediyay gobollada horudhaca ah ee horudhaca ah. Bishii Maajo 2011, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuusan tartami doonin ==2016 doorashada madaxweynaha== Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay inuu u sharaxan yahay doorashada 2016 June 2015. Waxa uu u ololeeyay sidii maalqabeen, ganacsade guul leh iyo shisheeye aan khibrad siyaasadeed lahayn, wuxuuna ku andacoodey in warbaahintu u xaglinayso isaga. Hadaladiisa ol'olaha badanaa waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan caddayn oo soo jeedin ah, iyo lambarka rikoodhku waa been. Waxa uu noqday murashaxa ugu horreeya ee Jamhuuriga bishii March 2016 waxaana lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay musharaxa Jamhuuriga ee la malaynayo bishii May [[File:Donald_Trump_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg|thumb|Ololaha Arizona, Maarso 2016]] Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay NATO mid "dhacday" iyo aragtiyo la isku halleyn karo oo lagu tilmaamay Washington Post inay yihiin kuwo aan dhexdhexaad ahayn iyo ilaalin . Ololihiisa ololaha wuxuu xooga saaray dib u gorgortanka xiriirka US-China iyo heshiisyada ganacsiga xorta ah sida NAFTA iyo si adag u dhaqan gelinta sharciyada socdaalka. Jagooyinka kale ee ololaha waxaa ka mid ah raadinta madaxbannaanida tamarta iyada oo ka soo horjeeda xeerarka isbeddelka cimilada, casriyeynta adeegyada loogu talagalay halyeeyada , baabi'inta iyo beddelka sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo , baabi'inta heerarka waxbarashada aasaasiga ah , maalgelinta kaabayaasha , fududaynta koodhka canshuurta iyada oo la dhimayo canshuuraha, iyo ku soo rogida canshuuraha soo dejinta ee shirkadaha ka shaqeeya xeebaha. Waxa uu ku taliyey in la kordhiyo kharashaadka milatariga iyo in si xad dhaaf ah loo baadho ama laga mamnuuco soogalootiga dalalka Muslimka u badan. Waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu darbi ka dhisayo xudduudda Mexico iyo Maraykanka, waxa uuna wacad ku maray in Mexico ay bixin doonto kharashka. Wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu masaafurin doono malaayiin muhaajiriin sharci darro ah oo ku nool Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaleeceeyay dhalashada dhalashada inuu dhiirigelinayo " carruurta barroosinka ah ". Sida laga soo xigtay falanqaynta Sayniska Siyaasadda ee Quarterly , Trump wuxuu sameeyay "ras-raac cad oo cunsurinimo iyo jinsiyeed ah si uu uga guuleysto codbixiyayaasha cadaanka ah" intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxtinimada ee 2016. Gaar ahaan, khudbadiisii ​​ololaha ololaha ayaa soo jiidatay dhaleeceyn ku aaddan sheegashada muhaajiriinta reer Mexico "waxay keeneen daroogo, waxay keeneen dambi, waa kufsi"; oo ka jawaabaya, NBC waxay ka eriday Xirfadlaha caanka ah . Warbixinada Trump ee FEC ee looga baahan yahay ayaa ku taxay hantida ka sareysa $1.4 bilyan iyo deymaha taagan ee ugu yaraan $315 milyan. Ma uusan sii deyn canshuur celintiisa , taasoo lid ku ah dhaqanka musharax kasta oo weyn tan iyo 1976 iyo ballanqaadkiisii ​​2014 iyo 2015 inuu sidaas sameyn doono haddii uu u tartamo jagada. ( 166 ) Wuxuu sheegay in canshuur celintiisa la baarayo , qareennadiisuna ay kula taliyeen inuusan sii deyn. Kadib dagaal dheer oo maxkamadeed oo lagu joojinayo sii deynta canshuur celintiisa iyo diiwaanada kale ee qareenka degmada Manhattan si loogu sameeyo dambi baaris, oo ay ku jiraan laba racfaan oo uu Trump u gudbiyay Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka , Febraayo 2021 maxkamadda sare waxay ogolaatay in diiwaannada loo sii daayo dacwad oogaha si ay u eegaan xeerbeegti weyn. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, qaybo ka mid ah dacwadaha gobolka Trump ee 1995 ayaa loo siidaayay wariye ka socda New York Times . Waxay muujinayaan inuu ku dhawaaqay inuu khasaaray $ 916 milyan sanadkaas, taas oo u ogolaan karta inuu ka fogaado canshuuraha ilaa 18 sano. Trump ayaa ku guuleystay 306 cod oo la ballanqaaday halka 232 ay heshay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary Clinton . Ka dib markii doorashadi labada dhinac ay ka baxeen , tirinta rasmiga ah waxay ahayd 304 ilaa 227 . Waxa uu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan ka mid ahayn ciidamada, mana qaban wax xafiis dawladeed ka hor inta uusan noqon madaxweynaha. Doorashadiisu waxay calaamad u ahayd soo noqoshada dawlad Jamhuuriya oo aan qaybsanayn . Guusha Trump waxay dhalisay mudaaharaadyo ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Maraykanka ==Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay (2017-2021)== [[File:Donald_Trump_swearing_in_ceremony.jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , oo uu maamulayo madaxa cadaalada John G. Roberts Jr. , Janaayo 20, 2017]] [[File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg|thumb|Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2017]] ===Ficilada hore=== Trump ayaa la caleemasaaray Janaayo 20, 2017. Maalin ka dib markii la caleemasaaray, qiyaastii 2.6 milyan oo qof oo adduunka ah, oo ay ku jiraan 500,000 oo ku nool Washington, DC, ayaa mudaaharaad ka dhan ah isaga oo ka qeyb qaatay socodkii haweenka . Intii lagu guda jiray usbuucii ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump wuxuu saxiixay lix amar fulineed , oo ay ku jiraan oggolaanshaha habraacyada baabi'inta sharciga ilaalinta bukaanka iyo daryeelka la awoodi karo ("Obamacare"), ka noqoshada wada-xaajoodka iskaashiga Trans-Pacific, horumarinta mashaariicda Keystone XL iyo Dakota Access Pipeline , iyo qorsheynta darbiga xadka Maraykanka ee Mexico. ===Isku dhacyada xiisaha=== Ka hor inta aan la caleema-saarin, Trump wuxuu ganacsigiisa u raray kalsooni la burin karo , halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa kalsooni indho la'aan ama habayn u dhigma "si uu naftiisa uga gooyo danihiisa ganacsi". Wuxuu sii waday inuu ka faa'iidaysto ganacsigiisa wuxuuna ogaa sida siyaasadda maamulkiisu u saamaysay. Inkasta oo uu sheegay in uu ka fogaan doono "heshiisyada cusub ee ajnabiga ah", Ururka Trump wuxuu dabagalay ballaarinta hawlgalka ee Scotland, Dubai, iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dominican. ​​Lobbyists, saraakiisha dawladda shisheeye, deeq-bixiyeyaasha Trump iyo xulafadooda ayaa boqolaal milyan oo doolar u soo ururiyay goobihiisa dalxiiska iyo hoteellada. Trump ayaa lagu dacweeyay inuu ku xad-gudbay Qodobbada Emoluments Gudaha iyo Dibadda ee Dastuurka Mareykanka , markii ugu horreysay ee qodobbada si cad loo dacweeyay. Hal kiis ayaa lagu diiday maxkamadda hoose. Labo ayaa Maxkamadda Sare ay shaqada ka cayrisay ka dib markii uu xilka qabtay. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu ugu deeqayo mushaharkiisa madaxtinnimo iyo faa'iidada uu ka helo dammaanadda shisheeye ee dawladda Maraykanka. Waxa uu ugu deeqay mushaharkiisa hay'adaha federaalka waxana uu dacaayadeeyay deeq kasta ilaa Juulay 2020. Wakaaladaha federaaliga ah ee ay sahamisay The Washington Post bishii Luulyo 2021 waxa ay sheegeen in aanay wax hadiyad ah helin wixii ka dambeeyay bishaas. Muwaadiniinta Mas'uuliyadda iyo Anshaxa ee Washington ayaa sheegay 2024 inuu ku deeqay $448,000 oo lagu qiyaasay $13.6 milyan oo lacag ah oo uu ka helay dawlado shisheeye muddadiisii ​​ugu horreysay. ===Siyaasadda gudaha=== Trump wuxuu xafiiska la wareegay meesha ugu sarreysa ballaarinta dhaqaale ee ugu dheer taariikhda Mareykanka, kaasoo bilaabmay 2009 oo socday ilaa Febraayo 2020, markii hoos u dhaca COVID-19 uu bilaabmay. Bishii Disembar 2017, wuxuu saxiixay Sharciga dhimista Canshuuraha iyo Shaqada ee 2017 . Waxay hoos u dhigtay qiimaha cashuuraha ee ganacsiyada iyo shakhsiyaadka waxayna meesha ka saartay ciqaabtii la xidhiidhay sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo . Maamulka Trump ayaa ku andacoonaya in ficilku aanu hoos u dhigi doonin dakhliga dawladda, laakiin dakhliga 2018 ayaa 7.6 boqolkiiba ka hooseeya saadaasha. Marka loo eego Trump, hoos u dhaca miisaaniyada federaalku wuxuu kordhay ku dhawaad ​​50 boqolkiiba, ilaa ku dhawaad ​​$ 1 trillion 2019. Dhammaadkii muddadiisa, deynta qaranka Mareykanka waxay kordheen 39 boqolkiiba, taasoo gaartay $ 27.75 trillion, iyo saamiga US-deficit-to-GDP ayaa ku dhuftey mid sare oo ka mid ah Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Trump waxa kale oo uu ku guuldarraystay in uu ka dhabeeyo ballan-qaadkiisii ​​ololaha ee ahaa $1 trillion oo qorshe kharash-bixineed oo kaabayaasha ah. Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee casriga ah ee Maraykanka ee xilka ka taga isaga oo ka shaqaale yar marka loo eego markii uu xilka qabtay, saddex milyan oo qof. Wuxuu diiday fikradda sayniska ee isbeddelka cimilada . Wuxuu hoos u dhigay miisaaniyada cilmi baarista tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo 40 boqolkiiba wuxuuna bedelay siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee lagu hagayay isbedelka cimilada. Wuxuu ka baxay heshiiskii Paris , taasoo ka dhigtay Mareykanka dalka kaliya ee aan ansixin. Wuxuu ujeedkiisu ahaa in kor loo qaado wax soo saarka iyo dhoofinta shidaalka fosil . Gaaska dabiiciga ah ayaa balaariyay Trump, laakiin dhuxusha ayaa sii waday hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu dib u soo celiyay in ka badan 100 xeerarka deegaanka ee federaalka, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa xakameyey qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo , wasakhowga hawada iyo biyaha, iyo isticmaalka walxaha sunta ah. Wuxuu wiiqay ilaalinta xoolaha iyo heerarka deegaanka ee mashaariicda kaabayaasha federaalka, wuxuuna balaariyay meelaha la oggol yahay ee qodista iyo soo saarista kheyraadka, sida oggolaanshaha qodista Qaxootiga Arctic . Trump wuxuu burburiyay xeerarkii federaalka ee caafimaadka, shaqada, deegaanka, iyo meelo kale, oo ay ku jiraan sharci baabi'iyay xeerkii xilligii Obama ee xaddidayay iibinta hubka dadka maskaxda ka xanuunsan. Inta lagu jiro lixdii toddobaad ee ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, wuxuu dib u dhigay, hakiyay, ama beddelay sagaashan xeer federaal ah, inta badan "kadib codsiyo ka yimid warshadaha nidaamsan". Machadka Daacadnimada Siyaasadda wuxuu ogaaday in 78 boqolkiiba soo jeedintiisa ay xannibeen maxkamadaha ama aysan ka adkaan dacwadda. Intii lagu guda jiray ololihiisa, Trump wuxuu wacad ku maray inuu baabi'in doono oo uu bedeli doono Sharciga Daryeelka La awoodi karo . Xafiiska, waxa uu hoos u dhigay fulinta sharciga iyada oo loo marayo amarada fulinta. Wuxuu muujiyay rabitaan ah inuu "u oggolaado Obamacare inuu guuldareysto"; maamulkiisu waxa uu kala badh ka dhimay xilliga is-diiwaangelinta waxana uu si weyn u dhimay dhaqaalihii loogu talo galay dhiirrigelinta diiwaangelinta. Bishii Juun 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu ku biiray 18 dawladood oo Jamhuurigu hoggaamiyo oo ku doodaya ka hor Maxkamadda Sare in baabi'inta ganaaxyada maaliyadeed ee la xidhiidha waajibaadka shakhsi ahaaneed ay ka dhigtay sharciga mid dastuuri ah. Codsigoodu wuxuu baabi'in lahaa caymiska caafimaadka ilaa 23 milyan oo Maraykan ah, laakiin kuma guulaysan. Intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016, Trump wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu ilaalin doono maalgelinta Medicare iyo barnaamijyada kale ee badbaadada bulshada. Janaayo 2020, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaanka inuu tixgeliyo dhimista iyaga. Isagoo ka jawaabaya cudurka faafa ee opioid , Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharci sanadka 2018 si loo kordhiyo maalgelinta daawaynta daroogada, laakiin waxaa si weyn loogu dhaleeceeyay inuu ku guuldareystay inuu sameeyo istiraatiijiyad la taaban karo. Wuxuu ka mamnuucay hay'adaha bixiya ilmo iska soo rididda ama u gudbinta ilmo soo rididda inay helaan lacagaha federaalka. Waxa uu sheegay in uu taageeray "guurka dhaqameed", laakiin wuxuu tixgeliyey sharcinimada waddanka oo dhan ee guurka isku jinsiga ah "la degay". Maamulkiisu waxa uu dib u rogay qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah ilaalinta goobta shaqada ee maamulka Obama ee ka dhanka ah takoorka dadka LGBTQ .Isku daygiisii ​​isku daygiisii ​​ee ilaalinta takoorka ee bukaannada transgender- ka bishii Agoosto 2020 waxaa joojiyay garsoore federaal ah ka dib markii ay xukuntay Maxkamadda Sare ay kordhisay ilaalinta xuquuqda madaniga ah ee shaqaalaha aqoonsiga jinsiga iyo jihada galmada. Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu ka soo horjeedo xakamaynta hubka , in kasta oo ay aragtidiisu is beddeshay muddo ka dib. Maamulkiisu waxa uu qaatay mawqif ka dhan ah marijuana , isaga oo burinaya siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee ilaalin jiray dawladaha sharciyeeyay marijuana. Waa u doode muddo dheer ah ee ciqaabta dilka ah, iyo maamulkiisu wuxuu kormeeray dawladda federaalka ah ee fulinta 13 maxbuus, in ka badan 56 sano ee hore marka la isku daro, oo soo afjaraya 17 sano oo joojin ah. Sannadkii 2016, wuxuu sheegay inuu taageersan yahay isticmaalka hababka jirdilka su'aalaha "jahannamo aad uga xun kan biyaha-qaadista . ===Xiriirka jinsiyadeed=== Faallooyinka Trump ee 2017 Mideynta Dibad-baxa Xaqa ah , oo cambaareeyay "bandhiggan foosha xun ee nacaybka, nacaybka iyo rabshadaha dhinacyo badan" oo sheegaya in ay jiraan "dad aad u fiican oo labada dhinac ah", ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay inay muujinayaan u dhigma akhlaaqda u dhexeeya dibad-baxayaasha sare-sare ee cadaanka ah iyo mudaaharaadayaasha. Bishii Janaayo 2018 dood ku saabsan sharciga socdaalka, waxaa la sheegay inuu u tixraacay El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, iyo wadamada Afrika sida "wadamada shithole". Hadaladiisa waxaa lagu cambaareeyay cunsurinimo. [[File:President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(49964153176).jpg|Iyadoo koox saraakiil iyo la-taliyeyaal ah ay ka soo lugeeyeen Aqalka Cad kuna sii jeeday Kaniisadda St.]] Bishii Luulyo 2019, Trump ayaa bartiisa twitterka ku soo qoray in afar haween ah oo ka tirsan Kongareeska Dimuqraadiga—dhammaan dadka laga tirada badan yahay, oo seddex ka mid ah ay u dhasheen Mareykanka - ay tahay inay " ku laabtaan " dalalkii ay "ka yimaadeen".Laba maalmood ka dib Golaha Wakiiladu waxay u codeeyeen 240-187, inta badan iyagoo raacaya xisbiyada, si ay u cambaareeyaan "faallooyinka cunsuriyadda". Daabacaada wadani ee cadaanka ah iyo warbaahinta bulshada ayaa amaanay hadaladiisa, kuwaas oo sii socday maalmaha soo socda. Waxa uu sii waday hadallo la mid ah intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2020. Bishii Juun 2020, intii lagu jiray mudaaharaadyadii George Floyd , saraakiisha fulinta sharciga federaalku waxay isticmaaleen sunta dadka ka ilmeysiisa iyo tabaha kale ee dadka si ay uga saaraan dad badan oo nabdoon oo mudaaharaadayaal sharci ah fagaaraha Lafayette , bannaanka Aqalka Cad . Trump ayaa markaa la soo baxay Kitaabka Quduuska ah si uu sawir uga qaado Kaniisadda Episcopal St. Hogaamiyeyaal ciidan oo badan oo shaqada ka fadhiistay iyo saraakiisha difaaca ayaa cambaareeyay soo jeedintiisa ah in uu isticmaalo millatariga Maraykanka mudaharaadayaasha ka soo horjeeda bilayska. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee uu Trump xilka hayay, waxa uu oggolaaday 237 codsi oo naxariis ah, taas oo ka yar dhammaan madaxweynayaashii tan iyo 1900-kii marka laga reebo George HW Bush iyo George W. Bush . Keliya 25 iyaga ka mid ah ayaa waxaa shaandheeyay Xafiiska Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Xafiiska Qareenka Cafiska ; kuwa kale waxaa la siiyay dadka xiriirka shakhsi ahaaneed ama siyaasadeed ee isaga, qoyskiisa, iyo xulafadiisa, ama ay ku taliyaan dadka caanka ah. Maalintii ugu dambaysay ee uu xafiiska joogay, waxa uu ogolaaday 73 cafis waxana uu ka khafiifiyay 70 xukun. Dhawr xulafada Trump ah uma qalmin cafis marka loo eego xeerarka Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo xaalado kale waaxdu waxay ka soo horjeedsatay naxariista. Cafiskii saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan ciidanka milatariga oo lagu helay ama lagu soo oogay dambiyo rabshado wata ayaa waxaa ka soo horjeestay hogaamiyayaasha ciidamada. ===Socdaalka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg|thumb|Baarista tusaalaha darbiga xadka ee Otay Mesa, California]] Madaxweyne ahaan, Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay socdaalka sharci darrada ah inuu yahay "duulaanka" Maraykanka oo uu si weyn u kordhiyay fulinta socdaalka. Wuxuu hirgeliyay siyaasado adag oo ka dhan ah magangalyo-doonka wuxuuna u daabulay ku dhawaad ​​6,000 oo askari xadka US-Mexico si ay u joojiyaan isgoysyada sharci darrada ah. Waxa uu hoos u dhigay tirada qaxootiga loo ogolaaday in ay diiwaan gashadaan, laga bilaabo xadka sanadlaha ah ee 110,000 ka hor inta uusan xafiiska la wareegin 15,000 ee 2021 . Mid ka mid ah ballamihiisii ​​ololaha dhexe waxa ay ahayd in uu derbi ka dhisayo xudduudda US-Mexico ; intii lagu jiray xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Maraykanku wuxuu dhisay 73 mayl (117 km) oo derbi ah meelaha aan lahayn caqabadaha iyo 365 mayl (587 km) si uu u beddelo caqabadaha hore. 2018, diidmada Trump ee ah in uu saxeexo kharash kasta oo kharash ah ilaa ay u qoondaysay maalgelinta darbiga xuduudka waxay keentay xidhidhkii ugu dheeraa abid ee dawladda dhexe , muddo 35 maalmood ah laga bilaabo Disembar 2018 ilaa Janaayo 2019. Si looga fogaado xidhitaan kale, Koongarasku waxa uu soo saaray biil dhaqaale oo dhan $1.4 bilyan oo loogu talagalay dayrarka xuduudaha bishii Febraayo. Trump ayaa markii dambe ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo heer qaran ah oo ku taal xudduudda koonfureed si uu u leexiyo $ 6.1 bilyan oo maalgelin ah derbiga xudduudaha inkastoo congress-ka is khilaafeen. Bishii Janaayo 2017, Trump wuxuu saxiixay amar fulin oo u diidaya inay soo galaan muwaadiniinta lix waddan oo Muslimiin u badan afar bilood iyo inay ka yimaadaan Suuriya si aan xad lahayn. Amarka ayaa sababay mudaaharaadyo badan iyo caqabado sharci taasoo keentay amarro dalka oo dhan ah . Amarka dib loo eegay oo bixiya qaar ka reeban ayaa sidoo kale xannibay maxkamadaha, laakiin Maxkamadda Sare waxay xukuntay bishii Juun in mamnuucida la fulin karo kuwa ka maqan " xidhiidh daacad ah oo lala yeesho qof ama hay'ad" gudaha Maraykanka saraakiil, laakiin waxay ka saareen Ciraaq iyo Suudaan. Maxkamadda Sare waxay ogolaatay in noocaas uu dhaqan galo Diseembar 2017, oo ugu dambeyntii taageertay xayiraadda 2019. Laga soo bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu lahaa siyaasad kala qaybsanaan qoys oo kala saaray in ka badan 4,400 carruurta soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee waalidkood, 2 ee Maraykanka . Siyaasad aan hore loo arag. ayaa dalka ka dhalisay cadho dadweyne. Inkasta oo Trump uu markii hore eedaynayay Dimuqraadiyiinta oo uu ku adkaystay inuusan joojin karin siyaasadda amarka fulinta, wuxuu aqbalay cadaadiska dadweynaha bishii Juun 2018 wuxuuna amray in qoysaska soogalootiga sharci-darrada ah la wada xiro haddii aysan "ay jirin walaac" khatarta ilmaha. Garsooraha ayaa markii dambe amar ku bixiyay in qoysaska la isu keeno oo kala fogaansho dheeraad ah la joojiyo marka laga reebo xaalado xaddidan, inkastoo in ka badan 1,000 carruur dheeraad ah laga soocay qoysaskooda amarka ka dib. ===Siyaasada Arimaha Dibada=== [[File:-G7Biarritz_(48616362963).jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyayaasha G7 ayaa shir madaxeedka 45-aad ee Fransiiska, 2019]] Trump wuxuu isku tilmaamay inuu yahay "qaraniyad" iyo siyaasadiisa arrimaha dibadda " Ameerika 1aad ". Waxa uu taageeray dawladihii populist , neo-nationalist , iyo dawlado kali-talis ah. Saadalin la'aan, hubanti la'aan, iyo iswaafaqla'aan ayaa lagu gartaa xiriirka dibadda intii uu xilka hayay. Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo xulafadiisa reer Yurub waxa uu ahaa mid xun intii uu Trump joogay. Wuxuu dhaleeceeyay xulafada NATO wuxuuna si gaar ah u soo jeediyay in Maraykanku ka baxo NATO . Trump wuxuu taageeray siyaasado badan oo ka mid ah siyaasadaha ra'iisul wasaaraha Israel Benjamin Netanyahu . Sannadkii 2020, Trump waxa uu martigeliyay saxeexa heshiiskii Abraham ee u dhexeeyay Israa’iil iyo Imaaraadka Carabta iyo Baxrayn si ay caadi uga dhigaan xidhiidhkooda dibadda. [[File:President_Trump_%26_the_First_Lady%27s_Trip_to_Europe_(42547210635).jpg|thumb|Isagoo gacan qaadaya madaxweynaha [[Ruushka]] Vladimir Putin intii lagu jiray shirkii 2018 ee Helsinki , [[Finland]]]] Trump ayaa dagaal ganacsi la bilaabay Shiinaha 2018 ka dib markii uu ku soo rogay canshuuro iyo caqabado kale oo ganacsi oo uu sheegay in ay ku qasbi doonto Shiinaha in ay soo afjarto ku dhaqanka ganacsiga cadaalad darada ah ee mudada dheer soo jiray iyo ku xadgudubka hantida garaadka . Trump waxa uu wiiqay cunaqabatayntii ugu adkeyd ee uu Maraykanku soo rogay ka dib markii 2014 uu Ruushku la wareegay Kiirymiia . Trump wuu ammaanay oo, sida ay sheegeen qaar ka mid ah dadka dhaleeceeyay, dhif ayuu u dhaleeceeyay madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin , inkasta oo uu ka soo horjeestay tallaabooyinka qaar ee dawladda Ruushka. Waxa uu Maraykanka ka saaray heshiiska dhex-dhexaadka ah ee ciidamada Nukliyeerka , isaga oo u cuskanaya in Ruushku aanu u hoggaansamin, oo uu taageeray suurtagalnimada in Ruushku ku soo laabto G7 . Iyada oo hubka Nukliyeerka ee Waqooyiga Kuuriya loo arkayay khatar halis ah, Trump wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Maraykan ah ee la kulma hoggaamiyaha Kuuriyada Waqooyi, oo la kulmay Kim Jong Un saddex jeer : Singapore bishii Juun 2018, Hanoi bishii Febraayo 2019, iyo Aagga Dillatari ee Kuuriya ee Juun 2019 ===Shaqaale=== Dhammaadkii sannadkii ugu horreeyay ee Trump xafiiska, 34 boqolkiiba shaqaalahiisa asalka ah waa ay iska casileen, shaqada laga eryay, ama waa la bedelay. Ilaa Luulyo 2018, 61 boqolkiiba kaaliyeyaashiisa sare ayaa ka tagay iyo shaqaalaha 141 ayaa ka tagay sannadkii hore. Labada tiroba waxay dhigayaan rikoodh madaxweynayaashii dhawaa. Kaaliyeyaasha gaarka ah ee u dhow Trump ayaa shaqada ka tagay ama lagu qasbay. Waxa uu si cad u bahdilay dhowr ka mid ah saraakiishiisii ​​ugu sarraysay. Trump wuxuu lahaa afar madax oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad , isaga oo fogeynaya ama riixaya dhowr. Bishii Maajo 2017, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay agaasimihii FBI James Comey , isagoo sheegay maalmo ka dib inuu ka walaacsan yahay doorka Comey ee baaritaannada Trump iyo Ruushka. Saddex ka mid ah 15-kii xubnood ee asalka ahaa ee Trump ayaa baxay ama lagu qasbay inay is casilaan sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay. Trump wuu ka gaabiyay inuu magacaabo saraakiisha heerka labaad ee waaxda fulinta, isagoo sheegay in jagooyin badan oo aan loo baahnayn. Bishii Oktoobar 2017, waxaa jiray boqollaal jagooyin hoosaadyo ah oo aan la magacaabin. Ilaa Janaayo 8, 2019, ee 706 jagooyin muhiim ah, 433 ayaa la buuxiyay mana uusan u magacaabin 264. ===Garsoorka=== Trump ayaa magacaabay 226 garsoore oo heer federaal ah , oo ay ku jiraan 54 ka mid ah maxkamadaha rafcaanka iyo saddex ka mid ah maxkamadda sare : Neil Gorsuch , Brett Kavanaugh , iyo Amy Coney Barrett . Magacaabistiisa Maxkamadda Sare waxay siyaasad ahaan u wareejisay Maxkamadda dhinaca midig. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ballan qaaday in Roe v. Wade la rogi doono "si toos ah" haddii isaga la doorto oo la siiyo fursad uu ku magacaabo laba ama saddex garsoorayaasha ka hortagga ilmo soo rididda. Ka dib waxa uu qaatay sumcad markii Roe uu afgembiyay Dobbs v. Jackson Ururka Caafimaadka Haweenka 2022; Dhammaan saddexdii xubnood ee uu soo magacaabay Maxkamadda Sare waxay ku codeeyeen aqlabiyadda. Trump wuxuu quudhsaday maxkamadaha iyo garsoorayaasha uu ku khilaafay, inta badan qaab shakhsiyeed, wuxuuna su'aal galiyay awoodda dastuuriga ah ee garsoorka. Weerradiisa uu ku qaaday maxkamadaha ayaa waxaa ka dhashay canaan ka timid goobjoogayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan garsoorayaal heer federaal ah oo fadhiyey, kuwaas oo ka walaacsanaa saamaynta hadalladiisu ku yeelan karaan madaxbannaanida garsoorka iyo kalsoonida shacabku ku qabaan garsoorka. ===Cudurka caalamiga ah covid-19=== [[File:White_House_Press_Briefing_(49666120807).jpg|thumb|Qabashada war-saxaafadeed COVID-19 ah oo lala yeelanayo xubnaha Aqalka Cad ee Hawl-galka Coronavirus Maarso 15, 2020]] Trump ayaa markii hore iska dhaga tiray digniinaha caafimaadka bulshada iyo baaqyada ah in tallaabo laga qaado saraakiisha caafimaadka ee maamulkiisa. Trump wuxuu aasaasay Ciidanka Aqalka Cad ee Coronavirus bishii Janaayo 29. Bishii Maarso 27, wuxuu saxiixay sharciga CARES Act - $ 2.2 trillion biilka kicinta dhaqaalaha laba geesoodka ah - kicinta ugu weyn taariikhda Mareykanka. Ka dib toddobaadyo weeraro ah si ay uga fogaato jawaabtiisa gaabis ah, Trump wuxuu joojiyay maalgelinta Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka bishii Abriil. Bishii Abriil 2020, kooxaha ku xiran Jamhuuriga ayaa abaabulay mudaaharaadyo ka dhan ah qufulka oo looga soo horjeedo tallaabooyinka ay dowladaha gobolladu qaadayeen si ay ula dagaallamaan masiibada; Trump ayaa ku dhiirigeliyay mudaaharaadyada Twitter-ka , in kasta oo dawladaha la beegsaday aysan la kulmin tilmaamaha maamulkiisa ee dib u furitaanka. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u cadaadiyay hay'adaha caafimaadka federaalka inay qaadaan tallaabooyin uu doorbiday, sida oggolaanshaha daaweynta aan la xaqiijin. Bishii Oktoobar, Trump waxa la dhigay cusbitaalka Xarunta Caafimaadka Qaranka ee Walter Reed muddo saddex maalmood ah iyada oo uu jiro kiis daran oo ah COVID-19 ===Baaritaanada=== Ka dib markii uu la wareegay xafiiska, Trump wuxuu ahaa mawduuca kordhinta Waaxda Caddaaladda iyo kormeerka Kongareeska, iyada oo la baarayo ololihiisa doorashada, kala-guurka, iyo caleema saarka, tallaabooyinkii la qaaday intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa, ganacsigiisa gaarka ah , canshuuraha shakhsi ahaaneed, iyo aasaaska samafalka . Waxaa jiray toban baaritaan dembi oo federaal ah, siddeed gobol iyo baaritaanno maxalli ah, iyo laba iyo toban baaritaan oo kongareeska ah. Bishii Luulyo 2016, FBI waxay bilawday duufaanta Crossfire , baaritaan ku saabsan xiriirka suurtagalka ah ee ka dhexeeya Ruushka iyo ololaha Trump ee 2016. Kadib markii Trump uu shaqada ka eryay Comey bishii Maajo 2017, FBI-da ayaa furtay baaritaan labaad oo ku saabsan xiriirkii shakhsi ahaaneed iyo ganacsi ee Trump uu la yeeshay Ruushka . Bishii Janaayo 2017, saddex hay'adood oo sirdoon oo Mareykan ah ayaa si wadajir ah u sheegay "kalsooni sare" in Ruushku uu farageliyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump. Shaki badan xidhiidho ka dhexeeya saaxiibada Trump iyo saraakiisha Ruushka ayaa la ogaaday. Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Ruushka ee doorashada. Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah ayaa markii dambe loo wareejiyay baaritaanka qareenka gaarka ah ee Robert Mueller ; Baaritaanka ku saabsan xiriirka Trump iyo Ruushka waxaa soo afjaray ku xigeenka xeer ilaaliyaha guud Rod Rosenstein ka dib markii uu u sheegay FBI in Mueller uu sii wadi doono arrinta. Codsiga Rosenstein, baaritaanka Mueller wuxuu baaray arrimaha dambiyada "ee la xiriira faragelinta doorashada 2016 ee Ruushka". Mueller ayaa soo gudbiyay warbixintiisii ​​u dambaysay bishii March 2019. Warbixintu waxay ogaatay in Ruushku uu farageliyay 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump iyo in Trump iyo ololihiisii ​​ay soo dhaweeyeen oo ay dhiiri galiyeen dadaalka, laakiin caddaynta "ma aysan xaqiijin" in Ruushka ama xubnaha ololaha Trump ay abaabuleen. Trump waxa uu ku andacooday in warbixintaasi ay ka saartay isaga in kasta oo Mueller uu qoray in aanay taasi dhicin. Warbixintu waxay sidoo kale faahfaahisay carqaladaynta suurtagalka ah ee caddaaladda ee Trump, laakiin "ma aysan soo saarin gabagabada kama dambaysta ah" oo ka tagtay go'aanka lagu soo oogay sharciyada Congress-ka. Bishii Abriil 2019, Guddiga Kormeerka ee Aqalka ayaa soo saaray amar maxkamadeed oo ay ku raadinayaan faahfaahin maaliyadeed bangiyada Trump, Deutsche Bank iyo Capital One , iyo shirkaddiisa xisaabaadka, Mazars USA . Wuxuu dacweeyay bangiyada, Mazars, iyo guddoomiyaha guddiga Elijah Cummings si looga hortago in la shaaciyo. Bishii Maajo, laba garsoore ayaa xukuntay in Mazars iyo bangiyada labadaba ay tahay inay u hoggaansamaan amar-qaadista; . Qareennada Trump ayaa racfaan ka qaatay. Bishii Sebtembar 2022, Trump iyo guddiga ayaa ku heshiiyey heshiis ku saabsan Mazars, shirkadduna waxay bilowday inay wareejiso dukumentiyada. ===Eedaynta=== [[File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_(49498772251).jpg|thumb|Soo bandhigida cinwaanka "Trump waa la sii daayay" 2020]] Trump waxaa laba jeer xilka ka xayuubiyey aqalka kongress-ka, in kastoo aqalka senate-ka ay labada jeerba dambi ku soo oogeen. Xil ka qaadistii ugu horeysay ayaa ka dhalatay cabasho sir ah oo [[Bilaha]] [[Luuliyo]] 2019 Trump ku cadaadiyay madaxweynaha [[Yukrayn]] [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] inuu baadho Joe iyo Hunter [[Biden]], isagoo isku dayaya inuu faa'iido ka helo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2020 . Bishii [[Disembar]] 2019, aqalku wuxuu u codeeyay in Trump lagu soo oogo ku takri fal awoodeed iyo carqaladeyn Kongress-ka , iyo Senatka ayaa dambi ku waayay [[Febraayo]] 2020. Xil ka qaadista labaad ayaa timid ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo ee Capitol, kaas oo aqalku uu Trump ku soo oogay in uu kiciyay kacdoon 13-kii Janaayo 2021. Trump ayaa xafiiska ka tagay 20-kii Janaayo, waxaana lagu sii daayay Febraayo 13. Todobo senate oo Jamhuuriya ayaa u codeeyay xukun. ===2020 doorashada madaxweynaha=== Trump wuxuu xareeyay inuu u tartamo dib-u-doorashada saacado yar uun ka dib markii uu noqday madaxweynaha 2017. Waxa uu qabtay isu soo baxkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee dib-u-doorashada wax ka yar bil ka dib markii uu xafiiska qabtay wuxuuna si rasmi ah u noqday musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga Agoosto 2020. Ololaha Trump wuxuu diiradda saaray dambiyada, isagoo ku andacoonaya in magaalooyinka ay hoos ugu dhici doonaan sharci-darro haddii Dimuqraadigu ku guuleysto doorashada. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u beeniyey boosaska Biden wuxuuna ka codsaday cunsuriyadda. Laga bilaabo horraantii 2020, Trump wuxuu abuuray shaki ku saabsan doorashada, isagoo ku andacoonaya caddayn la'aan in la musuqmaasuqi doono iyo in isticmaalka baahsan ee waraaqaha waraaqaha ay soo saari doonto khiyaamo doorasho oo ballaaran. Wuxuu xannibay maalgelinta Adeegga Boostada Mareykanka , isagoo sheegay inuu doonayo inuu ka hortago koror kasta oo ku yimaada codbixinta boostada. Wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu diiday inuu sheego inuu aqbali doono natiijada haddii laga guulaysto oo uu ballan qaado in si nabad ah xukunka loogu kala wareejiyo . ===Luminta Biden iyo diidmada natiijada=== Biden wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii November 2020, isagoo helay 81.3 milyan cod (51.3 boqolkiiba) Trump's 74.2 milyan (46.8 boqolkiiba ) iyo 306 codadka doorashada ee Trump 's 232 . subaxa ka dib doorashada. Maalmo ka dib, markii Biden la saadaaliyay in uu guulaysanayo, Trump waxa uu si aan sal iyo raad toona lahayn u eedeeyay musuqmaasuqa doorashada. Iyadoo qayb ka ah dadaalka lagu doonayo in lagu baabi'iyo natiijada , Trump iyo xulafadiisa ayaa gudbiyay dacwado badan oo ka dhan ah natiijooyinka , kuwaas oo ay diideen ugu yaraan 86 garsoore oo ka tirsan maxkamadaha gobolka iyo federaalka labadaba iyagoo aan lahayn wax xaqiiqo ah ama sharci ah. Eedeymaha Trump waxaa sidoo kale beeniyay saraakiisha doorashada ee gobolka, Maxkamadda Sare ayaa diiday in ay dhageysato kiis lagu codsanayo in la baabi'iyo natiijada afar gobol oo uu ku guuleystay Biden. Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u raadsaday caawimo si uu u rogo natiijooyinka, isaga oo shakhsi ahaan cadaadis saaraya Jamhuuriga maxalliga ah iyo kuwa haya xafiisyada gobolka, Sharci-dejiyaha Jamhuuriga, Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo Madaxweyne Ku-Xigeenka Pence, oo ku boorriyay ficillada sida beddelka cod-bixiyeyaasha madaxweynaha , ama in saraakiisha Georgia ay ku dhawaaqeen natiijada "dhammaan" Toddobaadyadii doorashada ka dib, Trump wuu ka baxay hawlihii guud. Waxa uu markii hore ka horjoogsaday saraakiisha dawladda in ay la shaqeeyaan Biden ee ku-meel-gaadhka madaxweynenimada . Saddex toddobaad ka dib, maamulaha Maamulka Adeegyada Guud wuxuu ku dhawaaqay Biden "guuleeyaha muuqda" ee doorashada, isaga oo u oggolaanaya bixinta agabka kala-guurka kooxdiisa. Inkastoo Trump uu sheegay in uu ku taliyay in GSA ay bilowdo hab-maamuuska kala-guurka, weli si rasmi ah uma uusan aqbalin. Trump kama uusan qeybgalin xafladdii Biden ee Janaayo 20. ===Janaayo 6-dii weerarkii Capitol=== Bishii Disembar 2020, waxaa soo baxay warbixino sheegaya in hoggaamiyeyaasha millatariga Mareykanka ay heegan sare ku jireen, saraakiisha darajo sarena ay ka wada hadleen waxa la sameeyo haddii Trump uu ku dhawaaqo sharciga dagaalka . Agaasimaha CIA Gina Haspel iyo General General Mark Milley , oo ah gudoomiyaha Taliyaasha Wadajirka ah ee Shaqaalaha , ayaa ka walaacsanaa in Trump uu isku dayo inqilaab ama tallaabo militari oo ka dhan ah Shiinaha ama Iran. Milley wuxuu ku adkaystay in lagala tashado amar kasta oo militari oo ka yimaada Trump, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka hubka nukliyeerka. [[File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_(50820534063)_(retouched).jpg|thumb|Dadweyne taageersan Trump intii uu weerarka socday]] Duhurnimadii Janaayo 6, 2021, iyadoo Congress-ka uu caddaynayay natiijada doorashada madaxtinimada ee Capitol US , Trump wuxuu ku qabtay isu soo bax ka dhacay Ellipse oo u dhow . Isagoo ka hadlayay gadaasha muraayad dhalo ah, wuxuu ku baaqay in doorashada la rogo wuxuuna ku booriyay taageerayaashiisa inay "la dagaalamaan sida cadaabta" oo "ay dib u soo ceshadaan waddankeena" iyagoo u socda Capitol. Taageerayaashiisa ayaa markaa sameeyay koox koox ah oo jebisay dhismaha , carqaladeeyay shahaadada waxayna sababtay daad-gureynta Congress-kaaIintii lagu guda jiray weerarka, Trump wuxuu ku dhajiyay baraha bulshada laakiin ma uusan weydiisan rabshado inay kala firdhiyaan. Qoraal uu soo dhigay bartiisa Twitter -ka 6-dii maqribnimo ayuu u sheegay in ay “Guryaha ku tagaan jacayl & nabad”, waxa uu ugu yeeray “wadani-weyn”, waxa uuna ku celiyay in uu ku guuleystay doorashada. Koongarasku mar dambe ayaa dib loo furay oo xaqiijiyay guushii Biden saacadihii hore ee Janaayo 7. In ka badan 140 booliis ah ayaa ku dhaawacmay, shan qofna way dhinteen intii uu socday ama ka dib weerarka. Dhacdadan ayaa lagu tilmaamay isku day afgambi oo uu sameeyay Trump. ==Inta u dhaxaysa madaxweynayaasha (2021-2025)== Markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ku noolaado Mar-a-Lago, isaga oo xafiis ka samaystay halkaas sida uu dhigayo sharciga madaxweynayaashii hore . Sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee sii socota ee ku saabsan doorashada 2020 waxaa caadi ahaan loogu yeeraa " beenta weyn " ee uu dhaleeceeyay, inkastoo May 2021, isaga iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa ay bilaabeen isticmaalka ereyga si ay u tixraacaan doorashada lafteeda. Xisbiga Jamhuurigu wuxuu u adeegsaday sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee ku saabsan doorashada si uu ugu caddeeyo soo rogida xannibaadaha codbixinta cusub ee ay ku jirto. Wuxuu sii waday inuu ku cadaadiyo sharci-dejiyeyaasha gobolka inay joojiyaan doorashada. Si ka duwan madaxweynayaashii hore ee kale, Trump wuxuu sii waday inuu xukumo xisbigiisa; profile 2022 ee New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay inuu yahay madaxa xisbiga casriga ah . Waxa uu sii waday lacag ururinta, isaga oo kor u qaaday xabad dagaal oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan laba jeer xisbiga Jamhuuriga, oo uu ka faa'iidaystay lacag ururinta musharaxiin badan oo Jamhuuri ah oo lagu qabtay Mar-a-Lago. Inta badan waxa uu diiradda saaray maamulka xisbiga iyo in uu xilal muhiim ah ka dhigo saraakiil isaga daacad u ah. Doorashadii xilliga dhexe ee 2022 , wuxuu taageeray in ka badan 200 oo musharraxiin ah oo u tartamaya xafiisyo kala duwan. Bishii Febraayo 2021, wuxuu diiwaangeliyay shirkad cusub, Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG), si ay u siiso "adeegyada isku xirka bulshada" macaamiisha Mareykanka. Bishii Maarso 2024, TMTG waxay ku biirtay shirkad soo iibsata ujeedo gaar ah oo Digital World Acquisition waxayna noqotay shirkad dadweyne . Bishii Febraayo 2022, TMTG waxay bilowday Truth Social , oo ah madal warbaahinta bulshada ah. ===Arrimaha sharciga=== Sannadkii 2019-kii, wariye E. Jean Carroll ayaa ku eedeeyay Trump inuu kufsaday 1990-meeyadii, wuxuuna ku dacweeyay sumcad-dil uu u geystay diidmadiisa. Carroll ayaa mar kale dacweeyay 2022 batari iyo sumcad dil dheeraad ah. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay xadgudub galmo iyo sumcad dil waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo $ 5 milyan hal kiis iyo $ 83.3 milyan kan kale. Maxkamadaha rafcaanka federaalku waxay taageereen natiijooyinkii iyo abaal-marintii Diseembar 2024 iyo Sebtembar 2025, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sannadkii 2022, New York waxay soo gudbisay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyada oo ku eedaysay inuu sare u qaaday qiimaha Ururka Trump si uu faa'iido uga helo bixiyeyaasha iyo bangiyada. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo ku dhawaad ​​$355 milyan oo lagu daray dulsaar. Bishii Agoosto 2025, maxkamadda rafcaanku waxay taageertay mas'uuliyadda Trump iyo ganaaxyada aan lacagta ahayn laakiin waxay meesha ka saartay ciqaabta lacageed oo xad dhaaf ah [[File:Classified_intelligence_material_found_during_search_of_Mar-a-Lago.jpg|thumb|Walax sirdoon oo sir ah ayaa la helay intii lagu jiray raadinta Mar-a-Lago]] Iyada oo la xidhiidha dadaalka Trump ee uu ku doonayo in uu ku joojiyo doorashada 2020 iyo ku lug lahaanshaha weerarkii January 6, December 2022 guddiga Aqalka Maraykanka ee weerarka ayaa soo jeediyay eedeymaha dambiyada ka dhanka ah isaga oo hor istaagay dacwad rasmi ah , shirqool lagu khiyaameeyay Maraykanka , iyo kicinta ama caawinta kacdoonka. Bishii Agoosto 2023, xeerbeegti weyn oo ku taal Fulton County, Georgia , ayaa ku soo oogtay 13 eedeymo, oo ay ku jiraan racketeering , dadaalkiisa uu ku doonayo inuu ku dumiyo doorashada 2020 ee gobolka. Bishii Janaayo 2022, Maamulka Kaydka iyo Diiwaanka Qaranka ayaa soo saaray 15 sanduuq oo dukumeenti ah oo Trump u qaaday Mar-a-Lago ka dib markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo qaarkood la sifeeyay. Baaritaankii Waaxda Caddaaladda ee xigay, mas'uuliyiintu waxay ka soo saareen dukumeentiyo sir ah oo badan oo qareenadiisa ah. Agoosto 8, 2022, wakiilada FBI waxay Mar-a-Lago ka baadheen dukumeenti si sharci darro ah loo haysto, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa jebinta sharciga basaasnimada , ururinta 11 dukumeenti qarsoodi ah, qaar sir sare leh. Xeer -beegti heer federaal ah oo uu sameeyay La-taliyaha Gaarka ah Jack Smith ayaa Trump ku soo oogay bishii Juun 2023 31 dacwadood oo ah "si ula kac ah u haynta macluumaadka difaaca qaranka" sida hoos timaada Xeerka Basaasnimada , iyo eedeymo kale. Trump wuu diiday dambiga. Bishii Luulyo 2024, garsoore Aileen Cannon ayaa meesha ka saaray kiiska , xukunka Smith magacaabistiisa xeer ilaaliye gaar ah wuxuu ahaa sharci darro. Bishii Maajo 2024, Trump waxaa lagu xukumay 34 dacwadood oo dembi ah oo ka been sheegay diiwaannada ganacsiga . Kiisku wuxuu ka yimid caddayn ah inuu ballansaday lacag-bixinnada lacagta-ka-soo-baxa ee Michael Cohen ee jilaa filimada qaangaarka ah ee Stormy Daniels sida kharashaadka ganacsiga si uu u daboolo eedeymihiisii ​​2006-2007 ee Daniels intii lagu jiray doorashadii 2016. Janaayo 10, 2025, xaakimku wuxuu siiyay Trump xukun ciqaab la'aan ah oo loo yaqaan siideyn shuruud la'aan ah, isagoo sheegay in shuruudaha ciqaabta ay faragelinayaan xasaanadda madaxweynaha. Ka dib markii dib loo doortay, kiiskii carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 iyo kiiskii dukumeentiyada qarsoodiga ahaa waa la eryay iyada oo aan la eedayn siyaasada Waaxda Cadaaladda ee ka dhanka ah dacwad qaadista madaxweynayaasha. ==2024 doorashada madaxweynaha== Bishii Noofambar 2022, Trump wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu u tartamayo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2024 wuxuuna abuuray akoon lacag ururin ah. Bishii Maarso 2023, ololuhu wuxuu bilaabay inuu u weeciyo boqolkiiba toban deeqaha hoggaankiisa PAC . Ololihiisu waxa uu bixiyay $100 milyan oo ku wajahan biilasha sharciga ah March 2024. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump wuxuu sameeyay hadallo rabshado wata oo isa soo taraya. Waxa uu sheegay in uu hubayn doono FBI-da iyo Waaxda Caddaaladda ee ka soo horjeeda siyaasaddiisa oo uu u adeegsado militariga si uu u beegsado siyaasiyiinta Dimuqraadiga ah iyo kuwa aan taageersanayn musharaxnimadiisa. Wuxuu adeegsaday hadallo ka daran oo bini'aadantinimada ka dhan ah intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa. Hadalkiisa, isaga oo ugu yeeraya mucaaradkiisa siyaasadeed "cadow", cayayaan, iyo faashiistaha, ayaa taariikhyahannada iyo aqoonyahannada qaarkood ku tilmaameen kalitalisnimo, faashiste oo ka duwan wax kasta oo musharax siyaasadeed uu waligiis ku sheegay taariikhda Mareykanka. Da'da iyo welwelka caafimaadka ayaa sidoo kale kacday intii lagu jiray ololaha, iyada oo dhowr khabiiro caafimaad ah ay muujinayaan kororka xamaasada, hadalka jilicsan iyo dabeecadda . Trump wuxuu xusay "doorasho la musuq-maasuqay" iyo "faragelin doorashada" ka hor iyo in ka badan intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016 iyo 2020 wuxuuna diiday inuu ballan qaado inuu aqbalo natiijada doorashada 2024. Falanqeeyayaasha New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay tan sida xoojinta "madaxyada aan ku guuleysto; dabo aad khiyaamayso" xeeladaha hadal; Wargeysku waxa uu sheegay in sheegashada doorashada lagu shubtay ay noqotay laf dhabarta ololaha. July 13, 2024, Trump ayaa dhegta lagu toogtay isku day dil oo ka dhacay isu soo bax olole oo ka dhacay magaalada Butler Township, Pennsylvania . Laba maalmood ka dib, Shirweynihii Qaranka ee Jamhuuriga ee 2024 ayaa u magacaabay musharaxa madaxweynenimo. Bishii Sebtembar, waa la bartilmaameedsaday laakiin waxba ma gaarin isku day dil oo Florida ka dhacay . Trump wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii Noofambar 2024 isagoo helay 312 codadka doorashada madaxweyne ku xigeenka Kamala Harris's 226. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku guuleystay codadka caanka ah 49.8% Harris' 48.3%. Guushiisa 2024 waxay qayb ka ahayd dib-u-dhac caalami ah oo ka dhan ah xisbiyada xilka haya, oo qayb weyn ka ah sicir bararka 2021-2023 . Dhowr xarumood ayaa ku tilmaamay dib u doorashadiisa soo laabasho aan caadi ahayn. ==Madaxweynaha 2aad (2025- hadda)== [[File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_(2025)_(alternate).jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , waxaa maamula madaxa cadaalada John Roberts , [[Janaayo]] 20, 2025]] Trump wuxuu bilaabay markiisa labaad markii uu xilka qabtay Janaayo 20, 2025. Wuxuu noqday shaqsiga ugu da'da weyn ee qabta xilka madaxtinimo , madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee dambi culus lagu soo oogay, iyo qofkii labaad ee laba xilli oo aan isku xigta madaxweyne ka noqdo. Isku daygiisii ​​uu ku doonayay inuu ku balaadhiyo awoodda madaxweynaha iyo iska horimaadyada maxkamadaha ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay sifada qeexaysa xilligiisa labaad. ===Ficilada hore, 2025- hadda=== Markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, Trump waxa uu saxeexay amarro fulineed oo taxane ah . Qaar badan oo kuwan ka mid ah waxay tijaabiyeen awooddiisa sharci, waxayna soo saareen tallaabo sharci oo degdeg ah. Wuxuu soo saaray amaro fulineed ka badan maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne kasta. Afar maalmood oo ka mid ah xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad, falanqaynta uu sameeyay Time waxay ogaatay in ku dhawaad ​​​​saddex-meelood laba meelood ee ficilladiisa fulinta "muraayada ama qayb ahaan muraayadda" soo jeedinta Mashruuca 2025 . Toddobaadyadiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, dhowr ka mid ah ficilladiisa ayaa iska indhatiray ama ku xad-gudbay sharciyada federaalka, qawaaniinta, iyo Dastuurka sida ay qabaan culimada sharciga ee Mareykanka. Bishii ugu horreysay ee maamulkiisa, Trump wuxuu soo saaray sagaashan amar fulineed, qoraallo, iyo awaamiir. Waxa uu u adeegsaday dawladda si uu u beegsado dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda iyo ficilladiisa ka dhanka ah bulshada rayidka ah ayay khubarada sharciga iyo boqollaal saynisyahano siyaasadeed ku tilmaameen mid keli-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Awaamiirtiisa iyo ficilladiisa waxaa ka soo horjeestay in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo dalka oo dhan ah, iyada oo intooda badan ay weli u socdaan maxkamadaha July 2. ===Iskahorimaadyada xiisaha, 2025 - hadda=== Madaxtinimadii labaad ee Trump waxaa lagu tilmaamay in uu leeyahay ilaalin yar oo ka dhan ah iskahorimaadyada danaha marka loo eego kii ugu horreeyay, iyo jabinta tobannaan sano oo xeerarka anshaxa. Waxa uu sii waday shirkad si guud looga ganacsado oo ku taal Trump Media & Technology Group , wuxuuna u kala beddelay adeegyo maaliyadeed. Waxa uu daba galay heshiisyo cusub oo hanti ma guurto ah oo dibadda ah oo ay ku lug leeyihiin hay'ado dawladeed oo xidhiidh la leh, waxana uu lahaa dhawr shirkadood oo calaamadayn iyo shati bixin ah oo uu ku iibinayo badeecooyinka sumadda Trump. Waxa uu ka faa'iideystey xafladaha lagu qabto hoteeladiisa iyo koorsooyinkiisa golf-ka, hantidiisana ma gelin kalsooni indho-la'aan ah, sidii madaxweynayaashii hore ay yeeli jireen. Bishii Agoosto 2025, shaacinta qasabka ah ee Trump ee maalgashiga ayaa muujisay in, tan iyo markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, uu sameeyay 690 iibsasho curaarta degmada iyo saamiyada shirkadaha oo wadartoodu ay dhan tahay ugu yaraan $104 milyan. Waxaa ku jiray saamiyada shirkadaha ay saameeyeen isbeddelada uu ku sameeyay siyaasadaha federaalka. Trump waxa uu meesha ka saaray hab-raacii anshaxa ee maamulkii hore iyo fulinta sharciyada mamnuucaya laaluushka iyada oo aan la samayn hab-raacyo anshaxeed oo rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay dadka loo magacaabayo siyaasadda, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay la soo galeen maamulkiisa "liiska aan caadiga ahayn ee weyn ee isku dhacyada xiisaha leh". Waxa uu meesha ka saaray eedeymihii musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ahaa siyaasiyiintii xiriirka la lahaa isaga wuxuuna joojiyay dhaqangelinta sharciga mamnuucaya in shirkadaha ka shaqeeya Mareykanka ay laaluushaan dowlado shisheeye. Trump wuxuu bilaabay, dallacsiiyay, oo shakhsi ahaan uga faa'iidaystay laba calaamadood oo cryptocurrency ah ("qadaadiicda meme"), $ Trump iyo $ Melania. Waxa kale oo uu si toos ah uga faa'iidaystay qoyskiisa shirkadda cryptocurrency World Liberty Financial , taas oo ku hawlan isku-dhafka aan horay loo arag ee ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay iyo siyaasadda dawladda. Bishii Luulyo 2025, maamulka Trump wuxuu Qatar ka aqbalay $400 milyan diyaarad qaali ah si uu ugu adeego Air Force One ilaa dhamaadka xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad ka dibna loo wareejiyo maktabadiisa madaxtooyada. Dib u habeynta sida Air Force One ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay ku kacayso ilaa $1 bilyan. ===Joojinta guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka=== Trump wuxuu ka hirgaliyay shaqo joojinta guud ahaan dowladda federaalka wuxuuna amray in shaqada teleefoonka shaqaalaha federaalka lagu joojiyo 30 maalmood gudahood. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in dib u eegis lagu sameeyo jagooyin badan oo shaqaale rayid ah oo xirfadeed iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in dib loogu kala saaro boosaska la rabo iyada oo aan lahayn ilaalin shaqo. Waxa uu bilaabay joojinta shaqada guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka, oo ay ku tilmaameen khabiirada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag ama ku xad-gudbay sharciga federaalka, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo shaqaale si aad ah ula socda ajendihiisa. Dabayaaqadii Febraayo, maamulku waxa uu shaqada ka eryay in ka badan 30,000 oo qof. Si loo fududeeyo joojinta dheeraadka ah, waxay qaadatay tarjumaad sharci oo cusub oo si weyn u ballaarinaysa qaybaha iyo wakaaladaha loo arko inay haystaan ​​​​ammaanka qaranka shaqadooda aasaasiga ah, oo ku dhawaaqaya ururada shaqaalaha federaalka ee kala duwan "cadow". Amarka fulinta dabayaaqadii March ee ku salaysan tarjumaaddan ayaa ka saaray daraasiin waaxyo iyo wakaaladaha barnaamijyada xiriirka maamulka shaqada ee federaalka , taasoo ku kaliftay inay dacweeyaan si ay u buriyaan heshiisyadooda gorgortanka wadareed , kaas oo ka saari kara ilaalinta ururka hal milyan oo shaqaale federaal ah. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in la joojiyo kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) mashaariicda dawladda federaalka wuxuuna ku meeleeyay shaqaalaha xafiisyada DEI fasax. Waxa uu buriyay Amarka Fulinta ee Lyndon B. Johnson ee 1965 ee 11246 , kaas oo amrayay in qandaraaslayaasha federaalku ay qaadaan tallaabo cad oo lagu joojinayo takoorka jinsiyadeed. Waxtarka Trump iyo Elon Musk 's Department of Government waxay si weyn u burburiyeen dhowr hay'adood oo federaal ah oo ay ku jiraan USAID iyo Waaxda Waxbarashada , iyagoo keli ah shaqada ka eryay dhowr kun oo shaqaale ah, waxayna hoos u dhigtay hawlaha maamulka ilaa ugu yaraan sharci. Ficilada qaar, sida isku dayga lagu burburinayo Xafiiska Ilaalinta Maaliyadeed ee Macmiilka , waxaa hakiyay maxkamadaha federaalka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisu waxay isku dayeen inay keenaan hay'ado madax-bannaan oo taariikhi ah oo hoos yimaada laanta fulinta oo si toos ah u hoos timaada qaabab yar. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga, 2025- hadda=== Sida madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horeysay, Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u hareer maray Xafiiska Xeer Ilaaliyaha Cafiska . Waxa uu ku rakibay siyaasad daacad ah Ed Martin kaas oo ku tilmaamay sababta cafis loo bixiyo "Ma jiro MAGA ka tagay". Cafiskii Trump iyo deeqaha naxariista waxay door bideen xulafada siyaasadeed iyo kuwa daacadda u ah, oo si aan loo kala sooc lahayn loo cafiyay "kuwa xoogga badan, caanka ah, si fiican ugu xiran iyo maalqabeenada" ee lagu eedeeyay dambiyada cadaanka ah. Trump waxa uu cafis u fidiyay dhammaan 6-dii January rabshadihii lagu xukumay ama lagu soo oogay maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee xafiiska, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa si xun u weeraray booliiska, isaga oo cafiyay in ka badan 1,500 oo uu cafiyay xukunnada 14. ===Siyaasadda gudaha, 2025- hadda=== Trump wuxuu ka dhaxlay dhaqaale adkeysi leh maamulka Biden, kobaca dhaqaalaha, shaqo la'aanta yar, iyo sicir bararka hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu ku amray wakaaladaha in ay joojiyaan dhaqan gelinta xeerarka aan la jeclayn iyaga oo isku dayaya in si weyn loo xakameeyo taasoo khubarada sharcigu ay ku tilmaameen sharci-darro iyo lid ku ah tobanaan sano ee sharciga federaalka. Waxa uu raadiyay in dawladdu ay maamusho ganacsiyo gaar ah oo uu ka tago dhaqanka suuqa xorta ah ee muxaafidka ah , halkii uu doorbidi lahaa hanti-wadaaga dawladda isaga oo si toos ah u qaadanaya saamiga dawladda ee sinnaanta shirkadaha waaweyn ee Maraykanka. Trump wuxuu joojiyay oo joojiyay deeqihii federaalka wuxuuna sameeyay dhimis ballaaran oo cilmi baaris ah, kuwaas oo dhowr ka mid ah ay heleen garsoorayaasha iyo Xafiiska Xisaabtanka ee Dowladda inay yihiin sharci darro iyo dastuuri. Waxa uu kor u qaaday diidmada isbeddelka cimilada iyo macluumaadka khaldan, oo u magacaabay saliidda, gaasta, iyo kiimikooyinka u ololeeya EPA si ay u beddelaan xeerarka cimilada iyo xakamaynta wasakhowga. Trump wuxuu ku tiirsanaa ku dhawaaqida xaaladaha degdegga ah ee qaranka si uu u caddeeyo boqollaal ficil oo uu ka gudbo ansixinta kongareeska ama dib u eegista sharciga. Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo tamarta qaranka ah, taasoo u oggolaanaysa joojinta xeerarka deegaanka, dabcinta sharciyada soo saarista shidaalka iyo xaddididda mashaariicda tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo. Waxa uu bilaabay dib-u-eegis ku saabsan "sharciga iyo sii socoshada ku-dhaqanka" ee raadinta khatarta EPA , taas oo ah saldhigga ugu badan ee xeerarka federaalka ee gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo, oo mar kale ka baxay US Heshiiskii Paris ee isbedelka cimilada. Burburinta hay'adaha dawladda ee fulinaya sharciyada ka dhanka ah musuqmaasuqa siyaasadeed iyo khiyaanada cad, Trump wuxuu hoos u dhigay Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Waaxda Cadaaladda Dadweynaha 30 ilaa shan qareen, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay 17 kormeerayaal madax -bannaan oo ka tirsan hay'adaha dawladda iyo 12 xubnood oo ka tirsan hay'adaha kormeerka madax-bannaan ee 7 iyo kormeerayaasha Xafiiska FBI-da ee Washington oo baaray eedeymaha musuqmaasuqa iyo musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ah saraakiisha dowladda iyo xubnaha Congress-ka. Wuxuu cafiyay ama laalay eedeymaha ka dhanka ah saraakiisha lagu eedeeyay musuqmaasuq. Trump wuxuu u aaneeyay dhibaatooyinka bulshada kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) hindisayaasha iyo baraarugga . Isbarbardhigga kala duwanaanshaha iyo karti-darrada, wuxuu beddelay siyaasadihii kala-duwanaanshaha ee dawladda federaalka. Waxa uu damcay in uu dib ugu sameeyo bulshada rayidka ah dookhiisa amarka fulinta. On DEI iyo nacaybka nacaybka, wuxuu u hanjabay hay'adaha dhaqanka iyo lixdan jaamacadood, wuxuuna ku qasbay shirkadaha sharciga inay u hoggaansamaan ajandihiisa siyaasadeed. Trump ayaa balaariyay adeegsiga gudaha ee ciidamada wuxuuna amray in la geeyo magaalooyin dhowr ah oo xisbiga Dimuquraadiga uu hogaamiyo , wuxuuna ku hanjabay inuu sii balaarin doono howlgalladiisa. ===Siyaasadaha ka-hortagga LGBTQ+=== Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadii labaad, Trump wuxuu bilaabay olole dagaal oo ka dhan ah LGBTQ + iyo gaar ahaan siyaasadaha ka-hortagga jinsiga ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba, oo maamulkiisu u soo bandhigay sidii wax looga qaban lahaa " fikirka jinsiga ". Siyaasadahan waxay doonayeen inay baabi'iyaan aqoonsiga federaalka ee dadka transgender-ka ah, ka xayuubinta dadka transgender ilaalinta sharciga iyo in laga tirtiro aqoonsiga trans ee nolosha guud. Iyadoo loo marayo amarro fulineed oo isdaba-joog ah iyo ficilo kale, maamulkiisu wuxuu si adag u qeexay jinsiga si adag bayoolooji dhalashada, laga mamnuucay dadka ka soo jeeda milatariga, xaddidan ama la daboolay daryeelka caafimaadka jinsiga, oo ka soo horjeeda luqadda loo dhan yahay , cilmi-baaris iyo agab waxbarasho oo faafreeb ah, iyo bartilmaameedyada dugsiyada, jaamacadaha, iyo xarumaha fikradda. Tallaabooyin dheeri ah ayaa ka mamnuucay ciyaartooyda transgender-ka ciyaaraha, helitaanka baasaboor xaddidan, waxayna sii hurisay dadaallada caalamiga ah ee lagu wiiqayo xuquuqda trans. Waxaa weheliya hadallo muujinaya dadka ka beddelka jinsiga inay yihiin khatar bulsho, siyaasadahani waxay kiciyeen caqabado sharciyeed oo baahsan, cambaarayn ka timid kooxaha xuquuqul insaanka, iyo kor u kaca socdaalka iyo sheegashooyinka magangelyo ee ay qabaan dadka isku jinsiga ah ee Maraykanka ah ===Hal Xeer Bill Qurux Badan=== Bishii Luulyo 2025, Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Sharcigu waxa uu ka dhigay dhimista cashuurta cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada 2017 mid joogto ah waxana uu ku daray cashuur dhimis dheeraad ah oo dhan ku dhawaad ​​$4.5 trillion, inta badan ka faa’iidaysanaysa dakhliga ugu sarreeya oo dadka ku kaca dakhliga ugu hooseeya $1,600 sanadkii; kordhinta dhaqaalaha difaaca qaranka, masaafurinta, darbiga xuduudka, iyo gaashaanka gantaalaha; lagana saaray cashuurtii laga qaadi lahaa mashaariicda tamarta nadiifka ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo ilaha tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo sida dabaysha iyo tamarta cadceedda iyo kuwa iibsada baabuurta korontada. Sharcigu wuxuu jaray maalgelinta Medicaid iyo SNAP wuxuuna ku daray shuruudo shaqo oo dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay u-qalmitaanka iyo $35 lacag-bixineed ee adeegyada Medicaid qaarkood; dhimista iyo shuruudaha dheeraadka ah ayaa dhaqan galaya ka dib doorashada guud ee 2026. Sharciga waxaa saadaaliyay Xafiiska Miisaaniyadda Kongareeska inuu ku kordhiyo dhimista miisaaniyada $3.4 trillion marka la gaaro 2034, sababa 11.8 milyan oo qof inay lumiyaan caymiska Medicaid, iyo meesha laga saaro dheefaha SNAP ee seddex milyan oo qof. ===Socdaalka, 2025- hadda=== Maalmihiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump waxa uu ku amray ilaalada xuduudaha in ay si kooban u tarxiilaan soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee ka soo gudbaya xadka, isaga oo curyaamiyay barnaamijka CBP One ee loo isticmaalay in lagu jadwaleeyo xuduudaha. Waxa uu dib u bilaabay hadhaagii siyaasadda Mexico , waxa uu kooxaha daroogada u magacaabay kooxo argagixiso ah, waxana uu amray in dib loo bilaabo dhismaha darbiga xuduudka. Hawlgallada masaafurinta ayaa marka hore diiradda saaray "liiska bartilmaameedka" ee dambiilayaasha la sameeyay ka hor xilliga labaad ee Trump. Kadibna maamulkiisu wuxuu meesha ka saaray magangelyo codsadayaasha ku guul daraystay inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha, waxay laashay xaaladda sii-daynta sharafeed ee muhaajiriinta ku soo galay US iyadoo la raacayo CBP One iyo CHNV sii-daynta sharafeed bini'aadantinimo, waxay isku dayeen inay ka saaraan dhalashada dhalashada , waxayna hakiyeen Barnaamijka Ogolaanshaha Qaxootiga . Bishii Maarso, wuxuu u adeegsaday Xeerka Cadawga Shisheeyaha ee 1798 si uu u xidho muhaajiriinta sharci darrada ah maxkamad la'aan -mid ka mid ah "khalad maamul" iyo inta badan iyada oo aan lahayn diiwaannada dambiyada -Xarunta Xakamaynta Argagaxisada ee El Salvador. Wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha , muhaajiriinta sharciga ah, dalxiisayaasha, iyo ardayda fiisaha leh kuwaas oo muujiyay dhaleeceynta siyaasaddiisa ama u doodista Falastiiniyiinta. Dhowr muwaadiniin Maraykan ah ayaa la xidhay oo la tarxiilay . ===Siyaasadda Dibadda, 2025- hadda=== Muddadii labaad ee Trump siyaasaddiisa arrimaha dibadda waxaa siyaabo kala duwan loogu sifeeyay Imperialist , balaarin , go'doomiye , iyo autarkist , iyadoo adeegsanaysa fikradda " America First " oo ah asaaskeeda. Maamulkiisu wuxuu door biday awood adag si uu u gaaro yoolalka siyaasadda dibadda, wuxuuna burburiyay ama ka laabtay taageerada ururada gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee u heellan horumarinta awoodda jilicsan ee Maraykanka . Dhaqdhaqaaqyada ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay hoos u dhigayaan saamaynta Maraykanka ee caalamiga ah iyo abuurista bannaan ay buuxiyeen Ruushka iyo Shiinaha . Xidhiidhka Trump ee xulafada waxa uu ahaa macaamil ganacsi oo u dhexeeyay danayn la'aan ilaa cadaawad, oo ay ku jiraan hanjabaad ku darida. Bishii Febraayo 2025, Trump iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka Vance waxay ku dhaleeceeyeen madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy kulan muran badan dhaliyay oo telefishinka laga sii daayay. Warbaahinta ayaa ku tilmaantay iska hor imaad aan hore loo arag oo dhex maray madaxweyne Maraykan ah iyo madax ajnabi ah . Trump iyo maamulkiisa imaan doona ayaa gacan ka geystay dhexdhexaadinta xabbad joojinta dagaalka Gaza oo ay weheliyaan maamulka Biden, oo la dhaqan galiyay maalin ka hor caleema saarkiisa. Bishii Maarso, Israa'iil waxay jebisay xabbad-joojintii . Siyaasadaha dhaqaalaha ee Trump ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo ilaalinaya , iyadoo Trump uu ku soo rogay canshuuraha dalalka intooda badan, oo ay ku jiraan canshuuraha waaweyn ee la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga ee Shiinaha, Canada, iyo Mexico. Wuxuu bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo caalami ah , isagoo ku soo rogay canshuuro heerkii ugu sarreeyay tan iyo 1930kii Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act ee bilawga diiqada weyn . Dhaqaale-yahannadu waxay ku doodeen in maamulku uu si khaldan u fahmay xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhimista ganacsiga iyo canshuuraha, iyaga oo isticmaalaya fikrado khaldan. Narendra Modi ayaa ka falceliyay 50 boqolkiiba tacriifta Trump ee soo dejinta Hindiya isaga oo sii xoojinaya xiriirka Shiinaha. Wuxuu hakiyay tabarucaadkii dhaqaale ee Maraykanku siin jiray Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka . ===Garsoorka, 2025 – hadda=== Garsoorayaasha federaalku waxay u arkeen qaar badan oo ka mid ah falalka maamulka inay yihiin sharci-darro. Ka dib dib-u-dhac xagga sharciga ah, Trump wuxuu kordhiyey dhaleeceynta garsoorka wuxuuna ku baaqay in la soo oogo garsoorayaasha federaalka ee isaga ka soo horjeeday. Wuxu u hanjabay, saxeexay tallaabooyinka fulinta, waxaanu amray in baadhitaan lagu sameeyo dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda, dhaleecaynta, iyo ururrada la safan Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga. Bartamihii Luulyo, falanqaynta Washington Post waxay ogaatay inuu ka soo horjeestay garsoorayaasha iyo maxkamadaha qiyaastii saddex meelood meel dhammaan kiisaska isaga ka dhanka ah, falalka ay ku tilmaameen khubarada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag maamul kasta oo madaxweyne ah. ( 654 ) Diidmada amarada maxkamada iyo sheegashadiisa xaq u lahaanshaha maxkamadaha waxay cabsi galisay khubarada sharciga qalalaasaha dastuuriga ah . Falanqaynta badan oo ay sameeyeen aqoonyahanno akadeemiyadeed iyo The New York Times waxay ogaadeen in labada garsoore ee Jamhuuriga iyo Dimuqraadigu ay heleen cillado badan oo dastuuri ah iyo qaanuuneed oo leh siyaasadaha maamulka Trump. Maamulkiisu wuxuu caddeeyey xuquuq dastuuri ah oo ah inuu iska indhatiro sharciga federaalka isagoo sabab uga dhigaya dhowr tallaabo sida diidmadiisa inuu dhaqan geliyo mamnuucista federaalka ee TikTok , iyada oo khubarada sharciga ay ku tilmaameen inay tahay "awood dastuuri ah oo lagu tallaalayo dhinacyada gaarka ah inay ku kacaan falal kale oo sharci darro ah iyada oo aan la ciqaabin". Waxa kale oo uu ku hawlanaa beegsiga aan hore loo arag ee shirkadaha sharciga iyo qareennada oo hore u matalay jagooyin lid ku ah naftiisa. ==Dhaqan siyaasadeed iyo hadal-hayn== Laga soo bilaabo ololihiisii ​​2016, siyaasadda Trump iyo hadal-hayntiisa ayaa horseeday abuuritaanka dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo loo yaqaan Trumpism. Mawqifkiisa siyaasadeed waa populist ,oo si gaar ah loogu tilmaamay populist garabka midig . Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inuu aqbalay xag-jirnimada midigta-fog , wuxuuna ka caawiyay inuu keeno fikradaha iyo ururrada midigta fog ee guud ahaan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisa iyo hadalladiisa ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Trump waxa uu ku riixay balaadhinta awoodda madaxweynanimada iyada oo la raacayo tafsiir maxalli ah oo ku saabsan aragtida fulinta midaysan . Saldhiggiisa siyaasadeed waxa la barbar dhigay cibaadaysi shakhsiyeed . Hadalka Trump iyo ficilkiisa ayaa lagu eedeeyay in uu abuuray oo uu uga sii daray cadhada iyo kalsooni darada iyada oo la adeegsanayo sheeko "annaga" iyo "iyaga" . Wuxuu si cad oo joogto ah u dhaleeceeyaa jinsiyadda, diinta, iyo qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay, iyo culimadu waxay si joogto ah u ogaadaan in nacaybka jinsiyadeed ee ku saabsan madowga, soogalootiga, iyo Muslimiinta ay yihiin saadaalinta ugu fiican ee taageerada Trump. Hadaladiisa waxa lagu tilmaamay in uu isticmaalay cabsi-cabsi iyo maangaabnimo taas oo sii xoogaysatay ololihiisii ​​madaxtinimada ee 2024 . Wuxuu sheegay inuu rumaysan yahay in awoodda dhabta ahi ay ka timaad cabsi. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Alt-right ayaa isku duubay oo taageeray musharaxnimadiisa, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay qayb ka mid ah diidmada dhaqamada kala duwan iyo socdaalka . Waxa uu leeyahay rafcaan xooggan oo loogu talagalay codbixiyayaasha Masiixiyiinta ah ee wacdiya iyo waddaniyiinta Masiixiyiinta ah , iyo dibad-baxyadiisa waxay qaataan calaamadaha, odhaahda, iyo ajandaha waddaniyadda Masiixiyiinta. Trump waxa uu sidoo kale u adeegsaday shuuci ka soo horjeeda hadaladiisa, isaga oo si joogta ah ugu yeeraya kuwa ka soo horjeeda " Communists " iyo " Marxists ===Aragtida jinsiyadeed iyo jinsiga=== Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinka iyo ficillada Trump ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsurinimo. Ra'yi ururin qaran oo 2018 ah, qiyaastii kala badh ka mid ah jawaab bixiyaasha ayaa sheegay inuu yahay cunsuri; in badan oo ka mid ah waxay aaminsanaayeen in uu ku dhiirraday cunsuriyiinta. Dhowr daraasadood iyo sahanno ayaa lagu ogaaday in dabeecadaha cunsuriyadu ay kiciyeen siyaasadiisa siyaasadeed oo ay aad uga muhiimsan yihiin arrimaha dhaqaalaha ee lagu go'aaminayo daacadnimada codbixiyayaasha Trump. Dabeecadaha cunsuriyiinta iyo Islaam nacaybka ayaa ah tilmaamo xooggan oo muujinaya taageerada Trump. Waxaa lagu eedeeyay cunsurinimo isagoo ku adkeystay koox ka kooban shan dhalinyaro madow iyo Latino ah inay kufsadeen haweeney caddaan ah kiiska 1989 Central Park jogger , xitaa ka dib markii laga saaray 2002. Sannadkii 2011-kii, Trump waxa uu noqday hoggaamiyihii hormoodka u ahaa fikradda shirqoolka cunsuriga ah ee "dhalasho" ee ah in Barack Obama, madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee madow ee Mareykanka, uusan ku dhalan Mareykanka. Waxa uu ku andacooday in uu ku cadaadiyay dawladda in ay daabacdo warqadda dhalashada Obama, taas oo uu u arkay in ay tahay khiyaano. Waxa uu qiray in Obama uu ku dhashay Maraykanka bishii Sebtembar 2016, inkasta oo la sheegay in uu si gaar ah u muujiyay aragtida dhalashada ee 2017. Intii lagu jiray ololihii doorashada 2024, wuxuu sameeyay weeraro been abuur ah oo ka dhan ah aqoonsiga jinsiyadeed ee ka soo horjeeda, Kamala Harris, kaas oo lagu tilmaamay inay xasuusinayaan fikradda shirqoolka dhalashada. Ololihiisii ​​2024 waxa uu si weyn u adeegsaday luqadda bini'aadantinimada ka-hortagga ah iyo fikradaha jinsiyadeed . Sannadkii 2025, wuxuu kor u qaaday sheegashooyinka beenta ah ee xasuuqa cadaanka ah ee Koonfur Afrika wuxuuna abuuray barnaamijka qaxootiga ee Koonfur Afrika . Trump ayaa caado u ah inuu dumarka xaqiro marka uu la hadlayo warbaahinta iyo baraha bulshada. Wuxuu sameeyay faallooyin xunxun, wuxuu naqdiyay muuqaalka dumarka, wuxuuna u tixraacay iyaga oo isticmaalaya ereyo sharaf leh. Laga bilaabo 2020, 26 dumar ah ayaa si fagaare ah ugu eedeeyay anshax-xumo galmo , oo ay ku jiraan kufsi, dhunkasho ogolaansho la'aan, xoqid, fiirinta goonnada haweenka hoostooda, iyo ku lugaynta tartamayaasha qaan-gaarka ee qaawan. Eedeymahaas wuu diiday. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, 2005 " murafoon kulul " ayaa soo baxay isaga oo ku faanaya dhunkashada iyo dhunkashada haweenka iyaga oo aan raalli ka ahayn, isaga oo leh, "Markaad xiddig tahay, waxay kuu oggolaadaan inaad sameyso. Wax kasta waad sameyn kartaa ... Ku qabo feerka . " Waxa uu faallooyinka ku tilmaamay "hadal-qol-badel". Dhacdadan oo si baahsan u soo bandhigtay warbaahinta ayaa keentay raaligelintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee dadweynaha, oo la duubay intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxweynaha 2016. ===Isku xirka rabshadaha iyo dembiyada nacaybka=== Trump ayaa loo aqoonsaday in uu fure u yahay kordhinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee Mareykanka, isaga oo ka dhan ah iyo mid ka dhan ah. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu ku qanacsan yahay xagjirnimada, aragtiyaha shirqoolka sida Q-Anon , iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada xagjirka ah ee midigta fog ilaa xad ka weyn madaxweyne kasta oo Maraykan ah oo casri ah, iyo ku lug lahaanshaha argagixisannimada stochastic . Cilmi-baaristu waxay soo jeedinaysaa in hadalka Trump uu la xiriiro kororka dhacdooyinka dembiyada nacaybka, iyo in uu leeyahay saameyn xoog leh oo ku saabsan muujinta dabeecadaha nacaybka ah sababtoo ah sida caadiga ah ee ereyada jinsiyadeed ee cad. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2016, wuxuu ku booriyay ama ammaanay weerarrada jireed ee ka dhanka ah dibad-baxayaasha ama wariyeyaasha. Eedeysaneyaal badan oo lagu baaray ama lagu soo oogay falal rabshado wata iyo dambiyada nacaybka ayaa soo xigtay hadalladiisa isagoo ku doodaya inaysan ahayn dambiile ama ay tahay inay helaan dabacsanaan. Dib u eegis dalka oo dhan ay samaysay ABC News bishii Maajo 2020 ayaa lagu aqoonsaday ugu yaraan 54 kiis oo danbi ah, laga bilaabo Agoosto 2015 ilaa Abriil 2020, kaas oo loogu yeedhay xidhiidh toos ah oo rabshado ama hanjabaado rabshado ah oo inta badan ay geystaan ​​ragga cadaanka ah iyo ugu horrayn ka dhanka ah dadka laga tirada badan yahay. Diidmada Trump ee ah in uu cambaareeyo kooxda cadaanka ah ee Proud Boys intii lagu jiray dooddii madaxweynenimada ee 2020 iyo faallooyinkiisii, "Wiilasha sharafta leh, istaaga oo garab istaaga", ayaa la sheegay in ay keentay in la kordhiyo shaqaaleysiinta kooxda Trump. Cilmi-baarayaasha la-dagaalanka argagixisanimada ayaa ku tilmaamay taariikhdiisa caadiga ah iyo dib-u-eegistiisa ee Janaayo 6 weerarkii Capitol, iyo bixinta naxariista dhammaan Janaayo 6 rabshad-wadayaasha , sida dhiirigelinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee mustaqbalka. ===Aragtiyo shirqool=== Tan iyo ka hor madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu kor u qaaday fikrado badan oo shirqool ah, oo ay ku jiraan Obama "dhalashada", diidmada isbedelka cimilada , iyo faragelinta Ukraine ee lagu eedeeyay doorashadii Mareykanka . Kadib doorashadii madaxweynaha ee 2020, wuxuu kor u qaaday fikradaha shirqoolka ee guuldaradiisa kuwaas oo lagu sifeeyay " beenta weyn ===Hadalo been ah ama marin habaabin ah=== [[File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png|thumb|Xaqiiq-baarayaasha ka socda Washington Ku dhaji , Toronto Star , iyo CNN waxay soo ururiyeen xog ku saabsan "dacwooyin been ah ama marin-habaabin ah" (asalka orange) iyo "sheegashada beenta ah" (violet foreground).]] Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u sheegaa hadalo been abuur ah oo uu ku jiro hadalo fagaare ah, ilaa xad aan horay loo arag siyaasada Mareykanka . Beentiisu waa qayb gaar ah oo ka mid ah aqoonsigiisa siyaasadeed waxaana lagu tilmaamay inay tahay dab-damis . Hadaladiisa beenta ah iyo marin habaabinta ah waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin-hubi , oo ay ku jiraan The Washington Post , kaas oo 30,573 been abuur ah ama been abuur ah oo uu sameeyay intii lagu jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horreeyay, oo sii kordhaya waqti ka dib. Qaar ka mid ah been-abuurka Trump waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan faa'iido lahayn, halka kuwa kalena ay lahaayeen saameyn aad u fog, sida dhiirrigelintiisa aan la hubin ee dawooyinka ka hortagga duumada sida daaweynta KOVID-19, taasoo keentay yaraanta Maraykanka ee daawooyinkan iyo iibsashada argagaxa ee Afrika iyo Koonfurta Aasiya. Macluumaad kale oo khaldan, sida si khaldan loogu sheegay kororka dambiyada England iyo Wales "fidinta argagixisada xagjirka ah", waxay u adeegtay ujeedooyinkiisa siyaasadeed ee gudaha. Weeraradiisa waraaqaha waraaqaha boostada iyo dhaqamada kale ee doorashada ayaa wiiqay kalsoonida dadweynaha ee hufnaanta doorashada madaxweynaha 2020, halka xog-warrankiisa ku saabsan masiibada uu dib u dhigay oo uu wiiqay jawaabta qaranka ee ku wajahan. Caadiyan kama cudur daarato beentiisa. Ilaa 2018, warbaahintu marar dhif ah ayay beentiisa ugu yeertay been, oo ay ku jirto markii uu ku celceliyay hadallo been abuur ah. ===Baraha bulshada=== Joogitaanka baraha bulshada ee Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha caalamka kadib markii uu ku biiray Twitter-ka sanadkii 2009. Waxa uu si isdaba joog ah u soo dhigayay ololihiisii ​​2016-kii iyo intii uu madaxweyne ahaa ilaa Twitter-ka uu mamnuucay ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo. Wuxuu inta badan isticmaali jiray Twitter si uu si toos ah ula xiriiro dadweynaha oo uu u leexiyo saxaafadda; ee 2017, xoghayntiisa saxaafadda ayaa sheegay in tweets- kiisa uu ka kooban yahay bayaannada rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2024 iyo madaxweynanimada labaad wuxuu si joogta ah u dhajiyay waxyaabo AI-soo saaray naftiisa sida astaanta dhaqanka pop-ka ama muhaajiriinta ku jeesjeesa. Ka dib sanado badan oo dhaleecayn ah oo loogu ogolaaday Trump in uu ku dhejiyo macluumaad khaldan iyo been abuur, Twitter ayaa bilaabay in uu ku dhejiyo qaar ka mid ah tweetskiisa hubinta xaqiiqda May 2020. Isagoo ka jawaabaya, wuxuu sheegay in shabakadaha warbaahinta bulshada "gebi ahaanba aamusin" muxaafidka oo uu "si adag u xakameyn doono, ama xidhi doono". Kadib weerarkii Janaayo 6, waxaa laga mamnuucay Facebook , Instagram , Twitter, iyo aalado kale. Luminta joogitaankiisa warbaahinta bulshada ayaa hoos u dhigtay awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu qaabeeyo dhacdooyinka oo la xidhiidha hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid mugga macluumaadka khaldan ee Twitter. Bishii Feebaraayo 2022, waxa uu bilaabay bar-kulanka bulshada ee Truth Social halkaas oo uu ku soo jiitay qayb ka mid ah Twitterkiisa. Elon Musk , ka dib markii uu helay Twitter , wuxuu dib u soo celiyay akoonkiisa Twitter bishii Noofambar 2022. Mamnuucidda labada sano ee Meta Platforms ayaa dhacay Janaayo 2023, taas oo u ogolaatay inuu ku laabto Facebook iyo Instagram. ===Xiriirka saxaafadda=== [[File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg|thumb|Isagoo saxaafadda la hadlaya, Maarso 2017]] Trump waxa uu raadiyay dareenka warbaahinta intii uu ku jiray xirfadiisa, isaga oo ilaalinaya xidhiidhka "jacaylka iyo nacaybka" ee uu la leeyahay saxaafadda. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ka faa'iideystey qaddarka rikoorka ah ee warbaahinta xorta ah, oo lagu qiyaasay $ 2 bilyan. Musharrax ahaan iyo madaxweyne ahaan, wuxuu si joogta ah ugu eedeeyay saxaafadda eexda, isaga oo ku tilmaamay "warbaahinta wararka been abuurka ah" iyo " cadowga dadka ". Madaxtinimadii ugu horreysay ee Trump ayaa hoos u dhigtay war-bixinnada rasmiga ah ee saxaafadda ee boqolkii 2017 ilaa kala badh taas 2018 iyo laba 2019; waxa ay sidoo kale kala noqdeen sharcigii saxaafadeed ee laba wariye oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo ay maxkamaduhu dib u soo celiyeen. Trump's 2020 ol'olihii madaxtinimo wuxuu dacweeyay New York Times , Washington Post , iyo CNN ka dib markii uu aflagaadeeyay qaybo ra'yi ah oo ku saabsan mawqifkiisa faragelinta doorashada Ruushka. Dhammaan dacwadihii waa la diiday. Sannadkii 2024, Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u muujiyay taageerada uu ku mamnuucayo diidmada siyaasadeed iyo dhaleeceynta, wuxuuna sheegay in weriyeyaasha waa in lagu dacweeyaa si aanay u sheegin ilo qarsoodi ah iyo shirkadaha warbaahintu waa inay suurtogal tahay inay lumiyaan shatiyadooda baahinta wararka aan fiicnayn ee isaga. Markii dib loo doortay, Trump wuxuu bilaabay dacwooyin wuxuuna abuuray liis madow oo ka dhan ah warbaahinta qaar, wuxuuna la wareegay nidaamka ay wadaan ururka saxafiyiinta Aqalka Cad si uu u doorto xarumaha ay galaangal u leeyihiin. Halkii loo hoggaansami lahaa amarka maxkamadda ee lagu soo celin lahaa gelitaanka Associated Press , Aqalka Cad wuxuu sameeyay siyaasad xaddidan oo la heli karo dhammaan adeegyada siligga. Guddiga Isgaarsiinta Federaalka ayaa bilaabay baaritaanno lagu sameeyo xarumaha warbaahinta ee lagu eedeeyay eex isaga ka dhan ah. Natiijadii hanjabaadda Trump, madaxda warbaahinta waxay ku amreen saxafiyiinta iyo shaqaalahooda inay is-faafreebaan oo ay yareeyaan dhaleeceynta Trump, iyo CBS waxay isku raaceen inay abuuraan Ombudsman si ay ula socdaan kanaalada wararka si ay xididdada ugu siibaan "eex" CBS News. Bishii Luulyo 2025, wuxuu dacweeyay wargeyska Wall Street Journal daabacaadda sheeko la xiriirta saaxiibtinimadiisii ​​hore ee dembiilaha galmada ee Jeffrey Epstein , taasoo calaamad u ah markii ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne fadhiya uu dacweeyo urur warbaahineed eedeymo sumcad dil ah. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== ===Qoyska=== 1977, Trump wuxuu guursaday Ivana Zelníčková . Waxay lahaayeen saddex carruur ah: Donald Jr. (b. 1977), Ivanka (b. 1981), iyo Eric (b. 1984). Lammaanaha ayaa is furay 1990-kii, ka dib markii uu xiriir la yeeshay moodelka iyo atariishada Marla Maples . Isaga iyo Maples waxay guursadeen 1993 waxayna is fureen 1999. Waxay leeyihiin hal gabadh, Tiffany (b. 1993), oo Maples ku kortay California. Sannadkii 2005, wuxuu guursaday moodelka Slovenia Melania Knauss . Waxay leeyihiin hal wiil, Barron (b. 2006). ===Xiriirka Jeffrey Epstein=== Trump waxa uu saaxiibtimo 15 sano ah la lahaa Jeffrey Epstein ; Dadkii markaas yaqaannay waxay sheegeen inay si joogta ah u garaaci jireen oo ay u tartami jireen dumarka. Dareenka warbaahinta iyo cadaadiska dadweynaha ayaa kordhay 2025, markii maamulkiisu uusan sii dayn faylasha la xidhiidha Epstein , inkastoo Trump uu ballanqaaday inuu sidaas samaynayo intii lagu jiray ololaha 2024. ===Caafimaadka=== Trump waxa uu sheegay in aanu waligii cabbin khamri, sigaar cabin, ama aanu isticmaalin daroogo. Wuxuu seexdaa qiyaastii afar ama shan saacadood habeenkii. Waxa uu golfing ugu yeedhay "qaabka jimicsiga aasaasiga ah", laakiin inta badan ma socdo koorsada. Wuxuu u arkaa jimicsigu inuu yahay tamar tamar sababtoo ah wuxuu aaminsan yahay in jirku yahay "sida batteriga oo kale, oo leh qadar xaddidan oo tamar ah", kaas oo lagu dhammeeyo jimicsiga. Sannadkii 2015, ololahiisu wuxuu sii daayay warqad ka timid dhakhtarkiisii ​​gaarka ahaa ee Harold Bornstein , isagoo sheegay inuu " noqon doono shakhsiga ugu caafimaadka badan ee abid loo doorto madaxweynaha". Sannadkii 2018, Bornstein wuxuu sheegay in Trump uu amar ku bixiyay nuxurka warqadda iyo in saddex ka mid ah wakiillada Trump ay qabsadeen diiwaankiisa caafimaad bishii Febraayo 2017 ee xafiiska Bornstein. ===Diinta=== Trump wuxuu sheegay 2016 inuu ahaa Presbyterian iyo Protestant . Sannadkii 2020, wuxuu sheegay inuu yahay Masiixi aan diin-nabi ahayn . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar badan ayaa su'aal ka keenay qoto dheeraanta xiriirka diimeed. Baadhitaan la sameeyay intii lagu guda jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee Trump (2017-2021) ayaa muujisay in boqolkiiba 63 dadka Maraykanku aanay rumaysnayn in uu diin yahay, inkasta oo uu aaminsan yahay in uu Masiixi yahay, boqolkiiba 44 oo keliya dadka Maraykanka ah ayaa aaminsan in Trump uu yahay Masiixi. Qaar ka mid ah faallooyinka Trump ee Kitaabka Qudduuska ah ama dhaqanka Masiixiga ayaa horseeday in dadka indha indheeya ay soo jeediyaan in aqoonta uu u leeyahay Masiixiyadda ay tahay mid maqaar-saar ah ama khalad ah, qaar yar oo taariikh-nololeed ah ayaa ku tilmaamay Trump mid qoto dheer ama xitaa diineed. Waqtigiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu u magacaabay wadaadkiisa gaarka ah iyo lataliyaha ruuxiga ah, milyaneer teleefaanjiste Paula White-Cain , Xafiiska Xiriirka Dadweynaha ee Aqalka Cad . Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad, wuxuu u magacaabay lataliyeheeda sare Xafiiska cusub ee rumaysadka ee Aqalka Cad . ==Qiimaynta== ===Sawirka dadweynaha=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee Trump, laga bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2020, qiimeynta oggolaanshaha caalamiga ah ee hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos uga dhacday 22 boqolkiiba ra'yi ururin Gallup ee 134 waddan ilaa 16 boqolkiiba - oo ka hooseeya Shiinaha Xi Jinping iyo Vladimir Putin ee Ruushka - ee Pew Research ra'yi ee 13 waddan. Sannadka 2017, qiyaasta hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos u dhacday inta badan xulafada. Gudaha, xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu lahaa taageerada ugu weyn ee xisbiyada: 88 boqolkiiba Jamhuuriga iyo 7 boqolkiiba Dimuqraadiyiinta. Codbixintii Gallup ee 2021, wuxuu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan waligii gaadhin 50 boqolkiiba oggolaanshaha, wuxuuna ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aan la magacaabin ee loogu riyaaqay sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska. Muddadii labaad ee rubuciisii ​​​​hore sida uu qabo Gallup, oggolaanshaha Trump wuxuu ahaa 45 boqolkiiba - xoogaa ka wanaagsan xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, oo aad uga hooseeya celceliska boqolkiiba 60 ee madaxweynayaasha kale. Taageeradu waxa ay ahaan jirtay mid aan kala fogayn; Waxa uu helay oggolaanshaha boqolkiiba 90 ee Jamhuuriga, 37 boqolkiiba madax-bannaanida, iyo boqolkiiba 4 ee Dimuqraadiyiinta. Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad wuxuu sidoo kale arkay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid ra'yiga dadweynaha caalamiga ah ee Maraykanka ===Qiimaynta cilmiga=== Ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee Trump, taariikhyahanadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen Trump inuu yahay madaxweynihii afraad ee ugu xumaa sahanka C-SPAN ee 2021 ee taariikhyahannada madaxtooyada. Waxa uu ku qiimeeyay kuwa ugu hooseeya qaybaha sifooyinka hogaaminta ee awooda akhlaaqda iyo xirfadaha maamulka. Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Siena College 's 2022 sahanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay kan saddexaad. Waxa uu ku jiray kaalmaha ugu hooseeya dhammaan qaybaha marka laga reebo nasiibka, rabitaanka khatarta, iyo hoggaanka xisbiga, waxaanu ka galay kaalinta ugu dambeeya dhowr qaybood. 2018 iyo 2024, xubno ka tirsan Ururka Sayniska Siyaasadda Mareykanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay madaxweynaha ugu xun. ==Xusuusin== a:Bilowgii markii Trump uu saddex sano jirsaday, aabbihii waxa uu siin jiray mid kasta oo carruurtiisa ka mid ah $6,000 sannadkii, lacagta ugu badan ee la oggol yahay iyada oo aan la gelin cashuur hadiyadeed. Si looga fogaado cashuuraha, Fred waxa uu ka dhigay mulkiilayaal laba ka mid ah dhismooyinkiisa guri, isaga oo bixinaya midkiiba $13,928 kirada sannad kasta b:Later , 2015, wuxuu ugu hanjabay dugsigiisa sare, kulliyadaha, iyo Guddiga Kulliyadda tallaabo sharci ah haddii ay sii daayaan diiwaankiisa waxbarasho. C:UPenn's 1968 barnaamijka bilawga ah wuxuu ku taxayaa Trump inuu helay shahaadada koowaad ee Sayniska ee Dhaqaalaha oo aan ahayn qaataha Sharafta Tacliinta d:Kadib Trump waxa uu ku dayan doonaa Peale's Awooda Fikirka Toosan ee Farshaxanka Heshiiska e:Doorashada madaxweynahaee Maraykanka waxaa go'aamiya kulliyadda doorashada Gobol kastaa wuxuu magacaabayaa tiro codbixiyeyaal ah oo la mid ah matalaadda Congress-ka iyo (gobollada intooda badan) dhammaan cod-bixiyayaashu waxay u codeeyaan cidda ku guulaysata codbixinta caanka ah ee gobolkooda. f:Madaxweyne Jamhuuri ah oo ay weheliyaan Jamhuuriga gacanta ku haysa labada gole ee Congress-ka g:CBS kama helin wax diiwaan ah oo dambi ah 75% dadka Venezuela ee la xiray. h: 2025, Pew Research waxay ogaatay dad ku nool dalal badan (12 ka mid ah 20 iyo 4 xiriir) waxay u arkeen Shiinaha inuu yahay dhaqaalaha ugu horreeya adduunka. ==Tixraac== [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html "Michael Cohen ayaa sheegay in Trump uu u sheegay in uu ugu hanjabay iskuulada in aysan sii deynin darajooyinka"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/politics/donald-trump-roy-cohn.html "Muxuu Donald Trump Ka Bartay Ninka Gacanta Midig Ee Joseph McCarthy] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo Kharashka Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka: Addenda et Corrigenda] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo sida Burburiyaha Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka] [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/donald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship "Sidee Donald Trump iyo Roy Cohn's arxan la'aanta Symbiosis u beddeshay Ameerika"] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/jun/21/hillary-clinton/yep-donald-trumps-companies-have-declared-bankrupt/ "Haa, shirkadaha Donald Trump waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay kiciyeen...in ka badan afar jeer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html "Trump waxa uu ku hawlanaa qorshayaal cashuureed oo laga shakisan yahay isaga oo ka guranaya maalkii Aabihiis"] [https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel "Taariikhda dabaylaha ah ee mashruucii ugu horeeyey ee hantida maguurtada ah ee Manhattan ee Donald Trump"] {{Wayback|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel |date=20211009191253 }} [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father "Sheekada beenta ah ee Trump wuxuu ku dhisay boqortooyadiisa 'amaah yar' oo uu ka helay aabihiis"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html "Trump, New Yorker inta nool, wuxuu naftiisa ku dhawaaqay inuu yahay degane Florida"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html "Trump's Plaza Hotel Planruptcy Plan waa la ansixiyay"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html "Trump waxa uu ka iibinayaa Hotel Plaza maalgashadayaasha Sucuudiga iyo Aasiya"] [https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-irs-audit-chicago-hotel-taxes "Hanti-dhawrka IRS ee Trump wuxuu ku kacayaa kharash ka badan 100 milyan oo doolar" Madaxweynihii hore] [https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ "Xaqiiqda ku saabsan kor u kaca iyo dhicitaanka Donald Trump ee Boqortooyada Atlantic City"] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ "Markii Afraad ee Soojiidashada: Sida Donald Trump Uga Sameeyey Fasaxa Isaga] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html "Wax kasta oo ku dhacay qoorta Trump? Way dhammaatay. Sidoo kale waa inta badan boqortooyadii ganacsiga ee Trump"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Toban sano oo Casaanka ah: Tirooyinka Canshuurta ee Trump ayaa muujinaya in ka badan $ 1 bilyan oo khasaare ganacsi ah"] [https://cnn.com/2016/08/22/politics/donald-trump-activist-investor/ "Xilligii Gordon Gekko: Donald Trump ee faa'iidada iyo wakhtiga muranka badan ee maal-galiye firfircoon"] [https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think "Waa maxay sababta uu Donald Trump u leeyahay xiddiga caanka ah ee caanka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee? Ma aha sababta aad u maleyneyso "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-donald-trump-retooled-his-charity-to-spend-other-peoples-money/2016/09/10/da8cce64-75df-11e6-8149-b8d05321db62_story.html "Sida Donald Trump uu dib ugu habeeyey hay'addiisa samafalka si uu u isticmaalo lacagta dadka kale"] [https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/18/media/vince-mcmahon-donald-trump-payments/index.html "Baaritaanno lagu sameeyay lacag-bixinnada xannibaadda ee Vince McMahon ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay soo saareen deeqaha samafalka ee Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html "Trump Foundation waxay amartay inay joojiso lacag ururinta xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee NY"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest "Donald Trump si uu u kala diro aasaaskiisa samafalka ka dib markii ay sii kordhayaan cabashooyinka"] [https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 "Madaxweyne Donald Trump waxa uu amray in uu bixiyo $2M si loo ururiyo hay'adaha aan macaash doonka ahayn taas oo qayb ka ah dacwadda madaniga ah"] [https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12 "Taariikhda dheer ee Trump ee Deutsche Bank waxay hadda noqon kartaa xarunta baaritaanka Robert Mueller"] [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christophermassie/theres-hours-of-audio-of-donald-trumps-nationally-syndicated "Waxaa jira saacado maqal ah oo ah Bandhigga Raadiyaha Qaranka ee Donald Trump's Syndicated 2000-meeyadii"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ "Sida warbaahinta muxaafidka ahi ula wareegayso xisbiga Jamhuuriga"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/02/04/trump-resigns-screen-actors-guild/ "Iyadoo uu wajahayo cayrinta, Trump wuxuu iska casilayaa xubinnimada jilayaasha shaashadda: 'Waxba iima aadan sameynin'] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ "Bush wuxuu yidhi Trump wuxuu ahaa Dimuqraadi in ka badan Jamhuuriga" tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay'] [https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/donald-trump-was-once-a-registered-democrat-and-party-donor-why-did-he-jump-ship/wj85mj5yq "Donald Trump mar wuxuu ahaa deeq bixiye dimuqraadi ah iyo xisbi, haddaba muxuu markabka u booday?"] [https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/ "Donald Trump wuxuu u tartamay madaxweyne sannadkii 2000 dhowr xisbi oo dib u habayn ah] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race "Donald Trump wuxuu ku guuldarreystay inuu ka baxo tartanka doorashada madaxtinimada Mareykanka ee 2012"] [https://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489476187/trump-s-second-amendment-comment-fit-a-pattern-of-ambiguous-speech "Khudbada muranka badan dhalisay ee Donald Trump inta badan way socotaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/ "Su'aalaha Trump wuxuu u baahan yahay NATO, wuxuu qeexayaa siyaasadda dibadda ee aan dhexdhexaad ahayn"] [https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ "Donald Trump wuxuu jebiyey taariikhda dhow isagoo aan soo celin canshuur celinta"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Donald Trump Waxa Uu Qiray In Aanu Bixin Cashuuraha Dakhliga Dowladda Dhexe Muddo Sanado Ah"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html "Tiro taariikhi ah oo codbixiyeyaal ah ayaa xumaaday, waxaana intooda badan loo malaynayaa inay u codeeyaan Clinton"] [https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ "Guusha Trump tusaale kale oo ku saabsan sida Kuliyada Doorashada ay u guuleysato ayaa ka weyn codadka dadweynaha"] [https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience "Donald Trump wuxuu noqon doonaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee Maraykanka ee aan lahayn khibrad siyaasadeed iyo mid milatari"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html "Dacwad ku saabsan xadgudubyada Emoluments Trump waxay kasbatay soo jiidashada maxkamadda"] [https://cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/emoluments-supreme-court-donald-trump-case/ "Maxkamadda sare waxay meesha ka saartay kiisas ka dhan ah Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-donation-salary-white-house/2021/07/29/07723234-efd9-11eb-bf80-e3877d9c5f06_story.html "Trump ma raacay ballan qaadkiisii ​​ahaa in uu ku deeqayo 6-dii bilood ee ugu dambeysay mushaarkiisa madaxtinimo? Waa wax qarsoon"] [https://www.citizensforethics.org/reports-investigations/crew-reports/trump-likely-benefited-from-13-6-million-in-payments-from-foreign-governments-during-his-presidency "Trump waxay u badan tahay inuu ka faa'iidey $13.6 milyan oo ay bixiyeen dowlado shisheeye intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/08/trump-jobs-record/ "Trump wuxuu lahaan doonaa rikoodhkii ugu xumaa ee shaqooyinka taariikhda casriga ah ee Maraykanka. Kaliya maaha masiibada"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html "Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka 2017-kii inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Moscow ee doorashada Mareykanka"] [https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ "Xidhiidh badan oo badan, badan, badan, xiriir badan ayuu Donald Trump la leeyahay Ruushka"] {{Wayback|url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |date=20170228022233 }} [https://www.9news.com.au/world/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-investigation-started-with-alexander-downer-interview/16121e23-bdfc-4f32-9822-e4a7f841e3e4 "Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah: Baadhitaanka Trump ee Ruushka ayaa ka bilaabmay waraysiga Alexander Downer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/us/politics/trump-russia-justice-department.html "Xafiiska Cadaaladda. Weligaa si buuxda uma baarin xiriirka Trump ee Ruushka, saraakiishii hore ayaa yiri "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/30/trump-briefly-acknowledges-that-russia-aided-his-election-falsely-says-he-didnt-help-effort/ "Trump wuxuu si kooban u qirayaa in Ruushku gacan ka geystay doorashadiisa - wuxuuna si been abuur ah u sheegay inuusan gacan ka geysan dadaalka"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/328637/last-trump-job-approval-average-record-low.aspx "Oggolaanshaha shaqada ee Trump ee u dambeeyay 34%; Celceliska waa Rikoor-hoosee 41%"] [https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ "Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee la doortay ee Maraykanka oo aan loo magacaabin ninka loogu jecel yahay Maraykanka sannadkiisii ​​ugu horeeyay"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/655955/trump-inaugural-approval-rating-historically-low-again.aspx "Qiimaynta Ansixinta Daahfurka ee Trump waa mid taariikhiyan mar kale hooseysa"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/11/opinion-of-us-has-worsened-in-countries-around-world-in-last-year-survey-shows "Fikirka Mareykanka ayaa ka sii daray dalalka adduunka sannadkii hore, sahan ayaa muujinaya"] [https://www.c-span.org/presidentsurvey2021/ "Sahaminta Taariikhyahanada Madaxweynaha 2021"b] [https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/trump-cspan-president-ranking-497184 "Trump wuxuu ku soo baxay kaalinta 41-aad ee qiimeynta madaxtinimo ee C-SPAN"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/06/30/presidential-rankings-2021-cspan-historians/ "Taariikhyahanadu waxay kaliya doorteen madaxweynayaasha. Trump ma ahayn kii ugu dambeeyay"] [https://scri.siena.edu/2022/06/22/american-presidents-greatest-and-worst/ "Madaxweynayaasha Mareykanka: kan ugu weyn uguna xun"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/19/opinion/how-does-trump-stack-up-against-the-best-and-worst-presidents.html "Fikirka: Sidee buu Trump uga soo horjeedaa kuwa ugu fiican - iyo kan ugu xun - madaxweynayaasha?"] [https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1232447088/historians-presidents-survey-trump-last-biden-14th "Sahanka maalinta madaxweynayaasha taariikhyahanada, Biden vs. Trump maaha wicitaan dhow"]{{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] ppdcq22zz6ta6g4m4xc873ef8vfl3vp 300938 300937 2026-07-06T23:19:22Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Maalka */ Fixed grammar 300938 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald John Trump''' (wuxuu dhashay [[Juun]] [[14]], 1946) waa siyaasi [[Mareykan]] ah, shaqsi warbaahin ah, iyo ganacsade ah madaxweynaha 47-aad ee Mareykanka . Xubin ka tirsan Xisbiga Jamhuuriga , wuxuu soo noqday madaxweynihii [[45]]-aad ee [[2017]] ilaa 2021. {{Infobox officeholder | image = Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. THIS IS the new official portrait. See the talk page. --> | alt = Sawirka rasmiga ah ee Madaxweynaha 2025, Donald Trump, oo ah nin caddaan ah oo da’ ah, timo huruud khafiif ah leh, xirta surwaal iyo jaakad buluug ah oo leh surwaal laabta ah, taagan hortiisa calanka Maraykanka. | caption = Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2025. | order = 45aad & 47aad <!-- DO NOT ADD A LINK. Please discuss any proposal on the talk page first. Most recent discussion at [[Talk:Donald Trump/Archive 65#Link-ifying "45th" in the Infobox?]] Waxay lahayd isfaham daciif ah oo lagu sii hayo xaaladda hadda jirta (ma jiro xiriir/ilaha lagu tixraaco).--> | office = Madaxweynaha Maraykanka | vicepresident = [[JD Vance]] | term_start = January 20, 2025 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Joe Biden]] | successor = | vicepresident1 = [[Mike Pence]] | term_start1 = January 20, 2017 | term_end1 = January 20, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Barack Obama]] | successor1 = Joe Biden | birth_name = Donald John Trump | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|6|14}} | birth_place = [[Queens]], [[New York City]], U.S. | death_place = | party = [[Xisbiga Jamhuuriga (Mareykanka)|Jamhuuriyaan]] (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–Hadda) | otherparty = {{ubl | [[Xisbiga Dib-u-habaynta ee Mareykanka|Dib-u-habayn]] (1999–2001) | [[Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga (Mareykanka)|Dimuqraadiga]] (2001–2009) | [[Siyaasi madax banaan|Madax banaan]] (2011–2012)}} | spouse = {{ubl | {{marriage|[[Ivana Trump|Ivana Zelníčková]]|1977|1990|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Marla Maples]]|1993|1999|end=divorced}} | {{marriage|[[Melania Trump|Melania Knauss]]|2005}} }} | children = {{hlist | [[Donald Trump Jr. |Donald Jr.]] | [[Ivanka Trump|Ivanka]] | [[Eric Trump|Eric]] | [[Tiffany Trump|Tiffany]] | Barron }} | parents = {{ubl | [[Fred Trump]] | [[Mary Anne MacLeod]]}} | relatives = [[Qoyska Trump]] | education = [[Jaamacadda Pennsylvania]] ([[Bachelor of Shahaadada Sayniska|BS]]) | occupation = {{hlist | Siyaasi | Ganacsade | Shaqsiga warbaahinta }} | residence = [[Aqalka Cad]] | awards = | signature = Donald Trump (Presidential signature).svg | signature_alt = Saxeexa Donald J. Trump oo qaab farshaxan leh, lagu qoray khad. | website = {{ubl | {{URL|donaldjtrump.com|Campaign website}} | {{URL|trumplibrary.gov|Presidential library}} | {{URL|whitehouse.gov|White House website}} | {{URL|trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov|White House archives}} }} | module = {{Listen voice | filename = Donald Trump speaks on declaration of Covid-19 as a Global Pandemic by the World Health Organization.ogg | description = Trump oo ka hadlay bayaanka [[Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka|Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka]] [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 oo ah cudur faafa caalami ah]] | recorded = Maarso 11, 2020 }} }} Waxa uu ka dhashay qoys qani ah oo ku nool magaalada New York, Trump waxa uu ka qalin jabiyay jaamacadda Pennsylvania [[1968]]-dii isaga oo shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaatay cilmiga dhaqaalaha. Waxa uu noqday madaxweynaha ganacsiga hantida ma-guurtada ah ee qoyskiisa 1971-kii, waxa uu u bixiyay ururka Trump , waxa uuna bilaabay in uu helo oo dhiso dhismayaal dhaadheer, hoteello, casinos, iyo koorsooyin golf. Waxa uu bilaabay ganacsiyo dhinac ah, qaar badan oo shati siinaya magaca Trump, waxana uu xareeyay lix shil oo ganacsi 1990-meeyadii iyo 2000-meeyadii. Laga soo bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2015, wuxuu martigeliyay bandhigga telefishanka dhabta ah ee Tababbarka , isagoo xoojiyay caannimadiisa bilyaneer. Isaga oo isu soo bandhigaya siyaasad dibadda ka ah, Trump ayaa ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016-kii oo uu kula tartamay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary klinton . Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu soo rogay xayiraad dhanka socdaalka ah toddobo waddan oo Muslimiin u badan, wuxuu ballaariyay darbiga xuduudka Mexico iyo Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaqan geliyey siyaasadda kala fogeynta qoyska ee xadka. Waxa uu dib u rogay xeerarkii deegaanka iyo ganacsiga, waxa uu saxeexay cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada , waxaanu magacaabay saddex garsoore oo Maxkamadda Sare ah. Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, Trump wuxuu ka saaray Mareykanka heshiisyada cimilada, ganacsiga iyo barnaamijka Nukliyeerka Iran, wuxuuna bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo uu la galo Shiinaha . Isaga oo ka jawaabaya masiibada COVID-19 laga soo bilaabo 2020, wuxuu hoos u dhigay darnaantiisa, wuxuu khilaafay saraakiisha caafimaadka, wuxuuna saxiixay Sharciga CARES . Ka dib markii uu lumiyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2020 ee Joe Biden , Trump wuxuu isku dayay inuu baabi'iyo natiijada , isagoo ku dhamaaday weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol 2021. Waxaa lagu riday 2019 ku takrifal awood iyo carqaladeyn Congress-ka, iyo 2021 kicin kicin; guurtidu way ku wayday labada jeerba. 2023, Trump waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay kiisaska madaniga ah ee xadgudubka galmada ( Faylasha Epstein )iyo sumcad-dilista iyo khiyaanada ganacsiga . Waxaa lagu helay dambi ah inuu ka been abuuray diiwaannada ganacsiga 2024, taasoo ka dhigtay inuu noqdo madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Mareykan ah oo lagu helo dambi. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimada ee 2024 ee Kamala Harris , waxaa lagu xukumay siidayn ciqaab la'aan ah , iyo laba eedeymo dambiile ah oo ka dhan ah haynta dukumentiyada sirta ah iyo carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 ayaa la eryay iyada oo aan eex lahayn. Kiis rafaad ah oo la xidhiidha doorashada 2020 ee Joorjiya waa la sugayaa. Trump wuxuu bilaabay madaxweynanimadiisii ​​labaad isagoo bilaabay shaqo ka cayrin ballaaran oo lagu sameeyay shaqaalaha federaalka . Wuxuu ku soo rogay canshuuraha ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan wadamada heerka ugu sarreeya tan iyo diiqada weyn wuxuuna saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Tallaabooyinka maamulkiisa - oo ay ku jiraan cabsi gelinta mucaaradka siyaasadeed iyo bulshada rayidka ah , masaafurinta soogalootiga, beegsiga dadka jinsiga ah, iyo isticmaalka ballaaran ee amarada fulinta - waxay soo saareen in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo ka soo horjeeda sharcinimadooda . Kiisaska caanka ah waxay hoosta ka xariiqeen tafsiirkiisa ballaadhan ee aragtida fulinta ee midaysan waxayna keentay khilaaf weyn oo lala galo maxkamadaha federaalka. Garsoorayaasha ayaa wax badan oo ka mid ah maamulkiisa ku tilmaamay kuwo sharci darro ah, waxaana dhowr jeer lagu tilmaamay kuwo aan sharciga waafaqsanayn. Laga soo bilaabo 2015, qaabka hoggaamineed ee Trump iyo ajandihiisa siyaasadeed - oo inta badan loo yaqaan Trumpism - ayaa wax ka beddelay aqoonsiga xisbiga Jamhuuriga. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinkiisa iyo ficilladiisa ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsuri ama caqli-xumo, wuxuuna sameeyay hadallo been abuur ah ama marin-habaabin ah wuxuuna kor u qaaday aragtiyaha shirqoolka heer aan horay looga baran siyaasadda Mareykanka. Tallaabooyinka Trump, gaar ahaan markiisa labaad, ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay ahaayeen kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geystay dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ka dib, aqoonyahanno iyo taariikhyahannadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen inuu yahay mid ka mid ah madaxweynayaashii ugu xumaa taariikhda Mareykanka Eedayno badana Waxa Loogu Soo jeediyay Dagaalkii Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iiraan Iyo Difaaciisi Israa'iil iyo Carabta Bariga dhexe . ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== [[File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg|thumb|Akadeemiyada Militariga ee New York , 1964]] Donald John Trump waxa uu ku dhashay June 14, 1946, waxa uu ku dhashay cisbitaalka Jamaica ee ku yaala degmada New York ee degmada Queens , waana ilmihii afraad ee Fred Trump iyo Mary Anne MacLeod Trump . Waa Jarmal iyo Iskotish. Wuxuu ku koray walaalihiis ka weyn, Maryanne , Fred Jr. , iyo Elizabeth, iyo walaalkiis ka yar, Robert , oo ku yaal guri 23-qol ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Jamaica Estates ee Queens. Fred Trump wuxuu caruurtiisa siin jiray midkiiba $20,000 sanadkii, una dhiganta $265,000 sanadkii 2024. Trump wuxuu ahaa milyaneer doolarka sicir-bararka lagu hagaajiyay markuu siddeed jir ahaa. Trump wuxuu dhiganayay dugsiga gaarka loo leeyahay ee Kew-Forest ilaa fasalka toddobaad. Wuxuu ahaa ilmo dhib badan, wuxuuna muujiyay xiisaha hore ee ganacsiga aabihiis. Aabihii waxa uu ka diwaan galiyay New York Military Academy , dugsi boodhin ah oo gaar loo leeyahay, si uu u dhamaysto dugsiga sare. Akadeemiyadda ayaa ku riixday ardayda ciyaaraha isboortiga. waxayna bareen muhiimada guusha. Dugsigii sare, darajooyinkiisu way fiicnaadeen ilaa celceliska B. Trump wuxuu tixgeliyey xirfad ganacsi oo muujinaya, laakiin halkii, si uu ugu dhawaado guriga, wuxuu iska diiwaan geliyay Jaamacadda Fordham 1964. Waxa uu ka qaybqaatay barnaamijka Tababarka Saraakiisha Kaydka ah intii lagu jiray sannadkiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, isagoo dhiganayay fasallo ku labisan dharka ciidamada Arbacada kasta, laakiin wuxuu tuuray sannadkiisii ​​labaad. Wuxuu tuuray kubbadda cagta seddex ama afar usbuuc ka dib wuxuuna ahaa kubbadda cagta dhexdhexaad ah iyo ciyaartoy tennis ah. Asxaabtiisa Fordham waxay ku bareen golf. Sannadkiisii ​​yaraa, wuxuu u wareegay Dugsiga Wharton ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania , inta badan wuxuu u safri jiray xafiiska aabbihiis maalmaha fasaxa ah, wuxuuna ka qalin jabiyay Maajo 1968 oo uu ka qaatay shahaadada Sayniska ee dhaqaalaha. Kulliyadda ma ahayn ardaygii ugu sarreeyay ee uu mararka qaarkood sheegan jiray. Waqtigii uu aaday Wharton-halkaas oo uusan ka muuqan liiska kuwa hela abaalmarinta - wuxuu isha ku hayay xirfad ku taal hantida maguurtada ah. Waxa laga reebay qabyo-qoraalka intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Vietnam sababtoo ah sheegashada lafaha cidhibtiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee shan sano oo uu ku jiray dugsiga milatariga, wax dan ah uma lahayn inuu dagaal galo. Koritaanka, wuxuu tixgeliyey aabbihiis iyo wadaadka qoyska, Norman Vincent Peale , inuu noqdo lataliyeyaashiisa. Aabihiis wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu yahay "boqor" iyo inuu yahay "dilaaye". Peale wuxuu ku wacdiyey isku kalsoonida sida dhiirigelinta barwaaqada. ==Xirfad ganacsi== ===Hanti ma guurto ah=== Laga bilaabo 1968, Trump waxa uu ka shaqaaleysiiyay Maareynta Trump, shirkadda aabbihiis ee hantida maguurtada ah, taas oo maamusha dhismayaasha dabaqyada dhexe ee Fred uu ka dhisay Queens , Staten Island , iyo Brooklyn . Hawlihiisa ugu muhiimsan waxay ahaayeen ururinta kirada iyo hagaajinta ilaa shan sano. Isagoo soo jiidasho leh iyo qaninimadiisa, Trump wuxuu ka codsaday aabihiis inuu ku ballaariyo Manhattan halkaas oo qiimihiisu sarreeyo, laakiin aabihiis ayaa ku qanacsanaa xaafadaha dibadda. 1971, wuxuu u guuray Manhattan halkaas oo uu qorsheeyay inuu u guuro ganacsiga wuxuuna u socdaalay xafiiska aabihiis. Sannadkaas, aabihiis wuxuu naftiisa ka dhigay guddoomiye iyo madaxweyne Trump, isaga oo kormeeraya 48 shirkadood oo gaar ah iyo 15 iskaashiga qoyska. Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ururka Trump u isticmaalo dalad ahaan magacyada shirkadaha ganacsi ee aabihiis. Roy Cohn , saamaynta hore ee Trump ee ugu muhiimsan aabihiis ka dib, wuxuu ahaa hagaajintiisa , qareenka, iyo lataliye. sannadihii 13 ee 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii. Cohn wuxuu baray Trump inuu u maleeyo in noloshu tahay macaamil ganacsi. 1973, Cohn wuxuu ka caawiyay Trump inuu ka soo horjeesto dawladda Mareykanka $ 100 milyan (oo u dhiganta $ 708 milyan 2024. eedeymaha ah in guryaha Trump ay takooreen codsadeyaasha madow iyo kireystayaasha. Eedihii Trump waa la laalay, waxaana kiiskii dawladda lagu dhameeyey Trumps oo saxeexay amar oggolaansho oo oggolaaday in meesha laga saaro. Afar sano ka dib, Trumps ayaa mar kale wajahay maxkamadaha markii lagu helay inay diidaan wareegtada. Caawinta mashaariicda Trump, Cohn wuxuu ahaa consigliere kaas oo isku xirka Mafia ay gacanta ku hayaan ururrada dhismaha. Sannadkii 1979-kii, Cohn wuxuu Trump u soo bandhigay la-taliyaha siyaasadda Roger Stone , kaasoo qoray adeegyada Stone si uu ula macaamilo dowladda federaalka. Trump waxa uu ka guuray istuudiyaha isaga oo u guuray guri guri leh oo aragti ah waxa uuna helay shatiga dilaalnimada guryaha bartamihii 1970-meeyadii. Kahor da'da soddon sano, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaankiisa dacwadda, iyada oo aan loo eegin natiijada iyo kharashka; xitaa markii laga badiyay, wuxuu kiiska ku tilmaamay guul. In ka badan soddon sano laga soo bilaabo 2018, Trump wuxuu ku lug lahaa in ka badan 4,000 oo dacwado ah, deymo, iyo faylalyo kale, oo inta badan loo xareeyay lacag la'aan isaga oo ka soo horjeeda shaqaalaha, qandaraaslayaasha, dilaaliinta guryaha, iyo qareenadiisa. Intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009 , Trump wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix ka mid ah ganacsigiisa: Plaza Hotel ee Manhattan, casinos ee Atlantic City, New Jersey , iyo Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts company. Sannadkii 1992, Trump, walaalihiis Maryanne, Elizabeth, iyo Robert, iyo ina-adeerkiis John W. Walter waxay samaysteen All County Building Supply & Maintenance Corp, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay 20 boqolkiiba. Shirkaddu ma lahayn xafiisyo waxaana lagu eedeeyay inay ahayd shirkad qolof ah oo bixisa bixinta adeegyada iyo saadka guryaha kiraynta Trump, ka dibna biilasha adeegyadaas iyo sahayda Maamulka Trump u dhigma 20-50 boqolkiiba iyo ka badan. Milkiilayaasha ayaa wadaagay dakhliga ka soo xarooday calaamaduhu. Kharashka la kordhiyey waxa loo isticmaalay in lagu helo ogolaanshaha gobolka ee kordhinta kirada unugyadiisa kirada-degan. Bishii Janaayo 1994, walaalaha waxay samaysteen Apartment Management Associates waxayna la wareegeen khidmadaha maaraynta ee ay hore u qaadi jirtay Maamulka Trump. Sidoo kale sicir-bararka kirada, qorshayaasha ayaa u adeegay in lagu wareejiyo hantida Fred Trump caruurtiisa iyo adeerka oo hoos loo dhigo culeyska canshuurta. ===Manhattan iyo Chicago horumarka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_with_model_of_Television_City.jpg|thumb|1985-kii oo wata moodal ka mid ah mashruuciisii ​​horumarinta Manhattan ee la soo riday ]] Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha dadweynaha 1978-dii markii uu bilaabay qoyskisa ganacsigii ugu horreeyay ee Manhattan: dib u cusboonaysiinta hudheelka Commodore ee burburay , oo ku dheggan Grand Central Terminal. Maalgelinta waxa fududeeyey $400 milyan oo cashuur dhimis ah oo hantida magaalada ah oo uu u habeeyey isaga oo uu aabbihiis u habeeyey kaas oo sidoo kale, si wada jir ah ula Hyatt , u dammaanad qaaday $70 milyan amaah dhismaha bangiga ah. Hudheelka ayaa dib loo furay 1980-kii isagoo ah Grand Hyatt Hotel , isla sanadkaas, wuxuu helay xuquuq uu ku horumarinayo Trump Tower , oo ah dhismo isku dhafan oo ku yaal Midtown Manhattan. Dhismuhu wuxuu ku yaalaa xarunta dhexe ee Trump Corporation iyo Trump's PAC wuxuuna ahaa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ilaa 2019. 1988, Trump wuxuu ku iibsaday Plaza Hotel isagoo dayn ka helay shirkado ay leeyihiin 16 bangi. Hudheelka ayaa loo gudbiyay ilaalinta musalsalka 1992, waxaana la ansixiyay qorshe dib-u-habayn bil ka dib, iyadoo bangiyada ay la wareegayaan hantida. Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu iska diiday in ka badan $3 bilyan oo deymo bangi ah, amaah-bixiyayaashuna waxay la wareegeen Hotel Plaza oo ay la socdaan badi hantidiisa kale "dib u habeyn ballaaran oo bahdilaad ah" taasoo u ogolaatay inuu ka fogaado khasaare shakhsi ah. Qareenka hogaanka bangiga ayaa sheegay go'aanka bangiyada in "dhammaan waxay isku raaceen in uu ka nolol fiicnaan lahaa dhimashada". Sannadkii 1996-kii, Trump waxa uu la wareegay oo dib u habayn ku sameeyay dhisme 71 dabaq ah oo inta badan bannaanaa oo ku yaalla 40 Wall Street , oo markii dambe loo beddelay Dhismaha Trump. Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, wuxuu ku guuleystay xaqa uu u leeyahay inuu horumariyo dhul 70-acre (28 ha) ah oo ku yaal xaafadda Lincoln Square ee u dhow webiga Hudson. Isagoo ku dhibtoonaya deynta ganacsiyada kale ee 1994, wuxuu ka iibiyay inta badan danihiisa mashruuca maalgashadayaasha Aasiya, kuwaas oo maalgeliyay dhamaystirka mashruuca, Riverside South . Mashruucii ugu dambeeyay ee Trump ee dhismaha wuxuu ahaa 92-dabaq ee isku dhafan ee isticmaalka Trump International Hotel iyo Tower ee Chicago, kaas oo la furay 2008. 2024, The New York Times iyo ProPublica ayaa sheegay in Adeegga Dakhliga Gudaha uu baarayay haddii uu laba jeer qoray khasaaraha soo gaaray iyada oo loo marayo kharashka dhismaha iyo iibinta iibinta guryaha yar ee dib u celinta 8. ===casinos Atlantic magaalada=== [[File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg|thumb|Galitaanka Trump Taj Mahal ee Atlantic magaalada]] 1984, Trump wuxuu Harrah ka furay Trump Plaza , hudheel iyo casino, iyada oo maalgelin iyo caawimo maamul ay ka heshay Shirkadda Holiday . Waxay ahayd mid aan faa'iido lahayn, wuxuuna bixiyay Holiday $ 70 milyan bishii Maajo 1986 si uu keligiis u maamulo.  Sannadkii 1985-kii, waxa uu iibsaday hudheelka Atlantic City Hilton oo aan la furin oo uu u beddelay qalcadda Trump . Labada casinos waxay xareeyeen cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta 1992.  Trump wuxuu iibsaday goobta saddexaad ee Atlantic City 1988, Trump Taj Mahal . Waxaa lagu maalgeliyay $675 milyan oo doollar oo junk bonds ah waxaana lagu dhammeeyey $1.1 bilyan, oo la furay Abriil 1990. Waxa uu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta ee 1991. Sida ku cad qodobbada heshiiska dib-u-qaabaynta, waxa uu ka tanaasulay kala badh saamigiisii ​​hore oo shakhsi ahaan dammaanad qaaday waxqabadka mustaqbalka. Si uu u dhimo $900 milyan ee daynta gaarka ah, waxa uu iibiyay diyaaradda Trump Shuttle ; megayacht, Princess Trump , kaas oo laga kireeyay casinoskiisa oo lagu hayo; iyo ganacsiyo kale.  Sannadkii 1995, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), kaas oo qaatay lahaanshaha Trump Plaza.  THCR waxa ay iibsatay Taj Mahal iyo Qasriga Trump 1996 waxana uu kacay 2004 iyo 2009, isaga oo ka tagay lahaanshaha boqolkiiba 10. Waxa uu ahaa guddoomiyaha ilaa 2009. ===Naadiyada Golf-ka=== Sanadkii 1985, Trump wuxuu la wareegay dhismaha Mar-a-Lago ee Palm Beach, Florida. Sannadkii 1995-kii, wuxuu u beddelay hantidii koox gaar ah oo leh lacag bilaw ah iyo kharashyo sannadle ah. Wuxuu sii waday inuu u isticmaalo baalka guriga sidii guri gaar ah. Waxa uu ku dhawaaqay naadigiisa hoygiisa aasaasiga ah ee 2019. Waxa uu bilaabay dhisidda iyo iibsiga koorsooyinka golf- ka 1999-kii, isaga oo haysta 17 koorso golf ah 2016. ===Shati siinta magaca Trump=== Ururka Trump wuxuu inta badan shati u siiyay magaca Trump ee badeecadaha iyo adeegyada macaamiisha, oo ay ku jiraan cuntooyinka, dharka, koorasyada waxbarashada, iyo alaabta guriga. In ka badan 50 heshiisyada shatiga ama maamulka ayaa ku lug lahaa magaca Trump, isaga oo u soo saaray ugu yaraan $59 milyan shirkadihiisa. Sannadkii 2018, kaliya laba shirkadood oo alaabta macaamiisha ah ayaa sii waday inay sii wataan shatiga magaciisa. Intii lagu jiray 2000-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu magaciisa shati u siiyay horumarinta guryaha la dego ee adduunka oo dhan, 40 kuwaas oo aan waligood la dhisin. ===Dhaqdhaqaaqyada dhinaca=== [[File:Donald_Trump_and_Doug_Flutie_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Trump_Tower.jpg|thumb|1985 New Jersey Generals shir jaraa'id ee Trump Tower]] Sannadkii 1970-kii, Trump waxa uu galiyay $70,000 oo hantida aabbihiis ah si uu u helo biilasha isaga oo ka mid ah soo saaraha majaajilada Broadway-waxana uu lumiyay lacagtii. Ka dib markii uu u sameeyay dalabyo kubbadda hoose ee New York Mets iyo kooxihii Cleveland Indians baseball, 1983 ilaa $6 milyan, wuxuu iibsaday New Jersey Generals , koox ka tirsan Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Mareykanka . Horyaalka ayaa isku laabmay ka dib xilli ciyaareedkii 1985, oo ay ugu wacan tahay isku daygiisa inuu u guuro jadwalka dayrta (marka ay la tartami lahayd Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta Qaranka ee dhagaystayaasha) iyo isku daygiisii ​​ahaa inuu ku qasbo ku biirista NFL isagoo keenaya suudh liddi ku ah. Trump iyo Hotelkiisa Plaza waxa ay marti galiyeen dhowr ciyaarood oo feerka ah hoolka shirarka ee Atlantic City Convention Hall . 1989 iyo 1990, wuxuu magaciisa ku siiyay tartanka tartanka baaskiilka ee Tour de Trump , isku dayga uu ku abuurayo Maraykan u dhigma jinsiyadaha Yurub sida Tour de France ama Giro d'Italia . Laga soo bilaabo 1986 ilaa 1988, wuxuu iibsaday qaybo badan oo saamiyo ah shirkado kala duwan oo dawladeed isagoo soo jeediyay inuu damacsan yahay inuu la wareego shirkadda kadibna uu iibiyo saamigiisa faa'iido, taasoo keentay in dadka indha indheeya ay u maleynayaan inuu ku hawlan yahay ganacsiga cagaaran .waqtiga New York waxay ogaatay in uu markii hore malaayiin doolar ku sameeyay macaamil ganacsi oo noocaas ah, laakiin "luminaya inta badan, haddii aysan ahayn dhammaan, faa'iidooyinkaas ka dib markii maalgashadayaasha ay joojiyeen in ay si dhab ah u qaataan hadalkiisa". [[File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG|thumb|Xiddiga Trump ee Socodka caanka ah ee Hollywood]] 1988, Trump waxa uu iibsaday Shuttle-ka Diyaaradaha ee Bari , isaga oo ku maal-geliyay iibsiga $380 milyan (oo u dhiganta $1.01 bilyan ee 2024 oo amaah ah oo ka socota bangiyada 22. Waxa uu u beddelay shirkadda duulimaadka ee Trump Shuttle waxana uu ku shaqaynayey ilaa 1992. Waxa uu diiday deymihiisii ​​1991-kii, lahaanshahana waxa uu u gudbay bangiyada. 1996-kii, wuxuu soo iibsaday Miss Universe pageants, oo ay ku jiraan Miss USA iyo Miss Teen USA . Sababtoo ah khilaafyada CBS ee ku saabsan jadwalka, wuxuu u qaaday labada bog ee NBC ee 2002. 2007, wuxuu helay xiddig ku socda Hollywood Walk of Fame shaqadiisa soo saaraha Miss Universe. NBC iyo Univision waxay hoos u dhigeen boggaga bishii Juun 2015 iyaga oo ka falcelinaya faallooyinkiisa ku saabsan soogalootiga Mexico. Sannadkii 2005, Trump waxa uu aasaasay Jaamacadda Trump , oo ah shirkad iibisa siminaarada guryaha ilaa $35,000. Ka dib markii maamulka Gobolka New York ay ku wargaliyeen shirkadda in isticmaalkeeda "jaamacad" ay jabisay sharciga gobolka (maadaama aysan ahayn machad akadeemiyadeed), magaceeda waxaa loo beddelay Trump Entrepreneur Initiative 2010. Sannadkii 2013, Gobolka New York wuxuu gudbiyay $ 40 milyan dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Jaamacadda Trump, isagoo ku eedeeyay in shirkadu ay samaysay hadallo been abuur ah oo ay khiyaanaysay macaamiisha. Intaa waxaa dheer, laba tallaabo oo heer caalami ah ayaa laga gudbiyay maxkamad federaali ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyo shirkadihiisa. Dukumiintiyo gudaha ah ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in shaqaalaha lagu amray inay adeegsadaan qaab si adag loo iibiyo, waxaana shaqaalihii hore ay caddeeyeen in jaamacadda Trump ay khiyaameysay ama been u sheegtay ardaydeeda. Wax yar ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016, wuxuu ogolaaday inuu bixiyo wadarta $ 25 milyan si loo xalliyo saddexda kiis. ===Aasaaska=== Donald J. Trump Foundation wuxuu ahaa aasaaska gaarka ah ee la aasaasay 1988. Laga soo bilaabo 1987 ilaa 2006, Trump wuxuu siiyay aasaaskiisa $ 5.4 milyan, taas oo ku baxday dhammaadkii 2006 . Vince McMahon . Aasaaska ayaa la siiyay samafalka caafimaadka- iyo isboortiga la xiriira, kooxaha muxaafidka ah, iyo samafal oo qabtay munaasabadaha guryaha Trump. Sannadkii 2016, The Washington Post ayaa sheegtay in hay'ad samafal ahi ay geysatay dhowr xadgudubyo xagga sharciga iyo anshaxa ah, oo ay ku jiraan is-wax-ka-qabasho iyo canshuur lunsi . Sidoo kale 2016, xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York ayaa sheegay in aasaaska uu ku xad-gudbay sharciga gobolka iyadoo la codsanayo deeqaha iyada oo aan la soo gudbin xisaab-celinta dibadda ee sannadlaha ah ee loo baahan yahay oo uu ku amray inay joojiso hawlaheeda lacag-ururinta ee New York isla markiiba. Kooxda Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay December 2016 in aasaaska la burburin doono. Bishii Juun 2018, xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee New York wuxuu gudbiyay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah aasaaska, Trump, iyo caruurtiisa qaangaarka, iyagoo raadinaya $2.8 milyan oo magdhow ah iyo ganaaxyo dheeraad ah. Bishii Diseembar 2018, aasaaska shaqada wuu joojiyay oo wuxuu u qaybiyay hantidiisa hay'ado kale oo samafal ah. ]Bishii Noofambar 2019, garsooraha gobolka New York ayaa ku amray Trump inuu bixiyo $2 milyan oo doolar koox samafal ah oo si khaldan u isticmaalay lacagaha mu'asasada, qayb ahaan si loo maalgeliyo ololihiisa madaxtinimo. ===Arrimaha sharciga iyo kacsiga=== Marka loo eego dib-u-eegis lagu sameeyay faylalka maxkamadda gobolka iyo federaalka oo ay samaysay USA Today sanadkii 2018, Trump iyo ganacsigiisu waxay ku lug lahaayeen in ka badan 4,000 oo tallaabo sharci oo heer gobol iyo federaal ah. Inkastoo uusan u xarayn kicinta shakhsi ahaaneed , ganacsigiisa hudheelka iyo casinos ee Atlantic City iyo New York wuxuu xareeyay cutubka 11 ee ilaalinta kicinta lix jeer intii u dhaxaysay 1991 iyo 2009. Waxay sii wadeen inay shaqeeyaan halka bangiyada ay dib u habeyn ku sameeyeen deynta waxayna yareeyeen saamiyadiisa guryaha. Intii lagu jiray 1980-meeyadii, in ka badan 70 bangi ayaa Trump amaahiyay $4 bilyan. Ka dib markii uu kacday shirkaddiisa horraantii 1990-meeyadii, bangiyada ugu waaweyn, marka laga reebo Deutsche Bank , waxay diideen inay amaahiyaan isaga. Ka dib weerarkii Janaayo 6 ee Capitol , bangigu wuxuu go'aansaday inuusan ganacsi la samayn isaga ama shirkadiisa xiriirka la leh mustaqbalka. ===Maalka=== [[File:State Visit of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia State Dinner Receiving Line with Ivana Trump and Donald Trump in East Room - DPLA - 1a44d05819eab8ba3dcf7a6883ad92ba.jpg|thumb|Trump (midigta midig) iyo xaaskiisa Ivana oo 1985-kii casho sharaf dawladeed u sameeyey [[Boqor]] Fahad ee [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo ay la yeesheen Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan iyo Marwada 1aad ee Nansii Reagan]] Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu shaqadiisa ku bilaabay “amaah yar oo hal milyan oo dollar ah” oo uu aabihii ka helay oo ay ahayd in uu dib ugu bixiyo ribo. Waxa uu ka amaahday ugu yaraan $60 milyan aabbihii, inta badan ma bixin deymihii, oo waxa uu ka helay $413 milyan oo kale (2018 u dhiganta, oo loo habeeyey sicir bararka) shirkadda aabihiis.  Isaga oo iska dhigaya sarkaal ka tirsan Ururka Trump oo lagu magacaabo " John Barron ", Trump wuxuu wacay saxafiga Jonathan Greenberg [[1984]], isagoo isku dayaya inuu darajo sare ka helo liiska Forbes 400 ee hodanka Mareykanka. Trump wuxuu iskiis u sheegay qiimihiisa saafiga ah: laga jaray $900 milyan 1990  ilaa $10 bilyan 2015. Sannadkii 2015, Forbes wuxuu ku qiyaasay hantidiisa $4.5 bilyan, iyadoo lagu salaynayo waraysiyo lala yeeshay in ka badan 80 ilo. Sannadkii 2025, majaladda ayaa ku qiyaastay hantidiisa $5.1 bilyan waxayna ku qiimeysay qofka 700-aad ee ugu qanisan adduunka. ==Xirfadda warbaahinta== Trump waxa uu daabacay 19 buug oo magaciisa ku qoran, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay qoreen ama ay qoreen kuwa wax qora . Buugiisi ugu horeeyay, The Art of the Deal (1987), waxa uu ahaa New York Times iibiyaha ugu fiican , waxaana lagu tiriyaa New Yorker in uu Trump ka dhigay mid caan ku ah "astaanta maalqabeenada guulaystay". Buugga waxaa qoray Tony Schwartz , kaas oo loo aqoonsan yahay qoraaga. Trump wuxuu lahaa muuqaalo filimaan badan iyo bandhigyo telefishan laga soo bilaabo 1985 ilaa 2001 . Wuxuu si goos-goos ah ugu soo muuqday shirkadda legdinta ee WWE laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii oo ay ku jiraan WrestleMania 23 ee 2007. Laga bilaabo 1990-meeyadii, Trump wuxuu u muuqday 24 jeer isagoo marti ku ah bandhigga Howard Stern Show ee qaranka . Waxa uu lahaa barnaamij sheeko gaaban oo raadiyaha ah, Trumped! , laga bilaabo 2004 ilaa 2008. Laga soo bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2015, wuxuu ahaa faallooyinka martida ee Fox & Friends . Sannadkii 2021, Trump, oo xubin ka ahaa tan iyo 1989, wuu iska casilay SAG-AFTRA si uu uga fogaado dhageysiga edbinta ee ku saabsan weerarkii Janaayo 6. Laba maalmood ka dib, ururka shaqaalaha ayaa si joogto ah u diiday isaga. ===Tababbarka iyo Xirfadlaha caanka ah=== Soo saaraha Mark Burnett ayaa Trump ka dhigay xiddig telefishan ah markii uu abuuray The Apprentice , kaas oo Trump uu martigeliyay 2004 ilaa 2015 (oo ay ku jiraan kala duwanaanshaha The Celebrity Apprentice ). Bandhigyada, waxa uu ahaa madaxa fulinta sare oo meesha ka saaray tartamayaasha odhaahda " waad cayrisay". The New York Times ayaa ugu yeedhay sawirkiisa "mid aad u faanaysi badan, oo aad u khayaali ah" naftiisa. Bandhigyadu waxay dib u dhigeen sawirka Trump malaayiin daawadayaal ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. Heshiisyada shatiga ee la xidhiidha, waxay kasbadeen in ka badan $400 milyan. ==Himilooyinka siyaasadeed ee hore== Trump wuxuu ka diiwaan gashan yahay Jamhuuriya ahaan Queens 1969 iyo Manhattan 1987; xubin ka mid ah Xisbiga Madaxbanaanida , gobolka New York ee xisbiga Reform Party , 1999; Dimuqraadiyiintii 2001 ; Jamhuuriyaddii 2009; aan xiriir la lahayn 2011; iyo Jamhuuriya 2012 [[File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor.jpg|thumb|Isagoo ka hadlaya CPAC , [[Febraayo]] 2011]] 1987, Trump wuxuu xayeysiisyo bog buuxa ah ku dhejiyay wargeysyada waaweyn oo muujinaya aragtidiisa ku aaddan siyaasadda dibadda iyo sida loo tirtiro hoos u dhaca miisaaniyadda federaalka. Sannadkii 1988-kii, waxa uu la xidhiidhay Lee Atwater , isaga oo waydiisanaya in la tixgeliyo in uu yahay musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga ee George HW Bush . Bush wuxuu codsigaas u helay "mid qariib ah oo aan la rumaysan karin". Trump waxa uu ahaa musharrax 2000 ee xisbiga Reform Party ee horudhaca madaxtinnimada saddex bilood ka hor inta uusan ka tanaasulin Febraayo 2000 . Waxa uu ka hadlay shirkii waxqabadka siyaasadda ee muxaafidka bishii Febraayo, wuxuuna khudbado ka jeediyay gobollada horudhaca ah ee horudhaca ah. Bishii Maajo 2011, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuusan tartami doonin ==2016 doorashada madaxweynaha== Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay inuu u sharaxan yahay doorashada 2016 June 2015. Waxa uu u ololeeyay sidii maalqabeen, ganacsade guul leh iyo shisheeye aan khibrad siyaasadeed lahayn, wuxuuna ku andacoodey in warbaahintu u xaglinayso isaga. Hadaladiisa ol'olaha badanaa waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan caddayn oo soo jeedin ah, iyo lambarka rikoodhku waa been. Waxa uu noqday murashaxa ugu horreeya ee Jamhuuriga bishii March 2016 waxaana lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay musharaxa Jamhuuriga ee la malaynayo bishii May [[File:Donald_Trump_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg|thumb|Ololaha Arizona, Maarso 2016]] Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay NATO mid "dhacday" iyo aragtiyo la isku halleyn karo oo lagu tilmaamay Washington Post inay yihiin kuwo aan dhexdhexaad ahayn iyo ilaalin . Ololihiisa ololaha wuxuu xooga saaray dib u gorgortanka xiriirka US-China iyo heshiisyada ganacsiga xorta ah sida NAFTA iyo si adag u dhaqan gelinta sharciyada socdaalka. Jagooyinka kale ee ololaha waxaa ka mid ah raadinta madaxbannaanida tamarta iyada oo ka soo horjeeda xeerarka isbeddelka cimilada, casriyeynta adeegyada loogu talagalay halyeeyada , baabi'inta iyo beddelka sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo , baabi'inta heerarka waxbarashada aasaasiga ah , maalgelinta kaabayaasha , fududaynta koodhka canshuurta iyada oo la dhimayo canshuuraha, iyo ku soo rogida canshuuraha soo dejinta ee shirkadaha ka shaqeeya xeebaha. Waxa uu ku taliyey in la kordhiyo kharashaadka milatariga iyo in si xad dhaaf ah loo baadho ama laga mamnuuco soogalootiga dalalka Muslimka u badan. Waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu darbi ka dhisayo xudduudda Mexico iyo Maraykanka, waxa uuna wacad ku maray in Mexico ay bixin doonto kharashka. Wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu masaafurin doono malaayiin muhaajiriin sharci darro ah oo ku nool Mareykanka , wuxuuna dhaleeceeyay dhalashada dhalashada inuu dhiirigelinayo " carruurta barroosinka ah ". Sida laga soo xigtay falanqaynta Sayniska Siyaasadda ee Quarterly , Trump wuxuu sameeyay "ras-raac cad oo cunsurinimo iyo jinsiyeed ah si uu uga guuleysto codbixiyayaasha cadaanka ah" intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxtinimada ee 2016. Gaar ahaan, khudbadiisii ​​ololaha ololaha ayaa soo jiidatay dhaleeceyn ku aaddan sheegashada muhaajiriinta reer Mexico "waxay keeneen daroogo, waxay keeneen dambi, waa kufsi"; oo ka jawaabaya, NBC waxay ka eriday Xirfadlaha caanka ah . Warbixinada Trump ee FEC ee looga baahan yahay ayaa ku taxay hantida ka sareysa $1.4 bilyan iyo deymaha taagan ee ugu yaraan $315 milyan. Ma uusan sii deyn canshuur celintiisa , taasoo lid ku ah dhaqanka musharax kasta oo weyn tan iyo 1976 iyo ballanqaadkiisii ​​2014 iyo 2015 inuu sidaas sameyn doono haddii uu u tartamo jagada. ( 166 ) Wuxuu sheegay in canshuur celintiisa la baarayo , qareennadiisuna ay kula taliyeen inuusan sii deyn. Kadib dagaal dheer oo maxkamadeed oo lagu joojinayo sii deynta canshuur celintiisa iyo diiwaanada kale ee qareenka degmada Manhattan si loogu sameeyo dambi baaris, oo ay ku jiraan laba racfaan oo uu Trump u gudbiyay Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka , Febraayo 2021 maxkamadda sare waxay ogolaatay in diiwaannada loo sii daayo dacwad oogaha si ay u eegaan xeerbeegti weyn. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, qaybo ka mid ah dacwadaha gobolka Trump ee 1995 ayaa loo siidaayay wariye ka socda New York Times . Waxay muujinayaan inuu ku dhawaaqay inuu khasaaray $ 916 milyan sanadkaas, taas oo u ogolaan karta inuu ka fogaado canshuuraha ilaa 18 sano. Trump ayaa ku guuleystay 306 cod oo la ballanqaaday halka 232 ay heshay musharaxa xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Hillary Clinton . Ka dib markii doorashadi labada dhinac ay ka baxeen , tirinta rasmiga ah waxay ahayd 304 ilaa 227 . Waxa uu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan ka mid ahayn ciidamada, mana qaban wax xafiis dawladeed ka hor inta uusan noqon madaxweynaha. Doorashadiisu waxay calaamad u ahayd soo noqoshada dawlad Jamhuuriya oo aan qaybsanayn . Guusha Trump waxay dhalisay mudaaharaadyo ka dhacay magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Maraykanka ==Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay (2017-2021)== [[File:Donald_Trump_swearing_in_ceremony.jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , oo uu maamulayo madaxa cadaalada John G. Roberts Jr. , Janaayo 20, 2017]] [[File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg|thumb|Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2017]] ===Ficilada hore=== Trump ayaa la caleemasaaray Janaayo 20, 2017. Maalin ka dib markii la caleemasaaray, qiyaastii 2.6 milyan oo qof oo adduunka ah, oo ay ku jiraan 500,000 oo ku nool Washington, DC, ayaa mudaaharaad ka dhan ah isaga oo ka qeyb qaatay socodkii haweenka . Intii lagu guda jiray usbuucii ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump wuxuu saxiixay lix amar fulineed , oo ay ku jiraan oggolaanshaha habraacyada baabi'inta sharciga ilaalinta bukaanka iyo daryeelka la awoodi karo ("Obamacare"), ka noqoshada wada-xaajoodka iskaashiga Trans-Pacific, horumarinta mashaariicda Keystone XL iyo Dakota Access Pipeline , iyo qorsheynta darbiga xadka Maraykanka ee Mexico. ===Isku dhacyada xiisaha=== Ka hor inta aan la caleema-saarin, Trump wuxuu ganacsigiisa u raray kalsooni la burin karo , halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa kalsooni indho la'aan ama habayn u dhigma "si uu naftiisa uga gooyo danihiisa ganacsi". Wuxuu sii waday inuu ka faa'iidaysto ganacsigiisa wuxuuna ogaa sida siyaasadda maamulkiisu u saamaysay. Inkasta oo uu sheegay in uu ka fogaan doono "heshiisyada cusub ee ajnabiga ah", Ururka Trump wuxuu dabagalay ballaarinta hawlgalka ee Scotland, Dubai, iyo Jamhuuriyadda Dominican. ​​Lobbyists, saraakiisha dawladda shisheeye, deeq-bixiyeyaasha Trump iyo xulafadooda ayaa boqolaal milyan oo doolar u soo ururiyay goobihiisa dalxiiska iyo hoteellada. Trump ayaa lagu dacweeyay inuu ku xad-gudbay Qodobbada Emoluments Gudaha iyo Dibadda ee Dastuurka Mareykanka , markii ugu horreysay ee qodobbada si cad loo dacweeyay. Hal kiis ayaa lagu diiday maxkamadda hoose. Labo ayaa Maxkamadda Sare ay shaqada ka cayrisay ka dib markii uu xilka qabtay. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump waxa uu ballan qaaday in uu ugu deeqayo mushaharkiisa madaxtinnimo iyo faa'iidada uu ka helo dammaanadda shisheeye ee dawladda Maraykanka. Waxa uu ugu deeqay mushaharkiisa hay'adaha federaalka waxana uu dacaayadeeyay deeq kasta ilaa Juulay 2020. Wakaaladaha federaaliga ah ee ay sahamisay The Washington Post bishii Luulyo 2021 waxa ay sheegeen in aanay wax hadiyad ah helin wixii ka dambeeyay bishaas. Muwaadiniinta Mas'uuliyadda iyo Anshaxa ee Washington ayaa sheegay 2024 inuu ku deeqay $448,000 oo lagu qiyaasay $13.6 milyan oo lacag ah oo uu ka helay dawlado shisheeye muddadiisii ​​ugu horreysay. ===Siyaasadda gudaha=== Trump wuxuu xafiiska la wareegay meesha ugu sarreysa ballaarinta dhaqaale ee ugu dheer taariikhda Mareykanka, kaasoo bilaabmay 2009 oo socday ilaa Febraayo 2020, markii hoos u dhaca COVID-19 uu bilaabmay. Bishii Disembar 2017, wuxuu saxiixay Sharciga dhimista Canshuuraha iyo Shaqada ee 2017 . Waxay hoos u dhigtay qiimaha cashuuraha ee ganacsiyada iyo shakhsiyaadka waxayna meesha ka saartay ciqaabtii la xidhiidhay sharciga daryeelka la awoodi karo . Maamulka Trump ayaa ku andacoonaya in ficilku aanu hoos u dhigi doonin dakhliga dawladda, laakiin dakhliga 2018 ayaa 7.6 boqolkiiba ka hooseeya saadaasha. Marka loo eego Trump, hoos u dhaca miisaaniyada federaalku wuxuu kordhay ku dhawaad ​​50 boqolkiiba, ilaa ku dhawaad ​​$ 1 trillion 2019. Dhammaadkii muddadiisa, deynta qaranka Mareykanka waxay kordheen 39 boqolkiiba, taasoo gaartay $ 27.75 trillion, iyo saamiga US-deficit-to-GDP ayaa ku dhuftey mid sare oo ka mid ah Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Trump waxa kale oo uu ku guuldarraystay in uu ka dhabeeyo ballan-qaadkiisii ​​ololaha ee ahaa $1 trillion oo qorshe kharash-bixineed oo kaabayaasha ah. Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee casriga ah ee Maraykanka ee xilka ka taga isaga oo ka shaqaale yar marka loo eego markii uu xilka qabtay, saddex milyan oo qof. Wuxuu diiday fikradda sayniska ee isbeddelka cimilada . Wuxuu hoos u dhigay miisaaniyada cilmi baarista tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo 40 boqolkiiba wuxuuna bedelay siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee lagu hagayay isbedelka cimilada. Wuxuu ka baxay heshiiskii Paris , taasoo ka dhigtay Mareykanka dalka kaliya ee aan ansixin. Wuxuu ujeedkiisu ahaa in kor loo qaado wax soo saarka iyo dhoofinta shidaalka fosil . Gaaska dabiiciga ah ayaa balaariyay Trump, laakiin dhuxusha ayaa sii waday hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu dib u soo celiyay in ka badan 100 xeerarka deegaanka ee federaalka, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa xakameyey qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo , wasakhowga hawada iyo biyaha, iyo isticmaalka walxaha sunta ah. Wuxuu wiiqay ilaalinta xoolaha iyo heerarka deegaanka ee mashaariicda kaabayaasha federaalka, wuxuuna balaariyay meelaha la oggol yahay ee qodista iyo soo saarista kheyraadka, sida oggolaanshaha qodista Qaxootiga Arctic . Trump wuxuu burburiyay xeerarkii federaalka ee caafimaadka, shaqada, deegaanka, iyo meelo kale, oo ay ku jiraan sharci baabi'iyay xeerkii xilligii Obama ee xaddidayay iibinta hubka dadka maskaxda ka xanuunsan. Inta lagu jiro lixdii toddobaad ee ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, wuxuu dib u dhigay, hakiyay, ama beddelay sagaashan xeer federaal ah, inta badan "kadib codsiyo ka yimid warshadaha nidaamsan". Machadka Daacadnimada Siyaasadda wuxuu ogaaday in 78 boqolkiiba soo jeedintiisa ay xannibeen maxkamadaha ama aysan ka adkaan dacwadda. Intii lagu guda jiray ololihiisa, Trump wuxuu wacad ku maray inuu baabi'in doono oo uu bedeli doono Sharciga Daryeelka La awoodi karo . Xafiiska, waxa uu hoos u dhigay fulinta sharciga iyada oo loo marayo amarada fulinta. Wuxuu muujiyay rabitaan ah inuu "u oggolaado Obamacare inuu guuldareysto"; maamulkiisu waxa uu kala badh ka dhimay xilliga is-diiwaangelinta waxana uu si weyn u dhimay dhaqaalihii loogu talo galay dhiirrigelinta diiwaangelinta. Bishii Juun 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu ku biiray 18 dawladood oo Jamhuurigu hoggaamiyo oo ku doodaya ka hor Maxkamadda Sare in baabi'inta ganaaxyada maaliyadeed ee la xidhiidha waajibaadka shakhsi ahaaneed ay ka dhigtay sharciga mid dastuuri ah. Codsigoodu wuxuu baabi'in lahaa caymiska caafimaadka ilaa 23 milyan oo Maraykan ah, laakiin kuma guulaysan. Intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016, Trump wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu ilaalin doono maalgelinta Medicare iyo barnaamijyada kale ee badbaadada bulshada. Janaayo 2020, wuxuu muujiyay rabitaanka inuu tixgeliyo dhimista iyaga. Isagoo ka jawaabaya cudurka faafa ee opioid , Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharci sanadka 2018 si loo kordhiyo maalgelinta daawaynta daroogada, laakiin waxaa si weyn loogu dhaleeceeyay inuu ku guuldareystay inuu sameeyo istiraatiijiyad la taaban karo. Wuxuu ka mamnuucay hay'adaha bixiya ilmo iska soo rididda ama u gudbinta ilmo soo rididda inay helaan lacagaha federaalka. Waxa uu sheegay in uu taageeray "guurka dhaqameed", laakiin wuxuu tixgeliyey sharcinimada waddanka oo dhan ee guurka isku jinsiga ah "la degay". Maamulkiisu waxa uu dib u rogay qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah ilaalinta goobta shaqada ee maamulka Obama ee ka dhanka ah takoorka dadka LGBTQ .Isku daygiisii ​​isku daygiisii ​​ee ilaalinta takoorka ee bukaannada transgender- ka bishii Agoosto 2020 waxaa joojiyay garsoore federaal ah ka dib markii ay xukuntay Maxkamadda Sare ay kordhisay ilaalinta xuquuqda madaniga ah ee shaqaalaha aqoonsiga jinsiga iyo jihada galmada. Trump waxa uu sheegay in uu ka soo horjeedo xakamaynta hubka , in kasta oo ay aragtidiisu is beddeshay muddo ka dib. Maamulkiisu waxa uu qaatay mawqif ka dhan ah marijuana , isaga oo burinaya siyaasadihii xilligii Obama ee ilaalin jiray dawladaha sharciyeeyay marijuana. Waa u doode muddo dheer ah ee ciqaabta dilka ah, iyo maamulkiisu wuxuu kormeeray dawladda federaalka ah ee fulinta 13 maxbuus, in ka badan 56 sano ee hore marka la isku daro, oo soo afjaraya 17 sano oo joojin ah. Sannadkii 2016, wuxuu sheegay inuu taageersan yahay isticmaalka hababka jirdilka su'aalaha "jahannamo aad uga xun kan biyaha-qaadista . ===Xiriirka jinsiyadeed=== Faallooyinka Trump ee 2017 Mideynta Dibad-baxa Xaqa ah , oo cambaareeyay "bandhiggan foosha xun ee nacaybka, nacaybka iyo rabshadaha dhinacyo badan" oo sheegaya in ay jiraan "dad aad u fiican oo labada dhinac ah", ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay inay muujinayaan u dhigma akhlaaqda u dhexeeya dibad-baxayaasha sare-sare ee cadaanka ah iyo mudaaharaadayaasha. Bishii Janaayo 2018 dood ku saabsan sharciga socdaalka, waxaa la sheegay inuu u tixraacay El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, iyo wadamada Afrika sida "wadamada shithole". Hadaladiisa waxaa lagu cambaareeyay cunsurinimo. [[File:President_Trump_Visits_St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(49964153176).jpg|Iyadoo koox saraakiil iyo la-taliyeyaal ah ay ka soo lugeeyeen Aqalka Cad kuna sii jeeday Kaniisadda St.]] Bishii Luulyo 2019, Trump ayaa bartiisa twitterka ku soo qoray in afar haween ah oo ka tirsan Kongareeska Dimuqraadiga—dhammaan dadka laga tirada badan yahay, oo seddex ka mid ah ay u dhasheen Mareykanka - ay tahay inay " ku laabtaan " dalalkii ay "ka yimaadeen".Laba maalmood ka dib Golaha Wakiiladu waxay u codeeyeen 240-187, inta badan iyagoo raacaya xisbiyada, si ay u cambaareeyaan "faallooyinka cunsuriyadda". Daabacaada wadani ee cadaanka ah iyo warbaahinta bulshada ayaa amaanay hadaladiisa, kuwaas oo sii socday maalmaha soo socda. Waxa uu sii waday hadallo la mid ah intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2020. Bishii Juun 2020, intii lagu jiray mudaaharaadyadii George Floyd , saraakiisha fulinta sharciga federaalku waxay isticmaaleen sunta dadka ka ilmeysiisa iyo tabaha kale ee dadka si ay uga saaraan dad badan oo nabdoon oo mudaaharaadayaal sharci ah fagaaraha Lafayette , bannaanka Aqalka Cad . Trump ayaa markaa la soo baxay Kitaabka Quduuska ah si uu sawir uga qaado Kaniisadda Episcopal St. Hogaamiyeyaal ciidan oo badan oo shaqada ka fadhiistay iyo saraakiisha difaaca ayaa cambaareeyay soo jeedintiisa ah in uu isticmaalo millatariga Maraykanka mudaharaadayaasha ka soo horjeeda bilayska. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee uu Trump xilka hayay, waxa uu oggolaaday 237 codsi oo naxariis ah, taas oo ka yar dhammaan madaxweynayaashii tan iyo 1900-kii marka laga reebo George HW Bush iyo George W. Bush . Keliya 25 iyaga ka mid ah ayaa waxaa shaandheeyay Xafiiska Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Xafiiska Qareenka Cafiska ; kuwa kale waxaa la siiyay dadka xiriirka shakhsi ahaaneed ama siyaasadeed ee isaga, qoyskiisa, iyo xulafadiisa, ama ay ku taliyaan dadka caanka ah. Maalintii ugu dambaysay ee uu xafiiska joogay, waxa uu ogolaaday 73 cafis waxana uu ka khafiifiyay 70 xukun. Dhawr xulafada Trump ah uma qalmin cafis marka loo eego xeerarka Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo xaalado kale waaxdu waxay ka soo horjeedsatay naxariista. Cafiskii saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan ciidanka milatariga oo lagu helay ama lagu soo oogay dambiyo rabshado wata ayaa waxaa ka soo horjeestay hogaamiyayaasha ciidamada. ===Socdaalka=== [[File:Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg|thumb|Baarista tusaalaha darbiga xadka ee Otay Mesa, California]] Madaxweyne ahaan, Trump wuxuu ku tilmaamay socdaalka sharci darrada ah inuu yahay "duulaanka" Maraykanka oo uu si weyn u kordhiyay fulinta socdaalka. Wuxuu hirgeliyay siyaasado adag oo ka dhan ah magangalyo-doonka wuxuuna u daabulay ku dhawaad ​​6,000 oo askari xadka US-Mexico si ay u joojiyaan isgoysyada sharci darrada ah. Waxa uu hoos u dhigay tirada qaxootiga loo ogolaaday in ay diiwaan gashadaan, laga bilaabo xadka sanadlaha ah ee 110,000 ka hor inta uusan xafiiska la wareegin 15,000 ee 2021 . Mid ka mid ah ballamihiisii ​​ololaha dhexe waxa ay ahayd in uu derbi ka dhisayo xudduudda US-Mexico ; intii lagu jiray xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Maraykanku wuxuu dhisay 73 mayl (117 km) oo derbi ah meelaha aan lahayn caqabadaha iyo 365 mayl (587 km) si uu u beddelo caqabadaha hore. 2018, diidmada Trump ee ah in uu saxeexo kharash kasta oo kharash ah ilaa ay u qoondaysay maalgelinta darbiga xuduudka waxay keentay xidhidhkii ugu dheeraa abid ee dawladda dhexe , muddo 35 maalmood ah laga bilaabo Disembar 2018 ilaa Janaayo 2019. Si looga fogaado xidhitaan kale, Koongarasku waxa uu soo saaray biil dhaqaale oo dhan $1.4 bilyan oo loogu talagalay dayrarka xuduudaha bishii Febraayo. Trump ayaa markii dambe ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo heer qaran ah oo ku taal xudduudda koonfureed si uu u leexiyo $ 6.1 bilyan oo maalgelin ah derbiga xudduudaha inkastoo congress-ka is khilaafeen. Bishii Janaayo 2017, Trump wuxuu saxiixay amar fulin oo u diidaya inay soo galaan muwaadiniinta lix waddan oo Muslimiin u badan afar bilood iyo inay ka yimaadaan Suuriya si aan xad lahayn. Amarka ayaa sababay mudaaharaadyo badan iyo caqabado sharci taasoo keentay amarro dalka oo dhan ah . Amarka dib loo eegay oo bixiya qaar ka reeban ayaa sidoo kale xannibay maxkamadaha, laakiin Maxkamadda Sare waxay xukuntay bishii Juun in mamnuucida la fulin karo kuwa ka maqan " xidhiidh daacad ah oo lala yeesho qof ama hay'ad" gudaha Maraykanka saraakiil, laakiin waxay ka saareen Ciraaq iyo Suudaan. Maxkamadda Sare waxay ogolaatay in noocaas uu dhaqan galo Diseembar 2017, oo ugu dambeyntii taageertay xayiraadda 2019. Laga soo bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2018, maamulka Trump wuxuu lahaa siyaasad kala qaybsanaan qoys oo kala saaray in ka badan 4,400 carruurta soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee waalidkood, 2 ee Maraykanka . Siyaasad aan hore loo arag. ayaa dalka ka dhalisay cadho dadweyne. Inkasta oo Trump uu markii hore eedaynayay Dimuqraadiyiinta oo uu ku adkaystay inuusan joojin karin siyaasadda amarka fulinta, wuxuu aqbalay cadaadiska dadweynaha bishii Juun 2018 wuxuuna amray in qoysaska soogalootiga sharci-darrada ah la wada xiro haddii aysan "ay jirin walaac" khatarta ilmaha. Garsooraha ayaa markii dambe amar ku bixiyay in qoysaska la isu keeno oo kala fogaansho dheeraad ah la joojiyo marka laga reebo xaalado xaddidan, inkastoo in ka badan 1,000 carruur dheeraad ah laga soocay qoysaskooda amarka ka dib. ===Siyaasada Arimaha Dibada=== [[File:-G7Biarritz_(48616362963).jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyayaasha G7 ayaa shir madaxeedka 45-aad ee Fransiiska, 2019]] Trump wuxuu isku tilmaamay inuu yahay "qaraniyad" iyo siyaasadiisa arrimaha dibadda " Ameerika 1aad ". Waxa uu taageeray dawladihii populist , neo-nationalist , iyo dawlado kali-talis ah. Saadalin la'aan, hubanti la'aan, iyo iswaafaqla'aan ayaa lagu gartaa xiriirka dibadda intii uu xilka hayay. Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo xulafadiisa reer Yurub waxa uu ahaa mid xun intii uu Trump joogay. Wuxuu dhaleeceeyay xulafada NATO wuxuuna si gaar ah u soo jeediyay in Maraykanku ka baxo NATO . Trump wuxuu taageeray siyaasado badan oo ka mid ah siyaasadaha ra'iisul wasaaraha Israel Benjamin Netanyahu . Sannadkii 2020, Trump waxa uu martigeliyay saxeexa heshiiskii Abraham ee u dhexeeyay Israa’iil iyo Imaaraadka Carabta iyo Baxrayn si ay caadi uga dhigaan xidhiidhkooda dibadda. [[File:President_Trump_%26_the_First_Lady%27s_Trip_to_Europe_(42547210635).jpg|thumb|Isagoo gacan qaadaya madaxweynaha [[Ruushka]] Vladimir Putin intii lagu jiray shirkii 2018 ee Helsinki , [[Finland]]]] Trump ayaa dagaal ganacsi la bilaabay Shiinaha 2018 ka dib markii uu ku soo rogay canshuuro iyo caqabado kale oo ganacsi oo uu sheegay in ay ku qasbi doonto Shiinaha in ay soo afjarto ku dhaqanka ganacsiga cadaalad darada ah ee mudada dheer soo jiray iyo ku xadgudubka hantida garaadka . Trump waxa uu wiiqay cunaqabatayntii ugu adkeyd ee uu Maraykanku soo rogay ka dib markii 2014 uu Ruushku la wareegay Kiirymiia . Trump wuu ammaanay oo, sida ay sheegeen qaar ka mid ah dadka dhaleeceeyay, dhif ayuu u dhaleeceeyay madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin , inkasta oo uu ka soo horjeestay tallaabooyinka qaar ee dawladda Ruushka. Waxa uu Maraykanka ka saaray heshiiska dhex-dhexaadka ah ee ciidamada Nukliyeerka , isaga oo u cuskanaya in Ruushku aanu u hoggaansamin, oo uu taageeray suurtagalnimada in Ruushku ku soo laabto G7 . Iyada oo hubka Nukliyeerka ee Waqooyiga Kuuriya loo arkayay khatar halis ah, Trump wuxuu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Maraykan ah ee la kulma hoggaamiyaha Kuuriyada Waqooyi, oo la kulmay Kim Jong Un saddex jeer : Singapore bishii Juun 2018, Hanoi bishii Febraayo 2019, iyo Aagga Dillatari ee Kuuriya ee Juun 2019 ===Shaqaale=== Dhammaadkii sannadkii ugu horreeyay ee Trump xafiiska, 34 boqolkiiba shaqaalahiisa asalka ah waa ay iska casileen, shaqada laga eryay, ama waa la bedelay. Ilaa Luulyo 2018, 61 boqolkiiba kaaliyeyaashiisa sare ayaa ka tagay iyo shaqaalaha 141 ayaa ka tagay sannadkii hore. Labada tiroba waxay dhigayaan rikoodh madaxweynayaashii dhawaa. Kaaliyeyaasha gaarka ah ee u dhow Trump ayaa shaqada ka tagay ama lagu qasbay. Waxa uu si cad u bahdilay dhowr ka mid ah saraakiishiisii ​​ugu sarraysay. Trump wuxuu lahaa afar madax oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad , isaga oo fogeynaya ama riixaya dhowr. Bishii Maajo 2017, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay agaasimihii FBI James Comey , isagoo sheegay maalmo ka dib inuu ka walaacsan yahay doorka Comey ee baaritaannada Trump iyo Ruushka. Saddex ka mid ah 15-kii xubnood ee asalka ahaa ee Trump ayaa baxay ama lagu qasbay inay is casilaan sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay. Trump wuu ka gaabiyay inuu magacaabo saraakiisha heerka labaad ee waaxda fulinta, isagoo sheegay in jagooyin badan oo aan loo baahnayn. Bishii Oktoobar 2017, waxaa jiray boqollaal jagooyin hoosaadyo ah oo aan la magacaabin. Ilaa Janaayo 8, 2019, ee 706 jagooyin muhiim ah, 433 ayaa la buuxiyay mana uusan u magacaabin 264. ===Garsoorka=== Trump ayaa magacaabay 226 garsoore oo heer federaal ah , oo ay ku jiraan 54 ka mid ah maxkamadaha rafcaanka iyo saddex ka mid ah maxkamadda sare : Neil Gorsuch , Brett Kavanaugh , iyo Amy Coney Barrett . Magacaabistiisa Maxkamadda Sare waxay siyaasad ahaan u wareejisay Maxkamadda dhinaca midig. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ballan qaaday in Roe v. Wade la rogi doono "si toos ah" haddii isaga la doorto oo la siiyo fursad uu ku magacaabo laba ama saddex garsoorayaasha ka hortagga ilmo soo rididda. Ka dib waxa uu qaatay sumcad markii Roe uu afgembiyay Dobbs v. Jackson Ururka Caafimaadka Haweenka 2022; Dhammaan saddexdii xubnood ee uu soo magacaabay Maxkamadda Sare waxay ku codeeyeen aqlabiyadda. Trump wuxuu quudhsaday maxkamadaha iyo garsoorayaasha uu ku khilaafay, inta badan qaab shakhsiyeed, wuxuuna su'aal galiyay awoodda dastuuriga ah ee garsoorka. Weerradiisa uu ku qaaday maxkamadaha ayaa waxaa ka dhashay canaan ka timid goobjoogayaasha, oo ay ku jiraan garsoorayaal heer federaal ah oo fadhiyey, kuwaas oo ka walaacsanaa saamaynta hadalladiisu ku yeelan karaan madaxbannaanida garsoorka iyo kalsoonida shacabku ku qabaan garsoorka. ===Cudurka caalamiga ah covid-19=== [[File:White_House_Press_Briefing_(49666120807).jpg|thumb|Qabashada war-saxaafadeed COVID-19 ah oo lala yeelanayo xubnaha Aqalka Cad ee Hawl-galka Coronavirus Maarso 15, 2020]] Trump ayaa markii hore iska dhaga tiray digniinaha caafimaadka bulshada iyo baaqyada ah in tallaabo laga qaado saraakiisha caafimaadka ee maamulkiisa. Trump wuxuu aasaasay Ciidanka Aqalka Cad ee Coronavirus bishii Janaayo 29. Bishii Maarso 27, wuxuu saxiixay sharciga CARES Act - $ 2.2 trillion biilka kicinta dhaqaalaha laba geesoodka ah - kicinta ugu weyn taariikhda Mareykanka. Ka dib toddobaadyo weeraro ah si ay uga fogaato jawaabtiisa gaabis ah, Trump wuxuu joojiyay maalgelinta Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka bishii Abriil. Bishii Abriil 2020, kooxaha ku xiran Jamhuuriga ayaa abaabulay mudaaharaadyo ka dhan ah qufulka oo looga soo horjeedo tallaabooyinka ay dowladaha gobolladu qaadayeen si ay ula dagaallamaan masiibada; Trump ayaa ku dhiirigeliyay mudaaharaadyada Twitter-ka , in kasta oo dawladaha la beegsaday aysan la kulmin tilmaamaha maamulkiisa ee dib u furitaanka. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u cadaadiyay hay'adaha caafimaadka federaalka inay qaadaan tallaabooyin uu doorbiday, sida oggolaanshaha daaweynta aan la xaqiijin. Bishii Oktoobar, Trump waxa la dhigay cusbitaalka Xarunta Caafimaadka Qaranka ee Walter Reed muddo saddex maalmood ah iyada oo uu jiro kiis daran oo ah COVID-19 ===Baaritaanada=== Ka dib markii uu la wareegay xafiiska, Trump wuxuu ahaa mawduuca kordhinta Waaxda Caddaaladda iyo kormeerka Kongareeska, iyada oo la baarayo ololihiisa doorashada, kala-guurka, iyo caleema saarka, tallaabooyinkii la qaaday intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa, ganacsigiisa gaarka ah , canshuuraha shakhsi ahaaneed, iyo aasaaska samafalka . Waxaa jiray toban baaritaan dembi oo federaal ah, siddeed gobol iyo baaritaanno maxalli ah, iyo laba iyo toban baaritaan oo kongareeska ah. Bishii Luulyo 2016, FBI waxay bilawday duufaanta Crossfire , baaritaan ku saabsan xiriirka suurtagalka ah ee ka dhexeeya Ruushka iyo ololaha Trump ee 2016. Kadib markii Trump uu shaqada ka eryay Comey bishii Maajo 2017, FBI-da ayaa furtay baaritaan labaad oo ku saabsan xiriirkii shakhsi ahaaneed iyo ganacsi ee Trump uu la yeeshay Ruushka . Bishii Janaayo 2017, saddex hay'adood oo sirdoon oo Mareykan ah ayaa si wadajir ah u sheegay "kalsooni sare" in Ruushku uu farageliyay doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump. Shaki badan xidhiidho ka dhexeeya saaxiibada Trump iyo saraakiisha Ruushka ayaa la ogaaday. Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Ruushka ee doorashada. Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah ayaa markii dambe loo wareejiyay baaritaanka qareenka gaarka ah ee Robert Mueller ; Baaritaanka ku saabsan xiriirka Trump iyo Ruushka waxaa soo afjaray ku xigeenka xeer ilaaliyaha guud Rod Rosenstein ka dib markii uu u sheegay FBI in Mueller uu sii wadi doono arrinta. Codsiga Rosenstein, baaritaanka Mueller wuxuu baaray arrimaha dambiyada "ee la xiriira faragelinta doorashada 2016 ee Ruushka". Mueller ayaa soo gudbiyay warbixintiisii ​​u dambaysay bishii March 2019. Warbixintu waxay ogaatay in Ruushku uu farageliyay 2016 si uu ugu xagliyo Trump iyo in Trump iyo ololihiisii ​​ay soo dhaweeyeen oo ay dhiiri galiyeen dadaalka, laakiin caddaynta "ma aysan xaqiijin" in Ruushka ama xubnaha ololaha Trump ay abaabuleen. Trump waxa uu ku andacooday in warbixintaasi ay ka saartay isaga in kasta oo Mueller uu qoray in aanay taasi dhicin. Warbixintu waxay sidoo kale faahfaahisay carqaladaynta suurtagalka ah ee caddaaladda ee Trump, laakiin "ma aysan soo saarin gabagabada kama dambaysta ah" oo ka tagtay go'aanka lagu soo oogay sharciyada Congress-ka. Bishii Abriil 2019, Guddiga Kormeerka ee Aqalka ayaa soo saaray amar maxkamadeed oo ay ku raadinayaan faahfaahin maaliyadeed bangiyada Trump, Deutsche Bank iyo Capital One , iyo shirkaddiisa xisaabaadka, Mazars USA . Wuxuu dacweeyay bangiyada, Mazars, iyo guddoomiyaha guddiga Elijah Cummings si looga hortago in la shaaciyo. Bishii Maajo, laba garsoore ayaa xukuntay in Mazars iyo bangiyada labadaba ay tahay inay u hoggaansamaan amar-qaadista; . Qareennada Trump ayaa racfaan ka qaatay. Bishii Sebtembar 2022, Trump iyo guddiga ayaa ku heshiiyey heshiis ku saabsan Mazars, shirkadduna waxay bilowday inay wareejiso dukumentiyada. ===Eedaynta=== [[File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_(49498772251).jpg|thumb|Soo bandhigida cinwaanka "Trump waa la sii daayay" 2020]] Trump waxaa laba jeer xilka ka xayuubiyey aqalka kongress-ka, in kastoo aqalka senate-ka ay labada jeerba dambi ku soo oogeen. Xil ka qaadistii ugu horeysay ayaa ka dhalatay cabasho sir ah oo [[Bilaha]] [[Luuliyo]] 2019 Trump ku cadaadiyay madaxweynaha [[Yukrayn]] [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] inuu baadho Joe iyo Hunter [[Biden]], isagoo isku dayaya inuu faa'iido ka helo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2020 . Bishii [[Disembar]] 2019, aqalku wuxuu u codeeyay in Trump lagu soo oogo ku takri fal awoodeed iyo carqaladeyn Kongress-ka , iyo Senatka ayaa dambi ku waayay [[Febraayo]] 2020. Xil ka qaadista labaad ayaa timid ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo ee Capitol, kaas oo aqalku uu Trump ku soo oogay in uu kiciyay kacdoon 13-kii Janaayo 2021. Trump ayaa xafiiska ka tagay 20-kii Janaayo, waxaana lagu sii daayay Febraayo 13. Todobo senate oo Jamhuuriya ayaa u codeeyay xukun. ===2020 doorashada madaxweynaha=== Trump wuxuu xareeyay inuu u tartamo dib-u-doorashada saacado yar uun ka dib markii uu noqday madaxweynaha 2017. Waxa uu qabtay isu soo baxkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee dib-u-doorashada wax ka yar bil ka dib markii uu xafiiska qabtay wuxuuna si rasmi ah u noqday musharraxa xisbiga Jamhuuriga Agoosto 2020. Ololaha Trump wuxuu diiradda saaray dambiyada, isagoo ku andacoonaya in magaalooyinka ay hoos ugu dhici doonaan sharci-darro haddii Dimuqraadigu ku guuleysto doorashada. Wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u beeniyey boosaska Biden wuxuuna ka codsaday cunsuriyadda. Laga bilaabo horraantii 2020, Trump wuxuu abuuray shaki ku saabsan doorashada, isagoo ku andacoonaya caddayn la'aan in la musuqmaasuqi doono iyo in isticmaalka baahsan ee waraaqaha waraaqaha ay soo saari doonto khiyaamo doorasho oo ballaaran. Wuxuu xannibay maalgelinta Adeegga Boostada Mareykanka , isagoo sheegay inuu doonayo inuu ka hortago koror kasta oo ku yimaada codbixinta boostada. Wuxuu ku celceliyay inuu diiday inuu sheego inuu aqbali doono natiijada haddii laga guulaysto oo uu ballan qaado in si nabad ah xukunka loogu kala wareejiyo . ===Luminta Biden iyo diidmada natiijada=== Biden wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii November 2020, isagoo helay 81.3 milyan cod (51.3 boqolkiiba) Trump's 74.2 milyan (46.8 boqolkiiba ) iyo 306 codadka doorashada ee Trump 's 232 . subaxa ka dib doorashada. Maalmo ka dib, markii Biden la saadaaliyay in uu guulaysanayo, Trump waxa uu si aan sal iyo raad toona lahayn u eedeeyay musuqmaasuqa doorashada. Iyadoo qayb ka ah dadaalka lagu doonayo in lagu baabi'iyo natiijada , Trump iyo xulafadiisa ayaa gudbiyay dacwado badan oo ka dhan ah natiijooyinka , kuwaas oo ay diideen ugu yaraan 86 garsoore oo ka tirsan maxkamadaha gobolka iyo federaalka labadaba iyagoo aan lahayn wax xaqiiqo ah ama sharci ah. Eedeymaha Trump waxaa sidoo kale beeniyay saraakiisha doorashada ee gobolka, Maxkamadda Sare ayaa diiday in ay dhageysato kiis lagu codsanayo in la baabi'iyo natiijada afar gobol oo uu ku guuleystay Biden. Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u raadsaday caawimo si uu u rogo natiijooyinka, isaga oo shakhsi ahaan cadaadis saaraya Jamhuuriga maxalliga ah iyo kuwa haya xafiisyada gobolka, Sharci-dejiyaha Jamhuuriga, Waaxda Caddaaladda, iyo Madaxweyne Ku-Xigeenka Pence, oo ku boorriyay ficillada sida beddelka cod-bixiyeyaasha madaxweynaha , ama in saraakiisha Georgia ay ku dhawaaqeen natiijada "dhammaan" Toddobaadyadii doorashada ka dib, Trump wuu ka baxay hawlihii guud. Waxa uu markii hore ka horjoogsaday saraakiisha dawladda in ay la shaqeeyaan Biden ee ku-meel-gaadhka madaxweynenimada . Saddex toddobaad ka dib, maamulaha Maamulka Adeegyada Guud wuxuu ku dhawaaqay Biden "guuleeyaha muuqda" ee doorashada, isaga oo u oggolaanaya bixinta agabka kala-guurka kooxdiisa. Inkastoo Trump uu sheegay in uu ku taliyay in GSA ay bilowdo hab-maamuuska kala-guurka, weli si rasmi ah uma uusan aqbalin. Trump kama uusan qeybgalin xafladdii Biden ee Janaayo 20. ===Janaayo 6-dii weerarkii Capitol=== Bishii Disembar 2020, waxaa soo baxay warbixino sheegaya in hoggaamiyeyaasha millatariga Mareykanka ay heegan sare ku jireen, saraakiisha darajo sarena ay ka wada hadleen waxa la sameeyo haddii Trump uu ku dhawaaqo sharciga dagaalka . Agaasimaha CIA Gina Haspel iyo General General Mark Milley , oo ah gudoomiyaha Taliyaasha Wadajirka ah ee Shaqaalaha , ayaa ka walaacsanaa in Trump uu isku dayo inqilaab ama tallaabo militari oo ka dhan ah Shiinaha ama Iran. Milley wuxuu ku adkaystay in lagala tashado amar kasta oo militari oo ka yimaada Trump, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka hubka nukliyeerka. [[File:2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol_DSC09254-2_(50820534063)_(retouched).jpg|thumb|Dadweyne taageersan Trump intii uu weerarka socday]] Duhurnimadii Janaayo 6, 2021, iyadoo Congress-ka uu caddaynayay natiijada doorashada madaxtinimada ee Capitol US , Trump wuxuu ku qabtay isu soo bax ka dhacay Ellipse oo u dhow . Isagoo ka hadlayay gadaasha muraayad dhalo ah, wuxuu ku baaqay in doorashada la rogo wuxuuna ku booriyay taageerayaashiisa inay "la dagaalamaan sida cadaabta" oo "ay dib u soo ceshadaan waddankeena" iyagoo u socda Capitol. Taageerayaashiisa ayaa markaa sameeyay koox koox ah oo jebisay dhismaha , carqaladeeyay shahaadada waxayna sababtay daad-gureynta Congress-kaaIintii lagu guda jiray weerarka, Trump wuxuu ku dhajiyay baraha bulshada laakiin ma uusan weydiisan rabshado inay kala firdhiyaan. Qoraal uu soo dhigay bartiisa Twitter -ka 6-dii maqribnimo ayuu u sheegay in ay “Guryaha ku tagaan jacayl & nabad”, waxa uu ugu yeeray “wadani-weyn”, waxa uuna ku celiyay in uu ku guuleystay doorashada. Koongarasku mar dambe ayaa dib loo furay oo xaqiijiyay guushii Biden saacadihii hore ee Janaayo 7. In ka badan 140 booliis ah ayaa ku dhaawacmay, shan qofna way dhinteen intii uu socday ama ka dib weerarka. Dhacdadan ayaa lagu tilmaamay isku day afgambi oo uu sameeyay Trump. ==Inta u dhaxaysa madaxweynayaasha (2021-2025)== Markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, Trump waxa uu bilaabay in uu ku noolaado Mar-a-Lago, isaga oo xafiis ka samaystay halkaas sida uu dhigayo sharciga madaxweynayaashii hore . Sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee sii socota ee ku saabsan doorashada 2020 waxaa caadi ahaan loogu yeeraa " beenta weyn " ee uu dhaleeceeyay, inkastoo May 2021, isaga iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah taageerayaashiisa ay bilaabeen isticmaalka ereyga si ay u tixraacaan doorashada lafteeda. Xisbiga Jamhuurigu wuxuu u adeegsaday sheegashadiisa beenta ah ee ku saabsan doorashada si uu ugu caddeeyo soo rogida xannibaadaha codbixinta cusub ee ay ku jirto. Wuxuu sii waday inuu ku cadaadiyo sharci-dejiyeyaasha gobolka inay joojiyaan doorashada. Si ka duwan madaxweynayaashii hore ee kale, Trump wuxuu sii waday inuu xukumo xisbigiisa; profile 2022 ee New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay inuu yahay madaxa xisbiga casriga ah . Waxa uu sii waday lacag ururinta, isaga oo kor u qaaday xabad dagaal oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan laba jeer xisbiga Jamhuuriga, oo uu ka faa'iidaystay lacag ururinta musharaxiin badan oo Jamhuuri ah oo lagu qabtay Mar-a-Lago. Inta badan waxa uu diiradda saaray maamulka xisbiga iyo in uu xilal muhiim ah ka dhigo saraakiil isaga daacad u ah. Doorashadii xilliga dhexe ee 2022 , wuxuu taageeray in ka badan 200 oo musharraxiin ah oo u tartamaya xafiisyo kala duwan. Bishii Febraayo 2021, wuxuu diiwaangeliyay shirkad cusub, Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG), si ay u siiso "adeegyada isku xirka bulshada" macaamiisha Mareykanka. Bishii Maarso 2024, TMTG waxay ku biirtay shirkad soo iibsata ujeedo gaar ah oo Digital World Acquisition waxayna noqotay shirkad dadweyne . Bishii Febraayo 2022, TMTG waxay bilowday Truth Social , oo ah madal warbaahinta bulshada ah. ===Arrimaha sharciga=== Sannadkii 2019-kii, wariye E. Jean Carroll ayaa ku eedeeyay Trump inuu kufsaday 1990-meeyadii, wuxuuna ku dacweeyay sumcad-dil uu u geystay diidmadiisa. Carroll ayaa mar kale dacweeyay 2022 batari iyo sumcad dil dheeraad ah. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay xadgudub galmo iyo sumcad dil waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo $ 5 milyan hal kiis iyo $ 83.3 milyan kan kale. Maxkamadaha rafcaanka federaalku waxay taageereen natiijooyinkii iyo abaal-marintii Diseembar 2024 iyo Sebtembar 2025, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sannadkii 2022, New York waxay soo gudbisay dacwad madani ah oo ka dhan ah Trump iyada oo ku eedaysay inuu sare u qaaday qiimaha Ururka Trump si uu faa'iido uga helo bixiyeyaasha iyo bangiyada. Waxaa lagu helay inuu mas'uul ka yahay waxaana lagu xukumay inuu bixiyo ku dhawaad ​​$355 milyan oo lagu daray dulsaar. Bishii Agoosto 2025, maxkamadda rafcaanku waxay taageertay mas'uuliyadda Trump iyo ganaaxyada aan lacagta ahayn laakiin waxay meesha ka saartay ciqaabta lacageed oo xad dhaaf ah [[File:Classified_intelligence_material_found_during_search_of_Mar-a-Lago.jpg|thumb|Walax sirdoon oo sir ah ayaa la helay intii lagu jiray raadinta Mar-a-Lago]] Iyada oo la xidhiidha dadaalka Trump ee uu ku doonayo in uu ku joojiyo doorashada 2020 iyo ku lug lahaanshaha weerarkii January 6, December 2022 guddiga Aqalka Maraykanka ee weerarka ayaa soo jeediyay eedeymaha dambiyada ka dhanka ah isaga oo hor istaagay dacwad rasmi ah , shirqool lagu khiyaameeyay Maraykanka , iyo kicinta ama caawinta kacdoonka. Bishii Agoosto 2023, xeerbeegti weyn oo ku taal Fulton County, Georgia , ayaa ku soo oogtay 13 eedeymo, oo ay ku jiraan racketeering , dadaalkiisa uu ku doonayo inuu ku dumiyo doorashada 2020 ee gobolka. Bishii Janaayo 2022, Maamulka Kaydka iyo Diiwaanka Qaranka ayaa soo saaray 15 sanduuq oo dukumeenti ah oo Trump u qaaday Mar-a-Lago ka dib markii uu ka tagay Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo qaarkood la sifeeyay. Baaritaankii Waaxda Caddaaladda ee xigay, mas'uuliyiintu waxay ka soo saareen dukumeentiyo sir ah oo badan oo qareenadiisa ah. Agoosto 8, 2022, wakiilada FBI waxay Mar-a-Lago ka baadheen dukumeenti si sharci darro ah loo haysto, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa jebinta sharciga basaasnimada , ururinta 11 dukumeenti qarsoodi ah, qaar sir sare leh. Xeer -beegti heer federaal ah oo uu sameeyay La-taliyaha Gaarka ah Jack Smith ayaa Trump ku soo oogay bishii Juun 2023 31 dacwadood oo ah "si ula kac ah u haynta macluumaadka difaaca qaranka" sida hoos timaada Xeerka Basaasnimada , iyo eedeymo kale. Trump wuu diiday dambiga. Bishii Luulyo 2024, garsoore Aileen Cannon ayaa meesha ka saaray kiiska , xukunka Smith magacaabistiisa xeer ilaaliye gaar ah wuxuu ahaa sharci darro. Bishii Maajo 2024, Trump waxaa lagu xukumay 34 dacwadood oo dembi ah oo ka been sheegay diiwaannada ganacsiga . Kiisku wuxuu ka yimid caddayn ah inuu ballansaday lacag-bixinnada lacagta-ka-soo-baxa ee Michael Cohen ee jilaa filimada qaangaarka ah ee Stormy Daniels sida kharashaadka ganacsiga si uu u daboolo eedeymihiisii ​​2006-2007 ee Daniels intii lagu jiray doorashadii 2016. Janaayo 10, 2025, xaakimku wuxuu siiyay Trump xukun ciqaab la'aan ah oo loo yaqaan siideyn shuruud la'aan ah, isagoo sheegay in shuruudaha ciqaabta ay faragelinayaan xasaanadda madaxweynaha. Ka dib markii dib loo doortay, kiiskii carqaladaynta doorashada 2020 iyo kiiskii dukumeentiyada qarsoodiga ahaa waa la eryay iyada oo aan la eedayn siyaasada Waaxda Cadaaladda ee ka dhanka ah dacwad qaadista madaxweynayaasha. ==2024 doorashada madaxweynaha== Bishii Noofambar 2022, Trump wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu u tartamayo doorashada madaxtinimada ee 2024 wuxuuna abuuray akoon lacag ururin ah. Bishii Maarso 2023, ololuhu wuxuu bilaabay inuu u weeciyo boqolkiiba toban deeqaha hoggaankiisa PAC . Ololihiisu waxa uu bixiyay $100 milyan oo ku wajahan biilasha sharciga ah March 2024. Intii lagu guda jiray ololaha, Trump wuxuu sameeyay hadallo rabshado wata oo isa soo taraya. Waxa uu sheegay in uu hubayn doono FBI-da iyo Waaxda Caddaaladda ee ka soo horjeeda siyaasaddiisa oo uu u adeegsado militariga si uu u beegsado siyaasiyiinta Dimuqraadiga ah iyo kuwa aan taageersanayn musharaxnimadiisa. Wuxuu adeegsaday hadallo ka daran oo bini'aadantinimada ka dhan ah intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa. Hadalkiisa, isaga oo ugu yeeraya mucaaradkiisa siyaasadeed "cadow", cayayaan, iyo faashiistaha, ayaa taariikhyahannada iyo aqoonyahannada qaarkood ku tilmaameen kalitalisnimo, faashiste oo ka duwan wax kasta oo musharax siyaasadeed uu waligiis ku sheegay taariikhda Mareykanka. Da'da iyo welwelka caafimaadka ayaa sidoo kale kacday intii lagu jiray ololaha, iyada oo dhowr khabiiro caafimaad ah ay muujinayaan kororka xamaasada, hadalka jilicsan iyo dabeecadda . Trump wuxuu xusay "doorasho la musuq-maasuqay" iyo "faragelin doorashada" ka hor iyo in ka badan intii lagu jiray ololihii 2016 iyo 2020 wuxuuna diiday inuu ballan qaado inuu aqbalo natiijada doorashada 2024. Falanqeeyayaasha New York Times ayaa ku tilmaamay tan sida xoojinta "madaxyada aan ku guuleysto; dabo aad khiyaamayso" xeeladaha hadal; Wargeysku waxa uu sheegay in sheegashada doorashada lagu shubtay ay noqotay laf dhabarta ololaha. July 13, 2024, Trump ayaa dhegta lagu toogtay isku day dil oo ka dhacay isu soo bax olole oo ka dhacay magaalada Butler Township, Pennsylvania . Laba maalmood ka dib, Shirweynihii Qaranka ee Jamhuuriga ee 2024 ayaa u magacaabay musharaxa madaxweynenimo. Bishii Sebtembar, waa la bartilmaameedsaday laakiin waxba ma gaarin isku day dil oo Florida ka dhacay . Trump wuxuu ku guuleystay doorashadii Noofambar 2024 isagoo helay 312 codadka doorashada madaxweyne ku xigeenka Kamala Harris's 226. Waxa uu sidoo kale ku guuleystay codadka caanka ah 49.8% Harris' 48.3%. Guushiisa 2024 waxay qayb ka ahayd dib-u-dhac caalami ah oo ka dhan ah xisbiyada xilka haya, oo qayb weyn ka ah sicir bararka 2021-2023 . Dhowr xarumood ayaa ku tilmaamay dib u doorashadiisa soo laabasho aan caadi ahayn. ==Madaxweynaha 2aad (2025- hadda)== [[File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_(2025)_(alternate).jpg|thumb|Dhaarinta xafiiska , waxaa maamula madaxa cadaalada John Roberts , [[Janaayo]] 20, 2025]] Trump wuxuu bilaabay markiisa labaad markii uu xilka qabtay Janaayo 20, 2025. Wuxuu noqday shaqsiga ugu da'da weyn ee qabta xilka madaxtinimo , madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee dambi culus lagu soo oogay, iyo qofkii labaad ee laba xilli oo aan isku xigta madaxweyne ka noqdo. Isku daygiisii ​​uu ku doonayay inuu ku balaadhiyo awoodda madaxweynaha iyo iska horimaadyada maxkamadaha ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay sifada qeexaysa xilligiisa labaad. ===Ficilada hore, 2025- hadda=== Markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, Trump waxa uu saxeexay amarro fulineed oo taxane ah . Qaar badan oo kuwan ka mid ah waxay tijaabiyeen awooddiisa sharci, waxayna soo saareen tallaabo sharci oo degdeg ah. Wuxuu soo saaray amaro fulineed ka badan maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne kasta. Afar maalmood oo ka mid ah xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad, falanqaynta uu sameeyay Time waxay ogaatay in ku dhawaad ​​​​saddex-meelood laba meelood ee ficilladiisa fulinta "muraayada ama qayb ahaan muraayadda" soo jeedinta Mashruuca 2025 . Toddobaadyadiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, dhowr ka mid ah ficilladiisa ayaa iska indhatiray ama ku xad-gudbay sharciyada federaalka, qawaaniinta, iyo Dastuurka sida ay qabaan culimada sharciga ee Mareykanka. Bishii ugu horreysay ee maamulkiisa, Trump wuxuu soo saaray sagaashan amar fulineed, qoraallo, iyo awaamiir. Waxa uu u adeegsaday dawladda si uu u beegsado dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda iyo ficilladiisa ka dhanka ah bulshada rayidka ah ayay khubarada sharciga iyo boqollaal saynisyahano siyaasadeed ku tilmaameen mid keli-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Awaamiirtiisa iyo ficilladiisa waxaa ka soo horjeestay in ka badan 300 oo dacwadood oo dalka oo dhan ah, iyada oo intooda badan ay weli u socdaan maxkamadaha July 2. ===Iskahorimaadyada xiisaha, 2025 - hadda=== Madaxtinimadii labaad ee Trump waxaa lagu tilmaamay in uu leeyahay ilaalin yar oo ka dhan ah iskahorimaadyada danaha marka loo eego kii ugu horreeyay, iyo jabinta tobannaan sano oo xeerarka anshaxa. Waxa uu sii waday shirkad si guud looga ganacsado oo ku taal Trump Media & Technology Group , wuxuuna u kala beddelay adeegyo maaliyadeed. Waxa uu daba galay heshiisyo cusub oo hanti ma guurto ah oo dibadda ah oo ay ku lug leeyihiin hay'ado dawladeed oo xidhiidh la leh, waxana uu lahaa dhawr shirkadood oo calaamadayn iyo shati bixin ah oo uu ku iibinayo badeecooyinka sumadda Trump. Waxa uu ka faa'iideystey xafladaha lagu qabto hoteeladiisa iyo koorsooyinkiisa golf-ka, hantidiisana ma gelin kalsooni indho-la'aan ah, sidii madaxweynayaashii hore ay yeeli jireen. Bishii Agoosto 2025, shaacinta qasabka ah ee Trump ee maalgashiga ayaa muujisay in, tan iyo markii uu xafiiska la wareegay, uu sameeyay 690 iibsasho curaarta degmada iyo saamiyada shirkadaha oo wadartoodu ay dhan tahay ugu yaraan $104 milyan. Waxaa ku jiray saamiyada shirkadaha ay saameeyeen isbeddelada uu ku sameeyay siyaasadaha federaalka. Trump waxa uu meesha ka saaray hab-raacii anshaxa ee maamulkii hore iyo fulinta sharciyada mamnuucaya laaluushka iyada oo aan la samayn hab-raacyo anshaxeed oo rasmi ah oo loogu talagalay dadka loo magacaabayo siyaasadda, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah ay la soo galeen maamulkiisa "liiska aan caadiga ahayn ee weyn ee isku dhacyada xiisaha leh". Waxa uu meesha ka saaray eedeymihii musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ahaa siyaasiyiintii xiriirka la lahaa isaga wuxuuna joojiyay dhaqangelinta sharciga mamnuucaya in shirkadaha ka shaqeeya Mareykanka ay laaluushaan dowlado shisheeye. Trump wuxuu bilaabay, dallacsiiyay, oo shakhsi ahaan uga faa'iidaystay laba calaamadood oo cryptocurrency ah ("qadaadiicda meme"), $ Trump iyo $ Melania. Waxa kale oo uu si toos ah uga faa'iidaystay qoyskiisa shirkadda cryptocurrency World Liberty Financial , taas oo ku hawlan isku-dhafka aan horay loo arag ee ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay iyo siyaasadda dawladda. Bishii Luulyo 2025, maamulka Trump wuxuu Qatar ka aqbalay $400 milyan diyaarad qaali ah si uu ugu adeego Air Force One ilaa dhamaadka xilli ciyaareedkiisa labaad ka dibna loo wareejiyo maktabadiisa madaxtooyada. Dib u habeynta sida Air Force One ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay ku kacayso ilaa $1 bilyan. ===Joojinta guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka=== Trump wuxuu ka hirgaliyay shaqo joojinta guud ahaan dowladda federaalka wuxuuna amray in shaqada teleefoonka shaqaalaha federaalka lagu joojiyo 30 maalmood gudahood. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in dib u eegis lagu sameeyo jagooyin badan oo shaqaale rayid ah oo xirfadeed iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in dib loogu kala saaro boosaska la rabo iyada oo aan lahayn ilaalin shaqo. Waxa uu bilaabay joojinta shaqada guud ee shaqaalaha federaalka, oo ay ku tilmaameen khabiirada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag ama ku xad-gudbay sharciga federaalka, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo shaqaale si aad ah ula socda ajendihiisa. Dabayaaqadii Febraayo, maamulku waxa uu shaqada ka eryay in ka badan 30,000 oo qof. Si loo fududeeyo joojinta dheeraadka ah, waxay qaadatay tarjumaad sharci oo cusub oo si weyn u ballaarinaysa qaybaha iyo wakaaladaha loo arko inay haystaan ​​​​ammaanka qaranka shaqadooda aasaasiga ah, oo ku dhawaaqaya ururada shaqaalaha federaalka ee kala duwan "cadow". Amarka fulinta dabayaaqadii March ee ku salaysan tarjumaaddan ayaa ka saaray daraasiin waaxyo iyo wakaaladaha barnaamijyada xiriirka maamulka shaqada ee federaalka , taasoo ku kaliftay inay dacweeyaan si ay u buriyaan heshiisyadooda gorgortanka wadareed , kaas oo ka saari kara ilaalinta ururka hal milyan oo shaqaale federaal ah. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in la joojiyo kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) mashaariicda dawladda federaalka wuxuuna ku meeleeyay shaqaalaha xafiisyada DEI fasax. Waxa uu buriyay Amarka Fulinta ee Lyndon B. Johnson ee 1965 ee 11246 , kaas oo amrayay in qandaraaslayaasha federaalku ay qaadaan tallaabo cad oo lagu joojinayo takoorka jinsiyadeed. Waxtarka Trump iyo Elon Musk 's Department of Government waxay si weyn u burburiyeen dhowr hay'adood oo federaal ah oo ay ku jiraan USAID iyo Waaxda Waxbarashada , iyagoo keli ah shaqada ka eryay dhowr kun oo shaqaale ah, waxayna hoos u dhigtay hawlaha maamulka ilaa ugu yaraan sharci. Ficilada qaar, sida isku dayga lagu burburinayo Xafiiska Ilaalinta Maaliyadeed ee Macmiilka , waxaa hakiyay maxkamadaha federaalka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisu waxay isku dayeen inay keenaan hay'ado madax-bannaan oo taariikhi ah oo hoos yimaada laanta fulinta oo si toos ah u hoos timaada qaabab yar. ===Cafisyada iyo isdhaafsiga, 2025- hadda=== Sida madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horeysay, Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u hareer maray Xafiiska Xeer Ilaaliyaha Cafiska . Waxa uu ku rakibay siyaasad daacad ah Ed Martin kaas oo ku tilmaamay sababta cafis loo bixiyo "Ma jiro MAGA ka tagay". Cafiskii Trump iyo deeqaha naxariista waxay door bideen xulafada siyaasadeed iyo kuwa daacadda u ah, oo si aan loo kala sooc lahayn loo cafiyay "kuwa xoogga badan, caanka ah, si fiican ugu xiran iyo maalqabeenada" ee lagu eedeeyay dambiyada cadaanka ah. Trump waxa uu cafis u fidiyay dhammaan 6-dii January rabshadihii lagu xukumay ama lagu soo oogay maalintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee xafiiska, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa si xun u weeraray booliiska, isaga oo cafiyay in ka badan 1,500 oo uu cafiyay xukunnada 14. ===Siyaasadda gudaha, 2025- hadda=== Trump wuxuu ka dhaxlay dhaqaale adkeysi leh maamulka Biden, kobaca dhaqaalaha, shaqo la'aanta yar, iyo sicir bararka hoos u dhaca. Waxa uu ku amray wakaaladaha in ay joojiyaan dhaqan gelinta xeerarka aan la jeclayn iyaga oo isku dayaya in si weyn loo xakameeyo taasoo khubarada sharcigu ay ku tilmaameen sharci-darro iyo lid ku ah tobanaan sano ee sharciga federaalka. Waxa uu raadiyay in dawladdu ay maamusho ganacsiyo gaar ah oo uu ka tago dhaqanka suuqa xorta ah ee muxaafidka ah , halkii uu doorbidi lahaa hanti-wadaaga dawladda isaga oo si toos ah u qaadanaya saamiga dawladda ee sinnaanta shirkadaha waaweyn ee Maraykanka. Trump wuxuu joojiyay oo joojiyay deeqihii federaalka wuxuuna sameeyay dhimis ballaaran oo cilmi baaris ah, kuwaas oo dhowr ka mid ah ay heleen garsoorayaasha iyo Xafiiska Xisaabtanka ee Dowladda inay yihiin sharci darro iyo dastuuri. Waxa uu kor u qaaday diidmada isbeddelka cimilada iyo macluumaadka khaldan, oo u magacaabay saliidda, gaasta, iyo kiimikooyinka u ololeeya EPA si ay u beddelaan xeerarka cimilada iyo xakamaynta wasakhowga. Trump wuxuu ku tiirsanaa ku dhawaaqida xaaladaha degdegga ah ee qaranka si uu u caddeeyo boqollaal ficil oo uu ka gudbo ansixinta kongareeska ama dib u eegista sharciga. Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay xaalad degdeg ah oo tamarta qaranka ah, taasoo u oggolaanaysa joojinta xeerarka deegaanka, dabcinta sharciyada soo saarista shidaalka iyo xaddididda mashaariicda tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo. Waxa uu bilaabay dib-u-eegis ku saabsan "sharciga iyo sii socoshada ku-dhaqanka" ee raadinta khatarta EPA , taas oo ah saldhigga ugu badan ee xeerarka federaalka ee gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo, oo mar kale ka baxay US Heshiiskii Paris ee isbedelka cimilada. Burburinta hay'adaha dawladda ee fulinaya sharciyada ka dhanka ah musuqmaasuqa siyaasadeed iyo khiyaanada cad, Trump wuxuu hoos u dhigay Waaxda Caddaaladda ee Waaxda Cadaaladda Dadweynaha 30 ilaa shan qareen, wuxuu shaqada ka eryay 17 kormeerayaal madax -bannaan oo ka tirsan hay'adaha dawladda iyo 12 xubnood oo ka tirsan hay'adaha kormeerka madax-bannaan ee 7 iyo kormeerayaasha Xafiiska FBI-da ee Washington oo baaray eedeymaha musuqmaasuqa iyo musuqmaasuqa ee ka dhanka ah saraakiisha dowladda iyo xubnaha Congress-ka. Wuxuu cafiyay ama laalay eedeymaha ka dhanka ah saraakiisha lagu eedeeyay musuqmaasuq. Trump wuxuu u aaneeyay dhibaatooyinka bulshada kala duwanaanshaha, sinnaanta, iyo ka mid noqoshada (DEI) hindisayaasha iyo baraarugga . Isbarbardhigga kala duwanaanshaha iyo karti-darrada, wuxuu beddelay siyaasadihii kala-duwanaanshaha ee dawladda federaalka. Waxa uu damcay in uu dib ugu sameeyo bulshada rayidka ah dookhiisa amarka fulinta. On DEI iyo nacaybka nacaybka, wuxuu u hanjabay hay'adaha dhaqanka iyo lixdan jaamacadood, wuxuuna ku qasbay shirkadaha sharciga inay u hoggaansamaan ajandihiisa siyaasadeed. Trump ayaa balaariyay adeegsiga gudaha ee ciidamada wuxuuna amray in la geeyo magaalooyin dhowr ah oo xisbiga Dimuquraadiga uu hogaamiyo , wuxuuna ku hanjabay inuu sii balaarin doono howlgalladiisa. ===Siyaasadaha ka-hortagga LGBTQ+=== Intii lagu jiray madaxweynanimadii labaad, Trump wuxuu bilaabay olole dagaal oo ka dhan ah LGBTQ + iyo gaar ahaan siyaasadaha ka-hortagga jinsiga ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba, oo maamulkiisu u soo bandhigay sidii wax looga qaban lahaa " fikirka jinsiga ". Siyaasadahan waxay doonayeen inay baabi'iyaan aqoonsiga federaalka ee dadka transgender-ka ah, ka xayuubinta dadka transgender ilaalinta sharciga iyo in laga tirtiro aqoonsiga trans ee nolosha guud. Iyadoo loo marayo amarro fulineed oo isdaba-joog ah iyo ficilo kale, maamulkiisu wuxuu si adag u qeexay jinsiga si adag bayoolooji dhalashada, laga mamnuucay dadka ka soo jeeda milatariga, xaddidan ama la daboolay daryeelka caafimaadka jinsiga, oo ka soo horjeeda luqadda loo dhan yahay , cilmi-baaris iyo agab waxbarasho oo faafreeb ah, iyo bartilmaameedyada dugsiyada, jaamacadaha, iyo xarumaha fikradda. Tallaabooyin dheeri ah ayaa ka mamnuucay ciyaartooyda transgender-ka ciyaaraha, helitaanka baasaboor xaddidan, waxayna sii hurisay dadaallada caalamiga ah ee lagu wiiqayo xuquuqda trans. Waxaa weheliya hadallo muujinaya dadka ka beddelka jinsiga inay yihiin khatar bulsho, siyaasadahani waxay kiciyeen caqabado sharciyeed oo baahsan, cambaarayn ka timid kooxaha xuquuqul insaanka, iyo kor u kaca socdaalka iyo sheegashooyinka magangelyo ee ay qabaan dadka isku jinsiga ah ee Maraykanka ah ===Hal Xeer Bill Qurux Badan=== Bishii Luulyo 2025, Trump wuxuu saxiixay sharciga hal-abuurka quruxda badan . Sharcigu waxa uu ka dhigay dhimista cashuurta cashuur dhimista iyo sharciga shaqada 2017 mid joogto ah waxana uu ku daray cashuur dhimis dheeraad ah oo dhan ku dhawaad ​​$4.5 trillion, inta badan ka faa’iidaysanaysa dakhliga ugu sarreeya oo dadka ku kaca dakhliga ugu hooseeya $1,600 sanadkii; kordhinta dhaqaalaha difaaca qaranka, masaafurinta, darbiga xuduudka, iyo gaashaanka gantaalaha; lagana saaray cashuurtii laga qaadi lahaa mashaariicda tamarta nadiifka ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo ilaha tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo sida dabaysha iyo tamarta cadceedda iyo kuwa iibsada baabuurta korontada. Sharcigu wuxuu jaray maalgelinta Medicaid iyo SNAP wuxuuna ku daray shuruudo shaqo oo dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay u-qalmitaanka iyo $35 lacag-bixineed ee adeegyada Medicaid qaarkood; dhimista iyo shuruudaha dheeraadka ah ayaa dhaqan galaya ka dib doorashada guud ee 2026. Sharciga waxaa saadaaliyay Xafiiska Miisaaniyadda Kongareeska inuu ku kordhiyo dhimista miisaaniyada $3.4 trillion marka la gaaro 2034, sababa 11.8 milyan oo qof inay lumiyaan caymiska Medicaid, iyo meesha laga saaro dheefaha SNAP ee seddex milyan oo qof. ===Socdaalka, 2025- hadda=== Maalmihiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska, Trump waxa uu ku amray ilaalada xuduudaha in ay si kooban u tarxiilaan soogalootiga sharci darrada ah ee ka soo gudbaya xadka, isaga oo curyaamiyay barnaamijka CBP One ee loo isticmaalay in lagu jadwaleeyo xuduudaha. Waxa uu dib u bilaabay hadhaagii siyaasadda Mexico , waxa uu kooxaha daroogada u magacaabay kooxo argagixiso ah, waxana uu amray in dib loo bilaabo dhismaha darbiga xuduudka. Hawlgallada masaafurinta ayaa marka hore diiradda saaray "liiska bartilmaameedka" ee dambiilayaasha la sameeyay ka hor xilliga labaad ee Trump. Kadibna maamulkiisu wuxuu meesha ka saaray magangelyo codsadayaasha ku guul daraystay inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha, waxay laashay xaaladda sii-daynta sharafeed ee muhaajiriinta ku soo galay US iyadoo la raacayo CBP One iyo CHNV sii-daynta sharafeed bini'aadantinimo, waxay isku dayeen inay ka saaraan dhalashada dhalashada , waxayna hakiyeen Barnaamijka Ogolaanshaha Qaxootiga . Bishii Maarso, wuxuu u adeegsaday Xeerka Cadawga Shisheeyaha ee 1798 si uu u xidho muhaajiriinta sharci darrada ah maxkamad la'aan -mid ka mid ah "khalad maamul" iyo inta badan iyada oo aan lahayn diiwaannada dambiyada -Xarunta Xakamaynta Argagaxisada ee El Salvador. Wuxuu bartilmaameedsaday dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha , muhaajiriinta sharciga ah, dalxiisayaasha, iyo ardayda fiisaha leh kuwaas oo muujiyay dhaleeceynta siyaasaddiisa ama u doodista Falastiiniyiinta. Dhowr muwaadiniin Maraykan ah ayaa la xidhay oo la tarxiilay . ===Siyaasadda Dibadda, 2025- hadda=== Muddadii labaad ee Trump siyaasaddiisa arrimaha dibadda waxaa siyaabo kala duwan loogu sifeeyay Imperialist , balaarin , go'doomiye , iyo autarkist , iyadoo adeegsanaysa fikradda " America First " oo ah asaaskeeda. Maamulkiisu wuxuu door biday awood adag si uu u gaaro yoolalka siyaasadda dibadda, wuxuuna burburiyay ama ka laabtay taageerada ururada gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee u heellan horumarinta awoodda jilicsan ee Maraykanka . Dhaqdhaqaaqyada ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay hoos u dhigayaan saamaynta Maraykanka ee caalamiga ah iyo abuurista bannaan ay buuxiyeen Ruushka iyo Shiinaha . Xidhiidhka Trump ee xulafada waxa uu ahaa macaamil ganacsi oo u dhexeeyay danayn la'aan ilaa cadaawad, oo ay ku jiraan hanjabaad ku darida. Bishii Febraayo 2025, Trump iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka Vance waxay ku dhaleeceeyeen madaxweynaha Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy kulan muran badan dhaliyay oo telefishinka laga sii daayay. Warbaahinta ayaa ku tilmaantay iska hor imaad aan hore loo arag oo dhex maray madaxweyne Maraykan ah iyo madax ajnabi ah . Trump iyo maamulkiisa imaan doona ayaa gacan ka geystay dhexdhexaadinta xabbad joojinta dagaalka Gaza oo ay weheliyaan maamulka Biden, oo la dhaqan galiyay maalin ka hor caleema saarkiisa. Bishii Maarso, Israa'iil waxay jebisay xabbad-joojintii . Siyaasadaha dhaqaalaha ee Trump ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo ilaalinaya , iyadoo Trump uu ku soo rogay canshuuraha dalalka intooda badan, oo ay ku jiraan canshuuraha waaweyn ee la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga ee Shiinaha, Canada, iyo Mexico. Wuxuu bilaabay dagaal ganacsi oo caalami ah , isagoo ku soo rogay canshuuro heerkii ugu sarreeyay tan iyo 1930kii Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act ee bilawga diiqada weyn . Dhaqaale-yahannadu waxay ku doodeen in maamulku uu si khaldan u fahmay xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhimista ganacsiga iyo canshuuraha, iyaga oo isticmaalaya fikrado khaldan. Narendra Modi ayaa ka falceliyay 50 boqolkiiba tacriifta Trump ee soo dejinta Hindiya isaga oo sii xoojinaya xiriirka Shiinaha. Wuxuu hakiyay tabarucaadkii dhaqaale ee Maraykanku siin jiray Ururka Ganacsiga Adduunka . ===Garsoorka, 2025 – hadda=== Garsoorayaasha federaalku waxay u arkeen qaar badan oo ka mid ah falalka maamulka inay yihiin sharci-darro. Ka dib dib-u-dhac xagga sharciga ah, Trump wuxuu kordhiyey dhaleeceynta garsoorka wuxuuna ku baaqay in la soo oogo garsoorayaasha federaalka ee isaga ka soo horjeeday. Wuxu u hanjabay, saxeexay tallaabooyinka fulinta, waxaanu amray in baadhitaan lagu sameeyo dadka ka soo horjeeda siyaasadda, dhaleecaynta, iyo ururrada la safan Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga. Bartamihii Luulyo, falanqaynta Washington Post waxay ogaatay inuu ka soo horjeestay garsoorayaasha iyo maxkamadaha qiyaastii saddex meelood meel dhammaan kiisaska isaga ka dhanka ah, falalka ay ku tilmaameen khubarada sharciga inay yihiin kuwo aan horay loo arag maamul kasta oo madaxweyne ah. ( 654 ) Diidmada amarada maxkamada iyo sheegashadiisa xaq u lahaanshaha maxkamadaha waxay cabsi galisay khubarada sharciga qalalaasaha dastuuriga ah . Falanqaynta badan oo ay sameeyeen aqoonyahanno akadeemiyadeed iyo The New York Times waxay ogaadeen in labada garsoore ee Jamhuuriga iyo Dimuqraadigu ay heleen cillado badan oo dastuuri ah iyo qaanuuneed oo leh siyaasadaha maamulka Trump. Maamulkiisu wuxuu caddeeyey xuquuq dastuuri ah oo ah inuu iska indhatiro sharciga federaalka isagoo sabab uga dhigaya dhowr tallaabo sida diidmadiisa inuu dhaqan geliyo mamnuucista federaalka ee TikTok , iyada oo khubarada sharciga ay ku tilmaameen inay tahay "awood dastuuri ah oo lagu tallaalayo dhinacyada gaarka ah inay ku kacaan falal kale oo sharci darro ah iyada oo aan la ciqaabin". Waxa kale oo uu ku hawlanaa beegsiga aan hore loo arag ee shirkadaha sharciga iyo qareennada oo hore u matalay jagooyin lid ku ah naftiisa. ==Dhaqan siyaasadeed iyo hadal-hayn== Laga soo bilaabo ololihiisii ​​2016, siyaasadda Trump iyo hadal-hayntiisa ayaa horseeday abuuritaanka dhaqdhaqaaq siyaasadeed oo loo yaqaan Trumpism. Mawqifkiisa siyaasadeed waa populist ,oo si gaar ah loogu tilmaamay populist garabka midig . Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inuu aqbalay xag-jirnimada midigta-fog , wuxuuna ka caawiyay inuu keeno fikradaha iyo ururrada midigta fog ee guud ahaan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ficilladiisa iyo hadalladiisa ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo kali-talis ah oo gacan ka geysta dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah . Trump waxa uu ku riixay balaadhinta awoodda madaxweynanimada iyada oo la raacayo tafsiir maxalli ah oo ku saabsan aragtida fulinta midaysan . Saldhiggiisa siyaasadeed waxa la barbar dhigay cibaadaysi shakhsiyeed . Hadalka Trump iyo ficilkiisa ayaa lagu eedeeyay in uu abuuray oo uu uga sii daray cadhada iyo kalsooni darada iyada oo la adeegsanayo sheeko "annaga" iyo "iyaga" . Wuxuu si cad oo joogto ah u dhaleeceeyaa jinsiyadda, diinta, iyo qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay, iyo culimadu waxay si joogto ah u ogaadaan in nacaybka jinsiyadeed ee ku saabsan madowga, soogalootiga, iyo Muslimiinta ay yihiin saadaalinta ugu fiican ee taageerada Trump. Hadaladiisa waxa lagu tilmaamay in uu isticmaalay cabsi-cabsi iyo maangaabnimo taas oo sii xoogaysatay ololihiisii ​​madaxtinimada ee 2024 . Wuxuu sheegay inuu rumaysan yahay in awoodda dhabta ahi ay ka timaad cabsi. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Alt-right ayaa isku duubay oo taageeray musharaxnimadiisa, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay qayb ka mid ah diidmada dhaqamada kala duwan iyo socdaalka . Waxa uu leeyahay rafcaan xooggan oo loogu talagalay codbixiyayaasha Masiixiyiinta ah ee wacdiya iyo waddaniyiinta Masiixiyiinta ah , iyo dibad-baxyadiisa waxay qaataan calaamadaha, odhaahda, iyo ajandaha waddaniyadda Masiixiyiinta. Trump waxa uu sidoo kale u adeegsaday shuuci ka soo horjeeda hadaladiisa, isaga oo si joogta ah ugu yeeraya kuwa ka soo horjeeda " Communists " iyo " Marxists ===Aragtida jinsiyadeed iyo jinsiga=== Qaar badan oo ka mid ah faallooyinka iyo ficillada Trump ayaa lagu sifeeyay cunsurinimo. Ra'yi ururin qaran oo 2018 ah, qiyaastii kala badh ka mid ah jawaab bixiyaasha ayaa sheegay inuu yahay cunsuri; in badan oo ka mid ah waxay aaminsanaayeen in uu ku dhiirraday cunsuriyiinta. Dhowr daraasadood iyo sahanno ayaa lagu ogaaday in dabeecadaha cunsuriyadu ay kiciyeen siyaasadiisa siyaasadeed oo ay aad uga muhiimsan yihiin arrimaha dhaqaalaha ee lagu go'aaminayo daacadnimada codbixiyayaasha Trump. Dabeecadaha cunsuriyiinta iyo Islaam nacaybka ayaa ah tilmaamo xooggan oo muujinaya taageerada Trump. Waxaa lagu eedeeyay cunsurinimo isagoo ku adkeystay koox ka kooban shan dhalinyaro madow iyo Latino ah inay kufsadeen haweeney caddaan ah kiiska 1989 Central Park jogger , xitaa ka dib markii laga saaray 2002. Sannadkii 2011-kii, Trump waxa uu noqday hoggaamiyihii hormoodka u ahaa fikradda shirqoolka cunsuriga ah ee "dhalasho" ee ah in Barack Obama, madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee madow ee Mareykanka, uusan ku dhalan Mareykanka. Waxa uu ku andacooday in uu ku cadaadiyay dawladda in ay daabacdo warqadda dhalashada Obama, taas oo uu u arkay in ay tahay khiyaano. Waxa uu qiray in Obama uu ku dhashay Maraykanka bishii Sebtembar 2016, inkasta oo la sheegay in uu si gaar ah u muujiyay aragtida dhalashada ee 2017. Intii lagu jiray ololihii doorashada 2024, wuxuu sameeyay weeraro been abuur ah oo ka dhan ah aqoonsiga jinsiyadeed ee ka soo horjeeda, Kamala Harris, kaas oo lagu tilmaamay inay xasuusinayaan fikradda shirqoolka dhalashada. Ololihiisii ​​2024 waxa uu si weyn u adeegsaday luqadda bini'aadantinimada ka-hortagga ah iyo fikradaha jinsiyadeed . Sannadkii 2025, wuxuu kor u qaaday sheegashooyinka beenta ah ee xasuuqa cadaanka ah ee Koonfur Afrika wuxuuna abuuray barnaamijka qaxootiga ee Koonfur Afrika . Trump ayaa caado u ah inuu dumarka xaqiro marka uu la hadlayo warbaahinta iyo baraha bulshada. Wuxuu sameeyay faallooyin xunxun, wuxuu naqdiyay muuqaalka dumarka, wuxuuna u tixraacay iyaga oo isticmaalaya ereyo sharaf leh. Laga bilaabo 2020, 26 dumar ah ayaa si fagaare ah ugu eedeeyay anshax-xumo galmo , oo ay ku jiraan kufsi, dhunkasho ogolaansho la'aan, xoqid, fiirinta goonnada haweenka hoostooda, iyo ku lugaynta tartamayaasha qaan-gaarka ee qaawan. Eedeymahaas wuu diiday. Bishii Oktoobar 2016, 2005 " murafoon kulul " ayaa soo baxay isaga oo ku faanaya dhunkashada iyo dhunkashada haweenka iyaga oo aan raalli ka ahayn, isaga oo leh, "Markaad xiddig tahay, waxay kuu oggolaadaan inaad sameyso. Wax kasta waad sameyn kartaa ... Ku qabo feerka . " Waxa uu faallooyinka ku tilmaamay "hadal-qol-badel". Dhacdadan oo si baahsan u soo bandhigtay warbaahinta ayaa keentay raaligelintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee dadweynaha, oo la duubay intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​​​madaxweynaha 2016. ===Isku xirka rabshadaha iyo dembiyada nacaybka=== Trump ayaa loo aqoonsaday in uu fure u yahay kordhinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee Mareykanka, isaga oo ka dhan ah iyo mid ka dhan ah. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu ku qanacsan yahay xagjirnimada, aragtiyaha shirqoolka sida Q-Anon , iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada xagjirka ah ee midigta fog ilaa xad ka weyn madaxweyne kasta oo Maraykan ah oo casri ah, iyo ku lug lahaanshaha argagixisannimada stochastic . Cilmi-baaristu waxay soo jeedinaysaa in hadalka Trump uu la xiriiro kororka dhacdooyinka dembiyada nacaybka, iyo in uu leeyahay saameyn xoog leh oo ku saabsan muujinta dabeecadaha nacaybka ah sababtoo ah sida caadiga ah ee ereyada jinsiyadeed ee cad. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2016, wuxuu ku booriyay ama ammaanay weerarrada jireed ee ka dhanka ah dibad-baxayaasha ama wariyeyaasha. Eedeysaneyaal badan oo lagu baaray ama lagu soo oogay falal rabshado wata iyo dambiyada nacaybka ayaa soo xigtay hadalladiisa isagoo ku doodaya inaysan ahayn dambiile ama ay tahay inay helaan dabacsanaan. Dib u eegis dalka oo dhan ay samaysay ABC News bishii Maajo 2020 ayaa lagu aqoonsaday ugu yaraan 54 kiis oo danbi ah, laga bilaabo Agoosto 2015 ilaa Abriil 2020, kaas oo loogu yeedhay xidhiidh toos ah oo rabshado ama hanjabaado rabshado ah oo inta badan ay geystaan ​​ragga cadaanka ah iyo ugu horrayn ka dhanka ah dadka laga tirada badan yahay. Diidmada Trump ee ah in uu cambaareeyo kooxda cadaanka ah ee Proud Boys intii lagu jiray dooddii madaxweynenimada ee 2020 iyo faallooyinkiisii, "Wiilasha sharafta leh, istaaga oo garab istaaga", ayaa la sheegay in ay keentay in la kordhiyo shaqaaleysiinta kooxda Trump. Cilmi-baarayaasha la-dagaalanka argagixisanimada ayaa ku tilmaamay taariikhdiisa caadiga ah iyo dib-u-eegistiisa ee Janaayo 6 weerarkii Capitol, iyo bixinta naxariista dhammaan Janaayo 6 rabshad-wadayaasha , sida dhiirigelinta rabshadaha siyaasadeed ee mustaqbalka. ===Aragtiyo shirqool=== Tan iyo ka hor madaxweynanimadiisii ​​ugu horreysay, Trump wuxuu kor u qaaday fikrado badan oo shirqool ah, oo ay ku jiraan Obama "dhalashada", diidmada isbedelka cimilada , iyo faragelinta Ukraine ee lagu eedeeyay doorashadii Mareykanka . Kadib doorashadii madaxweynaha ee 2020, wuxuu kor u qaaday fikradaha shirqoolka ee guuldaradiisa kuwaas oo lagu sifeeyay " beenta weyn ===Hadalo been ah ama marin habaabin ah=== [[File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png|thumb|Xaqiiq-baarayaasha ka socda Washington Ku dhaji , Toronto Star , iyo CNN waxay soo ururiyeen xog ku saabsan "dacwooyin been ah ama marin-habaabin ah" (asalka orange) iyo "sheegashada beenta ah" (violet foreground).]] Trump wuxuu si joogta ah u sheegaa hadalo been abuur ah oo uu ku jiro hadalo fagaare ah, ilaa xad aan horay loo arag siyaasada Mareykanka . Beentiisu waa qayb gaar ah oo ka mid ah aqoonsigiisa siyaasadeed waxaana lagu tilmaamay inay tahay dab-damis . Hadaladiisa beenta ah iyo marin habaabinta ah waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyay xaqiiqooyin-hubi , oo ay ku jiraan The Washington Post , kaas oo 30,573 been abuur ah ama been abuur ah oo uu sameeyay intii lagu jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horreeyay, oo sii kordhaya waqti ka dib. Qaar ka mid ah been-abuurka Trump waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan faa'iido lahayn, halka kuwa kalena ay lahaayeen saameyn aad u fog, sida dhiirrigelintiisa aan la hubin ee dawooyinka ka hortagga duumada sida daaweynta KOVID-19, taasoo keentay yaraanta Maraykanka ee daawooyinkan iyo iibsashada argagaxa ee Afrika iyo Koonfurta Aasiya. Macluumaad kale oo khaldan, sida si khaldan loogu sheegay kororka dambiyada England iyo Wales "fidinta argagixisada xagjirka ah", waxay u adeegtay ujeedooyinkiisa siyaasadeed ee gudaha. Weeraradiisa waraaqaha waraaqaha boostada iyo dhaqamada kale ee doorashada ayaa wiiqay kalsoonida dadweynaha ee hufnaanta doorashada madaxweynaha 2020, halka xog-warrankiisa ku saabsan masiibada uu dib u dhigay oo uu wiiqay jawaabta qaranka ee ku wajahan. Caadiyan kama cudur daarato beentiisa. Ilaa 2018, warbaahintu marar dhif ah ayay beentiisa ugu yeertay been, oo ay ku jirto markii uu ku celceliyay hadallo been abuur ah. ===Baraha bulshada=== Joogitaanka baraha bulshada ee Trump ayaa soo jiitay indhaha caalamka kadib markii uu ku biiray Twitter-ka sanadkii 2009. Waxa uu si isdaba joog ah u soo dhigayay ololihiisii ​​2016-kii iyo intii uu madaxweyne ahaa ilaa Twitter-ka uu mamnuucay ka dib weerarkii 6-dii Janaayo. Wuxuu inta badan isticmaali jiray Twitter si uu si toos ah ula xiriiro dadweynaha oo uu u leexiyo saxaafadda; ee 2017, xoghayntiisa saxaafadda ayaa sheegay in tweets- kiisa uu ka kooban yahay bayaannada rasmiga ah ee madaxweynaha. Intii lagu jiray ololihiisii ​​2024 iyo madaxweynanimada labaad wuxuu si joogta ah u dhajiyay waxyaabo AI-soo saaray naftiisa sida astaanta dhaqanka pop-ka ama muhaajiriinta ku jeesjeesa. Ka dib sanado badan oo dhaleecayn ah oo loogu ogolaaday Trump in uu ku dhejiyo macluumaad khaldan iyo been abuur, Twitter ayaa bilaabay in uu ku dhejiyo qaar ka mid ah tweetskiisa hubinta xaqiiqda May 2020. Isagoo ka jawaabaya, wuxuu sheegay in shabakadaha warbaahinta bulshada "gebi ahaanba aamusin" muxaafidka oo uu "si adag u xakameyn doono, ama xidhi doono". Kadib weerarkii Janaayo 6, waxaa laga mamnuucay Facebook , Instagram , Twitter, iyo aalado kale. Luminta joogitaankiisa warbaahinta bulshada ayaa hoos u dhigtay awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu qaabeeyo dhacdooyinka oo la xidhiidha hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid mugga macluumaadka khaldan ee Twitter. Bishii Feebaraayo 2022, waxa uu bilaabay bar-kulanka bulshada ee Truth Social halkaas oo uu ku soo jiitay qayb ka mid ah Twitterkiisa. Elon Musk , ka dib markii uu helay Twitter , wuxuu dib u soo celiyay akoonkiisa Twitter bishii Noofambar 2022. Mamnuucidda labada sano ee Meta Platforms ayaa dhacay Janaayo 2023, taas oo u ogolaatay inuu ku laabto Facebook iyo Instagram. ===Xiriirka saxaafadda=== [[File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg|thumb|Isagoo saxaafadda la hadlaya, Maarso 2017]] Trump waxa uu raadiyay dareenka warbaahinta intii uu ku jiray xirfadiisa, isaga oo ilaalinaya xidhiidhka "jacaylka iyo nacaybka" ee uu la leeyahay saxaafadda. Ololihii 2016, wuxuu ka faa'iideystey qaddarka rikoorka ah ee warbaahinta xorta ah, oo lagu qiyaasay $ 2 bilyan. Musharrax ahaan iyo madaxweyne ahaan, wuxuu si joogta ah ugu eedeeyay saxaafadda eexda, isaga oo ku tilmaamay "warbaahinta wararka been abuurka ah" iyo " cadowga dadka ". Madaxtinimadii ugu horreysay ee Trump ayaa hoos u dhigtay war-bixinnada rasmiga ah ee saxaafadda ee boqolkii 2017 ilaa kala badh taas 2018 iyo laba 2019; waxa ay sidoo kale kala noqdeen sharcigii saxaafadeed ee laba wariye oo ka tirsan Aqalka Cad, kuwaas oo ay maxkamaduhu dib u soo celiyeen. Trump's 2020 ol'olihii madaxtinimo wuxuu dacweeyay New York Times , Washington Post , iyo CNN ka dib markii uu aflagaadeeyay qaybo ra'yi ah oo ku saabsan mawqifkiisa faragelinta doorashada Ruushka. Dhammaan dacwadihii waa la diiday. Sannadkii 2024, Trump wuxuu si isdaba joog ah u muujiyay taageerada uu ku mamnuucayo diidmada siyaasadeed iyo dhaleeceynta, wuxuuna sheegay in weriyeyaasha waa in lagu dacweeyaa si aanay u sheegin ilo qarsoodi ah iyo shirkadaha warbaahintu waa inay suurtogal tahay inay lumiyaan shatiyadooda baahinta wararka aan fiicnayn ee isaga. Markii dib loo doortay, Trump wuxuu bilaabay dacwooyin wuxuuna abuuray liis madow oo ka dhan ah warbaahinta qaar, wuxuuna la wareegay nidaamka ay wadaan ururka saxafiyiinta Aqalka Cad si uu u doorto xarumaha ay galaangal u leeyihiin. Halkii loo hoggaansami lahaa amarka maxkamadda ee lagu soo celin lahaa gelitaanka Associated Press , Aqalka Cad wuxuu sameeyay siyaasad xaddidan oo la heli karo dhammaan adeegyada siligga. Guddiga Isgaarsiinta Federaalka ayaa bilaabay baaritaanno lagu sameeyo xarumaha warbaahinta ee lagu eedeeyay eex isaga ka dhan ah. Natiijadii hanjabaadda Trump, madaxda warbaahinta waxay ku amreen saxafiyiinta iyo shaqaalahooda inay is-faafreebaan oo ay yareeyaan dhaleeceynta Trump, iyo CBS waxay isku raaceen inay abuuraan Ombudsman si ay ula socdaan kanaalada wararka si ay xididdada ugu siibaan "eex" CBS News. Bishii Luulyo 2025, wuxuu dacweeyay wargeyska Wall Street Journal daabacaadda sheeko la xiriirta saaxiibtinimadiisii ​​hore ee dembiilaha galmada ee Jeffrey Epstein , taasoo calaamad u ah markii ugu horreysay ee madaxweyne fadhiya uu dacweeyo urur warbaahineed eedeymo sumcad dil ah. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== ===Qoyska=== 1977, Trump wuxuu guursaday Ivana Zelníčková . Waxay lahaayeen saddex carruur ah: Donald Jr. (b. 1977), Ivanka (b. 1981), iyo Eric (b. 1984). Lammaanaha ayaa is furay 1990-kii, ka dib markii uu xiriir la yeeshay moodelka iyo atariishada Marla Maples . Isaga iyo Maples waxay guursadeen 1993 waxayna is fureen 1999. Waxay leeyihiin hal gabadh, Tiffany (b. 1993), oo Maples ku kortay California. Sannadkii 2005, wuxuu guursaday moodelka Slovenia Melania Knauss . Waxay leeyihiin hal wiil, Barron (b. 2006). ===Xiriirka Jeffrey Epstein=== Trump waxa uu saaxiibtimo 15 sano ah la lahaa Jeffrey Epstein ; Dadkii markaas yaqaannay waxay sheegeen inay si joogta ah u garaaci jireen oo ay u tartami jireen dumarka. Dareenka warbaahinta iyo cadaadiska dadweynaha ayaa kordhay 2025, markii maamulkiisu uusan sii dayn faylasha la xidhiidha Epstein , inkastoo Trump uu ballanqaaday inuu sidaas samaynayo intii lagu jiray ololaha 2024. ===Caafimaadka=== Trump waxa uu sheegay in aanu waligii cabbin khamri, sigaar cabin, ama aanu isticmaalin daroogo. Wuxuu seexdaa qiyaastii afar ama shan saacadood habeenkii. Waxa uu golfing ugu yeedhay "qaabka jimicsiga aasaasiga ah", laakiin inta badan ma socdo koorsada. Wuxuu u arkaa jimicsigu inuu yahay tamar tamar sababtoo ah wuxuu aaminsan yahay in jirku yahay "sida batteriga oo kale, oo leh qadar xaddidan oo tamar ah", kaas oo lagu dhammeeyo jimicsiga. Sannadkii 2015, ololahiisu wuxuu sii daayay warqad ka timid dhakhtarkiisii ​​gaarka ahaa ee Harold Bornstein , isagoo sheegay inuu " noqon doono shakhsiga ugu caafimaadka badan ee abid loo doorto madaxweynaha". Sannadkii 2018, Bornstein wuxuu sheegay in Trump uu amar ku bixiyay nuxurka warqadda iyo in saddex ka mid ah wakiillada Trump ay qabsadeen diiwaankiisa caafimaad bishii Febraayo 2017 ee xafiiska Bornstein. ===Diinta=== Trump wuxuu sheegay 2016 inuu ahaa Presbyterian iyo Protestant . Sannadkii 2020, wuxuu sheegay inuu yahay Masiixi aan diin-nabi ahayn . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar badan ayaa su'aal ka keenay qoto dheeraanta xiriirka diimeed. Baadhitaan la sameeyay intii lagu guda jiray madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee Trump (2017-2021) ayaa muujisay in boqolkiiba 63 dadka Maraykanku aanay rumaysnayn in uu diin yahay, inkasta oo uu aaminsan yahay in uu Masiixi yahay, boqolkiiba 44 oo keliya dadka Maraykanka ah ayaa aaminsan in Trump uu yahay Masiixi. Qaar ka mid ah faallooyinka Trump ee Kitaabka Qudduuska ah ama dhaqanka Masiixiga ayaa horseeday in dadka indha indheeya ay soo jeediyaan in aqoonta uu u leeyahay Masiixiyadda ay tahay mid maqaar-saar ah ama khalad ah, qaar yar oo taariikh-nololeed ah ayaa ku tilmaamay Trump mid qoto dheer ama xitaa diineed. Waqtigiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu u magacaabay wadaadkiisa gaarka ah iyo lataliyaha ruuxiga ah, milyaneer teleefaanjiste Paula White-Cain , Xafiiska Xiriirka Dadweynaha ee Aqalka Cad . Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad, wuxuu u magacaabay lataliyeheeda sare Xafiiska cusub ee rumaysadka ee Aqalka Cad . ==Qiimaynta== ===Sawirka dadweynaha=== Muddadii ugu horreysay ee Trump, laga bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2020, qiimeynta oggolaanshaha caalamiga ah ee hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos uga dhacday 22 boqolkiiba ra'yi ururin Gallup ee 134 waddan ilaa 16 boqolkiiba - oo ka hooseeya Shiinaha Xi Jinping iyo Vladimir Putin ee Ruushka - ee Pew Research ra'yi ee 13 waddan. Sannadka 2017, qiyaasta hoggaanka Mareykanka ayaa hoos u dhacday inta badan xulafada. Gudaha, xilligiisii ​​ugu horreeyay, Trump wuxuu lahaa taageerada ugu weyn ee xisbiyada: 88 boqolkiiba Jamhuuriga iyo 7 boqolkiiba Dimuqraadiyiinta. Codbixintii Gallup ee 2021, wuxuu ahaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee aan waligii gaadhin 50 boqolkiiba oggolaanshaha, wuxuuna ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aan la magacaabin ee loogu riyaaqay sannadkiisii ​​ugu horreeyay ee xafiiska. Muddadii labaad ee rubuciisii ​​​​hore sida uu qabo Gallup, oggolaanshaha Trump wuxuu ahaa 45 boqolkiiba - xoogaa ka wanaagsan xilligiisii ​​​​ugu horreeyay, oo aad uga hooseeya celceliska boqolkiiba 60 ee madaxweynayaasha kale. Taageeradu waxa ay ahaan jirtay mid aan kala fogayn; Waxa uu helay oggolaanshaha boqolkiiba 90 ee Jamhuuriga, 37 boqolkiiba madax-bannaanida, iyo boqolkiiba 4 ee Dimuqraadiyiinta. Xilligiisii ​​​​labaad wuxuu sidoo kale arkay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid ra'yiga dadweynaha caalamiga ah ee Maraykanka ===Qiimaynta cilmiga=== Ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee Trump, taariikhyahanadu waxay ku qiimeeyeen Trump inuu yahay madaxweynihii afraad ee ugu xumaa sahanka C-SPAN ee 2021 ee taariikhyahannada madaxtooyada. Waxa uu ku qiimeeyay kuwa ugu hooseeya qaybaha sifooyinka hogaaminta ee awooda akhlaaqda iyo xirfadaha maamulka. Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Siena College 's 2022 sahanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay kan saddexaad. Waxa uu ku jiray kaalmaha ugu hooseeya dhammaan qaybaha marka laga reebo nasiibka, rabitaanka khatarta, iyo hoggaanka xisbiga, waxaanu ka galay kaalinta ugu dambeeya dhowr qaybood. 2018 iyo 2024, xubno ka tirsan Ururka Sayniska Siyaasadda Mareykanka ayaa ku qiimeeyay inuu yahay madaxweynaha ugu xun. ==Xusuusin== a:Bilowgii markii Trump uu saddex sano jirsaday, aabbihii waxa uu siin jiray mid kasta oo carruurtiisa ka mid ah $6,000 sannadkii, lacagta ugu badan ee la oggol yahay iyada oo aan la gelin cashuur hadiyadeed. Si looga fogaado cashuuraha, Fred waxa uu ka dhigay mulkiilayaal laba ka mid ah dhismooyinkiisa guri, isaga oo bixinaya midkiiba $13,928 kirada sannad kasta b:Later , 2015, wuxuu ugu hanjabay dugsigiisa sare, kulliyadaha, iyo Guddiga Kulliyadda tallaabo sharci ah haddii ay sii daayaan diiwaankiisa waxbarasho. C:UPenn's 1968 barnaamijka bilawga ah wuxuu ku taxayaa Trump inuu helay shahaadada koowaad ee Sayniska ee Dhaqaalaha oo aan ahayn qaataha Sharafta Tacliinta d:Kadib Trump waxa uu ku dayan doonaa Peale's Awooda Fikirka Toosan ee Farshaxanka Heshiiska e:Doorashada madaxweynahaee Maraykanka waxaa go'aamiya kulliyadda doorashada Gobol kastaa wuxuu magacaabayaa tiro codbixiyeyaal ah oo la mid ah matalaadda Congress-ka iyo (gobollada intooda badan) dhammaan cod-bixiyayaashu waxay u codeeyaan cidda ku guulaysata codbixinta caanka ah ee gobolkooda. f:Madaxweyne Jamhuuri ah oo ay weheliyaan Jamhuuriga gacanta ku haysa labada gole ee Congress-ka g:CBS kama helin wax diiwaan ah oo dambi ah 75% dadka Venezuela ee la xiray. h: 2025, Pew Research waxay ogaatay dad ku nool dalal badan (12 ka mid ah 20 iyo 4 xiriir) waxay u arkeen Shiinaha inuu yahay dhaqaalaha ugu horreeya adduunka. ==Tixraac== [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html "Michael Cohen ayaa sheegay in Trump uu u sheegay in uu ugu hanjabay iskuulada in aysan sii deynin darajooyinka"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/politics/donald-trump-roy-cohn.html "Muxuu Donald Trump Ka Bartay Ninka Gacanta Midig Ee Joseph McCarthy] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo Kharashka Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka: Addenda et Corrigenda] [https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf Waa imisa lacagta dhabta ah? Tusaha Qiimaha Taariikhiga ah ee loo Isticmaalo sida Burburiyaha Qiimaha Lacagta ee Dhaqaalaha Maraykanka] [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/donald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship "Sidee Donald Trump iyo Roy Cohn's arxan la'aanta Symbiosis u beddeshay Ameerika"] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2016/jun/21/hillary-clinton/yep-donald-trumps-companies-have-declared-bankrupt/ "Haa, shirkadaha Donald Trump waxay ku dhawaaqeen inay kiciyeen...in ka badan afar jeer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html "Trump waxa uu ku hawlanaa qorshayaal cashuureed oo laga shakisan yahay isaga oo ka guranaya maalkii Aabihiis"] [https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel "Taariikhda dabaylaha ah ee mashruucii ugu horeeyey ee hantida maguurtada ah ee Manhattan ee Donald Trump"] {{Wayback|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel |date=20211009191253 }} [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father "Sheekada beenta ah ee Trump wuxuu ku dhisay boqortooyadiisa 'amaah yar' oo uu ka helay aabihiis"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html "Trump, New Yorker inta nool, wuxuu naftiisa ku dhawaaqay inuu yahay degane Florida"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html "Trump's Plaza Hotel Planruptcy Plan waa la ansixiyay"] [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html "Trump waxa uu ka iibinayaa Hotel Plaza maalgashadayaasha Sucuudiga iyo Aasiya"] [https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-irs-audit-chicago-hotel-taxes "Hanti-dhawrka IRS ee Trump wuxuu ku kacayaa kharash ka badan 100 milyan oo doolar" Madaxweynihii hore] [https://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/16/donald-trump-atlantic-city-empire/ "Xaqiiqda ku saabsan kor u kaca iyo dhicitaanka Donald Trump ee Boqortooyada Atlantic City"] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2011/04/29/fourth-times-a-charm-how-donald-trump-made-bankruptcy-work-for-him/ "Markii Afraad ee Soojiidashada: Sida Donald Trump Uga Sameeyey Fasaxa Isaga] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html "Wax kasta oo ku dhacay qoorta Trump? Way dhammaatay. Sidoo kale waa inta badan boqortooyadii ganacsiga ee Trump"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Toban sano oo Casaanka ah: Tirooyinka Canshuurta ee Trump ayaa muujinaya in ka badan $ 1 bilyan oo khasaare ganacsi ah"] [https://cnn.com/2016/08/22/politics/donald-trump-activist-investor/ "Xilligii Gordon Gekko: Donald Trump ee faa'iidada iyo wakhtiga muranka badan ee maal-galiye firfircoon"] [https://www.fastcompany.com/4023036/why-the-heck-does-donald-trump-have-a-walk-of-fame-star-anyway-its-not-the-reason-you-think "Waa maxay sababta uu Donald Trump u leeyahay xiddiga caanka ah ee caanka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee? Ma aha sababta aad u maleyneyso "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-donald-trump-retooled-his-charity-to-spend-other-peoples-money/2016/09/10/da8cce64-75df-11e6-8149-b8d05321db62_story.html "Sida Donald Trump uu dib ugu habeeyey hay'addiisa samafalka si uu u isticmaalo lacagta dadka kale"] [https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/18/media/vince-mcmahon-donald-trump-payments/index.html "Baaritaanno lagu sameeyay lacag-bixinnada xannibaadda ee Vince McMahon ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inay soo saareen deeqaha samafalka ee Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-foundation-ordered-to-stop-fundraising-by-ny-attorney-generals-office/2016/10/03/1d4d295a-8987-11e6-bff0-d53f592f176e_story.html "Trump Foundation waxay amartay inay joojiso lacag ururinta xafiiska xeer ilaaliyaha guud ee NY"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/24/trump-university-shut-down-conflict-of-interest "Donald Trump si uu u kala diro aasaaskiisa samafalka ka dib markii ay sii kordhayaan cabashooyinka"] [https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235 "Madaxweyne Donald Trump waxa uu amray in uu bixiyo $2M si loo ururiyo hay'adaha aan macaash doonka ahayn taas oo qayb ka ah dacwadda madaniga ah"] [https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12 "Taariikhda dheer ee Trump ee Deutsche Bank waxay hadda noqon kartaa xarunta baaritaanka Robert Mueller"] [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/christophermassie/theres-hours-of-audio-of-donald-trumps-nationally-syndicated "Waxaa jira saacado maqal ah oo ah Bandhigga Raadiyaha Qaranka ee Donald Trump's Syndicated 2000-meeyadii"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/09/09/how-the-conservative-media-is-taking-over-the-republican-party/ "Sida warbaahinta muxaafidka ahi ula wareegayso xisbiga Jamhuuriga"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/02/04/trump-resigns-screen-actors-guild/ "Iyadoo uu wajahayo cayrinta, Trump wuxuu iska casilayaa xubinnimada jilayaasha shaashadda: 'Waxba iima aadan sameynin'] [https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2015/aug/24/jeb-bush/bush-says-trump-was-democrat-longer-republican-las/ "Bush wuxuu yidhi Trump wuxuu ahaa Dimuqraadi in ka badan Jamhuuriga" tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay'] [https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/donald-trump-was-once-a-registered-democrat-and-party-donor-why-did-he-jump-ship/wj85mj5yq "Donald Trump mar wuxuu ahaa deeq bixiye dimuqraadi ah iyo xisbi, haddaba muxuu markabka u booday?"] [https://ballot-access.org/2011/12/25/donald-trump-ran-for-president-in-2000-in-several-reform-party-presidential-primaries/ "Donald Trump wuxuu u tartamay madaxweyne sannadkii 2000 dhowr xisbi oo dib u habayn ah] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/16/donald-trump-us-presidential-race "Donald Trump wuxuu ku guuldarreystay inuu ka baxo tartanka doorashada madaxtinimada Mareykanka ee 2012"] [https://www.npr.org/2016/08/10/489476187/trump-s-second-amendment-comment-fit-a-pattern-of-ambiguous-speech "Khudbada muranka badan dhalisay ee Donald Trump inta badan way socotaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/ "Su'aalaha Trump wuxuu u baahan yahay NATO, wuxuu qeexayaa siyaasadda dibadda ee aan dhexdhexaad ahayn"] [https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/ "Donald Trump wuxuu jebiyey taariikhda dhow isagoo aan soo celin canshuur celinta"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html "Donald Trump Waxa Uu Qiray In Aanu Bixin Cashuuraha Dakhliga Dowladda Dhexe Muddo Sanado Ah"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html "Tiro taariikhi ah oo codbixiyeyaal ah ayaa xumaaday, waxaana intooda badan loo malaynayaa inay u codeeyaan Clinton"] [https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/ "Guusha Trump tusaale kale oo ku saabsan sida Kuliyada Doorashada ay u guuleysato ayaa ka weyn codadka dadweynaha"] [https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience "Donald Trump wuxuu noqon doonaa madaxweynaha kaliya ee Maraykanka ee aan lahayn khibrad siyaasadeed iyo mid milatari"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-emoluments-lawsuit.html "Dacwad ku saabsan xadgudubyada Emoluments Trump waxay kasbatay soo jiidashada maxkamadda"] [https://cnn.com/2021/01/25/politics/emoluments-supreme-court-donald-trump-case/ "Maxkamadda sare waxay meesha ka saartay kiisas ka dhan ah Trump"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-donation-salary-white-house/2021/07/29/07723234-efd9-11eb-bf80-e3877d9c5f06_story.html "Trump ma raacay ballan qaadkiisii ​​ahaa in uu ku deeqayo 6-dii bilood ee ugu dambeysay mushaarkiisa madaxtinimo? Waa wax qarsoon"] [https://www.citizensforethics.org/reports-investigations/crew-reports/trump-likely-benefited-from-13-6-million-in-payments-from-foreign-governments-during-his-presidency "Trump waxay u badan tahay inuu ka faa'iidey $13.6 milyan oo ay bixiyeen dowlado shisheeye intii uu madaxweynaha ahaa"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/08/trump-jobs-record/ "Trump wuxuu lahaan doonaa rikoodhkii ugu xumaa ee shaqooyinka taariikhda casriga ah ee Maraykanka. Kaliya maaha masiibada"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html "Trump ayaa u sheegay saraakiisha Ruushka 2017-kii inuusan ka walaacsanayn faragelinta Moscow ee doorashada Mareykanka"] [https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ "Xidhiidh badan oo badan, badan, badan, xiriir badan ayuu Donald Trump la leeyahay Ruushka"] {{Wayback|url=https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ |date=20170228022233 }} [https://www.9news.com.au/world/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-investigation-started-with-alexander-downer-interview/16121e23-bdfc-4f32-9822-e4a7f841e3e4 "Duufaanta isdhaafsiga ah: Baadhitaanka Trump ee Ruushka ayaa ka bilaabmay waraysiga Alexander Downer"] [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/30/us/politics/trump-russia-justice-department.html "Xafiiska Cadaaladda. Weligaa si buuxda uma baarin xiriirka Trump ee Ruushka, saraakiishii hore ayaa yiri "] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/30/trump-briefly-acknowledges-that-russia-aided-his-election-falsely-says-he-didnt-help-effort/ "Trump wuxuu si kooban u qirayaa in Ruushku gacan ka geystay doorashadiisa - wuxuuna si been abuur ah u sheegay inuusan gacan ka geysan dadaalka"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/328637/last-trump-job-approval-average-record-low.aspx "Oggolaanshaha shaqada ee Trump ee u dambeeyay 34%; Celceliska waa Rikoor-hoosee 41%"] [https://fortune.com/2017/12/28/gallup-most-admired-man-and-woman-obama-clinton/ "Trump waa madaxweynaha kaliya ee la doortay ee Maraykanka oo aan loo magacaabin ninka loogu jecel yahay Maraykanka sannadkiisii ​​ugu horeeyay"] [https://news.gallup.com/poll/655955/trump-inaugural-approval-rating-historically-low-again.aspx "Qiimaynta Ansixinta Daahfurka ee Trump waa mid taariikhiyan mar kale hooseysa"] [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/11/opinion-of-us-has-worsened-in-countries-around-world-in-last-year-survey-shows "Fikirka Mareykanka ayaa ka sii daray dalalka adduunka sannadkii hore, sahan ayaa muujinaya"] [https://www.c-span.org/presidentsurvey2021/ "Sahaminta Taariikhyahanada Madaxweynaha 2021"b] [https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/trump-cspan-president-ranking-497184 "Trump wuxuu ku soo baxay kaalinta 41-aad ee qiimeynta madaxtinimo ee C-SPAN"] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/06/30/presidential-rankings-2021-cspan-historians/ "Taariikhyahanadu waxay kaliya doorteen madaxweynayaasha. Trump ma ahayn kii ugu dambeeyay"] [https://scri.siena.edu/2022/06/22/american-presidents-greatest-and-worst/ "Madaxweynayaasha Mareykanka: kan ugu weyn uguna xun"] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/19/opinion/how-does-trump-stack-up-against-the-best-and-worst-presidents.html "Fikirka: Sidee buu Trump uga soo horjeedaa kuwa ugu fiican - iyo kan ugu xun - madaxweynayaasha?"] [https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1232447088/historians-presidents-survey-trump-last-biden-14th "Sahanka maalinta madaxweynayaasha taariikhyahanada, Biden vs. Trump maaha wicitaan dhow"]{{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] 722g2pywi311udexpzrqi594wd16fi6 0 21172 300928 298950 2026-07-06T20:34:01Z ~2026-38551-59 46375 /* Abtirsi */ 300928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group| |group = Dishiishe <br> دشيشي |image =[[File:Ugaaska Dishiishe.jpg|thumb|Ugaas Xasan Ugaas Yaasin]] |region1 = {{flagcountry|Soomaaliya}} |region2 = {{flagcountry|Oman}} |region4 = {{flagcountry|Yemen}} |region5 = |region6 = |langs = [[Af-Soomaali]] iyo [[Af-Carabi]] |rels = [[Islam| Islam Sunni]] |related-c = [[Gabtaanle]], [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali]], [[Tiinle]], [[Ogaadeen]], ,[[Mareexaan]], [[Reer-Darawiish]] iyo beelaha kale ee [[Daarood]] |caption=Ugaaska guud ee beelweynta Dishiishe}} '''Dishiishe''' ({{lang-en|''Dishiishe''}}, [[Carabi]] دشيشى) ; sidoo kale loo qoro '''Dashiishe''', '''Dishishe''', Waa [[Beelaha Soomaalida|qabiil]] Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan beelaha [[Harti]] ee beelwaynta [[Daarood]], waxayna ka mid yihiin laf hoosaadka '''Axmed Harti''' loona garan ogyahay '''Mooracase "BahMajeerteen".''' Waxayna wada dhasheen beelaha Gabtaanle, Tiinle iyo Maganlabe,Waxay beeshu Degtaa Gobolada [[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]], [[Sanaag]] Iyo [[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada hoose]] ee [[Soomaaliya]].Sidoo kale waxay degaan dalka [[Cumaan]] gaar ahaan gobolka Dhofar. Dishiishe waxay soohdin la leeyihiin Dhanka Bari Cali Saleebaan iyo Cali Jibrahil, dhanka Galbeedna Warsangeli, dhanka koonfur Cismaan Maxamuud. Waana Beel aad loogu qadariyo deegaanada [[Boosaaso]] iyo Hareeraheeda oo ah Degaanka ay Taariikh ahaan Degaan. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |accessdate=18 May 2010}}</ref> ==Hordhac== '''Dishiishe''' waa beel ka mid ah beelaha [[Harti]] ee [[Daarood]] kana sii ah [[Harti|Mooracase]], Qabiilkaan waxuu ku badanyahay woqooyiga gaar ahaan gobolada [[Bari]] & [[Sanaag]], degaano ka mid ah dalalka [[Carabta|Cumaan]] iyo [[Yemen|Yemen]]. Waxay dhalasho wadaag yihiin beelaha [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali|Warsangeli]], [[Reer-Darawiish]], iyo beelo kale, oo dhamaan wada Ah ilmo [[Harti]], Koombe, kablalax, [[Daarood]].<ref>Soda laga soo xigtay Waayeelka , waxgaradka iyo soo jireenka Qabaa'ilkaa</ref> Beeshaani waxay leedahay Ugaastooyo soo jireen ah oo maamuli jirtay deegaanada beeshu degto, sidoo kale beeshaani waxay gundhig u tahay Horumarka dhaqaale, Ilbaxnimo iyo Amni ee ka hana qaaday gobolada Waqooyi Bari soomaaliya wixii ka dambeeyay Burburkii dowladii dhexe ee dalka, Waana beel bulshooyinka Soomaaliyeed ku soo dhoweysay deegaanadeeda oo ay ugu horayso Magaalada [[Boosaaso]]. [[File:48tirrryuco91.jpg|thumb|Boosaaso 1926]] [[File:Somalia_tribes1977.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Khariidad Muujinaysa qayb ahaan sida ay u kala degaan qabaa'ilka Soomaalida.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/somalia.html|title=Somalia Maps - Perry–Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online|author=|date=|website=www.lib.utexas.edu|accessdate=6 April 2018}}</ref>]] ==Abtirsi== *Axmad Harti '''(''Mooracase'')''' Wuxuu dhalay Ismaaciil oo ay ka Farcameen #Wacaysle Ismaaciil '''( Tiinle )''' #Cabdalle Ismaaciil '''( Gabtaanle)''' #Nuux Ismaaciil '''( Maganlabe)''' #Abdiraxman Maxamed Maxamuud Ismaaciil '''(Dishiishe )''' *Maxamuud Ismaaciil '''( Miyirwaq )''' Isna wuxuu dhalay Maxamed o sii dhalay Cabdiraxmaan '''(''Dishiishe'')''' oo ay ka farcameen #Ismaaciil Cabdiraxmaan (Meecaad) #Cabdalle Cabdiraxmaan(''Makadoor'')''' * Cabdalle Cabdiraxmaan #Isxaaq Cabdalle '''( Reer Boqor )''' #Cabdikariim Cabdalle *Cabdikariim Cabdalle #Sakeriye Cabdikariim '''( Reer Sakeriye)''' #Maxamuud Cabdikariim '''( Fiqi Case )''' *Ismaaciil Cabdiraxmaan #'''Saciid Ismaaciil''' #'''Yoonis Ismaaciil''' #Maxamed Ismaaciil (Ugaar) *Ugaar Ismaaciil #'''Cabdalle Ugaar''' #'''Cabdikariim Ugaar''' #'''Cabdibaasid Ugaar<br />''' *Cabdalle Ugaar wuxu dhalay Xuseen ('''Xuseen Cabdalle)''' *Cabdikariim Ugaar Wuxuu dhalay Isxaaq oo ay ka farcameen #Maxamed Isxaaq #Saleebaan Isxaaq #Axmed Isxaaq '''(''Reer Ugaas)'''''<br /> #Xasan Ugaas Axmed #Cali Ugaas Axmed'''('' Mugdi '')''' #Qaasim Ugaas Axmed'''( Ooga cadde '')''''' #Nuux Ugaas Axmed *Cabdibaasid Ugaar wuxu dhalay Xaaji-Jibriil oo ka farcameen # Macaawiye Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Macaawiye)''' #Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Cartan)''' # Ahmed Cartan ('''Ahmed Cartan''') # '''Cismaan Cartan''', o ka farcameen; # Cise Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Saalax Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Rooble Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Maxamed Cise Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Maxamed Ciise''') # Faahiye Saalax Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Faahiye''') # Rooble Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Gabdoon Rooble ('''Reer Gabdoon''') # Isxaaq Rooble ('''Rer Isxaaq''') # Saalax Rooble ('''Saalax Rooble''') # Muuse Maxamuud Rooble ('''Reer Muuse''') '''Guud ahaan Dishiishe wa 10 Beelood o kala ah:''' # '''Reer Boqor''' # '''Reer Sekeriye''' # '''Reer Fiqi''' # '''Yonis''' # '''Siciid Ismaciil''' # '''Xuseen Cabdalle''' # '''Reer Ugaas''' # '''Saleebaan''' # '''Maxamed Isxaaq''' # '''Reer Xaaji-Jibriil''' Tixraac: Buugga Taxa-taran, Qore: Maxamuud Bile Dubbe <code>https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm</code> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Soomaali|Beelaha Soomaalida]] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Beelaha Soomaalida}} {{Commons|Category:Darod}} [[Category:Qabiilada Soomaalida]] [[Category:Soomaali]] [[Category:Dadka Soomaaliga]] [[Category:Macluumaadka Soomaaliya]] Buugga Taxa-taran. Qore ( Maxamuud Bile Dubbe Mareegta: Biyokulule.com ( https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm ) 6ikq90qawxm3bdlfydzsmk3c9qx2ua2 10 31812 300902 207650 2026-07-06T15:10:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300902 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="white-space: nowrap;">{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#if:{{{2|}}}||&thinsp;}}}}{{{1|}}}&thinsp;<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&thinsp;{{{3}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{4|}}}|&thinsp;{{{4}}}}}{{#if:{{{5|}}}|&thinsp;{{{5}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{6|}}}|&thinsp;{{{6}}}}}{{#if:{{{7|}}}|&thinsp;{{{7}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{8|}}}|&thinsp;{{{8}}}}}{{#if:{{{9|}}}|&thinsp;{{{9}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{10|}}}|&thinsp;{{{10}}}}}</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> </noinclude> b3t8ug596s2nqqnys55o7tsr76dnm00 0 36938 300961 267345 2026-07-07T05:38:27Z Maydkinool45 33894 Maydkinool45 la wareejiyay bogga [[Siciid Cabdulaahi Deni]] ilaa [[Siciid Deni]] 267345 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saciid Cabdulaahi Maxamed''' "'''''Deni'''''" Madaxweynaha hada talada haya ahna madaxweynaha 6aad ee dawlada [[Puntland]]. o9skrfansddsfkdh0kd1awh30byo8px 0 39797 300925 300657 2026-07-06T16:32:59Z ~2026-34537-45 46057 /* Clan tree */ 300925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Masar}}|group=Abokor <br> |flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_United Kingdom.svg|60px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region3={{flagcountry| United States}}|region4 ={{flagcountry|Turkey}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]]|rels=[[Islam]]|related-c= Other ,clans <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} '''Abokor''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]: Abokor'','' [[Carabi]]: أبوبكر ; ''',''' Magaca oo buuxa: Abokor Musa Da'ud Sheekh Ishaaq) waa Qabiil wayn oo ka mid ah beelweynta Eidagalle ee Isaaq. Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]]. == Overview == The Abokor is a major Somali clan that is part of the Eidagalle clan of the Isaaq clan family, traditionally also called ''Saleebaan''. Members of the Abokor Musa subclan are descendants of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed. The Abokor musa<ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615-1-5.</ref> is one of the large somali clans and among the most prominent sub-clans of the Eidagale. They inhabit the Hargiesa and Salahley regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community<ref name=":3">Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17). Voice and Power. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135751753</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":4">Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. 9780226467917.</ref>.The Abokor Musa traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, merchants, and skilled poets.<ref>Andrzejewski, B.W. and I.M. Lewis, 1964, Somali Poetry: An Introduction, Oxford University Press.</ref> ==Tariikhda == ===Nasabka === Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu ka mid ahaa culimadii ka soo haajiray Carabta kuna soo tallaabay badda si ay Islaamka ugu faafiyaan Geeska Afrika qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday labo dumar ah oo deegaanka ah gudaha Somaliland, wuxuuna ka dhalay siddeed wiil. Mid ka mid ah, Daoud, wuxuu noqday aabihii beesha Ciidagale.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> ===Xiliyadii Dhexe=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxaa si gaar ah loogu xusuustaa kaalintii ay ka qaateen halgankii uu hoggaaminayay Axmed Gurey (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ([[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]]) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Sida lagu sheegay buugga taariikhiga ah ee ''Futuh al-Habash'', beelaha Habar Magaadle, oo ay ku jirto laantan, waxay bixiyeen ciidamo iyo hoggaamiyeyaal muhiim ah.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref><blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo , taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha, gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad, oo ah Sultanate . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada [[Herer|Herar]].<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 9782845864924</nowiki>.</ref> Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen magalda tariikhiga ah ee [[Saylac|zelia]].</blockquote> [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]]]] Qarnigii 19aad, laanta Abokor Muuse waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday Hargeysa–Berbera–Harar. Ganacsatadoodu waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu firfircoon ee karavaannada ka keeni jiray gudaha Soomaalida xoolaha, muxurka, malmalka iyo subagga, kuna dhoofin jiray Berbera iyo suuqyada Carabta. Waxaa si gaar ah loo xusuustaa xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen Amiir Axmed III bin Abu Bakr, oo ahaa amiirkii Harar intii u dhaxaysay 1856–1875. Amiirka ayaa si weyn u qadarin jiray ganacsatada Abokor Muuse.<ref>Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 116–118.</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen ilaalinta dhaqanka, xeerka iyo dhexdhexaadinta. Goobta barakeysan ee [[Aw Barkhadle]], oo ku taalla inta u dhexeysa [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Berbera]], waxay ahayd xarun dhaar iyo heshiis lagu xallin jiray khilaafaadka. Odayaasha Abokor Muuse ayaa si gaar ah loogu qadarin jiray hoggaaminta dhaarta iyo heshiisiinta,oo ah Ugaaysada dhaqanka<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref> </blockquote> Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku ahaayeen hal-abuurka gabayga iyo xigmadda afka ah. Gabayga ayaa u ahaa hub lagula dagaallamo, laguna xafido taariikhda. Sida uu qoray Laurence Margaret, beesha Ciidagale (oo ay ka mid yihiin Abokor Muse) waxaa lagu yaqaanay in tiro badan oo rag ah ay gabyaa yihiin, taasoo ka dhigtay beel kaalin weyn ku leh suugaanta Soomaalida.<ref>Laurance, Margaret. ''A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose''. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref>Sido kale Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen qoys caan ku ahaa fardaha fuulka iyo dagaalka, waxaana si weyn looga yaqaanay kartida dagaal iyo xirfadda ay ku lahaayeen maareynta fardaha dagaalka. [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Map showing trade routes leading to Berbera.]] Qarnigii 19aad, Abokor Muuse waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii karavaannada ee u dhexeeyay [[Berbera]] iyo gudaha dalka. Waxay qayb ka ahaayeen aasaaska magaalada [[Hargeysa]], taasoo markii hore ahayd xarun karavaan oo ay dhiseen ganacsatada Ciidagale.<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). ''Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia''. p. 96.</ref> <blockquote>Taariikhda Abokor Muuse waa mid ku dhisan geesinimada dagaal, hal-abuurka suugaaneed, hoggaaminta dhaqameed iyo firfircoonida ganacsiga. Waxay qayb muhiim ah ka noqdeen halgankii diimeed ee Muslimiinta, nabadaynta bulshada Isaaq, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka gobolka—astaamo qeexaya kaalintooda qoto dheer ee taariikhda Soomaaliyeed.</blockquote> Sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin tariikh soo jireen ah oo ku salaysan dhaqashada xoolaha, sida Geela, Adhiga iyo lo'da, iyadoo geelu uu yahay xoolahooda ugu muhiimsan ee noloshooda ku tiirsan yihiin isla markaana ay Aad u dhaqdaan. Dhaqashada xoolaha waxay ka tarjumaysa hodantinimada, hiddaha, iyo xirfadda ay bulshadu ku dhisantahay oo soo jireen ah. ===Baranches and Subclans=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waa beel ballaaran oo caan ku ah geesinimada iyo hiddaha soo jireenka ah, waxayna leedahay faracyo iyo laamo badan oo si dhaw isugu xidhan. Beeshan qiimaha leh waxay u kala baxdaa laamo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin: ''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil|Mohammed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Ahmed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Aden Abokor]]'', ''[[Muuse Dhimbil]]'' Faracyada ''[[Mohamoud Muuse]]'' iyo ''Abdalleh Muuse''. Laamaha Beesha ''Abdalleh Muuse'' ayaa iyaguna caan ku ah reero balaadhan ah sida ''Reer Aadan'', Reer ''Ali Abdi'', ''Reer Nuur'', ''Reer Benin'', ''Rer Gallab'', ''Reer Eiye'', iyo ''Mohamed Cabdille'', (kuwaas oo kala baxa ''Rer Dhibleh'' ,''Reer Cali'' iyo ''Reer Gubadleh''.) ; [[Shaxda beesha|Shaxda Beesha]] ===Saltanate of Abokor Musa=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku tahay hoggaamin, halgan iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Intii taariikhdu xusuusato, beeshani waxay lahayd taliyaal dhaqameed oo ka kala socday laamaha iyo faracyada beesha, kuwaas oo door weyn ku lahaa xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada, iyo kordhinta midnimada beesha dhexdeeda. Suldaanada, boqorrada iyo ugaasyada ka soo jeeda Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen hogaamiyayaal caan ah, kuwaas oo isku darsaday garaad, geesinimo, iyo karti ciidan. Markay timaaddo dirir ama dagaal, waxay ahaayeen abaanduulayaal dagaal oo hoggaamiya ciidamo si abaabulan u dagaallama. Halka marka nabaddu timaaddo, ay noqdaan odayaal dhaqameed oo hagaya bulshada dhinaca garsoorka, dhaqanka, iyo isku duubnida. ==Distribution== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran u daganyihiin magaalada Hargeysa, gaar ahaan koofurta iyo galbeedka caasimadda. Xaafadaha ay si rasmi ah u deggan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah ''Calaamadaha'' , oo ay kala Qaybiso Wadada Halbawlaha ee ''Airport Road (Wadada Madaarka Egal)'', iyo xaafadaha Masalaha ( Siirooga galbeedkiisa), ''Jameecada'', iyo qaybo ka mid ah Xaafadda ''October''. Meelahan ayaa ka mid ah deegaannada taariikhiga ah ee ay beesha si xooggan ugu xidhan tahay. Marka laga sii gudbo gudaha magaalada, Abokor Muuse waxay degaan ''Qoolcaday'',''Toon'', magaalada ''Salahley'', iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ilaa ''Ina-Guxaa'', oo ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Ethiopia. Deegaannadan ayaa loo arkaa in ay yihiin laf-dhabarta beesha ee dhulka Somaliland, maadaama ay yihiin goobaha ay ku badan yihiin beelaha reer guuraaga ah iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beesha. Dhinaca kale, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran uga deggan yihiin Dalka Itoobiya , halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan waxaa ka mid ah ''Bisad'', ''Abokor'', ''Egal Addani'', iyo ''Iskoyska'', halka ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin deegaannada u dhow Dooxada ''Galool-Fadhiidh.'' Meelahan ayaa xiriir dhow la leh magaalada Awarre, taas oo ah xarun muhiim ah oo ka tirsan gobolka. Isku soo wada duuboo, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay degaan dhul aad u ballaaran oo ku kala yaalla labada dhinac ee xuduudda Somaliland iyo Itoobiya, iyagoo leh isku xirnaan dhaqan, deegaan, iyo taariikh wadaag ah oo soo jireen ah. ==Clan tree== A summarised clan family tree of the major subclans of Abokor Musa, is presented below: {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) ***'''Abokor''' (Saleiban) ****Salieban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Arralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Wa'eys Osman *************Mahamoud Wais *************Arralleh Wais *************Hussein wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arrale Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Ibrahim Abokor ***********Mohamed Ibrahim ************Jibril Mohamed ************Salah Mohamed *************Osman Salah **************Abokor Osman ***************Hassan Abokor ****************Muuse Hassan ****************Laqshe Hassan ****************Basiralle Hassan ****************Dhimbil Hassan *****************'''Mohammed Dhimbil''' ******************Mucawiye Mohamed (Rer Mucawie) ******************Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) ******************Gulled Mohamed (Rer Guled) ******************Musa Mohamed *******************Adawe Muuse (Rer Adawe) *******************Aden Muuse (Rer Aden) *****************'''Muuse Dhimbil''' ******************Abdalle Muse *******************Muse Abdalle ********************Mahamoud Muuse *********************Shirdon Mohamoud *********************Hildiid Mohamoud **********************Ali Hildiid **********************Geedi Hildiid **********************Hersi Hildiid ********************Abdalleh Muuse *********************Jibirl Abdalle **********************Saeed Jibril ***********************Abdi Said ************************Salah Abdi ************************Roble Abdi **********************Hersi Jibril ***********************Ahmed Hersi ***********************Abdalle Hersi **********************Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil) ***********************Hersi Kalil ***********************Egal Kalil ***********************Wais Kalil ***********************Ali kalil ************************Said Ali ************************Koshin Ali ************************Arale Ali ************************Osman Ali ************************Guled Ali ************************Amare Ali ************************Boqorreh Ali **********************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ***********************Aden Mohamed ************************Benin Aden ************************Nour Aden ************************Ali Aden ************************Adan Aden **********************Abdi Jibril ***********************Ali Abdi ************************Yusuf Ali ************************Mumin Ali ************************Naleye Ali ************************Hussein Ali *************************Abdalle Hussien *************************Mohamed Hussien *************************Nour Hussein *************************Jama Hussien **************************Hassan Jama **************************Aden Jama **************************Guled Jama ***************************Mohamed Guled ***************************Hassan Guled ***********************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ************************Ismail Nour ************************Hersi Nour ************************Gabal Nour ************************Mohamed Nour ***********************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) ************************Naleye Benin ************************Ahmed Benin ************************Hersi Benin ************************Warfa Benin ************************Samter Benin ************************Abdi Benin ************************Fatah Benin ************************Aden Benin ************************Dirie Benin ************************Farah Benin ************************Dahir Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Guled Benin ************************Shirwa Benin ************************Abane Benin ************************Abdille Benin ************************Yusuf Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Roble Benin ************************Osman Benin ***********************Abdille Abdi ************************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) *************************Ismail Gallab *************************Asker Gallab ***********************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ************************Gulled Eiye ************************Sharmake Eiye ***********************Mohamed Abdille ************************Ahmed Mohamed *************************Samter Ahmed *************************Ziyad Ahmed *************************Mayle Ahmed *************************Elmi Ahmed *************************Warfa Ahmed *************************Geedi Ahmed *************************Amanle Ahmed *************************Food Ahmed *************************Roble Ahmed *************************Ainanshe Ahmed *************************Wais Ahmed *************************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **************************Ismail Dhible **************************Barre Dhible *************************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *************************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **************************Derie Gubadleh (Rer Dirie) **************************Boqorre Gubdleh (Rer Boqorreh) ******************'''Ahmed Dhimbil''' ********************Musa Ahmed ********************Osman Ahmed ********************Liban Ahmed *********************Abdi Liban **********************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) **********************Mohammed Abdi ***********************Sarar Mohamed ***********************Ahmed Mohamed **********'''Aden Abokor''' *************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) **************Mahamoud Awal **************Hussien Awal **************Farah Awal **************Abdi Awal *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle ***************Ahmed Abdalle ****************Halas Ahmed (Rer Halas) ****************Egal Ahmed (Rer Egal) ****************Geedi Ahmed (Rer Gheedi) {{tree list/end}} ==Notable figures== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali instrumentalist, vocalist, and poet. * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy during the Ogaden War. *Aden Mohamed Guhad (Aden Walli) – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Suldan Aden S.Farah.S.Omar –Respected traditional holder. *Ugahz Mohamed Abdille Ahmed, a clan elder (Ughaz) and respected traditional figure. * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Suldan Osman Baane –traditional leader * Abdikarem Hikmawi – Is Author, literally scholar and Activist * Mohamed Badel – was a poet, politician, and university lecturer. * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Nadir Yusuf – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Ethiopia * Abwan Harir Osman Guray – Well-known Somali peot * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politiciancurrent mayor of Hargeisa city * Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ugaas) and highly respected traditional leader. * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Hussein Habane - is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} eebpjyxc6kyetkdcjodmjj3vl0x7t3d 0 46766 300927 293923 2026-07-06T20:14:02Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 300927 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lyn Alden.jpg|thumb|Lyn Alden oo la hadlaysa ka qaybgalayaasha [[Bitcoin Conference]] sanadkii 2025 gudaha Venetian Convention Center ee [[Las Vegas, Nevada]].|350x350px]] '''Lyn Alden''' waa [[Maraykan]] [[Investment strategy|xeel-dheere istaraatiijiyada maalgashiga]] ah iyo aasaasaha Lyn Alden Investment Strategy. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa falanqaynteeda dhaqaalaha guud ee saamiyada Maraykanka iyo isbeddellada suuqa caalamiga ah. Waxaa kale oo lagu yaqaannaa falanqaynteeda iyo u doodista Bitcoin, waxayna bare ka ahayd shirka [[Bitcoin Conference]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Bambrough |first=Billy |title=Tesla CEO Elon Musk Confirms Wild Rumors As $37 Trillion ‘Emergency’ Predicted To Blow Up Bitcoin Price |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/digital-assets/2025/07/07/nothing-stops-this-train-37-trillion-emergency-behind-tesla-ceo-elon-musks-america-party-primes-a-bitcoin-price-bombshell/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250710161740/https://www.forbes.com/sites/digital-assets/2025/07/07/nothing-stops-this-train-37-trillion-emergency-behind-tesla-ceo-elon-musks-america-party-primes-a-bitcoin-price-bombshell/ |archive-date=2025-07-10 |access-date=2025-07-14 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> ​ == Shaqada == Alden waxay shaqadeeda guud ku bilowday falanqeeye maalgashi oo diiradda saara [[macroeconomic policy|siyaasadda dhaqaalaha guud]], dareeraha lacagta (liquidity), iyo suuqyada hantida.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-16 |title=Lyn Alden stays optimistic on S&P 500 despite recent market pullbacks - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/lyn-alden-sp-500-market-pullbacks-gold-dollar-19493553.htm |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=mace |first=chris |date=2020-06-15 |title=TSP’s Wildest Week Since March; G Fund Low Yields to Continue |url=https://www.fedweek.com/tsp/tsps-wildest-week-since-march-g-fund-low-yields-to-continue/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=FEDweek |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-10 |title=Rare earth edge gives China stronger hand in US trade tension: Lyn Alden - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/rare-earth-edge-gives-china-stronger-hand-in-us-trade-tension-lyn-alden-19618245.htm |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref> Muddadii ay ku jirtay shaqadeeda, Alden waxay wax ka qortay [[Contrarian investing|istaraatiijiyadaha maalgashiga ee ka duwan kuwa guud]] iyo isbarbardhigga suuqyada casriga ah iyo [[dot-com bubble|xumbadii dot-com]], iyadoo iftiimisay fursadaha ka imaan kara suuqyada soo koraya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faris |first=James |title=A popular investment strategist shares her contrarian strategy with growth stocks as richly valued as in the dot-com bubble — and names 13 of her favorite stocks, ETFs, and commodities to buy now |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/contrarian-investing-stocks-dot-com-bubble-growth-value-emerging-markets-2021-8 |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-10 |title=Structurally bullish on emerging markets, says Lyn Alden Investment Strategy - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/structurally-bullish-on-emerging-markets-says-lyn-alden-investment-strategy-19473653.htm |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-06 |title=Strong fundamentals justify India's market valuations, says Lyn Alden - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/strong-fundamentals-justify-indias-market-valuations-says-lyn-alden-19553527.htm |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref> Faallooyinkeeda iyo falanqaynteeda waxay inta badan khuseeyaan saamaynta [[fiscal deficit|gaabiska miisaaniyadda]], dulsaarka, iyo [[Federal funds rate|siyaasadda Federal Reserve]] ee ku aaddan qiimaynta hantida.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Fear the Fed? History says US stocks will underperform once interest rates fall, a consensus-defying researcher warns |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/stocks-international-market-outlook-economy-interest-rates-federal-reserve-alden-2024-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250317153732/https://www.businessinsider.com/stocks-international-market-outlook-economy-interest-rates-federal-reserve-alden-2024-8 |archive-date=2025-03-17 |access-date=2025-07-14 |work=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> ​Alden waxay adeegsatay weedha "nothing stops this train" (waxba ma joojin karaan tareenkan) si ay u xoojiso [[National debt of the United States|deynta sii kordhaysa ee Maraykanka]] iyadoo muujisay walaac ku saabsan saamaynta ay ku leedahay dhaqaalaha.<ref name=":0" /> ​ == Aragtida ku aaddan Bitcoin == Alden waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay aragtideeda togan ee ku aaddan Bitcoin. Waxay xoojisay saamaynta ay ku leedahay bulshada dhexdeeda ([[network effect]]) iyo sahayda go’an ee lacagtaas inay yihiin arrimo ay aaminsan tahay inay taageerayaan qiimaheeda muddada dheer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lyn Alden on the network effect, Bitcoin and finding undervalued stocks |url=https://www.cmcmarkets.com/en-au/opto/lyn-alden-on-the-network-effect-bitcoin-and-finding-undervalued-stocks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413160729/https://www.cmcmarkets.com/en-au/opto/lyn-alden-on-the-network-effect-bitcoin-and-finding-undervalued-stocks |archive-date=2021-04-13 |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=www.cmcmarkets.com |language=en-AU}}</ref> Alden waxay sheegtay in kasta oo Bitcoin ay leedahay isbeddel qiimo oo muddada gaaban ah, haddana ay u janjeerto inay yeelato "muuqaal isbeddel taariikhi ah." Waxay sheegataa in Bitcoin ay tahay [[Asset classes|nooc hantiyeed]] oo gebi ahaanba cusub oo ku jira "heerka helidda qiimaha" (price discovery phase), sidaas darteedna ay tahay in loo qoondeeyo "kayd qiimo oo soo baxaya."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huang |first=Vicky Ge |title=An engineer-turned global macro investor breaks down why bitcoin is so volatile – and shares 3 reasons why she remains bullish about the digital asset |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/bitcoin-investing-reasons-to-buy-remain-bullish-amid-volatility-alden-2021-1 |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> Alden waxay sidoo kale aaminsan tahay in Bitcoin ay u adeegi karto sidii gaashaan looga gaashaanto [[inflation|sicir-bararka]] iyo hoos u dhaca qiimaha lacagta, iyadoo sheegtay in gaabiska miisaaniyadda Maraykanka iyo midka caalamiga ah iyo ballaarinta dareeraha lacagta ay kordhin karaan kor u kaca qiimaha Bitcoin.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Huang |first=Roger |title=Lyn Alden: Bitcoin’s Price Could Go To $1 Million Amid Lagging CBDCs |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/digital-assets/2024/05/23/lyn-alden-bitcoins-price-could-go-to-1-million-amid-lagging-cbdcs/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709170723/https://www.forbes.com/sites/digital-assets/2024/05/23/lyn-alden-bitcoins-price-could-go-to-1-million-amid-lagging-cbdcs/ |archive-date=2024-07-09 |access-date=2025-07-14 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Poteriaieva |first=Marie |title=Bitcoin And Global Liquidity: How Money Supply Shapes BTC’s Price |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/digital-assets/2025/02/28/bitcoin-and-global-liquidity-how-money-supply-shapes-btcs-price/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250228210247/https://www.forbes.com/sites/digital-assets/2025/02/28/bitcoin-and-global-liquidity-how-money-supply-shapes-btcs-price/ |archive-date=2025-02-28 |access-date=2025-07-14 |work=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Lyn Alden waxay bare ka ahayd shirar badan oo Bitcoin ah.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-04 |title=Jack Dorsey Endorses the Africa Bitcoin Conference |url=https://fox40.com/business/press-releases/ein-presswire/693039073/jack-dorsey-endorses-the-africa-bitcoin-conference/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250608105903/https://fox40.com/business/press-releases/ein-presswire/693039073/jack-dorsey-endorses-the-africa-bitcoin-conference/ |archive-date=2025-06-08 |access-date=2025-07-14 |work=FOX40 News |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> ​ == Buug-yaraanta == Broken Money, 2023, {{ISBN|979-8-9886663-1-8}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broken Money |url=https://www.lynalden.com/broken-money/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250923104004/https://www.lynalden.com/broken-money/ |archive-date=2025-09-23 |access-date=2025-11-14 |work=Lyn Alden |language=en-US}}</ref> ​ ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ​{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alden, Lyn}} jlhmbf01r0s1wn40kfikj6enhduu1lh 0 47547 300926 300846 2026-07-06T16:35:16Z ~2026-34537-45 46057 /* Abtirsiin */ 300926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Muuse Dhimbil | native_name = |image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region3={{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}}||region4={{flagcountry| United States}} | languages = [[Somali language|Somali]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = iyo kuwo kale |region6={{flagcountry| Ethiopia}}}} Beesha '''Muuse Dhimbil'''({{lang-so|Muuse Dhimbil}}, {{lang-en|Muuse Dhimbil}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. <ref>Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.</ref><ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615</ref>Beesha Muuse Dhimbil Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley ilaa Aware.<ref>A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland </ref> ==Hordhac == Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya. ==Abtirsiin== {{Tree list}} *Muuse Dhimbil **Abdale Muse ***Muse Abdale ****Abdalleh Muse *****Jibril Abdalle ******Saeed Jibril *******Abdi Said ********Salah Abdi ********Roble Abdi ******Hersi Jibril *******Ahmed Hersi *******Abdalle Hersi ******Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil) *******Hersi Kalil *******Egal Kalil *******Deria kalil *******Ali kalil ******Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) *******Aden Mohamed ********Benin Aden ********Nour Aden ********Ali Aden ********Adan Aden ******Abdi Jibril *******Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) ********Mumin Ali ********Naleye Ali ********Hussein Ali *********Abdalle Hussien *********Mohamed Hussien *********Nour Hussien *********Jama Hussien **********Hassan Jama **********Aden Jama **********Guled Jama ***********Mohamed Guled ***********Hassan Guled *******Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ********Ismail Nour ********Hersi Nour ********Gabal Nour ********Mohamed Nour *******Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *******Abdille Abdi ********Gallab Abdi (Rer Gallab) *********Ismail Gallab *********Asker Gallab ********Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) *********Guled Eiae *********Sharmake Eiae ********Mohamed Abdille *********Ahmed Mohamed *********Samter Ahmed *********Ziyad Ahmed *********Mayle Ahmed *********Elmi Ahmed *********Warfa Ahmed *********Geedi Ahmed *********Amanle Ahmed *********Food Ahmed *********Roble Ahmed *********Ainanshe Ahmed *********Wais Ahmed *********Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **********Ismail Dhible **********Barre Dhible *********Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *********Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **********Derie Gubadleh **********Boqorre Gubdleh ****Mohamoud Muse *****Shirdon Mohamoud *****Hildiid Mohamoud ******Ali Hildiid ******Geedi Hildiid ******Hersi Hildiid {{tree list/end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Muuse Dhimbil !Magaca ! class="unsortable" |Tirada Qabiilada !Magacyada Qabiilada !Deegaanka !Sharaxaad Kooban |- || '''[[Beeaha Ali Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Mumin Ali *Naleye Ali *Hussien Ali **Abdalle Hussien **Mohamed Hussein **Nour Hussein **Jama Hussien ***Hassan Jama ***Aden Jama ***Guled Jama ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Aware]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[beesha Nuur]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ismail Nour *Gabal Nour *Hersi Nour *Mohamed Nour ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Benin Abdi|beesha Rer Benin]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ahmed Benin *Hersi Benin *Osman Bein *Naleye Ahmed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Abdille Abdi|beesha Abdalle Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Gallab abdille *Eiye Abdille *Mohamed Abdille ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |} ==Notable figures== ===Royalty=== *Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ughaz) and highly respected traditional leader. === Politicians === * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician. * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia ===Military=== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader. *Aden Mohamed Guhad – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Hussein Habane – is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered SomalIi SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship ===Intellectuals=== * Sh Mohamed Ali Geedi – Scholar and Founder of many Schools, which operates and establishes multiple schools across Somaliland and Beder International University. * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Mustafe Ali – is a scholar and lecturer at one of the universities of Pakistan * Dr.Mohamed Ahmed Sulub is the chairman of Hargeisa University. === Journalists=== * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== l6zs6slsahseyzzv3k8cjt4stp6qupc 300946 300926 2026-07-07T02:54:22Z ~2026-34537-45 46057 300946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Muuse Dhimbil | native_name = |image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region3={{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}}||region4={{flagcountry| United States}} | languages = [[Somali language|Somali]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = iyo kuwo kale |region6={{flagcountry| Ethiopia}}}} Beesha '''Muuse Dhimbil'''({{lang-so|Muuse Dhimbil}}, {{lang-en|Muuse Dhimbil}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. <ref>Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.</ref><ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615</ref>Beesha Muuse Dhimbil Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley ilaa Aware.<ref>A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland </ref> ==Hordhac == Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya. ==Abtirsiin== {{Tree list}} *Muuse Dhimbil **Abdale Muse ***Muse Abdale ****Abdalleh Muse *****Jibril Abdalle ******Saeed Jibril *******Abdi Said ********Salah Abdi ********Roble Abdi ******Hersi Jibril *******Ahmed Hersi *******Abdalle Hersi ******Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil) *******Hersi Kalil *******Egal Kalil *******Deria kalil *******Ali kalil ******Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) *******Aden Mohamed ********Benin Aden ********Nour Aden ********Ali Aden ********Adan Aden ******Abdi Jibril *******Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) ********Mumin Ali ********Naleye Ali ********Hussein Ali *********Abdalle Hussien *********Mohamed Hussien *********Nour Hussien *********Jama Hussien **********Hassan Jama **********Aden Jama **********Guled Jama ***********Mohamed Guled ***********Hassan Guled *******Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ********Ismail Nour ********Hersi Nour ********Gabal Nour ********Mohamed Nour *******Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *******Abdille Abdi ********Gallab Abdi (Rer Gallab) *********Ismail Gallab *********Asker Gallab ********Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) *********Guled Eiae *********Sharmake Eiae ********Mohamed Abdille *********Ahmed Mohamed *********Samter Ahmed *********Ziyad Ahmed *********Mayle Ahmed *********Elmi Ahmed *********Warfa Ahmed *********Geedi Ahmed *********Amanle Ahmed *********Food Ahmed *********Roble Ahmed *********Ainanshe Ahmed *********Wais Ahmed *********Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **********Ismail Dhible **********Barre Dhible *********Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *********Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **********Derie Gubadleh **********Boqorre Gubdleh ****Mohamoud Muse *****Shirdon Mohamoud *****Hildiid Mohamoud ******Ali Hildiid ******Geedi Hildiid ******Hersi Hildiid {{tree list/end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Muuse Dhimbil !Magaca ! class="unsortable" |Tirada Qabiilada !Magacyada Qabiilada !Deegaanka !Sharaxaad Kooban |- || '''[[Beeaha Ali Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Mumin Ali *Naleye Ali *Hussien Ali **Abdalle Hussien **Mohamed Hussein **Nour Hussein **Jama Hussien ***Hassan Jama ***Aden Jama ***Guled Jama **Mohamed Guled **Hassan Guled ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Aware]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[beesha Nuur]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ismail Nour *Gabal Nour *Hersi Nour *Mohamed Nour ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Benin Abdi|beesha Rer Benin]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ahmed Benin *Hersi Benin *Osman Bein *Naleye Ahmed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Abdille Abdi|beesha Abdalle Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Gallab abdille *Eiye Abdille *Mohamed Abdille ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |} ==Notable figures== ===Royalty=== *Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ughaz) and highly respected traditional leader. === Politicians === * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician. * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia ===Military=== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader. *Aden Mohamed Guhad – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Hussein Habane – is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered SomalIi SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship ===Intellectuals=== * Sh Mohamed Ali Geedi – Scholar and Founder of many Schools, which operates and establishes multiple schools across Somaliland and Beder International University. * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Mustafe Ali – is a scholar and lecturer at one of the universities of Pakistan * Dr.Mohamed Ahmed Sulub is the chairman of Hargeisa University. === Journalists=== * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== 3bugk985us6jyhfuamabc3atw1spvul 300947 300946 2026-07-07T03:30:25Z ~2026-34537-45 46057 300947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Muuse Dhimbil | native_name = |image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region3={{flagcountry|Turkey}}||region4={{flagcountry| United States}} | languages = [[Somali language|Somali]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = iyo kuwo kale |region6={{flagcountry| Ethiopia}}}} Beesha '''Muuse Dhimbil'''({{lang-so|Muuse Dhimbil}}, {{lang-en|Muuse Dhimbil}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. <ref>Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.</ref><ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615</ref>Beesha Muuse Dhimbil Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley ilaa Aware.<ref>A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland </ref> ==Hordhac == Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya. ==Abtirsiin== {{Tree list}} *Muuse Dhimbil **Abdale Muse ***Muse Abdale ****Abdalleh Muse *****Jibril Abdalle ******Saeed Jibril *******Abdi Said ********Salah Abdi ********Roble Abdi ******Hersi Jibril *******Ahmed Hersi *******Abdalle Hersi ******Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil) *******Hersi Kalil *******Egal Kalil *******Deria kalil *******Ali kalil ******Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) *******Aden Mohamed ********Benin Aden ********Nour Aden ********Ali Aden ********Adan Aden ******Abdi Jibril *******Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) ********Mumin Ali ********Naleye Ali ********Hussein Ali *********Abdalle Hussien *********Mohamed Hussien *********Nour Hussien *********Jama Hussien **********Hassan Jama **********Aden Jama **********Guled Jama ***********Mohamed Guled ***********Hassan Guled *******Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ********Ismail Nour ********Hersi Nour ********Gabal Nour ********Mohamed Nour *******Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *******Abdille Abdi ********Gallab Abdi (Rer Gallab) *********Ismail Gallab *********Asker Gallab ********Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) *********Guled Eiae *********Sharmake Eiae ********Mohamed Abdille *********Ahmed Mohamed *********Samter Ahmed *********Ziyad Ahmed *********Mayle Ahmed *********Elmi Ahmed *********Warfa Ahmed *********Geedi Ahmed *********Amanle Ahmed *********Food Ahmed *********Roble Ahmed *********Ainanshe Ahmed *********Wais Ahmed *********Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **********Ismail Dhible **********Barre Dhible *********Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *********Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **********Derie Gubadleh **********Boqorre Gubdleh ****Mohamoud Muse *****Shirdon Mohamoud *****Hildiid Mohamoud ******Ali Hildiid ******Geedi Hildiid ******Hersi Hildiid {{tree list/end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Muuse Dhimbil !Magaca ! class="unsortable" |Tirada Qabiilada !Magacyada Qabiilada !Deegaanka !Sharaxaad Kooban |- || '''[[Beeaha Ali Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Mumin Ali *Naleye Ali *Hussien Ali **Abdalle Hussien **Mohamed Hussein **Nour Hussein **Jama Hussien ***Hassan Jama ***Aden Jama ***Guled Jama **Mohamed Guled **Hassan Guled ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Aware]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[beesha Nuur]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ismail Nour *Gabal Nour *Hersi Nour *Mohamed Nour ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Benin Abdi|beesha Rer Benin]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ahmed Benin *Hersi Benin *Osman Bein *Naleye Ahmed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Abdille Abdi|beesha Abdalle Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Gallab abdille *Eiye Abdille *Mohamed Abdille ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |} ==Notable figures== ===Royalty=== *Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ughaz) and highly respected traditional leader. === Politicians === * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician. * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia ===Military=== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader. *Aden Mohamed Guhad – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Hussein Habane – is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered SomalIi SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship ===Intellectuals=== * Sh Mohamed Ali Geedi – Scholar and Founder of many Schools, which operates and establishes multiple schools across Somaliland and Beder International University. * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Mustafe Ali – is a scholar and lecturer at one of the universities of Pakistan * Dr.Mohamed Ahmed Sulub is the chairman of Hargeisa University. === Journalists=== * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== 1d7hxzd5kgyu4r6q6wqs9qfq00qogrs 0 47771 300943 299185 2026-07-07T01:16:35Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 300943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--Eeg Jadwalka Infobox Settlement ee dhammaan beeraha iyo sharraxaadaha isticmaalka--> <!-- Macluumaadka aasaasiga ah ----------------> |official_name = Chintheche |other_name = |native_name = <!-- magaalooyinka magacooda asaliga ah aan Ingiriisi ahayn --> |nickname = |settlement_type = <!--Magaalo ama Tuulo--> |motto = <!-- sawirada iyo khariidadaha -----------> |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Malawi |pushpin_mapsize=240 |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Malawi <!-- Goobta ------------------> |subdivision_type = Waddan |subdivision_name = {{flag|Malawi}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Malawi|Gobol]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Northern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Waqooyi]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Malawi|Degmo]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Nkhata Bay District]] |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = <!-- Siyaasadda -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = <!-- La dejiyay --> |established_date = |established_title2 = <!-- La daray (tuulo) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = <!-- La daray (magaalo) --> |established_date3 = <!-- Bedka ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Dadweynaha -----------------------> |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = Qowmiyadaha |population_blank1 = |population_blank2_title = Diimaha |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Macluumaad guud ---------------> |timezone = +2 |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|11|50|00|S|34|10|00|E|region:MW|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes= |elevation_m =482 |elevation_ft =1584 |blank1_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Cimilada]] |blank1_info_sec2 = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]] <!-- Xeerarka boostada & kuwa kale --------> |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Chintheche''' waa degsiimo ku taal [[Nkhata Bay District|Degmada Nkhata Bay]] ee [[Northern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Waqooyi]] ee dalka [[Malawi]]. Waxay ku taal xeebta [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]], waxayna qiyaastii {{convert|40|km|mi}} u jirtaa dhanka koonfureed ee [[Nkhata Bay]]. Magaaladu waxay ku taal wadada weyn (M5) ee u dhexaysa [[Nkhata Bay]] iyo [[Nkhotakota]].<ref name="P191"/><ref name="Go2Africa"/> ==Taariikhda== Magaalada Chintheche waxay ahayd ilaa qiyaastii 1950-kii xarunta degmada Nkhata Bay oo markaas loo yaqaanay West Nyasa. 1970-yadii, xukuumaddii [[Hastings Banda]] waxay qorsheysay in Chintheche loogu horumariyo magaalo cusub oo ay ku noolaadaan 25,000 oo qof, oo leh deked cusub iyo warshad lagu farsameeyo warqadaha. Si loogu diyaariyo horumarka cusub, dadkii degganaa Chintheche ayaa loo [[displaced person|barakiciyay]] gudaha dalka. Mashruucan wuxuu abuuri lahaa shaqooyin kumanaan qof ah, laakiin qayb ahaan ma hirgelin; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadkii barakacay inkasta oo aan si rasmi ah loo ogolayn inay ku soo noqdaan guryahoodii xeebta, haddana waxay dib ugu soo laabteen markii lagu soo noqday dimuqraadiyadda xisbiyada badan horraantii 1990-yadii.<ref name="New development">{{cite book|title=Africa South of the Sahara 2004|access-date=4 August 2008|publisher=[[Routledge]]|author=Taylor & Francis Group|year=2003|isbn=1-85743-183-9|page=g.661 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jj4J-AXGDaQC}}</ref><ref name="No return">{{cite book|author=Drewett, Michael|author2=Cloonan, Martin|title=Popular Music Censorship in Africa|year=2006|isbn=0-7546-5291-2|access-date=5 August 2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aowvjFQod9IC|publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]]|page=g.119}}</ref> ==Fanka iyo dhaqanka== Magaalada Chintheche, oo hore u ahayd xarunta degmada, waa halkii uu ka dhacay [[Lake of Stars Music Festival]] intii u dhaxaysay 2004–2007. Magaalada Chintheche sidoo kale waa xarunta kooxda Park Town Band. Dhaqamada kale ee caanka ah ee deegaanka waxaa ka mid ah Malipenga iyo Chilimika. Sannad kasta Mdawuku wa aTonga waxay u dabaaldegaan dhaqanka dadka Tonga. ==Goobaha lagu raaxaysto iyo adeegyada== Chintheche waxay leedahay baarar, maqaayado, goobo la seexdo, meelo teendhooyin lagu dhigto, suuq wayn iyo goobo lagu iibiyo badeecadaha; inta badan adeegyada magaalada waxay ku yaallaan wadada Chintheche Strip.<ref name="P191">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|year=2007|page=g.191|access-date=4 August 2008|isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary }}</ref><ref name="P192">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC|title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|year=2007|page=g.192|access-date=4 August 2008|isbn=978-1-74059-745-6|last=Murphy|first=Alan|author2=Armstrong, Kate |author3=Firestone, Matthew D. |author4= Fitzpatrick, Mary }}</ref> ===Beero iyo madadaalo=== Degsiimada waxaa sidoo kale loo aqoonsaday inay tahay [[beach town|magaalo xeeb ah]], maadaama ay ku taallo xeebaha [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]], oo ay ku jiraan Xeebaha Chintheche iyo Chigumbuli. Saamaynta isbeddelka cimilada iyo kor u kaca heerka harada ayaa saameynaya xeebaha iyo goobaha la seexdo. Xeebuhu waxay la mid yihiin kuwa laga helo [[Caribbean|Caribbean-ka]], oo leh ciid cad iyo dhir kulaylaha ah.<ref name=david1 group=david>{{cite book|title=Malawi|date=2014|publisher=Davids Been Here|pages=8–15|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RUTyAwAAQBAJ&q=travel+africa|access-date=30 August 2014}}</ref> ==Kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha== Chintheche waxay ku taal wadada laamiga ah ee M5 ee u dhexaysa [[Salima (township)|Salima]] – [[Mzuzu]]. Waxaa u adeega basas yar-yar iyo taaksiyo ka yimaada [[Nkhata Bay]], [[Nkhotakota]] iyo [[Mzuzu]]. Garoonka diyaaradaha ee dhanka galbeedka magaalada ayaa la xiray 1990-meeyadii, haddana waxaa loo isticmaalaa garoonka guriga ee kooxda kubadda cagta ee Chintheche United FC<ref name="P191"/> Waddooyinka kaliya ee laami ah waa M5 iyo qaybta ka tagta M5 ee aada Chintheche Inn. Marka laga reebo taas, inta badan waddooyinka magaalada Chintheche, in kasta oo la mari karo sannadka oo dhan, waa waddooyin boodh ah.<ref name="Go2Africa">{{cite web|url=http://www.go2africa.com/malawi/chintheche|title=Northern Region " Cities and towns " Chintheche|access-date=4 August 2008|publisher=Go2Africa|archive-date=29 Bisha Sideedaad 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829164736/http://www.go2africa.com/malawi/chintheche|url-status=dead}}</ref> Waxaa jira hal saldhig oo boolis ah, isbitaal, xafiis boosto, suuq, dhowr iskuul iyo adeeg biyo. ===Isha=== *Davids Been Here, ''Malawi: Africa County Travel Guide 2014.'' Davids Been Here (2014). ===Xusuusin=== {{reflist|group=david}} ==Tixraacyo kale== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== 5rr51z03lz35ipmvev5c6be6o6dpwuu 0 47772 300942 299186 2026-07-07T01:14:38Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 300942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--Eeg Jadwalka Infobox Settlement ee dhammaan beeraha iyo sharraxaadaha isticmaalka--> <!-- Macluumaadka aasaasiga ah ----------------> |official_name = Chilumba |other_name = |native_name = <!-- magaalooyinka magacooda asaliga ah aan Ingiriisi ahayn --> |nickname = |settlement_type = |motto = <!-- sawirada iyo khariidadaha -----------> |image_skyline = |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Malawi |pushpin_mapsize=200 |pushpin_label_position =top |pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Malawi <!-- Goobta ------------------> |subdivision_type = Waddan |subdivision_name = {{flag|Malawi}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Malawi|Gobol]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Northern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Waqooyi]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Malawi|Degmo]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Karonga District]] |subdivision_type3 = [[Parliament of Malawi|Degmada Baarlamaanka]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Karonga South (Malawi Parliament constituency)|Karonga South]] |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = <!-- Siyaasadda -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = Xildhibaan |leader_name3 = '''Malani Mtonga''' |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = <!-- La dejiyay --> |established_date = |established_title2 = <!-- La daray (tuulo) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = <!-- La daray (magaalo) --> |established_date3 = <!-- Bedka ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Dadweynaha -----------------------> |population_as_of = 2011 <ref name="1R">{{cite web|date=2011 | url=http://www.collinsmaps.com/maps/Malawi/Karonga/Chilumba/P471722.00.aspx |title=Estimated Population of Chilumba, Malawi In 2011 | publisher=Collinsmaps.com |author=Collins Maps | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708175732/http://www.collinsmaps.com/maps/Malawi/Karonga/Chilumba/P471722.00.aspx |access-date=7 May 2020 | archive-date=2011-07-08 |format=Archived from the original on 8 July 2011}}</ref> |population_footnotes = Qiyaas |population_note = |population_total = 5,000 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = Qowmiyadaha |population_blank1 = |population_blank2_title = Diimaha |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Macluumaad guud ---------------> |timezone = +2 |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|10|26|15|S|34|14|51|E|region:MW|display=inline, title}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 487 |elevation_ft = |blank1_name_sec2 = [[Köppen climate classification|Cimilada]] |blank1_info_sec2 = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cwa]] <!-- Xeerarka boostada & kuwa kale --------> |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Chilumba''' waa magaalo ku taal [[Malawi]]. Waa xarun magaalo oo ku taal [[Karonga District|Degmada Karonga]].<ref name="2R">{{google maps| url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/10%C2%B026'15.0%22S+34%C2%B014'51.0%22E/@-10.4387242,34.2436817,613m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-10.4375!4d34.2475 |title=Location of Chilumba, Malawi |access-date=7 May 2020}}</ref> ==Goobta== Chilumba waxay ku taal xeebaha galbeed ee [[Lake Malawi|Harada Malawi]], xagga koonfureed ee [[Karonga District|Degmada Karonga]], ee [[Northern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Waqooyi]] ee Malawi. Goobtan waxay qiyaastii {{convert|73|km|0}} u jirtaa, xagga wadada, dhanka koonfur-bari ee magaalada [[Karonga]], halkaas oo ay ku yaallaan xarunta degmadu.<ref name="3R">{{google maps|access-date=7 May 2020 | |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Karonga,+Malawi/Chilumba,+Malawi/@-10.1952299,33.913919,10.5z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1901851cf67b7815:0xb221a35601574c33!2m2!1d33.9248222!2d-9.952536!1m5!1m1!1s0x19026ecbe45156b7:0x26c055223f01e8d!2m2!1d34.2449384!2d-10.4363667!3e0 |title=Distance Between Karonga And Chilumba In Malawi}}</ref> Chilumba waxay qiyaastii {{convert|154|km|0}} u jirtaa, xagga wadada, dhanka waqooyi ee magaalada [[Mzuzu]], oo ah xarunta Gobolka Waqooyi ee Malawi.<ref name="4R">{{google maps|title=Distance Between Mzuzu And Chilumba In Malawi |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Mzuzu,+Malawi/Chilumba,+Malawi/@-10.9336034,33.4967329,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x191d3a60f10f1269:0xd6716109fdcf70c2!2m2!1d34.0084395!2d-11.4389649!1m5!1m1!1s0x19026ecbe45156b7:0x26c055223f01e8d!2m2!1d34.2449384!2d-10.4363667!3e0 |access-date=7 May 2020}}</ref> Isku-duwayaasha juqraafiyeed ee Chilumba waa: 10°26'15.0"S, 34°14'51.0"E (Latitude:-10.437500; Longitude:34.247500).<ref name="2R"/> Magaaladu waxay ku taallaa dherer celcelis ahaan ah {{convert|487|m|0}}, oo ka sarreeya [[mean sea level|heerka badda]].<ref name="5R">{{cite web|url=http://mw.geoview.info/chilumba,930986 |title=Elevation of Chilumba, Malawi |publisher=Goeview.info |date=7 May 2020 | author=Geoview |access-date=8 May 2020}}</ref> ==Dadweynaha== Sanadkii 2011, dadka ku nool Chilumba waxaa lagu qiyaasay qiyaastii 5,000 oo qof.<ref name="1R"/> ==Dulmar== Qaybta harada ee wajahaysa Chilumba waxaa loo yaqaannaa '''Chilumba Bay'''. Markabka [[MV Ilala]] oo ah [[steamboat|markab uumi]], kaas oo isku xira degsiimooyinka waaweyn ee Harada Malawi, ayaa Chilumba u ah joogsigiisa ugu waqooyi. Marka uu gaaro Chilumba, wuxuu bilaabaa safarkiisa dib ugu noqoshada saldhigiisa ee [[Monkey Bay|Lusumbwe]] oo ku taal [[Southern Region, Malawi|Gobolka Koonfureed]] ee Malawi.<ref name="6R">{{cite web |url=https://changeherworld.ca/our-projects/chilumba-malawi/ |title=Profile of Chilumba, Malawi |publisher=Changeherworld.ca |date=7 May 2020 |author=Change Her World Canada |access-date=7 May 2020 |location=Stratford, Ontario Canada |archive-date=13 Bisha Sideedaad 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813133618/https://changeherworld.ca/our-projects/chilumba-malawi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="7R">{{cite web|title=Malawi: Sixty years of the MV Ilala | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/focus_magazine/news/story/2008/12/081222_malawi_ilala.shtml |date=22 December 2008 |publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] | author=Ruth Evans |access-date=8 May 2020 |location=London}}</ref> Kala duwanaanshaha muuqaalka dhulka ayaa siinaya Chilumba jawi gaar ah oo loogu talagalay kala duwanaanta madadaalada iyo waxqabadyada wax soo saarka. Dhanka harada, waa mid ka mid ah meelaha gaarka ah ee ay ku yaalliin Jasiiradda Chirwa iyo Jasiiradda Chitende, kuwaas oo hoy u ah noocyo badan oo dhir, shimbiro iyo kalluun ah. Jasiiradaha waxaa isticmaala kalluumaysatada sidii goobo ku meel gaar ah oo lagu xiro doonyaha.<ref name="8R">{{cite web| url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Nyasa |author=((The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica)) |title=Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) |date=8 May 2020 |publisher=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] |access-date=8 May 2020}}</ref> Jasiiradda Chirwa wajahaysa waa muuqaal caadi ah oo leh xeeb dhagax ah oo leh biyo qoto dheer oo ku habboon in dhagaxyada laga boodo. Gacanka wajahaya dekedda yar wuxuu leeyahay biyo gacmeed oo loogu talagalay in lagu xiro doonyaha iyo suurtagalnimada in biyo gacmeedka lagu lugeeyo ilaa 50m ka dibna loo dabaasho biyaha qoto dheer ee wajahaya Jasiiradda Chitende iyo buuraha Mphiri. Galbeedka jasiiradda waxaa ku yaal {{convert|3|km|0}} oo ah xeeb ciid saafi ah. Ciiddu waxay u fidsan tahay xagga dhulka qiyaastii {{convert|1|km|0}} waxayna si qurux badan u egtahay saxare ciid madow ah oo ay kala sooceen laba bog. Dhulka sare ee ka fog harada waa dhul beereed tayo leh oo la isticmaali jiray 1980-meeyadii ilaa horraantii 1990-meeyadii sidii mashruuc lagu kala duwanaanayo soo saarista miraha hadhuudhka. Ka dambeeya waxaa ku yaal xudduud dabiici ah oo kaydka kaynta ah oo u fidsan harada iyada oo loo marayo buuraha Mphiri ilaa waqooyi, taas oo ku habboon fuulista fardaha.<ref name="3R"/> ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} 87o6ek2gyj0mvzm46jyw1ge9ak9qjzp 0 48161 300944 299801 2026-07-07T01:36:56Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 300944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Debeerspruit | name_other = De Beersspruit | subdivision_type1 = Waddan | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Koonfur Afrika}} | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Free State]] | subdivision_type3 = Degmada maamulka | subdivision_name3 = [[Thabo Mofutsanyana District Municipality|Thabo Mofutsanyana]] | subdivision_type4 = Degmooyinka maxalliga ah | subdivision_name4 = [[Setsoto Local Municipality|Setsoto]], [[Dihlabeng Local Municipality|Dihlabeng]] | length = qiyaastii 24 km {{Citation needed|reason=Dhererka qiyaasta ah; ilaa xog la helayo.|date=Sebtembar 2025}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|28|09|52|S|27|44|55|E|region:ZA-FS|display=inline}} | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|28|21|34.3|S|27|52|10.8|E|region:ZA-FS|display=inline}} | river_system = [[Wabiga Orange]] | map = South Africa Free State location map.svg | map_caption = Goobta Debeerspruit ee Free State | pushpin_map = South Africa Free State | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta afka wabiga ee Free State }} '''Debeerspruit''' waa durdur yar oo ku yaal bartamaha gudaha [[Free State (province)|Free State]], Koonfur Afrika. Magaca ''Debeerspruit'' wuxuu ka muuqdaa Getamap.net,.<ref>{{cite web |title=Debeerspruit, Free State, South Africa |url=https://www.getamap.net/maps/south_africa/free_state/_debeerspruit/ |website=Getamap.net |access-date=31 Luulyo 2025}}</ref> waxaana sidoo kale liis gareeyay GeoNames.org.<ref name="gn1011592">{{cite web |title=Debeerspruit |url=https://www.geonames.org/1011592/debeerspruit.html |publisher=GeoNames |access-date=31 Luulyo 2025}}</ref> Wuxuu qayb ka yahay [[Wabiga Orange]] watershed waana laan ka mid ah [[Sand River (Free State)]], kaas oo quudiya [[Wabiga Vaal]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Saamaynta Waraabka ee Laamaha Sand River |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/196546504.pdf |access-date=31 Luulyo 2025}}</ref> == Juqraafi == Debeerspruit wuxuu u qulqulaa meel u dhow magaalada [[Senekal]], oo ku taal waqooyiga wadada durdurka. Waa muuqaal la aqoonsan karo oo ku yaal khariidadaha maxalliga ah iyo gudaha aagagga beeralayda ee ku xeeran. Waddada [[N5 road (South Africa)|N5 road]] (ku xirta Senekal iyo [[Paul Roux]]) ayaa ka tallaabta Debeerspruit waxayna u adeegtaa sidii waddo muhiim u ah gobolka. Durdurku wuxuu ka bilaawdaa meel u dhow {{coord|28|09|52|S|27|44|55|E|display=inline,title}} / (-28.164813, 27.749059), gudaha [[Setsoto Local Municipality]], meel jooggeedu yahay qiyaastii 1,472 mitir (4,829 ft). Ilaha ka soo bilaawda, wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfur-bari, isagoo maraya dhul baadiye ah oo u dhexeeya [[Arlington, Free State|Arlington]] iyo Senekal, wuxuuna ku sii jeedaa [[Rosendal, Free State|Rosendal]]. Wuxuu galaa [[Dihlabeng Local Municipality]] agagaarka {{coord|28|21|34.3|S|27|52|10.8|E|display=inline}}. Calaamad waddo oo ku taal isgoyska ayaa si fudud u qorta "De Beer", oo u badan qaab la soo gaabiyay oo ah "Debeerspruit", maadaama muuqaalka dhow iyo macnaha khariidadda ay ka dhigayaan magaca buuxa mid aan loo baahnayn. Calaamadan ayaa laga arki karaa Google Street View oo ku taal N5 u dhaxaysa Senekal iyo Paul Roux.<ref>{{cite web |title=Street View image of Debeerspruit sign on the N5 road |url=https://www.google.com/maps/@-28.3110262,27.8658155,3a,75y,283.72h,89.25t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1soQUgXBIzUi78SbWouWMBEQ!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fcb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile%26w%3D900%26h%3D600%26pitch%3D0.7487406615950221%26panoid%3DoQUgXBIzUi78SbWouWMBEQ%26yaw%3D283.7243235893598!7i16384!8i8192 |website=Google Maps |access-date=31 Luulyo 2025}}</ref> == Biyo-baxa == Debeerspruit wuxuu ka go'aa Sand River, oo ah laan ka mid ah [[Wabiga Vaal]], oo qayb ka ah nidaamka [[Wabiga Orange]], oo ah webiga ugu weyn Koonfur Afrika. Durdurku wuxuu ku dhacaa gudaha Orange–Senqu River Basin, kaas oo ay maamusho Orange–Senqu River Commission (ORASECOM) si loo taageero isticmaalka caddaaladda iyo waara ee kheyraadka biyaha ee la wadaago.<ref>{{cite web |title=About ORASECOM |url=https://orasecom.org/about-us/ |access-date=6 Ogosto 2025}}</ref> == Muhiimadda == In kasta oo uu yar yahay, Debeerspruit wuxuu gacan ka geystaa biyaha beeraha maxalliga ah wuxuuna ku dhacaa gudaha [[Upper Orange Water Management Area]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Upper Orange Water Management Area Overview |url=https://www.dws.gov.za/Documents/Other/WMA/13/OrangeOverarchingISPFeb04chap2.pdf |publisher=Department of Water Affairs and Forestry |access-date=31 Luulyo 2025 |archive-date=2026-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260426093905/https://www.dws.gov.za/Documents/Other/WMA/13/OrangeOverarchingISPFeb04chap2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Durdurka ayaa sidoo kale lagu xusay ilo taariikhi ah iyo kuwo gobol ah, oo ay ku jiraan "A History of the Batswana and Origin of Certain Customs" (bogga 357)<ref>{{cite book |title=A History of the Batswana and Origin of Certain Customs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x89BAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Debeerspruit%22%20-wikipedia |page=357 |author=Motsamai Mpho |publisher=Longman Botswana |year=1980 | isbn=978-0-620-13969-4 }}</ref> iyo "The War Letters of an English Burgher" (bogga 11),<ref>{{cite book |title=The War Letters of an English Burgher |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N_4vAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Debeerspruit%22+-wikipedia |author=Ferrar Reginald Mostyn Cleaver |page=11 |year=1903 |publisher=Longmans, Green}}</ref> oo uu qoray Ferrar Reginald Mostyn Cleaver (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Reggie Cleaver). Cleaver wuxuu ku dhashay beer ku taal Zuringkrans meel u dhow Debeerspruit<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/28%C2%B018'28.7%22S+27%C2%B051'50.1%22E/@-28.3078601,27.8615071,697m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m13!1m8!3m7!1s0x1e926bb6f28305bd:0x8b22b167831e36c!2sSenekal!3b1!8m2!3d-28.3196962!4d27.6214575!16zL20vMDRfdDI1 Google Maps]</ref> waxaana markii dambe loo haystay maxbuus Boer ah oo ku sugnaa xero lagu hayo dadka [[Diyatalawa]] ee Ceylon, halkaas oo uu ku dhintay 1900. Intaa waxaa dheer, Debeerspruit waxaa lagu qoray ilo juqraafiyeed rasmi ah sida Amptelike plekname in die Unie en Suidwes-Afrika (bogga 89), kaas oo bixiya magacyo rasmi ah oo ku yaal Koonfur Afrika.<ref>{{cite book |title=Amptelike plekname in die Unie en Suidwes-Afrika |date=1951 |page=89 |publisher=Government Printer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fLs5AQAAIAAJ&q=%22Debeerspruit%22+-wikipedia}}</ref> == Etymology (Asalka Magaca) == Magaca Debeerspruit wuxuu ka samaysan yahay "[[De Beer]]," kaas oo ah magac qoys oo caadi ah oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Holland, iyo "spruit", oo macnaheedu yahay "durdur" ama "badi" oo afka Afrikaans ah. Isticmaalka labada qaybood ee isla socda—De Beer iyo spruit—waxaa loo fahmi karaa "Durdurkii De Beer." Ma jiraan magacyo kale oo rasmi ah oo loo diiwaan geliyay durdurka, inkasta oo kala duwanaansho sida “De Beer Spruit” ama “De Beer se spruit” ay ka soo muuqan karaan adeegsiga aan rasmiga ahayn ama kan maxalliga ah, gaar ahaan hadalka Afrikaans. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} odqyzqffps4yb08btmdrsvf11q65pcr 0 48518 300950 300839 2026-07-07T04:55:14Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 300950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Matlabas | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = {{ubl |Mothlabatsi |Matlabasrivier }} | name_etymology = Waxay ka dhigan tahay "webi ciid leh" ee [[Tswana language|luqadda Tswana]]<ref>[http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf Transvaal Indigenous Place Names] {{Wayback|url=http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |date=20081031094929 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031094929/http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |date=2008-10-31 }}</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Matlaba river - panoramio.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 8 | mapframe-point = none | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu ku yaal afka Webiga Matlabas <!---------------------- LOCATION -->| subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Limpopo Province|Limpopo]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = 161 kilometres | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Waterberg Massif]] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = {{convert|1700|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]], Xadka Koonfur Afrika/[[Botswana]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|23|41|45|S|26|59|53|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|844|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|3448|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = | length_metric = }} '''Webiga Matlabas''' waa webi ku yaal gobolka [[Limpopo Province|Limpopo]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waa laan ka tirsan [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]]. Dooxada ururinta biyaha ee webigu waxay ka kooban tahay 3,448 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin]</ref> Gidigiis aagga ururinta biyaha ee webiga wuxuu ku yaallaa gudaha [[Waterberg District Municipality|Degmada Waterberg]]. ==Marinka== Matlabas wuxuu ka unkamaa qaybta galbeed ee [[Waterberg Massif]] oo ku dhex taal aagga [[Marakele National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Marakele]].<ref>[http://www.marakelepark.co.za/parks.php?id=3 The Marakele Contractual National Park] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marakelepark.co.za/parks.php?id=3 |date=20091015042955 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015042955/http://www.marakelepark.co.za/parks.php?id=3 |date=2009-10-15 }}</ref> Ka dib marka uu ka soo baxo buuraha wuxuu guud ahaan u qulqulaa dhanka waqooyi-galbeed isagoo dhex mara [[Lowveld]] ilaa uu kula biiro bangiga midig ee Webiga Limpopo. In kasta oo uu yahay webi joogto ah, Matlabas wuxuu si weyn ugu xiran yahay isbeddellada xilliyada, sidaas darteed [[surface runoff|biyo-shubankiisa guud]] waa mid aad u isbedbeddela.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Waterberg District Environmental Management Network |url=http://www.metrogis.co.za/docs/WDEMF_Draft_EMF_Report_SectionA.pdf |access-date=2026-07-03 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035434/http://www.metrogis.co.za/docs/WDEMF_Draft_EMF_Report_SectionA.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Laantiisa ugu weyn waa [[Mamba River|Webiga Mamba]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA1Limpopo.jpg Limpopo WMA 1]</ref> == Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *{{commonscat inline}} *[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/xtra/Water_Quality_Situation_Assessments.pdf Water Resource Quality Situation Assessment] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120409120544/http://www.travel-informed.co.za/limpopo-lephalale.html South Africa: Limpopo: Lephalale] 7rcb3i8aavkhuk763aygjagukysfx54 0 48556 300888 2026-07-06T14:39:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ohrigstad | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Ohrigstad <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Mpumalanga]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Olifants River (Limpopo)|Webiga Olifants]] | mouth_location = [[Mpumalanga]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|25|01|41|S|30|39|22|E|type:river}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Ohrigstad'''<ref name = "gn968419">[https://www.geonames.org/968419/ohrigstadrivier.html Khariidadda Webiga Ohrigstad ee Geonames.org (cc-by)]</ref> wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Mpumalanga]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Webiga Ohrigstad wuxuu ku biiraa [[Blyde River|Webiga Blyde]] oo ku yaal [[Blyderivierpoort Dam|Biyo-xireenka Blyderivierpoort]] ee gudaha [[Blyde River Canyon Nature Reserve|Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Dooxada Webiga Blyde]]. Sida Blyde, wuxuu asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa joog dhan 2,000 m oo dhinaca koonfureed ah, oo ku taal xadka aagga ilaalinta [[Hartebeesvlakte]], laakiin wuxuu raacaa koorso galbeed ka sii xigta. == Biyo-xireennada Webiga == * [[Ohrigstad Dam|Biyo-xireenka Ohrigstad]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} fhq6bxlizh22dn7aktqzlf7wuxhi2zo 0 48557 300889 2026-07-06T14:41:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | mapframe = yes | image = {{Location map|South Africa Eastern Cape | label = Saalboom River|position=bottom|lat=-30.95|long=27.45}} | pushpin_map_caption = Saalboomrivier (Eastern Cape) | name = Webiga Saalboom | country = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | state = [[Eastern Cape]] | district = [[Joe Gqabi District Municipality|Joe Gqabi]] | municipality = [[Senqu Local Municipality|Senqu]] | state_type = Gobolka | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Kraai River|Webiga Kraai]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates= {{Coord|-30.95|27.45|name=Saalboomrivier}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1637|m|abbr=on}} | progression = Saalboom→ Kraai→ Orange }} '''Webiga Saalboom''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Saalboomrivier ama Saalboom Spruit) waa webi ku yaal [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waa laan ka mid ah [[Kraai River|Webiga Kraai]], kaas oo ah laan ka mid ah [[Orange River|Webiga Orange]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=GeoNames.org |url=https://www.geonames.org/958491/saalboomrivier.html |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=www.geonames.org}}</ref> Wuxuu ku yaal gobolka [[Eastern Cape]], qaybta dhexe ee dalka, {{convert|750|km}} koonfur ka xiga caasimadda [[Pretoria]].<ref>https://sites.google.com/site/saplacenames/south-africa/s</ref><ref>https://www.mindat.org/loc-56866.html</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} aq62rukwnmm5h9b6kanalmtrw2dfcn7 0 48558 300890 2026-07-06T14:43:39Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Sabie | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Laga soo qaatay erayga 'ciid' ee [[Luqadda Tsonga|luqadda Tsonga]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Qaamuuska Magacyada Goobaha Koonfur Afrika|date=1987|last=Raper|first=P.E.|url=https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt}}</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->| image = Sabie River east of Skukuza 1.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Sabie oo bari ka xiga [[Skukuza]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]], [[Mozambique]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Mpumalanga]], [[Maputo Province|Gobolka Maputo]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|0|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Mount Anderson (South Africa)|Mount Anderson]], [[Lydenburg]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = {{convert|1100|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Komati River|Webiga Komati]] | mouth_location = [[Maputo Province|Gobolka Maputo]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|25|19|52|S|32|17|50|E|display=inline}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Komati River|Webiga Komati]] | basin_size = | tributaries_left = [[Sand River (Mpumalanga)|Webiga Sand]] | tributaries_right = Mac Mac <br />[[Marite River|Webiga Marite]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Sabie'''<ref name="SabieRiver">[https://openstreetmap.org/browse/way/23380523 Way: Webiga Sabie (23380523)]</ref><ref name=eco505>Nidaamka Webiga Sabie-Sand</ref> waa webi ku yaal [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] oo qayb ka ah Nidaamka [[Komati River|Webiga Komati]].<ref>Inkomati WMA 5</ref> Aagga uu biyaha ka ururiyo nidaamka Sabie-[[Sand River (Mpumalanga)|Sand]] waa 6,320&nbsp;km². Sabie waa mid ka mid ah webiyada ugu kala duwan noolaha Koonfur Afrika, iyadoo guud ahaan ay biyuhu yihiin kuwo tayo leh. ==Koorsada== Wuxuu ka unkamaa [[Drakensberg|Drakensberg]] escarpment ee gobolka [[Mpumalanga]], isagoo u qulqula bari dhinaca [[lowveld|lowveld]]. Wuxuu ka gudbaa ballaca [[Kruger National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Kruger]] ka hor inta uusan goyn xadka Lebombo ee galaya [[Mozambique]]. Qiyaastii 40&nbsp;km oo ka fog [[Moamba District|Degmada Moamba]] wuxuu galaa [[Corumana Dam|Biyo-xireenka Corumana]] ka hor inta uusan ugu dambeyntii ku biirin [[Komati River|Webiga Komati]]. Degmooyinka ku yaal bangigiisa waxaa ka mid ah [[Sabie]], [[Hazyview]], [[Skukuza]] iyo [[Lower Sabie]]. [[File:Komati.png|thumb|Webiga Sabie oo ku yaal biya-ururinta [[Komati River|Komati]] (bartamaha)]] ==Laamaha== Laamaha Sabie waxaa ka mid ah: *[[Klein Sabie River|Webiga Klein Sabie]] *[[Mac Mac River|Webiga Mac Mac]] *[[Marite River|Webiga Marite]], laantiisu waa: **[[Ngwaritsana River|Webiga Ngwaritsana]] *[[Motitse River|Webiga Motitse]] *[[Mhlambanyatsi River|Webiga Mhlambanyatsi]] (gudaha [[Kruger National Park|Beerta Kruger]]) *[[N'waswitshaka River|Webiga N'waswitshaka]] (ee Skukuza) *[[N'watindlopfu Spruit|Webiga N'watindlopfu]] (gudaha Beerta Kruger) *[[N'watinwambu River|Webiga N'watinwambu]] (gudaha Beerta Kruger) *[[Sabane River|Webiga Sabane]] *[[Sand River (Mpumalanga)|Webiga Sand]] (gudaha Beerta Kruger) ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{Commons category|Sabie River, South Africa|Webiga Sabie}} 4pnrjk2o3l3wfy9k9r60dx2b8azdkfj 0 48559 300891 2026-07-06T14:45:39Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Storms | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Tsitsikamma Park.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = Afka Webiga Storms ee [[Tsitsikamma National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Tsitsikamma]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = {{RSA}} | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Eastern Cape]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Degmada | subdivision_name5 = [[Kou-Kamma Local Municipality]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = _ | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Eastern Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|34|01|15|S|23|54|10|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Storms''' ({{langx|af|Stormsrivier}}) waa webi ku yaal gobolka [[Eastern Cape]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Afka webiga wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Tsitsikamma National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Tsitsikamma]].<ref name="PlanetWare 2018"/> [[Otter Trail|Wadada Otter]] oo qaadata 5 maalmood waxay ka bilaabataa afka Webiga Storms. == Tixraac == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="PlanetWare 2018">{{cite web | title=12 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in the Eastern Cape | website=PlanetWare | date=20 February 2018 | url=https://www.planetware.com/tourist-attractions-/eastern-cape-saf-ec-ec.htm | access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref> }} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} 9zm5i21k0s5er97dthvt4um5yzsqvjj 0 48560 300892 2026-07-06T14:48:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = !Khukaǁgamma <br/> Webiga Sundays | native_name_lang = | name_other = ''Sondagsrivier'' | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 6 | mapframe-point = none | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta afka Webiga Sundays <!---------------------- LOCATION -->| subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobolka | subdivision_name3 = [[Eastern Cape]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|250|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Sneeuberge]] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Algoa Bay]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|33|42|53|S|25|50|54|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = | name_native = | native_name = }} '''!Khukaǁgamma''' ama '''Webiga Sundays''' ({{langx|af|Sondagsrivier}}) waa [[webi]] ku yaal gobolka [[Eastern Cape Province|Eastern Cape]] ee Koonfur Afrika. Waxaa la sheegaa inuu yahay webiga ugu socodka dheereeya dalka. Dadka [[Inqua Khoi people|Inqua Khoi]], oo taariikh ahaan ahaa kooxda ugu taajirsan Koonfurta Afrika, ayaa markii hore u bixiyay webigan magaca {{Langx|naq|!Khukaǁgamma|lit=biyaha leh ruuxa barwaaqada|label=none}} sababtoo ah bangiyada webiga ayaa mar walba ah cagaar iyo caws leh inkastoo uu maro dhul oomane ah. Waqtigan xaadirka ah webigani waa qayb ka mid ah [[Fish to Tsitsikamma Water Management Area|Aagga Maamulka Biyaha ee Fish ilaa Tsitsikamma]]. ==Koorsada== Isha Webiga Sundays ee dhererkiisu yahay {{Convert|250|km}} waxay ku taal [[Sneeuberge]] (silsiladda buuraha ugu sarreeya ee gobolkii hore ee [[Cape Province]]) agagaarka [[Nieu-Bethesda]]. Webigu wuxuu markaa u qulqulaa dhinaca guud ee Koonfur/Koonfur-bari, isagoo maraya magaalada [[Graaff-Reinet]] ee [[Karoo]] ka hor inta uusan dhex marin [[Zuurberg Mountains|Buuraha Zuurberg]] ka dibna uu maro [[Kirkwood, Eastern Cape|Kirkwood]] iyo Addo oo ku yaal [[Sundays River Valley|Dooxada Webiga Sundays]] ee barwaaqada ah.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA15FishTsitsikamma.jpg Fish to Tsitsikamma WMA 15]</ref> Wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] oo ku taal [[Algoa Bay]] ka dib markii uu maro tuulada [[Colchester, Eastern Cape|Colchester]], 40&nbsp;km dhanka bari ka xiga magaalada [[Gqeberha]].<ref>[http://travelingluck.com/Africa/South%20Africa/Eastern%20Cape/_954109_Sondagsrivier.html#local_map Sondagsrivier, Eastern Cape, Koonfur Afrika]</ref> ;Biyo-xireennada * [[Darlington Dam|Biyo-xireenka Darlington]] oo ku yaal [[Addo Elephant National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Addo Elephant]] * [[Nqweba Dam|Biyo-xireenka Nqweba]] oo ku yaal [[Camdeboo National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Camdeboo]] ee [[Graaff-Reinet]] ==Qorshaha Kanaalka Webiga Fish-Sundays== Qorshaha Kanaalka [[Fish River, Eastern Cape|Webiga Fish]]-Webiga Sundays wuxuu ka kooban yahay nidaam [[canal|kanaal]] iyo [[tunnel|tunnel]] kaas oo sahay u ah biyaha laga keeno [[Orange River|Webiga Orange]] ilaa dooxada [[Great Fish River|Webiga Great Fish]] ka dibna loo sii wado [[Sundays River Valley|Dooxada Webiga Sundays]] si loogu kordhiyo biyaha jira ee Eastern Cape. Tan iyo 1992-kii biyaha ka imanaya Dooxada Webiga Sundays waxaa loo qaybiyay Gqeberha.<ref>[http://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/Mid_Orange/fish-sun.htm Waaxda Biyaha - Fish-Sundays]</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} evv8salts8rgxfr9rr95o6kfherzpti 0 48561 300893 2026-07-06T14:50:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Tamboti | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobolka | subdivision_name3 = [[Limpopo]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|23.230725|S|27.720097|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Tamboti''' waa [[webi]] ku yaal Gobolka [[Limpopo]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waa laan ka mid ah dhanka midig ee [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]] oo dheer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2006 |title=Warbixinta Xaaladda Webiyada |url=https://www.dws.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/limpopo/mokolo_06.pdf |access-date=December 3, 2025}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} cguqi0re1xwu801biwznkcj7smns0fo 300957 300893 2026-07-07T04:58:53Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 300957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Tamboti | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobolka | subdivision_name3 = [[Limpopo]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|23.230725|S|27.720097|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Tamboti''' waa [[webi]] ku yaal Gobolka [[Limpopo]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waa laan ka mid ah dhanka midig ee [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]] oo dheer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2006 |title=Warbixinta Xaaladda Webiyada |url=https://www.dws.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/limpopo/mokolo_06.pdf |access-date=December 3, 2025 |archive-date=Bisha Koobaad 6, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106134430/https://www.dws.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/limpopo/mokolo_06.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} bjbn3cnaugbut0zgvufq5pxry4nhzll 0 48562 300894 2026-07-06T14:52:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Timbavati | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Timbavati River (16691140904).jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobolka | subdivision_name3 = [[Mpumalanga]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Acornhoek]], [[Mpumalanga]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|24|35|45|S|31|7|29|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = Isdhexgalka [[Olifants River (Limpopo)|Webiga Olifants]], [[Mpumalanga]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|24|3|18|S|31|40|39|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Timbavati''' waa [[webi]] ku yaal gobolka [[Mpumalanga]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Wuxuu inta badan ka qulqulaa [[Kruger National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Kruger]] ka dib markii uu galo Beerta oo ku dhow Maroela Caravan Camp {{coord|24|27|20|S|31|23|53|E}} oo u dhow Orpen Rest Camp. Waa laan ka mid ah [[Olifants River (Limpopo)|Webiga Olifants]] waxaana isdhexgalkoodu yahay {{coord|24|3|18|S|31|40|49|E}}. <gallery mode=packed heights=150> File:Elephant (Loxodonta africana) in Timbavati riverbed (17317498556).jpg|[[African bush elephant|Maroodi]] ku sugan sariirta webiga File:Saddle-billed Storks (Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis) couple in Timbavati riverbed (17173146907).jpg|Lammaane [[Saddle-billed stork]] ah oo ku sugan sariirta webiga </gallery> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} 562psx3gquh771rtcvl8qlsfn3xmwij 0 48563 300895 2026-07-06T14:54:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Touws | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Touwsrivier | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Western Cape]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalada | subdivision_name5 = [[Touws River (town)|Touws River]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->| length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Matroosberg]] | source1_location = [[Hex River Mountains|Buuraha Hex River]] | source1_coordinates = {{coord|33|21|S|19|38|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1300|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Groot River (Southern Cape)|Webiga Groot]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|33|44|12|S|21|10|55|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|239|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-length_km = 100 | mapframe-stroke-color = #4271ae }} '''Webiga Touws''' ({{langx|af|Touwsrivier}}) waa webi ku yaal gobolka [[Western Cape]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waa laan ka mid ah [[Groot River (Southern Cape)|Webiga Groot]], qayb ka mid ah barkadda [[Gourits River|Webiga Gourits]]. ==Magaca== Magaca "Touws" wuxuu ka soo jeedaa eray [[Khoekhoe language|Khoi]] ah oo loola jeedo dambas, kaas oo sidoo kale loo adeegsan jiray "geedaha dambaska" ee deegaanka (''[[Salsola aphylla]]''). Ma cadda in magacu asal ahaan loola jeeday geedaha, ama midabka webiga (taariikh ahaan, webiga Touws waxaa mararka qaarkood loo yiqiin "webiga dambaska"). Waxa kale oo uu magacaas siiyay magaalada [[Touws River (town)|Touws River]], taas oo ku taal qaybaha sare ee webigan.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050321224648/http://www.tanap.net/content/activities/documents/resolutions_Cape_of_Good_Hope/introduction_english/38.htm Etymology of Touws river]</ref> ==Koorsada== Isha webigu waxay ku taal [[Matroosberg]], [[Hex River Mountains|Buuraha Hex River]], agagaarka magaalada [[De Doorns]]. Qaybta sare ee koorsadiisa waxaa loo yaqaanaa Smalblaar iyo {{Not a typo|Donkies}}. Wuxuu u qulqulaa dhanka koonfur-bari, isagoo maraya magaalada [[Touws River (town)|Touws River]], wuxuuna ku biiraa bangiga midig ee Webiga Groot ka dib markii uu si kooban u soo jeedsado dhinaca koonfureed.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA16Gouritz.jpg Gouritz WMA 16]</ref> Laamihiisa waxaa ka mid ah Brand, Kalee, Brak, Slang iyo Kruis; dhammaantood waa webiyo yaryar. Touws waa qayb ka mid ah [[Gouritz Water Management Area|Aagga Maamulka Biyaha ee Gouritz]] waxayna ku dhex jirtaa nidaamka dheecaanka J. ==Biyo-xireennada== *[[Verkeerdevlei Dam|Biyo-xireenka Verkeerdevlei]] (awoodda {{convert|5500000|m3}}) == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.zandvleitrust.org.za/art-bloutoring%20farm%20nov%202008.html Bloutoring Farm, Touws River / aagga Montagu] {{Authority control}} 38pfw5sla082q0wbj59s1el23bk6ezb 0 48564 300896 2026-07-06T14:57:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Wilge | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Laga soo qaatay ''wilg'', oo ah erayga '[[willow]]' (geedka safsaafka) ee [[Luqadda Afrikaans|Afrikaans]]<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Qaamuuska Magacyada Goobaha Koonfur Afrika]</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Wilgerivier, Harrismith, stroomop.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga oo u dhow [[Harrismith]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Wilge <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobolka | subdivision_name3 = [[Free State (South African province)|Free State]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Drakensberg]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|2040|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Vaal River|Webiga Vaal]] | mouth_location = [[Vaal Dam|Vaal Dam]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|27|8|30|S|28|23|6|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1499|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = Nuwejaarspruit, [[Elands River (Wilge)|Webiga Elands]], Liebenbergsvlei | tributaries_right = [[Meul River|Webiga Meul]], [[Cornelis River|Webiga Cornelis]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Wilge''' ({{langx|af|Wilgerivier}}, oo macnaheedu yahay "webiga willow") waa [[tributary|laan]] ka mid ah [[Vaal River|Webiga Vaal]] ee bartamaha [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Webigani waa muhiim maadaama uu qayb ka yahay [[Tugela Vaal Transfer Scheme|Qorshaha Wareejinta Biyaha ee Tugela-Vaal]] halkaas oo biyaha laga wareejiyo [[Thukela River|Webiga Tugela]] ilaa barkadda [[Vaal River|Webiga Vaal]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/thukela/Background.htm Mashruuca Biyaha ee Tugela-Vaal]</ref> Kalluunka [[largemouth yellowfish]] ayaa laga helaa biyaha Webiga Wilge, wuxuuna gaaraa cabbir aad u weyn.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.presentafly.com/blog/9-5kg-giant-largemouth-yellowfish-caught-in-the-wilge-river-with-a-5wt-fly-rod |title=9.5kg Giant Largemouth Yellowfish oo lagu qabtay Webiga Wilge oo leh 5wt fly rod |access-date=2012-04-07}}</ref> ==Koorsada== Ishiisu waxay qiyaastii 50&nbsp;km waqooyi-bari ka xigtaa [[Harrismith]], xadka [[KwaZulu-Natal]]. Qaybta sare ee webiga wuxuu u qulqulaa si qiyaas ahaan ah koonfur-galbeed isagoo ka imanaya ishiisa, ka dibna wuxuu u qulqulaa galbeed iyadoo uu u janjeerayo waqooyiga dhinaca Harrismith, isagoo maraya dhinaca koonfureed ee [[Platberg]] halkaas oo ay ku taal isdhexgalka [[Nuwejaarspruit]] ee dhinaca bidix. Dhinaca waqooyi ee dheeraadka ah, [[Elands River (Wilge)|Webiga Elands]] wuxuu ku biiraa bangigiisa bidix. Ka dib [[Meul River|Webiga Meul]] iyo [[Cornelis River|Webiga Cornelis]] waxay ku biiraan bangigiisa midig. Wuxuu sii wadaa qulqulka jihada NNW, isagoo ay ku soo biirayaan [[Liebenbergsvlei River|Webiga Liebenbergsvlei]] oo ka imanaya dhinaca bidix, isagoo maraya agagaarka [[Frankfort, Free State|Frankfort]] oo u qulqulaya waqooyi-galbeed ilaa uu ugu dambeyntii kaga biiro Vaal oo ku yaal [[Vaal Dam|Vaal Dam]] dhanka hoose ee webiga.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA8UpperVaal.jpg Upper Vaal WMA 8]</ref> ==Biyo-xireennada ku yaal barkaddiisa== *[[Sterkfontein Dam|Biyo-xireenka Sterkfontein]] iyo [[Driekloof Dam|Biyo-xireenka Driekloof]], oo ku yaal Nuwejaarspruit - Sterkfontein waa biyo-xireenka saddexaad ee ugu weyn Koonfur Afrika. Ficil ahaan dhammaan biyaha uu hayo waxaa laga soo bamgareeyaa escarpment-ka KwaZulu-Natal. Waxaa la dhisay ka hor inta aan la horumarin [[Lesotho Highlands Water Project|Mashruuca Biyaha ee Lesotho Highlands]], tani waxay ahayd il muhiim u ah biyaha [[Gauteng]]. *[[Fika-Patso Dam|Biyo-xireenka Fika-Patso]], oo ku yaal [[Namahadi River|Webiga Namahadi]] (Elands) ==Sawiro== <gallery mode=packed heights=165> file:11 of 'History of the Boers in South Africa ... with three maps' (11191958004), crop2.jpg|Webiga Wilge iyo laamihiisa oo ku yaal khariidad sannadkii 1887 file:The Second Boer War, 1899-1902 Q72297.jpg|Tareen fardo ah oo ka gudbaya webiga intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Boer </gallery> == Tixraac == <references/> == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category|Wilge River}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20071025125021/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/reports/rivers/free%20state/Free%20State.pdf Nidaamyada Webiga ee Gobolka Free State] *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/951618 Nidaamka biyaha ee Tugela-Vaal oo ah khatar bilharzia ah] mjy99okz0doz883toktikbcalbhai9d 300960 300896 2026-07-07T05:02:49Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 300960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Wilge | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Laga soo qaatay ''wilg'', oo ah erayga '[[willow]]' (geedka safsaafka) ee [[Luqadda Afrikaans|Afrikaans]]<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Qaamuuska Magacyada Goobaha Koonfur Afrika]</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Wilgerivier, Harrismith, stroomop.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga oo u dhow [[Harrismith]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Wilge <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobolka | subdivision_name3 = [[Free State (South African province)|Free State]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Drakensberg]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|2040|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Vaal River|Webiga Vaal]] | mouth_location = [[Vaal Dam|Vaal Dam]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|27|8|30|S|28|23|6|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1499|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = Nuwejaarspruit, [[Elands River (Wilge)|Webiga Elands]], Liebenbergsvlei | tributaries_right = [[Meul River|Webiga Meul]], [[Cornelis River|Webiga Cornelis]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Wilge''' ({{langx|af|Wilgerivier}}, oo macnaheedu yahay "webiga willow") waa [[tributary|laan]] ka mid ah [[Vaal River|Webiga Vaal]] ee bartamaha [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Webigani waa muhiim maadaama uu qayb ka yahay [[Tugela Vaal Transfer Scheme|Qorshaha Wareejinta Biyaha ee Tugela-Vaal]] halkaas oo biyaha laga wareejiyo [[Thukela River|Webiga Tugela]] ilaa barkadda [[Vaal River|Webiga Vaal]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/thukela/Background.htm Mashruuca Biyaha ee Tugela-Vaal]</ref> Kalluunka [[largemouth yellowfish]] ayaa laga helaa biyaha Webiga Wilge, wuxuuna gaaraa cabbir aad u weyn.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.presentafly.com/blog/9-5kg-giant-largemouth-yellowfish-caught-in-the-wilge-river-with-a-5wt-fly-rod |title=9.5kg Giant Largemouth Yellowfish oo lagu qabtay Webiga Wilge oo leh 5wt fly rod |access-date=2012-04-07 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224209/http://www.presentafly.com/blog/9-5kg-giant-largemouth-yellowfish-caught-in-the-wilge-river-with-a-5wt-fly-rod |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Koorsada== Ishiisu waxay qiyaastii 50&nbsp;km waqooyi-bari ka xigtaa [[Harrismith]], xadka [[KwaZulu-Natal]]. Qaybta sare ee webiga wuxuu u qulqulaa si qiyaas ahaan ah koonfur-galbeed isagoo ka imanaya ishiisa, ka dibna wuxuu u qulqulaa galbeed iyadoo uu u janjeerayo waqooyiga dhinaca Harrismith, isagoo maraya dhinaca koonfureed ee [[Platberg]] halkaas oo ay ku taal isdhexgalka [[Nuwejaarspruit]] ee dhinaca bidix. Dhinaca waqooyi ee dheeraadka ah, [[Elands River (Wilge)|Webiga Elands]] wuxuu ku biiraa bangigiisa bidix. Ka dib [[Meul River|Webiga Meul]] iyo [[Cornelis River|Webiga Cornelis]] waxay ku biiraan bangigiisa midig. Wuxuu sii wadaa qulqulka jihada NNW, isagoo ay ku soo biirayaan [[Liebenbergsvlei River|Webiga Liebenbergsvlei]] oo ka imanaya dhinaca bidix, isagoo maraya agagaarka [[Frankfort, Free State|Frankfort]] oo u qulqulaya waqooyi-galbeed ilaa uu ugu dambeyntii kaga biiro Vaal oo ku yaal [[Vaal Dam|Vaal Dam]] dhanka hoose ee webiga.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA8UpperVaal.jpg Upper Vaal WMA 8]</ref> ==Biyo-xireennada ku yaal barkaddiisa== *[[Sterkfontein Dam|Biyo-xireenka Sterkfontein]] iyo [[Driekloof Dam|Biyo-xireenka Driekloof]], oo ku yaal Nuwejaarspruit - Sterkfontein waa biyo-xireenka saddexaad ee ugu weyn Koonfur Afrika. Ficil ahaan dhammaan biyaha uu hayo waxaa laga soo bamgareeyaa escarpment-ka KwaZulu-Natal. Waxaa la dhisay ka hor inta aan la horumarin [[Lesotho Highlands Water Project|Mashruuca Biyaha ee Lesotho Highlands]], tani waxay ahayd il muhiim u ah biyaha [[Gauteng]]. *[[Fika-Patso Dam|Biyo-xireenka Fika-Patso]], oo ku yaal [[Namahadi River|Webiga Namahadi]] (Elands) ==Sawiro== <gallery mode=packed heights=165> file:11 of 'History of the Boers in South Africa ... with three maps' (11191958004), crop2.jpg|Webiga Wilge iyo laamihiisa oo ku yaal khariidad sannadkii 1887 file:The Second Boer War, 1899-1902 Q72297.jpg|Tareen fardo ah oo ka gudbaya webiga intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Boer </gallery> == Tixraac == <references/> == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category|Wilge River}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20071025125021/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/reports/rivers/free%20state/Free%20State.pdf Nidaamyada Webiga ee Gobolka Free State] *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/951618 Nidaamka biyaha ee Tugela-Vaal oo ah khatar bilharzia ah] 85rw6wps5dkaqv5zjv08whlqid4qfqf 0 48565 300897 2026-07-06T15:00:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Verlorevlei | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Webiga Verlorenvlei <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->| image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=center|plain=yes |id1=Q4788257|type1=line|stroke-colour1=#4271ae|stroke-width1=5 |id2=Q125470008|type2=shape|fill-colour2=#4271ae|stroke-colour2=#4271ae|stroke-width2=1|title2=Goobta Ramsar ee Harada Verlorevlei }} | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Western Cape]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = _ | source1_location = | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantikga]] | mouth_location = [[Western Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|32|19|S|18|20|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_date = 28 Juun 1991 | designation1_number = 525<ref name="ramsar">{{Cite web|title=Verlorenvlei|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/525|accessdate=14 April 2024}}</ref>}} | extra = }} '''Webiga Verlorevlei''' waa webi ku yaal gobolka [[Western Cape]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Isagoo ku yaal [[Sandveld]] ee [[West Coast, Western Cape|Xeebta Galbeed]], webigu wuxuu maraa [[Eendekuil]], Het Kruis, iyo [[Redelinghuys]]. Afka webiga wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Elands Bay]]. Laamihiisa waxaa ka mid ah [[Hol River|Webiga Hol]], [[Kruismans River|Webiga Kruismans]] iyo [[Krom Antonies River|Webiga Krom Antonies]]. Waxay ku dhex dhacdaa nidaamka dheecaanka G iyo Aagga Maamulka. Webigu waa hoyga kaliya ee la yaqaan ee kalluunka halista ugu jira dabar-goynta ee [[Verlorenvlei redfin]].<ref name="ZooKeys">{{cite journal |last1=Chakona |first1=Albert |last2=Swartz |first2=Ernst R. |last3=Skelton |first3=Paul H. |date=11 November 2014 |title=Nooc cusub oo redfin (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, ''Pseudobarbus'') ah oo ka yimid nidaamka Webiga Verlorevlei, Koonfur Afrika |url=https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4230 |journal=[[ZooKeys]] |publisher=Pensoft |issue=453 |pages=121–137 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.453.8072 |pmid=25493062 |accessdate=4 December 2014|pmc=4258629 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2014ZooK..453..121C }}</ref> == Taariikh == [[Simon van der Stel]] wuxuu booqday 1685 intii uu ku guda jiray safarkiisa [[Namaqualand]], wuxuuna qabay aragtida ah in webigu yahay laan ka mid ah [[Olifants River (Western Cape)|Webiga Olifants]]. Ensign Johannes Tobias Rhenius wuxuu arkay harada oo "ku luntay" cawska 1724, isagoo u bixiyay magaceeda ({{Langx|af|verlore|lit=lumay}} iyo {{Langx|af|[[vlei]]|lit=haro|label=none}}). == Afka webiga ee Verlorevlei == Qiyaastii 30&nbsp;km waqooyi-galbeed ka xiga Redelinghuys, haro qoyan ayaa quudisa webiga. Jiilaalka, waxay dhererkeedu gaaraa kiiloomitirro badan, biyuhuna waxay ku qarsoon yihiin cagaarka [[Reed (plant)|cawska]]. Xagaaga, haradu way qallashaa. 500 oo nooc oo [[bird|shimbirro]] ah ayaa halkan lagu arkay. Haradu waxay caan ku tahay dadka daawada [[bird watching|shimbiraha]] iyo kuwa [[angling|kalluumaysata]] labadaba. Mid ka mid ah harooyinka biyaha saafiga ah ee dalka ee xeebta agteeda, Harada Verlorevlei waa goob muhiim ah oo taranka iyo quudinta [[pelican|pelicans]], [[flamingo|flamingos]], iyo noocyo kale oo shimbirro iyo kalluun ah. Noocyo badan oo dhir ah ayaa sidoo kale laga helaa halkaas. Lo'du waxay ku daaqaan xeebaha, biyuhuna waxaa loo bamgareeyaa waraabka. 1991-kii, [[wetland|dhulka qoyan]] waxaa loo magacaabay [[Ramsar site|goob Ramsar ah]].<ref name="ramsar" /> Afka webiga waxaa u aqoonsaday [[Important Bird and Biodiversity Area|Aagga Shimbiraha iyo Kala Duwanaanshaha Noolaha ee Muhiimka ah]] ururka [[BirdLife South Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Verlorenvlei |url=https://www.birdlife.org.za/iba-directory/verlorenvlei/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=BirdLife South Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> == Khataraha == Webiga iyo afka webiga ee Verlorevlei waxay wajahayaan khatar ah inuu qallalo;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yeld |first=John |date=2021-03-13 |title=Verlorenvlei ee Xeebta Galbeed: Maxaa lumiya marka dhul qoyan uu qallalo? |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-03-13-west-coasts-verlorenvlei-whats-lost-when-a-wetland-dries-up/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> dhimista qulqulka ee ka dhalatay dhismaha biyo-xireenno sharci-darro ah iyo biyo wasakhaysan oo ka yimid macdanta tungsten-ka ee la qorsheeyay ee kor ku xusan iyo beeraha ku hareeraysan ayaa hoos u dhigay deegaanka ku hareeraysan. Noocyada shimbiraha biyaha ayaa hoos uga dhacay 39 ilaa 22 nooc.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Handley |first=Kate |date=2023-07-17 |title=Afka Webiga Verlorenvlei ee muhiimka ah ayaa khatar ugu jira dhimasho |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2023-07-17-critical-verlorenvlei-estuary-under-threat-of-mining-and-death-by-a-thousand-cuts/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} a71j6fq7ssh2h2qfpku2vv3eargq4zp 0 48566 300898 2026-07-06T15:02:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Vals | native_name = {{native name|naq|Enta}} | name_other = Valsrivier | name_etymology = Waxaa loogu turjumay [[Afrikaans]] magaciisii [[Khoekhoe language|Khoekhoe]] ee ''Enta'', ''Nta'' ama ''Entaap'', oo macnaheedu yahay 'webi been ah ama khiyaano badan'; waxay u badan tahay inay tixraacayso qoto-dheerida aan la filayn ee [[stream bed|sariirta webiga]] ama isbeddellada ku yimaada koorsadiisa inta lagu jiro fatahaadaha.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Qaamuuska Magacyada Goobaha Koonfur Afrika]</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Kroonstad.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Buundada [[Sarel Cilliers]] ee dul marta Webiga Vals ee [[Kroonstad]] | map = Vals River watershed.jpg | map_size = 250 | map_caption = Barkadda biyo-mareenka Webiga Vals ([https://mghydro.com/watersheds/shared/A2B59C.html Khariidad is-dhexgal ah]) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Vals <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobolka | subdivision_name3 = [[Free State (South African province)|Free State]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalooyinka | subdivision_name5 = [[Lindley, Free State|Lindley]], [[Kroonstad]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Bariga [[Paul Roux]], Galbeedka [[Bethlehem, South Africa|Bethlehem]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|-28.29|28.21}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1880|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Vaal River|Webiga Vaal]] | mouth_location = Isdhexgalka Webiga Vaal ee u dhow Balkfontein, Koonfur Afrika | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-27.388|26.516|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1250|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|7870|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = [[Blomspruit|Blomspruit]] | tributaries_right = [[Liebenbergstroom|Liebenbergstroom]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Vals''' ({{langx|af|Valsrivier}}) waa [[tributary|laan]] ka mid ah [[Vaal River|Webiga Vaal]] ee ku taal [[Free State (South African province)|Free State]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waa webi xilliyeed xooggan. Webigan ka tirsan [[Middle Vaal Water Management Area|Nidaamka Middle Vaal]] waa meel fiican oo kalluumeysiga ah, gaar ahaan kalluunka maxalliga ah ee [[Largemouth Yellowfish]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.farmstay.co.za/Guesthouse_Details.asp?guest_id=36 |title=Steynsrus - Waterfall Guest Farm |access-date=2012-04-08}}</ref> ==Koorsada== Isha webigu waxay qiyaastii 20&nbsp;km koonfur-bari ka xigtaa [[Paul Roux]] iyo qiyaastii 25&nbsp;km koonfur-bari ka xigtaa [[Bethlehem, Free State|Bethlehem]]. Wuxuu maraa wadada [[N5 road (South Africa)|N5]] in yar ka dib ishiisa. Qaybta sare ee koorsadiisa Webiga Vals wuxuu u qulqulaa si qiyaas ahaan ah waqooyi, isagoo u janjeeraya waqooyi-galbeed dhinaca [[highveld|highveld-ka]] dhinaca [[Lindley, Free State|Lindley]] wuxuuna ku wareegaa bannaanka. Qaybta dhexe ee koorsadiisa waxaa ku yaal tiro biyo-xireenno yaryar ah maadaama uu inta badan maro meelaha ay ku yaallaan [[dryland crop|dalagyada beeraha qalalan]] biyahiisana waxaa loo isticmaalaa waraabka. Vals wuxuu helaa tiro laamo yaryar ah, kuwa ugu muhiimsan waa [[Blomspruit]] iyo [[Liebenbergstroom]]. Ugu dambeyntii wuxuu la kulmaa Vaal ka dib markii uu dhex maro magaalada [[Kroonstad]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA9MiddleVaal.jpg Middle Vaal WMA 9]</ref> ==Biyo-xireennada ku yaal barkaddiisa== *[[Serfontein Dam|Biyo-xireenka Serfontein]], oo u dhow Kroonstad *[[Barend Wessel Dam|Biyo-xireenka Barend Wessel]], oo ku yaal Kroonstad *[[Bloemhoek Dam|Biyo-xireenka Bloemhoek]], oo ku yaal [[Jordaan Spruit|Jordaan Spruit]] == Tixraac == <references/> == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category}} *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/951618 Nidaamyada Webiga ee Gobolka Free State] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140120170315/http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/3c20e9004928198d8b4eab6aa248d266/Free-State-residents-worried-about-sewage-flowing-into-the-Vals-River-20111122 Dadka deggan Free State oo ka welwelsan bulaacada ku qulqulaya Webiga Vals] 0yyc8wezbt29l3047xus3v69uqxx1km 300959 300898 2026-07-07T05:01:21Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 300959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Vals | native_name = {{native name|naq|Enta}} | name_other = Valsrivier | name_etymology = Waxaa loogu turjumay [[Afrikaans]] magaciisii [[Khoekhoe language|Khoekhoe]] ee ''Enta'', ''Nta'' ama ''Entaap'', oo macnaheedu yahay 'webi been ah ama khiyaano badan'; waxay u badan tahay inay tixraacayso qoto-dheerida aan la filayn ee [[stream bed|sariirta webiga]] ama isbeddellada ku yimaada koorsadiisa inta lagu jiro fatahaadaha.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Qaamuuska Magacyada Goobaha Koonfur Afrika]</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Kroonstad.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Buundada [[Sarel Cilliers]] ee dul marta Webiga Vals ee [[Kroonstad]] | map = Vals River watershed.jpg | map_size = 250 | map_caption = Barkadda biyo-mareenka Webiga Vals ([https://mghydro.com/watersheds/shared/A2B59C.html Khariidad is-dhexgal ah]) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Vals <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobolka | subdivision_name3 = [[Free State (South African province)|Free State]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalooyinka | subdivision_name5 = [[Lindley, Free State|Lindley]], [[Kroonstad]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Bariga [[Paul Roux]], Galbeedka [[Bethlehem, South Africa|Bethlehem]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|-28.29|28.21}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1880|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Vaal River|Webiga Vaal]] | mouth_location = Isdhexgalka Webiga Vaal ee u dhow Balkfontein, Koonfur Afrika | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-27.388|26.516|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1250|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|7870|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = [[Blomspruit|Blomspruit]] | tributaries_right = [[Liebenbergstroom|Liebenbergstroom]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Vals''' ({{langx|af|Valsrivier}}) waa [[tributary|laan]] ka mid ah [[Vaal River|Webiga Vaal]] ee ku taal [[Free State (South African province)|Free State]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waa webi xilliyeed xooggan. Webigan ka tirsan [[Middle Vaal Water Management Area|Nidaamka Middle Vaal]] waa meel fiican oo kalluumeysiga ah, gaar ahaan kalluunka maxalliga ah ee [[Largemouth Yellowfish]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.farmstay.co.za/Guesthouse_Details.asp?guest_id=36 |title=Steynsrus - Waterfall Guest Farm |access-date=2012-04-08 |archive-date=2006-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926015832/http://www.farmstay.co.za/Guesthouse_Details.asp?guest_id=36 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Koorsada== Isha webigu waxay qiyaastii 20&nbsp;km koonfur-bari ka xigtaa [[Paul Roux]] iyo qiyaastii 25&nbsp;km koonfur-bari ka xigtaa [[Bethlehem, Free State|Bethlehem]]. Wuxuu maraa wadada [[N5 road (South Africa)|N5]] in yar ka dib ishiisa. Qaybta sare ee koorsadiisa Webiga Vals wuxuu u qulqulaa si qiyaas ahaan ah waqooyi, isagoo u janjeeraya waqooyi-galbeed dhinaca [[highveld|highveld-ka]] dhinaca [[Lindley, Free State|Lindley]] wuxuuna ku wareegaa bannaanka. Qaybta dhexe ee koorsadiisa waxaa ku yaal tiro biyo-xireenno yaryar ah maadaama uu inta badan maro meelaha ay ku yaallaan [[dryland crop|dalagyada beeraha qalalan]] biyahiisana waxaa loo isticmaalaa waraabka. Vals wuxuu helaa tiro laamo yaryar ah, kuwa ugu muhiimsan waa [[Blomspruit]] iyo [[Liebenbergstroom]]. Ugu dambeyntii wuxuu la kulmaa Vaal ka dib markii uu dhex maro magaalada [[Kroonstad]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA9MiddleVaal.jpg Middle Vaal WMA 9]</ref> ==Biyo-xireennada ku yaal barkaddiisa== *[[Serfontein Dam|Biyo-xireenka Serfontein]], oo u dhow Kroonstad *[[Barend Wessel Dam|Biyo-xireenka Barend Wessel]], oo ku yaal Kroonstad *[[Bloemhoek Dam|Biyo-xireenka Bloemhoek]], oo ku yaal [[Jordaan Spruit|Jordaan Spruit]] == Tixraac == <references/> == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category}} *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/951618 Nidaamyada Webiga ee Gobolka Free State] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140120170315/http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/3c20e9004928198d8b4eab6aa248d266/Free-State-residents-worried-about-sewage-flowing-into-the-Vals-River-20111122 Dadka deggan Free State oo ka welwelsan bulaacada ku qulqulaya Webiga Vals] l9zany8ryeo74vsenw551c0f256j0xa 0 48567 300899 2026-07-06T15:04:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Uilenkraals | native_name = {{native name|af|Uilenkraalsrivier}} | native_name_lang = | name_other = Webiga Uilkraals | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Western Cape]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = _ | source1_location = | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantikga]] | mouth_location = [[Western Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|34|36|22|S|19|24|33|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Uilenkraals''' (ama '''Webiga Uilkraals''') waa webi ku yaal gobolka [[Western Cape]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uilkraals River, Western Cape, South Africa |url=https://za.geoview.info/uilkraals_river,193978645w |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=za.geoview.info}}</ref> Afka webiga wuxuu ku yaallaa Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Uilkraalsmond oo ku yaal [[Uilenkraalsmond]], meel u dhow [[Gansbaai]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} penomky382dlgkmugzxtlox0e94418x 0 48568 300900 2026-07-06T15:06:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Umbilo | native_name ={{Native name|zu|uMbilo}} | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image =Umbilo River at Paradise Valley.jpg | image_size = | image_caption =Webiga Umbilo oo ku yaal Paradise Valley | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map =South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> Goobta afka Webiga Umbilo | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobolka | subdivision_name3 = [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location =[[Port of Durban|Durban Harbour]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | mouth_coordinates ={{coord|29.89899|S|31.00373|E|display=inline,title|region:ZA_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Construction of Umbilo River Bridge.jpg|thumb|Dhismaha Buundada Webiga Umbilo ({{Start date and age|1877|07}})]] '''Webiga Umbilo''' waa webi ku yaal [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Webigu wuxuu ka soo kaco [[Kloof]] oo galbeedka ka xiga magaalada Durban, afka webiguna wuxuu ku yaallaa dekedda [[Durban]]. Webiga Umbilo wuxuu qayb ka yahay dariiqa D'Moss iyo dadaallada ilaalinta ee Durban Metro. == Arrimaha Deegaanka == Sannadkii 2015 dadka deggan waxay ka cabteen wasakhaynta joogtada ah ee webiga labadii sano ee ka horreysay, oo ay ku jiraan ur xun iyo isbeddel midab ah oo u beddelay "smurf blue" (buluug dhalaalaya).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://highwaymail.co.za/205084/umbilo-river-turns-blue/ |title=Webiga Umbilo oo isu beddelay buluug |last=Tsinde |first=Sanelisiwe |date=2015-11-08 |publisher=Highway Mail |access-date=2022-06-01 }}</ref> Oktoobar 2020, heerar sare oo [[Escherichia coli|E. coli]] ah ayaa laga helay webiga, taas oo ay sababtay cillad ka dhacday xarun bamgareynta [[Sewage treatment|bulaacada]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.groundup.org.za/article/environmentalists-raise-concerns-over-polluted-durban-river/ |title=Dadka u dhaqdhaqaaqa deegaanka ayaa ka cabsi qaba webiga Durban ee wasakhaysan |last=Majola |first=Nokulunga |date=2020-10-12 |access-date=2022-06-01 }}</ref> Hal toddobaad ka dib 100 kun oo litir oo [[crude oil|shidaal cayriin ah]] ayaa ku daatay Webiga Umbilo.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/look-thousands-of-litres-of-crude-oil-spills-into-umbilo-river-d870bb74-2d16-4b5d-8d0c-1f80e6257010 |title=DAAWO: Kumanaan litir oo shidaal cayriin ah ayaa ku daatay Webiga Umbilo |last=Rall |first=Se-Anne |date=2020-10-20 |access-date=2022-06-01 }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.groundup.org.za/article/massive-oil-spill-umbilo-river/ |title=Daadasho ballaaran oo shidaal ah oo ku dhacday Webiga Umbilo |last=Majola |first=Nokulunga |date=2020-10-21 |access-date=2022-06-01 }}</ref> Julaay 2020, codsi<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vuma.earth/petitions/stop-the-ecocide-of-the-umbilo-river |title=JOOJI xasuuqa deegaanka ee Webiga uMbilo |last=Pillay |first=Delwyn |date=2020-07-08 |website=vuma.earth |access-date=2022-06-01 }}</ref> ayaa waxaa bilaabay [[Greenpeace]] Africa iyo kooxda bulshada ee uMbilo River Watch si loo joojiyo wasakhaynta culus.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bereamail.co.za/241728/greenpeace-volunteers-demand-end-to-ecocide-of-umbilo-river/ |title=Mutadawiciinta Greenpeace waxay dalbanayaan in la joojiyo xasuuqa deegaanka ee Webiga uMbilo |date=2020-07-17 |website=Berea Mail |access-date=2022-06-01 }}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} qqhmaundds1yslucbdiy4ka4ci5tsie 0 48569 300901 2026-07-06T15:09:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Tugela | native_name = {{lang|zu|Thukela}} | native_name_lang = | name_other = {{lang|zu|Thukela}} | name_etymology = | image = Amphitheatre_Drakensberg.jpg | image_size = 300 | image_caption = Webiga Tugela iyadoo uu gadaal ka muuqdo [[Amphitheatre, Drakensberg|Amphitheatre]] | map = JCW-Map-Natal-Tugela.png | map_size = | map_caption = Koorsada webiga Tugela, laga soo bilaabo xadka galbeed ilaa bariga KwaZulu-Natal. | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of South Africa|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name3 = [[KwaZulu-Natal Province|KwaZulu-Natal]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalooyinka | subdivision_name5 = [[Bergville]], [[Colenso, KwaZulu-Natal|Colenso]] | length = {{cvt|560|km|mi}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{CVT|200|m³/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = | source1 = | source1_location = [[Drakensberg]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|28|45|00|S|28|53|45|E|region:ZA-NL_type:landmark}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|29|13|26|S|31|30|0|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{cvt|29100|km2}} | tributaries_left = *[[Buffalo River (KwaZulu-Natal)|Webiga Buffalo]] | tributaries_right = *[[Mooi River (Tugela)|Webiga Mooi]] }} '''Webiga Tugela''' ({{langx|zu|Thukela}}; {{langx|af|Tugelarivier}}) waa webiga ugu weyn gobolka [[KwaZulu-Natal Province|KwaZulu]], Koonfur Afrika. Iyadoo dhererkeedu dhan yahay {{cvt|560|km}}, iyo hoos u dhac dhan 1{{thinsp}}370 mitir 480-ka kiiloomitir ee hoose,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa | title=Webiyada muhiimka ah ee Koonfur Afrika - MyFundi | access-date=2024-05-15 }}</ref> waa mid ka mid ah webiyada ugu muhiimsan dalka.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=MyFundi |url=http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa |title=Webiyada muhiimka ah ee Koonfur Afrika }}</ref> Webigu wuxuu ka soo jeedaa [[Mont-aux-Sources]] oo ah laba webi oo kale oo waaweyn oo Koonfur Afrika ah, [[Orange River|Orange]] iyo [[Caledon River|Caledon]]. Laga soo bilaabo buuraleyda Drakensberg, Tugela waxay raacaysaa waddo dhan {{cvt|560|km|mi}} oo dhex marta KwaZulu-Natal midlands ka hor inta aysan ku qulqulin [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]].<ref name="DWAF-ThukelaWMA-A">{{cite web |url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Other/CMA/Thukela/ThukelaAppendixA2.pdf |title=Soo jeedin lagu aasaasayo Hay'adda Maareynta Biyo-mareenka ee Thukela - Lifaaqa A |date=July 2004 |publisher=Waaxda Arrimaha Biyaha iyo Kaymaha |access-date=2008-10-21}}</ref> Wadarta aagga biyo-qabashadu waa qiyaastii {{cvt|29100|km2|mi2}}.<ref name="DWAF-ThukelaWMA-A"/> Isticmaalka dhulka ee biyo-qabashada ayaa inta badan ah beerashada nolosha iyo kaymaha ganacsiga. == Laamaha == [[File:Crossing the Tugela River - 1898-9.jpg|thumb|left|Ciidamada Ingiriiska oo ka gudbaya webiga intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Boer]] Tugela waxaa quudiya dhowr laamood oo ka soo jeeda [[Drakensberg]], kuwa ugu waaweyn waa [[Buffalo River (KwaZulu-Natal)|Webiga Mzinyathi ("Buffalo")]] (kaas oo ka soo jeeda meel u dhow Majuba Hill). Kuwa kale waa [[Little Tugela River|Webiga Little Tugela]], [[Klip River (KwaZulu-Natal)|Webiga Klip]] (ka soo jeeda meel u dhow [[Van Reenen Pass]]), [[Mooi River (river, KwaZulu-Natal)|Webiga Mooi]], [[Blood River|Webiga Blood]], [[Sundays River (KwaZulu-Natal)|Webiga Sundays]] (ka soo jeeda Biggarsberg) [[Ingagani River|Webiga Ingagani]] iyo [[Bushman River|Webiga Bushman]].<ref name="DWAF-ThukelaWMA-A"/><ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA7Thukela.jpg Thukela WMA 7]</ref> Webiga Buffalo wuxuu ku biiraa Tugela in qiyaastii {{cvt|19|km|mi|0}} bariga [[Tugela Ferry]] kuna taal <small>{{coord|28|43|04|S|30|38|41|E|}}</small>. [[Battle of Blood River|Webiga Blood]] waxaa magacaabay [[Boers]], oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Andries Pretorius]], ka dib markii ay ka adkaadeen [[List of Zulu kings|boqorkii Zulu]] [[Dingane]] 16 Diseembar 1838. Webiga ayaa la sheegay inuu casaan ku noqday dhiigga dagaalyahannada Zulu. Webiga Blood ka hooseeya waa [[Rorke's Drift]], oo ah meel laga gudbo iyo goob dagaal, intii lagu jiray [[Anglo-Zulu War|Dagaalkii Anglo-Zulu]].<ref name="EB1911">{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Tugela |volume=27 |page=364}} Tani waxay leedahay sharaxaad aad u faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan koorsada webiga.</ref> == Deegaanka == [[Scaly Yellowfish|Scaly yellowfish]] ''(Labeobarbus natalensis)'' ayaa laga helaa Nidaamka Webiga Tugela. Waa kalluun caan ah oo [[Endemism|endemik]] ah gobolka KwaZulu-Natal waxaana laga helaa meelo kala duwan oo u dhexeeya buuraleyda [[Drakensberg]] iyo dhulka hoose ee xeebaha, oo ay ku jiraan webiyo sida [[Umkomazi River|Umkomazi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf |title=Warbixinta Farsamada ee Xaaladda Kalluunka Yellowfishes ee Koonfur Afrika 2007 |access-date=2012-03-29}}</ref> == Higgaadinta == Higgaadinta ''Tugela'' waxaa loo isticmaali jiray inta badan qarnigii labaatanaad; waa nooc Ingiriisaysan oo ka mid ah magaca Zulu ''Thukela''. Qorayaashii qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad ayaa qaatay noocyo kala duwan oo higgaadin ah oo ay ku jiraan: *[[Nathaniel Isaacs|Isaacs]] (1836) wuxuu isticmaalay dhowr higgaadin oo kala duwan buugiisa, ''Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa,''<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M8VjAAAAMAAJ&q=nathaniel+isaacs |author=Nathaniel Isaacs |publisher=Edward Churton |year=1836 |title=Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa - Vol I |access-date=2010-08-08}}</ref> oo ay ku jiraan ''Ootergale'' iyo ''Ootoogale''. *[[Charles Rawden Maclean|C.R. Maclean]] (John Ross), oo ku qoray ''Nautical Magazine'' sannadkii 1853, wuxuu isticmaalay higgaadinta ''Zootagoola''<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=[[The Nautical Magazine]] |author=C.R. Maclean |title=Lumitaanka Brig Mary ee Natal oo leh Xusuus hore oo ku saabsan dejintaas - Labo |date=February 1853 |pages=74–80}}</ref> *[[George French Angas]], oo ahaa fannaan qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, wuxuu adeegsaday magaca ''Tugala'' cinwaannada sawirradiisa.<ref>["Samaynta outchoualla ama biirka maxalliga ah, ee Gudu's kraal, Webiga Tugala, dalka Zulu"], sawir uu qoray G F Angas; Maktabadda Qaranka ee Australia.</ref> Qaar ka mid ah kala duwanaanshaha waxaa loo nisbayn karaa qorayaashii hore ee reer Yurub oo aan ogeyn in [[Zulu grammar|naxwaha Zulu]] uu isticmaalo horgalayaal, inta badan "''i-''" ama "''u-''", si loo tilmaamo fasalka magaca ee magaca. [[File:Tugela river mouth.jpg|thumb|right|Afka webiga Tugela]] == Qoraallo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} qgw8o2eg8jqs8583i4hqxke7mlzo0y6 300958 300901 2026-07-07T05:01:00Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 300958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Tugela | native_name = {{lang|zu|Thukela}} | native_name_lang = | name_other = {{lang|zu|Thukela}} | name_etymology = | image = Amphitheatre_Drakensberg.jpg | image_size = 300 | image_caption = Webiga Tugela iyadoo uu gadaal ka muuqdo [[Amphitheatre, Drakensberg|Amphitheatre]] | map = JCW-Map-Natal-Tugela.png | map_size = | map_caption = Koorsada webiga Tugela, laga soo bilaabo xadka galbeed ilaa bariga KwaZulu-Natal. | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of South Africa|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name3 = [[KwaZulu-Natal Province|KwaZulu-Natal]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalooyinka | subdivision_name5 = [[Bergville]], [[Colenso, KwaZulu-Natal|Colenso]] | length = {{cvt|560|km|mi}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{CVT|200|m³/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = | source1 = | source1_location = [[Drakensberg]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|28|45|00|S|28|53|45|E|region:ZA-NL_type:landmark}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|29|13|26|S|31|30|0|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{cvt|29100|km2}} | tributaries_left = *[[Buffalo River (KwaZulu-Natal)|Webiga Buffalo]] | tributaries_right = *[[Mooi River (Tugela)|Webiga Mooi]] }} '''Webiga Tugela''' ({{langx|zu|Thukela}}; {{langx|af|Tugelarivier}}) waa webiga ugu weyn gobolka [[KwaZulu-Natal Province|KwaZulu]], Koonfur Afrika. Iyadoo dhererkeedu dhan yahay {{cvt|560|km}}, iyo hoos u dhac dhan 1{{thinsp}}370 mitir 480-ka kiiloomitir ee hoose,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa | title=Webiyada muhiimka ah ee Koonfur Afrika - MyFundi | access-date=2024-05-15 }}</ref> waa mid ka mid ah webiyada ugu muhiimsan dalka.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=MyFundi |url=http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa |title=Webiyada muhiimka ah ee Koonfur Afrika }}</ref> Webigu wuxuu ka soo jeedaa [[Mont-aux-Sources]] oo ah laba webi oo kale oo waaweyn oo Koonfur Afrika ah, [[Orange River|Orange]] iyo [[Caledon River|Caledon]]. Laga soo bilaabo buuraleyda Drakensberg, Tugela waxay raacaysaa waddo dhan {{cvt|560|km|mi}} oo dhex marta KwaZulu-Natal midlands ka hor inta aysan ku qulqulin [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]].<ref name="DWAF-ThukelaWMA-A">{{cite web |url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Other/CMA/Thukela/ThukelaAppendixA2.pdf |title=Soo jeedin lagu aasaasayo Hay'adda Maareynta Biyo-mareenka ee Thukela - Lifaaqa A |date=July 2004 |publisher=Waaxda Arrimaha Biyaha iyo Kaymaha |access-date=2008-10-21}}</ref> Wadarta aagga biyo-qabashadu waa qiyaastii {{cvt|29100|km2|mi2}}.<ref name="DWAF-ThukelaWMA-A"/> Isticmaalka dhulka ee biyo-qabashada ayaa inta badan ah beerashada nolosha iyo kaymaha ganacsiga. == Laamaha == [[File:Crossing the Tugela River - 1898-9.jpg|thumb|left|Ciidamada Ingiriiska oo ka gudbaya webiga intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Boer]] Tugela waxaa quudiya dhowr laamood oo ka soo jeeda [[Drakensberg]], kuwa ugu waaweyn waa [[Buffalo River (KwaZulu-Natal)|Webiga Mzinyathi ("Buffalo")]] (kaas oo ka soo jeeda meel u dhow Majuba Hill). Kuwa kale waa [[Little Tugela River|Webiga Little Tugela]], [[Klip River (KwaZulu-Natal)|Webiga Klip]] (ka soo jeeda meel u dhow [[Van Reenen Pass]]), [[Mooi River (river, KwaZulu-Natal)|Webiga Mooi]], [[Blood River|Webiga Blood]], [[Sundays River (KwaZulu-Natal)|Webiga Sundays]] (ka soo jeeda Biggarsberg) [[Ingagani River|Webiga Ingagani]] iyo [[Bushman River|Webiga Bushman]].<ref name="DWAF-ThukelaWMA-A"/><ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA7Thukela.jpg Thukela WMA 7]</ref> Webiga Buffalo wuxuu ku biiraa Tugela in qiyaastii {{cvt|19|km|mi|0}} bariga [[Tugela Ferry]] kuna taal <small>{{coord|28|43|04|S|30|38|41|E|}}</small>. [[Battle of Blood River|Webiga Blood]] waxaa magacaabay [[Boers]], oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Andries Pretorius]], ka dib markii ay ka adkaadeen [[List of Zulu kings|boqorkii Zulu]] [[Dingane]] 16 Diseembar 1838. Webiga ayaa la sheegay inuu casaan ku noqday dhiigga dagaalyahannada Zulu. Webiga Blood ka hooseeya waa [[Rorke's Drift]], oo ah meel laga gudbo iyo goob dagaal, intii lagu jiray [[Anglo-Zulu War|Dagaalkii Anglo-Zulu]].<ref name="EB1911">{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Tugela |volume=27 |page=364}} Tani waxay leedahay sharaxaad aad u faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan koorsada webiga.</ref> == Deegaanka == [[Scaly Yellowfish|Scaly yellowfish]] ''(Labeobarbus natalensis)'' ayaa laga helaa Nidaamka Webiga Tugela. Waa kalluun caan ah oo [[Endemism|endemik]] ah gobolka KwaZulu-Natal waxaana laga helaa meelo kala duwan oo u dhexeeya buuraleyda [[Drakensberg]] iyo dhulka hoose ee xeebaha, oo ay ku jiraan webiyo sida [[Umkomazi River|Umkomazi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf |title=Warbixinta Farsamada ee Xaaladda Kalluunka Yellowfishes ee Koonfur Afrika 2007 |access-date=2012-03-29 |archive-date=2017-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629065416/http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Higgaadinta == Higgaadinta ''Tugela'' waxaa loo isticmaali jiray inta badan qarnigii labaatanaad; waa nooc Ingiriisaysan oo ka mid ah magaca Zulu ''Thukela''. Qorayaashii qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad ayaa qaatay noocyo kala duwan oo higgaadin ah oo ay ku jiraan: *[[Nathaniel Isaacs|Isaacs]] (1836) wuxuu isticmaalay dhowr higgaadin oo kala duwan buugiisa, ''Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa,''<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M8VjAAAAMAAJ&q=nathaniel+isaacs |author=Nathaniel Isaacs |publisher=Edward Churton |year=1836 |title=Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa - Vol I |access-date=2010-08-08}}</ref> oo ay ku jiraan ''Ootergale'' iyo ''Ootoogale''. *[[Charles Rawden Maclean|C.R. Maclean]] (John Ross), oo ku qoray ''Nautical Magazine'' sannadkii 1853, wuxuu isticmaalay higgaadinta ''Zootagoola''<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=[[The Nautical Magazine]] |author=C.R. Maclean |title=Lumitaanka Brig Mary ee Natal oo leh Xusuus hore oo ku saabsan dejintaas - Labo |date=February 1853 |pages=74–80}}</ref> *[[George French Angas]], oo ahaa fannaan qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, wuxuu adeegsaday magaca ''Tugala'' cinwaannada sawirradiisa.<ref>["Samaynta outchoualla ama biirka maxalliga ah, ee Gudu's kraal, Webiga Tugala, dalka Zulu"], sawir uu qoray G F Angas; Maktabadda Qaranka ee Australia.</ref> Qaar ka mid ah kala duwanaanshaha waxaa loo nisbayn karaa qorayaashii hore ee reer Yurub oo aan ogeyn in [[Zulu grammar|naxwaha Zulu]] uu isticmaalo horgalayaal, inta badan "''i-''" ama "''u-''", si loo tilmaamo fasalka magaca ee magaca. [[File:Tugela river mouth.jpg|thumb|right|Afka webiga Tugela]] == Qoraallo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} spun18l5lvd0fj28eg5uwrt9szb6m94 10 48570 300903 2026-07-06T15:11:39Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300903 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Thin_space]] lv5y0bnn0f6bwonwggr4wxga3h0q35w 0 48571 300904 2026-07-06T15:16:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Palmiet | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Palmietrivier | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Palmiet River.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Buundada dul marta Webiga Palmiet ee u dhexaysa [[Betty's Bay]] iyo [[Kleinmond]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Western Cape]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Kogelberg]] | source1_location = [[Western Cape]] | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantikga]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|500|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Palmiet''' ({{langx|af|Palmietrivier}}) waa webi ku yaal gobolka [[Western Cape]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Webiga Palmiet waa webi caadi u ah Western Cape, oo hela roobab xilliga jiilaalka waana mid muhiim u ah [[Western Cape Water Supply System|Nidaamka Biyo-siinta ee Western Cape]]. Waxa uu leeyahay aag biyo-qabasho oo yar oo dhan 500 km2, waxa uu maraa ballaadhka [[Elgin, Western Cape|Elgin Valley]], wuxuuna gaadhaa badweynta iyada oo loo marayo [[estuary|afka webiga]].<ref>[http://www.overstrandestuaries.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6&Itemid=7 Afka Webiga Palmiet]</ref> Webigan wuxuu leeyahay lix biyo-xireen oo loogu talagalay waraabka iyo korontada biyaha oo ku teedsan dhererkiisa, wuxuuna bixiyaa biyo loo isticmaalo beeraha iyo warshadaha, iyo sidoo kale magaalada Cape Town. Lama cadda sababta ay u jirtay korodh muuqda oo xagga qulqulka ah 30-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay. Webigan waxaa loogu magac daray geedka loo yaqaan [[Thurniaceae|Palmiet]] ''([[Prionium serratum]])'' waana inaan lagu khaldin Webiga Palmiet ee u dhow [[Durban]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.palmiet.za.net/flooding.htm |title=Fatahaadda Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Palmiet |access-date=2012-03-12}}</ref> ama Webiga Palmiet oo ah laan ka mid ah [[Keurbooms River|Webiga Keurbooms]]. {{Multiimage | image1 = Rivers of Cape Region RSA OSM.png | caption1 = Webiyada gobolka Cape iyadoo uu ku jiro Webiga Palmiet (dhexda) | align = center | image2 = Palmiet River Mouth (1 of 1).jpg | caption2 = Sawir hawada laga qaaday oo muujinaya afka Webiga Palmiet ee [[Kleinmond]] iyadoo uu ku qulqulayo Badweynta Atlaantikga. }} == Biyo-xireennada ku yaal webigan == *Applethwaite Lake *[[Arieskraal Dam|Biyo-xireenka Arieskraal]] *[[Eikenhof Dam|Biyo-xireenka Eikenhof]] *[[Kogelberg Dam|Biyo-xireenka Kogelberg]] *Nuweberg Dam *[[Transpalmiet Dam|Biyo-xireenka Transpalmiet]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category}} *[http://www.sa-venues.com/things-to-do/westerncape/walk-the-palmiet-river-trail/ Ku soco dariiqa Webiga Palmiet (Kleinmond)] *[http://www.gone-fishing.co.za/tag/kleinmond-palmiet-river/ ‘Kleinmond. Webiga Palmiet’] {{coord|34|19|52.36|S|18|59|26.36|E|region:ZA-NL_type:landmark|display=title}} c9rk6z6pklz97iz6tklmbqxnnknyxbe 300955 300904 2026-07-07T04:56:56Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 300955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Palmiet | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Palmietrivier | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Palmiet River.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Buundada dul marta Webiga Palmiet ee u dhexaysa [[Betty's Bay]] iyo [[Kleinmond]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Western Cape]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Kogelberg]] | source1_location = [[Western Cape]] | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantikga]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|500|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Palmiet''' ({{langx|af|Palmietrivier}}) waa webi ku yaal gobolka [[Western Cape]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Webiga Palmiet waa webi caadi u ah Western Cape, oo hela roobab xilliga jiilaalka waana mid muhiim u ah [[Western Cape Water Supply System|Nidaamka Biyo-siinta ee Western Cape]]. Waxa uu leeyahay aag biyo-qabasho oo yar oo dhan 500 km2, waxa uu maraa ballaadhka [[Elgin, Western Cape|Elgin Valley]], wuxuuna gaadhaa badweynta iyada oo loo marayo [[estuary|afka webiga]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afka Webiga Palmiet |url=http://www.overstrandestuaries.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6&Itemid=7 |access-date=2026-07-06 |archive-date=2011-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326105205/http://www.overstrandestuaries.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6&Itemid=7 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Webigan wuxuu leeyahay lix biyo-xireen oo loogu talagalay waraabka iyo korontada biyaha oo ku teedsan dhererkiisa, wuxuuna bixiyaa biyo loo isticmaalo beeraha iyo warshadaha, iyo sidoo kale magaalada Cape Town. Lama cadda sababta ay u jirtay korodh muuqda oo xagga qulqulka ah 30-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay. Webigan waxaa loogu magac daray geedka loo yaqaan [[Thurniaceae|Palmiet]] ''([[Prionium serratum]])'' waana inaan lagu khaldin Webiga Palmiet ee u dhow [[Durban]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.palmiet.za.net/flooding.htm |title=Fatahaadda Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Palmiet |access-date=2012-03-12 |archive-date=2011-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724141321/http://www.palmiet.za.net/flooding.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> ama Webiga Palmiet oo ah laan ka mid ah [[Keurbooms River|Webiga Keurbooms]]. {{Multiimage | image1 = Rivers of Cape Region RSA OSM.png | caption1 = Webiyada gobolka Cape iyadoo uu ku jiro Webiga Palmiet (dhexda) | align = center | image2 = Palmiet River Mouth (1 of 1).jpg | caption2 = Sawir hawada laga qaaday oo muujinaya afka Webiga Palmiet ee [[Kleinmond]] iyadoo uu ku qulqulayo Badweynta Atlaantikga. }} == Biyo-xireennada ku yaal webigan == *Applethwaite Lake *[[Arieskraal Dam|Biyo-xireenka Arieskraal]] *[[Eikenhof Dam|Biyo-xireenka Eikenhof]] *[[Kogelberg Dam|Biyo-xireenka Kogelberg]] *Nuweberg Dam *[[Transpalmiet Dam|Biyo-xireenka Transpalmiet]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category}} *[http://www.sa-venues.com/things-to-do/westerncape/walk-the-palmiet-river-trail/ Ku soco dariiqa Webiga Palmiet (Kleinmond)] *[http://www.gone-fishing.co.za/tag/kleinmond-palmiet-river/ ‘Kleinmond. Webiga Palmiet’] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gone-fishing.co.za/tag/kleinmond-palmiet-river/ |date=20120126051938 }} {{coord|34|19|52.36|S|18|59|26.36|E|region:ZA-NL_type:landmark|display=title}} ezyvguodnfbnerk90skx8noijpa9rvq 10 48572 300905 2026-07-06T15:17:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300905 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Multiple image]] 04dxv54ms9wl3xorq4rsjok04m03zh8 0 48573 300906 2026-07-06T15:19:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Great Brak | native_name = {{native name|af|Groot Brakrivier}} | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = [[Afrikaans]]: [[Brackish water|biyo cusbo leh]]<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Qaamuuska Magacyada Goobaha Koonfur Afrika]</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Great Brak <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Western Cape]] | subdivision_type3 = Gobolka | subdivision_name3 = [[Garden Route]] | subdivision_type4 = Degmada | subdivision_name4 = Degmada Eden | subdivision_type5 = Degmada | subdivision_name5 = Degmada Mossel Bay <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Western Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|34|03|35|S|22|14|33|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Great Brak''' ({{langx|af|Groot-Brakrivier}}) waa webi ku yaal [[Western Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Afka webiga wuxuu ku yaallaa magaalada [[Great Brak River (town)|Great Brak River]] oo hoos timaada [[Mossel Bay Municipality|Degmada Mossel Bay]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mosselbay.gov.za/about_us |title=Degmada Mossel Bay |access-date=2011-07-26 }}</ref> Magaalooyinka ugu dhow waa [[Mossel Bay]], 24&nbsp;km dhanka galbeed, iyo magaalada ugu weyn gobolka [[George, Western Cape|George]], 34&nbsp;km dhanka bari marka la maro waddada. Laamaha ugu waaweyn ee Great Brak waa [[Perdeberg River|Webiga Perdeberg]], [[Tweeriviere River|Webiga Tweeriviere]] iyo [[Varings River|Webiga Varings]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA16Gouritz.jpg Gouritz WMA 16]</ref> [[Wolwedans Dam|Biyo-xireenka Wolwedans]] waa biyo-xireenka kaliya ee webiga ku yaal. == Taariikh == Sannadkii 1734 [[Jan de la Fontaine]], Guddoomiyaha [[Cape Province|Gobolka Cape]], wuxuu ku dhawaaqay [[Mossel Bay]] in ay leedahay [[Dutch East India Company|Shirkadda Hindiya ee Bariga Holland]] waxaana Webiga Great Brak loogu dhawaaqay inuu yahay xadka bari ee Cape. Webigan waa inaan lagu khaldin [[Brak River|Webiga Brak]] ee ku yaal [[Limpopo Province|Gobolka Limpopo]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} 0p4lw1meowm757ljwz6hezitimhd61p 0 48574 300907 2026-07-06T15:22:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Groot | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Laga soo qaatay ''Grootrivier'', oo macnaheedu yahay "webi weyn" luuqadda [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Groot <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Western Cape]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = _ | source1_location = [[Cederberg Mountains]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | source_confluence = [[Twee River|Twee]] / [[Lang River|Lang]] | source_confluence_location = | source_confluence_coordinates= {{coord|32|46|29|S|19|17|35|E|display=inline}} | source_confluence_elevation = {{convert|735|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Riet River (Doring)|Webiga Riet]] | mouth_location = Isdhexgalka Webiga Riet, [[Western Cape]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|32|36|48|S|19|27|10|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|456|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Groot''' (Ingiriisi: "Webiga Weyn") waa webi ku yaal gobolka [[Western Cape Province|Western Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waa qayb ka mid ah nidaamka [[Olifants/Doring River|Webiga Olifants/Doring]]. Waa inaan lagu khaldin [[Groot River (Eastern Cape)|Webiga Groot ee Eastern Cape]] ama [[Groot River (Southern Cape)|Webiga Groot ee Southern Cape]]. == Koorsada == Waxaa sameeyay isdhexgalka Webiga Twee iyo Webiga Lang, oo ka soo qulqula jiirarka bariga ee [[Cederberg Mountains]], koonfur-bari ee [[Citrusdal]]. Webiga Groot wuxuu u qulqulaa dhanka bari isagoo dhex mara buuraha Skurweberge halkaas oo uu ku biiro [[Riet River (Doring)|Webiga Riet]] kaas oo ka soo jeeda sida Webiga Winkelhaak iyo Webiga Houdenbeks waqooyiga [[Ceres, Western Cape|Ceres]]. Isdhexgalkan hoostiisa, Webiga Riet waxaa ku biira Webiga Brandkraals iyo Webiga Matjies, ka dibna wuxuu ku qulqulaa [[Doring River|Webiga Doring]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA17OlifantsDoorn.jpg Olifants/Doorn WMA 17]</ref> == Deegaanka == [[Clanwilliam Yellowfish]] (''Labeobarbus capensis''), oo ah kalluun maxalli ah oo [[endemism|endemik]] ah oo lagu kala saaray [[Vulnerable species|Nugul]] ee [[IUCN]], ayaa laga helaa webigan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf |title=Warbixinta Farsamada ee Xaaladda Kalluunka Yellowfishes ee Koonfur Afrika 2007 |access-date=2012-03-29}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverWCDoring/DORINGRiver_Tributories%20.htm Webiga Doring: Laamaha] abc32tledsmfmwz5oxbwzp3otjn5al9 300949 300907 2026-07-07T04:54:37Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 300949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Groot | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Laga soo qaatay ''Grootrivier'', oo macnaheedu yahay "webi weyn" luuqadda [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Groot <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Western Cape]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = _ | source1_location = [[Cederberg Mountains]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | source_confluence = [[Twee River|Twee]] / [[Lang River|Lang]] | source_confluence_location = | source_confluence_coordinates= {{coord|32|46|29|S|19|17|35|E|display=inline}} | source_confluence_elevation = {{convert|735|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Riet River (Doring)|Webiga Riet]] | mouth_location = Isdhexgalka Webiga Riet, [[Western Cape]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|32|36|48|S|19|27|10|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|456|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Groot''' (Ingiriisi: "Webiga Weyn") waa webi ku yaal gobolka [[Western Cape Province|Western Cape]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waa qayb ka mid ah nidaamka [[Olifants/Doring River|Webiga Olifants/Doring]]. Waa inaan lagu khaldin [[Groot River (Eastern Cape)|Webiga Groot ee Eastern Cape]] ama [[Groot River (Southern Cape)|Webiga Groot ee Southern Cape]]. == Koorsada == Waxaa sameeyay isdhexgalka Webiga Twee iyo Webiga Lang, oo ka soo qulqula jiirarka bariga ee [[Cederberg Mountains]], koonfur-bari ee [[Citrusdal]]. Webiga Groot wuxuu u qulqulaa dhanka bari isagoo dhex mara buuraha Skurweberge halkaas oo uu ku biiro [[Riet River (Doring)|Webiga Riet]] kaas oo ka soo jeeda sida Webiga Winkelhaak iyo Webiga Houdenbeks waqooyiga [[Ceres, Western Cape|Ceres]]. Isdhexgalkan hoostiisa, Webiga Riet waxaa ku biira Webiga Brandkraals iyo Webiga Matjies, ka dibna wuxuu ku qulqulaa [[Doring River|Webiga Doring]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA17OlifantsDoorn.jpg Olifants/Doorn WMA 17]</ref> == Deegaanka == [[Clanwilliam Yellowfish]] (''Labeobarbus capensis''), oo ah kalluun maxalli ah oo [[endemism|endemik]] ah oo lagu kala saaray [[Vulnerable species|Nugul]] ee [[IUCN]], ayaa laga helaa webigan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf |title=Warbixinta Farsamada ee Xaaladda Kalluunka Yellowfishes ee Koonfur Afrika 2007 |access-date=2012-03-29 |archive-date=2017-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629065416/http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverWCDoring/DORINGRiver_Tributories%20.htm Webiga Doring: Laamaha] ly3n9e5f59pkw646ddjzbabyenig07y 0 48575 300908 2026-07-06T15:24:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Mogalakwena | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Waxay ka dhigan tahay "yaxaaska dagaalka badan", oo ka timid ''bogale'' ama ''mogale'', 'dagaal badan' iyo ''kwena'', 'yaxaaska' ee [[Tswana language|luuqadda Tswana]]<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Qaamuuska Magacyada Goobaha Koonfur Afrika] La soo xigtay 20 Maarso 2012.</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Mogalakwenarivier,_stroomaf_in_droë_seisoen,_Magagamatala,_b.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = muuqaalka sariirta webiga ee ciidda ah xilliga jiilaalka, u dhow Magagamatala ee waqooyiga [[Limpopo Province|Limpopo]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Mogalakwena <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Limpopo Province|Limpopo]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|24|16|25|S|28|58|37|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1060|m|abbr=on}} | source_confluence = [[Nyl River|Webiga Nyl]] | source_confluence_location = Koonfurta isdhexgalka [[Dorps River|Webiga Dorps]] | source_confluence_coordinates= | source_confluence_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]], xadka Koonfur Afrika/[[Botswana]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|22|27|24|S|28|55|25|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|634|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|19195|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = <ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Webiyada iyo durdurrada waaweyn ee ku yaal Barkadda Webiga Limpopo] La soo xigtay 18 Maarso 2012.</ref> }} '''Webiga Mogalakwena''' ({{langx|af|Mogalakwenarivier}}) waa mid ka mid ah biyo-mareennada waaweyn ee [[Limpopo Province|Gobolka Limpopo]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Sidoo kale waa laan weyn oo ka mid ah [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]]. == Koorsada == [[file:Waterberg SPOT 1369.jpg|thumb|left|<small>Sawirka [[SPOT Satellite]] ee waqooyiga Waterberg oo muujinaya dhanka midig Webiga Mogalakwena oo joogga 900 m. Tuulooyinka dhinaca ku yaal waa [[Kabeane]], [[Jakkalskuil]] iyo Ga-Molekwa (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Galakwena) ee [[Mogalakwena Local Municipality|Degmada Mogalakwena]].</small>]] Webigan wuxuu ka qulqulaa dhanka bari ee [[Waterberg Massif]] dhanka waqooyi-bari iyadoo loo marayo bannaanka daadadka oo ballaaran sida [[Nyl River|Webiga Nyl]]. Qiyaastii 80&nbsp;km ka dib wuxuu bilaabaa inuu u leexdo waqooyiga magaciisuna wuxuu u beddelaa Mogalakwena. Kadib wuxuu ku qulqulaa [[Limpopo Province|Gobolka Limpopo]] ilaa uu ka gaaro bangiga midig ee [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]] ee xadka Koonfur Afrika/[[Botswana]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA1Limpopo.jpg Limpopo WMA 1]</ref> Barkadda Mogalakwena waxaa saameeya wareegga roobka oo shan sano ah kaas oo webigu uu ku dhowaad qallalan yahay shan sano, waxaana ku xiga shan sano oo kale oo ay jirto qulqulka biyaha oo ku filan.<ref>[http://www.hsrc.ac.za/research/output/outputDocuments/3502_Roefs_Mogalakwena_Assessmentofinformation.pdf Degmada Mogalakwena: qiimaynta macluumaadka] ([[Portable Document Format|PDF]]) La soo xigtay 18 Maarso 2012.</ref> Sannadkii 2016 webigu wuxuu lahaa biyaha ugu yar ee xusuusta nool, tuulayaashii [[Bokwidi]] ayaana ku qasbanaaday inay qodaan ciidda si ay u helaan biyo xoolahooda.<ref name="n24">{{cite news |title=Tuulooyinka Limpopo oo lagu qasbay inay u qodaan biyo |url=https://www.news24.com/News24/limpopo-villagers-forced-to-dig-for-water-20160118 |access-date=13 Sebtembar 2021 |work=Mokopane |agency=News24 |publisher=news24.com |date=18 Janaayo 2016}}</ref> Waxaa jira 8 biyo-xireen oo ku yaal barkadda Mogalakwena.<ref>[http://www.limpoporak.com/en/river/sub-basin+summaries/Mogalakwena.aspx Barkadda hoose ee Mogalakwena] La soo xigtay 24 Maarso 2012.</ref> Feejignaanta ugu sarreysa ee [[hippopotamus|hippo-ga]] ee Webiga Limpopo waxaa laga helaa inta u dhexeysa [[Mokolo River|Webiga Mokolo]] iyo Webiyada Mogalakwena.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/limpopo/mokolo_06.pdf Warbixinta Xaaladda Webiyada: Webiga Mokolo] (PDF)</ref> == Laamaha == [[File:Klein-Magalakwenarivier, laatsomer-2021, Limpopo, e.jpg|thumb|left|Webiga Little Mogalakwena (ama Motse) ee u dhow [[Marken, Limpopo|Marken]], Limpopo, waa laan ku taal bangiga bidix ee Mogalakwena]] Qaybta sare ama koonfureed ee Webiga Mogalakwena waa Webiga Nyl, oo caan ku ah bannaankiisa daadadka ballaaran, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Nyl pan ({{langx|af|Nylsvlei}}). Bannaanka daadadka ayaa qayb ahaan lagu kaydiyaa [[Nylsvley Nature Reserve|Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Nylsvley]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.limpoposouth.co.za/P20050520145545229.htm# |title=Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Nylsvley |access-date=2012-03-18}}</ref> wuxuuna ku darayaa mid ka mid ah [[ecosystem|nidaamyada deegaanka]] ugu waaweyn ee Koonfur Afrika ee [[aquatic bird|shimbiraha biyaha]].<ref>[http://www.wrc.org.za/Lists/Knowledge%20Hub%20Items/Attachments/5388/2007_Jan_07_1996b_ABSTRACT.pdf Qaabaynta biyaha iyo biyaha ee bannaanka daadadka Webiga Nyl] (PDF) La soo xigtay 18 Maarso 2012.</ref> [[Mothlakole River|Webiga Mothlakole]], [[Dorps River|Webiga Dorps]], [[Rooisloot River|Webiga Rooisloot]] (midig), [[Groot Sandsloot River|Webiga Groot Sandsloot]] (midig), [[Witrivier (river)|Webiga Witrivier]] (midig), [[Sterk River|Webiga Sterk]] (bidix), [[Mokamolo River|Webiga Mokamolo]] (bidix), [[Little Mogalakwena River|Webiga Little Mogalakwena]] (bidix), [[Matlalane River|Webiga Matlalane]] (midig), [[Seepabana River|Webiga Seepabana]] (midig), [[Ga-Mamoleka River|Webiga Ga-Mamoleka]] (midig), [[Pholotsi River|Webiga Pholotsi]] iyo [[Thwathwe River|Webiga Thwathwe]] waa qaar ka mid ah laamaha Mogalakwena.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Other/WMA/1/optimised/LIMPOPO%20REPORT%20PART%20B%20AND%20APPENDICES.pdf Biyo-qabashada Mogalakwena] (PDF)</ref><ref name="wal1">{{cite book |last1=Walton |first1=Christopher (ed.) |last2=O'Hagan |first2=Tim |title=Reader's Digest Atlas of Southern Africa |date=1984 |publisher=Reader's Digest Association South Africa |location=Cape Town |isbn=0-947-008-02-0 |pages=190–191, 194}}</ref> == Biyo-xireennada ku yaal barkadda == *[[Glen Alpine Dam|Biyo-xireenka Glen Alpine]] *[[Doorndraai Dam|Biyo-xireenka Doorndraai]], oo ku yaal [[Sterk River|Webiga Sterk]] *[[Combrink Dam|Biyo-xireenka Combrink]], oo ku yaal [[Dorps River|Webiga Dorps]] *[[Donkerpoort Dam|Biyo-xireenka Donkerpoort]], oo ku yaal [[Klein Nyl River|Webiga Klein Nyl]] == Qowmiyadaha == Gobolku wuxuu leeyahay hidde qani ah oo ah hoggaamiyeyaasha Bantu iyo San. iyadoo Transvaal Ndebele ee dadka Langa ay ka kooban yihiin qowmiyadda ugu weyn ee biyo-qabashada webiga, waxaa ku xiga bapedi ee Puka-Phokela, Lebelo kgomo iyo dadka Tsonga Nkuna. Ugu dambeyntii [[Vaalpens|Kattea]], dad reer guuraa ah oo aan la aqoon oo u dhow [[San people|dadka San]], ayaa u isticmaali jiray inay ku noolaadaan dhulalka dhinaca Mogalakwena hoose. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sannadkii 1905, waxay u dhimeen boqollaal shakhsiyaad ah. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/study-to-determine-minelinked-water-needs-nears-completion-2003-08-08 Daraasad lagu go'aaminayo baahiyaha biyaha ee macdanta ku xiran ayaa ku dhow dhammaystirka] *[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=7082 ZA007 Nyl webiga bannaanka daadadka] {{Authority control}} lsr35rw8fstvc8k7srr56jg6kue77x1 300951 300908 2026-07-07T04:55:19Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 300951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Mogalakwena | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Waxay ka dhigan tahay "yaxaaska dagaalka badan", oo ka timid ''bogale'' ama ''mogale'', 'dagaal badan' iyo ''kwena'', 'yaxaaska' ee [[Tswana language|luuqadda Tswana]]<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Qaamuuska Magacyada Goobaha Koonfur Afrika] La soo xigtay 20 Maarso 2012.</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Mogalakwenarivier,_stroomaf_in_droë_seisoen,_Magagamatala,_b.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = muuqaalka sariirta webiga ee ciidda ah xilliga jiilaalka, u dhow Magagamatala ee waqooyiga [[Limpopo Province|Limpopo]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Mogalakwena <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Limpopo Province|Limpopo]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|24|16|25|S|28|58|37|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1060|m|abbr=on}} | source_confluence = [[Nyl River|Webiga Nyl]] | source_confluence_location = Koonfurta isdhexgalka [[Dorps River|Webiga Dorps]] | source_confluence_coordinates= | source_confluence_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]], xadka Koonfur Afrika/[[Botswana]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|22|27|24|S|28|55|25|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|634|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|19195|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = <ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Webiyada iyo durdurrada waaweyn ee ku yaal Barkadda Webiga Limpopo] La soo xigtay 18 Maarso 2012.</ref> }} '''Webiga Mogalakwena''' ({{langx|af|Mogalakwenarivier}}) waa mid ka mid ah biyo-mareennada waaweyn ee [[Limpopo Province|Gobolka Limpopo]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Sidoo kale waa laan weyn oo ka mid ah [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]]. == Koorsada == [[file:Waterberg SPOT 1369.jpg|thumb|left|<small>Sawirka [[SPOT Satellite]] ee waqooyiga Waterberg oo muujinaya dhanka midig Webiga Mogalakwena oo joogga 900 m. Tuulooyinka dhinaca ku yaal waa [[Kabeane]], [[Jakkalskuil]] iyo Ga-Molekwa (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Galakwena) ee [[Mogalakwena Local Municipality|Degmada Mogalakwena]].</small>]] Webigan wuxuu ka qulqulaa dhanka bari ee [[Waterberg Massif]] dhanka waqooyi-bari iyadoo loo marayo bannaanka daadadka oo ballaaran sida [[Nyl River|Webiga Nyl]]. Qiyaastii 80&nbsp;km ka dib wuxuu bilaabaa inuu u leexdo waqooyiga magaciisuna wuxuu u beddelaa Mogalakwena. Kadib wuxuu ku qulqulaa [[Limpopo Province|Gobolka Limpopo]] ilaa uu ka gaaro bangiga midig ee [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]] ee xadka Koonfur Afrika/[[Botswana]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA1Limpopo.jpg Limpopo WMA 1]</ref> Barkadda Mogalakwena waxaa saameeya wareegga roobka oo shan sano ah kaas oo webigu uu ku dhowaad qallalan yahay shan sano, waxaana ku xiga shan sano oo kale oo ay jirto qulqulka biyaha oo ku filan.<ref>[http://www.hsrc.ac.za/research/output/outputDocuments/3502_Roefs_Mogalakwena_Assessmentofinformation.pdf Degmada Mogalakwena: qiimaynta macluumaadka] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hsrc.ac.za/research/output/outputDocuments/3502_Roefs_Mogalakwena_Assessmentofinformation.pdf |date=20010101010100 }} ([[Portable Document Format|PDF]]) La soo xigtay 18 Maarso 2012.</ref> Sannadkii 2016 webigu wuxuu lahaa biyaha ugu yar ee xusuusta nool, tuulayaashii [[Bokwidi]] ayaana ku qasbanaaday inay qodaan ciidda si ay u helaan biyo xoolahooda.<ref name="n24">{{cite news |title=Tuulooyinka Limpopo oo lagu qasbay inay u qodaan biyo |url=https://www.news24.com/News24/limpopo-villagers-forced-to-dig-for-water-20160118 |access-date=13 Sebtembar 2021 |work=Mokopane |agency=News24 |publisher=news24.com |date=18 Janaayo 2016}}</ref> Waxaa jira 8 biyo-xireen oo ku yaal barkadda Mogalakwena.<ref>[http://www.limpoporak.com/en/river/sub-basin+summaries/Mogalakwena.aspx Barkadda hoose ee Mogalakwena] {{Wayback|url=http://www.limpoporak.com/en/river/sub-basin+summaries/Mogalakwena.aspx |date=20120420012244 }} La soo xigtay 24 Maarso 2012.</ref> Feejignaanta ugu sarreysa ee [[hippopotamus|hippo-ga]] ee Webiga Limpopo waxaa laga helaa inta u dhexeysa [[Mokolo River|Webiga Mokolo]] iyo Webiyada Mogalakwena.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/limpopo/mokolo_06.pdf Warbixinta Xaaladda Webiyada: Webiga Mokolo] (PDF)</ref> == Laamaha == [[File:Klein-Magalakwenarivier, laatsomer-2021, Limpopo, e.jpg|thumb|left|Webiga Little Mogalakwena (ama Motse) ee u dhow [[Marken, Limpopo|Marken]], Limpopo, waa laan ku taal bangiga bidix ee Mogalakwena]] Qaybta sare ama koonfureed ee Webiga Mogalakwena waa Webiga Nyl, oo caan ku ah bannaankiisa daadadka ballaaran, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Nyl pan ({{langx|af|Nylsvlei}}). Bannaanka daadadka ayaa qayb ahaan lagu kaydiyaa [[Nylsvley Nature Reserve|Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Nylsvley]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.limpoposouth.co.za/P20050520145545229.htm |title=Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Nylsvley |access-date=2012-03-18 |archive-date=2013-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913020720/http://www.limpoposouth.co.za/P20050520145545229.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> wuxuuna ku darayaa mid ka mid ah [[ecosystem|nidaamyada deegaanka]] ugu waaweyn ee Koonfur Afrika ee [[aquatic bird|shimbiraha biyaha]].<ref>[http://www.wrc.org.za/Lists/Knowledge%20Hub%20Items/Attachments/5388/2007_Jan_07_1996b_ABSTRACT.pdf Qaabaynta biyaha iyo biyaha ee bannaanka daadadka Webiga Nyl] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wrc.org.za/Lists/Knowledge%20Hub%20Items/Attachments/5388/2007_Jan_07_1996b_ABSTRACT.pdf |date=20181006000429 }} (PDF) La soo xigtay 18 Maarso 2012.</ref> [[Mothlakole River|Webiga Mothlakole]], [[Dorps River|Webiga Dorps]], [[Rooisloot River|Webiga Rooisloot]] (midig), [[Groot Sandsloot River|Webiga Groot Sandsloot]] (midig), [[Witrivier (river)|Webiga Witrivier]] (midig), [[Sterk River|Webiga Sterk]] (bidix), [[Mokamolo River|Webiga Mokamolo]] (bidix), [[Little Mogalakwena River|Webiga Little Mogalakwena]] (bidix), [[Matlalane River|Webiga Matlalane]] (midig), [[Seepabana River|Webiga Seepabana]] (midig), [[Ga-Mamoleka River|Webiga Ga-Mamoleka]] (midig), [[Pholotsi River|Webiga Pholotsi]] iyo [[Thwathwe River|Webiga Thwathwe]] waa qaar ka mid ah laamaha Mogalakwena.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Other/WMA/1/optimised/LIMPOPO%20REPORT%20PART%20B%20AND%20APPENDICES.pdf Biyo-qabashada Mogalakwena] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Other/WMA/1/optimised/LIMPOPO%20REPORT%20PART%20B%20AND%20APPENDICES.pdf |date=20160304030747 }} (PDF)</ref><ref name="wal1">{{cite book |last1=Walton |first1=Christopher (ed.) |last2=O'Hagan |first2=Tim |title=Reader's Digest Atlas of Southern Africa |date=1984 |publisher=Reader's Digest Association South Africa |location=Cape Town |isbn=0-947-008-02-0 |pages=190–191, 194}}</ref> == Biyo-xireennada ku yaal barkadda == *[[Glen Alpine Dam|Biyo-xireenka Glen Alpine]] *[[Doorndraai Dam|Biyo-xireenka Doorndraai]], oo ku yaal [[Sterk River|Webiga Sterk]] *[[Combrink Dam|Biyo-xireenka Combrink]], oo ku yaal [[Dorps River|Webiga Dorps]] *[[Donkerpoort Dam|Biyo-xireenka Donkerpoort]], oo ku yaal [[Klein Nyl River|Webiga Klein Nyl]] == Qowmiyadaha == Gobolku wuxuu leeyahay hidde qani ah oo ah hoggaamiyeyaasha Bantu iyo San. iyadoo Transvaal Ndebele ee dadka Langa ay ka kooban yihiin qowmiyadda ugu weyn ee biyo-qabashada webiga, waxaa ku xiga bapedi ee Puka-Phokela, Lebelo kgomo iyo dadka Tsonga Nkuna. Ugu dambeyntii [[Vaalpens|Kattea]], dad reer guuraa ah oo aan la aqoon oo u dhow [[San people|dadka San]], ayaa u isticmaali jiray inay ku noolaadaan dhulalka dhinaca Mogalakwena hoose. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sannadkii 1905, waxay u dhimeen boqollaal shakhsiyaad ah. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/study-to-determine-minelinked-water-needs-nears-completion-2003-08-08 Daraasad lagu go'aaminayo baahiyaha biyaha ee macdanta ku xiran ayaa ku dhow dhammaystirka] *[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=7082 ZA007 Nyl webiga bannaanka daadadka] {{Authority control}} 66iri5n7afuoxghow5oriuxqwmytbjt 0 48576 300909 2026-07-06T15:26:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Mokolo | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Waxay ka dhigan tahay "qoto dheer oo aamusan" ama "qulqul weyn" oo ku jirta [[Tswana language|luuqadda Tswana]].<ref>[http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf Magacyada Asalka ah ee Transvaal]</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Mokolo <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Limpopo Province|Limpopo]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Waterberg Massif]] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | source_confluence = Isdhexgalka [[Sand River (Mokolo)|Webiga Sand]] iyo [[Grootspruit River|Webiga Grootspruit]] | source_confluence_location = U dhow [[Alma, Limpopo|Alma]] | source_confluence_coordinates= {{coord|24|27|56|S|28|3|47|E|display=inline}} | source_confluence_elevation = {{convert|1202|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]], xadka Koonfur Afrika/[[Botswana]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|23|13|55|S|27|43|10|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|799|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|8387|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = [http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Webiyada iyo durdurrada waaweyn ee ku yaal Barkadda Webiga Limpopo] }} [[File:Almasign.JPG|thumb|right|Calaamadda waddada oo ka baxsan Laerskool Alma, oo u dhow isdhexgalka calaamadeeya bilowga Webiga Mokolo]] '''Webiga Mokolo''' waa biyo-mareen weyn oo ku yaal [[Limpopo Province|Gobolka Limpopo]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Webigan wuxuu ururiyaa inta badan biyo-mareenka [[Waterberg Massif]] wuxuuna ku shubaa [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]]. Aagga biyo-qabashada ee webigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay {{convert|8,387|km2|sqmi}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eskom.co.za/content/AppKDWAFBriefingFinal.pdf |title=Xogta Webiga Mokolo |access-date=2007-01-24 }}</ref> == Koorsada == Webiga Mokolo iyo laamihiisa sare waxay ka kacaan qaybta koonfur-galbeed ee Waterberg, inta u dhexeysa 1200 iyo 1600 mitir ka sarreeya heerka badda. Mokolo lafteedu waxay ka soo jeedaa qiyaastii 1.5&nbsp;km waqooyiga [[Alma, Limpopo|Alma]] isdhexgalka [[Sand River (Mokolo)|Webiga Sand]] iyo [[Grootspruit River|Webiga Grootspruit]] ee aag fidsan, oo furan oo leh [[koppie|buuro]] badan. Wax yar ka dib waxay u qulqushaa waqooyiga iyada oo dhex marta marin cidhiidhi ah oo ka soo baxaysa kor ku xusan magaalada [[Vaalwater]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA1Limpopo.jpg Limpopo WMA 1]</ref> Markay u socoto waqooyiga waxay dhex martaa waqooyiga Waterberg, oo ah qaab-dhismeed dhagax ballaaran oo ay qaabeeyeen boqollaal milyan oo sano oo nabaad-guurka webiga ah si ay u soo saaraan dhulal kala duwan iyo [[butte|buuro]].<ref name="Hogan">[http://www.luminatechnologies.org/lumaw.html C.Michael Hogan, Mark L. Cooke iyo Helen Murray, ''The Waterberg Biosphere'', Lumina Technologies, May 22, 2006.]</ref> Kadib webigu wuxuu u qulqulaa aagga isbarbar-dhigga ah ee [[lowveld]] ilaa uu ka galo [[Mokolo Dam|Biyo-xireenka Mokolo]]. Halkaas, waxay u qulqushaa marin kale ka hor intaysan gelin Bannaanka Limpopo, u dhow isgoyska [[Rietspruit|Rietspruit]]. Laga bilaabo bartaas, Webiga Mokolo wuxuu u qulqulaa aagag ciid ah oo fidsan ilaa uu ka gaaro bangiga bari ee Limpopo. === Laamaha iyo biyo-xireennada === Laamaha ugu muhiimsan ee Mokolo waa: Webiga Sand (qaybta ugu sareysa ee loo yaqaan 'Little Nyl'), Webiga Klein Sand, Sandspruit, Sondagsloop, Loubadspruit, Grootspruit, Sterkstroom, Brakspruit, Malmanies, Bulspruit, Rietspruit, Sandloop, Poer se Loop iyo [[Tambotie River|Webiga Tambotie]]. [[Mokolo Dam|Biyo-xireenka Mokolo]] waa biyo-xireenka kaliya ee weyn ee nidaamka ku yaal.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/limpopo/mokolo_06.pdf Warbixinta Xaaladda Webiyada: Webiga Mokolo]</ref> == Deegaanka == Qiyaastii 87 boqolkiiba isticmaalka biyaha webiga waa [[agriculture|beeraha]]. Dib-u-soo-celinta qaar ka mid ah [[wetland|qoyan]] ee Mokolo sare ayaa la fuliyay dadaalkaasna waxaa loo tixgeliyey guul.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.psybergate.com/wetfix/Progress/Progress5/Progress.htm |title=Mashaariicda dib-u-soo-celinta qoyan ee Barkadda Limpopo iyo biyaha kale ee Koonfur Afrika |access-date=2007-01-24 }}</ref> [[Mokolo Dam Nature Reserve|Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Biyo-xireenka Mokolo]] wuxuu ku yaal dhinaca bari iyo koonfurta ee kaydka Biyo-xireenka Mokolo.<ref>[http://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/np_mokololo-dam.htm Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Biyo-xireenka Mokolo, Limpopo]</ref> Feejignaanta ugu sarreysa ee [[hippopotamus|hippo-ga]] ee Webiga Limpopo waxaa laga helaa inta u dhexeysa afafka Webiyada Mokolo iyo [[Mogalakwena River|Webiga Mogalakwena]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/np_mokololo-dam.htm Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Biyo-xireenka Mokolo, Limpopo] *[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/xtra/Water_Quality_Situation_Assessments.pdf Qiimaynta Xaaladda Tayada Khayraadka Biyaha] 0pntx4o8k9dd9rj92o0wl3ld4qc0alq 300952 300909 2026-07-07T04:55:21Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 300952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Mokolo | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Waxay ka dhigan tahay "qoto dheer oo aamusan" ama "qulqul weyn" oo ku jirta [[Tswana language|luuqadda Tswana]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Magacyada Asalka ah ee Transvaal |url=http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |access-date=2026-07-06 |archive-date=2008-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031094929/http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Mokolo <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Limpopo Province|Limpopo]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Waterberg Massif]] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | source_confluence = Isdhexgalka [[Sand River (Mokolo)|Webiga Sand]] iyo [[Grootspruit River|Webiga Grootspruit]] | source_confluence_location = U dhow [[Alma, Limpopo|Alma]] | source_confluence_coordinates= {{coord|24|27|56|S|28|3|47|E|display=inline}} | source_confluence_elevation = {{convert|1202|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]], xadka Koonfur Afrika/[[Botswana]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|23|13|55|S|27|43|10|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|799|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|8387|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = [http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Webiyada iyo durdurrada waaweyn ee ku yaal Barkadda Webiga Limpopo] }} [[File:Almasign.JPG|thumb|right|Calaamadda waddada oo ka baxsan Laerskool Alma, oo u dhow isdhexgalka calaamadeeya bilowga Webiga Mokolo]] '''Webiga Mokolo''' waa biyo-mareen weyn oo ku yaal [[Limpopo Province|Gobolka Limpopo]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Webigan wuxuu ururiyaa inta badan biyo-mareenka [[Waterberg Massif]] wuxuuna ku shubaa [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]]. Aagga biyo-qabashada ee webigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay {{convert|8,387|km2|sqmi}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eskom.co.za/content/AppKDWAFBriefingFinal.pdf |title=Xogta Webiga Mokolo |access-date=2007-01-24 }}</ref> == Koorsada == Webiga Mokolo iyo laamihiisa sare waxay ka kacaan qaybta koonfur-galbeed ee Waterberg, inta u dhexeysa 1200 iyo 1600 mitir ka sarreeya heerka badda. Mokolo lafteedu waxay ka soo jeedaa qiyaastii 1.5&nbsp;km waqooyiga [[Alma, Limpopo|Alma]] isdhexgalka [[Sand River (Mokolo)|Webiga Sand]] iyo [[Grootspruit River|Webiga Grootspruit]] ee aag fidsan, oo furan oo leh [[koppie|buuro]] badan. Wax yar ka dib waxay u qulqushaa waqooyiga iyada oo dhex marta marin cidhiidhi ah oo ka soo baxaysa kor ku xusan magaalada [[Vaalwater]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA1Limpopo.jpg Limpopo WMA 1]</ref> Markay u socoto waqooyiga waxay dhex martaa waqooyiga Waterberg, oo ah qaab-dhismeed dhagax ballaaran oo ay qaabeeyeen boqollaal milyan oo sano oo nabaad-guurka webiga ah si ay u soo saaraan dhulal kala duwan iyo [[butte|buuro]].<ref name="Hogan">[http://www.luminatechnologies.org/lumaw.html C.Michael Hogan, Mark L. Cooke iyo Helen Murray, ''The Waterberg Biosphere'', Lumina Technologies, May 22, 2006.]</ref> Kadib webigu wuxuu u qulqulaa aagga isbarbar-dhigga ah ee [[lowveld]] ilaa uu ka galo [[Mokolo Dam|Biyo-xireenka Mokolo]]. Halkaas, waxay u qulqushaa marin kale ka hor intaysan gelin Bannaanka Limpopo, u dhow isgoyska [[Rietspruit|Rietspruit]]. Laga bilaabo bartaas, Webiga Mokolo wuxuu u qulqulaa aagag ciid ah oo fidsan ilaa uu ka gaaro bangiga bari ee Limpopo. === Laamaha iyo biyo-xireennada === Laamaha ugu muhiimsan ee Mokolo waa: Webiga Sand (qaybta ugu sareysa ee loo yaqaan 'Little Nyl'), Webiga Klein Sand, Sandspruit, Sondagsloop, Loubadspruit, Grootspruit, Sterkstroom, Brakspruit, Malmanies, Bulspruit, Rietspruit, Sandloop, Poer se Loop iyo [[Tambotie River|Webiga Tambotie]]. [[Mokolo Dam|Biyo-xireenka Mokolo]] waa biyo-xireenka kaliya ee weyn ee nidaamka ku yaal.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/limpopo/mokolo_06.pdf Warbixinta Xaaladda Webiyada: Webiga Mokolo]</ref> == Deegaanka == Qiyaastii 87 boqolkiiba isticmaalka biyaha webiga waa [[agriculture|beeraha]]. Dib-u-soo-celinta qaar ka mid ah [[wetland|qoyan]] ee Mokolo sare ayaa la fuliyay dadaalkaasna waxaa loo tixgeliyey guul.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.psybergate.com/wetfix/Progress/Progress5/Progress.htm |title=Mashaariicda dib-u-soo-celinta qoyan ee Barkadda Limpopo iyo biyaha kale ee Koonfur Afrika |access-date=2007-01-24 |archive-date=2007-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822004545/http://www.psybergate.com/wetfix/Progress/Progress5/Progress.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Mokolo Dam Nature Reserve|Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Biyo-xireenka Mokolo]] wuxuu ku yaal dhinaca bari iyo koonfurta ee kaydka Biyo-xireenka Mokolo.<ref>[http://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/np_mokololo-dam.htm Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Biyo-xireenka Mokolo, Limpopo]</ref> Feejignaanta ugu sarreysa ee [[hippopotamus|hippo-ga]] ee Webiga Limpopo waxaa laga helaa inta u dhexeysa afafka Webiyada Mokolo iyo [[Mogalakwena River|Webiga Mogalakwena]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/np_mokololo-dam.htm Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Biyo-xireenka Mokolo, Limpopo] *[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/xtra/Water_Quality_Situation_Assessments.pdf Qiimaynta Xaaladda Tayada Khayraadka Biyaha] l9izfzpijabg4t6m6ekasb8h6qgqbbh 0 48577 300910 2026-07-06T15:37:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Olifants | native_name = {{native name list | tag1=nso|name1=Lepelle | tag2=zu|name2=Obalule | tag3=Nr|name3=iBhalule }} | name_other = ''Olifantsrivier, Rio dos Elefantes'' | name_etymology = ''Olifant'' macnaheedu waa "[[maroodi]]" luuqadda [[Afrikaans]], ''Obalule'', macnaheedu waa "mid dheer oo fidsan" iyo ''Lepelle'' macnaheedu waa "mid si tartiib ah u qulqula" ama "fog"<ref>[http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf Magacyada Asalka ah ee Transvaal]</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->| image = KNP-Olifants_River-001.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Olifants oo qulqulaya [[Kruger National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Kruger]] | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 6 | mapframe-point = none | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta isdhexgalka Olifants-[[Limpopo River|Limpopo]] <!---------------------- LOCATION -->| subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] iyo [[Mozambique|Musanbiig]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobollada | subdivision_name3 = [[Mpumalanga Province|Mpumalanga]], [[Limpopo Province|Limpopo]] iyo [[Gaza Province|Gaza]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = U dhow [[Bethal]] | source1_location = Mpumalanga, [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | source1_coordinates = {{coord|26|20|33|S|29|49|47|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1800|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]] | mouth_location = Gobolka Gaza, [[Mozambique|Musanbiig]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|24|6|44|S|32|38|25|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|54570|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = [[Letaba River|Webiga Letaba]] | tributaries_right = [[Steelpoort River|Webiga Steelpoort]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html|title=Warbixinta Xaaladda Webiyada - Nidaamka Webiga Olifants|publisher=Council for Scientific and Industrial Research|access-date=2009-02-19}}</ref> }} [[File:Limpopo watershed topo.png|thumb|300px|Koorsada iyo biyo-qabashada [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]]. Olifants wuxuu ku biiraa Limpopo dhanka midig, qiyaastii 190 kiiloomitir u jirta Badweynta Hindiya.]] '''Webiga Olifants,''' '''Lepelle''',<ref>[http://www.krugerpark.co.za/krugerpark-times-2-15-olifants-river-lepelle-20557.html Webiga Olifants oo hadda loo yaqaan Lepelle]</ref> '''iBhalule ama Obalule'''<ref>[http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf Magacyada Asalka ah ee Transvaal]</ref> ({{langx|af|Olifantsrivier}}; {{langx|pt|Rio dos Elefantes}}) waa webi ku yaal [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] iyo [[Mozambique|Musanbiig]], oo ah laan ka mid ah [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]]. Wuxuu ku dhacaa Aagga Dheecaanka B ee [[Drainage basins of South Africa|Barkadaha Dheecaanka ee Koonfur Afrika]]. Aagga taariikhiga ah ee [[Pedi people|dadka Pedi]], [[Sekhukhuneland]], wuxuu ku yaallaa inta u dhexeysa Webiga Olifants iyo mid ka mid ah laamihiisa ugu waaweyn, [[Steelpoort River|Webiga Steelpoort]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ezakwantu.com/Tribes%20-%20Ba%20Pedi%20-%20Bapedi%20-%20Northern%20Basotho.htm |title=Ba Pedi |access-date=2012-03-14}}</ref> == Koorsada == Webiga Olifants wuxuu asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa inta u dhexeysa [[Breyten]] iyo [[Bethal]], [[Mpumalanga Province|Gobolka Mpumalanga]].<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Webiyada iyo durdurrada waaweyn ee ku yaal Barkadda Webiga Limpopo]</ref> Wuxuu u qulqulaa waqooyiga dhanka [[Limpopo Province|Gobolka Limpopo]] iyada oo loo marayo [[Witbank Dam|Biyo-xireenka Witbank]] ka dibna [[Loskop Dam|Biyo-xireenka Loskop]] waxaana lagu qasbaa bari by Transvaal [[Drakensberg]], oo ka gooya Abel Erasmus Pass ka dibna u qulqula bari si ka sii fog Lowveld si uu ugu biiro [[Letaba River|Webiga Letaba]]. Wuxuu u gudbaa [[Gaza Province|Gobolka Gaza]], [[Mozambique|Musanbiig]], ka dib markii uu ka soo gooyo [[Lebombo Mountains|Buuraha Lebombo]] iyada oo loo marayo Olifants Gorge, isagoo noqonaya ''Rio dos Elefantes'', oo ugu dambeyntii ku biiraya [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]] 40&nbsp;km ka dib ka hor inta uusan gelin [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] ee [[Xai-Xai]] waqooyiga [[Maputo]].<ref>[http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa Webiyada muhiimka ah ee Koonfur Afrika]</ref> == Tayada biyaha == [[Overgrazing|Daaq-xumada]] ee qaybaha koorsadiisa dhexe waxay keentaa in webigu qaado ciidda nabaad-guurtay ka dib roobab culus.<ref>[http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html Nidaamka Webiga Olifants]</ref> Webiga Olifants wuxuu noqday mid ka mid ah webiyada ugu wasakhaysan Koonfur Afrika, ma ahan qashinka aadanaha ama warshadaha, laakiin waa [[green algae| algae cagaaran]] oo soo kordhaya.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201008161197.html Webiga Olifants oo wasakhaysan oo waqtigu ka dhamaanayo]</ref> Daraasad la sameeyay sannadkii 2013 oo ku taal Beerta Kruger ayaa lagu ogaaday in webigu uu ahaa mesotrophic, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in heerarka nafaqadu ay ahaayeen kuwo hooseeya, in kasta oo koror yar oo [[nitrate|nitrate-ka]] ah uu bilaabi karo [[eutrophication|eutrophication]]. Heerarka aadka u sarreeya ee [[sulphate|sulphate-ka]] waxaa loo aaneeyay macdanta dhuxusha iyo warshadaha ee biyo-qabashada sare.<ref name="smi1">{{cite book |last1=Smit |first1=NJ |last2=Wepener |first2=V |last3=Vlok |first3=W |last4=Wagenaar |first4=GM |last5=van Vuren |first5=JHJ |title=Ilaalinta kalluunka tigerfish, ''Hydrocynus vittatus'', ee Beerta Qaranka Kruger iyadoo xoogga la saarayo dejinta ku-habboonaanta tirada biyaha iyo shuruudaha tayada ee webiyada Olifants iyo Luvuvhu: warbixin loo gudbiyay Guddiga Cilmi-baarista Biyaha |date=2013 |publisher=Guddiga Cilmi-baarista Biyaha |location=Gezina [Koonfur Afrika] |isbn=978-1-4312-0358-1 |page=vi |url=http://www.wrc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/1922-1-121.pdf |access-date=28 February 2022}}</ref> == Laamaha == Laamaha ugu waaweyn ee Webiga Olifants waa [[Letaba River|Webiga Letaba]]<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA2LuvuvuLethaba.jpg Luvuvu Lethaba WMA 2]</ref> iyo [[Steelpoort River|Webiga Steelpoort]] oo loo yaqaan Webiga Tubatse.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Webiyada iyo durdurrada waaweyn ee ku yaal Barkadda Webiga Limpopo]</ref> Laamaha kale waa [[Tongwane River|Tongwane]], [[Blyde River|Blyde]], [[Moses River|Moses]], [[Spekboom River|Spekboom]], [[Timbavati River|Timbavati]], [[Nkumpi River|Nkumpi]], [[Ga-Selati River|Ga-Selati]], [[Klaserie River|Klaserie]], [[Makhutswi River|Makhutswi]], [[Mohlapitse River]], [[Lepellane River]], [[Mohwetse River]] iyo Webiga Ngwaritsi. Qaar ka mid ah laamaha, gaar ahaan [[Klein Olifants River|Webiga Klein Olifants]] (oo ka soo jeeda meel u dhow [[Hendrina]], wuxuu ku biiraa Webiga Olifants ee hoose ee [[Middelburg Dam|Biyo-xireenka Middelburg]]), [[Elands River (Olifants)|Elands]], [[Wilge River (Olifants)|Wilge]] iyo [[Bronkhorstspruit River|Bronkhorstspruit]], waxay ka kacaan daaqsinada [[Highveld]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA4Olifants.jpg WMA 4 ee webiga Olifants]</ref> [[Shingwedzi River|Webiga Shingwedzi]] wuxuu u qulqulaa meel u dhow dhanka waqooyi-bari ee kaydka [[Massingir Dam|Biyo-xireenka Massingir]] wuxuuna ku biiraa bangiga bidix ee Olifants qiyaastii 12&nbsp;km hoos uga dhaca darbiga biyo-xireenka.<ref>[http://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/conservation/scientific/noticeboard/science_network_meeting_2009/Presentations/vlok.pdf Webiga Shingwedzi: maxay u tahay webiga ugu wasakhaysan KNP?]</ref> == Biyo-xireennada == Soddon biyo-xireen oo waaweyn oo ku yaal Barkadda Webiga Olifants waxaa ka mid ah kuwan soo socda: === Koonfur Afrika === *[[Witbank Dam|Biyo-xireenka Witbank]] *[[Rhenosterkop Dam|Biyo-xireenka Rhenosterkop]], oo ku yaal [[Elands River (Olifants)|Webiga Elands]] *[[Rust de Winter Dam|Biyo-xireenka Rust de Winter]] *[[Blyderivierpoort Dam|Biyo-xireenka Blyderivierpoort]] *[[Loskop Dam|Biyo-xireenka Loskop]] *[[Middelburg Dam|Biyo-xireenka Middelburg]], oo ku yaal [[Klein Olifants River|Webiga Klein Olifants]] *[[Ohrigstad Dam|Biyo-xireenka Ohrigstad]] *[[De Hoop Dam (Limpopo)|Biyo-xireenka De Hoop]] *[[Flag Boshielo Dam|Biyo-xireenka Flag Boshielo]] *[[Phalaborwa Barrage|Phalaborwa Barrage]] === Mozambique === *[[Massingir Dam|Biyo-xireenka Massingir]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thekruger.com/olifants/massingirdam.htm |title=Biyo-xireenka Massingir & Daadadka Olifants Gorge |access-date=2012-03-16}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist|30em}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category|Olifants River (Mpumalanga)}} *[http://e-gli.com/south-african-geographical-names/ Magacyada Juqraafiga ee Koonfur Afrika] {{Authority control}} dmz7qmqsl00nk7n75iw61o3ipyaz8eq 300954 300910 2026-07-07T04:56:54Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 300954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Olifants | native_name = {{native name list | tag1=nso|name1=Lepelle | tag2=zu|name2=Obalule | tag3=Nr|name3=iBhalule }} | name_other = ''Olifantsrivier, Rio dos Elefantes'' | name_etymology = ''Olifant'' macnaheedu waa "[[maroodi]]" luuqadda [[Afrikaans]], ''Obalule'', macnaheedu waa "mid dheer oo fidsan" iyo ''Lepelle'' macnaheedu waa "mid si tartiib ah u qulqula" ama "fog"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Magacyada Asalka ah ee Transvaal |url=http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |access-date=2026-07-06 |archive-date=2008-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031094929/http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->| image = KNP-Olifants_River-001.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Olifants oo qulqulaya [[Kruger National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Kruger]] | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 6 | mapframe-point = none | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta isdhexgalka Olifants-[[Limpopo River|Limpopo]] <!---------------------- LOCATION -->| subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] iyo [[Mozambique|Musanbiig]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobollada | subdivision_name3 = [[Mpumalanga Province|Mpumalanga]], [[Limpopo Province|Limpopo]] iyo [[Gaza Province|Gaza]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = U dhow [[Bethal]] | source1_location = Mpumalanga, [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | source1_coordinates = {{coord|26|20|33|S|29|49|47|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1800|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]] | mouth_location = Gobolka Gaza, [[Mozambique|Musanbiig]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|24|6|44|S|32|38|25|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|54570|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = [[Letaba River|Webiga Letaba]] | tributaries_right = [[Steelpoort River|Webiga Steelpoort]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html|title=Warbixinta Xaaladda Webiyada - Nidaamka Webiga Olifants|publisher=Council for Scientific and Industrial Research|access-date=2009-02-19|archive-date=2007-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} [[File:Limpopo watershed topo.png|thumb|300px|Koorsada iyo biyo-qabashada [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]]. Olifants wuxuu ku biiraa Limpopo dhanka midig, qiyaastii 190 kiiloomitir u jirta Badweynta Hindiya.]] '''Webiga Olifants,''' '''Lepelle''',<ref>[http://www.krugerpark.co.za/krugerpark-times-2-15-olifants-river-lepelle-20557.html Webiga Olifants oo hadda loo yaqaan Lepelle]</ref> '''iBhalule ama Obalule'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Magacyada Asalka ah ee Transvaal |url=http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |access-date=2026-07-06 |archive-date=2008-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031094929/http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ({{langx|af|Olifantsrivier}}; {{langx|pt|Rio dos Elefantes}}) waa webi ku yaal [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] iyo [[Mozambique|Musanbiig]], oo ah laan ka mid ah [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]]. Wuxuu ku dhacaa Aagga Dheecaanka B ee [[Drainage basins of South Africa|Barkadaha Dheecaanka ee Koonfur Afrika]]. Aagga taariikhiga ah ee [[Pedi people|dadka Pedi]], [[Sekhukhuneland]], wuxuu ku yaallaa inta u dhexeysa Webiga Olifants iyo mid ka mid ah laamihiisa ugu waaweyn, [[Steelpoort River|Webiga Steelpoort]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ezakwantu.com/Tribes%20-%20Ba%20Pedi%20-%20Bapedi%20-%20Northern%20Basotho.htm |title=Ba Pedi |access-date=2012-03-14}}</ref> == Koorsada == Webiga Olifants wuxuu asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa inta u dhexeysa [[Breyten]] iyo [[Bethal]], [[Mpumalanga Province|Gobolka Mpumalanga]].<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Webiyada iyo durdurrada waaweyn ee ku yaal Barkadda Webiga Limpopo]</ref> Wuxuu u qulqulaa waqooyiga dhanka [[Limpopo Province|Gobolka Limpopo]] iyada oo loo marayo [[Witbank Dam|Biyo-xireenka Witbank]] ka dibna [[Loskop Dam|Biyo-xireenka Loskop]] waxaana lagu qasbaa bari by Transvaal [[Drakensberg]], oo ka gooya Abel Erasmus Pass ka dibna u qulqula bari si ka sii fog Lowveld si uu ugu biiro [[Letaba River|Webiga Letaba]]. Wuxuu u gudbaa [[Gaza Province|Gobolka Gaza]], [[Mozambique|Musanbiig]], ka dib markii uu ka soo gooyo [[Lebombo Mountains|Buuraha Lebombo]] iyada oo loo marayo Olifants Gorge, isagoo noqonaya ''Rio dos Elefantes'', oo ugu dambeyntii ku biiraya [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]] 40&nbsp;km ka dib ka hor inta uusan gelin [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] ee [[Xai-Xai]] waqooyiga [[Maputo]].<ref>[http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa Webiyada muhiimka ah ee Koonfur Afrika]</ref> == Tayada biyaha == [[Overgrazing|Daaq-xumada]] ee qaybaha koorsadiisa dhexe waxay keentaa in webigu qaado ciidda nabaad-guurtay ka dib roobab culus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nidaamka Webiga Olifants |url=http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |access-date=2026-07-06 |archive-date=2007-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Webiga Olifants wuxuu noqday mid ka mid ah webiyada ugu wasakhaysan Koonfur Afrika, ma ahan qashinka aadanaha ama warshadaha, laakiin waa [[green algae| algae cagaaran]] oo soo kordhaya.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201008161197.html Webiga Olifants oo wasakhaysan oo waqtigu ka dhamaanayo]</ref> Daraasad la sameeyay sannadkii 2013 oo ku taal Beerta Kruger ayaa lagu ogaaday in webigu uu ahaa mesotrophic, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in heerarka nafaqadu ay ahaayeen kuwo hooseeya, in kasta oo koror yar oo [[nitrate|nitrate-ka]] ah uu bilaabi karo [[eutrophication|eutrophication]]. Heerarka aadka u sarreeya ee [[sulphate|sulphate-ka]] waxaa loo aaneeyay macdanta dhuxusha iyo warshadaha ee biyo-qabashada sare.<ref name="smi1">{{cite book |last1=Smit |first1=NJ |last2=Wepener |first2=V |last3=Vlok |first3=W |last4=Wagenaar |first4=GM |last5=van Vuren |first5=JHJ |title=Ilaalinta kalluunka tigerfish, ''Hydrocynus vittatus'', ee Beerta Qaranka Kruger iyadoo xoogga la saarayo dejinta ku-habboonaanta tirada biyaha iyo shuruudaha tayada ee webiyada Olifants iyo Luvuvhu: warbixin loo gudbiyay Guddiga Cilmi-baarista Biyaha |date=2013 |publisher=Guddiga Cilmi-baarista Biyaha |location=Gezina [Koonfur Afrika] |isbn=978-1-4312-0358-1 |page=vi |url=http://www.wrc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/1922-1-121.pdf |access-date=28 February 2022}}</ref> == Laamaha == Laamaha ugu waaweyn ee Webiga Olifants waa [[Letaba River|Webiga Letaba]]<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA2LuvuvuLethaba.jpg Luvuvu Lethaba WMA 2]</ref> iyo [[Steelpoort River|Webiga Steelpoort]] oo loo yaqaan Webiga Tubatse.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Webiyada iyo durdurrada waaweyn ee ku yaal Barkadda Webiga Limpopo]</ref> Laamaha kale waa [[Tongwane River|Tongwane]], [[Blyde River|Blyde]], [[Moses River|Moses]], [[Spekboom River|Spekboom]], [[Timbavati River|Timbavati]], [[Nkumpi River|Nkumpi]], [[Ga-Selati River|Ga-Selati]], [[Klaserie River|Klaserie]], [[Makhutswi River|Makhutswi]], [[Mohlapitse River]], [[Lepellane River]], [[Mohwetse River]] iyo Webiga Ngwaritsi. Qaar ka mid ah laamaha, gaar ahaan [[Klein Olifants River|Webiga Klein Olifants]] (oo ka soo jeeda meel u dhow [[Hendrina]], wuxuu ku biiraa Webiga Olifants ee hoose ee [[Middelburg Dam|Biyo-xireenka Middelburg]]), [[Elands River (Olifants)|Elands]], [[Wilge River (Olifants)|Wilge]] iyo [[Bronkhorstspruit River|Bronkhorstspruit]], waxay ka kacaan daaqsinada [[Highveld]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA4Olifants.jpg WMA 4 ee webiga Olifants]</ref> [[Shingwedzi River|Webiga Shingwedzi]] wuxuu u qulqulaa meel u dhow dhanka waqooyi-bari ee kaydka [[Massingir Dam|Biyo-xireenka Massingir]] wuxuuna ku biiraa bangiga bidix ee Olifants qiyaastii 12&nbsp;km hoos uga dhaca darbiga biyo-xireenka.<ref>[http://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/conservation/scientific/noticeboard/science_network_meeting_2009/Presentations/vlok.pdf Webiga Shingwedzi: maxay u tahay webiga ugu wasakhaysan KNP?]</ref> == Biyo-xireennada == Soddon biyo-xireen oo waaweyn oo ku yaal Barkadda Webiga Olifants waxaa ka mid ah kuwan soo socda: === Koonfur Afrika === *[[Witbank Dam|Biyo-xireenka Witbank]] *[[Rhenosterkop Dam|Biyo-xireenka Rhenosterkop]], oo ku yaal [[Elands River (Olifants)|Webiga Elands]] *[[Rust de Winter Dam|Biyo-xireenka Rust de Winter]] *[[Blyderivierpoort Dam|Biyo-xireenka Blyderivierpoort]] *[[Loskop Dam|Biyo-xireenka Loskop]] *[[Middelburg Dam|Biyo-xireenka Middelburg]], oo ku yaal [[Klein Olifants River|Webiga Klein Olifants]] *[[Ohrigstad Dam|Biyo-xireenka Ohrigstad]] *[[De Hoop Dam (Limpopo)|Biyo-xireenka De Hoop]] *[[Flag Boshielo Dam|Biyo-xireenka Flag Boshielo]] *[[Phalaborwa Barrage|Phalaborwa Barrage]] === Mozambique === *[[Massingir Dam|Biyo-xireenka Massingir]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thekruger.com/olifants/massingirdam.htm |title=Biyo-xireenka Massingir & Daadadka Olifants Gorge |access-date=2012-03-16 |archive-date=2017-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727020147/http://www.thekruger.com/olifants/massingirdam.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist|30em}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category|Olifants River (Mpumalanga)}} *[http://e-gli.com/south-african-geographical-names/ Magacyada Juqraafiga ee Koonfur Afrika] {{Authority control}} 49df9l9alrh51w1us3k7g6lpteo79w6 0 48578 300911 2026-07-06T15:39:30Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ohlanga | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = uMhlanga {{in lang|zu}}, Umhlanga, Mhlanga | name_etymology = Loo magacaabay ereyga [[Zulu language|Zulu]] ee "[[Reed (plant)|qasab]]"<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Qaamuuska Magacyada Goobaha Koonfur Afrika]</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Ohlanga-strandmeer, Umhlanga, f.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Ohlanga <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobolka | subdivision_name3 = [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|28|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = Waqooyiga [[Umhlanga Rocks|uMhlanga Rocks]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|29|42|9|S|31|6|0|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Ohlanga''' waa webi ku yaal [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]], kaas oo ku shubma [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] waqooyi uun ka xiga [[Umhlanga, KwaZulu-Natal|uMhlanga]], waqooyiga [[Durban]].<ref name="kzntourism">Dalxiiska KwaZulu-Natal, [http://www.durban.kzn.org.za/durban//about/40.html Ku saabsan Durban], la soo xigtay Sebteembar 2006</ref> Webigu wuxuu leeyahay [[reed bed|geedo qasab ah]] oo ballaaran oo ku yaal [[estuary|af-webiga]] halkaas oo uu ku yaal afkiisa,<ref name="sabirding">Shimbiraha Koonfur Afrika, [http://www.sabirding.co.za/birdspot/040109.asp Umhlanga Conservancy], la soo xigtay Sebteembar 2006</ref> kaas oo kaliya 7&nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ka xiga afka [[Mdloti River|Webiga uMdloti]].<ref>[https://business.highbeam.com/437820/article-1G1-152236549/comparative-study-zooplankton-dynamics-two-subtropical Daraasad la barbardhigayo dhaqdhaqaaqa zooplankton ee laba waddo oo hoos-hoose ah oo si ku-meel-gaar ah u furan/xiran, Koonfur Afrika]</ref> Waqtigan xaadirka ah, webigani waa qayb ka mid ah [[Mvoti to Umzimkulu Water Management Area|Aagga Maamulka Biyaha ee Mvoti ilaa Umzimkulu]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA11MvotuUmzimkulu.jpg Mvoti ilaa Umzimkulu WMA 11]</ref> == Umhlanga conservancy == Afka webiga, haro ayaa ku wareegsan [[Umhlanga Conservancy|Umhlanga Conservancy]]. Aaggan waxaa ka mid ah {{convert|26|ha|adj=on}} [[uMhlanga Lagoon Nature Reserve|Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee uMhlanga Lagoon]],<ref name="kznwildlife">KZN Wildlife, [http://www.kznwildlife.com/umhlanga_dest.htm Umhlanga Lagoon], la soo xigtay Sebteembar 2006</ref> iyo goob qashin-saarid ah oo dadweynaha loo geli karo.<ref name="sabirding"/> Aaggani wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[Cape bushbuck|bushbuck]], [[duiker|duiker]] buluug iyo cawl ah, iyo shimbiro badan, oo ay ku jiraan dhacdadii ugu koonfuraysay ee [[crested guineafowl|crested guineafowl]].<ref name="kznwildlife"/> == Tixraac == <references/> == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.kznwildlife.com/umhlanga_dest.htm Bogga KZN Wildlife ee kaydka dabiiciga ah ee Umhlanga Lagoon] *[http://www.sabirding.co.za/birdspot/040109.asp Bogga Shimbiraha Koonfur Afrika ee noocyada shimbiraha ee Umhlanga Conservancy] *[http://www.satelliteviews.net/cgi-bin/w.cgi?sdb=Go&c=sf&UF=-1268711&UN=-1846089&AF=H_O&FC=H&exm=on Aragti dayax-gacmeedka webiga] {{Commons category-inline|Umhlanga Lagoon Nature Reserve}} cla56bgsryztaya3x6halfcchxr2bsx 300953 300911 2026-07-07T04:56:52Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 300953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ohlanga | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = uMhlanga {{in lang|zu}}, Umhlanga, Mhlanga | name_etymology = Loo magacaabay ereyga [[Zulu language|Zulu]] ee "[[Reed (plant)|qasab]]"<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt Qaamuuska Magacyada Goobaha Koonfur Afrika]</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Ohlanga-strandmeer, Umhlanga, f.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Ohlanga <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobolka | subdivision_name3 = [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|28|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = Waqooyiga [[Umhlanga Rocks|uMhlanga Rocks]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|29|42|9|S|31|6|0|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Ohlanga''' waa webi ku yaal [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]], kaas oo ku shubma [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] waqooyi uun ka xiga [[Umhlanga, KwaZulu-Natal|uMhlanga]], waqooyiga [[Durban]].<ref name="kzntourism">Dalxiiska KwaZulu-Natal, [http://www.durban.kzn.org.za/durban//about/40.html Ku saabsan Durban] {{Wayback|url=http://www.durban.kzn.org.za/durban//about/40.html |date=20070930190138 }}, la soo xigtay Sebteembar 2006</ref> Webigu wuxuu leeyahay [[reed bed|geedo qasab ah]] oo ballaaran oo ku yaal [[estuary|af-webiga]] halkaas oo uu ku yaal afkiisa,<ref name="sabirding">Shimbiraha Koonfur Afrika, [http://www.sabirding.co.za/birdspot/040109.asp Umhlanga Conservancy] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sabirding.co.za/birdspot/040109.asp |date=20061003140644 }}, la soo xigtay Sebteembar 2006</ref> kaas oo kaliya 7&nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ka xiga afka [[Mdloti River|Webiga uMdloti]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daraasad la barbardhigayo dhaqdhaqaaqa zooplankton ee laba waddo oo hoos-hoose ah oo si ku-meel-gaar ah u furan/xiran, Koonfur Afrika |url=https://business.highbeam.com/437820/article-1G1-152236549/comparative-study-zooplankton-dynamics-two-subtropical |access-date=2026-07-06 |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307164431/https://business.highbeam.com/437820/article-1G1-152236549/comparative-study-zooplankton-dynamics-two-subtropical |url-status=dead }}</ref> Waqtigan xaadirka ah, webigani waa qayb ka mid ah [[Mvoti to Umzimkulu Water Management Area|Aagga Maamulka Biyaha ee Mvoti ilaa Umzimkulu]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA11MvotuUmzimkulu.jpg Mvoti ilaa Umzimkulu WMA 11]</ref> == Umhlanga conservancy == Afka webiga, haro ayaa ku wareegsan [[Umhlanga Conservancy|Umhlanga Conservancy]]. Aaggan waxaa ka mid ah {{convert|26|ha|adj=on}} [[uMhlanga Lagoon Nature Reserve|Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee uMhlanga Lagoon]],<ref name="kznwildlife">KZN Wildlife, [http://www.kznwildlife.com/umhlanga_dest.htm Umhlanga Lagoon], la soo xigtay Sebteembar 2006</ref> iyo goob qashin-saarid ah oo dadweynaha loo geli karo.<ref name="sabirding"/> Aaggani wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[Cape bushbuck|bushbuck]], [[duiker|duiker]] buluug iyo cawl ah, iyo shimbiro badan, oo ay ku jiraan dhacdadii ugu koonfuraysay ee [[crested guineafowl|crested guineafowl]].<ref name="kznwildlife"/> == Tixraac == <references/> == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.kznwildlife.com/umhlanga_dest.htm Bogga KZN Wildlife ee kaydka dabiiciga ah ee Umhlanga Lagoon] *[http://www.sabirding.co.za/birdspot/040109.asp Bogga Shimbiraha Koonfur Afrika ee noocyada shimbiraha ee Umhlanga Conservancy] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sabirding.co.za/birdspot/040109.asp |date=20061003140644 }} *[http://www.satelliteviews.net/cgi-bin/w.cgi?sdb=Go&c=sf&UF=-1268711&UN=-1846089&AF=H_O&FC=H&exm=on Aragti dayax-gacmeedka webiga] {{Wayback|url=http://www.satelliteviews.net/cgi-bin/w.cgi?sdb=Go&c=sf&UF=-1268711&UN=-1846089&AF=H_O&FC=H&exm=on |date=20070310235728 }} {{Commons category-inline|Umhlanga Lagoon Nature Reserve}} s3yijoj27534f8j0wii1buk0odyi1rd 0 48579 300912 2026-07-06T15:42:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Pienaars | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Webiga Moretele | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Pienaarsrivier, stroomaf vanaf R724-brug, Dinokeng, a.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Muuqaal dhanka hoose ee wabiga ka ah oo laga soo bilaabo buundada wadada R724 ee [[Dinokeng Game Reserve|Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Dinokeng]], Gauteng | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Pienaars <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Gauteng]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Bariga [[Pretoria]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Crocodile River (West)|Webiga Crocodile]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|25|6|4|S|27|33|50|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|955|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Pienaars''' waa webi ku yaal [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waa laan ka mid ah [[Crocodile River (West)|Webiga Crocodile]]. Qayb gaaban oo ka mid ah webigan waxaa loo yaqaan '''Webiga Moretele''' (tusaale ahaan, qiyaastii 20&nbsp;km oo u dhexeysa Haakdoornbult iyo Biyo-xireenka Klipvoor). Laamaha Webiga Pienaars waxaa ka mid ah '''Moreletaspruit''' (magacyo kale oo loo higaadiyo: Morelettaspruit, Moreleta Spruit).<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.riv.co.za/ms/ | title = Kor u qaad Moreletaspruit | date = 2014 | website = riv.co.za/ms/ | publisher = Madasha Kor u qaad Moreletaspruit | accessdate = 2014-05-16 }}</ref> Ogsoonow in qaybta wabiga ee Moretele ee kor ku xusan ay 60&nbsp;km u jirto Moreletaspruit oo labadan aan lagu qaldin midba midka kale. == Koorsada == Wuxuu ka soo jeedaa bariga [[Pretoria]], [[City of Tshwane|Magaalada Tshwane]], Gobolka [[Gauteng]], wuxuuna u qulqulaa waqooyi ilaa [[Roodeplaat Dam|Biyo-xireenka Roodeplaat]] (waqooyiga [[Mamelodi]]), kaas oo sidoo kale ay quudiyaan Hartbeesspruit iyo laantiisa, Moreletaspruit. Biyaha nus-fadhiya ee halkaan iyo hoosta darbiga biyo-xireenka waxay hoy u yihiin tiro badan oo [[cyanobacteria|cyanobacteria]] ah iyo [[algal bloom|ubaxyada algae]]-ga. Webigu wuxuu sii wadaa koorsadiisa waqooyi iyada oo loo marayo [[Dinokeng Game Reserve|Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Dinokeng]], halkaas oo uu kaga biiro Boekenhoutspruit oo ka imanaya bariga, ka hor inta uusan marin hoosta [[N1 (South Africa)|N1]] iyo u leexashada galbeedka dhanka [[Pienaarsrivier]], tuulada magaca isku midka ah ee ku taal bangiga midig, iyo Zaagkuilsdrift. Waqooyiga [[Makapanstad]] [[Apies River|Webiga Apies]] (ama halkii qayb gaaban oo ka mid ah [[Tshwane River|Webiga Tshwane]]) ayaa kaga biira dhanka koonfureed, marka laga reebo [[Plat River|Webiga Plat]] (ama Utsane) oo ka imanaya bari. Pienaars wuxuu sii wadaa galbeedka waxaana kaga biira Soutpanspruit meesha la yiraahdo Kgomo kgomo ka hor inta uusan gelin [[Klipvoor Dam|Biyo-xireenka Klipvoor]]. Qiyaastii 25&nbsp;km ka dib wuxuu ku biiraa bangiga midig ee [[Crocodile River (Limpopo)|Webiga Crocodile]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA3CrocMarico.jpg Crocodile/Marico WMA 3]</ref> == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed" heights="100px"> Pienaarsrivier, algebloei te Buffelsdrift, herfs-2020, g.jpg|[[Algal bloom]] ee [[cyanobacteria]] ee meelaha wasakhaysan ee sare ee Buffelsdrift Boekenhoutspruit, stroomop-uitsig van D48 af, Dinokeng, b.jpg|Boekenhoutspruit, oo halkan looga arkay [[Dinokeng Game Reserve|Dinokeng]], waa laan bangiga midig ah Soutpanspruit by laagwaterbrug, b, Zoutpan.jpg|Soutpanspruit, oo halkan looga arkay [[Tswaing crater|Tswaing]], waa laan bangiga bidix ah Lesser Moorhen, Kgomo Kgomo, South Africa.jpg|Bannaanka daadadka ee Kgomo kgomo wuxuu soo jiitaa shimbiraha biyaha ee xilliyada </gallery> == Biyo-xireennada ku yaal Webiga Pienaars == * [[Waterlake Farm Dam|Biyo-xireenka Waterlake Farm]] * [[Roodeplaat Dam|Biyo-xireenka Roodeplaat]] * [[Klipvoor Dam|Biyo-xireenka Klipvoor]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/crocwestmarico_05/crocwestmarico_05_a4.pdf Dulmar ku saabsan Crocodile (Galbeed)/Marico Aagga Maamulka Biyaha] 8wwbgdqhguh5of5272ntafosrq3rb1s 300913 300912 2026-07-06T15:42:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* Sawirro */ 300913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Pienaars | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Webiga Moretele | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Pienaarsrivier, stroomaf vanaf R724-brug, Dinokeng, a.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Muuqaal dhanka hoose ee wabiga ka ah oo laga soo bilaabo buundada wadada R724 ee [[Dinokeng Game Reserve|Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Dinokeng]], Gauteng | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Pienaars <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Gauteng]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Bariga [[Pretoria]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Crocodile River (West)|Webiga Crocodile]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|25|6|4|S|27|33|50|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|955|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Pienaars''' waa webi ku yaal [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waa laan ka mid ah [[Crocodile River (West)|Webiga Crocodile]]. Qayb gaaban oo ka mid ah webigan waxaa loo yaqaan '''Webiga Moretele''' (tusaale ahaan, qiyaastii 20&nbsp;km oo u dhexeysa Haakdoornbult iyo Biyo-xireenka Klipvoor). Laamaha Webiga Pienaars waxaa ka mid ah '''Moreletaspruit''' (magacyo kale oo loo higaadiyo: Morelettaspruit, Moreleta Spruit).<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.riv.co.za/ms/ | title = Kor u qaad Moreletaspruit | date = 2014 | website = riv.co.za/ms/ | publisher = Madasha Kor u qaad Moreletaspruit | accessdate = 2014-05-16 }}</ref> Ogsoonow in qaybta wabiga ee Moretele ee kor ku xusan ay 60&nbsp;km u jirto Moreletaspruit oo labadan aan lagu qaldin midba midka kale. == Koorsada == Wuxuu ka soo jeedaa bariga [[Pretoria]], [[City of Tshwane|Magaalada Tshwane]], Gobolka [[Gauteng]], wuxuuna u qulqulaa waqooyi ilaa [[Roodeplaat Dam|Biyo-xireenka Roodeplaat]] (waqooyiga [[Mamelodi]]), kaas oo sidoo kale ay quudiyaan Hartbeesspruit iyo laantiisa, Moreletaspruit. Biyaha nus-fadhiya ee halkaan iyo hoosta darbiga biyo-xireenka waxay hoy u yihiin tiro badan oo [[cyanobacteria|cyanobacteria]] ah iyo [[algal bloom|ubaxyada algae]]-ga. Webigu wuxuu sii wadaa koorsadiisa waqooyi iyada oo loo marayo [[Dinokeng Game Reserve|Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Dinokeng]], halkaas oo uu kaga biiro Boekenhoutspruit oo ka imanaya bariga, ka hor inta uusan marin hoosta [[N1 (South Africa)|N1]] iyo u leexashada galbeedka dhanka [[Pienaarsrivier]], tuulada magaca isku midka ah ee ku taal bangiga midig, iyo Zaagkuilsdrift. Waqooyiga [[Makapanstad]] [[Apies River|Webiga Apies]] (ama halkii qayb gaaban oo ka mid ah [[Tshwane River|Webiga Tshwane]]) ayaa kaga biira dhanka koonfureed, marka laga reebo [[Plat River|Webiga Plat]] (ama Utsane) oo ka imanaya bari. Pienaars wuxuu sii wadaa galbeedka waxaana kaga biira Soutpanspruit meesha la yiraahdo Kgomo kgomo ka hor inta uusan gelin [[Klipvoor Dam|Biyo-xireenka Klipvoor]]. Qiyaastii 25&nbsp;km ka dib wuxuu ku biiraa bangiga midig ee [[Crocodile River (Limpopo)|Webiga Crocodile]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA3CrocMarico.jpg Crocodile/Marico WMA 3]</ref> == Sawirro == <gallery mode="packed" heights="100px"> Pienaarsrivier, algebloei te Buffelsdrift, herfs-2020, g.jpg|[[Algal bloom]] ee [[cyanobacteria]] ee meelaha wasakhaysan ee sare ee Buffelsdrift Boekenhoutspruit, stroomop-uitsig van D48 af, Dinokeng, b.jpg|Boekenhoutspruit, oo halkan looga arkay [[Dinokeng Game Reserve|Dinokeng]], waa laan bangiga midig ah Soutpanspruit by laagwaterbrug, b, Zoutpan.jpg|Soutpanspruit, oo halkan looga arkay [[Tswaing crater|Tswaing]], waa laan bangiga bidix ah Lesser Moorhen, Kgomo Kgomo, South Africa.jpg|Bannaanka daadadka ee Kgomo kgomo wuxuu soo jiitaa shimbiraha biyaha ee xilliyada </gallery> == Biyo-xireennada ku yaal Webiga Pienaars == * [[Waterlake Farm Dam|Biyo-xireenka Waterlake Farm]] * [[Roodeplaat Dam|Biyo-xireenka Roodeplaat]] * [[Klipvoor Dam|Biyo-xireenka Klipvoor]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/crocwestmarico_05/crocwestmarico_05_a4.pdf Dulmar ku saabsan Crocodile (Galbeed)/Marico Aagga Maamulka Biyaha] hrqwvg6mds7ynnh9i7kttafxndmot2g 0 48580 300914 2026-07-06T15:44:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Pongola | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = uPhongolo | name_etymology = Waxay ka timid [[Zulu language|Zulu]] oo ah 'u-trough-like', 'webiga maroodiga', taas oo tixraacaysa barkado dhaadheer.<ref name="Raper1989">{{cite book|last=Raper|first=P. E. |title=Qaamuuska Magacyada Goobaha Koonfur Afrika | url=https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames#page/n363/mode/2up|year=1989|publisher=Jonathan Ball Publishers|isbn=978-0-947464-04-2|page=363|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Pongola river in Eswatini.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Pongola, oo isla markiiba ka hooseeya [[Pongolapoort Dam|Biyo-xireenka Pongolapoort]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Pongola <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]], [[Mozambique|Musanbiig]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = U dhow [[Utrecht, South Africa|Utrecht]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Maputo River|Webiga Maputo]] | mouth_location = [[Maputo Province|Gobolka Maputo]], Musanbiig | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|26|51|21|S|32|20|47|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|29|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Pongola''' waa webi ku yaal [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waa laan ka mid ah [[Maputo River|Webiga Maputo]]. Wuxuu ka kacaa meel u dhow [[Utrecht, South Africa|Utrecht]] waqooyiga [[KwaZulu-Natal]], wuxuu u qulqulaa bari iyada oo loo marayo [[Pongola, KwaZulu-Natal|oPhongolo]], waxaa lagu biyo-xireenaa [[Pongolapoort Dam|Pongolapoort]], wuxuuna ka gudbaa [[Ubombo Mountains|Buuraha Ubombo]]; ka dibna wuxuu u qulqulaa waqooyi dhanka [[Mozambique|Musanbiig]], isagoo ku biiraya Webiga Maputo.<ref>{{citation|first=Lani|last= van Vuuren |title=Biyo-xireenka Darlington: Horumar lagu muransan yahay |periodical=The Water Wheel |volume=8 |issue=3 |publisher=Guddiga Cilmi-baarista Biyaha ee Koonfur Afrika |publication-place=Gezina |pages=23–27 |issn=0258-2244 |date= May 2009 |url=http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Water%20Wheel/Articles/2009/WW_09_may-jun_08_Pongola_p_23-27.pdf |access-date=2010-04-10}}</ref> Laamihiisa ugu waaweyn waa [[Bivane River|Webiga Bivane]] iyo [[Mozana River|Webiga Mozana]] ee Koonfur Afrika, iyo sidoo kale [[Ngwavuma River|Ngwavuma]] ee [[Eswatini]].<ref name="dwaf">{{cite web|url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA6UsuthuMhlatuze.jpg| title=Usuthu/Mhlatuze WMA 6|publisher=Waaxda Arrimaha Biyaha iyo Kalluumeysiga}}</ref> Magaca Webiga uPhongolo wuxuu ka soo jeedaa ereyga [[Zulu language|isiZulu]] ee loogu talagalay [[barrel|foosto]], weel, qaado, ama weel, oo tixraacaya barkadaha qoto dheer iyo mararka qaarkood dhaadheer ee laga helo webigan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=P E Raper - HSRC |url=https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/page/n363/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Qaamuuska Magacyada Goobaha Koonfur Afrika}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Umphongolo/Imiphongolo |url=https://isizulu.net/?umphongolo |access-date=22 February 2025 |website=isiZulu.net Qaamuuska Zulu-Ingiriisi}}</ref> [[File:Phongolo River Valley (32047155390).jpg|thumb|none|upright=1.25|Webiga Pongola oo ku dhex maraya buuro ku yaal iyo wixii ka dambeeya [[Ithala Game Reserve]]]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 8fog6vyp5eof1k7z179ak46z2hanxi3 300956 300914 2026-07-07T04:57:06Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 300956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Pongola | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = uPhongolo | name_etymology = Waxay ka timid [[Zulu language|Zulu]] oo ah 'u-trough-like', 'webiga maroodiga', taas oo tixraacaysa barkado dhaadheer.<ref name="Raper1989">{{cite book|last=Raper|first=P. E. |title=Qaamuuska Magacyada Goobaha Koonfur Afrika | url=https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames#page/n363/mode/2up|year=1989|publisher=Jonathan Ball Publishers|isbn=978-0-947464-04-2|page=363|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Pongola river in Eswatini.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Pongola, oo isla markiiba ka hooseeya [[Pongolapoort Dam|Biyo-xireenka Pongolapoort]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Pongola <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]], [[Mozambique|Musanbiig]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = U dhow [[Utrecht, South Africa|Utrecht]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Maputo River|Webiga Maputo]] | mouth_location = [[Maputo Province|Gobolka Maputo]], Musanbiig | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|26|51|21|S|32|20|47|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|29|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Pongola''' waa webi ku yaal [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waa laan ka mid ah [[Maputo River|Webiga Maputo]]. Wuxuu ka kacaa meel u dhow [[Utrecht, South Africa|Utrecht]] waqooyiga [[KwaZulu-Natal]], wuxuu u qulqulaa bari iyada oo loo marayo [[Pongola, KwaZulu-Natal|oPhongolo]], waxaa lagu biyo-xireenaa [[Pongolapoort Dam|Pongolapoort]], wuxuuna ka gudbaa [[Ubombo Mountains|Buuraha Ubombo]]; ka dibna wuxuu u qulqulaa waqooyi dhanka [[Mozambique|Musanbiig]], isagoo ku biiraya Webiga Maputo.<ref>{{citation |first=Lani |last=van Vuuren |title=Biyo-xireenka Darlington: Horumar lagu muransan yahay |periodical=The Water Wheel |volume=8 |issue=3 |publisher=Guddiga Cilmi-baarista Biyaha ee Koonfur Afrika |publication-place=Gezina |pages=23–27 |issn=0258-2244 |date=May 2009 |url=http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Water%20Wheel/Articles/2009/WW_09_may-jun_08_Pongola_p_23-27.pdf |access-date=2010-04-10 |archive-date=2011-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719053557/http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Water%20Wheel/Articles/2009/WW_09_may-jun_08_Pongola_p_23-27.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Laamihiisa ugu waaweyn waa [[Bivane River|Webiga Bivane]] iyo [[Mozana River|Webiga Mozana]] ee Koonfur Afrika, iyo sidoo kale [[Ngwavuma River|Ngwavuma]] ee [[Eswatini]].<ref name="dwaf">{{cite web|url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA6UsuthuMhlatuze.jpg| title=Usuthu/Mhlatuze WMA 6|publisher=Waaxda Arrimaha Biyaha iyo Kalluumeysiga}}</ref> Magaca Webiga uPhongolo wuxuu ka soo jeedaa ereyga [[Zulu language|isiZulu]] ee loogu talagalay [[barrel|foosto]], weel, qaado, ama weel, oo tixraacaya barkadaha qoto dheer iyo mararka qaarkood dhaadheer ee laga helo webigan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=P E Raper - HSRC |url=https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/page/n363/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Qaamuuska Magacyada Goobaha Koonfur Afrika}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Umphongolo/Imiphongolo |url=https://isizulu.net/?umphongolo |access-date=22 February 2025 |website=isiZulu.net Qaamuuska Zulu-Ingiriisi}}</ref> [[File:Phongolo River Valley (32047155390).jpg|thumb|none|upright=1.25|Webiga Pongola oo ku dhex maraya buuro ku yaal iyo wixii ka dambeeya [[Ithala Game Reserve]]]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 68zhxxkpxajkjk3cny5j56gnfle1wm6 0 48581 300915 2026-07-06T15:46:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Riet | native_name = {{native name|kqz|Gama-!ab}} | name_other = Gmaap | name_etymology = Magaca asalka ah ee Gama-!ab oo macnihiisu yahay 'dhoobo' luuqadda [[!Kora language|!Kora]] <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Wikimania by Rehman - 2018-07-17 - A006 - Precon.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Muuqaal xagga sare ah oo webiga ah sanadkii 2018. | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Riet <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobolka | subdivision_name3 = [[Free State (South African province)|Free State]], [[Northern Cape]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = U dhow [[Smithfield, Free State|Smithfield]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Vaal River|Webiga Vaal]] | mouth_location = [[Confluence|Isdhexgalka]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|28|59|58|S|23|53|17|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1001|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = [[Modder River|Webiga Modder]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Riet''' waa [[tributary|laan]] u qulqula dhanka galbeed ee [[Vaal River|Webiga Vaal]] ee bartamaha [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waqtiyadii gumeysiga ka hor, Riet waxaa loo yaqaanay Gama-!ab (ama Gmaap), oo ah magac {{nowrap|[[!Kora]]}} ah oo macnihiisu yahay 'dhoobo'. Laantiisa ugu weyn waa [[Modder River|Webiga Modder]] iyo ka dib isdhexgalka Webiga Riet wuxuu u qulqulaa dhanka galbeed si uu ula kulmo Vaal.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA13UpperOrange.jpg Upper Orange WMA 13]</ref> Riet wuxuu qulqulaa qiyaastii 300&nbsp;km laga soo bilaabo meel u dhow magaalada bariga [[Free State (South African province)|Free State]] ee [[Smithfield, Free State|Smithfield]] wuxuuna isdhexgal la leeyahay Webiga Vaal ee kor ku xusan magaalada [[Northern Cape]] ee [[Douglas, Northern Cape|Douglas]].<ref>Morris, D. 2002. Driekopseiland and 'the rain's magic power': landscape and history in a new interpretation of a Northern Cape rock engraving site. MA dissertation, Dept Anthropology and Sociology, University of the Western Cape</ref> Wuxuu ku qulqulaa [[Kalkfontein Dam|Biyo-xireenka Kalkfontein]]. Biyaha ka imanaya Webiga Orange ee Biyo-xireenka Vanderkloof ayaa lagu quudiyaa Webiga Riet ee Jacobsdal si loo siiyo biyo waraabka. Tani waxay leedahay saameyn isku dhafan oo ah in biyo lagu daro webiga iyo hoos u dhigista cusbada. Marka Biyo-xireenka Vanderkloof uu daadinayo biyo xad-dhaaf ah oo ka yimaada Biyo-xireenka Vanderkloof waxaa loo wareejiyaa Biyo-xireenka Kalkfontein. [[File:10 of 'History of the Boers in South Africa ... with three maps' (11189449154), crop.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Webiga Riet oo ku yaal khariidad 1887 ah. Modder-ka hoose ayaa tan iyo markii uu noqday Riet-ka hoose.]] {{Clear}} == Tixraac == <references/> == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://www.sahumanities.org/index.php/sah/article/view/357 Dib-u-eegis Webiga Riet] 5kdbwfmyi4vyu9lddjwjt170mror9uy 0 48582 300916 2026-07-06T15:48:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300916 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Sonderend''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Riviersonderend''' (luuqadda [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] u dhiganta ''[[River|Webi]] aan dhammaad lahayn''), waa [[tributary|laan]] weyn oo ka mid ah [[Breede River|Webiga Breede]], oo ku yaal [[Western Cape]] [[Provinces of South Africa|Gobolka]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Tuulada [[Riviersonderend]] ayaa la rumeysan yahay in magaceeda laga soo qaatay webiga. {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Sonderend | pushpin_map = South Africa | image = The Sonderend River in flood.jpg | source1_location = U dhow [[Villiersdorp]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|34|4|14|S|20|17|7|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_location = U dhexeeya [[Stormsvlei]] iyo [[Swellendam]] | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Western Cape]] | mouth_elevation = {{convert|84|m|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|115|km|mi|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Breede River|Webiga Breede]] | etymology = [[Afrikaans]]/[[Dutch language|Dutch]]<nowiki> oo u dhiganta "Webi aan dhammaad lahayn"</nowiki> | image_caption = Webiga oo fataahad ah }} == Magacaabista == Sanadkii 1673, Willem ten Rhyne wuxuu webiga ugu yeeray "sine fine flumen" ([[Latin|Laatiin]] u dhiganta "webi aan dhammaad lahayn"). Sanadkii 1707, Jan Hatogh, oo ahaa khabiir ku takhasusay beeraha [[Dutch East India Company]], wuxuu webiga ugu yeeray "Kantdydnn", taas oo u badan inay ka timid Hessequa "Kamma-kan Kamma", oo qiyaastii la macno ah "biyo, biyo aan dhammaad lahayn" ama "webi aan dhammaad lahayn". Hessequa waxay ahaayeen qabiil maxalli ah oo ka mid ah xoola-dhaqatada Khoi-khoi.<ref name="r">{{cite web | url=http://www.riviersonderend.co.za/ | title=Ku soo dhawoow Riviersonderend !!! | publisher=riviersonderend.co.za | accessdate=30 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tanap.net/content/activities/documents/resolutions_Cape_of_Good_Hope/introduction_english/38.htm|title = Hordhac (Ingiriisi) ku saabsan Qaraarada Cape of Good Hope / Magacyada goobaha ee asalkoodu yahay Khoi}}</ref> == Biyo-xireennada ku yaal Webiga == * [[Theewaterskloof Dam|Biyo-xireenka Theewaterskloof]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rivers of the Western Cape]] 9vcc9l8t49hdlu8wgnk2w5issepv3tw 0 48583 300917 2026-07-06T15:51:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | map = | pushpin_map = South Africa | mouth = [[Vaal River|Webiga Vaal]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-26.67032|27.97702|format=dms|region:ZA-GP|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Gauteng]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | source1 = Koonfurta [[Leandra, South Africa|Leandra]] | source1_location = [[Mpumalanga]] | source1_coordinates = {{coord|-26.4176|28.8638|format=dms|region:ZA-MP|display=inline}} | native_name = {{native name|af|Suikerbosrandrivier}} | name_etymology = Loo magacaabay ereyga Afrikaans ee ubaxa [[Protea]], ''suikerbos'' (sugarbush) }} '''Webiga Suikerbosrand''' ({{langx|af|Suikerbosrandrivier}}) waa [[tributary|laan]] ka mid ah [[Vaal River|Webiga Vaal]] oo ka qulqula [[Leandra, South Africa|Leandra]] ee [[Mpumalanga]], dhanka galbeed iyada oo loo marayo [[Gauteng]] ilaa [[Vereeniging]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Afkiisu wuxuu ku yaallaa bangiyada waqooyi ee Vaal ee xadka Gauteng / [[Free State (province)|Free State]] ee [[Three Rivers Proper|Three Rivers]]. == Deegaanka iyo tayada biyaha == Suikerbosrand waxaa saameeya tayada biyaha liidata ee laantiisa ugu weyn, [[Blesbokspruit|Blesbokspruit]]; taasi waa sababta oo ah [[terrestrial runoff|qulqulka dhulka]], [[point source pollution|wasakhaynta goobta]] iyo bulaacada biyaha macdanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kala-soocidda kheyraadka biyaha muhiimka ah ee saddexda Aag ee Maamulka Biyaha Vaal |url=https://www.dws.gov.za/rdm/WRCS/doc/Vaal%20Classification%20Newsletter%20No.%201%20-%20September%202011.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Daraasad kiis oo lagu xirayo shuruudaha shatiga tayada biyaha iyo ujeedooyinka tayada kheyraadka ee Leeu-Taaiboschspruit Industrial Complex oo ku taal gudaha Vaal Barrage Catchment: Volume 1 |url=https://www.wrc.org.za/?mdocs-file=61698}}</ref> == Laamaha == * [[Blesbokspruit]] * Boesmanspruit * Osspruit == Tixraac == {{reflist}} j9xomji1kupmy7dihipc934gl8cfizj 0 48584 300918 2026-07-06T15:53:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300918 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Blyde River Canyon, Bourke's Luck - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Webiga Treur oo ku yaal isdhexgalkiisa uu la leeyahay Blyde ee Bourke's Luck Potholes]] '''Webiga Treur''' (oo ka yimid [[Afrikaans]]: webi baroor ah) oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Webiga Sefogwane''' waa webi yar oo ku yaal gobolka [[Drakensberg]] escarpment ee bariga gobolka [[Mpumalanga]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Wadada baabuurta ee R532 ayaa laba jeer ka gudubta. Asalkiisa dhabta ah wuxuu ku yaallaa gudaha [[Blyde River Canyon Nature Reserve|Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Blyde River Canyon]], in kasta oo inta badan koorsadiisu ay tahay galbeedka aaggan la ilaaliyo. Waa laan ka mid ah [[Blyde River|Webiga Blyde]], mana laha wax laamo waaweyn oo u gaar ah. Waxaa jira laba hoos u dhac oo fiiqan oo ku yaal koorsadiisa, at Poe Falls <small>{{coord|24|45|S|30|52|E|type:landmark_region:ZA|display=inline}}</small> iyo [[Bourke's Luck Potholes]] siday u kala horreeyaan. == Etymology iyo Magacyada == Magaca [[Sepulana|sePulana]] ee webiga waa Sefogwane. Treur macnaheedu waa "baroor"<ref>[https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames "Qaamuuska Magacyada Goobaha Koonfur Afrika" ee RE Raper - HSRC]</ref> luuqadda Dutch-ka, waxaana loogu magac daray intii lagu jiray socdaal [[voortrekker]]. Sanadkii 1844, iyadoo wali ay haystaan khaladaad ah in [[Andries Hendrik Potgieter|Hendrik Potgieter]] iyo kooxdiisu ay ku dhinteen safarkoodii ay ugu socdeen [[Maputo Bay|Delagoa Bay]], qaraabadoodii murugaysan ayaa u bixiyay webiga u dhow xeradooda, Treurrivier, ama 'webi baroor ah'. == Treur River Barb == Webiga Treur waa hoyga [[Treur River Barb]], nooc ka mid ah kalluunka [[cyprinid]] oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda waqooyiga [[Mpumalanga]]. Waxaa loo malaynayay inuu ku dhow yahay inuu dabar go'o sababtoo ah soo bandhigidda kalluunka qalaad, laakiin dib ayaa looga helay [[Blyde River|Webiga Blyde]] sanadkii 1985. Treur River Barb ayaa markii dambe dib loogu soo celiyay Webiga Treur.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Engelbrecht |first1=GD |last2=Mulder |first2=PFS |last3=Mpherwane |first3=SK |date=2001-01-01 |title=Hidde-sidaha ilaalinta ee Treur River barb ee nugul, Barbus treurensis |url=https://doi.org/10.2989/16085910109503722 |journal=African Journal of Aquatic Science |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=39–44 |doi=10.2989/16085910109503722 |bibcode=2001AfJAS..26...39E |issn=1608-5914|url-access=subscription }}</ref> == Sawirro == <gallery mode="packed-hover"> File:Watsonia Bella growing along the Treur River.png|Watsonia Bella oo ka baxaya Webiga Treur File:Treur River rock pool.jpg|Barkad dhagax ah oo ku taal Webiga Treur File:Treur River near Clearstream Hiking Hut.jpg|Webiga Treur oo u dhow Clear Stream Hiking Hut File:Treur River.png|Webiga Treur oo ku jira xagaaga dhexe </gallery> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{coord|24|48|17|S|30|52|54|E|type:river_region:ZA|display=title}} gfkxklk1agx6trwnggheyod7q415csw 300919 300918 2026-07-06T15:53:42Z Isma4l 41797 300919 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Blyde River Canyon, Bourke's Luck - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Webiga Treur oo ku yaal isdhexgalkiisa uu la leeyahay Blyde ee Bourke's Luck Potholes]] '''Webiga Treur''' (oo ka yimid [[Afrikaans]]: webi baroor ah) oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Webiga Sefogwane''' waa webi yar oo ku yaal gobolka [[Drakensberg]] escarpment ee bariga gobolka [[Mpumalanga]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Wadada baabuurta ee R532 ayaa laba jeer ka gudubta. Asalkiisa dhabta ah wuxuu ku yaallaa gudaha [[Blyde River Canyon Nature Reserve|Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Blyde River Canyon]], in kasta oo inta badan koorsadiisu ay tahay galbeedka aaggan la ilaaliyo. Waa laan ka mid ah [[Blyde River|Webiga Blyde]], mana laha wax laamo waaweyn oo u gaar ah. Waxaa jira laba hoos u dhac oo fiiqan oo ku yaal koorsadiisa, at Poe Falls <small>{{coord|24|45|S|30|52|E|type:landmark_region:ZA|display=inline}}</small> iyo [[Bourke's Luck Potholes]] siday u kala horreeyaan. == Asalka iyo Magacyada == Magaca [[Sepulana|sePulana]] ee webiga waa Sefogwane. Treur macnaheedu waa "baroor"<ref>[https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames "Qaamuuska Magacyada Goobaha Koonfur Afrika" ee RE Raper - HSRC]</ref> luuqadda Dutch-ka, waxaana loogu magac daray intii lagu jiray socdaal [[voortrekker]]. Sanadkii 1844, iyadoo wali ay haystaan khaladaad ah in [[Andries Hendrik Potgieter|Hendrik Potgieter]] iyo kooxdiisu ay ku dhinteen safarkoodii ay ugu socdeen [[Maputo Bay|Delagoa Bay]], qaraabadoodii murugaysan ayaa u bixiyay webiga u dhow xeradooda, Treurrivier, ama 'webi baroor ah'. == Treur River Barb == Webiga Treur waa hoyga [[Treur River Barb]], nooc ka mid ah kalluunka [[cyprinid]] oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda waqooyiga [[Mpumalanga]]. Waxaa loo malaynayay inuu ku dhow yahay inuu dabar go'o sababtoo ah soo bandhigidda kalluunka qalaad, laakiin dib ayaa looga helay [[Blyde River|Webiga Blyde]] sanadkii 1985. Treur River Barb ayaa markii dambe dib loogu soo celiyay Webiga Treur.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Engelbrecht |first1=GD |last2=Mulder |first2=PFS |last3=Mpherwane |first3=SK |date=2001-01-01 |title=Hidde-sidaha ilaalinta ee Treur River barb ee nugul, Barbus treurensis |url=https://doi.org/10.2989/16085910109503722 |journal=African Journal of Aquatic Science |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=39–44 |doi=10.2989/16085910109503722 |bibcode=2001AfJAS..26...39E |issn=1608-5914|url-access=subscription }}</ref> == Sawirro == <gallery mode="packed-hover"> File:Watsonia Bella growing along the Treur River.png|Watsonia Bella oo ka baxaya Webiga Treur File:Treur River rock pool.jpg|Barkad dhagax ah oo ku taal Webiga Treur File:Treur River near Clearstream Hiking Hut.jpg|Webiga Treur oo u dhow Clear Stream Hiking Hut File:Treur River.png|Webiga Treur oo ku jira xagaaga dhexe </gallery> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{coord|24|48|17|S|30|52|54|E|type:river_region:ZA|display=title}} gfcxnpd754pewfjcxs19i59pxvkc7cy 0 48585 300920 2026-07-06T15:55:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Tsomo | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Eastern Cape]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Groot-Kei River|Webiga Groot-Kei]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|32|22|0|S|27|49|0|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|955|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Tsomo''' waa webi ku yaal Gobolka [[Eastern Cape]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waa laan ka mid ah [[Great Kei River|Webiga Great Kei]]. Webiga waxaa saameeyay wasakhda ka timid mashruuc aan dhammaystirnayn oo lagu daweynayo biyaha qashinka<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sgqolana |first=Tembile |date=2021-09-02 |title=Dib-u-dhacyo dheeraad ah oo ku yimid mashruucii Eastern Cape si loo siiyo biyo aad loogu baahan yahay tuulooyinka |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-09-02-more-delays-in-bringing-eastern-cape-project-online-to-provide-desperately-needed-water-to-villages/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Solundwana |first=Abongile |date=2021-09-14 |title=Wasiirka iyo ku-xigeennada oo booqday mashruuca biyaha ee Webiga Tsomo - The Rep |url=https://www.therep.co.za/2021/09/14/minister-and-deputies-visit-tsomo-river-water-project/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> kaas oo la dayacay lana baabi'iyay.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Damba-Hendrik |first=Nombulelo |date=2024-09-09 |title=Tuulo-joogayaashu waxay isticmaalaan biyo wasakhaysan iyadoo mashruucii bullaacadaha ee R100-milyan uu dib u dhacay |url=https://groundup.org.za/article/villagers-water-contaminated-while-r100-million-project-delayed/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=GroundUp News |language=en}}</ref> Cilmi-baarayaashu waxay heleen tusaalooyin bakteeriyo u adkaysata daawada oo ku jirta biyaha webiga Tsomo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fadare |first1=Folake Temitope |last2=Adefisoye |first2=Martins Ajibade |last3=Okoh |first3=Anthony Ifeanyi |date=2020-12-07 |editor-last=Karunasagar |editor-first=Iddya |title=Dhacdo, aqoonsi, iyo saxiixyada antibiogram ee la doortay Enterobacteriaceae laga soo bilaabo webiyada Tsomo iyo Tyhume ee Gobolka Eastern Cape, Jamhuuriyadda Koonfur Afrika |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=15 |issue=12 |article-number=e0238084 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0238084 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=7721149 |pmid=33284819|bibcode=2020PLoSO..1538084F }}</ref> == Biyo-xireennada ku yaal Webiga Tsomo == * [[Ncora Dam|Biyo-xireenka Ncora]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} lwsu1efph50r7s9orx3dib7nj71gkrb 0 48586 300921 2026-07-06T15:58:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Umfolozi | native_name = {{native name|zu|imFolozi}} | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = Sawirka dayax-gacmeedka ee webiyada Umfolozi iyo [[Hluhluwe River|Webiga Hluhluwe]] oo ku kulmaya badda St. Lucia ee [[iSimangaliso Wetland Park|Beerta Qoyan ee iSimangaliso]], waqooyiga KwaZulu-Natal | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta afka Webiga Umfolozi <!---------------------- LOCATION -->| subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|28|23|32|S|32|25|27|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Umfolozi''' (sidoo kale '''uMfolozi''', '''Imfolozi''' ama '''Mfolozi''') waa webi ku yaal [[KwaZulu-Natal]], oo ah gobol ka mid ah [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waxaa sameeya isdhexgalka webiyada [[Black Umfolozi River|Black]] (''Imfolozi emnyama'') iyo [[White Umfolozi River|White Umfolozi]] (''Imfolozi emhlope'') ee u dhow xadka koonfur-bari ee [[Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve|Kaydka Ciyaaraha ee Hluhluwe-Umfolozi]]. Magaca [[Zulu language|isiZulu]] ''imFolozi'' ayaa guud ahaan loo tixgeliyaa inuu qeexayo koorsada [[zigzag]] ee ay raacaan labada laamood, in kasta oo sharraxaadyo kale la bixiyay.<ref>{{cite book|last = du Plessis|first = E.J.|title = Suid-Afrikaanse berg- en riviername|publisher = Tafelberg-uitgewers, Cape Town|year = 1973|isbn = 0-624-00273-X|page = 273}}</ref> Webigu wuxuu u qulqulaa dhanka bariga ilaa [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] ee [[Maphelana]], oo ah goob xeebta ku taal oo koonfur ka xigta afka Webiga St Lucia. Asal ahaan wuxuu ku meeraysan jiray Monzi Flats, halkaas oo uu u kala qaybsamay kanaallo badan oo si tartiib ah u qulqula ka hor inta uusan gelin [[Estuary|Badda]] St. Lucia ee Honeymoon Bend. Biyaha tartiib-tartiibka ah iyo sariiraha cawska ee kanaallada ayaa u shaqeeyay nidaam sifeeyn dabiici ah oo ka saaray [[silt|dhoobada]] biyaha fatahaada Umfolozi waxayna abuureen deegaan qani ah oo loogu talagalay noocyo badan. == Deegaanka == Intii lagu jiray 1950-meeyadii, Ururka Mulkiilayaasha Dhulka ee Umfolozi ayaa xakameeyay oo kanaal farsameysan u sameeyay webiga iyada oo loo marayo Monzi Flats si loo horumariyo beeraha [[sugarcane|sonkorta]]. Kanaalka cusub ee Umfolozi wuxuu sababay in biyaha aan la sifeynin ay dhigaan culeyskooda dhoobada ka dib markii ay galeen Badda St. Lucia oo si tartiib ah u socota. Tani waxay sababtay in afka [[estuary|badda]] uu si degdeg ah u dhooboobo. Waxaa jirtay hal diiwaan oo kaliya oo dhacdadani dhacday ilaa wakhtigaas, intii lagu jiray abaartii joogtada ahayd ee 1930-meeyadii. At {{coord|28|20|58|S|31|58|46|E}} Webiga [[Black Umfolozi River|Black Umfolozi]] iyo Webiga [[White Umfolozi River|White Umfolozi]], ayaa ku biira si ay u sameeyaan Umfolozi. === Astaamaha === Waa webi [[meander|qalooca]], oo leh aag xiritaan ah 11,068&nbsp;km³. Waa 38 mitir oo ballac ah meel u dhow afkiisa, iyada oo leh jiirada 0.36&nbsp;m/km. Dhexroorka celceliska ah ee [[bed material load|maaddada sariirta]] waa 0.35&nbsp;mm ([[sand|ciid]]).<ref name="hani">{{cite journal |last1=Hanibal Lemma |first1=and colleagues |title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia |journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=2019 |volume=577 |article-number=123968 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968 |bibcode=2019JHyd..57723968L |s2cid=199099061 }}</ref> === Dhibaatooyinka dhoobada === Webigu wuxuu sannad kasta u qaadaa 1.4 milyan oo tan oo [[suspended sediment|dhoobo la hakiyay]] badda.<ref name="hani"/> Dowladdu waxay bilowday hawlgal qaali ah oo [[dredging|qoditaan ah]] aagga afka badda, laakiin waxay caddaatay mid aan waxtar lahayn. Ka dib sannado badan oo qoditaan ah, qorshaha xiga wuxuu ahaa in laga hortago Webiga Umfolozi inuu galo [[iSimangaliso Wetland Park|badda St Lucia]]. Webiga Umfolozi ayaa loo [[canal|kanaaleeyay]] si toos ah badda ee Maphelana. Saamaynta go'aankan way sii socotaa; [[river plume|qulqulka dhoobada]] ee ka imanaya webiga ayaa inta badan dabaysha koonfureed ee xooggan u afuufaa ilaa woqooyi sida [[Sodwana Bay]], 100&nbsp;km u jirta. Isbeddellada ayaa khatar gelinaya [[coral reef|shacaabta]], kuwaas oo bixiya hoyga kalluunka oo ilaaliya xeebta. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay halis gelinaysaa snorkeling-ka wanaagsan ee laga heli karo [[Cape Vidal]], qayb ka mid ah [[iSimangaliso Wetland Park|Beerta Qoyan ee iSimangaliso]], oo ah [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site|Goob Dhaxal Adduun]]. === Kalluunka === [[scaly yellowfish|kalluunka jaalaha ah]] ''(Labeobarbus natalensis)'' waa kalluun laga helo Nidaamka Webiga Umfolozi iyo sidoo kale [[Umzimkulu River|Umzimkulu]], [[Umkomazi River|Umkomazi]], [[Tugela River|Tugela]] iyo [[Mgeni River|Mgeni]]. Waa nooc caadi ah oo [[Endemism|u dhashay]] gobolka KwaZulu-Natal wuxuuna ku nool yahay deegaanno kala duwan oo u dhexeeya buuraleyda [[Drakensberg]] iyo dhulalka hoose ee xeebta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf |title=Warbixin Farsamo oo ku saabsan Xaaladda Kalluunka Jaalaha ah ee Koonfur Afrika 2007 |access-date=2012-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629065416/http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf |archive-date=2017-06-29 }}</ref> == Sawirrada hawada == <gallery mode="packed" heights="165"> ISS014-E-10809 - View of South Africa, Umfolozi.jpg|Webiga Umfolozi oo ku soo dhowaanaya magaalada St. Lucia (midigta sare) StLuciaWetland L7 07may01.jpg|Webiyada Mfolozi ayaa loo arkaa inay ku soo beegan yihiin [[iSimangaliso Wetland Park|Beerta Qoyan ee iSimangaliso]] St Lucia Estuary ISS006-E-38182.jpg|Koorsadii hore iyo tan cusub ee u dhow afka, iyadoo [[Msunduzi River|Msunduzi]] uu ka soo baxayo bidixda (i.e. koonfur), oo ku wareegsan [[wetland|dhul qoyan]]. Sidoo kale ogow qulqulka dhoobada ee badda. </gallery> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20050323144933/http://www.ngo.grida.no/soesa/nsoer/indicatr/fig3_12.htm Khariidadda Webiyada Waaweyn ee Koonfur Afrika] *[http://www.upe.ac.za/cerm/images/Estuaries2/mfolozi.htm Khariidadda Goobta Afka Webiga Mfolozi.] 31cd943wf2qgj8nla1ekvyhdun1b4mp 0 48587 300922 2026-07-06T16:00:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Black Umfolozi | native_name ={{native name|zu|Imfolozi emnyama}} | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Black iMfolozi Riverbed (31453687603).jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Sariirta webiga oo ku dhowayd mid engegan sanadkii 2016 | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Black Umfolozi (iyo isdhexgalka uu la leeyahay [[White Umfolozi River|White Umfolozi]]) <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = Kwa Mnyathi, Vryheid | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|28|20|58|S|31|58|51|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Black Umfolozi''' ({{langx|zu|Imfolozi emnyama}}) waa mid ka mid ah labada laamood ee waaweyn ee [[Umfolozi River|Webiga Umfolozi]] ee [[KwaZulu Natal]], Koonfur Afrika. Waxay qayb ka tahay Upper Umfolozi (Zulu: Enhla neMfolozi) – Lower Umfolozi waa aagga ku yaal hoos-u-socodka isdhexgalkeeda uu la leeyahay [[White Umfolozi River|White Umfolozi]]. Isha ugu weyn waxay ku taal aagga [[KwaMnyathi]] ee Vryheid waxayna u qulqushaa inta badan aagagga Zululand ilaa ay ka kulmaan [[White Umfolozi|White Umfolozi]] u dhow Hlabisa. == Etymology == [[file:Black Umfolozi water.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Biyo laga ururinayo ciidda]] Webiga waxaa loo yaqaan "madow" sababtoo ah dhagaxyada madow ee laga helo koorsadiisa. Imfolozi macnaheedu waa "zig-zag", taas oo ka tarjumaysa qaabka webigu u raaco koorsadiisa. == Koorsada == Wuxuu u qulqulaa Swart-Mfolozi, [[Ceza, KwaZulu-Natal|Ceza]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kznhealth.gov.za/cezahospital.htm |title=Ceza Hospital |publisher=Kznhealth.gov.za |date=2017-03-15 |access-date=2017-05-01}}</ref> [[Nongoma]] ugu dambayntiina wuxuu isdhexgal la leeyahay [[White Umfolozi River|White Umfolozi]] u dhow xadka koonfur-bari ee [[Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve|Kaydka Ciyaaraha ee Hluhluwe-Umfolozi]] si loo sameeyo [[Umfolozi River|Webiga Umfolozi]]. Thangami Safari Spa ayaa sidoo kale ku taal bangiyadiisa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thangami.co.za/history/ |title=Taariikh |publisher=Thangami |date=2014-06-20 |access-date=2017-05-01}}</ref> [[Empangeni]] iyo [[Mtubatuba]] waa laba aag oo waaweyn oo la xidhiidha gobolka Lower Umfolozi. == Taariikh == Zwide, madaxa qabiilka awoodda badan ee [[Ndwandwe]] wuxuu lahaa dhulkiisa waqooyi iyo bari ee Webiga Black Umfolozi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thangami.co.za/history/ |title=Taariikh |publisher=Thangami |date=2014-06-20 |access-date=2017-05-01}}</ref> == Sawirro == <gallery mode=packed heights=150 style="font-size:100%; line-height:130%"> Umfolozi river with a dense growth of Arundo donax on the banks, AJTJ DSCN0998.jpg|Qulqulaya, oo ay hareereeyeen [[Arundo donax|giant]] iyo [[Phragmites|cawska caadiga ah]] Natal province - descriptive guide and official hand-book (1911) (14574073508), Umfolozi River.jpg|Khariidadda webiga iyo laamihiisa (1911) </gallery> == Tixraac == <references /> ke3curru9n13kn65m9tsiukqd0tyjc6 300923 300922 2026-07-06T16:00:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* Asalka */ 300923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Black Umfolozi | native_name ={{native name|zu|Imfolozi emnyama}} | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Black iMfolozi Riverbed (31453687603).jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Sariirta webiga oo ku dhowayd mid engegan sanadkii 2016 | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Black Umfolozi (iyo isdhexgalka uu la leeyahay [[White Umfolozi River|White Umfolozi]]) <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = Kwa Mnyathi, Vryheid | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|28|20|58|S|31|58|51|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Black Umfolozi''' ({{langx|zu|Imfolozi emnyama}}) waa mid ka mid ah labada laamood ee waaweyn ee [[Umfolozi River|Webiga Umfolozi]] ee [[KwaZulu Natal]], Koonfur Afrika. Waxay qayb ka tahay Upper Umfolozi (Zulu: Enhla neMfolozi) – Lower Umfolozi waa aagga ku yaal hoos-u-socodka isdhexgalkeeda uu la leeyahay [[White Umfolozi River|White Umfolozi]]. Isha ugu weyn waxay ku taal aagga [[KwaMnyathi]] ee Vryheid waxayna u qulqushaa inta badan aagagga Zululand ilaa ay ka kulmaan [[White Umfolozi|White Umfolozi]] u dhow Hlabisa. == Asalka == [[file:Black Umfolozi water.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Biyo laga ururinayo ciidda]] Webiga waxaa loo yaqaan "madow" sababtoo ah dhagaxyada madow ee laga helo koorsadiisa. Imfolozi macnaheedu waa "zig-zag", taas oo ka tarjumaysa qaabka webigu u raaco koorsadiisa. == Koorsada == Wuxuu u qulqulaa Swart-Mfolozi, [[Ceza, KwaZulu-Natal|Ceza]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kznhealth.gov.za/cezahospital.htm |title=Ceza Hospital |publisher=Kznhealth.gov.za |date=2017-03-15 |access-date=2017-05-01}}</ref> [[Nongoma]] ugu dambayntiina wuxuu isdhexgal la leeyahay [[White Umfolozi River|White Umfolozi]] u dhow xadka koonfur-bari ee [[Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve|Kaydka Ciyaaraha ee Hluhluwe-Umfolozi]] si loo sameeyo [[Umfolozi River|Webiga Umfolozi]]. Thangami Safari Spa ayaa sidoo kale ku taal bangiyadiisa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thangami.co.za/history/ |title=Taariikh |publisher=Thangami |date=2014-06-20 |access-date=2017-05-01}}</ref> [[Empangeni]] iyo [[Mtubatuba]] waa laba aag oo waaweyn oo la xidhiidha gobolka Lower Umfolozi. == Taariikh == Zwide, madaxa qabiilka awoodda badan ee [[Ndwandwe]] wuxuu lahaa dhulkiisa waqooyi iyo bari ee Webiga Black Umfolozi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thangami.co.za/history/ |title=Taariikh |publisher=Thangami |date=2014-06-20 |access-date=2017-05-01}}</ref> == Sawirro == <gallery mode=packed heights=150 style="font-size:100%; line-height:130%"> Umfolozi river with a dense growth of Arundo donax on the banks, AJTJ DSCN0998.jpg|Qulqulaya, oo ay hareereeyeen [[Arundo donax|giant]] iyo [[Phragmites|cawska caadiga ah]] Natal province - descriptive guide and official hand-book (1911) (14574073508), Umfolozi River.jpg|Khariidadda webiga iyo laamihiisa (1911) </gallery> == Tixraac == <references /> 6yd3e5auhryj7jn9yu3jiekx6s46hf5 300948 300923 2026-07-07T04:54:05Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 300948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Black Umfolozi | native_name ={{native name|zu|Imfolozi emnyama}} | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Black iMfolozi Riverbed (31453687603).jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Sariirta webiga oo ku dhowayd mid engegan sanadkii 2016 | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Black Umfolozi (iyo isdhexgalka uu la leeyahay [[White Umfolozi River|White Umfolozi]]) <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = Kwa Mnyathi, Vryheid | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|28|20|58|S|31|58|51|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Black Umfolozi''' ({{langx|zu|Imfolozi emnyama}}) waa mid ka mid ah labada laamood ee waaweyn ee [[Umfolozi River|Webiga Umfolozi]] ee [[KwaZulu Natal]], Koonfur Afrika. Waxay qayb ka tahay Upper Umfolozi (Zulu: Enhla neMfolozi) – Lower Umfolozi waa aagga ku yaal hoos-u-socodka isdhexgalkeeda uu la leeyahay [[White Umfolozi River|White Umfolozi]]. Isha ugu weyn waxay ku taal aagga [[KwaMnyathi]] ee Vryheid waxayna u qulqushaa inta badan aagagga Zululand ilaa ay ka kulmaan [[White Umfolozi|White Umfolozi]] u dhow Hlabisa. == Asalka == [[file:Black Umfolozi water.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Biyo laga ururinayo ciidda]] Webiga waxaa loo yaqaan "madow" sababtoo ah dhagaxyada madow ee laga helo koorsadiisa. Imfolozi macnaheedu waa "zig-zag", taas oo ka tarjumaysa qaabka webigu u raaco koorsadiisa. == Koorsada == Wuxuu u qulqulaa Swart-Mfolozi, [[Ceza, KwaZulu-Natal|Ceza]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kznhealth.gov.za/cezahospital.htm |title=Ceza Hospital |publisher=Kznhealth.gov.za |date=2017-03-15 |access-date=2017-05-01 |archive-date=2023-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326201230/http://www.kznhealth.gov.za/cezahospital.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Nongoma]] ugu dambayntiina wuxuu isdhexgal la leeyahay [[White Umfolozi River|White Umfolozi]] u dhow xadka koonfur-bari ee [[Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve|Kaydka Ciyaaraha ee Hluhluwe-Umfolozi]] si loo sameeyo [[Umfolozi River|Webiga Umfolozi]]. Thangami Safari Spa ayaa sidoo kale ku taal bangiyadiisa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thangami.co.za/history/ |title=Taariikh |publisher=Thangami |date=2014-06-20 |access-date=2017-05-01}}</ref> [[Empangeni]] iyo [[Mtubatuba]] waa laba aag oo waaweyn oo la xidhiidha gobolka Lower Umfolozi. == Taariikh == Zwide, madaxa qabiilka awoodda badan ee [[Ndwandwe]] wuxuu lahaa dhulkiisa waqooyi iyo bari ee Webiga Black Umfolozi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thangami.co.za/history/ |title=Taariikh |publisher=Thangami |date=2014-06-20 |access-date=2017-05-01}}</ref> == Sawirro == <gallery mode=packed heights=150 style="font-size:100%; line-height:130%"> Umfolozi river with a dense growth of Arundo donax on the banks, AJTJ DSCN0998.jpg|Qulqulaya, oo ay hareereeyeen [[Arundo donax|giant]] iyo [[Phragmites|cawska caadiga ah]] Natal province - descriptive guide and official hand-book (1911) (14574073508), Umfolozi River.jpg|Khariidadda webiga iyo laamihiisa (1911) </gallery> == Tixraac == <references /> ckunrinoxamq5fhf90gj3ox2edmq7ra 0 48588 300924 2026-07-06T16:03:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga White Umfolozi | native_name = {{native name|zu|Imfolozi emhlope}} | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Natal province - descriptive guide and official hand-book (1911) (14574073508), Umfolozi River.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Khariidadda webiga iyo laamihiisa (1911) | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|28|20|58|S|31|58|51|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = [[Nhlungwane River|Webiga Nhlungwane]] | tributaries_right = [[Mkumbane River|Webiga Mkumbane]]<br />[[Mpembeni River|Webiga Mpembeni]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga White Umfolozi''' wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa galbeedka [[Vryheid]], [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] wuxuuna isdhexgal la leeyahay [[Black Umfolozi River|Webiga Black Umfolozi]] at {{coord|28|20|58|S|31|58|46|E}} si loo sameeyo [[Umfolozi River|Webiga Umfolozi]], kaas oo u qulqula dhanka bari dhanka [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Morris |first=Donald R |title=The Washing Of The Spears : The Rise and Fall of the Zulu Nation Under Shaka and Its Fall in the Zulu War of 1879 |publisher=Vintage Digital |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-4464-2608-1 |location=London |pages=553 |language=English}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} t872glpd4e6ri3pzaee9h04rgh8qzfn 0 48589 300930 2026-07-06T21:17:06Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Ururka [[Media development|Horumarinta Warbaahinta]] ee [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] (AMDISS)''' waa urur warbaahineed oo fadhigiisu yahay [[Juba]], [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . Waxaa la aasaasay 2003. <ref>{{Cite book|last=UNESCO|title=Interim assessment of media development in South Sudan: based on UNESCO's ...|publisher=UNESCO Office Juba|year=2015|isbn=978-92-3-100092-8|location=Juba, South Sudan|pages=47}}</ref> 300930 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ururka [[Media development|Horumarinta Warbaahinta]] ee [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] (AMDISS)''' waa urur warbaahineed oo fadhigiisu yahay [[Juba]], [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . Waxaa la aasaasay 2003. <ref>{{Cite book|last=UNESCO|title=Interim assessment of media development in South Sudan: based on UNESCO's ...|publisher=UNESCO Office Juba|year=2015|isbn=978-92-3-100092-8|location=Juba, South Sudan|pages=47}}</ref> sjq1a3v2n4zais4mpdwvs2uw93nel2a 300931 300930 2026-07-06T21:18:55Z Ayanfo189 46015 300931 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ururka [[Media development|Horumarinta Warbaahinta]] ee [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] (AMDISS)''' waa urur warbaahineed oo fadhigiisu yahay [[Juba]], [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . Waxaa la aasaasay 2003. <ref>{{Cite book|last=UNESCO|title=Interim assessment of media development in South Sudan: based on UNESCO's ...|publisher=UNESCO Office Juba|year=2015|isbn=978-92-3-100092-8|location=Juba, South Sudan|pages=47}}</ref> Kooxdu waxay ka shaqeysaa sidii ay gacan uga geysan lahayd xoojinta [[Media (communication)|warbaahinta]] iyo sidii loo heli lahaa qaab-dhismeed Koonfurta Suudaan si loo hubiyo [[Freedom of speech|xorriyadda hadalka]], xuquuqda macluumaadka iyo [[Xuquuqda dadka|xuquuqda kale ee aadanaha]], <ref>https://www.npaid.org/Our-Work/Countries-we-work-in/Africa/South-Sudan/Development-cooperation-in-South-Sudan/Partners-for-development-cooperation-in-South-Sudan/Association-of-Media-Development-in-Sudan-AMDISS</ref> waxayna higsaneysaa inay ilaaliso [[Freedom of expression|xorriyadda hadalka]], [[Freedom of the press|xorriyadda saxaafadda]], iyo ogolaanshaha is-xakamaynta warbaahinta. <ref>http://www.gurtong.net/ECM/Editorial/tabid/124/ctl/ArticleView/mid/519/articleId/21030/AMDISS-UJOSS-Are-Not-Media-Per-Se-Brother-Alier.aspx</ref> AMDISS waxaa sidoo kale loo aasaasay si wax looga qabto dhibaatada [[Siyaasadda Koonfurta Suudaan|dowladda Koonfurta Suudaan]] oo si liidata u fahansan doorka iyo waajibaadka warbaahinta ee dalka. <ref>https://www.npaid.org/Our-Work/Countries-we-work-in/Africa/South-Sudan/Development-cooperation-in-South-Sudan/Partners-for-development-cooperation-in-South-Sudan/Association-of-Media-Development-in-Sudan-AMDISS</ref> == Tixraacyo == 96sa99nm4f88r7utx3a0xna9uoydsad 0 48590 300932 2026-07-06T21:25:50Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Maulana Josephine Adhet Deng''' (waxay dhalatay 1996) waa qareen hormuud u ah u ololaynta xuquuqda haweenka ee [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . Waxay ahayd aroosad carruureed waana xaaska xildhibaan ka tirsan baarlamaanka. == Nolosha == Deng waxay dhalatay qiyaastii 1996, iyadoo siddeed jir ah ayayna guursatay. Waxay guursatay [[Faustino Atem Gualdit]] <ref name="beat">"Female lawyer longing for justice after husband beats her in parliament"</ref>kaasoo ahaa hoggaamiye... 300932 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maulana Josephine Adhet Deng''' (waxay dhalatay 1996) waa qareen hormuud u ah u ololaynta xuquuqda haweenka ee [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . Waxay ahayd aroosad carruureed waana xaaska xildhibaan ka tirsan baarlamaanka. == Nolosha == Deng waxay dhalatay qiyaastii 1996, iyadoo siddeed jir ah ayayna guursatay. Waxay guursatay [[Faustino Atem Gualdit]] <ref name="beat">"Female lawyer longing for justice after husband beats her in parliament"</ref>kaasoo ahaa hoggaamiye xilligii dagaalkii sokeeye. Ninkeeda ayaa noqday xubin ka tirsan baarlamaanka Koonfurta Suudaan. Waxay kala tageen 2022, Deng-na wuxuu helay amar maxkamadeed oo ku qasbaya inuu siiyo fursad ay kula kulmaan laba carruur ah oo ay dhaleen. Waxaa la sheegay inuu Deng ku garaacay baarlamaanka isagoo la jooga xildhibaanno kale oo markhaatiyaal ah. <ref name="beat2">https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/committee-sworn-in-to-oversee-bar-association-polls</ref> Bishii Janaayo 2024 waxay ka mid ahayd u doodayaasha iyo xubnaha qareennada ee loo doortay inay hubiyaan doorasho caddaalad ah sababtoo ah xubnaha ayaa ku kalsoonaa. Kooxdoodu waxay qaban doontaa shir guud oo xubnaha ah halkaas oo lagu go'aamin doono hoggaanka ururka qareennada. <ref name="bar">https://goldentimessouthsudan.com/index.php/2024/05/08/lawyer-accuses-kiirs-ex-secretary-of-tempering-with-murder-investigation/</ref> Bishii Maajo 2024 waxay bilowday baaritaan ku saabsan haweeney ku dhimatay koronto la'aan. Kiiskani wuxuu xiriir la leeyahay Madaxweyne [[Salva Kiir Mayardit]], Deng-na wuxuu sheegay in loogu hanjabay inuu kiiska joojin doono. <ref name="threat">https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2024/sep/27/south-sudan-juba-dinka-child-marriage-athiak-dau-riak-customs-brideprice</ref> == Tixraacyada == qoyj5plqx2atzc8ha6mkon8h7wvc60v 0 48591 300933 2026-07-06T21:29:59Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Josephine Chandiru Drama''' waa [[Human rights defender|qareen u doodda xuquuqda aadanaha]] [[South Sudanese|ee Koonfurta Suudaan]], [[Lawyer|qareen]], [[Activism|dhaqdhaqaaqe]], xubin ka tirsan Xarunta Koonfurta Suudaan, iyo agaasimaha ururka Steward Women oo ah [[Non-governmental organization|hay'ad aan dawli ahayn]] oo ka jirta [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . <ref name="Editor">https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/south-sudanese-human-rights-defender-receive... 300933 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josephine Chandiru Drama''' waa [[Human rights defender|qareen u doodda xuquuqda aadanaha]] [[South Sudanese|ee Koonfurta Suudaan]], [[Lawyer|qareen]], [[Activism|dhaqdhaqaaqe]], xubin ka tirsan Xarunta Koonfurta Suudaan, iyo agaasimaha ururka Steward Women oo ah [[Non-governmental organization|hay'ad aan dawli ahayn]] oo ka jirta [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . <ref name="Editor">https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/south-sudanese-human-rights-defender-receives-maputo-protocol-award</ref> <ref>https://www.developmentaid.org/organizations/view/511538/stewardwomen</ref> <ref>https://startnetwork.org/network/hubs/south-sudan-hub</ref> Waxay u ololeynaysay in ka badan 10 sano in Koonfurta Suudaan ay aqbasho [[Maputo Protocol|Hab-maamuuska Maputo]], iyada oo loo marayo Steward women, taas oo guul noqotay, bishii Juun 2023, markii Koonfurta Suudaan ay noqotay xubinta 44-aad ee waddanka Afrika. <ref name=":0">https://equalitynow.org/news_and_insights/20-for-20-solidarity-awards-advancing-the-maputo-protocol/</ref> == Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada == ca4jh245d4pbunf4t3n848xc1lbxiz0 300934 300933 2026-07-06T21:31:13Z Ayanfo189 46015 300934 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josephine Chandiru Drama''' waa [[Human rights defender|qareen u doodda xuquuqda aadanaha]] [[South Sudanese|ee Koonfurta Suudaan]], [[Lawyer|qareen]], [[Activism|dhaqdhaqaaqe]], xubin ka tirsan Xarunta Koonfurta Suudaan, iyo agaasimaha ururka Steward Women oo ah [[Non-governmental organization|hay'ad aan dawli ahayn]] oo ka jirta [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . <ref name="Editor">https://www.radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/south-sudanese-human-rights-defender-receives-maputo-protocol-award</ref> <ref>https://www.developmentaid.org/organizations/view/511538/stewardwomen</ref> <ref>https://startnetwork.org/network/hubs/south-sudan-hub</ref> Waxay u ololeynaysay in ka badan 10 sano in Koonfurta Suudaan ay aqbasho [[Maputo Protocol|Hab-maamuuska Maputo]], iyada oo loo marayo Steward women, taas oo guul noqotay, bishii Juun 2023, markii Koonfurta Suudaan ay noqotay xubinta 44-aad ee waddanka Afrika. <ref name=":0">https://equalitynow.org/news_and_insights/20-for-20-solidarity-awards-advancing-the-maputo-protocol/</ref> == Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada == Riwaayadda waxay haysataa shahaadada koowaad ee sharciga [[Makerere University|Jaamacadda Makerere]] waxayna haysataa [[Postgraduate Diploma in Legal Practice|shahaadada labaad ee sharciga ee ku saabsan dhaqanka sharciga]] ee [[Law Development Centre|Xarunta Horumarinta Sharciga]] . <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Nabukenya</ref> == Tixraacyada == 4o1v2jkvc36hs91201p60lbxalvem0g 0 48592 300935 2026-07-06T21:40:59Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Ajonye Perpetua Paya''' waa qareen dastuuri ah, garsoore iyo u dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda aadanaha [[Koonfur Suudaan|ee Koonfurta Suudaan]] . Ilaa 2013 waxay ahayd garsoore heer sare ah oo ka tirsan garsoorka Koonfurta Suudaan. Waxay ka caawisay qorista dastuurka ku meel gaarka ah ee 2005 ee [[Suudaan]] . Waxay ka soo shaqeysay golaha wasiirada ee [[Central Equatoria|Gobolka Dhexe ee Equatoria]] sanadkii 2011, ka dibna waxay ka soo shaqeysay golaha wasiirada ee Madaxweyne Salva... 300935 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ajonye Perpetua Paya''' waa qareen dastuuri ah, garsoore iyo u dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda aadanaha [[Koonfur Suudaan|ee Koonfurta Suudaan]] . Ilaa 2013 waxay ahayd garsoore heer sare ah oo ka tirsan garsoorka Koonfurta Suudaan. Waxay ka caawisay qorista dastuurka ku meel gaarka ah ee 2005 ee [[Suudaan]] . Waxay ka soo shaqeysay golaha wasiirada ee [[Central Equatoria|Gobolka Dhexe ee Equatoria]] sanadkii 2011, ka dibna waxay ka soo shaqeysay golaha wasiirada ee Madaxweyne [[Salva Kiir Mayardit]], kaasoo shaqada ka eryay bishii Maajo 2013. Tan iyo markaas waxay ka soo qabatay jagooyin hoggaamineed Ururka Sharciga ee Koonfurta Suudaan waxayna inta badan ka hadashay arrimaha xuquuqda madaniga ah oo ay ku jiraan xuquuqda haweenka iyo rabshadaha ku salaysan jinsiga. Sannadkii 2023 waxay madax ka ahayd Xoghaynta Guddiga Dib-u-habeynta Garsoorka (JRC) ee Koonfurta Suudaan. == Jagooyinka rasmiga ah == Garsoore Ajonye waa qareen dastuuri ah. <ref name="eyeradio20230924">https://www.eyeradio.org/women-still-face-legal-barriers-to-property-inheritance-justice-ajonye/</ref> Waxaa loo magacaabay garsoore heerka koowaad ah oo ka tirsan garsoorka [[Suudaan]] .  [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement|Heshiiska Nabadda ee Dhammaystiran]] waxaa la saxiixay 9-kii Janaayo 2005 dhammaadkii [[Second Sudanese Civil War|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Labaad ee Suudaan]] . <ref name="nd">https://sudantribune.com/article45653/</ref> Ajonye wuxuu xubin ka ahaa Guddiga Dib-u-eegista Dastuurka Qaranka sannadkii 2005 ka dibna wuxuu ka tirsanaa Guddiga Qorista ee diyaariyey [[Constitution of Sudan|Dastuurka ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Suudaan]] . Tan waxaa la ansixiyay 6-dii Luulyo 2005. <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Recent Constitutional Developments|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/pdf/CS_Sudan.pdf|date=2015|location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref> == Tixraacyada == s9o3ypvvz48rep9zko6kvjcdzlvp46m 3 48594 300965 2026-07-07T07:20:42Z Mohamed moosow 43893 /* Abtirsiga reer maamay */ qayb cusub 300965 wikitext text/x-wiki == Abtirsiga reer maamay == Reerkaani: waxay la noolyihiin, beelweeynta disow deeqoe ee degta carliga bokool, imaanshaha reerkaani ee dhulkaasi si kala duwan ayaan loo qeexaa, welina waa dood socota. Waxayna tol la yihiin oo ay la deegaan qolo la yiraahdo godle, ahna abtiyaasha qoraaga article-kaan. Hadaba barashada nasabka, waa lagama maarmaan. Nabiga scw wuxuu yiri (من انتسب غير أبيه فالجن عليه حرام) Abtirsigaan waxaa Soo uruuriyey maxamed Cali maamay(mad elow maamay). Reer maamay, waa reer ka dhashey Daarood, ka ah Absame, ka ah Weyteen, ka ah cabdi ibraahim, ka ah cigaal, ka ah ayaanle, ka ah reer iidle. Abtirsigaan waxaan ku bilaabi doona magaceyga, wuxuuna u dhacaya sidaan. {Maxamed cali Maxamed Cali Xassan Cali Maxamud Cali Iidle Ayaanle Cigaal Cabd iIbraahim Shekh Cali Cabdiramaan Abuubakar Ismaciil Axmad Cabdulaahi Abasame Juduq Kudwaaq Farax Daahir Wayteen Absame kuumade kablalax daarood cismaaciil} [[File:Darod_flag.svg|thumb|Daarood weyne]] <ref>Mohamed Ali 252612160043</ref> [[User:Mohamed moosow|Mohamed moosow]] ([[User talk:Mohamed moosow|wadahadal]]) 07:20, 7 Luuliyo 2026 (UTC) 5ij51qprkotf26jee54syhh9uowd3k4