Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.9 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Puntland 0 2247 300972 300964 2026-07-07T13:29:15Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii oo sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/Maydkinool45|Maydkinool45]] ([[User talk:Maydkinool45|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] 300972 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Puntland''' , si rasmi ah maamul -'''goboleedka Soomaaliyeed ee Puntland''' , waa maamul - goboleedka isku haysta in uu ka tirsan yahay [[Soomaaliya]] , inkastoo aysan aqbalin sharcinimada maamulka hadda jira ee Soomaaliya . Waxaa la aasaasay 1998, waana dawlad xubin ka ah [[Dawladda federaalka Soomaaliya|federaalka Soomaaliya.]] Puntland waxay ku taal waqooyi bari Soomaaliya. Caasimadeeda waa magaalada [[Garoowe]] ee gobolka [[Nugaal]] . Gobolku wuxuu lahaa dad dhan 4,334,633 sanadka 2016.{{Infobox settlement | official_name = Puntland State of Somalia<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Puntland-const2010.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=30 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610044838/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Puntland-const2010.pdf |archive-date=10 June 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> | name = Puntland | native_name = {{unbulleted list|{{native name|so|Buntilaan}} |{{native name|ar|أرض البنط|italics=off}}}} |settlement_type = | image_flag = Flag of Puntland.svg | flag_size = 120px | image_shield = Coat of Arms of Puntland.svg | image_map = |image2 = | mapsize = 250px |pushpin_map =Somalia | map_caption = | coordinates = {{Coord|8|24|N|48|29|E|type:city}} | seat = [[Garowe]] | governing_body = [[Dowladda Puntland]] | leader_title1 = [[Siciid Cabdulaahi Deni|Madaxwaynaha]] | leader_name1 = [[Siciid Cabdulaahi Deni]] | area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.populationdata.net/rankings/population/|title=Rankings – Countries and Territories of the World • PopulationData.net|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629181040/https://en.populationdata.net/rankings/population/|url-status=live}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 212510 | area_water_km2 = 21,711 | leader_title2 = Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka | leader_name2 = [[Ilyaas Cismaan Lugator]] | leader_title3 = Afhayeenka Aqalka | leader_name3 = [[Cabdirisaaq Axmed Siciid]] | area_rank = | established_title = La asaasay | established_date = 1 Ogosto 1998 | seat_type = Caasimada | population_est = 4334633 | pop_est_as_of = 2016 | pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="PLFactsandFigures2012-2017">{{cite web |title=Puntland Facts and Figures 2012–2017 |url=https://bareedo.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Puntland-Facts-and-Figures-2017-Year-book-2018-1.pdf |access-date=31 July 2023 |archive-date=31 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731042558/https://bareedo.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Puntland-Facts-and-Figures-2017-Year-book-2018-1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | timezone1 = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | utc_offset_DST = +3 | motto = | area_code = [[+252]]90 (Soomaaliya) | iso_code = SO }} Puntland waxa ay xad la wadaagtaa Somaliland dhanka galbeed, Gacanka Cadmeed ee waqooyi, kanaalka Guardafui ee waqooyi-bari, badweynta Hindiya , Koonfur-galbeed ee maamulka Galmudug , iyo Itoobiya oo koonfur-galbeed ah. Puntland waxaa ku yaal dhowr daraf oo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin Cape Guardafui , oo ah cidhifka Geeska Afrika, Raas Xaafuun oo ah meesha ugu bari ee qaaradda Afrika oo dhan, iyo bilawga buuraleyda Karkaar . Magaca "Puntland" waxa uu ka yimid dhulkii Puntland ee lagu sheegay ilo-wareedyadii hore ee Masaarida , in kasta oo meesha saxda ah ee dhulka laga sameeyay ay tahay qarsoodi. Daraasado badan ayaa soo jeedinaya in dhulka Puntland uu ku yaalay Soomaaliya maanta, halka qaar kalena ay soo jeedinayaan in uu ku yaal meel kale. 31-March-2024-ka kadib is bedelo ka dhashay qalalaasaha dastuuriga ah ee Soomaaliya ayaa dowladda Puntland waxa ay sheegtay in aysan aqoonsanayn awoodda dowladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya , isla markaana aysan ka qeyb geli doonin hay’adaha federaalka Soomaaliya . Waxay ku dhawaaqday inay si madax-banaan u shaqayn doonto, ama “ay fulin doonto awoodaha dawlad madax bannaan”, inta laga helayo dawlad federaal ah oo leh dastuur lagu heshiiyey afti dadweyne oo ay Puntland ka qayb galayso. ==Taariikhda== ===Saldanada Majeerteen iyo Hobyo=== Majeerteen Sultanate (Migiurtinia) waxaa la aas aasay bartamihii qarnigii 18-aad. Waxay soo shaacbaxday qarnigii xigay, oo uu xukumayey Boqorka kheyraadka badan (Boqor) Cismaan Maxamuud . Xarunteedu waxay ahayd Caluula , waxay gacanta ku haysay inta badan waqooyiga iyo badhtamaha Soomaaliya qarniyadii 19-aad iyo horraantii 20-aad. Boqor Cismaan waxa uu ka mid ahaa ugaasyadii caanka ahaa ee beelaha Daarood oo soo maamuli jiray magaalooyinka qadiimiga ah ee Caluula, Baargaal , Boosaaso iyo Xaafuun ka dibna waxa uu u soo baxay oday dhaqameed awood leh oo si buuxda u maamula deegaamada uu ka taliyo. Siyaasaddu waxa ay ilaalisay shabakad ganacsi oo adag, waxa ay heshiisyo la gashay quwado shisheeye, waxana ay awood dhexe oo xoog leh ka fulisay gudaha gudaha. [[File:Garesadihafun.jpg|thumb|Mid ka mid ah qalcadaha Suldaanka Majeerteen (Migiurtinia) ee Xaafuun]] Suldaanka Majeerteen waxa uu ku sigtay in la burburiyo bartamihii 1800-aadkii dagaal awoodeed oo dhex maray Boqor Cismaan iyo Yuusuf Cali Keenadiid oo uu adeer u ahaa . Ka dib ku dhawaad ​​shan sano oo dagaal ah, dhallinyaradii bilawday ayaa ugu dambayntii lagu qasbay in loo masaafuriyo Yemen . Toban sano ka dib, sannadihii 1870-aadkii, Kenadiid wuxuu ka soo noqday Jasiiradda Carabta isagoo wata koox ka mid ah Musketeers Hadhrami iyo koox dab-damiyayaal ah. Iyagoo gacan ka helaya, wuxuu ku guulaystey inuu ka awood roonaado beelihii deegaanka oo uu dhidibada u taagay Saldanada Hobyo 1878. Dabayaaqadii 1889kii Boqor Cismaan wuxuu heshiis la galay Talyaaniga , isaga oo boqortooyadiisa ka dhigay maxmiyad Talyaani ah . Suldaan Keenadiid oo la tartamayey ayaa sanad ka hor saxiixay heshiis kaas la mid ah oo ku wajahan suldaannimadiisa. Labada masuulba waxay saxeexeen heshiisyada maxmiyadda si ay u horumariyaan ujeeddooyinkooda isballaarinta, iyadoo Boqor Cismaan uu eegayay inuu taageero Talyaanigu u adeegsado halganka awoodeed ee uu kula jiro Kenadiid ee Saldanada Majeerteen. Boqor Cismaan iyo Suldaan Keenadiid waxa ay sidoo kale rajaynayeen in ay ka faa’idaystaan ​​danaha iska soo horjeeda ee ka dhexeeya quwadaha reer Yurub ee markaasi doonayey in ay ka taliyaan gacanka Soomaalida, si ay uga fogaadaan in si toos ah xoog loogu qabsado dhulkooda. Markii si tartiib tartiib ah loo ballaariyay waqooyiga Soomaaliya ee gumeystihii reer Yurub, dhammaan seddexdii suldaan waxaa lagu daray Soomaalilaan Talyaani horaantii qarnigii 20aad. ===Dhismihii Puntland=== Ka dib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya 1991-kii, shirweyne dastuuri ah oo ka soo baxay gudaha Garoowe ayaa lagu qabtay Garoowe 1998-kii oo socday muddo saddex bilood ah. Shirkan oo ay ka soo qeyb galeen qeybaha kala duwan ee bulshada, Isimada , ganacsatada, waxgaradka iyo qeybaha kala duwan ee bulshada rayidka ah ayaa waxaa ka soo qeyb galay masuuliyiin ka tirsan maamulka Puntland, waxaana shirkan ka soo qeyb galay xubno ka socday beesha caalamka iyo qeybaha kala duwan ee bulshada. Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed waxa uu noqday madaxweynihii dhidibada u taagay dawladdii curdinka ahayd. Sida ku cad qodobka 1-aad ee Axdiga ku meel gaarka ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya , Puntland waa qayb ka mid ah dawladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya. Sidaas darteed, gobolku wuxuu raadinayaa midnimada Soomaalida , wuxuuna u hoggaansamaa nidaamka federaalka. Si ka duwan jamhuuriyadda Somaliland ee galbeedkeeda, Puntland iskuma daydo inay hesho aqoonsi caalami ah oo ah qaran gaar ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, labada gobolba hal shay ayaa ka dhexeeya oo ah inay taageeradooda ku saleeyaan oday-dhaqameedyada iyo qaab-dhismeedkooda urureed iyadoo lagu saleynayo xidhiidhka qabiilka iyo xigaalka . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, farqiga ugu muhiimsani wuxuu ahaa in Puntland loo sameeyay sidii isir ku salaysan oo ka duwan Somaliland. Dawladdu waxay u dhisnayd "dhulkii hooyo" ee beesha Harti ee Waqooyiga Soomaaliya, taas oo Majeerten loo arkayay "madax-qaab-yaqaannada" ee deegaanka. Tan iyo markii la aasaasay 1998, Puntland waxa ay sidoo kale Somaliland kula jirtay muran dhuleed oo ku saabsan gobollada Sool , Sanaag iyo Cayn. Qaab-dhismeedka sharci ee Puntland wuxuu ka kooban yahay Garsoorka, Xeer-dejinta ( Golaha Wakiilada ) iyo fulinta (Madaxwaynaha iyo Golihiisa Wasaaradaha uu magacaabay) waaxaha dawladda. Inkasta oo ay nabad ahayd, haddana gobolku waxa uu muddo kooban ka dhacay qalalaase siyaasadeed sannadkii 2001 markaas oo madaxweynihii Puntland ee xilligaas, Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed, oo ka mid ahaa aabayaashii dhidibbada u taagay Puntland iyo madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay uu doonayay in muddada loo kordhiyo. Axmed iyo Jaamac Cali Jaamac waxay ku dagaalameen gacan ku haynta gobolka, iyadoo Axmed uu ku guuleystay sannadkii xigay. Axmed ayaa markii labaad xilka madaxweynenimo hayay ilaa Oktoobar 2004, markaasoo loo doortay madaxweynaha Soomaaliya . Waxa xilka ku kala wareegay Maxamed Xaashi oo xilka hayay ilaa January 2005 markaas oo uu ku guul-darraystay tartankii dib-u-doorashada ee golaha wakiillada General Maxamuud Muuse Xirsi “Cadde”. ==Siyaasada== Puntland ayaa adeegsata hab baarlamaan oo ah in madaxweynaha iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka ay soo doortaan golaha baarlamaanka ee Puntland ===Maamulka General Cadde Muuse=== [[File:Cadde1.jpg|thumb|Mohamud Muse Hersi]] Bishii March 2005, Madaxweyne Muuse waxa uu bilaabay qorshe hammi ah oo lagu dhisayo garoonka diyaaradaha ee magaalada Boosaaso ee xarunta ganacsiga Puntland, mashruucaas oo hadda la dhamaystiray laguna magacaabo Bender Qassim International Airport . Bishii Abriil 2007, Muuse wuxuu kulamo la qaatay Sheikh Saud bin Saqr Al Qaasimi , oo ah dhaxal-sugaha iyo ku-xigeenka Amiirka Ras al-Khaimah ee Isutagga Imaaraadka Carabta (UAE), halkaas oo ay labada hoggaamiye ku kala saxiixdeen heshiis ku saabsan samaynta goob karantiil oo xoolaha ah si loo fududeeyo dhoofinta xoolaha Soomaaliya ee Imaaraadka. Bishii Oktoobar 2008, Muuse waxa kale oo uu heshiis 170 milyan Dirham ah la saxeexday Kooxda Lootah ee Dubai si ay uga taageerto dhismaha garoonka diyaaradaha, dekedda iyo aagga xorta ah ee magaalo-xeebeedda Boosaaso. Muuse waxa uu tilmaamay “Waxaan aaminsanahay in marka aan dhammayno mashaariicdan oo dhan ay dadkeenu ka faa’iidaysan doonaan inay helaan adeeg caafimaad oo wanaagsan, waxbarasho iyo barwaaqo guud. ===Maamulka Faroole=== [[File:Abdirahman Farole.jpg|thumb|Cabdiraxmaan Faroole]] Bishii Janaayo 2009, Cabdiraxmaan Faroole ayaa loo doortay madaxweynaha cusub ee Puntland . Maamulka Faroole ayaa markii uu xilka la wareegay wuxuu sameeyay isbedello badan, gaar ahaan laamaha ammaanka iyo garsoorka. Si loo xoojiyo nidaamka cadaaladda ee gobolka, xeer-ilaaliyeyaal badan, garsoorayaal iyo shaqaale kale oo maxkamadeed iyo sidoo kale ilaalada xabsiga oo dheeraad ah ayaa la shaqaaleysiiyay lana tababaray. Bishii Luulyo 2010, Golaha Wasiirada Puntland waxay cod aqlabiyad ah ku ansixiyeen sharciga cusub ee la dagaalanka argigixisada si si hufan loogu maareeyo tuhmanayaasha argagixisanimada iyo kuwa gacan saar la leh; Maxkamad gaar ah ayaa sidoo kale la filayaa in laga dhiso nidaamka maxkamadaha dembiyada ee gobolka si loo fududeeyo hawsha. Dhanka maaliyadda, waxaa la sameeyay hannaan maaliyadeed oo daah-furan oo ku saleysan miisaaniyad , kaasoo sida la sheegay gacan ka geystay kordhinta kalsoonida shacabka ee dowladda. Sidoo kale, waxaa la sameeyay dastuur cusub oo heer gobol ah, kaddibna la ansixiyay 15-kii Juun 2009, kaasoo la rumeysan yahay inuu ka dhigan yahay tallaabo muhiim ah oo loo qaaday aakhirkii in nidaamka siyaasadeed ee xisbiyada badan laga hirgeliyo deegaanka markii ugu horreysay; Nidaamkan oo kale ayaa hore uga jiray gobolka Somaliland ee ku xiga. Dib-u-habayn aad u yar ayaa sidoo kale lagu sameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqyada qaybta bulshada, gaar ahaan dhinacyada waxbarashada iyo daryeelka caafimaadka. Maamulka gobolka ayaa shaqaaleysiiyay shaqaale iyo macalimiin badan oo ka shaqeeya daryeelka caafimaadka, iyadoo qorshuhu yahay in dib u habeyn lagu sameeyo iskuullada iyo isbitaallada. Mid ka mid ah dib-u-habaynta cusub ee ugu muhiimsan ee uu sameeyay maamulka Puntland ee hadda xilka haya ayaa ah daah-furkii bishii May 2009 ee Hay’adda daryeelka bulshada Puntland (PASWE), oo ah hay’addii ugu horreysay ee nooceeda ah taariikhda Soomaaliya. Hay’addu waxa ay taageero caafimaad, waxbarasho iyo la-talinba siisaa dadka nugul iyo shakhsiyaadka sida agoonta, naafada iyo indhoolayaasha. PASWE waxaa korjoogta ka ah Gole Sare oo ka kooban Culimaa’udiin , Ganacsato, Waxgarad iyo Odayaal dhaqameed. ===Habka dimuqraadiyaynta=== 15kii Juun 2009, dawladda Puntland waxay ansixisay qabyo-qoraalka dastuurka cusub ee gobollada, taas oo ka dhigan tallaabo muhiim ah oo loo qaaday in ugu dambayntii lagu soo dabbaalo nidaamka siyaasadda xisbiyada badan ee gobolka markii ugu horreysay [[File:Somdbihd6.png|thumb|Haweenka oo ku jira hawl siyaasadeed inta lagu guda jiro geeddi-socodka dimuqraadiyaynta Puntland]] 15 April 2012, dawladda Puntland ayaa furay shirweyne dastuuri ah oo socon doona muddo afar maalmood ah, kaas oo si rasmi ah loogu daah-furay dastuurka cusub ee Puntland . Dastuurka oo ay kormeereen guddiga doorashada Puntland ayaa u taagan tilaabadii ugu dambeysay ee geedi socodka dimuqraadiyeynta gobolada, waxaana qorshuhu ahaa in la dhiso xisbiyo siyaasadeed. 12-kii September 2012, guddiga doorashada Puntland ayaa ku dhawaaqay in diiwaan gelinta xisbiyada siyaasadda Puntland ay hadda furan tahay. Arrintan ayaa timid kadib markii la meel mariyay sharciga ururada siyaasadda, xeerka aftida, xeerka doorashooyinka degmooyinka iyo daah-furka dastuurka dowlad goboleedyada. Waxay sidoo kale noqon doonaan kuwa loolan adag doorashada soo socota, ee loo qorsheeyay Janaayo 2014. 14 November 2012, Madaxweyne Faroole ayaa ku dhawaaqay daah-furka xisbigiisa cusub ee Horseed . Ururku waxa uu tiriyaa in ka badan 200 oo xubnood, waxana ay matalaan xukuumadda Puntland ee hadda xilka haysa, sida Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Cabdisamad Cali Shire iyo wasiiru dowlayaasha. Waa xisbigii ugu horreeyay ee la filayo in uu codsi ka diiwaan galiyo Guddiga Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Doorashooyinka Puntland (TPEC). Sidoo kale Faroole ayaa sheegay in guud ahaan shacabka ay xaq u yeelan doonaan ka mid noqoshada ururkaasi marka loo doorto xisbi siyaasadeed oo rasmi ah. Waxa la asaasay shan urur siyaasadeed oo kale bishii xigtay, oo ay ku jiraan Xisbiga Horumarka iyo Cadaaladda ee Horcad oo uu furay ganacsade iyo ganacsade Cumar Ismaaciil Waaberi oo ay weheliyaan siyaasiyiin kale, Midowga Shacabka Gobollada ama UPR (Ururka Gobollada Umadaha Bahoobey ama UGUB), Midnimo, Talowadaag (Consensus-Consensus-Building) ee Asaaska G. Waxbarashada iyo Horumarinta ee ku wajahan Aasaaska Hadafka Dhabta ah). ===Maamulka Dr. Cabdiweli Maxamed Cali Gaas=== [[File:Presidentialres.jpg|thumb|Madaxtooyada [[Boosaaso]]]] 8-dii Janaayo 2014, Ra’iisul Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya C/weli Maxamed Cali ayaa loo doortay Madaxweynihii 5-aad ee Puntland isagoo kaga guuleystay Dr. Faroole hal cod. Cabdixakiim Cabdullaahi Xaaji Cumar ayaa isku mar loo doortay madaxweyne ku xigeenka Puntland. ===Maamulka Deni=== 8-dii Janaayo 2019 Wasiirkii hore ee Qorsheynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ee Dowladda Federaalka, Saciid Cabdullaahi Deni, ayaa lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay Madaxweynaha cusub. Doorashada ayaa ahayd mid si weyn loogu tartamay, waxaana loo gudbay wareeggii saddexaad ee codbixinta. Deni ayaa ka adkaaday Asad Cismaan Cabdullaahi oo horay uga tirsanaan jiray Nabadsugidda . Deni ayaa helay 35 cod, halka Diayno uu helay 31 cod. [[File:Said Abdullahi Deni (22-05-2021) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Madaxweynaha Puntland [[Siciid Cabdulaahi Deni|Siciid Cabdullaahi Deni]]]] Deni ayaa la hadlay xildhibaanada kadib markii lagu dhawaaqay in uu guuleystay. Waxa uu sheegay in uu sii wadi doono siyaasadii Madaxweynihii isaga ka horeeyay ee C/weli Gaas. Bishii Abriil 2024, Puntland waxay ku dhawaaqday inay u shaqeyn doonto sidii dowlad madax-bannaan iyada oo uu jiro khilaaf ka dhashay isbeddelka dastuurka Soomaaliya. ==Qaybaha maamulka== ===Gobollada=== Sida ku cad qodobka 3aad ee dastuurka ku meel gaarka ah ee dawlad goboleedka Puntland 2001, Puntland waxay ka kooban tahay gobolada la sheeganayo: Cayn Buuhoodle3 Bari Boosaas 5 Karkaar Qardho 5 Ra'as Caseyr Aluula 5 Haylaan Dhahar 3 Mudug Gaalkacyo2,5 Nugaal Garoowe 5 Sanaag Badhan 4 Sool Laascaanood7 ===Dib u kala qaybinta iyo khilaafaadka xuduudaha=== Bishii Jannaayo 2009, maamul-goboleedka Maakhir ee wakhtiga gaaban ayaa si rasmi ah loogu daray Puntland. Gacan ku heynta galbeedka gobolada Sool , Sanaag iyo Cayn (SSC) ayaa lagu muransan yahay Somaliland. 17-kii July 2025, dowladda Puntland waxay xaqiijisay in gobolladaas ay ku sii jiraan maamulkooda, iyadoo diiday inay aqoonsato maamulka Khaatumo ilaa laga gaarayo heshiis wada-tashi ah. 8-dii April 2013, dowladda Puntland ayaa ku dhawaaqday in la sameeyay gobol cusub oo loogu magac daray Gardafuul . Waxaa laga soo saaray gobolka Bari, wuxuuna ka kooban yahay saddex degmo, wuxuuna xarun u yahay Caluula . Ka hor inta aan la magacaabin gobolkan cusub, dawladdii hore ee Puntland waxay samaysay saddex gobol oo dhammaantood laga soo xardhay gobolladii jiray: Karkaar waxaa laga soo xardhay Bari ,Haylaan oo Sanaag laga soo saaray , Cayn oo laga sameeyay gobolka Togdheer . Koonfurta sida ay sheegeen dowladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya iyo CIA-da , koonfurta Mudug waxay ka tirsan tahay Galmudug . Magaalooyinka ama magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn Puntland Darajo Magaca Gobolka Boob 1 Boosaaso Bari, Soomaaliya 164,906 2 Gaalkacyo Mudug 137,667 3 Garoowe Nugaal 70,991 4 Qardho Bari, Soomaaliya 56,825 5 Badhan, Sanaag Puntland iyo Somaliland oo ku muransan 55,300 6 Galdogob Nugaal 40,433 7 Waaciye Bari 44,109 8 n/a n/a n/a 9 n/a n/a n/a 10 n/a n/a ==Juqraafiga== [[File:Sambalaxx.jpg|thumb|Geel oo eegaya qaybaha caleenta ah ee buurta Cal Madow ee Puntland]] Puntland waxay ku taal juqraafi ahaan qaybta waqooyi bari ee Soomaaliya . Waxa xad la leh Somaliland oo galbeed ka xigta, woqooyiga Gacanka Cadmeed , Badweynta Hindiya koonfur-bari, iyo Itoobiya oo koonfur-galbeed ka xigta. Puntland waxay ku fadhidaa dhul baaxadiisu dhan tahay 212,510 km2 ( 82,050 sq mi) ama qiyaastii saddex meelood meel meel dhulka juqraafiyeed ee Soomaaliya. Buuraha waxaa ka mid ah Buuraha Golis , Galgala iyo Cal Madow ===Cimilada=== Gobolku waa badh-emane , leh cimilo diiran iyo celcelis ahaan heerkul maalinle ah oo u dhexeeya 27 °C (80.6 °F) ilaa 37 °C (98.6 °F). Xaaladahan cimiladu waxay u roon yihiin xoolo-dhaqatada oo ah isticmaalka ugu waxtarka badan ee dhulka inta badan qaybaha gobolka. Dhul-daaqsimeedka waxaa ka mid ah gobolka Hawd oo ku yaal dhulka sare ee galbeedka gobollada Mudug iyo Sool , dhulka cagaarka ah ee Sanaag iyo dhinaca Itoobiya iyo dooxada hoose ee Nugaaleed . Heerkulka khafiifka ah, marka la barbardhigo, waxaa la soo maray oo keliya hareeraha buuraha dhaadheer ee Bari . Roobabku waa yar yihiin waana kala duwan yihiin, iyada oo aanay jirin meel keliya oo hesha in ka badan 400 mm (15.7 in) oo roob ah sannadkii. Reer guuraagu waxay inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin ceelasha sidii isha biyaha halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen biyaha dusha sare leh . Waxa jira afar xilli oo nolosha xoolo-dhaqatada iyo beeralayda ah ku wareegsan yihiin, kuwaasna waxa lagu maamulaa isbeddellada dabaysha. Xilliyada Puntland waa: Jilaal - laga bilaabo Janaayo ilaa Maarso; xilliga qalalan ee ugu daran sanadka Gu - laga bilaabo Abriil ilaa Juun; xilli roobaadka ugu weyn Xagaa - laga bilaabo Luulyo ilaa Sebtembar; xilliga qalalan ee labaad Deyr - laga bilaabo Oktoobar ilaa Disembar; xilli roobaadka oo gaaban oo aan la isku hallayn karin ==Waxbarashada== [[File:Punstacomlab2.jpg|thumb|Fasalka kombiyuutarka ee Jaamacadda Dawladda Puntland ee xarunta [[Garoowe]]]] Ka dib markii ay Soomaaliya ka dillaaceen dagaalladii sokeeye, waxaa soo baxay dhibaatooyin badan oo la xiriira helitaanka waxbarasho ee miyiga iyo jinsiga, tayada bixinta waxbarashada, ka jawaabista manhajka dugsiyada, heerarka waxbarashada iyo kontaroolada, maareynta iyo qorsheynta awoodda iyo maalgelinta. Si wax looga qabto tabashooyinkaas, dawladda Puntland waxay waddaa qorshe ay ku dejinayso siyaasad waxbarasho oo lagu hagi karo geeddi-socodka aqooneed ee gobolka oo cagta saaraya waddada dib-u-dhiska iyo horumarinta dhaqaalaha. Midda dambe waxaa ku jira siyaasadda waxbarashada qaranka xasaasiga ah ee jinsiga oo u hoggaansan heerarka caalamiga ah, sida kuwa lagu qeexay Heshiiska Xuquuqda Carruurta (CRC) iyo Axdiga Ciribtirka Dhammaan Noocyada Takoorka ee Haweenka (CEDAW). Tusaalooyinka tallaabooyinkan iyo tallaabooyinka kale ee waxbarasho ee shaqada ayaa ah dejinta dawladda ee sharciga loogu talagalay in lagu sugo danaha waxbarasho ee gabdhaha, kor u qaadida kobaca barnaamijka Horumarinta Carruurnimada Hore (ECD) ee loogu talagalay in lagu gaaro waalidiinta iyo bixiyeyaasha daryeelka ee guryahooda iyo sidoo kale xarumaha ECD ee 0-ilaa 5-sano-jirrada 61-aad ee loogu talagalay in lagu dhiirigeliyo xirmooyinka carruurta ee 0- ilaa 5 - sano jir ah miyiga fogfog. Nidaamka waxbarashada Puntland waxaa loo arkaa inuu yahay midka ugu horumarsan, wuxuuna isku dayayaa inuu xiro farqiga u dhexeeya jinsiga si haween badan ay u awoodaan inay iskuulada tagaan. Gobolo kale ayaa ku raacaya in Puntland ay ka dhabeyso arrintaas. Dawladda Puntland dhexdeeda, wasaaradda waxbarashada ayaa u xilsaaran horumarinta iyo maaraynta baahiyaha waxbarasho ee gobolka. Waxa madax ka ah Wasiirka Maxamuud Bile Dubbe, oo ay hoos yimaadaan Wasiir-ku-xigeen iyo Agaasime Guud oo gacan ka geysta kormeerka Qaybta Waxbarashada Dugsiga Hoose (PPED) iyo Agaasinka Waxbarashada Aasaasiga ah (BED), iyo guddiyo kale. [[File:Eaubosaso2.jpg|thumb|Gelitaanka Jaamacadda Bariga Afrika faraceeda [[Boosaaso]]]] Nidaamka waxbarasho ee Puntland wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba sano oo korriin carruurnimo hore ah (ECD), siddeed sano oo waxbarasho hoose ah (afar sano oo dugsi hoose ah iyo afar sano oo dugsi hoose ah) iyo afar sano oo dugsi sare ah . Waxbarashada sare waxay ka kooban tahay celcelis ahaan afar sano, iyada oo gobolku hadda lagu tiriyo todobo jaamacadood oo waaweyn oo kala ah: Puntland State University Garowe , Puntland State University Gaalkacyo , Boosaaso College in Bosaaso , East Somalia University in Qardho , Muqdisho University ( Puntland branch ) in Bosaaso, Maakhir University in Badhan , Sanaag , iyo Nugaal University in Laascaanood . Jaamacadda Bariga Afrika waxay kaloo ku leedahay Puntland lix laamood, waxayna xarumo ku leedahay Boosaaso, Ceerigaabo , Galdogob , Gaalkacyo, Garoowe iyo Qardho. Sidaa darteed, waa nidaamka 2-4-4-4. Wasaaradda waxbarashada Puntland waxay sidoo kale u aqoonsan tahay waxbarashada dadban iyo farsamada gacanta iyo tababarka (TVET) inay yihiin qaybo ka mid ah nidaamka waxbarasho ee gobolka. Laga soo bilaabo 2005/2006 ilaa 2006/2007, waxaa aad kor ugu kacay tirada dugsiyada Puntland, taasoo ka badan 137 machad oo sanad ka hor ahaa. Isla muddadaas, tirada fasallada gobolka ayaa kordhay 504, iyada oo 762 macalimiin ah ay sidoo kale bixiyeen adeegyadooda. Wadarta is-diiwaangelinta ardayda ayaa kordhay 27% sannadkii hore, iyada oo habluhu wax yar ka dambeeyaan wiilasha xaadirka ah inta badan gobollada. Diwaan galinta ugu saraysa ayaa lagu arkay waqooyiga gobolka Bari , halka tiradii ugu hoosaysayna laga arkay gobolka Cayn oo dadkeedu yar yahay. Qaybinta fasallada ayaa ku dhawaad ​​si siman loo kala qaybiyey magaalooyinka iyo miyiga, iyada oo inta yar ee arday badani ka qayb galayaan iyo macallimiin ay casharro ku dhigaan magaalooyinka. Ka dib dhibaatadii COVID-19, Dawladda Puntland waxay daah-furtay Baasaboorka Waxbarashada, oo ah goob wax lagu barto dijitaalka ah oo ay carruurtu ka heli karaan waxyaabaha waxbarashada online iyo offline labadaba guryahooda. Baasaboorka Waxbarashadu waa iskaashi gogol-xaadh u dhexeeya UNICEF, Microsoft iyo Jaamacadda Cambridge. ==Tirakoobka dadka iyo diinta== [[File:Punmosq.jpg|thumb|Masjid ku yaala Boosaaso]] Ilaa 2016, dadka Puntland waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 4,334,633 qof, 39% waa reer guuraa . Gobolka waxaa dega ugu horrayn dad ka soo jeeda qowmiyadda Soomaalida , gaar ahaan Daarood ayaa si fiican u metelaya. Waxa kale oo jira tiro dadka Mehri deggan. Hadda 31% dadka gobolka ayaa ku nool magaalooyinka sida xawliga ah u koraya ee kala ah Boosaaso , Qardho , Laascaanood , Buuhoodle , Badhan , Galdogob , Garoowe iyo Gaalkacyo . Ku dhawaad ​​70% dadku waxay sidoo kale ka hooseeyaan da'da 30. Tirada dadka ee Puntland waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 20/km 2 (52/sq mi). Si la mid ah Soomaaliya inteeda kale, Islaamku waa diinta ugu weyn ee gobollada Puntland ==Gaadiidka== Gaadiidka basaska dowladda hoose ayaa ka shaqeeya magaalooyinka Boosaaso , Garoowe , Laascaanood , Gaalkacyo iyo Qardho . Adeegyada gaadiidka ee u dhexeeya magaalooyinka waaweyn ee gobolka iyo tuulooyinka ku dhow ayaa sidoo kale lagu heli karaa iyada oo loo marayo noocyada kala duwan ee baabuurta, sida 4 taayirrada iyo baabuurta fudud (LGV). Laga bilaabo May 2015, in ka badan 70,000 oo baabuur ayaa ka diiwaan gashan Wasaaradda Hawlaha iyo Gaadiidka Puntland [[File:Garoweresid6.jpg|thumb|Muuqaalka wadada dhinaceeda ee xaafad ku taal Garoowe]] Puntland waxa mara 750 km (470 mi) wadada wayn ee waqooyi-koonfur. Waxay isku xirtaa magaalooyinka waaweyn ee waqooyiga Soomaaliya, sida Garoowe, Boosaaso iyo Gaalkacyo, iyo magaalooyin ku yaal koonfurta. Sannadkii 2012, Hay'adda Waddooyinka Puntland waxay soo gabagabaysay dayactirka halbowlaha dhexe ee isku xira Garoowe iyo Gaalkacyo. Hay'adda gaadiidku waxay sidoo kale biloowday mashruuc dib-u-habayn iyo dayactir ah bishii Juun 2012 oo ku saabsan laamiga weyn ee isku xira magaalo-madaxda gobolka iyo Boosaaso. Intaa waxaa dheer, dayactirku wuxuu bilaabmay Oktoobar 2012 waddada dheer ee isku xirta Boosaaso iyo Qardho. Waxa kale oo uu socdaa qorshayaal lagu dhisayo waddooyin cusub oo isku xidha magaalooyinka waaweyn ee gobolka iyo jidka weyn. [[File:Bosasairp.jpg|thumb|Garoonka caalamiga ah ee Bender Qaasim ee magaalada Boosaaso 2016, ka hor dayactir]] Boosaaso waxay leedahay deked weyn oo la dhisay bartamihii 1980-meeyadii iyadoo sanad walba xoolaha nool loo daabulo bariga dhexe . Bishii Janaayo 2012, mashruuc dib u habeyn ah ayaa la bilaabay, iyadoo KMC ay qandaraas ku qaadatay hagaajinta dekedda. Wajigii koowaad ee hindisaha ayaa lagu arkay nadiifinta agabka aan loo baahnayn ee ka soo baxay barxadda dekedda, waxaana la dhameeyay bishii gudaheeda. Wejiga labaad waxa uu ku saabsan yahay dib u dhiska dekeddu ku teedsan tahay badda ku dheggan, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in la dejiyo maraakiibta waaweyn. Sannadkii 2012, koox injineero ah ayaa sidoo kale loo qoray maamulka Puntland si ay u qiimeeyaan dayactirka ka socda dekedda Laascaanood . Sida uu sheegay wasiirka dekedaha , Siciid Maxamed Raage , dawladda Puntland waxay ku talo jirtaa inay mashaariic horumarineed oo noocan oo kale ah ka hirgeliso magaalada Laascaanood. Duulimaadyada maxalliga ah waxay bixiyaan duulimaadyo kala duwan oo gudaha iyo dibadda ah, sida Jabuuti , Addis Ababa , Dubai iyo Jeddah ; sidoo kale waxay bixiyaan duulimaadyada xajka iyo cumrada . Duulimaadyada ugu caansan Puntland waxaa ka mid ah Jubba Airways , Cosob Air iyo Daallo Airlines , kuwaas oo ka howlgala garoonka diyaaradaha ee Bender Qaasim ee Boosaaso iyo garoonka diyaaradaha Cabdullaahi Yuusuf (Garoonkii hore ee Gaalkacyo) ee Gaalkacyo iyo meelo kale. Dabayaaqadii bishii Sebtembar 2013, waxaa xarunta lagu qabtay munaasabad lagu daah furayay qandaraaska qandaraaska dib u dayactirka garoonka diyaaradaha ee Boosaaso. Dayactirkan ayaa waxaa ka mid ah in la balaadhiyo dhabaha ay diyaaraduhu ku ordaan ee garoonka oo laga dhigay 1,800m ilaa 2,650m. Balaadhka dhabyga diyaaraduhu waxa kale oo laga balaadhin doonaa 30m ilaa 45m, waxaana labada dhinac ka muuqan doona 7.5m garbaha quruuruxda. Sida uu sheegay wasiir ku xigeenka wasaaradda duulista hawada Puntland Cabdiqani Geelle, dowladda Puntland ayaa qorshaynaysa in ay dhismo noocan oo kale ah ku sameyso garoonka diyaaradaha ee Garoowe ee Garoowe, garoonka diyaaradaha Cabdullaahi Yuusuf ee Gaalkacyo iyo kan Qardho ee Qardho. ==Milatari== [[File:Calaamada ciidamada daraawishta2.png|thumb|Astaanta Ciidanka Daraawiishta Puntland]] Ciidanka PSF-ta Puntland waa ciidamada qalabka sida ee maamul goboleedka Puntland. Taliyeyaasha iyo saraakiisha sare ee ciidamada waxaa loo magacaabay guddi tayo leh oo ay ansixiyeen Golaha Wasiirada. Laamaha amniga Puntland waxa kale oo ay leeyihiin maxkamad ciidan oo madax-banaan. PSF waxaa ka mid ah Ciidanka Daraawiishta Puntland (PDF), qaybteeda rasmiga ah ee ciidamada. Waxay ka shaqeysaa ciidankeeda booliiska, oo ay ku jiraan Unug Ilaalinta Gaarka ah. Hay’adda Sirdoonka Puntland (PIA) waa xafiiska sirdoonka ee ciidamada Puntland. Waxaa la aas aasay sanadkii 2001-dii iyadoo la aas aasay ciidanka sirdoonka Puntland xilligii uu talada hayay Madaxweyne Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed , iyadoo gacan ka heleysa dowladda Mareykanka. Ciidanka badda Puntland (PMPF) waa ciidan laga qorey gudaha, xirfadna u leh ilaalinta badda. Ugu horrayn waxaa looga golleeyahay ka hortagga, ogaanshaha iyo ciribtirka burcad-badeednimada , kalluumeysiga sharci-darrada ah , iyo falalka kale ee xaaraanta ah ee ka socda xeebaha Soomaaliya iyo guud ahaan ilaalinta kheyraadka badda ee qaranka. Intaa waxaa dheer, Ciidanku waxay bixiyaan taageero bulsho, oo ay ku jiraan dayactirka ceelasha, dayactirka isbitaallada iyo rugaha caafimaadka, iyo dayactirka waddooyinka, garoomada diyaaradaha iyo kaabayaasha kale. Waxa kale oo ay siisaa barnaamijyo tababar xirfadeed bulshooyinka deegaanka. ==Dhaqaalaha== Puntland waxay leedahay 1,600 km (990 mi) oo xeeb ah, kaas oo ay ku badan yihiin kalluunka iyo kheyraadka kale ee badda . Wax soo saarka dhaqaale ee dheeraadka ah iyo waxqabadyada gobolka waxaa ka mid ah xoolaha nool , faleenka , malmalka , xabkaha carabiga , wax soo saarka iyo beeraha . Wax soo saarka beeraha sida canbaha, muuska, guavas, liin, sonkorta, iyo lawska ayaa lagu beeraa beeraha gobolka. Raashinka iyo badeecadaha laga soo dejiyo Berbera , Somaliland qiimo jaban ayaa lagu iibiyaa marka loo eego kuwa Boosaaso laga soo dejiyo . Sidaa darteed, beddelka xoolaha nool ee ka soo jeeda Puntland waxaa laga dhoofiyaa Berbera . Xarumaha ganacsiga ee Puntland waxay ku kala yaalaan Boosaaso iyo Gaalkacyo . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, magaalooyinka kale sida Qardho iyo Garoowe waxay u dhaqmaan sidii goobaha suuqa ee fasalka labaad. Dakhliga waxaa laga soo saaraa warshadaha soo socda: Xoolaha, Kalluumeysiga, Beeyada, iyo Ganacsiga yaryar. Xoolaha ka soo jeeda Puntland waxaa loo dhoofiyaa Boosaaso. Xarumaha ganacsiga ee muhiimka ah ee Puntland waxay ku kala yaalaan Boosaaso iyo Gaalkacyo . Caanaha aruuriya ( Anooley Af Soomaali ) waxay ku sugan yihiin suuqyada magaalooyinka Qardho , Garoowe iyo Boosaso . Puntland ayaa leh heerka ugu hooseeya ee saboolnimada Soomaaliya , iyadoo 27% ka ah, halka Somaliland ay ka tahay 50% iyo 57% Muqdisho . Khubarada ayaa aaminsan in tani ay sabab u tahay isticmaalka badan iyo ka qaybgalka xoogga shaqada oo sarreeya. Qoysaska ku nool Puntland waxay isticmalaan tiro ka badan qofkiiba shay iyo wax ka badan qoyskiiba. Heerka hoose ee faqriga uma muuqdo mid ay wadaan tirada qoyska, maadaama celceliska Puntland uu yahay 5.2, marka la barbar dhigo 5.7 Somaliland iyo 4.5 ee Muqdisho . Puntland waxa ay si fiican uga socotaa tilmaamo kala duwan oo muhiim ah oo samaha. Tusaale ahaan, heerka wax-akhriska Puntland waa 64% marka la barbar dhigo celceliska qaranka oo ah 55%. Intaa waxaa dheer, qoysaska Puntland waxay sidoo kale ka sarreeyaan celceliska natiijooyinka kale ee waxbarasho sida is-diiwaangelinta iyo kasbashada waxbarashada. 70% qoysaska Puntland ayaa helay ilo biyood oo hagaagsan marka loo eego celceliska qaranka oo ah 58%. Sidaa darteed, waxqabadka sare ee Puntland ee tilmaamayaasha samaha ee aan lacagta ahayn waxay la jaan qaadayaan heerka saboolnimada hoose. Bishii Disembar 2011, suuq ganacsi oo cusub ayaa laga furay xaafadda Dayaxa ee waqooyiga Boosaaso ("Xiddiga"), una dhow dekedda. Qiyaastii nus kiilomitir cabbirkeeda, waxaa loo qorsheeyay si loo hubiyo helitaanka gaadhiga. Suuqan ayaa ka dhashay qorshe taxaddar leh oo u dhexeeya madaxda dawladda Puntland iyo wakiilada bulshada rayidka ah. [[File:Galkamaal.jpg|thumb|Bangiga Amal ee Gaalkacyo , Puntland]] Boosaaso waxa kale oo ay xarun u tahay shirkadda Golis Telecom Soomaaliya oo ah shirkadda ugu weyn ee isgaarsiineed ee waqooyi bari Soomaaliya. Waxaa la asaasay sanadkii 2002 ujeedadeeduna ahayd sidii dalka loo gaadhsiin lahaa adeegyada mobilada ee GSM, khadka tooska ah iyo adeega internet ka , waxa ay leedahay shabakad balaadhan oo ka kooban dhamaan magaalooyinka waaweyn ee qaranka iyo in ka badan 40 degmo oo ka kala tirsan Puntland iyo Somaliland. Intaa waxaa dheer, Netco waxay xarunteedu ku leedahay magaalada. Shirkadaha kale ee isgaarsiinta ee u adeega gobolka waxaa ka mid ah Telcom iyo NationLink . Bishii April 2013, Wasaaradda Kalluumeysiga iyo Kheyraadka Badda Puntland ayaa si rasmi ah u daah furtay suuq cusub oo kalluunka lagu iibinayo oo laga hirgeliyay magaalada Garoowe. Dhismahan oo ay iska kaashadeen madaxda UK iyo UNDP, waa qayb ka mid ah qorshe ballaaran oo lagu horumarinayo gobolka oo lagu arki doono laba suuq oo kale oo la mid ah oo sanadkan gudihiisa laga furay Gaalkacyo iyo Qardho. Bishii Agoosto 2014, iyada oo ay weheliyaan dawladda Jabuuti iyo shirkad dhisme oo caalami ah oo xarunteedu tahay Shiinaha, wasaaradda gaadiidka iyo dekedaha Puntland waxay daah-furtay mashruuc lagu dhisayo dekedo cusub oo maamul goboleedka. Qorshahan ayaa qeyb ka ah olole ballaaran oo maamulka Puntland uu ku doonayo in diiradda lagu saaro sidii looga faa’ideysan lahaa fursadaha ganacsi ee gobolka iyadoo loo marayo mashaariic horumarineed oo kala duwan ===Shidaal baadhista=== [[File:Puntland oil.png|thumb|Shidaalkii Puntland]] Sannadihii 2000-aadkii, dawladda Puntland waxay bilowday wada-xaajood rasmi ah oo ay la yeelanayso shirkado Shisheeye oo Shisheeye ah oo ku saabsan xuquuqda sahaminta dhulka. Maamulka gobolka Oktoobar 2005 ayaa Range Resources siiyay saamiga ugu badan ee labada shati ee sahaminta macdanta iyo kaarboonka biyaha ku salaysan ee baaxadda leh, marka lagu daro xuquuqaha badda. Xeebta Nugaaleed iyo Dooxada Dharoor ee su'aasha la is weydiinayo waxay gaaraysa in ka badan 14,424 iyo 24,908 km2 ( 5,569 iyo 9,617 sq mi), siday u kala horreeyaan. Laba sano ka dib, Range Resources waxay heshay 100% dulsaar labada baloog waxayna isla markaaba 80% ka beeratay saamigaas Canmex Minerals. Bishii Janaayo 2007, maamulka Puntland oo uu markaas hoggaaminayey Madaxweyne Maxamuud Muuse Xirsi ayaa heshiis la saxiixday Puntland Product Sharing Agreement (PSA) oo ay la saxiixdeen Range Resources Limited iyo Canmex Minerals subsidiary Canmex Holdings (Bermuda) II Limited. Ka dib markii uu isbedel ku yimid hoggaanka 2009, dawladda Puntland ee uu hadda hoggaamiyo Madaxweyne Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud Faroole, waxay damacday inay dib ugala xaajoodaan heshiiska faa'iidada qaybsiga ee Range Resources si loo xaqiijiyo shuruudo badan oo ku habboon gobolka. Sannadkii 2012, dawladda Puntland waxay siisay iftiinka cagaaran mashruucii ugu horreeyay ee sahaminta shidaalka ee Puntland iyo guud ahaan Soomaaliya. Sanadkii 2017-kii, wasiiro ka tirsan Puntland ayaa shir ay yeesheen golaha wasiirada waxay ku ansixiyeen heshiis shidaal baaris ah oo ay la gashay shirkadda CCECC ee laga leeyahay dalka Shiinaha , taas bedelkeedana waxaa lagu dhisay waddo isku xirta Eyl iyo Garoowe iyo dayactir iyo dib u habeyn lagu sameeyay garoonka diyaaradaha ee Cabdullaahi Yuusuf ==Warbaahinta== [[File:Satelpunt.jpg|thumb|Qaar ka mid ah adeegyada dayax-gacmeedka ee Puntland]] Puntland waxay leedahay TV iyo istuudiyo u gaar ah. TV-ga iyo Raadiyaha Puntland waa shabakada baahinta guud ee maamul goboleedka Puntland ee Soomaaliya. Xarunteedu waa magaalo madaxda gobolka ee Garoowe . Adeeggu wuxuu kaloo xafiis ku leeyahay London . La aas aasay bishii April 2013, Puntland TV iyo Radio waxay ku hadashaa af-Soomaali gudaha gudaha iyadoo la adeegsanayo adeegga dhulka. Waxa kale oo ay sii daysaa barnaamijyo caalami ah iyada oo loo marayo dayax-gacmeedka . Radio Puntland ayaa si caalami ah u tabiya mowjadaha gaaban, iyadoo la gaarsiinayo ilaa Finland. Barnaamijkeeda caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah wararka guud, diiradda saaraya horumarka gobolka, ciyaaraha iyo madadaalada. Idaacadaha sida gaarka ah loo leeyahay ee East Television Network (ETN TV) iyo Somali Broadcasting Corporation (SBC TV) ayaa laga baahiyey magaalada Boosaaso. Radio Garowe oo la aas aasay 2004tii waa idaacad bulsho oo xarunteedu tahay Garowe. Idaacadda ayaa maalin kasta ka soo baxda Soomaaliya 89.8 FM, [ 112 ] iyadoo ka soo tabisa dhammaan cinwaannadii ugu dambeeyay ee wararka, siyaasadda iyo bulshada Soomaaliyeed. Waxa ay sidoo kale baahisaa barnaamijyo kale oo gaar ah oo ka baxa Garowe Online oo ah mareegta walaalkeed ee internetka. LaasqorayNET waa shabakad kale oo si gaar ah loo leeyahay oo fadhigeedu yahay Badhan , Boosaaso , Dubai iyo London . Mareegta waxaa ku jira maqaallo ku qoran af Soomaali iyo Ingiriis. Intaa waxaa dheer, shabakadu waxay martigelisaa qaar ka mid ah maqalka, inkastoo kan dambe aan si joogto ah loo cusbooneysiin. Radio Gaalkacyo waa idaacada dowladda. Xarunteedu tahay magaalada Gaalkacyo , waxaa hore loo odhan jiray Radio Free Somalia. Horseed Media waxaa la aas aasay sanadkii 2002-dii, waxaana aasaasay koox aqoonyahano ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo ku kala nool dalalka Holland iyo Finland. Idaacadda ayaa ka dhegeysata magaalada Boosaaso, waxaana dhageystayaal gaaraya ilaa 80,000 oo qof, iyadoo dhererkeedu yahay 150 km2 ( 58 sq mi). Waxa kale oo ay ka shaqeysaa shabakad ay ku xisaabtamaan in ka badan 10,000 oo booqasho maalinle ah. Puntland Post oo fadhigeedu yahay magaalada Garoowe ayaa waxaa la aas aasay sanadkii 2001-dii, waxaana aasaasay qurba-joog Soomaaliyeed oo ku dhaqan dalka Denmark. Websaydhkeedu waxa uu maalin walba ku soo bandhigaa warbixino iyo falanqeyn isugu jira warar gudaha iyo dibadda ah oo isugu jira Soomaali iyo Ingiriis, iyadoo xoogga la saarayo arrimaha Puntland. Puntland Star oo la aas aasay 2014-kii, waxa ay idiin soo gudbisaa warar, sheekooyin iyo Documentry ka socda Soomaaliya iyo Caalamka intiisa kale. Ururada kale ee warbaahinta waxaa ka mid ah Raxanreeb Online (RBC Radio). Waxa la bilaabay 2006dii, RBC waxa ay dhagaystayaasha caalamka u soo bandhigtaa wararka Soomaaliga oo ku baxa Soomaali iyo Ingiriisba. Iyada oo ilo toos ah laga helayo Soomaaliya, waxay khusaysaa siyaasadda gudaha iyo bulshada ==Ciyaaraha== ===Kubadda Cagta=== Sannadka 2017, waxaa la aasaasay ururka maamul goboleedka Puntland oo ka kooban sagaal kooxood. == Dawladda Puntland == Dawladda Puntland ee somaliyeed waxaa la asaasay 1998kii, waxaana asaasay isimo ,siyaasiyiin,ganacsato,culimaa,udiin ,haween dadka ugu caansanaa ee isugu yimi shirkii GAROWE kadhacay 1998 waxaa kamid ahaa madaxweynihii hore ee Dawladda DFKMG [[Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmed]], Ibrahim Abshir Ibrahim, Beeldaaje Xaaji Cabdullahi, Suldaan Ciise Xasan Cumar, [[Ugaas Yaasiin Ugaas Cabdirixmaan| Ugaas Yaasiin]], Suldaan Saciid Cabdisalaan, Islaan Maxamed iyo Garaad Jaamac ,sababta loo sameeyay maamulkaan wuxuu ahaa si loo badbaadiyo shacabka woqooyiga. Maamulka puntland aad ayuu uuga duwanyahay maamulka kale ee [[SSC-Khatumo]]. Puntland ma raadinooso kala goynta dalka somalia, dadkaan waa dad wadaniyiin ah . shacabka puntland run ahaantii waa dad markasto raadiyo isku keenta shacabka soomaaliyeed. Puntland waxee leedahay maamul xukumo iyo barlamaan u gooni ah iyo wasiiro maamulo shacab woqooyiga. ===Hormuudka=== Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay ee puntland woxoo ahaa Cabdullahi Yuusuf, waxaa ku xigay Maxamed Abdi Xaashi waxaa ku xigay Cade Muuse waxaa ku sii xigay Cabdiraxmaan Maxamuud faroole, Hadana waxaa xilka hayya Cabdiwali Maxamed Cali. == caasimada puntland == Garoowe waa caasimadda Dawladda puntland ee somaliyeed, Garoowe ayaa waxay soo martay maraxalado kala gedisan. Haatanna waxay maraysaa heer keedii ugu sarreeyay. Magaalada Ayaa xarun u ah haayado dowliya iyo kuwa aan dowli ahayn,qunsuliyado,ururo maxali ah , kuwa NGO ah,radio stations,TV IWM. Garowe waxaa ku yaal Meelo aad iyo aad u qurxoon suuqaaq iyo bacadlayaal aad iyo aad u camiran Jawiga ayaa had iyo goorba ah mid aan qaboow saa'ida iyo kulayl saa'idana aan lahayn qorraxda ayaa inta badan waxaa ku dahaaran cadar iyo daruuro. ===Qarnigii 21ka=== Ka dib markii wadatashiyo badan ay yeesheen isimada, siyaasiyiinta, aqoonyahanka, ganacsatada, iyo qaybaha kala duwan ee bulshada ku nool goboladan, ayaa waxaa la go'aansaday in magaalada Garoowe lagu qabto shir loo wada dhan yahay kaasoo ujeedadiisu ay ahayd in la dhiso maamul dowlad goboleed. Islamarkaas waxaas ku soo biiray Gobolada Sanaag iyo Sool oo kula bahoobay Maamulaka cusub Goboladii laysku oran jiray Waqooyi Bari. Shirkaas waxaa ka soo baxay bartamihii 1998, Dowlad Goboleedka Puntland, taasoo leh sadexda awoodood oo kala ah, Golaha Wakiilada oo dhan 66 Xilibaan oo lab iyo dhedigba leh, Garsoorka , iyo Golaha Xukuumada oo leh Madaxwayne iyo madaxwayne ku-xigeen. == Dhismihii== ===maamulka=== Sida uu qeexayo Xeerka 1aad,. ee axdiga ku meel-gaarka ah ee lagu dhisay Puntland. ===Hubinta=== '''Hubinta iyo controlka daawada''' Waxaa wasaarada u suurto gashey in la helo labo mashiin oo ah kuwa lagu baarey tayada daawada oo la dhigay Magaalada [[Bosaso]] (Dekada) iyo [[Garowe]]. Waxaa ay wasaaradu magacowday gudi dib u eega nidaamyada ilaalinta kontoroolka daawada. Waxa socda dib u eegista iyo hirgelinta sharciga caafimaadka ,Waxa hirgeshey in la mamnuuco ka ganacsashada daawada qaaxada ee goobaha ganacsiga ah. [[File:R.publication Somali language.jpg|thumb|380px|Daabacadaha [[Af Soomaali|Af-Soomaaliga]]<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/ Buugag iyo Qormo Dhigashada…]</ref>]] ==Bulshada== ===Hirgalinta=== '''hirgalinta Siyaasadda (ISKA WAX U QABSO)''' Waxa wasaaraddu si fiican ugu wacyi gelisey bulshada reer Puntland ka qeyb qaadashada caafimaadka guud Waxa ay wasaaraddu ka shaqeysay isku xirka Jaaliyada dibada ee reer Puntland si ay gacan fiican uga geystaan caafimaa ===Calanka=== Calanka Puntland midabadeeda waa [[ciraad]], cagaar iyo cadaan. Calanka Puntland waxay uu eegtahay calanka Uzbekistan iyo calanka Lesotho. == Kaabayaasha (infrastructure) == Miisaaniyadaha Degmooyinka. Markii u horaysay Wasaaradda Arrimaha Guduhu waxay ku guuleysatay inay Miisaaniyado u samayso qaar ka mid ah Degmooyinka Puntland walow aan Degmooyinka oo dhan loo samayn hadana waxaa loo sameeyey 9 Degmo o ka tirsan Degmooyinka Miisaaniyadaas oo isu dheeli tiraysa Dakhli & Khara. Waxayna ka kooban tahay Saadaasha/ Odorosida Dakhliga soo gelaya Degmooyinka ee la filayo & Kharashka ku baxaya hawlaha Degmadda taas oo sahashay in D/hoose lagula xisaabtamo Dakhliga soo galay & sida ay u kharash gareeyeen , Miisaaniyadda Degmooyinku waxay ka mid noqonayaan Dakhliga Guud ee Dowladda dhexe (GDP). ===Goobaha=== '''Liiska Degmooyinka loo sameeyey Miisaaniyadaha & Qiyaasta Kharash & Dakhli ee Degmooyinkaas''' # [[Garoowe]] 21,031,284,000 # [[Boosaaso]] 39,878,352,000 # [[Gaalkacayo]] 27,000,000,000 # [[Qardho]] 7,012,671,000 # [[Carmo]] 5,615,040,000 # [[Buurtinle]] 1,224,000,000 # [[Dangorayo]] 3,729,408,000 # [[Xarfo]] 2,400,000,000 # [[Waaciye]] 4,774,584,000 # Ufeyn 5,800,600,000 Degmadda Wadarta Guud ee Miisaaniyadda Sh.so/ ===Caafimaadka Puntland=== Waxaa si joogta u shaqeynaya oo adeegyada caafimaadka joogta bixiyey 86 xarumaha hooyada iyo dhalaan, 8 Isbitaal heer gobol, 9 Isbitaal 7 xarumaha qaaxada, 5 xarumaha barista iyo la talinta cudurka Ej-Ay-Fii Aydhiska, 10 xarun oo caafimaad dhimirka, 6 xarun quudinta nafaqda iyo 212 Baro caafimaad. Xarumahaas caafimaadka waxa ay dhamaantood ku kala yaalan dhamaan degaanada Puntland heer gobol ilaa tuulo. Guud ahaan xaalada caafimaad ee dalka waa mid degan waxaana si dhameystiran loo xakameeyey cuduraddii dilaacey 3 bilood ee la soo dhaafey Dalgaalkii galmudug ka dacay waa la gu laayey puntland markaasna puntland way jabtey. ===Kor u qaadista=== '''Kor u qaadista wadashaqeynta hayadaha''' Waxa la sameeyey nidaam wadashaqeyn hayadaha ka shaqeeya caafimaadka Puntland si wax ku ool u noqdaan mashaaricda ay nagalaa shaqeeyan Hayadaha caalamiga ah. * [[Soomaali luqadda dhegoolaha]] ==Tixraacyo== [https://en.populationdata.net/rankings/population/ "Darajooyinka - Wadamada iyo Dhulka Adduunka • PopulationData.net"] {{Wayback|url=https://en.populationdata.net/rankings/population/ |date=20210629181040 }} [https://www.dw.com/en/somalia-puntland-pulls-recognition-of-federal-government/a-68709757 "Soomaaliya: Puntland oo la baxday aqoonsiga dowladda federaalka – DW – 03/31/2024"] [https://www.tvcnews.tv/somalia-puntland-refuses-to-recognise-fg-after-disputed-constitutional-changes/ "Soomaaliya: Puntland way diiday inay aqoonsato DFS ka dib markii la isku khilaafay dastuurka] [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-04-01/puntland-to-operate-independently-from-somalia-after-law-change "Puntland waa in ay si madax banaan uga shaqeyso Soomaaliya ka dib markii sharciga la bedelo"] [https://www.jurist.org/news/2024/04/somalia-state-of-puntland-rejects-constitutional-amendments-and-withdraws-from-federal-government/ “Maamulka Soomaaliya ee Puntland waxa uu diiday in wax laga bedelo dastuurka, kana baxay dowladda federaalka”] [http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Puntland_s_Experience_in_Peace-building_and_State-building.shtml : Waaya aragnimada Puntland ee Nabadaynta iyo Dawlad-dhisidda] {{Wayback|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Puntland_s_Experience_in_Peace-building_and_State-building.shtml |date=20131017121333 }} [https://books.google.com/books?id=mUIdWpwofCcC&pg=PA102 Buug-gacmeedka Sharciga Ganacsiga Soomaaliya: Macluumaadka Istaraatiijiga ah iyo Sharciyada] [https://web.archive.org/web/20121120100415/http://www.rangeresources.com.au/fileadmin/user_upload/research_Reports/gecr_29Nov07_RangeResources_mainnote.pdf "Rage Resources: Speculative Buy at 25.5p - Qiimaha bartilmaameedka 56p"] 20kii Noofambar 2012. La soo celiyay 19 Abriil 2019.Maamul-goboleedka Soomaaliyeed ee Puntland waxa uu isu haystaa in uu yahay mid madaxbannaan tan iyo 1998-kii, iyada oo caasimad u ah Garoowe, waxana uu magacaabay gobollo leh caasimad goboleedyo la aqoonsan yahay. Maamulka Putland ee uu madaxda ka yahay Madaxweyne Cadde Muuse Xirsi ayaa ah kuwo aan si hoose u muuqan, mana raadiyaan in ay ka madax banaanaadaan dowladda KMG ah ee Soomaaliya (Muqdisho waa caasimad). Maamulka Puntland ayaa soo shaac baxay ka dib markii la riday Madaxweyne Siyaad Barre 1991. Koonfurta Soomaaliya, maxkamado Islaami ah, qabqablayaal dagaal iyo qabaa'il gobolleed ayaa isku haya awoodda iyo xukunka iyadoo Puntland ay dareemayso xasillooni siyaasadeed iyadoo hal beel oo ka tirsan Puntland ay hadda maamusho gobolka. hab-siyaasadeed ku jihaysan [https://books.google.com/books?id=l2QwAQAAIAAJ&q=puntland+harti Axdigii 1998 ee Puntland ee Soomaaliya] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120728101945/http://www.ameinfo.com/116856.html "RAK iyo Puntland oo kala saxiixday heshiisyo lagu xoojinayo iskaashiga labada dhinac | Dowladda Ras Al Khaimah"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150418222759/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/08/somaliapuntland-to-establish-new-seaports-as-part-of-the-boost-puntland-economy-campaign/ "Soomaaliya: Puntland waxay samaynaysaa dekedo cusub oo qayb ka ah ololaha "Kobcinta dhaqaalaha Puntland"] [http://www.dxing.info/news/2013_04.dx "Idaacadda Puntland ee Soomaaliya oo tijaabisay 13800 kHz mowjadaha gaaban"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150321103106/http://somali-media.so/media-directory/radio/ "Khariidadda Warbaahinta Soomaaliyeed – Xarumaha Idaacadaha"] [https://www.datanyze.com/companies/puntland-post/353771459 "Puntland Post Company Profile | Liiska Maamulka iyo Shaqaalaha"] [https://www.datanyze.com/companies/puntland-post/353771459 "Puntland Post Company Profile | Liiska Maamulka iyo Shaqaalaha"] [https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-38621292 "Horyaalka koobaad ee Puntland oo wareegii labaad galay"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [http://mopicplgov.net/ Wasaaradda Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah ee Puntland] {{Wayback|url=http://mopicplgov.net/ |date=20131015053122 }} ayaa 15 October 2013 [http://pl.statistics.so/the-somali-health-demographic-survey-2020/#:~:text=01%20May%20The%20Somali%20Health%20%26%20Demographic%20Survey%202020&text=The%20Somali%20Health%20and%20Demographic,urban%2C%20rural%20and%20nomadic%20households. Waaxda Tirakoobka Puntland] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210629001940/http://pl.statistics.so/the-somali-health-demographic-survey-2020/ waxaa lagu kaydiyay] 29 June 2021 [https://www.polgeonow.com/2021/02/somalia-control-map-2021.html?m=1 Khariidadda Xakamaynta Soomaaliya] rfbg6bi59vxk6f6lvnt2bszixxa1cby Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo 0 2508 301056 294966 2026-07-07T23:15:25Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 301056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo |native_name = {{native name|fr|République démocratique du Congo|fontsize=68%}} |common_name = the Democratic Republic of the Congo |image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg |image_coat = |symbol_type = Coat of arms |image_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo (orthographic projection).svg |national_motto = {{native phrase|fr|"Justice – Paix – Travail"|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br />{{small|"Cadaalad – Nabad – Shaqo"}} |national_anthem = {{native name|fr|[[Debout Congolais]]|nolink=on}}<br />{{small|''Arise, Congolese''}} |official_languages = [[Faransiis|Af-Faransiis]] |national_languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Sawaaxili]]}} |demonym = Congolese |ethnic_groups = |capital = [[Kinshasa]] |latd=4 |latm=19 |latNS=S |longd=15 |longm=19 |longEW=E |largest_city = capital |government_type = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |legislature = |upper_house = |lower_house = |sovereignty_type = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area_km2 = 2,345,409 |area_sq_mi = 905,355 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |area_rank = 11th |area_magnitude = 1 E+12 |percent_water = 4.3 |population_estimate = 91,203,303<ref name="cia.gov">{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |title=Congo, Democratic Republic of the |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia |year=2015 |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html |accessdate=5 October 2011 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=24 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211118/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |population_estimate_year = 2017 |population_estimate_rank = 19th |population_density_km2 = 29.3 |population_density_sq_mi = 75.9 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 182nd |GDP_PPP_year = 2012 |GDP_PPP = $27.575 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=45&pr.y=0&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=636&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=17 April 2013}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $368<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2012 |GDP_nominal = $17.703 billion<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $236<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = 2006 |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = 44.4 |Gini_ref = <ref name=gini>{{cite web|title=GINI index|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?page=1|publisher=World Bank|accessdate=30 July 2013}}</ref> |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.304 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref =<ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/mediaHDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2011 |year=2013 |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=14 March 2011}}{{dead link|date=January 2014}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 186th<sup>a</sup>&nbsp; |currency = [[Congolese franc]] |currency_code = CDF |time_zone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] and [[Central Africa Time|CAT]] |utc_offset = {{nowrap|+1 to +2}} |time_zone_DST = {{nowrap|not observed}} |utc_offset_DST = {{nowrap|+1 to +2}} |drives_on = right |calling_code = [[+243]] |iso3166code = CD |cctld = [[.cd]] |footnote_a = }} '''Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo''' ({{lang-fr|link=no|République démocratique du Congo}}) waa wadan ku yaala qaarada [[Afrika]]. Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo waxey xuduud la wadaagtaa wadamada [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]], [[Koonfur Suudaan]], [[Yugandha]], [[Ruwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Saambiya]], [[Angola]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] iyo [[Tansaaniya]]. Caasimada dalka Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo waa magaalada [[Kinshasa]]. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Congo (Faransiiska: République démocratique du Congo [kɔɡo], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano DR Congo, DRC, Congo-Kinshasa ama kaliya Congo, [6] [7] waa waddan ku yaal Bartamaha Afrika. Waxaa mararka qaar loogu yeeraa magacii hore ee Zaire, oo magaceedu ahaa magaca rasmiga ah ee u dhexeeya 1971 iyo 1997. DRC waxay xuduudaha Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika iyo Koonfurta Suudaan u gudbaan waqooyiga; Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi iyo Tansaaniya xagga bari; Zambia koonfurta; Angola ilaa koonfur galbeed; iyo Jamhuuriyada Congo iyo Badweynta Atlantic ee galbeedka. Waa waddanka labaad ee ugu weyn Afrika ka dib markii Aljeeriya, oo ah kan ugu weyn Afrika ee ka hooseeya Saharaha) iyo 11-aad ee adduunka ugu weyn. Dadweynaha ku nool 78 milyan, [2] Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Kongo waa dalka ugu baahsan ee Faransiiska ah, oo ah waddanka afaraad ee ugu badan ee ku yaal Afrika iyo dalka 16-aad ee ugu badan dunida. Dhul-galka Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah, dhulka DRC waxaa markii ugu horreysay ku noolaa Bartamaha Afrika oo ku noolaa 90,000 oo sano kahor waxaana gaadhay Bantu ballaadhinta ilaa 3,000 oo sano ka hor. Galbeedka, Boqortooyada Bantu ee Kongo ayaa xukuntay hareeraha webiga Congo intii u dhexaysay qarniyadii 14aad iyo 19aad. Bartamaha iyo bariga, boqortooyooyinka Luba iyo Lunda waxay ka talaabeen qarniyadii 16aad iyo 17aad ilaa qarnigii 19aad. 1870naadkii, ka hor intaanay bilaabmin tarbuunka Afrika, sahaminta Yurub ee Congo Basin ayaa la sameeyay, markii ugu horreysay oo ay hogaaminaysay Henry Morton Stanley iyada oo hoosta ka xariiqday King Leopold II ee Belgium. Leopold waxay si rasmi ah u heshay xuquuqda dhulkii Congo ee shirkii Berlin ee 1885-kii, dhulkana waxay ka dhigeen hanti gaar ah oo magaceeda loo yaqaan 'Congo Free State'. Inta lagu guda jiro Free State, qaybta milatari ee ciidan, Force Publique, waxay ku qasbeen dadweynaha in ay soo saaraan xargaha, iyo laga bilaabo 1885 illaa 1908, malaayiin qof oo reer Congo ah ayaa ku dhintay iyada oo ay sabab u tahay cudurka iyo dhiig-miirashada. Sannadkii 1908, Belgium, inkastoo markii hore loo diidey, ayaa si rasmi ah u dalbaday Dawlad-bilaash ah, taasoo noqotay waddanka Kongo Beljamka. Congo-Belgian waxay xorowday 30kii Juun 1960 iyada oo lagu magacaabo Jamhuuriyadda Congo. Patrice Lumumba oo loo yaqaan 'Congolese Nationalist' ayaa loo doortay Raisul Wasaarihii ugu horeeyay, halka Joseph Kasa-Vubu uu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay. Iskahorimaadka ayaa ka kacay maamulka maamulka, taas oo loo yaqaano dhibaatada Congo. Gobollada Katanga, oo hoos yimaada Moïse Tshombe, iyo Koonfurta Kacaanka ayaa isku dayay in ay go'doomaan. Ka dib markii Lumumba u jeestay Midawga Soofiyeeti ee gargaarka bini-aadamnimada, Maraykanka iyo Beljamku wuxuu ka war hayay kiiskiisa oo kormeeray isaga oo kashaqeynayay Kasa-Vubu 5tii Sebtembar iyo dilkii ugu dambeeyay ee ciidamada Belgian led-ka Katangese 17kii Janaayo 1961. 25kii Nofeembar 1965 , Taliyaha Ciidanka Xoogga ee Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, oo markii dambe magaciisa loo yaqaan Mobutu Sese Seko, ayaa si rasmi ah ugu biiray awood darbi ah. Sanadkii 1971, wuxuu ku magacaabay dalka Zaire. Wadanku wuxuu u ordayaa dowlad kali ah oo kali ah, iyada oo uu OMad yahay. ==Sawiro== [[File:Kananga_Vue_aérienne.jpg|thumb|right|398px|]] [[File:Stade_des_martyrs_0332_Kinshasa_(8756673901).jpg|thumb|right|398px|]] [[File:Okapi2.jpg|thumb|right|198px|]] ==Xubin== *[[Midowga Afrika]];*’;*’ *[[Bankiga Aduunka]];*’*’ *[[Qaramada Midoobay]] *[[Hayada Cuntada Aduunka]];*’ *[[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]];*’ ==Waddnamha Le deggan Dimuqaraadiga Kongo== * {{Flag|Ethiopia}} 200+: * {{Flag|China}} P.R.China; 100+: * {{Flag|South Africa}} 500+: == Tixraacyada == * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/2004-Yearbook-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses/Democratic-Republic-of-Congo-Kinshasa/ Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa)] {{Commons|République Démocratique du Congo}} <references/> {{Gumud}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kongo}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Dawladdaha Afrika]] cj8qm9gjef0omb2x298ggbi55lnq90a 301057 301056 2026-07-07T23:19:23Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 301057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo |native_name = {{native name|fr|République démocratique du Congo|fontsize=68%}} |common_name = the Democratic Republic of the Congo |image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg |image_coat = |symbol_type = Coat of arms |image_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo (orthographic projection).svg |national_motto = {{native phrase|fr|"Justice – Paix – Travail"|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br />{{small|"Cadaalad – Nabad – Shaqo"}} |national_anthem = {{native name|fr|[[Debout Congolais]]|nolink=on}}<br />{{small|''Arise, Congolese''}} |official_languages = [[Faransiis|Af-Faransiis]] |national_languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Sawaaxili]]}} |demonym = Congolese |ethnic_groups = |capital = [[Kinshasa]] |latd=4 |latm=19 |latNS=S |longd=15 |longm=19 |longEW=E |largest_city = capital |government_type = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |legislature = |upper_house = |lower_house = |sovereignty_type = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area_km2 = 2,345,409 |area_sq_mi = 905,355 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |area_rank = 11th |area_magnitude = 1 E+12 |percent_water = 4.3 |population_estimate = 91,203,303<ref name="cia.gov">{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |title=Congo, Democratic Republic of the |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia |year=2015 |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html |accessdate=5 October 2011 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=24 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211118/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |population_estimate_year = 2017 |population_estimate_rank = 19th |population_density_km2 = 29.3 |population_density_sq_mi = 75.9 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 182nd |GDP_PPP_year = 2012 |GDP_PPP = $27.575 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=45&pr.y=0&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=636&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=17 April 2013}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $368<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2012 |GDP_nominal = $17.703 billion<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $236<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = 2006 |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = 44.4 |Gini_ref = <ref name=gini>{{cite web|title=GINI index|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?page=1|publisher=World Bank|accessdate=30 July 2013}}</ref> |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.304 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref =<ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/mediaHDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2011 |year=2013 |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=14 March 2011}}{{dead link|date=January 2014}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 186th<sup>a</sup>&nbsp; |currency = [[Congolese franc]] |currency_code = CDF |time_zone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] and [[Central Africa Time|CAT]] |utc_offset = {{nowrap|+1 to +2}} |time_zone_DST = {{nowrap|not observed}} |utc_offset_DST = {{nowrap|+1 to +2}} |drives_on = right |calling_code = [[+243]] |iso3166code = CD |cctld = [[.cd]] |footnote_a = }} '''Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo''' ({{lang-fr|link=no|République démocratique du Congo}}) waa wadan ku yaala qaarada [[Afrika]]. Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo waxey xuduud la wadaagtaa wadamada [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]], [[Koonfur Suudaan]], [[Yugandha]], [[Ruwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Saambiya]], [[Angola]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] iyo [[Tansaaniya]]. Caasimada dalka Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo waa magaalada [[Kinshasa]]. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Congo (Faransiiska: République démocratique du Congo [kɔɡo], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano DR Congo, DRC, Congo-Kinshasa ama kaliya Congo, [6] [7] waa waddan ku yaal Bartamaha Afrika. Waxaa mararka qaar loogu yeeraa magacii hore ee Zaire, oo magaceedu ahaa magaca rasmiga ah ee u dhexeeya 1971 iyo 1997. DRC waxay xuduudaha Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika iyo Koonfurta Suudaan u gudbaan waqooyiga; Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi iyo Tansaaniya xagga bari; Zambia koonfurta; Angola ilaa koonfur galbeed; iyo Jamhuuriyada Congo iyo Badweynta Atlantic ee galbeedka. Waa waddanka labaad ee ugu weyn Afrika ka dib markii Aljeeriya, oo ah kan ugu weyn Afrika ee ka hooseeya Saharaha) iyo 11-aad ee adduunka ugu weyn. Dadweynaha ku nool 78 milyan, [2] Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Kongo waa dalka ugu baahsan ee Faransiiska ah, oo ah waddanka afaraad ee ugu badan ee ku yaal Afrika iyo dalka 16-aad ee ugu badan dunida. Dhul-galka Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah, dhulka DRC waxaa markii ugu horreysay ku noolaa Bartamaha Afrika oo ku noolaa 90,000 oo sano kahor waxaana gaadhay Bantu ballaadhinta ilaa 3,000 oo sano ka hor. Galbeedka, Boqortooyada Bantu ee Kongo ayaa xukuntay hareeraha webiga Congo intii u dhexaysay qarniyadii 14aad iyo 19aad. Bartamaha iyo bariga, boqortooyooyinka Luba iyo Lunda waxay ka talaabeen qarniyadii 16aad iyo 17aad ilaa qarnigii 19aad. 1870-kii, ka hor intaanay bilaabmin tarbuunka Afrika, sahaminta Yurub ee Congo Basin ayaa la sameeyay, markii ugu horreysay oo ay hogaaminaysay Henry Morton Stanley iyada oo hoosta ka xariiqday King Leopold II ee Belgium. Leopold waxay si rasmi ah u heshay xuquuqda dhulkii Congo ee shirkii Berlin ee 1885-kii, dhulkana waxay ka dhigeen hanti gaar ah oo magaceeda loo yaqaan 'Congo Free State'. Inta lagu guda jiro Free State, qaybta milatari ee ciidan, Force Publique, waxay ku qasbeen dadweynaha in ay soo saaraan xargaha, iyo laga bilaabo 1885 illaa 1908, malaayiin qof oo reer Congo ah ayaa ku dhintay iyada oo ay sabab u tahay cudurka iyo dhiig-miirashada. Sannadkii 1908, Belgium, inkastoo markii hore loo diidey, ayaa si rasmi ah u dalbaday Dawlad-bilaash ah, taasoo noqotay waddanka Kongo Beljamka. Congo-Belgian waxay xorowday 30kii Juun 1960 iyada oo lagu magacaabo Jamhuuriyadda Congo. Patrice Lumumba oo loo yaqaan 'Congolese Nationalist' ayaa loo doortay Raisul Wasaarihii ugu horeeyay, halka Joseph Kasa-Vubu uu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay. Iskahorimaadka ayaa ka kacay maamulka maamulka, taas oo loo yaqaano dhibaatada Congo. Gobollada Katanga, oo hoos yimaada Moïse Tshombe, iyo Koonfurta Kacaanka ayaa isku dayay in ay go'doomaan. Ka dib markii Lumumba u jeestay Midawga Soofiyeeti ee gargaarka bini-aadamnimada, Maraykanka iyo Beljamku wuxuu ka war hayay kiiskiisa oo kormeeray isaga oo kashaqeynayay Kasa-Vubu 5tii Sebtembar iyo dilkii ugu dambeeyay ee ciidamada Belgian led-ka Katangese 17kii Janaayo 1961. 25kii Nofeembar 1965 , Taliyaha Ciidanka Xoogga ee Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, oo markii dambe magaciisa loo yaqaan Mobutu Sese Seko, ayaa si rasmi ah ugu biiray awood darbi ah. Sanadkii 1971, wuxuu ku magacaabay dalka Zaire. Wadanku wuxuu u ordayaa dowlad kali ah oo kali ah, iyada oo uu OMad yahay. ==Sawiro== [[File:Kananga_Vue_aérienne.jpg|thumb|right|398px|]] [[File:Stade_des_martyrs_0332_Kinshasa_(8756673901).jpg|thumb|right|398px|]] [[File:Okapi2.jpg|thumb|right|198px|]] ==Xubin== *[[Midowga Afrika]];*’;*’ *[[Bankiga Aduunka]];*’*’ *[[Qaramada Midoobay]] *[[Hayada Cuntada Aduunka]];*’ *[[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]];*’ ==Waddnamha Le deggan Dimuqaraadiga Kongo== * {{Flag|Ethiopia}} 200+: * {{Flag|China}} P.R.China; 100+: * {{Flag|South Africa}} 500+: == Tixraacyada == * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/2004-Yearbook-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses/Democratic-Republic-of-Congo-Kinshasa/ Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa)] {{Commons|République Démocratique du Congo}} <references/> {{Gumud}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kongo}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Dawladdaha Afrika]] fz6dr2f7fix1ylp19m14a2k6ft8uupw 301058 301057 2026-07-07T23:21:37Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 301058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo |native_name = {{native name|fr|République démocratique du Congo|fontsize=68%}} |common_name = the Democratic Republic of the Congo |image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg |image_coat = |symbol_type = Coat of arms |image_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo (orthographic projection).svg |national_motto = {{native phrase|fr|"Justice – Paix – Travail"|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br />{{small|"Cadaalad – Nabad – Shaqo"}} |national_anthem = {{native name|fr|[[Debout Congolais]]|nolink=on}}<br />{{small|''Is-waafajin , Kongoliiynta''}} |official_languages = [[Faransiis|Af-Faransiis]] |national_languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Sawaaxili]]}} |demonym = Congolese |ethnic_groups = |capital = [[Kinshasa]] |latd=4 |latm=19 |latNS=S |longd=15 |longm=19 |longEW=E |largest_city = capital |government_type = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |legislature = |upper_house = |lower_house = |sovereignty_type = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area_km2 = 2,345,409 |area_sq_mi = 905,355 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |area_rank = 11th |area_magnitude = 1 E+12 |percent_water = 4.3 |population_estimate = 91,203,303<ref name="cia.gov">{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |title=Congo, Democratic Republic of the |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia |year=2015 |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html |accessdate=5 October 2011 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=24 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211118/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |population_estimate_year = 2017 |population_estimate_rank = 19th |population_density_km2 = 29.3 |population_density_sq_mi = 75.9 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 182nd |GDP_PPP_year = 2012 |GDP_PPP = $27.575 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=45&pr.y=0&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=636&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=17 April 2013}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $368<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2012 |GDP_nominal = $17.703 billion<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $236<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = 2006 |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = 44.4 |Gini_ref = <ref name=gini>{{cite web|title=GINI index|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?page=1|publisher=World Bank|accessdate=30 July 2013}}</ref> |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.304 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref =<ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/mediaHDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2011 |year=2013 |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=14 March 2011}}{{dead link|date=January 2014}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 186th<sup>a</sup>&nbsp; |currency = [[Congolese franc]] |currency_code = CDF |time_zone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] and [[Central Africa Time|CAT]] |utc_offset = {{nowrap|+1 to +2}} |time_zone_DST = {{nowrap|not observed}} |utc_offset_DST = {{nowrap|+1 to +2}} |drives_on = right |calling_code = [[+243]] |iso3166code = CD |cctld = [[.cd]] |footnote_a = }} '''Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo''' ({{lang-fr|link=no|République démocratique du Congo}}) waa wadan ku yaala qaarada [[Afrika]]. Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo waxey xuduud la wadaagtaa wadamada [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]], [[Koonfur Suudaan]], [[Yugandha]], [[Ruwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Saambiya]], [[Angola]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] iyo [[Tansaaniya]]. Caasimada dalka Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo waa magaalada [[Kinshasa]]. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Congo (Faransiiska: République démocratique du Congo [kɔɡo], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano DR Congo, DRC, Congo-Kinshasa ama kaliya Congo, [6] [7] waa waddan ku yaal Bartamaha Afrika. Waxaa mararka qaar loogu yeeraa magacii hore ee Zaire, oo magaceedu ahaa magaca rasmiga ah ee u dhexeeya 1971 iyo 1997. DRC waxay xuduudaha Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika iyo Koonfurta Suudaan u gudbaan waqooyiga; Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi iyo Tansaaniya xagga bari; Zambia koonfurta; Angola ilaa koonfur galbeed; iyo Jamhuuriyada Congo iyo Badweynta Atlantic ee galbeedka. Waa waddanka labaad ee ugu weyn Afrika ka dib markii Aljeeriya, oo ah kan ugu weyn Afrika ee ka hooseeya Saharaha) iyo 11-aad ee adduunka ugu weyn. Dadweynaha ku nool 78 milyan, [2] Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Kongo waa dalka ugu baahsan ee Faransiiska ah, oo ah waddanka afaraad ee ugu badan ee ku yaal Afrika iyo dalka 16-aad ee ugu badan dunida. Dhul-galka Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah, dhulka DRC waxaa markii ugu horreysay ku noolaa Bartamaha Afrika oo ku noolaa 90,000 oo sano kahor waxaana gaadhay Bantu ballaadhinta ilaa 3,000 oo sano ka hor. Galbeedka, Boqortooyada Bantu ee Kongo ayaa xukuntay hareeraha webiga Congo intii u dhexaysay qarniyadii 14aad iyo 19aad. Bartamaha iyo bariga, boqortooyooyinka Luba iyo Lunda waxay ka talaabeen qarniyadii 16aad iyo 17aad ilaa qarnigii 19aad. 1870-kii, ka hor intaanay bilaabmin tarbuunka Afrika, sahaminta Yurub ee Congo Basin ayaa la sameeyay, markii ugu horreysay oo ay hogaaminaysay Henry Morton Stanley iyada oo hoosta ka xariiqday King Leopold II ee Belgium. Leopold waxay si rasmi ah u heshay xuquuqda dhulkii Congo ee shirkii Berlin ee 1885-kii, dhulkana waxay ka dhigeen hanti gaar ah oo magaceeda loo yaqaan 'Congo Free State'. Inta lagu guda jiro Free State, qaybta milatari ee ciidan, Force Publique, waxay ku qasbeen dadweynaha in ay soo saaraan xargaha, iyo laga bilaabo 1885 illaa 1908, malaayiin qof oo reer Congo ah ayaa ku dhintay iyada oo ay sabab u tahay cudurka iyo dhiig-miirashada. Sannadkii 1908, Belgium, inkastoo markii hore loo diidey, ayaa si rasmi ah u dalbaday Dawlad-bilaash ah, taasoo noqotay waddanka Kongo Beljamka. Congo-Belgian waxay xorowday 30kii Juun 1960 iyada oo lagu magacaabo Jamhuuriyadda Congo. Patrice Lumumba oo loo yaqaan 'Congolese Nationalist' ayaa loo doortay Raisul Wasaarihii ugu horeeyay, halka Joseph Kasa-Vubu uu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay. Iskahorimaadka ayaa ka kacay maamulka maamulka, taas oo loo yaqaano dhibaatada Congo. Gobollada Katanga, oo hoos yimaada Moïse Tshombe, iyo Koonfurta Kacaanka ayaa isku dayay in ay go'doomaan. Ka dib markii Lumumba u jeestay Midawga Soofiyeeti ee gargaarka bini-aadamnimada, Maraykanka iyo Beljamku wuxuu ka war hayay kiiskiisa oo kormeeray isaga oo kashaqeynayay Kasa-Vubu 5tii Sebtembar iyo dilkii ugu dambeeyay ee ciidamada Belgian led-ka Katangese 17kii Janaayo 1961. 25kii Nofeembar 1965 , Taliyaha Ciidanka Xoogga ee Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, oo markii dambe magaciisa loo yaqaan Mobutu Sese Seko, ayaa si rasmi ah ugu biiray awood darbi ah. Sanadkii 1971, wuxuu ku magacaabay dalka Zaire. Wadanku wuxuu u ordayaa dowlad kali ah oo kali ah, iyada oo uu OMad yahay. ==Sawiro== [[File:Kananga_Vue_aérienne.jpg|thumb|right|398px|]] [[File:Stade_des_martyrs_0332_Kinshasa_(8756673901).jpg|thumb|right|398px|]] [[File:Okapi2.jpg|thumb|right|198px|]] ==Xubin== *[[Midowga Afrika]];*’;*’ *[[Bankiga Aduunka]];*’*’ *[[Qaramada Midoobay]] *[[Hayada Cuntada Aduunka]];*’ *[[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]];*’ ==Waddnamha Le deggan Dimuqaraadiga Kongo== * {{Flag|Ethiopia}} 200+: * {{Flag|China}} P.R.China; 100+: * {{Flag|South Africa}} 500+: == Tixraacyada == * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/2004-Yearbook-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses/Democratic-Republic-of-Congo-Kinshasa/ Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa)] {{Commons|République Démocratique du Congo}} <references/> {{Gumud}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kongo}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Dawladdaha Afrika]] 4m8ztp3xu5svsk0fknj28qo45yfbcs6 301059 301058 2026-07-07T23:23:45Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 301059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo |native_name = {{native name|fr|République démocratique du Congo|fontsize=68%}} |common_name = the Democratic Republic of the Congo |image_flag = Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg |image_coat = |symbol_type = Coat of arms |image_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo (orthographic projection).svg |national_motto = {{native phrase|fr|"Justice – Paix – Travail"|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br />{{small|"Cadaalad – Nabad – Shaqo"}} |national_anthem = {{native name|fr|[[Debout Congolais]]|nolink=on}}<br />{{small|''Is-waafajin , Kongoliiynta''}} |official_languages = [[Faransiis|Af-Faransiis]] |national_languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Sawaaxili]]}} |demonym = Kongoliiynta |ethnic_groups = |capital = [[Kinshasa]] |latd=4 |latm=19 |latNS=S |longd=15 |longm=19 |longEW=E |largest_city = capital |government_type = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |legislature = |upper_house = |lower_house = |sovereignty_type = |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area_km2 = 2,345,409 |area_sq_mi = 905,355 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |area_rank = 11th |area_magnitude = 1 E+12 |percent_water = 4.3 |population_estimate = 91,203,303<ref name="cia.gov">{{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |title=Congo, Democratic Republic of the |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia |year=2015 |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html |accessdate=5 October 2011 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=24 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211118/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |population_estimate_year = 2017 |population_estimate_rank = 19th |population_density_km2 = 29.3 |population_density_sq_mi = 75.9 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 182nd |GDP_PPP_year = 2012 |GDP_PPP = $27.575 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=45&pr.y=0&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=636&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=17 April 2013}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $368<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2012 |GDP_nominal = $17.703 billion<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $236<ref name=imf2/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = 2006 |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = 44.4 |Gini_ref = <ref name=gini>{{cite web|title=GINI index|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?page=1|publisher=World Bank|accessdate=30 July 2013}}</ref> |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.304 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref =<ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/mediaHDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2011 |year=2013 |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=14 March 2011}}{{dead link|date=January 2014}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 186th<sup>a</sup>&nbsp; |currency = [[Congolese franc]] |currency_code = CDF |time_zone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] and [[Central Africa Time|CAT]] |utc_offset = {{nowrap|+1 to +2}} |time_zone_DST = {{nowrap|not observed}} |utc_offset_DST = {{nowrap|+1 to +2}} |drives_on = right |calling_code = [[+243]] |iso3166code = CD |cctld = [[.cd]] |footnote_a = }} '''Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo''' ({{lang-fr|link=no|République démocratique du Congo}}) waa wadan ku yaala qaarada [[Afrika]]. Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo waxey xuduud la wadaagtaa wadamada [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]], [[Koonfur Suudaan]], [[Yugandha]], [[Ruwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Saambiya]], [[Angola]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] iyo [[Tansaaniya]]. Caasimada dalka Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo waa magaalada [[Kinshasa]]. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Congo (Faransiiska: République démocratique du Congo [kɔɡo], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano DR Congo, DRC, Congo-Kinshasa ama kaliya Congo, [6] [7] waa waddan ku yaal Bartamaha Afrika. Waxaa mararka qaar loogu yeeraa magacii hore ee Zaire, oo magaceedu ahaa magaca rasmiga ah ee u dhexeeya 1971 iyo 1997. DRC waxay xuduudaha Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika iyo Koonfurta Suudaan u gudbaan waqooyiga; Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi iyo Tansaaniya xagga bari; Zambia koonfurta; Angola ilaa koonfur galbeed; iyo Jamhuuriyada Congo iyo Badweynta Atlantic ee galbeedka. Waa waddanka labaad ee ugu weyn Afrika ka dib markii Aljeeriya, oo ah kan ugu weyn Afrika ee ka hooseeya Saharaha) iyo 11-aad ee adduunka ugu weyn. Dadweynaha ku nool 78 milyan, [2] Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Kongo waa dalka ugu baahsan ee Faransiiska ah, oo ah waddanka afaraad ee ugu badan ee ku yaal Afrika iyo dalka 16-aad ee ugu badan dunida. Dhul-galka Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah, dhulka DRC waxaa markii ugu horreysay ku noolaa Bartamaha Afrika oo ku noolaa 90,000 oo sano kahor waxaana gaadhay Bantu ballaadhinta ilaa 3,000 oo sano ka hor. Galbeedka, Boqortooyada Bantu ee Kongo ayaa xukuntay hareeraha webiga Congo intii u dhexaysay qarniyadii 14aad iyo 19aad. Bartamaha iyo bariga, boqortooyooyinka Luba iyo Lunda waxay ka talaabeen qarniyadii 16aad iyo 17aad ilaa qarnigii 19aad. 1870-kii, ka hor intaanay bilaabmin tarbuunka Afrika, sahaminta Yurub ee Congo Basin ayaa la sameeyay, markii ugu horreysay oo ay hogaaminaysay Henry Morton Stanley iyada oo hoosta ka xariiqday King Leopold II ee Belgium. Leopold waxay si rasmi ah u heshay xuquuqda dhulkii Congo ee shirkii Berlin ee 1885-kii, dhulkana waxay ka dhigeen hanti gaar ah oo magaceeda loo yaqaan 'Congo Free State'. Inta lagu guda jiro Free State, qaybta milatari ee ciidan, Force Publique, waxay ku qasbeen dadweynaha in ay soo saaraan xargaha, iyo laga bilaabo 1885 illaa 1908, malaayiin qof oo reer Congo ah ayaa ku dhintay iyada oo ay sabab u tahay cudurka iyo dhiig-miirashada. Sannadkii 1908, Belgium, inkastoo markii hore loo diidey, ayaa si rasmi ah u dalbaday Dawlad-bilaash ah, taasoo noqotay waddanka Kongo Beljamka. Congo-Belgian waxay xorowday 30kii Juun 1960 iyada oo lagu magacaabo Jamhuuriyadda Congo. Patrice Lumumba oo loo yaqaan 'Congolese Nationalist' ayaa loo doortay Raisul Wasaarihii ugu horeeyay, halka Joseph Kasa-Vubu uu noqday madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay. Iskahorimaadka ayaa ka kacay maamulka maamulka, taas oo loo yaqaano dhibaatada Congo. Gobollada Katanga, oo hoos yimaada Moïse Tshombe, iyo Koonfurta Kacaanka ayaa isku dayay in ay go'doomaan. Ka dib markii Lumumba u jeestay Midawga Soofiyeeti ee gargaarka bini-aadamnimada, Maraykanka iyo Beljamku wuxuu ka war hayay kiiskiisa oo kormeeray isaga oo kashaqeynayay Kasa-Vubu 5tii Sebtembar iyo dilkii ugu dambeeyay ee ciidamada Belgian led-ka Katangese 17kii Janaayo 1961. 25kii Nofeembar 1965 , Taliyaha Ciidanka Xoogga ee Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, oo markii dambe magaciisa loo yaqaan Mobutu Sese Seko, ayaa si rasmi ah ugu biiray awood darbi ah. Sanadkii 1971, wuxuu ku magacaabay dalka Zaire. Wadanku wuxuu u ordayaa dowlad kali ah oo kali ah, iyada oo uu OMad yahay. ==Sawiro== [[File:Kananga_Vue_aérienne.jpg|thumb|right|398px|]] [[File:Stade_des_martyrs_0332_Kinshasa_(8756673901).jpg|thumb|right|398px|]] [[File:Okapi2.jpg|thumb|right|198px|]] ==Xubin== *[[Midowga Afrika]];*’;*’ *[[Bankiga Aduunka]];*’*’ *[[Qaramada Midoobay]] *[[Hayada Cuntada Aduunka]];*’ *[[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]];*’ ==Waddnamha Le deggan Dimuqaraadiga Kongo== * {{Flag|Ethiopia}} 200+: * {{Flag|China}} P.R.China; 100+: * {{Flag|South Africa}} 500+: == Tixraacyada == * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/2004-Yearbook-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses/Democratic-Republic-of-Congo-Kinshasa/ Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa)] {{Commons|République Démocratique du Congo}} <references/> {{Gumud}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kongo}} {{Dalalka Afrika}} [[Category:Dawladdaha Afrika]] gg2vgsy5wppy3gc5bau9eysq0mxti6a Kimisteri 0 2807 300967 248581 2026-07-07T13:18:07Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 300967 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kimisteri''' ([[Af Carabi]]: كيمياء [[Farta laatiinka|Af Laatiin]]: chem (kēme), ay Asalkeeda waa si kastaba ha ahaatee muransan yahay) waa saynis ah in daraasad ah arrinta iyo inta ay ka kooban, dhaqanka, qaabka iyo guryaha, iyo sidoo kale isbedelka waxaa Oo Qaliin lagu guda jiro falgalka kiimikada . chemistry ayaa baaritaan ku noocyada kala duwan ee atamka, udhigo, taagoo, kiristaalo, iyo dalalka kale ee arrinta, sidoo kale keligiis ama lagu daro, ku lug fikradaha tamarta iyo entropy ee la xiriirta Ukaalmayn ee hababka kiimikada. Dhaqan qaybsan laamood chemistry by nooca arrinta ay macaamiloon. meelaha waxaa ka mid ah: Imanba Chemistry (sahaminta ee arrinta ka imanba). Organic Chemistry (sahaminta of organic) arrinta carbon ku salaysan (). Kiimikada noole (sahaminta of walxaha kiimikada noolaha). Qaabka dhismaha jirka Kimisteri (sahaminta of hababka kiimikada isticmaalaya lagu daydo jirka iyo xaalado). Baaritaan sax ah oo sugan Kimisteri (falanqaynta ee tijaabada si aad u hesho fahamka Halabuurka kiimikada iyo qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada). Nukliyeerka Kimisteri (meesha xuduntii waa in diiradda iyo waxbarashada saamaynta shucaaca on falgalka kiimikada, isotopes kala duwan ee guryaha kiimikada, iyo sidoo kale isbadal ah ee xubno ka dhex midoobaan ama suuska dabiiciga ah). Teori Kimisteri (waa magac wadajir dhowr Lahjadaha teori chemistry in lagu saleyn karaa in qoraalkii ka badan wax ku ool ah ee kimistari, sida chemistry galmada in lagu saleyn karaa in ku dhowaad dhammaan beerihii chemistry). Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, dhowr ah oo nidaamo gaar ah soo baxay. Tusaale ahaan waxaa ka mid ah neurochemistry (sahamin ah kiimikada habdhiska), chemistry deegaanka (daraasadda of hababka kiimikada ee dabiiciga ah) iyo qalabka chemistry (daraasadda of qalab kala duwan). Chemistry markii hore dhaqmaa sida alchemy, protoscience ka oo chemistry soo shaac baxday. [2][[File:TaxolTotalSynthesisColor.png|thumb|]] [[File:Chemicals in flasks.jpg|thumb|Isku-dhisyo kimiko]] [[File:Tableau périodique des éléments.svg|thumb|[[Kaltanka Curiyayaasha]]]] '''Kimistari''' ({{lang-en|Chemistry}}; {{lang-ar|كيمياء}}) waa barashada aasaasiga ah ee [[saynis]]ka maatarka( matter) iyo iskudhiskiisa, iyo hababka ay u falgalaan. Barashada Kemistarigu waxa uu si qoto dheer uga hadlaa waxayaabahan soo socda. # qaababka iyo hababka maatarka (''structure of [[atom]]'') # Iskudhiska kiimikaad # kiimikeeynta warshedaad (''industrial chemistry'') # Qaabaka kimistriga noolaha (''industrial chemistry'') == Maatarka == :matter waa waxii mugleh meel marrana buuxsha.koonkaan aynu ku noolnahay waxa u ka koobanyahay maatar.haddii aad fiiriso agagaarkaaaga shay walba waa maater. maaterka waxaa loo qeybiyaa 3 qeybood oo kala ah Adke (''solid''), Dareere (''liquid''), iyo neef (''air''). kimstarigu waa barashada maatarka iyo sida uu isu bedbedalo. kimistarigu waa barashada walxaha iyo isbedelkooda. maatarku waa wixii aan tamar ahayn. koonkan waxauu kakooban yahay tamar iyo maatar. tamarta waxaa kamida ilayska kulka korontada maganadka iwm. insha allaah nagala soco casharka danbe... == Qoraalo La Xidhiidha== * [[Kaltanka Curiyayaasha]] * [[Fiisigis]] * imisteri waa waxbarasho ee isdhexgalka u dhexeeya walxaha kiimikada, oo ka kooban atamka ama qayb ka subatomic kaliya:. Protons, electrons iyo neutrons Atamka isku daro si ay u sameeyaan u taagoo ama kiristaalo. Chemistry waxaa mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan "sayniska dhexe". (A: sayniska dhexe), sababtoo ah waxaa isku xira dhowr cilmiga kale ee dabiiciga ah sida xiddigaha, physics, qalabka sayniska, bayoolaji iyo cilmi dhul asal ahaan Chemistry la ogan karo in jilaa ka weyn qaar ka mid ah, oo loo yaqaan alchemy, caqiido ah oo uu soo dhaqma kumanaan sano in meelo badan oo dunida ah. Dhismaha waxyaabaha aan u isticmaalno in nolol maalmeedka iyo sifooyinka arrinta aan si joogto ah la dhaqanka saameysey iyadoo ay sabab u guryaha walxaha kiimikada. Tusaale ahaan, steel waa mid dhib badan bir leh content carbon hoose sababtoo ah atamka ay si adag u wada addoonsi in dhisme crystal deggan; gubasho ama qoryo Oo Qaliin lagu qayilo degdeg ah waxaa sababtoo ah kor ku heerkulka gaar ah iska dhici karta inay oksijiin in reaction kiimikada ah, sonkorta iyo milixda baabbi'isaa biyo ay sabab u tahay sifooyinka Madbacada qaranka / kelli ay yihiin sida in xalka roon tahay in xaaladahan. Kalaguur yaasha gudbayo la bartay sida doonaa sabab u ah is dhexgalka labada u dhexeeya walxaha kiimikada kala duwan ama inta u dhaxaysa arrinta iyo tamarta ee kimisteriga. Cilmiga kimisteriga dhaqameed inta lagu guda jiro raadinta ee isdhexgalka u dhexeeya walxaha kiimikada shaybaarka kimistari oo isticmaalaya noocyo kala duwan oo qalab galaas. Reaction kiimikada A waa beddelidda ee walxaha kiimikada in mid ama ka badan waxyaabaha kale. Reaction A waxaa loo qori karaa sida caanaha falcelin. Tirada atamka si bidix iyo midig ee isla'egta ah isbedel kiimikada ah inta badan waa loo siman yahay. Tabar iyo entropy jira laba fikradaha aad u muhiim ah in ku dhowaad dhammaan chemistry. Walxaha kiimikada waxaa loo kala saaraa by ay qaab-dhismeedka, qaabka, iyo sidoo kale Halabuurka kiimikada ay. Waxay la falanqeeyay karo by hababka kala duwan ee falanqaynta kiimikada, tusaale ahaan, spectroscopy iyo chromatography. {{Reflist}} * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#en/mediaitems/OriginsLife/pub-jwbiv_201606_2_VIDEO Rocío Picado Herrero: A Chemistry Teacher Explains Her Faith] * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101971526 Chemistry and the World Around Us] [[Category:Kimisteri]] einivlmglvhbhozcnznjn2r71kzcmfg Talk:Bogga Hore 1 2871 300966 296632 2026-07-07T12:01:05Z Munsarsiciid 46211 /* My Life Control */ qayb cusub 300966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wadahadalka Bogga Hore}} __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ <!--Hordhaca--> {{Hordhaca Cusub ee Bogga Hore}} <!--Tiirka Bidix--> {|id="mp-columns" style="margin:0 0 4px 0; background:transparent;" | style="width:52%; border:1px solid #badecc; vertical-align:top; color:#000; padding: 0px 0px 10px 2px;-moz-border-radius: 10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius:10px; background:#f5fffa;" | {|id="mp-left" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="6" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; " !id="mp-fa" style="background:#d0f4e2; margin:0; height:22px; border-bottom:2px solid #badecc; color:#000; padding:.2em .4em .2em 1px;" {{!}} <div style="float:left;"><imagemap> Image:Arabesken3.png|80px rect 0 0 0 0 [[Link la'aan]] desc none </imagemap></div><div style="margin:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000;">[[file:Cscr-featured1.png|Link=Wikipedia:Maqaallo Xul Ah|30px]] Maqaal Xul ah</div> |- | style="color:#000;" | <div id="mf-fa" style="margin-bottom: auto;" title="Maqaal Xul Ah">{{Maqaal Xul Ah Bogga Hore}}</div> |- !id="mp-ga" style="background:#d0f4e2; margin:0; height:22px; border-bottom:2px solid #badecc; color:#000; padding:.2em .4em .2em 1px;" {{!}} <div style="float:left;"><imagemap> Image:Arabesken3.png|80px rect 0 0 0 0 [[Link la'aan]] desc none </imagemap></div><div style="margin:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000;">[[file:Cscr-featured2.png|Link=Wikipedia:Maqaallo Fiican|30px]] Maqaal Fiican</div> |- | style="color:#000;" | <div id="mf-fa" style="margin-bottom: auto;" title="Maqaal Fiican">{{Maqaalka Fiican Bogga Hore}}</div> |- !id="mp-wm" style="background:#d0f4e2; margin:0; height:22px; border-bottom:2px solid #badecc; color:#000; padding:.2em .4em .2em 1px;" {{!}} <div style="float:left;"><imagemap> Image:Arabesken3.png|80px rect 0 0 0 0 [[Link la'aan]] desc none </imagemap></div><div style="margin:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000;">[[file:Orologio rosa.svg|Link=|30px]] Xusuusta Wikipedia</div> |- | style="color:#000;" | <div id="mf-mw" style="margin-bottom: auto;" title="Xusuusta Wikipedia">{{Xusuusta Wikipedia}}</div> |- !id="mp-wisw" style="background:#d0f4e2; margin:0; height:22px; border-bottom:2px solid #badecc; color:#000; padding:.2em .4em .20em 1px;" {{!}} <div style="float:left;"><imagemap> Image:Arabesken3.png|80px rect 0 0 0 0 [[Link la'aan]] desc none </imagemap></div><div style="margin:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000;">[[file:Color-chars-logo.png|Link=|30px]] Waa maxaay Wikipedia ?</div> |- | style="color:#000;" | <div id="mf-mw" style="margin-bottom: auto;" title="Waa maxaay Wikipedia ?">{{Bulshada Wikipedia}}</div> |} <!--Tiirka Midig--> | style="border:none;" | | style="width:48%; border:1px solid #cfe0f3; background:#fff; vertical-align:top; padding: 0px 0px 2px 10px; -moz-border-radius: 10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius:10px; background:#fff;"| {| id="mp-left" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="6" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; " ! style="background:#ecf4f9; margin:0; height:22px; border-bottom:2px solid #cfe0f3; color:#000; padding:.2em .4em .2em 1px;" {{!}} <div style="float:left;"><imagemap> Image:Arabesken3.png|80px rect 0 0 0 0 [[Link la'aan]] desc none </imagemap></div><div style="margin:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000;">[[file:Wikipedia Checkuser.png|Link=Wikipedia:Hooyga|30px]] Hooyga Wikiga</div> |- | id="mp-xe" style="color:#000; text-align:center;" | {{Hooyga Wikiga}} |- ! style="background:#ecf4f9; margin:0; height:22px; border-bottom:2px solid #cfe0f3; color:#000; padding:.2em .4em .2em 1px;" {{!}} <div style="float:left;"><imagemap> Image:Arabesken3.png|80px rect 0 0 0 0 [[Link la'aan]] desc none </imagemap></div><div style="margin:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000;">Ma Ogtahay... |- | style="color:#000; text-align:center; padding:2px 9px;" | {{Daaqad1 |titolo= |logosfondo= Bluebg_rounded_croped.png |logo= PL Wiki CzyWiesz ikona.svg |px= 38 |contenuto= {{Bogga Hore/Ma Ogtahay/{{LOCALMONTH}}}} }}|- |id="mp-rn" style="color:#000; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:0px 5px; border-top:1px solid #cfe0f3;" | [[Wikipedia:Ma Ogtahay|'''Ma ogtahay dheeraad ka sii aqriso halkaan...''']] |- ! style="background:#ecf4f9; margin:0; height:22px; border-bottom:2px solid #cfe0f3; color:#000; padding:.2em .4em .2em 1px;" {{!}} <div style="float:left;"><imagemap> Image:Arabesken3.png|80px rect 0 0 0 0 [[Link la'aan]] desc none </imagemap></div><div style="margin:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000;">[[file:Gnome-emblem-photos.svg|Link=|30px]] Sawirka Maanta</div> |- | style="color:#000; margin-top:5px;" | {{Sawirka Maanta}} |- |id="mp-tp" style="color:#000; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:0px 5px; border-top:1px solid #cfe0f3;" | [[file:Camera-photo.svg|Link=|33px]] [[Wikipedia:Soo Bandhigga Sawirka Xulka|'''Soo Bandhig Sawirkaada Xulka ah''']] |- ! style="background:#ecf4f9; margin:0; height:22px; border-bottom:2px solid #cfe0f3; color:#000; padding:.2em .4em .2em 1px;" {{!}} <div style="float:left;"><imagemap> Image:Arabesken3.png|80px rect 0 0 0 0 [[Link la'aan]] desc none </imagemap></div><div style="margin:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000;">[[file:Crystal Clear talk.png|Link=|30px]] Waxaa La Yiri</div> |- | style="color:#000; text-align:center; padding:2px 9px;" | {{Oraahda Bogga Hore}} |- |id="mp-wq" style="color:#000; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:0px 5px; border-top:1px solid #cfe0f3;" | [[q:|'''Wiki''']] – <span class="plainlinks" id="quotes-purgelink">[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=purge}} '''Oraah Kale''']</span> |- ! 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Fariinta ugu weyn waa in guushu ka timaaddo nidaam, anshax, iyo ficil joogto ah.[[File:My_diary_of_my_mental_life_-_from_my_age_of_21_and_during_my_public_life_in_business_(1859)_(14784489275).jpg|thumb|alt=Buuggu wuxuu ka kooban yahay cutubyo ka hadlaya maaraynta waqtiga, xulashada asxaabta, maaraynta hantida, xallinta dhibaatooyinka, kalsoonida nafta, go'aan qaadashada, iyo hoggaaminta nolosha. Fariinta ugu weyn waa in guushu ka timaaddo nidaam, ansha|My Life Control]] [[User:Munsarsiciid|Munsarsiciid]] ([[User talk:Munsarsiciid|wadahadal]]) 12:01, 7 Luuliyo 2026 (UTC) ler8xye1shy5dfyh7mhx98dsjlv46ts 300968 300966 2026-07-07T13:21:59Z Isma4l 41797 Dib u celi 300968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wadahadalka Bogga Hore}} __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ <!--Hordhaca--> {{Hordhaca Cusub ee Bogga Hore}} <!--Tiirka Bidix--> {|id="mp-columns" style="margin:0 0 4px 0; background:transparent;" | style="width:52%; border:1px solid #badecc; vertical-align:top; color:#000; padding: 0px 0px 10px 2px;-moz-border-radius: 10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius:10px; background:#f5fffa;" | {|id="mp-left" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="6" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; " !id="mp-fa" style="background:#d0f4e2; margin:0; height:22px; border-bottom:2px solid #badecc; color:#000; padding:.2em .4em .2em 1px;" {{!}} <div style="float:left;"><imagemap> Image:Arabesken3.png|80px rect 0 0 0 0 [[Link la'aan]] desc none </imagemap></div><div style="margin:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000;">[[file:Cscr-featured1.png|Link=Wikipedia:Maqaallo Xul Ah|30px]] Maqaal Xul ah</div> |- | style="color:#000;" | <div id="mf-fa" style="margin-bottom: auto;" title="Maqaal Xul Ah">{{Maqaal Xul Ah Bogga Hore}}</div> |- !id="mp-ga" style="background:#d0f4e2; margin:0; height:22px; border-bottom:2px solid #badecc; color:#000; padding:.2em .4em .2em 1px;" {{!}} <div style="float:left;"><imagemap> Image:Arabesken3.png|80px rect 0 0 0 0 [[Link la'aan]] desc none </imagemap></div><div style="margin:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000;">[[file:Cscr-featured2.png|Link=Wikipedia:Maqaallo Fiican|30px]] Maqaal Fiican</div> |- | style="color:#000;" | <div id="mf-fa" style="margin-bottom: auto;" title="Maqaal Fiican">{{Maqaalka Fiican Bogga Hore}}</div> |- !id="mp-wm" style="background:#d0f4e2; margin:0; height:22px; border-bottom:2px solid #badecc; color:#000; padding:.2em .4em .2em 1px;" {{!}} <div style="float:left;"><imagemap> Image:Arabesken3.png|80px rect 0 0 0 0 [[Link la'aan]] desc none </imagemap></div><div style="margin:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000;">[[file:Orologio rosa.svg|Link=|30px]] Xusuusta Wikipedia</div> |- | style="color:#000;" | <div id="mf-mw" style="margin-bottom: auto;" title="Xusuusta Wikipedia">{{Xusuusta Wikipedia}}</div> |- !id="mp-wisw" style="background:#d0f4e2; margin:0; height:22px; border-bottom:2px solid #badecc; color:#000; padding:.2em .4em .20em 1px;" {{!}} <div style="float:left;"><imagemap> Image:Arabesken3.png|80px rect 0 0 0 0 [[Link la'aan]] desc none </imagemap></div><div style="margin:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000;">[[file:Color-chars-logo.png|Link=|30px]] Waa maxaay Wikipedia ?</div> |- | style="color:#000;" | <div id="mf-mw" style="margin-bottom: auto;" title="Waa maxaay Wikipedia ?">{{Bulshada Wikipedia}}</div> |} <!--Tiirka Midig--> | style="border:none;" | | style="width:48%; border:1px solid #cfe0f3; background:#fff; vertical-align:top; padding: 0px 0px 2px 10px; -moz-border-radius: 10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius:10px; background:#fff;"| {| id="mp-left" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="6" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; " ! style="background:#ecf4f9; margin:0; height:22px; border-bottom:2px solid #cfe0f3; color:#000; padding:.2em .4em .2em 1px;" {{!}} <div style="float:left;"><imagemap> Image:Arabesken3.png|80px rect 0 0 0 0 [[Link la'aan]] desc none </imagemap></div><div style="margin:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000;">[[file:Wikipedia Checkuser.png|Link=Wikipedia:Hooyga|30px]] Hooyga Wikiga</div> |- | id="mp-xe" style="color:#000; text-align:center;" | {{Hooyga Wikiga}} |- ! style="background:#ecf4f9; margin:0; height:22px; border-bottom:2px solid #cfe0f3; color:#000; padding:.2em .4em .2em 1px;" {{!}} <div style="float:left;"><imagemap> Image:Arabesken3.png|80px rect 0 0 0 0 [[Link la'aan]] desc none </imagemap></div><div style="margin:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000;">Ma Ogtahay... |- | style="color:#000; text-align:center; padding:2px 9px;" | {{Daaqad1 |titolo= |logosfondo= Bluebg_rounded_croped.png |logo= PL Wiki CzyWiesz ikona.svg |px= 38 |contenuto= {{Bogga Hore/Ma Ogtahay/{{LOCALMONTH}}}} }}|- |id="mp-rn" style="color:#000; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:0px 5px; border-top:1px solid #cfe0f3;" | [[Wikipedia:Ma Ogtahay|'''Ma ogtahay dheeraad ka sii aqriso halkaan...''']] |- ! style="background:#ecf4f9; margin:0; height:22px; border-bottom:2px solid #cfe0f3; color:#000; padding:.2em .4em .2em 1px;" {{!}} <div style="float:left;"><imagemap> Image:Arabesken3.png|80px rect 0 0 0 0 [[Link la'aan]] desc none </imagemap></div><div style="margin:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000;">[[file:Gnome-emblem-photos.svg|Link=|30px]] Sawirka Maanta</div> |- | style="color:#000; margin-top:5px;" | {{Sawirka Maanta}} |- |id="mp-tp" style="color:#000; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:0px 5px; border-top:1px solid #cfe0f3;" | [[file:Camera-photo.svg|Link=|33px]] [[Wikipedia:Soo Bandhigga Sawirka Xulka|'''Soo Bandhig Sawirkaada Xulka ah''']] |- ! style="background:#ecf4f9; margin:0; height:22px; border-bottom:2px solid #cfe0f3; color:#000; padding:.2em .4em .2em 1px;" {{!}} <div style="float:left;"><imagemap> Image:Arabesken3.png|80px rect 0 0 0 0 [[Link la'aan]] desc none </imagemap></div><div style="margin:0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; color:#000;">[[file:Crystal Clear talk.png|Link=|30px]] Waxaa La Yiri</div> |- | style="color:#000; text-align:center; padding:2px 9px;" | {{Oraahda Bogga Hore}} |- |id="mp-wq" style="color:#000; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:0px 5px; border-top:1px solid #cfe0f3;" | [[q:|'''Wiki''']] – <span class="plainlinks" id="quotes-purgelink">[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=purge}} '''Oraah Kale''']</span> |- ! 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[[Categoy:Bogga Hore| ]] fxqaiftnp8v0aee852p3cz98lsd9iu0 Senegaal 0 3712 301054 300599 2026-07-07T23:00:37Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 301054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Senegaal | native_name = {{native name|fr|République du Sénégal}} | common_name = Senegal | image_flag = Flag of Senegal.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Senegal (official version).svg | image_map = Senegal (orthographic projection).svg | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=dark green}} | image_map2 = | national_motto = {{native phrase|fr|"Un peuple, un but, une foi"|nolink=yes}}<br/>{{native phrase|wo|"Benn Askan, Benn Jubluwaay, Benn Pas-Pas"|nolink=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Raaya ak bàkku Senegaal |trans-title=Calanka iyo halku-dhigga Senegal|url=https://www.presidence.sn/wo/presidence/le-drapeau-et-la-devise-du-senegal |lang=wo |publisher=[[President of Senegal|Presidency of Senegal]]}}</ref><br/>({{langx|en|"Hal Shacab, Hal Hadaf, Hal Caqiido"}}) | national_anthem = {{lang|fr|[[Le Lion rouge]]}}<br />({{langx|en|"Libaaxa Cas"}}){{parabr}}{{center|[[File:National Anthem of Senegal.ogg]]}} | official_languages = [[Af-Faransiis|Faransiis]] | languages_type = [[Aqoonta luqadda|Luqadaha qaranka]] | languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Wolof|Wolof]]{{Efn|name=WolofStatus|Xogta laga helay Xarunta Daraasaadka Afrika ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania waxay qiyaasaysaa in qiyaastii 90% dadka u dhashay Senegal ay fahmaan ama ku hadlaan Wolof ahaan luqaddooda koowaad ama labaad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Studies Center{{!}} African Languages at Penn |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/afl/alwolof.htm |access-date=20 March 2023 |website=Center for African Studies at [[University of Pennsylvania]] |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129152750/https://www.africa.upenn.edu/afl/alwolof.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>}}|[[Af-Serer|Serer]]|[[Af-Diola|Diola]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Falola |first=Toyin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3fhADwAAQBAJ&dq=Arabic+Status+in+Senegal&pg=PT190 |title=Africanizing Knowledge: African Studies Across the Disciplines |date=30 November 2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-32438-0 |pages=190 |language=en}}</ref>|[[Af-Pulaar|Pulaar]]|[[Af-Soninke|Soninke]]|[[Af-Mandinka|Mandinka]]{{Efn|name=SenegalNationalLangs|Qodobka 1-aad ee Dastuurka Senegal ee 2001, kaas oo dhigaya in luqadaha qaranka ay yihiin Diola, Malinké, Pular, Sérère, Soninké iyo Wolof.<ref name="Languages">{{Cite web |title=Senegal's Constitution of 2001 with Amendments through 2016 |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Senegal_2016.pdf?lang=en |website=Constitute Project |language=en |access-date=20 March 2023 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410075501/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Senegal_2016.pdf?lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref>}}}} | ethnic_groups = {{ubl| 39.7% [[Wolof (qoomiyad)|Wolof]] |27.5% [[Fula (qoomiyad)|Fula]] |16.0% [[Serer (qoomiyad)|Serer]] |4.9% [[Mandinka (qoomiyad)|Mandinka]] |4.2% [[Jola (qoomiyad)|Jola]] |2.4% [[Soninke (qoomiyad)|Soninke]] |5.4% [[Qoomiyadaha kale ee Senegal|kuwa kale]]}} | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="CIA Factbook">{{cite web |title=Senegal |date=23 August 2022 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/senegal/ |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |access-date=23 January 2024 |archive-date=4 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204143936/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/senegal/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2019 | religion = {{ubl | 89% [[Islaamka Senegal|Islaam]] | 10% [[Masiixiyad]] | 1% [[Diimaha Dhaqanka ee Afrika|Diimaha dhaqanka]]}} | religion_year = 2024 | religion_ref = <ref name="Pew Research">{{Cite web |title=Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life / Islam and Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/sub-saharan-africa-chapter-1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250518203729/https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/sub-saharan-africa-chapter-1.pdf |archive-date=May 18, 2025 |website=Pew Research}}</ref> | demonym = Senegalese | capital = [[Dakar]] | coordinates = {{Coord|14|40|N|17|25|W|type:city}} | largest_city = caasimadda | government_type = Jamhuuriyad [[Nidaamka nus-madaxweynaha|nus-madaxweyne]] oo midaysan | leader_title1 = [[Liiska Madaxweynayaasha Senegal|Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = [[Bassirou Diomaye Faye]] | leader_title2 = [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Senegal|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | leader_name2 = [[Ahmadou Al Aminou Lo]] | leader_title3 = [[Guddoomiyaha Golaha Shacabka ee Senegal|Guddoomiyaha Golaha Shacabka]] | leader_name3 = [[Ousmane Sonko]] | legislature = [[Golaha Shacabka (Senegal)|Golaha Shacabka]] | area_rank = 86aad | area_km2 = 196,722<ref name="CIA Factbook"/> | area_sq_mi = 75,955 | percent_water = 2.1 | population_estimate = {{Increase}} 18,847,519<ref name="CIA Factbook"/> | population_estimate_year = 2024 | population_estimate_rank = 68aad | population_census_rank = | population_census = | population_census_year = | population_density_km2 = {{density|18,847,519|196,722}} | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $105.428 bilyan<ref name="IMFWEO.SN">{{cite web |url= https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=722,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2023&ey=2030&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 Edition. (Senegal) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=10 April 2025 |access-date=9 August 2025}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 100aad | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase }} $5,498 <ref name="IMFWEO.SN" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 150aad | GDP_nominal_rank = 103aad | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $34.728 bilyan<ref name="IMFWEO.SN" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase }} $1,811<ref name="IMFWEO.SN" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 154aad | established_event1 = Isbeddelka Jamhuuriyadda | established_date1 = 25 Noofambar 1958 | sovereignty_type = [[Taariikhda Senegal|Madax-bannaanida]] | established_event2 = Madax-bannaanida Faransiiska{{efn|Iyada iyo [[Suudaanta Faransiiska]], oo ahaa [[Xiriirka Mali]].}} | established_date2 = 20 Juun 1960 | established_event3 = Ka bixitaankii<br />[[Xiriirka Mali]] | established_date3 = 20 Agoosto 1960 | established_event4 = Kala diristii [[Xiriirka Senegambia]] | established_date4 = 30 Sebtembar 1989 | established_event5 = | established_date5 = | established_event6 = | established_date6 = | Gini_year = 2011 | Gini_change = | Gini = 40.3 | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=2 March 2011 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225120531/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/%20 |url-status=live }}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.530 | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = kordhay | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 169aad | currency = [[CFA franc-ka Galbeedka Afrika]] | currency_code = XOF | country_code = | utc_offset = ±00:00 | time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | calling_code = [[+221]] | cctld = [[.sn]] | flag_p1 = Flag of Mali (1959–1961).svg | today = }} '''Senegal''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Senegal.ogg|ˌ|s|ɛ|n|ə|ˈ|ɡ|ɔː|l|,_|-|ˈ|ɡ|ɑː|l}};<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Senegal |title=Definition of Senegal |publisher=The Free Dictionary |access-date=6 November 2013 |archive-date=23 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523052551/https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Senegal |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Senegal |title=Define Senegal |dictionary=Dictionary.com |access-date=6 November 2013 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304225517/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/senegal |url-status=live }}</ref> {{langx|fr|Sénégal}} {{ipa|fr|seneɡal|}}}} si rasmi ahna loo yiraahdo '''Jamhuuriyadda Senegal''',{{efn|{{langx|fr|link=no|République du Sénégal}} {{ipa|fr|ʁepyblik dy seneɡal|}}}} waa dalka ugu galbeedsan dhul-waynaha [[Galbeedka Afrika]], wuxuuna ku yaal xeebta [[Badweynta Atlaantik-ga]]. Waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Mauretania]] xagga [[Xuduudda Mauretania–Senegal|waqooyiga]], [[Mali]] xagga [[Xuduudda Mali–Senegal|bari]], [[Gini]] xagga [[Xuduudda Gini–Senegal|koonfur-bari]] iyo [[Gini-Bisaau]] xagga [[Xuduudda Gini-Bisaau–Senegal|koonfur-galbeed]]. Senegal waxay ku dhowdahay inay gebi ahaanba ku hareeraysato dalka [[Gambiya]], oo ah dal fadhiya dhul cariiri ah oo ku teedsan daanta [[Webiga Gambiya]], kaas oo kala sooca gobolka koonfureed ee Senegal ee [[Casamance]] iyo dalka intiisa kale.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2018 |title=Which Countries Border The Gambia? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-countries-border-the-gambia.html |access-date=19 September 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |archive-date=25 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925074027/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-countries-border-the-gambia.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Why is The Gambia Surrounded by Senegal? |url=https://www.trazeetravel.com/why-is-the-gambia-surrounded-by-senegal/ |access-date=19 September 2023 |website=Trazee Travel |language=en-US |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003032201/https://www.trazeetravel.com/why-is-the-gambia-surrounded-by-senegal/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Waxay sidoo kale xuduud badeed la wadaagtaa [[Cape Verde]]. Caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn Senegal waa [[Dakar]]. Senegal waa dalka ugu xagga galbeed ee dhul-waynaha [[Dunidii Hore]], ama [[Afro-Eurasia]].<ref>Janet H. Gritzner, Charles F. Gritzner&nbsp;– 2009, Senegal&nbsp;– Page 8</ref> Magaceeda waxay ka heshay [[Webiga Senegal]], oo xuduud u ah dhanka waqooyi iyo bari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=culturetrip |date=31 May 2018 |title=The Real Story Behind Senegal's Name |url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/ |access-date=19 September 2023 |website=Culture Trip |archive-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206024446/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cimiladu inta badan waa midda [[Sahel|Sahel-ka]], iyadoo leh [[Xilli-roobaad|xilli roobaad]]. Senegal waxay ku fidsan tahay dhul baaxadiisu tahay ku dhawaad {{convert|197,000|km2}} waxayna leedahay dad dhowr ah oo gaaraya 18 milyan.{{UN Population|ref}} Dawladdu waa [[Nidaamka nus-madaxweynaha|jamhuuriyad nus-madaxweyne ah]]; tan iyo markii la aas-aasay dalka sanadkii 1960-kii, waxaa loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay mid ka mid ah wadamada ugu xasiloon qaaradda Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/senegal/overview |access-date=30 November 2022 |publisher=World Bank |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130123208/https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/senegal/overview |url-status=live }}</ref> Marka loo eego [[Tusmooyinka Dimuqraadiyadda ee V-Dem]] ee 2024, Senegal waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta 68aad ee dimuqraadiyadda doorashooyinka adduunka iyo kaalinta 10aad ee [[dimuqraadiyadda doorashooyinka ee Afrika]].<ref name="vdem_dataset">{{cite web |last=V-Dem Institute |date=2023 |title=The V-Dem Dataset |url=https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ |access-date=14 October 2023 |archive-date=8 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208183458/https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Dawladdan waxaa loo dhisay sidii qayb ka mid ah madax-bannaanidii [[Galbeedka Afrika ee Faransiiska]] ee ka xorowday [[Xukunkii gumeysiga Faransiiska]]. Taariikhdan darteed, Faransiisku waa luqadda rasmiga ah, laakiin waxaa fahma kaliya dad tirada yar ah.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|author=Jacques Leclerc|date=4 October 2010|title=Sénégal|url=http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/senegal.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229121849/http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/senegal.htm|archive-date=29 February 2012|access-date=17 March 2012|website=Trésor de la langue française au Québec}}</ref> [[Luqadaha Senegal|In ka badan 30 luqadood]] ayaa looga hadlaa Senegal. [[Af-Wolof|Wolof]] waa luqadda ugu ballaaran ee loogu hadlo, iyadoo 80% dadku ay ku hadlaan sidii luqaddooda koowaad ama labaad,<ref name="What Languages Are Spoken in Senegal?">{{cite web |last=Pariona |first=Amber |date=27 September 2017 |title=What Languages Are Spoken in Senegal? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-senegal.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 October 2022 |website=WorldAtlas |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004131156/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-senegal.html}}</ref> iyadoo u adeegta sidii [[Lingua franca|''lingua franca'']] ee Senegal oo barbar socota Faransiiska. [[Af-Carabi|Carabiga]] iyo [[Af-Pulaar|Pulaar]] sidoo kale waxay weli caan ku yihiin bulshooyinka qaar.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gueye |first1=Massamba |date=17 November 2022 |title=Wolof is reclaiming ground in Senegal as the French language wanes |url=https://theconversation.com/wolof-is-reclaiming-ground-in-senegal-as-the-french-language-wanes-194750 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.xvjeydjhj |editor-first1=Moina |editor-first2=Assane |editor-last1=Spooner |editor-last2=Diagne}}</ref> Sida wadamada kale ee Afrika, dalku wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[Aqoonta dadka ee Senegal|isku dhaf ballaaran oo bulshooyin qoomiyado iyo luqado kala duwan leh]], iyadoo kuwa ugu waaweyni ay yihiin [[Wolof (qoomiyad)|Wolof]], [[Fula (qoomiyad)|Fula]], iyo [[Serer (qoomiyad)|Serer]]. Dadka reer Senegal u badan koodu waa [[Muslimiin]].<ref name=":0b">{{cite web |title=Senegal, a Muslim Country that Can't Get Enough Christmas |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_senegal-muslim-country-cant-get-enough-christmas/6181575.html |last=Hammerschlag |first=Annika |date=24 December 2019 |access-date=30 November 2022 |publisher=VOA |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130123919/https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_senegal-muslim-country-cant-get-enough-christmas/6181575.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Maadaama uu yahay dal soo koraya, Senegal waxaa loo kala saaraa [[Wadamada saboolka ah ee deynta badan lagu leeyahay|dal sabool ah oo deyn badan lagu leeyahay]], iyadoo ku jirta kaalinta hoose ee [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha]] (169aad ee 193 wadan). Inta badan dadku waxay ku nool yihiin xeebta waxayna ka shaqeeyaan [[Beeraha Senegal|beeraha ama warshadaha kale ee cuntada]]; warshadaha kale ee waaweyn waxaa ka mid ah macdanta, dalxiiska, iyo adeegyada.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Systematic Country Diagnostic of Senegal|date=4 October 2018|publisher=World Bank|doi=10.1596/30852|hdl=10986/30852|s2cid=240089232|url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/336611539873310474/Senegal-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic }}</ref> La'aanta taariikhiga ahayd ee khayraadka dabiiciga ah ee Senegal waxay u weecisay dadaallada dhanka kordhinta akhris-qoraalka iyo guulaha waxbarashada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Senegal, a small country, is good at providing international organisations with leaders |url=https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/why-senegal-small-country-good-providing-international-organisations-leaders |access-date=30 November 2022 |website=D+C |date=21 November 2014 |language=en |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130121716/https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/why-senegal-small-country-good-providing-international-organisations-leaders |url-status=live }}</ref> Senegal waa xubin ka tirsan [[Midowga Afrika]], Qaramada Midoobay, [[Guddiga Dhaqaalaha ee Galbeedka Afrika]] (ECOWAS), [[Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Francophonie]], [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]], iyo [[Aagga Sahel iyo Saxaraha]]. == Asalka Magaca == Dalka Senegal waxaa loogu magac daray [[Webiga Senegal]]. Magaca webiga wuxuu ka imaan karaa fasiraadda luqadda [[Af-Boortaqiis|Boortaqiiska]] ee magaca [[Af-Zenaga|Zenaga]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan [[Sanhaja]].<ref name="fass">{{Cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/|title=The Real Story Behind Senegal's Name|first=Beetle|last=Holloway|website=Culture Trip|date=31 May 2018|access-date=31 December 2018|archive-date=6 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206024446/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sidoo kale, waxay noqon kartaa isku darka ilaaha ugu sarreeya ee [[Diinta Serer|diinta Serer-ka]] (''Rog Sene'') iyo ''o gal,'' oo macnaheedu yahay ‘''biyo’'' marka loo eego [[Af-Serer|luqadda Serer]]. Qoraaga iyo wadaadka reer Faransiis David Boilat wuxuu soo jeediyay in magacu ka yimid weedha [[Af-Wolof|Wolof-ka]] ee ah "sunuu gaal", oo macnaheedu yahay "doonteenna".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holloway |first=Beetle |date=31 May 2018 |title=The Real Story Behind Senegal's Name |url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=Culture Trip |archive-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206024446/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} lc23j397i2dur8maw8z45w2mbbkvr5u 301055 301054 2026-07-07T23:06:23Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 301055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Senegaal | native_name = {{native name|fr|République du Sénégal}} | common_name = Senegal | image_flag = Flag of Senegal.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Senegal (official version).svg | image_map = Senegal (orthographic projection).svg | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=dark green}} | image_map2 = | national_motto = {{native phrase|fr|"Un peuple, un but, une foi"|nolink=yes}}<br/>{{native phrase|wo|"Benn Askan, Benn Jubluwaay, Benn Pas-Pas"|nolink=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Raaya ak bàkku Senegaal |trans-title=Calanka iyo halku-dhigga Senegal|url=https://www.presidence.sn/wo/presidence/le-drapeau-et-la-devise-du-senegal |lang=wo |publisher=[[President of Senegal|Presidency of Senegal]]}}</ref><br/>({{langx|en|"Hal Shacab, Hal Hadaf, Hal Caqiido"}}) | national_anthem = {{lang|fr|[[Le Lion rouge]]}}<br />({{langx|en|"Libaaxa Cas"}}){{parabr}}{{center|[[File:National Anthem of Senegal.ogg]]}} | official_languages = [[Af-Faransiis|Faransiis]] | languages_type = [[Aqoonta luqadda|Luqadaha qaranka]] | languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Wolof|Wolof]]{{Efn|name=WolofStatus|Xogta laga helay Xarunta Daraasaadka Afrika ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania waxay qiyaasaysaa in qiyaastii 90% dadka u dhashay Senegal ay fahmaan ama ku hadlaan Wolof ahaan luqaddooda koowaad ama labaad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Studies Center{{!}} African Languages at Penn |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/afl/alwolof.htm |access-date=20 March 2023 |website=Center for African Studies at [[University of Pennsylvania]] |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129152750/https://www.africa.upenn.edu/afl/alwolof.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>}}|[[Af-Serer|Serer]]|[[Af-Diola|Diola]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Falola |first=Toyin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3fhADwAAQBAJ&dq=Arabic+Status+in+Senegal&pg=PT190 |title=Africanizing Knowledge: African Studies Across the Disciplines |date=30 November 2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-32438-0 |pages=190 |language=en}}</ref>|[[Af-Pulaar|Pulaar]]|[[Af-Soninke|Soninke]]|[[Af-Mandinka|Mandinka]]{{Efn|name=SenegalNationalLangs|Qodobka 1-aad ee Dastuurka Senegal ee 2001, kaas oo dhigaya in luqadaha qaranka ay yihiin Diola, Malinké, Pular, Sérère, Soninké iyo Wolof.<ref name="Languages">{{Cite web |title=Senegal's Constitution of 2001 with Amendments through 2016 |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Senegal_2016.pdf?lang=en |website=Constitute Project |language=en |access-date=20 March 2023 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410075501/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Senegal_2016.pdf?lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref>}}}} | ethnic_groups = {{ubl| 39.7% [[Wolof (qoomiyad)|Wolof]] |27.5% [[Fula (qoomiyad)|Fula]] |16.0% [[Serer (qoomiyad)|Serer]] |4.9% [[Mandinka (qoomiyad)|Mandinka]] |4.2% [[Jola (qoomiyad)|Jola]] |2.4% [[Soninke (qoomiyad)|Soninke]] |5.4% [[Qoomiyadaha kale ee Senegal|kuwa kale]]}} | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="CIA Factbook">{{cite web |title=Senegal |date=23 August 2022 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/senegal/ |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |access-date=23 January 2024 |archive-date=4 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204143936/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/senegal/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2019 | religion = {{ubl | 89% [[Islaamka Senegal|Islaam]] | 10% [[Masiixiyad]] | 1% [[Diimaha Dhaqanka ee Afrika|Diimaha dhaqanka]]}} | religion_year = 2024 | religion_ref = <ref name="Pew Research">{{Cite web |title=Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life / Islam and Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/sub-saharan-africa-chapter-1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250518203729/https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/sub-saharan-africa-chapter-1.pdf |archive-date=May 18, 2025 |website=Pew Research}}</ref> | demonym = Senegalese | capital = [[Dakar]] | coordinates = {{Coord|14|40|N|17|25|W|type:city}} | largest_city = caasimadda | government_type = Jamhuuriyad [[Nidaamka nus-madaxweynaha|nus-madaxweyne]] oo midaysan | leader_title1 = [[Liiska Madaxweynayaasha Senegal|Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = [[Bassirou Diomaye Faye]] | leader_title2 = [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Senegal|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | leader_name2 = [[Ahmadou Al Aminou Lo]] | leader_title3 = [[Guddoomiyaha Golaha Shacabka ee Senegal|Guddoomiyaha Golaha Shacabka]] | leader_name3 = [[Ousmane Sonko]] | legislature = [[Golaha Shacabka (Senegal)|Golaha Shacabka]] | area_rank = 86aad | area_km2 = 196,722<ref name="CIA Factbook"/> | area_sq_mi = 75,955 | percent_water = 2.1 | population_estimate = {{Increase}} 18,847,519<ref name="CIA Factbook"/> | population_estimate_year = 2024 | population_estimate_rank = 68aad | population_census_rank = | population_census = | population_census_year = | population_density_km2 = {{density|18,847,519|196,722}} | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $105.428 bilyan<ref name="IMFWEO.SN">{{cite web |url= https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=722,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2023&ey=2030&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 Edition. (Senegal) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=10 April 2025 |access-date=9 August 2025}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 100aad | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase }} $5,498 <ref name="IMFWEO.SN" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 150aad | GDP_nominal_rank = 103aad | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $34.728 bilyan<ref name="IMFWEO.SN" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase }} $1,811<ref name="IMFWEO.SN" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 154aad | established_event1 = Isbeddelka Jamhuuriyadda | established_date1 = 25 Noofambar 1958 | sovereignty_type = [[Taariikhda Senegal|Madax-bannaanida]] | established_event2 = Madax-bannaanida Faransiiska{{efn|Iyada iyo [[Suudaanta Faransiiska]], oo ahaa [[Xiriirka Mali]].}} | established_date2 = 20 Juun 1960 | established_event3 = Ka bixitaankii<br />[[Xiriirka Mali]] | established_date3 = 20 Agoosto 1960 | established_event4 = Kala diristii [[Xiriirka Senegambia]] | established_date4 = 30 Sebtembar 1989 | established_event5 = | established_date5 = | established_event6 = | established_date6 = | Gini_year = 2011 | Gini_change = | Gini = 40.3 | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=2 March 2011 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225120531/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/%20 |url-status=live }}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.530 | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = kordhay | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 169aad | currency = [[CFA franc-ka Galbeedka Afrika]] | currency_code = XOF | country_code = | utc_offset = ±00:00 | time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | calling_code = [[+221]] | cctld = [[.sn]] | flag_p1 = Flag of Mali (1959–1961).svg | today = }} '''Senegal''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Senegal.ogg|ˌ|s|ɛ|n|ə|ˈ|ɡ|ɔː|l|,_|-|ˈ|ɡ|ɑː|l}};<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Senegal |title=Definition of Senegal |publisher=The Free Dictionary |access-date=6 November 2013 |archive-date=23 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523052551/https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Senegal |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Senegal |title=Define Senegal |dictionary=Dictionary.com |access-date=6 November 2013 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304225517/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/senegal |url-status=live }}</ref> {{langx|fr|Sénégal}} {{ipa|fr|seneɡal|}}}} si rasmi ahna loo yiraahdo '''Jamhuuriyadda Senegaal''',{{efn|{{langx|fr|link=no|République du Sénégal}} {{ipa|fr|ʁepyblik dy seneɡal|}}}} waa dalka ugu galbeedsan dhul-waynaha [[Galbeedka Afrika]], wuxuuna ku yaal xeebta [[Badweynta Atlaantik-ga]]. Waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Mauretania]] xagga [[Xuduudda Mauretania–Senegal|waqooyiga]], [[Mali]] xagga [[Xuduudda Mali–Senegal|bari]], [[Gini]] xagga [[Xuduudda Gini–Senegal|koonfur-bari]] iyo [[Gini-Bisaau]] xagga [[Xuduudda Gini-Bisaau–Senegal|koonfur-galbeed]]. Senegal waxay ku dhowdahay inay gebi ahaanba ku hareeraysato dalka [[Gambiya]], oo ah dal fadhiya dhul cariiri ah oo ku teedsan daanta [[Webiga Gambiya]], kaas oo kala sooca gobolka koonfureed ee Senegal ee [[Casamance]] iyo dalka intiisa kale.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2018 |title=Which Countries Border The Gambia? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-countries-border-the-gambia.html |access-date=19 September 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |archive-date=25 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925074027/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-countries-border-the-gambia.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Why is The Gambia Surrounded by Senegal? |url=https://www.trazeetravel.com/why-is-the-gambia-surrounded-by-senegal/ |access-date=19 September 2023 |website=Trazee Travel |language=en-US |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003032201/https://www.trazeetravel.com/why-is-the-gambia-surrounded-by-senegal/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Waxay sidoo kale xuduud badeed la wadaagtaa [[Cape Verde]]. Caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn Senegal waa [[Dakar]]. Senegal waa dalka ugu xagga galbeed ee dhul-waynaha [[Dunidii Hore]], ama [[Afro-Eurasia]].<ref>Janet H. Gritzner, Charles F. Gritzner&nbsp;– 2009, Senegal&nbsp;– Page 8</ref> Magaceeda waxay ka heshay [[Webiga Senegal]], oo xuduud u ah dhanka waqooyi iyo bari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=culturetrip |date=31 May 2018 |title=The Real Story Behind Senegal's Name |url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/ |access-date=19 September 2023 |website=Culture Trip |archive-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206024446/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cimiladu inta badan waa midda [[Sahel|Sahel-ka]], iyadoo leh [[Xilli-roobaad|xilli roobaad]]. Senegal waxay ku fidsan tahay dhul baaxadiisu tahay ku dhawaad {{convert|197,000|km2}} waxayna leedahay dad dhowr ah oo gaaraya 18 milyan.{{UN Population|ref}} Dawladdu waa [[Nidaamka nus-madaxweynaha|jamhuuriyad nus-madaxweyne ah]]; tan iyo markii la aas-aasay dalka sanadkii 1960-kii, waxaa loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay mid ka mid ah wadamada ugu xasiloon qaaradda Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/senegal/overview |access-date=30 November 2022 |publisher=World Bank |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130123208/https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/senegal/overview |url-status=live }}</ref> Marka loo eego [[Tusmooyinka Dimuqraadiyadda ee V-Dem]] ee 2024, Senegal waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta 68aad ee dimuqraadiyadda doorashooyinka adduunka iyo kaalinta 10aad ee [[dimuqraadiyadda doorashooyinka ee Afrika]].<ref name="vdem_dataset">{{cite web |last=V-Dem Institute |date=2023 |title=The V-Dem Dataset |url=https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ |access-date=14 October 2023 |archive-date=8 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208183458/https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Dawladdan waxaa loo dhisay sidii qayb ka mid ah madax-bannaanidii [[Galbeedka Afrika ee Faransiiska]] ee ka xorowday [[Xukunkii gumeysiga Faransiiska]]. Taariikhdan darteed, Faransiisku waa luqadda rasmiga ah, laakiin waxaa fahma kaliya dad tirada yar ah.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|author=Jacques Leclerc|date=4 October 2010|title=Sénégal|url=http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/senegal.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229121849/http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/senegal.htm|archive-date=29 February 2012|access-date=17 March 2012|website=Trésor de la langue française au Québec}}</ref> [[Luqadaha Senegal|In ka badan 30 luqadood]] ayaa looga hadlaa Senegal. [[Af-Wolof|Wolof]] waa luqadda ugu ballaaran ee loogu hadlo, iyadoo 80% dadku ay ku hadlaan sidii luqaddooda koowaad ama labaad,<ref name="What Languages Are Spoken in Senegal?">{{cite web |last=Pariona |first=Amber |date=27 September 2017 |title=What Languages Are Spoken in Senegal? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-senegal.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 October 2022 |website=WorldAtlas |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004131156/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-senegal.html}}</ref> iyadoo u adeegta sidii [[Lingua franca|''lingua franca'']] ee Senegal oo barbar socota Faransiiska. [[Af-Carabi|Carabiga]] iyo [[Af-Pulaar|Pulaar]] sidoo kale waxay weli caan ku yihiin bulshooyinka qaar.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gueye |first1=Massamba |date=17 November 2022 |title=Wolof is reclaiming ground in Senegal as the French language wanes |url=https://theconversation.com/wolof-is-reclaiming-ground-in-senegal-as-the-french-language-wanes-194750 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.xvjeydjhj |editor-first1=Moina |editor-first2=Assane |editor-last1=Spooner |editor-last2=Diagne}}</ref> Sida wadamada kale ee Afrika, dalku wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[Aqoonta dadka ee Senegal|isku dhaf ballaaran oo bulshooyin qoomiyado iyo luqado kala duwan leh]], iyadoo kuwa ugu waaweyni ay yihiin [[Wolof (qoomiyad)|Wolof]], [[Fula (qoomiyad)|Fula]], iyo [[Serer (qoomiyad)|Serer]]. Dadka reer Senegal u badan koodu waa [[Muslimiin]].<ref name=":0b">{{cite web |title=Senegal, a Muslim Country that Can't Get Enough Christmas |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_senegal-muslim-country-cant-get-enough-christmas/6181575.html |last=Hammerschlag |first=Annika |date=24 December 2019 |access-date=30 November 2022 |publisher=VOA |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130123919/https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_senegal-muslim-country-cant-get-enough-christmas/6181575.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Maadaama uu yahay dal soo koraya, Senegal waxaa loo kala saaraa [[Wadamada saboolka ah ee deynta badan lagu leeyahay|dal sabool ah oo deyn badan lagu leeyahay]], iyadoo ku jirta kaalinta hoose ee [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha]] (169aad ee 193 wadan). Inta badan dadku waxay ku nool yihiin xeebta waxayna ka shaqeeyaan [[Beeraha Senegal|beeraha ama warshadaha kale ee cuntada]]; warshadaha kale ee waaweyn waxaa ka mid ah macdanta, dalxiiska, iyo adeegyada.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Systematic Country Diagnostic of Senegal|date=4 October 2018|publisher=World Bank|doi=10.1596/30852|hdl=10986/30852|s2cid=240089232|url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/336611539873310474/Senegal-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic }}</ref> La'aanta taariikhiga ahayd ee khayraadka dabiiciga ah ee Senegal waxay u weecisay dadaallada dhanka kordhinta akhris-qoraalka iyo guulaha waxbarashada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Senegal, a small country, is good at providing international organisations with leaders |url=https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/why-senegal-small-country-good-providing-international-organisations-leaders |access-date=30 November 2022 |website=D+C |date=21 November 2014 |language=en |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130121716/https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/why-senegal-small-country-good-providing-international-organisations-leaders |url-status=live }}</ref> Senegal waa xubin ka tirsan [[Midowga Afrika]], Qaramada Midoobay, [[Guddiga Dhaqaalaha ee Galbeedka Afrika]] (ECOWAS), [[Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Francophonie]], [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]], iyo [[Aagga Sahel iyo Saxaraha]]. == Asalka Magaca == Dalka Senegal waxaa loogu magac daray [[Webiga Senegal]]. Magaca webiga wuxuu ka imaan karaa fasiraadda luqadda [[Af-Boortaqiis|Boortaqiiska]] ee magaca [[Af-Zenaga|Zenaga]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan [[Sanhaja]].<ref name="fass">{{Cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/|title=The Real Story Behind Senegal's Name|first=Beetle|last=Holloway|website=Culture Trip|date=31 May 2018|access-date=31 December 2018|archive-date=6 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206024446/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sidoo kale, waxay noqon kartaa isku darka ilaaha ugu sarreeya ee [[Diinta Serer|diinta Serer-ka]] (''Rog Sene'') iyo ''o gal,'' oo macnaheedu yahay ‘''biyo’'' marka loo eego [[Af-Serer|luqadda Serer]]. Qoraaga iyo wadaadka reer Faransiis David Boilat wuxuu soo jeediyay in magacu ka yimid weedha [[Af-Wolof|Wolof-ka]] ee ah "sunuu gaal", oo macnaheedu yahay "doonteenna".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holloway |first=Beetle |date=31 May 2018 |title=The Real Story Behind Senegal's Name |url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=Culture Trip |archive-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206024446/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} s3fpz81xku12qdp9ewhbr1v54gep46h Qaramada Midoobay 0 4451 300973 288040 2026-07-07T13:29:15Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 300973 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan Jimciyada Quruumaha Ka Dhaxaysa. ::''Boga "[[UN]]", "[[UNO]]", "[[QM]]" iyo "[[Jimciyada Quruumaha Ka Dhaxaysa]]" halkan ayaa laga soo toosiyay. {{Infobox geopolitical organization |name = [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]] Qamada Midoobey<br />[[Carabi]] الأمم المتحدة <br />[[Shiinees]] 联合国/聯合國<br />[[Af-Isbaanish|Isbaanish]] Naciones Unidas<br />[[Af-Faransiis|Faransiis]] Les Nations Unies<br />[[Af-Ruush|Ruush]] Объединенных Наций |linking_name = the United Nations |image_flag = Flag of the United Nations.svg |symbol_type =[[Astaan]] |image_symbol = Emblem of the United Nations.svg |image_map = United Nations (Member States).svg |map_width = 250px |map_caption = Maabka [[xubaha qaramada midoobay]]{{efn|This map does not represent the view of its members or the UN concerning the legal status of any country. The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country nor does it accurately reflect which areas' governments have UN representation. This map shows partially recognized states such as Kosovo or Taiwan as part of their claiming governments (Serbia and China respectively)}} |org_type = Urur Xidhiidhiya Dowladaha |membership = [[xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|193 wadan]]<br />[[2|2 Deegaan]] |admin_center_type = Fadhiga |admin_center = [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay|Xarunta sare]] [[New York]] {{small|([[Deegaan|Deegaanada Caalamiga]])}} |languages_type = [[luuqad|Luuqadaha Dowliga]] |languages = {{hlist|[[Carabi]]|[[Shiinaha|Af Shiine]]|[[Ingiriis]]|[[Faransiiska|Af-Faransiis]]|[[Ruushka|Af-Raashiyan]]|[[Af-Isbaanish]]<ref>[https://www.un.org/en/sections/about-un/official-languages/index.html Official Languages], www.un.org. Retrieved 22 May 2015.</ref>}} |leader_title1 = [[Xoghayaha Guud Qaramada Midoobay|Xoghayaha Guud]] |leader_name1 = [[António Guterres]] (''<nowiki>[[</nowiki>[[Burtuqaal]]<nowiki>]]</nowiki>'') |leader_title2 = Xoghaye Ku Xigeen |leader_name2 = Jan Eliasson (''[[Iswidhan]]'') |leader_title3 = [[Madaxweyne Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay|Madaxwaynaha Golaha Sare]] |leader_name3 = Sam Kutesa (''[[Yugandha]]'') |leader_title4 = Madaxweynaha Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshooyi ka |leader_name4 = Martin Sajdik |leader_title5 = Madaxweynaha Golaha Amniga |leader_name5 = Dato Ramlan Ibrahim |established_event1 =Sharciga Qaramada Midoobay waxa la saxeexay |established_date1 = {{Start date|1945|06|26|df=yes|p=y}} |established_event2 =Dastuurka waxa la howlgaliyey |established_date2 = {{Start date|1945|10|24|df=yes|p=y}} |official_website = {{URL|https://www.un.org/}} }} [[File:UN General Assembly hall.jpg|thumb|Qaramada Midoobay]] {{QM2}} '''Qaramada Midoobay''' ({{lang-en|''The United Nations Organization''}}) sida saxda ah lagu magacaabo ''"[[Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]]"'', waa urur caalami ah oo ka dhexeeya [[wadan|dalalka]] [[aduun]]ka kaasi oo [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay|fadhigiisu]] yahay caasimada [[New York]] cariga [[Maraykanka]]. Ururka Qaramada Midoobay waxa la aasaasay Oktoobar 24, 1945 si loogu badalo ururkii ka horeeyay ee ''"[[Midowga Umadaha]]"'' (League of Nations). Ujeedada iyo hadafka Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu ahaa in uu ka shaqeeyo xidhiidhka wadanada xubnaha ka ah iyo in uu ka hortago dagaal ka qarxa wadanada caalamka. Qaramada Midoobay waxaa lagu bilaabay heshiiska [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|51 wadan]], laakiin sanadii ka dambeeyay ururku wuu balaadhay waxaana maanta xubin ka ah 193 wadan. Qaramada Midoobay waxaa maanta fadhi u ah caasimada [[New York]], wadanka [[Maraykanka]], wuxuuna xafiisyo waawayn ku leeyahay meelo kale oo dunida ah, sida ''Xafiiska Janiifa (Geneva), [[Nayroobi|xafiiska Nayroobi]] iyo xafiiska [[Fiyena]]. Ururka waxaa maalgeliya dhaqaale qiimaysan oo uu ka helo wadanada xubnaha iyo deeq caalami ah oo ka soo gasha wadanada qaar, ganacsato iyo shirkado gaar loo leeyahay. Waxaana ka mid ah hadafka Ururka Qaramada Midoobay inuu ka shaqeeyo nabad caalami ah, amniga, ilaalinta xuquuqda aadamaha, daryeelka bulshooyinka iyo kobcinta dhaqaalaha, ilaalada deegaanka, fidinta gargaarka dagdaga ah ee meelaha ka dhacaan [[abaar]]o, musiibo dabiici ah iyo colaada. Wakhtigii uu socday [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] ayaa madaxweyihii Maraykanka Franklin D. Roosevelt soo jeediyay in la aasaaso urur bedela Midowga Umadaha, waxaana la bilaabay qoritaanka Dastuurka Qaramad Midoobay ka dib markii la galay shirweyne dhacay intii u dhaxaysay Abril–Juun 1945; wuxuuna dastuurkani hirgalay bishii Oktoobar 1945, wakhtigaasi oo Qaramada Midoobay howl biloowday. Hadaba ujeedada iyo jiritaanka Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu shiki galay wakhtiyadii [[Dagaalka Qabow]] socday kaasi oo u dhexeeyay labo awoodood ee Maraykanka iyo Midowgii Soofiyeeti iyo xuladadeeda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee ururku wuxuu kaalin libaax ka qaatey farogalintii "''Dagaalkii Labada Kuuriya"'' iyo ''"Howlgaladii Koongo"''. Xubnaha ururku aad ayay u koreen wixii ka dambeeyay sanadihii1960kii wakhtigaasi oo wadano badan xoriyada qaateen. Wixii ka dambeeyay Dagaalkii Qaboowa Ururka Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu bilaabay inuu talaabo milatari qaado kuwaasi oo isbedel la taaban karo ka gaadhay. Guud ahaan Qaramada Midoobay waxay ka kooban tahay lix waaxood: [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]] (oo ah waaxda maamulka guud gacanta ku heysa); [[GAQM|Golaha Amniga]] (waaxdani waxay go'aamisaa xalka amaanka iyo nabada); [[GDBQM|Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshad]]a (ECOSOC) (waaxdani waxay ku shaqo leedahay dhiirigelinta iyo horumarinta dhaqaalaha caalamka iyo horumarka bulshooyinka); [[GXQM|Golaha Xoghaynta]] (waaxdani waa maamulka iyo soo ururinta akhbaarta iyo macluudka Ururka Qaramada Midoobay u baahan yahay); [[MCC|Maxkamada Cadaalada Caalamiga]] (sidoo kale loo yaqaano ''Maxkamada Aduunka'', waa waaxda u qaabilsan cadaalada); iyo [[Golaha Kalsoonida Qaramada Midoobay|Golaha Kalsoonida]] (United Nations Trusteeship Council) midkaasi oon shaqaynin tan iyo 1994. ==Hordhac== Jimciyada Quruumaha ka Dhaxaysa waxay leedahay [[Hayad khaas|wakiilo badan]] oo ka shaqeeya waxyaabo badan oo kala duwan; kuwaas waxaa kamid ah [[Bankiga Aduunka]] (World Bank Group), [[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]] (World Health Organization), [[Hayada Cuntada Aduunka]] (World Food Programme), [[UNESCO]], iyo [[UNICEF]]. Liiska wakiilada iyo hayadaha Qaramada Midoobay ka fiiri [[Liiska Hayadaha Qaramada Midoobay]]. Sarkaalka ugu sareeya Qaramad Midoobay waa [[Xoghayaha Guud Qaramada Midoobay|Xoghayaha Sare]], waxaana 2007di ilaa hada haya xilkaasi [[Ban Ki-moon]] ee u dhashay wadanka [[Koonfur Kuuriya]]. Sanadkii 2001da Ururka Qaramad Midoobay waxaa la gudoonsiiyay bilad sharafta Abaalmarinta Nabada (Nobel Peace Prize). ==Taariikh== {{Main|Taariikhda Qaramada Midoobay}} [[File:United Nations member countries world map.PNG|thumb|upright=4|center|alt=A map of the world with countries displayed in colours corresponding to the dates the countries joined the United Nations. Countries not involved with the United Nations are shown in grey.|Maabka Aduunka oo lagu muujiyay wadanada iyo wakhtiga ay ku biireen Qaramada Midoobay]] '''Taariikhda [[Qaramada Midoobay]]''' waxay ka soo bilaabantaa [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]]. Wakhtigaas wixii ka dambeeyay xubnaha iyo shaqada ururku wuu balaadhay waxayna maanta gaadhay dhamaan caalamka oo dhan, ayada oo qarniga 21aad noqotey meel kulmisa dhamaan madaxda aduunka. Sida taariikhda lagu hayo hindisaha iyo magaca ''Qaramada Midoobay'' waxaa horaantii iska lahaa madaxweynihii wadanka [[Maraykanka]] Franklin Roosevelt wakhtigaasi oo uu rabay in lagu magacaabo xulafadii Isbaahaysiga.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.wordorigins.org/wordoru.htm |access-date=2006-09-27 |archive-date=2006-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927143158/http://www.wordorigins.org/wordoru.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Fikradaasi waxaa ku raacay Ra'iisal wasaarihii [[UK|Boqortooyada Biritayn]] kaasi oo socdaal shaqo ku joogay cariga Maraykanka wakhtigaasi 1941. Si kastaba ha ahaatee sanadihii xigay waxaa ereyga Qaramada Midoobay aad u isticmaalayay xulafadii isbaahaysiga ee dagaalka kula jirtey [[Jarmalka|awoodi Nazi-ga]]. [[File:UnitedNations.gif|thumb|alt=A black and white motion picture of some men signing papers on a desk in the center of a huge decorated room.|Aasaasitaankii [[Qaramada Midoobay]]]] ===Ku Dhawaaqida QM (1942)=== Qorsheeyntii dhisitaanka ururka wuxuu bilaabmey wakhti ka horeeyay Dagaalkii Labaad taasi oo la aaminsan yahay in [[USA|Waaxda Siyaasada Maraykanka]] (US State Department) bilowday qorsheeynta arimaha ururka sanadkii 1939.<ref>Townsend Hoopes and Douglas Brinkley, ''FDR and the Creation of the U.N.'' (1997) pp 1-55</ref> Maqaalkii ugu horeeyay ee ku dhawaaqida Qaramada Midoobay waxaa si wada jir ah u diyaariyay 29 Diisamber 1941 madaxweynihii Maraykanka Franklin D. Roosevelt, ra'isul-wasaaraha Boqortooyada Biritatn Winston Churchill, gacanyarahii Roosevelt Harry Hopkins, kuwaasi oo wakhtigaas ku sugnaa Aqalka Cad ee Maraykanka. Madaxweyne Roosevelt wakhtigaasi wuxuu Qaramada Midoobay ku tilmaamayay Xulafadii Isbaaheysiga Dagaalkii Labaad (Allies of World War II). Fikradan waxaa markiiba ku raacay raisal wasaarihii Boqortooyada Britayn kaasi oo isla markiiba ka hirgeliyay wadankiisa. [[File:Early United Nations official's passport from WW2 - working for UNRRA 1944.jpg|thumb|Baasaboodhkii ugu horeeyay ee Qaramada Midoobay la daabacay 1944]] Qiyaastii 1–2 Janaayo 1942, ayaa lagu dhawaaqay Qaramada Midoobay wakhtigaasi ooy saxeexeen sharciga ururkaas ilaa 26 wadan.<ref>David Roll, ''The Hopkins Touch: Harry Hopkins and the Forging of the Alliance to Defeat Hitler'' (2013) pp 172-75</ref><ref>Robert E. Sherwood, ''Roosevelt and Hopkins, An Intimate History'' (1948) pp 447-53</ref> Badhtamigii 1945kii waxaa heshiiska saxeexay 21 wadan oo kale kuwaasi oo sii xoojijiyay hanoqaadkii ururka.<ref>{{cite book|author=Edmund Jan Osmańczyk|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: T to Z|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=6AB2CadyN7QC&pg=PA2445|year=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=2445}}</ref> Heshiskaasi wuxuu ku bilaabmayay sidan: {{Quote box | quote = Waxaan ku dhawaaqaynaa iskuxidhka iyo midnimada Maraykanka, Boqortooyada Biritayn oo la socoto Waqooyiga Ireland, Midowga Soofiyeeti, Shiinaha, Ustareeliya, Biljamka, Kanada, Koosta Riika, Kuuba, Jekoslafaakiya, Jamhuuriyada Doominika, El Saafadoor, Giriiga, Guatemala, Hayti, Honduras, Hindiya, Lugsemburg, Nederland, New Siiland, Nikaraaguwa, Norway, Banama, Boland, Koonfur Afrika, Yugoslaafiya. . . . | source = | align = center | width = 55% | border = none | fontsize = 120% | author = ''Saxeexa dowladaha ayaa hoosta kaga qornaa maqaalkaasi.'' }} Hadaba wakhtiyadii uu socday Dagaalkii Labaad waxaa caan noqotey isticmaalka Qaramada Midoobay taasi oo laga waday Xulafada Wadanada Isbaahaystay ee kor ku soo xusnay. Marka wadan rabo inuu ururkaas Qaramada Midoobay ky biiro waxaa shardi ahayd inuu saxeexo heshiiska isla markaana dagaal ku dhawaaqo Isbaahaysigii Nasiga (Axis).<ref>Stephen C. Schlesinger, ''Act of creation: The founding of the United Nations: A story of superpowers, secret agents, wartime allies and enemies, and their quest for a peaceful world'' (2003)</ref> ===Qorshaynti QM=== Fikrada ah in ururka Qaramada Midoobay noqdo mid caalamka dhan ka dhexeeya waxay bilaabantey Shirkii Moosko ee 1943dii iyo Shirkii Tehraan ee isla sanadkaasi. Shir dhacay bishii Agoosto ilaa Oktoobar 1944kii ayaa wadanada [[Shiinaha]], [[UK|Boqortooyada Biritayn]], iyo [[Ruushka|Midowgii Soofiyeeti]], oo ku kulmay caasimada Washington, D.C ayaa waxay ku soo saareen in ururka Qaramada Midoobay laga dhigo mid caalami ah oo u dhaxeeya wadanada aduunka dhamaantood. Is-aragyo kale iyo hadalo badan ka dib waxaa la isku raacay cida xubin ka noqon karta ururka iyo shaqooyinka uu qaban doono kuwaasi ooy ka mid ahaayeen inuu ilaaliyo nabada guud ee caalamka, horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo xidhiidhka bulshooyinka caalamka.<ref>http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/history/dumbarton_yalta.shtml</ref><ref>Robert C. Hilderbrand, ''Dumbarton Oaks: The Origins of the United Nations and the Search for Postwar Security'' (UNC Press, 2001)</ref> ===Aasaasitaanka QM=== [[File:United Nations Member States-1945.png|thumb|500px|Qaramada Midoobay 1945. Wadanada buluuga khafiifka ah waa kuwii ururka bilaabay. Kuwa buluuga jaamudka ah waa wadanada la ilaalinayay iyo la gumaysanayay]] Markeey taariikhdu ahayd Abriil 25, 1945, waxaa magaalada [[San Fransisko]] ka bilaabmay Shirkii Caalamiga ee Qaramada Midoobay halkaasi ooy ku kulmeen wadano gaadhay 50 dal iyo tiro badan oo ururo caalami ah. Hadaba 26 Juun, labo bilood ka dib markii shirka la bilaabay, ayaa 50kii wadan dhamaantood saxeexeen [[Dastuurka Qaramada Midoobay]]. Ka dib markii ay dib u eegis ku sameeyeen wadanada Shiinaha, Midowga Soofiyeeti, Boqortooyada Biritayn, Maraykanka iyo tiro kale oo wadano ah ayaa 24 Oktoobar 1945, waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhawaaqay jiritaanka '''[[Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]]'''.<ref>http://www.un.org/aboutun/sanfrancisco/history.html The 60th Anniversary of the San Francisco Conference</ref> Hoos waxaa ku qoran taariikhda wadanada xubinta ka ah Qaramada Midoobay ay soo gudbiyeen warqadii ogolaanshaha ururka:<ref>http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/unms/founders.shtml</ref> * [[Ameerika]] / [[Maraykanka]] - 8 Aug 1945 * [[Faransiiska]] - 31 Aug 1945 * [[Dominica]] Rep. - 4 Sep 1945 * [[Nicaragua]] - 6 Sep 1945 * [[New Zealand]] - 19 Sep 1945 * [[Brazil]] - 21 Sep 1945 * [[Argentina]] - 24 Sep 1945 * [[El Salvador]] - 26 Sep 1945 * [[Haiti]] - 27 Sep 1945 * [[China]] - 28 Sep 1945 * [[Turkey]] - 28 Sep 1945 * [[Denmark]] - 9 October 1945 * [[Chile]] - 11 Oct 1945 * [[Philippines]] - 11 Oct 1945 * [[Paraguay]] - 12 Oct 1945 * [[Cuba]] - 15 Oct 1945 * [[Lebanon]] - 15 Oct 1945 * [[Iran]] - 16 Oct 1945 * [[Luxembourg]] - 17 Oct 1945 * [[Saudi Arabia]] - 18 Oct 1945 * [[Czechoslovakia]] - 19 Oct 1945 * [[Syria]] - 19 Oct 1945 * [[Yugoslavia]] - 19 Oct 1945 * [[United Kingdom]] - 20 Oct 1945 * [[Egypt]] Rep.- 22 Oct 1945 * [[Belarussia]] - 24 Oct 1945 * [[Poland]] - 24 Oct 1945 * [[Ukraine]] - 24 Oct 1945 * [[Midowga Soofiyeeti]] - 24 Oct 1945 * [[Greece]] - 25 Oct 1945 * [[India]] Rep. - 30 Oct 1945 * [[Peru]] - 31 Oct 1945 * [[Australia]] - 1 Nov 1945 * [[Costa Rica]] - 2 Nov 1945 * [[Liberia]] - 2 Nov 1945 * [[Colombia]] - 5 Nov 1945 * [[Mexico]] - 7 Nov 1945 * [[South Africa]] - 7 Nov 1945 * [[Canada]] - 9 Nov 1945 * [[Ethiopia]] - 13 Nov 1945 * [[Panama]] - 13 Nov 1945 * [[Bolivia]] - 14 Nov 1945 * [[Venezuela]] - 15 Nov 1945 * [[Honduras]] - 17 Nov 1945 * [[Guatemala]] - 21 Nov 1945 * [[Norway]] - 27 Nov 1945 * [[Netherlands]] - 10 Dec 1945 * [[Uruguay]] - 18 Dec 1945 * [[Ecuador]] - 21 Dec 1945 * [[Iraq]] - 21 Dec 1945 * [[Belgium]] - 27 Dec 1945 Shirkii ugu horeeyay ee [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]] wuxuu qabsoomay 10 Janaayo 1946 magaalada [[London]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History of the United Nations 1941 - 1950|url=http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/history/1941-1950.shtml|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=12 March 2015}}</ref> Sidoo kale waxaa ayaguna kulankii ugu horeeyay yeeshay [[GAQM|Golaha Amniga]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.un.org/en/sc/about/ |title=What is the Security Council? |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=12 March 2015}}</ref> Ururkii [Midowga Wadanada]] wuxuu si sharci ah u baaba'ay 18 Abril 1946 waxaana hadafkii iyo mashaariicdiisii lagu wareejiyay Qaramada Midoobay. ===Shaqada=== Ururka Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu qabtey hoowlo aad u balaadhan; kuwaasi waxaa ugu muhiimsan horumarinta xidhiidhka bulshooyinka, daryeelida [[xuquuqda Aadamaha]], horumarinta dhaqaalaha, dabargoynta gumeysiga, [[caafimaad]]ka iyo [[waxbarasho|waxbarashasa]], daryeelka [[qoxooti]]ga iyo [[ganacsi]]ga. Rajada ugu wayn ee laga aaminsan yahay Qaramada Midoobay waa ineey baajiso (joojiso) inuu dhaco daagaal wayn (dagaalka sadexaad), kaasi oo baabi'in kara dadka iyo duunyada caalamka. ==Fadhiga iyo Xafiisyada== ::''Sidoo kale fiiri [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] [[File:United Nations Headquarters in New York City, view from Roosevelt Island.jpg|thumb|Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] sidoo kale '''Fadhiga Qaramada Midoobay''' waa dhisme aad u wayn oo ku yaala caasimada [[New York]] wadanka [[Maraykanka]]. ===Xarumaha QM=== [[File:United Nations HQ - New York City.jpg|thumb|alt=Two skyscraper buildings on the bank of a river.|Xarunta sare Qaramada Midoobay [[New York]]]][[File:Vereinte Nationen in Wien.jpg|alt=Huge complex of skyscrapers and other large buildings interlaced with trees and gardens. The surrounding area as far as the horizon is filled with trees and large rivers. In the foreground a crane and small building site show that a new construction is underway.|thumb|Dhismaha QM magaalada Fiyeena]] Badhtamihii Diisambar 1945, ayaa Golaha Guurtida Maraykanka iyo Aqalka Wakiiladu u codeeyeen in Ururuka Qaramada Midoobay laga codsado ineey [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay|Xarunta Sare]] ka dhisato wadanka [[Maraykanka]]. Arintaasi way aqbashay Qaramada Midoobay, waxayna deegaan ka salaxatay bariga caasimada [[New York]] halkaasi oo ay ku iibsatey lacag dhan [[dollar|US $8.5 milyan]] oo ahayd lacag deeq ah. Dhismaha oo socday labo sano (1949 ilaa 1950) waxaa la furay [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] Janaayo 9, 1951, inkastoo la dhamaystiray dhismaha bishii Oktoobar 9, 1952.<ref>http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10813F7385E177B93C2A8178BD95F468585F9</ref> Inkastoo xarunta ugu muhiimsan ku taalo caasimada [[New York]], ururku wuxuu xafiisyo waaweyn ku leeyahay Jeniifa, Heeg, Fiyeena, [[Nayroobi]] iyo meelo kale oo badan. ==Xubnaha== ::''Sidoo kale fiiri [[Wadanada Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay]] [[File:United Nations (Member States and Territories).svg|alt=A political map of the world with all territories shaded blue to denote United Nations membership, except Antarctica, the Palestinian territories, the Vatican, and Western Sahara, which are grey|thumb|370px|Maabka wadanada xubinta ka ah Qaramada Midoobay iyo wadanada QM u aqoonsan tahay wadan (midabka buluuga<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/world.pdf| title=The World| publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Waxaa jira deegaano Qaramada Midoobay aqoonsi siinin isla markaana faraha kula jirto maamulkooda ama korka kala socoto. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah: Caasimada Fatikan, [[Falastiin|Deegaanada Falastiin]], Galbeedka Saxaraha, iyo [[Antarktika]].]] [[File:Palais des Nations (Geneve).JPG|thumb|Calamaanta wadanaxa xubinta ka ah QM.]] Waxaa jira [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|193 Wadan oo xubin ka ah]] [[QM|Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]] kuwaasi oo mid kasta xubin ka yahay [[Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/unms/whatisms.shtml| title=What are Member States?| publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Ka mid noqoshada Qaramada Midoobay waxaa si fiican u sharaxaya Qodobka 4aad ee [[Dastuurka Qaramada Midoobay]]:<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter2.shtml| title=Charter of the United Nations, Chapter II: Membership| publisher=United Nations}}</ref> # Ka mid noqoshada [[Qaramada Midoobay]] waa mid u furan dhamaan dowladaha jecel nabada marka laga reebo kuwa uu dasturku ka reebay, ayadoo la tixraacayo xukunka ururka. # Codsiga ka mid noqoshada Qaramada Midoobay waxaa go'aan ka gaadhi kara [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]] oo la tashanaya [[GAQM|Golaha Amniga]]. Warbixin taageero leh oo ka timaada Golaha Amnigu waxay u baahan tahay in xubnaha golahaasi codeeyaan taasi oo ugu yaraan sagaal xubnood ogolaansho bixiyaan; kuwaasi oo aanay ku jirin Shanta Xubin ee joogtada ah. Ka dib, ogolaanshaha Golaha Amniga waa ineey ansixiyaan Golaha Sare, kuwaasi oo ugu yaraan labo meelood sadex meelood (2/3) codeeyaan ogolaansho.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.un.org/en/members/about.shtml| title=About UN Membership| publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Sida saxda ah waxaa Qaramada Midoobay xubin ka noqon kara wadanada xorta ah oo kaliya, maantana dhamaan xubnuhu waa kuwo madax banaan.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Toeplar|first1=Stefan|title=International Encyclopedia of Civil Society|date=2009|page=114}}</ref> ===Xubnihii Lagu Bilaabay=== [[File:UN Member Countries World.svg|thumb|370px|Maabka wadanada hada xubinta ka ah QM iyo taariikhd ku soo biireen.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.un.org/en/members/growth.shtml| title=Growth in United Nations membership, 1945–present| publisher=United Nations}}</ref> {{legend|#5B92E5|1945 (xubnihii ugu horeeyay)}} {{legend|#008080|1946–1959}} {{legend|#00A24F|1960–1989}} {{legend|#346733|1990–wakhti xaadirkan (hada)}} {{legend|#FDE910|wadanada aan xubinta ahayn}}]] Taariikh ahaan Qaramada Midoobay waxaa la aasaasay 24 Oktobat 1945 ka dib markii shanta Wadax ee Xubinta joogtada ah isku afgarteen Dastuurka Qaramada Midoobay. Wadanadaasi aasaaska ka qeyb qaatay waxay kala yihiin [[Shiinaha]], [[Faransiiska]], [[Ruushka]], [[UK|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]], iyo [[Maraykanka]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.un.org/aboutun/unhistory/| title=History of the United Nations| publisher=United Nations}}</ref> ==Waaxyaha Qaramada Midoobay== Ururka Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu leeyahay qeeybo, waaxyo, goleyaal, xubno, wakiilo, gudi iyo ururo aad u badan. Marka la soo ururiyo qeeybaha ugu sareeya ururku waa lix waaxood kuwaasi oo qabta shaqooyin kala duwan, isla markaana maamulo dhamaan xubnaha, wakiilada, barnaamijyada, haayadaha, ururada hoos yimaada Qaramada Midoobay. Kuwaasi oo kala ah: [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]]; (t) [[GAQM|Golaha Amniga]]; (j) [[GDBQM|Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada]]; (x) [[Golaha Kalsoonida Qaramada Midoobay|Golaha Kalsoonida]] (waaxdani ma shaqeeyso hada); (kh) [[MCC|Maxkamada Cadaalada Caalamiga]]; iyo (d) [[GXQM|Golaha Xoghaynta]].<ref>Qeybaha Qaramada Midoobay{{cite web|title=Main Organs|url=http://www.un.org/en/sections/about-un/main-organs/index.html|website=United Nations|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=9 April 2015}}</ref> ===Golaha Sare=== [[File:UN General Assembly hall.jpg|thumb|Hoolka Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay [[Xarunta Qaramada Midoobay|Xarunta Sare QM]], [[New York]]]] {| class="infobox" style="width:22em" ! Xubinimada iyo Ka Qeybqaadashada |- |Labo qoraal oo sharaxaya xubinimada iyo ka qeyb qaadashada shaqada Golaha Sare, fiiri: * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubanaha Golaha Sare]] * [[Xubnaha Ilaalada Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay|Ilaalada Golaha Sare]] |} [[Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] ({{lang-en|''United Nations General Assembly''}}; {{lang-ar|الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة}}) (sida badan loo soo gaabiyo ''UNGA'' ama ''GA'') waa xubin ka mid ah [[UN#Xubin|Lixda Xubnood Qaramada Midoobay]] iyo meesha kali ah ee dhamaan xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay ku leeyihiin wakiilo (dad matala). Golahani wuxuu awood u leeyahay inuu xaqiijiyo kharashka ku shaqeeyso Qaramada Midoobay, u magaaco xubin aan joogto ahayn [[Golaha Amniga Qaramada Midoobay]], ka helo warbixin dhamaan xubnaha, wakiilada, hayadaha iyo ururada Qaramada Midoobay isla markaana amar iyo talobixin siiyo ururadaasi.<ref>[http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/chapter4.htm CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS: Chapter IV]. UN.org.</ref> ===Golaha Amniga=== [[File:UN-Sicherheitsrat - UN Security Council - New York City - 2014 01 06.jpg|thumb|Qolka Golaha Amniga]] [[Golaha Amniga Qaramada Midoobay]] ({{lang-en|''United Nations Security Council''}}, loo soo gaabiyo: ('''UNSC'''); {{lang-ar|مجلس أمن الأمم المتحدة}}) waa xubin ka mid ah [[UN#Xubin|lixda xubin ugu sareeysa]] [[UNO|Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]] iyo waaxda masuulka ka ah '''amniga iyo nabada caalami''' ee [[aduun]]ka, iyo xubinta u qaabilsan aqbalitaanka ka mid noqoshada [[Jimciyada Quruumaha Ka Dhaxaysa]]. Sidoo kale Golaha Amnigu wuxuu u qaabilsan yahay inuu socodsiiyo, fuliyo [[Sharciga Qaramada Midoobay]]. ==Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada== [[File:United Nations Economic and Social Council chamber New York City 2.JPG|thumb|Fadhiga Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada QM. [[Xarunta Qaramada Midoobay]], [[New York]]]] [[File:Economic and Social Council Resolution 2007-25.pdf|thumb|200px|Qaraarkii ECOSOC 2007/25: ku taageeraysay talaaboyinka dowladaha madaxa banaan.]] [[Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada Qaramada Midoobay]] ({{lang-en|''United Nations Economic and Social Council''}}; {{lang-ar|المجلس الاقتصادي والاجتماعي للأمم المتحدة}}) (loo soo gaabiyo: '''ECOSOC''') waa xubin ka mid ah [[UN#Xubin|lixda xubin ugu sareeysa]] [[UNO|Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]]. Sidoo kale hayadani waxay ka masuul tagay iskuxidhka iyo maamulida dhaqaalaha, bulshada iyo wixii la xidhiidha ee 14 hay'ado wakiilo khaas u ah Qaramada Midoobay. Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu leeyahay 54 xubnood; kuwaasi oo yeesha hal kulan oo afar todobaad ah bisha Luuliyo halmar sanadkii si ay ugu arimiyaan howlaga loo igmaday. ===Golaha Kalsoonida=== [[File:United Nations Trusteeship Council chamber in New York City 2.JPG|thumb|fadhiga Golaha Kalsoonida]] [[File:Decolonization - World In 1945 en.svg|thumb|Dunida sanadkii 1945, xubnaha Golaha Kalsoonida QM waa midabka cagaaran.]] [[File:Decolonization - World Today en.svg|thumb|Dunida sanadka 2010, ma lahan ddeegaano leh Golaha Kalsoonida]] [[Golaha Kalsoonida Qaramada Midoobay]] ({{lang-en|''United Nations Trusteeship Council''}}, loo soo gaabiyo: ('''UNTC'''); {{lang-ar|مجلس الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة}}) waa xubin ka mid ah [[QM#Xubin|xubnaha ugu muhiimsan]] [[Qaramada Midoobay]] taasi oo loo sameeyay si ay u caawiso maamulka iyo gacan ku haynta [[UN|deegaanada lagu aaminay Qaramada Midoobay]]. Sidoo kale ula jeedada ururku wuxuu ahaa inuu gacan ka geysto maamulida deegaanada aan weli madaxbanaanida qaadan isla markaana hoostegin wadanadii [[gumeysi|gumeystaha]], iyo inuu ilaaliyo xidhiidhka iyo nabada caalamiga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] wixii ka dambeeyay waxaa deegaano badan noqdeen wadano xor ah taasi oo meesha ka saartey farogelintii iyo maamulkii Golaha Kalsoonida Qaramada Midoobay. ===Golaha Maxkamada Cadaalada=== [[File:International Court of Justice.jpg|thumb|Fadhiga Maxkamada Aduunka]] [[Maxkamada Cadaalada Caalamka]] ({{lang-en|''International Court of Justice''}}, loo soo gaabiyo: ('''ICJ'''); {{lang-ar|محكمة العدل الدولية}}) (sida caadiga ah loo yaqaano ''"Maxkamada Aduunka"'') waa waaxda koowaad QM|cadaalada Qaramada Midoobay]] taasi oo fadhigeedu yahay ''Dhismaha Nabada'' [[Heeg]] wadanka [[Holland]]. Shaqada ugu horeeysa ee hayadani waa ineey xaliso muranka xadadka iyo ilaaliso heshiisyada dhulka ee wadanada xubinta ka ah hayadani. Sidoo kale waxay talobixin siisaa [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]], [[QM|hayadaha Qaramada Midoobay]] iyo wixii soo hoosgala. ===Xoghaynta=== [[File:Ban Ki-moon April 2015.jpg|thumb|Xoghayaha hada jooga xafiiska mudane Ban ki moon.!!'?]] [[Golaha Xoghaynta Qaramada Midoobay]] ({{lang-en|United Nations Secretariat}}; {{lang-ar|الأمانة العامة لهيئة الأمم المتحدة}}) waa xubin ka mid ah [[QM|lixda waaxood ugu muhiimsan]] Qaramada Midoobay.<ref>Xoghayaha Qaramada Midoobay{{cite web|title=UN Secretariat|url=http://www.un.org/en/sections/about-un/secretariat/index.html|website=United Nations|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=9 April 2015}}</ref> Hadaba Golaha Xoghayntu waa waaxda talogoynta Ururka Qaramada Midoobay. Golaha Xoghayntu waxaa horsocda [[Xoghayaha Guud Qaramada Midoobay|Xoghayaha Guud]] kaasi oo qabta shaqo aad u muhiim ah, sida go'aan goynta, diyaarinta qorshooyinka ururka iyo isku xidhka dhamaan waaxyaha Qaramada Midoobay. [[Xoghayaha Guud Qaramada Midoobay|Jagada Xoghayaha Guud]] waa hogaanka sare ee Golaha Xoghaynta Qaramada Midoobay, qeyb ka mid ah xubnaha ugu muhiimsan [[Qaramada Midoobay]]. Sidoo kale Xogahaya Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay waa afhayeenka iyo hogaanka guud ee Qaramada Midoobay. Wakhti xaadirkan waxaa Xoghaye Guud ka ah Qaramada Midoobay [[Ban Ki-moon]] oo u dhashay wadanka [[Koonfur Kuuriya]], kaasi oo xafiiska ku wareegay horaantii bishii Janaayo 2007. Jaale Banki Moon wuxuu xilku ka dhamaaday 31 Diisambar 2011, waxaana si muran la'aan au dib loogu doortay mar labaad 21 June 2011.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-13868655 |title=Ban Ki-moon wins second-term as UN Secretary General |publisher=BBC News |date=21 June 2011}}</ref> Guud ahaan Ururka Qaramada Midoobay waxaa soo maray [[Liiska Xoghaye Qaramada Midoobay|sideed xoghaye]] oo ka soo jeeda [[qaarad]]o kala duwan ee caalamka. ====Liiska Xoghayaha Talada Soo Qabtey==== * [[Trygve Lie]] ([[Norwey]]) [[Febraayo]] 1946ii ilaa waqtiga oo is casilay 10 [[Nofeembar]] 1952. * [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] [[Iswiidhan]] 10 [[Abriil]] 1953ii ilaa waqtiga oo xafiiskiisa ku dhintay, 18 [[Sebteembar]] 1961. * [[U Thant]] [[Burma]] 30 [[Nofeembar]] 1961ii ilaa 1 January 1972. * [[Kurt Waldheim]] [[Austriya]] 1 January 1972 ilaa 1 January 1982 * [[Javier Pérez de Cuéllar]] [[Peru]] 1 [[Janaayo]] 1982ii ilaa 1 [[Janaayo]] 1992ii. * [[Boutros Boutros-Gali]] [[Masar]] 1 [[Janaayo]] 1992 ilaa 1 January 1997. * [[Kofi Annan]] [[Ghana]] 1 [[Janaayo]] 1997ii ilaa 1 Janaayo 2007. * [[Ban Ki-moon]] [[Koonfur Kuuriya]] 1 janaayo 2007ii wali ===Madax Kale=== [[Madaxweyne Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay|Madaxweynaha Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] waa jago (boos) loo codeeyo qofka noqonaya madaxa sare ee [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]] ee [[Qaramada Midoobay]] taasi oo dhacda halmar sanad kasta. Madaxweynaha la doorto wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa arimaha Golaha Sare oo kali ah. Wakhti xaadirkan (2015) waxaa madaxweyne u ah Golaha Sare '''Mogens Lykketoft''' oo dhashay wadanka [[Denmark]]. Mudane Lykketoft wuxuu ku soo baxay kalafadhigii codaynta madaxnimo ee 71aad, waxaana xafiiska lagu wareejiyay 15 Sebteember, 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/xinhua-news-agency/141128/danish-parliament-speaker-head-un-general-assembly|title=Danish parliament speaker to head UN General Assembly|publisher=Global Post|accessdate=December 17, 2014|date=November 29, 2014|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218011106/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/xinhua-news-agency/141128/danish-parliament-speaker-head-un-general-assembly|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.un.org/en/ga/president/68/news/6232014_speaker_denmark.shtml |title=President Ashe meets with H.E. Mr. Mogens Lykketoft, Speaker of the Parliament of Denmark |publisher=Un.org |accessdate=December 18, 2014|date=June 23, 2014}}</ref> ===Hay'adaha iyo Wakaaladaha=== ::''Sidoo kale fiiri [[Liiska Hayadaha Qaramada Midoobay]] Wakiilada Khaaska sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''[[hayad khaas|Hay'ad Khaas]]''' waa ururo wakiil iskeed isku maamusha kuwaasi oo hoostaga [[Qaramada Midoobay]] iyo midba kooxda ay ku xidhan tahay ee dhaqaale iyo saamiyad la wadaagto iyo shaqo intaba. Inta ugu badan hayadaha u adeega Qaramada Midoobay waxay si toos ah ama dadban u hoostegaa xafiiska [[GDBQM|Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada Qaramada Midoobay]] halkaasi oo ay warbixin siiyaan ama ka warqaataan Xoghayaha Guud ee Waaxda Iskuxidhka.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Nations System|url=http://www.un.org/aboutun/chart_en.pdf}}</ref> Wakiilada khaaska ah waxay iskugu jiraan kuwo ay abuurtey Qaramada Midoobay iyo kuwo ururo kale sameeyeen laakiin waxay dhamaan ku shaqeeyaan nidaamka Qaramada Midoobay kaasi oo saldhig u yahay [[Dastuurka Qaramada Midoobay]]. Wakhti xaadirkan (2015) guud ahaan waxay Qaramada Midoobay leedahay 15 haayadood<ref>[http://legal.un.org/repertory/art17/english/rep_supp10_vol2_art17_3_e_advance.pdf REPERTORY OF PRACTICE OF UNITED NATIONS ORGANSSUPPLEMENT No. 10 (2000-2009) - ARTICLE; [[United Nations]]]</ref><ref>Eckart Klein: ''United Nations, Specialized Agencies'', para.9. In: [http://www.mpepil.com Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law].</ref> khaas ah kuwaasi oo qabta shaqooyin kala duwan ayagoo matalata Qaramada Midoobay. Hadaba 15ka wakiil khaaska ahi waa kuwan:<ref>[http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/structure/index.shtml UN structure and organization, Specialized Agencies]</ref> ===Wakiilada QM iyo Ururo La Xidhiidha=== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left" ! Tiro ! Astaan ! Magaca ! Loo soo gaabiyo ! Xarun sare ! La Aasaasay ! Wadanada Xubnaha ! Maabka iyo Tixraac |- | - | [[File:Emblem of the United Nations.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]] || QM, UN || Maraykanka, New York || 1945 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:United Nations membership of Sovereign States.png|100px]] [http://www.un.org/en/members/index.shtml] |- style="background:Lightgrey;" |colspan="10" align=center|Wakiilada Khaaska |- | 01. | [[File:FAO logo.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Cuntada iyo Dalaga]] || FAO, UCD || Talyaaniga, Roma || 1945 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:FAO members and observers.png|100px]] [http://www.fao.org/unfao/govbodies/membernations_reg_en.asp] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fao.org/unfao/govbodies/membernations_reg_en.asp |date=20110308165510 }} |- | 02. | [[File:Flag of ICAO.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Adeega Duulista Caalamiga]] || ICAO || Kanada, Montreal || 1947 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] || [[File:ICAO.png|100px]] [http://www.icao.int/icao/en/members.htm] |- | 03. | || [[Kharashka Horumarinta Beeraha Caalamka]] || IFAD || Talyaaniga, Rome || 1977 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:IFAD.png|100px]] [http://www.ifad.org/governance/ifad/ms.htm] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ifad.org/governance/ifad/ms.htm |date=20130803225339 }} |- | 04. | [[File:Flag of ILO.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Shaqaalaha Aduunka]] || ILO || Switzerland, Jeniifa || 1919 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:International Labour Organization.png|100px]] [http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/country.htm] |- | 05. | [[File:Flag of the International Maritime Organization.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Badaha Aduunka]] || IMO, UBA || UK, London || 1959 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:IMO Participation.svg|100px]] [http://www.imo.org/about/mainframe.asp?topic_id=315] {{Wayback|url=http://www.imo.org/about/mainframe.asp?topic_id=315 |date=20100706013451 }} |- | 06. | || [[Ururka Sicirka Lacagta Caalamka]]|| IMF || Maraykanka, Washington, D.C. || 1945 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] || [[File:International Monetary Fund.png|100px]] [http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.htm] |- | 07. | || [[Midowga Isgaarsiinta Caalamiga]] || ITU || Switzerland, Jeniifa || 1865 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:Member states of the International Telecommunication Union.png|100px]] [http://www.itu.int/cgi-bin/htsh/mm/scripts/mm.list?_search=ITUstates&_languageid=1] |- | 08. | [[File:Flag of UNESCO.svg|50px]] || [[UNESCO|Ururka Waxbarashada, Sayniska iyo Dhaqanka]] || UNESCO || Faransiiska, Baaris || 1946 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:UNESCO member states.png|100px]] [http://erc.unesco.org/portal/UNESCOMemberStates.asp?language=en] {{Wayback|url=http://erc.unesco.org/portal/UNESCOMemberStates.asp?language=en |date=20120722105404 }} |- | 09. ||| [[Machadka Cilmibaadhista Cadaada iyo Dabagalka Dambiyada]] || UNIDO || Usteeriya, Fiyenna || 1985 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:UNIDO.png|100px]] [http://www.unido.org/index.php?id=o3359] |- | 10. | [[File:Flag of UPU.svg|50px]] || [[Midoowga Adeega Boostada Caalamka]] || UPU || Switzerland, Bern || 1874 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:Universal Postal Union membership.png|100px]] [http://www.upu.int/en/the-upu/member-countries.html] {{Wayback|url=http://www.upu.int/en/the-upu/member-countries.html |date=20190321182115 }} |- | 11. | [[File:World Bank logo.svg|50px]] || [[Bankiga Aduunka]] || WBG || USA, Washington, D.C. || 1945 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:World Bank Group.png|100px]] [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/ORGANIZATION/BODEXT/0,,contentMDK:20122871~menuPK:64020025~pagePK:64020054~piPK:64020408~theSitePK:278036~isCURL:Y,00.html] {{Wayback|url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/ORGANIZATION/BODEXT/0,,contentMDK:20122871~menuPK:64020025~pagePK:64020054~piPK:64020408~theSitePK:278036~isCURL:Y,00.html |date=20121009131218 }} |- | 12. | [[File:Flag of WHO.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]] || WHO || Switzerland, Jeniifa || 1948 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:World Health Organization membership status map.png|100px]] [http://www.who.int/countries/en/] |- | 13. | <!-- Do NOT place non-free content here, per WP:NFTABLE --> || [[Ururka Goaanka Mulkiyada Aduunka]] || WIPO || Switzerland, Geneva || 1967 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) members world map.png|100px]] [http://www.wipo.int/members/en/] |- | 14. | [[File:Flag of the World Meteorological Organization.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Saadaasha Hawada Aduunka]] || WMO || Switzerland, Geneva || 1950 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:World Meteorological Organization (WMO) members - states and territories.png|100px]] [http://www.wmo.int/pages/members/membership/index_en.html] |- | 15. | <!-- Do NOT place non-free content here, per WP:NFTABLE --> || [[Ururka Dalxiiska Dunida]] || UNWTO || Isbayn, Madrid || 1974 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:UNWTO.png|100px]] [http://www.unwto.org/states/index.php] {{Wayback|url=http://www.unwto.org/states/index.php |date=20070715221037 }} |- style="background:Lightgrey;" |colspan="10" align=center|Ururo Kale La Xidhiidha |- | 16. | ||[[Ururka Diyaarinta Mamnuucida Tijaabinta Nukliyeerka]]|| CTBTO Prep Com || Usteriya, Vienna || 1996 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:CTBT Participation.svg|100px]] [http://www.ctbto.org/the-treaty/status-of-signature-and-ratification/] |- | 17. | [[File:Flag of IAEA.svg|50px]] || [[Wakaalada Awooda Atomik Aduunka]] || IAEA || Austria, Vienna || 1957 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:IAEA member states.svg|100px]] [http://www.iaea.org/About/Policy/MemberStates/] |- | 18. | || [[Ururka Mamnuucida Hubka Kimiko]] || OPCW || Holland, Heeg || 1997 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:CWC Participation.svg|100px]] [http://www.opcw.org/about-opcw/member-states/] |- | 19. | <!-- Do NOT place non-free content here, per WP:NFTABLE --> || [[Ururka Ganacsiga Aduunka]] || WTO || Switzerland, Jeniifa || 1995 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:WTO members and observers.svg|100px]] [http://www.wto.int/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wto.int/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm |date=20120105135547 }} |} ==Qoraalo La Xidhiidha== *[[ICAO]] *[[UNESCO]] *[[UNICEF]] *[[Bankiga Aduunka]] *[[Hayada Cuntada Aduunka]] *[[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]] {{Commons|United Nations}} *[[Maalinta Xusuusta Holocaust ee Caalamiga]] *[[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Maalinta Xusuusta Holocaust ee Caalamiga]] {{Commons|United Nations}} {{Portal bar|Qaramada Midoobay}} {{QM}} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Qaramada Midoobay]] [[Category:Ururada caalamiga ah]] [[Category:Wadan]] [[Category:Dhul]] {{Commons|United Nations}} 3ol4m56wzan36anmi6luqp9w7q1v78k 300981 300973 2026-07-07T13:37:53Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Aasaasitaanka QM */ Fixed grammar 300981 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan Jimciyada Quruumaha Ka Dhaxaysa. ::''Boga "[[UN]]", "[[UNO]]", "[[QM]]" iyo "[[Jimciyada Quruumaha Ka Dhaxaysa]]" halkan ayaa laga soo toosiyay. {{Infobox geopolitical organization |name = [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]] Qamada Midoobey<br />[[Carabi]] الأمم المتحدة <br />[[Shiinees]] 联合国/聯合國<br />[[Af-Isbaanish|Isbaanish]] Naciones Unidas<br />[[Af-Faransiis|Faransiis]] Les Nations Unies<br />[[Af-Ruush|Ruush]] Объединенных Наций |linking_name = the United Nations |image_flag = Flag of the United Nations.svg |symbol_type =[[Astaan]] |image_symbol = Emblem of the United Nations.svg |image_map = United Nations (Member States).svg |map_width = 250px |map_caption = Maabka [[xubaha qaramada midoobay]]{{efn|This map does not represent the view of its members or the UN concerning the legal status of any country. The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country nor does it accurately reflect which areas' governments have UN representation. This map shows partially recognized states such as Kosovo or Taiwan as part of their claiming governments (Serbia and China respectively)}} |org_type = Urur Xidhiidhiya Dowladaha |membership = [[xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|193 wadan]]<br />[[2|2 Deegaan]] |admin_center_type = Fadhiga |admin_center = [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay|Xarunta sare]] [[New York]] {{small|([[Deegaan|Deegaanada Caalamiga]])}} |languages_type = [[luuqad|Luuqadaha Dowliga]] |languages = {{hlist|[[Carabi]]|[[Shiinaha|Af Shiine]]|[[Ingiriis]]|[[Faransiiska|Af-Faransiis]]|[[Ruushka|Af-Raashiyan]]|[[Af-Isbaanish]]<ref>[https://www.un.org/en/sections/about-un/official-languages/index.html Official Languages], www.un.org. Retrieved 22 May 2015.</ref>}} |leader_title1 = [[Xoghayaha Guud Qaramada Midoobay|Xoghayaha Guud]] |leader_name1 = [[António Guterres]] (''<nowiki>[[</nowiki>[[Burtuqaal]]<nowiki>]]</nowiki>'') |leader_title2 = Xoghaye Ku Xigeen |leader_name2 = Jan Eliasson (''[[Iswidhan]]'') |leader_title3 = [[Madaxweyne Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay|Madaxwaynaha Golaha Sare]] |leader_name3 = Sam Kutesa (''[[Yugandha]]'') |leader_title4 = Madaxweynaha Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshooyi ka |leader_name4 = Martin Sajdik |leader_title5 = Madaxweynaha Golaha Amniga |leader_name5 = Dato Ramlan Ibrahim |established_event1 =Sharciga Qaramada Midoobay waxa la saxeexay |established_date1 = {{Start date|1945|06|26|df=yes|p=y}} |established_event2 =Dastuurka waxa la howlgaliyey |established_date2 = {{Start date|1945|10|24|df=yes|p=y}} |official_website = {{URL|https://www.un.org/}} }} [[File:UN General Assembly hall.jpg|thumb|Qaramada Midoobay]] {{QM2}} '''Qaramada Midoobay''' ({{lang-en|''The United Nations Organization''}}) sida saxda ah lagu magacaabo ''"[[Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]]"'', waa urur caalami ah oo ka dhexeeya [[wadan|dalalka]] [[aduun]]ka kaasi oo [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay|fadhigiisu]] yahay caasimada [[New York]] cariga [[Maraykanka]]. Ururka Qaramada Midoobay waxa la aasaasay Oktoobar 24, 1945 si loogu badalo ururkii ka horeeyay ee ''"[[Midowga Umadaha]]"'' (League of Nations). Ujeedada iyo hadafka Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu ahaa in uu ka shaqeeyo xidhiidhka wadanada xubnaha ka ah iyo in uu ka hortago dagaal ka qarxa wadanada caalamka. Qaramada Midoobay waxaa lagu bilaabay heshiiska [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|51 wadan]], laakiin sanadii ka dambeeyay ururku wuu balaadhay waxaana maanta xubin ka ah 193 wadan. Qaramada Midoobay waxaa maanta fadhi u ah caasimada [[New York]], wadanka [[Maraykanka]], wuxuuna xafiisyo waawayn ku leeyahay meelo kale oo dunida ah, sida ''Xafiiska Janiifa (Geneva), [[Nayroobi|xafiiska Nayroobi]] iyo xafiiska [[Fiyena]]. Ururka waxaa maalgeliya dhaqaale qiimaysan oo uu ka helo wadanada xubnaha iyo deeq caalami ah oo ka soo gasha wadanada qaar, ganacsato iyo shirkado gaar loo leeyahay. Waxaana ka mid ah hadafka Ururka Qaramada Midoobay inuu ka shaqeeyo nabad caalami ah, amniga, ilaalinta xuquuqda aadamaha, daryeelka bulshooyinka iyo kobcinta dhaqaalaha, ilaalada deegaanka, fidinta gargaarka dagdaga ah ee meelaha ka dhacaan [[abaar]]o, musiibo dabiici ah iyo colaada. Wakhtigii uu socday [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] ayaa madaxweyihii Maraykanka Franklin D. Roosevelt soo jeediyay in la aasaaso urur bedela Midowga Umadaha, waxaana la bilaabay qoritaanka Dastuurka Qaramad Midoobay ka dib markii la galay shirweyne dhacay intii u dhaxaysay Abril–Juun 1945; wuxuuna dastuurkani hirgalay bishii Oktoobar 1945, wakhtigaasi oo Qaramada Midoobay howl biloowday. Hadaba ujeedada iyo jiritaanka Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu shiki galay wakhtiyadii [[Dagaalka Qabow]] socday kaasi oo u dhexeeyay labo awoodood ee Maraykanka iyo Midowgii Soofiyeeti iyo xuladadeeda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee ururku wuxuu kaalin libaax ka qaatey farogalintii "''Dagaalkii Labada Kuuriya"'' iyo ''"Howlgaladii Koongo"''. Xubnaha ururku aad ayay u koreen wixii ka dambeeyay sanadihii1960kii wakhtigaasi oo wadano badan xoriyada qaateen. Wixii ka dambeeyay Dagaalkii Qaboowa Ururka Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu bilaabay inuu talaabo milatari qaado kuwaasi oo isbedel la taaban karo ka gaadhay. Guud ahaan Qaramada Midoobay waxay ka kooban tahay lix waaxood: [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]] (oo ah waaxda maamulka guud gacanta ku heysa); [[GAQM|Golaha Amniga]] (waaxdani waxay go'aamisaa xalka amaanka iyo nabada); [[GDBQM|Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshad]]a (ECOSOC) (waaxdani waxay ku shaqo leedahay dhiirigelinta iyo horumarinta dhaqaalaha caalamka iyo horumarka bulshooyinka); [[GXQM|Golaha Xoghaynta]] (waaxdani waa maamulka iyo soo ururinta akhbaarta iyo macluudka Ururka Qaramada Midoobay u baahan yahay); [[MCC|Maxkamada Cadaalada Caalamiga]] (sidoo kale loo yaqaano ''Maxkamada Aduunka'', waa waaxda u qaabilsan cadaalada); iyo [[Golaha Kalsoonida Qaramada Midoobay|Golaha Kalsoonida]] (United Nations Trusteeship Council) midkaasi oon shaqaynin tan iyo 1994. ==Hordhac== Jimciyada Quruumaha ka Dhaxaysa waxay leedahay [[Hayad khaas|wakiilo badan]] oo ka shaqeeya waxyaabo badan oo kala duwan; kuwaas waxaa kamid ah [[Bankiga Aduunka]] (World Bank Group), [[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]] (World Health Organization), [[Hayada Cuntada Aduunka]] (World Food Programme), [[UNESCO]], iyo [[UNICEF]]. Liiska wakiilada iyo hayadaha Qaramada Midoobay ka fiiri [[Liiska Hayadaha Qaramada Midoobay]]. Sarkaalka ugu sareeya Qaramad Midoobay waa [[Xoghayaha Guud Qaramada Midoobay|Xoghayaha Sare]], waxaana 2007di ilaa hada haya xilkaasi [[Ban Ki-moon]] ee u dhashay wadanka [[Koonfur Kuuriya]]. Sanadkii 2001da Ururka Qaramad Midoobay waxaa la gudoonsiiyay bilad sharafta Abaalmarinta Nabada (Nobel Peace Prize). ==Taariikh== {{Main|Taariikhda Qaramada Midoobay}} [[File:United Nations member countries world map.PNG|thumb|upright=4|center|alt=A map of the world with countries displayed in colours corresponding to the dates the countries joined the United Nations. Countries not involved with the United Nations are shown in grey.|Maabka Aduunka oo lagu muujiyay wadanada iyo wakhtiga ay ku biireen Qaramada Midoobay]] '''Taariikhda [[Qaramada Midoobay]]''' waxay ka soo bilaabantaa [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]]. Wakhtigaas wixii ka dambeeyay xubnaha iyo shaqada ururku wuu balaadhay waxayna maanta gaadhay dhamaan caalamka oo dhan, ayada oo qarniga 21aad noqotey meel kulmisa dhamaan madaxda aduunka. Sida taariikhda lagu hayo hindisaha iyo magaca ''Qaramada Midoobay'' waxaa horaantii iska lahaa madaxweynihii wadanka [[Maraykanka]] Franklin Roosevelt wakhtigaasi oo uu rabay in lagu magacaabo xulafadii Isbaahaysiga.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.wordorigins.org/wordoru.htm |access-date=2006-09-27 |archive-date=2006-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927143158/http://www.wordorigins.org/wordoru.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Fikradaasi waxaa ku raacay Ra'iisal wasaarihii [[UK|Boqortooyada Biritayn]] kaasi oo socdaal shaqo ku joogay cariga Maraykanka wakhtigaasi 1941. Si kastaba ha ahaatee sanadihii xigay waxaa ereyga Qaramada Midoobay aad u isticmaalayay xulafadii isbaahaysiga ee dagaalka kula jirtey [[Jarmalka|awoodi Nazi-ga]]. [[File:UnitedNations.gif|thumb|alt=A black and white motion picture of some men signing papers on a desk in the center of a huge decorated room.|Aasaasitaankii [[Qaramada Midoobay]]]] ===Ku Dhawaaqida QM (1942)=== Qorsheeyntii dhisitaanka ururka wuxuu bilaabmey wakhti ka horeeyay Dagaalkii Labaad taasi oo la aaminsan yahay in [[USA|Waaxda Siyaasada Maraykanka]] (US State Department) bilowday qorsheeynta arimaha ururka sanadkii 1939.<ref>Townsend Hoopes and Douglas Brinkley, ''FDR and the Creation of the U.N.'' (1997) pp 1-55</ref> Maqaalkii ugu horeeyay ee ku dhawaaqida Qaramada Midoobay waxaa si wada jir ah u diyaariyay 29 Diisamber 1941 madaxweynihii Maraykanka Franklin D. Roosevelt, ra'isul-wasaaraha Boqortooyada Biritatn Winston Churchill, gacanyarahii Roosevelt Harry Hopkins, kuwaasi oo wakhtigaas ku sugnaa Aqalka Cad ee Maraykanka. Madaxweyne Roosevelt wakhtigaasi wuxuu Qaramada Midoobay ku tilmaamayay Xulafadii Isbaaheysiga Dagaalkii Labaad (Allies of World War II). Fikradan waxaa markiiba ku raacay raisal wasaarihii Boqortooyada Britayn kaasi oo isla markiiba ka hirgeliyay wadankiisa. [[File:Early United Nations official's passport from WW2 - working for UNRRA 1944.jpg|thumb|Baasaboodhkii ugu horeeyay ee Qaramada Midoobay la daabacay 1944]] Qiyaastii 1–2 Janaayo 1942, ayaa lagu dhawaaqay Qaramada Midoobay wakhtigaasi ooy saxeexeen sharciga ururkaas ilaa 26 wadan.<ref>David Roll, ''The Hopkins Touch: Harry Hopkins and the Forging of the Alliance to Defeat Hitler'' (2013) pp 172-75</ref><ref>Robert E. Sherwood, ''Roosevelt and Hopkins, An Intimate History'' (1948) pp 447-53</ref> Badhtamigii 1945kii waxaa heshiiska saxeexay 21 wadan oo kale kuwaasi oo sii xoojijiyay hanoqaadkii ururka.<ref>{{cite book|author=Edmund Jan Osmańczyk|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: T to Z|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=6AB2CadyN7QC&pg=PA2445|year=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=2445}}</ref> Heshiskaasi wuxuu ku bilaabmayay sidan: {{Quote box | quote = Waxaan ku dhawaaqaynaa iskuxidhka iyo midnimada Maraykanka, Boqortooyada Biritayn oo la socoto Waqooyiga Ireland, Midowga Soofiyeeti, Shiinaha, Ustareeliya, Biljamka, Kanada, Koosta Riika, Kuuba, Jekoslafaakiya, Jamhuuriyada Doominika, El Saafadoor, Giriiga, Guatemala, Hayti, Honduras, Hindiya, Lugsemburg, Nederland, New Siiland, Nikaraaguwa, Norway, Banama, Boland, Koonfur Afrika, Yugoslaafiya. . . . | source = | align = center | width = 55% | border = none | fontsize = 120% | author = ''Saxeexa dowladaha ayaa hoosta kaga qornaa maqaalkaasi.'' }} Hadaba wakhtiyadii uu socday Dagaalkii Labaad waxaa caan noqotey isticmaalka Qaramada Midoobay taasi oo laga waday Xulafada Wadanada Isbaahaystay ee kor ku soo xusnay. Marka wadan rabo inuu ururkaas Qaramada Midoobay ky biiro waxaa shardi ahayd inuu saxeexo heshiiska isla markaana dagaal ku dhawaaqo Isbaahaysigii Nasiga (Axis).<ref>Stephen C. Schlesinger, ''Act of creation: The founding of the United Nations: A story of superpowers, secret agents, wartime allies and enemies, and their quest for a peaceful world'' (2003)</ref> ===Qorshaynti QM=== Fikrada ah in ururka Qaramada Midoobay noqdo mid caalamka dhan ka dhexeeya waxay bilaabantey Shirkii Moosko ee 1943dii iyo Shirkii Tehraan ee isla sanadkaasi. Shir dhacay bishii Agoosto ilaa Oktoobar 1944kii ayaa wadanada [[Shiinaha]], [[UK|Boqortooyada Biritayn]], iyo [[Ruushka|Midowgii Soofiyeeti]], oo ku kulmay caasimada Washington, D.C ayaa waxay ku soo saareen in ururka Qaramada Midoobay laga dhigo mid caalami ah oo u dhaxeeya wadanada aduunka dhamaantood. Is-aragyo kale iyo hadalo badan ka dib waxaa la isku raacay cida xubin ka noqon karta ururka iyo shaqooyinka uu qaban doono kuwaasi ooy ka mid ahaayeen inuu ilaaliyo nabada guud ee caalamka, horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo xidhiidhka bulshooyinka caalamka.<ref>http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/history/dumbarton_yalta.shtml</ref><ref>Robert C. Hilderbrand, ''Dumbarton Oaks: The Origins of the United Nations and the Search for Postwar Security'' (UNC Press, 2001)</ref> ===Aasaasitaanka QM=== [[File:United Nations Member States-1945.png|thumb|500px|Qaramada Midoobay 1945. Wadanada buluuga khafiifka ah waa kuwii ururka bilaabay. Kuwa buluuga jaamudka ah waa wadanada la ilaalinayay iyo la gumaysanayay]] Markeey taariikhdu ahayd Abriil 25, 1945, waxaa magaalada [[San Fransisko]] ka bilaabmay Shirkii Caalamiga ee Qaramada Midoobay halkaasi ooy ku kulmeen wadano gaadhay 50 dal iyo tiro badan oo ururo caalami ah. Hadaba 26 Juun, labo bilood ka dib markii shirka la bilaabay, ayaa 50kii wadan dhamaantood saxeexeen [[Dastuurka Qaramada Midoobay]]. Ka dib markii ay dib u eegis ku sameeyeen wadanada Shiinaha, Midowga Soofiyeeti, Boqortooyada Biritayn, Maraykanka iyo tiro kale oo wadano ah ayaa 24 Oktoobar 1945, waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhawaaqay jiritaanka '''[[Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]]'''.<ref>http://www.un.org/aboutun/sanfrancisco/history.html The 60th Anniversary of the San Francisco Conference</ref> Hoos waxaa ku qoran taariikhda wadanada xubinta ka ah Qaramada Midoobay ay soo gudbiyeen warqadii ogolaanshaha ururka:<ref>http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/unms/founders.shtml</ref> * [[Ameerika]] / [[Maraykanka]] - 8 Aug 1945 * [[Faransiiska]] - 31 Aug 1945 * [[Dominika]] Rep. - 4 Sep 1945 * [[Nicaragua]] - 6 Sep 1945 * [[New Zealand]] - 19 Sep 1945 * [[Brazil]] - 21 Sep 1945 * [[Argentina]] - 24 Sep 1945 * [[El Salvador]] - 26 Sep 1945 * [[Haiti]] - 27 Sep 1945 * [[China]] - 28 Sep 1945 * [[Turkey]] - 28 Sep 1945 * [[Denmark]] - 9 October 1945 * [[Jili]] - 11 Okt 1945 * [[Philippines]] - 11 Okt 1945 * [[Paraguay]] - 12 Okt 1945 * [[Kuuba]] - 15 Oct 1945 * [[Lubnaan]] - 15 Oct 1945 * [[Iran]] - 16 Oct 1945 * [[Luxembourg]] - 17 Oct 1945 * [[Saudi Arabia]] - 18 Oct 1945 * [[Czechoslovakia]] - 19 Oct 1945 * [[Syria]] - 19 Okt 1945 * [[Yugoslavia]] - 19 Okt 1945 * [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] - 20 Oct 1945 * [[Masar]] Rep.- 22 Okt 1945 * [[Belarus]] - 24 Okt 1945 * [[Boland]] - 24 Okt 1945 * [[Ukraine]] - 24 Okt 1945 * [[Midowga Soofiyeeti]] - 24 Oct 1945 * [[Greece]] - 25 Okt 1945 * [[India]] Rep. - 30 Okt 1945 * [[Peru]] - 31 Okt 1945 * [[Australia]] - 1 Nof 1945 * [[Costa Rica]] - 2 Nof 1945 * [[Liberia]] - 2 Nof 1945 * [[Colombia]] - 5 Nof 1945 * [[Mexico]] - 7 Nof 1945 * [[South Africa]] - 7 Nof 1945 * [[Canada]] - 9 Nof 1945 * [[Panama]] - 13 Nof 1945 * [[Bolivia]] - 14 Nof 1945 * [[Venezuela]] - 15 Nof 1945 * [[Honduras]] - 17 Nof 1945 * [[Guatemala]] - 21 Nof 1945 * [[Norway]] - 27 Nof 1945 * [[Netherlands]] - 10 Des 1945 * [[Uruguay]] - 18 Des 1945 * [[Ecuador]] - 21 Des 1945 * [[Iraq]] - 21 Des 1945 * [[Belgium]] - 27 Des 1945 * [[Soomaaliya]] - 1 Luu 1960 Shirkii ugu horeeyay ee [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]] wuxuu qabsoomay 10 Janaayo 1946 magaalada [[London]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History of the United Nations 1941 - 1950|url=http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/history/1941-1950.shtml|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=12 March 2015}}</ref> Sidoo kale waxaa ayaguna kulankii ugu horeeyay yeeshay [[GAQM|Golaha Amniga]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.un.org/en/sc/about/ |title=What is the Security Council? |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=12 March 2015}}</ref> Ururkii [Midowga Wadanada]] wuxuu si sharci ah u baaba'ay 18 Abril 1946 waxaana hadafkii iyo mashaariicdiisii lagu wareejiyay Qaramada Midoobay. ===Shaqada=== Ururka Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu qabtey hoowlo aad u balaadhan; kuwaasi waxaa ugu muhiimsan horumarinta xidhiidhka bulshooyinka, daryeelida [[xuquuqda Aadamaha]], horumarinta dhaqaalaha, dabargoynta gumeysiga, [[caafimaad]]ka iyo [[waxbarasho|waxbarashasa]], daryeelka [[qoxooti]]ga iyo [[ganacsi]]ga. Rajada ugu wayn ee laga aaminsan yahay Qaramada Midoobay waa ineey baajiso (joojiso) inuu dhaco daagaal wayn (dagaalka sadexaad), kaasi oo baabi'in kara dadka iyo duunyada caalamka. ==Fadhiga iyo Xafiisyada== ::''Sidoo kale fiiri [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] [[File:United Nations Headquarters in New York City, view from Roosevelt Island.jpg|thumb|Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] sidoo kale '''Fadhiga Qaramada Midoobay''' waa dhisme aad u wayn oo ku yaala caasimada [[New York]] wadanka [[Maraykanka]]. ===Xarumaha QM=== [[File:United Nations HQ - New York City.jpg|thumb|alt=Two skyscraper buildings on the bank of a river.|Xarunta sare Qaramada Midoobay [[New York]]]][[File:Vereinte Nationen in Wien.jpg|alt=Huge complex of skyscrapers and other large buildings interlaced with trees and gardens. The surrounding area as far as the horizon is filled with trees and large rivers. In the foreground a crane and small building site show that a new construction is underway.|thumb|Dhismaha QM magaalada Fiyeena]] Badhtamihii Diisambar 1945, ayaa Golaha Guurtida Maraykanka iyo Aqalka Wakiiladu u codeeyeen in Ururuka Qaramada Midoobay laga codsado ineey [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay|Xarunta Sare]] ka dhisato wadanka [[Maraykanka]]. Arintaasi way aqbashay Qaramada Midoobay, waxayna deegaan ka salaxatay bariga caasimada [[New York]] halkaasi oo ay ku iibsatey lacag dhan [[dollar|US $8.5 milyan]] oo ahayd lacag deeq ah. Dhismaha oo socday labo sano (1949 ilaa 1950) waxaa la furay [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] Janaayo 9, 1951, inkastoo la dhamaystiray dhismaha bishii Oktoobar 9, 1952.<ref>http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10813F7385E177B93C2A8178BD95F468585F9</ref> Inkastoo xarunta ugu muhiimsan ku taalo caasimada [[New York]], ururku wuxuu xafiisyo waaweyn ku leeyahay Jeniifa, Heeg, Fiyeena, [[Nayroobi]] iyo meelo kale oo badan. ==Xubnaha== ::''Sidoo kale fiiri [[Wadanada Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay]] [[File:United Nations (Member States and Territories).svg|alt=A political map of the world with all territories shaded blue to denote United Nations membership, except Antarctica, the Palestinian territories, the Vatican, and Western Sahara, which are grey|thumb|370px|Maabka wadanada xubinta ka ah Qaramada Midoobay iyo wadanada QM u aqoonsan tahay wadan (midabka buluuga<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/world.pdf| title=The World| publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Waxaa jira deegaano Qaramada Midoobay aqoonsi siinin isla markaana faraha kula jirto maamulkooda ama korka kala socoto. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah: Caasimada Fatikan, [[Falastiin|Deegaanada Falastiin]], Galbeedka Saxaraha, iyo [[Antarktika]].]] [[File:Palais des Nations (Geneve).JPG|thumb|Calamaanta wadanaxa xubinta ka ah QM.]] Waxaa jira [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|193 Wadan oo xubin ka ah]] [[QM|Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]] kuwaasi oo mid kasta xubin ka yahay [[Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/unms/whatisms.shtml| title=What are Member States?| publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Ka mid noqoshada Qaramada Midoobay waxaa si fiican u sharaxaya Qodobka 4aad ee [[Dastuurka Qaramada Midoobay]]:<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/chapter2.shtml| title=Charter of the United Nations, Chapter II: Membership| publisher=United Nations}}</ref> # Ka mid noqoshada [[Qaramada Midoobay]] waa mid u furan dhamaan dowladaha jecel nabada marka laga reebo kuwa uu dasturku ka reebay, ayadoo la tixraacayo xukunka ururka. # Codsiga ka mid noqoshada Qaramada Midoobay waxaa go'aan ka gaadhi kara [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]] oo la tashanaya [[GAQM|Golaha Amniga]]. Warbixin taageero leh oo ka timaada Golaha Amnigu waxay u baahan tahay in xubnaha golahaasi codeeyaan taasi oo ugu yaraan sagaal xubnood ogolaansho bixiyaan; kuwaasi oo aanay ku jirin Shanta Xubin ee joogtada ah. Ka dib, ogolaanshaha Golaha Amniga waa ineey ansixiyaan Golaha Sare, kuwaasi oo ugu yaraan labo meelood sadex meelood (2/3) codeeyaan ogolaansho.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.un.org/en/members/about.shtml| title=About UN Membership| publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Sida saxda ah waxaa Qaramada Midoobay xubin ka noqon kara wadanada xorta ah oo kaliya, maantana dhamaan xubnuhu waa kuwo madax banaan.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Toeplar|first1=Stefan|title=International Encyclopedia of Civil Society|date=2009|page=114}}</ref> ===Xubnihii Lagu Bilaabay=== [[File:UN Member Countries World.svg|thumb|370px|Maabka wadanada hada xubinta ka ah QM iyo taariikhd ku soo biireen.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.un.org/en/members/growth.shtml| title=Growth in United Nations membership, 1945–present| publisher=United Nations}}</ref> {{legend|#5B92E5|1945 (xubnihii ugu horeeyay)}} {{legend|#008080|1946–1959}} {{legend|#00A24F|1960–1989}} {{legend|#346733|1990–wakhti xaadirkan (hada)}} {{legend|#FDE910|wadanada aan xubinta ahayn}}]] Taariikh ahaan Qaramada Midoobay waxaa la aasaasay 24 Oktobat 1945 ka dib markii shanta Wadax ee Xubinta joogtada ah isku afgarteen Dastuurka Qaramada Midoobay. Wadanadaasi aasaaska ka qeyb qaatay waxay kala yihiin [[Shiinaha]], [[Faransiiska]], [[Ruushka]], [[UK|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]], iyo [[Maraykanka]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.un.org/aboutun/unhistory/| title=History of the United Nations| publisher=United Nations}}</ref> ==Waaxyaha Qaramada Midoobay== Ururka Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu leeyahay qeeybo, waaxyo, goleyaal, xubno, wakiilo, gudi iyo ururo aad u badan. Marka la soo ururiyo qeeybaha ugu sareeya ururku waa lix waaxood kuwaasi oo qabta shaqooyin kala duwan, isla markaana maamulo dhamaan xubnaha, wakiilada, barnaamijyada, haayadaha, ururada hoos yimaada Qaramada Midoobay. Kuwaasi oo kala ah: [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]]; (t) [[GAQM|Golaha Amniga]]; (j) [[GDBQM|Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada]]; (x) [[Golaha Kalsoonida Qaramada Midoobay|Golaha Kalsoonida]] (waaxdani ma shaqeeyso hada); (kh) [[MCC|Maxkamada Cadaalada Caalamiga]]; iyo (d) [[GXQM|Golaha Xoghaynta]].<ref>Qeybaha Qaramada Midoobay{{cite web|title=Main Organs|url=http://www.un.org/en/sections/about-un/main-organs/index.html|website=United Nations|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=9 April 2015}}</ref> ===Golaha Sare=== [[File:UN General Assembly hall.jpg|thumb|Hoolka Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay [[Xarunta Qaramada Midoobay|Xarunta Sare QM]], [[New York]]]] {| class="infobox" style="width:22em" ! Xubinimada iyo Ka Qeybqaadashada |- |Labo qoraal oo sharaxaya xubinimada iyo ka qeyb qaadashada shaqada Golaha Sare, fiiri: * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubanaha Golaha Sare]] * [[Xubnaha Ilaalada Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay|Ilaalada Golaha Sare]] |} [[Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] ({{lang-en|''United Nations General Assembly''}}; {{lang-ar|الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة}}) (sida badan loo soo gaabiyo ''UNGA'' ama ''GA'') waa xubin ka mid ah [[UN#Xubin|Lixda Xubnood Qaramada Midoobay]] iyo meesha kali ah ee dhamaan xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay ku leeyihiin wakiilo (dad matala). Golahani wuxuu awood u leeyahay inuu xaqiijiyo kharashka ku shaqeeyso Qaramada Midoobay, u magaaco xubin aan joogto ahayn [[Golaha Amniga Qaramada Midoobay]], ka helo warbixin dhamaan xubnaha, wakiilada, hayadaha iyo ururada Qaramada Midoobay isla markaana amar iyo talobixin siiyo ururadaasi.<ref>[http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/chapter4.htm CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS: Chapter IV]. UN.org.</ref> ===Golaha Amniga=== [[File:UN-Sicherheitsrat - UN Security Council - New York City - 2014 01 06.jpg|thumb|Qolka Golaha Amniga]] [[Golaha Amniga Qaramada Midoobay]] ({{lang-en|''United Nations Security Council''}}, loo soo gaabiyo: ('''UNSC'''); {{lang-ar|مجلس أمن الأمم المتحدة}}) waa xubin ka mid ah [[UN#Xubin|lixda xubin ugu sareeysa]] [[UNO|Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]] iyo waaxda masuulka ka ah '''amniga iyo nabada caalami''' ee [[aduun]]ka, iyo xubinta u qaabilsan aqbalitaanka ka mid noqoshada [[Jimciyada Quruumaha Ka Dhaxaysa]]. Sidoo kale Golaha Amnigu wuxuu u qaabilsan yahay inuu socodsiiyo, fuliyo [[Sharciga Qaramada Midoobay]]. ==Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada== [[File:United Nations Economic and Social Council chamber New York City 2.JPG|thumb|Fadhiga Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada QM. [[Xarunta Qaramada Midoobay]], [[New York]]]] [[File:Economic and Social Council Resolution 2007-25.pdf|thumb|200px|Qaraarkii ECOSOC 2007/25: ku taageeraysay talaaboyinka dowladaha madaxa banaan.]] [[Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada Qaramada Midoobay]] ({{lang-en|''United Nations Economic and Social Council''}}; {{lang-ar|المجلس الاقتصادي والاجتماعي للأمم المتحدة}}) (loo soo gaabiyo: '''ECOSOC''') waa xubin ka mid ah [[UN#Xubin|lixda xubin ugu sareeysa]] [[UNO|Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]]. Sidoo kale hayadani waxay ka masuul tagay iskuxidhka iyo maamulida dhaqaalaha, bulshada iyo wixii la xidhiidha ee 14 hay'ado wakiilo khaas u ah Qaramada Midoobay. Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu leeyahay 54 xubnood; kuwaasi oo yeesha hal kulan oo afar todobaad ah bisha Luuliyo halmar sanadkii si ay ugu arimiyaan howlaga loo igmaday. ===Golaha Kalsoonida=== [[File:United Nations Trusteeship Council chamber in New York City 2.JPG|thumb|fadhiga Golaha Kalsoonida]] [[File:Decolonization - World In 1945 en.svg|thumb|Dunida sanadkii 1945, xubnaha Golaha Kalsoonida QM waa midabka cagaaran.]] [[File:Decolonization - World Today en.svg|thumb|Dunida sanadka 2010, ma lahan ddeegaano leh Golaha Kalsoonida]] [[Golaha Kalsoonida Qaramada Midoobay]] ({{lang-en|''United Nations Trusteeship Council''}}, loo soo gaabiyo: ('''UNTC'''); {{lang-ar|مجلس الوصاية التابع للأمم المتحدة}}) waa xubin ka mid ah [[QM#Xubin|xubnaha ugu muhiimsan]] [[Qaramada Midoobay]] taasi oo loo sameeyay si ay u caawiso maamulka iyo gacan ku haynta [[UN|deegaanada lagu aaminay Qaramada Midoobay]]. Sidoo kale ula jeedada ururku wuxuu ahaa inuu gacan ka geysto maamulida deegaanada aan weli madaxbanaanida qaadan isla markaana hoostegin wadanadii [[gumeysi|gumeystaha]], iyo inuu ilaaliyo xidhiidhka iyo nabada caalamiga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]] wixii ka dambeeyay waxaa deegaano badan noqdeen wadano xor ah taasi oo meesha ka saartey farogelintii iyo maamulkii Golaha Kalsoonida Qaramada Midoobay. ===Golaha Maxkamada Cadaalada=== [[File:International Court of Justice.jpg|thumb|Fadhiga Maxkamada Aduunka]] [[Maxkamada Cadaalada Caalamka]] ({{lang-en|''International Court of Justice''}}, loo soo gaabiyo: ('''ICJ'''); {{lang-ar|محكمة العدل الدولية}}) (sida caadiga ah loo yaqaano ''"Maxkamada Aduunka"'') waa waaxda koowaad QM|cadaalada Qaramada Midoobay]] taasi oo fadhigeedu yahay ''Dhismaha Nabada'' [[Heeg]] wadanka [[Holland]]. Shaqada ugu horeeysa ee hayadani waa ineey xaliso muranka xadadka iyo ilaaliso heshiisyada dhulka ee wadanada xubinta ka ah hayadani. Sidoo kale waxay talobixin siisaa [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]], [[QM|hayadaha Qaramada Midoobay]] iyo wixii soo hoosgala. ===Xoghaynta=== [[File:Ban Ki-moon April 2015.jpg|thumb|Xoghayaha hada jooga xafiiska mudane Ban ki moon.!!'?]] [[Golaha Xoghaynta Qaramada Midoobay]] ({{lang-en|United Nations Secretariat}}; {{lang-ar|الأمانة العامة لهيئة الأمم المتحدة}}) waa xubin ka mid ah [[QM|lixda waaxood ugu muhiimsan]] Qaramada Midoobay.<ref>Xoghayaha Qaramada Midoobay{{cite web|title=UN Secretariat|url=http://www.un.org/en/sections/about-un/secretariat/index.html|website=United Nations|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=9 April 2015}}</ref> Hadaba Golaha Xoghayntu waa waaxda talogoynta Ururka Qaramada Midoobay. Golaha Xoghayntu waxaa horsocda [[Xoghayaha Guud Qaramada Midoobay|Xoghayaha Guud]] kaasi oo qabta shaqo aad u muhiim ah, sida go'aan goynta, diyaarinta qorshooyinka ururka iyo isku xidhka dhamaan waaxyaha Qaramada Midoobay. [[Xoghayaha Guud Qaramada Midoobay|Jagada Xoghayaha Guud]] waa hogaanka sare ee Golaha Xoghaynta Qaramada Midoobay, qeyb ka mid ah xubnaha ugu muhiimsan [[Qaramada Midoobay]]. Sidoo kale Xogahaya Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay waa afhayeenka iyo hogaanka guud ee Qaramada Midoobay. Wakhti xaadirkan waxaa Xoghaye Guud ka ah Qaramada Midoobay [[Ban Ki-moon]] oo u dhashay wadanka [[Koonfur Kuuriya]], kaasi oo xafiiska ku wareegay horaantii bishii Janaayo 2007. Jaale Banki Moon wuxuu xilku ka dhamaaday 31 Diisambar 2011, waxaana si muran la'aan au dib loogu doortay mar labaad 21 June 2011.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-13868655 |title=Ban Ki-moon wins second-term as UN Secretary General |publisher=BBC News |date=21 June 2011}}</ref> Guud ahaan Ururka Qaramada Midoobay waxaa soo maray [[Liiska Xoghaye Qaramada Midoobay|sideed xoghaye]] oo ka soo jeeda [[qaarad]]o kala duwan ee caalamka. ====Liiska Xoghayaha Talada Soo Qabtey==== * [[Trygve Lie]] ([[Norwey]]) [[Febraayo]] 1946ii ilaa waqtiga oo is casilay 10 [[Nofeembar]] 1952. * [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] [[Iswiidhan]] 10 [[Abriil]] 1953ii ilaa waqtiga oo xafiiskiisa ku dhintay, 18 [[Sebteembar]] 1961. * [[U Thant]] [[Burma]] 30 [[Nofeembar]] 1961ii ilaa 1 January 1972. * [[Kurt Waldheim]] [[Austriya]] 1 January 1972 ilaa 1 January 1982 * [[Javier Pérez de Cuéllar]] [[Peru]] 1 [[Janaayo]] 1982ii ilaa 1 [[Janaayo]] 1992ii. * [[Boutros Boutros-Gali]] [[Masar]] 1 [[Janaayo]] 1992 ilaa 1 January 1997. * [[Kofi Annan]] [[Ghana]] 1 [[Janaayo]] 1997ii ilaa 1 Janaayo 2007. * [[Ban Ki-moon]] [[Koonfur Kuuriya]] 1 janaayo 2007ii wali ===Madax Kale=== [[Madaxweyne Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay|Madaxweynaha Golaha Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] waa jago (boos) loo codeeyo qofka noqonaya madaxa sare ee [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]] ee [[Qaramada Midoobay]] taasi oo dhacda halmar sanad kasta. Madaxweynaha la doorto wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa arimaha Golaha Sare oo kali ah. Wakhti xaadirkan (2015) waxaa madaxweyne u ah Golaha Sare '''Mogens Lykketoft''' oo dhashay wadanka [[Denmark]]. Mudane Lykketoft wuxuu ku soo baxay kalafadhigii codaynta madaxnimo ee 71aad, waxaana xafiiska lagu wareejiyay 15 Sebteember, 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/xinhua-news-agency/141128/danish-parliament-speaker-head-un-general-assembly|title=Danish parliament speaker to head UN General Assembly|publisher=Global Post|accessdate=December 17, 2014|date=November 29, 2014|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218011106/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/xinhua-news-agency/141128/danish-parliament-speaker-head-un-general-assembly|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.un.org/en/ga/president/68/news/6232014_speaker_denmark.shtml |title=President Ashe meets with H.E. Mr. Mogens Lykketoft, Speaker of the Parliament of Denmark |publisher=Un.org |accessdate=December 18, 2014|date=June 23, 2014}}</ref> ===Hay'adaha iyo Wakaaladaha=== ::''Sidoo kale fiiri [[Liiska Hayadaha Qaramada Midoobay]] Wakiilada Khaaska sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''[[hayad khaas|Hay'ad Khaas]]''' waa ururo wakiil iskeed isku maamusha kuwaasi oo hoostaga [[Qaramada Midoobay]] iyo midba kooxda ay ku xidhan tahay ee dhaqaale iyo saamiyad la wadaagto iyo shaqo intaba. Inta ugu badan hayadaha u adeega Qaramada Midoobay waxay si toos ah ama dadban u hoostegaa xafiiska [[GDBQM|Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada Qaramada Midoobay]] halkaasi oo ay warbixin siiyaan ama ka warqaataan Xoghayaha Guud ee Waaxda Iskuxidhka.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Nations System|url=http://www.un.org/aboutun/chart_en.pdf}}</ref> Wakiilada khaaska ah waxay iskugu jiraan kuwo ay abuurtey Qaramada Midoobay iyo kuwo ururo kale sameeyeen laakiin waxay dhamaan ku shaqeeyaan nidaamka Qaramada Midoobay kaasi oo saldhig u yahay [[Dastuurka Qaramada Midoobay]]. Wakhti xaadirkan (2015) guud ahaan waxay Qaramada Midoobay leedahay 15 haayadood<ref>[http://legal.un.org/repertory/art17/english/rep_supp10_vol2_art17_3_e_advance.pdf REPERTORY OF PRACTICE OF UNITED NATIONS ORGANSSUPPLEMENT No. 10 (2000-2009) - ARTICLE; [[United Nations]]]</ref><ref>Eckart Klein: ''United Nations, Specialized Agencies'', para.9. In: [http://www.mpepil.com Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law].</ref> khaas ah kuwaasi oo qabta shaqooyin kala duwan ayagoo matalata Qaramada Midoobay. Hadaba 15ka wakiil khaaska ahi waa kuwan:<ref>[http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/structure/index.shtml UN structure and organization, Specialized Agencies]</ref> ===Wakiilada QM iyo Ururo La Xidhiidha=== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left" ! Tiro ! Astaan ! Magaca ! Loo soo gaabiyo ! Xarun sare ! La Aasaasay ! Wadanada Xubnaha ! Maabka iyo Tixraac |- | - | [[File:Emblem of the United Nations.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]] || QM, UN || Maraykanka, New York || 1945 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:United Nations membership of Sovereign States.png|100px]] [http://www.un.org/en/members/index.shtml] |- style="background:Lightgrey;" |colspan="10" align=center|Wakiilada Khaaska |- | 01. | [[File:FAO logo.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Cuntada iyo Dalaga]] || FAO, UCD || Talyaaniga, Roma || 1945 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:FAO members and observers.png|100px]] [http://www.fao.org/unfao/govbodies/membernations_reg_en.asp] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fao.org/unfao/govbodies/membernations_reg_en.asp |date=20110308165510 }} |- | 02. | [[File:Flag of ICAO.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Adeega Duulista Caalamiga]] || ICAO || Kanada, Montreal || 1947 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] || [[File:ICAO.png|100px]] [http://www.icao.int/icao/en/members.htm] |- | 03. | || [[Kharashka Horumarinta Beeraha Caalamka]] || IFAD || Talyaaniga, Rome || 1977 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:IFAD.png|100px]] [http://www.ifad.org/governance/ifad/ms.htm] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ifad.org/governance/ifad/ms.htm |date=20130803225339 }} |- | 04. | [[File:Flag of ILO.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Shaqaalaha Aduunka]] || ILO || Switzerland, Jeniifa || 1919 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:International Labour Organization.png|100px]] [http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/country.htm] |- | 05. | [[File:Flag of the International Maritime Organization.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Badaha Aduunka]] || IMO, UBA || UK, London || 1959 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:IMO Participation.svg|100px]] [http://www.imo.org/about/mainframe.asp?topic_id=315] {{Wayback|url=http://www.imo.org/about/mainframe.asp?topic_id=315 |date=20100706013451 }} |- | 06. | || [[Ururka Sicirka Lacagta Caalamka]]|| IMF || Maraykanka, Washington, D.C. || 1945 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] || [[File:International Monetary Fund.png|100px]] [http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.htm] |- | 07. | || [[Midowga Isgaarsiinta Caalamiga]] || ITU || Switzerland, Jeniifa || 1865 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:Member states of the International Telecommunication Union.png|100px]] [http://www.itu.int/cgi-bin/htsh/mm/scripts/mm.list?_search=ITUstates&_languageid=1] |- | 08. | [[File:Flag of UNESCO.svg|50px]] || [[UNESCO|Ururka Waxbarashada, Sayniska iyo Dhaqanka]] || UNESCO || Faransiiska, Baaris || 1946 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:UNESCO member states.png|100px]] [http://erc.unesco.org/portal/UNESCOMemberStates.asp?language=en] {{Wayback|url=http://erc.unesco.org/portal/UNESCOMemberStates.asp?language=en |date=20120722105404 }} |- | 09. ||| [[Machadka Cilmibaadhista Cadaada iyo Dabagalka Dambiyada]] || UNIDO || Usteeriya, Fiyenna || 1985 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:UNIDO.png|100px]] [http://www.unido.org/index.php?id=o3359] |- | 10. | [[File:Flag of UPU.svg|50px]] || [[Midoowga Adeega Boostada Caalamka]] || UPU || Switzerland, Bern || 1874 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:Universal Postal Union membership.png|100px]] [http://www.upu.int/en/the-upu/member-countries.html] {{Wayback|url=http://www.upu.int/en/the-upu/member-countries.html |date=20190321182115 }} |- | 11. | [[File:World Bank logo.svg|50px]] || [[Bankiga Aduunka]] || WBG || USA, Washington, D.C. || 1945 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:World Bank Group.png|100px]] [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/ORGANIZATION/BODEXT/0,,contentMDK:20122871~menuPK:64020025~pagePK:64020054~piPK:64020408~theSitePK:278036~isCURL:Y,00.html] {{Wayback|url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/ORGANIZATION/BODEXT/0,,contentMDK:20122871~menuPK:64020025~pagePK:64020054~piPK:64020408~theSitePK:278036~isCURL:Y,00.html |date=20121009131218 }} |- | 12. | [[File:Flag of WHO.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]] || WHO || Switzerland, Jeniifa || 1948 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:World Health Organization membership status map.png|100px]] [http://www.who.int/countries/en/] |- | 13. | <!-- Do NOT place non-free content here, per WP:NFTABLE --> || [[Ururka Goaanka Mulkiyada Aduunka]] || WIPO || Switzerland, Geneva || 1967 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) members world map.png|100px]] [http://www.wipo.int/members/en/] |- | 14. | [[File:Flag of the World Meteorological Organization.svg|50px]] || [[Ururka Saadaasha Hawada Aduunka]] || WMO || Switzerland, Geneva || 1950 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:World Meteorological Organization (WMO) members - states and territories.png|100px]] [http://www.wmo.int/pages/members/membership/index_en.html] |- | 15. | <!-- Do NOT place non-free content here, per WP:NFTABLE --> || [[Ururka Dalxiiska Dunida]] || UNWTO || Isbayn, Madrid || 1974 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:UNWTO.png|100px]] [http://www.unwto.org/states/index.php] {{Wayback|url=http://www.unwto.org/states/index.php |date=20070715221037 }} |- style="background:Lightgrey;" |colspan="10" align=center|Ururo Kale La Xidhiidha |- | 16. | ||[[Ururka Diyaarinta Mamnuucida Tijaabinta Nukliyeerka]]|| CTBTO Prep Com || Usteriya, Vienna || 1996 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:CTBT Participation.svg|100px]] [http://www.ctbto.org/the-treaty/status-of-signature-and-ratification/] |- | 17. | [[File:Flag of IAEA.svg|50px]] || [[Wakaalada Awooda Atomik Aduunka]] || IAEA || Austria, Vienna || 1957 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:IAEA member states.svg|100px]] [http://www.iaea.org/About/Policy/MemberStates/] |- | 18. | || [[Ururka Mamnuucida Hubka Kimiko]] || OPCW || Holland, Heeg || 1997 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:CWC Participation.svg|100px]] [http://www.opcw.org/about-opcw/member-states/] |- | 19. | <!-- Do NOT place non-free content here, per WP:NFTABLE --> || [[Ururka Ganacsiga Aduunka]] || WTO || Switzerland, Jeniifa || 1995 | * [[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Xubnaha QM]] | [[File:WTO members and observers.svg|100px]] [http://www.wto.int/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wto.int/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm |date=20120105135547 }} |} ==Qoraalo La Xidhiidha== *[[ICAO]] *[[UNESCO]] *[[UNICEF]] *[[Bankiga Aduunka]] *[[Hayada Cuntada Aduunka]] *[[Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka]] {{Commons|United Nations}} *[[Maalinta Xusuusta Holocaust ee Caalamiga]] *[[Qaramada Midoobay]] * [[Maalinta Xusuusta Holocaust ee Caalamiga]] {{Commons|United Nations}} {{Portal bar|Qaramada Midoobay}} {{QM}} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Qaramada Midoobay]] [[Category:Ururada caalamiga ah]] [[Category:Wadan]] [[Category:Dhul]] {{Commons|United Nations}} sewm7h0gg1g3vzcixmburtaqwab8lvf Dalalka Kommonwelth 0 8028 300971 274287 2026-07-07T13:24:41Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 300971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox geopolitical organisation | magaca = Qaranka Barwaaqo Sooranka | linking_name = The Commonwealth of Nations | image_flag = | symbol_type = Logo | image_symbol = | symbol_width = 525px | image_map = [[File:Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations.svg|500px|center]] | map_caption = [[Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations|Xubin ah ka tirsan Dalalka Kommonwelt]] | org_type = [[Intergovernmental organization|Intergovernmental organisation]] | membership_type = Member states | membership = {{collapsible list | titlestyle = background: transparent; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; | title = [[Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations|53 states]] | {{nowrap|{{flagcountry|Antigua and Barbuda}}}} | {{flaglist|Australia}} | {{flaglist|Bahamas}} | {{flaglist|Bangladesh}} | {{flaglist|Barbados}} | {{flaglist|Belize}} | {{flaglist|Botswana}} | {{flaglist|Brunei}} | {{flaglist|Cameroon}} | {{flaglist|Canada}} | {{flaglist|Cyprus}} | {{flaglist|Dominica}} | {{flaglist|Fiji}} | {{flaglist|Gambia}} | {{flaglist|Ghana}} | {{flaglist|Grenada}} | {{flaglist|Guyana}} | {{flaglist|India}} | {{flaglist|Jamaica}} | {{flaglist|Kenya}} | {{flaglist|Kiribati}} | {{flaglist|Lesotho}} | {{flaglist|Malawi}} | {{flaglist|Malaysia}} | {{flaglist|Malta}} | {{flaglist|Mauritius}} | {{flaglist|Mozambique}} | {{flaglist|Namibia}} | {{flaglist|Nauru}} | {{nowrap|{{flaglist|New Zealand}}}} | {{flaglist|Nigeria}} | {{flaglist|Pakistan}} | {{nowrap|{{flaglist|Papua New Guinea}}}} | {{flaglist|Rwanda}} | {{nowrap|{{flaglist|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}}} | {{nowrap|{{flaglist|Saint Lucia}}}} | {{nowrap|{{flaglist|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}}} | {{flaglist|Samoa}} | {{flaglist|Seychelles}} | {{nowrap|{{flaglist|Sierra Leone}}}} | {{flaglist|Singapore}} | {{nowrap|{{flaglist|Solomon Islands}}}} | {{nowrap|{{flaglist|South Africa}}}} | {{nowrap|{{flaglist|Sri Lanka}}}} | {{flaglist|Swaziland}} | {{flaglist|Tanzania}} | {{flaglist|Tonga}} | {{nowrap|{{flaglist|Trinidad and Tobago}}}} | {{flaglist|Tuvalu}} | {{flaglist|Uganda}} | {{nowrap|{{flaglist|United Kingdom}}}} | {{flaglist|Vanuatu}} | {{flaglist|Zambia}} }} | admin_center_type = [[Magaalo madaxda]] | admin_center = [[London]], [[United Kingdom]] | nooca_ingiriiska = [[English in the Commonwealth of Nations|Working language]] | languages = [[English language|English]] | leader_title1 = [[Madaxa Barwaaqo Sooranka|Madaxa]] | Hagaamiyaha_magiciisa1 = [[Elizabeth II]] (designate - [[Prince Charles]]) | leader_title2 = {{nowrap|[[Commonwealth Secretary-General|Secretary-General]]}} | leader_name2 = [[Patricia Scotland]] | leader_title3 = {{nowrap|[[Commonwealth Chair-in-Office|Chair-in-Office]]}} | leader_name3 = [[Theresa May]] | established_event1 = {{nowrap|[[Balfour Declaration of 1926|Balfour Declaration]]}} | established_date1 = 19 November 1926 | established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[Statute of Westminster 1931|Statute of Westminster]]}} | established_date2 = {{nowrap|11 December 1931<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.civilservice.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/AnnexB_Commonwealth.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206072849/http://www.civilservice.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/AnnexB_Commonwealth.pdf |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2011-12-06 |title=Annex B — Territories Forming Part of the Commonwealth |date=September 2011 |publisher=[[Her Majesty's Civil Service]] |accessdate=19 November 2013}}</ref>}} | established_event3 = {{nowrap|[[London Declaration]]}} | established_date3 = 28 April 1949 | area_km2 = 29,958,050 | area_sq_mi = 11,566,870 | population_estimate = 2,418,964,000 | population_estimate_year = 2016 | population_density_km2 = 75 | population_density_sq_mi = 194 | GDP_PPP = $14.623 trillion | GDP_PPP_year = 2014 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $6,222 | GDP_nominal = $12.050 trillion | GDP_nominal_year = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $4,446 | official_website = {{URL|http://thecommonwealth.org/}} | footnotes = }} '''Dalalka Barwaaqo soranka ''' ([[Ingiriis]] Commonwealth of Nations) Oo loosoo gaabiyo ('''CN''') Waa Urur ka kooban 53 Dawladood oo dhamaantood ah Gobolo hore uga mid ahaan jiray [[Midowga boqortooyada Britan]] Dawlada Dhexe ee Commonwealth, oo inta badan loo yaqaan 'Commonwealth', [2] waa hay'ad dawladeed oo ka kooban 53 xubnood oo ka mid ah dowladaha ugu badan ee ka soo jeeda Boqortooyada Ingiriiska. Hay'adaha ugu weyn ee ururka ayaa ah Xoghaynta Dawlada Dhexe, oo diiradda saara dhinacyada dawladaha ka dhexeeya, iyo Ururka Dawlada Dhexe, oo diiradda saaraya xiriirka aan dowliga ahayn ee ka dhaxeeya wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Dawlada Dhexe waxay dib ugu soo noqotaa qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 20aad iyadoo la qabsaday amarka Boqortooyada Ingiriiska iyada oo loo marayo is-xukunka is-xukunka ee dhulkeeda. Waxaa asal ahaan asal ahaan loo abuuray British Commonwealth Nations [5] iyada oo loo marayo Baaqa Balfour ee Shirkii Imperial Imperial ee 1926, waxaana lagu dhawaaqay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska iyada oo loo marayo Xeerka Westminster ee 1931. Dawlada hadda jirta ee Qaramada Midoobay waxaa si rasmi ah loo asaasay Baaqa London 1949, taas oo casriyeysey bulshada, waxayna aasaaseen waddamada xubnaha ka ah "xor ah oo siman". [6] Astaanta ururkan lacag la'aanta ah waa Queen Elizabeth II, oo ah Head of the Commonwealth. Boqoradda ayaa madax u ah 16 dal, oo loo yaqaan 'Commonwealth realms', halka 32 xubnood oo kale ay yihiin Jamhuuriyiin iyo shan kale oo leh boqortooyo kala duwan. Mawqifka Crown ayaa sharci ahaan ka duwanaa booska boqortooyada iyo jagada Madaxa Dawlada Dhexe. == Daladaha Xubnaha ka ah == * [[File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg|25px]] [[Antigua iyo Barbuda]]. * [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|25px]] [[Australia]]. * {{Flag|United Kingdom}} * [[File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg|25px]] [[Bahamas]] * [[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|25px]] [[Bangladesh]] * [[File:Flag of Barbados.svg|25px]] [[Barbados]] * [[File:Flag of Belize.svg|25px]] [[Belise]] * [[File:Flag of Botswana.svg|25px]] [[Botswana]]. * [[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|25px]] [[Barunay]] * [[File:Flag of Canada.svg|25px]] [[Kanada]] * [[File:Flag of Cyprus.svg|25px]] [[Jasiirada Qabrus]] * [[File:Flag of Dominica.svg|25px]] [[Dominika]] * [[File:Flag of Fiji.svg|25px]] [[Fiji]] * [[File:Flag of The Gambia.svg|25px]] [[Gambia]] * [[File:Flag of Ghana.svg|25px]] [[Gaana]] * [[File:Flag of Grenada.svg|25px]] [[Grenada]] * [[File:Flag of Jamaica.svg|25px]] [[Jamayka]] * [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|25px]] [[Kiinya]] * [[File:Flag of Kiribati.svg|25px]] [[Kiribati]] * [[File:Flag of Lesotho.svg|25px]] [[Lesotho]] * [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|25px]] [[Malaawi]] * [[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|25px]] [[Malaysiya]] * [[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|25px]] [[Jasiirada Maldiif]] [[Category:Ururada caalamiga ah]] ==sido kale fiiri== a166po8hbi9tn2v98e2wbxc63hrffdx Wacbuudhan Abgaal 0 9660 301072 296307 2026-07-08T11:36:32Z ~2026-38802-99 46399 /* Faanka iyo Sugaanta */ 301072 wikitext text/x-wiki Beesha '''Wacbuudhan Abgaal''' ({{lang-so|Wacbuudhan}}, {{lang-en|Wacbudhan}}) waa beel ka mid ah 9ka Abgaal Cismaan waana midka ugu tiro badan oo ugu dhul wayn. {{Short description|Somali clan}} {{About|the Somali clan}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Wacbudhan | flag = [[File:Hirshabeelle.png | thumb | 60px]] [[File:Flag of Mogadishu, Somalia.svg | thumb | 60px | right]] | region1 = {{flagcountry|Somalia}} | langs = [[Somali language|Somali]], [[Arabic]], | rels = [[Islam]] | related-c = [[Harti]], [[Waceysle]], [[Mudulood]], iyo beelaha kale ee beesha [[Hawiye]].}} ==Meelahay dagto== Beesha waxayna degtaa Xamar oo Wacbudhan asal u leh iyo Shabellaha Dheexe oo ay ka dagaan 8/10 degmo waana qabiilka ugu tiro badan oo Shabellaha Dhexe dago. Waxey kaloo dagaan Shabellaha Hoose sida magaloyinka Marka, Baraawe, Afgooye iyo magalooyin badan. Ethiopia waxey ka dagaan Deganada Somalida ee Ethiopia oo loo yaqaano DDS oo degmoyinka kala ah Iimeey iyo Liben Zone. Kenya waxey ka dagaan Deganada Somalida ee Kenya oo kala ah Gobolka Wajir. Gobolka Wajir waxaa dago Reer Mataan laf ka mid ah oo la dhaho Maxamud, Samatar iyo Macow Mataan oo maanta la qaaran ah beesha Dagodia oo gobolka Wajir u badan. Waxey kala degaan Jubbada Dhexe iyo Jubbada Hoose qeybo ka mid ah. ==Sidey u kala baxdo== Beesha waxay u kala baxdaa 4 jufo oo waa weyn waxayna kala yihiin: 1-Danweyne Wacbudhan 2- Doole Wacbudhan 3- Kabaale Wacbudhan 4- hartacaso wacbudhan * Abgaal ** Wacbudhan ***Danweyne ****Yonis Danweyne *****Maxamed Yonis *****Muuse maalin *****Muuse maalin    *  Cumar maalin       *Cubeyd maalin      * Kurtumoow *****Aadan Yonis *****Gafoow yonis *****Xuseen Yonis ******Sahal Koraye ******Xeyle sahal ******Koshin sahal ******Maxamud sahal ******Diirshe sahal ******Farah sahal ******Ahmed sahal *****Galmaax Yonis ******Cumar Galmaax *******Celi Cumar ********Cosoble Celi ********Xasan-Gaab Celi ********Shige Celi ********Cali Celi ********Ibraahim Celi ********Geesaweyn Celi *******Reer Mataan ********Bariise Mataan ********Diinle Mataan ********Duliye Mataan ******Yusuf Galmaax *******Wehliye Muuse *******Maxamed Muuse *******Birkaanle ********Tuuryar ********Dhiblaawe Tuuryar ********Suubiye Tuuryar *******Soomane ********Absuge Soomane ********Arwaaq Soomane ********Fiise Soomane ********Maalinle Soomane ********Faarax Soomane ********Geedi Soomane ********Xasan-Cariif Soomane ******Cabdulle Galmaax *******Cumar Fool *******Faarax Shige *******Cigaal Gacal *******Kuusow Cumar *******Cadow Dhere *******Dudeey Macalin *******Cumar Suubiye *******Cabdulle eybakar *******reer Faqay *******C/kariin cumar *******Gacal Faqay *******cubed Maalin *******Reer Owciire *******Gacal Suubiye *******Warfaay Cumar *******agoon Cabdulle *******gacal Suubiye *******shige Gureey agoon *******macalin dheere agoon *******cumar Agoon ***Doole Wacbudhan ****Daauud *****Isaaq Dauud ******Calooley *******Qubeys *******Dhigbil *******Cali dhigbil ********Cumar Dhigbil *********Xalfooy Cumar *********Muuse Cumar **********Ciroole Muuse ***********Cabdi ciroole ***********Adam Ciroole ***********Cabdiraxman Ciroole ***********Gashaan Ciroole ***********Gacal Ciroole ***********Cali Ciroole ***********Dabaleeb Ciroole **********Cali Muuse ***********Adam Cali ***********Suufi Cali ***********Dhagafiiq Cali ***********Cismaan Cali ***********Macallim Cali ***********Cabdalle Cali **********Idiris Muuse *********Yoocaale Cumar ********Cali Dhigbil ******Cali Isaaq ******Soomane Isaaq ******Cabdulle Isaaq *****Yusuf Dauud ******Cabdulle Yusuf *******Muuse Cabdulle ********Aadan Muuse *********Sugwaay Adan *********Sangaab Muuse ********Ibraahim maxaa dheere ********Roobsuge muuse ******Cabdalle-Yar ***Kabaale Wacbudhan ****Saleeban Muse *****Roobsuge Saleeban *****Qoorsal Saleeban ******Aadan Maxamed ******Goley *******Afrax-Maxad-Yar *******Aruuris ****Xeyle Muse *****Idiris Yabarow ******Cabdalle Idiris ******Dhegayare Idiris *******Jibriil *****Calaacul ******Maanweyn Calaacul ******Maxaa Cade ******Ali Sabuul ******Ilkagaduud. ******hartacaso wacbudhan ******Tolwayne hartacaso ******Yabadhaal hartacaso ==Dadka ugu caansan== Wacbuudhan Abgaal waa beesha ugu badan tiro ahaan hadana qabata Gudoomiyaha Gobolka Banaadir. ===Siyaasiinta=== * Nur Xasan Xusen (Nur Adde) * Sheekh Cali Sheekh MuuSe(Cabdulle Cood) * Genaral Jilacow *Wasiir Eng Axmadey Sh. Xassan *Siyaasi Xuseen Xassan(Xuseen Dheere) *Siyaasi Senator Muse Sudi Yalaxow *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Cumar Finish *Siyaasi Hon Bashir moallim Ali Hassan *Siyaasi Ahmed Ali mohamed (Ahmed Sakin) *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Axmed Meyre Makaran *Siyaasi Amb. Maxamed Cali America * Siyaasi Axmed Maxamed Neegar * Siyaasi Cabdiraxmaan Kooli *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Jeneral Muungaab *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Sh Yusuf Madaale *Siyaasi Xildhibaan Yuusuf Kabaale *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Axmed Daaci *Siyaasi Cabdullahi Sheikh Hassan *Siyaasi cabdiraxman Cumar Cisman Eng-Yarisow *Siyaasi Ambasador Jamal Xaaji Axmed *Siyaasi Omar Abdullahi ( Qoryooley ) *Siyaasi Sh Yusuf Haji Nor *Siyaasi Xildhibaan Xasan Saney Barre. *Siyaasi Xildhiban Carabow *Siyaasi Xildhibaan Ruqiyo Abshir Nuur *Siyaasi xildhibaan Mino Xasan Shibis *Siyaasi Shador Xaaji Shadoor *Siyaasi xildhibaan Xuseen Caraale * Siyaasi Xildhibaan Sh Maxamed Maxamud *Siyaasi Cabdicasiis cali ibraahim (Cabdicasiis Xildhibaan) *siyaasi xildhibaan Cismaan Xaadoole ===Faanka iyo Sugaanta=== *Abwaan Maxamed Gacal Xaayow *Abwaan Cabdulle Raage Taraawiil *Laashin Cabdulle macalin Cagoole *Abwaan Faarax Gololeey *Abwaan Xuseen Sh Axmed Kadare *Abwaan Cabdiqadir Sanka *Fanaanad Binti Cumar Gacal *Fanaanad Xabiibo Xasan Tooxow *Fanaan Bashiir Xuseen *Fanaan Xaawo Kiin *Fanaanad Ikraan Caraale *Fanaanad Amal Aragsan *Fanaan Fowsiyo Fanka *Fanaan Axmed kaafi AK *Fanaan Khadar Keeyow ===Sarakiisha=== *General Cali Maxamed Cali (Cali Shariif) * General Caaqil aweys elmy * General Sh Nuur Maxamed Shiiqa Jowhar * Cornel. Cabdisalaan Naxar (cornel Xabe) *Cornel Eng. Maxamed Nuur Cambuurre *General Axmed Jilacow Cadow(Godka Jilacow) *General Hassan Maxamed Hussein (Mungaab) *General Ibrahim Moalim abdulllahi joqof *General Cismaan Xaadoole *G/lle Dhexe Mukhtaar Cabdulle Nuur *Generaal Cali Calasow *Generaal Axmed sheikh caddow nuur *Generaal Maxamed Xuseen Axmed wadan (G.N.Dhaxaaye) * General Ibraahim Maxamed *Generaal Mohamuud Xaaji Cali *G/sare Shuceyb Nuur Cambuure *Gaashaanle sare Ali cabduqadir Cali (Cali yare) *Gaashaanle sare Qondhe Nuur *G/Dhexe Abukar Cali Maxamed Abukar Boonow * General Maxamed Maxamud Saney *Gaashaanle Yaasin Geedi Suubiye *Gaashaanle Jilacow Maxamed Gacal *Gaashanle Eng. C/qaadir Maxamed Nuur Cambuure *Gaashaanle Yuusuf Cumar Makaraan (yaanyo) * ===Aqoonyahanada=== *Prof. Abdirahmaan Abdullahi Baadiyow *Ganacsade Eng. Liban Mohamed Nur Ambure *Prof. Mohamed Osoble Mohamud( prof Osoble) *Prof Marooko *Prof. Arabow Ibrahim Nur *Prof. Muhudin Hassan Yabarow (Prof Yabarow) *Garyaqaan Dr. Yasin Haji Ambure Gudoomiyaha Hay'adda ACORDO *Dr ABDULLAHI Ali Qoryooley *Dr Ahmed ALI Abdullahi (LEGAALE) *Dr. Hassan Mohamed Sheikh (Bayaan) *Col. Mohamed Nur Baarqab (Maareyihii Som.Tex) *Drs. Mariam Abdulkadir Mohamed Nur Ambure *Dr Sh Eng Ahmed Omar Alasow *Sh Mohamed Kulmiye Axmed *Mr. Mohamed Diini Mohamed Nuur (Aqoon yahaan bartay Ganacsiga iyo Dhaqaalaha) * Xuseen Ibraahim Maxamud (Alxaaji) * Dr Mohamed Morroco * Dr Hassan Muhudin Hassan * ENG Mohamed Abshir Nur * ENG Abdirahman Yusuf Bocor * Eng Zakariye Cumar Makaraan *Dr. Yasin Ahmed Osman Milkiilaha Nootaayada Al-Aamin *Shiikh Dr Mohamed Omar Makaran aqoonyahan ku takhasusay shareecada islaamka iyo caafimaadka *Marwo Sabah Nur Hassan Xubin ka ah Ganacsatada Dalka USA, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Uganda & Somalia ===Wariyeyaasha === Aamino muuse weheliye ( ma aha wacbuudhan) * Bashir Ali Shire * Biibto * Mohamed Muhiadin Ali *Hassan Mohamed Mohamud Fanax * Al Axmed * Xuurshe *Jeeri * Abdirahman Hudeyfi * Mohamed Daauud (Yuumbi) * Mohamed Abdulle Siidi * Abdiaziz Hassan Golf Yare * Shadoor * Nur Hassan Nur Buqaari. *Abdijibar Yusuf Bocor * Hussein abdulle mohamed * Abdullahi kulmiye cadow *Abdikamil yusuf mohamud # Zakariye Axmed Muse * Mohamed Omar Mohamoud (Baakaay) *Abdullahi Moh'ed (Abdullahi Daacad) *Suleiman Haji Ahmed Rage *Kiin Cumar Makaraan ===Dhaqatiirta=== * Dr Mohamed Abukar Sheik Nor ( Dr Aayaha . * Dr Mohamed Ali Sheik Mohamud (Dr Macsaro) * Dr Adnan Ahmed Shire(Dr shire) * Dr Abdullahi Ali Mohamud ( Qoryoley ) * Dr. Abdullaahi Husein * Dr.JAlaaludiin * Dr.Noradin Legaale * Dr.Jimcaale * Dr.Adnaan Abudllahi Hussein * Dr. Hassan Mohamed Nur * Dr.Hassan Xaayow * Dr Xeydar Cali Raage *Dr. Zakarie Osman Adow profssorka. * Dr Abdullahi Maxamud Salax * Dr Abdiwali Yusuf Bocor * Dr Abdullahi Sheikh Hassan (Ciro) * Dr Abdullahi nor buubshe ( cadani) * Dr Abdullahi nur omar ( Dr. Guraash ) * Dr Nur omar warsame ( Dr. Sheekh Nur ) * Dr Abdirahman nur omar ( Dr Ag ) * Dr Muhuadin Omar Mataan (Dr matan) * Dr Axmed Ali uley (Axmed young) mb1yetom9nb53465b5bwtxxjkg29nvb 301073 301072 2026-07-08T11:39:02Z ~2026-38802-99 46399 /* Siyaasiinta */ 301073 wikitext text/x-wiki Beesha '''Wacbuudhan Abgaal''' ({{lang-so|Wacbuudhan}}, {{lang-en|Wacbudhan}}) waa beel ka mid ah 9ka Abgaal Cismaan waana midka ugu tiro badan oo ugu dhul wayn. {{Short description|Somali clan}} {{About|the Somali clan}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Wacbudhan | flag = [[File:Hirshabeelle.png | thumb | 60px]] [[File:Flag of Mogadishu, Somalia.svg | thumb | 60px | right]] | region1 = {{flagcountry|Somalia}} | langs = [[Somali language|Somali]], [[Arabic]], | rels = [[Islam]] | related-c = [[Harti]], [[Waceysle]], [[Mudulood]], iyo beelaha kale ee beesha [[Hawiye]].}} ==Meelahay dagto== Beesha waxayna degtaa Xamar oo Wacbudhan asal u leh iyo Shabellaha Dheexe oo ay ka dagaan 8/10 degmo waana qabiilka ugu tiro badan oo Shabellaha Dhexe dago. Waxey kaloo dagaan Shabellaha Hoose sida magaloyinka Marka, Baraawe, Afgooye iyo magalooyin badan. Ethiopia waxey ka dagaan Deganada Somalida ee Ethiopia oo loo yaqaano DDS oo degmoyinka kala ah Iimeey iyo Liben Zone. Kenya waxey ka dagaan Deganada Somalida ee Kenya oo kala ah Gobolka Wajir. Gobolka Wajir waxaa dago Reer Mataan laf ka mid ah oo la dhaho Maxamud, Samatar iyo Macow Mataan oo maanta la qaaran ah beesha Dagodia oo gobolka Wajir u badan. Waxey kala degaan Jubbada Dhexe iyo Jubbada Hoose qeybo ka mid ah. ==Sidey u kala baxdo== Beesha waxay u kala baxdaa 4 jufo oo waa weyn waxayna kala yihiin: 1-Danweyne Wacbudhan 2- Doole Wacbudhan 3- Kabaale Wacbudhan 4- hartacaso wacbudhan * Abgaal ** Wacbudhan ***Danweyne ****Yonis Danweyne *****Maxamed Yonis *****Muuse maalin *****Muuse maalin    *  Cumar maalin       *Cubeyd maalin      * Kurtumoow *****Aadan Yonis *****Gafoow yonis *****Xuseen Yonis ******Sahal Koraye ******Xeyle sahal ******Koshin sahal ******Maxamud sahal ******Diirshe sahal ******Farah sahal ******Ahmed sahal *****Galmaax Yonis ******Cumar Galmaax *******Celi Cumar ********Cosoble Celi ********Xasan-Gaab Celi ********Shige Celi ********Cali Celi ********Ibraahim Celi ********Geesaweyn Celi *******Reer Mataan ********Bariise Mataan ********Diinle Mataan ********Duliye Mataan ******Yusuf Galmaax *******Wehliye Muuse *******Maxamed Muuse *******Birkaanle ********Tuuryar ********Dhiblaawe Tuuryar ********Suubiye Tuuryar *******Soomane ********Absuge Soomane ********Arwaaq Soomane ********Fiise Soomane ********Maalinle Soomane ********Faarax Soomane ********Geedi Soomane ********Xasan-Cariif Soomane ******Cabdulle Galmaax *******Cumar Fool *******Faarax Shige *******Cigaal Gacal *******Kuusow Cumar *******Cadow Dhere *******Dudeey Macalin *******Cumar Suubiye *******Cabdulle eybakar *******reer Faqay *******C/kariin cumar *******Gacal Faqay *******cubed Maalin *******Reer Owciire *******Gacal Suubiye *******Warfaay Cumar *******agoon Cabdulle *******gacal Suubiye *******shige Gureey agoon *******macalin dheere agoon *******cumar Agoon ***Doole Wacbudhan ****Daauud *****Isaaq Dauud ******Calooley *******Qubeys *******Dhigbil *******Cali dhigbil ********Cumar Dhigbil *********Xalfooy Cumar *********Muuse Cumar **********Ciroole Muuse ***********Cabdi ciroole ***********Adam Ciroole ***********Cabdiraxman Ciroole ***********Gashaan Ciroole ***********Gacal Ciroole ***********Cali Ciroole ***********Dabaleeb Ciroole **********Cali Muuse ***********Adam Cali ***********Suufi Cali ***********Dhagafiiq Cali ***********Cismaan Cali ***********Macallim Cali ***********Cabdalle Cali **********Idiris Muuse *********Yoocaale Cumar ********Cali Dhigbil ******Cali Isaaq ******Soomane Isaaq ******Cabdulle Isaaq *****Yusuf Dauud ******Cabdulle Yusuf *******Muuse Cabdulle ********Aadan Muuse *********Sugwaay Adan *********Sangaab Muuse ********Ibraahim maxaa dheere ********Roobsuge muuse ******Cabdalle-Yar ***Kabaale Wacbudhan ****Saleeban Muse *****Roobsuge Saleeban *****Qoorsal Saleeban ******Aadan Maxamed ******Goley *******Afrax-Maxad-Yar *******Aruuris ****Xeyle Muse *****Idiris Yabarow ******Cabdalle Idiris ******Dhegayare Idiris *******Jibriil *****Calaacul ******Maanweyn Calaacul ******Maxaa Cade ******Ali Sabuul ******Ilkagaduud. ******hartacaso wacbudhan ******Tolwayne hartacaso ******Yabadhaal hartacaso ==Dadka ugu caansan== Wacbuudhan Abgaal waa beesha ugu badan tiro ahaan hadana qabata Gudoomiyaha Gobolka Banaadir. ===Siyaasiinta=== * Nur Xasan Xusen (Nur Adde) * Sheekh MuuSe(Cabdulle Cood) * Genaral Jilacow *Wasiir Eng Axmadey Sh. Xassan *Siyaasi Xuseen Xassan(Xuseen Dheere) *Siyaasi Senator Muse Sudi Yalaxow *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Cumar Finish *Siyaasi Hon Bashir moallim Ali Hassan *Siyaasi Ahmed Ali mohamed (Ahmed Sakin) *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Axmed Meyre Makaran *Siyaasi Amb. Maxamed Cali America * Siyaasi Axmed Maxamed Neegar * Siyaasi Cabdiraxmaan Kooli *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Jeneral Muungaab *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Sh Yusuf Madaale *Siyaasi Xildhibaan Yuusuf Kabaale *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Axmed Daaci *Siyaasi Cabdullahi Sheikh Hassan *Siyaasi cabdiraxman Cumar Cisman Eng-Yarisow *Siyaasi Ambasador Jamal Xaaji Axmed *Siyaasi Omar Abdullahi ( Qoryooley ) *Siyaasi Sheikh Cali Sheekh Muuse( Ex Gudoomiyihi JowHar *Siyaasi Sh Yusuf Haji Nor *Siyaasi Xildhibaan Xasan Saney Barre. *Siyaasi Xildhiban Carabow *Siyaasi Xildhibaan Ruqiyo Abshir Nuur *Siyaasi xildhibaan Mino Xasan Shibis *Siyaasi Shador Xaaji Shadoor *Siyaasi xildhibaan Xuseen Caraale * Siyaasi Xildhibaan Sh Maxamed Maxamud *Siyaasi Cabdicasiis cali ibraahim (Cabdicasiis Xildhibaan) *siyaasi xildhibaan Cismaan Xaadoole ===Faanka iyo Sugaanta=== *Abwaan Maxamed Gacal Xaayow *Abwaan Cabdulle Raage Taraawiil *Laashin Cabdulle macalin Cagoole *Abwaan Faarax Gololeey *Abwaan Xuseen Sh Axmed Kadare *Abwaan Cabdiqadir Sanka *Fanaanad Binti Cumar Gacal *Fanaanad Xabiibo Xasan Tooxow *Fanaan Bashiir Xuseen *Fanaan Xaawo Kiin *Fanaanad Ikraan Caraale *Fanaanad Amal Aragsan *Fanaan Fowsiyo Fanka *Fanaan Axmed kaafi AK *Fanaan Khadar Keeyow ===Sarakiisha=== *General Cali Maxamed Cali (Cali Shariif) * General Caaqil aweys elmy * General Sh Nuur Maxamed Shiiqa Jowhar * Cornel. Cabdisalaan Naxar (cornel Xabe) *Cornel Eng. Maxamed Nuur Cambuurre *General Axmed Jilacow Cadow(Godka Jilacow) *General Hassan Maxamed Hussein (Mungaab) *General Ibrahim Moalim abdulllahi joqof *General Cismaan Xaadoole *G/lle Dhexe Mukhtaar Cabdulle Nuur *Generaal Cali Calasow *Generaal Axmed sheikh caddow nuur *Generaal Maxamed Xuseen Axmed wadan (G.N.Dhaxaaye) * General Ibraahim Maxamed *Generaal Mohamuud Xaaji Cali *G/sare Shuceyb Nuur Cambuure *Gaashaanle sare Ali cabduqadir Cali (Cali yare) *Gaashaanle sare Qondhe Nuur *G/Dhexe Abukar Cali Maxamed Abukar Boonow * General Maxamed Maxamud Saney *Gaashaanle Yaasin Geedi Suubiye *Gaashaanle Jilacow Maxamed Gacal *Gaashanle Eng. C/qaadir Maxamed Nuur Cambuure *Gaashaanle Yuusuf Cumar Makaraan (yaanyo) * ===Aqoonyahanada=== *Prof. Abdirahmaan Abdullahi Baadiyow *Ganacsade Eng. Liban Mohamed Nur Ambure *Prof. Mohamed Osoble Mohamud( prof Osoble) *Prof Marooko *Prof. Arabow Ibrahim Nur *Prof. Muhudin Hassan Yabarow (Prof Yabarow) *Garyaqaan Dr. Yasin Haji Ambure Gudoomiyaha Hay'adda ACORDO *Dr ABDULLAHI Ali Qoryooley *Dr Ahmed ALI Abdullahi (LEGAALE) *Dr. Hassan Mohamed Sheikh (Bayaan) *Col. Mohamed Nur Baarqab (Maareyihii Som.Tex) *Drs. Mariam Abdulkadir Mohamed Nur Ambure *Dr Sh Eng Ahmed Omar Alasow *Sh Mohamed Kulmiye Axmed *Mr. Mohamed Diini Mohamed Nuur (Aqoon yahaan bartay Ganacsiga iyo Dhaqaalaha) * Xuseen Ibraahim Maxamud (Alxaaji) * Dr Mohamed Morroco * Dr Hassan Muhudin Hassan * ENG Mohamed Abshir Nur * ENG Abdirahman Yusuf Bocor * Eng Zakariye Cumar Makaraan *Dr. Yasin Ahmed Osman Milkiilaha Nootaayada Al-Aamin *Shiikh Dr Mohamed Omar Makaran aqoonyahan ku takhasusay shareecada islaamka iyo caafimaadka *Marwo Sabah Nur Hassan Xubin ka ah Ganacsatada Dalka USA, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Uganda & Somalia ===Wariyeyaasha === Aamino muuse weheliye ( ma aha wacbuudhan) * Bashir Ali Shire * Biibto * Mohamed Muhiadin Ali *Hassan Mohamed Mohamud Fanax * Al Axmed * Xuurshe *Jeeri * Abdirahman Hudeyfi * Mohamed Daauud (Yuumbi) * Mohamed Abdulle Siidi * Abdiaziz Hassan Golf Yare * Shadoor * Nur Hassan Nur Buqaari. *Abdijibar Yusuf Bocor * Hussein abdulle mohamed * Abdullahi kulmiye cadow *Abdikamil yusuf mohamud # Zakariye Axmed Muse * Mohamed Omar Mohamoud (Baakaay) *Abdullahi Moh'ed (Abdullahi Daacad) *Suleiman Haji Ahmed Rage *Kiin Cumar Makaraan ===Dhaqatiirta=== * Dr Mohamed Abukar Sheik Nor ( Dr Aayaha . * Dr Mohamed Ali Sheik Mohamud (Dr Macsaro) * Dr Adnan Ahmed Shire(Dr shire) * Dr Abdullahi Ali Mohamud ( Qoryoley ) * Dr. Abdullaahi Husein * Dr.JAlaaludiin * Dr.Noradin Legaale * Dr.Jimcaale * Dr.Adnaan Abudllahi Hussein * Dr. Hassan Mohamed Nur * Dr.Hassan Xaayow * Dr Xeydar Cali Raage *Dr. Zakarie Osman Adow profssorka. * Dr Abdullahi Maxamud Salax * Dr Abdiwali Yusuf Bocor * Dr Abdullahi Sheikh Hassan (Ciro) * Dr Abdullahi nor buubshe ( cadani) * Dr Abdullahi nur omar ( Dr. Guraash ) * Dr Nur omar warsame ( Dr. Sheekh Nur ) * Dr Abdirahman nur omar ( Dr Ag ) * Dr Muhuadin Omar Mataan (Dr matan) * Dr Axmed Ali uley (Axmed young) sdc9gyy638y94mak9m01oqxc5qrshte Template:Abyoone 10 16101 301000 300936 2026-07-07T13:58:23Z ~2026-34988-39 46219 301000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Abyoone |title=[[Abyoone]] |state=collapsed |listclass=hlist |style=clear:none; width:70%;min-width:40em |list1={{Navbox|child |title=[[0 (tiro)|0]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|zero|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *&nbsp;[[0 (tiro)|0]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[1 (tiro)|1]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[2 (tiro)|2]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[3 (tiro)|3]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[4 (tiro)|4]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[5 (tiro)|5]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[6 (tiro)|6]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[7 (tiro)|7]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[8 (tiro)|8]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[9 (tiro)|9]] |list2= *[[10 (tiro)|10]] *'''[[11 (tiro)|11]]''' *[[12 (tiro)|12]] *'''[[13 (tiro)|13]]''' *[[14 (tiro)|14]] *[[15 (tiro)|15]] *[[16 (tiro)|16]] *'''[[17 (tiro)|17]]''' *[[18 (tiro)|18]] *'''[[19 (tiro)|19]]''' |list3= *[[20 (tiro)|20]] *[[21 (tiro)|21]] *[[22 (tiro)|22]] *'''[[23 (tiro)|23]]''' *[[24 (tiro)|24]] *[[25 (tiro)|25]] *[[26 (tiro)|26]] *[[27 (tiro)|27]] *[[28 (tiro)|28]] *'''[[29 (tiro)|29]]''' |list4= *[[30 (tiro)|30]] *'''[[31 (tiro)|31]]''' *[[32 (tiro)|32]] *[[33 (tiro)|33]] *[[34 (tiro)|34]] *[[35 (tiro)|35]] *[[36 (tiro)|36]] *'''[[37 (tiro)|37]]''' *[[38 (tiro)|38]] *[[39 (tiro)|39]] |list5= *[[40 (tiro)|40]] *'''[[41 (tiro)|41]]''' *[[42 (tiro)|42]] *'''[[43 (tiro)|43]]''' *[[44 (tiro)|44]] *[[45 (tiro)|45]] *[[46 (tiro)|46]] *'''[[47 (tiro)|47]]''' *[[48 (tiro)|48]] *[[49 (tiro)|49]] |list6= *[[50 (tiro)|50]] *[[51 (tiro)|51]] *[[52 (tiro)|52]] *'''[[53 (tiro)|53]]''' *[[54 (tiro)|54]] *[[55 (tiro)|55]] *[[56 (tiro)|56]] *[[57 (tiro)|57]] *[[58 (tiro)|58]] *'''[[59 (tiro)|59]]''' |list7= *[[60 (tiro)|60]] *'''[[61 (tiro)|61]]''' *[[62 (tiro)|62]] *[[63 (tiro)|63]] *[[64 (tiro)|64]] *[[65 (tiro)|65]] *[[66 (tiro)|66]] *'''[[67 (tiro)|67]]''' *[[68 (tiro)|68]] *[[69 (tiro)|69]] |list8= *[[70 (tiro)|70]] *'''[[71 (tiro)|71]]''' *[[72 (tiro)|72]] *'''[[73 (tiro)|73]]''' *[[74 (tiro)|74]] *[[75 (tiro)|75]] *[[76 (tiro)|76]] *[[77 (tiro)|77]] *[[78 (tiro)|78]] *'''[[79 (tiro)|79]]''' |list9= *[[80 (tiro)|80]] *[[81 (tiro)|81]] *[[82 (tiro)|82]] *'''[[83 (tiro)|83]]''' *[[84 (tiro)|84]] *[[85 (tiro)|85]] *[[86 (tiro)|86]] *[[87 (tiro)|87]] *[[88 (tiro)|88]] *'''[[89 (tiro)|89]]''' |list10= *[[90 (tiro)|90]] *[[91 (tiro)|91]] *[[92 (tiro)|92]] *[[93 (tiro)|93]] *[[94 (tiro)|94]] *[[95 (tiro)|95]] *[[96 (tiro)|96]] *'''[[97 (tiro)|97]]''' *[[98 (tiro)|98]] *[[99 (tiro)|99]] }} |list2={{Navbox|child |title=[[100 (tiro)|100]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|1|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[100 (tiro)|100]] *'''[[101 (tiro)|101]]''' *[[102 (tiro)|102]] *'''[[103 (tiro)|103]]''' *[[104 (tiro)|104]] *[[105 (tiro)|105]] *[[106 (tiro)|106]] *'''[[107 (tiro)|107]]''' *[[108 (tiro)|108]] *'''[[109 (tiro)|109]]''' |list2= *[[110 (tiro)|110]] *[[111 (tiro)|111]] *[[112 (tiro)|112]] *'''[[113 (tiro)|113]]''' *[[114 (tiro)|114]] *[[115 (tiro)|115]] *[[116 (tiro)|116]] *[[117 (tiro)|117]] *[[118 (tiro)|118]] *[[119 (tiro)|119]] |list3= *[[120 (tiro)|120]] *[[121 (tiro)|121]] *[[122 (tiro)|122]] *[[123 (tiro)|123]] *[[124 (tiro)|124]] *[[125 (tiro)|125]] *[[126 (tiro)|126]] *'''[[127 (tiro)|127]]''' *[[128 (tiro)|128]] *[[129 (tiro)|129]] |list4= *[[130 (tiro)|130]] *'''[[131 (tiro)|131]]''' *[[132 (tiro)|132]] *[[133 (tiro)|133]] *[[134 (tiro)|134]] *[[135 (tiro)|135]] *[[136 (tiro)|136]] *'''[[137 (tiro)|137]]''' *[[138 (tiro)|138]] *'''[[139 (tiro)|139]]''' |list5= *[[140 (tiro)|140]] *[[141 (tiro)|141]] *[[142 (tiro)|142]] *[[143 (tiro)|143]] *[[144 (tiro)|144]] *[[145 (tiro)|145]] *[[146 (tiro)|146]] *[[147 (tiro)|147]] *[[148 (tiro)|148]] *'''[[149 (tiro)|149]]''' |list6= *[[150 (tiro)|150]] *'''[[151 (tiro)|151]]''' *[[152 (tiro)|152]] *[[153 (tiro)|153]] *[[154 (tiro)|154]] *[[155 (tiro)|155]] *[[156 (tiro)|156]] *'''[[157 (tiro)|157]]''' *[[158 (tiro)|158]] *[[159 (tiro)|159]] |list7= *[[160 (tiro)|160]] *[[161 (tiro)|161]] *[[162 (tiro)|162]] *'''[[163 (tiro)|163]]''' *[[164 (tiro)|164]] *[[165 (tiro)|165]] *[[166 (tiro)|166]] *'''[[167 (tiro)|167]]''' *[[168 (tiro)|168]] *[[169 (tiro)|169]] |list8= *[[170 (tiro)|170]] *[[171 (tiro)|171]] *[[172 (tiro)|172]] *'''[[173 (tiro)|173]]''' *[[174 (tiro)|174]] *[[175 (tiro)|175]] *[[176 (tiro)|176]] *[[177 (tiro)|177]] *[[178 (tiro)|178]] *'''[[179 (tiro)|179]]''' |list9= *[[180 (tiro)|180]] *'''[[181 (tiro)|181]]''' *[[182 (tiro)|182]] *[[183 (tiro)|183]] *[[184 (tiro)|184]] *[[185 (tiro)|185]] *[[186 (tiro)|186]] *[[187 (tiro)|187]] *[[188 (tiro)|188]] *[[189 (tiro)|189]] |list10= *[[190 (tiro)|190]] *'''[[191 (tiro)|191]]''' *[[192 (tiro)|192]] *'''[[193 (tiro)|193]]''' *[[194 (tiro)|194]] *[[195 (tiro)|195]] *[[196 (tiro)|196]] *'''[[197 (tiro)|197]]''' *[[198 (tiro)|198]] *'''[[199 (tiro)|199]]''' }} |list3={{Navbox|child |title=[[200 (tiro)|200]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|2|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[200 (tiro)|200]] *[[201 (tiro)|201]] *[[202 (tiro)|202]] *[[203 (tiro)|203]] *[[204 (tiro)|204]] *[[205 (tiro)|205]] *[[206 (tiro)|206]] *[[207 (tiro)|207]] *[[208 (tiro)|208]] *[[209 (tiro)|209]] |list2= *[[210 (tiro)|210]] *'''[[211 (tiro)|211]]''' *[[212 (tiro)|212]] *[[213 (tiro)|213]] *[[214 (tiro)|214]] *[[215 (tiro)|215]] *[[216 (tiro)|216]] *[[217 (tiro)|217]] *[[218 (tiro)|218]] *[[219 (tiro)|219]] |list3= *[[220 (tiro)|220]] *[[221 (tiro)|221]] *[[222 (tiro)|222]] *'''[[223 (tiro)|223]]''' *[[224 (tiro)|224]] *[[225 (tiro)|225]] *[[226 (tiro)|226]] *'''[[227 (tiro)|227]]''' *[[228 (tiro)|228]] *'''[[229 (tiro)|229]]''' |list4= *[[230 (tiro)|230]] *[[231 (tiro)|231]] *[[232 (tiro)|232]] *'''[[233 (tiro)|233]]''' *[[234 (tiro)|234]] *[[235 (tiro)|235]] *[[236 (tiro)|236]] *[[237 (tiro)|237]] *[[238 (tiro)|238]] *'''[[239 (tiro)|239]]''' |list5= *[[240 (tiro)|240]] *'''[[241 (tiro)|241]]''' *[[242 (tiro)|242]] *[[243 (tiro)|243]] *[[244 (tiro)|244]] *[[245 (tiro)|245]] *[[246 (tiro)|246]] *[[247 (tiro)|247]] *[[248 (tiro)|248]] *[[249 (tiro)|249]] |list6= *[[250 (tiro)|250]] *'''[[251 (tiro)|251]]''' *[[252 (tiro)|252]] *[[253 (tiro)|253]] *[[254 (tiro)|254]] *[[255 (tiro)|255]] *[[256 (tiro)|256]] *'''[[257 (tiro)|257]]''' *[[258 (tiro)|258]] *[[259 (tiro)|259]] |list7= *[[260 (tiro)|260]] *[[261 (tiro)|261]] *[[262 (tiro)|262]] *'''[[263 (tiro)|263]]''' *[[264 (tiro)|264]] *[[265 (tiro)|265]] *[[266 (tiro)|266]] *[[267 (tiro)|267]] *[[268 (tiro)|268]] *'''[[269 (tiro)|269]]''' |list8= *[[270 (tiro)|270]] *'''[[271 (tiro)|271]]''' *[[272 (tiro)|272]] *[[273 (tiro)|273]] *[[274 (tiro)|274]] *[[275 (tiro)|275]] *[[276 (tiro)|276]] *'''[[277 (tiro)|277]]''' *[[278 (tiro)|278]] *[[279 (tiro)|279]] |list9= *[[280 (tiro)|280]] *'''[[281 (tiro)|281]]''' *[[282 (tiro)|282]] *'''[[283 (tiro)|283]]''' *[[284 (tiro)|284]] *[[285 (tiro)|285]] *[[286 (tiro)|286]] *[[287 (tiro)|287]] *[[288 (tiro)|288]] *[[289 (tiro)|289]] |list10= *[[290 (tiro)|290]] *[[291 (tiro)|291]] *[[292 (tiro)|292]] *'''[[293 (tiro)|293]]''' *[[294 (tiro)|294]] *[[295 (tiro)|295]] *[[296 (tiro)|296]] *[[297 (tiro)|297]] *[[298 (tiro)|298]] *[[299 (tiro)|299]] }} |list4={{Navbox|child |title=[[300 (tiro)|300]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|3|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[300 (tiro)|300]] *[[301 (tiro)|301]] *[[302 (tiro)|302]] *[[303 (tiro)|303]] *[[304 (tiro)|304]] *[[305 (tiro)|305]] *[[306 (tiro)|306]] *'''[[307 (tiro)|307]]''' *[[308 (tiro)|308]] *[[309 (tiro)|309]] |list2= *[[310 (tiro)|310]] *'''[[311 (tiro)|311]]''' *[[312 (tiro)|312]] *'''[[313 (tiro)|313]]''' *[[314 (tiro)|314]] *[[315 (tiro)|315]] *[[316 (tiro)|316]] *'''[[317 (tiro)|317]]''' *[[318 (tiro)|318]] *[[319 (tiro)|319]] |list3= *[[320 (tiro)|320]] *[[321 (tiro)|321]] *[[322 (tiro)|322]] *[[323 (tiro)|323]] *[[324 (tiro)|324]] *[[325 (tiro)|325]] *[[326 (tiro)|326]] *[[327 (tiro)|327]] *[[328 (tiro)|328]] *[[329 (tiro)|329]] |list4= *[[330 (tiro)|330]] *'''[[331 (tiro)|331]] *[[332 (tiro)|332]] *[[333 (tiro)|333]] *[[334 (tiro)|334]] *[[335 (tiro)|335]] *[[336 (tiro)|336]] *'''[[337 (tiro)|337]]''' *[[338 (tiro)|338]] *[[339 (tiro)|339]] |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list5={{Navbox|child |title=[[400 (tiro)|400]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|4|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list6={{Navbox|child |title=[[500 (tiro)|500]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|5|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list7={{Navbox|child |title=[[600 (tiro)|600]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|6|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list8={{Navbox|child |title=[[700 (tiro)|700]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|7|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list9={{Navbox|child |title=[[800 (tiro)|800]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|8|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list10={{Navbox|child |title=[[900 (tiro)|900]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|9|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |below=Tirooyinka qoraalkooda la waaweyneeyay waa [[Tiro mutuxan|tirooyin mutuxan]]}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Tusmo xisaab]] </noinclude> gckrgd2nt5d0qbx0okunzkupndsti2z 301007 301000 2026-07-07T14:20:32Z ~2026-34988-39 46219 301007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Abyoone |title=[[Abyoone]] |state=collapsed |listclass=hlist |style=clear:none; width:70%;min-width:40em |list1={{Navbox|child |title=[[0 (tiro)|0]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|zero|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *&nbsp;[[0 (tiro)|0]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[1 (tiro)|1]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[2 (tiro)|2]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[3 (tiro)|3]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[4 (tiro)|4]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[5 (tiro)|5]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[6 (tiro)|6]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[7 (tiro)|7]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[8 (tiro)|8]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[9 (tiro)|9]] |list2= *[[10 (tiro)|10]] *'''[[11 (tiro)|11]]''' *[[12 (tiro)|12]] *'''[[13 (tiro)|13]]''' *[[14 (tiro)|14]] *[[15 (tiro)|15]] *[[16 (tiro)|16]] *'''[[17 (tiro)|17]]''' *[[18 (tiro)|18]] *'''[[19 (tiro)|19]]''' |list3= *[[20 (tiro)|20]] *[[21 (tiro)|21]] *[[22 (tiro)|22]] *'''[[23 (tiro)|23]]''' *[[24 (tiro)|24]] *[[25 (tiro)|25]] *[[26 (tiro)|26]] *[[27 (tiro)|27]] *[[28 (tiro)|28]] *'''[[29 (tiro)|29]]''' |list4= *[[30 (tiro)|30]] *'''[[31 (tiro)|31]]''' *[[32 (tiro)|32]] *[[33 (tiro)|33]] *[[34 (tiro)|34]] *[[35 (tiro)|35]] *[[36 (tiro)|36]] *'''[[37 (tiro)|37]]''' *[[38 (tiro)|38]] *[[39 (tiro)|39]] |list5= *[[40 (tiro)|40]] *'''[[41 (tiro)|41]]''' *[[42 (tiro)|42]] *'''[[43 (tiro)|43]]''' *[[44 (tiro)|44]] *[[45 (tiro)|45]] *[[46 (tiro)|46]] *'''[[47 (tiro)|47]]''' *[[48 (tiro)|48]] *[[49 (tiro)|49]] |list6= *[[50 (tiro)|50]] *[[51 (tiro)|51]] *[[52 (tiro)|52]] *'''[[53 (tiro)|53]]''' *[[54 (tiro)|54]] *[[55 (tiro)|55]] *[[56 (tiro)|56]] *[[57 (tiro)|57]] *[[58 (tiro)|58]] *'''[[59 (tiro)|59]]''' |list7= *[[60 (tiro)|60]] *'''[[61 (tiro)|61]]''' *[[62 (tiro)|62]] *[[63 (tiro)|63]] *[[64 (tiro)|64]] *[[65 (tiro)|65]] *[[66 (tiro)|66]] *'''[[67 (tiro)|67]]''' *[[68 (tiro)|68]] *[[69 (tiro)|69]] |list8= *[[70 (tiro)|70]] *'''[[71 (tiro)|71]]''' *[[72 (tiro)|72]] *'''[[73 (tiro)|73]]''' *[[74 (tiro)|74]] *[[75 (tiro)|75]] *[[76 (tiro)|76]] *[[77 (tiro)|77]] *[[78 (tiro)|78]] *'''[[79 (tiro)|79]]''' |list9= *[[80 (tiro)|80]] *[[81 (tiro)|81]] *[[82 (tiro)|82]] *'''[[83 (tiro)|83]]''' *[[84 (tiro)|84]] *[[85 (tiro)|85]] *[[86 (tiro)|86]] *[[87 (tiro)|87]] *[[88 (tiro)|88]] *'''[[89 (tiro)|89]]''' |list10= *[[90 (tiro)|90]] *[[91 (tiro)|91]] *[[92 (tiro)|92]] *[[93 (tiro)|93]] *[[94 (tiro)|94]] *[[95 (tiro)|95]] *[[96 (tiro)|96]] *'''[[97 (tiro)|97]]''' *[[98 (tiro)|98]] *[[99 (tiro)|99]] }} |list2={{Navbox|child |title=[[100 (tiro)|100]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|1|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[100 (tiro)|100]] *'''[[101 (tiro)|101]]''' *[[102 (tiro)|102]] *'''[[103 (tiro)|103]]''' *[[104 (tiro)|104]] *[[105 (tiro)|105]] *[[106 (tiro)|106]] *'''[[107 (tiro)|107]]''' *[[108 (tiro)|108]] *'''[[109 (tiro)|109]]''' |list2= *[[110 (tiro)|110]] *[[111 (tiro)|111]] *[[112 (tiro)|112]] *'''[[113 (tiro)|113]]''' *[[114 (tiro)|114]] *[[115 (tiro)|115]] *[[116 (tiro)|116]] *[[117 (tiro)|117]] *[[118 (tiro)|118]] *[[119 (tiro)|119]] |list3= *[[120 (tiro)|120]] *[[121 (tiro)|121]] *[[122 (tiro)|122]] *[[123 (tiro)|123]] *[[124 (tiro)|124]] *[[125 (tiro)|125]] *[[126 (tiro)|126]] *'''[[127 (tiro)|127]]''' *[[128 (tiro)|128]] *[[129 (tiro)|129]] |list4= *[[130 (tiro)|130]] *'''[[131 (tiro)|131]]''' *[[132 (tiro)|132]] *[[133 (tiro)|133]] *[[134 (tiro)|134]] *[[135 (tiro)|135]] *[[136 (tiro)|136]] *'''[[137 (tiro)|137]]''' *[[138 (tiro)|138]] *'''[[139 (tiro)|139]]''' |list5= *[[140 (tiro)|140]] *[[141 (tiro)|141]] *[[142 (tiro)|142]] *[[143 (tiro)|143]] *[[144 (tiro)|144]] *[[145 (tiro)|145]] *[[146 (tiro)|146]] *[[147 (tiro)|147]] *[[148 (tiro)|148]] *'''[[149 (tiro)|149]]''' |list6= *[[150 (tiro)|150]] *'''[[151 (tiro)|151]]''' *[[152 (tiro)|152]] *[[153 (tiro)|153]] *[[154 (tiro)|154]] *[[155 (tiro)|155]] *[[156 (tiro)|156]] *'''[[157 (tiro)|157]]''' *[[158 (tiro)|158]] *[[159 (tiro)|159]] |list7= *[[160 (tiro)|160]] *[[161 (tiro)|161]] *[[162 (tiro)|162]] *'''[[163 (tiro)|163]]''' *[[164 (tiro)|164]] *[[165 (tiro)|165]] *[[166 (tiro)|166]] *'''[[167 (tiro)|167]]''' *[[168 (tiro)|168]] *[[169 (tiro)|169]] |list8= *[[170 (tiro)|170]] *[[171 (tiro)|171]] *[[172 (tiro)|172]] *'''[[173 (tiro)|173]]''' *[[174 (tiro)|174]] *[[175 (tiro)|175]] *[[176 (tiro)|176]] *[[177 (tiro)|177]] *[[178 (tiro)|178]] *'''[[179 (tiro)|179]]''' |list9= *[[180 (tiro)|180]] *'''[[181 (tiro)|181]]''' *[[182 (tiro)|182]] *[[183 (tiro)|183]] *[[184 (tiro)|184]] *[[185 (tiro)|185]] *[[186 (tiro)|186]] *[[187 (tiro)|187]] *[[188 (tiro)|188]] *[[189 (tiro)|189]] |list10= *[[190 (tiro)|190]] *'''[[191 (tiro)|191]]''' *[[192 (tiro)|192]] *'''[[193 (tiro)|193]]''' *[[194 (tiro)|194]] *[[195 (tiro)|195]] *[[196 (tiro)|196]] *'''[[197 (tiro)|197]]''' *[[198 (tiro)|198]] *'''[[199 (tiro)|199]]''' }} |list3={{Navbox|child |title=[[200 (tiro)|200]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|2|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[200 (tiro)|200]] *[[201 (tiro)|201]] *[[202 (tiro)|202]] *[[203 (tiro)|203]] *[[204 (tiro)|204]] *[[205 (tiro)|205]] *[[206 (tiro)|206]] *[[207 (tiro)|207]] *[[208 (tiro)|208]] *[[209 (tiro)|209]] |list2= *[[210 (tiro)|210]] *'''[[211 (tiro)|211]]''' *[[212 (tiro)|212]] *[[213 (tiro)|213]] *[[214 (tiro)|214]] *[[215 (tiro)|215]] *[[216 (tiro)|216]] *[[217 (tiro)|217]] *[[218 (tiro)|218]] *[[219 (tiro)|219]] |list3= *[[220 (tiro)|220]] *[[221 (tiro)|221]] *[[222 (tiro)|222]] *'''[[223 (tiro)|223]]''' *[[224 (tiro)|224]] *[[225 (tiro)|225]] *[[226 (tiro)|226]] *'''[[227 (tiro)|227]]''' *[[228 (tiro)|228]] *'''[[229 (tiro)|229]]''' |list4= *[[230 (tiro)|230]] *[[231 (tiro)|231]] *[[232 (tiro)|232]] *'''[[233 (tiro)|233]]''' *[[234 (tiro)|234]] *[[235 (tiro)|235]] *[[236 (tiro)|236]] *[[237 (tiro)|237]] *[[238 (tiro)|238]] *'''[[239 (tiro)|239]]''' |list5= *[[240 (tiro)|240]] *'''[[241 (tiro)|241]]''' *[[242 (tiro)|242]] *[[243 (tiro)|243]] *[[244 (tiro)|244]] *[[245 (tiro)|245]] *[[246 (tiro)|246]] *[[247 (tiro)|247]] *[[248 (tiro)|248]] *[[249 (tiro)|249]] |list6= *[[250 (tiro)|250]] *'''[[251 (tiro)|251]]''' *[[252 (tiro)|252]] *[[253 (tiro)|253]] *[[254 (tiro)|254]] *[[255 (tiro)|255]] *[[256 (tiro)|256]] *'''[[257 (tiro)|257]]''' *[[258 (tiro)|258]] *[[259 (tiro)|259]] |list7= *[[260 (tiro)|260]] *[[261 (tiro)|261]] *[[262 (tiro)|262]] *'''[[263 (tiro)|263]]''' *[[264 (tiro)|264]] *[[265 (tiro)|265]] *[[266 (tiro)|266]] *[[267 (tiro)|267]] *[[268 (tiro)|268]] *'''[[269 (tiro)|269]]''' |list8= *[[270 (tiro)|270]] *'''[[271 (tiro)|271]]''' *[[272 (tiro)|272]] *[[273 (tiro)|273]] *[[274 (tiro)|274]] *[[275 (tiro)|275]] *[[276 (tiro)|276]] *'''[[277 (tiro)|277]]''' *[[278 (tiro)|278]] *[[279 (tiro)|279]] |list9= *[[280 (tiro)|280]] *'''[[281 (tiro)|281]]''' *[[282 (tiro)|282]] *'''[[283 (tiro)|283]]''' *[[284 (tiro)|284]] *[[285 (tiro)|285]] *[[286 (tiro)|286]] *[[287 (tiro)|287]] *[[288 (tiro)|288]] *[[289 (tiro)|289]] |list10= *[[290 (tiro)|290]] *[[291 (tiro)|291]] *[[292 (tiro)|292]] *'''[[293 (tiro)|293]]''' *[[294 (tiro)|294]] *[[295 (tiro)|295]] *[[296 (tiro)|296]] *[[297 (tiro)|297]] *[[298 (tiro)|298]] *[[299 (tiro)|299]] }} |list4={{Navbox|child |title=[[300 (tiro)|300]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|3|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[300 (tiro)|300]] *[[301 (tiro)|301]] *[[302 (tiro)|302]] *[[303 (tiro)|303]] *[[304 (tiro)|304]] *[[305 (tiro)|305]] *[[306 (tiro)|306]] *'''[[307 (tiro)|307]]''' *[[308 (tiro)|308]] *[[309 (tiro)|309]] |list2= *[[310 (tiro)|310]] *'''[[311 (tiro)|311]]''' *[[312 (tiro)|312]] *'''[[313 (tiro)|313]]''' *[[314 (tiro)|314]] *[[315 (tiro)|315]] *[[316 (tiro)|316]] *'''[[317 (tiro)|317]]''' *[[318 (tiro)|318]] *[[319 (tiro)|319]] |list3= *[[320 (tiro)|320]] *[[321 (tiro)|321]] *[[322 (tiro)|322]] *[[323 (tiro)|323]] *[[324 (tiro)|324]] *[[325 (tiro)|325]] *[[326 (tiro)|326]] *[[327 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|list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list8={{Navbox|child |title=[[700 (tiro)|700]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|7|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list9={{Navbox|child |title=[[800 (tiro)|800]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|8|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list10={{Navbox|child |title=[[900 (tiro)|900]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|9|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |below=Tirooyinka qoraalkooda la waaweyneeyay waa [[Tiro mutuxan|tirooyin mutuxan]]}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Tusmo xisaab]] </noinclude> qahxcjkgaplulvavephmtmhgk8qrwyw 301053 301007 2026-07-07T16:43:45Z ~2026-34988-39 46219 301053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Abyoone |title=[[Abyoone]] |state=collapsed |listclass=hlist |style=clear:none; 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*[[260 (tiro)|260]] *[[261 (tiro)|261]] *[[262 (tiro)|262]] *'''[[263 (tiro)|263]]''' *[[264 (tiro)|264]] *[[265 (tiro)|265]] *[[266 (tiro)|266]] *[[267 (tiro)|267]] *[[268 (tiro)|268]] *'''[[269 (tiro)|269]]''' |list8= *[[270 (tiro)|270]] *'''[[271 (tiro)|271]]''' *[[272 (tiro)|272]] *[[273 (tiro)|273]] *[[274 (tiro)|274]] *[[275 (tiro)|275]] *[[276 (tiro)|276]] *'''[[277 (tiro)|277]]''' *[[278 (tiro)|278]] *[[279 (tiro)|279]] |list9= *[[280 (tiro)|280]] *'''[[281 (tiro)|281]]''' *[[282 (tiro)|282]] *'''[[283 (tiro)|283]]''' *[[284 (tiro)|284]] *[[285 (tiro)|285]] *[[286 (tiro)|286]] *[[287 (tiro)|287]] *[[288 (tiro)|288]] *[[289 (tiro)|289]] |list10= *[[290 (tiro)|290]] *[[291 (tiro)|291]] *[[292 (tiro)|292]] *'''[[293 (tiro)|293]]''' *[[294 (tiro)|294]] *[[295 (tiro)|295]] *[[296 (tiro)|296]] *[[297 (tiro)|297]] *[[298 (tiro)|298]] *[[299 (tiro)|299]] }} |list4={{Navbox|child |title=[[300 (tiro)|300]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|3|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[300 (tiro)|300]] *[[301 (tiro)|301]] *[[302 (tiro)|302]] *[[303 (tiro)|303]] *[[304 (tiro)|304]] *[[305 (tiro)|305]] *[[306 (tiro)|306]] *'''[[307 (tiro)|307]]''' *[[308 (tiro)|308]] *[[309 (tiro)|309]] |list2= *[[310 (tiro)|310]] *'''[[311 (tiro)|311]]''' *[[312 (tiro)|312]] *'''[[313 (tiro)|313]]''' *[[314 (tiro)|314]] *[[315 (tiro)|315]] *[[316 (tiro)|316]] *'''[[317 (tiro)|317]]''' *[[318 (tiro)|318]] *[[319 (tiro)|319]] |list3= *[[320 (tiro)|320]] *[[321 (tiro)|321]] *[[322 (tiro)|322]] *[[323 (tiro)|323]] *[[324 (tiro)|324]] *[[325 (tiro)|325]] *[[326 (tiro)|326]] *[[327 (tiro)|327]] *[[328 (tiro)|328]] *[[329 (tiro)|329]] |list4= *[[330 (tiro)|330]] *'''[[331 (tiro)|331]] *[[332 (tiro)|332]] *[[333 (tiro)|333]] *[[334 (tiro)|334]] *[[335 (tiro)|335]] *[[336 (tiro)|336]] *'''[[337 (tiro)|337]]''' *[[338 (tiro)|338]] *[[339 (tiro)|339]] |list5= *[[340 (tiro)|340]] *[[341 (tiro)|341]] *[[342 (tiro)|342]] *[[343 (tiro)|343]] *[[344 (tiro)|344]] *[[345 (tiro)|345]] *[[346 (tiro)|346]] *'''[[347 (tiro)|347]]''' *[[348 (tiro)|348]] *'''[[349 (tiro)|349]]''' |list6= *[[350 (tiro)|350]] *[[351 (tiro)|351]] *[[352 (tiro)|352]] *'''[[353 (tiro)|353]]''' *[[354 (tiro)|354]] *[[355 (tiro)|355]] *[[356 (tiro)|356]] *[[357 (tiro)|357]] *[[358 (tiro)|358]] *'''[[359 (tiro)|359]]''' |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list5={{Navbox|child |title=[[400 (tiro)|400]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|4|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list6={{Navbox|child |title=[[500 (tiro)|500]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|5|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list7={{Navbox|child |title=[[600 (tiro)|600]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|6|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list8={{Navbox|child |title=[[700 (tiro)|700]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|7|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list9={{Navbox|child |title=[[800 (tiro)|800]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|8|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list10={{Navbox|child |title=[[900 (tiro)|900]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|9|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |below=Tirooyinka qoraalkooda la waaweyneeyay waa [[Tiro mutuxan|tirooyin mutuxan]]}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Tusmo xisaab]] </noinclude> stnjwugt1vdx4ducaa9pbsqwa6iq7xk YuutYuub 0 17186 300987 268254 2026-07-07T13:47:55Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 300987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|37.6278522|-122.426103|display=title}} {{Infobox dot-com company |name = Yuutuub, LLS |logo = [[File:YouTube 2024.svg|200px]] |company_type = Hoosgale |foundation = {{Start date and age|2005|02|14}} |founder = {{Unbulleted list|Steve Chen|Chad Hurley|Jawed Karim}} |location_city = 901 Cherry Avenue, San Bruno,<br />Kaliforniya |location_country = [[Maraykanka]] |coordinates={{coord|37.628101|-122.426424|display=inline,title}} |area_served = [[Duni]]da oo dhan (marka laga reebo ''wadanada laga xanibey isticmaalka Youtube-ka'') |parent = Independent (2005–2006)<br />[[Google]] (2006–wakhti xaadirka) |key_people = Susan Wojcicki (Sarkaalka Ugu Sareeya)<br />Chad Hurley (La taliye) |company_slogan = Warbaahi naftaada (2005–2012) |industry = [[Internet]]<br />Adeeg Maqal-Muuqaal |ipv6 = |advertising = Google xayaysiis |launch_date = {{Start date and age|2005|02|14}} |screenshot = [[File:YouTube Homepage Dec 7 2012.png|270px]] |caption = muuqaalka youtube sanadkii 2007da | url = {{URL|https://www.youtube.com/|YouTube.com}}<br /> | content_license = Qofka soo geliya maqal-muuqaal ayaa xaq iyo awood u leh awooda faylkaasi; midaasi oo waafajisan sharciga Youtube.<!-- content_license is not part of "Infobox dot-com company" which is the primary reason "Infobox website" was added. Please Talk before doing anything --> | type = Adeeg Maqal-Muuqaal | alexa = {{Steady}} 3 ({{as of|2015|07|26|alt=July 2015}})<ref name="alexa">{{cite web |url= http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/youtube.com |title= Youtube.com Site Info |publisher= [[Internet]] |accessdate= July 26, 2015 |ciwaan= Nuqul Archive |archive-date= Bisha Sideedaad 7, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160807013431/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/youtube.com |dead-url= yes }}</ref><!--Updated monthly by OKBot.--> |language = 76 luuqadood oo kala duwan<ref name="languages">{{cite web|url=http://i.imgur.com/ZdLXlt9.png|title=YouTube language versions|accessdate=June 2, 2015}}</ref> | programming_language = Python<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gooli.org/blog/youtube-runs-on-python/|title=YouTube runs on Python|first=Vincent|last=Lextrait|date=July 2010|accessdate=September 5, 2010|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120530/http://www.lextrait.com/Vincent/implementations.html|archivedate=May 30, 2012|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|dead-url=yes}}</ref> iyo JavaScript | registration = [[Ikhtiyaar]] (khasab ma ahan inaad isdiiwaangeliso si aad u daawato maqal-muuqaal; laakiin waa inaad ciwaan leedahay si aad u soo geliso fiidiyoow ama faalo aad uga bixiso. Waxaa jira maqal-muuqaal la rabo in qofku yahay [[qaangaadh]] (18+) si uu u daawado aaladahaasi.) | current_status = Hada shaqeynaya }} ::<small>''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan aalada [[internet]]ka maqal-iyo-muuqaalka ah ee Youtube. Isticmaalo kale fiiri "Youtube isticmaal kale".''</small> '''Youtube''', loo qoro '''YouTube''' waa aalad [[internet]] maqal-iyo-muuqaal ah xarunteedu tahay San Bruno, Kaliforniya wadanka [[Mareykanka]], midaasi oo isticmaalayaashu soo geliyaan maqal-muuqaal (video) kala duwan.Youtube waxaa sameeyay sadex dhalinyaro ah sanadkii 2005ta. Bishii Nofembar 2006da ayaa waxa websiteka Youtube lacag dhan [[dollar|US$]]1.65 bilyan ku iibsaday [[Shirkada Google]] oo ilaa maanta gacanta ku heeysa websitekaasi.<ref>{{Cite news| title=Surprise! There's a third YouTube co-founder|author=Hopkins, Jim|work=USA Today| url =http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-10-11-youtube-karim_x.htm|accessdate=November 29, 2008 | date=October 11, 2006}}</ref>. '''YouTube''' maanta waxay ka mid tahay rukunada ugu waaweyn ee macaashka badan ka soo galo shirkada Google.<ref>{{cite web|title=Google buys YouTube for $1.65 billion|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/15196982/ns/business-us_business/t/google-buys-youtube-billion/#.UbECrBG9KSM|publisher=NBC News}}</ref> Websitekan wuxuu u shaqeeyaa nidaam ka duwan adeegyada kale ee laga helo internetka, waxaa isticmaalayaasha loo oglol yahay ineey soo geliyaan isla markaana wadaagaan maqal-muuqaal nooc kasta leh. Sidoo kale waxaa la ogol yahay faaleynta, xarkeynta iyo kala sareeysiinta fiidiyoowyada laga helo websitekaasi. Isticmaalayaasha waxaa loo ogol yahay maqal-muuqalo ka kooban [[hees]]o, [[filim]]aan, xayaysiis iyo kuwo kala duwan. Sidaas ay tahay waxa jira noocyo badan oo fiidiyoow aan la ogolayn soo gelinta Youtubeka, gaar ahaan filimaanta galmada, anshax xumada iyo akhlaaq darida ah. =Taariikhda= [[File:Logo YouTube por Hernando.svg|thumb|top|Astaanta Youtube]] [[File:901cherryave.jpg|thumb|right|xafiiska youtube San Bruno, ]] ''YouTube'' waa [[Website]] aad u caana oo qofwaliba fiidyawgiisa dhigan karo ama kaga qaybgali karo waxaa la aasaasy 2005tii waxa sameeyay sadex nin oo shqaale hore uga ahaan jiray shirkada PayPal waxa ay ku aasaaseen magaalda San Bruno Kaliforniya ee [[Maraykanka]] waxa loo adeegsadaa isticmaalka youtubeha teknoolijiga Adobe Flash waxa wabsaytkan laga daawankaraa aflaamta wararka heesaha iyo waxyaabo kale oo aad ubadan Waxa aasaaska youtubeha iska lahaa sadexda nin ee kala ah Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, iyo Jawed Karim. waxaanay ahaayeen shaqaale u shaqayn jiray shirkada paypal. =Shirkada Google= *'''[[Google]]''' LLC. **[[Alphabet, Inc.]] **[[Youtube]], LLC. =Qoraalo la Mid ah= =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Internet]] [[Category:Teknooloji]] rkrpc0gp1gei89p8q1jruga1258g5cw 300989 300987 2026-07-07T13:48:29Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 300989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|37.6278522|-122.426103|display=title}} {{Infobox dot-com company |name = Yuutyuub, LLS |logo = [[File:YouTube 2024.svg|200px]] |company_type = Hoosgale |foundation = {{Start date and age|2005|02|14}} |founder = {{Unbulleted list|Steve Chen|Chad Hurley|Jawed Karim}} |location_city = 901 Cherry Avenue, San Bruno,<br />Kaliforniya |location_country = [[Maraykanka]] |coordinates={{coord|37.628101|-122.426424|display=inline,title}} |area_served = [[Duni]]da oo dhan (marka laga reebo ''wadanada laga xanibey isticmaalka Youtube-ka'') |parent = Independent (2005–2006)<br />[[Google]] (2006–wakhti xaadirka) |key_people = Susan Wojcicki (Sarkaalka Ugu Sareeya)<br />Chad Hurley (La taliye) |company_slogan = Warbaahi naftaada (2005–2012) |industry = [[Internet]]<br />Adeeg Maqal-Muuqaal |ipv6 = |advertising = Google xayaysiis |launch_date = {{Start date and age|2005|02|14}} |screenshot = [[File:YouTube Homepage Dec 7 2012.png|270px]] |caption = muuqaalka youtube sanadkii 2007da | url = {{URL|https://www.youtube.com/|YouTube.com}}<br /> | content_license = Qofka soo geliya maqal-muuqaal ayaa xaq iyo awood u leh awooda faylkaasi; midaasi oo waafajisan sharciga Youtube.<!-- content_license is not part of "Infobox dot-com company" which is the primary reason "Infobox website" was added. Please Talk before doing anything --> | type = Adeeg Maqal-Muuqaal | alexa = {{Steady}} 3 ({{as of|2015|07|26|alt=July 2015}})<ref name="alexa">{{cite web |url= http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/youtube.com |title= Youtube.com Site Info |publisher= [[Internet]] |accessdate= July 26, 2015 |ciwaan= Nuqul Archive |archive-date= Bisha Sideedaad 7, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160807013431/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/youtube.com |dead-url= yes }}</ref><!--Updated monthly by OKBot.--> |language = 76 luuqadood oo kala duwan<ref name="languages">{{cite web|url=http://i.imgur.com/ZdLXlt9.png|title=YouTube language versions|accessdate=June 2, 2015}}</ref> | programming_language = Python<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gooli.org/blog/youtube-runs-on-python/|title=YouTube runs on Python|first=Vincent|last=Lextrait|date=July 2010|accessdate=September 5, 2010|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120530/http://www.lextrait.com/Vincent/implementations.html|archivedate=May 30, 2012|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|dead-url=yes}}</ref> iyo JavaScript | registration = [[Ikhtiyaar]] (khasab ma ahan inaad isdiiwaangeliso si aad u daawato maqal-muuqaal; laakiin waa inaad ciwaan leedahay si aad u soo geliso fiidiyoow ama faalo aad uga bixiso. Waxaa jira maqal-muuqaal la rabo in qofku yahay [[qaangaadh]] (18+) si uu u daawado aaladahaasi.) | current_status = Hada shaqeynaya }} ::<small>''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan aalada [[internet]]ka maqal-iyo-muuqaalka ah ee Youtube. Isticmaalo kale fiiri "Youtube isticmaal kale".''</small> '''Youtube''', loo qoro '''YouTube''' waa aalad [[internet]] maqal-iyo-muuqaal ah xarunteedu tahay San Bruno, Kaliforniya wadanka [[Mareykanka]], midaasi oo isticmaalayaashu soo geliyaan maqal-muuqaal (video) kala duwan.Youtube waxaa sameeyay sadex dhalinyaro ah sanadkii 2005ta. Bishii Nofembar 2006da ayaa waxa websiteka Youtube lacag dhan [[dollar|US$]]1.65 bilyan ku iibsaday [[Shirkada Google]] oo ilaa maanta gacanta ku heeysa websitekaasi.<ref>{{Cite news| title=Surprise! There's a third YouTube co-founder|author=Hopkins, Jim|work=USA Today| url =http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-10-11-youtube-karim_x.htm|accessdate=November 29, 2008 | date=October 11, 2006}}</ref>. '''YouTube''' maanta waxay ka mid tahay rukunada ugu waaweyn ee macaashka badan ka soo galo shirkada Google.<ref>{{cite web|title=Google buys YouTube for $1.65 billion|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/15196982/ns/business-us_business/t/google-buys-youtube-billion/#.UbECrBG9KSM|publisher=NBC News}}</ref> Websitekan wuxuu u shaqeeyaa nidaam ka duwan adeegyada kale ee laga helo internetka, waxaa isticmaalayaasha loo oglol yahay ineey soo geliyaan isla markaana wadaagaan maqal-muuqaal nooc kasta leh. Sidoo kale waxaa la ogol yahay faaleynta, xarkeynta iyo kala sareeysiinta fiidiyoowyada laga helo websitekaasi. Isticmaalayaasha waxaa loo ogol yahay maqal-muuqalo ka kooban [[hees]]o, [[filim]]aan, xayaysiis iyo kuwo kala duwan. Sidaas ay tahay waxa jira noocyo badan oo fiidiyoow aan la ogolayn soo gelinta Youtubeka, gaar ahaan filimaanta galmada, anshax xumada iyo akhlaaq darida ah. =Taariikhda= [[File:Logo YouTube por Hernando.svg|thumb|top|Astaanta Youtube]] [[File:901cherryave.jpg|thumb|right|xafiiska youtube San Bruno, ]] ''YouTube'' waa [[Website]] aad u caana oo qofwaliba fiidyawgiisa dhigan karo ama kaga qaybgali karo waxaa la aasaasy 2005tii waxa sameeyay sadex nin oo shqaale hore uga ahaan jiray shirkada PayPal waxa ay ku aasaaseen magaalda San Bruno Kaliforniya ee [[Maraykanka]] waxa loo adeegsadaa isticmaalka youtubeha teknoolijiga Adobe Flash waxa wabsaytkan laga daawankaraa aflaamta wararka heesaha iyo waxyaabo kale oo aad ubadan Waxa aasaaska youtubeha iska lahaa sadexda nin ee kala ah Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, iyo Jawed Karim. waxaanay ahaayeen shaqaale u shaqayn jiray shirkada paypal. =Shirkada Google= *'''[[Google]]''' LLC. **[[Alphabet, Inc.]] **[[Youtube]], LLC. =Qoraalo la Mid ah= =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Internet]] [[Category:Teknooloji]] c9a43b78otoycvvb6gvikccqw7x4kew 300990 300989 2026-07-07T13:49:19Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 300990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|37.6278522|-122.426103|display=title}} {{Infobox dot-com company |name = Yuutyuub, LLS |logo = [[File:YouTube 2024.svg|200px]] |company_type = Hoosgale |foundation = {{Start date and age|2005|02|14}} |founder = {{Unbulleted list|Steve Chen|Chad Hurley|Jawed Karim}} |location_city = 901 Cherry Avenue, San Bruno,<br />Kaliforniya |location_country = [[Maraykanka]] |coordinates={{coord|37.628101|-122.426424|display=inline,title}} |area_served = [[Duni]]da oo dhan (marka laga reebo ''wadanada laga xanibey isticmaalka Youtube-ka'') |parent = Independent (2005–2006)<br />[[Google]] (2006–wakhti xaadirka) |key_people = Susan Wojcicki (Sarkaalka Ugu Sareeya)<br />Chad Hurley (La taliye) |company_slogan = Warbaahi naftaada (2005–2012) |industry = [[Internet]]<br />Adeeg Maqal-Muuqaal |ipv6 = |advertising = Google xayaysiis |launch_date = {{Start date and age|2005|02|14}} |screenshot = [[File:YouTube Homepage Dec 7 2012.png|270px]] |caption = muuqaalka youtube sanadkii 2007da | url = {{URL|https://www.youtube.com/|YouTube.com}}<br /> | content_license = Qofka soo geliya maqal-muuqaal ayaa xaq iyo awood u leh awooda faylkaasi; midaasi oo waafajisan sharciga Youtube.<!-- content_license is not part of "Infobox dot-com company" which is the primary reason "Infobox website" was added. Please Talk before doing anything --> | type = Adeeg Maqal-Muuqaal | alexa = {{Steady}} 3 ({{as of|2015|07|26|alt=July 2015}})<ref name="alexa">{{cite web |url= http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/youtube.com |title= Youtube.com Site Info |publisher= [[Internet]] |accessdate= July 26, 2015 |ciwaan= Nuqul Archive |archive-date= Bisha Sideedaad 7, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160807013431/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/youtube.com |dead-url= yes }}</ref><!--Updated monthly by OKBot.--> |language = 76 luuqadood oo kala duwan<ref name="languages">{{cite web|url=http://i.imgur.com/ZdLXlt9.png|title=YouTube language versions|accessdate=June 2, 2015}}</ref> | programming_language = Python<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gooli.org/blog/youtube-runs-on-python/|title=YouTube runs on Python|first=Vincent|last=Lextrait|date=July 2010|accessdate=September 5, 2010|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120530/http://www.lextrait.com/Vincent/implementations.html|archivedate=May 30, 2012|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|dead-url=yes}}</ref> iyo JavaScript | registration = [[Ikhtiyaar]] (khasab ma ahan inaad isdiiwaangeliso si aad u daawato maqal-muuqaal; laakiin waa inaad ciwaan leedahay si aad u soo geliso fiidiyoow ama faalo aad uga bixiso. Waxaa jira maqal-muuqaal la rabo in qofku yahay [[qaangaadh]] (18+) si uu u daawado aaladahaasi.) | current_status = Hada shaqeynaya }} ::<small>''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan aalada [[internet]]ka maqal-iyo-muuqaalka ah ee Youtube. Isticmaalo kale fiiri "Youtube isticmaal kale".''</small> '''Youtube''', ama loo qoro '''Yuutyuub''' waa aalad [[internet]] maqal-iyo-muuqaal ah xarunteedu tahay San Bruno, Kaliforniya wadanka [[Mareykanka]], midaasi oo isticmaalayaashu soo geliyaan maqal-muuqaal (video) kala duwan.Youtube waxaa sameeyay sadex dhalinyaro ah sanadkii 2005ta. Bishii Nofembar 2006da ayaa waxa websiteka Youtube lacag dhan [[dollar|US$]]1.65 bilyan ku iibsaday [[Shirkada Google]] oo ilaa maanta gacanta ku heeysa websitekaasi.<ref>{{Cite news| title=Surprise! There's a third YouTube co-founder|author=Hopkins, Jim|work=USA Today| url =http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-10-11-youtube-karim_x.htm|accessdate=November 29, 2008 | date=October 11, 2006}}</ref>. '''YouTube''' maanta waxay ka mid tahay rukunada ugu waaweyn ee macaashka badan ka soo galo shirkada Google.<ref>{{cite web|title=Google buys YouTube for $1.65 billion|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/15196982/ns/business-us_business/t/google-buys-youtube-billion/#.UbECrBG9KSM|publisher=NBC News}}</ref> Websitekan wuxuu u shaqeeyaa nidaam ka duwan adeegyada kale ee laga helo internetka, waxaa isticmaalayaasha loo oglol yahay ineey soo geliyaan isla markaana wadaagaan maqal-muuqaal nooc kasta leh. Sidoo kale waxaa la ogol yahay faaleynta, xarkeynta iyo kala sareeysiinta fiidiyoowyada laga helo websitekaasi. Isticmaalayaasha waxaa loo ogol yahay maqal-muuqalo ka kooban [[hees]]o, [[filim]]aan, xayaysiis iyo kuwo kala duwan. Sidaas ay tahay waxa jira noocyo badan oo fiidiyoow aan la ogolayn soo gelinta Youtubeka, gaar ahaan filimaanta galmada, anshax xumada iyo akhlaaq darida ah. =Taariikhda= [[File:Logo YouTube por Hernando.svg|thumb|top|Astaanta Youtube]] [[File:901cherryave.jpg|thumb|right|xafiiska youtube San Bruno, ]] ''YouTube'' waa [[Website]] aad u caana oo qofwaliba fiidyawgiisa dhigan karo ama kaga qaybgali karo waxaa la aasaasy 2005tii waxa sameeyay sadex nin oo shqaale hore uga ahaan jiray shirkada PayPal waxa ay ku aasaaseen magaalda San Bruno Kaliforniya ee [[Maraykanka]] waxa loo adeegsadaa isticmaalka youtubeha teknoolijiga Adobe Flash waxa wabsaytkan laga daawankaraa aflaamta wararka heesaha iyo waxyaabo kale oo aad ubadan Waxa aasaaska youtubeha iska lahaa sadexda nin ee kala ah Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, iyo Jawed Karim. waxaanay ahaayeen shaqaale u shaqayn jiray shirkada paypal. =Shirkada Google= *'''[[Google]]''' LLC. **[[Alphabet, Inc.]] **[[Youtube]], LLC. =Qoraalo la Mid ah= =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Internet]] [[Category:Teknooloji]] j0nppuly2m6f8md4oztpljmi46i2laf 300995 300990 2026-07-07T13:52:28Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 300995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|37.6278522|-122.426103|display=title}} {{Infobox dot-com company |name = Yuutyuub, LLS |logo = [[File:YouTube 2024.svg|200px]] |company_type = Hoosgale |foundation = {{Start date and age|2005|02|14}} |founder = {{Unbulleted list|Steve Chen|Chad Hurley|Jawed Karim}} |location_city = 901 Cherry Avenue, San Bruno,<br />Kaliforniya |location_country = [[Maraykanka]] |coordinates={{coord|37.628101|-122.426424|display=inline,title}} |area_served = [[Duni]]da oo dhan (marka laga reebo ''wadanada laga xanibey isticmaalka Youtube-ka'') |parent = Independent (2005–2006)<br />[[Google]] (2006–wakhti xaadirka) |key_people = Susan Wojcicki (Sarkaalka Ugu Sareeya)<br />Chad Hurley (La taliye) |company_slogan = Warbaahi naftaada (2005–2012) |industry = [[Internet]]<br />Adeeg Maqal-Muuqaal |ipv6 = |advertising = Google xayaysiis |launch_date = {{Start date and age|2005|02|14}} |screenshot = [[File:YouTube Homepage Dec 7 2012.png|270px]] |caption = muuqaalka youtube sanadkii 2007da | url = {{URL|https://www.youtube.com/|YouTube.com}}<br /> | content_license = Qofka soo geliya maqal-muuqaal ayaa xaq iyo awood u leh awooda faylkaasi; midaasi oo waafajisan sharciga Youtube.<!-- content_license is not part of "Infobox dot-com company" which is the primary reason "Infobox website" was added. Please Talk before doing anything --> | type = Adeeg Maqal-Muuqaal | alexa = {{Steady}} 3 ({{as of|2015|07|26|alt=July 2015}})<ref name="alexa">{{cite web |url= http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/youtube.com |title= Youtube.com Site Info |publisher= [[Internet]] |accessdate= July 26, 2015 |ciwaan= Nuqul Archive |archive-date= Bisha Sideedaad 7, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160807013431/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/youtube.com |dead-url= yes }}</ref><!--Updated monthly by OKBot.--> |language = 76 luuqadood oo kala duwan<ref name="languages">{{cite web|url=http://i.imgur.com/ZdLXlt9.png|title=YouTube language versions|accessdate=June 2, 2015}}</ref> | programming_language = Python<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gooli.org/blog/youtube-runs-on-python/|title=YouTube runs on Python|first=Vincent|last=Lextrait|date=July 2010|accessdate=September 5, 2010|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120530/http://www.lextrait.com/Vincent/implementations.html|archivedate=May 30, 2012|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|dead-url=yes}}</ref> iyo JavaScript | registration = [[Ikhtiyaar]] (khasab ma ahan inaad isdiiwaangeliso si aad u daawato maqal-muuqaal; laakiin waa inaad ciwaan leedahay si aad u soo geliso fiidiyoow ama faalo aad uga bixiso. Waxaa jira maqal-muuqaal la rabo in qofku yahay [[qaangaadh]] (18+) si uu u daawado aaladahaasi.) | current_status = Hada shaqeynaya }} ::<small>''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan aalada [[internet]]ka maqal-iyo-muuqaalka ah ee Youtube. Isticmaalo kale fiiri "Youtube isticmaal kale".''</small> [[File:Logo_of_YouTube_(2015-2017).svg|thumb|astaanta ee Yuutyuub]] '''Youtube''', ama loo qoro '''Yuutyuub''' waa aalad [[internet]] maqal-iyo-muuqaal ah xarunteedu tahay San Bruno, Kaliforniya wadanka [[Mareykanka]], midaasi oo isticmaalayaashu soo geliyaan maqal-muuqaal (video) kala duwan.Youtube waxaa sameeyay sadex dhalinyaro ah sanadkii 2005ta. Bishii Nofembar 2006da ayaa waxa websiteka Youtube lacag dhan [[dollar|US$]]1.65 bilyan ku iibsaday [[Shirkada Google]] oo ilaa maanta gacanta ku heeysa websitekaasi.<ref>{{Cite news| title=Surprise! There's a third YouTube co-founder|author=Hopkins, Jim|work=USA Today| url =http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-10-11-youtube-karim_x.htm|accessdate=November 29, 2008 | date=October 11, 2006}}</ref>. '''YouTube''' maanta waxay ka mid tahay rukunada ugu waaweyn ee macaashka badan ka soo galo shirkada Google.<ref>{{cite web|title=Google buys YouTube for $1.65 billion|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/15196982/ns/business-us_business/t/google-buys-youtube-billion/#.UbECrBG9KSM|publisher=NBC News}}</ref> Websitekan wuxuu u shaqeeyaa nidaam ka duwan adeegyada kale ee laga helo internetka, waxaa isticmaalayaasha loo oglol yahay ineey soo geliyaan isla markaana wadaagaan maqal-muuqaal nooc kasta leh. Sidoo kale waxaa la ogol yahay faaleynta, xarkeynta iyo kala sareeysiinta fiidiyoowyada laga helo websitekaasi. Isticmaalayaasha waxaa loo ogol yahay maqal-muuqalo ka kooban [[hees]]o, [[filim]]aan, xayaysiis iyo kuwo kala duwan. Sidaas ay tahay waxa jira noocyo badan oo fiidiyoow aan la ogolayn soo gelinta Youtubeka, gaar ahaan filimaanta galmada, anshax xumada iyo akhlaaq darida ah. =Taariikhda= [[File:Logo YouTube por Hernando.svg|thumb|top|Astaanta Youtube]] [[File:901cherryave.jpg|thumb|right|xafiiska youtube San Bruno, ]] ''YouTube'' waa [[Website]] aad u caana oo qofwaliba fiidyawgiisa dhigan karo ama kaga qaybgali karo waxaa la aasaasy 2005tii waxa sameeyay sadex nin oo shqaale hore uga ahaan jiray shirkada PayPal waxa ay ku aasaaseen magaalda San Bruno Kaliforniya ee [[Maraykanka]] waxa loo adeegsadaa isticmaalka youtubeha teknoolijiga Adobe Flash waxa wabsaytkan laga daawankaraa aflaamta wararka heesaha iyo waxyaabo kale oo aad ubadan Waxa aasaaska youtubeha iska lahaa sadexda nin ee kala ah Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, iyo Jawed Karim. waxaanay ahaayeen shaqaale u shaqayn jiray shirkada paypal. =Shirkada Google= *'''[[Google]]''' LLC. **[[Alphabet, Inc.]] **[[Youtube]], LLC. =Qoraalo la Mid ah= =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Internet]] [[Category:Teknooloji]] dar7zdp77wc737ashhz7jn2bw21wzi4 300997 300995 2026-07-07T13:55:58Z NDG 42075 Dib ayaa looga noqday 4 wax ka beddello laga bilaabo [[Special:Diff/300987|300987]] ilaa [[Special:Diff/300995|300995]] Please stop using wrong summaries! 300997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|37.6278522|-122.426103|display=title}} {{Infobox dot-com company |name = YouTube, LLC |logo = [[File:YouTube 2024.svg|200px]] |company_type = Hoosgale |foundation = {{Start date and age|2005|02|14}} |founder = {{Unbulleted list|Steve Chen|Chad Hurley|Jawed Karim}} |location_city = 901 Cherry Avenue, San Bruno,<br />Kaliforniya |location_country = [[Maraykanka]] |coordinates={{coord|37.628101|-122.426424|display=inline,title}} |area_served = [[Duni]]da oo dhan (marka laga reebo ''wadanada laga xanibey isticmaalka Youtube-ka'') |parent = Independent (2005–2006)<br />[[Google]] (2006–wakhti xaadirka) |key_people = Susan Wojcicki (Sarkaalka Ugu Sareeya)<br />Chad Hurley (La taliye) |company_slogan = Warbaahi naftaada (2005–2012) |industry = [[Internet]]<br />Adeeg Maqal-Muuqaal |ipv6 = |advertising = Google xayaysiis |launch_date = {{Start date and age|2005|02|14}} |screenshot = [[File:YouTube Homepage Dec 7 2012.png|270px]] |caption = muuqaalka youtube sanadkii 2007da | url = {{URL|https://www.youtube.com/|YouTube.com}}<br /> | content_license = Qofka soo geliya maqal-muuqaal ayaa xaq iyo awood u leh awooda faylkaasi; midaasi oo waafajisan sharciga Youtube.<!-- content_license is not part of "Infobox dot-com company" which is the primary reason "Infobox website" was added. Please Talk before doing anything --> | type = Adeeg Maqal-Muuqaal | alexa = {{Steady}} 3 ({{as of|2015|07|26|alt=July 2015}})<ref name="alexa">{{cite web |url= http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/youtube.com |title= Youtube.com Site Info |publisher= [[Internet]] |accessdate= July 26, 2015 |ciwaan= Nuqul Archive |archive-date= Bisha Sideedaad 7, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160807013431/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/youtube.com |dead-url= yes }}</ref><!--Updated monthly by OKBot.--> |language = 76 luuqadood oo kala duwan<ref name="languages">{{cite web|url=http://i.imgur.com/ZdLXlt9.png|title=YouTube language versions|accessdate=June 2, 2015}}</ref> | programming_language = Python<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gooli.org/blog/youtube-runs-on-python/|title=YouTube runs on Python|first=Vincent|last=Lextrait|date=July 2010|accessdate=September 5, 2010|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120530/http://www.lextrait.com/Vincent/implementations.html|archivedate=May 30, 2012|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|dead-url=yes}}</ref> iyo JavaScript | registration = [[Ikhtiyaar]] (khasab ma ahan inaad isdiiwaangeliso si aad u daawato maqal-muuqaal; laakiin waa inaad ciwaan leedahay si aad u soo geliso fiidiyoow ama faalo aad uga bixiso. Waxaa jira maqal-muuqaal la rabo in qofku yahay [[qaangaadh]] (18+) si uu u daawado aaladahaasi.) | current_status = Hada shaqeynaya }} ::<small>''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan aalada [[internet]]ka maqal-iyo-muuqaalka ah ee Youtube. Isticmaalo kale fiiri "Youtube isticmaal kale".''</small> '''Youtube''', loo qoro '''YouTube''' waa aalad [[internet]] maqal-iyo-muuqaal ah xarunteedu tahay San Bruno, Kaliforniya wadanka [[Mareykanka]], midaasi oo isticmaalayaashu soo geliyaan maqal-muuqaal (video) kala duwan.Youtube waxaa sameeyay sadex dhalinyaro ah sanadkii 2005ta. Bishii Nofembar 2006da ayaa waxa websiteka Youtube lacag dhan [[dollar|US$]]1.65 bilyan ku iibsaday [[Shirkada Google]] oo ilaa maanta gacanta ku heeysa websitekaasi.<ref>{{Cite news| title=Surprise! There's a third YouTube co-founder|author=Hopkins, Jim|work=USA Today| url =http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-10-11-youtube-karim_x.htm|accessdate=November 29, 2008 | date=October 11, 2006}}</ref>. '''YouTube''' maanta waxay ka mid tahay rukunada ugu waaweyn ee macaashka badan ka soo galo shirkada Google.<ref>{{cite web|title=Google buys YouTube for $1.65 billion|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/15196982/ns/business-us_business/t/google-buys-youtube-billion/#.UbECrBG9KSM|publisher=NBC News}}</ref> Websitekan wuxuu u shaqeeyaa nidaam ka duwan adeegyada kale ee laga helo internetka, waxaa isticmaalayaasha loo oglol yahay ineey soo geliyaan isla markaana wadaagaan maqal-muuqaal nooc kasta leh. Sidoo kale waxaa la ogol yahay faaleynta, xarkeynta iyo kala sareeysiinta fiidiyoowyada laga helo websitekaasi. Isticmaalayaasha waxaa loo ogol yahay maqal-muuqalo ka kooban [[hees]]o, [[filim]]aan, xayaysiis iyo kuwo kala duwan. Sidaas ay tahay waxa jira noocyo badan oo fiidiyoow aan la ogolayn soo gelinta Youtubeka, gaar ahaan filimaanta galmada, anshax xumada iyo akhlaaq darida ah. =Taariikhda= [[File:Logo YouTube por Hernando.svg|thumb|top|Astaanta Youtube]] [[File:901cherryave.jpg|thumb|right|xafiiska youtube San Bruno, ]] ''YouTube'' waa [[Website]] aad u caana oo qofwaliba fiidyawgiisa dhigan karo ama kaga qaybgali karo waxaa la aasaasy 2005tii waxa sameeyay sadex nin oo shqaale hore uga ahaan jiray shirkada PayPal waxa ay ku aasaaseen magaalda San Bruno Kaliforniya ee [[Maraykanka]] waxa loo adeegsadaa isticmaalka youtubeha teknoolijiga Adobe Flash waxa wabsaytkan laga daawankaraa aflaamta wararka heesaha iyo waxyaabo kale oo aad ubadan Waxa aasaaska youtubeha iska lahaa sadexda nin ee kala ah Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, iyo Jawed Karim. waxaanay ahaayeen shaqaale u shaqayn jiray shirkada paypal. =Shirkada Google= *'''[[Google]]''' LLC. **[[Alphabet, Inc.]] **[[Youtube]], LLC. =Qoraalo la Mid ah= =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Internet]] [[Category:Teknooloji]] rc3rsw3buxtxcxq38v8t6b0kph6qog4 Taariikhda Qaramada Midoobay 0 17732 300982 272766 2026-07-07T13:39:55Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Aasaasitaanka QM */ Fixed grammar 300982 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:United Nations member countries world map.PNG|thumb|500px|alt=A map of the world with countries displayed in colours corresponding to the dates the countries joined the United Nations. Countries not involved with the United Nations are shown in grey.|Maabka Aduunka oo lagu muujiyay wadanada iyo wakhtiga ay ku biireen Qaramada Midoobay]] '''Taariikhda [[Qaramada Midoobay]]''' waxay ka soo bilaabantaa [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]]. Wakhtigaas wixii ka dambeeyay xubnaha iyo shaqada ururku wuu balaadhay waxayna maanta gaadhay dhamaan caalamka oo dhan, ayada oo qarniga 21aad noqotey meel kulmisa dhamaan madaxda aduunka. Sida taariikhda lagu hayo hindisaha iyo magaca ''Qaramada Midoobay'' waxaa horaantii iska lahaa madaxweynihii wadanka [[Maraykanka]] Franklin Roosevelt wakhtigaasi oo uu rabay in lagu magacaabo xulafadii Isbaahaysiga.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.wordorigins.org/wordoru.htm |access-date=2006-09-27 |archive-date=2006-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927143158/http://www.wordorigins.org/wordoru.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Fikradaasi waxaa ku raacay Ra'iisal wasaarihii [[UK|Boqortooyada Biritayn]] kaasi oo socdaal shaqo ku joogay cariga Maraykanka wakhtigaasi 1941. Si kastaba ha ahaatee sanadihii xigay waxaa ereyga Qaramada Midoobay aad u isticmaalayay xulafadii isbaahaysiga ee dagaalka kula jirtey [[Jarmalka]]. [[File:UnitedNations.gif|thumb|alt=A black and white motion picture of some men signing papers on a desk in the center of a huge decorated room.|Aasaasitaankii [[Qaramada Midoobay]]]] =Ku Dhawaaqida QM (1942)= Qorsheeyntii dhisitaanka ururka wuxuu bilaabmey wakhti ka horeeyay Dagaalkii Labaad taasi oo la aaminsan yahay in [[USA|Waaxda Siyaasada Maraykanka]] (US State Department) bilowday qorsheeynta arimaha ururka sanadkii 1939.<ref>Townsend Hoopes and Douglas Brinkley, ''FDR and the Creation of the U.N.'' (1997) pp 1-55</ref> Maqaalkii ugu horeeyay ee ku dhawaaqida Qaramada Midoobay waxaa si wada jir ah u diyaariyay 29 Diisamber 1941 madaxweynihii Maraykanka Franklin D. Roosevelt, ra'isul-wasaaraha Boqortooyada Biritatn Winston Churchill, gacanyarahii Roosevelt Harry Hopkins, kuwaasi oo wakhtigaas ku sugnaa Aqalka Cad ee Maraykanka. Madaxweyne Roosevelt wakhtigaasi wuxuu Qaramada Midoobay ku tilmaamayay Xulafadii Isbaaheysiga Dagaalkii Labaad (Allies of World War II). Fikradan waxaa markiiba ku raacay raisal wasaarihii Boqortooyada Britayn kaasi oo isla markiiba ka hirgeliyay wadankiisa. [[File:Early United Nations official's passport from WW2 - working for UNRRA 1944.jpg|thumb|Baasaboodhkii ugu horeeyay ee Qaramada Midoobay la daabacay 1944]] Qiyaastii 1–2 Janaayo 1942, ayaa lagu dhawaaqay Qaramada Midoobay wakhtigaasi ooy saxeexeen sharciga ururkaas ilaa 26 wadan.<ref>David Roll, ''The Hopkins Touch: Harry Hopkins and the Forging of the Alliance to Defeat Hitler'' (2013) pp 172-75</ref><ref>Robert E. Sherwood, ''Roosevelt and Hopkins, An Intimate History'' (1948) pp 447-53</ref> Badhtamigii 1945kii waxaa heshiiska saxeexay 21 wadan oo kale kuwaasi oo sii xoojijiyay hanoqaadkii ururka.<ref>{{cite book|author=Edmund Jan Osmańczyk|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: T to Z|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=6AB2CadyN7QC&pg=PA2445|year=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=2445}}</ref> Heshiskaasi wuxuu ku bilaabmayay sidan: <blockquote> WAXAAN KU DHAWAAQAYNAA ISKU XIDHKA IYO MIDNIMADA MARAYKANKA, BOQORTOOYADA BRITAIN OO LA SOCOTO WAQOOYIGA IRELAND, MIDOWGA SOOFIYEETI, SHIINAHA, AUSTRALIA, BELGIUM, KANADA, COSTA RICA, CUBA, JEKOSLOVAKIA, JAMHUURIYADA DOMINIKA, EL SALVADOR, GIRIIGA, GUATEMALA, HAITI, HONDURAS, HINDIYA, LUXEMBOURG, NETHERLANDS, NEW ZEALAND, NICARAGUA, NORWAY, PANAMA, POLAND, KOONFUR AFRICA, YUGOSLAVIA <br> Saxeexa dowladaha ayaa hoosta kaga qornaa maqaalkaasi. <br> </blockquote> Hadaba wakhtiyadii uu socday Dagaalkii Labaad waxaa caan noqotey isticmaalka Qaramada Midoobay taasi oo laga waday Xulafada Wadanada Isbaahaystay ee kor ku soo xusnay. Marka wadan rabo inuu ururkaas Qaramada Midoobay ky biiro waxaa shardi ahayd inuu saxeexo heshiiska isla markaana dagaal ku dhawaaqo Isbaahaysigii Nasiga (Axis).<ref>Stephen C. Schlesinger, ''Act of creation: The founding of the United Nations: A story of superpowers, secret agents, wartime allies and enemies, and their quest for a peaceful world'' (2003)</ref> =Qorshaynti QM= Fikrada ah in ururka Qaramada Midoobay noqdo mid caalamka dhan ka dhexeeya waxay bilaabantey Shirkii Moosko ee 1943dii iyo Shirkii Tehraan ee isla sanadkaasi. Shir dhacay bishii Agoosto ilaa Oktoobar 1944kii ayaa wadanada [[Shiinaha]], [[UK|Boqortooyada Biritayn]], iyo [[Ruushka|Midowgii Soofiyeeti]], oo ku kulmay caasimada Washington, D.C ayaa waxay ku soo saareen in ururka Qaramada Midoobay laga dhigo mid caalami ah oo u dhaxeeya wadanada aduunka dhamaantood. Is-aragyo kale iyo hadalo badan ka dib waxaa la isku raacay cida xubin ka noqon karta ururka iyo shaqooyinka uu qaban doono kuwaasi ooy ka mid ahaayeen inuu ilaaliyo nabada guud ee caalamka, horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo xidhiidhka bulshooyinka caalamka.<ref>http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/history/dumbarton_yalta.shtml</ref><ref>Robert C. Hilderbrand, ''Dumbarton Oaks: The Origins of the United Nations and the Search for Postwar Security'' (UNC Press, 2001)</ref> =Aasaasitaanka QM= [[File:United Nations Member States-1945.png|thumb|500px|Qaramada Midoobay 1945. Wadanada buluuga khafiifka ah waa kuwii ururka bilaabay. Kuwa buluuga jaamudka ah waa wadanada la ilaalinayay iyo la gumaysanayay]] Markeey taariikhdu ahayd Abriil 25, 1945, waxaa magaalada [[San Fransisko]] ka bilaabmay Shirkii Caalamiga ee Qaramada Midoobay halkaasi ooy ku kulmeen wadano gaadhay 50 dal iyo tiro badan oo ururo caalami ah. Hadaba 26 Juun, labo bilood ka dib markii shirka la bilaabay, ayaa 50kii wadan dhamaantood saxeexeen [[Dastuurka Qaramada Midoobay]]. Ka dib markii ay dib u eegis ku sameeyeen wadanada Shiinaha, Midowga Soofiyeeti, Boqortooyada Biritayn, Maraykanka iyo tiro kale oo wadano ah ayaa 24 Oktoobar 1945, waxaa si rasmi ah loogu dhawaaqay jiritaanka '''[[Ururka Qaramada Midoobay]]'''.<ref>http://www.un.org/aboutun/sanfrancisco/history.html The 60th Anniversary of the San Francisco Conference</ref> Hoos waxaa ku qoran taariikhda wadanada xubinta ka ah Qaramada Midoobay ay soo gudbiyeen warqadii ogolaanshaha ururka:<ref>http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/unms/founders.shtml</ref> * Maraykanka - 8 Aug 1945 * Faransiisk - 31 Aug 1945 * Dominican Rep. - 4 Sep 1945 * Nicaragua - 6 Sep 1945 * New Zealand - 19 Sep 1945 * Brazil - 21 Sep 1945 * Argentina - 24 Sep 1945 * El Salvador - 26 Sep 1945 * Haiti - 27 Sep 1945 * China - 28 Sep 1945 * Turkey - 28 Sep 1945 * Denmark - 9 October 1945 * Chile - 11 Oct 1945 * Philippines - 11 Oct 1945 * Paraguay - 12 Oct 1945 * Cuba - 15 Oct 1945 * Lebanon - 15 Oct 1945 * Iran - 16 Oct 1945 * Luxembourg - 17 Oct 1945 * Saudi Arabia - 18 Oct 1945 * Czechoslovakia - 19 Oct 1945 * Syria - 19 Oct 1945 * Yugoslavia - 19 Oct 1945 * UK - 20 Oct 1945 * Egypt - 22 Oct 1945 * Byelorussia - 24 Oct 1945 * Poland - 24 Oct 1945 * Ukraine - 24 Oct 1945 * Midowga Soofiyeeti - 24 Oct 1945 * Greece - 25 Oct 1945 * India - 30 Oct 1945 * Peru - 31 Oct 1945 * Australia - 1 Nov 1945 * Costa Rica - 2 Nov 1945 * Liberia - 2 Nov 1945 * Colombia - 5 Nov 1945 * Mexico - 7 Nov 1945 * South Africa - 7 Nov 1945 * Canada - 9 Nov 1945 * Panama - 13 Nov 1945 * Bolivia - 14 Nov 1945 * Venezuela - 15 Nov 1945 * Honduras - 17 Nov 1945 * Guatemala - 21 Nov 1945 * Norway - 27 Nov 1945 * Netherlands - 10 Dec 1945 * Uruguay - 18 Dec 1945 * Ecuador - 21 Dec 1945 * Iraq - 21 Dec 1945 * Belgium - 27 Dec 1945 Shirkii ugu horeeyay ee [[GSQM|Golaha Sare]] wuxuu qabsoomay 10 Janaayo 1946 magaalada [[London]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History of the United Nations 1941 - 1950|url=http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/history/1941-1950.shtml|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=12 March 2015}}</ref> Sidoo kale waxaa ayaguna kulankii ugu horeeyay yeeshay [[GAQM|Golaha Amniga]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.un.org/en/sc/about/ |title=What is the Security Council? |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=12 March 2015}}</ref> Ururkii [Midowga Wadanada]] wuxuu si sharci ah u baaba'ay 18 Abril 1946 waxaana hadafkii iyo mashaariicdiisii lagu wareejiyay Qaramada Midoobay. =Shaqada= Ururka Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu qabtey hoowlo aad u balaadhan; kuwaasi waxaa ugu muhiimsan horumarinta xidhiidhka bulshooyinka, daryeelida [[xuquuqda Aadamaha]], horumarinta dhaqaalaha, dabargoynta gumeysiga, [[caafimaad]]ka iyo [[waxbarasho|waxbarashasa]], daryeelka [[qoxooti]]ga iyo [[ganacsi]]ga. Rajada ugu wayn ee laga aaminsan yahay Qaramada Midoobay waa ineey baajiso (joojiso) inuu dhaco daagaal wayn (dagaalka sadexaad), kaasi oo baabi'in kara dadka iyo duunyada caalamka. =Xarumaha QM= [[File:United Nations HQ - New York City.jpg|thumb|alt=Two skyscraper buildings on the bank of a river.|Xarunta sare Qaramada Midoobay [[New York]]]][[File:Vereinte Nationen in Wien.jpg|alt=Huge complex of skyscrapers and other large buildings interlaced with trees and gardens. The surrounding area as far as the horizon is filled with trees and large rivers. In the foreground a crane and small building site show that a new construction is underway.|thumb|Dhismaha QM magaalada Fiyeena]] Badhtamihii Diisambar 1945, ayaa Golaha Guurtida Maraykanka iyo Aqalka Wakiiladu u codeeyeen in Ururuka Qaramada Midoobay laga codsado ineey [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay|Xarunta Sare]] ka dhisato wadanka [[Maraykanka]]. Arintaasi way aqbashay Qaramada Midoobay, waxayna deegaan ka salaxatay bariga caasimada [[New York]] halkaasi oo ay ku iibsatey lacag dhan [[dollar|US $8.5 milyan]] oo ahayd lacag deeq ah. Dhismaha oo socday labo sano (1949 ilaa 1950) waxaa la furay [[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] Janaayo 9, 1951, inkastoo la dhamaystiray dhismaha bishii Oktoobar 9, 1952.<ref>http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10813F7385E177B93C2A8178BD95F468585F9</ref> Inkastoo xarunta ugu muhiimsan ku taalo caasimada [[New York]], ururku wuxuu xafiisyo waaweyn ku leeyahay Jeniifa, Heeg, Fiyeena, [[Nayroobi]] iyo meelo kale oo badan. =Qoraalo La Xidhiidha= *[[Qaramada Midoobay]] *[[Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay|Wadanada Xubnaha Qaramada Midoobay]] *[[Hayad khaas|Hay'adaha iyo Wakiilada Qaramada Midoobay]] *[[Xarunta Sare Qaramada Midoobay]] *[[QM|Qorashaha hirgalay ee Qaramada Midoobay]] =Linkiyo Kale= * [http://www.unhistory.org/ UN Intellectual History Project] {{Wayback|url=http://www.unhistory.org/ |date=20171218202029 }} – Academic study of UN history * [http://www.timedb.com/topic/united-nations United Nations Events Timeline] {{Wayback|url=http://www.timedb.com/topic/united-nations |date=20150702191659 }} * [http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/paw/274.html Declaration by United Nations, January 1, 1942] * [http://www.unhistoryproject.org/ UN History Project] {{QM}} =Tixraac= {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Qaramada Midoobay]][[Category:Siyaasad]] [[Category:Ururada caalamiga ah]] [[Category:Wadan]] [[Category:Dhul]]{{Commons|Category:History of the United Nations}} 4ibsy0wntnfw30hhzbq8jc7ynborg56 Beesha reer maxamed Maxad case 0 23612 301071 298468 2026-07-08T11:22:22Z ~2026-38917-47 46398 /* */ 301071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Somali Clan}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Reer Maxamed<br> رير محمد <br> La famille de Mohammed | native_name = رير محمد | native_name_lang = ar | flag = [[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|70px]] [[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Somalia.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|70px]] [[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Qatar.svg|70px]] [[File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Eritrea.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Kuwait.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Italy.svg|60px]] | ethnicity = Somali | clan = Samaroon | parent_tribe = Gadabuursi (Dir) | subclan = Maxamed Muuse Maxamed | descended = Maxamed Muuse Maxamed Samarroon Siciid Daa'uud |rels=[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|19px]] [[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam|Sunni<Sup>100%</sup>]])|related-c=[[Maxad case]], [[Bahabar Aadan]] , [[Habarcafaan]] , [[Makaahiil]] ,[[Jibriil Yoonis]] and other [[Gadabuursi]] groups <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->|languages=[[Somali]], [[Carabi]], [[Oromo]], [[France|French]], [[English]], [[Amharic]]|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Djibouti}}|region3={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}|region4={{flagcountry|Saudi_Arabia}}|region5={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region6={{flagcountry|United States}}|region7={{flagcountry|Somalia}}|region8={{flagcountry|Eritrea}}|region9={{flagcountry|Canada}}}} '''Reer Moh'd''' ([[Af-Soomaali|Soomaali]]: '''Reer Maxamed''', [[Af-Carabi]]: رير محمد, [[Af-Faransiis]]:'''La famille de Mohammed''') waa jilib ka tirsan beelaha Samaroon ([[Gadabuursi]]), gaar ahaan faraca '''Maxamed Muuse Maxamed ee Siciid Daa'uud'''. Beeshu waxay inta badan degtaa gobolka [[Salal]]<ref>"Beeshu waxay inta badan degtaa gobolka [[Salal]]"</ref>, [[Awdal]], [[Hargeysa]] ee Jamhuuriyadda [[Somaliland]] iyo Jamhuuriyadda [[Djibouti]], sidoo kale waxay ku nool yihiin qaybo ka mid ah Soomaaliya iyo qurbaha. [[File:Calanka Beesha Reer Maxamed (RM7).png|thumb|300px|<Mark>Calanka Beesha Reer Maxamed (RM7)</Mark>]] == Qaybinta iyo Deegaannada == *Beesha Reer Maxamed waxay ka mid tahay beelaha hoostaga '''Habar Muuse''', waxaana ay ka tirsan tahay faraca Maxamedcase Makadoor Siciid Daa'uud ee Gadabuursi. Beeshu waxay ka kooban tahay toddoba jilib.Waan qabiilka ugu badan Beelaha maxamed case,Reer Maxamed waa dadka ilbax ahaan ugu horeeya dadka Soomaalida taasi waxa kuu cadaynaysa: Marka la jooga qurbaha ama dalka dibadiisa in xifiisyada iyo meelaha shaqooyinka muhiimka ahi ka socdaan dadka kaliya ee aad ku arkaysaa ay yihiin dad ka soo jeeda Beesha Reer Maxamed, markaas taasi waxa ay ku tusinaysaa inay yihiin dad leh xadaarad iyo ilbaxnimo soo jireen ah. *Reer maxamed waa dad lagu yaqaano geesinimo iyo raganimo sido kale waa dad xadaariyiina. *Beesha Reer Maxamed waa Beelaha hogaanka siyaasadeed maamul majaraha u haya dawladaha Soomaalida.Beesha Reer Maxamed ayaa ilaa wakhtigan saamayn wayn kuleh ama u taliya siyaasada dawladaha Geeska ama dawladaha Soomaalida. Siyaasiyiinta Reer Maxamed waa kuwa badiyaa Beelaha Gadabuursi ama Maxamed Case u matala kuraasta saami siyaasadeed ee [[Somaliland]], [[Somalia]] iyo [[Djibouti]]. <blockquote>Beesha Reer Maxamed waxay caan ku tahay nabada iyo horumarka. Tan iyo ilaa heshiisyadii lagu dhisay maamulka Soomaaliland ayay beeshu martigelin, taageero, dhexdhexaadin iyo tusaalayn ku wadan bulshada ku dhaqan deegaanadaasi. Waxaa intaas dheer oo [[Beesha reer maxamed Maxad case|beesha Reer Maxamed]] lagu yaqaanaa horumarinta iyo dhiirigelinta waxbarashada, caafimaadka, aqoonta iyo cilmiga.</blockquote> '''Deegaannada ay beeshu degto waxaa ka mid ah:''' * Dooxada Dibirawayn * [[Degmada Baki]] * Abdulqaadir * Dooxada Biji * Tooraboore * Fardo-lagu-xidh * Budlalay * Agabar * [[Qabribayax|Qabri-bayax]] * Balcad * [[Janaale]] * [[Lughaya]] * Garbodadar * [[Bu'aale]] * Aw-dheegle * [[Lowyacado|Lawyacaddo]] * [[Baligubadle]] * Heemaal * [[Kismaayo]] * Fiqi Aadan * Sheekh Awaare * Damasha * [[Saylac]] * Jaldessa * Diri * Xooray * Carawayne * Afcas * Geed deeble * Xamarta * [[Hargeysa]] * Cali Xaydh * Bus * Caasha-cado * Buqdhada * Bacado * Jidhi * Buurta Siimoodi * Dur-Dur Cad * Cabdi Geedi * Sitti * [[Abaarso]] * [[Kalabaydh, Maroodi Jeex|Kalabaydh]] * Hadh-wanaag * [[Arabsiyo]] * [[Herer|Harar]] * [[Gabiley]] * [[Sanaag]] * Sambabka Cas * [[Jowhar]] * Fafan * [[Dilla]] * Magaalada Borama (Gobolka Awdal) * Qaybo ka mid ah Djibouti * Iyo Qurbaha == Dhaqaalaha == *Dhaqaalaha '''Beesha Reer Maxamed''' waa mid ku dhisan saddex tiir oo waaweyn: xoolo-dhaqasho, macdan, iyo beeraha. Beeshu waxay degtaa deegaano kala duwan, taas oo sahashay in ay yeeshaan dhaqaale ku tiirsan khayraadka dabiiciga ah iyo ganacsi isku xidhan. === Xoolo-dhaqasho === [[File:Somali camel.jpg|thumb|right|250px| Geelaha dhaqanka ah ee beesha reer Maxamed]] [[File:Somali Goats.jpg|thumb|right|250px| Adhiga dhaqanka ah ee beesha reer Maxamed]] Xoolo-dhaqashadu waa laf-dhabarta dhaqaalaha beesha. Geela, lo’da, iyo ariga ayaa bixiya caano, hilib, iyo dakhli ganacsi oo laga helo suuqyada maxalliga ah iyo kuwa gobolka. === Macdan === [[File:Beryl South Africa.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Beryl — Macdanta Beryllium ee Buuraha Simoodi waa mid laga yaqaan deegaanada beeshu ku nooshahay.]] Deegaannada qaarkood ee ay beeshu degto, gaar ahaan Buuraha '''Siimoodi''', waxaa laga helaa dahab iyo macdano kale. Soo saarista macdantani waxay qayb ka qaadataa dakhliga iyo ganacsiga deegaanka iyo qoysaska qaarkood. === Beeraha === [[File:Somalia, Awdal region, Baki District.png|thumb|right|250px|Map-ka Baki, Awdal - Sawir Muujinaya deeganka baki.]] [[File:Baki awdal1.jpg|thumb|right|290px|Beeraha Xabxabka ee baki]] [[File:Watermelon_from_Senegal.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Xabxabka la soo goostay]] Beeruhu waa tiir kale oo muhiim ah. '''Beesha reer maxamed''' waxay si gaar ah ugu xeel dheer yihiin beerista xabxabka iyo dalagyo kale. Wax soo saarka qaar waxaa loo suuq geeyaa gudaha dalka, halka qaar kalena loo dhoofiyo dalalka dariska ah sida [[Ethiopia]] iyo [[Djibouti]]. *Ganacsiga beesha kuma koobna wax-soo-saarka oo keliya, balse wuxuu isku xiraa miyiga, goobaha macdanta laga qodo, Goobaha wax-soo-saarka iyo suuqyada waaweyn, taas oo muujinaysa nidaam dhaqaale oo firfircoon. == Taariikhda == [[File:Zeila ruins.jpeg|thumb|middle|350px|Dhismayaal qadiimi ah oo ku yaal magaalada [[Saylac]], kuwaas oo ka mid ah guryihii dhagaxa ahaa ee taariikhiga ahaa ee magaalada ay ka dhistay [[Beesha reer maxamed Maxad case|Beesha reer maxamed]].]] <blockquote> Beesha reer maxamed waxay ka mid ahayd bulshooyinkii taariikhda dheer ku lahaa magaalo xeebeedka [[Saylac]] ee gobolka [[Awdal]]. Magaalada Saylac waxay qarniyo badan ahayd xarun ganacsi, diin iyo ilbaxnimo oo muhiim u ahayd Geeska Afrika.</blockquote><br><blockquote>Guryaha qadiimiga ah ee dhagaxa ka samaysan ee ku yaal magaalada ayaa ka mid ah astaamaha taariikhiga ah ee magaalada, waxaana la sheegaa in dhismayaashaasi ay la xiriireen farsamooyin hore oo lagu farsamayn jiray sonkorta iyo ganacsiga badeecooyinka kale.</blockquote> [[File:Zayla.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Ruins of the Muslim [[Adal Sultanate|Sultanate of Adal]] in Zeila, Somaliland]] Saylac waxay ahayd magaalo muhiim ah oo ku jirtay dawladihii Islaamiga ahaa ee Geeska Afrika sida [[Saldanadi Ifat|Saldanadii Ifat]] iyo [[Saldanadii Cadal]]. Labadan saldanadood waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen taariikhda gobolka, gaar ahaan xilligii dagaalladii u dhexeeyay dawladaha Islaamka iyo boqortooyadii Abyssinia. [[File:The Sultanate of Ifat.png|thumb|right|290px|Khariidad muujinaysa dhulkii ay ka talin jirtay [[Saldanadi Ifat|Saldanadii Ifat]].]] Saldanadii Ifat waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah dawladihii Islaamiga ahaa ee hore uga jiray Geeska Afrika, waxayna maamuli jirtay qaybo badan oo ka mid ah xeebaha iyo dhulka gudaha. Magaalada Saylac waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah dekedihii muhiimka ahaa ee dawladan. [[File:Adal sultanate during the conquest of habesh.jpg|thumb|right|290px|Khariidad muujinaysa dhulkii ay ka talin jirtay [[Saldanadii Cadal]].]] Kadib burburkii Ifat, [[Saldanadii Cadal]] ayaa noqotay dawlad awood badan oo maamuli jirtay qaybo badan oo ka mid ah Geeska Afrika. Xilligii [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Imaam Axmed Gurey]] (Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi)oo aha [[Gadabuursi|Beesha Gadabuursi]] gaar ahan beelaha Maxad case lafta Cismaan Muuse Maxamed Case (Abrayn ), Cadal waxay noqotay quwad militari oo xooggan oo dagaallo waaweyn la gashay boqortooyadii Itoobiya. [[File:City Gate, Harar Jugol (14464345823).jpg|City_Gate,_Harar_Jugol_(14464345823)|thumb|right|280px|Derbiyada magaalada taariikhiga ah ee [[Harar]].]] Magaalada [[Harar]] ayaa sidoo kale xiriir dhow la lahayd Saylac iyo dawladihii Islaamiga ahaa ee gobolka. Harar waxay ahayd xarun diimeed iyo mid siyaasadeed oo muhiim ah qarniyo badan. === Kaalinta Beesha Gadabuursi ee Halganka Madax-bannaanida Jabuuti === Beesha [[Gadabuursi]] (Samaroon) waxay door aasaasi ah ka qaadatay halgankii madax-bannaanida dalka Jabuuti. Iyadoo ka kooban saddexda garab ee waaweyn ('''Habar Cafaan, Makaahiil, iyo Mahad-Asse'''), beeshu waxay horseed ka ahayd dhaqdhaqaaqyadii ugu horreeyay ee siyaasadda iyo kuwii dambe ee hubaysnaa. === Geesiyaasha Beesha ee Halganka Horkacay === ==== 1. Hoggaanka Siyaasadda iyo Bilowgii Halganka ==== * '''Djama Ali Moussa (Mahad-Asse= Bahabar celi)''': Wuxuu ahaa ninkii u horreeyay ee Soomaali ah ee loo doorto madaxa Golaha Dowladda (President of the Government Council) ee French Somaliland (1946–1957). Wuxuu ahaa aasaasihii nidaamka siyaasadeed ee Jabuuti. * '''Sultan Mahamed Haji Dideh (Mahad-Asse=Bahabar celi)''': Ganacsade iyo oday dhaqameed dhisay kaabayaasha magaalada Jabuuti, dhisayna masaajidkii ugu horreeyay 1891,ahaana ninkii magaca '''French Somaliland''' (Côte Française des Somalis) u bixiyay dhulka Jabuuti, ninkaas waxa la sheegaa inuu ahaa halgamaagii weynaa ee jabuuti soo mara. Sidoo kale aha suldanki Saylac waqtigi British Somaliland horaantii qarnigii 20aad. * '''Haji Jibril Jilane Farah(Mahad-Asse=Rer Maxamed)''': Halgamaa weyn oo lagu yaqaanay aragtidiisa dheer iyo dhabar-adayga uu kala hor yimid gumeysiga Faransiiska, ahaana siyaasigii ugu muhiim sanaa ee Faransiisku ku dileen [[Jabuuti|Jabuuti.]] ==== 2. Aqoonyahannada iyo Garabka Hubaysan (FLCS) ==== * '''Dr. Omar Osman Rabeh (Makaahiil/Reer Yoonis)''': Aqoonyahan iyo mufakir weyn. Xabsigii uu ku jiray 1968–1975 wuxuu ahaa calaamad u ah iska caabinta Faransiiska. Isaga dartiis ayaa loo fuliyay afduubkii safiirka Faransiiska. * '''Mohamed Osman Huffaneh (Makaahiil)''': Mid ka mid ah saraakiishii ugu sarreeyay ee ururka [[Somali Coast Protectorate|FLCS]], ahaana ninkii horseeday hawlgalladii milatari ee gumeysiga lagu wiiqay. * '''Omar Sharidi Buuni (Habar Cafaan)''': Halgamaa caan ah oo ka mid ahaa dhallinyaradii ugu horreysay ee abaabusha kacdoonnada magaalooyinka, isagoo ka tirsanaa ururradii horyaalka u ahaa xornimada. * '''Mohamed Omar(Makaahiil: Bahabar Cabdale)(Halgamaa)''':Waxa uu ka mid ahaa dhalinyarti u soo dhabar adaygay cadaadiska gumeysiga ee lala beegsanayay halgamayaasha Jabuuti ==== 3. Haweenka Geesiyaasha ah ==== Dumarka Gadabuursi waxay ahaayeen kuwo si geesinnimo leh ugu dhex jiray mudaaharaadyada: * '''Dahabo Farah (Mahad-Asse=rer Mahamed)''': Waxay ahayd hoggaamiye bulsho oo caan ku ahayd abaabulka haweenka iyo dhiirigelinta dadka u taagan xornimada. * '''Xadiija (Khadra) Gadabuursi''': Waxay ka dhex muuqatay safafka hore ee kacdoonkii dadweynaha, iyadoo ka badbaaday xarigyo iyo cadaadis badan. <Mark>Iyo qaar kaloo badan oo la qariyey Taariikhdooda iyo halganka ay ka qaateen halganka madax-banaanida jabuuti.</Mark> === Kaalintii Ururka FLCS iyo Beesha Gadabuursi === <blockquote>Beesha Gadabuursi waxay saldhig weyn u ahayd ururkii [[Somali Coast Protectorate|Front for the Liberation of the Somali Coast (FLCS)]]. Inta badan dhalinyarada beesha waxay ka soo galeen halganka dhinaca xuduudka Somaliland (Saylac iyo Lughaya), iyagoo gumeysiga ka soo weerari jiray dhinaca koonfureed ee Jabuuti. Taariikh ahaana, [[Beesha Maxamed Case|beelaha Maxamed Case]] oo ka tirsan beelweynta [[Gadabuursi]], kuwaas oo dega Saylac iyo deegaanka ku xeeran, waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen dhacdooyin badan oo taariikhi ah oo ka dhacay Geeska Afrika. Qaar ka mid ah dadka beelahan ayaa sidoo kale ka qayb qaatay halgankii lagu xoreynayay [[Jabuuti]] xilligii [[Faransiiska|gumaysiga Faransiiska]], iyagoo ka mid ahaa kooxihii ugu badnaa ee ka soo horjeeday maamulka gumaysiga ee Faransiiska ee ka jiray dalkaas qarnigii 20aad.</blockquote> === Cadaadiskii Gumeysiga (Tarxiilkii) === <blockquote>Taariikhdu waxay xustaa in sanadkii 1967, gumeysigii Faransiisku uu [[Jabuuti]] ka tarxiilay dad ka badan <mark>25,000 oo qof qaarkana la diley kuwaas oo u badnaa [[Gadabuursi|beesha Gadabuursi]],</Mark> si uu u dhimo codadka doonayay madax-bannaanida iyo midnimada Soomaali-Weyn.</blockquote> === Heesaa Reer Saylac === Qarnigii 19aad, sahamiyihii reer Austria ee '''Philipp Paulitschke''' ayaa xusay hees qadiimi ah oo ka timid magaalada Saylac. Sida uu sheegay, sanadkii 1886 sarkaal Ingiriis ah oo lagu magacaabi jiray '''J. S. King''' ayaa duubay hees loo yaqaan '''"To My Beloved"''' oo uu tiriyey nin ka tirsan [[Gadabuursi]] gaar ahaan beesha reer Maxamed kuna socotay gabadh ay isku beel ahaayeen. Heestaas ayaa noqotay mid aad looga yaqaan Saylac inkasta oo Soomaalida kale ay ku adkayd inay si buuxda u fahmaan. === Heesta "To My Beloved" === Heesta qadiimiga ah ee laga duubay magaalada Saylac waxaa loo qoray sidan marka loo rogo far Soomaali: <poem><blockquote>"Inád dor santahâj wahân kagarân difta ku gutalah. Jidkagi dalajsna sidî dagal madobája. Bukur dora dûk lamâ hadto ê darafmadan ghaili. Dukad jo tawâschi âd g'amahā dibugu la fijûtu? Darhaga harábka o dakhal sides mughda. Darafjid harako ádigo dalaka lainâjā Dugagadaha wahan kagadigî dûbi l'agêda. Dunjada turkugû nûdugûja dâr-taijadda búhada. Jilal dirbigga Sâhil bâdūbī sarênkīja. Dara'dînă wahio kugudi doha Hirwwâ. Duhbán kagalên nimika dagâ dabâ nugâlīda. Meschád kádaiji kamâ aid'in dûgsin l'abája. Jntán maraddu d'a'is kagadimân dûbō gūguschâda" </blockquote></poem> === Abu Bakr Pasha === Abu Bakr Pasha wuxuu ahaa guddoomiyihii Saylac sanadkii 1877, wuxuuna ka tirsanaa maamulka {{lang|so|Cusmaaniyiinta}} ee gobolka. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu ka soo jeeday [[Gadabuursi|qabiilka Gadabuursi]] gaar ahan beesha Maxad case( [[Beesha reer maxamed Maxad case|Reer Maxamed]]) ee deggan Saylac iyo hareeraheeda. [[File:Abubakr.jpg|thumb|middle|250px|Abu Bakr Pasha oo ka tirsan Reer Maxamed Habar Muuse, ahaana guddoomiyihii Saylac dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, gaar ahaan sanadkii 1877.]] Sawirka Abu Bakr Pasha waxaa sameeyay safar-baarayaal ka socday {{lang|it|Società Geografica Italiana}} intii u dhaxeysay 1877–1878, markii ay sahaminayeen dhulka {{lang|so|Ethiopia}} iyo Geeska Afrika. Saylac xilligaa waxay ahayd deked ganacsi oo muhiim ah, isku xirta gudaha Ethiopia iyo xeebaha Badda Cas. === Buralleh (Buralli) Robleh === '''Buralleh (Buralli) Robleh''' wuxuu ahaa sarkaal boolis (Sub-Inspector of Police) oo ka shaqayn jiray magaalada [[Zeila]] xilligii maamulka [[British Somaliland]] horraantii qarnigii 20aad. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa saraakiishii Soomaalida ee ka shaqayn jiray maamulka Ingiriiska ee xeebaha waqooyi ee Soomaalida. [[File:Burallehroble.jpg|thumb|280px|Buralleh (Buralli) Robleh oo ka tirsan beesha reer Maxamed ([[Maxad case|Maxamed case]]) ee beelweynta [[Gadabuursi|Gadabuurs]]<nowiki/>i, ahaana Sarkaal police ka hawl geli jiray Saylac, iyo General Gordon, Gudoomiyihi British Somaliland, Magaalada [[Saylac]] (1921).]] Buugga '''Sun, Sand and Somals''' (1921), oo uu qoray [[Major H. Rayne]], ayaa xusay Buralleh Robleh isaga oo ahaa sarkaal boolis oo muhiim ah oo ka hawlgeli jiray Zeila. Qoraagu wuxuu tilmaamay in Buralleh Robleh uu ka mid ahaa ragga deegaanka ee Ingiriisku ku tiirsanaa si ay u maamulaan amniga iyo nidaamka magaalada Saylac iyo deegaannada ku xeeran. Sannadkii 1921 ayaa sawir laga qaaday Buralleh Robleh isaga oo la socda guddoomiyihii [[British Somaliland]] '''General Gordon''' xilli uu booqasho ku joogay magaalada Zeila. Sawirkaas oo markii dambe lagu daabacay qoraallo iyo kayd taariikheed ayaa muujinaya kaalintii saraakiisha Soomaalida ee ka qayb qaadan jiray maamulka gumaysiga ee deegaanka. === Xiriirka Beesha Reer Maxamed === Beesha Reer Maxamed waxay qayb ka ahayd *hoggaanka bulshada iyo ganacsiga Saylac*, waxayna la xiriirtay '''beesha Habar Muuse (Abreyn)'''. Taariikh ahaan, xubno ka tirsan beeshan ayaa ka qayb qaatay: * Maamulka dekedaha Saylac * Ganacsiga xoolaha iyo badeecooyinka kale * Ilaalinta iyo difaaca bulshada deegaanka. === Ganacsiga Xeebaha === [[File:Zeila waterfront in 1877.jpg|thumb|Middle|350px|Sawirka Xeebaha dekeda Saylac,1877.]] <blockquote> Taariikh ahaan, beesha '''Reer Maxamed''' oo ka tirsan beelweynta [[Gadabuursi]] waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday xeebaha waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika, gaar ahaan magaalooyinka [[Zeila|Saylac]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]], iyo gudaha dhulka [[Harar]]. Ganacsatada beeshan waxay qayb ka ahaayeen shabakaddii ganacsi ee isku xidhi jirtay xeebaha Badda Cas iyo suuqyada gudaha Itoobiya.</blockquote><br><blockquote> Ganacsatada Reer Maxamed waxay ka keeni jireen [[Harar]] iyo dhulka Oromada badeecooyin ay ka mid ahaayeen '''kafee''', '''saffron (baastar)''', '''faan-maroodi''', iyo '''baalal shimbiro''','''Dahab'''. Badeecooyinkan waxaa lagu soo dejin jiray suuqyada xeebaha sida [[Zeila|Saylac]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]], halkaas oo markabyo ka iman jiray [[gacanka Cadmeed]] iyo xeebaha kale ee Badda Cas ay ka qaadi jireen.</blockquote> <blockquote>Dhanka kale, ganacsatadu waxay gudaha u qaadi jireen alaabo dibadda laga keenay sida '''zinc''', '''naxaasta''', '''maryo ballaadhan''', iyo '''badeecooyin kale oo warshadaysan'''. Ganacsigu wuxuu badanaa socon jiray xilliyo gaar ah oo sanadka ka mid ah, ganacsataduna waxay mararka qaar safarro badan ku tegi jireen dekedaha Carabta si ay u dhammeystiraan is-weydaarsiga ganacsiga.</blockquote> Ganacsigan ayaa ka dhigay [[Zeila|Saylac]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]] xarumo muhiim ah oo isku xidha ganacsiga badda iyo kan gudaha, iyadoo ganacsatada Reer Maxamed ay ka mid ahaayeen kooxihii ganacsi ee firfircoonaa ee ka shaqayn jiray isku xidhka suuqyada [[Harar]] iyo xeebaha Badda Cas. == Laamaha == * Reer Cabdille 🐐 * Axmed Cigaal 🐐 * Galaalweyn 🐫 * Gadhadhweyn 🐐 * Dhegood 🐐 * Reer Aadan 🐐 * Horkameer 🐐 == Hoggaanka Dhaqanka == Beesha Reer Maxamed waxay leedahay cuqaal iyo odayaal dhaqameed. Waxaa ka mid ah: * Suldaan Sheekh Ibraahim Cabdi Riiraash * Suldaan Xaaji Daahir Awcilmi * Caaqil Cali Bile Suldaan * Caaqil Faarax Geedi Cali * Caaqil Cabdi Axmed Dhidar * Caaqil Cumar Cali Faarax * Caaqil Mahdi Warsame Kaahin * Caaqil Faarax Ilka-case * Caaqil Maxamuud Sh.ismaaciil == Siyaasadda == Qaar ka mid ah siyaasiyiinta laga soo jeedo beesha waxaa ka mid ah: * Cali Xaamud Jibriil (Ex-Wasiir iyo Xildhibaan) * Axmed Xaaji Daahir Aw Cilmi * Ahmed Adan Ahmed Buuhane (Wasiirka Qorshaynta Somaliland) * Mudane Farxaan Axmed Habane (Xoghayaha Fulinta Dawladda Hoose Boorama) * Mukhtaar Cige Aamin Guuleed * Xuseen Caateeye Gaafane (Gudoomiyaha Wasaaradda Waxbarashada iyo Sayniska ee Gobolka Awdal ) * Ahmed Mohamed Mahamoud (Afwayne) * Caasha Koos (Xildhibaan Golaha Shacabka) * Maxamed Cabdi Gaafane * Farah Ismail Sidci (Guddoomiyaha Komishanka Doorashooyinka Gobolka Awdal) == Ganacsato == Qaar ka mid ah ganacsatada: * Xaaji Muumin Jaamac Samaale * Xaaji Daauud Cali Samaale * Mustafe Mohamed Daahir * Ahmed Cabdirahman Colahaye * Xuseen Kaahiye Khaliif == Aqoonyahanno == * Prof. Xuseen Cige Aamin Guuleed * Prof. Saleeban Cige Aamin Guuleed * Prof. Maxamed Kaahiye Khaliif * Nuur Aadan Shirdoon == Saraakiil Ciidan == * G/Sare Axmed Ciise Axmed * S/Guuto Yuusuf Aw Iimaan Diiriye * S/Guuto Axmed Ciise Ruush * G/Sare Mako Jaamac Xuseen * G/Dhexe Cali Uurdoox * G/Le Axmed Kaahin == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Saldanadii Cadal]] * [[Saldanadi Ifat|Saldanadii ifat]] * [[Taariikhda Jabuuti]] * [[Gadabuursi]] == Tixraac == <references> <ref>https://alchetron.com/Sultan-Mahomed-Haji-Dideh</ref> <ref>https://wardheernews.com/first-footsteps-into-the-horn-sir-richard-burton-and-the-tribes-of-the-somali-frontier/</ref> <ref>https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/a-complete-history-of-zeila-zayla</ref> <ref>https://www.scribd.com/document/646653318/he-Trade-of-the-Gulf-of-Aden-Ports-of-Africa</ref> <ref>https://markjosephjochim.com/2017/09/12/french-somali-coast-81-1915/</ref> <ref>https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/a-complete-history-of-harar-the-city</ref> <ref>https://sah.org/2015/02/11/harar-and-old-goa-architectural-hybridity-on-the-periphery/</ref> <ref>https://grokipedia.com/page/Abadir_Umar_ar-Rida</ref> <ref>https://www.academia.edu/50936381/The_Ethiopian_Adal_War_1529_1543</ref> <ref>https://panafrocore.com/2024/04/02/the-history-of-the-adal-sultanate-in-the-horn-of-africa/</ref> <ref>https://en.sewasew.com/p/gadabuursi-ethnography</ref> <ref>https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/gadabuursi.html</ref> <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314597073_Ifat_Sultanate_of</ref> <ref>https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/a-muslim-kingdom-in-the-ethiopian</ref> <ref>http://beeshadireed.blogspot.com/2012/04/reer-Maxamed-gadabursi-dir-clan.html</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Gadabuursi |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadabuursi |website=Wikipedia}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Dir (clan) |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dir_(clan) |website=Wikipedia}}</ref> </references> 9veu118b3ig46xd1ecbkd0rso47ge1t Attack on Pearl Harbour 0 23776 301010 262166 2026-07-07T14:24:14Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 301010 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_(4096a7ac-b0a9-d97f-fba2-c4f8ae6da5e9).jpg|thumb]] Dagaalkii -Pearl Harbor Hawaii Weerarka lagu qaaday Pearl Harbor wuxuu ahaa weerar isdaba joog ah oo ka dhacay Adeegga Ciidanka Bada ee Imperial Japanese Navy oo ka soo horjeeday saldhigga ciidamada Maraykanka ee Pearl Harbor, ee Hawaii Territory, subaxnimadii December 7, 1941. Weerarka, oo loo yaqaan Battle of Pearl Harbor, waxay keentay in [[Gobolada Midoobay|Mareykanka]] uu soo galo dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka. Hoggaanka millatari ee Japan ayaa tilmaamaya weerarka inuu yahay Hawlgalkii Hawaii iyo Hawlgalkii AI, iyo Hawlgalkii Z inta lagu jiro qorshaynta. Japan ayaa ujeedkeedu ahaa sidii looga hortagi lahaa in la sii daayo Farsamada Mareykanka ee Pacific si ay u faragaliso tallaabooyinka millatari ee qorshaysan ee Koonfur-Aasiya oo ka dhan ah dhulalka dibedda ee Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, Nederland iyo Mareykanka. Muddadii todoba saacadood ah waxaa isku duba riday weeraro Japan ah oo ku saabsan Filibiin, [[Guam]] iyo Wake Island iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska ee Malaya, Singapore, iyo Hong Kong. Weerarku wuxuu bilowday 7:48 subaxnimadii Hawaiian (18:18 GMT). Saldhig waxaa weeraray 353 Diyaaradaha Imperial Japanese (oo ay ka mid yihiin dagaalyahanno, heerarka iyo bambooyinka qarxa, iyo shuftada) laba mowjadood, oo laga bilaabey lix diyaarad diyaaradeed. Dhammaan siddeed sideed ciidan oo Mareykan ah ayaa la waxyeeleeyay, iyada oo afar meelood oo qorrax leh. Dhamaan laakiin USS Arizona ayaa dib loo sara kiciyey, lixna waxaa loo soo celiyay adeegyo waxayna u baxsadeen dagaalka. Jabaanku sidoo kale wuxuu ku dhuftey ama burburiyay saddexda kireyaal, saddex wax burburiyay, markab tababar ah oo ka soo horjeeda diyaaradda, iyo hal minalay. Hal boqol iyo siddeed sideed sideed Mareykanka ayaa la burburiyey; 2,403 Maraykan ah ayaa lagu dilay, 1,178 kalena waa la dhaawacay. Qalabka saldhigyada muhiimka ah sida saldhigga korontada, qalabka qallalan, markabka, dayactirka, shidaalka iyo tas-hiilaadka kaydka shabakadaha, iyo sidoo kale bambada badda iyo xarunta dhismaha (sidoo kale qaybta sirdoonka), lama soo weerarin. Dhibaatooyinka Jabuutiyadu waxay ahaayeen iftiin: 29 diyaaradood iyo shan bas-yar oo maraakiib ah ayaa la waayay, 64 askari ayaa la dilay. Mid ka mid ah badmaaxaha Japan, Kazuo Sakamaki, ayaa la qabtay. Weerarka lama filaanka ah ayaa yimid xilli ay dad badani argagax ku hayaan dadka reer Mareykan, isla markaana si toos ah ugu soo galay Mareykanka ee soo galay dagaalkii labaad ee dunida ee labada masaajid ee Pacific iyo Yurub. Maalintii xigtay, Diisambar 8, Mareykanka wuxuu ku dhawaaqay dagaal Japan, dhowr maalmood ka dib, 11kii Diseembar, Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga ayaa ku dhawaaqay dagaal kasta oo Maraykan ah Maraykanku wuxuu ka jawaabay jawaab cad oo ka dhan ah Jarmalka iyo Talyaaniga. Taageerada gudaha ee ku-meel-gaadhka ah ee aan-dhex-dhexaadinta, oo ahayd mid sii xumaynayay tan iyo Fallkii Faransiiska 1940-kii. ==See Also== [[World war 2]] avx4x17m706mh9ezstt05azhl98bam4 Patrice Lumumba 0 31029 301060 240898 2026-07-07T23:24:56Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 301060 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:PatriceLumumba1960.jpg|thumb|Patrice Émery Lumumba (1960)]] '''Batriisey Emery Lumumba''' (oo si kale loogu beddelay '''Patrice Hemery Lumumba'''; 2 Luulyo 1925 - 17 Janaayo 1961) wuxuu ahaa siyaasi reer Kongo ah iyo hogaamiye madaxbanaan oo soo noqday Raiisel Wasaarihii ugu horreeyay ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Kongo (markaa Jamhuuriyadda Koongo) Sebtember 1960. Wuxuu door muhiim ah ka ciyaaray isbadalki Kongo ee gumeysi ee Beljamka oo noqotay jamhuuriyad madaxbanaan. Fikrad ahaan waa muwaadin Afrikaan ah iyo panis-Africanist, wuxuu hogaaminayay xisbiga [[Kongo National Movement]] (MNC) laga soo bilaabo 1958 ilaa dilkiisa. Wax yar ka dib markii xornimada Congo qaadatay 1960, waxaa dhacay xasuuq ciidan, taas oo astaan u ah bilowga qalalaasaha Kongo. Lumumba wuxuu ka codsaday [[Gobolada Isku Tegay ee Ameerika|Mareykanka]] iyo [[Qaramada Midoobay]] caawinaad si loo xakameeyo goos goosadadii Katangan ee ay taageereen [[Moise Tshombe]]. Labaduba way diideen, sidaa darteed Lumumba wuxuu u jeestay [[Midowgii Soofiyeeti]] mid taageera. Tani waxay keentay kala duwanaansho sii kordheysa oo dhexmarta Madaxweynaha [[Joseph Kasa-Vubu]] iyo madaxa shaqaalaha [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Joseph-Désiré Mobutu]], iyo sidoo kale Mareykanka iyo [[Beljim]], kuwaas oo ka soo horjeedsaday Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee [[Dagaalkii Qaboobaa]]. Lumumba ayaa markii dambe ay xireen masuuliyiinta gobolka ee Mobutu waxaana toogtay koox toogasho ah oo hoos imanaya taliska masuuliyiinta Katangan. Dilkiisa kadib, waxaa si weyn loogu arkay inuu shahiid u ahaa dhaqdhaqaaqa ballaaran ee Pan-Afrika. Sannadkii 2002, Biljamka ayaa si rasmi ah u raaligelisay doorkeeda dilkii. [[Category:Gumud]] ibq0uxsmxzhtjoh1kj9fbbemrm515m1 Siciid Cabdulaahi Deni 0 36938 300969 300961 2026-07-07T13:24:26Z Isma4l 41797 Isma4l la wareejiyay bogga [[Siciid Deni]] ilaa [[Siciid Cabdulaahi Deni]] iyadoo la dul mariyay sii toosin: Dib u celi 267345 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saciid Cabdulaahi Maxamed''' "'''''Deni'''''" Madaxweynaha hada talada haya ahna madaxweynaha 6aad ee dawlada [[Puntland]]. o9skrfansddsfkdh0kd1awh30byo8px 300977 300969 2026-07-07T13:36:02Z Isma4l 41797 300977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Siciid Cabdullaahi Deni | native_name = {{Plainlist| * {{Nobold|Siciid Cabdullaahi Deni}} * {{Script|Arabic|سعيد عبدالله دني}} }} | honorific_suffix = | image = Said Abdullahi Deni (22-05-2021) (cropped).jpg | caption = Deni sannadkii 2021 | office1 = Madaxweynaha 7-aad ee [[Puntland]] | predecessor1 = [[Abdiweli Gaas]] | successor1 = | term_start1 = 8 Janaayo 2019 | term_end1 = | office2 = [[Wasaaradda Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah (Soomaaliya)|Wasiirka Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah]] | predecessor2 = [[Mohamud Hassan Suleiman]] | president2 = [[Hassan Sheikh Mohamud]] | successor2 = | term_start2 = 17 Janaayo 2014 | term_end2 = 22 Febraayo 2017 | birth_date = 2 Luulyo 1967 | birth_place = [[Muqdisho]], [[Soomaaliya]] | death_date = | death_place = | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda Ummadda Soomaaliyeed]] | website = | party = [[Ururka Siyaasadda ee Kaah|Kaah]] | nickname = ''Deni'' | vice_president1 = {{ubl|[[Ahmed Elmi Osman]]<br>(2019–2024)|[[Ilyas Osman Lugator]]<br>(2024–hadda)}} | occupation = [[Ganacsade]]<br>[[Madaxweyne]]<br>[[Siyaasi]] | prime_minister2 = [[Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed]] }} '''Siciid Cabdullaahi Maxamed Deni''' ({{Langx|so|Siciid Cabdullaahi Maxamed Deni}}, {{Langx|ar|سعيد عبدالله محمد دني}}; wuxuu dhashay 2 Luulyo 1967),<ref>{{Cite news |title=SICIID CABDULLAAHI DENI OO LOO DOORTAY MADAXWAYNAHA PUNTLAND, IYO TAARIIKH NOLOLEEDKIISII |newspaper=somalilandmirror.com |date=8 Janaayo 2019 |url=http://www.somalilandmirror.com/wararka/siciid-cabdullaahi-deni-oo-loo-doortsy-madaxwaynaha-puntland-iyo-taariikh-nololeedkeesii/ |accessdate=22 Agoosto 2021 |archive-date=2019-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121164953/https://www.somalilandmirror.com/wararka/siciid-cabdullaahi-deni-oo-loo-doortsy-madaxwaynaha-puntland-iyo-taariikh-nololeedkeesii/|url-status=dead}}</ref> oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Siciid Deni''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/Puntland-picks-new-regional-president/1066-4926066-4vug5nz/index.html|title = Somalia's Puntland picks Said Deni as regional president|date = 3 Luulyo 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://allafrica.com/stories/201901280434.html| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190128175404/https://allafrica.com/stories/201901280434.html| archive-date = 28 Janaayo 2019| title = Somalia: Anxiety As Top Political Rivals Set to Meet At Celebration Party of New Puntland President - allAfrica.com}}</ref> waa madaxweynaha hadda talada haya ee 6-aad ee [[Puntland]], oo ah maamul goboleed ka tirsan [[Soomaaliya]]. Waxaa [[Doorashadii madaxweynaha Puntland ee 2019|markii ugu horreysay la doortay]] 8 Janaayo 2019 wuxuuna xilka madaxweynenimo hayay 5 sano. Waxaa [[Doorashadii madaxweynaha Puntland ee 2024|dib loo doortay]] markiisii labaad 8 Janaayo 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Puntland President Abdullahi Deni re-elected |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/puntland-president-abdullahi-deni-re-elected-4485314?view=htmlamp |access-date=5 Febraayo 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Somalia's Puntland Region Elects New President |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/somalia-puntland-region-elects-new-president/4733694.html |access-date=5 Febraayo 2024}}</ref> Siciid wuxuu ku dhashay [[Muqdisho]], Soomaaliya. Qoyskiisu waxay ka soo jeedaan (Bah-Dhulbahante) [[Osman Mohamoud (clan)|Cismaan Maxamuud]] oo ka tirsan beesha wayn ee [[Majeerteen|Harti Majeerteen]]. Markii hore, wuxuu soo noqday wasiirka qorshaynta ee Soomaaliya, ka dib markii uu booskaas u magacaabay 17 Janaayo 2014 [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya|Ra'iisul Wasaare]], [[Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed]].<ref name="Spscwwtftpos">{{Cite news|title=SOMALIA PM Said "Cabinet will work tirelessly for the people of Somalia"|url=http://www.midnimo.com/2014/01/17/somalia-pm-said-cabinet-will-work-tirelessly-people-somalia/|accessdate=17 Janaayo 2014|newspaper=Midnimo|date=17 Janaayo 2014|archive-date=3 Febraayo 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203025315/http://www.midnimo.com/2014/01/17/somalia-pm-said-cabinet-will-work-tirelessly-people-somalia/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wuxuu kaloo ahaa musharrax madaxweyne doorashooyinkii [[Doorashadii madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ee 2017|2017]] iyo [[Doorashadii madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ee 2022|2022]] ee [[Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya|madaxweynenimada Soomaaliya]]. Tan iyo 2020, wuxuu matalaa urur siyaasadeedka [[Kaah Political Association|Kaah]]. == Wasiirka Qorshaynta == === Iskaashiga labada geesood ee Soomaaliya iyo Japan === Bishii Maarso 2014, Maxamed iyo wafdi ka socday dowladda Soomaaliya oo uu ku jiro Madaxweyne [[Hassan Sheikh Mohamud]], Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah [[Abdirahman Duale Beyle]] iyo Wasiirka Howlaha Guud iyo Dib-u-dhiska [[Nadifo Mohamed Osman]] ayaa booqasho afar maalmood ah ku tagay [[Tokyo]], halkaas oo ay kula kulmeen Safiir Tatsushi Terada iyo saraakiil kale oo sarsare oo ka tirsan dowladda Japan. Madaxweyne Mohamud iyo wafdigiisu waxay kaloo la tashiyo la yeesheen [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Japan|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] [[Shinzo Abe]] si ay ugala hadlaan xoojinta xiriirka labada dal, iyo sidoo kale tababarka awood-siinta ee xirfadlayaasha horumarinta xoolaha iyo beeraha Soomaaliya.<ref name="Ldtyuts">{{Cite news|title=Somalia: Pres Hassan Sheikh – "We Are Here in Japan to Strengthen Bilateral Relations|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201403121237.html|accessdate=12 Maarso 2014|date=12 Maarso 2014}}</ref> Booqashadu waxay ku soo gabagabowday ku dhawaaqid uu Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Japan Abe ku sheegay in maamulkiisu uu soo bandhigi doono xirmo maalgelin oo dhan $40 milyan oo loogu talagalay dib-u-habeynta ciidamada booliska Soomaaliya, adeegyada gargaarka, iyo fursadaha shaqo abuurka. Mohamud wuxuu ku ammaanay dowladda Japan xoojinta taageerada labada geesood, wuxuuna soo jeediyay in dadaallada horumarineed ay diiradda saari doonaan tababarka xirfadeed ee dhalinyarada iyo haweenka, tababarka badda iyo kalluumeysiga, horumarinta kaabayaasha kalluumeysiga iyo beeraha, iyo taageerada isgaarsiinta iyo teknoolojiyadda macluumaadka.<ref name="Jpffhats">{{Cite news|title=Japan Pledges $40m for Humanitarian Assistance to Somalia|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2014/03/13/japan-pledges-40m-humanitarian-assistance-somalia/|accessdate=14 Maarso 2014|newspaper=Horseed Media|date=13 Maarso 2014}}</ref> === Tirakoobka dadweynaha === Bishii Sebtembar 2014, [[Wasaaradda Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah (Soomaaliya)|Wasaaradda Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah]] waxay daabacday tirakoobka dadweynaha hordhaca ah ee Soomaaliya. Waa dadaalkii ugu horreeyay ee dowladeed ee noociisa ah muddo labaatan sano ka badan. UNFPA ayaa gacan ka siisay Wasaaradda mashruuca, kaas oo la qorsheeyay in la soo gabagabeeyo ka hor aftida la qorsheeyay iyo doorashooyinka deegaanka iyo qaranka ee 2016. Sida uu sheegay Wasiirka Qorshaynta Siciid Deni iyo Ra'iisul Wasaare ku xigeenka [[Ridwan Hirsi Mohamed]], tirakoobku wuxuu fududeyn doonaa hirgelinta Hiigsiga 2016 iyo mashaariicda horumarineed ee guud ee dalka. Wasaaradda Qorshaynta waxay kaloo tilmaantay in xogta tirakoobka hordhaca ah ay soo jeedinayso in ay jiraan ku dhawaad 12,360,000 oo qof oo ku nool qaranka, iyo inay qorsheyneyso inay sameyso tirakoobka Soomaalida dibad-joogga ah.<ref name="Sgtlpcaote">{{Cite news|title=SOMALIA: Gov't to launch population census ahead of 2016 elections|url=http://www.warqabad.com/somalia-govt-to-launch-population-census-ahead-of-2016-elections/|accessdate=21 Sebtembar 2014|agency=RBC Radio}}</ref> == Madaxweynaha Puntland == [[File:Ilhan Omar with Said Deni.jpg|thumb|[[Ilhan Omar]] oo la jirta Siciid Deni, Diseembar 2022]] === Doorashadii madaxweynaha Puntland === {{Main|Doorashadii madaxweynaha Puntland ee 2019}} [[Golaha Wakiillada ee Puntland|Baarlamaanka Puntland]] ayaa doortay madaxweyne cusub 8 Janaayo 2019 doorasho madaxweyne oo aad loo loolamay.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last=Olad Hassan |first=Mohamed |date=8 Janaayo 2019 |title=Somalia's Puntland Region Elects New President |work=[[VOA]] |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/somalia-puntland-region-elects-new-president/4733694.html |access-date=20 Agoosto 2022}}</ref> Wasiirkii hore ee Federaalka ee [[Wasaaradda Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah (Soomaaliya)|Wasaaradda Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah]] Siciid Cabdullaahi Deni iyo [[Ahmed Elmi Osman|Axmed Cilmi Karaash]] ayaa loo doortay [[Madaxweynaha Puntland|Madaxweyne]] iyo [[Madaxweyne Ku xigeenka Puntland|Madaxweyne Ku xigeen]], siday u kala horreeyaan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-01-09 |title=Somalia: UN congratulates Puntland region's newly-elected President |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/01/1030082 |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=UN News |language=en}}</ref> Deni wuxuu ku guuleystay 35 ka mid ah 66 cod oo ay dhiibteen xildhibaannadu wareeggii saddexaad, iyo kii ugu dambeeyay, isagoo ka adkaaday 20 musharrax oo kale. Ninka ugu dhaw ee uu la tartamayay, General [[Asad Osman Abdullahi]], oo ahaa madaxii hore ee sirdoonka Puntland, wuxuu helay 31 cod. Madaxweynaha cusub, oo 52 jir ah, ayaa si weyn looga yaqaan doorkiisa xagga waxbarashada ee [[Puntland]] halkaas oo uu ka caawiyay aasaasida dugsiyo iyo jaamacado. Sannadkii 2017 wuxuu u tartamay madaxweynaha Soomaaliya balse kuma guuleysan. Deni wuxuu ku ololleeyay horumarinta kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo la dagaallanka musuqmaasuqa ee gobolka Soomaaliyeed ee xasiloon. "Bog cusub ayaa u furmay gobolkan, bog midnimo iyo xiriir walaaltinimo oo ka dhexeeya Soomaalida," ayuu yiri madaxweynaha cusub. Madaxweynihii xilka ka degayay ee Puntland, [[Abdiweli Gaas|Cabdiweli Maxamed Cali]], ayaa ku guuldareystay wareeggii koowaad ee doorashada isagoo helay siddeed cod oo kaliya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2019-01-08 |title=Waa kuma madaxweynaha cusub ee Puntland? |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/46794927 |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=BBC News Somali |language=so}}</ref> === Doorashadii labaad ee madaxweynaha === {{Main|Doorashadii madaxweynaha Puntland ee 2024}} 8 Janaayo 2024, Deni ayaa dib loogu doortay madaxweynaha Puntland. Waxaa u codeeyay 45 ka mid ah 66-ka xubnood ee [[Baarlamaanka 6-aad ee Puntland|baarlamaanka 6-aad ee Puntland]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons-inline}} {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef | before = [[Abdiweli Gaas]] }} {{s-ttl | title = [[Madaxweynaha Puntland]]|years=2019–hadda }} {{s-inc}} {{s-end}} {{PuntlandPres}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Deni, Siciid Cabdullaahi}} n36790iuotf2387rppqdb1brxrjr6ra 300979 300977 2026-07-07T13:36:25Z Isma4l 41797 300979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Siciid Cabdullaahi Deni | native_name = {{Plainlist| * {{Nobold|Siciid Cabdullaahi Deni}} * {{Script|Arabic|سعيد عبدالله دني}} }} | honorific_suffix = | image = Said Abdullahi Deni (22-05-2021) (cropped).jpg | caption = Deni sannadkii 2021 | office1 = Madaxweynaha 7-aad ee [[Puntland]] | predecessor1 = [[Abdiweli Gaas]] | successor1 = | term_start1 = 8 Janaayo 2019 | term_end1 = | office2 = [[Wasaaradda Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah (Soomaaliya)|Wasiirka Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah]] | predecessor2 = [[Mohamud Hassan Suleiman]] | president2 = [[Hassan Sheikh Mohamud]] | successor2 = | term_start2 = 17 Janaayo 2014 | term_end2 = 22 Febraayo 2017 | birth_date = 2 Luulyo 1967 | birth_place = [[Muqdisho]], [[Soomaaliya]] | death_date = | death_place = | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda Ummadda Soomaaliyeed]] | website = | party = [[Ururka Siyaasadda ee Kaah|Kaah]] | nickname = ''Deni'' | vice_president1 = {{ubl|[[Ahmed Elmi Osman]]<br>(2019–2024)|[[Ilyas Osman Lugator]]<br>(2024–hadda)}} | occupation = [[Ganacsade]]<br>[[Madaxweyne]]<br>[[Siyaasi]] | prime_minister2 = [[Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed]] }} '''Siciid Cabdullaahi Maxamed Deni''' ({{Langx|so|Siciid Cabdullaahi Maxamed Deni}}, {{Langx|ar|سعيد عبدالله محمد دني}}; wuxuu dhashay 2 Luulyo 1967),<ref>{{Cite news |title=SICIID CABDULLAAHI DENI OO LOO DOORTAY MADAXWAYNAHA PUNTLAND, IYO TAARIIKH NOLOLEEDKIISII |newspaper=somalilandmirror.com |date=8 Janaayo 2019 |url=http://www.somalilandmirror.com/wararka/siciid-cabdullaahi-deni-oo-loo-doortsy-madaxwaynaha-puntland-iyo-taariikh-nololeedkeesii/ |accessdate=22 Agoosto 2021 |archive-date=2019-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121164953/https://www.somalilandmirror.com/wararka/siciid-cabdullaahi-deni-oo-loo-doortsy-madaxwaynaha-puntland-iyo-taariikh-nololeedkeesii/|url-status=dead}}</ref> oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Siciid Deni''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/Puntland-picks-new-regional-president/1066-4926066-4vug5nz/index.html|title = Somalia's Puntland picks Said Deni as regional president|date = 3 Luulyo 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://allafrica.com/stories/201901280434.html| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190128175404/https://allafrica.com/stories/201901280434.html| archive-date = 28 Janaayo 2019| title = Somalia: Anxiety As Top Political Rivals Set to Meet At Celebration Party of New Puntland President - allAfrica.com}}</ref> waa madaxweynaha hadda talada haya ee 6-aad ee [[Puntland]], oo ah maamul goboleed ka tirsan [[Soomaaliya]]. Waxaa [[Doorashadii madaxweynaha Puntland ee 2019|markii ugu horreysay la doortay]] 8 Janaayo 2019 wuxuuna xilka madaxweynenimo hayay 5 sano. Waxaa [[Doorashadii madaxweynaha Puntland ee 2024|dib loo doortay]] markiisii labaad 8 Janaayo 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Puntland President Abdullahi Deni re-elected |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/puntland-president-abdullahi-deni-re-elected-4485314?view=htmlamp |access-date=5 Febraayo 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Somalia's Puntland Region Elects New President |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/somalia-puntland-region-elects-new-president/4733694.html |access-date=5 Febraayo 2024}}</ref> Siciid wuxuu ku dhashay [[Muqdisho]], Soomaaliya. Qoyskiisu waxay ka soo jeedaan (Bah-Dhulbahante) [[Osman Mohamoud (clan)|Cismaan Maxamuud]] oo ka tirsan beesha wayn ee [[Majeerteen|Harti Majeerteen]]. Markii hore, wuxuu soo noqday wasiirka qorshaynta ee Soomaaliya, ka dib markii uu booskaas u magacaabay 17 Janaayo 2014 [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya|Ra'iisul Wasaare]], [[Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed]].<ref name="Spscwwtftpos">{{Cite news|title=SOMALIA PM Said "Cabinet will work tirelessly for the people of Somalia"|url=http://www.midnimo.com/2014/01/17/somalia-pm-said-cabinet-will-work-tirelessly-people-somalia/|accessdate=17 Janaayo 2014|newspaper=Midnimo|date=17 Janaayo 2014|archive-date=3 Febraayo 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203025315/http://www.midnimo.com/2014/01/17/somalia-pm-said-cabinet-will-work-tirelessly-people-somalia/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wuxuu kaloo ahaa musharrax madaxweyne doorashooyinkii [[Doorashadii madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ee 2017|2017]] iyo [[Doorashadii madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ee 2022|2022]] ee [[Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya|madaxweynenimada Soomaaliya]]. Tan iyo 2020, wuxuu matalaa urur siyaasadeedka [[Kaah Political Association|Kaah]]. == Wasiirka Qorshaynta == === Iskaashiga labada geesood ee Soomaaliya iyo Japan === Bishii Maarso 2014, Maxamed iyo wafdi ka socday dowladda Soomaaliya oo uu ku jiro Madaxweyne [[Hassan Sheikh Mohamud]], Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah [[Abdirahman Duale Beyle]] iyo Wasiirka Howlaha Guud iyo Dib-u-dhiska [[Nadifo Mohamed Osman]] ayaa booqasho afar maalmood ah ku tagay [[Tokyo]], halkaas oo ay kula kulmeen Safiir Tatsushi Terada iyo saraakiil kale oo sarsare oo ka tirsan dowladda Japan. Madaxweyne Mohamud iyo wafdigiisu waxay kaloo la tashiyo la yeesheen [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Japan|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] [[Shinzo Abe]] si ay ugala hadlaan xoojinta xiriirka labada dal, iyo sidoo kale tababarka awood-siinta ee xirfadlayaasha horumarinta xoolaha iyo beeraha Soomaaliya.<ref name="Ldtyuts">{{Cite news|title=Somalia: Pres Hassan Sheikh – "We Are Here in Japan to Strengthen Bilateral Relations|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201403121237.html|accessdate=12 Maarso 2014|date=12 Maarso 2014}}</ref> Booqashadu waxay ku soo gabagabowday ku dhawaaqid uu Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Japan Abe ku sheegay in maamulkiisu uu soo bandhigi doono xirmo maalgelin oo dhan $40 milyan oo loogu talagalay dib-u-habeynta ciidamada booliska Soomaaliya, adeegyada gargaarka, iyo fursadaha shaqo abuurka. Mohamud wuxuu ku ammaanay dowladda Japan xoojinta taageerada labada geesood, wuxuuna soo jeediyay in dadaallada horumarineed ay diiradda saari doonaan tababarka xirfadeed ee dhalinyarada iyo haweenka, tababarka badda iyo kalluumeysiga, horumarinta kaabayaasha kalluumeysiga iyo beeraha, iyo taageerada isgaarsiinta iyo teknoolojiyadda macluumaadka.<ref name="Jpffhats">{{Cite news|title=Japan Pledges $40m for Humanitarian Assistance to Somalia|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2014/03/13/japan-pledges-40m-humanitarian-assistance-somalia/|accessdate=14 Maarso 2014|newspaper=Horseed Media|date=13 Maarso 2014}}</ref> === Tirakoobka dadweynaha === Bishii Sebtembar 2014, [[Wasaaradda Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah (Soomaaliya)|Wasaaradda Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah]] waxay daabacday tirakoobka dadweynaha hordhaca ah ee Soomaaliya. Waa dadaalkii ugu horreeyay ee dowladeed ee noociisa ah muddo labaatan sano ka badan. UNFPA ayaa gacan ka siisay Wasaaradda mashruuca, kaas oo la qorsheeyay in la soo gabagabeeyo ka hor aftida la qorsheeyay iyo doorashooyinka deegaanka iyo qaranka ee 2016. Sida uu sheegay Wasiirka Qorshaynta Siciid Deni iyo Ra'iisul Wasaare ku xigeenka [[Ridwan Hirsi Mohamed]], tirakoobku wuxuu fududeyn doonaa hirgelinta Hiigsiga 2016 iyo mashaariicda horumarineed ee guud ee dalka. Wasaaradda Qorshaynta waxay kaloo tilmaantay in xogta tirakoobka hordhaca ah ay soo jeedinayso in ay jiraan ku dhawaad 12,360,000 oo qof oo ku nool qaranka, iyo inay qorsheyneyso inay sameyso tirakoobka Soomaalida dibad-joogga ah.<ref name="Sgtlpcaote">{{Cite news|title=SOMALIA: Gov't to launch population census ahead of 2016 elections|url=http://www.warqabad.com/somalia-govt-to-launch-population-census-ahead-of-2016-elections/|accessdate=21 Sebtembar 2014|agency=RBC Radio}}</ref> == Madaxweynaha Puntland == [[File:Ilhan Omar with Said Deni.jpg|thumb|[[Ilhan Omar]] oo la jirta Siciid Deni, Diseembar 2022]] === Doorashadii madaxweynaha Puntland === {{Main|Doorashadii madaxweynaha Puntland ee 2019}} [[Golaha Wakiillada ee Puntland|Baarlamaanka Puntland]] ayaa doortay madaxweyne cusub 8 Janaayo 2019 doorasho madaxweyne oo aad loo loolamay.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last=Olad Hassan |first=Mohamed |date=8 Janaayo 2019 |title=Somalia's Puntland Region Elects New President |work=[[VOA]] |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/somalia-puntland-region-elects-new-president/4733694.html |access-date=20 Agoosto 2022}}</ref> Wasiirkii hore ee Federaalka ee [[Wasaaradda Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah (Soomaaliya)|Wasaaradda Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah]] Siciid Cabdullaahi Deni iyo [[Ahmed Elmi Osman|Axmed Cilmi Karaash]] ayaa loo doortay [[Madaxweynaha Puntland|Madaxweyne]] iyo [[Madaxweyne Ku xigeenka Puntland|Madaxweyne Ku xigeen]], siday u kala horreeyaan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-01-09 |title=Somalia: UN congratulates Puntland region's newly-elected President |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/01/1030082 |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=UN News |language=en}}</ref> Deni wuxuu ku guuleystay 35 ka mid ah 66 cod oo ay dhiibteen xildhibaannadu wareeggii saddexaad, iyo kii ugu dambeeyay, isagoo ka adkaaday 20 musharrax oo kale. Ninka ugu dhaw ee uu la tartamayay, General [[Asad Osman Abdullahi]], oo ahaa madaxii hore ee sirdoonka Puntland, wuxuu helay 31 cod. Madaxweynaha cusub, oo 52 jir ah, ayaa si weyn looga yaqaan doorkiisa xagga waxbarashada ee [[Puntland]] halkaas oo uu ka caawiyay aasaasida dugsiyo iyo jaamacado. Sannadkii 2017 wuxuu u tartamay madaxweynaha Soomaaliya balse kuma guuleysan. Deni wuxuu ku ololleeyay horumarinta kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo la dagaallanka musuqmaasuqa ee gobolka Soomaaliyeed ee xasiloon. "Bog cusub ayaa u furmay gobolkan, bog midnimo iyo xiriir walaaltinimo oo ka dhexeeya Soomaalida," ayuu yiri madaxweynaha cusub. Madaxweynihii xilka ka degayay ee Puntland, [[Abdiweli Gaas|Cabdiweli Maxamed Cali]], ayaa ku guuldareystay wareeggii koowaad ee doorashada isagoo helay siddeed cod oo kaliya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2019-01-08 |title=Waa kuma madaxweynaha cusub ee Puntland? |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/46794927 |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=BBC News Somali |language=so}}</ref> === Doorashadii labaad ee madaxweynaha === {{Main|Doorashadii madaxweynaha Puntland ee 2024}} 8 Janaayo 2024, Deni ayaa dib loogu doortay madaxweynaha Puntland. Waxaa u codeeyay 45 ka mid ah 66-ka xubnood ee [[Baarlamaanka 6-aad ee Puntland|baarlamaanka 6-aad ee Puntland]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons-inline}} {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef | before = [[Abdiweli Gaas]] }} {{s-ttl | title = [[Madaxweynaha Puntland]]|years=2019–hadda }} {{s-inc}} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Deni, Siciid Cabdullaahi}} bbm4g4nziozba1ud5ndw8p3j9oils4t 300980 300979 2026-07-07T13:37:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Siciid Cabdullaahi Deni | native_name = {{Plainlist| * {{Nobold|Siciid Cabdullaahi Deni}} * {{Script|Arabic|سعيد عبدالله دني}} }} | honorific_suffix = | image = Said Abdullahi Deni (22-05-2021) (cropped).jpg | caption = Deni sannadkii 2021 | office1 = Madaxweynaha 7-aad ee [[Puntland]] | predecessor1 = [[Abdiweli Gaas]] | successor1 = | term_start1 = 8 Janaayo 2019 | term_end1 = | office2 = [[Wasaaradda Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah (Soomaaliya)|Wasiirka Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah]] | predecessor2 = [[Mohamud Hassan Suleiman]] | president2 = [[Hassan Sheikh Mohamud]] | successor2 = | term_start2 = 17 Janaayo 2014 | term_end2 = 22 Febraayo 2017 | birth_date = 2 Luulyo 1967 | birth_place = [[Muqdisho]], [[Soomaaliya]] | death_date = | death_place = | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda Ummadda Soomaaliyeed]] | website = | party = [[Ururka Siyaasadda ee Kaah|Kaah]] | nickname = ''Deni'' | vice_president1 = {{ubl|[[Ahmed Elmi Osman]]<br>(2019–2024)|[[Ilyas Osman Lugator]]<br>(2024–hadda)}} | occupation = [[Ganacsade]]<br>[[Madaxweyne]]<br>[[Siyaasi]] | prime_minister2 = [[Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed]] }} '''Siciid Cabdullaahi Maxamed Deni''' ({{Langx|so|Siciid Cabdullaahi Maxamed Deni}}, {{Langx|ar|سعيد عبدالله محمد دني}}; wuxuu dhashay 2 Luulyo 1967),<ref>{{Cite news |title=SICIID CABDULLAAHI DENI OO LOO DOORTAY MADAXWAYNAHA PUNTLAND, IYO TAARIIKH NOLOLEEDKIISII |newspaper=somalilandmirror.com |date=8 Janaayo 2019 |url=http://www.somalilandmirror.com/wararka/siciid-cabdullaahi-deni-oo-loo-doortsy-madaxwaynaha-puntland-iyo-taariikh-nololeedkeesii/ |accessdate=22 Agoosto 2021 |archive-date=2019-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121164953/https://www.somalilandmirror.com/wararka/siciid-cabdullaahi-deni-oo-loo-doortsy-madaxwaynaha-puntland-iyo-taariikh-nololeedkeesii/|url-status=dead}}</ref> oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Siciid Deni''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/Puntland-picks-new-regional-president/1066-4926066-4vug5nz/index.html|title = Somalia's Puntland picks Said Deni as regional president|date = 3 Luulyo 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url = https://allafrica.com/stories/201901280434.html| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190128175404/https://allafrica.com/stories/201901280434.html| archive-date = 28 Janaayo 2019| title = Somalia: Anxiety As Top Political Rivals Set to Meet At Celebration Party of New Puntland President - allAfrica.com}}</ref> waa madaxweynaha hadda talada haya ee 6-aad ee [[Puntland]], oo ah maamul goboleed ka tirsan [[Soomaaliya]]. Waxaa [[Doorashadii madaxweynaha Puntland ee 2019|markii ugu horreysay la doortay]] 8 Janaayo 2019 wuxuuna xilka madaxweynenimo hayay 5 sano. Waxaa [[Doorashadii madaxweynaha Puntland ee 2024|dib loo doortay]] markiisii labaad 8 Janaayo 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Puntland President Abdullahi Deni re-elected |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/puntland-president-abdullahi-deni-re-elected-4485314?view=htmlamp |access-date=5 Febraayo 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Somalia's Puntland Region Elects New President |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/somalia-puntland-region-elects-new-president/4733694.html |access-date=5 Febraayo 2024}}</ref> Siciid wuxuu ku dhashay [[Muqdisho]], Soomaaliya. Qoyskiisu waxay ka soo jeedaan (Bah-Dhulbahante) [[Osman Mohamoud (clan)|Cismaan Maxamuud]] oo ka tirsan beesha [[Majeerteen|Harti Majeerteen]]. Markii hore, wuxuu soo noqday wasiirka qorshaynta ee Soomaaliya, ka dib markii uu booskaas u magacaabay 17 Janaayo 2014 [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya|Ra'iisul Wasaare]], [[Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed]].<ref name="Spscwwtftpos">{{Cite news|title=SOMALIA PM Said "Cabinet will work tirelessly for the people of Somalia"|url=http://www.midnimo.com/2014/01/17/somalia-pm-said-cabinet-will-work-tirelessly-people-somalia/|accessdate=17 Janaayo 2014|newspaper=Midnimo|date=17 Janaayo 2014|archive-date=3 Febraayo 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203025315/http://www.midnimo.com/2014/01/17/somalia-pm-said-cabinet-will-work-tirelessly-people-somalia/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wuxuu kaloo ahaa musharrax madaxweyne doorashooyinkii [[Doorashadii madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ee 2017|2017]] iyo [[Doorashadii madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ee 2022|2022]] ee [[Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya|madaxweynenimada Soomaaliya]]. Tan iyo 2020, wuxuu matalaa urur siyaasadeedka [[Kaah Political Association|Kaah]]. == Wasiirka Qorshaynta == === Iskaashiga labada geesood ee Soomaaliya iyo Japan === Bishii Maarso 2014, Maxamed iyo wafdi ka socday dowladda Soomaaliya oo uu ku jiro Madaxweyne [[Hassan Sheikh Mohamud]], Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah [[Abdirahman Duale Beyle]] iyo Wasiirka Howlaha Guud iyo Dib-u-dhiska [[Nadifo Mohamed Osman]] ayaa booqasho afar maalmood ah ku tagay [[Tokyo]], halkaas oo ay kula kulmeen Safiir Tatsushi Terada iyo saraakiil kale oo sarsare oo ka tirsan dowladda Japan. Madaxweyne Mohamud iyo wafdigiisu waxay kaloo la tashiyo la yeesheen [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Japan|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] [[Shinzo Abe]] si ay ugala hadlaan xoojinta xiriirka labada dal, iyo sidoo kale tababarka awood-siinta ee xirfadlayaasha horumarinta xoolaha iyo beeraha Soomaaliya.<ref name="Ldtyuts">{{Cite news|title=Somalia: Pres Hassan Sheikh – "We Are Here in Japan to Strengthen Bilateral Relations|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201403121237.html|accessdate=12 Maarso 2014|date=12 Maarso 2014}}</ref> Booqashadu waxay ku soo gabagabowday ku dhawaaqid uu Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Japan Abe ku sheegay in maamulkiisu uu soo bandhigi doono xirmo maalgelin oo dhan $40 milyan oo loogu talagalay dib-u-habeynta ciidamada booliska Soomaaliya, adeegyada gargaarka, iyo fursadaha shaqo abuurka. Mohamud wuxuu ku ammaanay dowladda Japan xoojinta taageerada labada geesood, wuxuuna soo jeediyay in dadaallada horumarineed ay diiradda saari doonaan tababarka xirfadeed ee dhalinyarada iyo haweenka, tababarka badda iyo kalluumeysiga, horumarinta kaabayaasha kalluumeysiga iyo beeraha, iyo taageerada isgaarsiinta iyo teknoolojiyadda macluumaadka.<ref name="Jpffhats">{{Cite news|title=Japan Pledges $40m for Humanitarian Assistance to Somalia|url=http://horseedmedia.net/2014/03/13/japan-pledges-40m-humanitarian-assistance-somalia/|accessdate=14 Maarso 2014|newspaper=Horseed Media|date=13 Maarso 2014}}</ref> === Tirakoobka dadweynaha === Bishii Sebtembar 2014, [[Wasaaradda Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah (Soomaaliya)|Wasaaradda Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah]] waxay daabacday tirakoobka dadweynaha hordhaca ah ee Soomaaliya. Waa dadaalkii ugu horreeyay ee dowladeed ee noociisa ah muddo labaatan sano ka badan. UNFPA ayaa gacan ka siisay Wasaaradda mashruuca, kaas oo la qorsheeyay in la soo gabagabeeyo ka hor aftida la qorsheeyay iyo doorashooyinka deegaanka iyo qaranka ee 2016. Sida uu sheegay Wasiirka Qorshaynta Siciid Deni iyo Ra'iisul Wasaare ku xigeenka [[Ridwan Hirsi Mohamed]], tirakoobku wuxuu fududeyn doonaa hirgelinta Hiigsiga 2016 iyo mashaariicda horumarineed ee guud ee dalka. Wasaaradda Qorshaynta waxay kaloo tilmaantay in xogta tirakoobka hordhaca ah ay soo jeedinayso in ay jiraan ku dhawaad 12,360,000 oo qof oo ku nool qaranka, iyo inay qorsheyneyso inay sameyso tirakoobka Soomaalida dibad-joogga ah.<ref name="Sgtlpcaote">{{Cite news|title=SOMALIA: Gov't to launch population census ahead of 2016 elections|url=http://www.warqabad.com/somalia-govt-to-launch-population-census-ahead-of-2016-elections/|accessdate=21 Sebtembar 2014|agency=RBC Radio}}</ref> == Madaxweynaha Puntland == [[File:Ilhan Omar with Said Deni.jpg|thumb|[[Ilhan Omar]] oo la jirta Siciid Deni, Diseembar 2022]] === Doorashadii madaxweynaha Puntland === {{Main|Doorashadii madaxweynaha Puntland ee 2019}} [[Golaha Wakiillada ee Puntland|Baarlamaanka Puntland]] ayaa doortay madaxweyne cusub 8 Janaayo 2019 doorasho madaxweyne oo aad loo loolamay.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last=Olad Hassan |first=Mohamed |date=8 Janaayo 2019 |title=Somalia's Puntland Region Elects New President |work=[[VOA]] |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/somalia-puntland-region-elects-new-president/4733694.html |access-date=20 Agoosto 2022}}</ref> Wasiirkii hore ee Federaalka ee [[Wasaaradda Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah (Soomaaliya)|Wasaaradda Qorshaynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah]] Siciid Cabdullaahi Deni iyo [[Ahmed Elmi Osman|Axmed Cilmi Karaash]] ayaa loo doortay [[Madaxweynaha Puntland|Madaxweyne]] iyo [[Madaxweyne Ku xigeenka Puntland|Madaxweyne Ku xigeen]], siday u kala horreeyaan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-01-09 |title=Somalia: UN congratulates Puntland region's newly-elected President |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/01/1030082 |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=UN News |language=en}}</ref> Deni wuxuu ku guuleystay 35 ka mid ah 66 cod oo ay dhiibteen xildhibaannadu wareeggii saddexaad, iyo kii ugu dambeeyay, isagoo ka adkaaday 20 musharrax oo kale. Ninka ugu dhaw ee uu la tartamayay, General [[Asad Osman Abdullahi]], oo ahaa madaxii hore ee sirdoonka Puntland, wuxuu helay 31 cod. Madaxweynaha cusub, oo 52 jir ah, ayaa si weyn looga yaqaan doorkiisa xagga waxbarashada ee [[Puntland]] halkaas oo uu ka caawiyay aasaasida dugsiyo iyo jaamacado. Sannadkii 2017 wuxuu u tartamay madaxweynaha Soomaaliya balse kuma guuleysan. Deni wuxuu ku ololleeyay horumarinta kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo la dagaallanka musuqmaasuqa ee gobolka Soomaaliyeed ee xasiloon. "Bog cusub ayaa u furmay gobolkan, bog midnimo iyo xiriir walaaltinimo oo ka dhexeeya Soomaalida," ayuu yiri madaxweynaha cusub. Madaxweynihii xilka ka degayay ee Puntland, [[Abdiweli Gaas|Cabdiweli Maxamed Cali]], ayaa ku guuldareystay wareeggii koowaad ee doorashada isagoo helay siddeed cod oo kaliya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2019-01-08 |title=Waa kuma madaxweynaha cusub ee Puntland? |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/46794927 |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=BBC News Somali |language=so}}</ref> === Doorashadii labaad ee madaxweynaha === {{Main|Doorashadii madaxweynaha Puntland ee 2024}} 8 Janaayo 2024, Deni ayaa dib loogu doortay madaxweynaha Puntland. Waxaa u codeeyay 45 ka mid ah 66-ka xubnood ee [[Baarlamaanka 6-aad ee Puntland|baarlamaanka 6-aad ee Puntland]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons-inline}} {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef | before = [[Abdiweli Gaas]] }} {{s-ttl | title = [[Madaxweynaha Puntland]]|years=2019–hadda }} {{s-inc}} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Deni, Siciid Cabdullaahi}} 4zrz0c53zgbf2z4w5nbcm0nai74r4vn Diego Maradona 0 39453 301061 255148 2026-07-07T23:55:27Z Videoiib7 46243 301061 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Maradona-Mundial_86_con_la_copa.JPG|thumb]] '''Diego Maradona''' Diego Armando Maradona Dhalashadiisu waxay ahayd 30kii [[Oktoobar]] [[1960]],Wuxuu ku geeriyooday 25-kii Noofembar, [[2020]] Waa cayaataro xulka kubada cagta [[Arjantiina|argentine]] Waxa uu ku guuleystay ""Twentieth Century Professionals Award" oo ka socota [[FIFA]] <ref>[https://bdfa.com.ar/jugadores-1191.html][https://www.rtl.be/actu/maradona-la-legende-du-football-est-decedee/2020-11-25/article/352925]</ref> {{commons|Category: Diego Maradona'}} 7uxhi42jms6821st0k3rat66hadq92n Abokor muuse 0 39797 301066 300925 2026-07-08T07:02:29Z ~2026-34537-45 46057 /* Clan tree */ 301066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Masar}}|group=Abokor <br> |flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_United Kingdom.svg|60px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region3={{flagcountry| United States}}|region4 ={{flagcountry|Turkey}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]]|rels=[[Islam]]|related-c= Other ,clans <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} '''Abokor''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]: Abokor'','' [[Carabi]]: أبوبكر ; ''',''' Magaca oo buuxa: Abokor Musa Da'ud Sheekh Ishaaq) waa Qabiil wayn oo ka mid ah beelweynta Eidagalle ee Isaaq. Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]]. == Overview == The Abokor is a major Somali clan that is part of the Eidagalle clan of the Isaaq clan family, traditionally also called ''Saleebaan''. Members of the Abokor Musa subclan are descendants of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed. The Abokor musa<ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615-1-5.</ref> is one of the large somali clans and among the most prominent sub-clans of the Eidagale. They inhabit the Hargiesa and Salahley regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community<ref name=":3">Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17). Voice and Power. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135751753</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":4">Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. 9780226467917.</ref>.The Abokor Musa traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, merchants, and skilled poets.<ref>Andrzejewski, B.W. and I.M. Lewis, 1964, Somali Poetry: An Introduction, Oxford University Press.</ref> ==Tariikhda == ===Nasabka === Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu ka mid ahaa culimadii ka soo haajiray Carabta kuna soo tallaabay badda si ay Islaamka ugu faafiyaan Geeska Afrika qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday labo dumar ah oo deegaanka ah gudaha Somaliland, wuxuuna ka dhalay siddeed wiil. Mid ka mid ah, Daoud, wuxuu noqday aabihii beesha Ciidagale.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> ===Xiliyadii Dhexe=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxaa si gaar ah loogu xusuustaa kaalintii ay ka qaateen halgankii uu hoggaaminayay Axmed Gurey (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ([[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]]) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Sida lagu sheegay buugga taariikhiga ah ee ''Futuh al-Habash'', beelaha Habar Magaadle, oo ay ku jirto laantan, waxay bixiyeen ciidamo iyo hoggaamiyeyaal muhiim ah.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref><blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo , taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha, gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad, oo ah Sultanate . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada [[Herer|Herar]].<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 9782845864924</nowiki>.</ref> Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen magalda tariikhiga ah ee [[Saylac|zelia]].</blockquote> [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]]]] Qarnigii 19aad, laanta Abokor Muuse waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday Hargeysa–Berbera–Harar. Ganacsatadoodu waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu firfircoon ee karavaannada ka keeni jiray gudaha Soomaalida xoolaha, muxurka, malmalka iyo subagga, kuna dhoofin jiray Berbera iyo suuqyada Carabta. Waxaa si gaar ah loo xusuustaa xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen Amiir Axmed III bin Abu Bakr, oo ahaa amiirkii Harar intii u dhaxaysay 1856–1875. Amiirka ayaa si weyn u qadarin jiray ganacsatada Abokor Muuse.<ref>Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 116–118.</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen ilaalinta dhaqanka, xeerka iyo dhexdhexaadinta. Goobta barakeysan ee [[Aw Barkhadle]], oo ku taalla inta u dhexeysa [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Berbera]], waxay ahayd xarun dhaar iyo heshiis lagu xallin jiray khilaafaadka. Odayaasha Abokor Muuse ayaa si gaar ah loogu qadarin jiray hoggaaminta dhaarta iyo heshiisiinta,oo ah Ugaaysada dhaqanka<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref> </blockquote> Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku ahaayeen hal-abuurka gabayga iyo xigmadda afka ah. Gabayga ayaa u ahaa hub lagula dagaallamo, laguna xafido taariikhda. Sida uu qoray Laurence Margaret, beesha Ciidagale (oo ay ka mid yihiin Abokor Muse) waxaa lagu yaqaanay in tiro badan oo rag ah ay gabyaa yihiin, taasoo ka dhigtay beel kaalin weyn ku leh suugaanta Soomaalida.<ref>Laurance, Margaret. ''A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose''. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref>Sido kale Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen qoys caan ku ahaa fardaha fuulka iyo dagaalka, waxaana si weyn looga yaqaanay kartida dagaal iyo xirfadda ay ku lahaayeen maareynta fardaha dagaalka. [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Map showing trade routes leading to Berbera.]] Qarnigii 19aad, Abokor Muuse waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii karavaannada ee u dhexeeyay [[Berbera]] iyo gudaha dalka. Waxay qayb ka ahaayeen aasaaska magaalada [[Hargeysa]], taasoo markii hore ahayd xarun karavaan oo ay dhiseen ganacsatada Ciidagale.<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). ''Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia''. p. 96.</ref> <blockquote>Taariikhda Abokor Muuse waa mid ku dhisan geesinimada dagaal, hal-abuurka suugaaneed, hoggaaminta dhaqameed iyo firfircoonida ganacsiga. Waxay qayb muhiim ah ka noqdeen halgankii diimeed ee Muslimiinta, nabadaynta bulshada Isaaq, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka gobolka—astaamo qeexaya kaalintooda qoto dheer ee taariikhda Soomaaliyeed.</blockquote> Sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin tariikh soo jireen ah oo ku salaysan dhaqashada xoolaha, sida Geela, Adhiga iyo lo'da, iyadoo geelu uu yahay xoolahooda ugu muhiimsan ee noloshooda ku tiirsan yihiin isla markaana ay Aad u dhaqdaan. Dhaqashada xoolaha waxay ka tarjumaysa hodantinimada, hiddaha, iyo xirfadda ay bulshadu ku dhisantahay oo soo jireen ah. ===Baranches and Subclans=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waa beel ballaaran oo caan ku ah geesinimada iyo hiddaha soo jireenka ah, waxayna leedahay faracyo iyo laamo badan oo si dhaw isugu xidhan. Beeshan qiimaha leh waxay u kala baxdaa laamo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin: ''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil|Mohammed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Ahmed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Aden Abokor]]'', ''[[Muuse Dhimbil]]'' Faracyada ''[[Mohamoud Muuse]]'' iyo ''Abdalleh Muuse''. Laamaha Beesha ''Abdalleh Muuse'' ayaa iyaguna caan ku ah reero balaadhan ah sida ''Reer Aadan'', Reer ''Ali Abdi'', ''Reer Nuur'', ''Reer Benin'', ''Rer Gallab'', ''Reer Eiye'', iyo ''Mohamed Cabdille'', (kuwaas oo kala baxa ''Rer Dhibleh'' ,''Reer Cali'' iyo ''Reer Gubadleh''.) ; [[Shaxda beesha|Shaxda Beesha]] ===Saltanate of Abokor Musa=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku tahay hoggaamin, halgan iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Intii taariikhdu xusuusato, beeshani waxay lahayd taliyaal dhaqameed oo ka kala socday laamaha iyo faracyada beesha, kuwaas oo door weyn ku lahaa xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada, iyo kordhinta midnimada beesha dhexdeeda. Suldaanada, boqorrada iyo ugaasyada ka soo jeeda Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen hogaamiyayaal caan ah, kuwaas oo isku darsaday garaad, geesinimo, iyo karti ciidan. Markay timaaddo dirir ama dagaal, waxay ahaayeen abaanduulayaal dagaal oo hoggaamiya ciidamo si abaabulan u dagaallama. Halka marka nabaddu timaaddo, ay noqdaan odayaal dhaqameed oo hagaya bulshada dhinaca garsoorka, dhaqanka, iyo isku duubnida. ==Distribution== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran u daganyihiin magaalada Hargeysa, gaar ahaan koofurta iyo galbeedka caasimadda. Xaafadaha ay si rasmi ah u deggan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah ''Calaamadaha'' , oo ay kala Qaybiso Wadada Halbawlaha ee ''Airport Road (Wadada Madaarka Egal)'', iyo xaafadaha Masalaha ( Siirooga galbeedkiisa), ''Jameecada'', iyo qaybo ka mid ah Xaafadda ''October''. Meelahan ayaa ka mid ah deegaannada taariikhiga ah ee ay beesha si xooggan ugu xidhan tahay. Marka laga sii gudbo gudaha magaalada, Abokor Muuse waxay degaan ''Qoolcaday'',''Toon'', magaalada ''Salahley'', iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ilaa ''Ina-Guxaa'', oo ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Ethiopia. Deegaannadan ayaa loo arkaa in ay yihiin laf-dhabarta beesha ee dhulka Somaliland, maadaama ay yihiin goobaha ay ku badan yihiin beelaha reer guuraaga ah iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beesha. Dhinaca kale, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran uga deggan yihiin Dalka Itoobiya , halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan waxaa ka mid ah ''Bisad'', ''Abokor'', ''Egal Addani'', iyo ''Iskoyska'', halka ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin deegaannada u dhow Dooxada ''Galool-Fadhiidh.'' Meelahan ayaa xiriir dhow la leh magaalada Awarre, taas oo ah xarun muhiim ah oo ka tirsan gobolka. Isku soo wada duuboo, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay degaan dhul aad u ballaaran oo ku kala yaalla labada dhinac ee xuduudda Somaliland iyo Itoobiya, iyagoo leh isku xirnaan dhaqan, deegaan, iyo taariikh wadaag ah oo soo jireen ah. ==Clan tree== A summarised clan family tree of the major subclans of Abokor Musa, is presented below: {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) ***'''Abokor''' (Saleiban) ****Salieban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Arralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Wa'eys Osman *************Mahamoud Wais *************Arralleh Wais *************Hussein wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arrale Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Ibrahim Abokor ***********Mohamed Ibrahim ************Jibril Mohamed ************Salah Mohamed *************Osman Salah **************Abokor Osman ***************Hassan Abokor ****************Muuse Hassan ****************Laqshe Hassan ****************Basiralle Hassan ****************Dhimbil Hassan *****************'''Mohammed Dhimbil''' ******************Mucawiye Mohamed (Rer Mucawie) ******************Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) ******************Gulled Mohamed (Rer Guled) ******************Musa Mohamed *******************Farah Muuse *******************Adawe Muuse *******************Aden Muuse *****************'''Muuse Dhimbil''' ******************Abdalle Muse *******************Muse Abdalle ********************Mahamoud Muuse *********************Shirdon Mohamoud *********************Hildiid Mohamoud **********************Ali Hildiid **********************Geedi Hildiid **********************Hersi Hildiid ********************Abdalleh Muuse *********************Jibirl Abdalle **********************Saeed Jibril ***********************Abdi Said ************************Salah Abdi ************************Roble Abdi **********************Hersi Jibril ***********************Ahmed Hersi ***********************Abdalle Hersi **********************Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil) ***********************Hersi Kalil ***********************Egal Kalil ***********************Wais Kalil ***********************Ali kalil ************************Said Ali ************************Koshin Ali ************************Arale Ali ************************Osman Ali ************************Guled Ali ************************Amare Ali ************************Boqorreh Ali **********************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ***********************Aden Mohamed ************************Benin Aden ************************Nour Aden ************************Ali Aden ************************Adan Aden **********************Abdi Jibril ***********************Ali Abdi ************************Yusuf Ali ************************Mumin Ali ************************Naleye Ali ************************Hussein Ali *************************Abdalle Hussien *************************Mohamed Hussien *************************Nour Hussein *************************Jama Hussien **************************Hassan Jama **************************Aden Jama **************************Guled Jama ***************************Mohamed Guled ***************************Hassan Guled ***********************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ************************Ismail Nour ************************Hersi Nour ************************Gabal Nour ************************Mohamed Nour ***********************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) ************************Naleye Benin ************************Ahmed Benin ************************Hersi Benin ************************Warfa Benin ************************Samter Benin ************************Abdi Benin ************************Fatah Benin ************************Aden Benin ************************Dirie Benin ************************Farah Benin ************************Dahir Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Guled Benin ************************Shirwa Benin ************************Abane Benin ************************Abdille Benin ************************Yusuf Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Roble Benin ************************Osman Benin ***********************Abdille Abdi ************************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) *************************Ismail Gallab *************************Asker Gallab ***********************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ************************Gulled Eiye ************************Sharmake Eiye ***********************Mohamed Abdille ************************Ahmed Mohamed *************************Samter Ahmed *************************Ziyad Ahmed *************************Mayle Ahmed *************************Elmi Ahmed *************************Warfa Ahmed *************************Geedi Ahmed *************************Amanle Ahmed *************************Food Ahmed *************************Roble Ahmed *************************Ainanshe Ahmed *************************Wais Ahmed *************************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **************************Ismail Dhible **************************Barre Dhible *************************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *************************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **************************Derie Gubadleh (Rer Dirie) **************************Boqorre Gubdleh (Rer Boqorreh) ******************'''Ahmed Dhimbil''' ********************Musa Ahmed ********************Osman Ahmed ********************Liban Ahmed *********************Abdi Liban **********************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) **********************Mohammed Abdi ***********************Sarar Mohamed ***********************Ahmed Mohamed **********'''Aden Abokor''' *************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) **************Mahamoud Awal **************Hussien Awal **************Farah Awal **************Abdi Awal *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle ***************Ahmed Abdalle ****************Halas Ahmed (Rer Halas) ****************Egal Ahmed (Rer Egal) ****************Geedi Ahmed (Rer Gheedi) {{tree list/end}} ==Notable figures== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali instrumentalist, vocalist, and poet. * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy during the Ogaden War. *Aden Mohamed Guhad (Aden Walli) – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Suldan Aden S.Farah.S.Omar –Respected traditional holder. *Ugahz Mohamed Abdille Ahmed, a clan elder (Ughaz) and respected traditional figure. * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Suldan Osman Baane –traditional leader * Abdikarem Hikmawi – Is Author, literally scholar and Activist * Mohamed Badel – was a poet, politician, and university lecturer. * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Nadir Yusuf – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Ethiopia * Abwan Harir Osman Guray – Well-known Somali peot * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politiciancurrent mayor of Hargeisa city * Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ugaas) and highly respected traditional leader. * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Hussein Habane - is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} 6y5bxmzfdd6623doi12z2tptk6cjbdz 301070 301066 2026-07-08T07:17:53Z ~2026-34537-45 46057 /* Clan tree */ 301070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Masar}}|group=Abokor <br> |flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_United Kingdom.svg|60px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region3={{flagcountry| United States}}|region4 ={{flagcountry|Turkey}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]]|rels=[[Islam]]|related-c= Other ,clans <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} '''Abokor''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]: Abokor'','' [[Carabi]]: أبوبكر ; ''',''' Magaca oo buuxa: Abokor Musa Da'ud Sheekh Ishaaq) waa Qabiil wayn oo ka mid ah beelweynta Eidagalle ee Isaaq. Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]]. == Overview == The Abokor is a major Somali clan that is part of the Eidagalle clan of the Isaaq clan family, traditionally also called ''Saleebaan''. Members of the Abokor Musa subclan are descendants of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed. The Abokor musa<ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615-1-5.</ref> is one of the large somali clans and among the most prominent sub-clans of the Eidagale. They inhabit the Hargiesa and Salahley regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community<ref name=":3">Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17). Voice and Power. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135751753</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":4">Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. 9780226467917.</ref>.The Abokor Musa traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, merchants, and skilled poets.<ref>Andrzejewski, B.W. and I.M. Lewis, 1964, Somali Poetry: An Introduction, Oxford University Press.</ref> ==Tariikhda == ===Nasabka === Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu ka mid ahaa culimadii ka soo haajiray Carabta kuna soo tallaabay badda si ay Islaamka ugu faafiyaan Geeska Afrika qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday labo dumar ah oo deegaanka ah gudaha Somaliland, wuxuuna ka dhalay siddeed wiil. Mid ka mid ah, Daoud, wuxuu noqday aabihii beesha Ciidagale.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> ===Xiliyadii Dhexe=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxaa si gaar ah loogu xusuustaa kaalintii ay ka qaateen halgankii uu hoggaaminayay Axmed Gurey (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ([[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]]) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Sida lagu sheegay buugga taariikhiga ah ee ''Futuh al-Habash'', beelaha Habar Magaadle, oo ay ku jirto laantan, waxay bixiyeen ciidamo iyo hoggaamiyeyaal muhiim ah.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref><blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo , taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha, gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad, oo ah Sultanate . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada [[Herer|Herar]].<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 9782845864924</nowiki>.</ref> Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen magalda tariikhiga ah ee [[Saylac|zelia]].</blockquote> [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]]]] Qarnigii 19aad, laanta Abokor Muuse waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday Hargeysa–Berbera–Harar. Ganacsatadoodu waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu firfircoon ee karavaannada ka keeni jiray gudaha Soomaalida xoolaha, muxurka, malmalka iyo subagga, kuna dhoofin jiray Berbera iyo suuqyada Carabta. Waxaa si gaar ah loo xusuustaa xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen Amiir Axmed III bin Abu Bakr, oo ahaa amiirkii Harar intii u dhaxaysay 1856–1875. Amiirka ayaa si weyn u qadarin jiray ganacsatada Abokor Muuse.<ref>Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 116–118.</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen ilaalinta dhaqanka, xeerka iyo dhexdhexaadinta. Goobta barakeysan ee [[Aw Barkhadle]], oo ku taalla inta u dhexeysa [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Berbera]], waxay ahayd xarun dhaar iyo heshiis lagu xallin jiray khilaafaadka. Odayaasha Abokor Muuse ayaa si gaar ah loogu qadarin jiray hoggaaminta dhaarta iyo heshiisiinta,oo ah Ugaaysada dhaqanka<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref> </blockquote> Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku ahaayeen hal-abuurka gabayga iyo xigmadda afka ah. Gabayga ayaa u ahaa hub lagula dagaallamo, laguna xafido taariikhda. Sida uu qoray Laurence Margaret, beesha Ciidagale (oo ay ka mid yihiin Abokor Muse) waxaa lagu yaqaanay in tiro badan oo rag ah ay gabyaa yihiin, taasoo ka dhigtay beel kaalin weyn ku leh suugaanta Soomaalida.<ref>Laurance, Margaret. ''A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose''. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref>Sido kale Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen qoys caan ku ahaa fardaha fuulka iyo dagaalka, waxaana si weyn looga yaqaanay kartida dagaal iyo xirfadda ay ku lahaayeen maareynta fardaha dagaalka. [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Map showing trade routes leading to Berbera.]] Qarnigii 19aad, Abokor Muuse waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii karavaannada ee u dhexeeyay [[Berbera]] iyo gudaha dalka. Waxay qayb ka ahaayeen aasaaska magaalada [[Hargeysa]], taasoo markii hore ahayd xarun karavaan oo ay dhiseen ganacsatada Ciidagale.<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). ''Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia''. p. 96.</ref> <blockquote>Taariikhda Abokor Muuse waa mid ku dhisan geesinimada dagaal, hal-abuurka suugaaneed, hoggaaminta dhaqameed iyo firfircoonida ganacsiga. Waxay qayb muhiim ah ka noqdeen halgankii diimeed ee Muslimiinta, nabadaynta bulshada Isaaq, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka gobolka—astaamo qeexaya kaalintooda qoto dheer ee taariikhda Soomaaliyeed.</blockquote> Sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin tariikh soo jireen ah oo ku salaysan dhaqashada xoolaha, sida Geela, Adhiga iyo lo'da, iyadoo geelu uu yahay xoolahooda ugu muhiimsan ee noloshooda ku tiirsan yihiin isla markaana ay Aad u dhaqdaan. Dhaqashada xoolaha waxay ka tarjumaysa hodantinimada, hiddaha, iyo xirfadda ay bulshadu ku dhisantahay oo soo jireen ah. ===Baranches and Subclans=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waa beel ballaaran oo caan ku ah geesinimada iyo hiddaha soo jireenka ah, waxayna leedahay faracyo iyo laamo badan oo si dhaw isugu xidhan. Beeshan qiimaha leh waxay u kala baxdaa laamo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin: ''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil|Mohammed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Ahmed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Aden Abokor]]'', ''[[Muuse Dhimbil]]'' Faracyada ''[[Mohamoud Muuse]]'' iyo ''Abdalleh Muuse''. Laamaha Beesha ''Abdalleh Muuse'' ayaa iyaguna caan ku ah reero balaadhan ah sida ''Reer Aadan'', Reer ''Ali Abdi'', ''Reer Nuur'', ''Reer Benin'', ''Rer Gallab'', ''Reer Eiye'', iyo ''Mohamed Cabdille'', (kuwaas oo kala baxa ''Rer Dhibleh'' ,''Reer Cali'' iyo ''Reer Gubadleh''.) ; [[Shaxda beesha|Shaxda Beesha]] ===Saltanate of Abokor Musa=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku tahay hoggaamin, halgan iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Intii taariikhdu xusuusato, beeshani waxay lahayd taliyaal dhaqameed oo ka kala socday laamaha iyo faracyada beesha, kuwaas oo door weyn ku lahaa xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada, iyo kordhinta midnimada beesha dhexdeeda. Suldaanada, boqorrada iyo ugaasyada ka soo jeeda Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen hogaamiyayaal caan ah, kuwaas oo isku darsaday garaad, geesinimo, iyo karti ciidan. Markay timaaddo dirir ama dagaal, waxay ahaayeen abaanduulayaal dagaal oo hoggaamiya ciidamo si abaabulan u dagaallama. Halka marka nabaddu timaaddo, ay noqdaan odayaal dhaqameed oo hagaya bulshada dhinaca garsoorka, dhaqanka, iyo isku duubnida. ==Distribution== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran u daganyihiin magaalada Hargeysa, gaar ahaan koofurta iyo galbeedka caasimadda. Xaafadaha ay si rasmi ah u deggan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah ''Calaamadaha'' , oo ay kala Qaybiso Wadada Halbawlaha ee ''Airport Road (Wadada Madaarka Egal)'', iyo xaafadaha Masalaha ( Siirooga galbeedkiisa), ''Jameecada'', iyo qaybo ka mid ah Xaafadda ''October''. Meelahan ayaa ka mid ah deegaannada taariikhiga ah ee ay beesha si xooggan ugu xidhan tahay. Marka laga sii gudbo gudaha magaalada, Abokor Muuse waxay degaan ''Qoolcaday'',''Toon'', magaalada ''Salahley'', iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ilaa ''Ina-Guxaa'', oo ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Ethiopia. Deegaannadan ayaa loo arkaa in ay yihiin laf-dhabarta beesha ee dhulka Somaliland, maadaama ay yihiin goobaha ay ku badan yihiin beelaha reer guuraaga ah iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beesha. Dhinaca kale, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran uga deggan yihiin Dalka Itoobiya , halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan waxaa ka mid ah ''Bisad'', ''Abokor'', ''Egal Addani'', iyo ''Iskoyska'', halka ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin deegaannada u dhow Dooxada ''Galool-Fadhiidh.'' Meelahan ayaa xiriir dhow la leh magaalada Awarre, taas oo ah xarun muhiim ah oo ka tirsan gobolka. Isku soo wada duuboo, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay degaan dhul aad u ballaaran oo ku kala yaalla labada dhinac ee xuduudda Somaliland iyo Itoobiya, iyagoo leh isku xirnaan dhaqan, deegaan, iyo taariikh wadaag ah oo soo jireen ah. ==Clan tree== A summarised clan family tree of the major subclans of Abokor Musa, is presented below: {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) ***'''Abokor''' (Saleiban) ****Salieban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Arralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Wa'eys Osman *************Mahamoud Wais *************Arralleh Wais *************Hussein wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arrale Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Ibrahim Abokor ***********Mohamed Ibrahim ************Jibril Mohamed ************Salah Mohamed *************Osman Salah **************Abokor Osman ***************Hassan Abokor ****************Muuse Hassan ****************Laqshe Hassan ****************Basiralle Hassan ****************Dhimbil Hassan *****************'''Mohammed Dhimbil''' ******************Mucawiye Mohamed (Rer Mucawie) ******************Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) ******************Gulled Mohamed (Rer Guled) ******************Musa Mohamed *******************Farah Muuse *******************Adawe Muuse *******************Aden Muuse *****************'''Muuse Dhimbil''' ******************Abdalle Muse *******************Muse Abdalle ********************Mahamoud Muuse *********************Shirdon Mohamoud *********************Hildiid Mohamoud **********************Ali Hildiid **********************Geedi Hildiid **********************Hersi Hildiid ********************Abdalleh Muuse *********************Jibirl Abdalle **********************Saeed Jibril ***********************Abdi Said ************************Salah Abdi ************************Roble Abdi **********************Hersi Jibril ***********************Ahmed Hersi ***********************Abdalle Hersi **********************Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil) ***********************Hersi Kalil ***********************Egal Kalil ***********************Wais Kalil ***********************Ali kalil ************************Said Ali ************************Koshin Ali ************************Arale Ali ************************Osman Ali ************************Guled Ali ************************Amare Ali ************************Boqorreh Ali **********************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ***********************Aden Mohamed ************************Benin Aden ************************Nour Aden ************************Ali Aden ************************Adan Aden **********************Abdi Jibril ***********************Ali Abdi ************************Yusuf Ali ************************Mumin Ali ************************Naleye Ali ************************Hussein Ali *************************Abdalle Hussien *************************Mohamed Hussien *************************Nour Hussein *************************Jama Hussien **************************Hassan Jama **************************Aden Jama **************************Guled Jama ***************************Mohamed Guled ***************************Hassan Guled ***********************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ************************Ismail Nour ************************Hersi Nour ************************Gabal Nour ************************Mohamed Nour ***********************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) ************************Naleye Benin ************************Ahmed Benin ************************Hersi Benin ************************Warfa Benin ************************Samter Benin ************************Abdi Benin ************************Fatah Benin ************************Aden Benin ************************Dirie Benin ************************Farah Benin ************************Dahir Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Guled Benin ************************Shirwa Benin ************************Abane Benin ************************Abdille Benin ************************Yusuf Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Roble Benin ************************Osman Benin ***********************Abdille Abdi ************************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) *************************Ismail Gallab *************************Asker Gallab ***********************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ************************Gulled Eiye ************************Sharmake Eiye ***********************Mohamed Abdille ************************Ahmed Mohamed *************************Samter Ahmed *************************Ziyad Ahmed *************************Mayle Ahmed *************************Elmi Ahmed *************************Warfa Ahmed *************************Geedi Ahmed *************************Amanle Ahmed *************************Food Ahmed *************************Roble Ahmed *************************Ainanshe Ahmed *************************Wais Ahmed *************************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **************************Ismail Dhible **************************Barre Dhible *************************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *************************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **************************Derie Gubadleh (Rer Dirie) **************************Boqorre Gubdleh (Rer Boqorreh) ******************'''Ahmed Dhimbil''' ********************Musa Ahmed ********************Osman Ahmed ********************Liban Ahmed *********************Abdi Liban **********************Osman Abdi **********************Ismail Abdi **********************Mohammed Abdi ***********************Sarar Mohamed ***********************Ahmed Mohamed **********'''Aden Abokor''' *************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) **************Mahamoud Awal **************Hussien Awal **************Farah Awal **************Abdi Awal *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle ***************Ahmed Abdalle ****************Halas Ahmed (Rer Halas) ****************Egal Ahmed (Rer Egal) ****************Geedi Ahmed (Rer Gheedi) {{tree list/end}} ==Notable figures== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali instrumentalist, vocalist, and poet. * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy during the Ogaden War. *Aden Mohamed Guhad (Aden Walli) – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Suldan Aden S.Farah.S.Omar –Respected traditional holder. *Ugahz Mohamed Abdille Ahmed, a clan elder (Ughaz) and respected traditional figure. * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Suldan Osman Baane –traditional leader * Abdikarem Hikmawi – Is Author, literally scholar and Activist * Mohamed Badel – was a poet, politician, and university lecturer. * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Nadir Yusuf – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Ethiopia * Abwan Harir Osman Guray – Well-known Somali peot * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politiciancurrent mayor of Hargeisa city * Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ugaas) and highly respected traditional leader. * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Hussein Habane - is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} 61ymoxdqh5xgnuiwni7aoaqtwa34tuq User talk:Isma4l 3 42000 301063 294137 2026-07-08T00:06:29Z ~2026-38814-12 46394 /* Soo dhawoow */ Jawaab 301063 wikitext text/x-wiki == Soo dhawoow == Soo dhawoow walaal [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] ([[User talk:Isma4l|wadahadal]]) 20:20, 25 Agoosto 2025 (UTC) :asc sidee tahay [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-38814-12|&#126;2026-38814-12]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-38814-12|wadahadal]]) 00:06, 8 Luuliyo 2026 (UTC) == Codsi ku saabsan wax kabadalka maqaalka laascaanood == Salaan Isma4I.. [[User:Abdi saakir|Abdi saakir]] ([[User talk:Abdi saakir|wadahadal]]) 08:41, 2 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) == Cinwaanka wuxuu baabinayaa qoraalkan Wikipedia oo dhan codsi block garden markii 10 banaad ee aan so celiyo qoraalka == adigo mahadsan cinwaankan wuxuu khatar ku yahay Wikipedia somaliga wuxuu masaxayaa macaliumaad kasta [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-50460-3|&#126;2025-50460-3]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-50460-3|talk]]) 06:25, 3 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) :fadlan qoraalka ubadal Af Soomaali hadii waa lagu xanubi doonaa nabad Gelyo [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] ([[User talk:Isma4l|wadahadal]]) 06:33, 3 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) == Cinwaanka block garden ama kasaar meesha == cinwaankani wuxuu ma saxayaa dhamaan qoraalada Wikipedia gara ahaan kayga markaa meesha ka saar oo block garden ŵuxuu dhelete garaynayaa qoraaldan Wikipedia oo dhan meelo badan ayuu wax ka saaray ee hubso oo jooshi shaqadiisa [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-50460-3|&#126;2025-50460-3]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-50460-3|talk]]) 06:36, 3 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) :fadlan bogaagaa aad sameyse isoodir si aan dib u eego wax ka badalka lagu sameeyay mahadsanid [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] ([[User talk:Isma4l|wadahadal]]) 06:41, 3 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) == Adigoo mahadsan cinwaanka wuxuu kharibayaa qoralkii lagu tacbay ee keenayay bogga in la soo booqo == waxaan dacwo ka hay cinwaan baabinaya qorallda iyo qabiilka Ciidagale or Eidagale bas oo aan somalida kale wax u dhimayn pls cinwaanga hubi [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-50460-3|&#126;2025-50460-3]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-50460-3|talk]]) 12:06, 3 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) == Cinwaanka waxa uu target garaynayaa kali beesha ciidagale or Eidagle == Cinwaanka dawco ka nahahay ee hala block gareeyo [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-50460-3|&#126;2025-50460-3]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-50460-3|talk]]) 12:07, 3 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) :Fadlan jooji in aad bogaan [[Ciidagale]] iyo [[Abokor muuse ]] ku qorto English :Kaliya ku qor af Soomaaliya nabad Gelyo [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] ([[User talk:Isma4l|wadahadal]]) 12:15, 3 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) == Cinwaankaa meesha kasaar wuxuu delete garanayaa Eidaglle kaliya == Cinwaankaas wuxuu masaxayaa dhamaan qoraalda ciidagale [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-50460-3|&#126;2025-50460-3]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-50460-3|talk]]) 12:10, 3 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) == [[Maxamed Daoud]] == Revision by NDG is correct, plese revert to him, [https://so.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxamed_Daoud&diff=280956&oldid=280861 subsequent edits are only VANDALISMS]. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-67356-3|&#126;2025-67356-3]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-67356-3|talk]]) 09:37, 21 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:~2025-67356-3|~2025-67356-3]] :This is the Somali-language Wikipedia. Here you may only write in Somali. If you do not know Somali, please stop changing pages in the Somali Wikipedia into English. For further guidance, please register. Peace. [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] ([[User talk:Isma4l|wadahadal]]) 09:57, 21 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) ::For info. The Tempaccounts are from a Crosswiki LTA [[User:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]] ([[User talk:WikiBayer|wadahadal]]) 10:01, 21 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) == Suaal == Liis mujahidin ah ayan ku daray beelo somaliyed waad ka saartay maxa sababy ? [[User:Dabayl|Dabayl]] ([[User talk:Dabayl|wadahadal]]) 16:03, 11 Oktoobar 2025 (UTC) == Bogag wax laga bedelay si khaldan == Bogag reero habarjeclo ayan ku daray rag mujahidin ah waanad ka saartay marka maxad ku diiday walal arintaas [[User:Dabayl|Dabayl]] ([[User talk:Dabayl|wadahadal]]) 08:39, 5 Jannaayo 2026 (UTC) == New articles == Hello. There are two very important articles I would like you to post. I can write them for you and provide the necessary sources, but you have to read them and judge whether or not they are good and need some improvements. They don't need to be that very long. [[User:Vryheid vir Suid-Afrika|Vryheid vir Suid-Afrika]] ([[User talk:Vryheid vir Suid-Afrika|wadahadal]]) 21:37, 17 Jannaayo 2026 (UTC) c13sl3roerjerx8ynd1vpbzdbp4kvoo 301067 301063 2026-07-08T07:09:18Z Isma4l 41797 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii oo sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/~2026-38814-12|~2026-38814-12]] ([[User talk:~2026-38814-12|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Vryheid vir Suid-Afrika|Vryheid vir Suid-Afrika]] 301067 wikitext text/x-wiki == Soo dhawoow == Soo dhawoow walaal [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] ([[User talk:Isma4l|wadahadal]]) 20:20, 25 Agoosto 2025 (UTC) == Codsi ku saabsan wax kabadalka maqaalka laascaanood == Salaan Isma4I.. [[User:Abdi saakir|Abdi saakir]] ([[User talk:Abdi saakir|wadahadal]]) 08:41, 2 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) == Cinwaanka wuxuu baabinayaa qoraalkan Wikipedia oo dhan codsi block garden markii 10 banaad ee aan so celiyo qoraalka == adigo mahadsan cinwaankan wuxuu khatar ku yahay Wikipedia somaliga wuxuu masaxayaa macaliumaad kasta [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-50460-3|&#126;2025-50460-3]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-50460-3|talk]]) 06:25, 3 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) :fadlan qoraalka ubadal Af Soomaali hadii waa lagu xanubi doonaa nabad Gelyo [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] ([[User talk:Isma4l|wadahadal]]) 06:33, 3 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) == Cinwaanka block garden ama kasaar meesha == cinwaankani wuxuu ma saxayaa dhamaan qoraalada Wikipedia gara ahaan kayga markaa meesha ka saar oo block garden ŵuxuu dhelete garaynayaa qoraaldan Wikipedia oo dhan meelo badan ayuu wax ka saaray ee hubso oo jooshi shaqadiisa [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-50460-3|&#126;2025-50460-3]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-50460-3|talk]]) 06:36, 3 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) :fadlan bogaagaa aad sameyse isoodir si aan dib u eego wax ka badalka lagu sameeyay mahadsanid [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] ([[User talk:Isma4l|wadahadal]]) 06:41, 3 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) == Adigoo mahadsan cinwaanka wuxuu kharibayaa qoralkii lagu tacbay ee keenayay bogga in la soo booqo == waxaan dacwo ka hay cinwaan baabinaya qorallda iyo qabiilka Ciidagale or Eidagale bas oo aan somalida kale wax u dhimayn pls cinwaanga hubi [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-50460-3|&#126;2025-50460-3]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-50460-3|talk]]) 12:06, 3 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) == Cinwaanka waxa uu target garaynayaa kali beesha ciidagale or Eidagle == Cinwaanka dawco ka nahahay ee hala block gareeyo [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-50460-3|&#126;2025-50460-3]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-50460-3|talk]]) 12:07, 3 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) :Fadlan jooji in aad bogaan [[Ciidagale]] iyo [[Abokor muuse ]] ku qorto English :Kaliya ku qor af Soomaaliya nabad Gelyo [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] ([[User talk:Isma4l|wadahadal]]) 12:15, 3 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) == Cinwaankaa meesha kasaar wuxuu delete garanayaa Eidaglle kaliya == Cinwaankaas wuxuu masaxayaa dhamaan qoraalda ciidagale [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-50460-3|&#126;2025-50460-3]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-50460-3|talk]]) 12:10, 3 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) == [[Maxamed Daoud]] == Revision by NDG is correct, plese revert to him, [https://so.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxamed_Daoud&diff=280956&oldid=280861 subsequent edits are only VANDALISMS]. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2025-67356-3|&#126;2025-67356-3]] ([[User talk:&#126;2025-67356-3|talk]]) 09:37, 21 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:~2025-67356-3|~2025-67356-3]] :This is the Somali-language Wikipedia. Here you may only write in Somali. If you do not know Somali, please stop changing pages in the Somali Wikipedia into English. For further guidance, please register. Peace. [[User:Isma4l|Isma4l]] ([[User talk:Isma4l|wadahadal]]) 09:57, 21 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) ::For info. The Tempaccounts are from a Crosswiki LTA [[User:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]] ([[User talk:WikiBayer|wadahadal]]) 10:01, 21 Sebteembar 2025 (UTC) == Suaal == Liis mujahidin ah ayan ku daray beelo somaliyed waad ka saartay maxa sababy ? [[User:Dabayl|Dabayl]] ([[User talk:Dabayl|wadahadal]]) 16:03, 11 Oktoobar 2025 (UTC) == Bogag wax laga bedelay si khaldan == Bogag reero habarjeclo ayan ku daray rag mujahidin ah waanad ka saartay marka maxad ku diiday walal arintaas [[User:Dabayl|Dabayl]] ([[User talk:Dabayl|wadahadal]]) 08:39, 5 Jannaayo 2026 (UTC) == New articles == Hello. There are two very important articles I would like you to post. I can write them for you and provide the necessary sources, but you have to read them and judge whether or not they are good and need some improvements. They don't need to be that very long. [[User:Vryheid vir Suid-Afrika|Vryheid vir Suid-Afrika]] ([[User talk:Vryheid vir Suid-Afrika|wadahadal]]) 21:37, 17 Jannaayo 2026 (UTC) ebex7ptxhnz768mr665n6agxfiz4pjg Shaxda beesha 0 43416 301068 298486 2026-07-08T07:12:43Z ~2026-34537-45 46057 301068 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shaxda beesha''' waxaan halkan ku soo bandhigaynaa (Clan Tree/Abtirsiinta), waxaana hoos ku faahfaahin doonaa sida ay Reeruhu u kala baxaan, Reeraha ay ka kobanyihiih, iyo Deegaannada ay deggan yihiin ama ay ku fidsan yihiin. <br /> {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) **Muuse Daoud ***Abokor ****Saleiban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Aralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Waisleh Osman **************Mahamoud Wais **************Arralleh Wais **************Hussein wais **************Saleiban Wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arreh Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Ibrahim Abokor ***********Mohamed Ibrahim ************Jibril Mohamed ************Hussein Mohamed ************Abokor Hussein **********Hassan Abokor ***********Muuse Hassan ***********Laqshe Hassan ***********Basiralle Hassan ***********Salah Hassan ************Egal Salah *************Hassan Egal **************Dhimbil Hassan ************Mohammed Dhimbil *************Musa Mohamed **************Adawe Muuse ***************Absiye Adawe ***************Allamagn Adawe ***************Yusuf Adawe ***************Liban Adawe ***************Roble Adawe ***************Osman Adawe ***************Egal Adawe ***************Wais Adawe **************Aden Muuse ***************Had Adan ***************Roble Aden ***************Abane Aden ***************Ali Aden ***************Wais Aden ***************Burale Aden ***************Geedi Aden ***************Boqorre Aden ****************Sugulle Boqore ****************Liban Boqorre ****************Warfa Boqorre ****************Koshin Boqorre ****************Shiekhdon Boqorre *************Mucawiye Mohamed **************Samter Muawiye **************Ali Muawiye *************Fatah Mohamed **************Awarre Fatah **************Mohamed Fatah **************Said Fatah **************Hassan Fatah **************Cisman Fatah *************Gulled Mohamed **************Hussein Guled **************Egal Guled **************Yusuf Guled **************Roble Guled **************Abdi Guled **************Elmi Guled **************Samater Guled ************Muuse Dhimbil *************Mahamoud Muuse **************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Jama Shirdon ***************Geele Shirdon ***************Osman Shirdon ***************Egal Shirdon ***************Wais Shirdon ***************Farah Shirdon ***************Roble Shirdon ***************Samter Shirdon ***************Yusuf Shirdon ***************Guled Shirdon **************Hildiid Mohamoud ***************Ali Hildiid ***************Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) ****************Odawa Geedi *****************Odawa Odawa *****************Mahamoud Odawa ****************Geele Geedi ****************Nour(Shire) Geedi ****************Haji Dirie Geedi ****************Samter Geedi ****************Ahmed Geedi ****************Ali Geedi ****************Roble Geedi ***************Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ****************Ali Hersi ****************Guled Hersi ****************Egal Hersi ****************Aden Hersi ****************Mahamoud Hersi ****************Fahiye Hersi *****************Roble Fahiye ******************Elmi Roble ******************Jama Elmi ******************Ali Elmi *****************Rage Roble *****************Elmi Rage ******************Wais Rage ******************Geedi Rage ******************Hersi Rage *************Abdalleh Muuse **************Jibirl Abdalle ***************Siad Jibril ****************Wa'eys Siad ****************Abdalle Siad ***************Kalil Jibirl ****************Ali kalil *****************Siad Ali *****************Koshin Ali *****************Arale Ali *****************Osman Ali *****************Boqorreh Ali ***************Saeed Jibril ****************Abdi Said *****************Abdalle Abdi *****************Roble Abdi ***************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ****************Benin Aden *****************Wais Benin *****************Muse Benin *****************Mohamed Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Nour Benin *****************Ahmed Benin ****************Nour Adan *****************Barre Nour *****************Guled Nour *****************Liban Nour *****************Shirwa Nour *****************Mohamed Nour ****************Ali Aden *****************Mohamed Ali *****************Hussein Ali *****************Ibrahim Ali *****************Omar Ali *****************Osman Ali *****************Khalaf Ali ****************Adan Aden *****************Ahmed Aden *****************Eiye Aden *****************Wais Aden *****************Issa Aden *****************Mohamed Aden *****************Abdille Aden *****************Roble Aden *****************Shire Aden *****************Hassan Aden ****************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) *****************Issa Ali *****************Hussein Ali ******************Jama Hussien *******************Muhumoad Jama *******************Abdillahi Jama *******************Jibril Jama *******************Egal Jama ******************Nour Hussein ******************Roble Hussien ******************Dahir Hussein ******************Wa'ays Hussein ******************Ali Hussein ******************Mohamed Hussein ******************Hersi Hussien *******************Muhumad Hersi *******************Abdi Hersi *******************Ali Hersi *****************Mumin Ali ******************Egal Mumin ******************Ziyad Mumin ******************Wais Mumin ******************Hassan Munin ******************Farah Mumin ******************Essa Mumin ******************Jibril Mumin ******************Urmah Mumin *******************Dhible Urmah *******************Ismail Urmah *****************Naleye Ali ******************Jama Naleye ******************Dualeh Naleye ******************Warfa Naleye ******************Ahmed Naleye ******************Abdi Naleye ******************Jibril Naleye ******************Egal Naleye ******************Arralleh Egal *******************Elmi Aralleh *******************Aw-Jama Arralleh ****************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) *****************Ismail Nour ******************Gabal Ismail ******************Abdi Ismail ******************Barre Ismail ******************Musa Ismail ******************Hersi Ismail ******************Aden Ismail ******************Wais Ismail *****************Hersi Nour ******************Hugur Hersi ******************Osman Hersi ******************Bacalul Hersi ******************Ali Hersi ******************Aden Hersi ******************Farah Hersi ******************Warfa Hersi ******************Elmi Hersi *****************Gabal Nour ******************Samater Gabal ******************Dahir Gabal ******************Ahmed Gabal ******************Roble Gabal ******************Warfa Gabal *****************Mohamed Nour ******************Mohamed Omar *******************Hussein Mohamed ********************Wais Husien ********************Hujale Husien ********************Dirie Husien *******************Sharmake Mohamed ********************Roble Sharmake ********************Nour Sharmake ********************Jama Sharmake *********************Hudale Jama *********************Yasin Jama *******************Allale Mohamed ********************Egal Allale *********************Hassan Egal **********************Omar Hassan **********************Ahmed Hassan ****************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *****************Naleye Benin *****************Ahmed Benin *****************Hersi Benin *****************Warfa Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Abdi Benin *****************Fatah Benin *****************Aden Benin *****************Dirie Benin *****************Farah Benin *****************Dahir Benin *****************Arale Benin *****************Guled Benin *****************Shirwa Benin *****************Abane Benin *****************Abdille Benin *****************Yusuf Benin *****************Arale Benin *****************Roble Benin *****************Osman Benin ****************Abdille Abdi *****************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ******************Ismail Gallab *******************Farah Ismail *******************Idiris Ismail *******************Abdille Ismail *******************Jibirl Ismail *******************Mohamed Ismail *******************Ahmed Ismail *******************Sa'ad Ismail *******************Aden Ismail ******************Asker Gallab *******************Dahir Askar *******************Wais Askar *******************Osman Asker *******************Jama Asker *******************Roble Asker *******************Egal Asker *******************Koshin Asker *****************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ******************Gulled Eiye *******************Deria Guled ********************Abokor Deria ********************Osman Derie ********************Khalaf Derie ********************Abdalle Deria *******************Kalil Guled ********************Farah Kalil ********************Ali Kalil ********************Hassan Kalil ********************Roble kalil ********************Osman Kalil ********************Aden Kalil ******************Sharmake Eiye *******************Barre Sharmake *******************Omar Sharmake *******************Arrale Sharmake *******************Mohamed Sharmaae *******************Hager Sharmake ********************Farah Hager ********************Geedi Hagar ********************Ziyad Hagar ********************Adan Hagar ********************Boqorre Hagar ********************Elmi Hagar *****************Mohamed Abdille ******************Ahmed Mohamed *******************Samter Ahmed *******************Ziyad Ahmed *******************Mayle Ahmed *******************Elmi Ahmed *******************Warfa Ahmed *******************Geedi Ahmed *******************Amanle Ahmed *******************Food Ahmed *******************Wais Ahmed *******************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) ********************Ismail Dhible *********************Geedi Ismail *********************Yusuf Ismail *********************Farah Ismail *********************Wais Ismail *********************Hersi Ismail *********************Abdille Ismail *********************Dalal Ismail ********************Barre Dhible *********************Ali Barre *********************Musa Barre *********************Said Barre *********************Wais Barre *********************Yusuf Barre *********************Osman Barre *********************Aden Barre *******************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) ********************Cadad Ali ********************Deria Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************Wa'eys Ali ********************Jibril Ali ********************Roble Ali ********************Suber Ali ********************Osman Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************Abdille Ali ********************kalil Ali *********************Magan kalil *********************Deria Kalil *********************Abdi kalil *********************Aden kalil *********************Yusuf kalil *******************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) ********************Derie Gubadleh *********************Ismail Derie *********************Gubtame Derie *********************Nour Derie *********************Mohamoud Derie *********************Omar Derie *********************Dualeh Derie *********************Hussein Derie *********************Wa'ays Derie *********************Yusuf Derie ********************Boqorre Gubdleh *********************Hersi Boqorre *********************Ali Boqorre *********************Abdille Boqorre *********************Hirad Boqorre *********************Asker Boqorre *********************Mohamed Boqorre *********************Aw Hassan Boqorre *********************Ismail Boqorre *********************Shire Boqorre *********************Hashi Boqorre *********************Mohamoud (Bahnan) Boqorre ************Ahmed Dhimbil *************Musa Ahmed *************Waisleh Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Liban Ahmed *************Abdi Liban **************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***************Aden Ismail ***************Iman Ismail ***************Bulale Ismail ***************Geedi Ismail ***************Idiris Ismail ***************Yusuf Ismail ***************Koshin Ismail ***************Hersi Ismail ***************Shirwac Ismail ***************Said Ismail **************Mohammed Abdi (Addeh) ***************Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ****************Nour Sarar ****************Mohamed(Hersi) Sarar ****************Farah Sarar ****************Yusuf Sarar ****************Dualeh Sarar ****************Elmi Sarar ***************Ahmed(Bedar)Mohamed ****************Koshin Ahmed ****************Samter Ahmed ****************Uballe Ahmed ****************Hurie (Egal) Ahmed ****************Waraf Ahmed ****************Karie Ahmed ****************Mohamed Ahmed **********Aden Abokor ***********( Aden Mohamed) ************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) *************Abdi Awal **************Had Abdi **************Nour Abdi **************Ahmed Abdi **************Liban Abdi **************Wa'eys Abdi **************Omar Abdi **************Aden Abdi **************Geedi Abdi **************Ibrahim Abdi **************Mohamoud Abdi *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan ***************Aden Ladon ****************Herar Ladon ****************Jama Ladon ****************Ali Ladon ****************Fahiye Ladon **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle ***************Ahmed Abdalle ***************Halas Ahmed ****************Osman Halas ****************Samter Halas ****************Egal Ahmed *****************Wais Egal *****************Madar Egal ****************Geedi Ahmed *****************Samter Geedi *****************Mohamed Geedi *****************Dalal Geedi *****************Fatah Geedi *****************Waisleh Geedi *****************Allamagan Geedi ******************Guled Allamagan ******************Egal Allamagan *****************Hode Geedi ******************Farah Hode ******************Yusuf Hode ******************Geele Geedi *****************Ahmed Geele ******************Dahir Geele ******************Nour Geele *****************Ali Geedi ******************Osman Ali ******************Hassan Ali ******************Abdalle Ali ******************Yusuf Ali ******************Aden Ali {{tree list/end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Abokor Muuse !Magaca ! class="unsortable" |Tirada Qabiilada !Magacyada Qabiilada !Deegaanka !Sharaxaad Kooban |- | '''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil]]''' ||shan Reer || *Mucawiye Mohamed *Fatah Mohamed *Guled Mohamed *Musa Mohamed *Farah Muse **Cadawe Muse **Aden Muse ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Toon]],[[Salahlay]]. Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad,[[Kaamtuug]],[[kaam Abokor]], [[Iskoyska]] ,[[ Awaare]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Ahmed Dhimbil|beesha Axmed dhimbil]] ||Afar Reer|| *Musa Ahmed *Waisleh Ahmed *Osman Ahmed *Liban Ahmed **Abdi liban ***Osman Abdi (Rer Osman) ***Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***Mohamed Abdi ****Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ***Ahmed(Bedar) Mohamed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Bisad]] ,[[kaam Abokor]], [[Qooryare]],[[Iskoyska]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Aden Abokor | Beesha Aden Abokor ]] || Labo Reer|| *Cawal Aden (Reer Cawal) **Mohamoud Awal **Hussein Awal **Abdi Awal *Hassan Aden **Ziyad Hassan **Odawa Hassan **Ladon Hassan **Abdalle Hassan ***Abdi Abdalle ***Ali Abdalle ***Ahmed Abdalle ****Halas Ahmed ****Egal Ahmed ****Geedi Ahmed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],,[[Salahlay]], [[Aden Abokor]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad ,[[kaam Abokor]] ,[[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || ''' [[Mohamoud Muuse | Beesha Mohamoud Muuse]] || Saddex Reer|| *Shirdon Mohamoud (Rer Shirdon) *Hildiid Mohamoud **Ali Hildiid **Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) **Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Salahlay]], [[ Aden warabe]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || ''' [[ Abdalleh Muuse | Beesha Abdalleh Muuse]] || 7 todoba Reer oo balaadhan|| *Saeed jibril **Abdi Said ***Salah Abdi ***Abdalle Abdi *Hersi Jibril **Ahmed Hersi **Abdalle Hersi *kalil jibril (Rer kalil) **Hersi Kalil **Egal Kalil **Wais Kalil **Ali kalil *Aden Jibril (Rer Aadan) **Benin Aden **Nour Aden **Ali Aden **Aden Aden *Abdi Jibril **Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) ***Issa Ali ***Hussein Ali ***Mumin Ali ***Naleye Ali **Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ***Ismail Nour ***Gabal Nour ***Hersi Nour ***Mohamed Nour **Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) **Abdille Abdi ***Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ****Ismail Gallab ****Asker Gallab ***Eiye Abdille (Rer Ciye) ****Gulled Eiye ****Sharmake Eiye ***Mohamed Abdille ****Ahmed Mohamed (Rer Ahmed Mohamed) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Toon]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad, [[kaam Abokor]], [[Iskoyska]] ,[[Adan warabe ]],[[ Bisad]] ,[[Egal Adani]] , [[Iskoyska]] ,[[Dooxada-Galol fadhiidh]], [[Awaare]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. * waana beesha kowaad ee ugu balaadhan dlab1fh3ky67zugujq9ok0nrx97i8r8 301069 301068 2026-07-08T07:13:54Z ~2026-34537-45 46057 301069 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shaxda beesha''' waxaan halkan ku soo bandhigaynaa (Clan Tree/Abtirsiinta), waxaana hoos ku faahfaahin doonaa sida ay Reeruhu u kala baxaan, Reeraha ay ka kobanyihiih, iyo Deegaannada ay deggan yihiin ama ay ku fidsan yihiin. <br /> {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) **Muuse Daoud ***Abokor ****Saleiban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Aralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Waisleh Osman **************Mahamoud Wais **************Arralleh Wais **************Hussein wais **************Saleiban Wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arreh Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Ibrahim Abokor ***********Mohamed Ibrahim ************Jibril Mohamed ************Hussein Mohamed ************Abokor Hussein **********Hassan Abokor ***********Muuse Hassan ***********Laqshe Hassan ***********Basiralle Hassan ***********Salah Hassan ************Egal Salah *************Hassan Egal **************Dhimbil Hassan ************Mohammed Dhimbil *************Musa Mohamed **************Adawe Muuse ***************Absiye Adawe ***************Allamagn Adawe ***************Yusuf Adawe ***************Liban Adawe ***************Roble Adawe ***************Osman Adawe ***************Egal Adawe ***************Wais Adawe **************Aden Muuse ***************Had Adan ***************Roble Aden ***************Abane Aden ***************Ali Aden ***************Wais Aden ***************Burale Aden ***************Geedi Aden ***************Boqorre Aden ****************Sugulle Boqore ****************Liban Boqorre ****************Warfa Boqorre ****************Koshin Boqorre ****************Shiekhdon Boqorre *************Mucawiye Mohamed **************Samter Muawiye **************Ali Muawiye *************Fatah Mohamed **************Awarre Fatah **************Mohamed Fatah **************Said Fatah **************Hassan Fatah **************Cisman Fatah *************Gulled Mohamed **************Hussein Guled **************Egal Guled **************Yusuf Guled **************Roble Guled **************Abdi Guled **************Elmi Guled **************Samater Guled ************Muuse Dhimbil *************Mahamoud Muuse **************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Jama Shirdon ***************Geele Shirdon ***************Osman Shirdon ***************Egal Shirdon ***************Wais Shirdon ***************Farah Shirdon ***************Roble Shirdon ***************Samter Shirdon ***************Yusuf Shirdon ***************Guled Shirdon **************Hildiid Mohamoud ***************Ali Hildiid ***************Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) ****************Odawa Geedi *****************Odawa Odawa *****************Mahamoud Odawa ****************Geele Geedi ****************Nour(Shire) Geedi ****************Haji Dirie Geedi ****************Samter Geedi ****************Ahmed Geedi ****************Ali Geedi ****************Roble Geedi ***************Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ****************Ali Hersi ****************Guled Hersi ****************Egal Hersi ****************Aden Hersi ****************Mahamoud Hersi ****************Fahiye Hersi *****************Roble Fahiye ******************Elmi Roble ******************Jama Elmi ******************Ali Elmi *****************Rage Roble *****************Elmi Rage ******************Wais Rage ******************Geedi Rage ******************Hersi Rage *************Abdalleh Muuse **************Jibirl Abdalle ***************Siad Jibril ****************Wa'eys Siad ****************Abdalle Siad ***************Kalil Jibirl ****************Ali kalil *****************Siad Ali *****************Koshin Ali *****************Arale Ali *****************Osman Ali *****************Boqorreh Ali ***************Saeed Jibril ****************Abdi Said *****************Abdalle Abdi *****************Roble Abdi ***************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ****************Benin Aden *****************Wais Benin *****************Muse Benin *****************Mohamed Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Nour Benin *****************Ahmed Benin ****************Nour Adan *****************Barre Nour *****************Guled Nour *****************Liban Nour *****************Shirwa Nour *****************Mohamed Nour ****************Ali Aden *****************Mohamed Ali *****************Hussein Ali *****************Ibrahim Ali *****************Omar Ali *****************Osman Ali *****************Khalaf Ali ****************Adan Aden *****************Ahmed Aden *****************Eiye Aden *****************Wais Aden *****************Issa Aden *****************Mohamed Aden *****************Abdille Aden *****************Roble Aden *****************Shire Aden *****************Hassan Aden ****************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) *****************Issa Ali *****************Hussein Ali ******************Jama Hussien *******************Muhumoad Jama *******************Abdillahi Jama *******************Jibril Jama *******************Egal Jama ******************Nour Hussein ******************Roble Hussien ******************Dahir Hussein ******************Wa'ays Hussein ******************Ali Hussein ******************Mohamed Hussein ******************Hersi Hussien *******************Muhumad Hersi *******************Abdi Hersi *******************Ali Hersi *****************Mumin Ali ******************Egal Mumin ******************Ziyad Mumin ******************Wais Mumin ******************Hassan Munin ******************Farah Mumin ******************Essa Mumin ******************Jibril Mumin ******************Urmah Mumin *******************Dhible Urmah *******************Ismail Urmah *****************Naleye Ali ******************Jama Naleye ******************Dualeh Naleye ******************Warfa Naleye ******************Ahmed Naleye ******************Abdi Naleye ******************Jibril Naleye ******************Egal Naleye ******************Arralleh Egal *******************Elmi Aralleh *******************Aw-Jama Arralleh ****************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) *****************Ismail Nour ******************Gabal Ismail ******************Abdi Ismail ******************Barre Ismail ******************Musa Ismail ******************Hersi Ismail ******************Aden Ismail ******************Wais Ismail *****************Hersi Nour ******************Hugur Hersi ******************Osman Hersi ******************Bacalul Hersi ******************Ali Hersi ******************Aden Hersi ******************Farah Hersi ******************Warfa Hersi ******************Elmi Hersi *****************Gabal Nour ******************Samater Gabal ******************Dahir Gabal ******************Ahmed Gabal ******************Roble Gabal ******************Warfa Gabal *****************Mohamed Nour ******************Mohamed Omar *******************Hussein Mohamed ********************Wais Husien ********************Hujale Husien ********************Dirie Husien *******************Sharmake Mohamed ********************Roble Sharmake ********************Nour Sharmake ********************Jama Sharmake *********************Hudale Jama *********************Yasin Jama *******************Allale Mohamed ********************Egal Allale *********************Hassan Egal **********************Omar Hassan **********************Ahmed Hassan ****************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *****************Naleye Benin *****************Ahmed Benin *****************Hersi Benin *****************Warfa Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Abdi Benin *****************Fatah Benin *****************Aden Benin *****************Dirie Benin *****************Farah Benin *****************Dahir Benin *****************Arale Benin *****************Guled Benin *****************Shirwa Benin *****************Abane Benin *****************Abdille Benin *****************Yusuf Benin *****************Arale Benin *****************Roble Benin *****************Osman Benin ****************Abdille Abdi *****************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ******************Ismail Gallab *******************Farah Ismail *******************Idiris Ismail *******************Abdille Ismail *******************Jibirl Ismail *******************Mohamed Ismail *******************Ahmed Ismail *******************Sa'ad Ismail *******************Aden Ismail ******************Asker Gallab *******************Dahir Askar *******************Wais Askar *******************Osman Asker *******************Jama Asker *******************Roble Asker *******************Egal Asker *******************Koshin Asker *****************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ******************Gulled Eiye *******************Deria Guled ********************Abokor Deria ********************Osman Derie ********************Khalaf Derie ********************Abdalle Deria *******************Kalil Guled ********************Farah Kalil ********************Ali Kalil ********************Hassan Kalil ********************Roble kalil ********************Osman Kalil ********************Aden Kalil ******************Sharmake Eiye *******************Barre Sharmake *******************Omar Sharmake *******************Arrale Sharmake *******************Mohamed Sharmaae *******************Hager Sharmake ********************Farah Hager ********************Geedi Hagar ********************Ziyad Hagar ********************Adan Hagar ********************Boqorre Hagar ********************Elmi Hagar *****************Mohamed Abdille ******************Ahmed Mohamed *******************Samter Ahmed *******************Ziyad Ahmed *******************Mayle Ahmed *******************Elmi Ahmed *******************Warfa Ahmed *******************Geedi Ahmed *******************Amanle Ahmed *******************Food Ahmed *******************Wais Ahmed *******************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) ********************Ismail Dhible *********************Geedi Ismail *********************Yusuf Ismail *********************Farah Ismail *********************Wais Ismail *********************Hersi Ismail *********************Abdille Ismail *********************Dalal Ismail ********************Barre Dhible *********************Ali Barre *********************Musa Barre *********************Said Barre *********************Wais Barre *********************Yusuf Barre *********************Osman Barre *********************Aden Barre *******************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) ********************Cadad Ali ********************Deria Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************Wa'eys Ali ********************Jibril Ali ********************Roble Ali ********************Suber Ali ********************Osman Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************Abdille Ali ********************kalil Ali *********************Magan kalil *********************Deria Kalil *********************Abdi kalil *********************Aden kalil *********************Yusuf kalil *******************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) ********************Derie Gubadleh *********************Ismail Derie *********************Gubtame Derie *********************Nour Derie *********************Mohamoud Derie *********************Omar Derie *********************Dualeh Derie *********************Hussein Derie *********************Wa'ays Derie *********************Yusuf Derie ********************Boqorre Gubdleh *********************Hersi Boqorre *********************Ali Boqorre *********************Abdille Boqorre *********************Hirad Boqorre *********************Asker Boqorre *********************Mohamed Boqorre *********************Aw Hassan Boqorre *********************Ismail Boqorre *********************Shire Boqorre *********************Hashi Boqorre *********************Mohamoud (Bahnan) Boqorre ************Ahmed Dhimbil *************Musa Ahmed *************Waisleh Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Liban Ahmed *************Abdi Liban **************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***************Aden Ismail ***************Iman Ismail ***************Bulale Ismail ***************Geedi Ismail ***************Idiris Ismail ***************Yusuf Ismail ***************Koshin Ismail ***************Hersi Ismail ***************Shirwac Ismail ***************Said Ismail **************Mohammed Abdi (Addeh) ***************Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ****************Nour Sarar ****************Mohamed(Hersi) Sarar ****************Farah Sarar ****************Yusuf Sarar ****************Dualeh Sarar ****************Elmi Sarar ***************Ahmed(Bedar)Mohamed ****************Koshin Ahmed ****************Samter Ahmed ****************Uballe Ahmed ****************Hurie (Egal) Ahmed ****************Waraf Ahmed ****************Karie Ahmed ****************Mohamed Ahmed **********Aden Abokor ***********( Aden Mohamed) ************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) *************Abdi Awal **************Had Abdi **************Nour Abdi **************Ahmed Abdi **************Liban Abdi **************Wa'eys Abdi **************Omar Abdi **************Aden Abdi **************Geedi Abdi **************Ibrahim Abdi **************Mohamoud Abdi *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan ***************Aden Ladon ****************Herar Ladon ****************Jama Ladon ****************Ali Ladon ****************Fahiye Ladon **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle ***************Ahmed Abdalle ***************Halas Ahmed ****************Osman Halas ****************Samter Halas ****************Egal Ahmed *****************Wais Egal *****************Madar Egal ****************Geedi Ahmed *****************Samter Geedi *****************Mohamed Geedi *****************Dalal Geedi *****************Fatah Geedi *****************Waisleh Geedi *****************Allamagan Geedi ******************Guled Allamagan ******************Egal Allamagan *****************Hode Geedi ******************Farah Hode ******************Yusuf Hode ******************Geele Geedi *****************Ahmed Geele ******************Dahir Geele ******************Nour Geele *****************Ali Geedi ******************Osman Ali ******************Hassan Ali ******************Abdalle Ali ******************Yusuf Ali ******************Aden Ali {{tree list/end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Abokor Muuse !Magaca ! class="unsortable" |Tirada Qabiilada !Magacyada Qabiilada !Deegaanka !Sharaxaad Kooban |- | '''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil]]''' ||Afar Reer || *Mucawiye Mohamed *Fatah Mohamed *Guled Mohamed *Musa Mohamed **Farah Muse **Cadawe Muse **Aden Muse ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Toon]],[[Salahlay]]. Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad,[[Kaamtuug]],[[kaam Abokor]], [[Iskoyska]] ,[[ Awaare]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Ahmed Dhimbil|beesha Axmed dhimbil]] ||Afar Reer|| *Musa Ahmed *Waisleh Ahmed *Osman Ahmed *Liban Ahmed **Abdi liban ***Osman Abdi (Rer Osman) ***Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***Mohamed Abdi ****Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarar) ***Ahmed(Bedar) Mohamed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Bisad]] ,[[kaam Abokor]], [[Qooryare]],[[Iskoyska]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Aden Abokor | Beesha Aden Abokor ]] || Labo Reer|| *Cawal Aden (Reer Cawal) **Mohamoud Awal **Hussein Awal **Abdi Awal *Hassan Aden **Ziyad Hassan **Odawa Hassan **Ladon Hassan **Abdalle Hassan ***Abdi Abdalle ***Ali Abdalle ***Ahmed Abdalle ****Halas Ahmed ****Egal Ahmed ****Geedi Ahmed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],,[[Salahlay]], [[Aden Abokor]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad ,[[kaam Abokor]] ,[[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || ''' [[Mohamoud Muuse | Beesha Mohamoud Muuse]] || Saddex Reer|| *Shirdon Mohamoud (Rer Shirdon) *Hildiid Mohamoud **Ali Hildiid **Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) **Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Salahlay]], [[ Aden warabe]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || ''' [[ Abdalleh Muuse | Beesha Abdalleh Muuse]] || 7 todoba Reer oo balaadhan|| *Saeed jibril **Abdi Said ***Salah Abdi ***Abdalle Abdi *Hersi Jibril **Ahmed Hersi **Abdalle Hersi *kalil jibril (Rer kalil) **Hersi Kalil **Egal Kalil **Wais Kalil **Ali kalil *Aden Jibril (Rer Aadan) **Benin Aden **Nour Aden **Ali Aden **Aden Aden *Abdi Jibril **Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) ***Issa Ali ***Hussein Ali ***Mumin Ali ***Naleye Ali **Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ***Ismail Nour ***Gabal Nour ***Hersi Nour ***Mohamed Nour **Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) **Abdille Abdi ***Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ****Ismail Gallab ****Asker Gallab ***Eiye Abdille (Rer Ciye) ****Gulled Eiye ****Sharmake Eiye ***Mohamed Abdille ****Ahmed Mohamed (Rer Ahmed Mohamed) ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Toon]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad, [[kaam Abokor]], [[Iskoyska]] ,[[Adan warabe ]],[[ Bisad]] ,[[Egal Adani]] , [[Iskoyska]] ,[[Dooxada-Galol fadhiidh]], [[Awaare]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah afarta tiir ee Beesha. * waana beesha kowaad ee ugu balaadhan 9e1o95lm6xs44otppqno5k6kz77mgqo Xarunta Cilmi baarista iyo Horumarinta Puntland 0 48455 300984 300473 2026-07-07T13:42:26Z Robertjamal12 45175 300984 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pdrc-Hor-Large-black-text-01-1.png|right|thumb|250x250px]] '''Xarunta Cilmi baarista iyo Horumarinta Puntlan (PDRC)''' waa urur maxalli ah oo aan dowli ahayn (LNGO) oo xaruntiisu tahay [[Garoowe]], caasimadda maamulka iskiis u maamula ee [[Puntland]] ee waqooyi-bari [[Soomaaliya]]. Xaruntu waxay door muhiim ah ka qaadataa cilmi-baarista iyo maalgelinta horumarinta nabadda iyo dadaallada lagu xoojinayo maamul wanaagga. ==Hawlaha== PDRC waxaa maamula [[board of directors|guddi agaasime]] oo ka kooban toddoba xubnood; shan rag ah iyo laba haween ah. Agaasimaha xarunta waa Cabdiraxmaan Cabdulle Cismaan (Shuke).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pdrcsomalia.org/profile.php |title=PDRC - Puntland Development Research Center |accessdate=2011-03-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119055842/http://pdrcsomalia.org/profile.php |archivedate=2008-11-19 }}</ref> Ujeeddada ay xaruntu sheegtay waa horumarinta dhismaha nabadda iyo dib-u-dhiska qaranka kadib [[Somali Civil War|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]] iyo saameyntiisii. Iyadoo la dhiirrigelinayo wada-hadalka u dhexeeya dhinacyada muhiimka ah ee gudaha iyo kuwa caalamiga ah, PDRC waxay doonaysaa inay kobciso qiyamka dimuqraadiyadda. Waxa kale oo ay hiigsanaysaa horumarinta bulshada iyo dhaqaalaha iyadoo la ixtiraamayo xuquuqda aadanaha, si hufan loo adeegsanayo khayraadka, isla markaana dadka deegaanka loola dhaqmo si siman. ==Taariikh== PDRC waxaa la aasaasay 30 Oktoobar 1999.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pdrcsomalia.org/profile.php |title=PDRC - Puntland Development Research Center |accessdate=2011-03-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119055842/http://pdrcsomalia.org/profile.php |archivedate=2008-11-19 }}</ref> Tobankii sano ee ugu horreeyay, xaruntu waxay samaysay dadaallo badan oo lagu hagaajinayo tayada maamulka [[Puntland]]. Sidaas awgeed, sannadkii 2001 waxay hirgelisay Puntland Peace Mission (PPM), oo ahayd hindise lagu doonayay in lagu xalliyo khilaafaadka u dhexeeyay maamulka Puntland ee xilligaas iyo kooxaha mucaaradka.<ref name="PPM">[http://www.somaliawatch.org/archivemar02/020420601.htm Puntland Peace Mission (PPM)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725081433/http://www.somaliawatch.org/archivemar02/020420601.htm |date=2011-07-25 }}</ref> PDRC waxay sidoo kale qabanqaabisay isu-soo-baxyo nabadeed oo ka dhacay guud ahaan gobolka. Horraantii 2004, PDRC waxay xoogga saartay muhiimadda cilmi-baarista ku saabsan dimuqraadiyeynta nidaamka siyaasadeed ee Puntland, maamulka dakhliga dowladda, adkaynta heshiiska nabadda Mudug iyo dib-u-heshiisiinta qaran. Waxay sidoo kale soo bandhigtay dadaalladii lagu horumarinayay tayada maamulka Soomaaliya. Isla sannadkaas, PDRC waxay iskaashi la samaysay War-torn Societies Project (WSP) si looga hortago in uu dhaco firaaqo siyaasadeed oo ka dhalata qaab-dhismeedka siyaasadeed ee Puntland xilligaas. Sanadihii u dambeeyay, PDRC waxay sii wadday doorkeeda muhiimka ah ee cilmi-baarista iyo maalgelinta barnaamijyada lagu horumarinayo nabadda iyo maamul wanaagga Puntland. Sida ay sheegtay PDRC, maamul wanaaggu wuxuu kordhiyaa ka-qaybgalka shacabka ee go'aan qaadashada, wuxuu suurageliyaa [[decentralization|maamul-daadejinta]] awoodda laga soo wareejiyo dowladda dhexe loona wareejiyo heerarka gobollada iyo bulshada, wuxuuna xoojiyaa hufnaanta go'aan qaadashada. Sannadkii 2016, PDRC waxay magaceeda ka beddeshay "Puntland Development Research Center" una beddeshay "Peace and Development Research Center". Sababta isbeddelkan ayaa ahayd qorshaha ay ku ballaarinayso joogitaankeeda iyo shaqadeeda guud ahaan Soomaaliya. PDRC waxay iskaashi la leedahay Interpeace, oo ah urur aan faa'iido doon ahayn oo fadhigiisu yahay Geneva kana shaqeeya dhismaha nabadda. == Tixraacyo == 1tx6wrd52hy3lg9v54zx5d1vezrq5xn Anna Nimiriano 0 48463 300974 300550 2026-07-07T13:35:09Z Robertjamal12 45175 300974 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anna Nimiriano.jpg|right|250px]] '''Anna Nimiriano''' (mararka qaarna waxaa loo yaqaan '''Anna Nimiriano Nunu Siya''') waa saxafiyad u dhalatay Koonfur Suudaan, waana aasaasaha wadajirka ah iyo tifaftiraha guud ee ''Juba Monitor''. Nimiriano waa haweeneyda keliya ee ah tifaftire guud ee wargeys ka shaqeysa Koonfur Suudaan, waxayna ku guuleysatay Abaalmarinta Women in News Editorial Leadership Award 2019 Africa (WAN-IFRA 2019 Africa Laureate).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Nimiriano, South Sudan's only female newspaper editor |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1503257 |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> == Taariikh nololeed iyo waxbarasho == Nimiriano waxay shahaadada Bachelor of Arts ee Cilmiga Bulshada iyo Horumarinta Reer Miyiga ka qaadatay [[University of Juba]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Editor from South Sudan is 2019 Africa Laureate |url=https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/200/15/190604.html |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=Bizcommunity |language=en}}</ref> Waxay sidoo kale haysataa Dibloomo cilmiga diinta ah oo ay ka qaadatay Institute of Theology for the Laity.<ref name=":0" /> Intaa waxaa dheer, Nimiriano waxay ka qaybgashay aqoon-is-weydaarsiyo badan oo heer qaran iyo heer caalami ah oo ku saabsan warbaahinta, kuwaas oo lagu qabtay Kenya, Uganda, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]], Sierra Leone, Jabuuti, Tansaaniya, Shiinaha iyo Hindiya.<ref name=":0" /> == Shaqada == Intii ay jaamacadda dhigatay, Nimiriano waxay qori jirtay maqaalada aragtida iyo faallooyinka ee wargeyskii hadda xirmay ee [[Khartoum Monitor]]. Kadib markii ay waxbarashadeeda dhammaysatay sannadkii 2006, waxay ku biirtay wargeyska iyadoo noqotay agaasimaha tafatirka, kadibna tifaftiraha maamulka.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=adminjubamonitor |title=The rise to fame of a female journalist, Anna Nimiriano |url=https://www.jubamonitor.com/the-rise-to-fame-of-a-female-journalist-anna-nimiriano/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322014725/http://www.jubamonitor.com/the-rise-to-fame-of-a-female-journalist-anna-nimiriano/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=22 March 2019 |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=Juba Monitor |language=en-US}}</ref> Wargeyska waxaa loo beddelay ''Juba Monitor'' sannadkii 2000, waxayna noqotay mid ka mid ah aasaasayaashiisa. Sannadkii 2017, Nimiriano waxaa loo magacaabay [[Editor-in-chief|tifaftiraha guud]] ee ''Juba Monitor'', taas oo ka dhigtay haweeneyda keliya ee xilkaas ka haysa Koonfur Suudaan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=adminjubamonitor |title=Anna Nimiriano off to Washington for fourth Award |url=https://www.jubamonitor.com/anna-nimiriano-off-to-washington-for-fourth-award/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019051115/http://www.jubamonitor.com/anna-nimiriano-off-to-washington-for-fourth-award/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=Juba Monitor |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 October 2018 |title=She bears witness to South Sudan's turbulence, one headline at a time |work=Christian Science Monitor |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2018/1004/She-bears-witness-to-South-Sudan-s-turbulence-one-headline-at-a-time |access-date=2022-03-21 |issn=0882-7729}}</ref> Waxay beddeshay [[Alfred Taban]], kaas oo xilka ka degay kadib markii loo magacaabay xildhibaan matalaya [[Kajo Keji|Kajo-Keji]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=adminjubamonitor |title=Kajo-Keji MP vows to restore security |url=https://www.jubamonitor.com/kajo-keji-mp-vows-to-restore-security/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207125222/https://www.jubamonitor.com/kajo-keji-mp-vows-to-restore-security/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=Juba Monitor |language=en-US}}</ref> Nimiriano waxay xubin ka tahay National Editors' Forum (NEF) ee Koonfur Suudaan.<ref name=":0" /> Iyadoo doorkaas ku jirta, waxay warbaahinta u matashay madasha heerka sare ee Revitalized Peace Agreement Forum ee Koonfur Suudaan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anna Nimiriano – IWMF |url=https://www.iwmf.org/community/anna-nimiriano/ |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=[www.iwmf.org](http://www.iwmf.org) |language=en}}</ref> == Abaalmarino iyo aqoonsi == Sannadkii 2019, Nimiriano waxay heshay laba abaalmarin. Waxaa loo magacaabay WAN-IFRA Africa Laureate, sidoo kale waxay ku guuleysatay Abaalmarinta Courage in Journalism Award 2019.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The IWMF Announces 2019 Courage in Journalism Award Winners – IWMF |url=https://www.iwmf.org/2019/07/the-iwmf-announces-2019-courage-in-journalism-award-winners/ |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=[www.iwmf.org](http://www.iwmf.org) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2020 |title=WAN-IFRA Women in News names Mary Mbewe the 2020 Editorial Leadership Award Laureate for Africa |url=https://wan-ifra.org/2020/09/wan-ifra-women-in-news-names-mary-mbewe-the-2020-editorial-leadership-award-laureate-for-africa/ |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=WAN-IFRA |language=en-US}}</ref> Waxay kaalinta 8-aad ka gashay liiska majaladda ''Fortune'' ee 50-ka hoggaamiye ee ugu saameynta badan dunida sannadkii 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anna Nimiriano |url=https://fortune.com/worlds-greatest-leaders/2019/anna-nimiriano/ |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref> Sidoo kale, Avance Media waxay ku dartay liiska 100-ka haween ee Afrika ugu saameynta badan sannadkii 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=100Women {{!}} Avance Media {{!}} Anna Nimiriano |url=https://100women.avancemedia.org/annanimiriano/ |access-date=2022-03-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == 9knuds5syeeyxtnbpif2b2m614bp9wx Bona Malwal 0 48468 300978 300561 2026-07-07T13:36:18Z Robertjamal12 45175 300978 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bona Malwal.jpg|right|250px]] '''Bona Malwal Madut Ring''' (1928 – 2 Nofeembar 2025) wuxuu ahaa saxafi, siyaasi iyo mas'uul dowladeed oo u dhashay Koonfur Suudaan, laguna yaqaanay u doodista [[2011 South Sudanese independence referendum|aayo-ka-tashiga]] iyo gooni-isu-taagga [[Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (2005–2011)|Koonfurta Suudaan]] (maanta ah [[South Sudan]]). Isagoo ka tirsanaa [[Dinka people|qowmiyadda Dinka]], wuxuu waxbarasho ku qaatay saxaafadda iyo dhaqaalaha gudaha Mareykanka, isagoo shahaadooyin ka qaatay [[Indiana University Bloomington]] iyo [[Columbia University]]. Shaqadiisu waxay ka bilaabatay isagoo ahaa [[Ministry of Information (Sudan)|Sarkaal Warfaafineed]], balse markii dambe wuxuu u wareegay saxaafadda, isagoo noqday tifaftiraha guud ee wargeysyo kala duwan oo Suudaan ka soo bixi jiray, oo ay ku jirto ''[[The Vigilant]]'', oo ahaa afhayeenka [[Southern Front (Sudan)|Southern Front]]. Malwal wuxuu ka mid ahaa aasaasayaashii Southern Front, wuxuu ka tirsanaa Golaha Qaranka, wuxuuna soo qabtay xilal wasiirnimo. Wuxuu u ololeyn jiray siyaasadaha dhaqanka, warfaafinta iyo horumarinta dhaqaalaha kahor iyo intii lagu jiray [[Gaafar Nimeiry era|xilligii Gaafar Nimeiry]]. Waxa kale oo uu si weyn loogu xasuustaa inuu iscasilay isagoo ka mudaaharaadaya hirgelinta [[September 1983 Laws|shareecada Islaamka]] iyo in Carabiga laga dhigo luqadda rasmiga ah ee Suudaan kadib [[National Reconciliation (Sudan)|Dib-u-heshiisiintii Qaranka ee 1977]], ka hor inta uusan markii dambe ku biirin dowladda [[Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (1972–1983)|Gobolka Ismaamulka Koonfurta Suudaan]]. Intii lagu jiray 1990-meeyadii, isagoo ku jiray is-musaafurin, wuxuu si xooggan uga hadlay [[human right abuses in Sudan|xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha ee Suudaan]]. Wuxuu door ka qaatay [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement|wadaxaajoodyadii nabadda]] iyo [[2011 South Sudanese independence referendum|madax-bannaanida Koonfur Suudaan]], mararka qaarna wuxuu la safnaa shaqsiyaad muran dhaliyay sida [[Omar al-Bashir]], oo ay [[International Criminal Court]] u raadineyso doorkiisii [[Darfur genocide (2003–2005)|xasuuqii Darfur]]. U doodistiisa aayo-ka-tashiga Koonfur Suudaan iyo dhaliilihiisa ku wajahan hoggaamiyeyaasha waqooyiga iyo koonfurta labadaba waxay dhalisay muranno, oo ay ka mid yihiin eedeymo ku saabsan inuu sii huriyay xiisadaha qowmiyadeed iyo inuu ku lug yeeshay khilaafaad iyo hadallo kala qaybin abuura, oo ay ku jiraan aragtidiisa ku aaddan qowmiyado kale. Qoyska Malwal weli waxay saameyn ku leeyihiin siyaasadda iyo diblomaasiyadda Koonfur Suudaan. ==Noloshiisii hore iyo waxbarashada== Bona Malwal Madut Ring<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Harir |first1=Sharif |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DC3VbsiakMIC&dq=%22Bona+Malwal%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA261 |title=Short-cut to Decay: The Case of the Sudan |last2=Tvedt |first2=Terje |date=1994 |publisher=Nordic Africa Institute |isbn=978-91-7106-346-5 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|page=261}} wuxuu ku dhashay 1928 degmada [[Twic State|Twic Mayardit County]], gobolka [[Bahr el Ghazal (region of South Sudan)|Bahr El Ghazal]], [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]] (oo maanta ka tirsan Koonfur Suudaan).<ref name=":12">{{Citation |last1=leriche |first1=john|chapter=Bona, Malwal |date=1 January 2011 |chapter-url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-0367;jsessionid=4022BEEF02E449DCF5867B71C4CB382E |title=Dictionary of African Biography |access-date=10 July 2023 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 |last2=matthew |first2=leriche|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wuxuu ka soo jeeday [[Dinka people|qowmiyadda Dinka]], wuxuuna ahaa wiilka caaqil Dinka ah oo ka soo jeeday [[Gogrial West County|Gogrial]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ryle |first=John |date=12 October 1999 |title=Ranald Boyle |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/oct/12/guardianobituaries3 |access-date=20 July 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=24 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124180505/https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/oct/12/guardianobituaries3 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep39825 |title=A Personal Perspective on the Ngok-Twic Conflict in Abyei |last=Deng |first=Francis Mading |date=2022 |publisher=Sudd Institute}}</ref> Malwal wuxuu sannadkii 1963 ku qaatay deeq waxbarasho diblooma saxaafadeed oo uu ka qaatay Indiana University Bloomington,<ref name=":12" /> kadibna wuxuu qaatay shahaadada koowaad ee dhaqaalaha iyo shahaadada [[Master of Arts]] ee saxaafadda iyo isgaarsiinta, labadaba wuxuu ka qaatay [[Columbia University]] sannadkii 1969.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Malwal, Bona |url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n82047141.html |access-date=20 July 2023 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> ==Shaqadiisii saxaafadda== Sannadihii hore ee shaqadiisa, wuxuu ahaa Sarkaal Warfaafineed oo ka shaqeeyay [[Wau, South Sudan|Wau]] intii u dhaxaysay 1951 iyo 1961. Kadibna Malwal wuxuu u wareegay saxaafadda, isagoo sannadkii 1961 ku biiray guddiga tafatirka ee wargeyska dowladda ee ''Sudan Daily''. == Tixraacyo == <references /> 7cqh33v9rpt3r16f8hwx6twer8he1oo Rebecca Joshua Okwaci 0 48470 300983 300563 2026-07-07T13:41:04Z Robertjamal12 45175 300983 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rebecca Joshua Okwaci at ITU PP14.jpg|thumb|right|250px]] '''Rebecca Joshua Okwaci''' waa siyaasi u dhalatay [[South Sudan]], xildhibaan ka tirsan Baarlamaanka, isla markaana ah Madaxa Garabka Xildhibaannada (Chief Whip) ee xisbiga talada haya ee SPLM ee Golaha Sharci-dejinta Qaranka ee Ku-meel-gaarka ah laga bilaabo 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-27|title=Kiir appoints Rebecca Okwaci as SPLM's Chief Whip|url=https://www.eyeradio.org/kiir-appoints-rebecca-okwaci-as-splms-chief-whip/|access-date=2023-01-03|website=Eye Radio|language=en-US}}</ref> Waxay hore u soo noqotay Wasiirka Isgaarsiinta iyo Adeegyada Boostada, sidoo kale waxay ahayd Wasiirka Waddooyinka iyo Buundooyinka ee Dowladda Jamhuuriyadda Koonfur Suudaan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inclusivesecurity.org/experts/rebecca-okwaci/|title=RebeccaJoshua Okwaci - Inclusive Security|author=|date=|website=inclusivesecurity.org|accessdate=4 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/women-in-leadership/2013/dec/06/rebecca-okwaci-south-sudan-role-model|title=Why Rebecca Okwaci should be the role model for girls around the world|first=Jess|last=Matthias|date=6 December 2013|publisher=www.theguardian.com|accessdate=4 November 2017}}</ref> Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inay tahay "u ololeeye firfircoon oo nabadda ah iyo qof si weyn ugu dooda doorka haweenka ee nabadda." Waxay sidoo kale ka mid tahay aasaasayaashii ururro dhowr ah oo haweenka Suudaan, Koonfur Suudaan iyo Afrika oo dhan ka shaqeeya, waxaana ka mid ah inay ahayd Xoghayaha Guud ee Women Action for Development. Bishii Diseembar 2013, Jess Mathias oo ka tirsan [[The Guardian]] ayaa ku tilmaamay inay tahay tusaale ku dayasho mudan oo gabdhaha da'da yar ay ku dayan karaan, halkii ay ka dooran lahaayeen haween caan ah sida [[Rihanna]] iyo [[Beyoncé]]. == Waxbarashada == Okwaci waxay shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaadatay luqadda Ingiriisiga, suugaanta iyo turjumaadda oo ay ka baratay [[Alexandria University]] ee Masar. Waxay markii dambe shahaadada Master-ka ee horumarinta isgaarsiinta ka qaadatay [[Daystar University]] ee Kenya. == Saxaafadda == Intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Labaad ee Suudaan sannadkii 1986, Okwaci waxay ku biirtay [[Sudan People's Liberation Movement]], oo markaas la aasaasay, waxayna bilowday inay saxafiyad ka noqoto [[Radio SPLA]], halkaas oo loogu bixiyay naanaysta "Codkii Kacaanka". == Tixraacyo == 16uiqr116ktgpz3e8481y2vfddooaa6 Siciid Deni 0 48595 300970 2026-07-07T13:24:26Z Isma4l 41797 Isma4l la wareejiyay bogga [[Siciid Deni]] ilaa [[Siciid Cabdulaahi Deni]] iyadoo la dul mariyay sii toosin: Dib u celi 300970 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Siciid Cabdulaahi Deni]] dfbak8wtz34c0tgp51ubaab91lauc01 Template:Script/Arabic 10 48596 300975 2026-07-07T13:35:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{|safesubst:}}}ifsubst|1=|2=<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />}}<span class="script-arabic script-Arab" {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|lang="{{{lang}}}"}} {{#ifeq: {{{no_rtl_mark|+}}} | {{{no_rtl_mark|-}}}||dir="rtl"}} style="font-size: {{{size|125%}}}; {{{style|}}}" {{{attributes|}}}>{{{1}}}</span>{{#ifeq: {{{no_rtl_mark|+}}} | {{{no_rtl_mark|-}}}||&lrm;}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 6tcygykkf1rmqkm53k9jhb1p2862872 Template:Script/styles arabic.css 10 48597 300976 2026-07-07T13:35:47Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: /* {{pp-template}} */ .script-arabic { font-family: 'Scheherazade New', Lateef, LateefGR, 'Noto Naskh Arabic', 'Microsoft Uighur', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arabic Typesetting', Amiri, 'Sakkal Majalla', 'Harmattan', 'SF Arabic', 'Arabic Transparent', 'Times New Roman', Arial, Parastoo, Calibri, 'Segoe UI', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Droid Arabic Naskh', serif, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; } 300976 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .script-arabic { font-family: 'Scheherazade New', Lateef, LateefGR, 'Noto Naskh Arabic', 'Microsoft Uighur', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arabic Typesetting', Amiri, 'Sakkal Majalla', 'Harmattan', 'SF Arabic', 'Arabic Transparent', 'Times New Roman', Arial, Parastoo, Calibri, 'Segoe UI', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Droid Arabic Naskh', serif, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; } k955wxn9gcjmkbfxdtvnvo1nlxtvbel Webiga Amanzimtoti 0 48598 300985 2026-07-07T13:45:43Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Amanzimtoti | name_other = aManzimtoti | image = Amanzimtoti River mid 08 05 2010.JPG | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = Webiga Amanzimtoti oo ku yaal goobta baabuurta la dhigto ee hoose ee Ilanda Wilds | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [... 300985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Amanzimtoti | name_other = aManzimtoti | image = Amanzimtoti River mid 08 05 2010.JPG | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = Webiga Amanzimtoti oo ku yaal goobta baabuurta la dhigto ee hoose ee Ilanda Wilds | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Goobta | subdivision_name2 = [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | etymology = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = }} '''Webiga Amanzimtoti''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Webiga aManzimtoti''' (kaas oo ah magaciisa rasmiga ah), waa webi gaaban oo ku yaal gobolka [[KwaZulu-Natal]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]], kaas oo ka soo bilaabma waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Adams Mission]], wuxuuna dhex maraa magaalada [[eManzimtoti]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. [[N2 (South Africa)|N2]] ayaa ka gudubta webiga wax yar ka hor inta uusan ku shubin [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]]. (Isuduwayaasha afka webiga fiiri [[Manzimtoti Lagoon]]). Webigu wuxuu kaloo dhex maraa biyo-dhaca barakaysan ee Adams Mission. == Etymology == Boqorka [[Zulu language|Zulu]] [[Shaka]] ayaa la sheegay inuu u bixiyay magaca webiga ka dib markii uu cabbay biyaha oo uu ku dhawaaqay af [[Zulu language|isiZulu]] "Kanti amanzi mtoti" oo macnihiisu yahay "Marka, biyuhu waa macaan yihiin". Webiga ayaa dadka Ingiriiska ku hadla u yaqaan Amanzimtoti ("Biyo Macaan"). Ereyga Zulu ee "macaan" waa mnandi, laakiin hooyada Shaka magaceedu wuxuu ahaa Nandi, sidaas darteed waxaa la sheegay inuu ikhtiraacay erayga 'toti' si uu u beddelo mnandi, si uusan u isticmaalin magaca hooyadiis. Dhawaan waxaa la soo jeediyay in si rasmi ah loo beddelo magaca loona dhigo '''aManzamtoti''' si uu si sax ah uga tarjumo ku dhawaaqida iyo higgaadinta isiZulu, inkasta oo dad badan oo Amanzimtoti deggan ay weli webiga ugu yeeraan Webiga Amanzimtoti, Webiga Manzimtoti ama si fudud Webiga Toti. Soo jeedin kale oo dhawaanahan timid, oo aan caan ahayn, oo ku saabsan asalka magaca webiga ayaa ah erayga isiZulu 'udoti' oo macnihiisu yahay wasakh, kaas oo aad ugu dhow 'toti', iyo in magacu uu dhab ahaantii macnihiisu yahay "Biyo Wasakhaysan".<ref>M.Purves, 2010</ref> == Taariikh == Webiga ayaa mar ahaan jiray mid ay hareereeyeen dhulal dhiin ah iyo cawska biyaha, laakiin kuwaas waxaa la buuxiyay si loo dhiso xarunta magaalada iyo goob qashin qub ah. Qashin qubkii ayaa markii dambe la daboolay waxaana laga dhigay garoomo isboorti. Waqti hore waxay suurtogal ahayd in dooni lagu safro laga bilaabo xarunta magaalada ilaa Hotelka River Gardens, kaas oo ahaa hawl caan ah oo Axadaha la qaban jiray. Dhoobooyinka ayaa ugu dambeyntii ka dhigay hawshan mid aan suurtogal ahayn, ilaa webiga dhowr jeer la qoday 1990-meeyadii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, habka qodista ayaa qaar ka mid ah ilaalinta deegaanka u arkeen inuu yahay mid waxyeello leh, qaarna u arkeen inuu yahay mid qaali ah. Webiga ayaa mar kale ku dhoobay qayb weyn. Webiga ayaa hadda qayb ka mid ah hareereeyay kayd dabiici ah oo la yiraahdo [[Ilanda Wilds]]. Webiga iyo kaydka dabiiciga ah ayaa hoy u ah noocyo badan oo naadir ah oo halis ku jira, iyo [[biodiversity|kala duwanaanshaha noolaha]] oo sarreeya marka la barbardhigo baaxadda aagga. Webiga ayaa ku yaal dhulka sonkorta ee Sawpits Area ee Umbumbulu ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Adams Mission. <gallery mode="packed"> File:Amanzimtoti Lagoon 2.JPG|aManzimtoti Lagoon File:Amanzimtoti River Ilanda.JPG|aManzimtoti River at [[Ilanda Wilds]] </gallery> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{coord|30|03|S|30|53|E|display=title|region:ZA_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} d28vq5f7asvixpmgifkbgws3vqlfdah 300986 300985 2026-07-07T13:45:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* Asalka magaca */ 300986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Amanzimtoti | name_other = aManzimtoti | image = Amanzimtoti River mid 08 05 2010.JPG | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = Webiga Amanzimtoti oo ku yaal goobta baabuurta la dhigto ee hoose ee Ilanda Wilds | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Goobta | subdivision_name2 = [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | etymology = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = }} '''Webiga Amanzimtoti''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Webiga aManzimtoti''' (kaas oo ah magaciisa rasmiga ah), waa webi gaaban oo ku yaal gobolka [[KwaZulu-Natal]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]], kaas oo ka soo bilaabma waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Adams Mission]], wuxuuna dhex maraa magaalada [[eManzimtoti]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. [[N2 (South Africa)|N2]] ayaa ka gudubta webiga wax yar ka hor inta uusan ku shubin [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]]. (Isuduwayaasha afka webiga fiiri [[Manzimtoti Lagoon]]). Webigu wuxuu kaloo dhex maraa biyo-dhaca barakaysan ee Adams Mission. == Asalka magaca == Boqorka [[Zulu language|Zulu]] [[Shaka]] ayaa la sheegay inuu u bixiyay magaca webiga ka dib markii uu cabbay biyaha oo uu ku dhawaaqay af [[Zulu language|isiZulu]] "Kanti amanzi mtoti" oo macnihiisu yahay "Marka, biyuhu waa macaan yihiin". Webiga ayaa dadka Ingiriiska ku hadla u yaqaan Amanzimtoti ("Biyo Macaan"). Ereyga Zulu ee "macaan" waa mnandi, laakiin hooyada Shaka magaceedu wuxuu ahaa Nandi, sidaas darteed waxaa la sheegay inuu ikhtiraacay erayga 'toti' si uu u beddelo mnandi, si uusan u isticmaalin magaca hooyadiis. Dhawaan waxaa la soo jeediyay in si rasmi ah loo beddelo magaca loona dhigo '''aManzamtoti''' si uu si sax ah uga tarjumo ku dhawaaqida iyo higgaadinta isiZulu, inkasta oo dad badan oo Amanzimtoti deggan ay weli webiga ugu yeeraan Webiga Amanzimtoti, Webiga Manzimtoti ama si fudud Webiga Toti. Soo jeedin kale oo dhawaanahan timid, oo aan caan ahayn, oo ku saabsan asalka magaca webiga ayaa ah erayga isiZulu 'udoti' oo macnihiisu yahay wasakh, kaas oo aad ugu dhow 'toti', iyo in magacu uu dhab ahaantii macnihiisu yahay "Biyo Wasakhaysan".<ref>M.Purves, 2010</ref> == Taariikh == Webiga ayaa mar ahaan jiray mid ay hareereeyeen dhulal dhiin ah iyo cawska biyaha, laakiin kuwaas waxaa la buuxiyay si loo dhiso xarunta magaalada iyo goob qashin qub ah. Qashin qubkii ayaa markii dambe la daboolay waxaana laga dhigay garoomo isboorti. Waqti hore waxay suurtogal ahayd in dooni lagu safro laga bilaabo xarunta magaalada ilaa Hotelka River Gardens, kaas oo ahaa hawl caan ah oo Axadaha la qaban jiray. Dhoobooyinka ayaa ugu dambeyntii ka dhigay hawshan mid aan suurtogal ahayn, ilaa webiga dhowr jeer la qoday 1990-meeyadii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, habka qodista ayaa qaar ka mid ah ilaalinta deegaanka u arkeen inuu yahay mid waxyeello leh, qaarna u arkeen inuu yahay mid qaali ah. Webiga ayaa mar kale ku dhoobay qayb weyn. Webiga ayaa hadda qayb ka mid ah hareereeyay kayd dabiici ah oo la yiraahdo [[Ilanda Wilds]]. Webiga iyo kaydka dabiiciga ah ayaa hoy u ah noocyo badan oo naadir ah oo halis ku jira, iyo [[biodiversity|kala duwanaanshaha noolaha]] oo sarreeya marka la barbardhigo baaxadda aagga. Webiga ayaa ku yaal dhulka sonkorta ee Sawpits Area ee Umbumbulu ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Adams Mission. <gallery mode="packed"> File:Amanzimtoti Lagoon 2.JPG|aManzimtoti Lagoon File:Amanzimtoti River Ilanda.JPG|aManzimtoti River at [[Ilanda Wilds]] </gallery> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{coord|30|03|S|30|53|E|display=title|region:ZA_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} f3eofyvw6n107otfkfgy7xexz9v15ps Blesbokspruit 0 48599 300988 2026-07-07T13:48:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | map = | extra = | custom_data = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Blesbokspruit | designation1_date = 2 Oktoobar 1986 | designation1_number = 343<ref>{{Cite web|title=Blesbokspruit|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/343|accessdate=25 Abriil 2018}}</ref>}} | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-26.6001|28.2898|format=dms|region:ZA|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map = South Africa | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Gauteng]] | mouth = [[Suikerbosrand River|Webiga Suikerbosrand]] | custom_label = Heerka ilaalinta | image = Marievale, Gauteng.jpg }} '''Blesbokspruit''' waa webi ku yaal [[Gauteng]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] kaas oo ka soo bilaabma waqooyiga [[Daveyton]], halkaas oo uu u qulqulo koonfur ka dibna galbeedka dhanka magaalooyinka [[Springs, Gauteng|Springs]], [[Nigel, Gauteng|Nigel]] iyo [[Heidelberg]] ka hor inta uusan ku biirin [[Suikerbosrand River|Webiga Suikerbosrand]], oo ah laan ka mid ah [[Vaal River|Webiga Vaal]]. [[Marievale Bird Sanctuary|Kaydka Shimbiraha ee Marievale]] wuxuu ku yaallaa qaybtiisa sare, kaas oo la aasaasay markii waddooyinka iyo dhuumaha ay gaareen miinooyinka u dhow sannadkii 1930. Aag dhan 1,848 hektar ayaa loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay [[Ramsar site|goob Ramsar]] si looga hortago wasakhda warshadaha ee [[wetland|dhulka qoyan]], waxaana loo magacaabay [[Important Bird Area|Aag Shimbireed Muhiim ah]]. == Kala duwanaanshaha noolaha == {{main|Marievale Bird Sanctuary}} Dhirta iyo xayawaanka laga heli karo dhulka qoyan ee Blesbokspruit waxaa ka mid ah heron, bulrushes, cawska [[phragmites]], [[yellow-billed duck|digaagga af-jaallaha ah]], [[marsh mongoose|mongoose-ka dhulka qoyan]] iyo jiirarka waaweyn ee bullfrogs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marievale Bird Sanctuary: Gauteng Tourism Authority |url=https://www.gauteng.net/attractions/marievale_bird_sanctuary |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.gauteng.net |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Marievale Bird Sanctuary |url=https://www.nigel.co.za/marievale/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.nigel.co.za}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} saado5ry2sk6nwopsuqyqyu6s80f9bg Solomon Abera 0 48600 300991 2026-07-07T13:50:05Z Ayanfo189 46015 Bog cusub: '''Solomon Abera Haile''' (1968–2011) wuxuu ahaa u-doodaha [[xorriyadda saxaafadda]] iyo dhaleeceeye dowladda [[Isaias Afewerki|Afewerki]]. Waxa uu u dhintay [[kansar]] bishii Diseembar 2011. == Noloshii Eritrea == Ka hor inta uusan noqon saxafi, Abera wuxuu ahaa shaqaale warshadda dharka ka shaqeeya. Ka dib [[Dagaalkii Xorriyadda Eritrea]] sanadkii 1991, wuxuu ka shaqeeyay Wasaaradda Warfaafinta ee dowladda cusub ee Eritrea.<ref name="raimoq">{{cite web|url=http://www.raimoq.... 300991 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Solomon Abera Haile''' (1968–2011) wuxuu ahaa u-doodaha [[xorriyadda saxaafadda]] iyo dhaleeceeye dowladda [[Isaias Afewerki|Afewerki]]. Waxa uu u dhintay [[kansar]] bishii Diseembar 2011. == Noloshii Eritrea == Ka hor inta uusan noqon saxafi, Abera wuxuu ahaa shaqaale warshadda dharka ka shaqeeya. Ka dib [[Dagaalkii Xorriyadda Eritrea]] sanadkii 1991, wuxuu ka shaqeeyay Wasaaradda Warfaafinta ee dowladda cusub ee Eritrea.<ref name="raimoq">{{cite web|url=http://www.raimoq.com/articels_eng/2011_eng/12_dec_2011_eng/Solomon_Abera_a_scab_and_a_traitor_has_died-ZS.pdffid=9&tid=2840&page=lastpost&fpage=1|title=Obituary: Solomon Abera, a scab and a traitor has died|last1=Solomon|first1=Zerai|date=12 December 2011|publisher=|accessdate=10 May 2012}}{{dead link|date=May 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> 18 Sebteembar 2001, Abera wuxuu ahaa akhriyaha wararka ee telefishinka dowladda, isagoo ku dhawaaqay dhammaadka saxaafaddii madaxbannaanayd ee Eritrea iyo xarigga tifaftirayaashii hormuudka ka ahaa wargeysyada madaxbannaan iyo mucaaradka xisbiga talada haya. Isagoo ka jawaabaya cabsi-gelinta iyo faafreebka sii kordhaya ee dowladda, Abera wuxuu ka cararay Eritrea sanadkii 2005.<ref name="CPJ">{{cite web|url=http://cpj.org/blog/2011/12/abera-voiced-death-of-eritrean-press-reported-from.php#more|title=Solomon Abera, who voiced end of Eritrean free press, dies|publisher=Chromite to Project Journalists|date=December 2, 2011|accessdate=May 10, 2012|author=Keita, Mohamed}}</ref> ksy98wxskuk9jwk4ifyl0p120akt9om 300993 300991 2026-07-07T13:50:25Z Ayanfo189 46015 300993 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Solomon Abera Haile''' (1968–2011) wuxuu ahaa u-doodaha [[xorriyadda saxaafadda]] iyo dhaleeceeye dowladda [[Isaias Afewerki|Afewerki]]. Waxa uu u dhintay [[kansar]] bishii Diseembar 2011. == Noloshii Eritrea == Ka hor inta uusan noqon saxafi, Abera wuxuu ahaa shaqaale warshadda dharka ka shaqeeya. Ka dib [[Dagaalkii Xorriyadda Eritrea]] sanadkii 1991, wuxuu ka shaqeeyay Wasaaradda Warfaafinta ee dowladda cusub ee Eritrea.<ref name="raimoq">{{cite web|url=http://www.raimoq.com/articels_eng/2011_eng/12_dec_2011_eng/Solomon_Abera_a_scab_and_a_traitor_has_died-ZS.pdffid=9&tid=2840&page=lastpost&fpage=1|title=Obituary: Solomon Abera, a scab and a traitor has died|last1=Solomon|first1=Zerai|date=12 December 2011|publisher=|accessdate=10 May 2012}}{{dead link|date=May 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> 18 Sebteembar 2001, Abera wuxuu ahaa akhriyaha wararka ee telefishinka dowladda, isagoo ku dhawaaqay dhammaadka saxaafaddii madaxbannaanayd ee Eritrea iyo xarigga tifaftirayaashii hormuudka ka ahaa wargeysyada madaxbannaan iyo mucaaradka xisbiga talada haya. Isagoo ka jawaabaya cabsi-gelinta iyo faafreebka sii kordhaya ee dowladda, Abera wuxuu ka cararay Eritrea sanadkii 2005.<ref name="CPJ">{{cite web|url=http://cpj.org/blog/2011/12/abera-voiced-death-of-eritrean-press-reported-from.php#more|title=Solomon Abera, who voiced end of Eritrean free press, dies|publisher=Chromite to Project Journalists|date=December 2, 2011|accessdate=May 10, 2012|author=Keita, Mohamed}}</ref> Qurbajoog Kadib markii uu ka baxay Eritrea, wuxuu noqday dhaleeceeye firfircoon oo dowladda Afewerki ku weerara bogag badan oo ay leeyihiin qurbajoogta Eritrea, isla markaana wuxuu u ololeeyay xorriyadda saxaafadda.[1] Sanadkii 2009 wuxuu bilaabay inuu la shaqeeyo Free Press Unlimited, isagoo bixiyay tababaro badan iyo howlgallo goobeed.[2] Sanadkii 2011, Abera wuxuu ka mid ahaa koox saxafiyiin Eritrean ah oo qurbaha ku nool oo la kulmay Ra’iisul Wasaarihii Itoobiya Meles Zenawi.[1][3] Dhaliilo Dadka dhaliila Abera waxay ku eedeeyeen inuu ahaa sirdoon iyo la-shaqeeye la ahaa dowladda Itoobiya, gaar ahaan nidaamkii Derg, intii uu socday Dagaalkii Xorriyadda Eritrea.[4] Tixraacyo ey0bl7upu09jgleffikzdhpea5gytq0 300994 300993 2026-07-07T13:51:30Z Ayanfo189 46015 300994 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Solomon Abera Haile''' (1968–2011) wuxuu ahaa u-doodaha [[xorriyadda saxaafadda]] iyo dhaleeceeye dowladda [[Isaias Afewerki|Afewerki]]. Waxa uu u dhintay [[kansar]] bishii Diseembar 2011. == Noloshii Eritrea == Ka hor inta uusan noqon saxafi, Abera wuxuu ahaa shaqaale warshadda dharka ka shaqeeya. Ka dib [[Dagaalkii Xorriyadda Eritrea]] sanadkii 1991, wuxuu ka shaqeeyay Wasaaradda Warfaafinta ee dowladda cusub ee Eritrea.<ref name="raimoq">{{cite web|url=http://www.raimoq.com/articels_eng/2011_eng/12_dec_2011_eng/Solomon_Abera_a_scab_and_a_traitor_has_died-ZS.pdffid=9&tid=2840&page=lastpost&fpage=1|title=Obituary: Solomon Abera, a scab and a traitor has died|last1=Solomon|first1=Zerai|date=12 December 2011|publisher=|accessdate=10 May 2012}}{{dead link|date=May 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> 18 Sebteembar 2001, Abera wuxuu ahaa akhriyaha wararka ee telefishinka dowladda, isagoo ku dhawaaqay dhammaadka saxaafaddii madaxbannaanayd ee Eritrea iyo xarigga tifaftirayaashii hormuudka ka ahaa wargeysyada madaxbannaan iyo mucaaradka xisbiga talada haya. Isagoo ka jawaabaya cabsi-gelinta iyo faafreebka sii kordhaya ee dowladda, Abera wuxuu ka cararay Eritrea sanadkii 2005.<ref name="CPJ">{{cite web|url=http://cpj.org/blog/2011/12/abera-voiced-death-of-eritrean-press-reported-from.php#more|title=Solomon Abera, who voiced end of Eritrean free press, dies|publisher=Chromite to Project Journalists|date=December 2, 2011|accessdate=May 10, 2012|author=Keita, Mohamed}}</ref> == Qurbajoog == Kadib markii uu ka baxay Eritrea, wuxuu noqday dhaleeceeye firfircoon oo dowladda Afewerki ku weerara bogag badan oo ay leeyihiin qurbajoogta Eritrea, isla markaana wuxuu u ololeeyay xorriyadda saxaafadda. Sanadkii 2009 wuxuu bilaabay inuu la shaqeeyo Free Press Unlimited, isagoo bixiyay tababaro badan iyo howlgallo goobeed.[2] Sanadkii 2011, Abera wuxuu ka mid ahaa koox saxafiyiin Eritrean ah oo qurbaha ku nool oo la kulmay Ra’iisul Wasaarihii Itoobiya Meles Zenawi. == Dhaliilo == Dadka dhaliila Abera waxay ku eedeeyeen inuu ahaa sirdoon iyo la-shaqeeye la ahaa dowladda Itoobiya, gaar ahaan nidaamkii Derg, intii uu socday Dagaalkii Xorriyadda Eritrea. == Tixraacyo == j617lo4vqrtfm9r30mmakysjqvgb0y1 Webiga Blood 0 48601 300992 2026-07-07T13:50:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Blood River | native_name = {{native name list |tag1=zu|name1=Ncome |tag2=af|name2=Bloedrivier}} | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Blood River <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = Buuraleyda koonfur-bari ee [[Utrecht, KwaZulu-Natal|Utrecht]] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Buffalo River (KwaZulu-Natal)|Webiga Buffalo]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|27|50|56|S|30|35|35|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Blood River.jpg|thumb|264x264px|Sawir muujinaya Blood River iyo Buundada Dib-u-heshiisiinta oo ay dhistay dowladda.]] '''Blood River''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Webiga Ncome''' ({{langx|af|Bloedrivier}}; {{langx|zu|Ncome}}), wuxuu ku yaallaa inta u dhaxaysa [[Nquthu Local Municipality|Nquthu]] iyo [[Vryheid]] ee [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Webigan wuxuu isha ku hayaa buuraleyda koonfur-bari ee [[Utrecht, KwaZulu-Natal|Utrecht]]; isagoo ka baxaya dhulalka sare waxaa ku biira laba laamood oo muhiim ah oo ka soo jeeda [[Schurveberg]], ka dibna wuxuu ku dhex maraa meel fidsan oo ciid ah.<ref>[http://www.bgs.ac.uk/sadcreports/rsa1932humphreygeologyofvryheid.pdf The Geology of Vryheid]</ref> Blood River waa laan ka mid ah [[Buffalo River (KwaZulu-Natal)|Webiga Buffalo]], kaas oo ah laan ka mid ah [[Thukela River|Webiga Thukela]] oo uu kaga biiro dhanka waqooyi-bari.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA7Thukela.jpg Thukela WMA 7]</ref> Webigan waxaa loogu magac daray [[Battle of Blood River|Dagaalkii Blood River]] oo Boqorkii [[Zulu Kingdom|Zulu]] [[Dingane kaSenzangakhona|Dingane]] lagaga adkaaday [[Andries Pretorius]] iyo raggii uu waday 16 Diseembar 1838. Waxaa la sheegaa in biyuhu ay casaan noqdeen dhiiggii raggii Zulu ee halkaas ku dhintay ''si ballaaran''. Waxay ahayd dagaal dhex maray 464 Boers ah iyo in ka badan 30,000 amabutho.<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Tugela |volume=27 |page=364}}</ref> Dagaalka waxaa loo dabbaaldegi jiray fasax 16 Diseembar ah oo la yiraahdo ''Maalintii Dingane'' ({{langx|af|Dingaansdag}}), ka dibna [[Day of the Vow|Maalintii Dhaarashada]] ({{langx|af|Geloftedag}}) ee Koonfur Afrika oo ku hoos jirtay Apartheid, oo ah maalin sabti ah oo lagu xusuusanayo wixii Ilaah u qabtay, sidaas darteed magaca ''Dhaarashada''. Dadka Zulu waxaa loo yaqaanay maalintii Dingane.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/0018-2656.00148 | doi=10.1111/0018-2656.00148 | title=Johannes Nkosi and the Communist Party of South Africa: Images of 'Blood River' and King Dingane in the Late 1920s–1930 | date=2000 | last1=Ndlovu | first1=Sifiso Mxolisi | journal=History and Theory | volume=39 | issue=4 | pages=111–132 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> Sannadkii 1994, ka dib dhammaadkii [[Apartheid]], waxaa loo magacaabay [[Day of Reconciliation|Maalinta Dib-u-heshiisiinta]], oo ah fasax sannadle ah oo sidoo kale ku beegan 16 Diseembar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.info.gov.za/aboutsa/holidays.htm#16december |title=16 Diseembar (Maalinta Dib-u-heshiisiinta) |publisher=South African Government Information |access-date=2008-11-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081101165214/http://www.info.gov.za/aboutsa/holidays.htm |archive-date=1 Noofambar 2008 }}</ref> Blood River [[Vlei]], oo ku taal qiyaastii 20&nbsp;km koonfur-galbeed ee [[Vryheid]], waa mid ka mid ah [[wetland|dhulalka qoyan]] ee ugu weyn gudaha Koonfur Afrika iyo meesha jiilaalka ee shimbiraha socdaalka sida shinbiraha iyo goose-ka.<ref>[http://wetlands.sanbi.org/project_details.php?id=206 KZN North - Working for Wetlands] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918214947/http://wetlands.sanbi.org/project_details.php?id=206 |date=18 Sebteembar, 2012 }}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[List of rivers of South Africa|Liiska webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] == Maktabad == * Kajsa Norman, ''Bridge Over Blood River: The Rise and Fall of the Afrikaners'', Hurst and Company, London, 2016, {{ISBN|9781849046817}}. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category|Ncome River}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120309192352/http://birdingroutes.co.za/zululand/zbr-birding-sites-nw.html Goobaha shimbiraha ee North-West Zululand] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20101015203610/http://www.bloedrivier.org/ Websaydhka rasmiga ah ee Blood river Vow Committee], Blood river Vow Committee {{Authority control}} 0ff2wdyapy2bbd63mvc22j5el5wozkf Webiga Blyde 0 48602 300996 2026-07-07T13:52:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Motlatse | native_name = | name_other = Webiga Blyde | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = BlydeRiverSouthAfrica (7).JPG | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Motlatse oo maraya doox dhagax-sandstone ah oo ka hooseeya halka uu ku biiro [[Treur River|Treur]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta halka uu ku biiro Blyde-[[Olifants River (Limpopo)|Olifants]] <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobollada | subdivision_name2 = [[Mpumalanga]] & [[Limpopo]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Hartebeesvlakte]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|2000|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Olifants River (Limpopo)|Webiga Olifants]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|24|15|17|S|30|49|47|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|2842|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Motlatse'''<ref>[http://www.krugerpark.co.za/krugerpark-times-2-15-olifants-river-lepelle-20557.html Webiga Olifants waxaa hadda loo yaqaan Lepelle]</ref> ("Webiga Joogtada ah"), '''Webiga Blyde''' ({{langx|af|Blyderivier}} "Webiga Farxadda"), ama '''Webiga Umdhlazi'''<ref>{{cite book|last=Bulpin|first=T.V.|author-link=T. V. Bulpin|title=Lost Trails of the Lowveld |year=2012 |publisher=Protea |location=Pretoria |isbn=978-1-86919-555-7 |page=42}}</ref> waa webi ku yaal gobollada [[Mpumalanga]] iyo [[Limpopo]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa dhanka waqooyi isagoo maraya dooxooyin dhaadheer iyo meelo qotodheer oo ka tirsan [[Drakensberg]] ee Mpumalanga, ka hor inta uusan gelin gobolka [[Veld|lowveld]] ee gobolka Limpopo. Asalkiisu wuxuu ka bilaabmaa joog dhan 2,000 mitir oo ku yaal aagga ilaalinta [[Hartebeesvlakte]], waqooyiga [[Long Tom Pass]]. Wuxuu dhex maraa [[Blyde River Canyon|Dooxada Webiga Blyde]]. == Etymology == Magaca Blyde, oo macnihiisu yahay "farxad" ama "reynreyn"<ref>[https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames "Dictionary of Southern African Place Names" by RE Raper - HSRC]</ref> afka [[Afrikaans|Cape Dutch]], ayaa loo bixiyay intii lagu guda jiray safar [[voortrekker]]. Tani waxay dhacday 1844 markii [[Andries Hendrik Potgieter|Hendrik Potgieter]] iyo kuwo kale ay si nabad ah uga soo laabteen [[Maputo Bay|Delagoa Bay]] iyagoo u tagay inta kale ee kooxdooda oo u haystay inay dhinteen. Iyagoo wali ku jira faham-daradaas waxay magaca u bixiyeen webiga u dhow xeradooda, [[Treur River|Treurrivier]], ama 'webiga baroorta'. Magaca Motlatse waxaa la sheegaa inuu ka horeeyo magaca Blyde, wuxuuna ka dhigan yahay 'webi had iyo jeer buuxa' afka Sepulane.<ref>{{Citation | last = AENS | title = Blyde Canyon gets new name | page = 8 | newspaper = Daily Sun | date = 1 June 2005 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation | first = Elwyn | last = Jenkins | title = Falling into place: the story of modern South African place names | publisher = David Philip Publishers | year = 2007 | page = 75 }}</ref> == Kaydka biyaha == Laga soo bilaabo aagga qabashada biyaha ee 2,842 [[square kilometre|km²]], 220 km² waxaa loo qoondeeyay kaymo ganacsi, iyo ku dhawaad 1,399 km² waxay ka kooban yihiin kaymo asal ah.<ref name = IWMI/> Beeraha midhaha iyo dalagga ayaa laga aasaasay qaybta hoose ee Blyde qaybtii labaad ee qarnigii 20-aad, iyadoo 23,521 [[Hectare|ha]] loo qoondeeyay waraabinta sannadkii 1995.<ref name = IWMI/> Hartebeesvlakte, [[Mount Sheba Nature Reserve]], [[Blyde River Canyon Nature Reserve]] iyo [[Blyde-Olifants Conservancy]] ayaa ilaaliya qaybo kala duwan oo webiga ah. == Laamaha webiga == Gudaha [[Blyde River Canyon Nature Reserve]], waxaa ku biira webiyo ama durdurro dhowr ah. [[Treur River|Webiga Treur]] wuxuu ku biiraa Blyde meesha loo yaqaan [[Blyde River Canyon Nature Reserve#Bourke's Luck Potholes|Bourke's Luck Potholes]], qaybta sare ee dooxada. Marka la sii socdo, waxaa ku biira durdurrada Belvedere iyo Ga-nogakgolo. Xaruntii tamarta ee Belvedere (oo ku taal <small>{{coord|24|39|18|S|30|50|12|E| type:landmark_region:ZA | display=inline | name=Belvedere power station}}</small>) waxay ku taal halka ay isaga darsamaan Blyde iyo Belvedere. Laga soo bilaabo 1911<ref name=bdw>{{cite web|title=The Belvedere Day Walk |url=http://www.microhydropower.net/rsa/belvedere.php|work=Trails and walks |publisher= Mpumalanga Parks Board |access-date=24 December 2013}}</ref> ilaa 1992 waxay koronto biyo-dhaliye ah u siisay [[Pilgrim's Rest, Mpumalanga|Pilgrim's Rest]] iyo bulshooyinka ku dhow.<ref name=beeld>{{cite news|last=Viljoen |first=Buks |title='Sakesektor moet help met krag' |url=http://152.111.1.88/argief/berigte/beeld/2011/03/17/B3/6/Copy2ofbveksdom1750.html |access-date=24 December 2013 |newspaper=Beeld |date=17 March 2011 }}</ref> Jid socod maalinle ah oo qiyaastii 10 km ah ayaa u oggolaanaya booqdayaasha inay sahamiyaan aaggan.<ref name=bdw/><ref name=mo>{{cite web |title=Belvedere Day Hike |url=http://www.modernoverland.com/south-africa/mpumalanga/blyde-river-canyon/belvedere-day-hike/ |work=Blyde River Canyon: Sights & Activities |publisher=modernoverland.com |access-date=24 December 2013 }}</ref> [[Ohrigstad River|Webiga Ohrigstad]] wuxuu ku biiraa Webiga Blyde meesha loo yaqaan [[Blyderivierpoort Dam|Biyo-xireenka Blyderivierpoort]]. Webigu wuxuu u kala baxaa kanaallo waraab oo dhowr ah marka uu galo lowveld-ka. [[Sandspruit (Blyde)|Sandspruit]] waa laanta keliya ee muhiimka ah ee lowveld, meel u dhow halka uu ku biiro [[Olifants River (Limpopo)|Olifants]]. == Qulqulka iyo ka qayb qaadashada == [[file:Fanie Botha hiking .jpg|thumb|right|240px|Webiga Blyde wuxuu ka soo jeedaa dhulalka sare ee Hartebeesvlakte]] Webiyada [[Klein Olifants River|Klein Olifants]], [[Steelpoort River|Steelpoort]] iyo Blyde waa laamo koonfureed oo ka mid ah [[Olifants River (Limpopo)|Webiga Olifants]], kaas oo gala [[Kruger National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Kruger]] iyo kaydka gaarka loo leeyahay ee ku dhow, ugu dambayntiina ka gudba xadka [[Mozambique]], halkaas oo uu ku qulqulo [[Massingir Dam|Biyo-xireenka Massingir]]. Wax ku biirinta sanadlaha ah ee Blyde ee Olifants waa 436 milyan [[cubic metre|m<sup>3</sup>]] oo biyo ah,<ref name=IWMI>{{Citation | last = International Water Management Institute (IWMI) | author-link = International Water Management Institute | publisher = waternetonline | title = Olifants River Basin in South Africa | url = http://www.waternetonline.ihe.nl/challengeprogram/AR15%20CP17-Baseline%20study%20Olifants.pdf | page = 37 | date = September 2008 }}</ref><ref>WSAM database - Schultz and Watson, 2002</ref> waa qayb muhiim ah oo ay sababtay isku darka roobabka relatiif ahaan sarreeya iyo uumiga hooseeya ee aagga qabashada biyaha.<ref name=IWMI/> == Noocyada kalluunka == Kalluunka qalaad sida [[smallmouth bass]], [[largemouth bass]], [[brown trout]] iyo [[rainbow trout]] ayaa ka jira webiga, kuwaas oo yareeyay baaxadda [[Treur River barb|Treur River barb]]-ka deegaanka ee qaybaha sare ee nidaamka Webiga Blyde.<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Roux, F. |author2=Hoffman, A. |date=2017 |title=''Enteromius treurensis'' |volume=2017 |article-number=e.T2572A100159826 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2572A100159826.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> Waad ku mahadsantahay dib-u-soo-celinta ka dib dib-u-helitaankooda 1970-yadii, Treur River barb hadda way barwaaqoobayaan.<ref name=srr>{{cite web |title=The Olifants River System, Ecoregions 4.03 & 4.05 |url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco_4.03.html |work=State of the Rivers Report, South African River Health Programme |publisher=Water Affairs }}</ref> Kalluunka buurta Natal, ''[[Amphilius]] natalensis'', wuxuu u dhacaa sidii dad gooni ah oo ka mid ah nidaamka [[Limpopo River|Limpopo]], iyo durdurka Belvedere waa meesha keliya ee nidaamka Limpopo ee laga helo [[Rosefin barb]], ''Barbus argenteus''.<ref name=srr/> [[Smallscale yellowfish]] iyo [[largescale yellowfish]] ayaa sidoo kale laga helaa qaybaha hoose ee webiga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maimela |first1=Lerato T |last2=Chimimba |first2=Christian T |last3=Zengeya |first3=Tsungai A |title=The effect of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) invasions on native fish communities in the subtropical Blyde River, Mpumalanga province, South Africa |journal=African Journal of Aquatic Science |date=2 January 2022 |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=78–87 |doi=10.2989/16085914.2021.1949260}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Roux |first=Francois |date=2006 |title=Reproduction strategy of the smallscale yellowfish (Labeobarbus polylepis) and breeding behaviour in the Blyde and Spekboom Rivers |degree=PhD |publisher=University of Johannesburg}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category|Blyde River}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120306135413/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Benchmark_Basins/Olifants.aspx Dooxada Webiga Olifants, Koonfur Afrika] sfvqlzjfzb1dtjkksofa6cep3w41t0b Webiga Hluhluwe 0 48603 300998 2026-07-07T13:55:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Hluhluwe | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Hluhluwe-Rhinos-and-Lions.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = Leexinka webiga oo qallalan gudaha [[Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu ka dhasho webiga ee Koonfur Afrika <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|28|02|23|S|32|21|31|E|display=inline,title|region:ZA_type:river}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Hluhluwe''' wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa [[Hluhluwe Game Reserve]], [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Wuxuu ka kaco degmada [[Nongoma Local Municipality|Nongoma]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhanka waqooyi-bari isagoo maraya [[Hlabisa]]<ref name=raper>{{cite book |last=Raper |first=P. E. |title=Hluhluwe (N 2831/2832) |url=https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt |work=Dictionary of Southern African Place Names |access-date=28 October 2013}}</ref> iyo [[Hluhluwe Dam|Biyo-xireenka Hluhluwe]], intaas ka dib wuxuu la midoobaa [[Nyalazi River|Webiga Nyalazi]] si uu u noqdo [[St Lucia River|Webiga St Lucia]] ee ku yaal harada [[St Lucia]]. Magaciisu wuxuu ka soo jeedaa geedka [[Dalbergia armata|Hluhluwe creeper]], oo loo yaqaan ''umHluhluwe'' afka [[Zulu language|Zulu]], kaas oo ka baxa xeebaha webiga.<ref name=raper/> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 6k1tw2f6yx0407pr1pikdxhapy9h8q9 Webiga Hex 0 48604 300999 2026-07-07T13:58:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 300999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Hex | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = ''Hexrivier'' | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka ka galo webiga Hex <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobolka | subdivision_name3 = [[Western Cape]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = Hex Pass | source1_location = Buuraha Bonteberg | source1_coordinates= {{coord|33|24|5|S|19|44|58|E}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1000|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Breede River|Webiga Breede]] | mouth_location = u dhow [[Worcester, Western Cape|Worcester]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|33|41|45|S|19|27|13|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|201|m|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Hex''' waa laan ka mid ah [[Breede River|Webiga Breede]] oo ku yaal [[Western Cape]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Degmooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee webiga ku teedsan waa magaalooyinka yaryar ee [[De Doorns]] iyo [[Touws River (town)|Touws River]]. == Sharraxaad == Isha webiga Hex waxay ku taal dhanka koonfureed ee Buuraha Bonteberg oo jooggoodu yahay qiyaastii 1000 mitir meel u dhow Hex Pass, taas oo u gudubta dhanka [[Karoo|Great Karoo]]. Gobolkan, wuxuu ka samaysmaa isku darka dhowr durdurro buuraley ah oo yaryar. Buuraha halkan ku yaal waxaa laga yaabaa inay baraf ku dahaaranaan xilliga jiilaalka. Dooxadiisa ballaaran waxaa inta badan hareereeya safaf buuro ah. Webiga Hex wuxuu ku biiraa Webiga Breede meel aan ka fogayn magaalada [[Worcester, Western Cape|Worcester]] oo dhanka waqooyi ka xigta [[Brandvlei Dam|Biyo-xireenka Brandvlei]].<ref name="DWAF State of Rivers Report">Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF): [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/WCape/Breede2011.pdf ''State of Rivers Report: Rivers of the Breede Water Management Area 2011'']. from ''www.dwaf.gov.za'' (PDF).</ref> Dooxadu waa mid ka mid ah gobollada ugu biyaha badan ee Western Cape, iyadoo ay weheliso dhowr dooxooyin kale. Xaaladahan waxaa sabab u ah durdurrada buuraleyda ee joogtada ah ee ka jira [[Hex River Mountains|Buuraha Hex River]] iyo Buuraha Kwadouws oo roobab badan helaan. Dadka soo galootiga ah ee ka yimid [[Europe|Yurub]] oo dib u degaamaynta dooxadan kaga daahday inkasta oo ay xaaladaha beerashadu wanaagsanaayeen, waxaa sabab u ahaa goobta juqraafiyeed ee aan wanaagsanayn.<ref name="Molter 144">Traugott Molter: ''Wasserhaushalt und Bewässerungsfeldbau im Kapland''. Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden 1966, S. 144.</ref> Dooxada Webiga Hex waxay leedahay 5,200 acres oo dhul beerasho ah oo waraab ah, kaas oo qiyaastii 86 boqolkiiba loo isticmaalo beerashada [[lemon|liin dhanaanta]]. Intaa waxaa dheer, qiyaastii 450 ceel ayaa loo isticmaalaa in laga soo saaro [[groundwater|biyaha dhulka hoostiisa]], iyadoo celcelis ahaan qulqulka uu yahay 5 litir ilbiriqsi kasta.<ref>G. Papini (Groundwater Consulting Services), Republic of South Africa – Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF): [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/WCape/Breede2011.pdf ''Breede River Basin Study. Groundwater Assessment'']. Rivonia, Mai 2003, online auf www.dwaf.gov.za (englisch, PDF), PDF-Dokument S. 73.</ref> Laamaha muhiimka ah ee Webiga Hex waa Webiga Amandels iyo Webiga Sanddrift.<ref name="DWAF State of Rivers Report" /> == Dhaqanka iyo taariikhda degaamaynta dooxada == Degaannadii ugu horreeyay ee Yurubiyaanka ah waxay halkan ka jireen ilaa qarnigii 18-aad. Markii la gaaray 1700, qaxootiga [[Boer]] ayaa horay ugu sii gudbay dooxada iyagoo ku sii jeeda Great Karoo. Dooxadu waxay ahayd mid adag in laga yimaado [[Cape Town]] oo keliya ayaa lagu heli karaa meelo leexsan. Tani waxay u baahnayd in loo sii maro dhanka waqooyi, taas oo dhex martay Tulbagh Basin iyo Nuwekloof (Kl. Berg River), iyo laga bilaabo 1835 sidoo kale dul martay [[Bainskloof Pass]]. Sannadkii 1944, ka dib shaqada dhismaha, wadada laga bilaabo Worcester ilaa [[Paarl]] iyo Cape Town waxaa lagu dhex wadi karaa [[Du Toitskloof Pass]].<ref name="Molter 144" /> Dhismaha jidka tareenka ee loo dhisay [[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]] ayaa dhiirrigeliyay beerashada waraabka ee Dooxada Webiga Hex. Beerashada miro-dhalinta oo ballaaran ayaa halkan ka hirgashay xilli hore, taas oo markii dambe caan ku noqotay meel ka baxsan gobolkeeda. Dhismaha sii socda ee waddooyinka gaadiidka, gaar ahaan waddooyinka waaweyn, ayaa kor u qaaday horumarinta beeraha heer la taaban karo.<ref name="Molter 144" /> == Arrimaha deegaanka == Baabi'inta ballaaran ee dhirta dhinaca webiga iyo beddelka koorsada dabiiciga ah ee webiga iyo kanaallada iyadoo loo marayo qodista dhagaxyada sandstone ayaa wax u dhimay daacadnimada nidaamka webiyada Hex ee hoose iyo Smalblaar.<ref name="DWAF State of Rivers Report" /> Beeraha miraha iyo canabka ayaa gaara xeebaha webiyada Dwars, Hex iyo Upper Breede. Dhismahoodu wuxuu keenay in ay soo galaan dhir shisheeye ah oo duullaan ah iyo nabaad-guur ka dhaca aagga xeebaha webiga. Si loo horumariyo xaaladda, waxaa lagu talinayaa dib u soo celinta aagagga lagu hayo biyaha, hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimaada hawlaha [[bulldozer|bulldozers]] si dib loogu qaabeeyo dusha sare ee dhulka, iyo maamulka isticmaalka dhulka oo la hagaajiyay oo looga baahan yahay dhammaan aagga qabashada biyaha ee Webiga Hex.<ref name="DWAF State of Rivers Report" /> == Kaydka biyaha ee aagga qabashada == Webiga Hex, sida laantiisa biyaha qani ku ah ee Webiga Amandels, ma laha kaydkiisa u gaarka ah ee loogu talagalay soo saarista biyaha. Qaybaha sare ee Webiga Sanddrift (Sanddriftskloof) waxaa ku yaal laba biyo-xireen, [[Lakenvallei Dam|Biyo-xireenka Lakenvallei]] (10.230 milyan mitir cubic) meel u dhow [[Ceres, Western Cape|Ceres]] iyo Biyo-xireenka Roode Elsberg (7.733 milyan mitir cubic). Awooddooda kaydinta waxay keentaa heerar biyo oo aad u hooseeya xilliga xagaaga ilaa qaybaha hoose ay qalalaan.<ref name="DWA list">Department of Water and Sanitation: [http://www.dwa.gov.za/documents/dws_dams%20list%20internet.pdf ''List of DWS Dams'']. auf ''www.dwa.gov.za'' (englisch).</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} l45a7bgjp35v5977d4dyauebjzklfmt Webiga Hennops 0 48605 301001 2026-07-07T14:01:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Hennops | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Wierda Bridge wide.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = Biriijka Wierda ee ka dul maraya Webiga Hennops | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka ka galo webiga Hennops <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Gauteng]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|94|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = | source1_location = [[Kempton Park, Gauteng|Kempton Park]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Crocodile River (West)|Webiga Crocodile]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|25|50|37|S|27|55|56|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1212|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = [[Crocodile River (Limpopo)|Webiga Crocodile]] | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = [[Rietvlei River|Webiga Rietvlei]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Hennops''' waa mid ka mid ah webiyada waaweyn ee qulqula [[Gauteng]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Wuxuu ka bilaabmaa meel u dhow [[Kempton Park, Gauteng|Kempton Park]], dhanka bari ee [[Johannesburg]] wuxuuna la kulmaa [[Crocodile River (Limpopo)|Webiga Crocodile]] in yar ka hor [[Hartbeespoort Dam|Biyo-xireenka Hartbeespoort]]. Waa mid ka mid ah webiyada ugu wasakhaysan [[Gauteng]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA3CrocMarico.jpg Crocodile/Marico WMA 3], dwaf.gov.za. Accessed 6 August 2023.</ref> == Qulqulka == Webiga Hennops wuxuu ka bilaabmaa [[Terenure, Kempton Park|Terenure]], [[Kempton Park, Gauteng|Kempton Park]], wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhanka waqooyi isagoo ku sii jeeda xaafadda [[Tembisa]]. Kadib wuxuu maraa [[Olifantsfontein]] wuxuuna la kulmaa [[Sesmyl Spruit]] oo ka soo qulqula [[Rietvlei Dam|Biyo-xireenka Rietvlei]]. Webigu wuxuu markaas u leexdaa dhanka waqooyi-galbeed isagoo maraya bartamaha [[Centurion, Gauteng|Centurion]]. Webigu wuxuu sii wadaa jihadan isagoo maraya dhulalka hoose ee [[Magaliesberg]] ka hor inta uusan ku shubin [[Crocodile River (Limpopo)|Webiga Crocodile]] dhankiisa midig meel u dhow [[Hartbeespoort Dam|Biyo-xireenka Hartbeespoort]]. == Biyo-xireennada == [[Rietvlei Dam|Biyo-xireenka Rietvlei]], oo biyo siiya [[City of Tshwane|Magaalada Tshwane]], iyo sidoo kale biyo-xireenno beeraha ah oo badan ayaa ku yaal Dooxada Webiga Hennops. Lake Centurion iyo sidoo kale biyo-mareenno badan ayaa ku yaal webiga. == Wasakhowga == Webiga Hennops waa mid ka mid ah webiyada aadka u wasakhaysan ee [[Gauteng]]. Adeegyada fayadhowrka oo aan ku filnayn oo aan si fiican loo dayactirin ee [[Tembisa]], [[Ivory Park]], [[Olifantsfontein]] iyo [[Erasmia]] ayaa webiga u beddelay marin-biyo furan. [[AfriForum]] ayaa ururiyey muunado biyo ah oo ka yimid Webiga Hennops, natiijaduna waxay muujisay in in ka badan hal milyan oo unugyo ah oo ah noolaha tilmaamaha ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' ay joogaan 100 ml oo biyo ah. Khatarta caafimaad waa mid aad u sarreeya dadka la kulma xiriir buuxa ama qayb ahaan biyo leh in ka badan 2000 unug oo samaysma gumeysi 100 ml kasta.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Du Preez |first1=Martella |last2=Kühn |first2=Anneli |last3=Van Niekerk |first3=Harold |last4=Venter |first4=S N |title=National Microbial Monitoring Programme for Surface Water (implementation manual) |url=http://www.dwa.gov.za/iwqs/microbio/Document/NMMP_implementation_Surfaces.pdf |website=Department of Water Affairs and Forestry |publisher=Department of Water Affairs and Forestry |accessdate=28 July 2018}}</ref> Biyaha wasakhda ah ee aan la daweyn ama qayb ahaan la daweeyay ayaa sidoo kale ka kooban heerar sare oo fosfat iyo nitrate ah, kuwaas oo gacan ka geysta dhibaatooyinka [[eutrophication|nafaqaynta xad-dhaafka ah]] ee [[Hartbeespoort Dam|Biyo-xireenka Hartbeespoort]]. Sannadkii 2020, FRESH [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]] waxay ku rakibtay dabinno qashin ah xaafadda Clayville ee [[Tembisa]], dadka deegaankana waxaa loo shaqaaleysiiyay inay ka saaraan qashinka oo si dhakhso ah u ururay.<ref name="yt1">{{cite web |title=FRESH removing plastic waste from litter traps placed on the Hennops River |url=https://www.facebook.com/chinaplussa/posts/3504659516287339 |website=China Plus South Africa |publisher=YouTube |access-date=6 December 2020}}</ref> == Dhacdooyinka == Bishii Abriil 2025, saddex askari oo booliis ah oo la la'aa ayaa laga helay Webiga Hennops oo ku teedsan [[N1 (South Africa)|N1]] ee Centurion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Orrin |title=Five bodies recovered from Hennops River in search for missing Free State officers |url=https://www.ewn.co.za/2025/04/29/four-bodies-recovered-from-hennops-river-in-search-for-missing-free-state-officers |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=EWN |language=en}}</ref> Waxay la'aayeen muddo todobaad ah waxayna la sheegay inay ku sii jeedeen [[Bloemfontein]] ee [[Free State (province)|Free State]] ilaa gobolka [[Limpopo]], halkaas oo loo diray.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mutsila |first=Lerato |date=2025-04-29 |title=Three missing police officers among five bodies found in Hennops River |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2025-04-29-three-missing-police-officers-among-five-dead-pulled-from-hennops-river-as-shocked-families-identify-bodies/ |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Booliiska ayaa sidoo kale helay laba meyd oo kale, mid ka mid ah oo ka tirsanaa shaqaalaha dhulka ee Adeegga Booliska Koonfur Afrika ee saldhigga booliiska Lyttleton iyo mid rayid ah.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sibiya |first=Noxolo |title=Remains of 3 missing officers identified among 5 bodies retrieved from Hennops River |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/remains-of-3-missing-officers-identified-among-5-bodies-retrieved-from-hennops-river-20250429 |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-29 |title=South African authorities find the bodies of 3 missing police officers in a river |url=https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-missing-police-officers-4d82842e854bc87bccfeacf2d0be96d4 |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> == Goobaha dalxiiska == Dooxada webiga waa meel loo tago fasaxa iyo dhamaadka todobaadka dadka deggan magaalooyinka dhow. Xeebaha Hennops waa meel caan ah oo loogu talagalay [[hiking|socodka]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.footprint.co.za/hennops.htm |title=Hennops Hiking Trail |access-date=6 April 2012 }}</ref> kaluumaysiga, [[camping|xero dhigashada]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hennopspride.caravanparks.co.za/ |title=Hennops Pride Caravan Park |access-date=6 April 2012 }}</ref> iyo [[picnic|dalxiiska cunnada]]. Waxaa ka dul mara laba biriij oo yaryar oo laadlaada, mid ku yaal Centurion Mall, iyo midka kale oo ku yaal Hennops Pride. Waxa kale oo jira goobo loo dalxiis tago iyo jid 4x4 ah.<ref>[http://www.hennops.co.za/ Hennops 4x4 trail]</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064627/https://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za/handle/10210/2008 Natural and anthropogenic influences on water quality: an example from rivers draining the Johannesburg Granite Dome] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20111218230304/http://www.internetaccommodation.co.za/town/hennopsriver Tourist Attractions near Hennops River, Gauteng, South Africa] {{Authority control}} qwfljgc3xi7f8xh6itaaghqhl7w6378 Webiga Anambra 0 48606 301002 2026-07-07T14:05:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ọmambala | native_name ={{native name|ig|Osimiri Ọmambala}} | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Amamba.jpg | image_size = 300 | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Anambra State|Anambra]] iyo [[Enugu State|Enugu]] | subdivision_type3 = Degmooyinka Dowladda | subdivision_name3 = [[Anambra East]], [[Anambra West]], [[Ayamelum]], [[Uzo Uwani]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> |length_km=256 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Onitsha|Onịcha]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Niger River|Webiga Niger]] | mouth_location = [[Onitsha|Onịcha]], [[Onitsha North|Onịcha úgwú]], [[Anambra State|Anambra]]<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://punchng.com/ezu-river-dead-bodies-report-indicts-police-four-years-after/ | title=Ezu River dead bodies: Report indicts police four years after | date=28 July 2017 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = |basin_size_mi2=2751|basin_size_ref=<ref>{{cite journal|title=Runoff Response to Basin Parameters in Southeastern Nigeria |journal=Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography |first1=Raymond N. C. |last1=Anyadike |first2=Phillip O. |last2=Phil-Eze |page=75 |volume=71 |issue=1–2 |year=1989 |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |doi=10.1080/04353676.1989.11880274 |jstor=521009|bibcode=1989GeAnA..71...75A }}</ref> | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Anambra''' ([[Igbo language|Igbo]]: '''Ọmambala''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Chinwoke 01-Omambala.wav|Listen|help=no}}) wuxuu u qulqulaa {{convert|210|km|mi}} ilaa [[Niger River|Webiga Niger]] waxaana laga helaa [[Anambra State|Anambra]], [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ugbor |first1=O. N. |last2=Odo |first2=G. E. |last3=Nwani |first3=C. D. |last4=Ochang |first4=S. N. |last5=Somdare |first5=P. O. |last6=Agbakwuo |first6=C. A. |title=Parasitic Fauna of Two Dominant Clariid (SILURIFORMES) Catfishes In A Tropical Freshwater Ecosystem, Nigeria |journal=Nigerian Journal of Fisheries |date=2014 |volume=11 |issue=1 & 2 |pages=745–755 |url=https://publications.fulokoja.edu.ng/publication-page.php?i=parasitic-fauna-of-two-dominant-clariid-siluriformes-catfishes-in-a-tropical-freshwater-ecosystem-nigeria |s2cid=90241772 }}</ref> Webigu waa kan ugu muhiimsan ee quudiya [[River Niger|Webiga Niger]] ka hooseeya [[Lokoja]]. Qulqulka Webiga Ọmambala waxaa lagu sii daayaa [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlantic]] iyada oo loo marayo marinnada kala duwan ee samaynta gobolka {{convert|25000|km2|mi2|adj=on}} ee [[Niger Delta]].<ref name="length">[{{GBurl|ZmdYFTlcSgEC|p=307}} Pages 307–309] in {{cite book |doi=10.1007/0-306-48065-4_7 |chapter=Hydrology of Large River Basins: Eastern and Western Africa |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa |series=Water Science and Technology Library |date=2002 |volume=41 |pages=271–334 |isbn=978-1-4020-0866-5 |first1=Mamdouh |last1=Shahin }}</ref> == Gobolka Webiga Anambra iyo dhaqanka == Omambala wuxuu ahaa magaca [[goddess|ilaahad]] hore oo webigeedu ka soo qulqulo dhulka hoostiisa ee Uzo-uwa-ani ilaa Aguleri, Anam, Nsugbe iyo dhidibka Onitsha, halkaas oo uu kaga xirmiyo webiyada Nkisi & Niger-kwora/Mgbakili safarkooda ay ugu socdaan [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlantic]], sida ay qabaan dadka asaliga ah. Webiyada Ezu iyo Ezichi ayaa sidoo kale ku shuba webiga [[Anambra]] at Agbanabo iyo Oda siday u kala horreeyaan.<ref name="Ejikeme Odo Didigwu Effiong Eyo 2013">{{cite journal |last1=Ejikeme Odo |first1=Gregory |last2=Didigwu |first2=Nwani Christopher |last3=Effiong Eyo |first3=Joseph |title=The fish fauna of Anambra river basin, Nigeria: species abundance and morphometry |journal=Revista de Biología Tropical |date=31 July 2013 |volume=57 |issue=1–2 |pages=177–186 |doi=10.15517/rbt.v57i1-2.11312 |pmid=19637699 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Waxaa jira dhowr [[Myth|khuraafaad]] iyo waxyaabo qarsoodi ah oo ku xeeran Omambala kuwaas oo horseeday fasiraado kala duwan oo ay bixiyeen qabaa'il iyo jinsiyado badan, sidaas darteed ku dhawaaqista Omambala sida [[Anambra]] ay sameeyeen sahamiyeyaashii hore ee Yurub.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Anambra | title=Anambra &#124; Igbo culture, Awka, Onitsha, Map &#124; Britannica }}</ref> Kahor abuurista gobollada, Omambala waxaa hore loogu isticmaali jiray in lagu tixraaco aagga ka kooban [[Anambra]], qaybo ka mid ah [[Kogi State|Kogi]], [[Enugu State|Enugu]] iyo [[Ebonyi State|Ebonyi]] ee hadda jira, dadka asaliga ah ee aaggaas. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, dadka asaliga ah ee ka soo jeeda Aguleri, Anam, [[Nsugbe]], Umueri, [[Anaku Town|Anaku]], [[Nteje]], [[Umunya]], [[Nando, Nigeria|Nando]], Igbariam, [[Nkwelle-Ezunaka|Nkwelle-Ezunanka]], [[Nzam]], [[Awkuzu]], [[Ogidi, Anambra|Ogidi]], [[Ogbunike]], qabiilka Ayamelum, iyo kuwo kale, ayaa sheegta dhaxalka Omambala.<ref name="Ejikeme Odo Didigwu Effiong Eyo 2013"/> Dadka Omambala waxay leeyihiin lahjado gaar ah, caadooyin, dhaqamo iyo qiyam ethnophilosophical ah oo leh nidaamyo aaminsan oo badan oo qarsoodi ah kuwaas oo qiimo sare siiya ruuxnimada marka loo eego raasumaalka, waxaana isku haya xiriir weligeed ah oo caado, luqad, dhaqan diimeed iyo [[Omambala River|Webiga Omambala]]. Tani waxay sabab u tahay xiriirka xooggan iyo ku-xirnaanta ka jirta iyaga iyo [[cosmology|cosmology-ga]] dabiiciga ah iyo nidaamka deegaanka.<ref name="Ejikeme Odo Didigwu Effiong Eyo 2013"/> Saamaynta dhaqan-dhaqaale, dhaqan-bulsho iyo siyaasad-bulsho ee gobolka Omambala waxay gaartaa qaybo ka mid ah [[Edo State|Edo]], [[Delta State|Delta]], [[Imo State|Imo]], Rivers, [[Abia State|Abia]], [[Taraba State|Taraba]], [[Benue State|Benue]], Niger, [[Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]], [[Plateau State|Plateau]], [[Akwa Ibom State|Akwa-Ibom]] & [[Cross River State|Cross-Rivers]] ee Nigeria iyo ilaa [[Niger]], [[Chad]], [[Cameroon]], [[Mali]], [[Central African Republic]], iwm.<ref>{{Cite journal |first=Patrick |last=Okpoko |date=September 2016 |title=Socio-Cultural Profiling and Development in Southeast Nigeria: A Case Study |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309875498_Socio-Cultural_Profiling_and_Development_in_Southeast_Nigeria_A_Case_Study |journal=Journal of Social Sciences}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{coord|6|33|N|6|54|E|display=title}} {{Authority control}} d8j2t5sxwlq3rfc9v2iczs4501g4fhl Webiga Kaduna 0 48607 301003 2026-07-07T14:08:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Kaduna | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Nigeria]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 550 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg ={{convert|523|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Niger River|Webiga Niger]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size_km2 = 65,878 | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Kaduna.png|thumb|Nidaamka Webiga Kaduna]] [[File:Kaduna River, Kaduna (Nigeria), 2007.JPG|thumb|Webiga Kaduna, oo laga eegayo Sea Breeze, Kaduna, 2007]] '''Webiga Kaduna''' waa laan ka mid ah [[Niger River|Webiga Niger]] kaas oo qulqula {{convert|550|km|mi}} iyadoo sii maraya [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Figure 1: Map of River Kaduna within Kaduna metropolis. |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-River-Kaduna-within-Kaduna-metropolis_fig1_322651552 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702171846/https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-River-Kaduna-within-Kaduna-metropolis_fig1_322651552 |archive-date=2023-07-02 |access-date=2025-06-26 |website=ResearchGate |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Magaciisa wuxuu ka helay [[crocodile|yaxaasyadii]] ku noolaa webiga iyo agagaarkiisa.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://dailytrust.com/tag/kaduna-river/ | title=Kaduna river |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref> [[Kaduna (city)|Kaduna]] oo ah lahjadda asaliga ah ee [[Hausa language|Hausa]], waxay ahayd ereyga "yaxaasyada",<ref name="Hausa">{{cite web|title=On-line Bargery Hausa-English Dictionary|url= http://maguzawa.dyndns.ws/|accessdate= 2009-07-09}}</ref> halka dhulka [[Nupe language|Nupe]], oo qaybta koonfureed ee webigu dhex maro, ay ku jirto isku darka uu la leeyahay Niger, webiga loogu yeero '''Lavun'''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nadel |first1=S. F. (Siegfried Frederick) |title=A black Byzantium; the kingdom of Nupe in Nigeria |date=1965 |publisher=London, New York Pub. for the International Institute of African Languages & Cultures by the Oxford University Press |page=181 |url=https://archive.org/details/blackbyzantium0000unse_n4e3/page/180/mode/2up?q=lavun |access-date=5 January 2026}}</ref> == Koorsada == Webiga Kaduna wuxuu ka bilaabmaa qulqulka waqooyi-galbeed isagoo ka yimaada isha ku taal [[Plateau State]] ee [[Jos Plateau]] {{convert|29|km}} koonfur-galbeed ee magaalada [[Jos]]. Kadib wuxuu qulqulaa [[Kaduna State]] (oo loogu magac daray webiga) halkaas oo uu ka beddelayo qulqulkiisa jihada koonfur-galbeed wuxuuna dhex maraa caasimaddiisa [[Kaduna (city)|Kaduna]] oo uu u qaybiyo qaybta waqooyi iyo koonfur. Webigu wuxuu sii socdaa [[Niger State]] (oo loogu magac daray webiga Niger), wax yar ka dibna waa la xiray, marka hore [[Shiroro Hydroelectric Power Station|Shiroro]], kadibna mar kale [[Zungeru Hydroelectric Power Station|Zungeru]], isagoo soo saaraya laba [[Reservoir|harood oo waaweyn]] ka hor inta uusan samayn leexasho koonfureed oo fiiqan ka dibna uu qulqulo koonfur si uu ula kulmo [[Niger River|Webiga Niger]] isku darka koonfurta [[Bida]]. Inta badan koorsadiisu waxay martaa keymo savana ah oo furan, laakiin qaybta hoose ayaa jaray dhowr dooxooyin ka hor inta aysan gelin [[Niger]] daadadka waaweyn.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/place/Kaduna-River Kaduna River, Nigeria], on britannica.com</ref> Webiga waxaa loo isticmaalaa kalluumeysiga iyo gaadiidka wax soo saarka maxalliga ah. == Wasakhowga == Qashinka magaalooyinka iyo [[industrial waste|warshadaha]] ayaa lala xiriiriyay heerkulka kor u kacay iyo uruurinta biraha culus ee Webiga Kaduna (Arah, 1985). Qashinka warshadaha ee aan la daweyn ee si taxadar la'aan ah loogu tuuro si toos ah ama si dadban gudaha qashinka Webiga Kaduna ayaa lagu go'aamiyay inay yihiin il wasakheyn ah.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Isenyo |first=Godwin |date=2022-04-21 |title=Kaduna govt reintroduces monthly sanitation, plans plastic container ban |url=https://punchng.com/kaduna-govt-reintroduces-monthly-sanitation-plans-plastic-container-ban/ |access-date=2023-07-15 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-22 |title=Kaduna to introduce electric tricycles, ban plastic containers |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/kaduna-to-introduce-electric-tricycles-ban-plastic-containers/ |access-date=2023-07-15 |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Daadadka == Sababtoo ah daadad soo noqnoqda ee Kaduna, [[federal government|dowladda federaalka]] waxay aasaastay mashruuc ka hortagga daadadka.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Aodu |first=AbdulRaheem |date=2020-09-29 |title=FG plans flood control project in Kaduna - Blueprint Newspapers |url=https://www.blueprint.ng/fg-plans-flood-control-project-in-kaduna/ |location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-07 |language=en-US|newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]}}</ref> Sannadkii 2022, [[flooding|daadadka]] ka yimid webiga Kaduna waxay u geysteen [[property damage|waxyeello hantiyeed]] weyn aagga ku xeeran.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Benjamin |first=Isaiah |date=2022-08-09 |title=Flood: UNICEF, Red Cross Lift 5,000 Kaduna Households With N175m |url=https://leadership.ng/flood-unicef-red-cross-lift-5000-kaduna-households-with-n175m/ |access-date=2023-08-24 |language=en-US|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref> Bishii Nofembar 2022, laba dhalinyaro ah oo lagu kala magacaabo Zakaria Aliyu Yahaya iyo Yusuf Abdullahi, da'dooduna tahay 17 iyo 16 oo ka tirsan [[State school|Dugsiga Sare ee Dowladda]] ee [[Zaria]], ayaa la sheegay inay ku qarqoomeen iyagoo [[swimming|dabaalanaya]] gudaha Kogin Mutuwa ee [[Kaduna (city)|Kaduna]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-01 |title=Two Boys Reportedly Drown In Kaduna River|url=https://independent.ng/two-boys-reportedly-drown-in-kaduna-river/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-05 |language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref> == Cimilada == [[temperature|Heerkulka]] sanadlaha ah ee Kaduna waa 25.2 °C ama 77.4 °F. Qiyaastii 998 mm ama 39.3 in oo [[precipitation|roob]] ah ayaa da'a sanad walba. Sanadkii oo dhan, heerkulku wuxuu caadi ahaan u dhexeeyaa 55 °F ilaa 95 °F waana naadir inuu ka hooseeyo 50 °F ama ka sarreeyo 102 °F. Sababtoo ah u dhawaanshaha [[equator|dhul-baraha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaduna Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/55104/Average-Weather-in-Kaduna-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref> [[wet season|Xilliga roobabka]] waa diirran, cidhiidhi, iyo [[overcast|daruur leh]] halka [[dry season|xilliga abaaraha]] uu yahay mid kulul oo [[Partly Cloudy|daruurta qayb ahaan]]. Aad bay u adag tahay in si cad loogu sawiro [[Summer|xagaaga]] Kaduna. Wakhtiga Janaayo, Febraayo, Maarso, Maajo, Juun, Luulyo, Agoosto, Sebtembar, Oktoobar, Nofembar, Diseembar guud ahaan waxaa loo arkaa xilliga ugu wanaagsan ee [[Holiday|fasaxa]] ama booqashooyinka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaduna climate: Temperature Kaduna & Weather By Month |url=https://en.climate-data.org/africa/nigeria/kaduna/kaduna-539/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=en.climate-data.org}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|8.744479|N|5.799589|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} h9ii0d89dqdc0k4wamxob14qlrw7fza Webiga Zamfara 0 48608 301004 2026-07-07T14:12:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Zamfara | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = Sokotorivermap.png | image_size = | image_caption = Dooxada Webiga Sokoto, Webiga Zamfara oo dhanka koonfureed ah | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = Nigeriamap.png | map_size = | map_caption = Webiyada waaweyn ee Nigeria | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Nigeria | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka ka galo | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Zamfara]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{cvt|250|km}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Sokoto River|Webiga Sokoto]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|11.9960|4.0904|format=dms|type:river_region:NG|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Sokoto River|Webiga Sokoto]] | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Zamfara State Nigeria.png|thumb|Gobolka Zamfara, oo uu ka soo bilowdo Webiga Zamfara.]] [[File:Nigeriamap.png|thumb|Khariidadda muujinaysa webiyada waaweyn ee Nigeria.]] '''Webiga Zamfara''' waa [[webi]] ku yaal qaybta waqooyi ee [[Nigeria]]. Wuxuu ka soo bilowdaa [[Zamfara State|Gobolka Zamfara]], wuxuuna u qulqulaa {{convert|250|km|mi}} dhanka galbeed ilaa [[Kebbi State|Gobolka Kebbi]] halkaas oo uu kaga biiro [[Sokoto River|Webiga Sokoto]] qiyaastii {{convert|50|km|mi}} koonfur-galbeed ee [[Birnin Kebbi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fig 12. Pathway of nutrient flow and cycling in the along the section... |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Pathway-of-nutrient-flow-and-cycling-in-the-along-the-section-of-River-Zamfara-a-vital_fig4_345259475 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230705094555/https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Pathway-of-nutrient-flow-and-cycling-in-the-along-the-section-of-River-Zamfara-a-vital_fig4_345259475 |archive-date=2023-07-05 |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=ResearchGate |language=en}}</ref> Meesha ugu sarreysa ee Webiga [[Zamfara]] uu dhex maro waa dhul jooggiisu yahay {{convert|188|m|ft}} ka sarreeya heerka badda. Webiga Zamfara wuxuu leeyahay magacyo kala duwan oo lala xiriiriyo gobollada kala duwan ee uu dhex maro. Qaar ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan waxaa ka mid ah Gulbi Gindi, Gulbi Zamfara, Webiga Zamfara, iyo Webiga Gindi.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ng.geoview.info/river_zamfara,2317855 | title=River Zamfara stream, Kebbi, Nigeria }}</ref> == Weerarka argagixisada == 6-dii Oktoobar 2022, waxaa la xaqiijiyay in dad tuulooyin deggan oo ku teedsan webiga ay ku qarqoomeen iyagoo isku dayaya inay ka baxsadaan weerar argagixiso.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramalan |first=Ibrahim |date=2022-10-06 |title=26 villagers drown in Zamfara river while fleeing from terrorist attack |url=https://dailynigerian.com/villagers-drown-zamfara-river/ |access-date=2023-07-05 |newspaper=[[Daily Nigerian]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> === Qaababka haydarooliga iyo noocyada kala duwan ee daadadka dusha sare ee durdurka Hadejia === [[Drainage basin|Dooxada webiga]] ayaa la qiimeeyay <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328840837 |issue= |pages= 335–348|doi=10.1016/j.ejrh.2018.10.008|title= Runoff irregularities, trends, and variations in tropical semi-arid river catchment|date= 2018|last1= Umar|first1= Da'u Abba|last2= Ramli|first2= Mohammad Firuz|last3= Aris|first3= Ahmad Zaharin|last4= Jamil|first4= Nor Rohaizah|last5= Abdulkareem|first5= Jabir Haruna|journal= Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies|volume= 19|bibcode= 2018JHyRS..19..335U|doi-access= free}}</ref> iyadoo la adeegsanayo macluumaad socday muddo 36 sano ah, (1980-2015), si loogu diyaargaroobo habsami leh iyo maamulka hantida biyaha ee dooxada. Aqoon cusub oo haydarooliga ah oo ku saabsan degmada: Waxaa la kala saaray cilladaha xilliga iyo goobta ee ku saabsan daadadka dooxada durdurka Hadejia. Waxaa la ogaaday inuu jiro hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid qulqulka webiga, oo laga dareemay laba ka mid ah saddexda saldhig ee hoose. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira qaab kor u kacaya oo ku saabsan qulqulka webiga oo ka imanaya dhammaan saddexda saldhig ee sare, inkastoo aysan muhiim ahayn marka loo eego tirakoobka. Natiijooyinka ANOVA [F (5,210) = 106.226, P < 0.05] iyo natiijooyinka baaritaanka kooxda ayaa muujiyay kala duwanaansho weyn oo goobta ah oo u dhexeeya saldhigyada sare iyo kuwa hoose. Qaabka kor u kacaya ee qulqulka saldhigyada sare waxaa sabab u ah [[Precipitation|celceliska roobabka]] badan iyo [[urbanization|magaalayn]] ballaaran oo ka dhacday halkaas. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaabka hoos u dhaca weyn ee qulqulka hoose ee dooxada webiga ayaa la xiriira doorsoomayaal badan, gaar ahaan; heerka uumi-baxa oo sarreeya sababtoo ah heerkulka sare, celceliska roobabka oo hooseeya iyo heerka dhex-galka biyaha oo sarreeya kaas oo ay suurtogelisay heerka sare ee ciidda iyo [[Sedimentary rock|dhagaxa dhismaha ee sedimentary]]. Biyo-siinta iyo waraabinta, gaar ahaan aagagga hoose, ayaa halis ugu jira sababtoo ah qaababkan iyo kala duwanaanshahooda. Natiijo ahaan, daraasad dooxeed isku dhafan oo adeegsanaysa [[Hydrological model|qaabaynta haydarooliga]] ayaa waxtar u yeelan doonta go'aaminta saameynta kala duwan ee arrimaha wax ku darsanaya iyo saadaalinta sida webigu u dhaqmi doono iyadoo laga jawaabayo saameyntaas.<ref name=":0" /> == Wasakhowga == Waqooyiga Nigeria ee Gobolka Zamfara, sababtoo ah dillaaca laba tuulo, koox ayaa u safray oo bilowday baaritaanka si loo ogaado sababta dillaaca. Dadka deggan tuulo kasta ayaa soo sheegay in mid ka mid ah afartii carruur ah ee ku noolaa bulshadooda ay dhinteen sannadkii hore. Ceelasha bulshada ayaa lahaa heerar sare oo [[lead|lead]] ah taas oo iyaduna keentay in carruurta labada tuulo ay ku yeeshaan dhiiggooda heer sare oo lead ah.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-28 |title=Lead Poisoning Investigation in Northern Nigeria {{!}} One Health {{!}} CDC |url=https://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/in-action/lead-poisoning.html |access-date=2023-09-26 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Commons}} fm3mfg3d2wjj1nfhm8h1pg4eitbz8so Webiga Imo 0 48609 301005 2026-07-07T14:15:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Imo<br /> <small>Imo</small> | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Loogu magac daray Imo [[alusi]] <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Imo oo laga eegayo dusha sare ee buundo wadada oo u horseeda [[Umuahia]] ee [[Abia state|Gobolka Abia]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_mi = 150 | length_ref = <ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of World Rivers |first=Rand |last=McNally |page=14 |publisher=Rand McNally |year=1980}}</ref> | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Okigwe]], [[Imo State|Gobolka Imo]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|5|50|56|N|7|14|20|W|display=inline}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Nigerian history, politics and affairs: the collected essays of Adiele Afigbo |first1=Adiele Eberechukwu |last1=Afigbo |editor=Toyin Falola |page=95 |publisher=Africa World Press |year=2005 |isbn=1-59221-324-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ez58Dwpa8JcC&pg=PA95}}</ref> | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_location = [[Eastern Obolo]], [[Akwa Ibom State|Gobolka Akwa Ibom]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|4|28|14|N|7|35|38|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Imo''' (Igbo: Imo) wuxuu ku yaal koonfur-bari [[Nigeria]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa {{convert|150|mi|km|disp=flip}} ilaa [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]]. Afkiisa wuxuu leeyahay ballac dhan {{convert|40|km|mi}},<ref>{{cite book|title=Bulletin de l'Institut français d'Afrique noire |author=Institut français d'Afrique noire |page=29 |location=Niger Delta |publisher=IFAN |year=1976}}</ref> webiguna wuxuu leeyahay qulqul sannadle ah oo dhan {{convert|4|km3|mi3|1}}<ref>{{Cite book|title=Irrigation potential in Africa |author=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Land and Water Development Division |page=92 |publisher=Food & Agriculture Org |year=1997 |isbn=92-5-103966-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VzqBfdeSjgQC&pg=PA92}}</ref> oo ay weheliso {{cvt|26,000|ha|sqmi acres}} oo [[wetland|dhul qoyan]] ah.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sustainable Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa: Constraints and opportunities |first=Nathan C. |last=Russell |page=57 |publisher=IITA |year=1993 |isbn=978-131-096-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XuXK2VofYKsC&pg=PA57}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Nigerian rivers among top 20 polluting rivers|url=https://dailytrust.com/nigerian-rivers-among-top-20-polluting-rivers/ |access-date=2023-09-25 |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref> Webiyada laanta u ah Imo waa [[Otamiri River|Otamiri]] iyo [[Oramiriukwa River|Oramirukwa]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Estimation of natural groundwater recharge |first=Ian |last=Simmers |page=436 |editor=NATO |editor-link=NATO |publisher=Springer |year=1988 |isbn=90-277-2632-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W0uvL96OaMoC&pg=PA436}}</ref> Webiga Imo waxaa la nadiifiyay xilligii [[British Empire|maamulkii gumeysiga Ingiriiska ee Nigeria]] sanadkii 1907–1908 iyo 1911; marka hore ilaa [[Aba, Abia|Aba]] ka dibna ilaa Udo oo u dhow [[Umuahia]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Igbo women and economic transformation in southeastern Nigeria, 1900-1960 |first=Gloria |last=Chuku |page=152 |publisher=Routledge |year=2005 |isbn=0-415-97210-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3jouPZxPC4C&pg=PA152}}</ref> Wuxuu leeyahay buundo dhan {{convert|830|m|ft|adj=on}} oo ku taal isgoyska u dhexeeya [[Rivers State|Gobolka Rivers]] iyo [[Akwa Ibom State|Gobolka Akwa Ibom]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Report: Nigeria 2010 |page=213 |publisher=Oxford Business Group |isbn=1-907065-14-8}}</ref> == Muhiimadda Dhaqanka == [[Akwa Ibom State|Gobolka Akwa Ibom]], Webiga Imo waxaa loo yaqaanaa '''Webiga Imoh''' ama '''Inyang Imoh''' kaas oo u turjumaya ''Webiga Hantida'' ({{langx|ibb|Inyang}} waxay ka dhigan tahay ''webi'' ama ''badweyn'', halka {{lang|ibb|Imoh}} ay ka dhigan tahay ''hanti''). Ilaaha, ama [[Alusi|Alusi]], ee webiga waa midda dheddigga ah ee ''[[Imo (mythology)|Imo]]'', taas oo bulshooyinka ku hareeraysan webiga ay u sharfaan sidii mulkiilaha webiga. Dabaal-deg loogu talagalay Alusi ayaa la qabtaa sanad walba inta u dhaxaysa Maajo iyo Luulyo.<ref>{{cite book|title=The traditional African concept of God and the Christian concept of God |first=Peter Chiehiụra |last=Uzor |page=310 |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2004 |isbn=3-631-52145-6}}</ref> == Wasakhowga == Webiga Imo waxaa soo wariyay [[World Health Organization|Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka]] inuu yahay mid ka mid ah webiyada ugu wasakhowsan Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sesan |date=2017-12-16 |title=Nigeria’s perilous pollution indices |url=https://punchng.com/nigerias-perilous-pollution-indices/ |access-date=2023-09-13 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Istaraatiijiyado kala duwan oo wax looga qabanayo wasakhowga Webiga Imo iyo laamihiisa ayaa waxaa isku dayay Shirkadda Biyaha iyo Maareynta Qashinka ee Gobolka Imo (ISWSC), ururada bulshada rayidka ah sida Hindisaha Gacmaha Furan ee Horumarinta Joogtada ah (OPAISD), mashaariic kala duwan oo dib u cusbooneysiin magaalo, iskaashiyo goboleed sida Maamulka Horumarinta Dooxada Webiga Anambra-Imo (AIRBDA), iyo Bangiga Adduunka. Dadaallada waxaa ka mid ahaa casriyaynta kaabayaasha, nidaamyada daaweynta biyaha, tallaabooyinka xakameynta daadadka iyo nabaad-guurka, iyo xoojinta ka hortagga qubitaanka aan loo meel-dayin iyo dhismaha dhismayaasha ku teedsan xeebaha webiga. == Sawirro == <gallery mode="slideshow" > File:Imo river (6).jpg|Muujinta xeebaha webiga oo leh dhir iyo dhisme suuq oo ku wareegsan oo la yiraahdo ''Suuqa Malaysian'' File:Imo river (1).jpg|Qaybta hoose ee qoryaha oo u dhow Webiga Imo. </gallery> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} 1s22qigcn82kmrhw6mykvzvou7pvf3x Webiga Aba 0 48610 301006 2026-07-07T14:17:43Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Aba | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Webiga Aba | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Nigeria | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Afka | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|4.8228|7.4909|format=dms|display=it|region:NG_type:river}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Imo River|Webiga Imo]] | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Aba''' waa webi ku yaal koonfurta [[Nigeria]]. Waa laan ka mid ah [[Imo River|Webiga Imo]] oo dhex mara magaalada [[Aba, Nigeria|Aba]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Aba-Southeast-Nigeria-showing-the-sampling-stations-of-Aba-River_fig1_316862250|title=Map of Aba, Southeast Nigeria showing the sampling stations of Aba River}}</ref> Isha biyaha ayaa ku taal aagga Okpu-Umuobo (Okpu-Umuobo, Isiala-Okpu iyo Mgboko-Umuette oo ah [[communities|bulshooyin]] madax-bannaan) LGA [[Osisioma Ngwa]] oo ku taal dhulka [[Ngwa]]. Webigan Aba waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa Waterside.<ref name=auto/> Webiga ayaa inta badan la iska indha tiray inkastoo uu leeyahay gaar ahaan iyo muhiimad. Hawlaha dadka maxalliga ah ee qoda [[sand|ciidda]] kuwaas oo ka soo saara ciidda fiiqan ujeedooyin [[construction|dhisid]] ayaa ka dhigaya webiga inuu qulqulo.<ref>Izugbara, C. O.; Umoh, J. O. (2004). "Indigenous Waste Management Practices among the Ngwa of Southeastern [[Nigeria]]: Some lessons and policy implications". The Environmentalist . 24 (2): 87–92. doi :10.1007/s10669-004-4799-4 </ref> == Wasakhowga == Webiga Aba ayaa sannadihii la soo dhaafay wajahay heerar kala duwan oo wasakhow ah oo ka yimid shirkado badan, xoolo-dhaqatada lo'da, iyo dadka deggan bulshooyinka deriska ah. Dadka deggan, oo qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ay hore u isticmaali jireen khayraadka webiga, ayaa sheegay in webigu uu ka buuxay nolol biyoodka oo uu bixiyay biyo la cabo iyo adeegyo kale oo guri oo loogu talagalay dadka bulshooyinka ku nool xeebaha ka hor inta aysan soo bixin ganacsiyo kala duwan oo aan hadda ku shubin qashinkooda biyaha 1970-yadii.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/457093-special-report-govt-looks-away-as-companies-spew-waste-into-aba-river-endangering-lives.html?tztc=1 |access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|title=SPECIAL REPORT: Govt looks away as companies spew waste into Aba River endangering lives|date=Apr 24, 2021}}</ref> Waxaa ka sii daran, wasakhowga webiga waxaa kordhiyay "Ahiaudele" (suuqa gorgorrada) goobta gawraca iyo suuqa [[cattle|lo'da]], kaas oo ku yaal xeebaha webiga. Khayraadka webiga ayaa sii yaraanaya.<ref name="auto"/> Labada goobood oo ay ku yaallaan [[Nigerian Breweries]] PLC, Warshadda Aba, ayaa dacwad ka gudbiyay ganacsiga Maxkamadda Sare ee [[Abia State High Court of Justice|Gobolka Abia]] waxa ay ku andacoonayaan inay tahay arrin xadgudub deegaan oo socda. Dadka deegaanka ayaa sheegay in Nigerian Breweries ay sii waday inay ku shubto qashinka, kiimikooyinka halista ah, iyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee Webiga Aba, oo si caan ah loogu yaqaanno "Iyi Aza Ogbor" ama "Waterside".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-11 |title=Aba communities drag Nigerian Breweries to court over alleged pollution, demand N8b |url=http://www.empressivenaija.com/2020/06/aba-communities-drag-nigerian-breweries.html |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=EmpressiveNaija}}</ref> == Koorsada iyo arrimaha deegaanka == Webiga Aba wuxuu dhex maraa Gobolka Abia ee koonfur-bari Nigeria wuxuuna qayb ka yahay nidaamka dheecaanka Webiga Imo ka hor inta uusan ugu dambeyntii ku shubin Badweynta Atlaantik. Webigu taariikh ahaan wuxuu taageeray sahayda biyaha guriga, beeraha, kalluumeysiga, iyo hawlaha warshadaha ee Aba iyo bulshooyinka ku xeeran.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Water quality assessment of Aba River, southeastern Nigeria |journal=Environmental Monitoring and Assessment}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of Nigeria |publisher=Federal Ministry of Water Resources}}</ref> Magaalayn degdeg ah iyo horumarinta warshadaha ee ku xeeran Aba ayaa keentay cadaadis sii kordhaya oo saaran webiga. Daraasaduhu waxay soo sheegeen heerar sare oo nafaqooyin, biraha culus, adkaha ganaaxan, iyo wasakhowga microbial ee meelaha qaarkood oo helaya qashinka aan la daweyn ee magaalooyinka iyo warshadaha.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Assessment of physicochemical characteristics of Aba River |journal=African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Heavy metal contamination in Aba River |journal=Environmental Monitoring and Assessment}}</ref> Wakaalado deegaan oo kala duwan iyo machadyo tacliimeed ayaa ku taliyay in la hagaajiyo daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah, la socodka wasakhowga, iyo maaraynta dooxada si loo soo celiyo tayada biyaha loona ilaaliyo nidaamka deegaanka biyaha.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Integrated management of urban rivers in southeastern Nigeria |journal=Environmental Management}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |title=National Water Quality Strategy |publisher=Federal Ministry of Water Resources}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} l5t7snbv116d74zvpf1m231thhoscow Walt Disney 0 48611 301008 2026-07-07T14:22:55Z ~2026-38620-78 46385 Bog cusub: Shirkadda Walt Disney, oo loo yaqaan Disney, waa mid ka mid ah shirkadaha ugu horreeya ee warbaahinta iyo madadaalada adduunka. Waxaa la aasaasay Oktoobar 16, 1923, oo ay sameeyeen walaalo Walt iyo Roy Disney oo ah istuudiyo animation ah, waxay ku kortay mid ka mid ah istuudiyooyinka ugu waaweyn Hollywood waxayna leedahay ama shati siisay kow iyo toban goobood oo mawduucyo ah iyo shabakado telefishan oo badan, oo ay ku jiraan ABC iyo ESPN. Xarunta dhexe ee Disney iyo xarumaha wax... 301008 wikitext text/x-wiki Shirkadda Walt Disney, oo loo yaqaan Disney, waa mid ka mid ah shirkadaha ugu horreeya ee warbaahinta iyo madadaalada adduunka. Waxaa la aasaasay Oktoobar 16, 1923, oo ay sameeyeen walaalo Walt iyo Roy Disney oo ah istuudiyo animation ah, waxay ku kortay mid ka mid ah istuudiyooyinka ugu waaweyn Hollywood waxayna leedahay ama shati siisay kow iyo toban goobood oo mawduucyo ah iyo shabakado telefishan oo badan, oo ay ku jiraan ABC iyo ESPN. Xarunta dhexe ee Disney iyo xarumaha wax soo saarka aasaasiga ah waxay ku yaalliin Walt Disney Studios ee Burbank, California. Shirkaddu waa qayb ka mid ah Dow Jones Industrial Average. 4zdtp9ok4tg1h2efq03poxhjvxi7ntl Webiga Kwa Ibo 0 48612 301009 2026-07-07T14:23:20Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Kwa Ibo | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Nigeria | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka ka galo | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Abia State|Gobolka Abia]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|4|32|27|N|7|59|19|E|type:river|display=it}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = Badweynta Atlaantik | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Kwa Ibo''' (sidoo kale '''''Webiga Quaibo''''') waa webi ka soo bilowda meel u dhow [[Umuahia]] ee [[Abia State|Gobolka Abia]], [[Nigeria]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwa Ibo River, Nigeria |url=https://ng.geoview.info/kwa_ibo_river,501248510n |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=ng.geoview.info}}</ref> wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhanka koonfur-bari isagoo mara [[Akwa Ibom State|Gobolka Akwa Ibom]] ilaa [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=KWA IBO NIGERIAN RIVERS INDEX A TO Z OCEAN PLASTIC TOP POLLUTERS |url=http://www.oceansplasticleanup.com/Oceans_Seas_Rivers/Kwa_Ibo_Nigerian_Rivers_Plastic_Waste_A_To_Z_Index_Top_Ocean_Polluters.htm |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=www.oceansplasticleanup.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Nigerian rivers among top 20 polluting rivers|url=https://dailytrust.com/nigerian-rivers-among-top-20-polluting-rivers/ |access-date=2023-09-25 |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref> Dhinaca bidix ee Webiga Kwa Ibo qiyaastii {{convert|3|km|mi|0}} u jira afka webiga, waa mid ka mid ah meelaha kalluumeysiga ugu waaweyn ee xeebta Nigeria.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/R9004E/R9004E04.htm |title=Marine fishery resources of Nigeria: A review of exploited fish stocks... |chapter=DESCRIPTION OF FISHERIES |publisher= Fisheries and Aquaculture Department |accessdate=2011-09-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fishing reports, best baits and forecast for fishing in River Kwa Ibo |url=https://fishbrain.com/fishing-waters/pMdk2ZgT/river-kwa-ibo |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Fishbrain |language=en}}</ref> Webiga Kwa Ibo wuxuu sii daayaa 92,900 tan oo caag ah marka la eego qaybta wax-soo-saarka hoose iyo 20,800 tan oo ku jirta qaybta wax-soo-saarka sare. == Wasakhowga == Webiga Kwa Ibo sida uu qabo Tusmada Wasakhowga Caagga ee Webiyada (River Plastic Emissions) wuxuu ka mid yahay 20-ka webi ee ugu wasakhowga badan, isagoo ka mas'uul ah 67 boqolkiiba qulqulka caagga ee caalamiga ah ee gala badweynta.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nigerian rivers among top 20 polluting rivers|url=https://dailytrust.com/nigerian-rivers-among-top-20-polluting-rivers/ |access-date=2023-09-28 |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} gfqdkqe9s4j93nzigqkvw7y0c4hi4um Webiga Oji 0 48613 301011 2026-07-07T14:28:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Webiga Oji |native_name = chioma aneke |other_name = Oji Urban |settlement_type = [[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|LGA]] iyo magaalooyin |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = 3ft |image_seal = |seal_size = | motto = {{force singular}} Midnimo iyo Horumar |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Nigeria |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mapsize = 250 |pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Nigeria |coordinates = {{coord|6|16|N|7|16|E|type:adm2nd_region:NG|display=inline,title}} | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 8 | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-marker = village |subdivision_type = Dalka |subdivision_name = {{flag|Nigeria}} |subdivision_type1 = [[States of Nigeria|Gobol]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name1 = [[Enugu State|Gobolka Enugu]] |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_name3 = |established_title = |established_date = <!-- Area ---------------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = Guddoomiyaha Dawladda Hoose |leader_name1 = Hon. Greg Chijioke Anyaegbudike([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]]) |unit_pref = Metric |area_footnotes = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 403 |area_land_km2 = <!-- Population -----------------------> |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |population_total = 126,587 |population_as_of = 2006 tirakoobka |population_footnotes = |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = Qowmiyadaha |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |population_blank2_title = Diimaha |population_note = |postal_code_type = 3-god ee koodhka boostada |postal_code = 401 |area_code = |iso_code = NG.EN.OR |website = |footnotes = |population_blank1 = |population_blank2 = | |timezone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |blank_name_sec1 = Afka qaran |blank_info_sec1 = [[Igbo language|Igbo]] }} '''Webiga Oji''' waa [[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|Degmo Dawladeed]] (LGA) ka tirsan [[Enugu State|Gobolka Enugu]], [[Nigeria]]. Waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Awka North]] LGA oo ku taal [[Anambra State|Gobolka Anambra]], [[Umunneochi]] LGA oo ku taal [[Abia State|Gobolka Abia]], iyo degmooyinka [[Awgu]], [[Udi]], iyo [[Ezeagu]] oo ku yaal [[Enugu State|Gobolka Enugu]]. Xarunteeda waxaa weeye Degmada Magaalada Oji River. Magaalooyinka ku dhex yaal Oji River LGA waxaa ka mid ah [[Inyi, Nigeria|Inyi]], [[Achi, Enugu|Achi]], Awlaw, [[Akpugo]]eze, iyo [[Ugwuoba]]. Fiiro gaar ah: Oji River Urban waa degmo ka kooban 4 xaafadood. Oji River LGA waxay leedahay baaxad dhan 403&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> iyo dad tiradoodu ahayd 126,587 tirakoobkii 2006. [[Postal code|Koodhka boostada]] ee aaggu waa 401.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |access-date=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Xarunta Korontada ee Webiga Oji''' ([[thermal power station|Thermal Power Station]]), oo ku taal Webiga Oji, Gobolka Enugu, Nigeria, waa mid ka mid ah xarumaha korontada ee yar yar ee la dhisay koonfur-bari Nigeria ka hor xornimadii 1960-kii, iyo ka hor inta aan la hawlgelin Xarunta Wayn ee Korontada [[Hydroelectricity|Biyo-xireenka]] ee [[Kainji Dam]] iyo [[Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station|Jebba Dam]]. Markii hore waxaa loo dhisay in ay soo saarto awood dhan 10 MW oo koronto ah, iyadoo la adeegsanayo webiga goobta ku yaal iyo dhuxul laga keenay [[Coal|macdanta dhuxusha]] ee Enugu oo 50&nbsp;km u jirta, iyadoo loo soo rarayay baaldiyo fiilooyinka dushooda mara. Ka dib dagaalkii sokeeye ee Nigeria iyo Biafra, xarunta korontada ayaa kor loo qaaday ilaa 30MW, taas oo koronto siisa aagga, iyo qaybo ka mid ah [[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] iyo meelaha Achi. 28 Janaayo 1956: [[Queen Elizabeth II]], oo ku jirtay booqasho saddex toddobaad ah oo ay ku tagtay Nigeria, ayaa intii ay booqashada ku jirtay booqatay xarunta bukaanka qaaxada (leprosy) iyo xarunta korontada ee cusub ee la dhisay, ee webiga Oji ee Bariga Nigeria. Xaruntu waxaa la sheegay in ay korontadii ugu dambaysay dhalisay 2004. Dawladda Nigeria ayaa ka doodday qorshayaal ku saabsan dib-u-hawlgelinta xarunta, iyadoo la tixgelinayo in heerka biyaha uu si aad ah hoos ugu dhacay oo aanu hadda awood u lahayn inuu shido turbinadaha si uu u dhaliyo koronto, iyo sidoo kale xiritaanka macdanaha dhuxusha ee magaalada Enugu. Magaalada Webiga Oji waxay hoy u tahay mid ka mid ah xarumaha ugu waaweyn uguna faca weyn ee dhaqancelinta [[leprosy|bukaanada qaaxada]] (leprosy) ee koonfur-bari, iyadoo ku dhow gobolka Anambra. Waxaa markii hore aasaasay kaniisadaha gumeystaha Ingiriiska ee 1930-meeyadii Nigeria. Sannadkii 1944, Guddoomiyihii xilligaas ee Nigeria Sir [[Arthur Richards, 1st Baron Milverton|Arthur Richards]] ayaa si rasmi ah u booqday Xarunta Bukaanka Qaaxada ee Uzuakoli. Booqashadaas ka dib, dawladda Nigeria ayaa xiiso firfircoon u yeelatay hawlaha gumeysiga ee lagu ciribtirayo qaaxada Nigeria iyadoo gacan ka gaysanaysa Xarunta Bukaanka Qaaxada ee Webiga Oji oo ay aasaastay oo ay leedahay Ururka Kaniisadaha Gumeysiga (CMS - laan ka mid ah Anglican communion). Waxa kale oo ay dhistay Xarun Xakameynta Qaaxada oo ku taal Webiga Oji. Dadka badankood ee ka soo jeeda Webiga Oji waa Masiixiyiin, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay yihiin Catholic ama Anglican halka inta soo hartay ay ku dhaqmaan aaminsanaanta maxalliga ah. Magaalada Webiga Oji waxay martigelisaa mid ka mid ah afar goobood oo kaliya oo heer qaran ah, oo loogu talagalay qorista iyo tababarka saraakiisha booliiska ee Kulliyadda Booliiska ee Webiga Oji, taas oo sidoo kale bixisa tababar shaqaalaha kale ee amniga, sida saraakiisha socdaalka ee hubaysan. [[Nigeria Police Force|Ciidanka Booliiska Nigeria]] (NPF) ayaa waxaa u qoondeeyay Qaybta 194 ee dastuurka 1979 inuu yahay booliiska qaranka ee Nigeria oo leh awood gaar ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. == Sawirro == <gallery> File:Make-Up Artist Preparing an Atilogu Dancer - Igbo Tribe - Oji River - Enugu State - Nigeria.jpg| Farsamoyaqaan isqurxin oo diyaarinaya qoob-ka-ciyaarka Atilogu - Qabiilka Igbo - Webiga Oji - Gobolka Enugu - Nigeria. File:Oji Alum Rapids 2.jpg|Rivulet ee webiga Oji oo dhex mara bulshada Inyi, oo loo aqoonsaday inay tahay xawaare heerka koowaad ah oo leh geedo daboolan. File:Oji river settlement leprosy service enugu.jpg|Xarunta adeegga bukaanka qaaxada ee degmada webiga Oji File:Fedral cooperative college, oji river Enugu.jpg|Kulliyadda iskaashatada federaalka, Webiga Oji Enugu </gallery> == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Chidozie Awaziem]]- Super Eagles iyo ciyaaryahankii hore ee FC Porto. * Engineer [[Osita Charles Ezedozie]]- Agaasimihii hore ee ferma iyo wasaaradda shaqada ee Nigeria. * [[Kgb Oguakwa]]- Siyaasi u dhashay Nigeria, xubin hore oo ka tirsan golaha wakiilada. * [[Kamtochukwu Igweobi]]- farmashiiste u dhashay Nigeria, aasaasaha orange drugs. * [[Allison Madueke]]- Guddoomiyihii hore ee millatariga ee Lagos iyo gobolada IMO. * Marxuum [[Silas Ilo]]- Wasiirkii hore ee caafimaadka ee gobolka. *{{C|Goobaha dadku ku nool yihiin ee Gobolka Enugu}} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Enugu State}} pqjaw79db0ofdqhfi0p5d3ofzh3bsaj 301012 301011 2026-07-07T14:29:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Webiga Oji |native_name = chioma aneke |other_name = Oji Urban |settlement_type = [[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|LGA]] iyo magaalooyin |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = 3ft |image_seal = |seal_size = | motto = {{force singular}} Midnimo iyo Horumar |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Nigeria |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mapsize = 250 |pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Nigeria |coordinates = {{coord|6|16|N|7|16|E|type:adm2nd_region:NG|display=inline,title}} | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 8 | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-marker = village |subdivision_type = Dalka |subdivision_name = {{flag|Nigeria}} |subdivision_type1 = [[States of Nigeria|Gobol]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name1 = [[Enugu State|Gobolka Enugu]] |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_name3 = |established_title = |established_date = <!-- Area ---------------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = Guddoomiyaha Dawladda Hoose |leader_name1 = Hon. Greg Chijioke Anyaegbudike([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]]) |unit_pref = Metric |area_footnotes = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 403 |area_land_km2 = <!-- Population -----------------------> |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |population_total = 126,587 |population_as_of = 2006 tirakoobka |population_footnotes = |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = Qowmiyadaha |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |population_blank2_title = Diimaha |population_note = |postal_code_type = 3-god ee koodhka boostada |postal_code = 401 |area_code = |iso_code = NG.EN.OR |website = |footnotes = |population_blank1 = |population_blank2 = | |timezone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |blank_name_sec1 = Afka qaran |blank_info_sec1 = [[Igbo language|Igbo]] }} '''Webiga Oji''' waa [[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|Degmo Dawladeed]] (LGA) ka tirsan [[Enugu State|Gobolka Enugu]], [[Nigeria]]. Waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Awka North]] LGA oo ku taal [[Anambra State|Gobolka Anambra]], [[Umunneochi]] LGA oo ku taal [[Abia State|Gobolka Abia]], iyo degmooyinka [[Awgu]], [[Udi]], iyo [[Ezeagu]] oo ku yaal [[Enugu State|Gobolka Enugu]]. Xarunteeda waxaa weeye Degmada Magaalada Oji River. Magaalooyinka ku dhex yaal Oji River LGA waxaa ka mid ah [[Inyi, Nigeria|Inyi]], [[Achi, Enugu|Achi]], Awlaw, [[Akpugo]]eze, iyo [[Ugwuoba]]. Fiiro gaar ah: Oji River Urban waa degmo ka kooban 4 xaafadood. Oji River LGA waxay leedahay baaxad dhan 403&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> iyo dad tiradoodu ahayd 126,587 tirakoobkii 2006. [[Postal code|Koodhka boostada]] ee aaggu waa 401.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |access-date=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Xarunta Korontada ee Webiga Oji''' oo ku taal Webiga Oji, Gobolka Enugu, Nigeria, waa mid ka mid ah xarumaha korontada ee yar yar ee la dhisay koonfur-bari Nigeria ka hor xornimadii 1960-kii, iyo ka hor inta aan la hawlgelin Xarunta Wayn ee Korontada [[Hydroelectricity|Biyo-xireenka]] ee [[Kainji Dam]] iyo [[Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station|Jebba Dam]]. Markii hore waxaa loo dhisay in ay soo saarto awood dhan 10 MW oo koronto ah, iyadoo la adeegsanayo webiga goobta ku yaal iyo dhuxul laga keenay [[Coal|macdanta dhuxusha]] ee Enugu oo 50&nbsp;km u jirta, iyadoo loo soo rarayay baaldiyo fiilooyinka dushooda mara. Ka dib dagaalkii sokeeye ee Nigeria iyo Biafra, xarunta korontada ayaa kor loo qaaday ilaa 30MW, taas oo koronto siisa aagga, iyo qaybo ka mid ah [[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] iyo meelaha Achi. 28 Janaayo 1956: [[Queen Elizabeth II]], oo ku jirtay booqasho saddex toddobaad ah oo ay ku tagtay Nigeria, ayaa intii ay booqashada ku jirtay booqatay xarunta bukaanka qaaxada (leprosy) iyo xarunta korontada ee cusub ee la dhisay, ee webiga Oji ee Bariga Nigeria. Xaruntu waxaa la sheegay in ay korontadii ugu dambaysay dhalisay 2004. Dawladda Nigeria ayaa ka doodday qorshayaal ku saabsan dib-u-hawlgelinta xarunta, iyadoo la tixgelinayo in heerka biyaha uu si aad ah hoos ugu dhacay oo aanu hadda awood u lahayn inuu shido turbinadaha si uu u dhaliyo koronto, iyo sidoo kale xiritaanka macdanaha dhuxusha ee magaalada Enugu. Magaalada Webiga Oji waxay hoy u tahay mid ka mid ah xarumaha ugu waaweyn uguna faca weyn ee dhaqancelinta [[leprosy|bukaanada qaaxada]] (leprosy) ee koonfur-bari, iyadoo ku dhow gobolka Anambra. Waxaa markii hore aasaasay kaniisadaha gumeystaha Ingiriiska ee 1930-meeyadii Nigeria. Sannadkii 1944, Guddoomiyihii xilligaas ee Nigeria Sir [[Arthur Richards, 1st Baron Milverton|Arthur Richards]] ayaa si rasmi ah u booqday Xarunta Bukaanka Qaaxada ee Uzuakoli. Booqashadaas ka dib, dawladda Nigeria ayaa xiiso firfircoon u yeelatay hawlaha gumeysiga ee lagu ciribtirayo qaaxada Nigeria iyadoo gacan ka gaysanaysa Xarunta Bukaanka Qaaxada ee Webiga Oji oo ay aasaastay oo ay leedahay Ururka Kaniisadaha Gumeysiga (CMS - laan ka mid ah Anglican communion). Waxa kale oo ay dhistay Xarun Xakameynta Qaaxada oo ku taal Webiga Oji. Dadka badankood ee ka soo jeeda Webiga Oji waa Masiixiyiin, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay yihiin Catholic ama Anglican halka inta soo hartay ay ku dhaqmaan aaminsanaanta maxalliga ah. Magaalada Webiga Oji waxay martigelisaa mid ka mid ah afar goobood oo kaliya oo heer qaran ah, oo loogu talagalay qorista iyo tababarka saraakiisha booliiska ee Kulliyadda Booliiska ee Webiga Oji, taas oo sidoo kale bixisa tababar shaqaalaha kale ee amniga, sida saraakiisha socdaalka ee hubaysan. [[Nigeria Police Force|Ciidanka Booliiska Nigeria]] (NPF) ayaa waxaa u qoondeeyay Qaybta 194 ee dastuurka 1979 inuu yahay booliiska qaranka ee Nigeria oo leh awood gaar ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. == Sawirro == <gallery> File:Make-Up Artist Preparing an Atilogu Dancer - Igbo Tribe - Oji River - Enugu State - Nigeria.jpg| Farsamoyaqaan isqurxin oo diyaarinaya qoob-ka-ciyaarka Atilogu - Qabiilka Igbo - Webiga Oji - Gobolka Enugu - Nigeria. File:Oji Alum Rapids 2.jpg|Rivulet ee webiga Oji oo dhex mara bulshada Inyi, oo loo aqoonsaday inay tahay xawaare heerka koowaad ah oo leh geedo daboolan. File:Oji river settlement leprosy service enugu.jpg|Xarunta adeegga bukaanka qaaxada ee degmada webiga Oji File:Fedral cooperative college, oji river Enugu.jpg|Kulliyadda iskaashatada federaalka, Webiga Oji Enugu </gallery> == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Chidozie Awaziem]]- Super Eagles iyo ciyaaryahankii hore ee FC Porto. * Engineer [[Osita Charles Ezedozie]]- Agaasimihii hore ee ferma iyo wasaaradda shaqada ee Nigeria. * [[Kgb Oguakwa]]- Siyaasi u dhashay Nigeria, xubin hore oo ka tirsan golaha wakiilada. * [[Kamtochukwu Igweobi]]- farmashiiste u dhashay Nigeria, aasaasaha orange drugs. * [[Allison Madueke]]- Guddoomiyihii hore ee millatariga ee Lagos iyo gobolada IMO. * Marxuum [[Silas Ilo]]- Wasiirkii hore ee caafimaadka ee gobolka. *{{C|Goobaha dadku ku nool yihiin ee Gobolka Enugu}} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Enugu State}} axuzzvpsb43twlpirlhcy9o103y0uqv 301013 301012 2026-07-07T14:30:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Webiga Oji |native_name = chioma aneke |other_name = Oji Urban |settlement_type = [[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|LGA]] iyo magaalooyin |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = 3ft |image_seal = |seal_size = | motto = {{force singular}} Midnimo iyo Horumar |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Nigeria |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mapsize = 250 |pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Nigeria |coordinates = {{coord|6|16|N|7|16|E|type:adm2nd_region:NG|display=inline,title}} | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 8 | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-marker = village |subdivision_type = Dalka |subdivision_name = {{flag|Nigeria}} |subdivision_type1 = [[States of Nigeria|Gobol]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name1 = [[Enugu State|Gobolka Enugu]] |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_name3 = |established_title = |established_date = <!-- Area ---------------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = Guddoomiyaha Dawladda Hoose |leader_name1 = Hon. Greg Chijioke Anyaegbudike([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]]) |unit_pref = Metric |area_footnotes = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 403 |area_land_km2 = <!-- Population -----------------------> |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |population_total = 126,587 |population_as_of = 2006 tirakoobka |population_footnotes = |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = Qowmiyadaha |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |population_blank2_title = Diimaha |population_note = |postal_code_type = 3-god ee koodhka boostada |postal_code = 401 |area_code = |iso_code = NG.EN.OR |website = |footnotes = |population_blank1 = |population_blank2 = | |timezone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |blank_name_sec1 = Afka qaran |blank_info_sec1 = [[Igbo language|Igbo]] }} '''Webiga Oji''' waa [[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|Degmo Dawladeed]] (LGA) ka tirsan [[Enugu State|Gobolka Enugu]], [[Nigeria]]. Waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Awka North]] LGA oo ku taal [[Anambra State|Gobolka Anambra]], [[Umunneochi]] LGA oo ku taal [[Abia State|Gobolka Abia]], iyo degmooyinka [[Awgu]], [[Udi]], iyo [[Ezeagu]] oo ku yaal [[Enugu State|Gobolka Enugu]]. Xarunteeda waxaa weeye Degmada Magaalada Webiga Oji . Magaalooyinka ku dhex yaal Webiga Oji LGA waxaa ka mid ah [[Inyi, Nigeria|Inyi]], [[Achi, Enugu|Achi]], Awlaw, [[Akpugo]]eze, iyo [[Ugwuoba]]. Fiiro gaar ah: Oji River Urban waa degmo ka kooban 4 xaafadood. Oji River LGA waxay leedahay baaxad dhan 403&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> iyo dad tiradoodu ahayd 126,587 tirakoobkii 2006. [[Postal code|Koodhka boostada]] ee aaggu waa 401.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |access-date=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Xarunta Korontada ee Webiga Oji''' oo ku taal Webiga Oji, Gobolka Enugu, Nigeria, waa mid ka mid ah xarumaha korontada ee yar yar ee la dhisay koonfur-bari Nigeria ka hor xornimadii 1960-kii, iyo ka hor inta aan la hawlgelin Xarunta Wayn ee Korontada [[Hydroelectricity|Biyo-xireenka]] ee [[Kainji Dam]] iyo [[Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station|Jebba Dam]]. Markii hore waxaa loo dhisay in ay soo saarto awood dhan 10 MW oo koronto ah, iyadoo la adeegsanayo webiga goobta ku yaal iyo dhuxul laga keenay [[Coal|macdanta dhuxusha]] ee Enugu oo 50&nbsp;km u jirta, iyadoo loo soo rarayay baaldiyo fiilooyinka dushooda mara. Ka dib dagaalkii sokeeye ee Nigeria iyo Biafra, xarunta korontada ayaa kor loo qaaday ilaa 30MW, taas oo koronto siisa aagga, iyo qaybo ka mid ah [[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] iyo meelaha Achi. 28 Janaayo 1956: [[Queen Elizabeth II]], oo ku jirtay booqasho saddex toddobaad ah oo ay ku tagtay Nigeria, ayaa intii ay booqashada ku jirtay booqatay xarunta bukaanka qaaxada (leprosy) iyo xarunta korontada ee cusub ee la dhisay, ee webiga Oji ee Bariga Nigeria. Xaruntu waxaa la sheegay in ay korontadii ugu dambaysay dhalisay 2004. Dawladda Nigeria ayaa ka doodday qorshayaal ku saabsan dib-u-hawlgelinta xarunta, iyadoo la tixgelinayo in heerka biyaha uu si aad ah hoos ugu dhacay oo aanu hadda awood u lahayn inuu shido turbinadaha si uu u dhaliyo koronto, iyo sidoo kale xiritaanka macdanaha dhuxusha ee magaalada Enugu. Magaalada Webiga Oji waxay hoy u tahay mid ka mid ah xarumaha ugu waaweyn uguna faca weyn ee dhaqancelinta [[leprosy|bukaanada qaaxada]] (leprosy) ee koonfur-bari, iyadoo ku dhow gobolka Anambra. Waxaa markii hore aasaasay kaniisadaha gumeystaha Ingiriiska ee 1930-meeyadii Nigeria. Sannadkii 1944, Guddoomiyihii xilligaas ee Nigeria Sir [[Arthur Richards, 1st Baron Milverton|Arthur Richards]] ayaa si rasmi ah u booqday Xarunta Bukaanka Qaaxada ee Uzuakoli. Booqashadaas ka dib, dawladda Nigeria ayaa xiiso firfircoon u yeelatay hawlaha gumeysiga ee lagu ciribtirayo qaaxada Nigeria iyadoo gacan ka gaysanaysa Xarunta Bukaanka Qaaxada ee Webiga Oji oo ay aasaastay oo ay leedahay Ururka Kaniisadaha Gumeysiga (CMS - laan ka mid ah Anglican communion). Waxa kale oo ay dhistay Xarun Xakameynta Qaaxada oo ku taal Webiga Oji. Dadka badankood ee ka soo jeeda Webiga Oji waa Masiixiyiin, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay yihiin Catholic ama Anglican halka inta soo hartay ay ku dhaqmaan aaminsanaanta maxalliga ah. Magaalada Webiga Oji waxay martigelisaa mid ka mid ah afar goobood oo kaliya oo heer qaran ah, oo loogu talagalay qorista iyo tababarka saraakiisha booliiska ee Kulliyadda Booliiska ee Webiga Oji, taas oo sidoo kale bixisa tababar shaqaalaha kale ee amniga, sida saraakiisha socdaalka ee hubaysan. [[Nigeria Police Force|Ciidanka Booliiska Nigeria]] (NPF) ayaa waxaa u qoondeeyay Qaybta 194 ee dastuurka 1979 inuu yahay booliiska qaranka ee Nigeria oo leh awood gaar ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. == Sawirro == <gallery> File:Make-Up Artist Preparing an Atilogu Dancer - Igbo Tribe - Oji River - Enugu State - Nigeria.jpg| Farsamoyaqaan isqurxin oo diyaarinaya qoob-ka-ciyaarka Atilogu - Qabiilka Igbo - Webiga Oji - Gobolka Enugu - Nigeria. File:Oji Alum Rapids 2.jpg|Rivulet ee webiga Oji oo dhex mara bulshada Inyi, oo loo aqoonsaday inay tahay xawaare heerka koowaad ah oo leh geedo daboolan. File:Oji river settlement leprosy service enugu.jpg|Xarunta adeegga bukaanka qaaxada ee degmada webiga Oji File:Fedral cooperative college, oji river Enugu.jpg|Kulliyadda iskaashatada federaalka, Webiga Oji Enugu </gallery> == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Chidozie Awaziem]]- Super Eagles iyo ciyaaryahankii hore ee FC Porto. * Engineer [[Osita Charles Ezedozie]]- Agaasimihii hore ee ferma iyo wasaaradda shaqada ee Nigeria. * [[Kgb Oguakwa]]- Siyaasi u dhashay Nigeria, xubin hore oo ka tirsan golaha wakiilada. * [[Kamtochukwu Igweobi]]- farmashiiste u dhashay Nigeria, aasaasaha orange drugs. * [[Allison Madueke]]- Guddoomiyihii hore ee millatariga ee Lagos iyo gobolada IMO. * Marxuum [[Silas Ilo]]- Wasiirkii hore ee caafimaadka ee gobolka. *{{C|Goobaha dadku ku nool yihiin ee Gobolka Enugu}} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Enugu State}} jei1jfb4v8owk1isb34cf1sgzumaqe7 Webiga Jama'are 0 48614 301014 2026-07-07T14:33:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Jama’are | name_native = | name_other = Webiga Bunga | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Nigeria]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Yobe River|Webiga Yobe]] | mouth_location = Burum Gana, Webiga Burum Gana | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = [[Jama’are River|Webiga Jama’are]] | tributaries_right =[[Hadejia River|Webiga Hadejia]], iyo [[Komadugu Gana River|Webiga Komadugu Gana]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Yobe river catchment area.png|thumb|right|300px|Aagga biyaha ee Webiga Yobe<ref>{{Cite web | title=a: Map of Hadejia-Jama’are River Basin showing some Dam locations in... {{!}} Download Scientific Diagram | url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/a-Map-of-Hadejia-Jamaare-River-Basin-showing-some-Dam-locations-in-Northern-Nigeria_fig1_280082347 | access-date=2025-12-28 }}</ref>]] '''Webiga Jama'are''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Webiga Bunga''' qaybtiisa sare, wuxuu ka bilaabmaa dhulalka sare ee u dhow [[Jos]], [[Plateau State|Gobolka Plateau]], [[Nigeria]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa waqooyi-bari isagoo mara [[Bauchi State|Gobolka Bauchi]] iyo [[Yobe State|Gobolka Yobe]] ka hor inta uusan ku biirin [[Hadejia River|Webiga Hadejia]] si uu u sameeyo [[Yobe River|Webiga Yobe]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Jamaare | title=Jama'are &#124; Hausa Town, Local Government & History &#124; Britannica }}</ref> Waxaa dhawaan jiray muran ku saabsan qorshe lagu dhisayo [[Kafin Zaki Dam|Biyo-xireenka Kafin Zaki]] ee webigan, iyadoo ay jiraan walaac laga qabo saameynta ay ku yeelan karto [[flooding|daadadka]] xilliyada iyo miiska biyaha.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pi.library.yorku.ca/ojs/index.php/refuge/article/viewFile/21922/20591 |title=Dam Politics in Northern Nigeria: The Case of the Kafin Zaki Dam |author=Kole Ahmed Shettima |publisher=York University, Canada |accessdate=2009-10-01}}</ref> == Cimilada == Jama'are, oo jooggeedu yahay 0 mitir/feet oo ka sarreeya heerka badda, waxay leedahay cimilo kulul oo qoyan iyo mid qalalan ama [[savanna|safaana]]. Degmadu waxay leedahay celcelis heerkul sannadle ah oo dhan {{cvt|30.37|°C}}, kaas oo 0.91% ka sarreeya celceliska qaranka ee Nigeria. Celceliska [[precipitation|roobabka]] sannadlaha ah ee Jama'are waa {{cvt|90.02|mm}}, iyadoo ay jiraan 121.31 maalmood oo qoyan (33.24% wakhtiga).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jama'are Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/61874/Average-Weather-in-Jama%E2%80%99are-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref> == Xiriirinta dibadda == *{{cite web |url=http://www.kyb-project.net/_products/200511-pre_water_audit_KYB.pdf |title=Pre-water audit for the Komadugu-Yobe River Basin, northern Nigeria and southern Niger |date=August 2005 |publisher=Komadugu-Yobe Basin Project |accessdate=2009-10-01 }} *{{cite web |url=http://www.cig.ensmp.fr/~iahs/hsj/400/hysj_40_01_0097.pdf |title=Hydrological modelling and the sustainable development of the Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria |date=February 1995 |publisher=Hydrological Sciences -Journal- des Sciences Hydrologiques,40,1 |accessdate=2009-10-01 }} == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{coord missing|Nigeria}} n33b9ri3d46loufoj7051xl1jjuuqu2 Webiga Yobe 0 48615 301015 2026-07-07T14:35:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Yobe | native_name = {{langx|fr|Komadougou Yobé}} | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = Yobe river catchment area.png | image_caption = Aagga biyaha ee Webiga Yobe | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[West Africa|Galbeedka Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Waddamada | subdivision_name2 = [[Nigeria]], [[Niger]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|200|mi|km}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Lake Chad|Harada Chad]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|...|display=inline,title}} --> | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | cities = [[Gashua]], [[Geidam]], [[Damasak]], [[Diffa]] | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Yobe''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Komadougou Yobe''' ama '''Komadugu''' ama '''Komadougou-Yobe''' ({{langx|fr|Komadougou Yobé}}), waa [[list of African rivers|webi]] ku yaal [[West Africa|Galbeedka Afrika]] kaas oo ku shuba [[Lake Chad|Harada Chad]] isagoo mara [[Nigeria]] iyo [[Niger]].<ref name=eb>{{cite encyclopedia|url= http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-55020/Niger|title= Niger|access-date= 2007-05-13|encyclopedia= [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]|publisher= [[Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc]]|archive-date= 2008-06-17|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080617022422/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-55020/Niger|url-status= live}}</ref><ref name="h812">{{Cite web |title=Komadugu Yobe River |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Komadugu-Yobe-River |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162049/https://www.britannica.com/place/Komadugu-Yobe-River |url-status=live }}</ref> tributaries-kiisa waxaa ka mid ah [[Hadejia River|Webiga Hadejia]], [[Jama'are River|Webiga Jama'are]],<ref name=eb2>{{cite encyclopedia| encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica Online| title = Hadejia| url = http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9038730/Hadejia| access-date = 2007-05-13| publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc| archive-date = 2008-05-27| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080527234738/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9038730/Hadejia| url-status = live}}</ref> iyo [[Komadugu Gana River|Webiga Komadugu Gana]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 10 Best River in Yobe reviews |url=https://ng.africabz.com/yobe/river |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=ng.africabz.com}}</ref> Webigu wuxuu qayb yar ka sameeyaa xuduudda caalamiga ah ee u dhaxaysa Niger iyo Nigeria oo dhererkeedu yahay 95 mayl (150 km) wuxuuna qulqulaa wadar ahaan 200 mayl (320 km).<ref name="h812" /> Waxaa jira walaac laga qabo isbeddellada ku yimaada qulqulka webiga, dhaqaalaha, iyo deegaanka sababo la xiriira biyo-xireennada kor ku yaal, ka ugu weyn ee hadda jira uu yahay [[Tiga Dam|Biyo-xireenka Tiga]] oo ku yaal [[Kano State|Gobolka Kano]], iyadoo qorshayaal laga hadlayo [[Kafin Zaki Dam|Biyo-xireenka Kafin Zaki]] oo ku yaal [[Bauchi State|Gobolka Bauchi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pi.library.yorku.ca/ojs/index.php/refuge/article/viewFile/21922/20591 |title=Dam Politics in Northern Nigeria: The Case of the Kafin Zaki Dam |author=Kole Ahmed Shettima |publisher=York University, Canada |access-date=2009-10-01 |archive-date=2013-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110073645/http://pi.library.yorku.ca/ojs/index.php/refuge/article/viewFile/21922/20591 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Komadougou Foureau II.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Webiga Yobe sannadkii 1900]] Webiga Yobe wuxuu bixiyaa hab-nololeed boqolaal kun oo qof oo ka shaqeeya noocyo kala duwan oo ganacsi iyo beeraha ah oo ku teedsan dhererkiisa ku dhawaad 200 km ee gobolka waqooyi, kaas oo ka kooban toddobo degmo dawladeed (LGAs) laga soo bilaabo Nguru ilaa Yunusari.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-06-16 |title=River Yobe and climate change |url=https://dailytrust.com/river-yobe-and-climate-change/ |access-date=2023-07-12 |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712190543/https://dailytrust.com/river-yobe-and-climate-change/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Magaalooyinka caanka ah ee u dhow webiga waxaa ka mid ah [[Gashua]], [[Geidam]], iyo [[Damasak]] oo ku yaal [[Nigeria]], iyo [[Diffa]] oo ku yaal [[Niger]]. == Wasakhowga == Qaar ka mid ah dadka deegaanka miyiga ee Yobe ayaa ka cabtay in [[Chemical substance|kiimikooyinka]] iyo alaabada qashinka ah ay [[Contamination|wasakheeyeen]] ilo biyo oo kala duwan oo ku yaal bulshadooda, taas oo khatar ku ah nolosha.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rural dwellers in Yobe raise alarm on water pollution |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nnorth-east/141355-rural-dwellers-in-yobe-raise-alarm-on-water-pollution.html |access-date=2023-09-15 |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|archive-date=2023-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112075639/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nnorth-east/141355-rural-dwellers-in-yobe-raise-alarm-on-water-pollution.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Tijaabooyin biyo ayaa laga ururiyay Webiga Yobe intii lagu jiray xilliyada duufaanta iyo qalalan ee Nguru, Gashua, Azbak, Dumsai, iyo Wachakal. Tijaabooyinka waxaa loo falanqeeyay qaybaha macdanta oo ay ku jiraan Zn, Pb, Fe, Mn, iyo Mg iyadoo la adeegsanayo Nuclear Assimilation Spectrometry (AAS) halka Na, Ca, iyo K la falanqeeyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo Fire Emanation Spectrometry (FES). Meelaha ay ka midka yihiin uruurinta biraha waa; Zn (7.06 mg/dm3 – 13.44 mg/dm3), Pb (0.05 mg/dm3 – 0.135 mg/dm3), Fe (0.052 mg/dm3 – 0.53 mg/dm3), Mn (0.102 mg/dm3 – 0.383 mg/dm3), Ca (28.50 mg/dm3 – 87.52 mg/dm3), Mg (7.34 mg/dm3 – 29.4 mg/dm3), Na (13.95 mg/dm3 – 22.98 mg/dm3) iyo K (40.08 mg/dm3 – 78.2 mg/dm3). Laga soo bilaabo heerarka biraha la falanqeeyay, waxaa la soo gabagabeyn karaa in uruurinta Zn, Pb, Fe, iyo Mn ay dhamaantood ka sarreeyeen xadka la oggol yahay ee WHO iyo Carruurta ee dhammaan gobollada la kormeerayo. Tani waxay muujinaysaa korodhka xamuulka wasakheynta birta, malaha sababtoo ah horumarinta bacriminta, qashinka beeraha, iyo qashinka bulaacadaha. Tijaabooyinka biyaha ee laga soo saaray webigan ayaa laga yaabaa inay u adeegaan ujeedooyin beerasho iyo waraabin balse aan ku habboonayn isticmaalka aadanaha.{{citation needed|date=November 2025}} == Tixraac == <references/> {{Commons}} {{coord|12|39|06|N|10|38|50|E|region:NG_type:waterbody_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} t9wfqgn9ypw5k70pj3dsp4dictjqn83 Webiga Ogun 0 48616 301016 2026-07-07T14:39:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ogun | name_other = Odò Ògùn | image =Sun sets at Ogun River.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map =SW Nigeria OSM.png | map_size =250 | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Lagos]] | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | progression = | length = {{convert|480|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|530|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = {{convert|23000|km2|abbr=on}}<ref>[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fb19/bb736cf95a4a76067a6f3f2e13f3b5f64745.pdf Fluid Flow Interactions in Ogun River, Nigeria]</ref> | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Webiga Ogun''' ({{Audio|Ogun_river.wav|listen}}; [[Yoruba language|Af-Yoruba]]: Odò Ògùn) waa marin-biyood ku yaal [[Nigeria]] kaas oo ku shuba [[Lagos Lagoon]]. [[Ogun State|Gobolka Ogun]] waxaa loogu magac daray webiga.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://litcaf.com/ogun-river/#0 | title=Ogun River - LitCaf | date=26 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Each Nigerian State Got Its Name {{!}} Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries |url=https://zodml.org/blog/how-each-nigerian-state-got-its-name#:~:text=NIGER%20-%20Named%20after%20the%20River,significant%20watercourse%20in%20the%20region. |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=zodml.org}}</ref><ref name="premiumtimesng.com">{{Cite news |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/434004-how-unchecked-water-pollution-affects-fishing-communities-in-ogun.html |access-date=2023-09-13 |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|title=How unchecked water pollution affects fishing communities in Ogun}}</ref> == Socodka iyo isticmaalka == [[Webiga]] wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa meel u dhow magaalooyinka [[Sepeteri]] iyo [[Shaki, Nigeria|Shaki]] oo ku yaal waqooyiga [[Oyo State|Gobolka Oyo]] oo isku-duwayaashoodu yihiin {{coord|8|41|0|N|3|28|0|E}} wuxuuna [[Flow (fluid)|u qulqulaa]] inta ka hartay gobolka ilaa [[Ogun State|Gobolka Ogun]] ugu dambeyntiina [[Lagos State|Gobolka Lagos]] halkaas oo uu kaga shubo [[Lagos lagoon]] oo ku taal magaalooyinka Isheri iyo Owode onirin.<ref name="Ayoade2004" /> Webiga waxaa ka gudba [[Ikere Gorge Dam|Biyo-xireenka Ikere Gorge]] oo ku yaal [[Iseyin]] [[degmada dawladda hoose]] ee [[Oyo State|Gobolka Oyo]]. Awoodda keydka biyuhu waa {{convert|690|e6m3|acre foot}}.<ref>{{cite book |page=314 |title=Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Dams in the Societies of the 21st Century, 22nd International Congress on Large Dams (ICOLD), Barcelona, Spain, 18 June 2006 |editor=L. Berga |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2006 |isbn=0-415-40423-1}}</ref> Keydku wuxuu ku dhow yahay [[Old Oyo National Park]], wuxuuna bixiyaa adeegyo [[Recreation|madadaalo]] oo loogu talagalay dalxiisayaasha, webiguna wuxuu maraa baarka dhexdiisa.<ref name="NNPS">{{cite web |url=http://nigeriaparkservice.org/oyo/Default.aspx |title=Old Oyo National Park |publisher=Nigeria National Park Service |access-date=2010-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216091305/http://nigeriaparkservice.org/oyo/Default.aspx/ |archive-date=16 December 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Webiga Ofiki, oo isna ka soo bilaabma meel u dhow Shaki, waa mid ka mid ah webiga [[Ogun State|Ogun]] meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee uu ka soo maaxdo.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Ogun-and-Osun-River-Basins-and-the-Adjacent-Basins_fig2_277233312#:~:text=The%20major%20tributaries%20of%20the,season%20between%20April%20and%20October. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Ogun-and-Osun-River-Basins-and-the-Adjacent-Basins_fig2_277233312#:~:text=The%20major%20tributaries%20of%20the,season%20between%20April%20and%20October.]</ref> [[Oyan River Dam|Webiga Oyan]], oo ah marin kale, waxaa ka gudba [[Oyan River Dam|Biyo-xireenka Webiga Oyan]] kaas oo biyo siiya [[Abeokuta]] iyo [[Lagos]].<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2022-09-22 |title=Flood threat: Ogun border community cries out over opening Oyan River dam |url=https://guardian.ng/news/flood-threat-ogun-border-community-cries-out-over-opening-oyan-river-dam/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Meelaha ay dadku ku badan yihiin, webiga waxaa loo isticmaalaa [[bathing|qubeys]], [[washing|dhaqid]], iyo [[drinking|cabbid]]. Waxa kale oo uu u adeegaa sidii bullaacad qashinka dabiiciga ah inta badan laga keeno [[abattoirs|meelaha lagu qalo xoolaha]] ee ku yaal webiga jiinkiisa.<ref name="Ayoade2004" /> == Taariikhda == [[File:-phemmyphotography@PHEMMY PHOTOGRAPHY@olumo-71.jpg|thumb|Buundada Aro ee dul marta webiga Ogun]] Diinta [[Yoruba religion|Yoruba]], [[Yemoja]] waa [[divinity|ilaahada]] Webiga Ogun. [[Catechist|Cadekiistaha]] [[Charles Phillips (bishop)|Charles Phillips]], oo ahaa aabbaha [[Charles Phillips (bishop)|Charles Phillips]] oo markii dambe noqday [[Bishop]]-ka [[Ondo State|Gobolka Ondo]], ayaa qoray 1857 in Webiga Ogun uu guud ahaan ahaa mid ay [[Worship|caabudaan]] dadka ku nool jiinkiisa laga soo bilaabo halka uu ka soo maaxdo ilaa meesha uu kaga shubo [[lagoon|bada gudaheeda]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BIdITHIAEs0C&pg=PA201 |title=Hail Orisha!: a phenomenology of a West African religion in the mid-nineteenth century |first=Peter Rutherford |last=McKenzie |publisher=BRILL |year=1997 |page=30 |isbn=90-04-10942-0}}</ref> Webigu wuxuu dhex maraa wadnaha boqortooyadii hore ee [[Oyo Empire]]. Magaalada [[Oyo State|Oyo]] waxaa loo qaybiyay lix [[Province|gobol]], iyadoo saddex ay ku yaalliin dhinaca galbeed ee Webiga Ogun saddexna ay ku yaalliin dhinaca bari ee webiga.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Stride, G.T. |author2=C. Ifeka |name-list-style=amp |page=296 |title=Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in History 1000–1800 |publisher=Nelson |location=Edinburgh |year=1971 |isbn=0-17-511448-X}}</ref> Wakhti ka mid ah, webigu wuxuu ahaa marin muhiim ah oo ay ganacsatadu alaab ku qaadaan doonyo u dhexeeya [[Abeokuta]] iyo [[Lagos Colony]].<ref>{{cite book |ref={{harv|Foreign and Commonwealth}} |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5kAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA381 |title=British and foreign state papers, Volume 54 |author=Foreign and Commonwealth Office |publisher=H.M.S.O. |year=1859}}</ref> == Sawirro == <gallery> File:Ogun river in Abeokuta Ogun State, Nigeria.jpg|Webiga Ogun ee Abeokuta kaas oo dadka deegaanku u yaqaannaan "Odo Ogun". File:Ogun river view from Olumo top in Abeokuta, Ogun State-Nigeria.jpg|Webiga Ogun oo laga arkayo dusha sare ee [[Olumo Rock|dhagaxa Olumo]] ee [[Abeokuta]], [[Ogun State|gobolka Ogun]] File:Sun sets at Ogun River.jpg|Qorrax dhaca Webiga Ogun File:Birds Cloaking on a Tree Beside Ogun River.jpg|Waaberiga Webiga Ogun File:Bridge over Ògùn river.jpg|Buundo dul marta Webiga Ogun File:River Ogun Bridge Enterance (Enu Gada) (1).jpg|Irridka buundada Webiga Ogun File:-phemmyphotography@PHEMMY PHOTOGRAPHY@olumo-71.jpg|Buundada Aro oo dul marta webiga Ogun </gallery> == Tixraac == {{Reflist |refs= <ref name=Ayoade2004>{{cite journal |url=http://www.ots.ac.cr/tropiweb/attachments/volumes/vol52-1/21-AYOADE-171-176.pdf |title=Gill asymmetry in Labeo ogunensis from Ogun river, Southwest Nigeria |author1=A.A. Ayoade, A.A. Sowunmi |author2=H.I. Nwachukwu |name-list-style=amp |journal=Rev. Biol. Trop. |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=171–175 |year=2004|doi=10.15517/rbt.v52i1.14821 |pmid=17357414 }}</ref> }} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|6.745589|N|3.34259|E|display=title}} 5x6t24bava6d2jlbctblgqnvcpvqkhp 301017 301016 2026-07-07T14:40:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ogun | name_other = Odò Ògùn | image =Sun sets at Ogun River.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map =SW Nigeria OSM.png | map_size =250 | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Lagos]] | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | progression = | length = {{convert|480|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|530|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = {{convert|23000|km2|abbr=on}}<ref>[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fb19/bb736cf95a4a76067a6f3f2e13f3b5f64745.pdf Fluid Flow Interactions in Ogun River, Nigeria]</ref> | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Webiga Ogun''' ({{Audio|Ogun_river.wav|dhegeyso}}; [[Yoruba language|Af-Yoruba]]: Odò Ògùn) waa marin-biyood ku yaal [[Nigeria]] kaas oo ku shuba [[Lagos Lagoon]]. [[Ogun State|Gobolka Ogun]] waxaa loogu magac daray webiga.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://litcaf.com/ogun-river/#0 | title=Ogun River - LitCaf | date=26 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Each Nigerian State Got Its Name {{!}} Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries |url=https://zodml.org/blog/how-each-nigerian-state-got-its-name#:~:text=NIGER%20-%20Named%20after%20the%20River,significant%20watercourse%20in%20the%20region. |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=zodml.org}}</ref><ref name="premiumtimesng.com">{{Cite news |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/434004-how-unchecked-water-pollution-affects-fishing-communities-in-ogun.html |access-date=2023-09-13 |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|title=How unchecked water pollution affects fishing communities in Ogun}}</ref> == Socodka iyo isticmaalka == [[Webiga]] wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa meel u dhow magaalooyinka [[Sepeteri]] iyo [[Shaki, Nigeria|Shaki]] oo ku yaal waqooyiga [[Oyo State|Gobolka Oyo]] oo isku-duwayaashoodu yihiin {{coord|8|41|0|N|3|28|0|E}} wuxuuna [[Flow (fluid)|u qulqulaa]] inta ka hartay gobolka ilaa [[Ogun State|Gobolka Ogun]] ugu dambeyntiina [[Lagos State|Gobolka Lagos]] halkaas oo uu kaga shubo [[Lagos lagoon]] oo ku taal magaalooyinka Isheri iyo Owode onirin.<ref name="Ayoade2004" /> Webiga waxaa ka gudba [[Ikere Gorge Dam|Biyo-xireenka Ikere Gorge]] oo ku yaal [[Iseyin]] [[degmada dawladda hoose]] ee [[Oyo State|Gobolka Oyo]]. Awoodda keydka biyuhu waa {{convert|690|e6m3|acre foot}}.<ref>{{cite book |page=314 |title=Dams and Reservoirs, Societies and Environment in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Dams in the Societies of the 21st Century, 22nd International Congress on Large Dams (ICOLD), Barcelona, Spain, 18 June 2006 |editor=L. Berga |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2006 |isbn=0-415-40423-1}}</ref> Keydku wuxuu ku dhow yahay [[Old Oyo National Park]], wuxuuna bixiyaa adeegyo [[Recreation|madadaalo]] oo loogu talagalay dalxiisayaasha, webiguna wuxuu maraa baarka dhexdiisa.<ref name="NNPS">{{cite web |url=http://nigeriaparkservice.org/oyo/Default.aspx |title=Old Oyo National Park |publisher=Nigeria National Park Service |access-date=2010-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216091305/http://nigeriaparkservice.org/oyo/Default.aspx/ |archive-date=16 December 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Webiga Ofiki, oo isna ka soo bilaabma meel u dhow Shaki, waa mid ka mid ah webiga [[Ogun State|Ogun]] meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee uu ka soo maaxdo.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Ogun-and-Osun-River-Basins-and-the-Adjacent-Basins_fig2_277233312#:~:text=The%20major%20tributaries%20of%20the,season%20between%20April%20and%20October. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Ogun-and-Osun-River-Basins-and-the-Adjacent-Basins_fig2_277233312#:~:text=The%20major%20tributaries%20of%20the,season%20between%20April%20and%20October.]</ref> [[Oyan River Dam|Webiga Oyan]], oo ah marin kale, waxaa ka gudba [[Oyan River Dam|Biyo-xireenka Webiga Oyan]] kaas oo biyo siiya [[Abeokuta]] iyo [[Lagos]].<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2022-09-22 |title=Flood threat: Ogun border community cries out over opening Oyan River dam |url=https://guardian.ng/news/flood-threat-ogun-border-community-cries-out-over-opening-oyan-river-dam/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-10 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Meelaha ay dadku ku badan yihiin, webiga waxaa loo isticmaalaa [[bathing|qubeys]], [[washing|dhaqid]], iyo [[drinking|cabbid]]. Waxa kale oo uu u adeegaa sidii bullaacad qashinka dabiiciga ah inta badan laga keeno [[abattoirs|meelaha lagu qalo xoolaha]] ee ku yaal webiga jiinkiisa.<ref name="Ayoade2004" /> == Taariikhda == [[File:-phemmyphotography@PHEMMY PHOTOGRAPHY@olumo-71.jpg|thumb|Buundada Aro ee dul marta webiga Ogun]] Diinta [[Yoruba religion|Yoruba]], [[Yemoja]] waa [[divinity|ilaahada]] Webiga Ogun. [[Catechist|Cadekiistaha]] [[Charles Phillips (bishop)|Charles Phillips]], oo ahaa aabbaha [[Charles Phillips (bishop)|Charles Phillips]] oo markii dambe noqday [[Bishop]]-ka [[Ondo State|Gobolka Ondo]], ayaa qoray 1857 in Webiga Ogun uu guud ahaan ahaa mid ay [[Worship|caabudaan]] dadka ku nool jiinkiisa laga soo bilaabo halka uu ka soo maaxdo ilaa meesha uu kaga shubo [[lagoon|bada gudaheeda]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BIdITHIAEs0C&pg=PA201 |title=Hail Orisha!: a phenomenology of a West African religion in the mid-nineteenth century |first=Peter Rutherford |last=McKenzie |publisher=BRILL |year=1997 |page=30 |isbn=90-04-10942-0}}</ref> Webigu wuxuu dhex maraa wadnaha boqortooyadii hore ee [[Oyo Empire]]. Magaalada [[Oyo State|Oyo]] waxaa loo qaybiyay lix [[Province|gobol]], iyadoo saddex ay ku yaalliin dhinaca galbeed ee Webiga Ogun saddexna ay ku yaalliin dhinaca bari ee webiga.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Stride, G.T. |author2=C. Ifeka |name-list-style=amp |page=296 |title=Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in History 1000–1800 |publisher=Nelson |location=Edinburgh |year=1971 |isbn=0-17-511448-X}}</ref> Wakhti ka mid ah, webigu wuxuu ahaa marin muhiim ah oo ay ganacsatadu alaab ku qaadaan doonyo u dhexeeya [[Abeokuta]] iyo [[Lagos Colony]].<ref>{{cite book |ref={{harv|Foreign and Commonwealth}} |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5kAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA381 |title=British and foreign state papers, Volume 54 |author=Foreign and Commonwealth Office |publisher=H.M.S.O. |year=1859}}</ref> == Sawirro == <gallery> File:Ogun river in Abeokuta Ogun State, Nigeria.jpg|Webiga Ogun ee Abeokuta kaas oo dadka deegaanku u yaqaannaan "Odo Ogun". File:Ogun river view from Olumo top in Abeokuta, Ogun State-Nigeria.jpg|Webiga Ogun oo laga arkayo dusha sare ee [[Olumo Rock|dhagaxa Olumo]] ee [[Abeokuta]], [[Ogun State|gobolka Ogun]] File:Sun sets at Ogun River.jpg|Qorrax dhaca Webiga Ogun File:Birds Cloaking on a Tree Beside Ogun River.jpg|Waaberiga Webiga Ogun File:Bridge over Ògùn river.jpg|Buundo dul marta Webiga Ogun File:River Ogun Bridge Enterance (Enu Gada) (1).jpg|Irridka buundada Webiga Ogun File:-phemmyphotography@PHEMMY PHOTOGRAPHY@olumo-71.jpg|Buundada Aro oo dul marta webiga Ogun </gallery> == Tixraac == {{Reflist |refs= <ref name=Ayoade2004>{{cite journal |url=http://www.ots.ac.cr/tropiweb/attachments/volumes/vol52-1/21-AYOADE-171-176.pdf |title=Gill asymmetry in Labeo ogunensis from Ogun river, Southwest Nigeria |author1=A.A. Ayoade, A.A. Sowunmi |author2=H.I. Nwachukwu |name-list-style=amp |journal=Rev. Biol. Trop. |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=171–175 |year=2004|doi=10.15517/rbt.v52i1.14821 |pmid=17357414 }}</ref> }} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|6.745589|N|3.34259|E|display=title}} e2bjhsq0v37f3k046ex2wnk8iszis2p Webiga Erinle 0 48617 301018 2026-07-07T14:42:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Erinle | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = Nigeria | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Ido-Osun]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7.754543|4.450087|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = Nigeria | subdivision_type2 = Goobta | subdivision_name2 = [[Osun State|Gobolka Osun]] | etymology = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = [[Osun River|Webiga Osun]] | tributaries_left = [[Otin River|Webiga Otin]] | tributaries_right = Webiga Iyalupo | custom_label = | custom_data = }} '''Webiga Erinle''' ({{Audio|Erinle.wav|listen}}) waa webi ku yaal magaaladii hore ee [[Ido-Osun]], [[Egbedore|Degmada Dawladda Hoose ee Egbedore]], [[Osun State|Gobolka Osun]], Nigeria, waana [[tributary|gacan-biyood]] midig u ah [[Osun River|Webiga Osun]], kaas oo uu ka galo waqooyiga u dhow Ido-Osun, oo ka hooseeya Biyo-xireenka Erinle.{{cn|date=August 2023}} Keyd kale, [[Dam|Biyo-xireenka]] cusub ee Erinle, ayaa ku yaal meel sare oo webiga ka mid ah.{{cn|date=August 2023}} Biyaha labada biyo-xireen waxay biyo siiyaan [[Osogbo]], oo ah caasimadda gobolka.{{cn|date=August 2023}} Dhowr mitir u jira webiga waxaa ku yaal M.K.O. Abiola International Airport, Ido-Osun iyo sidoo kale xaruntii hore ee korontada ee Nigeria, Erinle Power Station ee Ido-Osun, Gobolka Osun. == Magaca == Dhaqanka [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]], [[Erinle]] waa aag qadiimi ah oo ku yaal [[Ido-Osun]], oo lagu yaqaanay inay ku noolaadaan maroodi iyo hippos tiro badan waagii hore. Aaggu wuxuu aad muhiim ugu yahay Ido-Osun maadaama tani ay tahay meel ama isgoys halkaas oo Osunronke oo ahayd hooyadii awoowga u ahayd amiirrada Ido-Osun oo isu beddeshay webi si ay u muujiso jidka guriga lagu noqdo ka dib safarkii addoonsiga ee duullaankii Ijebu-Ekiti ee Ido-Osun kaas oo magaciisii hore ahaa Igbo Oyiowo (Kaynta Oyiowo) markii khadka webiga mystic Osun uu dadka u hoggaamiyey guriga, wuxuu ku xirmay Webiga Iyalupo oo ahaa webi xiriiriye ka yimid webiga Otin iyo Oba. Tan waxaa sidoo kale lagu yaqaanaa dhammaan [[Yorùbáland]]. Tani waa meesha gobolka Osun ka helay magaciisa, sidoo kale waa isha festiwaalka caanka ah ee Osun iyo qayb weyn oo ka mid ah taariikhda Boqortooyada Ido-Osun {{sfn|Witte|1982|p=161}} Caabudidda Erinle waxaa laga helaa magaalooyin ku yaal dhammaan boqortooyadii hore ee [[Oyo Empire|Oyo]]. Sababtoo ah maroodiyaasha ayaa aad ugu badnaa aaggan wakhtigaas, waxaa loo tixraacay Ile Erin (Dhulkii Maroodiga) oo noqday Erinle (Erin "Maroodi" iyo Ile "Dhul") Ilaa hadda, Osunronke waxaa si weyn u jecel dadka Ido-Osun, Osogbo, iyo dad badan oo kale oo reer Osun ah sidaas darteed xiriirka uu la leeyahay Webiga Erinle. {{sfn|Drewal|Pemberton|Abiodun|Wardwell|1989|p=167}} Magaca waxaa laga yaabaa inuu ka yimid ''erin'' (maroodi) iyo ''ilẹ'' (dhul), ama ka ''erin'' iyo ''ile'' (guri).{{sfn|Witte|1982|p=161}} == Socodka == Webiga Erinle wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa koonfurta [[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]]. Isaga iyo [[Oba River|Webiga Oba]] oo ka soo bilaabma qiyaastii {{convert|15|km|mi|0}} waqooyiga [[Ogbomosho]], waa gacan-biyoodyada ugu waaweyn ee Webiga Osun. Webiga Erinle wuxuu leeyahay aagag deegaan, ganacsi, iyo warshado ah oo ku teedsan labada dhinac, kuwaas oo ilaa 2012 ku shubay qashin aan la daweyn webiga. Waxa kale oo wasakheeyay bacriminta xad-dhaafka ah iyo sunta cayayaanka ee ka timid beeraha.{{sfn|Oyebanjo|Joshua|Jibiri|2012|p=2}}{{full citation|date=November 2019}} Biyo-xireennada duugga ah iyo kuwa cusub ee webiga waxay biyo siiyaan [[Osogbo]], caasimadda gobolka, Ido-Osun, iyo magaalooyin kale oo ku xeeran kuwaas oo sidoo kale isticmaala ceelal si ay u helaan biyo.{{sfn|Fadare|Olawuni|2008|p=37}} Malaariyada iyo shubanka ayaa ku badan Osogbo, gaar ahaan aagagga deegaanka ee dadku ku badan yihiin halkaas oo dadku ay ku tiirsan yihiin biyaha tuubada ee dadweynaha.{{sfn|Fadare|Olawuni|2008|p=40}} == Biyo-xireennada == Biyo-xireenka duugga ah ee Erinle waxaa la dhammeeyay 1954, iyadoo awoodda keydkeedu yahay {{convert|5300000|m3}}.{{cn|date=November 2019}} Wuxuu ku yaal magaalada Ido-Osun.{{cn|date=November 2019}} Imtixaannada June iyo July 2011 ayaa muujiyay in biyaha la daweeyay ee ka yimid biyo-xireenka ay lahaayeen joogitaan sare oo coliform ah oo aan ku habboonayn cabbitaanka iyada oo aan la samayn daaweyn dheeraad ah.{{cn|date=November 2019}} Bakteeriyada ku jirta biyaha la daweeyay ayaa sidoo kale aad ugu adkaysi u lahayd antibiyootigyada sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo Nigeria.{{cn|date=November 2019}} Biyo-xireenka cusub ee Erinle ee [[Egbedore]] LGA wuxuu ku yaal meel sare oo ka mid ah biyo-xireenka duugga ah ee Webiga Erinle, Ido-Osun.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} Waxaa iska leh oo maamula Osun State Water Corporation. [[Iyalupo River, Otin River|Webiga Iyalupo, Webiga Otin]] ayaa ka soo gala biyo-xireenka dhanka bidix.{{sfn|Oladejo|Ofoezie|2006|p=844}} Keydka ka dambeeya biyo-xireenka Ido-Osun Erinle wuxuu ku fidsan yahay qiyaastii {{convert|12|km|mi|0}} waqooyi Webiga Erinle wuxuuna daboolaa qaybta ugu hooseysa ee Iyalupo-Otin River.{{sfn|Adediji|Ajibade|2008|p=111}}{{full citation|date=November 2019}} Biyo-xireenka Erinle, oo la dhammeeyay 1989, wuxuu joogaa {{convert|330|m}} oo ka sarreeya heerka badda. Dhererka cidhifku waa {{convert|677|m}} iyo dhererka ugu badan waa {{convert|27|m}}. Awoodda kaydinta guud waa {{convert|94000000|m3}}. Biyo-mareenku wuxuu daadiyaa {{convert|800|m3}} ilbiriqsikii. Biyo-xireenka waxaa loo isticmaalaa sahayda biyaha, xakameynta fatahaadaha, iyo kalluumeysiga.{{sfn|Oladejo|Ofoezie|2006|p=844}} Schistosomiasis, oo ah kaadi iyo mindhicir labadaba, ayaa laga soo sheegay meel ka hoosaysa biyo-xireenka 1991. Daraasad 2000-01 la sameeyay ayaa lagu ogaaday in baahsanaanta snails-ka martigeliyaha iyo caabuqa aadanaha ay kordheen si weyn tan iyo markaas.{{sfn|Oladejo|Ofoezie|2006|p=843}} == Tixraac == {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adediji |first1=A. |last2=Ajibade |first2=L. T. |title=The change detection of major dams in Osun State, Nigeria using remote sensing (RS) and GIS techniques |journal=Jornal de Geografia e Planejamento Regional |date=2008 |volume=1 |issue=6 |pages=110-115 |publisher=Departamento de Geografia da Universidade de Ilorim |location=Ilorim }} * {{cite book |last1=Drewal |first1=Henry John |last2=Pemberton |first2=John |last3=Abiodun |first3=Rowland |first4=Allen |last4=Wardwell |title=Yoruba: nine centuries of African art and thought |url=https://www.amherst.edu/system/files/media/1627/Reduced%2520Yoruba_9_Centuries_Chap_6_part_2.pdf |access-date=2014-08-21 |year=1989 |publisher=Center for African Art in Association with H.N. Abrams |isbn=978-0-8109-1794-1}} * {{cite journal |last1=Fadare |first1=S.O. |last2=Olawuni |first2=P.O. |title=Domestic Water Supply and Health of Households in the Three Residential Densities in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria |url=http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ejesm/article/download/41578/8878 |journal=Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management |volume=1 |issue=2 |date=June 2008 |doi=10.4314/ejesm.v1i2.41578 |access-date=2014-08-21 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal |last1=Oladejo |first1=S.O. |last2=Ofoezie |first2=I.E. |journal=Tropical Medicine and International Health |volume=11 |issue=6 |date=June 2006 |title=Unabated schistosomiasis transmission in Erinle River Dam, Osun State, Nigeria: evidence of neglect of environmental effects of development projects |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01628.x |pmid=16772006 |pages=843–850 |s2cid=430372|doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |last1=Oyebanjo |first1=O. A. |last2=Joshua |first2=E. O. |last3=Jibiri |first3=N. N. |date=2012 |title=Natural Radionuclides and Hazards of Sediment Samples Collected from Osun River in Southwestern Nigeria |journal=The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology |volume=13 |pages=391-396}} * {{cite book |last=Witte |first=H. |title=Commemorative Figures |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uC8VAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA161 |access-date=2014-08-21 |year=1982 |publisher=Brill Archive |isbn=978-90-04-06779-0 |chapter=Mud-fish symbolism in Yoruba iconography}} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Erinle River}} l2lcs5atxwxzmdfotgvt2jeu6avtsnt 301019 301018 2026-07-07T14:43:19Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Erinle | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = Nigeria | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Ido-Osun]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7.754543|4.450087|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = Nigeria | subdivision_type2 = Goobta | subdivision_name2 = [[Osun State|Gobolka Osun]] | etymology = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = [[Osun River|Webiga Osun]] | tributaries_left = [[Otin River|Webiga Otin]] | tributaries_right = Webiga Iyalupo | custom_label = | custom_data = }} '''Webiga Erinle''' ({{Audio|Erinle.wav|dhageyso}}) waa webi ku yaal magaaladii hore ee [[Ido-Osun]], [[Egbedore|Degmada Dawladda Hoose ee Egbedore]], [[Osun State|Gobolka Osun]], Nigeria, waana [[tributary|gacan-biyood]] midig u ah [[Osun River|Webiga Osun]], kaas oo uu ka galo waqooyiga u dhow Ido-Osun, oo ka hooseeya Biyo-xireenka Erinle.{{cn|date=August 2023}} Keyd kale, [[Dam|Biyo-xireenka]] cusub ee Erinle, ayaa ku yaal meel sare oo webiga ka mid ah.{{cn|date=August 2023}} Biyaha labada biyo-xireen waxay biyo siiyaan [[Osogbo]], oo ah caasimadda gobolka.{{cn|date=August 2023}} Dhowr mitir u jira webiga waxaa ku yaal M.K.O. Abiola International Airport, Ido-Osun iyo sidoo kale xaruntii hore ee korontada ee Nigeria, Erinle Power Station ee Ido-Osun, Gobolka Osun. == Magaca == Dhaqanka [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]], [[Erinle]] waa aag qadiimi ah oo ku yaal [[Ido-Osun]], oo lagu yaqaanay inay ku noolaadaan maroodi iyo hippos tiro badan waagii hore. Aaggu wuxuu aad muhiim ugu yahay Ido-Osun maadaama tani ay tahay meel ama isgoys halkaas oo Osunronke oo ahayd hooyadii awoowga u ahayd amiirrada Ido-Osun oo isu beddeshay webi si ay u muujiso jidka guriga lagu noqdo ka dib safarkii addoonsiga ee duullaankii Ijebu-Ekiti ee Ido-Osun kaas oo magaciisii hore ahaa Igbo Oyiowo (Kaynta Oyiowo) markii khadka webiga mystic Osun uu dadka u hoggaamiyey guriga, wuxuu ku xirmay Webiga Iyalupo oo ahaa webi xiriiriye ka yimid webiga Otin iyo Oba. Tan waxaa sidoo kale lagu yaqaanaa dhammaan [[Yorùbáland]]. Tani waa meesha gobolka Osun ka helay magaciisa, sidoo kale waa isha festiwaalka caanka ah ee Osun iyo qayb weyn oo ka mid ah taariikhda Boqortooyada Ido-Osun {{sfn|Witte|1982|p=161}} Caabudidda Erinle waxaa laga helaa magaalooyin ku yaal dhammaan boqortooyadii hore ee [[Oyo Empire|Oyo]]. Sababtoo ah maroodiyaasha ayaa aad ugu badnaa aaggan wakhtigaas, waxaa loo tixraacay Ile Erin (Dhulkii Maroodiga) oo noqday Erinle (Erin "Maroodi" iyo Ile "Dhul") Ilaa hadda, Osunronke waxaa si weyn u jecel dadka Ido-Osun, Osogbo, iyo dad badan oo kale oo reer Osun ah sidaas darteed xiriirka uu la leeyahay Webiga Erinle. {{sfn|Drewal|Pemberton|Abiodun|Wardwell|1989|p=167}} Magaca waxaa laga yaabaa inuu ka yimid ''erin'' (maroodi) iyo ''ilẹ'' (dhul), ama ka ''erin'' iyo ''ile'' (guri).{{sfn|Witte|1982|p=161}} == Socodka == Webiga Erinle wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa koonfurta [[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]]. Isaga iyo [[Oba River|Webiga Oba]] oo ka soo bilaabma qiyaastii {{convert|15|km|mi|0}} waqooyiga [[Ogbomosho]], waa gacan-biyoodyada ugu waaweyn ee Webiga Osun. Webiga Erinle wuxuu leeyahay aagag deegaan, ganacsi, iyo warshado ah oo ku teedsan labada dhinac, kuwaas oo ilaa 2012 ku shubay qashin aan la daweyn webiga. Waxa kale oo wasakheeyay bacriminta xad-dhaafka ah iyo sunta cayayaanka ee ka timid beeraha.{{sfn|Oyebanjo|Joshua|Jibiri|2012|p=2}}{{full citation|date=November 2019}} Biyo-xireennada duugga ah iyo kuwa cusub ee webiga waxay biyo siiyaan [[Osogbo]], caasimadda gobolka, Ido-Osun, iyo magaalooyin kale oo ku xeeran kuwaas oo sidoo kale isticmaala ceelal si ay u helaan biyo.{{sfn|Fadare|Olawuni|2008|p=37}} Malaariyada iyo shubanka ayaa ku badan Osogbo, gaar ahaan aagagga deegaanka ee dadku ku badan yihiin halkaas oo dadku ay ku tiirsan yihiin biyaha tuubada ee dadweynaha.{{sfn|Fadare|Olawuni|2008|p=40}} == Biyo-xireennada == Biyo-xireenka duugga ah ee Erinle waxaa la dhammeeyay 1954, iyadoo awoodda keydkeedu yahay {{convert|5300000|m3}}.{{cn|date=November 2019}} Wuxuu ku yaal magaalada Ido-Osun.{{cn|date=November 2019}} Imtixaannada June iyo July 2011 ayaa muujiyay in biyaha la daweeyay ee ka yimid biyo-xireenka ay lahaayeen joogitaan sare oo coliform ah oo aan ku habboonayn cabbitaanka iyada oo aan la samayn daaweyn dheeraad ah.{{cn|date=November 2019}} Bakteeriyada ku jirta biyaha la daweeyay ayaa sidoo kale aad ugu adkaysi u lahayd antibiyootigyada sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo Nigeria.{{cn|date=November 2019}} Biyo-xireenka cusub ee Erinle ee [[Egbedore]] LGA wuxuu ku yaal meel sare oo ka mid ah biyo-xireenka duugga ah ee Webiga Erinle, Ido-Osun.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} Waxaa iska leh oo maamula Osun State Water Corporation. [[Iyalupo River, Otin River|Webiga Iyalupo, Webiga Otin]] ayaa ka soo gala biyo-xireenka dhanka bidix.{{sfn|Oladejo|Ofoezie|2006|p=844}} Keydka ka dambeeya biyo-xireenka Ido-Osun Erinle wuxuu ku fidsan yahay qiyaastii {{convert|12|km|mi|0}} waqooyi Webiga Erinle wuxuuna daboolaa qaybta ugu hooseysa ee Iyalupo-Otin River.{{sfn|Adediji|Ajibade|2008|p=111}}{{full citation|date=November 2019}} Biyo-xireenka Erinle, oo la dhammeeyay 1989, wuxuu joogaa {{convert|330|m}} oo ka sarreeya heerka badda. Dhererka cidhifku waa {{convert|677|m}} iyo dhererka ugu badan waa {{convert|27|m}}. Awoodda kaydinta guud waa {{convert|94000000|m3}}. Biyo-mareenku wuxuu daadiyaa {{convert|800|m3}} ilbiriqsikii. Biyo-xireenka waxaa loo isticmaalaa sahayda biyaha, xakameynta fatahaadaha, iyo kalluumeysiga.{{sfn|Oladejo|Ofoezie|2006|p=844}} Schistosomiasis, oo ah kaadi iyo mindhicir labadaba, ayaa laga soo sheegay meel ka hoosaysa biyo-xireenka 1991. Daraasad 2000-01 la sameeyay ayaa lagu ogaaday in baahsanaanta snails-ka martigeliyaha iyo caabuqa aadanaha ay kordheen si weyn tan iyo markaas.{{sfn|Oladejo|Ofoezie|2006|p=843}} == Tixraac == {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal |last1=Adediji |first1=A. |last2=Ajibade |first2=L. T. |title=The change detection of major dams in Osun State, Nigeria using remote sensing (RS) and GIS techniques |journal=Jornal de Geografia e Planejamento Regional |date=2008 |volume=1 |issue=6 |pages=110-115 |publisher=Departamento de Geografia da Universidade de Ilorim |location=Ilorim }} * {{cite book |last1=Drewal |first1=Henry John |last2=Pemberton |first2=John |last3=Abiodun |first3=Rowland |first4=Allen |last4=Wardwell |title=Yoruba: nine centuries of African art and thought |url=https://www.amherst.edu/system/files/media/1627/Reduced%2520Yoruba_9_Centuries_Chap_6_part_2.pdf |access-date=2014-08-21 |year=1989 |publisher=Center for African Art in Association with H.N. Abrams |isbn=978-0-8109-1794-1}} * {{cite journal |last1=Fadare |first1=S.O. |last2=Olawuni |first2=P.O. |title=Domestic Water Supply and Health of Households in the Three Residential Densities in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria |url=http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ejesm/article/download/41578/8878 |journal=Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management |volume=1 |issue=2 |date=June 2008 |doi=10.4314/ejesm.v1i2.41578 |access-date=2014-08-21 |doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal |last1=Oladejo |first1=S.O. |last2=Ofoezie |first2=I.E. |journal=Tropical Medicine and International Health |volume=11 |issue=6 |date=June 2006 |title=Unabated schistosomiasis transmission in Erinle River Dam, Osun State, Nigeria: evidence of neglect of environmental effects of development projects |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01628.x |pmid=16772006 |pages=843–850 |s2cid=430372|doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |last1=Oyebanjo |first1=O. A. |last2=Joshua |first2=E. O. |last3=Jibiri |first3=N. N. |date=2012 |title=Natural Radionuclides and Hazards of Sediment Samples Collected from Osun River in Southwestern Nigeria |journal=The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology |volume=13 |pages=391-396}} * {{cite book |last=Witte |first=H. |title=Commemorative Figures |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uC8VAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA161 |access-date=2014-08-21 |year=1982 |publisher=Brill Archive |isbn=978-90-04-06779-0 |chapter=Mud-fish symbolism in Yoruba iconography}} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Erinle River}} 63cvc5klxtf15hn29fvhr8477czknvy Webiga Otin 0 48618 301020 2026-07-07T14:45:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Otin | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | source1_location = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7.937343|4.595186|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Odo Otin]] LGA, [[Osun State|Gobolka Osun]] | etymology = | length_km = 36 | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size_km2 = 475 | river_system = [[Erinle River|Webiga Erinle]] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = }} '''Webiga Otin''' waa webi ku yaal [[Inisa]], [[Osun State|Gobolka Osun]], [[Nigeria]]. Waxaa lagu xiray Biyo-xireenka Eko-Ende.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Otin River « HEYPLACES.COM.NG |url=https://heyplaces.com.ng/0644521/Otin_River |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=heyplaces.com.ng |language=en-NG}}</ref> == Hal-abuurnimo == Sida ay qabaan [[Yoruba mythology|khuraafaadka Yoruba]], [[orisha|ilaaha]] Otin ayaa ku jira Webiga Otin. Sida qof taariikhi ah, ka hor inta aan loo aqoonsan ilaah, waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay mar ilaalisay magaalada [[Inisa]] duullaankii cadawgeeda, dadka magaaladuna hadda way caabudaan iyada taas awgeed. Otin waxay asal ahaan ka timid magaalada Otan, laakiin waxay timid Inisa si ay uga caawiso la dagaallanka duullaanka ay ka geystaan deriskeeda. == Gobolka == Webiga Otin wuxuu maraa {{convert|950|km2}} oo [[Odo Otin|Degmada Dawladda Hoose ee Odo Otin]] ee waqooyi-bari ee [[Osun State|gobolka Osun]], wuxuuna siiyey magaciisa.{{sfn|Brief Historical Background, Odo-Otin}} Webigu wuxuu maraa dhul qallafsan, iyadoo joogga kor u qaadi karaa uu u dhexeeyo {{convert|35|to|400|m}} oo ka sarreeya heerka badda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=River Otin stream, Nigeria |url=https://ng.geoview.info/river_otin,2325478 |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=ng.geoview.info}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} Roobabka aagga ayaa ah qiyaastii {{convert|1400|mm}}, iyadoo xilliga roobabku socdo laga bilaabo Abriil ilaa Noofambar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=River Otin / River Otin, Nigeria (general), Nigeria, Africa |url=https://travelingluck.com/Africa/Nigeria/Nigeria+(general)/_2325478_River+Otin.html |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=travelingluck.com}}</ref> Dhulka daboolan waa qayb ka mid ah kaynta roobka ee kuleylaha, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa jira beerasho baahsan oo baadiyaha ah iyo dalagyada lacagta caddaanka ah sida kookaha, koolada, iyo muuska oo lagu beero meelaha u dhow deegaannada.{{sfn|Adediji|Ajibade|2008|p=111}} == Socodka == Webiga Otin waa {{convert|36|km}} dhererkiisu, iyadoo uu gaaro qulqulka ugu sarreeya {{convert|76.01|m3}} ilbiriqsikii. Kaydka biyuhu wuxuu daboolayaa {{convert|475|km2}}.{{sfn|Salami|Bilewu|Ayanshola|Oritola|2009|p=26}} Waa gacan-biyoodka [[Erinle River|Webiga Erinle]]. Biyo-xireenka Eko-Ende ee [[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] LGA ee Webiga Otin ayaa la xiray 1973 si loo sameeyo biyo-xireen leh awood 5.5&nbsp;MCM. Shaqaalaha madaxa ayaa loo qaabeeyey inay biyo la cabbo siiyaan bulshooyinka [[Inisa]], Oba, [[Eko-Ende]], Eko-Ajala, [[Ikirun]], [[Iragbiji]] iyo [[Okuku, Osun State|Okuku]].{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} Markii biyo-xireenka la dhisayey waxay fatahay dhul-beereedkii dadka Oba. Sida quid-pro-quo, biyo tuubooyin ah ayaa la siiyay Oba.{{sfn|Farazmand|1999|p=517}} Meel ka hoosaysa, Biyo-xireenka Erinle ee [[Olorunda]] LGA waa kordhinta Biyo-xireenkii hore ee Ede ee Webiga Erinle.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} Kaydka ka dambeeya biyo-xireenka Ede-Ernle wuxuu ku fidsan yahay qiyaastii {{convert|12|km}} waqooyi Webiga Ernle wuxuuna daboolaa qaybta ugu hooseysa ee Webiga Otin.{{sfn|Adediji|Ajibade|2008|p=111}} == Tixraac == {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} === Isha Guud === {{refbegin}} *{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Brief Historical Background, Odo-Otin}}|url=http://www.odo-otin.os.gov.ng/index.php/about-odo-otin-local-government/brief-history|title=Brief Historical Background|publisher=Odo-Otin Local Government|access-date=2014-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808170258/http://www.odo-otin.os.gov.ng/index.php/about-odo-otin-local-government/brief-history|archive-date=2014-08-08|url-status=dead}} *{{cite book|last=Farazmand|first=Ali|title=Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ozN1uextK7IC&pg=PA517|access-date=2014-08-17 |date=1999-09-01|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-203-90475-6}} *{{cite book|last=Olajubu|first=Oyeronke|title=Women in the Yoruba Religious Sphere |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FqSAmz6PyC0C&pg=PA81|access-date=2014-08-16 |date=2012-02-01|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-8611-5}} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Otin River}} iemjzki6czknv55mntafa7h2io0mvo5 Webiga Oba 0 48619 301021 2026-07-07T14:48:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Oba | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = File:Course of the Oba River.svg | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = Socodka Webiga Oba | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|8.314248|4.220588}} | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7.473872|4.145651|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Osun State|Gobolka Osun]] | etymology = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = [[Osun River|Webiga Osun]] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = }} '''Webiga Oba''' ([[Yoruba language|Af-Yoruba]]: '''Odo Ọba''') waa webi ku yaal gobollada [[Oyo State|Oyo]] iyo [[Osun State|Osun]] ee dalka Nigeria. Waa gacan-biyoodka ugu weyn ee [[Osun River|Webiga Osun]]. Muuqaalka dhulku wuxuu ka duwan yahay savanna alwaax leh oo ku taal waqooyiga ilaa kaynta roobka ee koonfurta. Inta badan dadka ku nool jiinkiisa waxay ku dhaqmaan beerashada iyo kalluumeysiga. == Magaca == Webiga Ọba waxaa loogu magac daray ilaahadda [[Oba (goddess)|Ọba]], oo ahayd mid ka mid ah xaasaskii [[Shango]], ilaaha [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]] ee onkodka. Xaasaskiisa kale waxay ahaayeen [[Ọshun]] iyo [[Ọya]].{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} Sida ay qabaan khuraafaadka, Ọshun waxay khiyaantay Ọba iyadoo u sheegtay inay dhegteeda goyso oo ay ku dartay cuntadii Shango, iyadoo leh way ka farxin doontaa. Markii Shango ogaaday waxa Ọba samaysay isagoo careysan ayuu qayliyey, Osun iyo Oba ayaana cararay iyagoo argagaxsan, waxayna isu beddeleen laba webi. Taasi waa sababta ay meesha ay ku kulmaan webiyada Osun iyo Oba ay u socdaan si xawli ah.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} == Socodka == Webiga Oba waa gacan-biyoodka ugu weyn ee Webiga Osun. Wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa qiyaastii {{convert|15|km|mi|0}} waqooyiga [[Ogbomosho]] ee Gobolka Oyo.{{sfn|Adeboye|Alatise|2008|p=76}} Webigu wuxuu maraa Ogbomosho, halkaas oo lagu xiray.{{sfn|Adegbite|2014}} Biyo-xireenka Ogbomoso ee Webiga Oba waxaa la dhammeeyay 1964, wuxuu daboolayaa aag dhan {{convert|137.6|ha}} wuxuuna leeyahay awood kaydin dhan {{convert|3520|Ml}}.{{sfn|Akintola|Gbadegesin|1997|p=315}} Biyo-xireenka waxaa quudiya durdurrada Idekun, Eeguno, Akanbi Kemolowo, Omoogun, iyo Yàkù, wuxuuna leeyahay aag qabasho dhan {{convert|321|km2}}.{{cn|date=March 2024|reason=Source removed in 2019 as unreliable.}} Oba waxay sii socotaa koonfurta biyo-xireenka ilaa ay ka biirto Webiga Oshun meel ka sarreeya deegaanka Odo Oba. Deegaannada ku teedsan socodkeeda laga bilaabo waqooyi ilaa koonfur waxaa ka mid ah Apo, Iluju, Obada, Mosunmade, Otuokun, Bale, Olori, iyo Olumoye. Webigu wuxuu helaa gacan-biyood bidix ah oo hoos u mara Obada iyo gacan-biyood kale oo bidix ah oo koonfurta ka xigta Olori. Gacan-biyoodka labaad wuxuu maraa Ife Odan.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=357}} Webiga Ọba wuxuu ku biiraa Webiga Ọ̀ṣun oo leh taxane biyo-dhacyo ah.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} Labada webi waxay ku kulmaan dhammaadka waqooyi ee [[Asejire Reservoir|Keydka Asejire]].{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=357}} == Deegaanka == Cimilada qaybta sare ee webiga ee u dhow Ogbomoso waxay leedahay heerkul sarreeya, iyadoo roobab dhexdhexaad ah ilaa culus ay da'aan Maarso–Luulyo. Celceliska roobabka sanadlaha ah waa {{convert|1247|mm}}. Dhirta waa savanna laga soo dheegtay, oo u dhaxaysa aagga savanna ee waqooyiga iyo kaymaha roobka ee gobolka Ibadan.{{sfn|Adabanija|Sunmonu|2010|p=51}} Daraasad la daabacay 2014 ayaa lagu ogaaday in kalluunka ku jira Keydka Ogbomoso ay qaadeen dulin keeni kara khatar ku ah macaamiisha aadanaha.{{cn|date=March 2024|reason=Source removed in 2019 as unreliable.}} Webiga Oba waa mid aad u wasakhaysan, oo ku yaal fasalka V ee miisaanka Prati. Waxaa biyaha ku yar ama aan ku jirin ogsajiin milan.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=361}} Isha wasakhdu waxaa ka mid ah bullaacadaha iyo qashinka guriga iyo suuqa, waxaana ka mid ah waxyaabo badan oo aan isla markiiba la dumin karin.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=360}} == Dhaqaalaha == Dadka ku teedsan dhererka oo dhan ee Webiga Oba waxay inta badan ku hawlan yihiin beerashada iyo kalluumeysiga.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=356}} Sanadkii 1977 isticmaalka dhulka ee u dhow Keydka Ogbomoso wuxuu ahaa 71.9% kayn, 4.9% beerasho, iyo 23.2% beero la nastay. Sanadkii 1992 isticmaalka dhulku wuxuu ahaa 23.5% kayn, 60.5% beerasho, iyo 16.0% beero la nastay. Dalagyada ugu waaweyn waxay ahaayeen [[maize|galley]] iyo khudaar, gaar ahaan [[okra|bamyo]]. Beeralaydu waxay si xoog leh u isticmaalayeen bacriminta nitrogenous.{{sfn|Akintola|Gbadegesin|1997|p=316}} Sanadkii 2014 shaqaalaha beeraha ee ka yimid waqooyiga Nigeria waxay bilaabeen inay ku dhaqmaan beerashada waraabka ee dooxada Webiga Oba ee Ikose, Degmada Dawladda Hoose ee Ogbomoso North, iyo Iluju, Ikoyi-Ile, Degmada Dawladda Hoose ee Orire ee Gobolka Oyo. Waxay isticmaalayeen bambooyin si ay biyo uga qaataan Webiga Oba, iyagoo mararka qaarkood dhuumaha marinaya hal kiiloomitir ama in ka badan si ay u gaarsiiyaan beerahooda.{{sfn|Adegbite|2014}} Dalagyada waxaa ka mid ah khudaar, bamyo, galley, ukun-beereed, iyo qaraha biyaha. Beeralaydu waxay ka helayeen suuq diyaar ah oo ay iibsadaan dadka ka yimid gobollada Osun, Ondo, iyo Oyo. Beerashada waraabka waa mid aan caadi ahayn gobolka maadaama roobabku ay ku filan yihiin, laakiin waxay caadi ka tahay gobollada waqooyiga ee ay ka soo jeedaan beeralaydu.{{sfn|Adegbite|2014}} == Tixraac == '''Soo Xigasho''' {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} '''Isha''' {{refbegin}} *{{cite journal|url=http://www.nipng.org/Onlineissues/vol21_2_2010/Adabanija_Sunmonu.pdf|last1=Adabanija|first1=M. A.|last2=Sunmonu|first2=L. A.|journal=Nigerian Journal of Physics|volume=21|issue=2|year=2010|title=Radiometric mapping of lower Oba river flood plain sediments, Ogbomoso South-western Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24|archive-date=26 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115742/http://www.nipng.org/Onlineissues/vol21_2_2010/Adabanija_Sunmonu.pdf|url-status=dead}} *{{cite journal |url=http://agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/01334.pdf |last1=Adeboye|first1=Omotayo B.|last2=Alatise|first2=Olarewaju M. |journal=Soil & Water Res.|volume=3 |year=2008 |issue=2 |title=Surface Water Potential of the River Osun at Apoje Sub-basin Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24}} *{{cite journal |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/agriculture/item/4618-northern-farmers-turning-oba-river-plain-to-gold-mine/4618-northern-farmers-turning-oba-river-plain-to-gold-mine |last=Adegbite|first=Adewuyi |date=2014-05-05|title=Northern farmers turning Oba River plain to gold mine|journal=Nigerian Tribune|accessdate=2014-08-24}} *{{cite book|url=http://ks360352.kimsufi.com/redbooks/a243/iahs_243_0313.pdf|last1=Akintola|first1=F.O.|last2=Gbadegesin|first2=Adeniyi|title=Freshwater Contamination (Proceedings of Rabat Symposium S4, April-May 1997)|publisher=AHS Publ|year=1997|chapter=Land-use changes and water quality in impounded water-supply dams in southwest Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite book |last=Hill|first=Donald R.|title=Caribbean Folklore: A Handbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gbowblf1QP8C&pg=PA51|accessdate=2014-08-24 |year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33605-8}} *{{cite journal |url=http://www.sibran.ru/upload/iblock/6b0/6b0c1aff1c148770d34e9760e357ff24.pdf |last=Olafisoye |first=O. B. |journal=Chemistry for Sustainable Development |volume=19 |year=2011 |title=Estimation of Organic Pollution of Odo Oba River (Osun State, Nigeria) |accessdate=2014-08-24 |archive-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809090549/http://sibran.ru/upload/iblock/6b0/6b0c1aff1c148770d34e9760e357ff24.pdf |url-status=dead }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Oba River}} 1yb381eaiiuu9ni0eq7syee1d0refgm 301065 301021 2026-07-08T00:23:41Z Videoiib7 46243 301065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Oba | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = File:Course of the Oba River.svg | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = Socodka Webiga Oba | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|8.314248|4.220588}} | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7.473872|4.145651|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Nayjeeriya]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Osun State|Gobolka Osun]] | etymology = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = [[Osun River|Webiga Osun]] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = }} '''Webiga Oba''' ([[Yoruba language|Af-Yoruba]]: '''Odo Ọba''') waa webi ku yaal gobollada [[Oyo State|Oyo]] iyo [[Osun State|Osun]] ee dalka Nigeria. Waa gacan-biyoodka ugu weyn ee [[Osun River|Webiga Osun]]. Muuqaalka dhulku wuxuu ka duwan yahay savanna alwaax leh oo ku taal waqooyiga ilaa kaynta roobka ee koonfurta. Inta badan dadka ku nool jiinkiisa waxay ku dhaqmaan beerashada iyo kalluumeysiga. == Magaca == Webiga Ọba waxaa loogu magac daray ilaahadda [[Oba (goddess)|Ọba]], oo ahayd mid ka mid ah xaasaskii [[Shango]], ilaaha [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]] ee onkodka. Xaasaskiisa kale waxay ahaayeen [[Ọshun]] iyo [[Ọya]].{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} Sida ay qabaan khuraafaadka, Ọshun waxay khiyaantay Ọba iyadoo u sheegtay inay dhegteeda goyso oo ay ku dartay cuntadii Shango, iyadoo leh way ka farxin doontaa. Markii Shango ogaaday waxa Ọba samaysay isagoo careysan ayuu qayliyey, Osun iyo Oba ayaana cararay iyagoo argagaxsan, waxayna isu beddeleen laba webi. Taasi waa sababta ay meesha ay ku kulmaan webiyada Osun iyo Oba ay u socdaan si xawli ah.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} == Socodka == Webiga Oba waa gacan-biyoodka ugu weyn ee Webiga Osun. Wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa qiyaastii {{convert|15|km|mi|0}} waqooyiga [[Ogbomosho]] ee Gobolka Oyo.{{sfn|Adeboye|Alatise|2008|p=76}} Webigu wuxuu maraa Ogbomosho, halkaas oo lagu xiray.{{sfn|Adegbite|2014}} Biyo-xireenka Ogbomoso ee Webiga Oba waxaa la dhammeeyay 1964, wuxuu daboolayaa aag dhan {{convert|137.6|ha}} wuxuuna leeyahay awood kaydin dhan {{convert|3520|Ml}}.{{sfn|Akintola|Gbadegesin|1997|p=315}} Biyo-xireenka waxaa quudiya durdurrada Idekun, Eeguno, Akanbi Kemolowo, Omoogun, iyo Yàkù, wuxuuna leeyahay aag qabasho dhan {{convert|321|km2}}.{{cn|date=March 2024|reason=Source removed in 2019 as unreliable.}} Oba waxay sii socotaa koonfurta biyo-xireenka ilaa ay ka biirto Webiga Oshun meel ka sarreeya deegaanka Odo Oba. Deegaannada ku teedsan socodkeeda laga bilaabo waqooyi ilaa koonfur waxaa ka mid ah Apo, Iluju, Obada, Mosunmade, Otuokun, Bale, Olori, iyo Olumoye. Webigu wuxuu helaa gacan-biyood bidix ah oo hoos u mara Obada iyo gacan-biyood kale oo bidix ah oo koonfurta ka xigta Olori. Gacan-biyoodka labaad wuxuu maraa Ife Odan.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=357}} Webiga Ọba wuxuu ku biiraa Webiga Ọ̀ṣun oo leh taxane biyo-dhacyo ah.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} Labada webi waxay ku kulmaan dhammaadka waqooyi ee [[Asejire Reservoir|Keydka Asejire]].{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=357}} == Deegaanka == Cimilada qaybta sare ee webiga ee u dhow Ogbomoso waxay leedahay heerkul sarreeya, iyadoo roobab dhexdhexaad ah ilaa culus ay da'aan Maarso–Luulyo. Celceliska roobabka sanadlaha ah waa {{convert|1247|mm}}. Dhirta waa savanna laga soo dheegtay, oo u dhaxaysa aagga savanna ee waqooyiga iyo kaymaha roobka ee gobolka Ibadan.{{sfn|Adabanija|Sunmonu|2010|p=51}} Daraasad la daabacay 2014 ayaa lagu ogaaday in kalluunka ku jira Keydka Ogbomoso ay qaadeen dulin keeni kara khatar ku ah macaamiisha aadanaha.{{cn|date=March 2024|reason=Source removed in 2019 as unreliable.}} Webiga Oba waa mid aad u wasakhaysan, oo ku yaal fasalka V ee miisaanka Prati. Waxaa biyaha ku yar ama aan ku jirin ogsajiin milan.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=361}} Isha wasakhdu waxaa ka mid ah bullaacadaha iyo qashinka guriga iyo suuqa, waxaana ka mid ah waxyaabo badan oo aan isla markiiba la dumin karin.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=360}} == Dhaqaalaha == Dadka ku teedsan dhererka oo dhan ee Webiga Oba waxay inta badan ku hawlan yihiin beerashada iyo kalluumeysiga.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=356}} Sanadkii 1977 isticmaalka dhulka ee u dhow Keydka Ogbomoso wuxuu ahaa 71.9% kayn, 4.9% beerasho, iyo 23.2% beero la nastay. Sanadkii 1992 isticmaalka dhulku wuxuu ahaa 23.5% kayn, 60.5% beerasho, iyo 16.0% beero la nastay. Dalagyada ugu waaweyn waxay ahaayeen [[maize|galley]] iyo khudaar, gaar ahaan [[okra|bamyo]]. Beeralaydu waxay si xoog leh u isticmaalayeen bacriminta nitrogenous.{{sfn|Akintola|Gbadegesin|1997|p=316}} Sanadkii 2014 shaqaalaha beeraha ee ka yimid waqooyiga Nigeria waxay bilaabeen inay ku dhaqmaan beerashada waraabka ee dooxada Webiga Oba ee Ikose, Degmada Dawladda Hoose ee Ogbomoso North, iyo Iluju, Ikoyi-Ile, Degmada Dawladda Hoose ee Orire ee Gobolka Oyo. Waxay isticmaalayeen bambooyin si ay biyo uga qaataan Webiga Oba, iyagoo mararka qaarkood dhuumaha marinaya hal kiiloomitir ama in ka badan si ay u gaarsiiyaan beerahooda.{{sfn|Adegbite|2014}} Dalagyada waxaa ka mid ah khudaar, bamyo, galley, ukun-beereed, iyo qaraha biyaha. Beeralaydu waxay ka helayeen suuq diyaar ah oo ay iibsadaan dadka ka yimid gobollada Osun, Ondo, iyo Oyo. Beerashada waraabka waa mid aan caadi ahayn gobolka maadaama roobabku ay ku filan yihiin, laakiin waxay caadi ka tahay gobollada waqooyiga ee ay ka soo jeedaan beeralaydu.{{sfn|Adegbite|2014}} == Tixraac == '''Soo Xigasho''' {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} '''Isha''' {{refbegin}} *{{cite journal|url=http://www.nipng.org/Onlineissues/vol21_2_2010/Adabanija_Sunmonu.pdf|last1=Adabanija|first1=M. A.|last2=Sunmonu|first2=L. A.|journal=Nigerian Journal of Physics|volume=21|issue=2|year=2010|title=Radiometric mapping of lower Oba river flood plain sediments, Ogbomoso South-western Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24|archive-date=26 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115742/http://www.nipng.org/Onlineissues/vol21_2_2010/Adabanija_Sunmonu.pdf|url-status=dead}} *{{cite journal |url=http://agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/01334.pdf |last1=Adeboye|first1=Omotayo B.|last2=Alatise|first2=Olarewaju M. |journal=Soil & Water Res.|volume=3 |year=2008 |issue=2 |title=Surface Water Potential of the River Osun at Apoje Sub-basin Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24}} *{{cite journal |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/agriculture/item/4618-northern-farmers-turning-oba-river-plain-to-gold-mine/4618-northern-farmers-turning-oba-river-plain-to-gold-mine |last=Adegbite|first=Adewuyi |date=2014-05-05|title=Northern farmers turning Oba River plain to gold mine|journal=Nigerian Tribune|accessdate=2014-08-24}} *{{cite book|url=http://ks360352.kimsufi.com/redbooks/a243/iahs_243_0313.pdf|last1=Akintola|first1=F.O.|last2=Gbadegesin|first2=Adeniyi|title=Freshwater Contamination (Proceedings of Rabat Symposium S4, April-May 1997)|publisher=AHS Publ|year=1997|chapter=Land-use changes and water quality in impounded water-supply dams in southwest Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite book |last=Hill|first=Donald R.|title=Caribbean Folklore: A Handbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gbowblf1QP8C&pg=PA51|accessdate=2014-08-24 |year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33605-8}} *{{cite journal |url=http://www.sibran.ru/upload/iblock/6b0/6b0c1aff1c148770d34e9760e357ff24.pdf |last=Olafisoye |first=O. B. |journal=Chemistry for Sustainable Development |volume=19 |year=2011 |title=Estimation of Organic Pollution of Odo Oba River (Osun State, Nigeria) |accessdate=2014-08-24 |archive-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809090549/http://sibran.ru/upload/iblock/6b0/6b0c1aff1c148770d34e9760e357ff24.pdf |url-status=dead }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Oba River}} 7gvysfxrvwwj0ml4y6b5njditiris7d Webiga Nun 0 48620 301022 2026-07-07T14:53:48Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Nun | image = STS61C-42-72 (north) annotated.svg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = Muuqaalka dayax-gacmeedka ee 2005 ee Delta-ga Niger. Webiga Nun oo xarunta ku yaal | map = 1898 Map of the Niger Delta by Harold Bindloss.jpg | map_size = 300px | map_alt = | map_caption = Delta-ga Niger sanadkii 1898. [[Webiga Niger|Niger]] wuxuu ka soo qulqulaa waqooyiga, wuxuuna laba u kala qaybsamaa wax yar ka hooseeya [[Aboh|Abo]]. [[Webiga Forçados|Forçados]] wuxuu u qulqulaa galbeedka halka Nun uu u sii socdo koonfurta. | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|5.298847|6.414350|region:NG}} | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5.308333|6.416667|region:NG|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Bayelsa State|Gobolka Bayelsa]] | etymology = | length = {{convert|160|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = }} '''Webiga Nun''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Rio Nun, waa webi ku yaal [[Bayelsa State|Gobolka Bayelsa]], [[Nigeria]].<ref name=rivers>{{cite book|last1=ed|first1=Uma Eleazu, general|title=Nigeria, the first 25 years|date=1988|publisher=Infodata [u.a.]|location=Port Harcourt, Rivers State|isbn=9781296151}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nun River {{!}} Nigeria, West Africa, Niger Delta {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nun-River |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Webigu wuxuu samaysmaa marka [[Webiga Niger|Webiga Niger]] uu laba u kala qaybsamo Toru-Abubou, oo u dhow magaalada Agbere ee [[Sagbama|Degmada Dawladda Hoose ee Sagbama]] ee [[Bayelsa State|Gobolka Bayelsa]], isagoo samaynaya webiyada Nun iyo [[Forcados River|Forcados]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Toromade |first1=Samson |title=These Nigerian Rivers Have the Weirdest Names |url=https://www.zikoko.com/citizen/rivers-in-nigeria/ |website=Zikoko! |date=25 September 2022}}</ref> Marka uu ka soo baxo webigiisa waalidka ah ee Niger, Webiga Nun wuxuu u qulqulaa ku dhawaad {{convert|100|mi|km|disp=flip}} koonfurta ilaa [[Gulf of Guinea|Gacanka Guinea]] ee [[Akassa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nun-River|title=Nun River &#124; river, Nigeria &#124; Britannica|website=www.britannica.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2018-11-01 |title=Dredging Escravos channel to boost Nigeria's economy |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/dredging-escravos-channel-to-boost-nigerias-economy/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-07-22 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Socodkiisu wuxuu inta badan maraa meelo dadku ku yar yihiin iyo qoyan.<ref name="Nun River">{{cite web|title=Nun River|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/422471/Nun-River|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=17 July 2013}}</ref> Qarnigii 19-aad, Nun wuxuu ahaa xarun ganacsi oo u dhexaysa [[Europe|Yurub]] iyo [[Igbo people|dadka Igbo]] – kuwaas oo ku sugnaa [[Aboh]].<ref>{{Cite news | title=THE RIVER NUN CALLED, AND GABRIEL OKARA ANSWERED AT LAST…| url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/03/31/the-river-nun-called-and-gabriel-okara-answered-at-last? | access-date=2025-05-30 |newspaper=[[This Day]]}}</ref> Taariikhda ganacsiga ee webiga waxay ku bilaabatay ka ganacsiga addoonsiga laakiin waxaa markii dambe beddelay dhoofinta [[palm oil|saliidda timirta]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, bilowgii qarniga, afka webiga wuxuu noqday mid dhoobo ah, taas oo xirtay marin-biyoodka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-the-Niger-Delta-showing-the-Nun-River-Nun-River_fig1_312039763|title=Map of the Niger Delta showing the Nun River Nun River}}</ref> Sidaas darteed, ganacsatadu waxay bilaabeen inay isticmaalaan biyaha aadka loo geli karo ee [[Forcados River|Webiga Forcados]].<ref name="Nun River"/> Webiga Nun waxaa lagu xusay gabayada [[Gabriel Okara]]. Gabaygiisa ''The Call of the River Nun'' waa gabay [[Nostalgia|nostalgic]] ah oo u heesaya webiga mara gurigiisa.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Call of the River Nun |url=http://www.shvoong.com/books/poetry/1760891-river-nun/ |website=www.shvoong.com |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719185735/http://www.shvoong.com/books/poetry/1760891-river-nun/ |archivedate=19 July 2011 }}</ref> == Wasakhowga == Wasakhowga saliidda ayaa weli ah isha dacwado badan oo caalami ah oo ka dhaca gobolka Delta-ga Niger ee Nigeria. Saamaynta daadinta saliidda ceyriin ee soo noqnoqda ee ku dhacda guryaha physicochemical, microbial, iyo hydrobiological ee Webiga Nun, oo ah isha koowaad ee biyaha la cabbo, cuntada, iyo nashaadaadka madadaalada ee bulshooyinka gobolka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ifelebuegu |first=A. O. |last2=Ukpebor |first2=J. E. |last3=Ahukannah |first3=A. U. |last4=Nnadi |first4=E. O. |last5=Theophilus |first5=S. C. |date=2017-03-20 |title=Environmental effects of crude oil spill on the physicochemical and hydrobiological characteristics of the Nun River, Niger Delta |url=https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/environmental-effects-of-crude-oil-spill-on-the-physicochemical-a/ |journal=Environmental Monitoring and Assessment |language=English |volume=189 |issue=4 |pages=173 |doi=10.1007/s10661-017-5882-x |issn=0167-6369}}</ref> Muunado ayaa laga soo ururiyay lix dhibcood oo muunad ah oo ku teedsan fidsanaanta hoose ee Webiga Nun muddo 3 toddobaad ah. Heerkulka, pH salinity, turbidity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, heavy metals, BTEX, PAHs, iyo microbial iyo plankton contents ayaa la qiimeeyay si loo xaqiijiyo tayada iyo heerka burburka webiga. Natiijooyinka la helay waxaa la barbardhigay xogta aasaasiga ah ee daraasadaha, heerarka qaranka iyo kuwa caalamiga ah. Natiijooyinka cabbirrada physicochemical waxay muujiyeen hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid tayada webiga sababtoo ah hawlaha wax-soo-saarka saliidda. Turbidity, TDS, TSS, DO, conductivity, iyo biraha culus (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, iyo Zn) waxay ku xad-gudbeen xadka qaranka iyo kan caalamiga ah ee biyaha la cabbo ee caafimaadka biyaha. Waxay sidoo kale ahaayeen kuwo aad uga sarreeya xaaladaha aasaasiga ah ee hore ee webiga. Sidoo kale, waxaa jiray isbeddello muuqda oo ku yimid kala duwanaanshaha phytoplankton, zooplankton, iyo microbial sababtoo ah wasakhda saliidda ee guud ahaan aagagga muunad-qaadista.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ifelebuegu |first1=Augustine O. |last2=Ukpebor |first2=Justina E. |last3=Ahukannah |first3=Anita U. |last4=Nnadi |first4=Ernest O. |last5=Theophilus |first5=Stephen C. |date=April 2017 |title=Environmental effects of crude oil spill on the physicochemical and hydrobiological characteristics of the Nun River, Niger Delta |journal=Environmental Monitoring and Assessment |volume=189 |issue=4 |pages=173 |doi=10.1007/s10661-017-5882-x |issn=1573-2959 |pmid=28321680|bibcode=2017EMnAs.189..173I }}</ref> == Cimilada == Heerkulka biyaha ee Webiga Nun xilligan waa 24°C, celceliska heerkulka biyuhuna waa 24°C.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Get Nun Entrance Niger River weather forecast for the week |url=https://www.tideschart.com/Nigeria/Bayelsa/Brass/Nun-Entrance-Niger-River/Weather/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.tideschart.com |language=en}}</ref> == Dhacdooyinka == 27 September 2017, Nun wuxuu jabiyay bangiyadiisa habeenkii wuxuuna qarqiyay guryo la deggan yahay oo ku teedsan bangigiisa [[Yenagoa]], caasimadda [[Bayelsa State|Gobolka Bayelsa]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Flood: River Nun overflows bank, submerges communities in Yenagoa |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/south-south-regional/244388-flood-river-nun-overflows-bank-submerges-communities-yenagoa.html?tztc=1 |access-date=2023-07-16 |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> 16 November 2019, afar [[journalist|weriye]] oo ka soo laabanayay xarun codbixineed, oo ku jiray waajibaadka doorashada guddoomiyaha gobolka, ayaa la badbaadiyay markii doonidoodu rogmatay.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Report |first=Agency |date=2019-11-16 |title=Bayelsa gov election: Journalists rescued as boat capsizes in Nun River |url=https://punchng.com/bayelsa-gov-election-journalists-rescued-from-drowning-as-boat-capsizes-in-nun-river/ |access-date=2023-07-16 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} ffdo2qw66jbx1tskzmtb3uggkm02pox Webiga Orisa 0 48621 301023 2026-07-07T14:56:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Orisa | native_name = {{nativename|yo|Odò Òrisá}} | image = River Orisa in Olla Town.jpg | map = | image_caption = Orisa oo ku taal [[Olla, Kwara|Olla]], Gobolka Kwara. | source1_location = [[Ora-Igbomina]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|7|42|36|N|4|40|2|E|name=Orisa source}} | mouth_location = [[River Niger|Webiga Niger]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|33|0|N|6|33|0|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | progression = [[River Niger|Webiga Niger]]→ [[Gulf of Guinea|Gacanka Guinea]] | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | length = {{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = }} '''Webiga Orisa''' ({{lang|yo|Yorùbá:}} {{IPA|yo|òɾisá|}}) waa webi ku yaal [[Kwara State|Gobolka Kwara]], [[Nigeria]]. Waa [[alluvial river|webi alluuvial]] ah iyo [[tributary|gacan-biyood]] leh waddo 300-kiloomitir (186mi) ah oo ka soo bilaabma [[Ora-Igbomina|Ọra]] kana qulqula magaalooyin kala duwan sida [[Aran-Orin]], Rore, [[Olla, Kwara|Olla]], iyo [[Omu-Aran]] ka hor inta uusan ku shubin [[River Niger|Webiga Niger]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Water Resources in Kwara State Nigeria|last=Oyegun|first=Rowland|URL=https://www.google.com.ng/books/edition/Water_Resources_in_Kwara_State_Nigeria/h8EMAQAAIAAJ?hl=en|publisher=Matanmi & Sons Printing & Publishing Company|isbn=9781870125}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Boundary Influence and Flow Characteristics of Orisa and Ala Rivers in Kwara and Ondo States, Nigeria|url=https://eprints.lmu.edu.ng/3836/1/6%20Paper%20on%20Boundary%20Influence.pdf|access-date=March 1, 2026 |website=Landmark University Repository}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Assessment of levels of some physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals of Orisa River, Omu-Aran, Nigeria|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352374043_Assessment_of_levels_of_some_physico-chemical_parameters_and_heavy_metals_of_Orisa_River_Omu-Aran_Nigeria|access-date=March 1, 2026 |website=ResearchGate}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Wiktionary|Orisa}} q1xnvlwdgrzmd8yl3iyk8dhwv1kawwd Webiga Wase 0 48622 301024 2026-07-07T14:58:38Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Wase | native_name ={{native name|ha|Bululluga}} | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Wase River.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Wase ee [[Wase, Nigeria|Wase]], Nigeria | map = | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda Webiga Wase | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 =[[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = Dawladda Hoose | subdivision_name2 = [[Wase, Nigeria|Wase]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|132|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = Gumshar oo ka tirsan [[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] | source1_location = [[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[River Benue|Webiga Benue]] | mouth_location = Dampar oo ka tirsan [[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = [[River Benue|Webiga Benue]] | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Wase''' waa webi ku yaal [[Wase, Nigeria|Wase]] [[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|LGA]], [[Plateau State|Gobolka Plateau]], [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wase River, Nigeria |url=https://ng.geoview.info/wase_river,501267984n |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=ng.geoview.info}}</ref> Wuxuu ku xiran yahay [[River Benue|Webiga Benue]] ee Dampar ee [[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi Local Government]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earth.google.com/web/@9.21190768,9.90350961,262.72075763a,31580.80154879d,35y,0h,0t,0r/data=ChQaEgoKL20vMDI2bDRucRgBIAEoAg |work=Google Earth |title=Wase River |date=26 March 2019 |accessdate=2019-03-26}}</ref> [[Maize|Galley]],{{cn|date=July 2023}} [[yam (vegetable)|yam]], [[mangoes|cambe]] iyo [[vegetable|khudaar]] kale oo beeraha ah ayaa ka baxa jiinkiisa.{{cn|date=July 2023}} == Tixraac == <references /> == Xiriirinta dibadda == *Vischer, Hans. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1776516 Journeys in Northern Nigeria] *Murphy, John. [http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nationworld/bal-polio0104,1,6396183.story?page=4&cset=true&ctrack=1 Distrust of U.S. foils effort to stop crippling disease] {{coord|8|27|N|10|06|E|display=title|region:NG_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} blie8e4aj3uz8dg7huy05si1x4ktkep 301025 301024 2026-07-07T15:01:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Wase | native_name ={{native name|ha|Bululluga}} | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Wase River.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Wase ee [[Wase, Nigeria|Wase]], Nigeria | map = | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda Webiga Wase | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 =[[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = Dawladda Hoose | subdivision_name2 = [[Wase, Nigeria|Wase]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|132|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = Gumshar oo ka tirsan [[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] | source1_location = [[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[River Benue|Webiga Benue]] | mouth_location = Dampar oo ka tirsan [[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = [[River Benue|Webiga Benue]] | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Wase''' waa webi ku yaal [[Wase, Nigeria|Wase]] [[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|LGA]], [[Plateau State|Gobolka Plateau]], [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wase River, Nigeria |url=https://ng.geoview.info/wase_river,501267984n |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=ng.geoview.info}}</ref> Wuxuu ku xiran yahay [[River Benue|Webiga Benue]] ee Dampar ee [[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi Local Government]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earth.google.com/web/@9.21190768,9.90350961,262.72075763a,31580.80154879d,35y,0h,0t,0r/data=ChQaEgoKL20vMDI2bDRucRgBIAEoAg |work=Google Earth |title=Wase River |date=26 March 2019 |accessdate=2019-03-26}}</ref> [[Maize|Galley]], [[yam (vegetable)|yam]], [[mangoes|cambe]] iyo [[vegetable|khudaar]] kale oo beeraha ah ayaa ka baxa jiinkiisa. == Tixraac == <references /> == Xiriirinta dibadda == *Vischer, Hans. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1776516 Journeys in Northern Nigeria] *Murphy, John. [http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nationworld/bal-polio0104,1,6396183.story?page=4&cset=true&ctrack=1 Distrust of U.S. foils effort to stop crippling disease] {{coord|8|27|N|10|06|E|display=title|region:NG_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} fmi0bqud3m7f3g2d2ctmjuy20aajnsy Webiga Bia 0 48623 301026 2026-07-07T15:05:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bia<br>''Rivière Bia'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Bia - Tano - Ankobra OSM.png | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Koonfurta Ghana oo leh webiga Bia | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] iyo [[Ivory Coast]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Afka | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|83|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Aby Lagoon|Aby Lagoon]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|05|48|N|3|05|42|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|9300|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Bia''' waa webi ku yaal inta badan [[Ghana]] wuxuuna maraa Ghana iyo [[Ivory Coast]],<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Rivers and Lakes]</ref> wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Aby Lagoon|Aby Lagoon]] oo ku taal xadka Ghana iyo Ivory Coast.<ref name=AJAS>{{cite journal |last=Seu-Anoï |first=N. M. |last2=Ouattara |first2=A. |last3=Koné |first3=Y. J.-M. |last4=Gourène |first4=G. |date=2011 |title=Seasonal distribution of phytoplankton in the Aby lagoon system, Ivory Coast, West Africa |journal=[[African Journal of Aquatic Science]] |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=321–330 |doi=10.2989/16085914.2011.643561 }}</ref> [[Hydroelectric dam|Xirka korontada biyaha]] ayaa laga dhisay Bia oo ku taal [[Ayamé]] sanadkii 1959, taasoo keentay samaysanka Harada Ayame.<ref>[http://www.mnhn.fr/sfi/cybium/numeros/pdf/242pdf/05.Duponchelle.pdf Lake Ayame] ''mnhn.fr''.</ref><ref>[http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd25/1/kona25013.htm Konan F K, Edia E O, Bony Y K, Ouattara A and Gourène G 2013: Fish assemblages in the Bia river-lake system (south-eastern Ivory Coast): A self-organizing map approach. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 25, Article #13. Retrieved November 21, 2014 ]</ref> Webiga Bia waa mid ka mid ah webiyada xuduudaha ka gudba ee galbeedka Afrika. Webigu wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa buuraleyda kaynta leh ee Ghana ee joogga 306 mitir meel u dhow magaalada Wamfie ee Gobolka Brong.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.fao.org/4/t0360e/T0360E05.htm |title=Country's File}}</ref> Webiga Bia wuxuu door aad u muhiim ah ka ciyaaraa nidaamka deegaanka iyo dhaqaalaha Afrika, isagoo u adeega sidii bullaacad muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay aagga ilaalinta Bia ee Galbeedka Ghana sida [[Sefwi people|Sefwi]], [[Aowin]], iyo [[Suaman District|Degmada Suaman]]. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} qd6iu40farucf6tiiwugeukqoxxk4tl Webiga Tano 0 48624 301027 2026-07-07T15:07:48Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Tano<br>''Rivière Tanoé'' | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = The Tano River.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Bia - Tano - Ankobra OSM.png | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Koonfurta Ghana oo leh webiga Tano | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] iyo [[Ivory Coast]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7|37|50|N|1|53|58|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = <ref>{{cite book |last1=Konadu |first1=Kwasi |last2=Campbell |first2=Clifford C. |title=The Ghana Reader |date=2016 |publisher=Duke University |location=Durham. North Carolina and London, England |isbn=978-0-8223-5992-0 |pages=39–40}}</ref> | extra = }} '''Tano''' ama '''Webiga Tanoé''' ([[French language|Af-Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Tano'') waa [[webi]] ku yaal [[Ghana]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa 400 [[Kilometre|kiiloomitir]] laga bilaabo magaalo la yiraahdo Traa, oo ah xaafad ka tirsan [[Techiman]], oo ah caasimadda [[Bono East Region|Gobolka Bono East]] ee Jamhuuriyadda Ghana ilaa [[Aby Lagoon|Ehy Lagoon]], [[Tendo Lagoon]] iyo ugu dambeyntii Aby Lagoon ee [[Ivory Coast]] halkaas oo uu ka galo [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]]. Webiga Tano wuxuu sameeyaa dhowr kiiloomitir oo ugu dambeeya xadka [[Ghana–Ivory Coast border|dhulka caalamiga ah]] ee u dhexeeya Ghana iyo Ivory Coast.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Tano Basin |url=https://wrc.gov.gh/ |publisher=Water Resources Commission of Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Asare‑Donkor |first=Noah Kyame |last2=Adimado |first2=Anthony Apeke |date=2016 |title=Influence of mining related activities on levels of mercury in water, sediment and fish from the Ankobra and Tano River basins in South Western Ghana |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/81847678.pdf |journal=Environmental Systems Research}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gbadamosi |first=Nosmot |date=28 January 2020 |title=Ghana's Bauxite Boom |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/28/china-investment-bauxite-mining-ghana-infrastructure/ |website=[[Foreign Policy]]}}</ref> [[Traditional religion|Caqiidooyinka maxalliga ah]] ee [[Bono people|dadka Bono]] ayaa aaminsan in Taakora, oo ah ilaaha ugu sarreeya ilaahyada Bono ee Dunida, uu ku nool yahay isha webiga.<ref>[http://patachu.com/tano-river/ Tano River] ''patachu.com''.</ref> Dadkii ugu dambeeyay ee ka mid ah [[Miss Waldron's red colobus|Miss Waldron's Red Colobus]] (''Piliocolobus badius waldronae''), oo ah mid ka mid ah [[primate|xayawaanka]] ugu halista badan dunida, ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay ku nool yihiin kaynta u dhaxaysa webiga iyo Ehy Lagoon.<ref>McGraw (2005)</ref> Ilaa badhtamihii [[2008]], aaggan waxaa loo qorsheeyay [[logging|in la gooyo]] kayntiisa ay shirkadda [[Unilever]], iyadoo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo [[oil palm|timirta saliidda]] [[plantation|beeraha]].<ref>Wolzer (2008)</ref><ref name=":0" /> Bishii [[January]] ee [[2020]], baabuur xamuul ah oo waday [[sulfuric acid]] ayaa ku dhacay webiga Tano. 13-kii Janaayo dadka ayaa lagula taliyay inaysan cabin biyaha sababtoo ah wasakhowga. Webiga tan iyo markaas waxaa loo soo celiyay xaaladdiisa dabiiciga ah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poisoned Tano River Restored – GWCL |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/979917/poisoned-tano-river-restored-gwcl.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == Bulaacada iyo Hydrology-ga == Webiga Tano waa marin-biyoodka ugu weyn ee Bulaacada Tano, oo ah mid ka mid ah afarta bulaacadood ee waaweyn ee koonfur-galbeed Ghana, oo ay weheliyaan bulaacadaha Ankobra, Bia, iyo Pra. Bulaacadu waxay daboolaysaa qiyaastii 16,060 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran, taas oo qiyaastii 92.6% ay ku taal gudaha Ghana iyo 7.4% ay u gudubto Ivory Coast.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=TANO BASIN |url=https://wrc.gov.gh/ova_por/tano/}}</ref> Bulaacadu waxay ku fidsan tahay inta u dhaxaysa loolka ''5°00′ N'' iyo ''7°40′ N'' iyo dhigaha 1°48′ W iyo ''3°05′ W''. Gacan-biyoodyada waaweyn ee Webiga Tano waxaa ka mid ah ''Boin'', ''Disue'', ''Amama'', ''Abu'', ''Gaw'', ''Suraw'', ''Samre'', ''Totua'', iyo ''webiyada Disri''.<ref name=":1" /> Bulaacada Tano waxay taageertaa [[agriculture|beeraha]], [[forestry|kaymaha]], [[mining|macdanta]], iyo sahayda biyaha guriga ee koonfur-galbeed Ghana iyo koonfur-bari Ivory Coast. Nidaamka webigu wuxuu bullaacaa gobol qani ku ah khayraadka macdanta, oo ay ku jiraan dahabka iyo kaydka bauxite.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tano River {{!}} Ghana, Ivory Coast & Burkina Faso {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Tano-River |access-date=2026-06-16 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> == Deegaanka iyo Kala duwanaanshaha == Webiga Tano iyo qoyan-dhuleedyada la xiriira waxay taageeraan nidaamyo deegaan oo muhiim ah, gaar ahaan bulaacada hoose ee ku wareegsan kaymaha Tanoé-Ehy iyo [[Aby Lagoon complex|nidaamka Aby Lagoon]]. [[Habitat|Goobahan]] waxay ka kooban yihiin [[biodiversity|kala duwanaansho noole]] muhiim ah waxayna bixiyaan xiriir deegaan oo u dhexeeya Ghana iyo Ivory Coast.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Koffi |first=Alexandre Tano Kan |date=2025-07-21 |title=Comprehensive Analysis of the Tano River and Its Basin |url=https://tanoriver.com/comprehensive-analysis-of-the-tano-river-and-its-basin/ |access-date=2026-06-16 |website=The Tano River |language=en-US}}</ref> Bulaacadu waxay sidoo kale taageertaa noocyo badan oo kalluun ah, shimbiraha qoyan-dhuleedka, iyo nidaamyada deegaanka kaynta kuleylaha kuwaas oo si sii kordheysa loogu hanjabay xaalufinta kaymaha, ballaarinta beeraha, iyo hawlaha macdanta sharci darrada ah.<ref name=":2" /> == Caqabadaha Deegaanka == Bulaacada Webiga Tano waxay wajahaysaa cadaadis [[environmental|deegaan]] oo kordhaya oo ka imanaya [[deforestation|xaalufinta kaymaha]], [[pollution|wasakhowga]], '''''macdan qodista sharci darrada ah''''' (oo maxalli ahaan loo yaqaan ''[[galamsey]]''), iyo [[agricultural expansion|ballaarinta beeraha]]. Hawlahani waxay gacan ka geystaan hoos u dhaca tayada biyaha, sedimentation, iyo luminta deegaanka.<ref name=":2" /> Iskaashiga xuduudaha ee u dhexeeya Ghana iyo [[Ivory Coast|Côte d’Ivoire]] ayaa si sii kordheysa muhiim u ah si loo hubiyo maaraynta waarta ee khayraadka biyaha iyo [[Ecosystem|nidaamyada deegaanka]] ee webiga.<ref name=":1" /> == Qoraallada == {{Reflist}} == Tixraac == {{Commons}} * {{aut|McGraw, W. Scott}} (2005): Update on the Search for Miss Waldron's Red Colobus Monkey. ''International Journal of Primatology'' '''26'''(3): 605–619. <small>{{doi|10.1007/s10764-005-4368-9}}</small> * {{aut|Wolzer, Chris}} (2008): Tanoé Swamps Forest destruction by Unilever. Retrieved 2008-JUN-24. jk1gy10yf231ji9sofaty5921xgimy2 301028 301027 2026-07-07T15:08:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* Bulaacada iyo Biyaha */ 301028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Tano<br>''Rivière Tanoé'' | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = The Tano River.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Bia - Tano - Ankobra OSM.png | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Koonfurta Ghana oo leh webiga Tano | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] iyo [[Ivory Coast]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7|37|50|N|1|53|58|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = <ref>{{cite book |last1=Konadu |first1=Kwasi |last2=Campbell |first2=Clifford C. |title=The Ghana Reader |date=2016 |publisher=Duke University |location=Durham. North Carolina and London, England |isbn=978-0-8223-5992-0 |pages=39–40}}</ref> | extra = }} '''Tano''' ama '''Webiga Tanoé''' ([[French language|Af-Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Tano'') waa [[webi]] ku yaal [[Ghana]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa 400 [[Kilometre|kiiloomitir]] laga bilaabo magaalo la yiraahdo Traa, oo ah xaafad ka tirsan [[Techiman]], oo ah caasimadda [[Bono East Region|Gobolka Bono East]] ee Jamhuuriyadda Ghana ilaa [[Aby Lagoon|Ehy Lagoon]], [[Tendo Lagoon]] iyo ugu dambeyntii Aby Lagoon ee [[Ivory Coast]] halkaas oo uu ka galo [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]]. Webiga Tano wuxuu sameeyaa dhowr kiiloomitir oo ugu dambeeya xadka [[Ghana–Ivory Coast border|dhulka caalamiga ah]] ee u dhexeeya Ghana iyo Ivory Coast.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Tano Basin |url=https://wrc.gov.gh/ |publisher=Water Resources Commission of Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Asare‑Donkor |first=Noah Kyame |last2=Adimado |first2=Anthony Apeke |date=2016 |title=Influence of mining related activities on levels of mercury in water, sediment and fish from the Ankobra and Tano River basins in South Western Ghana |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/81847678.pdf |journal=Environmental Systems Research}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gbadamosi |first=Nosmot |date=28 January 2020 |title=Ghana's Bauxite Boom |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/28/china-investment-bauxite-mining-ghana-infrastructure/ |website=[[Foreign Policy]]}}</ref> [[Traditional religion|Caqiidooyinka maxalliga ah]] ee [[Bono people|dadka Bono]] ayaa aaminsan in Taakora, oo ah ilaaha ugu sarreeya ilaahyada Bono ee Dunida, uu ku nool yahay isha webiga.<ref>[http://patachu.com/tano-river/ Tano River] ''patachu.com''.</ref> Dadkii ugu dambeeyay ee ka mid ah [[Miss Waldron's red colobus|Miss Waldron's Red Colobus]] (''Piliocolobus badius waldronae''), oo ah mid ka mid ah [[primate|xayawaanka]] ugu halista badan dunida, ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay ku nool yihiin kaynta u dhaxaysa webiga iyo Ehy Lagoon.<ref>McGraw (2005)</ref> Ilaa badhtamihii [[2008]], aaggan waxaa loo qorsheeyay [[logging|in la gooyo]] kayntiisa ay shirkadda [[Unilever]], iyadoo ujeedadu tahay in lagu beddelo [[oil palm|timirta saliidda]] [[plantation|beeraha]].<ref>Wolzer (2008)</ref><ref name=":0" /> Bishii [[January]] ee [[2020]], baabuur xamuul ah oo waday [[sulfuric acid]] ayaa ku dhacay webiga Tano. 13-kii Janaayo dadka ayaa lagula taliyay inaysan cabin biyaha sababtoo ah wasakhowga. Webiga tan iyo markaas waxaa loo soo celiyay xaaladdiisa dabiiciga ah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poisoned Tano River Restored – GWCL |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/979917/poisoned-tano-river-restored-gwcl.html |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == Bulaacada iyo Biyaha == Webiga Tano waa marin-biyoodka ugu weyn ee Bulaacada Tano, oo ah mid ka mid ah afarta bulaacadood ee waaweyn ee koonfur-galbeed Ghana, oo ay weheliyaan bulaacadaha Ankobra, Bia, iyo Pra. Bulaacadu waxay daboolaysaa qiyaastii 16,060 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran, taas oo qiyaastii 92.6% ay ku taal gudaha Ghana iyo 7.4% ay u gudubto Ivory Coast.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=TANO BASIN |url=https://wrc.gov.gh/ova_por/tano/}}</ref> Bulaacadu waxay ku fidsan tahay inta u dhaxaysa loolka ''5°00′ N'' iyo ''7°40′ N'' iyo dhigaha 1°48′ W iyo ''3°05′ W''. Gacan-biyoodyada waaweyn ee Webiga Tano waxaa ka mid ah ''Boin'', ''Disue'', ''Amama'', ''Abu'', ''Gaw'', ''Suraw'', ''Samre'', ''Totua'', iyo ''webiyada Disri''.<ref name=":1" /> Bulaacada Tano waxay taageertaa [[agriculture|beeraha]], [[forestry|kaymaha]], [[mining|macdanta]], iyo sahayda biyaha guriga ee koonfur-galbeed Ghana iyo koonfur-bari Ivory Coast. Nidaamka webigu wuxuu bullaacaa gobol qani ku ah khayraadka macdanta, oo ay ku jiraan dahabka iyo kaydka bauxite.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tano River {{!}} Ghana, Ivory Coast & Burkina Faso {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Tano-River |access-date=2026-06-16 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> == Deegaanka iyo Kala duwanaanshaha == Webiga Tano iyo qoyan-dhuleedyada la xiriira waxay taageeraan nidaamyo deegaan oo muhiim ah, gaar ahaan bulaacada hoose ee ku wareegsan kaymaha Tanoé-Ehy iyo [[Aby Lagoon complex|nidaamka Aby Lagoon]]. [[Habitat|Goobahan]] waxay ka kooban yihiin [[biodiversity|kala duwanaansho noole]] muhiim ah waxayna bixiyaan xiriir deegaan oo u dhexeeya Ghana iyo Ivory Coast.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Koffi |first=Alexandre Tano Kan |date=2025-07-21 |title=Comprehensive Analysis of the Tano River and Its Basin |url=https://tanoriver.com/comprehensive-analysis-of-the-tano-river-and-its-basin/ |access-date=2026-06-16 |website=The Tano River |language=en-US}}</ref> Bulaacadu waxay sidoo kale taageertaa noocyo badan oo kalluun ah, shimbiraha qoyan-dhuleedka, iyo nidaamyada deegaanka kaynta kuleylaha kuwaas oo si sii kordheysa loogu hanjabay xaalufinta kaymaha, ballaarinta beeraha, iyo hawlaha macdanta sharci darrada ah.<ref name=":2" /> == Caqabadaha Deegaanka == Bulaacada Webiga Tano waxay wajahaysaa cadaadis [[environmental|deegaan]] oo kordhaya oo ka imanaya [[deforestation|xaalufinta kaymaha]], [[pollution|wasakhowga]], '''''macdan qodista sharci darrada ah''''' (oo maxalli ahaan loo yaqaan ''[[galamsey]]''), iyo [[agricultural expansion|ballaarinta beeraha]]. Hawlahani waxay gacan ka geystaan hoos u dhaca tayada biyaha, sedimentation, iyo luminta deegaanka.<ref name=":2" /> Iskaashiga xuduudaha ee u dhexeeya Ghana iyo [[Ivory Coast|Côte d’Ivoire]] ayaa si sii kordheysa muhiim u ah si loo hubiyo maaraynta waarta ee khayraadka biyaha iyo [[Ecosystem|nidaamyada deegaanka]] ee webiga.<ref name=":1" /> == Qoraallada == {{Reflist}} == Tixraac == {{Commons}} * {{aut|McGraw, W. Scott}} (2005): Update on the Search for Miss Waldron's Red Colobus Monkey. ''International Journal of Primatology'' '''26'''(3): 605–619. <small>{{doi|10.1007/s10764-005-4368-9}}</small> * {{aut|Wolzer, Chris}} (2008): Tanoé Swamps Forest destruction by Unilever. Retrieved 2008-JUN-24. qnxayb5d0xi23pc6ki72rez9tfuq21s Webiga Nini 0 48625 301029 2026-07-07T15:10:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Nini | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 10 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Tano River|Webiga Tano]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|25|0|N|2|36|0|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Nini''' waa [[webi]] ku yaal koonfur-galbeed ee [[Ghana]]. Waa mid ka mid ah webiyada loogu magac daray Beerta Qaranka [[Nini Suhien National Park|Nini-Suhien]] (oo hadda lagu daray [[Ankasa Conservation Area|Aagga Ilaalinta Ankasa]]).<ref>[http://www.ghana-travel.com/ghana/holiday/ankobra.htm Nini and Suhien Rivers]</ref> Wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Tano River|Webiga Tano]]. == Socodka iyo Goobta == Webiga Nini wuxuu ku yaal qaybta kaynta leh ee koonfur-galbeed ee Ghana, ee [[Western Region (Ghana)|Gobolka Galbeedka]]. Afkiisa waxaa lagu sheegaa inuu yahay Webiga Tano, iyadoo isku-duwayaasha afku ay yihiin 5°25′0″N 2°36′0″W. Webigu wuxuu la xiriiraa Aagga Ilaalinta Ankasa, oo ah dhul la ilaaliyo oo u dhow xadka Ghana ay la wadaagto [[Ivory Coast|Côte d’Ivoire]]. Aagga ilaalintu wuxuu ka kooban yahay Kaydka Khayraadka Ankasa iyo Beerta Qaranka Nini-Suhien. Aagga la ilaaliyo ee ballaaran wuxuu ku yaal Gobolka Galbeedka waqooyiga waddada Axim-Mpataba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Key Biodiversity Areas |url=https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/site/factsheet/6311 |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=www.keybiodiversityareas.org}}</ref> == Kala duwanaanshaha == Webiga Nini wuxuu maraa muuqaal kayn-roobeed la ilaaliyo oo caan ku ah kala duwanaansho noole sare. Qaybta Duurjoogta ee Ghana waxay ku tilmaamtay Aagga Ilaalinta Ankasa inay tahay aagga la ilaaliyo ee ugu kala duwan noolaha Ghana waxayna sheegtay inay ku jiraan in ka badan 800 oo nooc oo dhir ah, oo ay ku jiraan noocyo endemic ah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Wildlife Division : National Wildlife Reserves |url=https://ghanawildlife.org/ankasa.html |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=ghanawildlife.org}}</ref> Kayntu sidoo kale waa muhiim u ah naasleyda, shimbiraha, xamaarato, aboor-baaleeyda, iyo fauna-da biyaha. Qaybta Duurjoogta ee Ghana waxay warisay in aagga la ilaaliyo ee ballaaran uu taageero maroodiga kaynta, bongo, shabeelka, yellow-backed duiker, dhowr nooc oo daanyeer ah, in ka badan 200 oo nooc oo shimbiro ah, iyo in ka badan 600 oo nooc oo aboor-baaleey ah. Dhismaha Kaydka Khayraadka Ankasa-Nini-Sushien National Park waxaa loo aqoonsaday inay tahay Aag Kala Duwanaansho Noole Muhiim ah. Xogta KBA waxay sheegaysaa in goobtu ay taageerto tiro badan oo noocyo kayn ah oo halis ku jira waxayna leedahay mid ka mid ah avifaunas-ka ugu wanaagsan ee lagu darso goobaha kaynta Ghana<ref name=":0" />. Waxa kale oo ay diiwaangelisay joogitaanka noocyada shimbiraha ee la xiriira biyaha macaan ee ku dhex jira aagga la ilaaliyo, oo ay ku jiraan diiwaanno la xiriira webiyada ku yaal muuqaalka Ankasa-Nini-Sushien<ref name=":0" />. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/index.html GEOnet Names Server] *[http://www.ghana-travel.com/ghana/holiday/ankobra.htm Bogga dalxiiska oo tixraacaya Webiyada Nini iyo Suhien] tstv25xo2anmwlz6cn1viwnbrogqwao Webiga Ankobra 0 48626 301030 2026-07-07T15:13:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ankobra | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | image = File:Estuary of Ankobra River.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = [[Estuary|Afka]] Webiga Ankobra | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Gulf of Guinea|Gacanka Guinea]] | mouth_location = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|4|53|55|N|2|16|17|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = |basin_size_km2=1900 | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Ankobra''' wuxuu ku yaal koonfur-galbeed [[Ghana]]. Webigu wuxuu ka soo bilowdaa waqooyi-bari ee [[Wiawso]] ee [[Western North Region|Gobolka Galbeedka Waqooyi]] ee Ghana. Wuxuu u qulqulaa qiyaastii {{convert|190|km}} koonfurta ilaa [[Gulf of Guinea|Gacanka Guinea]], wuxuuna galaa badweynta qiyaastii 60&nbsp;km galbeed ka xigta magaalada [[Takoradi]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Rivers and Lakes]</ref> Afkiisa u dhow waxaa ku yaal haraaga [[Fort Elize Carthago]], oo ahayd goob ganacsi oo Dutch ah oo la dayacay 1711. Webiga Ankobra waxaa quudiya [[Nini River|Webiga Nini]]. Maraakiibta yaryar ayaa mari kara {{convert|80|km|nmi mi|sigfig=1}} gudaha dalka, halka qaybaha sare ay ku jiraan [[rapids|xawaareyn]]. Dhowr qorshe oo [[hydro electric|koronto-biyood]] ayaa loo soo jeediyay qaybaha sare.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes"/> Waa mid ka mid ah bulaacadaha ugu waaweyn Ghana. Sanadkii 2003, [[Mercury (element)|mirkuri]] iyo [[arsenic]] ayaa lagu soo warramey goobta [[gold mining|macdanta dahabka]] ee Bulaacada Webiga Ankobra.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215898701 |doi=10.1051/jp4:20030255|title=Mercury and arsenic in the gold mining regions of the Ankobra River basin in Ghana |year=2003 |last1=Bannerman |first1=W. |last2=Potin-Gautier |first2=M. |last3=Amoureux |first3=D. |last4=Tellier |first4=S. |last5=Rambaud |first5=A. |last6=Babut |first6=M. |last7=Adimado |first7=A. |last8=Beinhoff |first8=C. |journal=Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) |volume=107 |pages=107–110 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1186/s40068-016-0055-4|title=Influence of mining related activities on levels of mercury in water, sediment and fish from the Ankobra and Tano River basins in South Western Ghana|year=2016|last1=Asare-Donkor|first1=Noah Kyame|last2=Adimado|first2=Anthony Apeke|journal=Environmental Systems Research|volume=5|doi-access=free}}</ref> == Sawirro == <gallery> File:Fort Ruijghaver 010.svg|upright|Socodka Webiga Ankobra File:Ankobra River, Ghana.JPG|upright|Muuqaalka waqooyi ee dhanka koonfureed ee Webiga Ankobra File:Fishing boats, Ghana.JPG|upright|Doonyaha kalluumeysiga ee Webiga Ankobra File:Fishing boats at Ankobra River, Ghana.JPG|Doonyaha kalluumeysiga ee afka Webiga Ankobra </gallery> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons}} * [http://countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Webiyada iyo Harooyinka] hpv00p659gevwegdp5dmbecrc64g52y Webiga Pra 0 48627 301031 2026-07-07T15:16:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox river | map = Pra River.gif | map_caption = Webiga Pra iyo gacan-biyoodyada waaweyn | mapframe = yes | length_km = 240 }} '''Webiga Pra''' waa webi ku yaal [[Ghana]]. Waa webiga ugu bariga fog uguna weyn saddexda webi ee ugu waaweyn ee bullaaca aagga koonfurta ka xigta [[Lake Volta|Volta]] kala qaybsanaanta. Wuxuu ka soo bilowdaa [[Kwahu Plateau|Kwahu Plateau]] meel u dhow [[Mpraeso]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa 240 km (149.129 mi) koonfurta isagoo mara meelo hodan ku ah [[Cocoa bean|kakooga]] iyo beeraha iyo kaymo qaali ah oo ku yaal [[Akan people|Akan]] bannaanka hoose. Pra wuxuu galaa [[Gulf of Guinea|Gacanka Guinea]] bariga [[Takoradi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commonwealth.ednet.ns.ca/africa/Ghana/Landforms/landforms.html|title=Ghana – Landforms|publisher=commonwealth.ednet.ns|access-date=18 March 2009}}</ref> Qarnigii 19-aad, Pra wuxuu u adeegay sidii xuduud u dhaxaysa [[Ashanti Confederacy|Ashanti Confederacy]] iyo [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]]. Pra wuxuu leeyahay cataract badan, gaar ahaan Bosomasi Rapids ee Anyinabrim, inta badanna ma ahan mid la mari karo xitaa [[canoe|doonyo]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaybta hore ee [[20th century|qarnigii labaatanaad]] Pra waxaa loo isticmaali jiray si ballaaran si loogu sabbeeyo [[Lumber|alwaax]] xeebta si loo dhoofiyo. Ganacsigan hadda waxaa loo qaadaa waddo iyo tareen. Gacan-biyoodyada waaweyn waa webiyada [[Ofin River|Ofin]], Anum iyo [[Birim River|Birim]]. Qaybta waqooyi ee Pra weli waxaa looga shaqeeyaa [[artisan|dahab]] gacmeed leh [[Mercury (element)|mirkuri]] bir ah, taasoo keentay wasakhow xoogaa ah.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18078910|title=Mercury in different environmental compartments of the Pra River Basin, Ghana|volume=368 |issue=1 |publisher=Centre national de la recherche scientifique|access-date=18 March 2009}}</ref> Dooxada webiga Birim waa isha ugu weyn ee [[Diamond|dheemanka]]. == Gacan-biyoodyada iyo Astaamaha Jirka == Gacan-biyoodyada waaweyn ee Webiga Pra waxaa ka mid ah webiyada Ofin, [[Birim River|Birim]], [[Anum]], iyo Oda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pra River-Water Resources Commission |url=https://wrc.gov.gh/ova_por/pra-basin/}}</ref> Webiga waxaa lagu gartaa xawaareyn iyo cataract, taas oo adkeynaysa socodka inta badan socodkiisa.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pra {{!}} River, Ghana, Length, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Pra-River? |access-date=2026-06-16 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Bulaacadiisu waxay ka kooban tahay muuqaalo kala duwan sida [[Forest|aagagga kaynta]], dhulalka beeraha, iyo meelo hodan ku ah macdanta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Awotwi |first1=Alfred |last2=Anornu |first2=Geophrey Kwame |last3=Quaye-Ballard |first3=Jonathan |last4=Annor |first4=Thompson |last5=Forkuo |first5=Eric Kwabena |date=December 2017 |title=Analysis of climate and anthropogenic impacts on runoff in the Lower Pra River Basin of Ghana |journal=Heliyon |volume=3 |issue=12 |article-number=e00477 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00477 |doi-access=free |issn=2405-8440 |pmc=5753612 |pmid=29322102 |bibcode=2017Heliy...300477A }}</ref> == Arrimaha Deegaanka iyo Wasakhowga == Webiga Pra waxaa si xoog leh u saameeyay hawlaha macdan qodista yar yar ee sharci darrada ah ([[galamsey]]), kuwaas oo ku dara [[Mercury (element)|mirkuri]] iyo fadhiid biyaha nidaamka.<ref name=":0" /> Daraasaduhu waxay muujinayaan in tayada biyaha qaybo badan oo ka mid ah bulaacada ay dhaaftay xadka [[World Health Organization|WHO]] ee cabbirrada sida wasakhowga [[iron|birta]] iyo [[lead|luudka]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bessah |first1=Enoch |last2=Raji |first2=Abdulganiy O. |last3=Taiwo |first3=Olalekan J. |last4=Agodzo |first4=Sampson K. |last5=Ololade |first5=Olusola O. |last6=Strapasson |first6=Alexandre |last7=Donkor |first7=Emmanuel |date=2021-12-01 |title=Assessment of surface waters and pollution impacts in Southern Ghana |url=https://iwaponline.com/hr/article/52/6/1423/85022/Assessment-of-surface-waters-and-pollution-impacts |journal=Hydrology Research |language=en |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=1423–1435 |doi=10.2166/nh.2021.051 |bibcode=2021HydR...52.1423B |issn=0029-1277|doi-access=free }}</ref> == Cimilada iyo Caqabadaha Hydrological == Bulaacada Pra waxay la kulmaysaa isbeddel cimilo oo kordhaya, oo ay ku jiraan heerkul sare iyo dhacdooyin roobaad oo aad u daran.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=GNA |date=2025-10-23 |title=Pra River Basin experiencing extreme weather conditions |url=https://gna.org.gh/2025/10/pra-river-basin-experiencing-extreme-weather-conditions/ |access-date=2026-06-16 |website=Ghana News Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> Isbeddelladani waxay kordhiyaan khatarta fatahaadaha, cadaadiska abaaraha, iyo amni-darrada biyaha ee bulaacada oo dhan.<ref name=":1" /> Daraasadaha hydrological waxay muujinayaan in isbeddelka isticmaalka dhulku uu si weyn u saameeyo qulqulka iyo dheelitirka biyaha ee bulaacada.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Awotwi |first1=Alfred |last2=Anornu |first2=Geophrey Kwame |last3=Quaye-Ballard |first3=Jonathan Arthur |last4=Annor |first4=Thompson |last5=Forkuo |first5=Eric Kwabena |last6=Harris |first6=Emmanuel |last7=Agyekum |first7=Jacob |last8=Terlabie |first8=John Lawer |date=November 2019 |title=Water balance responses to land-use/land-cover changes in the Pra River Basin of Ghana, 1986–2025 |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0341816219302711 |journal=CATENA |language=en |volume=182 |article-number=104129 |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2019.104129 |bibcode=2019Caten.18204129A |url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[Akim Oda]] waa xarunta ganacsiga ee waqooyiga bulaacada Pra. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons}} *{{cite web|url=http://fish.mongabay.com/data/ecosystems/Pra.htm|title=Noocyada Kalluunka ee Webiga Pra|publisher=Monga Bay|access-date=18 March 2009}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|5.01913|N|1.62598|W|source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} qv9f6hyzkl1u6b09xrh3wvpa3vfd3qq 301032 301031 2026-07-07T15:16:42Z Isma4l 41797 301032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox river | map = Pra River.gif | map_caption = Webiga Pra iyo gacan-biyoodyada waaweyn | mapframe = yes | length_km = 240 }} '''Webiga Pra''' waa webi ku yaal [[Ghana]]. Waa webiga ugu bariga fog uguna weyn saddexda webi ee ugu waaweyn ee bullaaca aagga koonfurta ka xigta [[Lake Volta|Volta]] kala qaybsanaanta. Wuxuu ka soo bilowdaa [[Kwahu Plateau|Kwahu Plateau]] meel u dhow [[Mpraeso]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa 240 km (149.129 mi) koonfurta isagoo mara meelo hodan ku ah [[Cocoa bean|kakooga]] iyo beeraha iyo kaymo qaali ah oo ku yaal [[Akan people|Akan]] bannaanka hoose. Pra wuxuu galaa [[Gulf of Guinea|Gacanka Guinea]] bariga [[Takoradi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commonwealth.ednet.ns.ca/africa/Ghana/Landforms/landforms.html|title=Ghana – Landforms|publisher=commonwealth.ednet.ns|access-date=18 March 2009}}</ref> Qarnigii 19-aad, Pra wuxuu u adeegay sidii xuduud u dhaxaysa [[Ashanti Confederacy|Ashanti Confederacy]] iyo [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]]. Pra wuxuu leeyahay cataract badan, gaar ahaan Bosomasi Rapids ee Anyinabrim, inta badanna ma ahan mid la mari karo xitaa [[canoe|doonyo]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaybta hore ee [[20th century|qarnigii labaatanaad]] Pra waxaa loo isticmaali jiray si ballaaran si loogu sabbeeyo [[Lumber|alwaax]] xeebta si loo dhoofiyo. Ganacsigan hadda waxaa loo qaadaa waddo iyo tareen. Gacan-biyoodyada waaweyn waa webiyada [[Ofin River|Ofin]], Anum iyo [[Birim River|Birim]]. Qaybta waqooyi ee Pra weli waxaa looga shaqeeyaa [[artisan|dahab]] gacmeed leh [[Mercury (element)|mirkuri]] bir ah, taasoo keentay wasakhow xoogaa ah.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18078910|title=Mercury in different environmental compartments of the Pra River Basin, Ghana|volume=368 |issue=1 |publisher=Centre national de la recherche scientifique|access-date=18 March 2009}}</ref> Dooxada webiga Birim waa isha ugu weyn ee [[Diamond|dheemanka]]. == Gacan-biyoodyada iyo Astaamaha Jirka == Gacan-biyoodyada waaweyn ee Webiga Pra waxaa ka mid ah webiyada Ofin, [[Birim River|Birim]], [[Anum]], iyo Oda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pra River-Water Resources Commission |url=https://wrc.gov.gh/ova_por/pra-basin/}}</ref> Webiga waxaa lagu gartaa xawaareyn iyo cataract, taas oo adkeynaysa socodka inta badan socodkiisa.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pra {{!}} River, Ghana, Length, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Pra-River? |access-date=2026-06-16 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Bulaacadiisu waxay ka kooban tahay muuqaalo kala duwan sida [[Forest|aagagga kaynta]], dhulalka beeraha, iyo meelo hodan ku ah macdanta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Awotwi |first1=Alfred |last2=Anornu |first2=Geophrey Kwame |last3=Quaye-Ballard |first3=Jonathan |last4=Annor |first4=Thompson |last5=Forkuo |first5=Eric Kwabena |date=December 2017 |title=Analysis of climate and anthropogenic impacts on runoff in the Lower Pra River Basin of Ghana |journal=Heliyon |volume=3 |issue=12 |article-number=e00477 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00477 |doi-access=free |issn=2405-8440 |pmc=5753612 |pmid=29322102 |bibcode=2017Heliy...300477A }}</ref> == Arrimaha Deegaanka iyo Wasakhowga == Webiga Pra waxaa si xoog leh u saameeyay hawlaha macdan qodista yar yar ee sharci darrada ah ([[galamsey]]), kuwaas oo ku dara [[Mercury (element)|mirkuri]] iyo fadhiid biyaha nidaamka.<ref name=":0" /> Daraasaduhu waxay muujinayaan in tayada biyaha qaybo badan oo ka mid ah bulaacada ay dhaaftay xadka [[World Health Organization|WHO]] ee cabbirrada sida wasakhowga [[iron|birta]] iyo [[lead|luudka]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bessah |first1=Enoch |last2=Raji |first2=Abdulganiy O. |last3=Taiwo |first3=Olalekan J. |last4=Agodzo |first4=Sampson K. |last5=Ololade |first5=Olusola O. |last6=Strapasson |first6=Alexandre |last7=Donkor |first7=Emmanuel |date=2021-12-01 |title=Assessment of surface waters and pollution impacts in Southern Ghana |url=https://iwaponline.com/hr/article/52/6/1423/85022/Assessment-of-surface-waters-and-pollution-impacts |journal=Hydrology Research |language=en |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=1423–1435 |doi=10.2166/nh.2021.051 |bibcode=2021HydR...52.1423B |issn=0029-1277|doi-access=free }}</ref> == Cimilada iyo Caqabadaha Biyaha == Bulaacada Pra waxay la kulmaysaa isbeddel cimilo oo kordhaya, oo ay ku jiraan heerkul sare iyo dhacdooyin roobaad oo aad u daran.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=GNA |date=2025-10-23 |title=Pra River Basin experiencing extreme weather conditions |url=https://gna.org.gh/2025/10/pra-river-basin-experiencing-extreme-weather-conditions/ |access-date=2026-06-16 |website=Ghana News Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> Isbeddelladani waxay kordhiyaan khatarta fatahaadaha, cadaadiska abaaraha, iyo amni-darrada biyaha ee bulaacada oo dhan.<ref name=":1" /> Daraasadaha hydrological waxay muujinayaan in isbeddelka isticmaalka dhulku uu si weyn u saameeyo qulqulka iyo dheelitirka biyaha ee bulaacada.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Awotwi |first1=Alfred |last2=Anornu |first2=Geophrey Kwame |last3=Quaye-Ballard |first3=Jonathan Arthur |last4=Annor |first4=Thompson |last5=Forkuo |first5=Eric Kwabena |last6=Harris |first6=Emmanuel |last7=Agyekum |first7=Jacob |last8=Terlabie |first8=John Lawer |date=November 2019 |title=Water balance responses to land-use/land-cover changes in the Pra River Basin of Ghana, 1986–2025 |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0341816219302711 |journal=CATENA |language=en |volume=182 |article-number=104129 |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2019.104129 |bibcode=2019Caten.18204129A |url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[Akim Oda]] waa xarunta ganacsiga ee waqooyiga bulaacada Pra. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons}} *{{cite web|url=http://fish.mongabay.com/data/ecosystems/Pra.htm|title=Noocyada Kalluunka ee Webiga Pra|publisher=Monga Bay|access-date=18 March 2009}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|5.01913|N|1.62598|W|source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} algb9ezhznc01qbtfu7xwkbxm7ipy19 Webiga Ofin 0 48628 301033 2026-07-07T15:19:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ofin | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-37-34.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Buundo ku taal Webiga Ofin sanadkii 1925 | map = Pra River Basin OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = Koonfurta Ghana oo leh Ofin (bidix) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Pra River (Ghana)|Webiga Pra]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|40|0|N|2|10|0|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Ofin''' waa marin-biyood u qulqula dhanka bari ee [[Ghana]]. Wuxuu maraa [[Nature reserve|Kaydka]] Tano Ofin ee [[Atwima Mponua District|Degmada Atwima Mponua]] ee Ghana.<ref name="From spectators to managers">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bothends.org/encycl/cases/printcase.php?id=36&id_language=1 |title=''From spectators to managers of tropical forests, Ghana''. Retrieved May 22, 2006. |access-date=May 22, 2006 }}</ref> Sariirta webiga Ofin waxay 90 mitir ka sarreysaa heerka badda. Ofin wuxuu jaray kanaallo dhinac ah oo dhaadheer, kuwaas oo qoto dheer celcelis ahaan 12–15 mitir, oo ku dhex yaal dhulalka rogmada ee uu ku qulqulo.<ref name="From spectators to managers"/> Webiyada Ofin iyo [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra]] waxay sameeyaan xadka u dhexeeya [[Ashanti Region|Gobolka Ashanti]] ee Ghana iyo [[Central Region, Ghana|Gobolka Dhexe]]. [[Dunkwa-on-Offin]] waa magaalo weyn oo ku taal webiga.<ref name="From spectators to managers"/> [[Gold|Dahab]] ayaa laga qodaa fadhiidka webiga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=J.B. |last2=Hastings |first2=D.A. |last3=Jones |first3=W.B. |last4=Williams |first4=H.R. |editor1-last=Wright |editor1-first=J.B. |title=Geology and Mineral Resources of West Africa |date=1985 |publisher=George Allen & UNWIN |location=London |isbn=9780045560011 |pages=45–47 |ref=gold}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Ryan |last2=Anderson |first2=Eric |title=Quartz-Pebble-Conglomerate Gold Deposits, Chapter P of Mineral Deposit Models for Resource Assessment, USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070-P |date=2018 |publisher=US Dept. of the Interior, USGS |location=Reston |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/p/sir20105070p.pdf |page=9}}</ref> == Fauna == Noocyada asaliga ah waxaa ka mid ah ''[[clarias]] agboyiensis'', oo ah nooc nabdoon oo [[catfish|kalluunka bisadda]] neefsada hawada.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2098 |title=Description of ''Clarias Agboyiensis''. Retrieved May 22, 2006. |access-date=May 22, 2006 }}</ref> [[Barekese Dam|Biyo-xireenka Barekese]] wuxuu ku yaal socodkiisa. == Gacan-biyoodyada == * [[Webiga Gyimi]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Commons}} ohg8yg5zymr0x7dlmxuz5uqtpli72gv Webiga Anum 0 48629 301034 2026-07-07T15:21:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Anum | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Gulf of Guinea|Gacanka Guinea]] | mouth_location = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Anum''' waa webi ku yaal Ghana. Qayb ka mid ah aagga u dhexeeya webiyada Anum iyo [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra]] ayaa samaysa Kaydka Kaynta ee Pra Anum.<ref name="Amanor1999">{{cite book |last=Amanor |first=Kojo |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-236 |title=Global Restructuring and Land Rights in Ghana: Forest Food Chains, Timber, and Rural Livelihoods |publisher=Nordic Africa Institute |year=1999 |isbn=978-91-7106-437-0 |page=123}}</ref> Sannadkii 1977 ayaa la soo wariyay in rukhsado cusub lagu helay Webiga Anum, iyo [[Lower Offin River|Lower Offin]], Pra, [[Tano River|Tano]], iyo [[Ankobra River]] ujeedooyin [[dredging|qodista biyaha ah]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Ghana: An Official Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbdBAAAAYAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Ghana Information Services|page=195}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{coord|type:event|format=dms|display=title}} s2bb403acpk6028tlie19oqirbfjfv7 301035 301034 2026-07-07T15:21:30Z Isma4l 41797 301035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Anum | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Gulf of Guinea|Gacanka Guinea]] | mouth_location = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Anum''' waa webi ku yaal Ghana. Qayb ka mid ah aagga u dhexeeya webiyada Anum iyo [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra]] ayaa samaysa Kaydka Kaynta ee Pra Anum.<ref name="Amanor1999">{{cite book |last=Amanor |first=Kojo |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-236 |title=Global Restructuring and Land Rights in Ghana: Forest Food Chains, Timber, and Rural Livelihoods |publisher=Nordic Africa Institute |year=1999 |isbn=978-91-7106-437-0 |page=123}}</ref> Sannadkii 1977 ayaa la soo wariyay in rukhsado cusub lagu helay Webiga Anum, iyo [[Lower Offin River|Lower Offin]], Pra, [[Tano River|Tano]], iyo [[Ankobra River]] ujeedooyin [[dredging|qodista biyaha ah]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Ghana: An Official Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbdBAAAAYAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Ghana Information Services|page=195}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} 5c89lhnls6lxnb3lznhofnisjwhy3bx Webiga Ayensu 0 48630 301036 2026-07-07T15:23:22Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ayensu | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Ghana coastal rivers.jpg | map_size = 300 | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_location = [[Winneba]], Ghana | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|21|06|N|0|36|25|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Ayensu''' waa webi ku yaal [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = DCE launches River Basin Afforestation to sustain water|url = http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/economy/artikel.php?ID=42788|website = www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate = 2015-05-28}}</ref> Wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Ouiba Lagoon]], waxaana ku hareereysan Dhul-qoyanada Winneba.<ref name="HughesHughes1992">{{cite book|last1=Hughes|first1=R. H.|last2=Hughes|first2=J. S.|last3=Bernacsek|first3=G. M.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA365|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5|page=365}}</ref> Ilaa sanadkii 1939 waxaa jiray qorshayaal lagu dhisayo buundo ku taal webiga meel u dhow [[Jahadzi]].<ref name="Survey1939">{{cite book|author=Ghana Geological Survey|title=Report of the Director|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZURAAAAIAAJ|year=1939|page=41}}</ref> Dhanka juqraafiyadda, Ayensuadzi-Brusheng Quartz Schists ayaa laga helaa aagga webiga.<ref name="Survey1958">{{cite book|author=Ghana Geological Survey|title=Bulletin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NJQRAAAAIAAJ|year=1958|page=8}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Commons}} cxkd7kk3d5345ul675pz247m22mvutj Webiga Densu 0 48631 301037 2026-07-07T15:25:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Densu | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | map = Ghana coastal rivers.jpg | map_size = 248px | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|116|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|31|0|N|0|19|0|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|2490|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} {{Designation list | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Densu Delta Ramsar Site | designation1_date = 14 August 1992 | designation1_number = 564<ref>{{Cite web|title=Densu Delta Ramsar Site|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/564|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} [[File:Densu River 5.jpg|thumb|Estuary]] [[File:Densu meander.JPG|thumb|Meander]] '''Webiga Densu''' waa webi 116km oo dherer ah oo ku yaal [[Ghana]] kaasoo ka soo bilowda [[Atewa Range|Atewa Range]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/|title=Protecting Atewa Forest|date=2015-07-13|website=Ghana {{!}} A Rocha|language=en|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> Wuxuu maraa aag beeraha laga isticmaalo oo dhaqaale ahaan muhiim ah, wuxuuna siiyaa kala badh biyaha la cabo ee caasimadda Ghana ee [[Accra]]. Webigu wuxuu ku dhammaadaa [[wetland|dhul-qoyan]] delta ah oo ''muhiimad deegaan'' leh<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/habitats/wetlands|title=Wetlands {{!}} Habitats {{!}} WWF|website=World Wildlife Fund|language=en|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> oo ku yaal xeebta [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Webiyada iyo Harooyinka]</ref> [[Densuano (Koforidua)|Densuano]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africalocal.net/GH/Eastern-Region/Cities/Koforidua/Streets/Densuano-Street/|title=Densuano Street in Koforidua - Eastern Region - AfricaLocal.net|website=www.africalocal.net|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> [[Dam|Biyo-xireenka]] iyo [[Weija Dam|Biyo-xireenka Weija]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/10/residents-stranded-as-weija-dam-spillage-floods-homes/|title=Residents stranded as Weija Dam spillage floods homes {{!}} Starr Fm|last=Welsing|first=Kobina|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> ayaa ku yaal Webiga Densu. == Juqraafi == ''Webiga Densu'' wuxuu ku yaal '''koonfurta Ghana''' waana qayb ka mid ah nidaamka [[Coast|Xeebta]] [[River Basin|Bulaacada Webiga]]. Aagga uu ka soo ururiyo biyaha waa qiyaastii '''2,490–2,600 km²,''' wuxuuna ku fidsan yahay qaybo ka mid ah [[Eastern Region (Ghana)|Gobolka Bari]] (72%), [[Central Region (Ghana)|Gobolka Dhexe]] (5%), iyo [[Greater Accra Region|Gobolka Greater Accra]] (23%).<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Ofosu |first1=Samuel Anim |last2=Adjei |first2=Kwaku A. |last3=Odai |first3=Samuel Nii |date=2021-11-06 |title=Assessment of the quality of the Densu river using multicriterial analysis and water quality index |journal=Applied Water Science |language=en |volume=11 |issue=12 |page=183 |doi=10.1007/s13201-021-01516-z |bibcode=2021ApWS...11..183O |issn=2190-5495|doi-access=free }}</ref>Webigu wuxuu ka soo bilowdaa ''Atewa-Atwiredu Range'', oo ah dhul sare oo kayn ah oo u adeega sidii il weyn oo [[hydrological]] ah oo u ah dhowr webi oo [[Ghanaians|Ghanaian]] ah.<ref name=":0" />Webigu wuxuu ugu dambeyntii ku shubmaa [[Gulf of Guinea|Gacanka Guinea]] iyada oo loo marayo nidaam dhul-qoyan oo loo yaqaan ''Densu Delta'', kaas oo ay saameeyaan dhaqdhaqaaqyada hirarka iyo harada.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Oduro |first1=Charles Yaw |last2=Anokye |first2=Prince Aboagye |last3=Nanor |first3=Michael Ayertey |date=2024-07-25 |title=Morphological Patterns and Drivers of Urban Growth on Africa's Wetland Landscapes: Insights from the Densu Delta Ramsar Site, Ghana |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=16 |issue=15 |page=6372 |doi=10.3390/su16156372 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2024Sust...16.6372O |issn=2071-1050}}</ref> == Muhiimadda Deegaanka == Qaybta hoose ee webiga ayaa samaysa Goobta Ramsar ee Densu Delta, oo ah dhul-qoyan caalami ah oo la magacaabay 1992.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Densu Delta Ramsar Site {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/564 |access-date=2026-06-14 |website=rsis.ramsar.org |language=en}}</ref> Goobtu waxay daboolaysaa qiyaastii 5,893 hektar waxaana ku jira [[Lagoon|harooyin]], [[Mangrove|geedaha mangrove-ka]], saaraha cusbada, iyo nidaamyo deegaan oo dhiiqo ah.<ref name=":3" /> Waxa kale oo ay aqoonsadeen [[Important Bird Area|Goob Shimbireed Muhiim ah]] (IBA) ururka [[BirdLife International]] sababtoo ah waxay taageertaa dad muhiim ah oo aan tarmin iyo [[waterbird|shimbiraha biyaha]] ee jiilaalka, gaar ahaan [[tern|terns]], oo ay ku jiraan [[western reef egret|egret-ka xeebta galbeed]], [[spotted redshank|redshank-ka dhibcaha leh]], iyo [[little tern|little]], [[black tern|black]], [[roseate tern|roseate]], [[common tern|common]], [[Sandwich tern|Sandwich]] iyo [[royal tern|royal terns]].<ref name="bli">{{cite web |url= https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/densu-delta-ramsar-site-and-vicinity-iba-ghana|title= Densu Delta Ramsar Site and vicinity|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 2024-11-16}}</ref>Dhul-qoyanku wuxuu ka ciyaaraa door deegaan oo muhiim ah sida gaashaanka fatahaadda dabiiciga ah, dabinka fadhiidka, iyo xasilinta xeebaha, isagoo ka ilaalinaya bulshooyinka ku hareeraysan nabaad-guurka iyo hirarka duufaanta.<ref name=":3" /> == Hydrology iyo Gacan-biyoodyada == Nidaamka Webiga Densu waxaa quudiya dhowr [[Tributary|gacan-biyood]], oo ay ku jiraan durdurro ay ka mid yihiin ''Nsaki''''',''' ''Dobro''''',''' ''Kuia'', ''Adaiso'', iyo ''Pompon rivers'', kuwaas oo gacan ka geysta isbeddelka qulqulka xilliyeed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Densu Basin – Water Resources Commission |url=https://wrc.gov.gh/ova_por/densu/ |access-date=2026-06-14 |website=wrc.gov.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> Hydrologically, bulaacadu waxay la kulantaa qaab roobaad bi-modal ah, taasoo keenta isbeddel xilliyeedka qulqulka. Qaybta waqooyi ee bulaacada waa mid qoyan oo kayn ah, halka qaybta koonfureed ay tahay mid qalalan oo magaalo ah.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Akurugu |first1=Bismark Awinbire |last2=Obuobie |first2=Emmanuel |last3=Yidana |first3=Sandow Mark |last4=Stisen |first4=Simon |last5=Seidenfaden |first5=Ida Karlsson |last6=Chegbeleh |first6=Larry Pax |date=April 2022 |title=Groundwater resources assessment in the Densu Basin: A review |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581822000301 |journal=Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |language=en |volume=40 |article-number=101017 |doi=10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101017 |bibcode=2022JHyRS..4001017A |issn=2214-5818}}</ref> Webiga sidoo kale waxaa nidaamiya kaabayaasha waaweyn ee [[Hydraulics|haydarooliga]], oo ay ku jiraan [[Weija Dam|Biyo-xireenka Weija]], kaas oo kaalin muhiim ah ka qaata kaydinta biyaha iyo sahayda caasimadda Accra.<ref name=":1" /> == Muhiimadda Dhaqaale iyo Bulsho == Webiga Densu waa mid ka mid ah [[Water resources|ilaha biyaha macaan]] ee ugu muhiimsan caasimadda Ghana, [[Accra]], isagoo siiya qayb weyn oo ka mid ah biyaha la cabbo ee la daweeyay iyada oo loo marayo Warshadda Daweynta Biyaha ee '''Weija Water'''.<ref name=":2" /> [[Weija Dam|Biyo-xireenka Weija]] ee webiga wuxuu u adeegaa sidii isha ugu weyn ee biyaha ee Gobolka Greater Accra. Biyo-xireenku wuxuu siiyaa 80 boqolkiiba biyaha la cabbo ee ay isticmaalaan Gobolka oo dhan. Bulaacadu waxay taageertaa hawlaha waaweyn ee beeraha, oo ay ku jiraan ''[[irrigation|waraabka]] beeraha'' iyo [[Intensive farming|soo-saarka xoolaha]], gaar ahaan miyiga iyo [[Peri-urbanisation|aagagga hareeraha magaalada]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Oti |first1=Jonathan Opoku |last2=Kabo-Bah |first2=Amos T. |last3=Ofosu |first3=Eric |date=August 2020 |title=Hydrologic response to climate change in the Densu River Basin in Ghana |journal=Heliyon |volume=6 |issue=8 |article-number=e04722 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04722 |doi-access=free |issn=2405-8440 |pmc=7452417 |pmid=32904314 |bibcode=2020Heliy...604722O }}</ref> Intaa waxaa dheer, bulshooyinka ku nool bulaacada hoose waxay ku tiirsan yihiin webiga iyo dhul-qoyanadiisa kalluumeysiga, soo-saarka cusbada, iyo ganacsiga yar-yar, gaar ahaan gudaha aagga delta.<ref name=":3" /> == Khataraha == Cufnaanta dadka ee Bulaacada Densu waa qiyaastii 240 qof halkii kiiloomitir laba jibaaran.<ref name="wrc">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrc-gh.org/riverbasinactivities.html|title=River Basin Activities|publisher=Water Resources Commission of Ghana|access-date=2008-09-28}}</ref> Qayb ka mid ah Webiga Densu ayaa noqday goob qashin lagu qubo oo ay isticmaalaan qaar ka mid ah dadka deegaanka, taasoo keenaysa wasakhowga biyaha. Hawlaha kale waxaa ka mid ah beeraha, qodista ciidda iyo macdanta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/165424/River-Densu-chokes-on-dumped-refuse|title=River Densu chokes on dumped refuse|website=BusinessGhana|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/environment-ministry-to-include-traditional-rulers-on-densu-committee.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=Environment Ministry to include traditional rulers on Densu committee|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghana-net.com/densu-delta-ramsar-site.html|title=Densu Delta Ramsar Site|website=Ghana-Net.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref> == Dhaqanka caanka ah == * Fanaanka reer Ghana Kojo Antwi wuxuu u bixiyay magaca webiga albamkiisa labaad ee istuudiyaha, oo la sii daayay 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/densu/301615532|title=Densu by Kojo Antwi on Apple Music|website=iTunes|access-date=2016-07-17}}</ref> * [[Osibisa]], oo ah koox [[Afrobeat|Afrobeat]], waxay curiyeen hees cinwaankeedu yahay Densu, iyagoo sharraxaya noocyada kala duwan ee kalluunka iyo heesta ay kalluumeysatadu ku heesaan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAaGl-ZX3fw |title=Densu by Osibisa|website=YouTube|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} lgz6vkivjm8fz40f07edm3yv6o0cdq3 Webiga Volta 0 48632 301038 2026-07-07T15:27:38Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Volta<br>''Fleuve Volta'' | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = VoltaRiverWithAdombeBridge183-1-.jpg | image_size = 300 | image_caption = [[Adomi Bridge|Buundada Adomi]] ayaa ka gudubta webiga Volta koonfurta [[Akosombo Dam|Biyo-xireenka Akosombo]]. | map = Volta River basin map.svg | map_size = 300 | map_caption = Khariidadda bulaacada webiga Volta iyo saddexdiisa gacan-biyood ee waaweyn, webiyada White Volta, Red Volta, iyo Black Volta | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300 | pushpin_map_caption = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 6 <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Ghana]]|[[Burkina Faso]]|[[Ivory Coast]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|1500|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[River mouth|Afka]]<ref name="brit">[http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9075703 Webiga Volta], Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Library Edition. Retrieved on October 6, 2007.</ref> | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|1210|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="brit">[http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9075703 Webiga Volta], Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Library Edition. Retrieved on October 6, 2007.</ref> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Gulf of Guinea|Gacanka Guinea]] | mouth_location = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|46|N|0|41|E|display=inline,title}}<ref>{{GEOnet2|32FA87A2E09D3774E0440003BA962ED3|Volta}}</ref> | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|407093|km2|abbr=on}}<ref name="eatlas">[http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af26.html Volta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051026063230/http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af26.html |date=2005-10-26 }}, Watersheds of the World. Water Resources eAtlas. Retrieved on October 6, 2007.</ref> | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Volta''' ({{langx|ak|Asuo Firaw}}, {{langx|ee|Amuga}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Volta}}) waa nidaamka [[Drainage system (geomorphology)|webiga]] ugu weyn ee dalka [[West Africa|Galbeedka Afrika]] ee [[Ghana]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfurta isagoo u soo gala Ghana dhanka sare ee [[Bobo-Dioulasso Department|Bobo-Dioulasso]] ee [[Burkina Faso]]. Saddexda qaybood ee ugu waaweyn webiga waa [[Black Volta]], [[White Volta]], iyo [[Red Volta]]. Dhanka waqooyi-galbeed, Black Volta waxay samaysaa xuduudaha caalamiga ah ee [[Ivory Coast]], Ghana, iyo Burkina Faso. Volta wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfurta isagoo mara buuraleyda Akwapim-Togoland, wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] oo ku taal [[Gulf of Guinea|Gacanka Guinea]] ee [[Ada Foah]]. Mid ka mid ah gacan-biyoodyadiisa yaryar, webiga [[Oti River|Oti]], ayaa ka soo gala Ghana dhanka [[Togo]] ee bari. Webiga Volta waxaa lagu xiray [[Akosombo]] si loo soo saaro [[hydroelectricity|tamarta korontada biyaha]]. [[Lake Volta|Kaydka]] loo yaqaan Lake Volta wuxuu ka soo fidaa [[Akosombo Dam|Biyo-xireenka Akosombo]] ee koonfurta ilaa qaybta waqooyi ee dalka, waana kaydka ugu weyn ee bini'aadamku sameeyo marka loo eego aagga adduunka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lake Volta, Ghana|url=https://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=58197|website=Visible Earth| date=7 April 2002 |publisher=NASA|access-date=7 March 2018}}</ref> Dalka [[Burkina Faso]] waxaa hore loogu yeeri jiray [[Republic of Upper Volta|Upper Volta]], kaas oo loogu magac daray webiga. [[File:Ada, Volta River.jpg|thumb|Ada, Webiga Volta]] == Kaydka biyaha == Lake Volta waa kayd biyo ah oo uu xiray [[Akosombo Dam|Biyo-xireenka Akosombo]] ee webiga Volta ee hoose ee koonfurta Ghana. Waa mid ka mid ah kaydadka ugu waaweyn adduunka. Waxay ka soo fidaysaa Biyo-xireenka Akosombo ee koonfur-bari Ghana ilaa magaalada [[Yapei]] ee [[Central Gonja District|Degmada Central Gonja]], [[Northern Region of Ghana|Gobolka Waqooyi ee Ghana]], qiyaastii {{convert|400|km|mi}} dhanka waqooyi.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lake Volta {{!}} Afrika, Khariidad, Taariikh, & Xaqiiqooyin {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Volta |access-date=2026-06-23 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> [[Power plant|Warshadda korontada]] ee biyo-xireenka ayaa koronto u dhalisa [[Volta River Authority]], kaydkuna wuxuu kaloo bixiyaa waddooyin gaadiidka biyaha ah. Waa il khayraad oo loogu talagalay [[irrigation|waraabka]], iyo [[fish farming|beerashada kalluunka]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-23 |title=Akosombo Dam: Xaqiiqooyinka Injineernimada Iyo Taariikhda |url=https://www.ice.org.uk/what-is-civil-engineering/infrastructure-projects/akosombo-dam |access-date=2026-05-23 |website=Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-01 |title=Ghana's Akosombo Dam, Volta Lake Fisheries & Climate Change {{!}} American Academy of Arts and Sciences |url=https://www.amacad.org/publication/daedalus/ghanas-akosombo-dam-volta-lake-fisheries-climate-change |access-date=2026-05-23 |website=www.amacad.org |language=en}}</ref> Qoto dheerka webiga waa qiyaastii {{convert|45|ft|m}} ka hooseeya Lake Volta. Webiga Volta waxaa ka gudba [[Adome Bridge|Buundada Adome]] oo ka hooseysa Biyo-xireenka Akosombo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Webiga Volta |url=https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/wp/v/Volta_River.htm |access-date=2026-06-23 |website=samplecontents.library.ph}}</ref> == Taariikh == [[Akwamu people|Dadka Akwamu]] ee mar dhistay [[Akwamu|boqortooyo]] labada bari, iyo galbeed ee webiga oo ku fidsan maanta [[Ghana]], [[Togo]], iyo [[Benin]] waxay ugu yeeraan '''Firaw'''. Waxay leeyihiin [[Akan religion#Abosom|ilaah]] u gooni ah webiga oo la yiraahdo Mfodwo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wissing |first1=Kirsty |title=Assistance and resistance of (hydro-)power: Contested relationships of control over the Volta River, Ghana |journal=Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space |date=November 2019 |volume=37 |issue=7 |pages=1167, 1169 |doi=10.1177/0263774x18807482}}</ref> Webiga Volta waxaa magacaabay ganacsatada [[Gold|dahabka]] ee reer Bortuqaal ee Ghana. Waxay ahayd meeshii ugu fogayd ee ay sahamiyaan ka hor intaysan soo noqon (''volta'' waa [[Portuguese language|Bortuqaal]] oo macnaheedu yahay "qallooc" ama "leexasho").<ref name="Volta - etymology"/> Waxaa loo yaqaannay ''"Webiga soo laabashada"'' (laga yaabee, sababtoo ah waxay ahayd meeshii maraakiibtu ku soo noqdeen oo u jihaysteen guriga) ama "webiga qallooca", iyadoo tixraacaysa koorsadiisa qaloocan.<ref name="Volta - etymology">{{Cite web |title=volta {{!}} Search Online Etymology Dictionary |url=https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=Volta |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=www.etymonline.com}}</ref><ref name="Bakewell">{{cite book|first=Ivor|last=Wilks|chapter=Wangara, Akan, and Portuguese in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries|editor1-last=Bakewell|editor1-first=Peter|title=Mines of Silver and Gold in the Americas|date=1997|publisher=Variorum, Ashgate Publishing Limited|location=Aldershot|page=15}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * {{commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} ms4m30ecqutsaz7i65vwl56qg8va5gg Webiga Todzie 0 48633 301039 2026-07-07T15:30:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Todzie | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalooyinka | subdivision_name5 = {{hlist|[[Dabala]]|[[Agbogbla]]|[[Bludo]]|[[Avuto]]}} <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 267 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|11|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = koonfur-galbeed [[Togo]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | source2 = | source2_location = | source2_coordinates= | source2_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = Gobolka Volta, [[Volta Region]], [[Ghana]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = {{convert|5|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]] | basin_size_km2 = 2200 | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Todzie''' waa durdur ku yaal [[Ghana]] wuxuuna qayb ka mid ah xadka u sameeyaa koonfur-galbeed [[Togo]].<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258556699_Hydrobiology_of_the_Songor_and_Keta_lagoons_implications_for_wetland_management_in_Ghana Hydrobiology of the Songor and Keta lagoons: implications for wetland management in Ghana]</ref> Joogga dhulka ee la qiyaasay ee ka sarreeya heerka badda waa 5 mitir. Noocyada higgaadda ee Todzie ama luuqadaha kale: Todjé, Todje, Toje, Todji, Toji, Todjie, Todschië ama Todie. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} du97qcrv4uhhk99tg0raaixic91t1ot Webiga Oti 0 48634 301040 2026-07-07T15:33:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Oti<br>''Rivière Oti'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Pendjari fluss.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Oti ee ku yaal [[Pendjari National Park]] xilliga abaaraha; [[Benin]] bidix, [[Burkina Faso]] midig | map = Map of rivers of Togo OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = Togo oo leh Webiga Oti (waqooyi) iyo Webiga Mono (koonfur) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Ghana]]|[[Burkina Faso]]|[[Togo]]|[[Benin]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|520|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|150|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] ee [[Ghana]] | mouth_location = [[Gulf of Guinea|Gacanka Guinea]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|46|48|N|2|34|29|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|72000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = Magacaabid | custom_data = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Zone Humide de la Rivière Pendjari | designation1_date = 2 February 2007 | designation1_number = 1669<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zone Humide de la Rivière Pendjari|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1669|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} | extra = }} '''Webiga Oti''' ama '''Webiga Pendjari''' ([[French language|Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Pendjari'') waa [[webi]] [[international|caalami]] ah oo ku yaal Galbeedka [[Africa|Afrika]]. Wuxuu ka soo bilowdaa [[Benin]], wuxuu sameeyaa xadka u dhexeeya [[Benin]] iyo [[Burkina Faso]], wuxuu maraa [[Togo]], wuxuuna ku biiraa [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]] ee [[Ghana]]. == Juqraafi == Webiga Oti wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii {{convert|520|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}. [[Headwaters|Isha biyaha]] ee webiga waxay ku yaallaan Benin iyo Burkina Faso, wuxuuna maraa Benin iyo Togo wuxuuna ku biiraa [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]] ee Ghana. [[Tributary|Gacan-biyoodyada]] ku yaal bangiga bidix ee Togo waxay ka soo jeedaan [[Togo Mountains|Buuraleyda Togo]] ee dhanka koonfureed. Mid ka mid ah gacan-biyoodyadiisa bari waa [[Kara River (Togo)|Webiga Kara]], halka ay isugu biiraan oo ku yaal [[Ghana–Togo border|xadka Ghana-Togo]], halkaas oo gacan-biyood kale, [[Koumongou River|Webiga Koumongou]], uu kaga soo biiro dhanka koonfureed. [[River mouth|Afka]] webiga Oti wuxuu hore u ahaan jiray Webiga Volta, laakiin hadda wuxuu ku qulqulaa [[Lake Volta|Kaydka Harada Volta]] ee Ghana.<ref name=Atlas>{{cite book |title=Atlas of the World |last=Philip's |year=1994 |publisher=Reed International |isbn=0-540-05831-9 |page=101 }}</ref> Webigu wuxuu ka gudbaa qaybta waqooyi ee Togo isagoo maraya doox [[Savanna|savanna]] ah oo ballaarkeedu yahay qiyaastii {{convert|40|or|50|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}. Hareeraha webiga waxaa ku yaal kayn gallery ah oo fataha xilliyo. Xilliga abaaraha halkan wuxuu socdaa qiyaastii [[November]] ilaa [[April]], iyadoo dabayl kulul oo qallalan oo [[Harmattan]] ay ka dhacayso waqooyiga. Waqtigan sanadka, qulqulka webiga waa mid aad u yar. Oti iyo Koumongou labaduba waxay leeyihiin dhul-fatahaad ah, oo ballaarkoodu yahay {{convert|10|and|4|km|mi|1|abbr=on}}. Kuwan si baahsan ayay u fatahaan xilliga [[wet season|xagaaga]], laakiin inta lagu jiro [[dry season|xilliga abaaraha]] waxay noqdaan bannaanno qallalan, boodh badan, oo leh barkad ama haro ku taal meel hoose. Xoolaha ayaa ku daaqda dhul-fatahaadaha inta lagu jiro xilliga abaaraha. Sidoo kale waxaa jira xoogaa beerasho ah oo yaryar, iyo ugaarsiga xayawaanka duurjoogta ah oo halkaas ka dhaca.<ref name=Hughes>{{cite book|author=Hughes, R.H.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA443 |year=1992 |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-88032-949-5 |pages=443–447}}</ref> === Xuduudaha Caalamiga ah === Webigu wuxuu sameeyaa qayb ka mid ah [[international border|xuduudaha caalamiga ah]] ee u dhexeeya [[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Togo]], iyo [[Benin]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm|title=Ghana - Webiyada iyo Harooyinka|website=www.countrystudies.us|access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref> === Beero === Webiga Oti wuxuu maraa [[Pendjari National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Pendjari]] ee Benin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pendjari.net/en/ |title=Parc National de la Pendjari |access-date=21 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714032607/http://www.pendjari.net/en/ |archive-date=14 July 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> iyo [[Kéran National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Oti-Kéran]] ee Togo.<ref name=Hughes/> == Dhererka iyo Tilmaamaha Bulaacada == Webiga Oti wuxuu leeyahay dherer qiyaastii ah 520 km<ref>{{Cite web |last=Environment |first=Gregory Sousa in |date=2017-04-25 |title=Webiyada Waaweyn ee Ghana |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-major-rivers-of-ghana.html |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref>. Bulaacadu waxay la kulantaa isbeddel xilliyeed xooggan, iyadoo inta badan gacan-biyoodyadu ay muujinayaan qulqul yaraan ama marinno qallalan inta lagu jiro xilliga abaaraha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Koch |first1=Hagen |last2=Yangouliba |first2=Gnibga Issoufou |last3=Liersch |first3=Stefan |date=2025-03-13 |title=From Data Scarcity to Solutions: Hydrological and Water Management Modeling in a Highly Managed River Basin |journal=Water |language=en |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=823 |doi=10.3390/w17060823 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2025Water..17..823K |issn=2073-4441}}</ref> == Hydrology iyo Qulqulka Xilliyeed == Webigu waa mid aad u xilliyeed, iyadoo qulqulka ugu sarreeya uu dhaco inta lagu jiro xilliga roobka iyo qulqul aad u hooseeya inta lagu jiro xilliga Harmattan ee abaaraha. <ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Burkina Faso {{!}} Coup, Map, Capital, Flag, Government, & History {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Burkina-Faso?utm |access-date=2026-06-17 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Isbeddelkan xilliyeed wuxuu keenaa fatahaad xilliyo ah oo ku timaadda dhul-fatahaadaha ku hareeraysan, gaar ahaan Togo iyo waqooyiga Ghana.<ref name=":1" /> == Deegaanka iyo Bay'ada == Bulaacada Webiga Oti waxaa ku jira [[Savanna|savanna]] [[Ecosystem|nidaamyo deegaan]], [[Floodplain|dhul-fatahaado]], iyo [[Gallery forest|kaymo gallery ah]] kuwaas oo taageera beeraha xilliyeedka iyo xoolo-dhaqatada. <ref name=":1" /> Dhul-fatahaadaha ku teedsan webiga waxaa loo isticmaalaa [[grazing|daaqsinta]] iyo [[Agriculture|beerashada]] inta lagu jiro xilliyada abaaraha marka heerka biyuhu hoos u dhacaan.<ref name=":1" /> == Muhiimadda Dhaqaale iyo Bini'aadam == Webigu waa [[Water resources|il biyo]] muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay [[agriculture|beeraha]], [[livestock|xoolaha]], iyo bulshooyinka kalluumeysiga ee maxalliga ah ee ku kala baahsan [[Burkina Faso]], Togo, iyo Ghana.<ref name=":0" /> Waxa kale oo ay gacan ka geysataa awoodda waraabka iyo nolosha reer miyiga ee Bulaacada Volta, taas oo ah mid ka mid ah nidaamyada haydarooliga ee ugu muhiimsan Galbeedka Afrika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bulaacada Volta |url=https://www.fao.org/4/W4347E/w4347e0u.htm?utm |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=www.fao.org}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Commons}} thiyicjho5bvso3bocszebrv7c6fe83 301041 301040 2026-07-07T15:34:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* Biyaha iyo Qulqulka Xilliyeed */ 301041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Oti<br>''Rivière Oti'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Pendjari fluss.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Oti ee ku yaal [[Pendjari National Park]] xilliga abaaraha; [[Benin]] bidix, [[Burkina Faso]] midig | map = Map of rivers of Togo OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = Togo oo leh Webiga Oti (waqooyi) iyo Webiga Mono (koonfur) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Ghana]]|[[Burkina Faso]]|[[Togo]]|[[Benin]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|520|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|150|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] ee [[Ghana]] | mouth_location = [[Gulf of Guinea|Gacanka Guinea]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|46|48|N|2|34|29|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|72000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = Magacaabid | custom_data = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Zone Humide de la Rivière Pendjari | designation1_date = 2 February 2007 | designation1_number = 1669<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zone Humide de la Rivière Pendjari|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1669|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} | extra = }} '''Webiga Oti''' ama '''Webiga Pendjari''' ([[French language|Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Pendjari'') waa [[webi]] [[international|caalami]] ah oo ku yaal Galbeedka [[Africa|Afrika]]. Wuxuu ka soo bilowdaa [[Benin]], wuxuu sameeyaa xadka u dhexeeya [[Benin]] iyo [[Burkina Faso]], wuxuu maraa [[Togo]], wuxuuna ku biiraa [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]] ee [[Ghana]]. == Juqraafi == Webiga Oti wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii {{convert|520|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}. [[Headwaters|Isha biyaha]] ee webiga waxay ku yaallaan Benin iyo Burkina Faso, wuxuuna maraa Benin iyo Togo wuxuuna ku biiraa [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]] ee Ghana. [[Tributary|Gacan-biyoodyada]] ku yaal bangiga bidix ee Togo waxay ka soo jeedaan [[Togo Mountains|Buuraleyda Togo]] ee dhanka koonfureed. Mid ka mid ah gacan-biyoodyadiisa bari waa [[Kara River (Togo)|Webiga Kara]], halka ay isugu biiraan oo ku yaal [[Ghana–Togo border|xadka Ghana-Togo]], halkaas oo gacan-biyood kale, [[Koumongou River|Webiga Koumongou]], uu kaga soo biiro dhanka koonfureed. [[River mouth|Afka]] webiga Oti wuxuu hore u ahaan jiray Webiga Volta, laakiin hadda wuxuu ku qulqulaa [[Lake Volta|Kaydka Harada Volta]] ee Ghana.<ref name=Atlas>{{cite book |title=Atlas of the World |last=Philip's |year=1994 |publisher=Reed International |isbn=0-540-05831-9 |page=101 }}</ref> Webigu wuxuu ka gudbaa qaybta waqooyi ee Togo isagoo maraya doox [[Savanna|savanna]] ah oo ballaarkeedu yahay qiyaastii {{convert|40|or|50|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}. Hareeraha webiga waxaa ku yaal kayn gallery ah oo fataha xilliyo. Xilliga abaaraha halkan wuxuu socdaa qiyaastii [[November]] ilaa [[April]], iyadoo dabayl kulul oo qallalan oo [[Harmattan]] ay ka dhacayso waqooyiga. Waqtigan sanadka, qulqulka webiga waa mid aad u yar. Oti iyo Koumongou labaduba waxay leeyihiin dhul-fatahaad ah, oo ballaarkoodu yahay {{convert|10|and|4|km|mi|1|abbr=on}}. Kuwan si baahsan ayay u fatahaan xilliga [[wet season|xagaaga]], laakiin inta lagu jiro [[dry season|xilliga abaaraha]] waxay noqdaan bannaanno qallalan, boodh badan, oo leh barkad ama haro ku taal meel hoose. Xoolaha ayaa ku daaqda dhul-fatahaadaha inta lagu jiro xilliga abaaraha. Sidoo kale waxaa jira xoogaa beerasho ah oo yaryar, iyo ugaarsiga xayawaanka duurjoogta ah oo halkaas ka dhaca.<ref name=Hughes>{{cite book|author=Hughes, R.H.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA443 |year=1992 |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-88032-949-5 |pages=443–447}}</ref> === Xuduudaha Caalamiga ah === Webigu wuxuu sameeyaa qayb ka mid ah [[international border|xuduudaha caalamiga ah]] ee u dhexeeya [[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Togo]], iyo [[Benin]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm|title=Ghana - Webiyada iyo Harooyinka|website=www.countrystudies.us|access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref> === Beero === Webiga Oti wuxuu maraa [[Pendjari National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Pendjari]] ee Benin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pendjari.net/en/ |title=Parc National de la Pendjari |access-date=21 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714032607/http://www.pendjari.net/en/ |archive-date=14 July 2017 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> iyo [[Kéran National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Oti-Kéran]] ee Togo.<ref name=Hughes/> == Dhererka iyo Tilmaamaha Bulaacada == Webiga Oti wuxuu leeyahay dherer qiyaastii ah 520 km<ref>{{Cite web |last=Environment |first=Gregory Sousa in |date=2017-04-25 |title=Webiyada Waaweyn ee Ghana |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-major-rivers-of-ghana.html |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref>. Bulaacadu waxay la kulantaa isbeddel xilliyeed xooggan, iyadoo inta badan gacan-biyoodyadu ay muujinayaan qulqul yaraan ama marinno qallalan inta lagu jiro xilliga abaaraha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Koch |first1=Hagen |last2=Yangouliba |first2=Gnibga Issoufou |last3=Liersch |first3=Stefan |date=2025-03-13 |title=From Data Scarcity to Solutions: Hydrological and Water Management Modeling in a Highly Managed River Basin |journal=Water |language=en |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=823 |doi=10.3390/w17060823 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2025Water..17..823K |issn=2073-4441}}</ref> == Biyaha iyo Qulqulka Xilliyeed == Webigu waa mid aad u xilliyeed, iyadoo qulqulka ugu sarreeya uu dhaco inta lagu jiro xilliga roobka iyo qulqul aad u hooseeya inta lagu jiro xilliga Harmattan ee abaaraha. <ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Burkina Faso {{!}} Coup, Map, Capital, Flag, Government, & History {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Burkina-Faso?utm |access-date=2026-06-17 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Isbeddelkan xilliyeed wuxuu keenaa fatahaad xilliyo ah oo ku timaadda dhul-fatahaadaha ku hareeraysan, gaar ahaan Togo iyo waqooyiga Ghana.<ref name=":1" /> == Deegaanka iyo Bay'ada == Bulaacada Webiga Oti waxaa ku jira [[Savanna|savanna]] [[Ecosystem|nidaamyo deegaan]], [[Floodplain|dhul-fatahaado]], iyo [[Gallery forest|kaymo gallery ah]] kuwaas oo taageera beeraha xilliyeedka iyo xoolo-dhaqatada. <ref name=":1" /> Dhul-fatahaadaha ku teedsan webiga waxaa loo isticmaalaa [[grazing|daaqsinta]] iyo [[Agriculture|beerashada]] inta lagu jiro xilliyada abaaraha marka heerka biyuhu hoos u dhacaan.<ref name=":1" /> == Muhiimadda Dhaqaale iyo Bini'aadam == Webigu waa [[Water resources|il biyo]] muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay [[agriculture|beeraha]], [[livestock|xoolaha]], iyo bulshooyinka kalluumeysiga ee maxalliga ah ee ku kala baahsan [[Burkina Faso]], Togo, iyo Ghana.<ref name=":0" /> Waxa kale oo ay gacan ka geysataa awoodda waraabka iyo nolosha reer miyiga ee Bulaacada Volta, taas oo ah mid ka mid ah nidaamyada haydarooliga ee ugu muhiimsan Galbeedka Afrika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bulaacada Volta |url=https://www.fao.org/4/W4347E/w4347e0u.htm?utm |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=www.fao.org}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Commons}} 24g3xdur9o5cvk7hii3obwgemnpgvdg Webiga Mo 0 48635 301042 2026-07-07T15:45:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Mo<br>''Rivière Mo'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] iyo [[Togo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] ee [[Ghana]] | mouth_location = [[Gulf of Guinea|Gacanka Guinea]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|8|45|00|N|00|11|00|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Mo''' ([[French language|Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Mo'') waa [[webi]] ku yaal [[Ghana]] iyo [[Togo]], wuxuuna ka soo bilowdaa Togo isagoo u qulqula galbeedka, wuxuuna sameeyaa qayb gaaban oo ka mid ah [[Ghana–Togo border|xadka caalamiga ah]] ee u dhexeeya Ghana iyo Togo.<ref name="Brownlie, I. ">{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 250–79}}</ref> Wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] ee dalka Ghana. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} 1ot355uak7mz2mems1jhdikgbb0683x Webiga Atakora 0 48636 301043 2026-07-07T15:47:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Atakora | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Hippotragus1.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = Raxan anteloope (hippotragus) ah oo jooga webiga Atakora. Mid baa u foorara si uu biyo u cabo. | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] | mouth_location = [[Gulf of Guinea|Gacanka Guinea]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7|9|59|N|0|4|55|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = |basin_size_km2=600 | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Atakora''' waa [[tributary|gacan-biyood]] ka mid ah [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] ee dalka [[Ghana]], wuxuuna u qulqulaa qiyaastii 60&nbsp;km oo barri ah dhanka Harada Volta. Koorsadiisa oo dhan waxay ku taal koonfurta Ghana.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Ghana: Webiyada iyo Harooyinka]</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} <!--{{Coord|7.16648|-0.08201|display=title}}--> 2482g1pasg1pix0z5wvq08ng4kqcr7o Webiga Sene 0 48637 301044 2026-07-07T15:50:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Sene | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Sene''' waa webi ku yaal Ghana.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Janssen | first=Thomas A.J.|display-authors=et. al.| title=Extending the baseline of tropical dry forest loss in Ghana (1984–2015) reveals drivers of major deforestation inside a protected area | journal=Biological Conservation | volume=218 | year=2018 | doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2017.12.004 | page=167| hdl=20.500.11820/1ba032cd-c8f9-4ca4-a436-d15dbc88dcb8 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> Wuxuu maraa [[Sene District|Degmada Sene]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} jwry1mwgz0naf1zjeocr9uxq7i9lf0x Webiga Daka 0 48638 301045 2026-07-07T15:52:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Daka | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Lake Volta OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = Harada Volta oo leh gacan-biyoodyadeeda (Webiga Daka oo ku yaal xarunta sare) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Daka River.jpg|thumb|Webigan waxaa laga helaa qaybta waqooyi-bari ee dalka Ghana.]] [[File:Nice view of the Daka river.jpg|thumb|muuqaal fiican oo ah webiga daka]] '''Webiga Daka''' waa webi ku yaal [[Ghana]]. Wuxuu maraa qaybta waqooyi-bari ee dalka wuxuuna ka mid yahay gacan-biyoodyada [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]].<ref name="USAPublications2002">{{cite book|title=Ghana Country Study Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sPDvuEeI4BMC&pg=PA40|date=1 February 2002|publisher=Int'l Business Publications|isbn=978-0-7397-4323-2|page=40|archive-date=20 July 2017|access-date=10 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720191530/https://www.sagharborpartnership.org/permanent-residents-of-oakland-cemetery.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dhulka u dhexeeya webiyada Daka iyo [[Oti River|Oti]] waxaa loo yaqaan marin-biyoodka Oti-Daka.<ref>{{cite book|title=Nyame Akuma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5iEtAQAAIAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary|page=36}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{coord|8.152|-0.362|type:river_region:GH|display=title}} 8ebpcgnh525pi5jw986uo47re3q95ji Webiga Pru 0 48639 301046 2026-07-07T15:55:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Pra | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Rivers of south Ghana OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = Koonfurta Ghana oo leh Pra (xarunta sare) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Pra''' waa webi ku yaal Ghana. Webiga Pra wuxuu ka soo bilowdaa [[Ashanti Region|Ashanti]], qiyaastii {{convert|33|mi}} galbeedka [[Mampong]] ee badhtamaha dalka, wuxuuna u qulqulaa waqooyi-bari, isagoo leh dherer dhan {{convert|120|mi}}.<ref name="Company1980">{{cite book|title=Rand McNally Encyclopedia of World Rivers|url=https://archive.org/details/randmcnallyency000rand|url-access=registration|year=1980|publisher=Rand McNally|page=[https://archive.org/details/randmcnallyency000rand/page/34 34]}}</ref> Qayb ka mid ah aagga u dhexeeya webiyada Pra iyo [[Anum River|Anum]] waxay sameeyaan Kaydka Kaynta ee Pra Anum.<ref name="Amanor1999">{{cite book |last=Amanor |first=Kojo |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-236 |title=Global Restructuring and Land Rights in Ghana: Forest Food Chains, Timber, and Rural Livelihoods |publisher=Nordic Africa Institute |year=1999 |isbn=978-91-7106-437-0 |page=123}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} i5ebir1jdh2f8muhb69jbh3mhc2n4yg Webiga Tain 0 48640 301047 2026-07-07T15:58:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Tain | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Rivers of south Ghana OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = Koonfurta Ghana oo leh Tain (bidixda sare) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Black Volta|Black Volta]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8.15055|-2.12150|format=dms|type:river_region:GH|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Tain''' waa webi, kaas oo mara [[Jaman North District|Degmada Jaman North]] ee [[Brong Ahafo Region|Gobolka Brong Ahafo]] ee Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 24 year man drowns in River Tain|url = http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=218381|website = www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate = 2015-05-28}}</ref> Waa gacan-biyood ka mid ah [[Black Volta]], wuxuuna ku shubmaa Badweynta Atlaantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Tain|url = http://mofa.gov.gh/site/?page_id=1385|accessdate = 2015-05-28}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} n6u1tl8d79a6wcfcgzk9ui2i4h5bs4u Volta Cad 0 48641 301048 2026-07-07T16:01:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Volta Cad<br>''Volta blanche'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = White Volta in the Dry Season.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = White Volta xilliga abaaraha (Ghana) | map = Volta river black white red descriptions.PNG | map_size = 300px | map_caption = White Volta oo lagu muujiyay caddaan | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300px | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] iyo [[Burkina Faso]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|885|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[River mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|9|10|00|N|1|15|00|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|117200|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''White Volta''' ama '''Nakambé''' ([[French language|Faransiis]]: ''Volta blanche'') waa [[River source|isha biyaha]] ee [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]], oo ah marin-biyoodka ugu weyn [[Ghana]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm|title=Ghana - Webiyada iyo Harooyinka|website=www.countrystudies.us|access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref><ref name="amisigo">{{cite book |last1=Amisigo |first1=Barnabas Akurigo |title=Modelling Riverflow in the Volta Basin of West Africa: A Data-driven Framework |date=2005 |publisher=Cuvilier |isbn=9783865377012 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FBXya_-FfJAC&q=nakanbe+volta&pg=PA27 |access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref> White Volta waxay ka soo bilaabataa waqooyiga [[Burkina Faso]], waxay dhex martaa waqooyiga [[Ghana]] waxayna ku shubataa [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] ee Ghana.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes"/> [[Tributary|Gacan-biyoodyada]] ugu waaweyn ee White Volta waa [[Black Volta]] iyo [[Red Volta]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes"/> Webigu wuxuu leeyahay dherer dhan qiyaastii 640–885 km, taas oo ku xiran habka cabbiraadda ee la isticmaalo, wuxuuna bulaacada ka sameeyaa dhul ballaaran oo ka gudba xuduudaha oo ay inta badan wadaagaan Burkina Faso iyo Ghana.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Webiga Volta {{!}} Ghana, Khariidad, & Xaqiiqooyin {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Volta-River |access-date=2026-06-14 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> == Koorsada iyo bulaacada == White Volta waa mid ka mid ah gacan-biyoodyada ugu waaweyn ee [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]]. Waxay ka soo kacdaa [[Burkina Faso]] iyadoo loo yaqaan Nakanbé waxayna u [[Downspout|qulqushaa]] koonfurta ilaa waqooyiga [[Ghana]] si ay u samayso Harada Volta.<ref name="FAOVolta">{{cite web |title=Bulaacada Volta |url=https://www.fao.org/4/w4347e/w4347e0u.htm |access-date=2 June 2026 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}}</ref> Bulaacada [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]] waxay ka kooban tahay bulaacada webiga Volta iyo laamihiisa kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan White Volta, [[Black Volta]], Red Volta, [[Oti Region|Oti,]] iyo bulaacada hoose ee Lower Volta.<ref name="Barry2005">{{cite report |url=https://archive.iwmi.org/assessment/files_new/research_projects/river_basin_development_and_management/VoltaRiverBasin_Boubacar.pdf |title=Bulaacada Webiga Volta |last1=Barry |first1=Boubacar |last2=Obuobie |first2=Emmanuel |last3=Andreini |first3=Marc |last4=Andah |first4=William |last5=Pluquet |first5=Marc |year=2005 |publisher=International Water Management Institute |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> Bulaacada White Volta waxay ku fidsan tahay qaybo ka mid ah Burkina Faso iyo Ghana. Gudaha Ghana, White Volta waxay muhiim u tahay gobolka waqooyi ee dalka, halkaas oo ay bixiso fursado loogu talagalay nolosha miyiga iyada oo loo marayo beerashada dhul-fatahaadaha, waraabinta xoolaha, kalluumeysiga, iyo isticmaalka biyaha guriga.<ref name="Mohammed20132">{{cite journal |last1=Mohammed |first1=Asaah Sumaila |last2=Derbile |first2=Emmanuel Kanchebe |last3=Mordzeh-Ekpampo |first3=Musah Ibrahim |year=2013 |title=Bulaacada White Volta, Isbeddelka Cimilada iyo Amniga Cunnada: Aragtiyaha Bulshooyinka Riparian ee Waqooyiga Ghana |url=https://www.davidpublisher.com/Public/uploads/Contribute/55190b1b3d097.pdf |journal=Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering B |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=375–387 |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> Muhiimaddeedu waxay ku jirtaa inay tahay marin-biyoodka u xira [[West Africa|Galbeedka Afrika]] ee abaarta ah/qoyaanka leh inta kale ee nidaamka Volta. == Gacan-biyoodyada == White Volta waxay ka bilaabataa webiga lagu magacaabo Nakanbé ee Burkina Faso. Red Volta, ama Nazinon, iyo sidoo kale Sissili, waa laba ka mid ah gacan-biyoodyada ugu waaweyn ee White Volta, waxayna sidoo kale ka soo jeedaan Burkina Faso.<ref name="Barry2005" /> Waxaa sidoo kale jira Black Volta, ama Mouhoun, kaas oo ah mid ka mid ah laamaha ugu waaweyn ee nidaamka Volta; si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in si gooni ah looga fiirsadaa sida isha biyaha ee nidaamka oo dhan ee [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]].<ref name="Barry2005" /><ref name="FAOVolta" /> Nidaamka gacan-biyoodyada ee White Volta wuxuu muhiimad siiyaa webiga gobolka maadaama sahayda biyaha iyo suurtagalnimada [[Flood|fatahaadaha]] ee webiga ay ku xiran tahay tirada roobabka ee [[Burkina Faso]].<ref name="WorldBank2014">{{cite web |date=1 October 2014 |title=Ghana: Xoojinta Maareynta Fatahaadaha ee Bulaacada Volta |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/10/01/drmhubtokyo-country-program-ghana-strengthening-flood-management-in-volta-basin |access-date=2 June 2026 |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> == Saamaynta == White Volta waa il weyn oo biyo [[water|cabitaan]] u ah bulshooyin badan oo ku teedsan bangiyadeeda iyo meelo ka fog marin-biyoodka. Waxa kale oo ay keentaa fatahaado xilliyeed oo ku dhaca bulshooyin badan oo ku teedsan bangiyadeeda.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Feejignaanta fatahaadaha ee Ghana|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-41067545|access-date=2021-09-23}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Portal|Africa|Water}} {{Commons category|White Volta}} {{Authority control}} 8vpymqauraazevm7trg75f8q0gl6xxw 301049 301048 2026-07-07T16:01:30Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Volta Cad<br>''Volta blanche'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = White Volta in the Dry Season.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = White Volta xilliga abaaraha (Ghana) | map = Volta river black white red descriptions.PNG | map_size = 300px | map_caption = White Volta oo lagu muujiyay caddaan | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300px | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] iyo [[Burkina Faso]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|885|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[River mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|9|10|00|N|1|15|00|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|117200|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Volta Cad''' ama '''Nakambé''' ([[French language|Faransiis]]: ''Volta blanche'') waa [[River source|isha biyaha]] ee [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]], oo ah marin-biyoodka ugu weyn [[Ghana]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm|title=Ghana - Webiyada iyo Harooyinka|website=www.countrystudies.us|access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref><ref name="amisigo">{{cite book |last1=Amisigo |first1=Barnabas Akurigo |title=Modelling Riverflow in the Volta Basin of West Africa: A Data-driven Framework |date=2005 |publisher=Cuvilier |isbn=9783865377012 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FBXya_-FfJAC&q=nakanbe+volta&pg=PA27 |access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref> White Volta waxay ka soo bilaabataa waqooyiga [[Burkina Faso]], waxay dhex martaa waqooyiga [[Ghana]] waxayna ku shubataa [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] ee Ghana.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes"/> [[Tributary|Gacan-biyoodyada]] ugu waaweyn ee White Volta waa [[Black Volta]] iyo [[Red Volta]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes"/> Webigu wuxuu leeyahay dherer dhan qiyaastii 640–885 km, taas oo ku xiran habka cabbiraadda ee la isticmaalo, wuxuuna bulaacada ka sameeyaa dhul ballaaran oo ka gudba xuduudaha oo ay inta badan wadaagaan Burkina Faso iyo Ghana.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Webiga Volta {{!}} Ghana, Khariidad, & Xaqiiqooyin {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Volta-River |access-date=2026-06-14 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> == Koorsada iyo bulaacada == White Volta waa mid ka mid ah gacan-biyoodyada ugu waaweyn ee [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]]. Waxay ka soo kacdaa [[Burkina Faso]] iyadoo loo yaqaan Nakanbé waxayna u [[Downspout|qulqushaa]] koonfurta ilaa waqooyiga [[Ghana]] si ay u samayso Harada Volta.<ref name="FAOVolta">{{cite web |title=Bulaacada Volta |url=https://www.fao.org/4/w4347e/w4347e0u.htm |access-date=2 June 2026 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}}</ref> Bulaacada [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]] waxay ka kooban tahay bulaacada webiga Volta iyo laamihiisa kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan White Volta, [[Black Volta]], Red Volta, [[Oti Region|Oti,]] iyo bulaacada hoose ee Lower Volta.<ref name="Barry2005">{{cite report |url=https://archive.iwmi.org/assessment/files_new/research_projects/river_basin_development_and_management/VoltaRiverBasin_Boubacar.pdf |title=Bulaacada Webiga Volta |last1=Barry |first1=Boubacar |last2=Obuobie |first2=Emmanuel |last3=Andreini |first3=Marc |last4=Andah |first4=William |last5=Pluquet |first5=Marc |year=2005 |publisher=International Water Management Institute |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> Bulaacada White Volta waxay ku fidsan tahay qaybo ka mid ah Burkina Faso iyo Ghana. Gudaha Ghana, White Volta waxay muhiim u tahay gobolka waqooyi ee dalka, halkaas oo ay bixiso fursado loogu talagalay nolosha miyiga iyada oo loo marayo beerashada dhul-fatahaadaha, waraabinta xoolaha, kalluumeysiga, iyo isticmaalka biyaha guriga.<ref name="Mohammed20132">{{cite journal |last1=Mohammed |first1=Asaah Sumaila |last2=Derbile |first2=Emmanuel Kanchebe |last3=Mordzeh-Ekpampo |first3=Musah Ibrahim |year=2013 |title=Bulaacada White Volta, Isbeddelka Cimilada iyo Amniga Cunnada: Aragtiyaha Bulshooyinka Riparian ee Waqooyiga Ghana |url=https://www.davidpublisher.com/Public/uploads/Contribute/55190b1b3d097.pdf |journal=Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering B |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=375–387 |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> Muhiimaddeedu waxay ku jirtaa inay tahay marin-biyoodka u xira [[West Africa|Galbeedka Afrika]] ee abaarta ah/qoyaanka leh inta kale ee nidaamka Volta. == Gacan-biyoodyada == White Volta waxay ka bilaabataa webiga lagu magacaabo Nakanbé ee Burkina Faso. Red Volta, ama Nazinon, iyo sidoo kale Sissili, waa laba ka mid ah gacan-biyoodyada ugu waaweyn ee White Volta, waxayna sidoo kale ka soo jeedaan Burkina Faso.<ref name="Barry2005" /> Waxaa sidoo kale jira Black Volta, ama Mouhoun, kaas oo ah mid ka mid ah laamaha ugu waaweyn ee nidaamka Volta; si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in si gooni ah looga fiirsadaa sida isha biyaha ee nidaamka oo dhan ee [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]].<ref name="Barry2005" /><ref name="FAOVolta" /> Nidaamka gacan-biyoodyada ee White Volta wuxuu muhiimad siiyaa webiga gobolka maadaama sahayda biyaha iyo suurtagalnimada [[Flood|fatahaadaha]] ee webiga ay ku xiran tahay tirada roobabka ee [[Burkina Faso]].<ref name="WorldBank2014">{{cite web |date=1 October 2014 |title=Ghana: Xoojinta Maareynta Fatahaadaha ee Bulaacada Volta |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/10/01/drmhubtokyo-country-program-ghana-strengthening-flood-management-in-volta-basin |access-date=2 June 2026 |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> == Saamaynta == White Volta waa il weyn oo biyo [[water|cabitaan]] u ah bulshooyin badan oo ku teedsan bangiyadeeda iyo meelo ka fog marin-biyoodka. Waxa kale oo ay keentaa fatahaado xilliyeed oo ku dhaca bulshooyin badan oo ku teedsan bangiyadeeda.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Feejignaanta fatahaadaha ee Ghana|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-41067545|access-date=2021-09-23}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Portal|Africa|Water}} {{Commons category|White Volta}} {{Authority control}} 8y94o8vk16f7uco75jp7dzwf8z0m4ck 301062 301049 2026-07-08T00:05:23Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 301062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Volta Cad<br>''Volta blanche'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = White Volta in the Dry Season.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = White Volta xilliga abaaraha (Ghana) | map = Volta river black white red descriptions.PNG | map_size = 300px | map_caption = White Volta oo lagu muujiyay caddaan | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300px | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] iyo [[Burkina Faso]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|885|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[River mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|9|10|00|N|1|15|00|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|117200|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Volta Cad''' ama '''Nakambé''' ([[Af Faransiis]]: ''Volta blanche'') waa [[River source|isha biyaha]] ee [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]], oo ah marin-biyoodka ugu weyn [[Gaana]]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm|title=Ghana - Webiyada iyo Harooyinka|website=www.countrystudies.us|access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref><ref name="amisigo">{{cite book |last1=Amisigo |first1=Barnabas Akurigo |title=Modelling Riverflow in the Volta Basin of West Africa: A Data-driven Framework |date=2005 |publisher=Cuvilier |isbn=9783865377012 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FBXya_-FfJAC&q=nakanbe+volta&pg=PA27 |access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref> White Volta waxay ka soo bilaabataa waqooyiga [[Burkina Faso]], waxay dhex martaa waqooyiga [[Ghana]] waxayna ku shubataa [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] ee Ghana.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes"/> [[Tributary|Gacan-biyoodyada]] ugu waaweyn ee White Volta waa [[Black Volta]] iyo [[Red Volta]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes"/> Webigu wuxuu leeyahay dherer dhan qiyaastii 640–885 km, taas oo ku xiran habka cabbiraadda ee la isticmaalo, wuxuuna bulaacada ka sameeyaa dhul ballaaran oo ka gudba xuduudaha oo ay inta badan wadaagaan Burkina Faso iyo Ghana.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Webiga Volta {{!}} Ghana, Khariidad, & Xaqiiqooyin {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Volta-River |access-date=2026-06-14 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> == Koorsada iyo bulaacada == White Volta waa mid ka mid ah gacan-biyoodyada ugu waaweyn ee [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]]. Waxay ka soo kacdaa [[Burkina Faso]] iyadoo loo yaqaan Nakanbé waxayna u [[Downspout|qulqushaa]] koonfurta ilaa waqooyiga [[Ghana]] si ay u samayso Harada Volta.<ref name="FAOVolta">{{cite web |title=Bulaacada Volta |url=https://www.fao.org/4/w4347e/w4347e0u.htm |access-date=2 June 2026 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}}</ref> Bulaacada [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]] waxay ka kooban tahay bulaacada webiga Volta iyo laamihiisa kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan White Volta, [[Black Volta]], Red Volta, [[Oti Region|Oti,]] iyo bulaacada hoose ee Lower Volta.<ref name="Barry2005">{{cite report |url=https://archive.iwmi.org/assessment/files_new/research_projects/river_basin_development_and_management/VoltaRiverBasin_Boubacar.pdf |title=Bulaacada Webiga Volta |last1=Barry |first1=Boubacar |last2=Obuobie |first2=Emmanuel |last3=Andreini |first3=Marc |last4=Andah |first4=William |last5=Pluquet |first5=Marc |year=2005 |publisher=International Water Management Institute |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> Bulaacada White Volta waxay ku fidsan tahay qaybo ka mid ah Burkina Faso iyo Ghana. Gudaha Ghana, White Volta waxay muhiim u tahay gobolka waqooyi ee dalka, halkaas oo ay bixiso fursado loogu talagalay nolosha miyiga iyada oo loo marayo beerashada dhul-fatahaadaha, waraabinta xoolaha, kalluumeysiga, iyo isticmaalka biyaha guriga.<ref name="Mohammed20132">{{cite journal |last1=Mohammed |first1=Asaah Sumaila |last2=Derbile |first2=Emmanuel Kanchebe |last3=Mordzeh-Ekpampo |first3=Musah Ibrahim |year=2013 |title=Bulaacada White Volta, Isbeddelka Cimilada iyo Amniga Cunnada: Aragtiyaha Bulshooyinka Riparian ee Waqooyiga Ghana |url=https://www.davidpublisher.com/Public/uploads/Contribute/55190b1b3d097.pdf |journal=Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering B |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=375–387 |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> Muhiimaddeedu waxay ku jirtaa inay tahay marin-biyoodka u xira [[West Africa|Galbeedka Afrika]] ee abaarta ah/qoyaanka leh inta kale ee nidaamka Volta. == Gacan-biyoodyada == White Volta waxay ka bilaabataa webiga lagu magacaabo Nakanbé ee Burkina Faso. Red Volta, ama Nazinon, iyo sidoo kale Sissili, waa laba ka mid ah gacan-biyoodyada ugu waaweyn ee White Volta, waxayna sidoo kale ka soo jeedaan Burkina Faso.<ref name="Barry2005" /> Waxaa sidoo kale jira Black Volta, ama Mouhoun, kaas oo ah mid ka mid ah laamaha ugu waaweyn ee nidaamka Volta; si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in si gooni ah looga fiirsadaa sida isha biyaha ee nidaamka oo dhan ee [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]].<ref name="Barry2005" /><ref name="FAOVolta" /> Nidaamka gacan-biyoodyada ee White Volta wuxuu muhiimad siiyaa webiga gobolka maadaama sahayda biyaha iyo suurtagalnimada [[Flood|fatahaadaha]] ee webiga ay ku xiran tahay tirada roobabka ee [[Burkina Faso]].<ref name="WorldBank2014">{{cite web |date=1 October 2014 |title=Ghana: Xoojinta Maareynta Fatahaadaha ee Bulaacada Volta |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/10/01/drmhubtokyo-country-program-ghana-strengthening-flood-management-in-volta-basin |access-date=2 June 2026 |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> == Saamaynta == White Volta waa il weyn oo biyo [[water|cabitaan]] u ah bulshooyin badan oo ku teedsan bangiyadeeda iyo meelo ka fog marin-biyoodka. Waxa kale oo ay keentaa fatahaado xilliyeed oo ku dhaca bulshooyin badan oo ku teedsan bangiyadeeda.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Feejignaanta fatahaadaha ee Ghana|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-41067545|access-date=2021-09-23}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Portal|Africa|Water}} {{Commons category|White Volta}} {{Authority control}} thn9ondpvimla7zum0mxrp3eyeckj40 301064 301062 2026-07-08T00:14:26Z Videoiib7 46243 Fixed grammar 301064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Volta Cad<br>''Volta blanche'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = White Volta in the Dry Season.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = White Volta xilliga abaaraha (Ghana) | map = Volta river black white red descriptions.PNG | map_size = 300px | map_caption = White Volta oo lagu muujiyay caddaan | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300px | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] iyo [[Burkina Faso]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|885|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[River mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|9|10|00|N|1|15|00|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|117200|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Volta Cad''' ama '''Nakambé''' ([[Af Faransiis]]: ''Volta blanche'') waa [[River source|isha biyaha]] ee [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]], oo ah marin-biyoodka ugu weyn [[Gaana]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm|title=Ghana - Webiyada iyo Harooyinka|website=www.countrystudies.us|access-date=2017-08-17}}</ref><ref name="amisigo">{{cite book |last1=Amisigo |first1=Barnabas Akurigo |title=Modelling Riverflow in the Volta Basin of West Africa: A Data-driven Framework |date=2005 |publisher=Cuvilier |isbn=9783865377012 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FBXya_-FfJAC&q=nakanbe+volta&pg=PA27 |access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref> White Volta waxay ka soo bilaabataa waqooyiga [[Burkina Faso]], waxay dhex martaa waqooyiga [[Gaana]] waxayna ku shubataa [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] ee Ghana.<ref name="Rivers and Lakes"/> [[Tributary|Gacan-biyoodyada]] ugu waaweyn ee White Volta waa [[Black Volta]] iyo [[Red Volta]].<ref name="Rivers and Lakes"/> Webigu wuxuu leeyahay dherer dhan qiyaastii 640–885 km, taas oo ku xiran habka cabbiraadda ee la isticmaalo, wuxuuna bulaacada ka sameeyaa dhul ballaaran oo ka gudba xuduudaha oo ay inta badan wadaagaan Burkina Faso iyo Ghana.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Webiga Volta {{!}} Ghana, Khariidad, & Xaqiiqooyin {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Volta-River |access-date=2026-06-14 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> == Koorsada iyo bulaacada == White Volta waa mid ka mid ah gacan-biyoodyada ugu waaweyn ee [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]]. Waxay ka soo kacdaa [[Burkina Faso]] iyadoo loo yaqaan Nakanbé waxayna u [[Downspout|qulqushaa]] koonfurta ilaa waqooyiga [[Ghana]] si ay u samayso Harada Volta.<ref name="FAOVolta">{{cite web |title=Bulaacada Volta |url=https://www.fao.org/4/w4347e/w4347e0u.htm |access-date=2 June 2026 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}}</ref> Bulaacada [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]] waxay ka kooban tahay bulaacada webiga Volta iyo laamihiisa kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan White Volta, [[Black Volta]], Red Volta, [[Oti Region|Oti,]] iyo bulaacada hoose ee Lower Volta.<ref name="Barry2005">{{cite report |url=https://archive.iwmi.org/assessment/files_new/research_projects/river_basin_development_and_management/VoltaRiverBasin_Boubacar.pdf |title=Bulaacada Webiga Volta |last1=Barry |first1=Boubacar |last2=Obuobie |first2=Emmanuel |last3=Andreini |first3=Marc |last4=Andah |first4=William |last5=Pluquet |first5=Marc |year=2005 |publisher=International Water Management Institute |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> Bulaacada White Volta waxay ku fidsan tahay qaybo ka mid ah Burkina Faso iyo Ghana. Gudaha Ghana, White Volta waxay muhiim u tahay gobolka waqooyi ee dalka, halkaas oo ay bixiso fursado loogu talagalay nolosha miyiga iyada oo loo marayo beerashada dhul-fatahaadaha, waraabinta xoolaha, kalluumeysiga, iyo isticmaalka biyaha guriga.<ref name="Mohammed20132">{{cite journal |last1=Mohammed |first1=Asaah Sumaila |last2=Derbile |first2=Emmanuel Kanchebe |last3=Mordzeh-Ekpampo |first3=Musah Ibrahim |year=2013 |title=Bulaacada White Volta, Isbeddelka Cimilada iyo Amniga Cunnada: Aragtiyaha Bulshooyinka Riparian ee Waqooyiga Ghana |url=https://www.davidpublisher.com/Public/uploads/Contribute/55190b1b3d097.pdf |journal=Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering B |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=375–387 |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> Muhiimaddeedu waxay ku jirtaa inay tahay marin-biyoodka u xira [[West Africa|Galbeedka Afrika]] ee abaarta ah/qoyaanka leh inta kale ee nidaamka Volta. == Gacan-biyoodyada == White Volta waxay ka bilaabataa webiga lagu magacaabo Nakanbé ee Burkina Faso. Red Volta, ama Nazinon, iyo sidoo kale Sissili, waa laba ka mid ah gacan-biyoodyada ugu waaweyn ee White Volta, waxayna sidoo kale ka soo jeedaan Burkina Faso.<ref name="Barry2005" /> Waxaa sidoo kale jira Black Volta, ama Mouhoun, kaas oo ah mid ka mid ah laamaha ugu waaweyn ee nidaamka Volta; si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in si gooni ah looga fiirsadaa sida isha biyaha ee nidaamka oo dhan ee [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]].<ref name="Barry2005" /><ref name="FAOVolta" /> Nidaamka gacan-biyoodyada ee White Volta wuxuu muhiimad siiyaa webiga gobolka maadaama sahayda biyaha iyo suurtagalnimada [[Flood|fatahaadaha]] ee webiga ay ku xiran tahay tirada roobabka ee [[Burkina Faso]].<ref name="WorldBank2014">{{cite web |date=1 October 2014 |title=Ghana: Xoojinta Maareynta Fatahaadaha ee Bulaacada Volta |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/10/01/drmhubtokyo-country-program-ghana-strengthening-flood-management-in-volta-basin |access-date=2 June 2026 |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> == Saamaynta == White Volta waa il weyn oo biyo [[water|cabitaan]] u ah bulshooyin badan oo ku teedsan bangiyadeeda iyo meelo ka fog marin-biyoodka. Waxa kale oo ay keentaa fatahaado xilliyeed oo ku dhaca bulshooyin badan oo ku teedsan bangiyadeeda.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Feejignaanta fatahaadaha ee Ghana|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-41067545|access-date=2021-09-23}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Portal|Africa|Water}} {{Commons category|White Volta}} {{Authority control}} kfln0hpfzan0ol2w5pviuvwdcn6lvum Webiga Kulpawn 0 48642 301050 2026-07-07T16:03:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Kulpawn | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = White Volta Tributaries OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = Gacan-biyoodyada ugu waaweyn ee White Volta iyadoo Kulpawn (bartamaha hoose ee bidix) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[White Volta|White Volta]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|10|19|51|N|1|04|58|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Kulpawn''' waa mid ka mid ah webiyada ugu waaweyn ee waqooyi-galbeed Ghana, oo ay weheliyaan webiyada [[Black Volta River|Black Volta]] iyo [[Sisili River|Sisili]]. Wuxuu maraa [[Wa Municipal District|Degmada Wa Municipal]].<ref name="Wilks2002">{{cite book|last=Wilks|first=Ivor|title=Wa and the Wala: Islam and Polity in Northwestern Ghana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I6Yyzg-R8ikC&pg=PA10|date=4 July 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-89434-0|page=10}}</ref> Kaynta xeebta ee ku teedsan bangiga Kulpawn ee [[Wahabu]] waxay si gaar ah caan ugu tahay khubarada cilmi-baarista shimbiraha, sababo la xiriira noocyo kala duwan oo shimbirro ah.<ref name="Briggs2014">{{cite book|last=Briggs|first=Philip|title=Ghana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ShVTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA474|date=4 January 2014|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-478-5|page=474}}</ref> Webigu wuxuu maraa [[Gbele Resource Centre]] laga bilaabo galbeedka ilaa koonfur-bari.<ref>{{cite web |title=Important Bird Areas factsheet: Gbele Resource Reserve (text)". |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/gbele-resource-reserve-iba-ghana/text |website=www.birdlife.org |access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} orbx1jzsenciejt12wprlqadd88enlk Webiga Sisili 0 48643 301051 2026-07-07T16:06:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Sisili | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = White Volta Tributaries OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = Gacan-biyoodyada ugu waaweyn ee White Volta iyadoo Sisili (bartamaha bidix) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|10|16|36|N|1|14|30|W|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Kulpawn River|Webiga Kulpawn]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Sisili''' waa mid ka mid ah webiyada ugu waaweyn ee waqooyi-galbeed Ghana, oo ay weheliyaan webiyada [[Black Volta River|Black Volta]] iyo [[Kulpawn River|Kulpawn]]. Taariikh ahaan, aagga [[Nakong]] ee Webiga Sisili, dhinaca bari, wuxuu ahaa mid loo geysto "duulaannada addoonsiga [[Zarma people|Zabarima]] ee uu hoggaaminayay Gazare iyo Babatu".<ref name="AnquandahDoortmont2007">{{cite book|last1=Anquandah|first1=James|last2=Doortmont|first2=Michel|last3=Opoku-Agyemang|first3=Naana Jane|title=The Transatlantic Slave Trade: Landmarks, Legacies, Expectations : Proceedings of the International Conference on Historic Slave Route Held at Accra, Ghana on 30 August-2 September 2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHnaAAAAMAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Sub-Saharan Publishers|isbn=978-9988-647-73-5|page=194}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{coord|10.2768|N|1.2417|W|format=dms|type:river_region:GH_source:wikidata|display=title}} 2k7rge9yu9gb9rvbx55omtcibze1kob Red Volta 0 48644 301052 2026-07-07T16:08:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Red Volta<br>''Volta rouge'' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Volta river black white red descriptions and surrounding countries.jpg | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Red Volta oo lagu muujiyay guduud | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300px | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = [[Burkina Faso]] iyo [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|320|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[River mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Volta River|Webiga Volta]] | mouth_location = [[Lake Volta|Harada Volta]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|10|34|00|N|00|30|00|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|73000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = [[White Volta|White Volta]] | tributaries_right = [[White Volta|White Volta]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Red Volta''' ama '''Nazinon''' ([[French language|Faransiis]]: ''Volta rouge'') waa marin-biyood ku yaal [[West Africa|Galbeedka Afrika]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Red-Volta-River|title=Webiga Red Volta {{!}} webi, Afrika|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-09-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/volta|title=Freshwater Ecoregions Of the World|website=www.feow.org|access-date=2019-09-24|archive-date=2017-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116165735/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/Volta|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wuxuu ka soo bilowdaa meel u dhow [[Ouagadougou]] oo ku taal [[Burkina Faso]] wuxuuna leeyahay dherer dhan qiyaastii 320 km ka dibna wuxuu ku biiraa [[White Volta|White Volta]] ee dalka [[Ghana]]. Webigu wuxuu inta badan ku yaal Burkina Faso wuxuuna sameeyaa qayb ka mid ah [[Burkina Faso–Ghana border|xadka caalamiga ah]] ee u dhexeeya Burkina Faso iyo Ghana. Wuxuu u qulqulaa [[Upper East Region|gobolka Upper East]] ee Ghana wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[White Volta|White Volta]]. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Commons}} <!-- {{Coord|10|34|00|N|00|30|00|W|display=title|region:GH_type:waterbody_source:dewiki}} {{Coord|11|06|43|N|0|44|19|W|display=title|region:BF_type:waterbody_source:dewiki}} --> g7x1gu34tin4p2eabx1ps2l9rpccr3r