Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2253 301455 289011 2026-07-10T12:38:22Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Xamarweyne | other_name = Hamar Weyne | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Degmo]] | motto = | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = Hamar Weyne District.png | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map =Somalia | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somalia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Banaadir]] | subdivision_type2 = Caasimada | subdivision_name2 = [[Muqdisho]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = Guddoomiyaha Degmada | leader_name = Cabdulkadir Maxamed Cabdulkadir | established_title = | established_date = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 =370 | area_land_km2 = | population_as_of =2016 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total =18,740 | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates ={{coord|2|2|59|N|45|15|44|E|region:SO|display=it}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m =20 | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | footnotes = | name = }} Xamarweyne, waa degmo ku taalla magaalada [[Muqdisho]] ee [[Banaadir|Gobolka Banaadir]]. Magaca Xamarweyne wuxuu ka yimid Xamarki duqoobay; 1600 ama qarnigii 16-aad xamarweyne waxay aheyd dhul xeebeed banaan oo ay ku nool yihiin dad xoolo dhaqato ah & dad kalluumeysato ah kana soo kala jeeda wadamo kala duwan oo carbeed waa halka ugu qaddiimisan koofurta iyadoo leh taariikh soo jireen ah, oo eyna ka soo taliyeen boqortooyooyin kala duwan rugna u aheyd ganacsigi barigi Afrika qarnigii 16aad illaa iyo kii 19aad. Degmada Xamarweyne waxey dhacdaa xeebta ee Badweynta Hindiya, dhererka xeebteeda waxey gaareysaa 1.2km. Dhanka waqooyi waxaa ka xiga degmada Wardhiigley iyo Boondheere, Dhanka barina waxaa ka xiga degmada [[Shangaani]], koofur waxaa.ka xiga Badweynta Hindiya Galbeedna waxaa ka saaran [[Xamarjajab|Xamar Jajab]] Nocyada Kala duwan ee malayga ee lagahelo bada Xamar Wayne sida [[Yuumbi]], [[Jeedar]], [[Tartaba]] iyo kuwo la mid ah. Xamar Weyne waa degmo xusuus badan leh oonan la iloobi karin sababtoo ah waxaa lagu yaqaan quruxda iyo saraha dhaadheer ee ka dhisan ku waasoo dadka eey ka fiirsadaan xeebta. Meela badan oo muhiim ahna weey ku yaalaan sida xarunta gobolka banaadir bacadlihi ugu weyna e dalka kawaanka ugu weyn e kaluunka somalia masaajidka Marwaas, Isnaa Casheri kaasoo ahaa masaajidkii ugu horeeyay ee laga furay dalka. Arbaca Rukun waa masaajid [[taariikh]] weyn lah. Dadka dagan Xamar Weyne waa Banaadiriga iyo Gibilcadka. Dadkaan waxeey badanaa u badanyihiin Ganacsadayaal, Jilayaal,Injineer, Qaalli iyo Macallimiin iyo wax la mid ah. Xamar Weyne dadka dagan waa dadka lafdharka ilbaxnimada lagu yaqaan. Badanaa jilayaasha waxaa lagu yaqaan fasiraada filimaanta sida.: [[Indunisiya]] da; [[Bakistaan]]; [[Turkiga]] iyo [[Bangladesh]]. waxeeyna soo saaraan filimaan aad iyo aad cajiib iyo shactaro u ah laakiin ku saabsan waxa aay dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed maraan. Istuudiyo yaal badan ayaa ka furan sida Saafi Films iyo Waaberi. Sidoo kale, ganacsiga aad ayaa looga taageraa oo waxa lagu yaqaan Carwooyinka waaween iyo Foornada macmacaan ka sameeya Ciidaha iyo aroosyada Xamar Weyne waxay aheed meel kamid ah meelaha dadka ugu xadaarisani degan yihiin Muqdisho waxaana intaa sii dheeraa dhismayaasha quruxda badan ee ku yaalay oo welina ku yaalo meeshaas sida Guryaha Dawladdaha kala duwanaa ee Soomaaliya soo mara sida xaruntii Baarlamaanka, Bangigii Dhexe, Maxkamadii Sare, Holki Tiyaatarka iyo afiisyo kaloo badan oo aanan halkaan lagu soo koobi karin ==Xuduuda waxaey la leedhay == 1.[[Wardhiigley ]] 2.[[Boondheere]] 3.[[Shangaani]] 4.[[Xamarjajab]] ==Masaajidada== [[File:Jama%27a_Xamar_Weyne.jpg|thumb|Masjidka jumcaha]] ee jamaca xamar weyne xamar weyne]] Inkastoo degmada Xamar Weyne ay ka mid tahay degmooyinka ugu yar magaalada Muqdisho ayaa waxay caan ku tahay masaajido iyo madarasooyin badan. Degmadan waxaa ku yaal in ka badan 25 masaajid, kuwaasoo ay ka mid yihiin: *Cabdulqaadir *Cadayga (Aw Musse) *Ano Qube (Raqayga) *Aw Dhawariyo *Aw Xaaji Bawasan *Aw Mukhtaar & Aw Sheekh Cumar (Masaajid Mataanaha ah) *Aw Cismaan Xasan *Awooto Eeday *Fakhrudiin *Faraj Bin Cali *Xaaji Abati Shooble *Xaaji Cali Abow Xuseen *Jaamac Xamar Weyne *Jaamac’ Marwas *Maxamed Al Tani *Nuuruleyn (Shariif Ahil) *Masjidka Pakistan *Shariif Haashim *Sheekh Aweys *Sheekh Uweys ul Qarni *Sheekh Ibraahim *Sheekh Idiris *Sheekh Naasir Bin cali ==Tixraac== [https://somalikitchen.typepad.com/my-blog/2012/04/shidni-somali-chilli-sauce-with-tamarind.html "Shidni (Suugo Chilli leh tamarind)"] {{Wayback|url=https://somalikitchen.typepad.com/my-blog/2012/04/shidni-somali-chilli-sauce-with-tamarind.html |date=20250912233754 }} [http://www.statoids.com/yso.html Degmooyinka Soomaaliya] [http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/120220_OCHASom_Administrative_Map_Banadir_HamarWeyne_A3.pdf Khariidadda Maamulka Degmada Xamar Weyne] cwza0hrgkqhu98pazyqsj6x7zw4ikhd 0 2734 301606 294282 2026-07-11T09:06:15Z Ibnumustaf 45049 Fixed typo 301606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-protected|small=yes}} {{Macluumaad luqadda |name=Soomaaliya |nativename={{lang|so|Af-Soomaali}}<br />{{lang|ar|اللغة الصومالية}} |states=[[Soomaaliya]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Kiinya]], [[Itoobiya]] |speakers = 34 milyan {{increase}} |date = 2019 |ref = <ref>[[Nationalencyklopedin]] "Världens 100 största språk 2007" The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007</ref> |familycolor=Afro-Asiatic |fam2=[[Luqadaha Kushiitiga|Kushiitik]] |fam3=[[Geeska Afrika|Bariga Deegaanad Hoose]] |fam4=[[Soomaali|Somali-Weyn]] |fam5=[[Af-soomaali]] |nation={{flagcountry|Soomaaliya}}<br />({{flagcountry|Soomaaliland}} / {{flagcountry|Waqooyibari}})<br />{{Flagcountry|Djibouti}} |iso1=so |iso2=som |iso3=som |script=[[Far Soomaali|Latin]] (Rasmi), [[Farta Carabiga]], [[Farta Cismaaniya]], [[Farta Borama|Borama]], [[kadariya]] |map= |mapcaption=Meelaha la gaga hadlo Soomaaliga |notice=IPA }} {{dhaqanka soomaaliya}} '''Af-Soomaali''' waa luqad [[Afro-Aasiyatik]] ah oo ay leedahay laanta [[Kushiitik]] . Waxay afka hooyo u tahay [[Soomaalida]] ku nool dhulka [[Soomaaliweyn]] iyo qurbo joogta Soomaaliyeed. Afka Soomaaliga waa afka rasmiga ee [[Soomaaliya]]<ref>[http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Somaliland_Constitution_Text_only_Eng_IJSLL.pdf Constitution of the Republic of Somaliland, November 10, 2019]</ref> , luqadda qaranka [[Jabuuti]] , iyo luqad ka shaqeeysa gobolka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Soomaalida Itoobiya]] iyo sidoo kale [[Woqooyi Bari, Kiinya|Waqooyi Bari Kenya]]. Afka Soomaaliga wuxuu si rasmi ah ugu qoran yahay xarfaha [[Laatiin]]ka. [[File:R.publication Somali language.jpg|thumb|660px|Daabacadaha Af-Soomaaliga<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/ Buugag iyo Qormo Dhigashada…]</ref>]] ==Kala sooca== Afka Soomaaliga waxaa lagu kala soocay gudaha kushitiga ee laanta Afro aasiyatiga; gaar ahaan, Dhulka bariga hoose ee kushitik oo ay weheliso [[Af-Cafari|canfarta]] iyo [[Af saho|Saho]]. Af-Soomaaligu waa luuqadda Kushiitiga ee si fiican loo diiwaangeliyay<ref>Lewis, I. (1998). Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho. Red Sea Press|1998|</ref>, oo leh daraasado aqooneed oo afka ah oo ku qootoma dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19aad. == Juquraafiga == Afka Soomaaliga waxaa ku hadla Soomaalida ku nool dalka Soomaaliya , Jabuuti , Itoobiya , Yemen , Kenya , iyo qurba joogta Soomaalida . Waxaa sidoo kale ku hadlo dad tiro yar oo ka soo jeeda qowmiyadaha tirada yar ee ku sugan agagaarkaas. Afka Soomaaliga ayaa ah kan labaad ee ugu wayn kushitiga marka laga reebo afka Oromada<ref name="s3">Saciid, John (1999). Soomaali . Amsterdam: John Benjaminamiiniyada.</ref>. Laga soo bilaabo [[2016]], waxaa jiray dad gaaraayo ku dhawaad ​​36.6 milyan oo qof oo ku hadla af soomaaliga, oo kala degan dhulka soomaali wayn, taas oo ku dhawaad ​​15 milyan ay ku noolyihiin Soomaaliya <ref>[[ethnologue:som|Somali, ]][[SIL International]]<span>, 2013</span></ref>. Afka waxaa ku hadla qiyaastii 95% dadka dalka deggan, iyo sidoo kale inta badan dadweynaha Jabuuti. Ka dib bilowgii Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya horaantii 1990meeyadii, qurbo-joogta ku hadasha Af-soomaaliga ayaa korortay, iyadoo bulshooyinka cusub ee ururada Soomaalida ay ka samaysmeen qaybo ka mid ah [[Bariga Dhexe]], [[Waqooyiga Ameerika]] iyo [[Yurub]] .<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/som Somali]</ref> ===Luqada rasmiga ah=== Dastuur ahaan, Af-Soomaaliga iyo Carabiga waa labada af ee rasmiga ka ah Soomaaliya<ref>[http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf The Federal Republic of Somalia - Provisional Constitution] {{Wayback|url=http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf |date=20130124010543 }}</ref>. Af soomaaliga waxay ahayd luuqad rasmi oo qoran tan iyo bishii Janaayo [[1973]], markii [[Golaha Kacaanka]] (SRC) uu ku dhawaaqay inay tahay luqadda koowaad ee maamulka iyo waxbarashada [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]] . Afka Soomaaliga ayaa markaas ka dib loo aas aasay inuu yahay luuqadda ugu weyn ee waxbarashada tacliinta ee foomamka 1 illaa 4 , ka dib shaqadii diyaarinta ee ay magacaabeen Guddiga Afka Soomaaliga ee ay dawladdu u magacowday. Markii dambe waxaa la ballaariyey in lagu daro dhammaan foomamka 12da ah [[1979]]. Sanadkii 1972, golahii kacaanka waxay qaadatay xuruuf [[Farta laatiinka|laatiini]] ah oo noqonaayo mid rasmi oo qaran oo badalaayo dhowr xuruuf oo markaa la adeegsan jiray. Sidoo kale, wargeyska maalinlaha ah ee ku hadla afka Talyaaniga ee Xiddigta Oktoobar ("Stella d'Ottobre") ayaa dhalasho ahaan loo bixiyay , oo loogu magac daray Xiddigta Oktoobar , waxayna bilaabeen daabacashada af Soomaaliga. Raadiyaha ee dawladdu maamusho ee [[Radio Muqdisho]] ayaa sidoo kale af soomaaliga ku baahinaayay tan iyo [[1943]]. Intaa waxaa dheer, shabakadaha dadweynaha ee gobolka raadiyaasha iyo tv'yada barnaamijyada ee sii daayaan oo ku baxo af soomaaliga. Afka Soomaaliga waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay inuu yahay luqadda rasmiga ah ee shaqada ee Deegaanka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya<ref name="Llicuv">[https://books.google.com/books?id=PNEiAQAAMAAJ Kizitus Mpoche, Tennu Mbuh, eds., Language, literature, and identity, 2006, Cuvillier]</ref>. In kasta oo aysan luqada ka ahayn af rasmi ah dalka Jabuuti, haddana waxay halkaas ka dhigtaa luqad qaran oo weyn. Afka Soomaaliga waxaa looga isticmaalaa telefishanka iyo idaacadaha raadiyaha<ref name="Ethndjib">[http://www.ethnologue.com/country/DJ/languages Ethnologue - Djibouti]</ref>, Raadiyaha ee dawladdu maamusho [[Raadiyo Jabuuti]] ayaa barnaamijyada iyo idaacadaha ku sii gudbinaayay luuqadda tan iyo 1943 iyo wixii ka dambeeyay. Hay'adda Warbaahinta Kenya ayaa iyadana ku hadasha Afka Soomaaliga gaar ahaan barnaamijyadooda Iftin FM. Afsoomali waxaa looga hadlaa Waqooyi Bari Kenya<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5g2xHqL7Eyo Afka Soomaaliga]</ref>. Afka Soomaaliga waxaa nidaaminaya [[Akademiyada Afka Soomaaliga ee Gobolka]] , oo ah hay'ad dawladeed oo laga asaasay magaalada [[Jabuuti]] bishii Juun [[2013]] , waxa ay wadaagaan dawladaha Jabuuti, Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya. Waxaa si rasmi ah loogu xilsaaray ilaalinta afka soomaaliga<ref name="Crslalid">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150121105039/http://www.comesaria.org/site/en/news_details.php?chaine=regional-somali-language-academy-launched-in-djibouti&id_news=17578&id_article=119. Regional Somali Language Academy Launched in Djibouti COMESA Regional Investment Agency, 28 February 2014, Nuqul Archive]</ref>. Laga soo bilaabo 2013, Afka Soomaaligu sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah luqadaha muuqda ee laga heli karo [[Google Translate]] .<ref name="Gtniel">[http://googletranslate.blogspot.co.uk/2013/12/google-translate-now-in-80-languages.html Google Translate - now in 80 languages, Google Translate, 10 December 2013]</ref> ==Lahjadaha af Soomaaliga== Afka soomaaliga wuxuu u kala baxaa labo qeybood oo waaweyn: [[Af maxaatiri]] iyo [[Af maay]]. Afka woqooyiga soomaaliga ama af maxaa tiri<ref name="Lamberti">[https://web.archive.org/web/20171011132341/http://dspace-roma3.caspur.it/bitstream/2307/3034/1/Map%20of%20the%20Somali%20Dialects%20in%20the%20Somali%20Democratic%20Republic.pdf Map of Somali dialects in the Somalia Democratic Republic, Lamberti Marcello, 1986, H. Buske]</ref>waa af Halbeega Soomaaliyeed ee cilmiga iyo culuunta lagu barto ahna kan qoran. waxay aas aaska u noqotaa heerka Soomaaliga. Waxaa ku hadla in ka badan 85% bulshada soomalida oo dhan, gaar ahaan deegaanada Jabuuti , Waqooyiga Soomaaliya, Deegaanka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya , Waqooyi Bari Kenya iyo meelo badan oo Soomaaliya ka mid ah<ref name="Mwv2">[https://books.google.com/?id=JQlJAQAAIAAJ Mundus, Volumes 23-24 Wissenschaftliche Verl. 1987]</ref>. Lahjada Maay waxaa looga hadlaa inta badan koonfurta soomaaliya qoraalkiisuna weli si rasmi ah layskuguma raacin. == Qoristii Far Soomaaliga == [[Far Soomaali]]ga waxaa la qoray Sanadkii 1972-kii. Af soomaaliga waxa lagu qoraa xuruufta laatiinka ka dib 11 sano markii la magacaabay guddigii Af Soomaaliga sanadkii 1961. Dood dheer ka dib, guddigu wuu talo gafay. Dowladii Kacaanka ayaa dib boorka uga jaftay guddiga waxaana muddo 2 sano ah lagu hirgeliay qorista iyo barashada Af Soomaaliga. 18 nooc oo far Soomaali loo damacsanayaa ayaa waxaa soo bandhigay af yaqaano kala duwan. Guddigii Af Soomaaliga ee shaqaynayay 1961 ilaa 1972 ayaa doortay fartii afyaqaan Shire Jaamac Axmed i taas oo horay uu ugu tijaabiyay buugaag, biirayaal bille ah sida "Iftiinka Aqoonta" iyada ay jireen tartan balaaran oo dhanka xaruufta Carabiga ah maadama Soomaalidu Quraanka ku barato Alif, Ba. Xaruufta Laatiinka waxaa loo door biday arimo dhaqaale, qalabkii wadanka yiil iyo asbaabo kale. == Olalihii Horumarinta Reer Miyiga iyo Qoristii Far Soomaaliga. == Olalihii Horumarinta Reer Miyiga ayaa lagu balaariyay tirada bulshada ee taqaan qorista iyo akhrinta Af Soomaaliga. Barnaamijyo kumanaan saacadood oo ka baxay idaahadaha Radio Hargaisa iyo Radio Mogadishu iyo barayaal 20,000 (labaatan kun) oo ay ku jiraan ardaydii dugsiyada sare ayaa u howl galay in aqoonta aas aaska ee bulshada laga qaado 2% lana gaarsiiyay 55% mar ay UNESCO baaris ku samaysay isbadalka uu ummada gaarsiiyay Ole Olihii Horumarinta Reer Miyiga. Wakaalada Madbacada Qaranka, Tiyaatarka, Wakaalada Filimida iyo wasaarado badan ayaa ka qayb qaatay barnaamijka qorista iyo horumarinta Af Soomaaliga<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120228194910/http://www.baardheerepolytechnic.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12&Itemid=12 Bardera Polytechnic Languages Department Nuqul Archive]</ref> . Af soomaaligu waa af ka kooban erayo,tiraab iyo hawraar soomali ah oo ay kol kolka qaarkood ku darsamaan erayo carabi ama ingriisi ahi. Af Soomaligu waa luqadda ugu fudud qoraal ahaan iyo codeynba hase ahaatee ku hadliddeedu way adagtahay, kolka la barbardhigo afafka udunka qaar ka mida. == Far Soomaali == Qoriddii Af-soomaaliga waxa ka qayb qaatay Aqoonyahanno [[Soomaali]]yeed oo aad u fara badan. Xarfaha higgaadda Af-soomaaligu waa Shaqal 5 xaraf ka kooban iyo Shibbane 21 xaraf ah. Shibbane oo kala ah: * B T J X KH D R S SH DH C G F Q K L M N W H Y ama b t j x kh d r s sh dh c g f q k l m n w h y Shaqal oo kala ah - Shaqal gaab: * A E I O U ama a e i o u Shaqal dheer: * AA EE II OO UU ama aa ee ii oo uu <ref>hab qorka</ref> Afka Soomaaliga marka laga fiiriyo falalka waxay ku dhamaadaan, ayadoo loo eegayo amar ahaan waxa uu ku dhamaado ayaa waxaa suura gal ah in aay ku dhamaadaan kuwo kale sida fal amar ah oo ku dhamaado "o" da waxaa lagu bedelayaa "A" waxaana la raacshaa "SHO". Tusaale: baxsasho(baxso), dhimo(dhimasho), seexo(seexasho), fadhiiso(fadhiisasho). Sida la mooda waxaa kale oo jira falal ku dhamaada "N", kaa oo amar haan marka aan ka soo qaadno uu ku idlaado "Y" ama "I". Tusaale: xooji(xoojin), sii(siin), beer darey(beer dareyn). Waxaa laga reebaa kuwoo amar ahaan ku dhammaada "OOW", laakiin isu bedesho "AANSHO". Sida: jecloow(jeclaansho), ogoloow(ogolaansho). Hadii la fiirayo, meelaha ugu fudud waa tirooyinka: * 1 Kow = Koowaad * 2 Labo = Labaad * 3 Saddex = Saddexaad * 4 Afar = Afaraad * 5 Shan = Shanaad * 6 Lix = Lixaad * 7 Todobo = Todobaad * 8 Sideed = Sideedaad * 9 Sagaal = Sagaalaad * 10 Toban = Tobanaad * 20 Labaatan = Labaatanaad * 30 Sodon = Sodonaad * 40 Afartan = Afartanaad * 50 Konton = Kontonaad * 60 Lexdan = Lexdanaad * 70 Todbaatan = Todbaatanaad * 80 Sideetan = Sideetanad * 90 Sagaashan = Sagaashanaad * 100 Boqol * 1000 Kun * 1000000 Milyan Waxaa kale oo aan wax ka sheegi karnaa tilmaameyaasha. Ka soo qaad: kan (kaas), tan (taas), kuwan (kuwaas). Sidoo kale kama maaranno waxyaabaha aan albaab ahaan u balaqeyno ''(this is a pen)'' in aan u fasirno afkeena sidii la doono ayadoon ahayn(kan qalin waaye/kan waa qalin) * This = kan * Is = waaye/waa * Pen = qalin Laakiin (my pen) sideen u isticmaali karaa ma(kan qalin)baa? Jawaabtu waa may ee waa lays daba mariyaa (qalin + kan) * Aniga - kayga (qalinkan (this pen) waa (is) kayga (mine)) * Adiga - kaaga * Isaga - kiisa * Iyada - keeda * Anaga - keena * Idinka - kiina * Iyaga - kooda * Inaga - keena == Tirada [[Dad]]ka ku hadla Af-Soomaaliga == * Tirada dhabta ee dadka ku hadla Af-soomaaliga lama yaqaan, waxaase lagu qiyaasaa ilaa 19.65 Milyan oo qof kuwaas oo ku kala firarsan Caalamka, waxaana kaloo jira aragtiyo kale oo gaarsiiya ilaa 25 Milyan oo qof. {| class="wikitable" ! Français || Af-Soomaali || Italiano || Carabi |-- | terre || [[dhulka]]|| terra || ارض |-- | ciel || [[cir]]ka|| cielo || سماء |-- | eau || [[biyo]]|| acqua || ماء |-- | gens ||[[dad]]|| popolo || الناس |-- | garçon ||[[lab]]|| maschio || ذكر |-- | fille ||[[naag]]|| femmine || الإناث |-- | homme ||[[nin]]|| uomo || رجل |-- | femmes || [[dumar]]||donne || نساء |-- | manger ||[[cun]]|| mangiare || أكل |-- | je mange ||[[waan cunayaa]]|| io mangio || أنا آكل |-- | boire || [[cab]]|| bevi || شرب |-- | je bois || [[waan cabayaa]]|| io bevo || أشرب |-- | grand || [[wayn]]|| grande || عظيم |-- | petit || [[yar]]|| piccolo || صغير |-- | nuit || [[habeen]]|| sera/notte || ليل |- | jour || [[maalin]]|| giorno || يوم |} == Meelaha lagaga hadlo == * [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] [[Soomaaliya]]. * [[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|25px]] [[Jabuuti]]. * [[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|25px]] [[Somaliland]] * [[File:North Eastern State of Somalia.jpg|25px]] [[Waqooyibari]] * [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|25px]] [[Kiinya]]. * [[File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|25px]] [[Itoobiya]]. * [[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|25px]] [[Yamen]]. *[[Ingiriiska]] iyo sidoo kale waddamada caalamka oo dhan, afka soomaaliga waxaa kale oo ku hadlo dad badan oo asal ahaan soomaali eheen, qaarkood weeba ku heesaan. ''' somali - english - turkish aniga - I - ben adiga - you - sen isaga - he - o iyada - she - o anaga - we - biz adinka - you - siz iyaga - they - onlar. qaybaha falalka(ficilada) soomaaaliga: kuwo ku dhamaado ..-id,..-asho,..-aansho,..-n sida afka soomaaliga hadaan tusaalooyin ka bixino: '''fal dhacay''' (aniga == Sidoo kale fiiri == * [[Soomaali luqadda dhegoolaha]] * [[Farta laatiinka]] * [[Farta Cismaaniya]] * [[Lahjadaha looga hadlo Soomaaliya]] ==Tixraac== [[Category:Afafka]] bxwamk3bqc8m70m0ivmdk67k3jb05mk 301609 301606 2026-07-11T09:11:20Z Ibnumustaf 45049 Fixed typo 301609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-protected|small=yes}} {{Macluumaad luqadda |name=Soomaaliya |nativename={{lang|so|Af-Soomaali}}<br />{{lang|ar|اللغة الصومالية}} |states=[[Soomaaliya]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Kiinya]], [[Itoobiya]] |speakers = 34 milyan {{increase}} |date = 2019 |ref = <ref>[[Nationalencyklopedin]] "Världens 100 största språk 2007" The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007</ref> |familycolor=Afro-Asiatic |fam2=[[Luqadaha Kushiitiga|Kushiitik]] |fam3=[[Geeska Afrika|Bariga Deegaanad Hoose]] |fam4=[[Soomaali|Somali-Weyn]] |fam5=[[Af-soomaali]] |nation={{flagcountry|Soomaaliya}}<br />({{flagcountry|Soomaaliland}} / {{flagcountry|Waqooyibari}})<br />{{Flagcountry|Djibouti}} |iso1=so |iso2=som |iso3=som |script=[[Far Soomaali|Latin]] (Rasmi), [[Farta Carabiga]], [[Farta Cismaaniya]], [[Farta Borama|Borama]], [[kadariya]] |map= |mapcaption=Meelaha la gaga hadlo Soomaaliga |notice=IPA }} {{dhaqanka soomaaliya}} '''Af-Soomaali''' waa luqad [[Afro-Aasiyatik]] ah oo ay leedahay laanta [[Kushiitik]] . Waxay afka hooyo u tahay [[Soomaalida]] ku nool dhulka [[Soomaaliweyn]] iyo qurbo joogta Soomaaliyeed. Afka Soomaaliga waa afka rasmiga ee [[Soomaaliya]]<ref>[http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Somaliland_Constitution_Text_only_Eng_IJSLL.pdf Constitution of the Republic of Somaliland, November 10, 2019]</ref> , luqadda qaranka [[Jabuuti]] , iyo luqad ka shaqeeysa gobolka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Soomaalida Itoobiya]] iyo sidoo kale [[Woqooyi Bari, Kiinya|Waqooyi Bari Kenya]]. Afka Soomaaliga wuxuu si rasmi ah ugu qoran yahay xarfaha [[Laatiin]]ka. [[File:R.publication Somali language.jpg|thumb|660px|Daabacadaha Af-Soomaaliga<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/ Buugag iyo Qormo Dhigashada…]</ref>]] ==Kala sooca== Afka Soomaaliga waxaa lagu kala soocay gudaha kushitiga ee laanta Afro aasiyatiga; gaar ahaan, Dhulka bariga hoose ee kushitik oo ay weheliso [[Af-Cafari|canfarta]] iyo [[Af saho|Saho]]. Af-Soomaaligu waa luuqadda Kushiitiga ee si fiican loo diiwaangeliyay<ref>Lewis, I. (1998). Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho. Red Sea Press|1998|</ref>, oo leh daraasado aqooneed oo afka ah oo ku qootoma dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19aad. == Juquraafiga == Afka Soomaaliga waxaa ku hadla Soomaalida ku nool dalka Soomaaliya , Jabuuti , Itoobiya , Yemen , Kenya , iyo qurba joogta Soomaalida . Waxaa sidoo kale ku hadlo dad tiro yar oo ka soo jeeda qowmiyadaha tirada yar ee ku sugan agagaarkaas. Afka Soomaaliga ayaa ah kan labaad ee ugu wayn kushitiga marka laga reebo afka Oromada<ref name="s3">Saciid, John (1999). Soomaali . Amsterdam: John Benjaminamiiniyada.</ref>. Laga soo bilaabo [[2016]], waxaa jiray dad gaaraayo ku dhawaad ​​36.6 milyan oo qof oo ku hadla af soomaaliga, oo kala degan dhulka soomaali wayn, taas oo ku dhawaad ​​15 milyan ay ku noolyihiin Soomaaliya <ref>[[ethnologue:som|Somali, ]][[SIL International]]<span>, 2013</span></ref>. Afka waxaa ku hadla qiyaastii 95% dadka dalka deggan, iyo sidoo kale inta badan dadweynaha Jabuuti. Ka dib bilowgii Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya horaantii 1990meeyadii, qurbo-joogta ku hadasha Af-soomaaliga ayaa korortay, iyadoo bulshooyinka cusub ee ururada Soomaalida ay ka samaysmeen qaybo ka mid ah [[Bariga Dhexe]], [[Waqooyiga Ameerika]] iyo [[Yurub]] .<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/som Somali]</ref> ===Luqada rasmiga ah=== Dastuur ahaan, Af-Soomaaliga iyo Carabiga waa labada af ee rasmiga ka ah Soomaaliya<ref>[http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf The Federal Republic of Somalia - Provisional Constitution] {{Wayback|url=http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf |date=20130124010543 }}</ref>. Af soomaaliga waxay ahayd luuqad rasmi oo qaran tan iyo bishii Janaayo [[1973]], markii [[Golaha Kacaanka]] (SRC) uu ku dhawaaqay inay tahay luqadda koowaad ee maamulka iyo waxbarashada [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya]] . Afka Soomaaliga ayaa markaas ka dib loo aas aasay inuu yahay luuqadda ugu weyn ee waxbarashada tacliinta ee foomamka 1 illaa 4 , ka dib shaqadii diyaarinta ee ay magacaabeen Guddiga Afka Soomaaliga ee ay dawladdu u magacowday. Markii dambe waxaa la ballaariyey in lagu daro dhammaan foomamka 12da ah [[1979]]. Sanadkii 1972, golahii kacaanka waxay qaadatay xuruuf [[Farta laatiinka|laatiini]] ah oo noqonaayo mid rasmi oo qaran oo badalaayo dhowr xuruuf oo markaa la adeegsan jiray. Sidoo kale, wargeyska maalinlaha ah ee ku hadla afka Talyaaniga ee Xiddigta Oktoobar ("Stella d'Ottobre") ayaa dhalasho ahaan loo bixiyay , oo loogu magac daray Xiddigta Oktoobar , waxayna bilaabeen daabacashada af Soomaaliga. Raadiyaha ee dawladdu maamusho ee [[Radio Muqdisho]] ayaa sidoo kale af soomaaliga ku baahinaayay tan iyo [[1943]]. Intaa waxaa dheer, shabakadaha dadweynaha ee gobolka raadiyaasha iyo tv'yada barnaamijyada ee sii daayaan oo ku baxo af soomaaliga. Afka Soomaaliga waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay inuu yahay luqadda rasmiga ah ee shaqada ee Deegaanka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya<ref name="Llicuv">[https://books.google.com/books?id=PNEiAQAAMAAJ Kizitus Mpoche, Tennu Mbuh, eds., Language, literature, and identity, 2006, Cuvillier]</ref>. In kasta oo aysan luqada ka ahayn af rasmi ah dalka Jabuuti, haddana waxay halkaas ka dhigtaa luqad qaran oo weyn. Afka Soomaaliga waxaa looga isticmaalaa telefishanka iyo idaacadaha raadiyaha<ref name="Ethndjib">[http://www.ethnologue.com/country/DJ/languages Ethnologue - Djibouti]</ref>, Raadiyaha ee dawladdu maamusho [[Raadiyo Jabuuti]] ayaa barnaamijyada iyo idaacadaha ku sii gudbinaayay luuqadda tan iyo 1943 iyo wixii ka dambeeyay. Hay'adda Warbaahinta Kenya ayaa iyadana ku hadasha Afka Soomaaliga gaar ahaan barnaamijyadooda Iftin FM. Afsoomali waxaa looga hadlaa Waqooyi Bari Kenya<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5g2xHqL7Eyo Afka Soomaaliga]</ref>. Afka Soomaaliga waxaa nidaaminaya [[Akademiyada Afka Soomaaliga ee Gobolka]] , oo ah hay'ad dawladeed oo laga asaasay magaalada [[Jabuuti]] bishii Juun [[2013]] , waxa ay wadaagaan dawladaha Jabuuti, Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya. Waxaa si rasmi ah loogu xilsaaray ilaalinta afka soomaaliga<ref name="Crslalid">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150121105039/http://www.comesaria.org/site/en/news_details.php?chaine=regional-somali-language-academy-launched-in-djibouti&id_news=17578&id_article=119. Regional Somali Language Academy Launched in Djibouti COMESA Regional Investment Agency, 28 February 2014, Nuqul Archive]</ref>. Laga soo bilaabo 2013, Afka Soomaaligu sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah luqadaha muuqda ee laga heli karo [[Google Translate]] .<ref name="Gtniel">[http://googletranslate.blogspot.co.uk/2013/12/google-translate-now-in-80-languages.html Google Translate - now in 80 languages, Google Translate, 10 December 2013]</ref> ==Lahjadaha af Soomaaliga== Afka soomaaliga wuxuu u kala baxaa labo qeybood oo waaweyn: [[Af maxaatiri]] iyo [[Af maay]]. Afka woqooyiga soomaaliga ama af maxaa tiri<ref name="Lamberti">[https://web.archive.org/web/20171011132341/http://dspace-roma3.caspur.it/bitstream/2307/3034/1/Map%20of%20the%20Somali%20Dialects%20in%20the%20Somali%20Democratic%20Republic.pdf Map of Somali dialects in the Somalia Democratic Republic, Lamberti Marcello, 1986, H. Buske]</ref>waa af Halbeega Soomaaliyeed ee cilmiga iyo culuunta lagu barto ahna kan qoran. waxay aas aaska u noqotaa heerka Soomaaliga. Waxaa ku hadla in ka badan 85% bulshada soomalida oo dhan, gaar ahaan deegaanada Jabuuti , Waqooyiga Soomaaliya, Deegaanka Soomaalida ee Itoobiya , Waqooyi Bari Kenya iyo meelo badan oo Soomaaliya ka mid ah<ref name="Mwv2">[https://books.google.com/?id=JQlJAQAAIAAJ Mundus, Volumes 23-24 Wissenschaftliche Verl. 1987]</ref>. Lahjada Maay waxaa looga hadlaa inta badan koonfurta soomaaliya qoraalkiisuna weli si rasmi ah layskuguma raacin. == Qoristii Far Soomaaliga == [[Far Soomaali]]ga waxaa la qoray Sanadkii 1972-kii. Af soomaaliga waxa lagu qoraa xuruufta laatiinka ka dib 11 sano markii la magacaabay guddigii Af Soomaaliga sanadkii 1961. Dood dheer ka dib, guddigu wuu talo gafay. Dowladii Kacaanka ayaa dib boorka uga jaftay guddiga waxaana muddo 2 sano ah lagu hirgeliay qorista iyo barashada Af Soomaaliga. 18 nooc oo far Soomaali loo damacsanayaa ayaa waxaa soo bandhigay af yaqaano kala duwan. Guddigii Af Soomaaliga ee shaqaynayay 1961 ilaa 1972 ayaa doortay fartii afyaqaan Shire Jaamac Axmed i taas oo horay uu ugu tijaabiyay buugaag, biirayaal bille ah sida "Iftiinka Aqoonta" iyada ay jireen tartan balaaran oo dhanka xaruufta Carabiga ah maadama Soomaalidu Quraanka ku barato Alif, Ba. Xaruufta Laatiinka waxaa loo door biday arimo dhaqaale, qalabkii wadanka yiil iyo asbaabo kale. == Olalihii Horumarinta Reer Miyiga iyo Qoristii Far Soomaaliga. == Olalihii Horumarinta Reer Miyiga ayaa lagu balaariyay tirada bulshada ee taqaan qorista iyo akhrinta Af Soomaaliga. Barnaamijyo kumanaan saacadood oo ka baxay idaahadaha Radio Hargaisa iyo Radio Mogadishu iyo barayaal 20,000 (labaatan kun) oo ay ku jiraan ardaydii dugsiyada sare ayaa u howl galay in aqoonta aas aaska ee bulshada laga qaado 2% lana gaarsiiyay 55% mar ay UNESCO baaris ku samaysay isbadalka uu ummada gaarsiiyay Ole Olihii Horumarinta Reer Miyiga. Wakaalada Madbacada Qaranka, Tiyaatarka, Wakaalada Filimida iyo wasaarado badan ayaa ka qayb qaatay barnaamijka qorista iyo horumarinta Af Soomaaliga<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120228194910/http://www.baardheerepolytechnic.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12&Itemid=12 Bardera Polytechnic Languages Department Nuqul Archive]</ref> . Af soomaaligu waa af ka kooban erayo,tiraab iyo hawraar soomali ah oo ay kol kolka qaarkood ku darsamaan erayo carabi ama ingriisi ahi. Af Soomaligu waa luqadda ugu fudud qoraal ahaan iyo codeynba hase ahaatee ku hadliddeedu way adagtahay, kolka la barbardhigo afafka udunka qaar ka mida. == Far Soomaali == Qoriddii Af-soomaaliga waxa ka qayb qaatay Aqoonyahanno [[Soomaali]]yeed oo aad u fara badan. Xarfaha higgaadda Af-soomaaligu waa Shaqal 5 xaraf ka kooban iyo Shibbane 21 xaraf ah. Shibbane oo kala ah: * B T J X KH D R S SH DH C G F Q K L M N W H Y ama b t j x kh d r s sh dh c g f q k l m n w h y Shaqal oo kala ah - Shaqal gaab: * A E I O U ama a e i o u Shaqal dheer: * AA EE II OO UU ama aa ee ii oo uu <ref>hab qorka</ref> Afka Soomaaliga marka laga fiiriyo falalka waxay ku dhamaadaan, ayadoo loo eegayo amar ahaan waxa uu ku dhamaado ayaa waxaa suura gal ah in aay ku dhamaadaan kuwo kale sida fal amar ah oo ku dhamaado "o" da waxaa lagu bedelayaa "A" waxaana la raacshaa "SHO". Tusaale: baxsasho(baxso), dhimo(dhimasho), seexo(seexasho), fadhiiso(fadhiisasho). Sida la mooda waxaa kale oo jira falal ku dhamaada "N", kaa oo amar haan marka aan ka soo qaadno uu ku idlaado "Y" ama "I". Tusaale: xooji(xoojin), sii(siin), beer darey(beer dareyn). Waxaa laga reebaa kuwoo amar ahaan ku dhammaada "OOW", laakiin isu bedesho "AANSHO". Sida: jecloow(jeclaansho), ogoloow(ogolaansho). Hadii la fiirayo, meelaha ugu fudud waa tirooyinka: * 1 Kow = Koowaad * 2 Labo = Labaad * 3 Saddex = Saddexaad * 4 Afar = Afaraad * 5 Shan = Shanaad * 6 Lix = Lixaad * 7 Todobo = Todobaad * 8 Sideed = Sideedaad * 9 Sagaal = Sagaalaad * 10 Toban = Tobanaad * 20 Labaatan = Labaatanaad * 30 Sodon = Sodonaad * 40 Afartan = Afartanaad * 50 Konton = Kontonaad * 60 Lexdan = Lexdanaad * 70 Todbaatan = Todbaatanaad * 80 Sideetan = Sideetanad * 90 Sagaashan = Sagaashanaad * 100 Boqol * 1000 Kun * 1000000 Milyan Waxaa kale oo aan wax ka sheegi karnaa tilmaameyaasha. Ka soo qaad: kan (kaas), tan (taas), kuwan (kuwaas). Sidoo kale kama maaranno waxyaabaha aan albaab ahaan u balaqeyno ''(this is a pen)'' in aan u fasirno afkeena sidii la doono ayadoon ahayn(kan qalin waaye/kan waa qalin) * This = kan * Is = waaye/waa * Pen = qalin Laakiin (my pen) sideen u isticmaali karaa ma(kan qalin)baa? Jawaabtu waa may ee waa lays daba mariyaa (qalin + kan) * Aniga - kayga (qalinkan (this pen) waa (is) kayga (mine)) * Adiga - kaaga * Isaga - kiisa * Iyada - keeda * Anaga - keena * Idinka - kiina * Iyaga - kooda * Inaga - keena == Tirada [[Dad]]ka ku hadla Af-Soomaaliga == * Tirada dhabta ee dadka ku hadla Af-soomaaliga lama yaqaan, waxaase lagu qiyaasaa ilaa 19.65 Milyan oo qof kuwaas oo ku kala firarsan Caalamka, waxaana kaloo jira aragtiyo kale oo gaarsiiya ilaa 25 Milyan oo qof. {| class="wikitable" ! Français || Af-Soomaali || Italiano || Carabi |-- | terre || [[dhulka]]|| terra || ارض |-- | ciel || [[cir]]ka|| cielo || سماء |-- | eau || [[biyo]]|| acqua || ماء |-- | gens ||[[dad]]|| popolo || الناس |-- | garçon ||[[lab]]|| maschio || ذكر |-- | fille ||[[naag]]|| femmine || الإناث |-- | homme ||[[nin]]|| uomo || رجل |-- | femmes || [[dumar]]||donne || نساء |-- | manger ||[[cun]]|| mangiare || أكل |-- | je mange ||[[waan cunayaa]]|| io mangio || أنا آكل |-- | boire || [[cab]]|| bevi || شرب |-- | je bois || [[waan cabayaa]]|| io bevo || أشرب |-- | grand || [[wayn]]|| grande || عظيم |-- | petit || [[yar]]|| piccolo || صغير |-- | nuit || [[habeen]]|| sera/notte || ليل |- | jour || [[maalin]]|| giorno || يوم |} == Meelaha lagaga hadlo == * [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] [[Soomaaliya]]. * [[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|25px]] [[Jabuuti]]. * [[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|25px]] [[Somaliland]] * [[File:North Eastern State of Somalia.jpg|25px]] [[Waqooyibari]] * [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|25px]] [[Kiinya]]. * [[File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|25px]] [[Itoobiya]]. * [[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|25px]] [[Yamen]]. *[[Ingiriiska]] iyo sidoo kale waddamada caalamka oo dhan, afka soomaaliga waxaa kale oo ku hadlo dad badan oo asal ahaan soomaali eheen, qaarkood weeba ku heesaan. ''' somali - english - turkish aniga - I - ben adiga - you - sen isaga - he - o iyada - she - o anaga - we - biz adinka - you - siz iyaga - they - onlar. qaybaha falalka(ficilada) soomaaaliga: kuwo ku dhamaado ..-id,..-asho,..-aansho,..-n sida afka soomaaliga hadaan tusaalooyin ka bixino: '''fal dhacay''' (aniga == Sidoo kale fiiri == * [[Soomaali luqadda dhegoolaha]] * [[Farta laatiinka]] * [[Farta Cismaaniya]] * [[Lahjadaha looga hadlo Soomaaliya]] ==Tixraac== [[Category:Afafka]] qxmt1m24gg1ay7t98l0cqlpc7k09aur 0 3712 301526 301055 2026-07-10T21:24:52Z Videoiib7 46243 301526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Senegaal | native_name = {{native name|fr|République du Sénégal}} | common_name = Senegal | image_flag = Flag of Senegal.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Senegal (official version).svg | image_map = Senegal (orthographic projection).svg | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=dark green}} | image_map2 = | national_motto = {{native phrase|fr|"Un peuple, un but, une foi"|nolink=yes}}<br/>{{native phrase|wo|"Benn Askan, Benn Jubluwaay, Benn Pas-Pas"|nolink=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Raaya ak bàkku Senegaal |trans-title=Calanka iyo halku-dhigga Senegal|url=https://www.presidence.sn/wo/presidence/le-drapeau-et-la-devise-du-senegal |lang=wo |publisher=[[President of Senegal|Presidency of Senegal]]}}</ref><br/>({{langx|en|"Hal Shacab, Hal Hadaf, Hal Caqiido"}}) | national_anthem = {{lang|fr|[[Le Lion rouge]]}}<br />({{langx|en|"Libaaxa Cas"}}){{parabr}}{{center|[[File:National Anthem of Senegal.ogg]]}} | official_languages = [[Af-Faransiis|Faransiis]] | languages_type = [[Aqoonta luqadda|Luqadaha qaranka]] | languages = {{hlist|[[Af-Wolof|Wolof]]{{Efn|name=WolofStatus|Xogta laga helay Xarunta Daraasaadka Afrika ee Jaamacadda Pennsylvania waxay qiyaasaysaa in qiyaastii 90% dadka u dhashay Senegal ay fahmaan ama ku hadlaan Wolof ahaan luqaddooda koowaad ama labaad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Studies Center{{!}} African Languages at Penn |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/afl/alwolof.htm |access-date=20 March 2023 |website=Center for African Studies at [[University of Pennsylvania]] |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129152750/https://www.africa.upenn.edu/afl/alwolof.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>}}|[[Af-Serer|Serer]]|[[Af-Diola|Diola]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Falola |first=Toyin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3fhADwAAQBAJ&dq=Arabic+Status+in+Senegal&pg=PT190 |title=Africanizing Knowledge: African Studies Across the Disciplines |date=30 November 2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-32438-0 |pages=190 |language=en}}</ref>|[[Af-Pulaar|Pulaar]]|[[Af-Soninke|Soninke]]|[[Af-Mandinka|Mandinka]]{{Efn|name=SenegalNationalLangs|Qodobka 1-aad ee Dastuurka Senegal ee 2001, kaas oo dhigaya in luqadaha qaranka ay yihiin Diola, Malinké, Pular, Sérère, Soninké iyo Wolof.<ref name="Languages">{{Cite web |title=Senegal's Constitution of 2001 with Amendments through 2016 |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Senegal_2016.pdf?lang=en |website=Constitute Project |language=en |access-date=20 March 2023 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410075501/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Senegal_2016.pdf?lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref>}}}} | ethnic_groups = {{ubl| 39.7% [[Wolof (qoomiyad)|Wolof]] |27.5% [[Fula (qoomiyad)|Fula]] |16.0% [[Serer (qoomiyad)|Serer]] |4.9% [[Mandinka (qoomiyad)|Mandinka]] |4.2% [[Jola (qoomiyad)|Jola]] |2.4% [[Soninke (qoomiyad)|Soninke]] |5.4% [[Qoomiyadaha kale ee Senegal|kuwa kale]]}} | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="CIA Factbook">{{cite web |title=Senegal |date=23 August 2022 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/senegal/ |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |access-date=23 January 2024 |archive-date=4 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204143936/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/senegal/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2019 | religion = {{ubl | 89% [[Islaamka Senegal|Islaam]] | 10% [[Masiixiyad]] | 1% [[Diimaha Dhaqanka ee Afrika|Diimaha dhaqanka]]}} | religion_year = 2024 | religion_ref = <ref name="Pew Research">{{Cite web |title=Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life / Islam and Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/sub-saharan-africa-chapter-1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250518203729/https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/sub-saharan-africa-chapter-1.pdf |archive-date=May 18, 2025 |website=Pew Research}}</ref> | demonym = Senegalese | capital = [[Dakar]] | coordinates = {{Coord|14|40|N|17|25|W|type:city}} | largest_city = caasimadda | government_type = Jamhuuriyad [[Nidaamka nus-madaxweynaha|nus-madaxweyne]] oo midaysan | leader_title1 = [[Liiska Madaxweynayaasha Senegal|Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = [[Bassirou Diomaye Faye]] | leader_title2 = [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Senegal|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | leader_name2 = [[Ahmadou Al Aminou Lo]] | leader_title3 = [[Guddoomiyaha Golaha Shacabka ee Senegal|Guddoomiyaha Golaha Shacabka]] | leader_name3 = [[Ousmane Sonko]] | legislature = [[Golaha Shacabka (Senegal)|Golaha Shacabka]] | area_rank = 86aad | area_km2 = 196,722<ref name="CIA Factbook"/> | area_sq_mi = 75,955 | percent_water = 2.1 | population_estimate = {{Increase}} 18,847,519<ref name="CIA Factbook"/> | population_estimate_year = 2024 | population_estimate_rank = 68aad | population_census_rank = | population_census = | population_census_year = | population_density_km2 = {{density|18,847,519|196,722}} | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $105.428 bilyan<ref name="IMFWEO.SN">{{cite web |url= https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=722,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2023&ey=2030&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 Edition. (Senegal) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=10 April 2025 |access-date=9 August 2025}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 100aad | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase }} $5,498 <ref name="IMFWEO.SN" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 150aad | GDP_nominal_rank = 103aad | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $34.728 bilyan<ref name="IMFWEO.SN" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase }} $1,811<ref name="IMFWEO.SN" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 154aad | established_event1 = Isbeddelka Jamhuuriyadda | established_date1 = 25 Noofambar 1958 | sovereignty_type = [[Taariikhda Senegal|Madax-bannaanida]] | established_event2 = Madax-bannaanida Faransiiska{{efn|Iyada iyo [[Suudaanta Faransiiska]], oo ahaa [[Xiriirka Mali]].}} | established_date2 = 20 Juun 1960 | established_event3 = Ka bixitaankii<br />[[Xiriirka Mali]] | established_date3 = 20 Agoosto 1960 | established_event4 = Kala diristii [[Xiriirka Senegambia]] | established_date4 = 30 Sebtembar 1989 | established_event5 = | established_date5 = | established_event6 = | established_date6 = | Gini_year = 2011 | Gini_change = | Gini = 40.3 | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |access-date=2 March 2011 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225120531/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/%20 |url-status=live }}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.530 | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = kordhay | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 169aad | currency = [[CFA franc-ka Galbeedka Afrika]] | currency_code = XOF | country_code = | utc_offset = ±00:00 | time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | calling_code = [[+221]] | cctld = [[.sn]] | flag_p1 = Flag of Mali (1959–1961).svg | today = }} '''Senegaal''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Senegal.ogg|ˌ|s|ɛ|n|ə|ˈ|ɡ|ɔː|l|,_|-|ˈ|ɡ|ɑː|l}};<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Senegal |title=Definition of Senegal |publisher=The Free Dictionary |access-date=6 November 2013 |archive-date=23 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523052551/https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Senegal |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Senegal |title=Define Senegal |dictionary=Dictionary.com |access-date=6 November 2013 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304225517/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/senegal |url-status=live }}</ref> {{langx|fr|Sénégal}} {{ipa|fr|seneɡal|}}}} si rasmi ahna loo yiraahdo '''Jamhuuriyadda Senegaal''',{{efn|{{langx|fr|link=no|République du Sénégal}} {{ipa|fr|ʁepyblik dy seneɡal|}}}} waa dalka ugu galbeedsan dhul-waynaha [[Galbeedka Afrika]], wuxuuna ku yaal xeebta [[Badweynta Atlaantik-ga]]. Waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Mauretania]] xagga [[Xuduudda Mauretania–Senegal|waqooyiga]], [[Mali]] xagga [[Xuduudda Mali–Senegal|bari]], [[Gini]] xagga [[Xuduudda Gini–Senegal|koonfur-bari]] iyo [[Gini-Bisaau]] xagga [[Xuduudda Gini-Bisaau–Senegal|koonfur-galbeed]]. Senegal waxay ku dhowdahay inay gebi ahaanba ku hareeraysato dalka [[Gambiya]], oo ah dal fadhiya dhul cariiri ah oo ku teedsan daanta [[Webiga Gambiya]], kaas oo kala sooca gobolka koonfureed ee Senegal ee [[Casamance]] iyo dalka intiisa kale.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2018 |title=Which Countries Border The Gambia? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-countries-border-the-gambia.html |access-date=19 September 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |archive-date=25 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925074027/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-countries-border-the-gambia.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Why is The Gambia Surrounded by Senegal? |url=https://www.trazeetravel.com/why-is-the-gambia-surrounded-by-senegal/ |access-date=19 September 2023 |website=Trazee Travel |language=en-US |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003032201/https://www.trazeetravel.com/why-is-the-gambia-surrounded-by-senegal/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Waxay sidoo kale xuduud badeed la wadaagtaa [[Cape Verde]]. Caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn Senegal waa [[Dakar]]. Senegal waa dalka ugu xagga galbeed ee dhul-waynaha [[Dunidii Hore]], ama [[Afro-Eurasia]].<ref>Janet H. Gritzner, Charles F. Gritzner&nbsp;– 2009, Senegal&nbsp;– Page 8</ref> Magaceeda waxay ka heshay [[Webiga Senegal]], oo xuduud u ah dhanka waqooyi iyo bari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=culturetrip |date=31 May 2018 |title=The Real Story Behind Senegal's Name |url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/ |access-date=19 September 2023 |website=Culture Trip |archive-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206024446/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cimiladu inta badan waa midda [[Sahel|Sahel-ka]], iyadoo leh [[Xilli-roobaad|xilli roobaad]]. Senegal waxay ku fidsan tahay dhul baaxadiisu tahay ku dhawaad {{convert|197,000|km2}} waxayna leedahay dad dhowr ah oo gaaraya 18 milyan.{{UN Population|ref}} Dawladdu waa [[Nidaamka nus-madaxweynaha|jamhuuriyad nus-madaxweyne ah]]; tan iyo markii la aas-aasay dalka sanadkii 1960-kii, waxaa loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay mid ka mid ah wadamada ugu xasiloon qaaradda Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/senegal/overview |access-date=30 November 2022 |publisher=World Bank |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130123208/https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/senegal/overview |url-status=live }}</ref> Marka loo eego [[Tusmooyinka Dimuqraadiyadda ee V-Dem]] ee 2024, Senegal waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta 68aad ee dimuqraadiyadda doorashooyinka adduunka iyo kaalinta 10aad ee [[dimuqraadiyadda doorashooyinka ee Afrika]].<ref name="vdem_dataset">{{cite web |last=V-Dem Institute |date=2023 |title=The V-Dem Dataset |url=https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ |access-date=14 October 2023 |archive-date=8 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208183458/https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Dawladdan waxaa loo dhisay sidii qayb ka mid ah madax-bannaanidii [[Galbeedka Afrika ee Faransiiska]] ee ka xorowday [[Xukunkii gumeysiga Faransiiska]]. Taariikhdan darteed, Faransiisku waa luqadda rasmiga ah, laakiin waxaa fahma kaliya dad tirada yar ah.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|author=Jacques Leclerc|date=4 October 2010|title=Sénégal|url=http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/senegal.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229121849/http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/senegal.htm|archive-date=29 February 2012|access-date=17 March 2012|website=Trésor de la langue française au Québec}}</ref> [[Luqadaha Senegal|In ka badan 30 luqadood]] ayaa looga hadlaa Senegal. [[Af-Wolof|Wolof]] waa luqadda ugu ballaaran ee loogu hadlo, iyadoo 80% dadku ay ku hadlaan sidii luqaddooda koowaad ama labaad,<ref name="What Languages Are Spoken in Senegal?">{{cite web |last=Pariona |first=Amber |date=27 September 2017 |title=What Languages Are Spoken in Senegal? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-senegal.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 October 2022 |website=WorldAtlas |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004131156/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-senegal.html}}</ref> iyadoo u adeegta sidii [[Lingua franca|''lingua franca'']] ee Senegal oo barbar socota Faransiiska. [[Af-Carabi|Carabiga]] iyo [[Af-Pulaar|Pulaar]] sidoo kale waxay weli caan ku yihiin bulshooyinka qaar.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gueye |first1=Massamba |date=17 November 2022 |title=Wolof is reclaiming ground in Senegal as the French language wanes |url=https://theconversation.com/wolof-is-reclaiming-ground-in-senegal-as-the-french-language-wanes-194750 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.xvjeydjhj |editor-first1=Moina |editor-first2=Assane |editor-last1=Spooner |editor-last2=Diagne}}</ref> Sida wadamada kale ee Afrika, dalku wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[Aqoonta dadka ee Senegal|isku dhaf ballaaran oo bulshooyin qoomiyado iyo luqado kala duwan leh]], iyadoo kuwa ugu waaweyni ay yihiin [[Wolof (qoomiyad)|Wolof]], [[Fula (qoomiyad)|Fula]], iyo [[Serer (qoomiyad)|Serer]]. Dadka reer Senegal u badan koodu waa [[Muslimiin]].<ref name=":0b">{{cite web |title=Senegal, a Muslim Country that Can't Get Enough Christmas |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_senegal-muslim-country-cant-get-enough-christmas/6181575.html |last=Hammerschlag |first=Annika |date=24 December 2019 |access-date=30 November 2022 |publisher=VOA |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130123919/https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_senegal-muslim-country-cant-get-enough-christmas/6181575.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Maadaama uu yahay dal soo koraya, Senegal waxaa loo kala saaraa [[Wadamada saboolka ah ee deynta badan lagu leeyahay|dal sabool ah oo deyn badan lagu leeyahay]], iyadoo ku jirta kaalinta hoose ee [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha]] (169aad ee 193 wadan). Inta badan dadku waxay ku nool yihiin xeebta waxayna ka shaqeeyaan [[Beeraha Senegal|beeraha ama warshadaha kale ee cuntada]]; warshadaha kale ee waaweyn waxaa ka mid ah macdanta, dalxiiska, iyo adeegyada.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Systematic Country Diagnostic of Senegal|date=4 October 2018|publisher=World Bank|doi=10.1596/30852|hdl=10986/30852|s2cid=240089232|url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/336611539873310474/Senegal-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic }}</ref> La'aanta taariikhiga ahayd ee khayraadka dabiiciga ah ee Senegal waxay u weecisay dadaallada dhanka kordhinta akhris-qoraalka iyo guulaha waxbarashada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Senegal, a small country, is good at providing international organisations with leaders |url=https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/why-senegal-small-country-good-providing-international-organisations-leaders |access-date=30 November 2022 |website=D+C |date=21 November 2014 |language=en |archive-date=30 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130121716/https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/why-senegal-small-country-good-providing-international-organisations-leaders |url-status=live }}</ref> Senegal waa xubin ka tirsan [[Midowga Afrika]], Qaramada Midoobay, [[Guddiga Dhaqaalaha ee Galbeedka Afrika]] (ECOWAS), [[Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Francophonie]], [[Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka]], iyo [[Aagga Sahel iyo Saxaraha]]. == Asalka Magaca == Dalka Senegal waxaa loogu magac daray [[Webiga Senegal]]. Magaca webiga wuxuu ka imaan karaa fasiraadda luqadda [[Af-Boortaqiis|Boortaqiiska]] ee magaca [[Af-Zenaga|Zenaga]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan [[Sanhaja]].<ref name="fass">{{Cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/|title=The Real Story Behind Senegal's Name|first=Beetle|last=Holloway|website=Culture Trip|date=31 May 2018|access-date=31 December 2018|archive-date=6 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206024446/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sidoo kale, waxay noqon kartaa isku darka ilaaha ugu sarreeya ee [[Diinta Serer|diinta Serer-ka]] (''Rog Sene'') iyo ''o gal,'' oo macnaheedu yahay ‘''biyo’'' marka loo eego [[Af-Serer|luqadda Serer]]. Qoraaga iyo wadaadka reer Faransiis David Boilat wuxuu soo jeediyay in magacu ka yimid weedha [[Af-Wolof|Wolof-ka]] ee ah "sunuu gaal", oo macnaheedu yahay "doonteenna".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holloway |first=Beetle |date=31 May 2018 |title=The Real Story Behind Senegal's Name |url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=Culture Trip |archive-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206024446/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/senegal/articles/the-real-story-behind-senegals-name/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} 76kextbnkmzkiay30wdt1zjq8rn47sm 0 4570 301530 284200 2026-07-10T21:30:12Z Videoiib7 46243 301530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jamhuuriyadda Hantiwadaaga ee Fiyetnam <br />{{lang|vi|Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam}} |conventional_long_name = |common_name = Vietnam |qaaradda = [[Aasiya]] |sawir_calan = Flag_of_Vietnam.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of Vietnam.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = [[Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc]]''<small><br />"Wadannimo- Xornimo - Farxad"</small> |caasimadda = [[Hanoi]] |luuqadaha = [[Af-Vietnamese]] |caasimada = [[Hanoi]] |Dawladda = &nbsp; |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweyne]] |<nowiki>Madaxweyne]]</nowiki> |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Ra'iisul wasaare]] |qaab dowladeed = [[Gobolka hantiwadaagga]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = Nguyễn Minh Triết |magac_hogaamiye2 = Nguyễn Tấn Dũng |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''' |sovereignty_note = Gumeystihii [[Faransiiska]] |established_event1 = Taariikhda |established_date1 = 2 [[Sebteembar]], 1945 |area = 331,690 km2 |areami² = 128,527 |biyo = 1.3 |population_estimate = 98,500,000 ² |population_estimate_year = 2016 |lacagta = dong (VND) |wakhti = (UTC) |furaha_debedda = +84 |footnote1 = }} [[File:Bandovietnam-final-fill-scale-fr.svg|thumb|Vietnam]] '''Vietnam''' waa dawlad kutaala [[koonfur]]ta [[bari]] ee qaarada [[Asiya]]. Wadankaan waxoo xuduud la leeyhay wadamada [[Shiinaha]], [[Laos]] iyo [[Kambodiya]]. magaalo madaxda wadanka waa [[Hanoi]]. Wadankaan waxaa degan dad ka badan 85miliyan oo qof, waa wadanka 13aad oo ugu dadka tirada badan aduunka. Waddanka: / ˌvjɛtnæm, -nɑːm /, US: / ˌviːətnɑːm, -næm / (ku saabsan codkani wuxuu dhagaystaa); [10] Vietnamese: Việt Nam ayaa loo yaqaan [vîət nāːm] (ku saabsan codkan maqal)), ee Vietnam (Vietnam: Công hòi Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam), waa wadamada bariga ee ku yaal jasiiradda Indochina. Iyadoo lagu qiyaasay 94.6 milyan oo qof ilaa sanadka 2016, waa dalka 15-aad ee adduunka, iyo wadanka 9-aad ee ugu badan Asia. Wadanka Vietnam waxaa xuduud u leh Shiinaha waqooyiga, Laos, ilaa waqooyi-galbeed, Kambodiya, koonfur galbeed, Thailand oo ku taal Gacanka Thailand ee koonfur galbeed, iyo Filibiin, Malaysia iyo Indonesia oo ku yaalla Badweynta Koonfurta Shiinaha xagga bari iyo koonfur. Magaalada caasimadda ah waxay ahayd Hanoi tan iyo markii la isku keeney Waqooyiga iyo Koonfurta Sannadkii 1976-kii, iyada oo Ho Chi Minh City u ahayd magaalada ugu badan. Qaybta waqooyiga ee Vietnam waxay qayb ka ahayd Imperial China muddo ka badan sanad, laga bilaabo 111 BC ilaa AD 939. Dowlad madaxbannaan oo madaxbannaan oo Vietnam ah ayaa la sameeyay 939, kadib guushii Vietnam ee Battle of Bạch River. Hantidhowrka Horumarinta ee Vietnam wuxuu kor u kacay sidii waddanku u ballaariyay juquraafi ahaan iyo siyaasad ahaanba Koonfurta Aasiya, illaa jasiiradda Indochina lagu soo afjaray Faransiis qarnigii 19-aad. Ka dib markii la qabsaday Jarmalka 1940-kii, Vietnamese-ka waxay ku dagaalameen xukunka Faransiiska ee Dagaalka Indochina. 2dii Sebtembar 1945 Madaxweynaha Hoog Chí Minh ayaa ku dhawaaqay xornimada Vietnam ee ka timid Faransiiska oo ku hoos qoran magaca cusub ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Vietnam. Sanadkii 1954, Vietnam waxay ku dhawaaqday guushii Battle of Dien Bien Phu, oo dhacday intii u dhaxaysay Maarso iyo May 1954 waxayna ku dhufatay guuldaradii weynaa ee Faransiiska. Intaas ka dib, Vietnam waxa loo kala qaybiyay laba dawladood oo ku tartamaya, Waqooyiga Vietnam (rasmi ah Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Vietnam) iyo Koonfurta Vietnam (si rasmi ah Jamhuuriyadda Vietnam). Khilaafka udhaxeeya labada dhinac ayaa waxa uu ku sii xoogeysanayaa waxa loo yaqaano Dagaalkii Vietnam, iyada oo fara-galin culus oo Maraykanku ka soo galo dhinaca Koonfuurta Vietnam tan iyo 1965-kii illaa 1973-dii. Dagaalku wuxuu ku dhamaaday guushii North Vietnam ee 1975. Wadanka Vietnam ayaa markaa la isku raacay dawlad ka tirsan xisbiyada, laakiin waxay ahayd mid liitay oo siyaasad ahaan loo go'doomiyay. 1986-kii, Xisbiga Tigreega ee Vietnam wuxuu bilaabay dib-u-habayn dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed oo bilaabay waddada Vietnam si uu u dhexgalo dhaqaalaha aduunka. [12] Sannadkii 2000, waxay xiriirkii diblomaasiyadeed la laheyd dhammaan waddamada. Tan iyo sanadkii 2000, heerka horumarka dhaqaalaha ee Vietnam wuxuu ka mid ahaa kuwa adduunka ugu sareeya, [12] iyo, sannadkii 2011, waxa uu ku jirey Heerka Kobcinta Caalamiga ah ee Korantada ee 11ka Dhaqaale ee waaweyn. Dibuhabaynta dhaqaale ee guulaystay waxay keentay in uu ku biiro Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Ganacsiga sannadkii 2007. Vietnam ayaa xubin ka ah Ururka Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha ee Aasiyada Koonfur-Galbeed, Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha Asia iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah iyo Ururka Caalamiga ah ee de la Francophonie ==Xubin== * [[AIIB]] * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] ==waddanmaha degeen Vietnam== * {{Flag|China}} PR’China; 234,300+; * {{Flag|Indonesia}}; 500+ == Taariikh == Fiyetnam waxee ka mid aheed dhul markiisa hore laisku dhihi jiray [[Farasiiska indoshiina]], waxaana gumeesan jiray gumeestihii [[faransiiska]] taariikhda marka ee eheed 1800. Gumeesigaan waxaa qabsaday Dawladda [[Jabaan]] waqtigii oo socday [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka]]. Dhamaadkii dagaaladii aduunka wadanka waxaa ka dhashtay dowlad cusub oo komunist ah, waxaana hogaaminaayay nin lagu magacaabo [[Ho Chi Minh]] oo markiisa hore ka mid ahaan jiray Jabhad la dhoho [[Viet Minh]] oo u dagaalami jirtay xoreenta fiyetnam. Dagaal ayaa u dhaxeeyay ciidamada faransiiska iyo jabhada Viet Minh taariikhda marka ee eheed 1946dii ilaa 1954tii, dagaalkaas waxaa la dhihi jiray [[Dagaalkii Indoshiina]]. Dagaalkaas waxoo dhamaaday markii ciidamadii faransiiska lagu jabshay magaalada [[Dien Bien Phu]].Waqtigaas ka dib, mareykanka ayaa soo galay wadanka si oo u joojiyo xukunka komunistiga ah oo ka jira dalka fiyetnam. Taariikhda marka ee eheed 1959 ilaa 1975tii waxaa socday [[Dagaalkii Fiyetnam]], oo u dhaxeeyay waqooyiga fiyetnam iyo Koonfurta fiyetnam, dagaalkaas neh waxoo ku dhamaaday Komunistiga woqooyiga fiyetnam oo ku guuleesatay dagaalka, isla markaas neh ee wadanka mideeyeen. Taariikhda marka ee eheed 1976dii marka ee fiyetnam u dirtay ciidamo wadanka ee dariska yihiin ee [[Kambodiya]], waxaa weerar ku soo qaaday wadanka [[Shiinaha]], dagaalkaas neh waxoo ku dhamaaday sixida xuduudka shiinaha iyo fiyetnam. ciidamada fiyetnaamiiska aad ayee uuga adkaayeen kuwa shiinaha. == Deegaanka Vietnam == wadankani waxa uu ka koobanyahay 63 gobol.waxa ayna u kala baxaan sidan.. * [[Hanoi]] * [[Binh Thuan]] * [[Ninh Thuan]] * [[Quang Binh]] * [[Quang Tri]] * [[Thua Thien-Hue]] * [[Quang Nam]] * [[Quang Ngai]] “…Do you know..!’?..!’!.::. The word "Pornography" comes from the Greek words "pórnē" (prostitute) and "gráphein" (to write or to record). In other words, "pornography" means "writing about prostitutes" or "Recording prostitutes.:.:!’!" {{Dalalka Aasiya}} [[Category:Fiyetnam]] klrkvw2pabd3ad091p4iqr3cv08i0x0 0 5473 301528 284332 2026-07-10T21:26:57Z Videoiib7 46243 301528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Thailand | common_name = Thailand | native_name = {{native name|th|ราชอาณาจักรไทย|italics=no}}<br />{{lang|th-Latn|Ratcha-anachak Thai}} | image_flag = Flag of Thailand.svg | image_coat = | symbol_type = Emblem | national_motto = | national_anthem = ''[[Thai National Anthem|Phleng Chat Thai]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Thai National Anthem"}})<br /><center>[[File:Thai National Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg]]</center> | royal_anthem = ''[[Sansoen Phra Barami]]''<br />({{lang-en|"Glorify His prestige"}})<br /><center>[[File:Thai Royal Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg]]</center> | image_map = Location Thailand ASEAN.svg |map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=green |region=[[ASEAN]] |region_color=dark grey |legend=Location Thailand ASEAN.svg}} | image_map2 = Thailand - Location Map (2013) - THA - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[Bangkok]] | coordinates = {{Coord|13|45|N|100|29|E|type:city}} | largest_city = Bangkok | official_languages = [[Thai language|Thai]]<ref name=CIA>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html Thailand] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html |date=20101229000203 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703193043/https://www.cia.gov/Library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html |date=3 July 2015 }}, ''The World Factbook''.</ref><!--Thai is the official language. English is a non-official secondary language.--> |languages_type = Spoken languages |languages = {{hlist|[[Isan language|Isan]]|[[Northern Thai language|Kam Mueang]]|[[Southern Thai language|Pak Tai]]}} | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | {{nowrap|[[Thai people|Thai]]}}<br />{{nowrap|&nbsp;'''∟''' 34.1% [[Central Thailand|Central Thai]]}}<br />{{nowrap|&nbsp;'''∟''' 24.9% [[Isan people|Khon Isan]]}}<ref name="DraperKamnuansilpa">{{cite journal|last= Draper|first= John|last2= Kamnuansilpa|first2= Peerasit|date= 2016|title= The Thai Lao Question: The Reappearance of Thailand’s Ethnic Lao Community and Related Policy Questions|url= http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14631369.2016.1258300|journal= Asian Ethnicity|volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= 10.1080/14631369.2016.1258300|access-date= 23 November 2016|deadurl= no|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20161227040923/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14631369.2016.1258300|archivedate= 27 December 2016|df= dmy-all}}</ref><br />{{nowrap|&nbsp;'''∟''' 9.9% [[Northern Thai people|Khon Muang]]}} <br />{{nowrap|&nbsp;'''∟''' 7.5% [[Southern Thailand|Southern Thai]]}} | 14% [[Thai Chinese]] | 12% Others <small>(incl. [[Karen people|Karen]], [[Thai Malays|Malay]], [[Mon people|Mon]], [[Northern Khmer people|Khmer]], "[[Hill tribe (Thailand)|Hill tribes]]")</small><ref name="CERD/C/THA/1-3">{{cite book|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; Reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention: Thailand|date=28 July 2011|publisher=United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination|url=http://www.rlpd.go.th/rlpdnew/images/rlpd_1/HRC/CERD%201_3.pdf|accessdate=8 October 2016|language=English with appended Thai government translation|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009184727/http://www.rlpd.go.th/rlpdnew/images/rlpd_1/HRC/CERD%201_3.pdf|archivedate=9 October 2016|df=dmy-all}} {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.rlpd.go.th/rlpdnew/images/rlpd_1/HRC/CERD%201_3.pdf |access-date=2018-06-28 |archive-date=2016-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009184727/http://www.rlpd.go.th/rlpdnew/images/rlpd_1/HRC/CERD%201_3.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>{{RP|95–99}}<ref>{{citation |author=David Levinson |title=Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook |publisher=Oryx Pres |year=1998 |page=287|isbn=1-57356-019-7}}</ref><ref name=Ethno2013>{{citation |last1 = Paul |first1 = Lewis M. |last2 = Simons |first2 = Gary F. |last3 = Fennig |first3 = Charles D. |year = 2013 |title = Ethnologue: Languages of the World |publisher = SIL International |isbn = 978-1-55671-216-6 |url = http://www.ethnologue.com |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071227170852/http://www.ethnologue.com/ |archivedate = 27 December 2007 |df = dmy-all }}</ref> }} |ethnic_groups_year = 2009;<ref name="West794">{{citation |author=Barbara A. West |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania |publisher=Facts on File |year=2009 |page=794|isbn=1-4381-1913-5}}</ref> 2011<ref name="CERD/C/THA/1-3" />{{RP|95–99}} | demonym = [[Demographics of Thailand|Thai]]<br />[[Thai people|Siamese]] (archaic) | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of Thailand|Monarch]] | leader_name1 = [[Vajiralongkorn|Maha Vajiralongkorn]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Srettha Thavisin]] | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | legislature = [[National Legislative Assembly of Thailand (2014)|National Legislative Assembly]] (acting as [[National Assembly of Thailand|National Assembly]]) | sovereignty_type = [[History of Thailand|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Sukhothai Kingdom]] | established_date1 = 1238–1448 | established_event2 = [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]] | established_date2 = 1351–1767 | established_event3 = [[Thonburi Kingdom]] | established_date3 = 1768–1782 | established_event4 = [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]] | established_date4 = 6 April 1782 | established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Siamese revolution of 1932|Constitutional monarchy]]}} | established_date5 = 24 June 1932 | established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[Constitution of Thailand|Current constitution]]}} | established_date6 = 6 April 2017 | area_km2 = 513,120 | area_rank = 50th | area_sq_mi = 198,115 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = {{nowrap|0.4 (2,230 km{{smallsup|2}})}} | population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Thailand}}{{UN_Population|ref}} | population_census = 64,785,909<ref>{{th icon}} National Statistics Office, [http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc "100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand"] {{Wayback|url=http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc |date=20120712002347 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712002347/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/doc/8-thailand%20census.doc |date=12 July 2012 }}. popcensus.nso.go.th.</ref> | population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}} | population_estimate_rank = 20th | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 132.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 342 <!--Do remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 88th | GDP_PPP = $1.310 trillion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=52&pr.y=7&sy=2016&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=578&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Thailand |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |accessdate=29 April 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328013341/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=52&pr.y=7&sy=2016&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=578&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |archivedate=28 March 2018 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $18,943<ref name=imf2 /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$514.700 billion}}<ref name="NESDBFeb2018">{{cite web|url=http://www.nesdb.go.th/nesdb_en/ewt_dl_link.php?nid=4360&filename=Macroeconomic_Planning|title=Thai Economic Performance in Q4 and 2017 and Outlook for 2018|publisher=[[National Economic and Social Development Board]]|accessdate=21 February 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222043705/http://www.nesdb.go.th/nesdb_en/ewt_dl_link.php?nid=4360&filename=Macroeconomic_Planning|archivedate=22 February 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,588<ref name="NESDBFeb2018"/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 37.8 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2013 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref =<ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=TH |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=3 December 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204065819/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=TH |archivedate=4 December 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.740 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI_ref = <ref name=UNDP>{{cite book|title=Global 2016 Human Development Report Overview – English|date=2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)|location=New York|pages=22–24|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/HDR2016_EN_Overview_Web.pdf|accessdate=22 March 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323061227/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/HDR2016_EN_Overview_Web.pdf|archivedate=23 March 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 87th | currency = [[Thai baht|Baht]] (฿) | currency_code = THB | time_zone = [[UTC+07:00|ICT]] | utc_offset = +7 | utc_offset_DST = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours --> | DST_note = | time_zone_DST = | drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic|left]] | calling_code = [[+66]] | cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.th]] |[[.ไทย]]}} |religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap; |91.50% [[Buddhism in Thailand|Buddhism]] |4.97% [[Islam in Thailand|Islam]] |1.17% [[Christianity in Thailand|Christianity]] |0.03% [[Hinduism in Southeast Asia|Hinduism]] |0.01% [[Irreligion|Unaffiliated]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://web.nso.go.th/en/survey/popchan/data/2015-2016-Statistical%20tables%20PDF.pdf|title=Population by religion, region and area, 2015|last=|first=|website=|publisher=NSO|accessdate=2017-10-12|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210020110/http://web.nso.go.th/en/survey/popchan/data/2015-2016-Statistical%20tables%20PDF.pdf|archivedate=10 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}} | area_magnitude = 1 E11 }} [[File:Flag_of_Bangkok.svg|thumb|right|392px|]] [[File:Chaophraya_River_(8767097465).jpg|thumb|right|393px|]] [[File:4Y1A1150_Bangkok_(33536339665).jpg|thumb|right|394px|]] [[File:BKK_Art_and_Culture_Centre_(II).jpg|thumb|right|395px]] '''Tayland''' ([[Af-Thai]]: ราชอาณาจักรไทย. waa wadan ku yaalo [[Koonfur]]ta[[bari]] ee qaarada [[Aasiya]]. wadanka markiisa hore waxaa la dhihi jiray '''Siam''' , waa wadan boqortooyo xakunto. wadanka waxoo xuduud laleeyahay wadamada [[Laos]],[[Burma]], iyo [[kambodiya]], koonfurta neh waxaa ka xiga [[Gacanka thailand]] iyo [[Malaysiya]]. thailand waxee ka midtahay wadanka kaliya ee [[Koonfur|koonfurta]][[bari]] ee [[Aasiya]] oo wax gumeysi ah soo marin, inta aa ka eheen wadamada ee dariska tahay burma iyo jabaan, marka ee soo galeen thailand waqtigii dagaalada aduunka kii labaad. Wadanka waxoo jirijiray 40.000 oo sano. magaalo madaxda wadanka waa [[Bangkok]]. ==Xubin== * [[ADB]] * [[AIIB]] * [[ASEAN]] * [[Bankiga Aduunka]] * [[Qaramada Midoobay]] ==Waddnamha degaan Thailand== * {{Flag|China}} 600,000+ * {{Flag|Indonesia}} 1000+ * {{Flag|PHL}} 54,000+ * {{Flag|Cambodia}} 20,000+ * {{Flag|Vietnam}} 200,000+ ==The provinces== {{Dalalka Aasiya}} [[Category:Aasiya]] 1k618pwm3f76enssfwi7b7hrubbtg4q 0 9660 301489 301073 2026-07-10T15:42:51Z ~2026-39112-54 46433 /* */ 301489 wikitext text/x-wiki Beesha '''Wacbuudhan Abgaal''' ({{lang-so|Wacbuudhan}}, {{lang-en|Wacbudhan}}) waa beel ka mid ah 9ka Abgaal Cismaan waana midka ugu tiro badan oo ugu dhul wayn. {{Short description|Somali clan}} {{About|the Somali clan}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Wacbudhan | flag = [[File:Hirshabeelle.png | thumb | 60px]] [[File:Flag of Mogadishu, Somalia.svg | thumb | 60px | right]] | region1 = {{flagcountry|Somalia}} | langs = [[Somali language|Somali]], [[Arabic]], | rels = [[Islam]] | related-c = [[Harti]], [[Waceysle]], [[Mudulood]], iyo beelaha kale ee beesha [[Hawiye]].}} ==Meelahay dagto== Beesha waxayna degtaa Xamar oo Wacbudhan asal u leh iyo Shabellaha Dheexe oo ay ka dagaan 8/10 degmo waana qabiilka ugu tiro badan oo Shabellaha Dhexe dago. Waxey kaloo dagaan Shabellaha Hoose sida magaloyinka Marka, Baraawe, Afgooye iyo magalooyin badan. Ethiopia waxey ka dagaan Deganada Somalida ee Ethiopia oo loo yaqaano DDS oo degmoyinka kala ah Iimeey iyo Liben Zone. Kenya waxey ka dagaan Deganada Somalida ee Kenya oo kala ah Gobolka Wajir. Gobolka Wajir waxaa dago Reer Mataan laf ka mid ah oo la dhaho Maxamud, Samatar iyo Macow Mataan oo maanta la qaaran ah beesha Dagodia oo gobolka Wajir u badan. Waxey kala degaan Jubbada Dhexe iyo Jubbada Hoose qeybo ka mid ah. ==Sidey u kala baxdo== Beesha waxay u kala baxdaa 4 jufo oo waa weyn waxayna kala yihiin: 1-Danweyne Wacbudhan 2- Doole Wacbudhan 3- Kabaale Wacbudhan 4- hartacaso wacbudhan * Abgaal ** Wacbudhan ***Danweyne ****Yonis Danweyne *****Maxamed Yonis *****Muuse maalin *****Muuse maalin    *  Cumar maalin       *Cubeyd maalin      * Kurtumoow *****Aadan Yonis *****Gafoow yonis *****Xuseen Yonis ******Sahal Koraye ******Xeyle sahal ******Koshin sahal ******Maxamud sahal ******Diirshe sahal ******Farah sahal ******Ahmed sahal *****Galmaax Yonis ******Cumar Galmaax *******Celi Cumar ********Cosoble Celi ********Xasan-Gaab Celi ********Shige Celi ********Cali Celi ********Ibraahim Celi ********Geesaweyn Celi *******Reer Mataan ********Bariise Mataan ********Diinle Mataan ********Duliye Mataan ******Yusuf Galmaax *******Wehliye Muuse *******Maxamed Muuse *******Birkaanle ********Tuuryar ********Dhiblaawe Tuuryar ********Suubiye Tuuryar *******Soomane ********Absuge Soomane ********Arwaaq Soomane ********Fiise Soomane ********Maalinle Soomane ********Faarax Soomane ********Geedi Soomane ********Xasan-Cariif Soomane ******Cabdulle Galmaax *******Cumar Fool *******Faarax Shige *******Cigaal Gacal *******Kuusow Cumar *******Cadow Dhere *******Dudeey Macalin *******Cumar Suubiye *******Cabdulle eybakar *******reer Faqay *******C/kariin cumar *******Gacal Faqay *******cubed Maalin *******Reer Owciire *******Gacal Suubiye *******Warfaay Cumar *******agoon Cabdulle *******gacal Suubiye *******shige Gureey agoon *******macalin dheere agoon *******cumar Agoon ***Doole Wacbudhan ****Daauud *****Isaaq Dauud ******Calooley *******Qubeys *******Dhigbil *******Cali dhigbil ********Cumar Dhigbil *********Xalfooy Cumar *********Muuse Cumar **********Ciroole Muuse ***********Cabdi ciroole ***********Adam Ciroole ***********Cabdiraxman Ciroole ***********Gashaan Ciroole ***********Gacal Ciroole ***********Cali Ciroole ***********Dabaleeb Ciroole **********Cali Muuse ***********Adam Cali ***********Suufi Cali ***********Dhagafiiq Cali ***********Cismaan Cali ***********Macallim Cali ***********Cabdalle Cali **********Idiris Muuse *********Yoocaale Cumar ********Cali Dhigbil ******Cali Isaaq ******Soomane Isaaq ******Cabdulle Isaaq *****Yusuf Dauud ******Cabdulle Yusuf *******Muuse Cabdulle ********Aadan Muuse *********Sugwaay Adan *********Sangaab Muuse ********Ibraahim maxaa dheere ********Roobsuge muuse ******Cabdalle-Yar ***Kabaale Wacbudhan ****Saleeban Muse *****Roobsuge Saleeban *****Qoorsal Saleeban ******Aadan Maxamed ******Goley *******Afrax-Maxad-Yar *******Aruuris ****Xeyle Muse *****Idiris Yabarow ******Cabdalle Idiris ******Dhegayare Idiris *******Jibriil *****Calaacul ******Maanweyn Calaacul ******Maxaa Cade ******Ali Sabuul ******Ilkagaduud. ******hartacaso wacbudhan ******Tolwayne hartacaso ******Jimcaale cabdi ******cabdi xaayow ******Yabadhaal hartacaso ==Dadka ugu caansan== Wacbuudhan Abgaal waa beesha ugu badan tiro ahaan hadana qabata Gudoomiyaha Gobolka Banaadir. ===Siyaasiinta=== * Nur Xasan Xusen (Nur Adde) * Sheekh MuuSe(Cabdulle Cood) * Genaral Jilacow *Wasiir Eng Axmadey Sh. Xassan *Siyaasi Xuseen Xassan(Xuseen Dheere) *Siyaasi Senator Muse Sudi Yalaxow *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Cumar Finish *Siyaasi Hon Bashir moallim Ali Hassan *Siyaasi Ahmed Ali mohamed (Ahmed Sakin) *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Axmed Meyre Makaran *Siyaasi Amb. Maxamed Cali America * Siyaasi Axmed Maxamed Neegar * Siyaasi Cabdiraxmaan Kooli *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Jeneral Muungaab *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Sh Yusuf Madaale *Siyaasi Xildhibaan Yuusuf Kabaale *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Axmed Daaci *Siyaasi Cabdullahi Sheikh Hassan *Siyaasi cabdiraxman Cumar Cisman Eng-Yarisow *Siyaasi Ambasador Jamal Xaaji Axmed *Siyaasi Omar Abdullahi ( Qoryooley ) *Siyaasi Sheikh Cali Sheekh Muuse( Ex Gudoomiyihi JowHar *Siyaasi Sh Yusuf Haji Nor *Siyaasi Xildhibaan Xasan Saney Barre. *Siyaasi Xildhiban Carabow *Siyaasi Xildhibaan Ruqiyo Abshir Nuur *Siyaasi xildhibaan Mino Xasan Shibis *Siyaasi Shador Xaaji Shadoor *Siyaasi xildhibaan Xuseen Caraale * Siyaasi Xildhibaan Sh Maxamed Maxamud *Siyaasi Cabdicasiis cali ibraahim (Cabdicasiis Xildhibaan) *siyaasi xildhibaan Cismaan Xaadoole ===Faanka iyo Sugaanta=== *Abwaan Maxamed Gacal Xaayow *Abwaan Cabdulle Raage Taraawiil *Laashin Cabdulle macalin Cagoole *Abwaan Faarax Gololeey *Abwaan Xuseen Sh Axmed Kadare *Abwaan Cabdiqadir Sanka *Fanaanad Binti Cumar Gacal *Fanaanad Xabiibo Xasan Tooxow *Fanaan Bashiir Xuseen *Fanaan Xaawo Kiin *Fanaanad Ikraan Caraale *Fanaanad Amal Aragsan *Fanaan Fowsiyo Fanka *Fanaan Axmed kaafi AK *Fanaan Khadar Keeyow ===Sarakiisha=== *General Cali Maxamed Cali (Cali Shariif) * General Caaqil aweys elmy * General Sh Nuur Maxamed Shiiqa Jowhar * Cornel. Cabdisalaan Naxar (cornel Xabe) *Cornel Eng. Maxamed Nuur Cambuurre *General Axmed Jilacow Cadow(Godka Jilacow) *General Hassan Maxamed Hussein (Mungaab) *General Ibrahim Moalim abdulllahi joqof *General Cismaan Xaadoole *G/lle Dhexe Mukhtaar Cabdulle Nuur *Generaal Cali Calasow *Generaal Axmed sheikh caddow nuur *Generaal Maxamed Xuseen Axmed wadan (G.N.Dhaxaaye) * General Ibraahim Maxamed *Generaal Mohamuud Xaaji Cali *G/sare Shuceyb Nuur Cambuure *Gaashaanle sare Ali cabduqadir Cali (Cali yare) *Gaashaanle sare Qondhe Nuur *G/Dhexe Abukar Cali Maxamed Abukar Boonow * General Maxamed Maxamud Saney *Gaashaanle Yaasin Geedi Suubiye *Gaashaanle Jilacow Maxamed Gacal *Gaashanle Eng. C/qaadir Maxamed Nuur Cambuure *Gaashaanle Yuusuf Cumar Makaraan (yaanyo) * ===Aqoonyahanada=== *Prof. Abdirahmaan Abdullahi Baadiyow *Ganacsade Eng. Liban Mohamed Nur Ambure *Prof. Mohamed Osoble Mohamud( prof Osoble) *Prof Marooko *Prof. Arabow Ibrahim Nur *Prof. Muhudin Hassan Yabarow (Prof Yabarow) *Garyaqaan Dr. Yasin Haji Ambure Gudoomiyaha Hay'adda ACORDO *Dr ABDULLAHI Ali Qoryooley *Dr Ahmed ALI Abdullahi (LEGAALE) *Dr. Hassan Mohamed Sheikh (Bayaan) *Col. Mohamed Nur Baarqab (Maareyihii Som.Tex) *Drs. Mariam Abdulkadir Mohamed Nur Ambure *Dr Sh Eng Ahmed Omar Alasow *Sh Mohamed Kulmiye Axmed *Mr. Mohamed Diini Mohamed Nuur (Aqoon yahaan bartay Ganacsiga iyo Dhaqaalaha) * Xuseen Ibraahim Maxamud (Alxaaji) * Dr Mohamed Morroco * Dr Hassan Muhudin Hassan * ENG Mohamed Abshir Nur * ENG Abdirahman Yusuf Bocor * Eng Zakariye Cumar Makaraan *Dr. Yasin Ahmed Osman Milkiilaha Nootaayada Al-Aamin *Shiikh Dr Mohamed Omar Makaran aqoonyahan ku takhasusay shareecada islaamka iyo caafimaadka *Marwo Sabah Nur Hassan Xubin ka ah Ganacsatada Dalka USA, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Uganda & Somalia ===Wariyeyaasha === Aamino muuse weheliye ( ma aha wacbuudhan) * Bashir Ali Shire * Biibto * Mohamed Muhiadin Ali *Hassan Mohamed Mohamud Fanax * Al Axmed * Xuurshe *Jeeri * Abdirahman Hudeyfi * Mohamed Daauud (Yuumbi) * Mohamed Abdulle Siidi * Abdiaziz Hassan Golf Yare * Shadoor * Nur Hassan Nur Buqaari. *Abdijibar Yusuf Bocor * Hussein abdulle mohamed * Abdullahi kulmiye cadow *Abdikamil yusuf mohamud # Zakariye Axmed Muse * Mohamed Omar Mohamoud (Baakaay) *Abdullahi Moh'ed (Abdullahi Daacad) *Suleiman Haji Ahmed Rage *Kiin Cumar Makaraan ===Dhaqatiirta=== * Dr Mohamed Abukar Sheik Nor ( Dr Aayaha . * Dr Mohamed Ali Sheik Mohamud (Dr Macsaro) * Dr Adnan Ahmed Shire(Dr shire) * Dr Abdullahi Ali Mohamud ( Qoryoley ) * Dr. Abdullaahi Husein * Dr.JAlaaludiin * Dr.Noradin Legaale * Dr.Jimcaale * Dr.Adnaan Abudllahi Hussein * Dr. Hassan Mohamed Nur * Dr.Hassan Xaayow * Dr Xeydar Cali Raage *Dr. Zakarie Osman Adow profssorka. * Dr Abdullahi Maxamud Salax * Dr Abdiwali Yusuf Bocor * Dr Abdullahi Sheikh Hassan (Ciro) * Dr Abdullahi nor buubshe ( cadani) * Dr Abdullahi nur omar ( Dr. Guraash ) * Dr Nur omar warsame ( Dr. Sheekh Nur ) * Dr Abdirahman nur omar ( Dr Ag ) * Dr Muhuadin Omar Mataan (Dr matan) * Dr Axmed Ali uley (Axmed young) 4wz2jkc56q1xica5bb5b5n52rqzk2h2 301514 301489 2026-07-10T20:13:28Z ~2026-34537-45 46057 301514 wikitext text/x-wiki Beesha '''Wacbuudhan Abgaal''' ({{lang-so|Wacbuudhan}}, {{lang-en|Wacbudhan}}) waa beel ka mid ah 9ka Abgaal Cismaan waana midka ugu tiro badan oo ugu dhul wayn. {{Short description|Somali clan}} {{About|the Somali clan}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Wacbudhan | flag = [[File:Hirshabeelle.png | thumb | 60px]] [[File:Flag of Mogadishu, Somalia.svg | thumb | 60px | right]] | region1 = {{flagcountry|Somalia}} | langs = [[Somali language|Somali]], [[Arabic]], | rels = [[Islam]] | related-c = [[Harti]], [[Waceysle]], [[Mudulood]], iyo beelaha kale ee beesha [[Hawiye]].}} ==Meelahay dagto== Beesha waxayna degtaa Xamar oo Wacbudhan asal u leh iyo Shabellaha Dheexe oo ay ka dagaan 8/10 degmo waana qabiilka ugu tiro badan oo Shabellaha Dhexe dago. Waxey kaloo dagaan Shabellaha Hoose sida magaloyinka Marka, Baraawe, Afgooye iyo magalooyin badan. Ethiopia waxey ka dagaan Deganada Somalida ee Ethiopia oo loo yaqaano DDS oo degmoyinka kala ah Iimeey iyo Liben Zone. Kenya waxey ka dagaan Deganada Somalida ee Kenya oo kala ah Gobolka Wajir. Gobolka Wajir waxaa dago Reer Mataan laf ka mid ah oo la dhaho Maxamud, Samatar iyo Macow Mataan oo maanta la qaaran ah beesha Dagodia oo gobolka Wajir u badan. Waxey kala degaan Jubbada Dhexe iyo Jubbada Hoose qeybo ka mid ah. ==Sidey u kala baxdo== Beesha waxay u kala baxdaa 4 jufo oo waa weyn waxayna kala yihiin: 1-Danweyne Wacbudhan 2- Doole Wacbudhan 3- Kabaale Wacbudhan 4- hartacaso wacbudhan * Abgaal ** Wacbudhan ***Danweyne ****Yonis Danweyne *****Maxamed Yonis *****Muuse maalin *****Muuse maalin    *  Cumar maalin       *Cubeyd maalin      * Kurtumoow *****Aadan Yonis *****Gafoow yonis *****Xuseen Yonis ******Sahal Koraye ******Xeyle sahal ******Koshin sahal ******Maxamud sahal ******Diirshe sahal ******Farah sahal ******Ahmed sahal *****Galmaax Yonis ******Cumar Galmaax *******Celi Cumar ********Cosoble Celi ********Xasan-Gaab Celi ********Shige Celi ********Cali Celi ********Ibraahim Celi ********Geesaweyn Celi *******Reer Mataan ********Bariise Mataan ********Diinle Mataan ********Duliye Mataan ******Yusuf Galmaax *******Wehliye Muuse *******Maxamed Muuse *******Birkaanle ********Tuuryar ********Dhiblaawe Tuuryar ********Suubiye Tuuryar *******Soomane ********Absuge Soomane ********Arwaaq Soomane ********Fiise Soomane ********Maalinle Soomane ********Faarax Soomane ********Geedi Soomane ********Xasan-Cariif Soomane ******Cabdulle Galmaax *******Cumar Fool *******Faarax Shige *******Cigaal Gacal *******Kuusow Cumar *******Cadow Dhere *******Dudeey Macalin *******Cumar Suubiye *******cumar Agoon ***Doole Wacbudhan ****Daauud *****Isaaq Dauud ******Calooley *******Qubeys *******Dhigbil *******Cali dhigbil ********Cumar Dhigbil *********Xalfooy Cumar *********Muuse Cumar **********Ciroole Muuse ***********Cabdi ciroole ***********Adam Ciroole ***********Cabdiraxman Ciroole ***********Gashaan Ciroole ***********Gacal Ciroole ***********Cali Ciroole ***********Dabaleeb Ciroole **********Cali Muuse ***********Adam Cali ***********Suufi Cali ***********Dhagafiiq Cali ***********Cismaan Cali ***********Macallim Cali ***********Cabdalle Cali **********Idiris Muuse *********Yoocaale Cumar ********Cali Dhigbil ******Cali Isaaq ******Soomane Isaaq ******Cabdulle Isaaq *****Yusuf Dauud ******Cabdulle Yusuf *******Muuse Cabdulle ********Aadan Muuse *********Sugwaay Adan *********Sangaab Muuse ********Ibraahim maxaa dheere ********Roobsuge muuse ******Cabdalle-Yar ***Kabaale Wacbudhan ****Saleeban Muse *****Roobsuge Saleeban *****Qoorsal Saleeban ******Aadan Maxamed ******Goley *******Afrax-Maxad-Yar *******Aruuris ****Xeyle Muse *****Idiris Yabarow ******Cabdalle Idiris ******Dhegayare Idiris *******Jibriil *****Calaacul ******Maanweyn Calaacul ******Maxaa Cade ******Ali Sabuul ******Ilkagaduud. ******hartacaso wacbudhan ******Tolwayne hartacaso ******Jimcaale cabdi ******cabdi xaayow ******Yabadhaal hartacaso ==Dadka ugu caansan== Wacbuudhan Abgaal waa beesha ugu badan tiro ahaan hadana qabata Gudoomiyaha Gobolka Banaadir. ===Siyaasiinta=== * Nur Xasan Xusen (Nur Adde) * Sheekh MuuSe(Cabdulle Cood) * Genaral Jilacow *Wasiir Eng Axmadey Sh. Xassan *Siyaasi Xuseen Xassan(Xuseen Dheere) *Siyaasi Senator Muse Sudi Yalaxow *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Cumar Finish *Siyaasi Hon Bashir moallim Ali Hassan *Siyaasi Ahmed Ali mohamed (Ahmed Sakin) *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Axmed Meyre Makaran *Siyaasi Amb. Maxamed Cali America * Siyaasi Axmed Maxamed Neegar * Siyaasi Cabdiraxmaan Kooli *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Jeneral Muungaab *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Sh Yusuf Madaale *Siyaasi Xildhibaan Yuusuf Kabaale *Siyaasi Gudoomiye Axmed Daaci *Siyaasi Cabdullahi Sheikh Hassan *Siyaasi cabdiraxman Cumar Cisman Eng-Yarisow *Siyaasi Ambasador Jamal Xaaji Axmed *Siyaasi Omar Abdullahi ( Qoryooley ) *Siyaasi Sheikh Cali Sheekh Muuse( Ex Gudoomiyihi JowHar *Siyaasi Sh Yusuf Haji Nor *Siyaasi Xildhibaan Xasan Saney Barre. *Siyaasi Xildhiban Carabow *Siyaasi Xildhibaan Ruqiyo Abshir Nuur *Siyaasi xildhibaan Mino Xasan Shibis *Siyaasi Shador Xaaji Shadoor *Siyaasi xildhibaan Xuseen Caraale * Siyaasi Xildhibaan Sh Maxamed Maxamud *Siyaasi Cabdicasiis cali ibraahim (Cabdicasiis Xildhibaan) *siyaasi xildhibaan Cismaan Xaadoole ===Faanka iyo Sugaanta=== *Abwaan Maxamed Gacal Xaayow *Abwaan Cabdulle Raage Taraawiil *Laashin Cabdulle macalin Cagoole *Abwaan Faarax Gololeey *Abwaan Xuseen Sh Axmed Kadare *Abwaan Cabdiqadir Sanka *Fanaanad Binti Cumar Gacal *Fanaanad Xabiibo Xasan Tooxow *Fanaan Bashiir Xuseen *Fanaan Xaawo Kiin *Fanaanad Ikraan Caraale *Fanaanad Amal Aragsan *Fanaan Fowsiyo Fanka *Fanaan Axmed kaafi AK *Fanaan Khadar Keeyow ===Sarakiisha=== *General Cali Maxamed Cali (Cali Shariif) * General Caaqil aweys elmy * General Sh Nuur Maxamed Shiiqa Jowhar * Cornel. Cabdisalaan Naxar (cornel Xabe) *Cornel Eng. Maxamed Nuur Cambuurre *General Axmed Jilacow Cadow(Godka Jilacow) *General Hassan Maxamed Hussein (Mungaab) *General Ibrahim Moalim abdulllahi joqof *General Cismaan Xaadoole *G/lle Dhexe Mukhtaar Cabdulle Nuur *Generaal Cali Calasow *Generaal Axmed sheikh caddow nuur *Generaal Maxamed Xuseen Axmed wadan (G.N.Dhaxaaye) * General Ibraahim Maxamed *Generaal Mohamuud Xaaji Cali *G/sare Shuceyb Nuur Cambuure *Gaashaanle sare Ali cabduqadir Cali (Cali yare) *Gaashaanle sare Qondhe Nuur *G/Dhexe Abukar Cali Maxamed Abukar Boonow * General Maxamed Maxamud Saney *Gaashaanle Yaasin Geedi Suubiye *Gaashaanle Jilacow Maxamed Gacal *Gaashanle Eng. C/qaadir Maxamed Nuur Cambuure *Gaashaanle Yuusuf Cumar Makaraan (yaanyo) * ===Aqoonyahanada=== *Prof. Abdirahmaan Abdullahi Baadiyow *Ganacsade Eng. Liban Mohamed Nur Ambure *Prof. Mohamed Osoble Mohamud( prof Osoble) *Prof Marooko *Prof. Arabow Ibrahim Nur *Prof. Muhudin Hassan Yabarow (Prof Yabarow) *Garyaqaan Dr. Yasin Haji Ambure Gudoomiyaha Hay'adda ACORDO *Dr ABDULLAHI Ali Qoryooley *Dr Ahmed ALI Abdullahi (LEGAALE) *Dr. Hassan Mohamed Sheikh (Bayaan) *Col. Mohamed Nur Baarqab (Maareyihii Som.Tex) *Drs. Mariam Abdulkadir Mohamed Nur Ambure *Dr Sh Eng Ahmed Omar Alasow *Sh Mohamed Kulmiye Axmed *Mr. Mohamed Diini Mohamed Nuur (Aqoon yahaan bartay Ganacsiga iyo Dhaqaalaha) * Xuseen Ibraahim Maxamud (Alxaaji) * Dr Mohamed Morroco * Dr Hassan Muhudin Hassan * ENG Mohamed Abshir Nur * ENG Abdirahman Yusuf Bocor * Eng Zakariye Cumar Makaraan *Dr. Yasin Ahmed Osman Milkiilaha Nootaayada Al-Aamin *Shiikh Dr Mohamed Omar Makaran aqoonyahan ku takhasusay shareecada islaamka iyo caafimaadka *Marwo Sabah Nur Hassan Xubin ka ah Ganacsatada Dalka USA, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Uganda & Somalia ===Wariyeyaasha === Aamino muuse weheliye ( ma aha wacbuudhan) * Bashir Ali Shire * Biibto * Mohamed Muhiadin Ali *Hassan Mohamed Mohamud Fanax * Al Axmed * Xuurshe *Jeeri * Abdirahman Hudeyfi * Mohamed Daauud (Yuumbi) * Mohamed Abdulle Siidi * Abdiaziz Hassan Golf Yare * Shadoor * Nur Hassan Nur Buqaari. *Abdijibar Yusuf Bocor * Hussein abdulle mohamed * Abdullahi kulmiye cadow *Abdikamil yusuf mohamud # Zakariye Axmed Muse * Mohamed Omar Mohamoud (Baakaay) *Abdullahi Moh'ed (Abdullahi Daacad) *Suleiman Haji Ahmed Rage *Kiin Cumar Makaraan ===Dhaqatiirta=== * Dr Mohamed Abukar Sheik Nor ( Dr Aayaha . * Dr Mohamed Ali Sheik Mohamud (Dr Macsaro) * Dr Adnan Ahmed Shire(Dr shire) * Dr Abdullahi Ali Mohamud ( Qoryoley ) * Dr. Abdullaahi Husein * Dr.JAlaaludiin * Dr.Noradin Legaale * Dr.Jimcaale * Dr.Adnaan Abudllahi Hussein * Dr. Hassan Mohamed Nur * Dr.Hassan Xaayow * Dr Xeydar Cali Raage *Dr. Zakarie Osman Adow profssorka. * Dr Abdullahi Maxamud Salax * Dr Abdiwali Yusuf Bocor * Dr Abdullahi Sheikh Hassan (Ciro) * Dr Abdullahi nor buubshe ( cadani) * Dr Abdullahi nur omar ( Dr. Guraash ) * Dr Nur omar warsame ( Dr. Sheekh Nur ) * Dr Abdirahman nur omar ( Dr Ag ) * Dr Muhuadin Omar Mataan (Dr matan) * Dr Axmed Ali uley (Axmed young) jdjrqziuvgt9gb1yaaap37eb3jybm97 10 16101 301483 301138 2026-07-10T13:42:28Z ~2026-34988-39 46219 301483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Abyoone |title=[[Abyoone]] 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*[[35 (tiro)|35]] *[[36 (tiro)|36]] *'''[[37 (tiro)|37]]''' *[[38 (tiro)|38]] *[[39 (tiro)|39]] |list5= *[[40 (tiro)|40]] *'''[[41 (tiro)|41]]''' *[[42 (tiro)|42]] *'''[[43 (tiro)|43]]''' *[[44 (tiro)|44]] *[[45 (tiro)|45]] *[[46 (tiro)|46]] *'''[[47 (tiro)|47]]''' *[[48 (tiro)|48]] *[[49 (tiro)|49]] |list6= *[[50 (tiro)|50]] *[[51 (tiro)|51]] *[[52 (tiro)|52]] *'''[[53 (tiro)|53]]''' *[[54 (tiro)|54]] *[[55 (tiro)|55]] *[[56 (tiro)|56]] *[[57 (tiro)|57]] *[[58 (tiro)|58]] *'''[[59 (tiro)|59]]''' |list7= *[[60 (tiro)|60]] *'''[[61 (tiro)|61]]''' *[[62 (tiro)|62]] *[[63 (tiro)|63]] *[[64 (tiro)|64]] *[[65 (tiro)|65]] *[[66 (tiro)|66]] *'''[[67 (tiro)|67]]''' *[[68 (tiro)|68]] *[[69 (tiro)|69]] |list8= *[[70 (tiro)|70]] *'''[[71 (tiro)|71]]''' *[[72 (tiro)|72]] *'''[[73 (tiro)|73]]''' *[[74 (tiro)|74]] *[[75 (tiro)|75]] *[[76 (tiro)|76]] *[[77 (tiro)|77]] *[[78 (tiro)|78]] *'''[[79 (tiro)|79]]''' |list9= *[[80 (tiro)|80]] *[[81 (tiro)|81]] *[[82 (tiro)|82]] *'''[[83 (tiro)|83]]''' *[[84 (tiro)|84]] *[[85 (tiro)|85]] *[[86 (tiro)|86]] *[[87 (tiro)|87]] *[[88 (tiro)|88]] *'''[[89 (tiro)|89]]''' |list10= *[[90 (tiro)|90]] *[[91 (tiro)|91]] *[[92 (tiro)|92]] *[[93 (tiro)|93]] *[[94 (tiro)|94]] *[[95 (tiro)|95]] *[[96 (tiro)|96]] *'''[[97 (tiro)|97]]''' *[[98 (tiro)|98]] *[[99 (tiro)|99]] }} |list2={{Navbox|child |title=[[100 (tiro)|100]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|1|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[100 (tiro)|100]] *'''[[101 (tiro)|101]]''' *[[102 (tiro)|102]] *'''[[103 (tiro)|103]]''' *[[104 (tiro)|104]] *[[105 (tiro)|105]] *[[106 (tiro)|106]] *'''[[107 (tiro)|107]]''' *[[108 (tiro)|108]] *'''[[109 (tiro)|109]]''' |list2= *[[110 (tiro)|110]] *[[111 (tiro)|111]] *[[112 (tiro)|112]] *'''[[113 (tiro)|113]]''' *[[114 (tiro)|114]] *[[115 (tiro)|115]] *[[116 (tiro)|116]] *[[117 (tiro)|117]] *[[118 (tiro)|118]] *[[119 (tiro)|119]] |list3= *[[120 (tiro)|120]] *[[121 (tiro)|121]] *[[122 (tiro)|122]] *[[123 (tiro)|123]] *[[124 (tiro)|124]] *[[125 (tiro)|125]] *[[126 (tiro)|126]] *'''[[127 (tiro)|127]]''' *[[128 (tiro)|128]] *[[129 (tiro)|129]] |list4= *[[130 (tiro)|130]] *'''[[131 (tiro)|131]]''' *[[132 (tiro)|132]] *[[133 (tiro)|133]] *[[134 (tiro)|134]] *[[135 (tiro)|135]] *[[136 (tiro)|136]] *'''[[137 (tiro)|137]]''' *[[138 (tiro)|138]] *'''[[139 (tiro)|139]]''' |list5= *[[140 (tiro)|140]] *[[141 (tiro)|141]] *[[142 (tiro)|142]] *[[143 (tiro)|143]] *[[144 (tiro)|144]] *[[145 (tiro)|145]] *[[146 (tiro)|146]] *[[147 (tiro)|147]] *[[148 (tiro)|148]] *'''[[149 (tiro)|149]]''' |list6= *[[150 (tiro)|150]] *'''[[151 (tiro)|151]]''' *[[152 (tiro)|152]] *[[153 (tiro)|153]] *[[154 (tiro)|154]] *[[155 (tiro)|155]] *[[156 (tiro)|156]] *'''[[157 (tiro)|157]]''' *[[158 (tiro)|158]] *[[159 (tiro)|159]] |list7= *[[160 (tiro)|160]] *[[161 (tiro)|161]] *[[162 (tiro)|162]] *'''[[163 (tiro)|163]]''' *[[164 (tiro)|164]] *[[165 (tiro)|165]] *[[166 (tiro)|166]] *'''[[167 (tiro)|167]]''' *[[168 (tiro)|168]] *[[169 (tiro)|169]] |list8= *[[170 (tiro)|170]] *[[171 (tiro)|171]] *[[172 (tiro)|172]] *'''[[173 (tiro)|173]]''' *[[174 (tiro)|174]] *[[175 (tiro)|175]] *[[176 (tiro)|176]] *[[177 (tiro)|177]] *[[178 (tiro)|178]] *'''[[179 (tiro)|179]]''' |list9= *[[180 (tiro)|180]] *'''[[181 (tiro)|181]]''' *[[182 (tiro)|182]] *[[183 (tiro)|183]] *[[184 (tiro)|184]] *[[185 (tiro)|185]] *[[186 (tiro)|186]] *[[187 (tiro)|187]] *[[188 (tiro)|188]] *[[189 (tiro)|189]] |list10= *[[190 (tiro)|190]] *'''[[191 (tiro)|191]]''' *[[192 (tiro)|192]] *'''[[193 (tiro)|193]]''' *[[194 (tiro)|194]] *[[195 (tiro)|195]] *[[196 (tiro)|196]] *'''[[197 (tiro)|197]]''' *[[198 (tiro)|198]] *'''[[199 (tiro)|199]]''' }} |list3={{Navbox|child |title=[[200 (tiro)|200]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|2|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[200 (tiro)|200]] *[[201 (tiro)|201]] *[[202 (tiro)|202]] *[[203 (tiro)|203]] *[[204 (tiro)|204]] *[[205 (tiro)|205]] *[[206 (tiro)|206]] *[[207 (tiro)|207]] *[[208 (tiro)|208]] *[[209 (tiro)|209]] |list2= *[[210 (tiro)|210]] *'''[[211 (tiro)|211]]''' *[[212 (tiro)|212]] *[[213 (tiro)|213]] *[[214 (tiro)|214]] *[[215 (tiro)|215]] *[[216 (tiro)|216]] *[[217 (tiro)|217]] *[[218 (tiro)|218]] *[[219 (tiro)|219]] |list3= *[[220 (tiro)|220]] *[[221 (tiro)|221]] *[[222 (tiro)|222]] *'''[[223 (tiro)|223]]''' *[[224 (tiro)|224]] *[[225 (tiro)|225]] *[[226 (tiro)|226]] *'''[[227 (tiro)|227]]''' *[[228 (tiro)|228]] *'''[[229 (tiro)|229]]''' |list4= *[[230 (tiro)|230]] *[[231 (tiro)|231]] *[[232 (tiro)|232]] *'''[[233 (tiro)|233]]''' *[[234 (tiro)|234]] *[[235 (tiro)|235]] *[[236 (tiro)|236]] *[[237 (tiro)|237]] *[[238 (tiro)|238]] *'''[[239 (tiro)|239]]''' |list5= *[[240 (tiro)|240]] *'''[[241 (tiro)|241]]''' *[[242 (tiro)|242]] *[[243 (tiro)|243]] *[[244 (tiro)|244]] *[[245 (tiro)|245]] *[[246 (tiro)|246]] *[[247 (tiro)|247]] *[[248 (tiro)|248]] *[[249 (tiro)|249]] |list6= *[[250 (tiro)|250]] *'''[[251 (tiro)|251]]''' *[[252 (tiro)|252]] *[[253 (tiro)|253]] *[[254 (tiro)|254]] *[[255 (tiro)|255]] *[[256 (tiro)|256]] *'''[[257 (tiro)|257]]''' *[[258 (tiro)|258]] *[[259 (tiro)|259]] |list7= *[[260 (tiro)|260]] *[[261 (tiro)|261]] *[[262 (tiro)|262]] *'''[[263 (tiro)|263]]''' *[[264 (tiro)|264]] *[[265 (tiro)|265]] *[[266 (tiro)|266]] *[[267 (tiro)|267]] *[[268 (tiro)|268]] *'''[[269 (tiro)|269]]''' |list8= *[[270 (tiro)|270]] *'''[[271 (tiro)|271]]''' *[[272 (tiro)|272]] *[[273 (tiro)|273]] *[[274 (tiro)|274]] *[[275 (tiro)|275]] *[[276 (tiro)|276]] *'''[[277 (tiro)|277]]''' *[[278 (tiro)|278]] *[[279 (tiro)|279]] |list9= *[[280 (tiro)|280]] *'''[[281 (tiro)|281]]''' *[[282 (tiro)|282]] *'''[[283 (tiro)|283]]''' *[[284 (tiro)|284]] *[[285 (tiro)|285]] *[[286 (tiro)|286]] *[[287 (tiro)|287]] *[[288 (tiro)|288]] *[[289 (tiro)|289]] |list10= *[[290 (tiro)|290]] *[[291 (tiro)|291]] *[[292 (tiro)|292]] *'''[[293 (tiro)|293]]''' *[[294 (tiro)|294]] *[[295 (tiro)|295]] *[[296 (tiro)|296]] *[[297 (tiro)|297]] *[[298 (tiro)|298]] *[[299 (tiro)|299]] }} |list4={{Navbox|child |title=[[300 (tiro)|300]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|3|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[300 (tiro)|300]] *[[301 (tiro)|301]] *[[302 (tiro)|302]] *[[303 (tiro)|303]] *[[304 (tiro)|304]] *[[305 (tiro)|305]] *[[306 (tiro)|306]] *'''[[307 (tiro)|307]]''' *[[308 (tiro)|308]] *[[309 (tiro)|309]] |list2= *[[310 (tiro)|310]] *'''[[311 (tiro)|311]]''' *[[312 (tiro)|312]] *'''[[313 (tiro)|313]]''' *[[314 (tiro)|314]] *[[315 (tiro)|315]] *[[316 (tiro)|316]] *'''[[317 (tiro)|317]]''' *[[318 (tiro)|318]] *[[319 (tiro)|319]] |list3= *[[320 (tiro)|320]] *[[321 (tiro)|321]] *[[322 (tiro)|322]] *[[323 (tiro)|323]] *[[324 (tiro)|324]] *[[325 (tiro)|325]] *[[326 (tiro)|326]] *[[327 (tiro)|327]] *[[328 (tiro)|328]] *[[329 (tiro)|329]] |list4= *[[330 (tiro)|330]] *'''[[331 (tiro)|331]] *[[332 (tiro)|332]] *[[333 (tiro)|333]] *[[334 (tiro)|334]] *[[335 (tiro)|335]] *[[336 (tiro)|336]] *'''[[337 (tiro)|337]]''' *[[338 (tiro)|338]] *[[339 (tiro)|339]] |list5= *[[340 (tiro)|340]] *[[341 (tiro)|341]] *[[342 (tiro)|342]] *[[343 (tiro)|343]] *[[344 (tiro)|344]] *[[345 (tiro)|345]] *[[346 (tiro)|346]] *'''[[347 (tiro)|347]]''' *[[348 (tiro)|348]] *'''[[349 (tiro)|349]]''' |list6= *[[350 (tiro)|350]] *[[351 (tiro)|351]] *[[352 (tiro)|352]] *'''[[353 (tiro)|353]]''' *[[354 (tiro)|354]] *[[355 (tiro)|355]] *[[356 (tiro)|356]] *[[357 (tiro)|357]] *[[358 (tiro)|358]] *'''[[359 (tiro)|359]]''' |list7= *[[360 (tiro)|360]] *[[361 (tiro)|361]] *[[362 (tiro)|362]] *[[363 (tiro)|363]] *[[364 (tiro)|364]] *[[365 (tiro)|365]] *[[366 (tiro)|366]] *'''[[367 (tiro)|367]]''' *[[368 (tiro)|368]] *[[369 (tiro)|369]] |list8= *[[370 (tiro)|370]] *[[371 (tiro)|371]] *[[372 (tiro)|372]] *'''[[373 (tiro)|373]]''' *[[374 (tiro)|374]] *[[375 (tiro)|375]] *[[376 (tiro)|376]] *[[377 (tiro)|377]] *[[378 (tiro)|378]] *'''[[379 (tiro)|379]]''' |list9= *[[380 (tiro)|380]] *[[381 (tiro)|381]] *[[382 (tiro)|382]] *'''[[383 (tiro)|383]]''' *[[384 (tiro)|384]] *[[385 (tiro)|385]] *[[386 (tiro)|386]] *[[387 (tiro)|387]] *[[388 (tiro)|388]] *'''[[389 (tiro)|389]]''' |list10= }} |list5={{Navbox|child |title=[[400 (tiro)|400]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|4|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list6={{Navbox|child |title=[[500 (tiro)|500]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|5|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list7={{Navbox|child |title=[[600 (tiro)|600]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|6|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list8={{Navbox|child |title=[[700 (tiro)|700]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|7|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list9={{Navbox|child |title=[[800 (tiro)|800]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|8|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list10={{Navbox|child |title=[[900 (tiro)|900]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|9|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |below=Tirooyinka qoraalkooda la waaweyneeyay waa [[Tiro mutuxan|tirooyin mutuxan]]}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Tusmo xisaab]] </noinclude> bb481ipk7w7scm1i1wktq4yjnf6arhl 301484 301483 2026-07-10T13:49:57Z ~2026-34988-39 46219 301484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name=Abyoone |title=[[Abyoone]] |state=collapsed |listclass=hlist |style=clear:none; width:70%;min-width:40em |list1={{Navbox|child |title=[[0 (tiro)|0]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|zero|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *&nbsp;[[0 (tiro)|0]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[1 (tiro)|1]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[2 (tiro)|2]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[3 (tiro)|3]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[4 (tiro)|4]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[5 (tiro)|5]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[6 (tiro)|6]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;'''[[7 (tiro)|7]]'''&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[8 (tiro)|8]]&nbsp; *&nbsp;[[9 (tiro)|9]] |list2= *[[10 (tiro)|10]] *'''[[11 (tiro)|11]]''' *[[12 (tiro)|12]] *'''[[13 (tiro)|13]]''' *[[14 (tiro)|14]] *[[15 (tiro)|15]] *[[16 (tiro)|16]] *'''[[17 (tiro)|17]]''' *[[18 (tiro)|18]] *'''[[19 (tiro)|19]]''' |list3= *[[20 (tiro)|20]] *[[21 (tiro)|21]] *[[22 (tiro)|22]] *'''[[23 (tiro)|23]]''' *[[24 (tiro)|24]] *[[25 (tiro)|25]] *[[26 (tiro)|26]] *[[27 (tiro)|27]] *[[28 (tiro)|28]] *'''[[29 (tiro)|29]]''' |list4= *[[30 (tiro)|30]] *'''[[31 (tiro)|31]]''' *[[32 (tiro)|32]] *[[33 (tiro)|33]] *[[34 (tiro)|34]] *[[35 (tiro)|35]] *[[36 (tiro)|36]] *'''[[37 (tiro)|37]]''' *[[38 (tiro)|38]] *[[39 (tiro)|39]] |list5= *[[40 (tiro)|40]] *'''[[41 (tiro)|41]]''' *[[42 (tiro)|42]] *'''[[43 (tiro)|43]]''' *[[44 (tiro)|44]] *[[45 (tiro)|45]] *[[46 (tiro)|46]] *'''[[47 (tiro)|47]]''' *[[48 (tiro)|48]] *[[49 (tiro)|49]] |list6= *[[50 (tiro)|50]] *[[51 (tiro)|51]] *[[52 (tiro)|52]] *'''[[53 (tiro)|53]]''' *[[54 (tiro)|54]] *[[55 (tiro)|55]] *[[56 (tiro)|56]] *[[57 (tiro)|57]] *[[58 (tiro)|58]] *'''[[59 (tiro)|59]]''' |list7= *[[60 (tiro)|60]] *'''[[61 (tiro)|61]]''' *[[62 (tiro)|62]] *[[63 (tiro)|63]] *[[64 (tiro)|64]] *[[65 (tiro)|65]] *[[66 (tiro)|66]] *'''[[67 (tiro)|67]]''' *[[68 (tiro)|68]] *[[69 (tiro)|69]] |list8= *[[70 (tiro)|70]] *'''[[71 (tiro)|71]]''' *[[72 (tiro)|72]] *'''[[73 (tiro)|73]]''' *[[74 (tiro)|74]] *[[75 (tiro)|75]] *[[76 (tiro)|76]] *[[77 (tiro)|77]] *[[78 (tiro)|78]] *'''[[79 (tiro)|79]]''' |list9= *[[80 (tiro)|80]] *[[81 (tiro)|81]] *[[82 (tiro)|82]] *'''[[83 (tiro)|83]]''' *[[84 (tiro)|84]] *[[85 (tiro)|85]] *[[86 (tiro)|86]] *[[87 (tiro)|87]] *[[88 (tiro)|88]] *'''[[89 (tiro)|89]]''' |list10= *[[90 (tiro)|90]] *[[91 (tiro)|91]] *[[92 (tiro)|92]] *[[93 (tiro)|93]] *[[94 (tiro)|94]] *[[95 (tiro)|95]] *[[96 (tiro)|96]] *'''[[97 (tiro)|97]]''' *[[98 (tiro)|98]] *[[99 (tiro)|99]] }} |list2={{Navbox|child |title=[[100 (tiro)|100]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|1|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[100 (tiro)|100]] *'''[[101 (tiro)|101]]''' *[[102 (tiro)|102]] *'''[[103 (tiro)|103]]''' *[[104 (tiro)|104]] *[[105 (tiro)|105]] *[[106 (tiro)|106]] *'''[[107 (tiro)|107]]''' *[[108 (tiro)|108]] *'''[[109 (tiro)|109]]''' |list2= *[[110 (tiro)|110]] *[[111 (tiro)|111]] *[[112 (tiro)|112]] *'''[[113 (tiro)|113]]''' *[[114 (tiro)|114]] *[[115 (tiro)|115]] *[[116 (tiro)|116]] *[[117 (tiro)|117]] *[[118 (tiro)|118]] *[[119 (tiro)|119]] |list3= *[[120 (tiro)|120]] *[[121 (tiro)|121]] *[[122 (tiro)|122]] *[[123 (tiro)|123]] *[[124 (tiro)|124]] *[[125 (tiro)|125]] *[[126 (tiro)|126]] *'''[[127 (tiro)|127]]''' *[[128 (tiro)|128]] *[[129 (tiro)|129]] |list4= *[[130 (tiro)|130]] *'''[[131 (tiro)|131]]''' *[[132 (tiro)|132]] *[[133 (tiro)|133]] *[[134 (tiro)|134]] *[[135 (tiro)|135]] *[[136 (tiro)|136]] *'''[[137 (tiro)|137]]''' *[[138 (tiro)|138]] *'''[[139 (tiro)|139]]''' |list5= *[[140 (tiro)|140]] *[[141 (tiro)|141]] *[[142 (tiro)|142]] *[[143 (tiro)|143]] *[[144 (tiro)|144]] *[[145 (tiro)|145]] *[[146 (tiro)|146]] *[[147 (tiro)|147]] *[[148 (tiro)|148]] *'''[[149 (tiro)|149]]''' |list6= *[[150 (tiro)|150]] *'''[[151 (tiro)|151]]''' *[[152 (tiro)|152]] *[[153 (tiro)|153]] *[[154 (tiro)|154]] *[[155 (tiro)|155]] *[[156 (tiro)|156]] *'''[[157 (tiro)|157]]''' *[[158 (tiro)|158]] *[[159 (tiro)|159]] |list7= *[[160 (tiro)|160]] *[[161 (tiro)|161]] *[[162 (tiro)|162]] *'''[[163 (tiro)|163]]''' *[[164 (tiro)|164]] *[[165 (tiro)|165]] *[[166 (tiro)|166]] *'''[[167 (tiro)|167]]''' *[[168 (tiro)|168]] *[[169 (tiro)|169]] |list8= *[[170 (tiro)|170]] *[[171 (tiro)|171]] *[[172 (tiro)|172]] *'''[[173 (tiro)|173]]''' *[[174 (tiro)|174]] *[[175 (tiro)|175]] *[[176 (tiro)|176]] *[[177 (tiro)|177]] *[[178 (tiro)|178]] *'''[[179 (tiro)|179]]''' |list9= *[[180 (tiro)|180]] *'''[[181 (tiro)|181]]''' *[[182 (tiro)|182]] *[[183 (tiro)|183]] *[[184 (tiro)|184]] *[[185 (tiro)|185]] *[[186 (tiro)|186]] *[[187 (tiro)|187]] *[[188 (tiro)|188]] *[[189 (tiro)|189]] |list10= *[[190 (tiro)|190]] *'''[[191 (tiro)|191]]''' *[[192 (tiro)|192]] *'''[[193 (tiro)|193]]''' *[[194 (tiro)|194]] *[[195 (tiro)|195]] *[[196 (tiro)|196]] *'''[[197 (tiro)|197]]''' *[[198 (tiro)|198]] *'''[[199 (tiro)|199]]''' }} |list3={{Navbox|child |title=[[200 (tiro)|200]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|2|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[200 (tiro)|200]] *[[201 (tiro)|201]] *[[202 (tiro)|202]] *[[203 (tiro)|203]] *[[204 (tiro)|204]] *[[205 (tiro)|205]] *[[206 (tiro)|206]] *[[207 (tiro)|207]] *[[208 (tiro)|208]] *[[209 (tiro)|209]] |list2= *[[210 (tiro)|210]] *'''[[211 (tiro)|211]]''' *[[212 (tiro)|212]] *[[213 (tiro)|213]] *[[214 (tiro)|214]] *[[215 (tiro)|215]] *[[216 (tiro)|216]] *[[217 (tiro)|217]] *[[218 (tiro)|218]] *[[219 (tiro)|219]] |list3= *[[220 (tiro)|220]] *[[221 (tiro)|221]] *[[222 (tiro)|222]] *'''[[223 (tiro)|223]]''' *[[224 (tiro)|224]] *[[225 (tiro)|225]] *[[226 (tiro)|226]] *'''[[227 (tiro)|227]]''' *[[228 (tiro)|228]] *'''[[229 (tiro)|229]]''' |list4= *[[230 (tiro)|230]] *[[231 (tiro)|231]] *[[232 (tiro)|232]] *'''[[233 (tiro)|233]]''' *[[234 (tiro)|234]] *[[235 (tiro)|235]] *[[236 (tiro)|236]] *[[237 (tiro)|237]] *[[238 (tiro)|238]] *'''[[239 (tiro)|239]]''' |list5= *[[240 (tiro)|240]] *'''[[241 (tiro)|241]]''' *[[242 (tiro)|242]] *[[243 (tiro)|243]] *[[244 (tiro)|244]] *[[245 (tiro)|245]] *[[246 (tiro)|246]] *[[247 (tiro)|247]] *[[248 (tiro)|248]] *[[249 (tiro)|249]] |list6= *[[250 (tiro)|250]] *'''[[251 (tiro)|251]]''' *[[252 (tiro)|252]] *[[253 (tiro)|253]] *[[254 (tiro)|254]] *[[255 (tiro)|255]] *[[256 (tiro)|256]] *'''[[257 (tiro)|257]]''' *[[258 (tiro)|258]] *[[259 (tiro)|259]] |list7= *[[260 (tiro)|260]] *[[261 (tiro)|261]] *[[262 (tiro)|262]] *'''[[263 (tiro)|263]]''' *[[264 (tiro)|264]] *[[265 (tiro)|265]] *[[266 (tiro)|266]] *[[267 (tiro)|267]] *[[268 (tiro)|268]] *'''[[269 (tiro)|269]]''' |list8= *[[270 (tiro)|270]] *'''[[271 (tiro)|271]]''' *[[272 (tiro)|272]] *[[273 (tiro)|273]] *[[274 (tiro)|274]] *[[275 (tiro)|275]] *[[276 (tiro)|276]] *'''[[277 (tiro)|277]]''' *[[278 (tiro)|278]] *[[279 (tiro)|279]] |list9= *[[280 (tiro)|280]] *'''[[281 (tiro)|281]]''' *[[282 (tiro)|282]] *'''[[283 (tiro)|283]]''' *[[284 (tiro)|284]] *[[285 (tiro)|285]] *[[286 (tiro)|286]] *[[287 (tiro)|287]] *[[288 (tiro)|288]] *[[289 (tiro)|289]] |list10= *[[290 (tiro)|290]] *[[291 (tiro)|291]] *[[292 (tiro)|292]] *'''[[293 (tiro)|293]]''' *[[294 (tiro)|294]] *[[295 (tiro)|295]] *[[296 (tiro)|296]] *[[297 (tiro)|297]] *[[298 (tiro)|298]] *[[299 (tiro)|299]] }} |list4={{Navbox|child |title=[[300 (tiro)|300]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|3|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[300 (tiro)|300]] *[[301 (tiro)|301]] *[[302 (tiro)|302]] *[[303 (tiro)|303]] *[[304 (tiro)|304]] *[[305 (tiro)|305]] *[[306 (tiro)|306]] *'''[[307 (tiro)|307]]''' *[[308 (tiro)|308]] *[[309 (tiro)|309]] |list2= *[[310 (tiro)|310]] *'''[[311 (tiro)|311]]''' *[[312 (tiro)|312]] *'''[[313 (tiro)|313]]''' *[[314 (tiro)|314]] *[[315 (tiro)|315]] *[[316 (tiro)|316]] *'''[[317 (tiro)|317]]''' *[[318 (tiro)|318]] *[[319 (tiro)|319]] |list3= *[[320 (tiro)|320]] *[[321 (tiro)|321]] *[[322 (tiro)|322]] *[[323 (tiro)|323]] *[[324 (tiro)|324]] *[[325 (tiro)|325]] *[[326 (tiro)|326]] *[[327 (tiro)|327]] *[[328 (tiro)|328]] *[[329 (tiro)|329]] |list4= *[[330 (tiro)|330]] *'''[[331 (tiro)|331]] *[[332 (tiro)|332]] *[[333 (tiro)|333]] *[[334 (tiro)|334]] *[[335 (tiro)|335]] *[[336 (tiro)|336]] *'''[[337 (tiro)|337]]''' *[[338 (tiro)|338]] *[[339 (tiro)|339]] |list5= *[[340 (tiro)|340]] *[[341 (tiro)|341]] *[[342 (tiro)|342]] *[[343 (tiro)|343]] *[[344 (tiro)|344]] *[[345 (tiro)|345]] *[[346 (tiro)|346]] *'''[[347 (tiro)|347]]''' *[[348 (tiro)|348]] *'''[[349 (tiro)|349]]''' |list6= *[[350 (tiro)|350]] *[[351 (tiro)|351]] *[[352 (tiro)|352]] *'''[[353 (tiro)|353]]''' *[[354 (tiro)|354]] *[[355 (tiro)|355]] *[[356 (tiro)|356]] *[[357 (tiro)|357]] *[[358 (tiro)|358]] *'''[[359 (tiro)|359]]''' |list7= *[[360 (tiro)|360]] *[[361 (tiro)|361]] *[[362 (tiro)|362]] *[[363 (tiro)|363]] *[[364 (tiro)|364]] *[[365 (tiro)|365]] *[[366 (tiro)|366]] *'''[[367 (tiro)|367]]''' *[[368 (tiro)|368]] *[[369 (tiro)|369]] |list8= *[[370 (tiro)|370]] *[[371 (tiro)|371]] *[[372 (tiro)|372]] *'''[[373 (tiro)|373]]''' *[[374 (tiro)|374]] *[[375 (tiro)|375]] *[[376 (tiro)|376]] *[[377 (tiro)|377]] *[[378 (tiro)|378]] *'''[[379 (tiro)|379]]''' |list9= *[[380 (tiro)|380]] *[[381 (tiro)|381]] *[[382 (tiro)|382]] *'''[[383 (tiro)|383]]''' *[[384 (tiro)|384]] *[[385 (tiro)|385]] *[[386 (tiro)|386]] *[[387 (tiro)|387]] *[[388 (tiro)|388]] *'''[[389 (tiro)|389]]''' |list10= *[[390 (tiro)|390]] *[[391 (tiro)|391]] *[[392 (tiro)|392]] *[[393 (tiro)|393]] *[[394 (tiro)|394]] *[[395 (tiro)|395]] *[[396 (tiro)|396]] *'''[[397 (tiro)|397]]''' *[[398 (tiro)|398]] *[[399 (tiro)|399]] }} |list5={{Navbox|child |title=[[400 (tiro)|400]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|4|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list6={{Navbox|child |title=[[500 (tiro)|500]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|5|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list7={{Navbox|child |title=[[600 (tiro)|600]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|6|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list8={{Navbox|child |title=[[700 (tiro)|700]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|7|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list9={{Navbox|child |title=[[800 (tiro)|800]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|8|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list10={{Navbox|child |title=[[900 (tiro)|900]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|9|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |below=Tirooyinka qoraalkooda la waaweyneeyay waa [[Tiro mutuxan|tirooyin mutuxan]]}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Tusmo xisaab]] </noinclude> cre1imk6v52yzszdvhqir2aqv3qpi57 0 17289 301482 266158 2026-07-10T13:38:43Z ~2026-22643-79 46339 301482 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan caasimadaha. Maqaalo la mid ah fiiri [[magaalo]].'' ::''Haku khaldin "[[magaalo madax]]" '''Caasimad''' ([[ingiriis]]: city; [[carabi]]: مدينة) waa deegaan aad u balaadhan oo [[dad]] iyo duunyo ku dhaqan yahay. Sidoo kale, marar badan ereyga caasimad wuxuu u taagan yahay [[magaalo|magaalada]] saldhiga u ah [[dowlad]]a wadankaasi ama maamulkaasi tusaale ahaan [https://www.cishqi.net/category/caasimada/ caasimada] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cishqi.net/category/caasimada/ |date=20210722111615 }} dalkeena hooyo ee Muqdisho. In kastoo, qaarada [[Afrika]] caasimadu tahay kaliya magaalada ugu weyn deegaankaasi, wadanada reer galbeedka ahi caasimad waxay u yaqaanaan deegaan aad u baladhan, leh dowlad hoose, dhaqaale fiican, isla markaana ay ku dhaqan yihiin dad faro badan. [[File:Minato City, Tokyo, Japan.jpg|thumb|right|500px|{{Flag|Japan}} Caasimad Japan '''[[Tokyo]]''']] [[File:HargeisaDrone.jpg|thumb|right|500px|Somaliland caasimad Hargesia]] {{...}} [[Category:Dhul]] [[Category:Juqraafi]] c8xcf9ff09ybgsig23mi28mmbhbj9mq 0 17349 301405 194400 2026-07-10T12:01:23Z Videoiib7 46243 301405 wikitext text/x-wiki :: ''maqaal ku saabsan Malcolm X. Boga "Malik Shabazz" halkan ayaa laga soo toosiyay.'' {{Infobox person |name = Malcolm X |image = Malcolm X NYWTS 2a.jpg |alt = Malcolm X in March 1964 |caption = Malcolm X sanadkii 1964 |birth_name = Malcolm Yare |birth_date = Maayo 5, 1925 |birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Omaha, Nebraska]], U.S.}} |death_date = Febraayo 21, 1965 |death_place = {{nowrap|[[New York City]], [[New York]], U.S.}} |death_cause = La diley (xabad lala dhacay) |resting_place = Xabaalaha Ferncliff |occupation = Daaci, hogaamiye |other_names = el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz (الحاجّ مالك الشباز) |movement = Dhaqdhaqaaqa dadka Madow,<br/>[[Afrikan Ameerikan|Pan-Africanism]] |organization = [[Bulshada Islam]], Muslim Mosque, Inc., [[Dadka Madoow|Ururka Midowga Afrikan-Amerikanka]] | height = 6 ft 3 in | weight = 180 lb |monuments = |education = |religion = [[Sunni Islam]]<br/>(ka soo bedeshay [[Bulshada Islam]]) |spouse = Betty Shabazz (m. 1958) |children = Attallah Shabazz<br/>Qubilah Shabazz<br/>Ilyasah Shabazz<br/>Gamilah Lumumba Shabazz<br/>Malikah Shabazz<br/>Malaak Shabazz |parents = Earl Little,<br/>Louise Helen Norton Little |website = |signature = Malcolm X Signature.svg }} '''Malkoom X''', markii dambe la baxay '''"Malik Shabazz"''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|æ|l|k|əm|_|ˈ|ɛ|k|s}} ([[carabi]]: الحاجّ مالك الشباز‎) (dhashay Maayo 19, 1925 – Febraayo 21, 1965) wuxuu ahaa hogaamiye [[diin]]eed iyo dhaqdhaqaaqe bulsho u dhashay [[Dadka Madoow]] ee wadanka [[Maraykanka]]. [[Category:Maraykanka]] [[Category:Dad]] Aabihiis waxaa dilay koox caddaan ah oo xagjir ah markii uu Malkoom X yaraa, ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah adeerkiisna waa la dilay. Hooyadiis waxaa loo diray isbitaal dhimirka ah markii uu jiray saddex iyo toban, Malcolm X-na waxaa la dhigay daryeelka korinta carruurta. Sannadkii 1946, isagoo labaatan jir ah, waxaa loo xiray dhac iyo xatooyo. Inta uu xabsiga ku jiray, Malkoom X wuxuu ku biiray Qaranka Islaamka. Markii la sii daayay 1952, si dhakhso ah ayuu caan u noqday, isagoo noqday mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha dhaqdhaqaaqa. Qiyaastii toban sano ka dib, wuxuu noqday afhayeenka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khilaaf ka dhashay hoggaamiyaha dhaqdhaqaaqa, Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X wuxuu ka tagay Qaranka Islaamka bishii Maarso 1964. Kadib wuxuu u safray Afrika iyo Bariga Dhexe, isagoo gudanaya xajka Xajka, ka hor inta uusan ku laaban Mareykanka, halkaas oo uu ka aasaasay Ururka Masaajidka Muslimiinta iyo Ururka Midnimada Afrika-Mareykanka. Bishii Febraayo 1965, wax ka yar hal sano ka dib markii uu ka baxay Qaranka Islaamka, waxaa dilay saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan dhaqdhaqaaqa. Fikradaha iyo caqiidooyinka Malkoom X waxay galeen isbeddel xooggan intii uu noolaa. Isagoo ah afhayeen u hadlay Nation of Islam, wuxuu dhiirrigeliyay kala soocidda dadka Madow iyo kuwa Cadaanka ah ee Mareykanka, isagoo dadka Madow ku kicinaya dadka cadaanka ah isla markaana kicinaya dareenka cunsuriyadda. Kadib markii uu ka baxay dhaqdhaqaaqa sanadkii 1964, wuxuu yiri, "Waxaan sameeyay waxyaabo badan oo aan weli ka qoomameynayo. Waxaan ahaa qof aad u caqli badan wakhtigaas, si fudud ayaan u horseeday waddo gaar ah." Malkoom X wuxuu qaatay diinta Islaamka Sunniga ah, isagoo iska fogeeyay cunsuriyadda iyo kala soocidda, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaan ah inuu la shaqeeyo dadka u dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda madaniga ah, inkastoo uu weli ku nuuxnuuxsaday baahida loo qabo in dadka Madow ay helaan xaqa ay u leeyihiin inay is-go'aansadaan oo ay is-difaacaan. j0eg0f62dnscta7ukpyamq406w21hnq 301409 301405 2026-07-10T12:03:21Z Videoiib7 46243 301409 wikitext text/x-wiki :: ''maqaal ku saabsan Malcolm X. Boga "Malik Shabazz" halkan ayaa laga soo toosiyay.'' {{Infobox person |name = Malcolm X |image = Malcolm X NYWTS 2a.jpg |alt = Malcolm X in March 1964 |caption = Malcolm X sanadkii 1964 |birth_name = Malcolm Yare |birth_date = Maayo 5, 1925 |birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Omaha, Nebraska]], U.S.}} |death_date = Febraayo 21, 1965 |death_place = {{nowrap|[[New York City]], [[New York]], U.S.}} |death_cause = La diley (xabad lala dhacay) |resting_place = Xabaalaha Ferncliff |occupation = Daaci, hogaamiye |other_names = el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz (الحاجّ مالك الشباز) |movement = Dhaqdhaqaaqa dadka Madow,<br/>[[Afrikan Ameerikan|Pan-Africanism]] |organization = [[Bulshada Islam]], Muslim Mosque, Inc., [[Dadka Madoow|Ururka Midowga Afrikan-Amerikanka]] | height = 6 ft 3 in | weight = 180 lb |monuments = |education = |religion = [[Sunni Islam]]<br/>(ka soo bedeshay [[Bulshada Islam]]) |spouse = Betty Shabazz (m. 1958) |children = Attallah Shabazz<br/>Qubilah Shabazz<br/>Ilyasah Shabazz<br/>Gamilah Lumumba Shabazz<br/>Malikah Shabazz<br/>Malaak Shabazz |parents = Earl Little,<br/>Louise Helen Norton Little |website = |signature = Malcolm X Signature.svg }} '''Malkoom X''', markii dambe la baxay '''"Malik Shabazz"''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|æ|l|k|əm|_|ˈ|ɛ|k|s}} ([[carabi]]: الحاجّ مالك الشباز‎) (dhashay Maayo 19, 1925 – Febraayo 21, 1965) wuxuu ahaa hogaamiye [[diin]]eed iyo dhaqdhaqaaqe bulsho u dhashay [[Dadka Madoow]] ee wadanka [[Maraykanka]]. [[Category:Maraykanka]] [[Category:Dad]] Aabihiis waxaa dilay koox caddaan ah oo xagjir ah markii uu Malkoom X yaraa, ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah adeerkiisna waa la dilay. Hooyadiis waxaa loo diray isbitaal dhimirka ah markii uu jiray saddex iyo toban, Malcolm X-na waxaa la dhigay daryeelka korinta carruurta. Sannadkii 1946, isagoo labaatan jir ah, waxaa loo xiray dhac iyo xatooyo. Inta uu xabsiga ku jiray, Malkoom X wuxuu ku biiray Qaranka Islaamka. Markii la sii daayay 1952, si dhakhso ah ayuu caan u noqday, isagoo noqday mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha dhaqdhaqaaqa. Qiyaastii toban sano ka dib, wuxuu noqday afhayeenka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khilaaf ka dhashay hoggaamiyaha dhaqdhaqaaqa, Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X wuxuu ka tagay Qaranka Islaamka bishii Maarso 1964. Kadib wuxuu u safray Afrika iyo Bariga Dhexe, isagoo gudanaya xajka Xajka, ka hor inta uusan ku laaban Mareykanka, halkaas oo uu ka aasaasay Ururka Masaajidka Muslimiinta iyo Ururka Midnimada Afrika-Mareykanka. Bishii Febraayo 1965, wax ka yar hal sano ka dib markii uu ka baxay Qaranka Islaamka, waxaa dilay saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan dhaqdhaqaaqa. Fikradaha iyo caqiidooyinka Malkoom X waxay galeen isbeddel xooggan intii uu noolaa. Isagoo ah afhayeen u hadlay Nation of Islam, wuxuu dhiirrigeliyay kala soocidda dadka Madow iyo kuwa Cadaanka ah ee Mareykanka, isagoo dadka Madow ku kicinaya dadka cadaanka ah isla markaana kicinaya dareenka cunsuriyadda. Kadib markii uu ka baxay dhaqdhaqaaqa sanadkii 1964, wuxuu yiri, "Waxaan sameeyay waxyaabo badan oo aan weli ka qoomameynayo. Waxaan ahaa qof aad u caqli badan wakhtigaas, si fudud ayaan u horseeday waddo gaar ah." Malkoom X wuxuu qaatay diinta Islaamka Sunniga ah, isagoo iska fogeeyay cunsuriyadda iyo kala soocidda, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaan ah inuu la shaqeeyo dadka u dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda madaniga ah, inkastoo uu weli ku nuuxnuuxsaday baahida loo qabo in dadka Madow ay helaan xaqa ay u leeyihiin inay is-go'aansadaan oo ay is-difaacaan. ==Noloshada Hore== msxmrybo8dpow0et252mky8v686fo6q 301416 301409 2026-07-10T12:07:57Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Noloshada Hore */ 301416 wikitext text/x-wiki :: ''maqaal ku saabsan Malcolm X. Boga "Malik Shabazz" halkan ayaa laga soo toosiyay.'' {{Infobox person |name = Malcolm X |image = Malcolm X NYWTS 2a.jpg |alt = Malcolm X in March 1964 |caption = Malcolm X sanadkii 1964 |birth_name = Malcolm Yare |birth_date = Maayo 5, 1925 |birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Omaha, Nebraska]], U.S.}} |death_date = Febraayo 21, 1965 |death_place = {{nowrap|[[New York City]], [[New York]], U.S.}} |death_cause = La diley (xabad lala dhacay) |resting_place = Xabaalaha Ferncliff |occupation = Daaci, hogaamiye |other_names = el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz (الحاجّ مالك الشباز) |movement = Dhaqdhaqaaqa dadka Madow,<br/>[[Afrikan Ameerikan|Pan-Africanism]] |organization = [[Bulshada Islam]], Muslim Mosque, Inc., [[Dadka Madoow|Ururka Midowga Afrikan-Amerikanka]] | height = 6 ft 3 in | weight = 180 lb |monuments = |education = |religion = [[Sunni Islam]]<br/>(ka soo bedeshay [[Bulshada Islam]]) |spouse = Betty Shabazz (m. 1958) |children = Attallah Shabazz<br/>Qubilah Shabazz<br/>Ilyasah Shabazz<br/>Gamilah Lumumba Shabazz<br/>Malikah Shabazz<br/>Malaak Shabazz |parents = Earl Little,<br/>Louise Helen Norton Little |website = |signature = Malcolm X Signature.svg }} '''Malkoom X''', markii dambe la baxay '''"Malik Shabazz"''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|æ|l|k|əm|_|ˈ|ɛ|k|s}} ([[carabi]]: الحاجّ مالك الشباز‎) (dhashay Maayo 19, 1925 – Febraayo 21, 1965) wuxuu ahaa hogaamiye [[diin]]eed iyo dhaqdhaqaaqe bulsho u dhashay [[Dadka Madoow]] ee wadanka [[Maraykanka]]. [[Category:Maraykanka]] [[Category:Dad]] Aabihiis waxaa dilay koox caddaan ah oo xagjir ah markii uu Malkoom X yaraa, ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah adeerkiisna waa la dilay. Hooyadiis waxaa loo diray isbitaal dhimirka ah markii uu jiray saddex iyo toban, Malcolm X-na waxaa la dhigay daryeelka korinta carruurta. Sannadkii 1946, isagoo labaatan jir ah, waxaa loo xiray dhac iyo xatooyo. Inta uu xabsiga ku jiray, Malkoom X wuxuu ku biiray Qaranka Islaamka. Markii la sii daayay 1952, si dhakhso ah ayuu caan u noqday, isagoo noqday mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha dhaqdhaqaaqa. Qiyaastii toban sano ka dib, wuxuu noqday afhayeenka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khilaaf ka dhashay hoggaamiyaha dhaqdhaqaaqa, Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X wuxuu ka tagay Qaranka Islaamka bishii Maarso 1964. Kadib wuxuu u safray Afrika iyo Bariga Dhexe, isagoo gudanaya xajka Xajka, ka hor inta uusan ku laaban Mareykanka, halkaas oo uu ka aasaasay Ururka Masaajidka Muslimiinta iyo Ururka Midnimada Afrika-Mareykanka. Bishii Febraayo 1965, wax ka yar hal sano ka dib markii uu ka baxay Qaranka Islaamka, waxaa dilay saddex xubnood oo ka tirsan dhaqdhaqaaqa. Fikradaha iyo caqiidooyinka Malkoom X waxay galeen isbeddel xooggan intii uu noolaa. Isagoo ah afhayeen u hadlay Nation of Islam, wuxuu dhiirrigeliyay kala soocidda dadka Madow iyo kuwa Cadaanka ah ee Mareykanka, isagoo dadka Madow ku kicinaya dadka cadaanka ah isla markaana kicinaya dareenka cunsuriyadda. Kadib markii uu ka baxay dhaqdhaqaaqa sanadkii 1964, wuxuu yiri, "Waxaan sameeyay waxyaabo badan oo aan weli ka qoomameynayo. Waxaan ahaa qof aad u caqli badan wakhtigaas, si fudud ayaan u horseeday waddo gaar ah." Malkoom X wuxuu qaatay diinta Islaamka Sunniga ah, isagoo iska fogeeyay cunsuriyadda iyo kala soocidda, wuxuuna muujiyay rabitaan ah inuu la shaqeeyo dadka u dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda madaniga ah, inkastoo uu weli ku nuuxnuuxsaday baahida loo qabo in dadka Madow ay helaan xaqa ay u leeyihiin inay is-go'aansadaan oo ay is-difaacaan. ==Noloshada Hore== [[File:Malcolm_X_mugshot_1944_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Malkoom markii dhallinyaro ahaa]] Malkoom X wuxuu ku dhashay Maajo 19, 1925, Omaha, Nebraska, isagoo ah kii afraad ee siddeed carruur ah. Waalidkiis waxay ahaayeen Earl Little iyo Louise Little. Aabihiis wuxuu ahaa taageere Marcus Garvey, oo aasaasay bulsho New York ah isla markaana u dooday daahirnimada jinsiyadda Madow iyo dib ugu soo laabashada dhulkii ay ka soo jeedeen ee Afrika. Hooyadiis waxay ka timid Galbeedka Indies laakiin kuma aysan hadlin lahjad Madow. Waxay dhashay isagoo jira labaatan iyo siddeed sano. Waqtigaas, cunsuriyadda Mareykanka ayaa weli aad u baahsanayd, dadka kaliya ee Madow ee guuleysta ee magaaladooda waxay ahaayeen kuwa kabaha ka xiira ama kuwa albaabka ka shaqeeya. Aabihiis, Earl Little, wuxuu ahaa wadaad Baabtiis ah iyo dhaqdhaqaaqe siyaasadeed oo ka tirsan ururada Madow ee ugu waaweyn waqtigaas, Ururka Horumarinta Negro-ga Caalamiga ah iyo Ururka Bulshooyinka Afrika. Nolosha qoyska ee Malcolm X waxay ahayd masiibooyin taxane ah. Aabihiis wuxuu goob joog ka ahaa dilkii afar ka mid ah lixdiisii walaal oo ay ku dileen gacanta dadka cadaanka ah ee sarreeya wuxuuna la kulmay dhibaatayn iyo hanjabaado iyaga ka timid sababo la xiriira dhaqdhaqaaqiisa siyaasadeed. Sannadkii 1928, wuxuu u guuray Lansing, Michigan. Bilo ka dib, Ku Klux Klan wuxuu gubay gurigii qoyska, taasoo ku qasabtay inay mar kale u guuraan duleedka Lansing. Sannadkii 1931, aabihii Malkoom X waxaa si xun u dilay dad cadaan ah oo aad u sarreeya, laakiin mas'uuliyiintu waxay sheegeen inuu ku dhintay shil gaari oo ka dhacay. Hooyadiis waxay korisay siddeed carruur ah iyada oo aan wax taageero ah helin, gaar ahaan maadaama mas'uuliyiintu ay joojiyeen dhammaan gargaarka dhaqaale iyo gunnooyinka. Sannadkii 1939, waxay la kulantay xanuun neerfaha ah waxayna ka go'nayd xarun dhimirka. jz0dox8a7wtqaf8gpve2sxe7ummtaa9 0 27375 301454 275295 2026-07-10T12:38:22Z Videoiib7 46243 301454 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fircoon''', waxay ahaayeen boqoro tiradeeda tahay 170 qof oo ahaayeen boqoro katalin jiray Masar. Qaar ka mid ah fircoonada hadalada kaasoo gaaray heer ay yiraahdaan waxaan ahay rabigiina ugu sareeyay! Ilaa Alle wayne kaqabtay uu haligay mujrimka baqtiyay ee Fircoon. '''Macnaha Erayga Fircoon?''' Macnaha erayga Fircoon waa eray Soomaali kaasoo ah labo eray la isku kabay erayga <ref>Mohammed Ibraahim</ref>'''Fir''' : Waa Eray macnihiisu yahay asalkaada ama firkaaga. '''Coon :Coon''' Erayga Coon waa eray macnihiisu yahay Qof gaaban Curri [[Fircoon|ah]] Somali Airlines [[Category:Taariikhda qadiimiga ee Punt iyo Masar]] 3k4aed42rcn3veqwiup0phxsuoycm0i 301456 301454 2026-07-10T12:39:06Z Videoiib7 46243 301456 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pharaoh-insignia.png|thumb]] '''Fircoon''', waxay ahaayeen boqoro tiradeeda tahay 170 qof oo ahaayeen boqoro katalin jiray Masar. Qaar ka mid ah fircoonada hadalada kaasoo gaaray heer ay yiraahdaan waxaan ahay rabigiina ugu sareeyay! Ilaa Alle wayne kaqabtay uu haligay mujrimka baqtiyay ee Fircoon. '''Macnaha Erayga Fircoon?''' Macnaha erayga Fircoon waa eray Soomaali kaasoo ah labo eray la isku kabay erayga <ref>Mohammed Ibraahim</ref>'''Fir''' : Waa Eray macnihiisu yahay asalkaada ama firkaaga. '''Coon :Coon''' Erayga Coon waa eray macnihiisu yahay Qof gaaban Curri [[Fircoon|ah]] Somali Airlines [[Category:Taariikhda qadiimiga ee Punt iyo Masar]] ikyvhu1u16w4d5ysee9k7j6clz4flc0 0 37812 301434 257697 2026-07-10T12:14:24Z Videoiib7 46243 301434 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dostoevskij_1876.jpg|thumb| Dostoevsky, 1876]] '''Fyodor Mikhaïlovitiish Dostoevsky''' (December 11, 1821 - Febraayo 9, 1881) wuxuu ahaa qoraa Ruush ah oo lagu tiriyo mid ka mid ah qorayaasha ugu waaweyn uguna saamaynta badan adduunka. Sheekooyinka Dostoevsky iyo sheekooyinka gaagaaban ayaa saameeyay qoraayo, falsafad iyo filim sameeyayaal badan, kuwaas oo sii wada barashada iyaga oo adduunka oo dhan ah. Buugaagtiisa waxaa lagu majeertaa qoto dheeraantooda nafsiyeed, kaftan iyo awood ruuxeed. Dhaleeceynta suugaantu waxay u tixgeliyaan 'Dambiga iyo Ciqaabta', 'Doqonka', 'Ciyaaryahanka' iyo 'Walaalaha Karamazov' inay yihiin sheekooyinkiisa ugu weyn.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fyodor-Dostoyevsky</ref><ref>http://www.online-literature.com/dostoevsky/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/f/Fyodor_Dostoevsky.htm |access-date=2023-02-04 |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204153520/https://cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/f/Fyodor_Dostoevsky.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[Category:Qoraaga]] j6k8chzm5e0f49bw72qd0qbfwfkmb1r 0 39797 301485 301386 2026-07-10T14:30:09Z ~2026-34537-45 46057 /* Notable figures */ 301485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Masar}}|group=Abokor <br> |flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_United Kingdom.svg|60px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region3={{flagcountry| United States}}|region4 ={{flagcountry|Turkey}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]]|rels=[[Islam]]|related-c= Other ,clans <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} '''Abokor''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]: Abokor'','' [[Carabi]]: أبوبكر ; ''',''' Magaca oo buuxa: Abokor Musa Da'ud Sheekh Ishaaq) waa Qabiil wayn oo ka mid ah beelweynta Eidagalle ee Isaaq. Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]]. == Overview == The Abokor is a major Somali clan that is part of the Eidagalle clan of the Isaaq clan family, traditionally also called ''Saleebaan''. Members of the Abokor Musa subclan are descendants of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed. The Abokor musa<ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615-1-5.</ref> is one of the large somali clans and among the most prominent sub-clans of the Eidagale. They inhabit the Hargiesa and Salahley regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community<ref name=":3">Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17). Voice and Power. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135751753</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":4">Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. 9780226467917.</ref>.The Abokor Musa traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, merchants, and skilled poets.<ref>Andrzejewski, B.W. and I.M. Lewis, 1964, Somali Poetry: An Introduction, Oxford University Press.</ref> ==Tariikhda == ===Nasabka === Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu ka mid ahaa culimadii ka soo haajiray Carabta kuna soo tallaabay badda si ay Islaamka ugu faafiyaan Geeska Afrika qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday labo dumar ah oo deegaanka ah gudaha Somaliland, wuxuuna ka dhalay siddeed wiil. Mid ka mid ah, Daoud, wuxuu noqday aabihii beesha Ciidagale.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> ===Xiliyadii Dhexe=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxaa si gaar ah loogu xusuustaa kaalintii ay ka qaateen halgankii uu hoggaaminayay Axmed Gurey (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ([[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]]) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Sida lagu sheegay buugga taariikhiga ah ee ''Futuh al-Habash'', beelaha Habar Magaadle, oo ay ku jirto laantan, waxay bixiyeen ciidamo iyo hoggaamiyeyaal muhiim ah.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref><blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo , taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha, gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad, oo ah Sultanate . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada [[Herer|Herar]].<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 9782845864924</nowiki>.</ref> Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen magalda tariikhiga ah ee [[Saylac|zelia]].</blockquote> [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]]]] Qarnigii 19aad, laanta Abokor Muuse waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday Hargeysa–Berbera–Harar. Ganacsatadoodu waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu firfircoon ee karavaannada ka keeni jiray gudaha Soomaalida xoolaha, muxurka, malmalka iyo subagga, kuna dhoofin jiray Berbera iyo suuqyada Carabta. Waxaa si gaar ah loo xusuustaa xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen Amiir Axmed III bin Abu Bakr, oo ahaa amiirkii Harar intii u dhaxaysay 1856–1875. Amiirka ayaa si weyn u qadarin jiray ganacsatada Abokor Muuse.<ref>Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 116–118.</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen ilaalinta dhaqanka, xeerka iyo dhexdhexaadinta. Goobta barakeysan ee [[Aw Barkhadle]], oo ku taalla inta u dhexeysa [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Berbera]], waxay ahayd xarun dhaar iyo heshiis lagu xallin jiray khilaafaadka. Odayaasha Abokor Muuse ayaa si gaar ah loogu qadarin jiray hoggaaminta dhaarta iyo heshiisiinta,oo ah Ugaaysada dhaqanka<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref> </blockquote> Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku ahaayeen hal-abuurka gabayga iyo xigmadda afka ah. Gabayga ayaa u ahaa hub lagula dagaallamo, laguna xafido taariikhda. Sida uu qoray Laurence Margaret, beesha Ciidagale (oo ay ka mid yihiin Abokor Muse) waxaa lagu yaqaanay in tiro badan oo rag ah ay gabyaa yihiin, taasoo ka dhigtay beel kaalin weyn ku leh suugaanta Soomaalida.<ref>Laurance, Margaret. ''A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose''. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref>Sido kale Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen qoys caan ku ahaa fardaha fuulka iyo dagaalka, waxaana si weyn looga yaqaanay kartida dagaal iyo xirfadda ay ku lahaayeen maareynta fardaha dagaalka. [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Map showing trade routes leading to Berbera.]] Qarnigii 19aad, Abokor Muuse waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii karavaannada ee u dhexeeyay [[Berbera]] iyo gudaha dalka. Waxay qayb ka ahaayeen aasaaska magaalada [[Hargeysa]], taasoo markii hore ahayd xarun karavaan oo ay dhiseen ganacsatada Ciidagale.<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). ''Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia''. p. 96.</ref> <blockquote>Taariikhda Abokor Muuse waa mid ku dhisan geesinimada dagaal, hal-abuurka suugaaneed, hoggaaminta dhaqameed iyo firfircoonida ganacsiga. Waxay qayb muhiim ah ka noqdeen halgankii diimeed ee Muslimiinta, nabadaynta bulshada Isaaq, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka gobolka—astaamo qeexaya kaalintooda qoto dheer ee taariikhda Soomaaliyeed.</blockquote> Sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin tariikh soo jireen ah oo ku salaysan dhaqashada xoolaha, sida Geela, Adhiga iyo lo'da, iyadoo geelu uu yahay xoolahooda ugu muhiimsan ee noloshooda ku tiirsan yihiin isla markaana ay Aad u dhaqdaan. Dhaqashada xoolaha waxay ka tarjumaysa hodantinimada, hiddaha, iyo xirfadda ay bulshadu ku dhisantahay oo soo jireen ah. ===Baranches and Subclans=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waa beel ballaaran oo caan ku ah geesinimada iyo hiddaha soo jireenka ah, waxayna leedahay faracyo iyo laamo badan oo si dhaw isugu xidhan. Beeshan qiimaha leh waxay u kala baxdaa laamo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin: ''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil|Mohammed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Ahmed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Aden Abokor]]'', ''[[Muuse Dhimbil]]'' Faracyada ''[[Mohamoud Muuse]]'' iyo ''Abdalleh Muuse''. Laamaha Beesha ''Abdalleh Muuse'' ayaa iyaguna caan ku ah reero balaadhan ah sida ''Reer Aadan'', Reer ''Ali Abdi'', ''Reer Nuur'', ''Reer Benin'', ''Rer Gallab'', ''Reer Eiye'', iyo ''Mohamed Cabdille'', (kuwaas oo kala baxa ''Rer Dhibleh'' ,''Reer Cali'' iyo ''Reer Gubadleh''.) ; [[Shaxda beesha|Shaxda Beesha]] ===Saltanate of Abokor Musa=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku tahay hoggaamin, halgan iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Intii taariikhdu xusuusato, beeshani waxay lahayd taliyaal dhaqameed oo ka kala socday laamaha iyo faracyada beesha, kuwaas oo door weyn ku lahaa xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada, iyo kordhinta midnimada beesha dhexdeeda. Suldaanada, boqorrada iyo ugaasyada ka soo jeeda Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen hogaamiyayaal caan ah, kuwaas oo isku darsaday garaad, geesinimo, iyo karti ciidan. Markay timaaddo dirir ama dagaal, waxay ahaayeen abaanduulayaal dagaal oo hoggaamiya ciidamo si abaabulan u dagaallama. Halka marka nabaddu timaaddo, ay noqdaan odayaal dhaqameed oo hagaya bulshada dhinaca garsoorka, dhaqanka, iyo isku duubnida. ==Distribution== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran u daganyihiin magaalada Hargeysa, gaar ahaan koofurta iyo galbeedka caasimadda. Xaafadaha ay si rasmi ah u deggan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah ''Calaamadaha'' , oo ay kala Qaybiso Wadada Halbawlaha ee ''Airport Road (Wadada Madaarka Egal)'', iyo xaafadaha Masalaha ( Siirooga galbeedkiisa), ''Jameecada'', iyo qaybo ka mid ah Xaafadda ''October''. Meelahan ayaa ka mid ah deegaannada taariikhiga ah ee ay beesha si xooggan ugu xidhan tahay. Marka laga sii gudbo gudaha magaalada, Abokor Muuse waxay degaan ''Qoolcaday'',''Toon'', magaalada ''Salahley'', iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ilaa ''Ina-Guxaa'', oo ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Ethiopia. Deegaannadan ayaa loo arkaa in ay yihiin laf-dhabarta beesha ee dhulka Somaliland, maadaama ay yihiin goobaha ay ku badan yihiin beelaha reer guuraaga ah iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beesha. Dhinaca kale, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran uga deggan yihiin Dalka Itoobiya , halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan waxaa ka mid ah ''Bisad'', ''Abokor'', ''Egal Addani'', iyo ''Iskoyska'', halka ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin deegaannada u dhow Dooxada ''Galool-Fadhiidh.'' Meelahan ayaa xiriir dhow la leh magaalada Awarre, taas oo ah xarun muhiim ah oo ka tirsan gobolka. Isku soo wada duuboo, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay degaan dhul aad u ballaaran oo ku kala yaalla labada dhinac ee xuduudda Somaliland iyo Itoobiya, iyagoo leh isku xirnaan dhaqan, deegaan, iyo taariikh wadaag ah oo soo jireen ah. ==Clan tree== A summarised clan family tree of the major subclans of Abokor Musa, is presented below: {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) ***'''Abokor''' (Saleiban) ****Salieban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Arralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Wa'eys Osman *************Mahamoud Wais *************Arralleh Wais *************Hussein wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arrale Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Ibrahim Abokor ***********Mohamed Ibrahim ************Jibril Mohamed ************Salah Mohamed *************Osman Salah **************Abokor Osman ***************Hassan Abokor ****************Muuse Hassan ****************Laqshe Hassan ****************Basiralle Hassan ****************Dhimbil Hassan *****************'''Mohammed Dhimbil''' ******************Mucawiye Mohamed (Rer Mucawie) ******************Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) ******************Gulled Mohamed (Rer Guled) ******************Musa Mohamed *******************Farah Muuse *******************Adawe Muuse *******************Aden Muuse *****************'''Muuse Dhimbil''' ******************Abdalle Muse *******************Muse Abdalle ********************Mahamoud Muuse *********************Shirdon Mohamoud *********************Hildiid Mohamoud **********************Ali Hildiid **********************Geedi Hildiid **********************Hersi Hildiid ********************Abdalleh Muuse *********************Jibirl Abdalle **********************Saeed Jibril ***********************Abdi Said ************************Salah Abdi ************************Roble Abdi **********************Hersi Jibril ***********************Ahmed Hersi ***********************Abdalle Hersi **********************Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil) ***********************Hersi Kalil ***********************Egal Kalil ***********************Wais Kalil ***********************Ali kalil ************************Said Ali ************************Koshin Ali ************************Arale Ali ************************Osman Ali ************************Guled Ali ************************Amare Ali ************************Boqorreh Ali **********************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ***********************Aden Mohamed ************************Benin Aden ************************Nour Aden ************************Ali Aden ************************Adan Aden **********************Abdi Jibril ***********************Ali Abdi ************************Mumin Ali ************************Naleye Ali ************************Hussein Ali *************************Abdalle Hussien *************************Mohamed Hussien *************************Nour Hussein *************************Jama Hussien **************************Hassan Jama **************************Aden Jama **************************Guled Jama ***************************Abdalle Guled ***************************Mohamed Guled ***************************Hassan Guled ***********************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ************************Ismail Nour ************************Hersi Nour ************************Gabal Nour ************************Mohamed Nour ***********************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) ************************Naleye Benin ************************Ahmed Benin ************************Hersi Benin ************************Warfa Benin ************************Samter Benin ************************Abdi Benin ************************Fatah Benin ************************Aden Benin ************************Dirie Benin ************************Farah Benin ************************Dahir Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Guled Benin ************************Shirwa Benin ************************Abane Benin ************************Abdille Benin ************************Yusuf Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Roble Benin ************************Osman Benin ***********************Abdille Abdi ************************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) *************************Ismail Gallab *************************Asker Gallab ***********************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ************************Gulled Eiye ************************Sharmake Eiye ***********************Mohamed Abdille ************************Ahmed Mohamed *************************Samter Ahmed *************************Ziyad Ahmed *************************Mayle Ahmed *************************Elmi Ahmed *************************Warfa Ahmed *************************Geedi Ahmed *************************Amanle Ahmed *************************Food Ahmed *************************Roble Ahmed *************************Ainanshe Ahmed *************************Wais Ahmed *************************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **************************Ismail Dhible **************************Barre Dhible *************************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *************************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **************************Derie Gubadleh (Rer Dirie) **************************Boqorre Gubdleh (Rer Boqorreh) ******************'''Ahmed Dhimbil''' ********************Musa Ahmed ********************Osman Ahmed ********************Liban Ahmed *********************Abdi Liban **********************Osman Abdi **********************Ismail Abdi **********************Mohammed Abdi ***********************Sarar Mohamed ***********************Ahmed Mohamed **********'''Aden Abokor''' *************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) **************Mahamoud Awal **************Hussien Awal **************Farah Awal **************Abdi Awal *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle ***************Ahmed Abdalle ****************Halas Ahmed (Rer Halas) ****************Egal Ahmed (Rer Egal) ****************Geedi Ahmed (Rer Gheedi) {{tree list/end}} ==Notable figures== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali instrumentalist, vocalist, and poet. * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy *Aden Mohamed Guhad (Aden Walli) – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Suldan Aden S.Farah.S.Omar –Respected traditional holder * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Suldan Osman Baane –traditional leader * Abdikarem Hikmawi – Is Author, literally scholar and Activist * Mohamed Badel – was a poet, politician, and university lecturer. * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Nadir Yusuf – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Ethiopia * Abwan Harir Osman Guray – Well-known Somali peot * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politiciancurrent mayor of Hargeisa city * Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ugaas) and highly respected traditional leader. * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Hussein Habane - is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} 3twpvo49b2dtgwgut7wtjlqoeh056bu 301486 301485 2026-07-10T14:32:13Z ~2026-34537-45 46057 /* Baranches and Subclans */ 301486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Masar}}|group=Abokor <br> |flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_United Kingdom.svg|60px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region3={{flagcountry| United States}}|region4 ={{flagcountry|Turkey}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]]|rels=[[Islam]]|related-c= Other ,clans <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} '''Abokor''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]: Abokor'','' [[Carabi]]: أبوبكر ; ''',''' Magaca oo buuxa: Abokor Musa Da'ud Sheekh Ishaaq) waa Qabiil wayn oo ka mid ah beelweynta Eidagalle ee Isaaq. Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]]. == Overview == The Abokor is a major Somali clan that is part of the Eidagalle clan of the Isaaq clan family, traditionally also called ''Saleebaan''. Members of the Abokor Musa subclan are descendants of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed. The Abokor musa<ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615-1-5.</ref> is one of the large somali clans and among the most prominent sub-clans of the Eidagale. They inhabit the Hargiesa and Salahley regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community<ref name=":3">Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17). Voice and Power. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135751753</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":4">Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. 9780226467917.</ref>.The Abokor Musa traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, merchants, and skilled poets.<ref>Andrzejewski, B.W. and I.M. Lewis, 1964, Somali Poetry: An Introduction, Oxford University Press.</ref> ==Tariikhda == ===Nasabka === Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu ka mid ahaa culimadii ka soo haajiray Carabta kuna soo tallaabay badda si ay Islaamka ugu faafiyaan Geeska Afrika qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday labo dumar ah oo deegaanka ah gudaha Somaliland, wuxuuna ka dhalay siddeed wiil. Mid ka mid ah, Daoud, wuxuu noqday aabihii beesha Ciidagale.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> ===Xiliyadii Dhexe=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxaa si gaar ah loogu xusuustaa kaalintii ay ka qaateen halgankii uu hoggaaminayay Axmed Gurey (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ([[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]]) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Sida lagu sheegay buugga taariikhiga ah ee ''Futuh al-Habash'', beelaha Habar Magaadle, oo ay ku jirto laantan, waxay bixiyeen ciidamo iyo hoggaamiyeyaal muhiim ah.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref><blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo , taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha, gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad, oo ah Sultanate . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada [[Herer|Herar]].<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 9782845864924</nowiki>.</ref> Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen magalda tariikhiga ah ee [[Saylac|zelia]].</blockquote> [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]]]] Qarnigii 19aad, laanta Abokor Muuse waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday Hargeysa–Berbera–Harar. Ganacsatadoodu waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu firfircoon ee karavaannada ka keeni jiray gudaha Soomaalida xoolaha, muxurka, malmalka iyo subagga, kuna dhoofin jiray Berbera iyo suuqyada Carabta. Waxaa si gaar ah loo xusuustaa xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen Amiir Axmed III bin Abu Bakr, oo ahaa amiirkii Harar intii u dhaxaysay 1856–1875. Amiirka ayaa si weyn u qadarin jiray ganacsatada Abokor Muuse.<ref>Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 116–118.</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen ilaalinta dhaqanka, xeerka iyo dhexdhexaadinta. Goobta barakeysan ee [[Aw Barkhadle]], oo ku taalla inta u dhexeysa [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Berbera]], waxay ahayd xarun dhaar iyo heshiis lagu xallin jiray khilaafaadka. Odayaasha Abokor Muuse ayaa si gaar ah loogu qadarin jiray hoggaaminta dhaarta iyo heshiisiinta,oo ah Ugaaysada dhaqanka<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref> </blockquote> Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku ahaayeen hal-abuurka gabayga iyo xigmadda afka ah. Gabayga ayaa u ahaa hub lagula dagaallamo, laguna xafido taariikhda. Sida uu qoray Laurence Margaret, beesha Ciidagale (oo ay ka mid yihiin Abokor Muse) waxaa lagu yaqaanay in tiro badan oo rag ah ay gabyaa yihiin, taasoo ka dhigtay beel kaalin weyn ku leh suugaanta Soomaalida.<ref>Laurance, Margaret. ''A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose''. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref>Sido kale Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen qoys caan ku ahaa fardaha fuulka iyo dagaalka, waxaana si weyn looga yaqaanay kartida dagaal iyo xirfadda ay ku lahaayeen maareynta fardaha dagaalka. [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Map showing trade routes leading to Berbera.]] Qarnigii 19aad, Abokor Muuse waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii karavaannada ee u dhexeeyay [[Berbera]] iyo gudaha dalka. Waxay qayb ka ahaayeen aasaaska magaalada [[Hargeysa]], taasoo markii hore ahayd xarun karavaan oo ay dhiseen ganacsatada Ciidagale.<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). ''Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia''. p. 96.</ref> <blockquote>Taariikhda Abokor Muuse waa mid ku dhisan geesinimada dagaal, hal-abuurka suugaaneed, hoggaaminta dhaqameed iyo firfircoonida ganacsiga. Waxay qayb muhiim ah ka noqdeen halgankii diimeed ee Muslimiinta, nabadaynta bulshada Isaaq, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka gobolka—astaamo qeexaya kaalintooda qoto dheer ee taariikhda Soomaaliyeed.</blockquote> Sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin tariikh soo jireen ah oo ku salaysan dhaqashada xoolaha, sida Geela, Adhiga iyo lo'da, iyadoo geelu uu yahay xoolahooda ugu muhiimsan ee noloshooda ku tiirsan yihiin isla markaana ay Aad u dhaqdaan. Dhaqashada xoolaha waxay ka tarjumaysa hodantinimada, hiddaha, iyo xirfadda ay bulshadu ku dhisantahay oo soo jireen ah. ===Baranches and Subclans=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waa beel ballaaran oo caan ku ah geesinimada iyo hiddaha soo jireenka ah, waxayna leedahay faracyo iyo laamo badan oo si dhaw isugu xidhan. Beeshan qiimaha leh waxay u kala baxdaa laamo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin: ''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil|Mohammed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Ahmed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Aden Abokor]]'', ''[[Muuse Dhimbil]]'' ===Saltanate of Abokor Musa=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku tahay hoggaamin, halgan iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Intii taariikhdu xusuusato, beeshani waxay lahayd taliyaal dhaqameed oo ka kala socday laamaha iyo faracyada beesha, kuwaas oo door weyn ku lahaa xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada, iyo kordhinta midnimada beesha dhexdeeda. Suldaanada, boqorrada iyo ugaasyada ka soo jeeda Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen hogaamiyayaal caan ah, kuwaas oo isku darsaday garaad, geesinimo, iyo karti ciidan. Markay timaaddo dirir ama dagaal, waxay ahaayeen abaanduulayaal dagaal oo hoggaamiya ciidamo si abaabulan u dagaallama. Halka marka nabaddu timaaddo, ay noqdaan odayaal dhaqameed oo hagaya bulshada dhinaca garsoorka, dhaqanka, iyo isku duubnida. ==Distribution== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran u daganyihiin magaalada Hargeysa, gaar ahaan koofurta iyo galbeedka caasimadda. Xaafadaha ay si rasmi ah u deggan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah ''Calaamadaha'' , oo ay kala Qaybiso Wadada Halbawlaha ee ''Airport Road (Wadada Madaarka Egal)'', iyo xaafadaha Masalaha ( Siirooga galbeedkiisa), ''Jameecada'', iyo qaybo ka mid ah Xaafadda ''October''. Meelahan ayaa ka mid ah deegaannada taariikhiga ah ee ay beesha si xooggan ugu xidhan tahay. Marka laga sii gudbo gudaha magaalada, Abokor Muuse waxay degaan ''Qoolcaday'',''Toon'', magaalada ''Salahley'', iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ilaa ''Ina-Guxaa'', oo ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Ethiopia. Deegaannadan ayaa loo arkaa in ay yihiin laf-dhabarta beesha ee dhulka Somaliland, maadaama ay yihiin goobaha ay ku badan yihiin beelaha reer guuraaga ah iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beesha. Dhinaca kale, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran uga deggan yihiin Dalka Itoobiya , halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan waxaa ka mid ah ''Bisad'', ''Abokor'', ''Egal Addani'', iyo ''Iskoyska'', halka ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin deegaannada u dhow Dooxada ''Galool-Fadhiidh.'' Meelahan ayaa xiriir dhow la leh magaalada Awarre, taas oo ah xarun muhiim ah oo ka tirsan gobolka. Isku soo wada duuboo, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay degaan dhul aad u ballaaran oo ku kala yaalla labada dhinac ee xuduudda Somaliland iyo Itoobiya, iyagoo leh isku xirnaan dhaqan, deegaan, iyo taariikh wadaag ah oo soo jireen ah. ==Clan tree== A summarised clan family tree of the major subclans of Abokor Musa, is presented below: {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) ***'''Abokor''' (Saleiban) ****Salieban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Arralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Wa'eys Osman *************Mahamoud Wais *************Arralleh Wais *************Hussein wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arrale Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Ibrahim Abokor ***********Mohamed Ibrahim ************Jibril Mohamed ************Salah Mohamed *************Osman Salah **************Abokor Osman ***************Hassan Abokor ****************Muuse Hassan ****************Laqshe Hassan ****************Basiralle Hassan ****************Dhimbil Hassan *****************'''Mohammed Dhimbil''' ******************Mucawiye Mohamed (Rer Mucawie) ******************Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) ******************Gulled Mohamed (Rer Guled) ******************Musa Mohamed *******************Farah Muuse *******************Adawe Muuse *******************Aden Muuse *****************'''Muuse Dhimbil''' ******************Abdalle Muse *******************Muse Abdalle ********************Mahamoud Muuse *********************Shirdon Mohamoud *********************Hildiid Mohamoud **********************Ali Hildiid **********************Geedi Hildiid **********************Hersi Hildiid ********************Abdalleh Muuse *********************Jibirl Abdalle **********************Saeed Jibril ***********************Abdi Said ************************Salah Abdi ************************Roble Abdi **********************Hersi Jibril ***********************Ahmed Hersi ***********************Abdalle Hersi **********************Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil) ***********************Hersi Kalil ***********************Egal Kalil ***********************Wais Kalil ***********************Ali kalil ************************Said Ali ************************Koshin Ali ************************Arale Ali ************************Osman Ali ************************Guled Ali ************************Amare Ali ************************Boqorreh Ali **********************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ***********************Aden Mohamed ************************Benin Aden ************************Nour Aden ************************Ali Aden ************************Adan Aden **********************Abdi Jibril ***********************Ali Abdi ************************Mumin Ali ************************Naleye Ali ************************Hussein Ali *************************Abdalle Hussien *************************Mohamed Hussien *************************Nour Hussein *************************Jama Hussien **************************Hassan Jama **************************Aden Jama **************************Guled Jama ***************************Abdalle Guled ***************************Mohamed Guled ***************************Hassan Guled ***********************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ************************Ismail Nour ************************Hersi Nour ************************Gabal Nour ************************Mohamed Nour ***********************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) ************************Naleye Benin ************************Ahmed Benin ************************Hersi Benin ************************Warfa Benin ************************Samter Benin ************************Abdi Benin ************************Fatah Benin ************************Aden Benin ************************Dirie Benin ************************Farah Benin ************************Dahir Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Guled Benin ************************Shirwa Benin ************************Abane Benin ************************Abdille Benin ************************Yusuf Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Roble Benin ************************Osman Benin ***********************Abdille Abdi ************************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) *************************Ismail Gallab *************************Asker Gallab ***********************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ************************Gulled Eiye ************************Sharmake Eiye ***********************Mohamed Abdille ************************Ahmed Mohamed *************************Samter Ahmed *************************Ziyad Ahmed *************************Mayle Ahmed *************************Elmi Ahmed *************************Warfa Ahmed *************************Geedi Ahmed *************************Amanle Ahmed *************************Food Ahmed *************************Roble Ahmed *************************Ainanshe Ahmed *************************Wais Ahmed *************************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **************************Ismail Dhible **************************Barre Dhible *************************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *************************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **************************Derie Gubadleh (Rer Dirie) **************************Boqorre Gubdleh (Rer Boqorreh) ******************'''Ahmed Dhimbil''' ********************Musa Ahmed ********************Osman Ahmed ********************Liban Ahmed *********************Abdi Liban **********************Osman Abdi **********************Ismail Abdi **********************Mohammed Abdi ***********************Sarar Mohamed ***********************Ahmed Mohamed **********'''Aden Abokor''' *************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) **************Mahamoud Awal **************Hussien Awal **************Farah Awal **************Abdi Awal *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle ***************Ahmed Abdalle ****************Halas Ahmed (Rer Halas) ****************Egal Ahmed (Rer Egal) ****************Geedi Ahmed (Rer Gheedi) {{tree list/end}} ==Notable figures== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali instrumentalist, vocalist, and poet. * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy *Aden Mohamed Guhad (Aden Walli) – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Suldan Aden S.Farah.S.Omar –Respected traditional holder * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Suldan Osman Baane –traditional leader * Abdikarem Hikmawi – Is Author, literally scholar and Activist * Mohamed Badel – was a poet, politician, and university lecturer. * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Nadir Yusuf – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Ethiopia * Abwan Harir Osman Guray – Well-known Somali peot * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politiciancurrent mayor of Hargeisa city * Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ugaas) and highly respected traditional leader. * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Hussein Habane - is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} 7mu2votaxghuhez6jvh9jdry7o5dndr 301513 301486 2026-07-10T19:54:37Z ~2026-34537-45 46057 301513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Masar}}|group=Abokor <br> |flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Eritrea.svg|60px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region3={{flagcountry| United States}}|region4 ={{flagcountry|Turkey}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]]|rels=[[Islam]]|related-c= Other ,clans <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} '''Abokor''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]: Abokor'','' [[Carabi]]: أبوبكر ; ''',''' Magaca oo buuxa: Abokor Musa Da'ud Sheekh Ishaaq) waa Qabiil wayn oo ka mid ah beelweynta Eidagalle ee Isaaq. Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]]. == Overview == The Abokor is a major Somali clan that is part of the Eidagalle clan of the Isaaq clan family, traditionally also called ''Saleebaan''. Members of the Abokor Musa subclan are descendants of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed. The Abokor musa<ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615-1-5.</ref> is one of the large somali clans and among the most prominent sub-clans of the Eidagale. They inhabit the Hargiesa and Salahley regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community<ref name=":3">Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17). Voice and Power. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135751753</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":4">Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. 9780226467917.</ref>.The Abokor Musa traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, merchants, and skilled poets.<ref>Andrzejewski, B.W. and I.M. Lewis, 1964, Somali Poetry: An Introduction, Oxford University Press.</ref> ==Tariikhda == ===Nasabka === Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu ka mid ahaa culimadii ka soo haajiray Carabta kuna soo tallaabay badda si ay Islaamka ugu faafiyaan Geeska Afrika qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday labo dumar ah oo deegaanka ah gudaha Somaliland, wuxuuna ka dhalay siddeed wiil. Mid ka mid ah, Daoud, wuxuu noqday aabihii beesha Ciidagale.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> ===Xiliyadii Dhexe=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxaa si gaar ah loogu xusuustaa kaalintii ay ka qaateen halgankii uu hoggaaminayay Axmed Gurey (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ([[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]]) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Sida lagu sheegay buugga taariikhiga ah ee ''Futuh al-Habash'', beelaha Habar Magaadle, oo ay ku jirto laantan, waxay bixiyeen ciidamo iyo hoggaamiyeyaal muhiim ah.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref><blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo , taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha, gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad, oo ah Sultanate . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada [[Herer|Herar]].<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 9782845864924</nowiki>.</ref> Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen magalda tariikhiga ah ee [[Saylac|zelia]].</blockquote> [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]]]] Qarnigii 19aad, laanta Abokor Muuse waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday Hargeysa–Berbera–Harar. Ganacsatadoodu waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu firfircoon ee karavaannada ka keeni jiray gudaha Soomaalida xoolaha, muxurka, malmalka iyo subagga, kuna dhoofin jiray Berbera iyo suuqyada Carabta. Waxaa si gaar ah loo xusuustaa xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen Amiir Axmed III bin Abu Bakr, oo ahaa amiirkii Harar intii u dhaxaysay 1856–1875. Amiirka ayaa si weyn u qadarin jiray ganacsatada Abokor Muuse.<ref>Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 116–118.</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen ilaalinta dhaqanka, xeerka iyo dhexdhexaadinta. Goobta barakeysan ee [[Aw Barkhadle]], oo ku taalla inta u dhexeysa [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Berbera]], waxay ahayd xarun dhaar iyo heshiis lagu xallin jiray khilaafaadka. Odayaasha Abokor Muuse ayaa si gaar ah loogu qadarin jiray hoggaaminta dhaarta iyo heshiisiinta,oo ah Ugaaysada dhaqanka<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref> </blockquote> Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku ahaayeen hal-abuurka gabayga iyo xigmadda afka ah. Gabayga ayaa u ahaa hub lagula dagaallamo, laguna xafido taariikhda. Sida uu qoray Laurence Margaret, beesha Ciidagale (oo ay ka mid yihiin Abokor Muse) waxaa lagu yaqaanay in tiro badan oo rag ah ay gabyaa yihiin, taasoo ka dhigtay beel kaalin weyn ku leh suugaanta Soomaalida.<ref>Laurance, Margaret. ''A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose''. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref>Sido kale Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen qoys caan ku ahaa fardaha fuulka iyo dagaalka, waxaana si weyn looga yaqaanay kartida dagaal iyo xirfadda ay ku lahaayeen maareynta fardaha dagaalka. [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Map showing trade routes leading to Berbera.]] Qarnigii 19aad, Abokor Muuse waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii karavaannada ee u dhexeeyay [[Berbera]] iyo gudaha dalka. Waxay qayb ka ahaayeen aasaaska magaalada [[Hargeysa]], taasoo markii hore ahayd xarun karavaan oo ay dhiseen ganacsatada Ciidagale.<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). ''Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia''. p. 96.</ref> <blockquote>Taariikhda Abokor Muuse waa mid ku dhisan geesinimada dagaal, hal-abuurka suugaaneed, hoggaaminta dhaqameed iyo firfircoonida ganacsiga. Waxay qayb muhiim ah ka noqdeen halgankii diimeed ee Muslimiinta, nabadaynta bulshada Isaaq, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka gobolka—astaamo qeexaya kaalintooda qoto dheer ee taariikhda Soomaaliyeed.</blockquote> Sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin tariikh soo jireen ah oo ku salaysan dhaqashada xoolaha, sida Geela, Adhiga iyo lo'da, iyadoo geelu uu yahay xoolahooda ugu muhiimsan ee noloshooda ku tiirsan yihiin isla markaana ay Aad u dhaqdaan. Dhaqashada xoolaha waxay ka tarjumaysa hodantinimada, hiddaha, iyo xirfadda ay bulshadu ku dhisantahay oo soo jireen ah. ===Baranches and Subclans=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waa beel ballaaran oo caan ku ah geesinimada iyo hiddaha soo jireenka ah, waxayna leedahay faracyo iyo laamo badan oo si dhaw isugu xidhan. Beeshan qiimaha leh waxay u kala baxdaa laamo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin: ''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil|Mohammed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Ahmed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Aden Abokor]]'', ''[[Muuse Dhimbil]]'' ===Saltanate of Abokor Musa=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku tahay hoggaamin, halgan iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Intii taariikhdu xusuusato, beeshani waxay lahayd taliyaal dhaqameed oo ka kala socday laamaha iyo faracyada beesha, kuwaas oo door weyn ku lahaa xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada, iyo kordhinta midnimada beesha dhexdeeda. Suldaanada, boqorrada iyo ugaasyada ka soo jeeda Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen hogaamiyayaal caan ah, kuwaas oo isku darsaday garaad, geesinimo, iyo karti ciidan. Markay timaaddo dirir ama dagaal, waxay ahaayeen abaanduulayaal dagaal oo hoggaamiya ciidamo si abaabulan u dagaallama. Halka marka nabaddu timaaddo, ay noqdaan odayaal dhaqameed oo hagaya bulshada dhinaca garsoorka, dhaqanka, iyo isku duubnida. ==Distribution== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran u daganyihiin magaalada Hargeysa, gaar ahaan koofurta iyo galbeedka caasimadda. Xaafadaha ay si rasmi ah u deggan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah ''Calaamadaha'' , oo ay kala Qaybiso Wadada Halbawlaha ee ''Airport Road (Wadada Madaarka Egal)'', iyo xaafadaha Masalaha ( Siirooga galbeedkiisa), ''Jameecada'', iyo qaybo ka mid ah Xaafadda ''October''. Meelahan ayaa ka mid ah deegaannada taariikhiga ah ee ay beesha si xooggan ugu xidhan tahay. Marka laga sii gudbo gudaha magaalada, Abokor Muuse waxay degaan ''Qoolcaday'',''Toon'', magaalada ''Salahley'', iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ilaa ''Ina-Guxaa'', oo ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Ethiopia. Deegaannadan ayaa loo arkaa in ay yihiin laf-dhabarta beesha ee dhulka Somaliland, maadaama ay yihiin goobaha ay ku badan yihiin beelaha reer guuraaga ah iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beesha. Dhinaca kale, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran uga deggan yihiin Dalka Itoobiya , halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan waxaa ka mid ah ''Bisad'', ''Abokor'', ''Egal Addani'', iyo ''Iskoyska'', halka ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin deegaannada u dhow Dooxada ''Galool-Fadhiidh.'' Meelahan ayaa xiriir dhow la leh magaalada Awarre, taas oo ah xarun muhiim ah oo ka tirsan gobolka. Isku soo wada duuboo, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay degaan dhul aad u ballaaran oo ku kala yaalla labada dhinac ee xuduudda Somaliland iyo Itoobiya, iyagoo leh isku xirnaan dhaqan, deegaan, iyo taariikh wadaag ah oo soo jireen ah. ==Clan tree== A summarised clan family tree of the major subclans of Abokor Musa, is presented below: {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) ***'''Abokor''' (Saleiban) ****Salieban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Arralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Wa'eys Osman *************Mahamoud Wais *************Arralleh Wais *************Hussein wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arrale Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Ibrahim Abokor ***********Mohamed Ibrahim ************Jibril Mohamed ************Salah Mohamed *************Osman Salah **************Abokor Osman ***************Hassan Abokor ****************Muuse Hassan ****************Laqshe Hassan ****************Basiralle Hassan ****************Dhimbil Hassan *****************'''Mohammed Dhimbil''' ******************Mucawiye Mohamed (Rer Mucawie) ******************Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) ******************Gulled Mohamed (Rer Guled) ******************Musa Mohamed *******************Farah Muuse *******************Adawe Muuse *******************Aden Muuse *****************'''Muuse Dhimbil''' ******************Abdalle Muse *******************Muse Abdalle ********************Mahamoud Muuse *********************Shirdon Mohamoud *********************Hildiid Mohamoud **********************Ali Hildiid **********************Geedi Hildiid **********************Hersi Hildiid ********************Abdalleh Muuse *********************Jibirl Abdalle **********************Saeed Jibril ***********************Abdi Said ************************Salah Abdi ************************Roble Abdi **********************Hersi Jibril ***********************Ahmed Hersi ***********************Abdalle Hersi **********************Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil) ***********************Hersi Kalil ***********************Egal Kalil ***********************Wais Kalil ***********************Ali kalil ************************Said Ali ************************Koshin Ali ************************Arale Ali ************************Osman Ali ************************Guled Ali ************************Amare Ali ************************Boqorreh Ali **********************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ***********************Aden Mohamed ************************Benin Aden ************************Nour Aden ************************Ali Aden ************************Adan Aden **********************Abdi Jibril ***********************Ali Abdi ************************Mumin Ali ************************Naleye Ali ************************Hussein Ali *************************Abdalle Hussien *************************Mohamed Hussien *************************Nour Hussein *************************Jama Hussien **************************Hassan Jama **************************Aden Jama **************************Guled Jama ***************************Abdalle Guled ***************************Mohamed Guled ***************************Hassan Guled ***********************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ************************Ismail Nour ************************Hersi Nour ************************Gabal Nour ************************Mohamed Nour ***********************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) ************************Naleye Benin ************************Ahmed Benin ************************Hersi Benin ************************Warfa Benin ************************Samter Benin ************************Abdi Benin ************************Fatah Benin ************************Aden Benin ************************Dirie Benin ************************Farah Benin ************************Dahir Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Guled Benin ************************Shirwa Benin ************************Abane Benin ************************Abdille Benin ************************Yusuf Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Roble Benin ************************Osman Benin ***********************Abdille Abdi ************************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) *************************Ismail Gallab *************************Asker Gallab ***********************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ************************Gulled Eiye ************************Sharmake Eiye ***********************Mohamed Abdille ************************Ahmed Mohamed *************************Samter Ahmed *************************Ziyad Ahmed *************************Mayle Ahmed *************************Elmi Ahmed *************************Warfa Ahmed *************************Geedi Ahmed *************************Amanle Ahmed *************************Food Ahmed *************************Roble Ahmed *************************Ainanshe Ahmed *************************Wais Ahmed *************************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **************************Ismail Dhible **************************Barre Dhible *************************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *************************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **************************Derie Gubadleh (Rer Dirie) **************************Boqorre Gubdleh (Rer Boqorreh) ******************'''Ahmed Dhimbil''' ********************Musa Ahmed ********************Osman Ahmed ********************Liban Ahmed *********************Abdi Liban **********************Osman Abdi **********************Ismail Abdi **********************Mohammed Abdi ***********************Sarar Mohamed ***********************Ahmed Mohamed **********'''Aden Abokor''' *************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) **************Mahamoud Awal **************Hussien Awal **************Farah Awal **************Abdi Awal *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle ***************Ahmed Abdalle ****************Halas Ahmed (Rer Halas) ****************Egal Ahmed (Rer Egal) ****************Geedi Ahmed (Rer Gheedi) {{tree list/end}} ==Notable figures== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali instrumentalist, vocalist, and poet. * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy *Aden Mohamed Guhad (Aden Walli) – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Suldan Aden S.Farah.S.Omar –Respected traditional holder * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Suldan Osman Baane –traditional leader * Abdikarem Hikmawi – Is Author, literally scholar and Activist * Mohamed Badel – was a poet, politician, and university lecturer. * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Nadir Yusuf – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Ethiopia * Abwan Harir Osman Guray – Well-known Somali peot * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politiciancurrent mayor of Hargeisa city * Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ugaas) and highly respected traditional leader. * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Hussein Habane - is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} cuqhugyf0h7m70tf1f4nwsvf4tb1fzc 0 39995 301487 259985 2026-07-10T15:17:41Z Videoiib7 46243 301487 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior''' (wuxuu dhashay [[5]] [[Febraayo]] 1992), oo loo yaqaan '''Neymar Júnior''' ama si keligiis ah loo yaqaan '''Neymar''', waa xirfadle [[Kubadda Cagta|kubbadda cagta]] Brazil ah oo u ciyaara weeraryahan u ciyaara kooxda Saudi Pro League ee Al Hilal iyo [[Waddanka Brazil Kubedka|xulka qaranka Brazil]] . Ciyaaryahanka gool dhalinta iyo kubad sameeyaha ah ee caanka ku ah qaab ciyaareedkiisa quruxda badan,waxa lagu tiriyaa inuu yahay mid ka mid ah ciyaartoyda ugu fiican aduunka iyo ciyaaryahanka ugu fiican Brazil ee jiilkiisa. Neymar ayaa ugu yaraan 100 gool u dhaliyay saddex kooxood oo kala duwan, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ka mid ah ciyaartoyga tirada yar ee guushan gaadhay. [[File:Neymar_Jr_Portrait_(149008871)_(cropped).jpeg|thumb]] Neymar wuxuu caan ka noqday Santos, halkaasoo uu u saftay kulankiisii ugu horreeyay isagoo 17 jir ah. Dhawaan waxa uu noqday xiddiga heerka caalami ee dalka Brazil, waxa uu 2011 kooba Libertadores kula guuleystay Santos, isagoo ahaa kii ugu horreeyay tan iyo 1963dii. Waxaa loo magacaabay ciyaaryahankii ugu fiicnaa Koonfurta Ameerika sannadihii 2011 iyo 2012, wuxuuna u guuray Yurub si uu ugu biiro [[FC Barcelona|Barshelona]] 2013kii. Xilli ciyaareedkiisii labaad, isagoo qayb ka ahaa seddexda weerar ee Barshelona [[Lionel Messi]] iyo [[Luis Suarez|Luis Suárez]], oo loogu magac daray ''MSN'', wuxuu ku guuleystay seddexda koob ee La Liga, Copa del Rey iyo UEFA Champions League . Waxaa lagu dhiirigeliyay inuu noqdo ciyaaryahan heer kooxeed, Neymar ayaa si lama filaan ah uga tagay Barcelona kuna biiray [[Paris Saint-Germain FC|Paris Saint-Germain]] (PSG) 2017 oo ay ku iibsadeen 222 milyan euro, taasoo ka dhigtay ciyaaryahankii ugu qaalisanaa abid .{{refn|Although Barcelona did not classify Neymar's €222 million buyout clause as a transfer fee, it was functionally identical to a transfer fee, since it cancelled his then-current contract with Barcelona (as in a typical transfer). The payment, provided by an unknown source, made him the most expensive football player.<ref name="FCB Neymar">{{cite press release|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/fc-barcelona-communique-on-neymar-jr-buyout-clause|title=FC Barcelona communiqué on Neymar Jr|date=3 August 2017|access-date=3 August 2017|publisher=FC Barcelona|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803171515/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/fc-barcelona-communique-on-neymar-jr-buyout-clause|archive-date=3 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="BBC Neymar">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40762417|title=Neymar: Paris St-Germain sign Barcelona forward for world record 222m euros|date=3 August 2017|access-date=4 August 2017|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803235435/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40762417|archive-date=3 August 2017}}</ref>|group=note}} In Paris, Neymar was voted Ligue 1 Player of the Year in his debut season, was integral to PSG reaching its first ever Champions League final in 2019–20, and became the highest scoring Brazilian player in Champions League history. Dhaawacyo ayaa hareeyay waqtigii Neymar ee PSG iyo 2023, ka dib lix xilli ciyaareed iyo shan horyaal oo Ligue 1 ah, wuxuu u saxiixay Al Hilal heshiis qaali ah. Markii ugu horeysay ee uu u saftay Brazil isagoo 18 jir ah, Neymar ayaa ah [[Waddanka Brazil Kubedka|ciyaaryahanka abid ugu goolasha badan]] xulkiisa isagoo dhaliyay 79 gool 128 kulan oo uu saftay. Wuxuu ku guuleystay 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, isagoo ku guuleystay kubbadda dahabka . [[Koobka Adduunka|Koobkii Adduunka ee FIFA]] ugu horeeyay, daabacaadda 2014, waxaa lagu magacaabay Kooxda Riyada . Ka qaybqaadashadiisa Copa América ee 2015 ayaa la soo gaabiyay ganaax, ka hor inta uusan kabtanka Brazil u qaadin bilad dahab ah ee Olympic-da ee ugu horeysay ee kubada cagta ragga ee Olombikada Xagaaga 2016, isagoo horey u helay bilad qalin ah daabacaadii 2012 . Ka dib markii uu ka tanaasulay kabtanimada, wuxuu ka soo muuqday Koobkii Adduunka 2018, ka dib markii uu dhaawac ku seegay 2019 Copa América, wuxuu ka caawiyay Brazil inay ku dhameysato kaalinta labaad ee tartankii 2021, kaasoo uu ku guuleystay abaalmarinta ciyaaryahanka ugu wanaagsan ee wadajirka ah oo uu weheliyo Messi. [[Koobka Dunida 2022|Koobkii Adduunka 2022]], wuxuu ku biiray Pelé iyo Ronaldo iyagoo ah Brazilian kaliya ee gool ka dhaliyay seddex koob adduun. Neymar ayaa ku guuleystay rikoor lix abaalmarin ah oo Samba Gold ah, kaasoo la siiyay ciyaaryahanka Brazil ugu fiican Yurub. Neymar ayaa ku dhameystay kaalinta seddexaad ee abaalmarinta FIFA Ballon d’Or 2015 iyo 2017, waxaa la gudoonsiiyay abaal marinta FIFA Puskás Award, waxaa loo magacaabay FIFA FIFPro World11 iyo UEFA Team of the Year laba jeer, iyo kooxda UEFA Champions League xilli ciyaareedka seddexaad. waqtiyo. Garoonka ka baxsan, waxa uu ka mid yahay ciyaartooyda ugu caansan adduunka. ''SportsPro'' ayaa u magacawday ciyaartoyga aduunka ugu suuq gaynta badan sanadihii 2012 iyo 2013, ESPN ayaana ku tilmaantay inuu yahay ciyaartoyga afraad ee ugu caansan aduunka 2016. Sannadkii 2017, ''[[Majladda Time|Time]]'' waxa uu ku daray liiska sannadlaha ah ee 100ka qof ee ugu saamaynta badan adduunka . 2018, ''France Football'' ayaa Neymar ku qiimeysay ciyaaryahanka seddexaad ee ugu mushaarka badan adduunka. Sannadkii xigay, ''Forbes'' waxa uu ku qiimeeyay ciyaartoyga saddexaad ee ugu mushaharka badan adduunka, isagoo hoos ugu dhacay kaalinta afraad ee 2020. h9rus1iall82q9nysps9xifmcg2syrk 301488 301487 2026-07-10T15:31:36Z Videoiib7 46243 301488 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior''' (wuxuu dhashay [[5]] [[Febraayo]] 1992), oo loo yaqaan '''Neymar Júnior''' ama si keligiis ah loo yaqaan '''Neymar''', waa xirfadle [[Kubadda Cagta|kubbadda cagta]] Barasil ah oo u ciyaara weeraryahan u ciyaara kooxda ''Saudi Pro League'' ee Al Hilal iyo [[Barasiil|xulka qaranka Barasil]] . Ciyaaryahanka gool dhalinta iyo kubad sameeyaha ah ee caanka ku ah qaab ciyaareedkiisa quruxda badan,waxa lagu tiriyaa inuu yahay mid ka mid ah ciyaartoyda ugu fiican aduunka iyo ciyaaryahanka ugu fiican Barasiil ee jiilkiisa. Neymar ayaa ugu yaraan 100 gool u dhaliyay saddex kooxood oo kala duwan, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ka mid ah ciyaartoyga tirada yar ee guushan gaadhay. [[File:Neymar_Jr_Portrait_(149008871)_(cropped).jpeg|thumb]] Neymar wuxuu caan ka noqday Santos, halkaasoo uu u saftay kulankiisii ugu horreeyay isagoo 17 jir ah. Dhawaan waxa uu noqday xiddiga heerka caalami ee dalka Brazil, waxa uu 2011 kooba Libertadores kula guuleystay Santos, isagoo ahaa kii ugu horreeyay tan iyo 1963dii. Waxaa loo magacaabay ciyaaryahankii ugu fiicnaa Koonfurta Ameerika sannadihii 2011 iyo 2012, wuxuuna u guuray Yurub si uu ugu biiro [[FC Barcelona|Barshelona]] 2013kii. Xilli ciyaareedkiisii labaad, isagoo qayb ka ahaa seddexda weerar ee Barshelona [[Lionel Messi]] iyo [[Luis Suarez|Luis Suárez]], oo loogu magac daray ''MSN'', wuxuu ku guuleystay seddexda koob ee La Liga, Copa del Rey iyo UEFA Champions League . Waxaa lagu dhiirigeliyay inuu noqdo ciyaaryahan heer kooxeed, Neymar ayaa si lama filaan ah uga tagay Barcelona kuna biiray [[Paris Saint-Germain FC|Paris Saint-Germain]] (PSG) 2017 oo ay ku iibsadeen 222 milyan euro, taasoo ka dhigtay ciyaaryahankii ugu qaalisanaa abid .{{refn|Although Barcelona did not classify Neymar's €222 million buyout clause as a transfer fee, it was functionally identical to a transfer fee, since it cancelled his then-current contract with Barcelona (as in a typical transfer). The payment, provided by an unknown source, made him the most expensive football player.<ref name="FCB Neymar">{{cite press release|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/fc-barcelona-communique-on-neymar-jr-buyout-clause|title=FC Barcelona communiqué on Neymar Jr|date=3 August 2017|access-date=3 August 2017|publisher=FC Barcelona|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803171515/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/fc-barcelona-communique-on-neymar-jr-buyout-clause|archive-date=3 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="BBC Neymar">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40762417|title=Neymar: Paris St-Germain sign Barcelona forward for world record 222m euros|date=3 August 2017|access-date=4 August 2017|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803235435/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40762417|archive-date=3 August 2017}}</ref>|group=note}} In Paris, Neymar was voted Ligue 1 Player of the Year in his debut season, was integral to PSG reaching its first ever Champions League final in 2019–20, and became the highest scoring Brazilian player in Champions League history. Dhaawacyo ayaa hareeyay waqtigii Neymar ee PSG iyo 2023, ka dib lix xilli ciyaareed iyo shan horyaal oo Ligue 1 ah, wuxuu u saxiixay Al Hilal heshiis qaali ah. Markii ugu horeysay ee uu u saftay Brazil isagoo 18 jir ah, Neymar ayaa ah [[Waddanka Brazil Kubedka|ciyaaryahanka abid ugu goolasha badan]] xulkiisa isagoo dhaliyay 79 gool 128 kulan oo uu saftay. Wuxuu ku guuleystay 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, isagoo ku guuleystay kubbadda dahabka . [[Koobka Adduunka|Koobkii Adduunka ee FIFA]] ugu horeeyay, daabacaadda 2014, waxaa lagu magacaabay Kooxda Riyada . Ka qaybqaadashadiisa Copa América ee 2015 ayaa la soo gaabiyay ganaax, ka hor inta uusan kabtanka Brazil u qaadin bilad dahab ah ee Olympic-da ee ugu horeysay ee kubada cagta ragga ee Olombikada Xagaaga 2016, isagoo horey u helay bilad qalin ah daabacaadii 2012 . Ka dib markii uu ka tanaasulay kabtanimada, wuxuu ka soo muuqday Koobkii Adduunka 2018, ka dib markii uu dhaawac ku seegay 2019 Copa América, wuxuu ka caawiyay Brazil inay ku dhameysato kaalinta labaad ee tartankii 2021, kaasoo uu ku guuleystay abaalmarinta ciyaaryahanka ugu wanaagsan ee wadajirka ah oo uu weheliyo Messi. [[Koobka Dunida 2022|Koobkii Adduunka 2022]], wuxuu ku biiray Pelé iyo Ronaldo iyagoo ah Brazilian kaliya ee gool ka dhaliyay seddex koob adduun. Neymar ayaa ku guuleystay rikoor lix abaalmarin ah oo Samba Gold ah, kaasoo la siiyay ciyaaryahanka Brazil ugu fiican Yurub. Neymar ayaa ku dhameystay kaalinta seddexaad ee abaalmarinta FIFA Ballon d’Or 2015 iyo 2017, waxaa la gudoonsiiyay abaal marinta FIFA Puskás Award, waxaa loo magacaabay FIFA FIFPro World11 iyo UEFA Team of the Year laba jeer, iyo kooxda UEFA Champions League xilli ciyaareedka seddexaad. waqtiyo. Garoonka ka baxsan, waxa uu ka mid yahay ciyaartooyda ugu caansan adduunka. ''SportsPro'' ayaa u magacawday ciyaartoyga aduunka ugu suuq gaynta badan sanadihii 2012 iyo 2013, ESPN ayaana ku tilmaantay inuu yahay ciyaartoyga afraad ee ugu caansan aduunka 2016. Sannadkii 2017, ''[[Majladda Time|Time]]'' waxa uu ku daray liiska sannadlaha ah ee 100ka qof ee ugu saamaynta badan adduunka . 2018, ''France Football'' ayaa Neymar ku qiimeysay ciyaaryahanka seddexaad ee ugu mushaarka badan adduunka. Sannadkii xigay, ''Forbes'' waxa uu ku qiimeeyay ciyaartoyga saddexaad ee ugu mushaharka badan adduunka, isagoo hoos ugu dhacay kaalinta afraad ee 2020. 3hbc8r65xpo8pd6piqgtru6vuwf7rs3 0 40505 301445 298001 2026-07-10T12:28:11Z Abdirahman cisman yusuf 45878 Waxan wax ka badalay luuqadii 301445 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Musharax Abdirahman cismaan yuusuf|Musharax]] Abdirahman Cisman Yusuf xasan = Taariikh Nololeedka Musharrax Gole Deegaan = '''Magaca:''' Cabdiraxmaan Cismaan Yuusuf Cabdiraxmaan Cismaan Yuusuf waa musharrax u taagan Golaha Deegaanka Degmada Berbera. Waa qof si firfircoon uga qayb qaata arrimaha bulshada, isla markaana danayn weyn u haya horumarka degmada Berbera iyo Gobolka Saaxil. Waxa uu ku dhashay sannadkii '''1996''', miyiga Gobolka Saaxil, gaar ahaan deegaanka miyiga ah ee '''Degmada Raaribuul'''. Waxbarashadiisa dugsiga hoose iyo dhexe waxa uu ku soo qaatay magaalada Hargeysa, isagoo wax ku bartay '''ilays jigjiga Yar Primary School'''. Intaa ka dib, waxbarashadiisa dugsiga sare waxa uu ku dhamaystay magaalada Burco, isagoo ka baxay '''Almustaqbal Secondary School'''. Dhinaca waxbarashada sare, waxa uu ka qaatay '''Diblooma Jaamacadda Golis University – Burco'''. Sidoo kale, waxa uu waxbarashadiisa jaamacadeed ka sii wadaa magaalada Berbera, isagoo dhigta '''Jaamacadda Badda''', isla markaana ku jira '''master degree''' Cabdiraxmaan Cismaan Yuusuf waa '''30 jir''', kuna nool degmada Berbera, halkaas oo uu si joogto ah uga qayb qaato hawlaha bulshada iyo dadaallada lagu horumarinayo deegaanka. Hadafkiisu waa inuu bulshada ugu adeego daacadnimo, hufnaan iyo isla xisaabtan, isagoo ka shaqaynaya horumar waara, adeegyo bulsho oo tayo leh, iyo kobcinta fursadaha dhalinyarada iyo bulshada degmada Berbera. 3ghonsovf0br46mhd6yq1lwr5to2vsp 0 44749 301461 290080 2026-07-10T12:52:38Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Yvonne Enakhena | image = | citizenship = Nigerian | alt = | caption = | birth_date = | birth_place = | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda Lagos]] | years_active = | occupation = Atariisho<br>soo saaraha filimada | parents = }} '''Yvonne Enakhena''' waa jilaa reer Nigeria ah iyo soo saare filim. ==Waxbarashada== Enakhena waxa uu shahaadada Masraxa iyo Farshaxanka Warbaahinta ka qaatay Jaamacadda Lagos . ==Xirfad== Waddada shaqadeeda ayay sheegtay in lagu dhibaateeyay markii ay door raadinaysay Yvonne Enakhena waxay bilawday jilista 2012. Waxay caan ku noqotay doorkeedii jilaa ee taxanaha Hotel Majestic Sannadkii 2017, waxay soo saartay filim iyada u gaar ah oo cinwaankeedu yahay Trace . ==Tixraac== [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/i-fasted-seven-days-for-movie-role/ "Waxaan u soomay todobo maalmood doorka filimka - Yvonne Enakhena"] [https://www.legit.ng/56864.html "Waan u qallalay 7 maalmood oo aan door ka qaadanayo filimka Nollywood"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.legit.ng/56864.html |date=20220727102531 }} [https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/trace-blossom-chukwujekwu-bayray-mcwinzu-yvonne-enakhena-attend-premiere/c98ewrk "Blossom Chukwujekwu, Bayray Mcwinzu, Yvonne Enakhena waxay ka soo qayb galeen bandhiga"] [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/07/yvonne-enakhena-condemns-infidelity-new-movie-trace/ "Yvonne Enakhena wuxuu cambaareeyay gaalnimada filimka cusub ee Trace"] [https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/bon-awards-2019-here-are-the-winners-of-11th-edition-in-kano/kdvbnj0 "Abaalmarinta BON 2019: Xiddigaha Nollywood waxay isugu imaanayaan daabacaaddii 11-aad gudaha Kano"] o33ajfedpn6edteyvhfe2ljg0b3gsdn 0 47264 301533 295334 2026-07-10T22:41:09Z Jiraan44 44668 /* */ Soyaalki beesha jiraan koombe 301533 wikitext text/x-wiki Taariikhda beesha Jiraan Koombe waxay si weyn ugu dhex milantay halgankii dheeraa ee ay Soomaalidu kula jirtay boqortooyadii Xabashida iyo difaacii gobolka Harar. Maadaama ay degaan deegaan muhiim ah oo u dhexeeya dhulka sare (Highlands) iyo banka Jigjiga, waxay galeen dagaallo go'aamiyey masiirka deegaankaas. Halkan waxaa ku qoran qodobbada ugu muhiimsan ee halgankooda: 1. Halgankii Saldanaddii Cadal (Qarnigii 16aad) Jiraan Koombe iyo walaalahood Geri Koombe waxay ahaayeen laf-dhabarta ciidankii Imaam Axmed Gurey. Dagaalkii Shimbra Kure: Beelaha Koombe waxay ka mid ahaayeen cutubyadii ugu horreeyay ee jabiyay ciidankii Boqor Libne Dengel sannadkii 1529-kii. Doorkooda: Waxay ahaayeen dadka aqoonta u leh dhulka buuraleyda ah ee Harar, taas oo sahashay in ciidanka Islaamku ay ku dhuftaan kuna dhuumaaleystaan dhulkaas adag. 2. Difaacii Harar iyo Xiriirka Oromada Dagaaladii ugu cusbaa ee ay beeshu gashay waxay ka dhaceen nawaaxiga Harar iyo Gursum xilliyadii ay socdeen guuritaanka weyn ee qowmiyadda Oromada (Oromo migrations). Dagaalladii Gursum: Beesha Jiraan Koombe waxay dagaallo qaraar la gashay beelaha Oromada ee doonayay inay la wareegaan dhulka beeraha ah ee u dhow Harar. Natiijada: In kasta oo cadaadis badani jiray, Jiraan Koombe waxay ku guuleysteen inay sii haysadaan deegaannada istiraatiijiga ah sida Bambas, kuwaas oo ilaa maanta ah xarumahooda rasmiga ah. 3. Dagaalkii Chelenqo (1887) Kani waa mid ka mid ah dagaallada ugu xanuunka badan ee ay gashay beesha Jiraan Koombe. Xaaladda: Markii uu Boqor Menelik II soo weeraray Harar, beesha Jiraan Koombe waxay ka mid ahayd ciidankii uu hoggaaminayay Amiir Cabdullaahi (Amiirkii ugu dambeeyay ee Harar). Geesinimada: Waxay safka hore kaga jireen dagaalkii looga adkaaday ciidankii Harar, taas oo horseedday in magaalada Harar ay gacanta u gasho Itoobiya. Halgankaas wuxuu ahaa mid lagu difaacayay madax-bannaanida iyo diinta. 4. Halgankii Gobolka Fafan (Qarnigii 20aad) Beeshu waxay door firfircoon ka qaadatay dhaqdhaqaaqyadii xorriyad doonka ee Soomaali Galbeed, gaar ahaan: Halgankii WSLF (Western Somali Liberation Front): Dagaalkii 1977-kii, beesha Jiraan Koombe waxay ka mid ahayd beelihii sida tooska ah ula dagaalamay taliskii Dergiga ee Itoobiya, iyagoo hubka u qaatay xoreynta dhulka Jigjiga iyo nawaaxigeeda. Halkay ku dambeeyeen maanta? Maanta, beesha Jiraan Koombe waxay ku dambaysay inay noqoto beel deggan deegaan istiraatiiji ah oo dhanka dhaqaalaha iyo beeraha muhiim u ah: Degmooyinka: Waxay si buuxda u degaan Gursum (Bambas), Babili, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Jigjiga. Saamaynta: Waxay leeyihiin maamuus iyo ixtiraam weyn oo dhanka dhaqanka ah, iyagoo xiriir dhow la leh beelaha kale ee Soomaalida iyo kuwa aan Soomaalida ahayn ee ay deriska yihiin, taas oo ka dhigtay inay noqdaan buundo isku xirta ganacsiga iyo nabadda aaggaas. Ma jeclaan lahayd inaan kuu faahfaahiyo hogaamiyeyaashii ama geesiyaashii ugu caansanaa ee beesha Jiraan Koombe kaga jiray dagaaladaa.. https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Matan_ibn_Uthman_Al_Somali en31zv1p1ayypfvasvdfnk24ekmunal 301534 301533 2026-07-10T22:42:18Z Jiraan44 44668 /* */ Soyaalkii beesha jiraan koombe 301534 wikitext text/x-wiki Taariikhda beesha Jiraan Koombe waxay si weyn ugu dhex milantay halgankii dheeraa ee ay Soomaalidu kula jirtay boqortooyadii Xabashida iyo difaacii gobolka Harar. Maadaama ay degaan deegaan muhiim ah oo u dhexeeya dhulka sare (Highlands) iyo banka Jigjiga, waxay galeen dagaallo go'aamiyey masiirka deegaankaas. Halkan waxaa ku qoran qodobbada ugu muhiimsan ee halgankooda: 1. Halgankii Saldanaddii Cadal (Qarnigii 16aad) Jiraan Koombe iyo walaalahood Geri Koombe waxay ahaayeen laf-dhabarta ciidankii Imaam Axmed Gurey. Dagaalkii Shimbra Kure: Beelaha Koombe waxay ka mid ahaayeen cutubyadii ugu horreeyay ee jabiyay ciidankii Boqor Libne Dengel sannadkii 1529-kii. Doorkooda: Waxay ahaayeen dadka aqoonta u leh dhulka buuraleyda ah ee Harar, taas oo sahashay in ciidanka Islaamku ay ku dhuftaan kuna dhuumaaleystaan dhulkaas adag. 2. Difaacii Harar iyo Xiriirka Oromada Dagaaladii ugu cusbaa ee ay beeshu gashay waxay ka dhaceen nawaaxiga Harar iyo Gursum xilliyadii ay socdeen guuritaanka weyn ee qowmiyadda Oromada (Oromo migrations). Dagaalladii Gursum: Beesha Jiraan Koombe waxay dagaallo qaraar la gashay beelaha Oromada ee doonayay inay la wareegaan dhulka beeraha ah ee u dhow Harar. Natiijada: In kasta oo cadaadis badani jiray, Jiraan Koombe waxay ku guuleysteen inay sii haysadaan deegaannada istiraatiijiga ah sida Bambas, kuwaas oo ilaa maanta ah xarumahooda rasmiga ah. 3. Dagaalkii Chelenqo (1887) Kani waa mid ka mid ah dagaallada ugu xanuunka badan ee ay gashay beesha Jiraan Koombe. Xaaladda: Markii uu Boqor Menelik II soo weeraray Harar, beesha Jiraan Koombe waxay ka mid ahayd ciidankii uu hoggaaminayay Amiir Cabdullaahi (Amiirkii ugu dambeeyay ee Harar). Geesinimada: Waxay safka hore kaga jireen dagaalkii looga adkaaday ciidankii Harar, taas oo horseedday in magaalada Harar ay gacanta u gasho Itoobiya. Halgankaas wuxuu ahaa mid lagu difaacayay madax-bannaanida iyo diinta. 4. Halgankii Gobolka Fafan (Qarnigii 20aad) Beeshu waxay door firfircoon ka qaadatay dhaqdhaqaaqyadii xorriyad doonka ee Soomaali Galbeed, gaar ahaan: Halgankii WSLF (Western Somali Liberation Front): Dagaalkii 1977-kii, beesha Jiraan Koombe waxay ka mid ahayd beelihii sida tooska ah ula dagaalamay taliskii Dergiga ee Itoobiya, iyagoo hubka u qaatay xoreynta dhulka Jigjiga iyo nawaaxigeeda. Halkay ku dambeeyeen maanta? Maanta, beesha Jiraan Koombe waxay ku dambaysay inay noqoto beel deggan deegaan istiraatiiji ah oo dhanka dhaqaalaha iyo beeraha muhiim u ah: Degmooyinka: Waxay si buuxda u degaan Gursum (Bambas), Babili, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Jigjiga. Saamaynta: Waxay leeyihiin maamuus iyo ixtiraam weyn oo dhanka dhaqanka ah, iyagoo xiriir dhow la leh beelaha kale ee Soomaalida iyo kuwa aan Soomaalida ahayn ee ay deriska yihiin, taas oo ka dhigtay inay noqdaan buundo isku xirta ganacsiga iyo nabadda aaggaas. Ma jeclaan lahayd inaan kuu faahfaahiyo hogaamiyeyaashii ama geesiyaashii ugu caansanaa ee beesha Jiraan Koombe kaga jiray dagaaladaa.. https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Matan_ibn_Uthman_Al_Somali hnamvif94tcpgho13hj7zlubps4nd78 0 47547 301411 301389 2026-07-10T12:04:51Z ~2026-34537-45 46057 301411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Muuse Dhimbil | native_name = |image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region3={{flagcountry|Turkey}}||region4={{flagcountry| United States}} | languages = [[Somali language|Somali]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = iyo kuwo kale |region6={{flagcountry| Ethiopia}}}} Beesha '''Muuse Dhimbil'''({{lang-so|Muuse Dhimbil}}, {{lang-en|Muuse Dhimbil}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. <ref>Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.</ref><ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615</ref>Beesha Muuse Dhimbil Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley ilaa Aware.<ref>A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland </ref> ==Hordhac == Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya. ==Abtirsiin== {{Tree list}} *Muuse Dhimbil **Abdale Muse ***Muse Abdale ****Abdalleh Muse *****Jibril Abdalle ******Saeed Jibril *******Abdi Said ********Salah Abdi ********Roble Abdi ******Hersi Jibril *******Ahmed Hersi *******Abdalle Hersi ******Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil) *******Hersi Kalil *******Egal Kalil *******Deria kalil *******Ali kalil ******Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) *******Aden Mohamed ********Benin Aden ********Nour Aden ********Ali Aden ********Adan Aden ******Abdi Jibril *******Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) ********Mumin Ali ********Naleye Ali ********Hussein Ali *********Abdalle Hussien *********Mohamed Hussien *********Nour Hussien *********Jama Hussien **********Hassan Jama **********Aden Jama **********Guled Jama ***********Abdalle Guled ***********Mohamed Guled ***********Hassan Guled *******Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ********Ismail Nour ********Hersi Nour ********Gabal Nour ********Mohamed Nour *******Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *******Abdille Abdi ********Gallab Abdi (Rer Gallab) *********Ismail Gallab *********Asker Gallab ********Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) *********Guled Eiae *********Sharmake Eiae ********Mohamed Abdille *********Ahmed Mohamed *********Samter Ahmed *********Ziyad Ahmed *********Mayle Ahmed *********Elmi Ahmed *********Warfa Ahmed *********Geedi Ahmed *********Amanle Ahmed *********Food Ahmed *********Roble Ahmed *********Ainanshe Ahmed *********Wais Ahmed *********Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **********Ismail Dhible **********Barre Dhible *********Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *********Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **********Derie Gubadleh **********Boqorre Gubdleh ****Mohamoud Muse *****Shirdon Mohamoud *****Hildiid Mohamoud ******Ali Hildiid ******Geedi Hildiid ******Hersi Hildiid {{tree list/end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Muuse Dhimbil !Magaca ! class="unsortable" |Tirada Qabiilada !Magacyada Qabiilada !Deegaanka !Sharaxaad Kooban |- || '''[[Beeaha Ali Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Mumin Ali *Naleye Ali *Hussien Ali **Abdalle Hussien **Mohamed Hussein **Nour Hussein **Jama Hussien ***Hassan Jama ***Aden Jama ***Guled Jama **Abdalle Guled **Mohamed Guled **Hassan Guled ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Aware]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[beesha Nuur]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ismail Nour *Gabal Nour *Hersi Nour *Mohamed Nour ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Benin Abdi|beesha Rer Benin]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ahmed Benin *Hersi Benin *Osman Bein *Naleye Ahmed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Abdille Abdi|beesha Abdalle Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Gallab abdille *Eiye Abdille *Mohamed Abdille ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |} ==Notable figures== ===Royalty=== *Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ughaz) and highly respected traditional leader. === Politicians === * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician. * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia ===Military=== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader. *Aden Mohamed Guhad – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Hussein Habane – is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered SomalIi SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship ===Intellectuals=== * Sh Mohamed Ali Geedi – Scholar and Founder of many Schools, which operates and establishes multiple schools across Somaliland and Beder International University. * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Mustafe Ali – is a scholar and lecturer at one of the universities of Pakistan * Dr.Mohamed Ahmed Sulub is the chairman of Hargeisa University. === Journalists=== * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== sg99fohtiznmtfrem2b02hpdjurtbrx 301587 301411 2026-07-11T08:17:19Z ~2026-34537-45 46057 301587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Muuse Dhimbil | native_name = |image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Eratareya}}|region3={{flagcountry|Turkey}}||region4={{flagcountry| United States}} | languages = [[Somali language|Somali]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = iyo kuwo kale |region6={{flagcountry| Ethiopia}}}} Beesha '''Muuse Dhimbil'''({{lang-so|Muuse Dhimbil}}, {{lang-en|Muuse Dhimbil}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. <ref>Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.</ref><ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615</ref>Beesha Muuse Dhimbil Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley ilaa Aware.<ref>A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland </ref> ==Hordhac == Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya. ==Abtirsiin== {{Tree list}} *Muuse Dhimbil **Abdale Muse ***Muse Abdale ****Abdalleh Muse *****Jibril Abdalle ******Saeed Jibril *******Abdi Said ********Salah Abdi ********Roble Abdi ******Hersi Jibril *******Ahmed Hersi *******Abdalle Hersi ******Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil) *******Hersi Kalil *******Egal Kalil *******Deria kalil *******Ali kalil ******Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) *******Aden Mohamed ********Benin Aden ********Nour Aden ********Ali Aden ********Adan Aden ******Abdi Jibril *******Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) ********Mumin Ali ********Naleye Ali ********Hussein Ali *********Abdalle Hussien *********Mohamed Hussien *********Nour Hussien *********Jama Hussien **********Hassan Jama **********Aden Jama **********Guled Jama ***********Abdalle Guled ***********Mohamed Guled ***********Hassan Guled *******Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ********Ismail Nour ********Hersi Nour ********Gabal Nour ********Mohamed Nour *******Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *******Abdille Abdi ********Gallab Abdi (Rer Gallab) *********Ismail Gallab *********Asker Gallab ********Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) *********Guled Eiae *********Sharmake Eiae ********Mohamed Abdille *********Ahmed Mohamed *********Samter Ahmed *********Ziyad Ahmed *********Mayle Ahmed *********Elmi Ahmed *********Warfa Ahmed *********Geedi Ahmed *********Amanle Ahmed *********Food Ahmed *********Roble Ahmed *********Ainanshe Ahmed *********Wais Ahmed *********Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **********Ismail Dhible **********Barre Dhible *********Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *********Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **********Derie Gubadleh **********Boqorre Gubdleh ****Mohamoud Muse *****Shirdon Mohamoud *****Hildiid Mohamoud ******Ali Hildiid ******Geedi Hildiid ******Hersi Hildiid {{tree list/end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Muuse Dhimbil !Magaca ! class="unsortable" |Tirada Qabiilada !Magacyada Qabiilada !Deegaanka !Sharaxaad Kooban |- || '''[[Beeaha Ali Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Mumin Ali *Naleye Ali *Hussien Ali **Abdalle Hussien **Mohamed Hussein **Nour Hussein **Jama Hussien ***Hassan Jama ***Aden Jama ***Guled Jama **Abdalle Guled **Mohamed Guled **Hassan Guled ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Aware]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[beesha Nuur]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ismail Nour *Gabal Nour *Hersi Nour *Mohamed Nour ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Benin Abdi|beesha Rer Benin]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ahmed Benin *Hersi Benin *Osman Bein *Naleye Ahmed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Abdille Abdi|beesha Abdalle Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Gallab abdille *Eiye Abdille *Mohamed Abdille ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |} ==Notable figures== ===Royalty=== *Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ughaz) and highly respected traditional leader. === Politicians === * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician. * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia ===Military=== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader. *Aden Mohamed Guhad – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Hussein Habane – is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered SomalIi SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship ===Intellectuals=== * Sh Mohamed Ali Geedi – Scholar and Founder of many Schools, which operates and establishes multiple schools across Somaliland and Beder International University. * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Mustafe Ali – is a scholar and lecturer at one of the universities of Pakistan * Dr.Mohamed Ahmed Sulub is the chairman of Hargeisa University. === Journalists=== * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== teycfb7thoo6bhmv0q4qapayt3jeylt 0 47968 301412 300168 2026-07-10T12:05:03Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Mzimvubu | name_other = {{native name|xh|Umzimvubu River}} | name_etymology = Waxay ka dhigan tahay "meesha [[hippopotamus|jeerka]]" afka Xhosa<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.salanguages.com/munnames.htm|title=South African Languages &#124; Place names|website=www.salanguages.com}}</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = IY188 pg018 THE MOUTH OF THE UMZIMVUBU 'GATES' OF ST JOHN'S RIVER, NATAL.jpg | image_size = 300px | image_caption = Mzimvubu "gates" | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka Webiga Mzimvubu ku yaallo <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of South Africa|Gobol]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Eastern Cape Province|Gobolka Eastern Cape]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|250|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Drakensberg]], [[Eastern Cape]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|2050|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Port St. Johns]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|31|37|S|29|32|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|19853|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = [[Kinira River (Mzimvubu)|Kinira]], [[Thina River|Thina]], [[Tsitsa River|Tsitsa]] | tributaries_right = [[Mzintlava River|Mzintlava]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Mzimvubu''' ama '''Webiga Umzimvubu''' waa mid ka mid ah webiyada ugu muhiimsan [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa|title=myfundi.co.za|website=myfundi.co.za}}</ref> Wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Eastern Cape Province|Gobolka Eastern Cape]]. ==Koorsada== Webigu wuxuu isha ku leeyahay gobolka waqooyi ee Eastern Cape, aagga [[Matatiele Local Municipality|Matatiele]] iyo [[Mount Fletcher]] oo u dhow xadka [[Lesotho]]. Mzimvubu wuxuu ku qulqulaa leexashooyin iyo qalloocyo guud ahaan jihada koonfur-bari wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] isagoo maraya doox aad u qurux badan oo loo yaqaan "Gates of St John" ilaa [[estuary|af-webi]] ku yaalla [[Port St. Johns]]. Wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii 400 km oo leh aag weysada oo dhan 19,853 km².<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverECMzimvubu/defaultmain.htm |title=vn Rivers - Mzimvubu river |access-date=2012-03-26 }}</ref> Inkastoo uu yahay mid ka mid ah webiyada waaweyn ee Koonfur Afrika, Mzimvubu iyo weysadiisu inta badan waa kuwo aan horumarin. Waqtigan xaadirka ah webigani waa qayb ka mid ah [[Mzimvubu to Keiskamma Water Management Area|Aagga Maareynta Biyaha ee Mzimvubu ilaa Keiskamma]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext|title=Is there a role for traditional governance systems in South Africa's new water management regime?|first1=Farai|last1=Kapfudzaruwa|first2=Merle|last2=Sowman|date=13 October 2009|journal=Water SA|volume=35|issue=5|pages=683–692|doi=10.4314/wsa.v35i5.49195 |via=SciELO|doi-access=free}}</ref> ==Taariikhda== Sannadkii 1635 markabkii [[Portuguese Empire|Boortaqiiska]] 'Nossa Senhora de Belem' ayaa ku xayirmay afka Webiga Mzimvubu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mpondo Kingdom - The History of The Kingdom |url=http://www.mpondokingdom.co.za/history.html |access-date=2026-06-26 |archive-date=2013-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704043140/http://www.mpondokingdom.co.za/history.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Webiga Mzimvubu wuxuu u qaybiyaa [[Pondoland]] bariga iyo galbeedka Pondoland.<ref>[http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06082007-090102/unrestricted/01chapter1.pdf Contributions to the ecology of Maputaland, Southern Africa]</ref> Horey afka webiga waxaa loo isticmaali jiray deked, laakiin hawshan ayaa la joojiyay 1940-meeyadii markii af-webigu uu aad u qoto-dheeraaday maraakiibta waaweyn sababo la xiriira [[siltation|dhoobo-uruurinta]] iyo xaqiiqda ah in mararka qaarkood ciiddu ay xirto iridda. Waqtigan xaadirka ah af-webigu waa mid la mari karo oo kaliya maraakiibta yaryar qiyaastii 10 km oo kor u qaada webiga.<ref name="Paradise">van der Merwe, E. and Costello, K. ''Port St. Johns, "Paradise in Pondoland" (2nd edition)''.</ref> ==Gacan-biyoodyada== Gacan-biyoodyada ugu waaweyn ee Webiga Mzimvubu waa [[Tsitsa River|Webiga Tsitsa]], [[Thina River|Webiga Thina]] (Tina), [[Kinira River (Mzimvubu)|Webiga Kinira]] iyo [[Mzintlava River|Webiga Mzintlava]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA12MzimvubuKeiskamma.jpg Mzimbuvu to Keiskamma WMA 12]</ref> ==Deegaanka== Qaar ka mid ah kalluunka laga qabto biyahiisa waa [[Rainbow trout|Oncorhynchus mykiss]], oo ah [[introduced species|nooc la soo geliyay]], [[Barbus anoplus]] iyo [[Anguilla mossambica]]; kuwa kale, sida [[Micropterus salmoides]] iyo [[Cyprinus carpio]], waa [[invasive species|noocyo duullaan ah]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/froc.asp FROC - Reference frequency of occurrence of fish species in South Africa]</ref> [[Bull shark|Shark-ga Bull-ka]] ayaa inta badan yimaada biyaha waxaana la og yahay inay ku tarmaan webiga waxayna ku xiran yihiin weeraro taxane ah oo ka dhacay xeebaha u dhow.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thesardine.co.za/sharks-and-sound-at-port-st-johns-second-beach/|title=Sharks and Sound at Port St Johns Second Beach|first=John|last=Costello|date=4 September 2023}}</ref> Hindisayaasha maareynta weysada ee qaybta sare ee webiga waxaa ka mid ah Barnaamijka Iskaashiga Weysada Umzimvubu, kaas oo ay aasaaseen Environmental and Rural Solutions iyo [[Conservation South Africa|Conservation Koonfur Afrika]].<ref>{{cite report |title=Umzimvubu Catchment Partnership |publisher=WWF South Africa |url=https://wwfafrica.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/umzimvubu-wsp-factsheet.pdf?54825%2Fumzimvubu-catchment-partnership= |format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Umzimvubu Catchment Partnership Programme |url=https://biodiversityinvestment.environment.gov.za/umzimvubu-catchment-partnership-programme |website=Biodiversity Sector Investment Portal |publisher=South African Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[List of rivers of South Africa|Liiska webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] * [[List of estuaries of South Africa|Liiska af-webiyada Koonfur Afrika]] * [[Port St. Johns]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist|2}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category}} *[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/ecape_04/MZIMVUBU%20RIVER%20SPRING%20SURVEY.pdf Mzimvubu River Spring Survey] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/ecape_04/MZIMVUBU%20RIVER%20SPRING%20SURVEY.pdf |date=20160307013719 }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120324002847/http://routes.co.za/ec/portstjohns/index.html Routes, Eastern Cape - Port St Johns] *[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext Is there a role for traditional governance systems in South Africa's new water management regime?] {{Authority control}} 30h86udpcsd0pdbqbhttgpu0ona40gj 0 48197 301440 299946 2026-07-10T12:23:03Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Wabiga Tshilongo | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddan | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiiga Kongo]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|10|32|29|S|26|02|09|E}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Wabiga Kando]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|10|48|40|S|26|02|52|E|display=it}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Wabiga Lualaba]] | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Wabiga Tshilongo''' (Af-Faransiis: ''Rivière Tshilongo'') waa wabi ku yaal koonfur-bari ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiiga Kongo]]. == Socodka == Dooxada Wabiga Tshilongo, oo ka qulqula waqooyi ilaa koonfur, waxay ku taal galbeedka dooxada wabiyada Dipeta iyo Mofia.{{sfn|Avenent 2014...|p=2}} Wabiga Tshilongo wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa koonfurta tuulada Tshilongo wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur-bari ilaa [[Tenke, Democratic Republic of the Congo|Tenke]].{{sfn|Avenent 2014...|p=20}} Inta uu socdo qaybtan waddada gobolka RP615 iyo tareenka [[Lubudi]]–Tenke ayaa barbar socda wabiga.{{fact|date=Sebteembar 2021}} Wabiga Tshilongo wuxuu markaas u ordaa koonfurta Tenke si uu ugu biiro [[Wabiga Kando]]. Kando wuxuu u qulqulaa galbeedka si uu ugu biiro [[Wabiga Lualaba]] meel u dhow [[Kolwezi]].{{sfn|Golder Associates|2007|p=15}} Nooc cusub oo dhir ah, ''[[Streptocarpus]] malachiticola'', ayaa laga helay inta u dhexaysa Tshilongo dhagaxyada ku teedsan bangiga midig meel u dhow tuulada Kabwe sanadkii 1980.{{sfn|Fischer|Darbyshire|2021|p=265}} == Taariikh == Shirkadda [[Compagnie de Chemin de fer du Katanga]] waxay furtay qaybta {{convert|114.3|km}} ee khadka [[Lubumbashi]] – [[Bukama]] oo ka socotay [[Kamatanda Junction]] ilaa Tenke iyo Wabiga Tshilongo 15 Luuliyo 1914. Qaybta {{convert|89.4|km}} ee ka socota Wabiga Tshilongo ilaa [[Lubudi]] waxay furtay 1 Abriil 1918.{{fact|date=Sebteembar 2021}} Tareenka Benguela wuxuu socday {{convert|837|mi}} isagoo maraya [[Portuguese West Africa|Afrika Galbeed ee Bortuqiiska]] (Angola) laga bilaabo [[Lobito]] Bay ee Atlantic ilaa xadka gobolka Katanga ee [[Belgian Congo|Kongo ee Biljamka]]. Waxay furtay xagga xadka 10 Juun 1929. Tallaabadii xigtay waxay ahayd dhismaha qaybta {{convert|335|mi}} ee ka socota xadka ilaa Tshilongo ee Tenke.{{sfn|Editorial Notes 1929|p=405}} Khadka [[Dilolo]]–Tenke wuxuu furtay 26 Abriil 1931. Intii lagu jiray [[Operation Grandslam]], halkaas oo ciidamada [[United Nations peacekeeping|ilaalinta nabadda ee Qaramada Midoobay]] ay weerareen gooni-goosadka [[State of Katanga|Gobolka Katanga]], 17 Janaayo 1963 qaybo horudhac ah oo ka tirsan Brigade-ka 99-aad waxay gaareen Wabiga Tshilongo halkaas oo lagu amray inay joojiyaan. Galabtaas [[Moïse Tshombe]] wuxuu si rasmi ah u dhiibay hubka.{{sfn|Praval|2012|loc=Six: Non-alignment and peace-keeping : The Congo}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=http://congomines.org/system/attachments/assets/000/000/760/original/Avenant_2014_EIES_TFM.pdf?1439556772 |accessdate=2021-09-12 |language=fr |title=Avenent 2014 de l'évaluations des impacts environnementaux er sociaux |date=Luuliyo 2014 |ref={{harvid|Avenent 2014...}} |publisher=Tenke Fungurume Mining |archive-date=2021-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912164340/http://congomines.org/system/attachments/assets/000/000/760/original/Avenant_2014_EIES_TFM.pdf?1439556772 |url-status=dead }} *{{citation |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/717303 |ref={{harvid|Editorial Notes 1929}} |title=Editorial Notes |publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal African Society |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=28 |issue=112 |date=Luuliyo 1929 |pages=405–412|jstor=717303 }} *{{citation |title=Five new species of Streptocarpus (Gesneriaceae) from Katanga, D.R. Congo |last1=Fischer |first1=Eberhard |first2=Iain |last2=Darbyshire |journal=Plant Ecology and Evolution |volume=154 |issue=2 |date=24 Juun 2021 |pages=264–280 |publisher=Royal Botanical Society of Belgium and the Botanic Garden Meise |doi=10.5091/plecevo.2021.1824 |jstor=27029816 |s2cid=237856662 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27029816 |accessdate=2021-09-12|doi-access=free }} *{{citation |url=https://www3.opic.gov/environment/eia/tenke/Volume%20E%20General%20Appendices.pdf |accessdate=2021-09-12 |author=Golder Associates |title=Environmental Impact Assessment Tenke Fungurume Project |volume=E |date=Maarso 2007 |archive-date=2021-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321042352/https://www3.opic.gov/environment/eia/tenke/Volume%20E%20General%20Appendices.pdf |url-status=dead }} *{{citation |last=Praval |first =K. C.| title = Indian Army After Independence| publisher = Lancer Publishers |date = 2012|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=hUPwwAEACAAJ | isbn = 9781935501619}} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tshilongo River}} cl3uewqr4dd0nw235epq6qg2p9ep21e 0 48496 301428 300653 2026-07-10T12:12:10Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Sand | native_name = {{native name|nso|Polokwane}} | name_other = Sandrivier | name_etymology = ''Polokwane'' oo macnaheedu yahay "meesha badbaadada" ee [[Northern Sotho language|Luqadda Waqooyiga Sotho]].<ref>[http://africanlanguages.com/south_africa/place_names_sagns.html Meanings of place names in South Africa]</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu ku yaal afka Webiga Sand <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = Gobollada Mpumalanga iyo Limpopo | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalada | subdivision_name5 = [[Polokwane]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|350|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Yserberg]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|2039|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]] | mouth_location = u dhow [[Musina]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|22|18|50|S|30|7|41|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|418|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|15630|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = [[Mulaudzi River|Mulaudzi]] (Blood), [[Hout River|Hout]], [[Moleletsane River|Moleletsane]], [[Brak River|Brak]] | tributaries_right = [[Diep River (Limpopo)|Diep]], [[Koperspruit]], [[Dwars River|Dwars]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html|title=State of Rivers Report - The Olifants River System|publisher=Council for Scientific and Industrial Research|accessdate=2009-02-19|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html|archivedate=2007-07-03}}</ref> }} [[File:DeHoop.png | thumb | right | alt=A diagram of potential dam construction | Shax muujinaysa dhismaha suurtogalka ah ee biyo-xireen laga dhiso webiga De Hoop ]] '''Webiga Sand''' ama '''Webiga Polokwane'''<ref>[http://www.krugerpark.co.za/krugerpark-times-2-15-olifants-river-lepelle-20557.html Olifants River now called Lepelle]</ref> ({{langx|af|Sandrivier}}) waa koorso biyeed ku yaal [[Limpopo Province|Gobolka Limpopo]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]], waana laan dhanka midig kaga biirta [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]]. Magaciisa cusub ee "Webiga Polokwane" wuxuu la magac yahay magaalada [[Polokwane]], oo hore loo oran jiray Pietersburg, taas oo qiyaastii {{convert|200|km|mi}} kor uga xigta afkiisa. Webiga Sand wuxuu dhex maraa cirifka galbeed ee magaaladan. ==Marinka== Ishiisu waxay ku taal dhanka koonfureed ee [[Mokopane]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhanka waqooyi isagoo dhex mara bartamaha Gobolka Limpopo ilaa uu ka gooyo [[Soutpansberg]] isagoo dhex maraya hantida qotada dheer ee Waterpoort. Ka dib wuxuu u qalloocdaa dhanka waqooyi isagoo dhex mara [[Lowveld]] ilaa uu kaga biiro bangiga midig ee Limpopo {{convert|7|km|mi|0}} dhanka bari ee [[Musina]].<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin]</ref> Inkastoo loo arko [[perennial stream|durdur joogto ah]] haddana inta badan waa uu engegaa xilliga jiilaalka. [[veld|Dhulka daaqsinka (veld)]] ee dooxada Webiga Sand wuxuu la kulmay xaalad xaaluf ah, inta badan sababtoo ah [[overgrazing|daaqsin xad-dhaaf ah]]. Waxaa jira aagag [[wetland|dhul qoyan]] ah oo ku yaal dooxada. Aaggani waa [[ecosystem|nidaam deegaan]] muhiim u ah dhirta qaarkood ee naadirka ah ama qarka u saaran inay dabar-go'aan, iyo sidoo kale noocyada rafiidka (rah) iyo shimbiraha. Waxaa jira 18 miino oo ku yaal dooxada Webiga Sand.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.limpoporak.com/en/river/sub-basin+summaries/Sand.aspx |title=Sand Sub-basin |access-date=2012-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420102211/http://www.limpoporak.com/en/river/sub-basin+summaries/Sand.aspx |archive-date=2012-04-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Biyo-xireennada iyo laamaha=== Biyo-xireenka kaliya ee xaddidnaanta weyn leh ee ku yaal dooxada Webiga Sand waa [[Mathala Dam|Biyo-xireenka Mathala]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan ''Biyo-xireenka Houtrivier'', kaas oo ku yaal [[Hout River|Webiga Hout]], oo ah laan dhanka bidix kaga biirta Sand.<ref>[http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverLimSand/defaultmain.htm Sand River]</ref> [[Diep River (Limpopo)|Webiga Diep]] wuxuu kula kulmaa bangiga midig ee Webiga Sand dhanka waqooyi-bari ee magaalada Polokwane. [[Mulaudzi River|Webiga Mulaudzi]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan "Blood River", wuxuu kaga biiraa Webiga Sand dhanka bidix meel u dhow waqooyiga Polokwane. [[Seshego Dam|Biyo-xireenka Seshego]] waa biyo-xireen yar oo ku yaal Mulaudzi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Polokwane Municipality |url=http://www.polokwane.gov.za/userfiles/1/file/Information%20Centre/Document%20Library/Draft-IDP-2010-2011-final-26%20-March-2010.pdf |access-date=2026-07-03 |archive-date=2013-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927141406/http://www.polokwane.gov.za/userfiles/1/file/Information%20Centre/Document%20Library/Draft-IDP-2010-2011-final-26%20-March-2010.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Brak River|Webiga Brak]] waa [[intermittent stream|durdur xilliyeed]] qulqula inta u dhaxeysa [[Blouberg (range)|Blouberg]] iyo [[Soutpansberg]], isagoo kaga biira bangiga bidix ee Webiga Sand qiyaastii {{convert|35|km|mi}} u jirta Webiga Limpopo. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== *[http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol123rb.html The Anglo-Boer War, 1899-1902 - The Far North-Western Front] *[http://www.travelcomments.com/travel_info/TravelComments_com_oldnewplaces_sa.pdf Old & New Place Names in South Africa] *[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA1Limpopo.jpg Limpopo WMA1] fnub0k6shd4kmemasxtad4kdue7gfqj 0 48538 301407 300713 2026-07-10T12:02:36Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Msunduzi | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Dusi, Umsinduzi | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Duzi3.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Biyo-xireenka uumay qaybta Camps Drift ee Webiga Msunduzi, ee magaalada Pietermaritzburg. Qaybtan la xirey waxaa loo isticmaalaa ku-dhaqanka doonyaha iyo ruxista, waana barta laga bilaabo tartanka Dusi Canoe Marathon. | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of South Africa|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name3 = [[KwaZulu-Natal Province|KwaZulu-Natal]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalo | subdivision_name5 = [[Pietermaritzburg]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Mngeni River|Webiga Mngeni]] {{coord|29|37|14|S|30|40|36|E|name=Mngeni Msundusi confluence|display=title}} | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Msunduzi''' waa webi ku yaal gobolka [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waxaa kale oo loogu yeeraa magaciisa la [[anglicisation|ingiriiseeyey]], ee ''Webiga Dusi''. Magaca asalka ah, ''Msunduzi'', waa af [[Zulu language|isiZulu]]. Msunduzi waa [[tributary|laan]] ka mid ah [[Mngeni River|Webiga Mngeni]]. == Magaalada Pietermaritzburg == Webiga Msunduzi wuxuu dhex maraa bartamaha magaalada [[Pietermaritzburg]], oo ah caasimadda gobolka. Qayb ka mid ah webiga dhexdiisa magaalada ayaa lagu xirey [[weir|biyo-xireenno]], waxaana loo isticmaalaa ku-dhaqanka [[canoe|doonyaha]] iyo [[Sport rowing|ruxista]]. Qaybtan, oo loo yaqaan Camp's Drift, ayaa sidoo kale loo soo jeediyay horumarin suurtagal ah oo ah goob ciyaaraha iyo xafiisyada ah, oo ay ku jirto koorsada slalom ee doonyaha oo ah heerka olombikada.<ref>Zondi, M. (2004), [http://www.dailynews.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=499&fArticleId=2332890 Pietermaritzburg to get R1 billion waterfront], ''Daily News'' (South Africa), retrieved 24 June 2006</ref> Degmada [[Msunduzi Municipality]], oo ay Pietermaritzburg ka tirsan tahay, ayaa magaceeda ka qaadatay webiga. == Tartanka Dusi Canoe Marathon == Tartanka [[Dusi Canoe Marathon]] waa tartan sannadle ah oo [[canoe|doonyaha]] ah laga bilaabo [[Pietermaritzburg]] ilaa [[Durban]], kaas oo ka bilaabma Msunduzi, kuna dhammaada [[Mngeni River|Webiga Mngeni]]. Tartanku wuxuu soo jiitaa ilaa 2000 oo xamaali ah, wuxuuna helaa warbaahinta qaran ee [[Mass media|warbaahinta]] Koonfur Afrika. Tartanku wuxuu bilaabmay 1951-dii.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_south-african-panorama_1975-04_20_4 |last=de Villiers|first=Hugo|date=April 1975|title=Duzi Marathon |journal=Panorama |volume=20|issue=4 |publisher=Information Service of South Africa |others=Internet Archive |language=English}}</ref>{{rp|1}} == Dhibaatooyinka tayada biyaha == Gobolka Pietermaritzburg, webigu mararka qaarkood wuxuu ka kooban yahay tirakoobka bakteeriyada ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'' oo gaaraya ilaa 50 000 halkii 100 ml. Tani waxay keentaa dhacdooyin aad u sarreeya (64% ka mid ah dadka la wareystay ee hal sahmin) oo ah dhibaatooyin caafimaad oo ku yimaada dadka doonyaha raaca ee isticmaala webiga. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah [[diarrhea|shuban]] (oo si caadi ah loogu yaqaan "Dusi guts"), iyo waliba infekshannada indhaha iyo dhegaha, iyo [[Sepsis|nabarrada septic-ga]]. Tayada liidata ee biyaha ayaa loo malaynayaa inay sababtay [[combined sewer|kanaallada wasakhda]] ee u dhow webiga oo fataha markii roobabku ay culus yihiin, iyo qashin-qubka sharci-darrada ah.<ref>DUCT staff (2006), [http://www.dusi.org.za/viewarticle.php?p_id=347 DUCT NEWS (April 2006)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dusi.org.za/viewarticle.php?p_id=347 |date=20060601053055 }}, retrieved 24 June 2006</ref> Khatarahan caafimaad waxay khatar gelinayaan tartanka doonyaha ee sannadlaha ah.<ref>Robinson, K. (2001), [http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=ct20011228203810450D214958 'Dusi Guts' threatens annual canoe race], ''IOL'', retrieved 24 June 2006</ref> Sida dhabta ah, tayada biyaha ee webiga Msunduzi waa mid aan la rabin waxayna u keeni kartaa khatar caafimaad oo halis ah dadka ku dhiirrada biyaha. Hay'ad aan dawli ahayn (NGO), oo loo yaqaan Duzi-Umgeni Conservation Trust (DUCT), ayaa loo aasaasay inay isku dubbarido mashaariicda loogu talagalay in lagu hagaajiyo tayada biyaha, iyo ilaalinta gobollada ku dhow webiga. (DUCT waxay masuul ka ahaayeen tirooyinka kor ku xusan). Ka dib markii DUCT ay lobi-gareeyeen, Degmada Msunduzi ayaa bilowday barnaamij qiimihiisu yahay 10 milyan oo rand (lacagta SA) si loo dayactiro loona hagaajiyo nidaamka bulaacada 2016. DUCT ayaa sidoo kale tijaabinaya shabaqyada qashinka si ay u noqdaan hab lagu qabto loona saaro qashinka la tuuray si sharci-darro ah. == Tixraac == <references/> == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://www.dusi.co.za Website-ka rasmiga ah ee Dusi Canoe Marathon] *[https://www.duct.org.za/ Website-ka DUCT, the Duzi-Umgeni Conservation Trust, hay'ad aan dawli ahayn oo loo aasaasay inay ilaaliso webiga iyo deegaannadiisa] *[https://www.myriver.co.za Website ka kooban khariidado faahfaahsan, fiidiyowyo iyo sawirro ama webiga si loo caawiyo kuwa doonyaha raaca] qnh0kid5wvoqoup57heb61hswy7dgbq 0 48551 301403 300730 2026-07-10T12:00:57Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Mhlathuze | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Mhlathuze <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Babanango]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|1519|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Maputo River|Webiga Maputo]] | mouth_location = [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]], [[KwaZulu-Natal]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|28|48|S|32|3|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|4209|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} __NOTOC__ '''Webiga Mhlathuze''' ({{langx|af|Mhlathuzerivier}}) waa webi ku yaal [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Wuxuu ku yaal [[KwaZulu-Natal]], aagga uu biyaha ka ururiyo wuxuu leeyahay dusha sare oo ah 4,209&nbsp;km². Wuxuu ka unkamaa galbeedka buuraha [[Babanango]] joog ah 1,519 m wuxuuna u qulqulaa in ka badan 100&nbsp;km bari ilaa badda isagoo samaynaya [[estuary|af-webi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Af-webiga Mhlathuze, KwaZulu-Natal, Koonfur Afrika |url=http://nest.su.se/mnode/africa/S_Africa/Mhlathuze/mhlathuze__river_estuary_budgets.htm |access-date=2026-07-03 |archive-date=2012-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708224502/http://nest.su.se/mnode/Africa/S_Africa/Mhlathuze/mhlathuze__river_estuary_budgets.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dekedda biyaha qoto dheer ee [[Richards Bay]] waxay ku taal afka Webiga Mhlathuze iyo dhammaan horumarinta warshadaha waxay diiradda saaraan gudaha dhismaha Empangeni / Richards Bay. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://uzspace.uzulu.ac.za/handle/10530/54 Qiimaynta mikrobiyoloji ee Webiga Mhlathuze ee KwaZulu-Natal] {{Wayback|url=http://uzspace.uzulu.ac.za/handle/10530/54 |date=20160303230048 }} *[http://www.mhlathuze.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5:mhlathuze-weir&catid=11:operations&Itemid=6 Mhlathuze Weir]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Authority control}} 70lxy8x1dwa66sums52bebcmwonhl7i 0 48563 301438 300895 2026-07-10T12:20:53Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Touws | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Touwsrivier | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Western Cape]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalada | subdivision_name5 = [[Touws River (town)|Touws River]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->| length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Matroosberg]] | source1_location = [[Hex River Mountains|Buuraha Hex River]] | source1_coordinates = {{coord|33|21|S|19|38|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1300|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Groot River (Southern Cape)|Webiga Groot]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|33|44|12|S|21|10|55|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|239|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-length_km = 100 | mapframe-stroke-color = #4271ae }} '''Webiga Touws''' ({{langx|af|Touwsrivier}}) waa webi ku yaal gobolka [[Western Cape]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Waa laan ka mid ah [[Groot River (Southern Cape)|Webiga Groot]], qayb ka mid ah barkadda [[Gourits River|Webiga Gourits]]. ==Magaca== Magaca "Touws" wuxuu ka soo jeedaa eray [[Khoekhoe language|Khoi]] ah oo loola jeedo dambas, kaas oo sidoo kale loo adeegsan jiray "geedaha dambaska" ee deegaanka (''[[Salsola aphylla]]''). Ma cadda in magacu asal ahaan loola jeeday geedaha, ama midabka webiga (taariikh ahaan, webiga Touws waxaa mararka qaarkood loo yiqiin "webiga dambaska"). Waxa kale oo uu magacaas siiyay magaalada [[Touws River (town)|Touws River]], taas oo ku taal qaybaha sare ee webigan.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050321224648/http://www.tanap.net/content/activities/documents/resolutions_Cape_of_Good_Hope/introduction_english/38.htm Etymology of Touws river]</ref> ==Koorsada== Isha webigu waxay ku taal [[Matroosberg]], [[Hex River Mountains|Buuraha Hex River]], agagaarka magaalada [[De Doorns]]. Qaybta sare ee koorsadiisa waxaa loo yaqaanaa Smalblaar iyo {{Not a typo|Donkies}}. Wuxuu u qulqulaa dhanka koonfur-bari, isagoo maraya magaalada [[Touws River (town)|Touws River]], wuxuuna ku biiraa bangiga midig ee Webiga Groot ka dib markii uu si kooban u soo jeedsado dhinaca koonfureed.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA16Gouritz.jpg Gouritz WMA 16]</ref> Laamihiisa waxaa ka mid ah Brand, Kalee, Brak, Slang iyo Kruis; dhammaantood waa webiyo yaryar. Touws waa qayb ka mid ah [[Gouritz Water Management Area|Aagga Maamulka Biyaha ee Gouritz]] waxayna ku dhex jirtaa nidaamka dheecaanka J. ==Biyo-xireennada== *[[Verkeerdevlei Dam|Biyo-xireenka Verkeerdevlei]] (awoodda {{convert|5500000|m3}}) == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.zandvleitrust.org.za/art-bloutoring%20farm%20nov%202008.html Bloutoring Farm, Touws River / aagga Montagu]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Authority control}} dngc8n0wfg6vs0v6ek19086rdhzkod9 0 48576 301404 300952 2026-07-10T12:01:10Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Mokolo | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = Waxay ka dhigan tahay "qoto dheer oo aamusan" ama "qulqul weyn" oo ku jirta [[Tswana language|luuqadda Tswana]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Magacyada Asalka ah ee Transvaal |url=http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |access-date=2026-07-06 |archive-date=2008-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031094929/http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka Webiga Mokolo <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Limpopo Province|Limpopo]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Waterberg Massif]] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | source_confluence = Isdhexgalka [[Sand River (Mokolo)|Webiga Sand]] iyo [[Grootspruit River|Webiga Grootspruit]] | source_confluence_location = U dhow [[Alma, Limpopo|Alma]] | source_confluence_coordinates= {{coord|24|27|56|S|28|3|47|E|display=inline}} | source_confluence_elevation = {{convert|1202|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]], xadka Koonfur Afrika/[[Botswana]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|23|13|55|S|27|43|10|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|799|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|8387|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = [http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Webiyada iyo durdurrada waaweyn ee ku yaal Barkadda Webiga Limpopo] }} [[File:Almasign.JPG|thumb|right|Calaamadda waddada oo ka baxsan Laerskool Alma, oo u dhow isdhexgalka calaamadeeya bilowga Webiga Mokolo]] '''Webiga Mokolo''' waa biyo-mareen weyn oo ku yaal [[Limpopo Province|Gobolka Limpopo]] ee [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Webigan wuxuu ururiyaa inta badan biyo-mareenka [[Waterberg Massif]] wuxuuna ku shubaa [[Limpopo River|Webiga Limpopo]]. Aagga biyo-qabashada ee webigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay {{convert|8,387|km2|sqmi}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eskom.co.za/content/AppKDWAFBriefingFinal.pdf |title=Xogta Webiga Mokolo |access-date=2007-01-24 }}</ref> == Koorsada == Webiga Mokolo iyo laamihiisa sare waxay ka kacaan qaybta koonfur-galbeed ee Waterberg, inta u dhexeysa 1200 iyo 1600 mitir ka sarreeya heerka badda. Mokolo lafteedu waxay ka soo jeedaa qiyaastii 1.5&nbsp;km waqooyiga [[Alma, Limpopo|Alma]] isdhexgalka [[Sand River (Mokolo)|Webiga Sand]] iyo [[Grootspruit River|Webiga Grootspruit]] ee aag fidsan, oo furan oo leh [[koppie|buuro]] badan. Wax yar ka dib waxay u qulqushaa waqooyiga iyada oo dhex marta marin cidhiidhi ah oo ka soo baxaysa kor ku xusan magaalada [[Vaalwater]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA1Limpopo.jpg Limpopo WMA 1]</ref> Markay u socoto waqooyiga waxay dhex martaa waqooyiga Waterberg, oo ah qaab-dhismeed dhagax ballaaran oo ay qaabeeyeen boqollaal milyan oo sano oo nabaad-guurka webiga ah si ay u soo saaraan dhulal kala duwan iyo [[butte|buuro]].<ref name="Hogan">[http://www.luminatechnologies.org/lumaw.html C.Michael Hogan, Mark L. Cooke iyo Helen Murray, ''The Waterberg Biosphere'', Lumina Technologies, May 22, 2006.]</ref> Kadib webigu wuxuu u qulqulaa aagga isbarbar-dhigga ah ee [[lowveld]] ilaa uu ka galo [[Mokolo Dam|Biyo-xireenka Mokolo]]. Halkaas, waxay u qulqushaa marin kale ka hor intaysan gelin Bannaanka Limpopo, u dhow isgoyska [[Rietspruit|Rietspruit]]. Laga bilaabo bartaas, Webiga Mokolo wuxuu u qulqulaa aagag ciid ah oo fidsan ilaa uu ka gaaro bangiga bari ee Limpopo. === Laamaha iyo biyo-xireennada === Laamaha ugu muhiimsan ee Mokolo waa: Webiga Sand (qaybta ugu sareysa ee loo yaqaan 'Little Nyl'), Webiga Klein Sand, Sandspruit, Sondagsloop, Loubadspruit, Grootspruit, Sterkstroom, Brakspruit, Malmanies, Bulspruit, Rietspruit, Sandloop, Poer se Loop iyo [[Tambotie River|Webiga Tambotie]]. [[Mokolo Dam|Biyo-xireenka Mokolo]] waa biyo-xireenka kaliya ee weyn ee nidaamka ku yaal.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/limpopo/mokolo_06.pdf Warbixinta Xaaladda Webiyada: Webiga Mokolo]</ref> == Deegaanka == Qiyaastii 87 boqolkiiba isticmaalka biyaha webiga waa [[agriculture|beeraha]]. Dib-u-soo-celinta qaar ka mid ah [[wetland|qoyan]] ee Mokolo sare ayaa la fuliyay dadaalkaasna waxaa loo tixgeliyey guul.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.psybergate.com/wetfix/Progress/Progress5/Progress.htm |title=Mashaariicda dib-u-soo-celinta qoyan ee Barkadda Limpopo iyo biyaha kale ee Koonfur Afrika |access-date=2007-01-24 |archive-date=2007-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822004545/http://www.psybergate.com/wetfix/Progress/Progress5/Progress.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Mokolo Dam Nature Reserve|Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Biyo-xireenka Mokolo]] wuxuu ku yaal dhinaca bari iyo koonfurta ee kaydka Biyo-xireenka Mokolo.<ref>[http://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/np_mokololo-dam.htm Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Biyo-xireenka Mokolo, Limpopo]</ref> Feejignaanta ugu sarreysa ee [[hippopotamus|hippo-ga]] ee Webiga Limpopo waxaa laga helaa inta u dhexeysa afafka Webiyada Mokolo iyo [[Mogalakwena River|Webiga Mogalakwena]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/np_mokololo-dam.htm Kaydka Dabiiciga ah ee Biyo-xireenka Mokolo, Limpopo] *[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/xtra/Water_Quality_Situation_Assessments.pdf Qiimaynta Xaaladda Tayada Khayraadka Biyaha] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/xtra/Water_Quality_Situation_Assessments.pdf |date=20170630201354 }} daq0iewhem60zdyfn95usxu99fcj3l4 0 48582 301432 300916 2026-07-10T12:12:27Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301432 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Sonderend''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Riviersonderend''' (luuqadda [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] u dhiganta ''[[River|Webi]] aan dhammaad lahayn''), waa [[tributary|laan]] weyn oo ka mid ah [[Breede River|Webiga Breede]], oo ku yaal [[Western Cape]] [[Provinces of South Africa|Gobolka]], [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]]. Tuulada [[Riviersonderend]] ayaa la rumeysan yahay in magaceeda laga soo qaatay webiga. {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Sonderend | pushpin_map = South Africa | image = The Sonderend River in flood.jpg | source1_location = U dhow [[Villiersdorp]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|34|4|14|S|20|17|7|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_location = U dhexeeya [[Stormsvlei]] iyo [[Swellendam]] | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Western Cape]] | mouth_elevation = {{convert|84|m|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|115|km|mi|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Breede River|Webiga Breede]] | etymology = [[Afrikaans]]/[[Dutch language|Dutch]]<nowiki> oo u dhiganta "Webi aan dhammaad lahayn"</nowiki> | image_caption = Webiga oo fataahad ah }} == Magacaabista == Sanadkii 1673, Willem ten Rhyne wuxuu webiga ugu yeeray "sine fine flumen" ([[Latin|Laatiin]] u dhiganta "webi aan dhammaad lahayn"). Sanadkii 1707, Jan Hatogh, oo ahaa khabiir ku takhasusay beeraha [[Dutch East India Company]], wuxuu webiga ugu yeeray "Kantdydnn", taas oo u badan inay ka timid Hessequa "Kamma-kan Kamma", oo qiyaastii la macno ah "biyo, biyo aan dhammaad lahayn" ama "webi aan dhammaad lahayn". Hessequa waxay ahaayeen qabiil maxalli ah oo ka mid ah xoola-dhaqatada Khoi-khoi.<ref name="r">{{cite web | url=http://www.riviersonderend.co.za/ | title=Ku soo dhawoow Riviersonderend !!! | publisher=riviersonderend.co.za | accessdate=30 December 2015 | archive-date=8 Bisha Todobaad 2026 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260708155800/http://www.riviersonderend.co.za/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tanap.net/content/activities/documents/resolutions_Cape_of_Good_Hope/introduction_english/38.htm|title = Hordhac (Ingiriisi) ku saabsan Qaraarada Cape of Good Hope / Magacyada goobaha ee asalkoodu yahay Khoi}}</ref> == Biyo-xireennada ku yaal Webiga == * [[Theewaterskloof Dam|Biyo-xireenka Theewaterskloof]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rivers of the Western Cape]] 3m2e3ufgqdzemt848w2lymgu4x0518l 0 48608 301449 301004 2026-07-10T12:30:12Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Zamfara | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = Sokotorivermap.png | image_size = | image_caption = Dooxada Webiga Sokoto, Webiga Zamfara oo dhanka koonfureed ah | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = Nigeriamap.png | map_size = | map_caption = Webiyada waaweyn ee Nigeria | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Nigeria | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka ka galo | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Zamfara]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{cvt|250|km}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Sokoto River|Webiga Sokoto]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|11.9960|4.0904|format=dms|type:river_region:NG|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Sokoto River|Webiga Sokoto]] | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Zamfara State Nigeria.png|thumb|Gobolka Zamfara, oo uu ka soo bilowdo Webiga Zamfara.]] [[File:Nigeriamap.png|thumb|Khariidadda muujinaysa webiyada waaweyn ee Nigeria.]] '''Webiga Zamfara''' waa [[webi]] ku yaal qaybta waqooyi ee [[Nigeria]]. Wuxuu ka soo bilowdaa [[Zamfara State|Gobolka Zamfara]], wuxuuna u qulqulaa {{convert|250|km|mi}} dhanka galbeed ilaa [[Kebbi State|Gobolka Kebbi]] halkaas oo uu kaga biiro [[Sokoto River|Webiga Sokoto]] qiyaastii {{convert|50|km|mi}} koonfur-galbeed ee [[Birnin Kebbi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fig 12. Pathway of nutrient flow and cycling in the along the section... |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Pathway-of-nutrient-flow-and-cycling-in-the-along-the-section-of-River-Zamfara-a-vital_fig4_345259475 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705094555/https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Pathway-of-nutrient-flow-and-cycling-in-the-along-the-section-of-River-Zamfara-a-vital_fig4_345259475 |archive-date=2023-07-05 |access-date=2026-06-25 |website=ResearchGate |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Meesha ugu sarreysa ee Webiga [[Zamfara]] uu dhex maro waa dhul jooggiisu yahay {{convert|188|m|ft}} ka sarreeya heerka badda. Webiga Zamfara wuxuu leeyahay magacyo kala duwan oo lala xiriiriyo gobollada kala duwan ee uu dhex maro. Qaar ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan waxaa ka mid ah Gulbi Gindi, Gulbi Zamfara, Webiga Zamfara, iyo Webiga Gindi.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ng.geoview.info/river_zamfara,2317855 | title=River Zamfara stream, Kebbi, Nigeria }}</ref> == Weerarka argagixisada == 6-dii Oktoobar 2022, waxaa la xaqiijiyay in dad tuulooyin deggan oo ku teedsan webiga ay ku qarqoomeen iyagoo isku dayaya inay ka baxsadaan weerar argagixiso.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramalan |first=Ibrahim |date=2022-10-06 |title=26 villagers drown in Zamfara river while fleeing from terrorist attack |url=https://dailynigerian.com/villagers-drown-zamfara-river/ |access-date=2023-07-05 |newspaper=[[Daily Nigerian]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> === Qaababka haydarooliga iyo noocyada kala duwan ee daadadka dusha sare ee durdurka Hadejia === [[Drainage basin|Dooxada webiga]] ayaa la qiimeeyay <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328840837 |issue= |pages= 335–348|doi=10.1016/j.ejrh.2018.10.008|title= Runoff irregularities, trends, and variations in tropical semi-arid river catchment|date= 2018|last1= Umar|first1= Da'u Abba|last2= Ramli|first2= Mohammad Firuz|last3= Aris|first3= Ahmad Zaharin|last4= Jamil|first4= Nor Rohaizah|last5= Abdulkareem|first5= Jabir Haruna|journal= Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies|volume= 19|bibcode= 2018JHyRS..19..335U|doi-access= free}}</ref> iyadoo la adeegsanayo macluumaad socday muddo 36 sano ah, (1980-2015), si loogu diyaargaroobo habsami leh iyo maamulka hantida biyaha ee dooxada. Aqoon cusub oo haydarooliga ah oo ku saabsan degmada: Waxaa la kala saaray cilladaha xilliga iyo goobta ee ku saabsan daadadka dooxada durdurka Hadejia. Waxaa la ogaaday inuu jiro hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid qulqulka webiga, oo laga dareemay laba ka mid ah saddexda saldhig ee hoose. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira qaab kor u kacaya oo ku saabsan qulqulka webiga oo ka imanaya dhammaan saddexda saldhig ee sare, inkastoo aysan muhiim ahayn marka loo eego tirakoobka. Natiijooyinka ANOVA [F (5,210) = 106.226, P < 0.05] iyo natiijooyinka baaritaanka kooxda ayaa muujiyay kala duwanaansho weyn oo goobta ah oo u dhexeeya saldhigyada sare iyo kuwa hoose. Qaabka kor u kacaya ee qulqulka saldhigyada sare waxaa sabab u ah [[Precipitation|celceliska roobabka]] badan iyo [[urbanization|magaalayn]] ballaaran oo ka dhacday halkaas. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaabka hoos u dhaca weyn ee qulqulka hoose ee dooxada webiga ayaa la xiriira doorsoomayaal badan, gaar ahaan; heerka uumi-baxa oo sarreeya sababtoo ah heerkulka sare, celceliska roobabka oo hooseeya iyo heerka dhex-galka biyaha oo sarreeya kaas oo ay suurtogelisay heerka sare ee ciidda iyo [[Sedimentary rock|dhagaxa dhismaha ee sedimentary]]. Biyo-siinta iyo waraabinta, gaar ahaan aagagga hoose, ayaa halis ugu jira sababtoo ah qaababkan iyo kala duwanaanshahooda. Natiijo ahaan, daraasad dooxeed isku dhafan oo adeegsanaysa [[Hydrological model|qaabaynta haydarooliga]] ayaa waxtar u yeelan doonta go'aaminta saameynta kala duwan ee arrimaha wax ku darsanaya iyo saadaalinta sida webigu u dhaqmi doono iyadoo laga jawaabayo saameyntaas.<ref name=":0" /> == Wasakhowga == Waqooyiga Nigeria ee Gobolka Zamfara, sababtoo ah dillaaca laba tuulo, koox ayaa u safray oo bilowday baaritaanka si loo ogaado sababta dillaaca. Dadka deggan tuulo kasta ayaa soo sheegay in mid ka mid ah afartii carruur ah ee ku noolaa bulshadooda ay dhinteen sannadkii hore. Ceelasha bulshada ayaa lahaa heerar sare oo [[lead|lead]] ah taas oo iyaduna keentay in carruurta labada tuulo ay ku yeeshaan dhiiggooda heer sare oo lead ah.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-28 |title=Lead Poisoning Investigation in Northern Nigeria {{!}} One Health {{!}} CDC |url=https://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/in-action/lead-poisoning.html |access-date=2023-09-26 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Commons}} gm3wsiw300q8jyubbadgdep74gyufnu 0 48613 301417 301013 2026-07-10T12:08:21Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Webiga Oji |native_name = chioma aneke |other_name = Oji Urban |settlement_type = [[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|LGA]] iyo magaalooyin |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = 3ft |image_seal = |seal_size = | motto = {{force singular}} Midnimo iyo Horumar |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Nigeria |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mapsize = 250 |pushpin_map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Nigeria |coordinates = {{coord|6|16|N|7|16|E|type:adm2nd_region:NG|display=inline,title}} | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 8 | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-marker = village |subdivision_type = Dalka |subdivision_name = {{flag|Nigeria}} |subdivision_type1 = [[States of Nigeria|Gobol]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name1 = [[Enugu State|Gobolka Enugu]] |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_name3 = |established_title = |established_date = <!-- Area ---------------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = Guddoomiyaha Dawladda Hoose |leader_name1 = Hon. Greg Chijioke Anyaegbudike([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]]) |unit_pref = Metric |area_footnotes = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 403 |area_land_km2 = <!-- Population -----------------------> |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |population_total = 126,587 |population_as_of = 2006 tirakoobka |population_footnotes = |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = Qowmiyadaha |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |population_blank2_title = Diimaha |population_note = |postal_code_type = 3-god ee koodhka boostada |postal_code = 401 |area_code = |iso_code = NG.EN.OR |website = |footnotes = |population_blank1 = |population_blank2 = | |timezone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |blank_name_sec1 = Afka qaran |blank_info_sec1 = [[Igbo language|Igbo]] }} '''Webiga Oji''' waa [[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|Degmo Dawladeed]] (LGA) ka tirsan [[Enugu State|Gobolka Enugu]], [[Nigeria]]. Waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Awka North]] LGA oo ku taal [[Anambra State|Gobolka Anambra]], [[Umunneochi]] LGA oo ku taal [[Abia State|Gobolka Abia]], iyo degmooyinka [[Awgu]], [[Udi]], iyo [[Ezeagu]] oo ku yaal [[Enugu State|Gobolka Enugu]]. Xarunteeda waxaa weeye Degmada Magaalada Webiga Oji . Magaalooyinka ku dhex yaal Webiga Oji LGA waxaa ka mid ah [[Inyi, Nigeria|Inyi]], [[Achi, Enugu|Achi]], Awlaw, [[Akpugo]]eze, iyo [[Ugwuoba]]. Fiiro gaar ah: Oji River Urban waa degmo ka kooban 4 xaafadood. Oji River LGA waxay leedahay baaxad dhan 403&nbsp;km² iyo dad tiradoodu ahayd 126,587 tirakoobkii 2006. [[Postal code|Koodhka boostada]] ee aaggu waa 401.<ref>{{cite web |title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |access-date=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126042849/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/postcode.aspx }}</ref> '''Xarunta Korontada ee Webiga Oji''' oo ku taal Webiga Oji, Gobolka Enugu, Nigeria, waa mid ka mid ah xarumaha korontada ee yar yar ee la dhisay koonfur-bari Nigeria ka hor xornimadii 1960-kii, iyo ka hor inta aan la hawlgelin Xarunta Wayn ee Korontada [[Hydroelectricity|Biyo-xireenka]] ee [[Kainji Dam]] iyo [[Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station|Jebba Dam]]. Markii hore waxaa loo dhisay in ay soo saarto awood dhan 10 MW oo koronto ah, iyadoo la adeegsanayo webiga goobta ku yaal iyo dhuxul laga keenay [[Coal|macdanta dhuxusha]] ee Enugu oo 50&nbsp;km u jirta, iyadoo loo soo rarayay baaldiyo fiilooyinka dushooda mara. Ka dib dagaalkii sokeeye ee Nigeria iyo Biafra, xarunta korontada ayaa kor loo qaaday ilaa 30MW, taas oo koronto siisa aagga, iyo qaybo ka mid ah [[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] iyo meelaha Achi. 28 Janaayo 1956: [[Queen Elizabeth II]], oo ku jirtay booqasho saddex toddobaad ah oo ay ku tagtay Nigeria, ayaa intii ay booqashada ku jirtay booqatay xarunta bukaanka qaaxada (leprosy) iyo xarunta korontada ee cusub ee la dhisay, ee webiga Oji ee Bariga Nigeria. Xaruntu waxaa la sheegay in ay korontadii ugu dambaysay dhalisay 2004. Dawladda Nigeria ayaa ka doodday qorshayaal ku saabsan dib-u-hawlgelinta xarunta, iyadoo la tixgelinayo in heerka biyaha uu si aad ah hoos ugu dhacay oo aanu hadda awood u lahayn inuu shido turbinadaha si uu u dhaliyo koronto, iyo sidoo kale xiritaanka macdanaha dhuxusha ee magaalada Enugu. Magaalada Webiga Oji waxay hoy u tahay mid ka mid ah xarumaha ugu waaweyn uguna faca weyn ee dhaqancelinta [[leprosy|bukaanada qaaxada]] (leprosy) ee koonfur-bari, iyadoo ku dhow gobolka Anambra. Waxaa markii hore aasaasay kaniisadaha gumeystaha Ingiriiska ee 1930-meeyadii Nigeria. Sannadkii 1944, Guddoomiyihii xilligaas ee Nigeria Sir [[Arthur Richards, 1st Baron Milverton|Arthur Richards]] ayaa si rasmi ah u booqday Xarunta Bukaanka Qaaxada ee Uzuakoli. Booqashadaas ka dib, dawladda Nigeria ayaa xiiso firfircoon u yeelatay hawlaha gumeysiga ee lagu ciribtirayo qaaxada Nigeria iyadoo gacan ka gaysanaysa Xarunta Bukaanka Qaaxada ee Webiga Oji oo ay aasaastay oo ay leedahay Ururka Kaniisadaha Gumeysiga (CMS - laan ka mid ah Anglican communion). Waxa kale oo ay dhistay Xarun Xakameynta Qaaxada oo ku taal Webiga Oji. Dadka badankood ee ka soo jeeda Webiga Oji waa Masiixiyiin, kuwaas oo intooda badan ay yihiin Catholic ama Anglican halka inta soo hartay ay ku dhaqmaan aaminsanaanta maxalliga ah. Magaalada Webiga Oji waxay martigelisaa mid ka mid ah afar goobood oo kaliya oo heer qaran ah, oo loogu talagalay qorista iyo tababarka saraakiisha booliiska ee Kulliyadda Booliiska ee Webiga Oji, taas oo sidoo kale bixisa tababar shaqaalaha kale ee amniga, sida saraakiisha socdaalka ee hubaysan. [[Nigeria Police Force|Ciidanka Booliiska Nigeria]] (NPF) ayaa waxaa u qoondeeyay Qaybta 194 ee dastuurka 1979 inuu yahay booliiska qaranka ee Nigeria oo leh awood gaar ah oo dalka oo dhan ah. == Sawirro == <gallery> File:Make-Up Artist Preparing an Atilogu Dancer - Igbo Tribe - Oji River - Enugu State - Nigeria.jpg| Farsamoyaqaan isqurxin oo diyaarinaya qoob-ka-ciyaarka Atilogu - Qabiilka Igbo - Webiga Oji - Gobolka Enugu - Nigeria. File:Oji Alum Rapids 2.jpg|Rivulet ee webiga Oji oo dhex mara bulshada Inyi, oo loo aqoonsaday inay tahay xawaare heerka koowaad ah oo leh geedo daboolan. File:Oji river settlement leprosy service enugu.jpg|Xarunta adeegga bukaanka qaaxada ee degmada webiga Oji File:Fedral cooperative college, oji river Enugu.jpg|Kulliyadda iskaashatada federaalka, Webiga Oji Enugu </gallery> == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Chidozie Awaziem]]- Super Eagles iyo ciyaaryahankii hore ee FC Porto. * Engineer [[Osita Charles Ezedozie]]- Agaasimihii hore ee ferma iyo wasaaradda shaqada ee Nigeria. * [[Kgb Oguakwa]]- Siyaasi u dhashay Nigeria, xubin hore oo ka tirsan golaha wakiilada. * [[Kamtochukwu Igweobi]]- farmashiiste u dhashay Nigeria, aasaasaha orange drugs. * [[Allison Madueke]]- Guddoomiyihii hore ee millatariga ee Lagos iyo gobolada IMO. * Marxuum [[Silas Ilo]]- Wasiirkii hore ee caafimaadka ee gobolka. *{{C|Goobaha dadku ku nool yihiin ee Gobolka Enugu}} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Enugu State}} bkvydl4a9z98p7ngu957mzqm624s45z 0 48619 301413 301065 2026-07-10T12:05:31Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Oba | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = File:Course of the Oba River.svg | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = Socodka Webiga Oba | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|8.314248|4.220588}} | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7.473872|4.145651|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Nayjeeriya]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Osun State|Gobolka Osun]] | etymology = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = [[Osun River|Webiga Osun]] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = }} '''Webiga Oba''' ([[Yoruba language|Af-Yoruba]]: '''Odo Ọba''') waa webi ku yaal gobollada [[Oyo State|Oyo]] iyo [[Osun State|Osun]] ee dalka Nigeria. Waa gacan-biyoodka ugu weyn ee [[Osun River|Webiga Osun]]. Muuqaalka dhulku wuxuu ka duwan yahay savanna alwaax leh oo ku taal waqooyiga ilaa kaynta roobka ee koonfurta. Inta badan dadka ku nool jiinkiisa waxay ku dhaqmaan beerashada iyo kalluumeysiga. == Magaca == Webiga Ọba waxaa loogu magac daray ilaahadda [[Oba (goddess)|Ọba]], oo ahayd mid ka mid ah xaasaskii [[Shango]], ilaaha [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]] ee onkodka. Xaasaskiisa kale waxay ahaayeen [[Ọshun]] iyo [[Ọya]].{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} Sida ay qabaan khuraafaadka, Ọshun waxay khiyaantay Ọba iyadoo u sheegtay inay dhegteeda goyso oo ay ku dartay cuntadii Shango, iyadoo leh way ka farxin doontaa. Markii Shango ogaaday waxa Ọba samaysay isagoo careysan ayuu qayliyey, Osun iyo Oba ayaana cararay iyagoo argagaxsan, waxayna isu beddeleen laba webi. Taasi waa sababta ay meesha ay ku kulmaan webiyada Osun iyo Oba ay u socdaan si xawli ah.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} == Socodka == Webiga Oba waa gacan-biyoodka ugu weyn ee Webiga Osun. Wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa qiyaastii {{convert|15|km|mi|0}} waqooyiga [[Ogbomosho]] ee Gobolka Oyo.{{sfn|Adeboye|Alatise|2008|p=76}} Webigu wuxuu maraa Ogbomosho, halkaas oo lagu xiray.{{sfn|Adegbite|2014}} Biyo-xireenka Ogbomoso ee Webiga Oba waxaa la dhammeeyay 1964, wuxuu daboolayaa aag dhan {{convert|137.6|ha}} wuxuuna leeyahay awood kaydin dhan {{convert|3520|Ml}}.{{sfn|Akintola|Gbadegesin|1997|p=315}} Biyo-xireenka waxaa quudiya durdurrada Idekun, Eeguno, Akanbi Kemolowo, Omoogun, iyo Yàkù, wuxuuna leeyahay aag qabasho dhan {{convert|321|km2}}.{{cn|date=March 2024|reason=Source removed in 2019 as unreliable.}} Oba waxay sii socotaa koonfurta biyo-xireenka ilaa ay ka biirto Webiga Oshun meel ka sarreeya deegaanka Odo Oba. Deegaannada ku teedsan socodkeeda laga bilaabo waqooyi ilaa koonfur waxaa ka mid ah Apo, Iluju, Obada, Mosunmade, Otuokun, Bale, Olori, iyo Olumoye. Webigu wuxuu helaa gacan-biyood bidix ah oo hoos u mara Obada iyo gacan-biyood kale oo bidix ah oo koonfurta ka xigta Olori. Gacan-biyoodka labaad wuxuu maraa Ife Odan.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=357}} Webiga Ọba wuxuu ku biiraa Webiga Ọ̀ṣun oo leh taxane biyo-dhacyo ah.{{sfn|Hill|2007|p=51}} Labada webi waxay ku kulmaan dhammaadka waqooyi ee [[Asejire Reservoir|Keydka Asejire]].{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=357}} == Deegaanka == Cimilada qaybta sare ee webiga ee u dhow Ogbomoso waxay leedahay heerkul sarreeya, iyadoo roobab dhexdhexaad ah ilaa culus ay da'aan Maarso–Luulyo. Celceliska roobabka sanadlaha ah waa {{convert|1247|mm}}. Dhirta waa savanna laga soo dheegtay, oo u dhaxaysa aagga savanna ee waqooyiga iyo kaymaha roobka ee gobolka Ibadan.{{sfn|Adabanija|Sunmonu|2010|p=51}} Daraasad la daabacay 2014 ayaa lagu ogaaday in kalluunka ku jira Keydka Ogbomoso ay qaadeen dulin keeni kara khatar ku ah macaamiisha aadanaha.{{cn|date=March 2024|reason=Source removed in 2019 as unreliable.}} Webiga Oba waa mid aad u wasakhaysan, oo ku yaal fasalka V ee miisaanka Prati. Waxaa biyaha ku yar ama aan ku jirin ogsajiin milan.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=361}} Isha wasakhdu waxaa ka mid ah bullaacadaha iyo qashinka guriga iyo suuqa, waxaana ka mid ah waxyaabo badan oo aan isla markiiba la dumin karin.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=360}} == Dhaqaalaha == Dadka ku teedsan dhererka oo dhan ee Webiga Oba waxay inta badan ku hawlan yihiin beerashada iyo kalluumeysiga.{{sfn|Olafisoye|2011|p=356}} Sanadkii 1977 isticmaalka dhulka ee u dhow Keydka Ogbomoso wuxuu ahaa 71.9% kayn, 4.9% beerasho, iyo 23.2% beero la nastay. Sanadkii 1992 isticmaalka dhulku wuxuu ahaa 23.5% kayn, 60.5% beerasho, iyo 16.0% beero la nastay. Dalagyada ugu waaweyn waxay ahaayeen [[maize|galley]] iyo khudaar, gaar ahaan [[okra|bamyo]]. Beeralaydu waxay si xoog leh u isticmaalayeen bacriminta nitrogenous.{{sfn|Akintola|Gbadegesin|1997|p=316}} Sanadkii 2014 shaqaalaha beeraha ee ka yimid waqooyiga Nigeria waxay bilaabeen inay ku dhaqmaan beerashada waraabka ee dooxada Webiga Oba ee Ikose, Degmada Dawladda Hoose ee Ogbomoso North, iyo Iluju, Ikoyi-Ile, Degmada Dawladda Hoose ee Orire ee Gobolka Oyo. Waxay isticmaalayeen bambooyin si ay biyo uga qaataan Webiga Oba, iyagoo mararka qaarkood dhuumaha marinaya hal kiiloomitir ama in ka badan si ay u gaarsiiyaan beerahooda.{{sfn|Adegbite|2014}} Dalagyada waxaa ka mid ah khudaar, bamyo, galley, ukun-beereed, iyo qaraha biyaha. Beeralaydu waxay ka helayeen suuq diyaar ah oo ay iibsadaan dadka ka yimid gobollada Osun, Ondo, iyo Oyo. Beerashada waraabka waa mid aan caadi ahayn gobolka maadaama roobabku ay ku filan yihiin, laakiin waxay caadi ka tahay gobollada waqooyiga ee ay ka soo jeedaan beeralaydu.{{sfn|Adegbite|2014}} == Tixraac == '''Soo Xigasho''' {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} '''Isha''' {{refbegin}} *{{cite journal|url=http://www.nipng.org/Onlineissues/vol21_2_2010/Adabanija_Sunmonu.pdf|last1=Adabanija|first1=M. A.|last2=Sunmonu|first2=L. A.|journal=Nigerian Journal of Physics|volume=21|issue=2|year=2010|title=Radiometric mapping of lower Oba river flood plain sediments, Ogbomoso South-western Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24|archive-date=26 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115742/http://www.nipng.org/Onlineissues/vol21_2_2010/Adabanija_Sunmonu.pdf|url-status=dead}} *{{cite journal |url=http://agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/01334.pdf |last1=Adeboye|first1=Omotayo B.|last2=Alatise|first2=Olarewaju M. |journal=Soil & Water Res.|volume=3 |year=2008 |issue=2 |title=Surface Water Potential of the River Osun at Apoje Sub-basin Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24}} *{{cite journal|url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/agriculture/item/4618-northern-farmers-turning-oba-river-plain-to-gold-mine/4618-northern-farmers-turning-oba-river-plain-to-gold-mine|last=Adegbite|first=Adewuyi|date=2014-05-05|title=Northern farmers turning Oba River plain to gold mine|journal=Nigerian Tribune|accessdate=2014-08-24|archive-date=2014-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826125110/http://www.tribune.com.ng/agriculture/item/4618-northern-farmers-turning-oba-river-plain-to-gold-mine/4618-northern-farmers-turning-oba-river-plain-to-gold-mine|url-status=dead}} *{{cite book|url=http://ks360352.kimsufi.com/redbooks/a243/iahs_243_0313.pdf|last1=Akintola|first1=F.O.|last2=Gbadegesin|first2=Adeniyi|title=Freshwater Contamination (Proceedings of Rabat Symposium S4, April-May 1997)|publisher=AHS Publ|year=1997|chapter=Land-use changes and water quality in impounded water-supply dams in southwest Nigeria|accessdate=2014-08-24}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite book |last=Hill|first=Donald R.|title=Caribbean Folklore: A Handbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gbowblf1QP8C&pg=PA51|accessdate=2014-08-24 |year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33605-8}} *{{cite journal |url=http://www.sibran.ru/upload/iblock/6b0/6b0c1aff1c148770d34e9760e357ff24.pdf |last=Olafisoye |first=O. B. |journal=Chemistry for Sustainable Development |volume=19 |year=2011 |title=Estimation of Organic Pollution of Odo Oba River (Osun State, Nigeria) |accessdate=2014-08-24 |archive-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809090549/http://sibran.ru/upload/iblock/6b0/6b0c1aff1c148770d34e9760e357ff24.pdf |url-status=dead }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Oba River}} ba0dte5p763nn24gg992axbepycvxtv 0 48622 301448 301025 2026-07-10T12:30:09Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Wase | native_name ={{native name|ha|Bululluga}} | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Wase River.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Wase ee [[Wase, Nigeria|Wase]], Nigeria | map = | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda Webiga Wase | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 =[[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type2 = Dawladda Hoose | subdivision_name2 = [[Wase, Nigeria|Wase]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|132|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = Gumshar oo ka tirsan [[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] | source1_location = [[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[River Benue|Webiga Benue]] | mouth_location = Dampar oo ka tirsan [[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = [[River Benue|Webiga Benue]] | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Wase''' waa webi ku yaal [[Wase, Nigeria|Wase]] [[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|LGA]], [[Plateau State|Gobolka Plateau]], [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wase River, Nigeria |url=https://ng.geoview.info/wase_river,501267984n |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=ng.geoview.info}}</ref> Wuxuu ku xiran yahay [[River Benue|Webiga Benue]] ee Dampar ee [[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi Local Government]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://earth.google.com/web/@9.21190768,9.90350961,262.72075763a,31580.80154879d,35y,0h,0t,0r/data=ChQaEgoKL20vMDI2bDRucRgBIAEoAg |work=Google Earth |title=Wase River |date=26 March 2019 |accessdate=2019-03-26}}</ref> [[Maize|Galley]], [[yam (vegetable)|yam]], [[mangoes|cambe]] iyo [[vegetable|khudaar]] kale oo beeraha ah ayaa ka baxa jiinkiisa. == Tixraac == <references /> == Xiriirinta dibadda == *Vischer, Hans. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1776516 Journeys in Northern Nigeria] *Murphy, John. [http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nationworld/bal-polio0104,1,6396183.story?page=4&cset=true&ctrack=1 Distrust of U.S. foils effort to stop crippling disease]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{coord|8|27|N|10|06|E|display=title|region:NG_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} elmlj9vowp1cvkr4w7wkc6zvjicoom9 0 48627 301420 301032 2026-07-10T12:10:00Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox river | map = Pra River.gif | map_caption = Webiga Pra iyo gacan-biyoodyada waaweyn | mapframe = yes | length_km = 240 }} '''Webiga Pra''' waa webi ku yaal [[Ghana]]. Waa webiga ugu bariga fog uguna weyn saddexda webi ee ugu waaweyn ee bullaaca aagga koonfurta ka xigta [[Lake Volta|Volta]] kala qaybsanaanta. Wuxuu ka soo bilowdaa [[Kwahu Plateau|Kwahu Plateau]] meel u dhow [[Mpraeso]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa 240 km (149.129 mi) koonfurta isagoo mara meelo hodan ku ah [[Cocoa bean|kakooga]] iyo beeraha iyo kaymo qaali ah oo ku yaal [[Akan people|Akan]] bannaanka hoose. Pra wuxuu galaa [[Gulf of Guinea|Gacanka Guinea]] bariga [[Takoradi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commonwealth.ednet.ns.ca/africa/Ghana/Landforms/landforms.html|title=Ghana – Landforms|publisher=commonwealth.ednet.ns|access-date=18 March 2009|archive-date=19 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219145019/http://commonwealth.ednet.ns.ca/africa/Ghana/Landforms/landforms.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Qarnigii 19-aad, Pra wuxuu u adeegay sidii xuduud u dhaxaysa [[Ashanti Confederacy|Ashanti Confederacy]] iyo [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]]. Pra wuxuu leeyahay cataract badan, gaar ahaan Bosomasi Rapids ee Anyinabrim, inta badanna ma ahan mid la mari karo xitaa [[canoe|doonyo]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaybta hore ee [[20th century|qarnigii labaatanaad]] Pra waxaa loo isticmaali jiray si ballaaran si loogu sabbeeyo [[Lumber|alwaax]] xeebta si loo dhoofiyo. Ganacsigan hadda waxaa loo qaadaa waddo iyo tareen. Gacan-biyoodyada waaweyn waa webiyada [[Ofin River|Ofin]], Anum iyo [[Birim River|Birim]]. Qaybta waqooyi ee Pra weli waxaa looga shaqeeyaa [[artisan|dahab]] gacmeed leh [[Mercury (element)|mirkuri]] bir ah, taasoo keentay wasakhow xoogaa ah.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18078910|title=Mercury in different environmental compartments of the Pra River Basin, Ghana|volume=368 |issue=1 |publisher=Centre national de la recherche scientifique|access-date=18 March 2009}}</ref> Dooxada webiga Birim waa isha ugu weyn ee [[Diamond|dheemanka]]. == Gacan-biyoodyada iyo Astaamaha Jirka == Gacan-biyoodyada waaweyn ee Webiga Pra waxaa ka mid ah webiyada Ofin, [[Birim River|Birim]], [[Anum]], iyo Oda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pra River-Water Resources Commission |url=https://wrc.gov.gh/ova_por/pra-basin/}}</ref> Webiga waxaa lagu gartaa xawaareyn iyo cataract, taas oo adkeynaysa socodka inta badan socodkiisa.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pra {{!}} River, Ghana, Length, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Pra-River? |access-date=2026-06-16 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Bulaacadiisu waxay ka kooban tahay muuqaalo kala duwan sida [[Forest|aagagga kaynta]], dhulalka beeraha, iyo meelo hodan ku ah macdanta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Awotwi |first1=Alfred |last2=Anornu |first2=Geophrey Kwame |last3=Quaye-Ballard |first3=Jonathan |last4=Annor |first4=Thompson |last5=Forkuo |first5=Eric Kwabena |date=December 2017 |title=Analysis of climate and anthropogenic impacts on runoff in the Lower Pra River Basin of Ghana |journal=Heliyon |volume=3 |issue=12 |article-number=e00477 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00477 |doi-access=free |issn=2405-8440 |pmc=5753612 |pmid=29322102 |bibcode=2017Heliy...300477A }}</ref> == Arrimaha Deegaanka iyo Wasakhowga == Webiga Pra waxaa si xoog leh u saameeyay hawlaha macdan qodista yar yar ee sharci darrada ah ([[galamsey]]), kuwaas oo ku dara [[Mercury (element)|mirkuri]] iyo fadhiid biyaha nidaamka.<ref name=":0" /> Daraasaduhu waxay muujinayaan in tayada biyaha qaybo badan oo ka mid ah bulaacada ay dhaaftay xadka [[World Health Organization|WHO]] ee cabbirrada sida wasakhowga [[iron|birta]] iyo [[lead|luudka]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bessah |first1=Enoch |last2=Raji |first2=Abdulganiy O. |last3=Taiwo |first3=Olalekan J. |last4=Agodzo |first4=Sampson K. |last5=Ololade |first5=Olusola O. |last6=Strapasson |first6=Alexandre |last7=Donkor |first7=Emmanuel |date=2021-12-01 |title=Assessment of surface waters and pollution impacts in Southern Ghana |url=https://iwaponline.com/hr/article/52/6/1423/85022/Assessment-of-surface-waters-and-pollution-impacts |journal=Hydrology Research |language=en |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=1423–1435 |doi=10.2166/nh.2021.051 |bibcode=2021HydR...52.1423B |issn=0029-1277|doi-access=free }}</ref> == Cimilada iyo Caqabadaha Biyaha == Bulaacada Pra waxay la kulmaysaa isbeddel cimilo oo kordhaya, oo ay ku jiraan heerkul sare iyo dhacdooyin roobaad oo aad u daran.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=GNA |date=2025-10-23 |title=Pra River Basin experiencing extreme weather conditions |url=https://gna.org.gh/2025/10/pra-river-basin-experiencing-extreme-weather-conditions/ |access-date=2026-06-16 |website=Ghana News Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> Isbeddelladani waxay kordhiyaan khatarta fatahaadaha, cadaadiska abaaraha, iyo amni-darrada biyaha ee bulaacada oo dhan.<ref name=":1" /> Daraasadaha hydrological waxay muujinayaan in isbeddelka isticmaalka dhulku uu si weyn u saameeyo qulqulka iyo dheelitirka biyaha ee bulaacada.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Awotwi |first1=Alfred |last2=Anornu |first2=Geophrey Kwame |last3=Quaye-Ballard |first3=Jonathan Arthur |last4=Annor |first4=Thompson |last5=Forkuo |first5=Eric Kwabena |last6=Harris |first6=Emmanuel |last7=Agyekum |first7=Jacob |last8=Terlabie |first8=John Lawer |date=November 2019 |title=Water balance responses to land-use/land-cover changes in the Pra River Basin of Ghana, 1986–2025 |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0341816219302711 |journal=CATENA |language=en |volume=182 |article-number=104129 |doi=10.1016/j.catena.2019.104129 |bibcode=2019Caten.18204129A |url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[Akim Oda]] waa xarunta ganacsiga ee waqooyiga bulaacada Pra. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons}} *{{cite web|url=http://fish.mongabay.com/data/ecosystems/Pra.htm|title=Noocyada Kalluunka ee Webiga Pra|publisher=Monga Bay|access-date=18 March 2009}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|5.01913|N|1.62598|W|source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} c3crmbuek7lu8klj0uapu0f0741oc2w 0 48628 301414 301033 2026-07-10T12:05:35Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ofin | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-37-34.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Buundo ku taal Webiga Ofin sanadkii 1925 | map = Pra River Basin OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_caption = Koonfurta Ghana oo leh Ofin (bidix) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Ghana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mouth|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Pra River (Ghana)|Webiga Pra]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|40|0|N|2|10|0|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Ofin''' waa marin-biyood u qulqula dhanka bari ee [[Ghana]]. Wuxuu maraa [[Nature reserve|Kaydka]] Tano Ofin ee [[Atwima Mponua District|Degmada Atwima Mponua]] ee Ghana.<ref name="From spectators to managers">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bothends.org/encycl/cases/printcase.php?id=36&id_language=1 |title=''From spectators to managers of tropical forests, Ghana''. Retrieved May 22, 2006. |access-date=May 22, 2006 |archive-date=Bisha Sagaalaad 27, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927184810/http://www.bothends.org/encycl/cases/printcase.php?id=36&id_language=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sariirta webiga Ofin waxay 90 mitir ka sarreysaa heerka badda. Ofin wuxuu jaray kanaallo dhinac ah oo dhaadheer, kuwaas oo qoto dheer celcelis ahaan 12–15 mitir, oo ku dhex yaal dhulalka rogmada ee uu ku qulqulo.<ref name="From spectators to managers"/> Webiyada Ofin iyo [[Pra River (Ghana)|Pra]] waxay sameeyaan xadka u dhexeeya [[Ashanti Region|Gobolka Ashanti]] ee Ghana iyo [[Central Region, Ghana|Gobolka Dhexe]]. [[Dunkwa-on-Offin]] waa magaalo weyn oo ku taal webiga.<ref name="From spectators to managers"/> [[Gold|Dahab]] ayaa laga qodaa fadhiidka webiga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=J.B. |last2=Hastings |first2=D.A. |last3=Jones |first3=W.B. |last4=Williams |first4=H.R. |editor1-last=Wright |editor1-first=J.B. |title=Geology and Mineral Resources of West Africa |date=1985 |publisher=George Allen & UNWIN |location=London |isbn=9780045560011 |pages=45–47 |ref=gold}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Ryan |last2=Anderson |first2=Eric |title=Quartz-Pebble-Conglomerate Gold Deposits, Chapter P of Mineral Deposit Models for Resource Assessment, USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070-P |date=2018 |publisher=US Dept. of the Interior, USGS |location=Reston |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/p/sir20105070p.pdf |page=9}}</ref> == Fauna == Noocyada asaliga ah waxaa ka mid ah ''[[clarias]] agboyiensis'', oo ah nooc nabdoon oo [[catfish|kalluunka bisadda]] neefsada hawada.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2098 |title=Description of ''Clarias Agboyiensis''. Retrieved May 22, 2006. |access-date=May 22, 2006 |archive-date=Bisha Tobnaad 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023213403/http://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2098 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Barekese Dam|Biyo-xireenka Barekese]] wuxuu ku yaal socodkiisa. == Gacan-biyoodyada == * [[Webiga Gyimi]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Commons}} 641n75w4p3p7kznfm6sxnqj2hbl7ucc 0 48632 301447 301038 2026-07-10T12:30:07Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Volta<br>''Fleuve Volta'' | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = VoltaRiverWithAdombeBridge183-1-.jpg | image_size = 300 | image_caption = [[Adomi Bridge|Buundada Adomi]] ayaa ka gudubta webiga Volta koonfurta [[Akosombo Dam|Biyo-xireenka Akosombo]]. | map = Volta River basin map.svg | map_size = 300 | map_caption = Khariidadda bulaacada webiga Volta iyo saddexdiisa gacan-biyood ee waaweyn, webiyada White Volta, Red Volta, iyo Black Volta | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300 | pushpin_map_caption = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 6 <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Ghana]]|[[Burkina Faso]]|[[Ivory Coast]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|1500|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[River mouth|Afka]]<ref name="brit">[http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9075703 Webiga Volta], Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Library Edition. Retrieved on October 6, 2007.</ref> | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|1210|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="brit"/> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Gulf of Guinea|Gacanka Guinea]] | mouth_location = [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|46|N|0|41|E|display=inline,title}}<ref>{{GEOnet2|32FA87A2E09D3774E0440003BA962ED3|Volta}}</ref> | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|407093|km2|abbr=on}}<ref name="eatlas">[http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af26.html Volta] {{Wayback|url=http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af26.html |date=20051026063230 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051026063230/http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af26.html |date=2005-10-26 }}, Watersheds of the World. Water Resources eAtlas. Retrieved on October 6, 2007.</ref> | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Volta''' ({{langx|ak|Asuo Firaw}}, {{langx|ee|Amuga}}, {{langx|fr|Fleuve Volta}}) waa nidaamka [[Drainage system (geomorphology)|webiga]] ugu weyn ee dalka [[West Africa|Galbeedka Afrika]] ee [[Ghana]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfurta isagoo u soo gala Ghana dhanka sare ee [[Bobo-Dioulasso Department|Bobo-Dioulasso]] ee [[Burkina Faso]]. Saddexda qaybood ee ugu waaweyn webiga waa [[Black Volta]], [[White Volta]], iyo [[Red Volta]]. Dhanka waqooyi-galbeed, Black Volta waxay samaysaa xuduudaha caalamiga ah ee [[Ivory Coast]], Ghana, iyo Burkina Faso. Volta wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfurta isagoo mara buuraleyda Akwapim-Togoland, wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] oo ku taal [[Gulf of Guinea|Gacanka Guinea]] ee [[Ada Foah]]. Mid ka mid ah gacan-biyoodyadiisa yaryar, webiga [[Oti River|Oti]], ayaa ka soo gala Ghana dhanka [[Togo]] ee bari. Webiga Volta waxaa lagu xiray [[Akosombo]] si loo soo saaro [[hydroelectricity|tamarta korontada biyaha]]. [[Lake Volta|Kaydka]] loo yaqaan Lake Volta wuxuu ka soo fidaa [[Akosombo Dam|Biyo-xireenka Akosombo]] ee koonfurta ilaa qaybta waqooyi ee dalka, waana kaydka ugu weyn ee bini'aadamku sameeyo marka loo eego aagga adduunka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lake Volta, Ghana|url=https://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=58197|website=Visible Earth| date=7 April 2002 |publisher=NASA|access-date=7 March 2018}}</ref> Dalka [[Burkina Faso]] waxaa hore loogu yeeri jiray [[Republic of Upper Volta|Upper Volta]], kaas oo loogu magac daray webiga. [[File:Ada, Volta River.jpg|thumb|Ada, Webiga Volta]] == Kaydka biyaha == Lake Volta waa kayd biyo ah oo uu xiray [[Akosombo Dam|Biyo-xireenka Akosombo]] ee webiga Volta ee hoose ee koonfurta Ghana. Waa mid ka mid ah kaydadka ugu waaweyn adduunka. Waxay ka soo fidaysaa Biyo-xireenka Akosombo ee koonfur-bari Ghana ilaa magaalada [[Yapei]] ee [[Central Gonja District|Degmada Central Gonja]], [[Northern Region of Ghana|Gobolka Waqooyi ee Ghana]], qiyaastii {{convert|400|km|mi}} dhanka waqooyi.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lake Volta {{!}} Afrika, Khariidad, Taariikh, & Xaqiiqooyin {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Volta |access-date=2026-06-23 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> [[Power plant|Warshadda korontada]] ee biyo-xireenka ayaa koronto u dhalisa [[Volta River Authority]], kaydkuna wuxuu kaloo bixiyaa waddooyin gaadiidka biyaha ah. Waa il khayraad oo loogu talagalay [[irrigation|waraabka]], iyo [[fish farming|beerashada kalluunka]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-23 |title=Akosombo Dam: Xaqiiqooyinka Injineernimada Iyo Taariikhda |url=https://www.ice.org.uk/what-is-civil-engineering/infrastructure-projects/akosombo-dam |access-date=2026-05-23 |website=Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-01 |title=Ghana's Akosombo Dam, Volta Lake Fisheries & Climate Change {{!}} American Academy of Arts and Sciences |url=https://www.amacad.org/publication/daedalus/ghanas-akosombo-dam-volta-lake-fisheries-climate-change |access-date=2026-05-23 |website=www.amacad.org |language=en}}</ref> Qoto dheerka webiga waa qiyaastii {{convert|45|ft|m}} ka hooseeya Lake Volta. Webiga Volta waxaa ka gudba [[Adome Bridge|Buundada Adome]] oo ka hooseysa Biyo-xireenka Akosombo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Webiga Volta |url=https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/wp/v/Volta_River.htm |access-date=2026-06-23 |website=samplecontents.library.ph}}</ref> == Taariikh == [[Akwamu people|Dadka Akwamu]] ee mar dhistay [[Akwamu|boqortooyo]] labada bari, iyo galbeed ee webiga oo ku fidsan maanta [[Ghana]], [[Togo]], iyo [[Benin]] waxay ugu yeeraan '''Firaw'''. Waxay leeyihiin [[Akan religion#Abosom|ilaah]] u gooni ah webiga oo la yiraahdo Mfodwo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wissing |first1=Kirsty |title=Assistance and resistance of (hydro-)power: Contested relationships of control over the Volta River, Ghana |journal=Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space |date=November 2019 |volume=37 |issue=7 |pages=1167, 1169 |doi=10.1177/0263774x18807482}}</ref> Webiga Volta waxaa magacaabay ganacsatada [[Gold|dahabka]] ee reer Bortuqaal ee Ghana. Waxay ahayd meeshii ugu fogayd ee ay sahamiyaan ka hor intaysan soo noqon (''volta'' waa [[Portuguese language|Bortuqaal]] oo macnaheedu yahay "qallooc" ama "leexasho").<ref name="Volta - etymology"/> Waxaa loo yaqaannay ''"Webiga soo laabashada"'' (laga yaabee, sababtoo ah waxay ahayd meeshii maraakiibtu ku soo noqdeen oo u jihaysteen guriga) ama "webiga qallooca", iyadoo tixraacaysa koorsadiisa qaloocan.<ref name="Volta - etymology">{{Cite web |title=volta {{!}} Search Online Etymology Dictionary |url=https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=Volta |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=www.etymonline.com}}</ref><ref name="Bakewell">{{cite book|first=Ivor|last=Wilks|chapter=Wangara, Akan, and Portuguese in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries|editor1-last=Bakewell|editor1-first=Peter|title=Mines of Silver and Gold in the Americas|date=1997|publisher=Variorum, Ashgate Publishing Limited|location=Aldershot|page=15}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * {{commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} hlm3yvpd4as6schqazoh3v09s0cgifh 0 48646 301506 301091 2026-07-10T18:00:29Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301506 wikitext text/x-wiki '''McKinney''' waa magaalo ku taal gobolka Collin County, Texas, Mareykanka. Waa magaalada saddexaad ee ugu weyn Degmada Collin, marka laga reebo Plano iyo Frisco. . Xafiiska Tirakoobka ([[:en:United_States_Census_Bureau|Census Bureau]]) wuxuu McKinney ku qiimeeyay inay tahay magaalada afraad ee ugu kobaca badan qaranka laga bilaabo 2010 ilaa 2019 waxayna go'aamisay in dadka magaalada ee 2020 ay ahaayeen 195,308. Marka loo eego qiyaasaha Xafiiska Tirakoobka, laga bilaabo Luulyo 2022 dadka magaaladu waxay ahaayeen 207,507. https://mckinneytexas.org [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] suhf3mle82b6biwuea6wtw07xv63dk6 301510 301506 2026-07-10T18:08:33Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''McKinney''' waa magaalo ku taal gobolka [[Collin County, Texas]], Mareykanka. Waa magaalada saddexaad ee ugu weyn Degmada Collin, marka laga reebo Plano iyo Frisco. . Xafiiska Tirakoobka ([[:en:United_States_Census_Bureau|Census Bureau]]) wuxuu McKinney ku qiimeeyay inay tahay magaalada afraad ee ugu kobaca badan qaranka laga bilaabo 2010 ilaa 2019 waxayna go'aamisay in dadka magaalada ee 2020 ay ahaayeen 195,308. Marka loo eego qiyaasaha Xafiiska Tirakoobka, laga bilaabo Luulyo 2022 dadka magaaladu waxay ahaayeen 207,507. https://mckinneytexas.org [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] 2xezq98k3mznva5rohme5larzsmzw1s 0 48653 301431 301109 2026-07-10T12:12:25Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|14.16|-16.45|type:waterbody_region:SN-FK_source:dewiki|format=dms|display=title}} [[File:Saloum OSM.png|right|thumb|330px]] '''Webiga Sine''' ama Webiga Siin ('''Siin''' oo ku qoran [[Serer language|af-Serer]]; ''La Rivière Sine'' oo ku qoran [[French language|af-Faransiis]]) waa webi ku yaal [[Senegal]]. Wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Atlantic Ocean|Badweynta Atlaantik]] isagoo la socda [[Saloum River|Webiga Saloum]] ee ku yaal gacanka [[Sine-Saloum]]. == Xiriirinta dibadda == *{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.refer.sn/ethiopiques/article.php3?id_article=895&artsuite=10 « Le pacte primordial dans la vallée du Sine »]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (maqaallo [in] ''Éthiopiques'' n° 31) {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sine River}} 0d8fb8spqaqce3h8ehrdba6nmguvg4s 0 48689 301422 301159 2026-07-10T12:10:06Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301422 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Le rhumel et le pont romain.jpg|thumb|upright 0.7|Rhumel iyo buundadii Roomaanka]] '''Webiga Rhumel''' (Carabi: وادي الرمال), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Rhummel, Rummel, El-Kebîrl, iyo wakhtigii hore sida webiga ''Ampsaga'',<ref>{{cite web |last1=Février |first1=P.-A. |last2=E. B |date=1985-11-01 |title=Ampsaga/Amsaga |url=http://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/2483 |access-date=2019-10-09 |pages=606–608<!--endif p.totales--> |language=fr |publication-date= |issn=1015-7344}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=L'histoire de la Maurétanie. |url=http://www.cosmovisions.com/ChronoMauretanie.htm |access-date=2019-10-09 |website=www.cosmovisions.com |publication-date= |archive-date=2022-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215055155/https://www.cosmovisions.com/ChronoMauretanie.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> waa webiga ugu weyn gobolka [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]] ee dalka Algeria. == Juqraafiya == Isha webiga Rhumel waxay ku taal buuraha Ferdjioua (Mila). Halkaas ayuu kaga dhex maraa saxansaxada [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]], ka dibna wuu cidhiidhyoomaa waqooyiga [[Aïn Smara]] halkaas oo uu sameeyo oxbow ku dhowaad dhammaystiran ka hor inta aanu dhex gelin, jihada SW/NE, miisaska nuuradda ee [[Djebel El Hadjar]] iyo saxansaxada {{Interlanguage link|Aïn el Bey|fr|Aïn El Bey}}. Halkan, wuxuu ugu qulqulaa doox cidhiidhi ah meel u dhow [[Boussouf, Algeria|Boussouf]], wuxuu marnaa qalloocyo dhowr ah, wuxuuna noqdaa mid aad u cidhiidhi ah mar kale meel la yiraahdo "giriigga Roomaanka". Tani waxay horseedaysaa laga soo galo [[Kheneg gorges]], kaas oo tiirkiisa bari ee weyn, oo loo yaqaan "buurta Tiddis", uu yahay goobta [[Tiddis]], magaalo muhiim ah oo [[Berbers|Berber]] iyo [[Ancient Rome|Roomaan ah]] oo uu baaray cilmibaaraha {{Interlanguage link|André Berthier|fr|André Berthier}}.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dussaud|first=René|date=1952|title=André Berthier. — Tiddis, antique Castellum Tidditanorum|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/syria_0039-7946_1952_num_29_3_4794_t1_0362_0000_5|journal=Syria. Archéologie, Art et histoire|volume=29|issue=3|pages=362–363}}</ref> Meel aan ka fogayn waa tuulada [[Messaoud Boudjeriou|Messaoud Boudjriou]] (oo hore loo oran jiray Aïn-Kerma) iyo miinadeedii hore ee [[antimony]]. Rhumel-ka hoose (ama Oued-el-Kebir) wuxuu maraa dooxooyin qoto dheer oo ku yaal buuraha Numidian wuxuuna ku shubaa badda bari ee Gacanka [[Jijel]]. == Qaybaha dhaxalka == Qaybaha dhaxalka ugu weyn ee Rhumel waa [[Oued-Boumerzoug]] kaas oo ka kaca degmada [[Aïn M'lila]]. Biyihiisa waxaa si ballaaran loogu isticmaalaa waraabka, waxaana meel u dhow madaxa dooxada ku yaal spa-ga muhiimka ah ee [[Ain Fesguia]]. Tributary-gan wuxuu biyo cabitaan ah siiyaa magaalada Constantine, taas oo u nugul fatahaad maadaama ay ku taallo isugu biiridda Boumerzoug iyo Rhumel.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bourenane|first1=Hamid|last2=Bouhadad|first2=Youcef|last3=Guettouche|first3=Mohamed Said|date=2019-12-01|title=Flood hazard mapping in urban area using the hydrogeomorphological approach: case study of the Boumerzoug and Rhumel alluvial plains (Constantine city, NE Algeria).|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1464343X19302572|journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences|language=en|volume=160|article-number=103602|doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103602|s2cid=202911117 |issn=1464-343X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> <gallery mode="packed"> Les gorges du Rhumel et le pont El Kantara.jpg|Dooxooyinka Rhumel iyo buundada El Kantara Pont des Chutes (Constantine) 02.jpg|Buundada Falls ee Webiga Rhumel Rhumel canyon, north side, Constantine, Algeria.jpg|Dooxada Rhumel, dhinaca waqooyi </gallery> Tributary kale waa [[Oued Dekri]], meel u dhow magaalada [[Chelghoum Laïd]], {{Convert|50|km|mi}} koonfur-galbeed ee Constantine. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Akhris dheeraad ah == * P.-A. Février and E. B, "Ampsaga / Amsaga", Berber Encyclopedia, November 1, 1985, p. 606–608 ({{ISSN|1015-7344}}, read online, accessed October 9, 2019) * "The history of Maurétanie. », At www.cosmovisions.com (accessed October 9, 2019) * [https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/africa/constantine-the-most-beautiful-city-you-ve-never-heard-of-1.271786 Constantine, the most beautiful city you've never heard of] {{coord|36.8713|6.0830|format=dms|type:river_region:DZ|display=title}} 18ohq3tlck1nsbu8twvnwnozb1nuhby 0 48696 301429 301166 2026-07-10T12:12:19Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 8 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301429 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sanyati Basin OSM.svg|right|thumb|330px|Webiga Sebakwe ee ku yaal biyaha webiga Sanyati (xagga hoose)]] '''Webiga Sebakwe''' ama '''Webiga Zibagwe''' waa [[webi]] ku yaal [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]. {{coord |-18.6080|29.6238|type:city_region:ZW|display=title}} Webiga Sebakwe wuxuu ku yaal Gobolka [[Midlands (Zimbabwe)|Midlands]] ee Zimbabwe. Wuxuu leeyahay dherer dhan {{convert|150| km|mi}} oo xariiq toosan ah laga bilaabo isha ilaa afka,<ref>[http://zw.geoview.info/sebakwe_river,55372292w Sebakwe River] Waxaa la helay 5 Maarso 2016</ref> waana tributary-ga [[Munyati River|Webiga Munyati]] oo uu kaga biiro [[Zhombe|Zhombe East]] meel ku taal {{coord|18.6027|S|29.6188|E|region:ZW_type:landmark|name=Sebakwe River mouth|format=dms}}. Webiga Sebakwe wuxuu ka soo degaa ciribta koonfur-galbeed ee Buurta Mtoro, oo jooggeedu yahay {{convert|1580|m}}, waqooyi-bari ee [[Chivhu]]. Wuxuu markaas u qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed, bariga Chivhu iyo galbeedka [[The Range, Zimbabwe|The Range]].<ref>Hartley Final Map GRID Ref: TQ9707 [http://www.rhodesia.me.uk/images/Hartley_final.jpg Hartley Final] {{Wayback|url=http://www.rhodesia.me.uk/images/Hartley_final.jpg |date=20250530095830 }} Rhodesian Map Archive SHEETFALL - 1:250 000 SERIES Waxaa la helay 13 Maarso 2016</ref> == Asalka == Magaca Sebakwe waa qalloocinta magaca ''Zibagwe'' oo macnihiisu yahay geed galley ama hadhuudh aad u weyn. Nooca kale ee asalka magaca ayaa sheegaya inuu ka yimid magaca "''Chiwake'' oo macnihiisu yahay 'wax la dhisay', taas oo tixraacaysa xannibaad la dhisay intii lagu jiray Kacdoonkii".<ref>[http://www.rhodesia.me.uk/ColourfulPlaceNamesofRhodesia.htm Waxaa la helay 5 Maarso 2016]</ref> Hadda magaca "Zibagwe" ayaa baahsan. Waxaa jira halyeey afka laga soo gudbiyay oo sheegaya sida magaca Zibagwe u yimid. Waxay leedahay ''Zibagwe'' oo ah magaca [[ChiShona|ChiShona]] ee "geed galley ama hadhuudh aad u weyn" waxaa la bixiyay markii dadka maxalliga ah ay soo booqdeen si ay u baaraan xerada ay sahamiyayaasha Yurub u dejiyeen bilo badan. Sahamiyayaashii la sheegay waxay xerada uga tageen meel kale oo u sii jeedda waqooyiga ilaa [[Mashonaland]]. Dadka maxalliga ah waxay ka heleen xerada laga tagay geed galley aad u weyn oo leh hadhuudh aad u waaweyn. In kasta oo ay u yimaadeen raadinta hanti wixii ay dadka Caddaan ka tagi karaan, qofna ma taaban geedka galleyda ee soo jiidashada leh sababtoo ah waxay ku ag taallay [[kaadi-hayaha]] xerada, si wanaagsan ayaa loogu bacrimiyay [[Urine#Agriculture|kaadi]]. Geedka galleyda ee la sheegay wuxuu halkaas joogay waqti dheer, sababtoo ah wuxuu ku yiil bangiga webiga, waxay webiga u ugu yeereen "kuZibagwe" oo macnihiisu yahay "geed galley ah oo aad u weyn". In kasta oo aan si rasmi ah loo sheegin, waxaa la rumeysan yahay in Zibagwe "Urinal" Maize Plant uu dhiirigeliyay mashruuca musqulaha tijaabada ah ee deegaanka ee laga fuliyay Zimbabwe dhowr sano ka hor. Mashruuc cilmi-baaris ah oo 3 sano ah oo adeegsanaya kaadida la qasiyay sida bacriminta ayaa laga sameeyay Epworth, Harare (2008–2010) natiijooyinkuna waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u wanaagsan.<ref>Peter Morgan 2011 bogga 6 [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1285 Trees as recyclers of nutrients present in human excreta] susana.org Waxaa la helay 14 Maarso 2016</ref> (Buugga oo dhan wuxuu muujinayaa sida adeegsiga kaadida la qasiyay ee dhirta ay aad waxtar ugu yeelan karto koritaanka dhirta.) == Webiga Little Sebakwe == [[File:2._Effect_of_urine_treatement_on_maize_growth_(5621512601).jpg|thumb|Saamaynta daaweynta kaadida ee koritaanka galleyda. Hadhuudhka weyn ee halkan ku yaal waxaa loo yaqaan Zibagwe.]] Webiga ugu weyn ee Sebakwe wuxuu ku shubaa [[Munyati River|Webiga Munyati]]. Waxaa jira webi kale oo Sebakwe ah oo loo yaqaan [[Little Sebakwe River|Webiga Little Sebakwe]] kaas oo leh dherer dhan {{convert|7.6|km}} wuxuuna gebi ahaanba ku yaal [[Mashonaland East Province|Gobolka Mashonaland East]]. Si ka duwan webiga ugu weyn ee Sebakwe, wuxuu u qulqulaa bariga ilaa Webiga Nyazvidzi, [[drainage basin|dhaamka biyaha]] ee Save River. Little Sebakwe wuxuu maraa waqooyiga buurta Dombo, jooggeedu yahay {{convert|1455|m}}, iyo koonfurta buurta Dowa, jooggeedu yahay {{convert|1386|m}}, socodkiisa ku aaddan Webiga Nyazvidzi. Wuxuu la kulmaa Webiga Nyazvidzi koonfur-bari ee Dugsiga St Kizito waxa loo yaqaanay Eastdale Tribal Trust Land.<ref>Map Grid Ref: TP9463 [http://www.rhodesia.me.uk/images/Selukwe_final.jpg Selukwe_final.jpg Rhodesian Maps Archive] {{Wayback|url=http://www.rhodesia.me.uk/images/Selukwe_final.jpg |date=20250530095830 }} SHEETFALL - 1:250 000 SERIES Waxaa la helay 13 Maarso 2016</ref> == Hawlaha Taariikhiga ah == Webiga Sebakwe wuxuu leeyahay taariikh hodan ah. Waxay u muuqataa in Kwekwe, oo markaas loo higgaadiyay [[Que Que]], loo yaqaanay Sebakwe ka hor intaan loo qaadan magaca Que Que.<ref>Eric Rosenthal Cutubka XIX. pp49 [http://www.zjc.org.il/images/RHODESIAN%20JEWRY%20AND%20ITS%20STORY%20-%20Part%20Two.pdf Part Two -Zimbabwe Jewish Community] {{Wayback|url=http://www.zjc.org.il/images/RHODESIAN%20JEWRY%20AND%20ITS%20STORY%20-%20Part%20Two.pdf |date=20151207055412 }} Michael dhibaatooyinkiisu haba yaraatee ma dhammaan, waayo wuxuu ku dhacay deymaha horumarin la siiyay isagoo loo marayo Benevolent Society. Warqad ayaa loo diray 25 Agoosto 1903, shirkadda Globe and Phoenix Gold Mining Company ee Sebakwe (oo hadda loo yaqaan Que Que), isagoo xusuusinaya: "Waxaa jira saddex lacagood oo C5 ah oo dib u dhac ah, sida ku cad qorshahaaga aad ku bixinayso deyntaada. aamin, sidaas darteed, in aadan ku guuldareysan doonin inaad ii soo dirto jeeggaaga C15…"] Eric Rosenthal Part II]Zimbabwe Jewish Community Waxaa la helay 13 Maarso 2016</ref> Qarnigii lix iyo tobnaad sahamiye reer Portugal ah, Fernandes, ayaa xero ku dhigtay bangiyada Webiga Sebakwe meel aan {{convert|5|mi|km}} u jirin [[Kwekwe|Kwekwe]].<ref>[http://www.oncecalledhome.com/2012/02/fishermans-paradise/ Fisherman’s Paradise] {{Wayback|url=http://www.oncecalledhome.com/2012/02/fishermans-paradise/ |date=20231205193222 }} Bilowgii qarnigii lix iyo tobnaad, markii Monomotapa xukumayay, sahamiyaha ugu horreeya ee Yurub, oo ahaa reer Portugal, Fernandes, ayaa xero ku dhigtay bangiyada Sebakwe meel aan shan mayl u jirin Que Que. Once Called Home Waxaa la helay 13 Maarso 2016</ref> Boqor Lobengula wuxuu lahaa qaar ka mid ah reefs-ka weheliya Webiga Sebakwe oo loo calaamadeeyay sida sheegashadiisa Sebtember 1890<ref>[http://www.geni.com/projects/Pioneers-of-Rhodesia-Individuals/14703 Pioneers of Rhodesia - Individuals] DAWSON, James. Bulawayo 3 May 1886, wuxuu markhaati ka ahaa dukumeentiga xaqiijinaya deeqda Loben ee aagga Tati ee shirkadda Northern Light Gold Mining Company. DAWSON wuxuu ku sugnaa Matabeleland intii lagu jiray Maajo 1885 iyo Maarso 1886, iyo dabayaaqadii Luulyo 1888. 18 Sebtember 1890 Lobengula wuxuu siiyay DAWSON warqad u oggolaanaysa inuu calaamadiyo sheegashooyinka (Iohe,) ee Mashonaland ee webiyada Umfuli iyo Zimbo. DAWSON wuxuu u aaday Salisbury si uu uga mudaaharaado maamulka in dadka deegaanka ay sheegteen reefs-kiisa. H. J.BORROW ayaa la raacay aagga webiyada Sebakwe iyo Bembesi si uu u calaamadiyo sheegashooyin kale oo Boqorka ah. geni.com Waxaa la helay 10 Maarso 2016</ref> Dhulkii uu Webiga Sebakwe soo maray waxaa loo yaqaanay Degmada Sebakwe. Shirkad soo saartay Gaika Mine ee Que Que waxay lahayd 437 sheegasho dahab ah degmada Sebakwe ee markaas iyo dhammaan biyaha la isticmaalay waxay ahaayeen Webiga Sebakwe.<ref>[http://www.oncecalledhome.com/2012/08/down-in-the-dumps-2/ Down in the Dumps] {{Wayback|url=http://www.oncecalledhome.com/2012/08/down-in-the-dumps-2/ |date=20160314185457 }} Shirkadda Chicago Gaika Development Co. ayaa la bilaabay 1897 waxayna soo saartay 200,000 oo saamiyo ah oo min hal rodol ah. Saamiyada si buuxda ayaa loo qoray. Waxay heshay 437 sheegasho dahab ah degmada Sebakwe. Once Called Home Waxaa la helay 10 Maarso 2016</ref> Sannadkii 1914 (diiwaannada qaar waxay sheegaan 1880) [[Frederick Selous|Fred Selous]] wuxuu toogtay oo dilay wiyil cad webigan iyo madaxiisa ayaa la ilaaliyay. Waxay ku taal Matxafka Ingiriiska. Magaca sawirku waa "Sebakwe 1914"<ref>[http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/images/Sebakwe-1914_i1178632407.php Madaxa wiyil cad oo uu toogtay Fred Selous Webiga Sebakwe ee Zimbabwe]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Laga soo bilaabo Selous et al., Cayaarta weyn ee Afrika iyo Yurub, 1914, pl.2. Rhino Resource Center Imagrs Waxaa la helay 5 Maarso 2016</ref> [[File:RhinoSelous.jpg|thumb|Sebakwe 1914_Madaxa wiyil cad oo uu toogtay Fred Selous Webiga Sebakwe ee Zimbabwe]] Fredrick Selous waxaa ku dhowaatay inuu dilo shabeel Webiga Sebakwe.<ref>John Guille Millais 2013 bogga 208 [http://192.34.63.172/docs/life%20of%20frederick%20courteney%20selous%20dso%20capt%2025th%20royal%20fusiliers.pdf Webiga Sebakwe] {{Wayback|url=http://192.34.63.172/docs/life%20of%20frederick%20courteney%20selous%20dso%20capt%2025th%20royal%20fusiliers.pdf |date=20160314164416 }} wuxuu riday wuxuu u maleeyay inuu yahay waraabe, laakiin markii uu u soo dhowaaday xayawaanka, oo uu filayay inuu helo dhintay, maadaama uu maqlay xabbadda oo dhacday, waxaa si lama filaan ah u soo weeraray shabeel. Bahalka cadhaysan wuxuu maray toos hoostiisa stirrup-iron-kiisa, ka dib markii uu socday soddon yard wuu istaagay oo fadhiistay dhabarkiisa. Xabbad kale oo uu riday ayaa isla markiiba dishay. Nolosha Fredrick Courtney Selous, DSO Capt 25th Royal Fusiliers. Asal ahaan waxaa la daabacay 1919 Waxaa la helay 13 Maarso 2016</ref> Webiga Sebakwe wuxuu ahaa xuduud u dhaxaysa Mashonaland iyo Matabeleland markii Southern Rhodesia ay weli ahayd dal ka kooban laba gobol. Waxay sidoo kale ahayd waddo loogu safro bari ilaa Wadada Salisbury-Bulawayo taas oo ahayd galbeedka Enkeldoorn iyo meelaha Fort Charter. Webiga Sebakwe wuxuu kaloo lahaa meelo laga gudbo oo aan lahayn buundooyin laakiin ferryboat, oo lagu sawiray giraangir u safrayay fiilada sida baabuur hawada ah.<ref>[http://www.forgottenbooks.com/readbook_text/Rhodesia_-_and_After_1000435054/135 p.114-5. Rhodesia - and After: Being the Story of the 17th and 18th Battalions of Imperial Yeomanry] Laba maalmood ka dib, annagoo ka gudbayna Webiga Sebakwe, waxaan ka gudubnay dhulkii Mashonas una gudubnay Matabeleland. In kasta oo dhammaadkii xilligii abaarta ay dhammaan waddooyinkayadu ahaayeen kuwo si wanaagsan loo waraabiyay, xitaa sariiraha webiga ee ugu yar waxay lahaayeen barkado dherer kala duwan oo laga heli karo sahay biyo ah oo aad u badan. Roobabka kuwa waaweyn waa fatahaado degdeg ah, waxaana lagu gudbaa sanduuq ama sariir laga soo jiido bangi ilaa bangi oo ay la socoto fiilo fiilo oo lagu xidhay hawada dhexdeeda. Mararka qaarkood " sida Sebakwe " ferryboat, oo lagu sawiray giraangir u safrayay fiilada, ayaa lagu beddelay baabuurkii hawada. Waxaan hadda ku sugnaa wadada Salisbury-Buluwayo, waxaana maalin walba na dhaafi jiray tababarayaasha Zeederberg, taas oo hadda ah habka kaliya ee gaadiidka rakaabka u dhexeeya labada caasimadood. forgottenbooks.com Waxaa la helay 10 Maarso 2016</ref> Dad badan oo degay xilligii hore waxay heleen dhul ay weheliyaan Webiga Sebakwe oo aan la iska celin karin.<ref>Pombiyadonha http://pombiyadonha.byo24.com/index-id-iblog-iblog-509.html Koox weyn oo ka mid ah dadka Caddaan ee degay ayaa aasaasay beeraha Webiga Umnyati iyo Webiga Sebakwe ee dhulka Chief Mashava. Qaar kale waxay beerahooda ku lahaayeen agagaarka Fort Charter ee dhulka Chief Maromo. Sannadkii 1895, dhulalkii chiefs Maromo, Mashava iyo Nyika waxay gebi ahaanba ku jireen beeralayda Afrikaner ee aag dhuleed dhan qiyaastii afar boqol iyo konton kun oo acre. Dhulka Chief Mutekedza, byo24.com|Waxaa la helay 13 Maarso 2016</ref> Webiga Sebakwe wuxuu mar walba ahaa il biyo cabitaan iyo waraab ah. Waxay xitaa leedahay weirs qarnigii 19-aad qaar ka mid ah oo ay abuureen buundooyin gaadhi.<ref>Info http://zimfieldguide.com/midlands/orton’s-drift-over-sebakwe-river Waggon outspan waa 120 mitir koonfurta guriga oo leh Orton’s Drift kaas oo ka gudba Webiga Sebakwe oo ku yaal ford dhagax ah oo si macmal ah loo dhisay kaas oo xidha Webiga Sebakwe dhankiisa bari. -19°09′10.80″S 30°39′01.64″E Zimfieldguide.com Waxaa la helay 13 Maarso 2016</ref> Webiga Sebakwe wuxuu mar walba ahaa xariiqda nolosha ee Kwekwe bilowgii. Que Que waxay ka horumartay townships macdanta ee Gaika iyo Globe iyo Phoenix mines. Biyo cabitaan ee Gaika iyo G and P mines waxaa laga soo raray Webiga Sebakwe gaadhiga lo'da ilaa G iyo P mine la siiyay xuquuqda biyaha si loo dhuumo biyaha webiga {{convert |5.25| mi|km}} fog 1898.<ref>http://www.oncecalledhome.com/2012/08/down-in-the-dumps-2/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.oncecalledhome.com/2012/08/down-in-the-dumps-2/ |date=20160314185457 }} Biyo cabitaan waxaa laga soo raray Webiga Sebakwe gaadhiga lo'da laakiin ka dib muran sharci ah 1898 G iyo P waxay heleen oggolaansho ay ku shubaan biyaha iyada oo loo marayo dhuumo shan iyo rubuc mayl ah oo ka yimid Webiga Sebakwe. Si kastaba ha ahaatee intii lagu jiray abaartii 1904 shaqaalaha Gaika waxay u socdeen G iyo P oo wata afar gallon oo paraffin tins si ay u helaan biyohooda. Once Called Home Waxaa la helay 10 Maarso 2016</ref> Webiga Sebakwe wuxuu kaloo u dhaqmay sidii xuduudda waqooyi ee Kutanga Bombing Range ee markaas Rosedale Farming Area. Kala duwanaanshahan waxaa u isticmaalay diyaaradaha dagaalka ee [[Gweru-Thornhill Air Base|Thornhill Air Base]] kaas oo weli shaqeynaya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ourstory.com/thread.html?t=248866&comments=1 |date=10 Maarso 2016 |title=Kutanga Bombing Range - {{sic|I|t's|nolink=y}} Taariikh · 1960 - 1983 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314164505/http://www.ourstory.com/thread.html?t=248866&comments=1 |archive-date=14 Maarso 2016 |access-date=14 Maarso 2016 }}</ref> Kutanga Bombing Range waxay ku taal koonfurta magaalada Midlands ee loo yaqaan Que Que ee degmada oo inta badan loo yaqaan Bemberzaan/ Sebakwe (oo loogu magac daray labada webi ee aaggaas) bulshada beeralayda ee loo yaqaan Rosedale. Tani waxay juqraafi ahaan u dhigtay kala duwanaanshaha waqooyiga Thornhill qiyaastii {{convert |50| mi|km}}. == Hawlaha Hadda == Webiga Sebakwe wuxuu siiyaa Munyati Power Station biyo loogu talagalay kariyeyaasha iyada oo loo marayo kanaal dhan {{convert|23|km|adj=on}}<ref>ZPC [http://www.zpc.co.zw/powerstations/5/munyati-power-station Munyati Power Station] - Zimbabwe Power Company |Kariyeyaasha waxaa loogu talagalay inay gubaan dhuxusha "peas". Biyaha waxaa laga soo saaraa laba ilood: Webiga Sebakwe iyada oo loo marayo kanaal dhan 23-kilomitir iyo Munyati Weir iyada oo loo marayo dhuumo 3-kilomitir ah. Zimbabwe Power Corporation Power Stations Waxaa la helay 10 2016</ref> {{convert|266|ML|adj=on}} [[Sebakwe Dam|Biyo-xireenka Sebakwe]] ayaa ka gudba Webiga Sebakwe, wuxuuna siiyaa Kwekwe, [[Sebakwe Recreational Park|Sebakwe Recreational Park]] iyo [[Redcliff, Zimbabwe|Redcliff]] biyo.<ref>BLESSED MHLANGA 23 Janaayo 2014 [http://www.southerneye.co.zw/2014/01/23/kwekwe-runs-dry-debt/ Kwekwe runs dry over debt] KWEKWE iyo Redcliff waxay u tageen maalin labaad biyo la'aan shalay ka dib markii Maamulka Biyaha Qaranka Zimbabwe (Zinwa) uu xiray waalka biyaha ee Sebakwe Dam ka dib markii muran ka dhashay deyn dhan $800 000. Southern Eye News Waxaa la helay 12 Maarso 2016</ref><ref>Tinomuda Chakanyuka 17 Janaayo 2016 [http://www.sundaynews.co.zw/cities-dam-levels-critical-7-month-water-supply-left/ Cities dam levels critical…7-month water supply left] Sebakwe iyo Lower Zibagwe oo siiya Kwekwe iyo Redcliff ayaa weli ah 65,3 boqolkiiba buuxa. Sunday News|Top Stories Waxaa la helay 12 Maarso 2016</ref> Sebakwe Recreational Park iyo Sebakwe Black Rhino Trust Conservancy waxay ilaaliyaan duurjoogta.<ref>Guide [http://zimfieldguide.com/midlands/sebakwe-recreational-park|Sebakwe Recreational Park]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Zimbabwe Field Guide|Waxaa la helay 13 Maarso 2016</ref> Webiga sidoo kale waxaa lagu xiray Dutchman's Pool Dam, sidoo kale Webiga Sebakwe iyo il biyo oo dheeri ah oo loogu talagalay [[Kwekwe|Kwekwe]].<ref>Webworld [http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Zimbabwe/1zw`se~1.htm Sebakwe at Dutchman'S Pool Dam] {{Wayback|url=http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part%274/AFRICA/Zimbabwe/1zw%60se~1.htm |date=20160804061933 }} unesco.org Water Waxaa la helay 13 Maarso 2016</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} ewnx3o5fdftuyla94o3ed6j6tm4yosu 0 48701 301421 301171 2026-07-10T12:10:02Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Pungwe | native_name = {{native name|pt|Rio Púngoè or Rio Púnguè}} | name_other = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = Dooxada Pungwe ee [[Nyanga National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Nyanga]], Zimbabwe | image_alt = | map = Pungwe Basin OSM.svg | map_size = 250 | map_caption = Khariidadda dhaamka biyaha ee Webiga Pungwe | map_alt = <!---------------------- BASIN --> | river_system = Webiga Pungwe | progression = | source1_location = [[Mount Nyangani|Buurta Nyangani]] (Zimbabwe) | source1_coordinates = | source1_elevation = {{convert|1,500|m|abbr=on}} | mouth_location = [[Beira, Mozambique|Beira]], [[Indian Ocean|Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-19.865278|34.818611|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | altitude_difference = | basin_size = {{convert|31,151|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} ilaa {{cvt|32,243.7|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="Indian Ocean Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=158&catid=321&Itemid=179|title=Indian Ocean Coast}}</ref> | subdivision_type1 = Waddan | subdivision_name1 = [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]] iyo [[Mozambique|Mozambique]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = <!---------------------- PHYSIOGNOMY --> | length = {{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = (Xilligii: 1979–2015) {{cvt|20.44|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP">{{cite web|url=http://geftwap.org|title=GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP}}</ref> (Xilligii: 1971–2000) {{cvt|615.9|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Indian Ocean Coast"/> {{convert|120|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Andersson et al. 2011"/> ilaa {{convert|133|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="The Pungwe River Monograph"/> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- FEATURES --> | tributaries_left = Vunduzi, [[Urema River|Urema]] | tributaries_right = [[Honde River|Honde]] | waterbodies = | waterfalls = [[Pungwe Falls]] | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Pungwe''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Púngoè|links=no}} ama ''Rio Púnguè''<ref name=NGIA/>) waa webi dhererkiisu dhan yahay {{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}} oo mara [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]] iyo [[Mozambique|Mozambique]].<ref name="Andersson et al. 2011"/><ref name="The Pungwe River Monograph"/> Wuxuu ka kacaa hoos-ta Buurta [[Mount Nyangani|Mount Nyangani]] ee ku taal [[Eastern Highlands|Buuraha Bariga]] ee Zimbabwe ka dibna wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfur-bari isagoo maraya gobollada [[Manica Province|Manica]] iyo [[Sofala Province|Sofala]] ee Mozambique. Pungwe wuxuu galaa [[Urema Valley|Dooxada Urema]], oo ah qaybta ugu koonfureed ee [[Great Rift Valley|Dooxada Weyn ee Rift]], halkaas oo uu ka sameeyo xuduudda koonfureed ee [[Gorongosa National Park|Beerta Qaranka ee Gorongosa]]. [[Urema River|Webiga Urema]] ayaa ku milma, webiguna wuxuu raacaa dooxada rift koonfurta. Dhul-qoyan xilliyeed ballaaran ayaa ka samaysma agagaarka webiyada Pungwe iyo Urema ee qaybta dooxada rift. Wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Mozambique Channel|Kanaalka Mozambique]] meel u dhow [[Beira, Mozambique|Beira]], isagoo sameeya estuary ballaaran.<ref name="The Pungwe River Monograph"/> Waa mid ka mid ah webiyada waaweyn ee Mozambique oo inta badan keena fatahaado.<ref name="Andersson et al. 2011"/><ref name="The Pungwe River Monograph"/> [[File:BeiraFromTheISS.jpg|right|thumb|Beira oo ku taal afka Webiga Pungwe, sida laga arkay [[International Space Station|Xarunta Hawada Caalamiga ah]]]] [[File:Flooding in Mozambique Púnguè River 2010-03-08.jpg|thumb|right|Fatahaadda Webiga Pungwe sida laga arkay dayax-gacmeedka NASA [[Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS]] sannadkii 2010.]] [[File:Sofala Province Mozambique 2009-03-12.jpg|thumb|right|Webiga Pungwe oo ku jira xaalad caadi ah sida laga arkay dayax-gacmeedka NASA [[Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS]] sannadkii 2009.]] == Tributaries == Tributaries-ka bidix ee ugu waaweyn, laga bilaabo kor-webiga ilaa hoos-webiga, waa Nhazonia, Txatola, Vinduzi, iyo Nhandugue-Urema. Tributaries-ka midig waa [[Honde River|Honde]] iyo Muda. == Dhaamka Pungwe == Dhanka maamulka, Dhaamka Pungwe wuxuu daboolaa qaybo ka mid ah gobollada Sofala iyo Manica ee Mozambique, iyo qayb weyn oo ka mid ah [[Mutasa District|Degmada Mutasa]] ee Zimbabwe. Qayb yar oo ka mid ah dhaamka Zimbabwe waxay ku dhacdaa [[Nyanga District|Degmada Nyanga]].<ref name="The Pungwe River Monograph"/> Sannadkii 2003, dadka ku nool dhaamka Mozambique waxaa lagu qiyaasay 1,104,000 oo qof iyo kuwa Zimbabwe 96,000 oo qof.<ref name="The Pungwe River Monograph"/> == Nidaamyada sahayda biyaha == Aagga magaalada [[Beira, Mozambique|Beira]] ee Mozambique waxay biyaha ka heshaa Webiga Pungwe. Baahida biyaha ee 2004 ee sahayda biyaha Beira/Dondo, oo ay ku jireen aagagga Mutua iyo Mafambisse, ayaa lagu qiyaasay {{convert|25,339|m3}}/maalintii. Magaalada [[Mutare]] waxaa laga siiyaa Webiga Pungwe iyada oo loo marayo xarun kala wareejin inter-catchment ah. Qadarka loo wareejiyo ayaa ku kooban ugu badnaan {{convert|0.7|m3/s}} iyadoo la raacayo shuruudaha ruqsadda biyaha iyo naqshadaynta nidaamka. Intaa waxaa dheer, 27 Sebtember 1995, waxaa lagu heshiiyey kulan ay yeesheen wasiirrada Mozambique iyo Zimbabwe ee mas'uulka ka ah arrimaha biyaha in biyaha laga soo saari karo Webiga Pungwe si loo siiyo magaalada Mutare, iyada oo xadka sare uu yahay {{convert|1|m3/s}}. Sidaas darteed, soo saarista go'an ee {{convert|60,480|m3/day|e3ft3/day|abbr=unit}} ee magaalada Mutare ayaa loo qaatay sida baahida biyaha ee Webiga Pungwe. Degmada Reer Miyiga ee Mutasa ayaa sidoo kale la filayaa inay biyaha ka soo saarto dhuumaha Pungwe si ay u siiso tuulooyinka ku teedsan waddooyinkeeda.<ref name="The Pungwe River Monograph"/> Isbeddelka cimilada ayaa la saadaalinayaa inuu u horseedi doono ilaa 10% dhimis ku timaada roobabka sannadlaha ah. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay hoos u dhac ku yimaada qulqulka webiga iyo biyaha la heli karo ee dhaamka Webiga Pungwe, taas oo laga yaabo inay cawaaqib xumo ku yeelato wax soo saarka beeraha. In kasta oo isbeddelka u dhexeeya sannadaha ee qulqulka aan la saadaalinayn inuu si weyn isu beddelo, isbeddelka sannad-gudaha [[Masterplan Beira 2035|ayaa la filayaa inuu kordho]]. Tani waxay ka sii dari doontaa fatahaadaha iyo abaaraha labadaba.<ref name="Andersson et al. 2011"/> == Discharge == Qulqulka Webiga Pungwe ee '''Jangada''' ({{coord|19|26|56.7276|S|34|32|16.2204|E}}). Xilligii laga bilaabo 1998/01/01 ilaa 2023/12/31 (Xigasho: ''The Flood Observatory''):<ref name="The Flood Observatory">{{cite web|url=https://floodobservatory.colorado.edu/SiteDisplays/260.htm|title=The Flood Observatory}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Sannad ! colspan="3" |Celceliska qulqulka (m<sup>3</sup>/s) ! rowspan="2" |Sannad ! colspan="3" |Celceliska qulqulka (m<sup>3</sup>/s) |- !''Celcelis'' !Min !Max !''Celcelis'' !Min !Max |- |1998 |''512'' |165 |1,152 |2011 |''496'' |219 |861 |- |1999 |''817'' |377 |1,570 |2012 |''196'' |28 |553 |- |2000 |''491'' |155 |1,125 |2013 |''471'' |108 |1,068 |- |2001 |''1,351'' |786 |2,388 |2014 |''565'' |199 |991 |- |2002 |''166'' |13 |531 |2015 |''263'' |53 |683 |- |2003 |''131'' |8 |362 |2016 |''329'' |86 |730 |- |2004 |''378'' |116 |839 |2017 |''798'' |304 |1,772 |- |2005 |''232'' |20 |651 |2018 |''800'' |298 |1,453 |- |2006 |''572'' |277 |1,000 |2019 |''1,010'' |297 |2,237 |- |2007 |''458'' |106 |966 |2020 |''647'' |165 |1,315 |- |2008 |''609'' |285 |1,158 |2021 |''884'' |381 |1,863 |- |2009 |''784'' |449 |1,213 |2022 |''524'' |164 |1,224 |- |2010 |''658'' |264 |1,325 |2023 |''718'' |237 |1,463 |} == Tixraac == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Andersson et al. 2011">{{cite journal|last1=Andersson|first1=Lotta|last2=Samuelsson|first2=Patrick|last3=Kjellström|first3=Erik |year=2011 |title=Assessment of climate change impact on water resources in the Pungwe river basin |journal=Tellus A |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=138–157 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00480.x|doi-access=free }}</ref> <ref name=NGIA>{{cite web |url=http://geonames.nga.mil/namesviewer/ |title=GeoNames Search |work=Geographic Names Database |publisher=National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, USA |access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> <ref name="The Pungwe River Monograph">{{cite book |title=The Pungwe River Monograph. Main Report. SWECO Project No: 1150447 |author=SWECO & Associates |date=April 2004 |publisher=Government of the Republic of Mozambique; Government of the Republic of Zimbabwe; Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) |pages=64 pp |no-pp=y |url=http://www.elmed-rostov.ru/Projects/Pungwe%20CD/Reports/eng/Monograph/Monograph%20Main%20Report%20English.pdf |access-date=2026-07-09 |archive-date=2018-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126071157/http://www.elmed-rostov.ru/Projects/Pungwe%20CD/Reports/eng/Monograph/Monograph%20Main%20Report%20English.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928141547/http://www.pungweriver.net/Eng/main/index.htm Pungwe River Project] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061009082830/http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/sseop/EFS/photoinfo.pl?PHOTO=STS61C-37-42 NASA: Earth from Space] * {{cite news |url=https://news.iwlearn.net/biodiversity-and-livelihoods-in-the-pungwe-river-basin-under-threat |title=Biodiversity and Livelihoods in the Pungwe River basin under threat |work=IW:Learn |date=23 May 2024}} gzm87sb8bwimxdpxmk2zuj4k8lydyy4 0 48714 301408 301187 2026-07-10T12:02:38Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301408 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Zhovhe sat.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Sawirka [[satellite image]] oo muujinaya [[Webiga Mzingwane]] oo ku yaal bartamaha iyo Webiga Mtetengwe oo ah tributary-gii ugu dambeeyay ee ku qulqula webigaas dhinaca bari (midigta sawirkan).]] '''Webiga Mtetengwe''' waa tributary ka mid ah [[Webiga Mzingwane|Webiga Mzingwane]] oo ku yaal [[Degmada Beitbridge]], [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]. Waxaa jira laba dhaam oo ku yaal tributaries-kiisa: Dhaamka Tongwe oo ku yaal Webiga Tongwe, kaas oo biyaha u siiya nidaam waraab, iyo Dhaamka Giraffe oo biyaha u siiya lo'da.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Love, D. |author2=Khosa, S. |author3=Mul, M. |author4=Uhlenbrook, S. |author5=van der Zaag, P. |date=2008 |chapter=Modelling upstream&ndash;downstream interactions using a spreadsheet&ndash;based water balance model: two cases from the Limpopo Basin |editor1=Humphreys, E. |editor2=Bayot, R.C. |editor3=van Brakel, M. |editor4=Gichuki, F. |editor5=Svendsen, M. |editor6=Wester, P. |editor7=Huber-Lee, A. |editor8=Cook, S. |editor9=Douthwaite, B. |editor10=Hoanh, C.T. |editor11=Johnson, N. |editor12=Nguyen-Khoa, S. |editor13=Vidal, A. |editor14=MacIntyre, I. |display-editors=3 |title=Fighting Poverty Through Sustainable Water Use: Proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, November 10&ndash;14 2008, '''IV''' |publisher=The Challenge Program on Water and Food, Colombo |pages=15&ndash;21 |ISBN=978-92-990053-2-3 |url=http://www.ifwf2.org/addons/download_presentation.php?fid=1104 |access-date=2009-02-05 |archive-date=2011-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726171759/http://www.ifwf2.org/addons/download_presentation.php?fid=1104 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mtetengwe waa tributary-gii ugu dambeeyay ee dhanka bari kaga biira [[Webiga Mzingwane|Webiga Mzingwane]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|22|00|S|29|56|E|display=title|region:ZW_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} {{Authority control}} pjl8evjlx54vm95456mmmjxc5iwqflx 0 48715 301499 301201 2026-07-10T17:49:54Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 Samee turjumidda bogga "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359484617|Collin County, Texas]]" 301499 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Degmada Collin, Texas</div> |- class="ib-settlement-caption" | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category"> [[County (United States)|Degmada]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_county_tx_courthouse.jpg|270x270px|The Collin County Courthouse in McKinney]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Maxkamadda Degmada Collin ee McKinney </div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" | |} Collin County waa xarunta fadhiga dowlada countyga maamul goboleedka ismaamulka Texas. Sida ay waaxda tiro koobta dowlada Maraykanku sheegtay countyga waxaa ku dhaqan dad kor u dhaafaya 1,064,460. Iyo sidoo kale midka  43aad ee ugu dadka badan wadanka Maraykanaka.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=2020 Population and Housing State Data|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|url-status=live|access-date=August 20, 2021|website=United States Census Bureau|language=EN-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812173619/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|archive-date=August 12, 2021}}</ref> 8xiya8egol0uknyleivlxe5kdv4ek5v 301500 301499 2026-07-10T17:55:44Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301500 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Degmada Collin, Texas</div> |- class="ib-settlement-caption" | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category"> [[County (United States)|Degmada]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_county_tx_courthouse.jpg|270x270px|The Collin County Courthouse in McKinney]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Maxkamadda Degmada Collin ee McKinney </div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" | |} Collin County waa xarunta fadhiga dowlada countyga maamul goboleedka ismaamulka Texas. Sida ay waaxda tiro koobta dowlada Maraykanku sheegtay countyga waxaa ku dhaqan dad kor u dhaafaya 1,064,460. Iyo sidoo kale midka  43aad ee ugu dadka badan wadanka Maraykanaka. McKinney waa deegaanka Collin County.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=2020 Population and Housing State Data|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|url-status=live|access-date=August 20, 2021|website=United States Census Bureau|language=EN-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812173619/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|archive-date=August 12, 2021}}</ref> 3o5ob4wxu8a2x5t5y0wmcw6cqz99pn4 301501 301500 2026-07-10T17:56:43Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301501 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Degmada Collin, Texas</div> |- class="ib-settlement-caption" | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category"> [[County (United States)|Degmada]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_county_tx_courthouse.jpg|270x270px|The Collin County Courthouse in McKinney]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Maxkamadda Degmada Collin ee McKinney </div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" | |} Collin County waa xarunta fadhiga dowlada countyga maamul goboleedka ismaamulka Texas. Sida ay waaxda tiro koobta dowlada Maraykanku sheegtay countyga waxaa ku dhaqan dad kor u dhaafaya 1,064,460. Iyo sidoo kale midka  43aad ee ugu dadka badan wadanka Maraykanaka. McKinney waa deegaanka Collin County.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=2020 Population and Housing State Data|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|url-status=live|access-date=August 20, 2021|website=United States Census Bureau|language=EN-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812173619/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|archive-date=August 12, 2021}}</ref> == Taariikhda == 8d72erah68zla89z00wub448nl1ga3n 301502 301501 2026-07-10T17:57:23Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 code 301502 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Degmada Collin, Texas</div> |- class="ib-settlement-caption" | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category"> [[County (United States)|Degmada]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_county_tx_courthouse.jpg|270x270px|The Collin County Courthouse in McKinney]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Maxkamadda Degmada Collin ee McKinney </div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" | |} Collin County waa xarunta fadhiga dowlada countyga maamul goboleedka ismaamulka Texas. Sida ay waaxda tiro koobta dowlada Maraykanku sheegtay countyga waxaa ku dhaqan dad kor u dhaafaya 1,064,460. Iyo sidoo kale midka  43aad ee ugu dadka badan wadanka Maraykanaka. McKinney waa deegaanka Collin County.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=2020 Population and Housing State Data|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|url-status=live|access-date=August 20, 2021|website=United States Census Bureau|language=EN-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812173619/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|archive-date=August 12, 2021}}</ref> == Taariikhda == == Tixraac == [[Reflist]] pgyrpg7x8b8y4nk40s0xl7uryxinb57 301503 301502 2026-07-10T17:57:37Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301503 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Degmada Collin, Texas</div> |- class="ib-settlement-caption" | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category"> [[County (United States)|Degmada]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_county_tx_courthouse.jpg|270x270px|The Collin County Courthouse in McKinney]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Maxkamadda Degmada Collin ee McKinney </div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" | |} Collin County waa xarunta fadhiga dowlada countyga maamul goboleedka ismaamulka Texas. Sida ay waaxda tiro koobta dowlada Maraykanku sheegtay countyga waxaa ku dhaqan dad kor u dhaafaya 1,064,460. Iyo sidoo kale midka  43aad ee ugu dadka badan wadanka Maraykanaka. McKinney waa deegaanka Collin County.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=2020 Population and Housing State Data|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|url-status=live|access-date=August 20, 2021|website=United States Census Bureau|language=EN-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812173619/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|archive-date=August 12, 2021}}</ref> == Taariikhda == == Tixraac == i80h9b2qoblagaytk86jzcc59up9ss8 301504 301503 2026-07-10T17:58:29Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301504 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Degmada Collin, Texas</div> |- class="ib-settlement-caption" | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category"> [[County (United States)|Degmada]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_county_tx_courthouse.jpg|270x270px|The Collin County Courthouse in McKinney]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Maxkamadda Degmada Collin ee McKinney </div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" | |} Collin County waa xarunta fadhiga dowlada countyga maamul goboleedka ismaamulka Texas. Sida ay waaxda tiro koobta dowlada Maraykanku sheegtay countyga waxaa ku dhaqan dad kor u dhaafaya 1,064,460. Iyo sidoo kale midka  43aad ee ugu dadka badan wadanka Maraykanaka. [[McKinney, Texas|McKinney]] waa deegaanka Collin County.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=2020 Population and Housing State Data|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|url-status=live|access-date=August 20, 2021|website=United States Census Bureau|language=EN-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812173619/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|archive-date=August 12, 2021}}</ref> == Taariikhda == == Tixraac == mf1elpznbacs7lq5q02zkusadegkxmu 301505 301504 2026-07-10T17:59:44Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301505 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Degmada Collin, Texas</div> |- class="ib-settlement-caption" | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category"> [[County (United States)|Degmada]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_county_tx_courthouse.jpg|270x270px|The Collin County Courthouse in McKinney]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Maxkamadda Degmada Collin ee McKinney </div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" | |} Collin County waa xarunta fadhiga dowlada countyga maamul goboleedka ismaamulka Texas. Sida ay waaxda tiro koobta dowlada Maraykanku sheegtay countyga waxaa ku dhaqan dad kor u dhaafaya 1,064,460. Iyo sidoo kale midka  43aad ee ugu dadka badan wadanka Maraykanaka. [[McKinney, Texas|McKinney]] waa deegaanka Collin County.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=2020 Population and Housing State Data|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|url-status=live|access-date=August 20, 2021|website=United States Census Bureau|language=EN-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812173619/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|archive-date=August 12, 2021}}</ref> == Taariikhda == == Shabakadaha Internetka Websites == == Tixraac == 7cgp1yg47gdzmzp1s74qw408k3eb545 301507 301505 2026-07-10T18:02:45Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301507 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Degmada Collin, Texas</div> |- class="ib-settlement-caption" | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category"> [[County (United States)|Degmada]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_county_tx_courthouse.jpg|270x270px|The Collin County Courthouse in McKinney]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Maxkamadda Degmada Collin ee McKinney </div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" | |} Collin County waa xarunta fadhiga dowlada countyga maamul goboleedka ismaamulka Texas. Sida ay waaxda tiro koobta dowlada Maraykanku sheegtay countyga waxaa ku dhaqan dad kor u dhaafaya 1,064,460. Iyo sidoo kale midka  43aad ee ugu dadka badan wadanka Maraykanaka. [[McKinney, Texas|McKinney]] waa deegaanka Collin County.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=2020 Population and Housing State Data|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|url-status=live|access-date=August 20, 2021|website=United States Census Bureau|language=EN-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812173619/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|archive-date=August 12, 2021}}</ref> == Shabakadaha Internetka == [https://www.collincountytx.gov/ collincountytx.gov/] [https://www.collincountytx.gov/services collincountytx.gov/services] Tixraac 4ymvgts4equeuqs88lmzl5ynkomtxrx 301508 301507 2026-07-10T18:06:26Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301508 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Degmada Collin, Texas</div> |- class="ib-settlement-caption" | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category"> [[County (United States)|Degmada]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_county_tx_courthouse.jpg|270x270px|The Collin County Courthouse in McKinney]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Maxkamadda Degmada Collin ee McKinney </div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" | |} Collin County waa xarunta fadhiga dowlada countyga maamul goboleedka ismaamulka Texas. Sida ay waaxda tiro koobta dowlada Maraykanku sheegtay countyga waxaa ku dhaqan dad kor u dhaafaya 1,064,460. Iyo sidoo kale midka  43aad ee ugu dadka badan wadanka Maraykanaka. [[McKinney, Texas|McKinney]] waa deegaanka Collin County. Magaalada Plano waa deegaanka ugu weeyn ee Hennepin County.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=2020 Population and Housing State Data|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|url-status=live|access-date=August 20, 2021|website=United States Census Bureau|language=EN-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812173619/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|archive-date=August 12, 2021}}</ref> == Shabakadaha Internetka == [https://www.collincountytx.gov/ collincountytx.gov/] [https://www.collincountytx.gov/services collincountytx.gov/services] Tixraac 0yk5ytdl6d9jqgo4n7bzgg2sdzte0fv 301509 301508 2026-07-10T18:07:28Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301509 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Degmada Collin, Texas</div> |- class="ib-settlement-caption" | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category"> [[County (United States)|Degmada]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_county_tx_courthouse.jpg|270x270px|The Collin County Courthouse in McKinney]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Maxkamadda Degmada Collin ee McKinney </div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" | |} Collin County waa xarunta fadhiga dowlada countyga maamul goboleedka ismaamulka Texas. Sida ay waaxda tiro koobta dowlada Maraykanku sheegtay countyga waxaa ku dhaqan dad kor u dhaafaya 1,064,460. Iyo sidoo kale midka  43aad ee ugu dadka badan wadanka Maraykanaka. [[McKinney, Texas|McKinney]] waa deegaanka Collin County. Magaalada Plano waa deegaanka ugu weeyn ee Collin County.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=2020 Population and Housing State Data|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|url-status=live|access-date=August 20, 2021|website=United States Census Bureau|language=EN-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812173619/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|archive-date=August 12, 2021}}</ref> == Shabakadaha Internetka == [https://www.collincountytx.gov/ collincountytx.gov/] [https://www.collincountytx.gov/services collincountytx.gov/services] Tixraac qxb7rgd4aaenda4getlnzwdh8gawsas 301511 301509 2026-07-10T18:11:29Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 Samee turjumidda bogga "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359484617|Collin County, Texas]]" 301511 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Degmada Collin, Texas</div> |- class="ib-settlement-caption" | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category"> [[County (United States)|Degmada]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_county_tx_courthouse.jpg|270x270px|The Collin County Courthouse in McKinney]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Maxkamadda Degmada Collin ee McKinney </div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" | |} Collin County waa xarunta fadhiga dowlada countyga maamul goboleedka ismaamulka Texas. Sida ay waaxda tiro koobta dowlada Maraykanku sheegtay countyga waxaa ku dhaqan dad kor u dhaafaya 1,064,460. Iyo sidoo kale midka  43aad ee ugu dadka badan wadanka Maraykanaka. [[McKinney, Texas|McKinney]] waa deegaanka Collin County. Magaalada Plano waa deegaanka ugu weeyn ee Collin County.<ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite book|last=Gannett, Henry|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ|title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States|publisher=Govt. Print. Off.|year=1905|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n85 87]}}</ref> 7qj2t0aykqr4eapxbtofwjujtx1d6qu 301512 301511 2026-07-10T18:14:45Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{db-author}} {{delete | [Duplicate page, another page already exist] }} at the top of it; if it is a page you created yourself, add {{db-author}} {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Degmada Collin, Texas</div> |- class="ib-settlement-caption" | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category"> [[County (United States)|Degmada]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_county_tx_courthouse.jpg|270x270px|The Collin County Courthouse in McKinney]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Maxkamadda Degmada Collin ee McKinney </div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" | |} Collin County waa xarunta fadhiga dowlada countyga maamul goboleedka ismaamulka Texas. Sida ay waaxda tiro koobta dowlada Maraykanku sheegtay countyga waxaa ku dhaqan dad kor u dhaafaya 1,064,460. Iyo sidoo kale midka  43aad ee ugu dadka badan wadanka Maraykanaka. [[McKinney, Texas|McKinney]] waa deegaanka Collin County. Magaalada Plano waa deegaanka ugu weeyn ee Collin County.<ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite book|last=Gannett, Henry|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ|title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States|publisher=Govt. Print. Off.|year=1905|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n85 87]}}</ref> a58dpydk962amrc1kspb0bvs7mpqbkx 0 48717 301473 301207 2026-07-10T13:16:54Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301473 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Degmada 61-aad''' ee '''Aqalka Wakiillada Texas''' waxay ka kooban tahay qayb ka mid ah Degmada Collin, Texas . '''Texas House of Representatives 61st district''' Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waa aqalka hoose ee Baarlamaanka Texas oo laba aqal ah. Waxay ka kooban tahay 150 xubnood oo laga soo doorto degmooyinka hal xubin ka ah muddo laba sano ah. Ma jiraan wax xaddidaad ah oo muddo xileed ah. Aqalka wuxuu ku kulmaa Aqalka Gobolka ee Austin.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=District Population Analysis with County Subtotals|url=https://data.capitol.texas.gov/dataset/71af633c-21bf-42cf-ad48-4fe95593a897/resource/4d3dea56-d572-4794-af00-91975614049b/download/planh2316r100.pdf|access-date=2022-09-25|website=data.capitol.texas.gov|publisher=Texas Legislative Council}}</ref> 5xfxa5xb923fkh8auqbr0njhfd0fvgm 301474 301473 2026-07-10T13:19:28Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301474 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Degmada 61-aad''' ee '''Aqalka Wakiillada Texas''' waxay ka kooban tahay qayb ka mid ah Degmada Collin, Texas . '''Texas House of Representatives 61st district''' Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waa aqalka hoose ee Baarlamaanka Texas oo laba aqal ah. Waxay ka kooban tahay 150 xubnood oo laga soo doorto degmooyinka hal xubin ka ah muddo laba sano ah. Ma jiraan wax xaddidaad ah oo muddo xileed ah. Aqalka wuxuu ku kulmaa Aqalka Gobolka ee Austin.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=District Population Analysis with County Subtotals|url=https://data.capitol.texas.gov/dataset/71af633c-21bf-42cf-ad48-4fe95593a897/resource/4d3dea56-d572-4794-af00-91975614049b/download/planh2316r100.pdf|access-date=2022-09-25|website=data.capitol.texas.gov|publisher=Texas Legislative Council}}</ref> [https://www.votetexas.gov/ Your Guide to Voting in Texas | VoteTexas.gov] dxl2oewbmmm10ngy0efr7b31msk8dim 0 48718 301442 301249 2026-07-10T12:24:38Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301442 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Umchabezi.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Webiga Umchabezi oo ku yaal Siyoka.]] '''Webiga Umchabezi''' waa tributary—waa durdur yar oo quudiya laba webi oo waaweyn; [[Webiga Mzingwane|Webiga Mzingwane]] oo ku yaal [[Degmada Beitbridge]] iyo [[Degmada Gwanda]], [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]. Dhaamka ugu weyn ee ku yaal Umchabezi waxaa la yiraahdaa Dhaamka Makado, kaas oo biyaha u siiya waraabka ganacsiga.<ref>{{cite book |title=Fighting Poverty Through Sustainable Water Use: Proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, November 10–14 2008, '''IV''' |author=Love, D. |author2=Khosa, S. |author3=Mul, M. |author4=Uhlenbrook, S. |author5=van der Zaag, P. |date=2008 |chapter=Modelling upstream–downstream interactions using a spreadsheet–based water balance model: two cases from the Limpopo Basin |editor1=Humphreys, E. |editor2=Bayot, R.C. |editor3=van Brakel, M. |editor4=Gichuki, F. |editor5=Svendsen, M. |editor6=Wester, P. |editor7=Huber-Lee, A. |editor8=Cook, S. |editor9=Douthwaite, B. |editor10=Hoanh, C.T. |editor11=Johnson, N. |editor12=Nguyen-Khoa, S. |editor13=Vidal, A. |editor16=MacIntyre, I. |publisher=The Challenge Program on Water and Food, Colombo |pages=15–21 |ISBN=978-92-990053-2-3 |url=http://www.ifwf2.org/addons/download_presentation.php?fid=1104 |access-date=5 February 2009 |archive-date=2011-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726171759/http://www.ifwf2.org/addons/download_presentation.php?fid=1104 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{coord missing|Zimbabwe}} syhn0yf99db6gm4d68pp2de8cdpz672 0 48721 301430 301254 2026-07-10T12:12:23Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Shashe | image = Shashe at SIS.jpg | image_size = 240px | image_caption = Webiga Shashe oo ku yaal [[Shashi Irrigation Scheme]], [[Zimbabwe]] | source1_location = waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Francistown]], [[Botswana]] | mouth_location = [[Webiga Limpopo]] | subdivision_type1 = Waddan | subdivision_name1 = [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]] | length = | source1_elevation = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|462|e6m3/yr|m3/s cuft/s|abbr=out}}<ref name="Boroto">A.H.M. Görgens and R.A. Boroto. 1997</ref> | basin_size = | tributaries_left = [[Tati River|Webiga Tati]], [[Ramokgwebana River|Webiga Ramokgwebana]], [[Thuli River|Webiga Thuli]] }} {{location map|Botswana|caption=Goobta uu afka ka galo Webiga Shashe ee Webiga Limpopo {{coord|-22.187961|29.354769|display=inline,title}}|lat_deg=-22.187961|lon_deg=29.354769|relief=y|display=title}} '''Webiga Shashe''' (ama '''Webiga Shashi''') waa tributary muhiim ah oo dhanka bidix ka mara [[Webiga Limpopo|Webiga Limpopo]] ee dalka [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]. Waxa uu ka soo bilowdaa waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Francistown|Francistown]], [[Botswana]] wuxuuna ku milmaa Webiga Limpopo meesha ay kulmaan Botswana, Zimbabwe iyo [[South Africa|Koonfur Afrika]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shashe Sub-basin |url=http://www.limpoporak.com/en/river/sub-basin+summaries/Shashe.aspx |access-date=2026-07-10 |archive-date=2012-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031091946/http://www.limpoporak.com/en/river/sub-basin+summaries/Shashe.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Isgoysku waa goobta ay ku taal [[Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area]]. == Biyaha == Shashe waa webi aad u [[ephemeral|xilliyeed]], iyadoo qulqulkiisu guud ahaan ku kooban yahay dhawr maalmood oo ka mid ah sanadka. Webigu wuxuu berkadaa 12.2% ee celceliska sanadlaha ah ee [[surface runoff|qulqulka dushiisa]] ee Dhaamka Limpopo.{{sfn|Görgens|Boroto|1997}} Tributaries-ka waaweyn ee Webiga Shashe waxaa ka mid ah [[Simukwe River|Simukwe]], [[Shashani River|Shashani]], [[Thuli River|Thuli]], [[Tati River|Tati]] iyo [[Ramokgwebana River|Ramokgwebana]]. Shashe-da hoose waa marin ciid ah, oo leh [[aquifer|aquifer-yo]] alluvial ah oo ballaaran oo ku yaal marinka webiga iyo hoosta dhulalka [[alluvial]]. Kuwan ayaa bixiya biyo loogu talagalay tiro ka mid ah qorshayaasha [[irrigation|waraabka]] oo ay ku jiraan [[Sibasa Irrigation Scheme|Sibasa]] iyo [[Shashi Irrigation Scheme|Shashi]]. [[Zambezi river#Geological changes to the course of the Zambezi|In ka badan laba milyan oo sano ka hor]], Webiga [[Zambezi River|Zambezi]] ee Sare wuxuu u qulquli jiray koonfurta iyada oo loo marayo waxa hadda ah [[Makgadikgadi Pan]] (oo hadda ah dhul-qoyan baaxad leh) ilaa Webiga Shashe ka dibna [[Webiga Limpopo|Webiga Limpopo]]. == Deegaannada == Waxaa jira buundo waddo iyo buundo tareen oo ku taal koonfurta [[Francistown|Francistown]]. Webiga Shashe-da hoose wuxuu sameeyaa xadka u dhexeeya Botswana iyo Zimbabwe waana mid aan lahayn buundo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, [[Tuli, Zimbabwe|Tuli]], labada dhinac ee webiga waxay ku yaalaan Zimbabwe waxaana jira laba meelood oo sharci ah oo laga gudbo. Shashi waxay martaa qorshaha waraabka ee Shashi iyo [[Tuli Block]]. == Dhaamyo == [[File:Shashe River in Botswana, a highly ephemeral river.jpg|thumb|left|Webiga Shashe meesha uu ku milmo Webiga Limpopo ee Botswana]] Webiga Shashe waxaa lagu xiray meel u dhow Francistown ee [[Shashe Dam|Dhaamka Shashe]]. Ujeeddadii asalka ahayd waxay ahayd in biyo la siiyo magaalada warshadaha ee [[Selebi-Phikwe|Selebi-Phikwe]].{{sfn|Knight|1990|p=402}} Sannadkii 1982 waxaa la ogaaday in biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ah ee ceelasha maxalliga ah ee Francistown ay lahaayeen heerar sare oo nitrate ah, sidoo kalena ay ku filnaan waayeen si loo daboolo baahida dadweynaha, markaa sahayda biyaha dadweynaha ee magaaladaas waxaa loo beddelay isticmaalka biyaha ka imanaya Dhaamka Shashe.{{sfn|Schmoll|2006|p=284}} Dhaamku wuxuu sidoo kale biyo siiyaa tuulooyinka ku hareeraysan, Phoenix Mine (Tati Nickel Mining Company/Norilsk Nickel) iyo [[Mupane Gold Mine|Mupane Gold Mine]] (IAMGOLD). Hoos u sii socoshada, [[Dikgatlhong Dam|Dhaamka Dikgatlhong]] wuxuu xiray Shashe meel u dhow tuulada [[Robelela|Robelela]], waxaana la dhammaystiray Diseembar 2011.{{sfn|Modikwa|2011}} Marka uu buuxo wuxuu hayn doonaa {{convert|400000000|m3}}. Dhaamka xiga ee ugu weyn Botswana, [[Gaborone Dam|Dhaamka Gaborone]], wuxuu leeyahay awood {{convert|141000000|m3}}.{{sfn|Dikgatlhong dam - Jeffares & Green}} Dhuumaha biyaha ee ka yimaada Dhaamka Dikgatlhong ayaa ku xirmi doona [[North-South Carrier|NSC]] dhuumaha BPT1 taangiga cadaadiska ee [[Moralane|Moralane]]. NSC waxay biyaha u qaadi doontaa koonfurta ilaa [[Gaborone|Gaborone]].{{sfn|Paya, Matsiara, Bettesworth, et al. 2012|p=3}} == Sidoo kale eeg == {{commons category}} * [[Zambezi river#Geological changes to the course of the Zambezi|Isbeddellada juqraafiyeed ee koorsada Webiga Zambezi]] * [[Mathangwane|Tuulada Mathangwane]] * [[Webiga Thuli]] == Tixraac == '''Citations''' {{reflist |colwidth=30em}} '''Sources''' {{refbegin}} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Dikgatlhong dam - Jeffares & Green}} |url=http://www.jgi.co.za/dikgatlhong-dam |title=Dikgatlhong dam |publisher=Jeffares & Green |access-date=2012-09-21 |archive-date=2012-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929190053/http://jgi.co.za/dikgatlhong-dam |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book|last=Knight|first=D.J.|title=Geotechnical Instrumentation in Practice: Purpose, Performance and Interpretation : Proceedings of the Conference Geotechnical Instrumentation in Civil Engineering Projects|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rErL_dyWbBIC&pg=PA402|access-date=2012-09-18|date=1990-06-01|publisher=Thomas Telford|isbn=978-0-7277-1515-9|chapter=The proven usefulness of instrumentation systems on varied dam projects}} *{{cite web |url = http://www.trademarksa.org/news/dikgatlhong-dam-complete-ahead-schedule |title = Dikgatlhong dam complete ahead of schedule |date = 13 December 2011 |last = Modikwa |first = Onalenna |work = Mmegi |access-date = 2012-09-21 |archive-date = 2015-06-21 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150621005906/http://www.trademarksa.org/news/dikgatlhong-dam-complete-ahead-schedule |url-status = dead }} *{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Paya, Matsiara, Bettesworth, et al. 2012}} |url=http://www.ewisa.co.za/literature/files/ID107%20Paper107%20van%20der%20Walt%20M.pdf |title=BOTSWANA'S NORTH SOUTH CARRIER 2 WATER TRANSFER SCHEME |year=2012 |publisher=WISA 2012 conference |author1=B. Paya |author2=G.T. Matsiara |author3=I.J. Bettesworth |author4=M. van der Walt |author5=P. du Plessis |author6=B. Bosman |author7=D. Stephenson |author8=N. Mbayi |author9=A. Keabetswe |access-date=2012-09-22 }} *{{cite book|last=Schmoll|first=Oliver|title=Protecting Groundwater for Health: Managing the Quality of Drinking-Water Sources|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ArldvUKbzJwC&pg=PA284|access-date=2012-09-18|year=2006|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-92-4-154668-3|page=284}} * {{cite journal |last1=Görgens |first1=A.H.M. |last2=Boroto |first2=R.A. |year=1997 |title=River: flow balance anomalies, surprises and implications for integrated water resources management |journal=Proceedings of the 8th South African National Hydrology Symposium, Pretoria, South Africa}} {{refend}} gi8ydflmzf756vi26pdqve8yiz5064q 0 48724 301410 301259 2026-07-10T12:04:00Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301410 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mchabezi GW.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Webiga Mtshabezi oo mara [[Gwanda]].]] [[File:Mtshabezi chemistry.png|thumb|right|150px|[[Piper diagram]] ee muunadaha biyaha ee Webiga Mtshabezi, 2006, oo muujinaya kimisteriga webiga oo ay u badan yihiin kaarboonayt. Isha xogta:<ref>{{cite web | title = Livelihood challenges posed by water quality in the Mzingwane and Thuli river catchments, Zimbabwe | last = Love | first = D. | author2 = Moyce, W. | author3 = Ravengai, S. | date = 2006 | publisher = 7th WaterNet/WARFSA/GWP-SA Symposium, Lilongwe, Malawi | url = http://www.bscw.ihe.nl/pub/bscw.cgi/d2607514/Love.pdf | access-date = 26 January 2009 | archive-date = 24 Bisha Todobaad 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110724154347/http://www.bscw.ihe.nl/pub/bscw.cgi/d2607514/Love.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>]] '''Webiga Mtshabezi''' waa tributary ka mid ah [[Webiga Thuli|Webiga Thuli]] oo ku yaal koonfurta [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]. Isha uu ka soo bilowdo Webiga Mtshabezi ayaa ku taal Matopos Hills, oo ah aag ka kooban granite kopjes iyo dooxooyin kayn ah oo bilaabma qiyaastii 35 kiiloomitir (22 mi) koonfurta Bulawayo, koonfurta Zimbabwe. Wuxuu siiyaa Dhaamka Mtshabezi kaas oo noqday dhaamkii 6-aad ee siiya biyo magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn Zimbabwe, [[Bulawayo|Bulawayo]]. == Tixraac == <references/> {{commons category}} {{coord|-21.0262|28.8487|type:river_region:ZW|format=dms|display=title}} 0hbz75k7inbqalvhfaivf4zg84dmw6n 0 48751 301419 301291 2026-07-10T12:09:45Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name =Webiga Pangani | native_name = {{native name|sw|Mto Pangani}} | image =Pangani River in Bushiri Ward.jpg | image_size = 250 | image_alt = | image_caption = Webiga Pangani ee degmada [[Bushiri]]. | map = Panganirivermap.png | map_size = 250 | map_alt = | map_caption = Khariidadda Webiga Pangani | source1_location = [[Golaha Degmada Arusha, Arusha|Degmada Arusha]], [[Gobolka Arusha]] | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] oo ku taal magaalada [[Pangani]], [[Degmada Pangani]], [[Gobolka Tanga]] | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Waddan | subdivision_name1 = {{Flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Tanga]], [[Gobolka Arusha]], [[Gobolka Manyara]], [[Gobolka Kilimanjaro]] | subdivision_type3 = Degmo | subdivision_name3 = [[Golaha Degmada Arusha]], [[Degmada Meru, Arusha|Degmada Meru]], [[Golaha Magaalada Arusha, Arusha|Golaha Magaalada Arusha]], [[Degmada Hai, Kilimanjaro|Degmada Hai]], [[Degmada Moshi, Kilimanjaro|Degmada Moshi]], [[Degmada Mwanga, Kilimanjaro|Degmada Mwanga]], [[Degmada Same, Kilimanjaro|Degmada Same]], [[Degmada Korogwe, Tanga|Degmada Korogwe]], [[Golaha Magaalada Korogwe, Tanga|Magaalada Korogwe]], [[Degmada Muheza, Tanga|Degmada Muheza]], [[Degmada Pangani]], | length = 500km | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|27|m3/s|abbr=on}} | basin_size = {{convert|43650|km2|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite book | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NW9bRbbgft8C&q=River+Mkomazi+tansania&pg=PA1 |title=Pangani basin: a situation analysis |year=2003 |isbn=9782831707600 |access-date=10 December 2011}}</ref> | river_system = | tributaries_left = [[Mkomazi, Pangani|Mkomazi]]; [[Luengera]] | tributaries_right = Lumoromo; Fukda; Mkalami }} [[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-157-47.jpg|thumb|Qorshaha Korontada Biyaha ee Pangani]] '''Webiga Pangani''' (''Mto Pangani'', af [[Af-Sawaaxili|Sawaaxili]]), (sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Luffu''' iyo '''Jipe Ruvu''', gaar ahaan ilaha hore, iyo malaha mar hore loo yaqaan '''Rhaptus''') waa webi weyn oo ku yaal waqooyi-bari [[Tanzania]]. Waxay leedahay laba ilood oo waaweyn:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ub.bildarchiv-dkg.uni-frankfurt.de/Bildprojekt/Lexikon/php/suche_db.php?suchname=Pangani |title=Entry "Pangani" in the German Koloniallexikon |access-date=2011-12-10 |archive-date=2014-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011083932/http://www.ub.bildarchiv-dkg.uni-frankfurt.de/Bildprojekt/Lexikon/php/suche_db.php?suchname=Pangani |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Ruvu Jipe River|Ruvu]], oo u kacda sidii [[Webiga Lumi, Tanzania|Lumi]] oo ku taal [[Kilimanjaro]], oo marta [[Harada Jipe]], oo ku shubta [[Kaydka Nyumba ya Mungu]], iyo [[Webiga Kikuletwa]], oo ka yimaada galbeedka oo inta badan ay quudiyaan webiyada [[Buurta Meru (Tanzania)|Buurta Meru]] ee [[Gobolka Arusha]], kaas oo sidoo kale gala Kaydka Nyumba ya Mungu ee [[Gobolka Kilimanjaro]]. Isla markii ay ka baxdo kaydka, durdurku wuxuu noqdaa Pangani-da ugu weyn, kaas oo ku shuba [[Badweynta Hindiya]] ee [[Gobolka Tanga]] magaalada dekedda ah ee Tangan ee [[Pangani]].<ref name="INTELLIGENCER1852">{{cite book|title=THE CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCER|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rhYFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA93|access-date=8 October 2011|edition=Hadda waa qayb ka mid ah hantida guud.|year=1852|pages=93–}}</ref> Inta badan dhererkeeda webigu wuxuu u qulqulaa xuduudaha gobolka ee [[Gobolka Kilimanjaro]] iyo [[Gobolka Manyara]], ka hor inta uusan u qulqulin [[Gobolka Tanga]], oo ka kooban 68 MW Pangani Power Station iyo [[Pangani Falls Dam]]. Waxaa jira dhowr jasiiradood oo dad ku nool yihiin gudaha webiga. Webigu wuxuu ka buuxaa yaxaas; hippopotami-ga ayaa ku yar qaybihiisa hoose. == Eraybixinta == Isha ugu weyn ee Pangani waxay ka soo jeedaa Kilimanjaro, halkaas oo ay tahay [[Webiga Lumi, Tanzania|Webiga Lumi]]. Harada Jipe waxaa loo tixgelin karaa inay tahay meel dib u celin ah oo Lumi ah.<ref name="Meyer1891">{{cite book|last=Meyer|first=Hans|title=Across East African glaciers: an account of the first ascent of Kilimanjaro|url=https://archive.org/details/acrosseastafric00meyegoog|access-date=11 October 2011 |year=1891|publisher=G. Philip & son|pages=[https://archive.org/details/acrosseastafric00meyegoog/page/n431 321]–}}</ref> Harada Jipe hoosteeda iyo biyo-dhaca korkooda, webiga waxaa loogu yeeraa "Ruvu".<ref name="BritainShaw1875">{{cite journal |last=New |first=Charles |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London |title=Journey from the Pangani, via Wadigo, to Mombasa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nQMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA318 |year=1875 |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=317–323|doi=10.2307/1799979|jstor=1799979 }}</ref> Markii hore koorsada ugu weyn ee dhinaca badda waxaa loo bixiyay "Ruvu" iyo "Pangani".<ref>fiiri khariidadda [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/east_africa_500k/txu-pclmaps-oclc-6590061-mombasa-sb-37-2.jpg Sheet SB 37/2, Series Y401, by War Office 1946] ee 1946 iyo khariidaddan 1960 [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/east_africa_250k/txu-pclmaps-oclc-6595692-lushoto-sb-37-2.jpg Sheet SB-37-2 Series Y503, Edition 1-TSD, Published by the Survey Division, Ministry of Lands, Survey and Water, Tanganyika 1960], labaduba waxay muujinayaan "Pangani ama Webiga Ruvu" magac ahaan</ref> Maalmahan taas waxaa loo dejiyay "Pangani" laga bilaabo kaydka Nyumba ya Mungu ilaa Badweynta. Inkasta oo [[Sawaaxili (luuqad)|Sawaaxiliga]] ay ugu yeeraan "''Pangani''" (macnaheedu yahay qaybi ama habeeyo),<ref name="Hodd2002" /> waxaa loogu yeeraa "''Luffu''" by [[Wasambara]] (kuwa asal ahaan ka soo jeeda aagga Nderema, oo ku yaal saddexda buur ee xeebta u dhow) iyo [[Luuqada Zigua|Zigua]] (oo ku nool jasiiradaha webiga).<ref name="INTELLIGENCER1852" /><ref name="BritainShaw1875" /> Ku dhawaad dhammaan maamuladu waxay isku raaceen in webiga "Rhaptus" ee [[Ptolemy]]'s [[topography|topographical]] khariidadaha uu yahay Pangani ee khariidadaha casriga ah.<ref name="Proceedings1891">{{cite book|author=Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain)|title=Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and monthly record of geography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zv4QAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA524|access-date=8 October 2011|edition=Hadda waa qayb ka mid ah hantida guud.|year=1891|publisher=Edward Stanford|pages=524–}}</ref> == Juqraafi == Pangani waa {{convert|500|km}} dhererkeedu yahay.<ref name="iwmnet.eu">{{cite web|url=http://www.iwmnet.eu/index.php/research/pangani-basin|title=Pangani Basin|publisher=IWMNet|access-date=12 October 2011|archive-date=18 Bisha Labaad 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218024206/http://www.iwmnet.eu/index.php/research/pangani-basin|url-status=dead}}</ref> ; Isha Hal il oo ka mid ah webiga ayaa ka soo kacda Kilimanjaro, qiyaastii {{convert|120|mi}} badda. Waxaa loo yaqaanaa Lumi aaggan, koorsadeedu waxay martaa Harada Jipe. Midda kale waxay ku taal Buurta Meru ee galbeedka waxaana loo yaqaan [[Webiga Kikuletwa|Kikuletwa]]. Sida dhammaan webiyada Afrika, qoto-dheerideedu way kala duwan tahay xilliga. Webigu waa kii ugu sarreeyay qiyaastii Maajo iyo kii ugu hooseeyay qiyaastii Oktoobar. Isha kale waa [[Webiga Saunyi]] oo ku taal [[Degmada Kilindi, Tanga|Degmada Kilindi]]. [[File:Bushiri Pangani District.jpg|thumb|Webiga Pangani oo dhex mara degmada Bushiri ee Degmada Pangani]] ; Qaybta dhexe Waa loo mari karaa doomaha yaryar inta u dhaxaysa harada iyo [[Ludwig von Höhnel|Höhnel Cataracts]], oo ah taxane durdurro ah.<ref name="Lewin1924">{{cite book|last=Lewin|first=Evans|title=Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ajWmBSO_vH8C|access-date=11 October 2011|edition=Hadda waa qayb ka mid ah hantida guud.|year=1924|publisher=Clarendon press|page=108}}</ref> Höhnel Cataracts hoosteeda, waxay leedahay wabi-gacmeedyo badan, iyo jasiirado badan oo ay tuulooyin ku yaalliin. Durdurku wuxuu ugu xoog badan yahay [[Koleni]] korkiisa, 5 mayl gudahood ee biyo-dhaca Pangani, halkaas oo webigu uu cidhiidhi yahay. Qaybtan looma mari karo masaafad aad u fog iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay biyo-dhaca, kuwaas oo qiyaastii {{convert|30|mi}} u jira afka. Qiyaastii {{convert|4|mi}} afka, [[dhiiqo mangrove]] oo cufan ayaa daboolaya dhulka siman ee u dhexeeya buuraha labada dhinac. Aaggan, meel u dhow Teufelsfelsen, waxaa jira dhul sare, aag bacrin ah, iyo [[Masai Steppe]] oo qallalan.<ref name="iwmnet.eu" /> Bangigan waxaa ku yaal Buurta Kovu Kovu, {{convert|360|ft}} dhererkeedu yahay, halka bangiga koonfureed uu yahay buur {{convert|400|ft}} sare leh. [[Pombwe]], oo ah mid ka mid ah tuulooyinka waaweyn ee webiga, waxay ku taal qiyaastii {{convert|1|mi}} galbeedka Kovu Kovu. Pombwe korkiisa, timirta saliidda ee Galbeedka Afrika way kortaa, halka Pombwe hoostiisa, geedaha ay inta badan yihiin areca iyo qumbaha.<ref name="AfricaPilot1916">{{cite book|author=United States. Hydrographic Office|title=Africa Pilot: South and east coasts of Africa from Cape of Good Hope to Ras Hafun|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_O9MNAQAAMAAJ|access-date=8 October 2011|edition=Hadda waa qayb ka mid ah hantida guud.|year=1916|publisher=Hydrographic office under the authority of the secretary of the navy|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_O9MNAQAAMAAJ/page/n402 392]–}}</ref> Tuulada Lemkuna iyo tuulada yari ee Ngage waxay ku yaalliin bangiga galbeedka webiga, halka Mvungwe iyo Meserani ay ku yaalliin bangiga bari.<ref name="Catchment ">{{cite book|title=Catchment ecosystems and downstream water : the value of water resources in the Pangani basin, Tanzania|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QmHvdkVNLEgC&pg=PA34|access-date=11 October 2011|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-955-8177-49-5|pages=34–}}</ref> ; Afka Afka wuxuu ku yaal {{convert|52|km}} koonfurta [[Tanga, Tanzania|Tanga]].<ref name="Hodd2002">{{cite book|last=Hodd|first=Michael|title=East Africa handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wCFrdRKB8hYC&pg=PA383|access-date=11 October 2011|date=22 March 2002|isbn=978-1-900949-65-1|pages=383–}}</ref> Webigu waa hir-biyo-socod masaafad dhan {{convert|22|mi}} laga bilaabo laga soo galo.<ref name="AfricaPilot1916" /> Dhinaca koonfureed ee laga soo galo waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay buur toosan oo loo yaqaan Bweni, qiyaastii {{convert|200|ft}} sare; waxaa jira tuulo isku magac ah, Bweni, oo halkan ku taal. Dhinaca waqooyi ee laga soo galo waa xeeb carro leh oo fidsan oo ka soo bilaabata madaxa gacanka. Waxaa jira dhowr tuulo oo ku yaal laga soo galo, laba dhinaca waqooyi iyo laba dhinaca koonfureed. Taariikh ahaan, magaalada [[Pangani]], oo ku taal bangiga bidix ee webiga, waxay caan ku ahayd qandhooyinka.<ref name="Africapilot1878" /> [[Estuary]]-giisa, oo ku taal magaalada Pangani, webigu waa qiyaastii {{convert|600|ft}} ballac ah, iyo {{convert|12|-|15|ft}} qoto dheer. ; Wabi-gacmeedyada Dhowr wabi-gacmeed oo ka yimaada [[Buuraha Pare]], [[Buuraha Usambara]] iyo duurjoogta [[Wasegiia]] ayaa ku biira Pangani koorsadiisa. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah Kibaya, Komkuza, Kwachigulu, Kwamwadyau iyo Mnyusi.<ref name="Journal1959">{{cite book|title=Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w6xLAQAAIAAJ|access-date=8 October 2011|year=1959|publisher=Staples and Staples, Ltd.|page=40}}</ref> == Hydrometry == Celceliska qulqulka billaha ah ee Pangani oo lagu cabbiray saldhigga biyaha ee [[Korogwe]] Estate, qiyaastii 110&nbsp;km kor ka xigta afka m³ / s (1959–77).<ref name="GRDC">[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1289200.html GRDC - Pangani ee Korogwe]</ref> Qulqulka Pangani wuxuu kiciyaa waqti-ku-tiirsanaan, sida inta badan webiyada gobolka. <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:280 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:40 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:10 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:5 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Janaayo bar:Fév text:Febraayo bar:Mar text:Maarso bar:Avr text:Abriil bar:Mai text:Maajo bar:Jun text:Juun bar:Jul text:Juulaay bar:Aoû text:Agoosto bar:Sep text:Sebt. bar:Oct text:Okt. bar:Nov text:Noof. bar:Déc text:Dis. PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 29 bar:Fév from:0 till: 22 bar:Mar from:0 till: 23 bar:Avr from:0 till: 33 bar:Mai from:0 till: 39 bar:Jun from:0 till: 33 bar:Jul from:0 till: 28 bar:Aoû from:0 till: 25 bar:Sep from:0 till: 21 bar:Oct from:0 till: 21 bar:Nov from:0 till: 25 bar:Déc from:0 till: 23 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 29 fontsize:S text: 29 shift:(-10,5) bar:Fév at: 22 fontsize:S text: 22 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 23 fontsize:S text: 23 shift:(-10,5) bar:Avr at: 33 fontsize:S text: 33 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mai at: 39 fontsize:S text: 39 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 33 fontsize:S text: 33 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 28 fontsize:S text: 28 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aoû at: 25 fontsize:S text: 25 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 21 fontsize:S text: 21 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 21 fontsize:S text: 21 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 25 fontsize:S text: 25 shift:(-10,5) bar:Déc at: 23 fontsize:S text: 23 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> == Basin-ka Pangani == Basin-ka Pangani (PB) waa mid ka mid ah sagaalka basin ee biyaha ee Tanzania. Isaga oo ka fidsan dhulalka sare ee waqooyiga ilaa xeebta waqooyi-bari ee Tanzania, PB waa qiyaastii {{convert|56300|km2}} cabbirkeedu, kaas oo {{convert|4880|km2}} uu ku jiro gudaha Kenya.<ref>{{cite book | last1=Bhatt | first1=Yogesh Chandra | last2=Bossio | first2=Deborah | last3=Enfors | first3=E. | last4=Gordon | first4=L. | last5=Kongo | first5=V. | last6=Kosgei | first6=J. R. | last7=Makurira | first7=H. | last8=Masuki | first8=K. | last9=Mul | first9=M. | last10=Tumbo | first10=S. D. | title=Smallholder system innovations in integrated watershed management (SSI): Strategies of water for food and environmental security in drought-prone tropical and subtropical agro-ecosystems | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O9qZIXK-XtIC&pg=PA10 | access-date=8 October 2011 | year=2006 | publisher=[[Hay'adda Caalamiga ah ee Maareynta Biyaha]] | isbn=978-92-9090-634-6 | page=10}}</ref> Shan wabi-gacmeed ayaa ka kooban basin-ka: Webiga Pangani ({{convert|43650|km2}}), [[Webiga Umba (Tanzania)|Webiga Umba]] ({{convert|8070|km2}}), [[Webiga Msangazi]] ({{convert|5030|km2}}), [[Webiga Zigi]], iyo [[Webiga Mkulumuzi]] oo lagu daray webiyada kale ee xeebta ({{convert|2080|km2}}).<ref name="MiniGrids">{{cite web | url=http://www.minigrids.go.tz/en/Directory/Details/c4c1761f-fdb3-41d1-9aff-a79876e21663 | title=Pangani Basin Water Board | publisher=Mini Grids Information Portal | access-date=1 July 2018 | archive-date=27 Bisha Saddexaad 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327112041/http://www.minigrids.go.tz/en/Directory/Details/c4c1761f-fdb3-41d1-9aff-a79876e21663 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Dhammaantood waxay ku shubaan Badweynta Hindiya.<ref name="PBWB"/> [[Guddiga Biyaha ee Pangani Basin]] (PBWB) waxaa la aasaasay bishii Luulyo 1991 iyadoo la raacayo Xeerka Isticmaalka Biyaha (Xakamaynta iyo Nidaaminta) No. 42 ee 1974. Xarunteedu waxay ku taal degmada [[Moshi, Tanzania|Moshi]] ee Gobolka Kilimanjaro. Labadeeda xafiis ee kale waxay ku yaallaan [[Arusha]] iyo [[Tanga, Tanzania|Tanga]].<ref name="PBWB">{{cite web | url=http://www.panganibasin.com/ | title=Pangani Basin | publisher=Pangani Basin Water Board | access-date=9 October 2011 | archive-date=21 Bisha Tobnaad 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021212915/http://www.panganibasin.com/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> PBWB waxay ka kooban tahay toban xirfadlayaal oo ka socda hay'adaha dadweynaha iyo qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay LGAs, UWSAs, iyo guddiyo kale.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} Nidaamka webiga ayaa cadaadis ku jira sababtoo ah isticmaalka biyaha ee is khilaafsan iyo guud ahaan qorshaynta xad-dhaafka ah ee biyaha. Beeraley badan ayaa ku tiirsan webiga waraabka. Mashaariicda biyo-xireennada ee webiga agtiisa ayaa hoos u dhigay qulqulka webiga laga bilaabo dhowr boqol oo mitir kuyuubik ilbiriqsi ilaa in ka yar {{convert|40|m3/s}}. Tani waxay saamaysay bulshooyinka xeebaha, kuwaas oo arkay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid dadka kalluunka iyo soo gelitaanka biyaha cusbada leh<ref name="IUCN">{{cite web | url=http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/water/wp_where_we_work/wp_our_work_projects/wp_our_work_pan/ | title=Pangani River Basin | publisher=[[Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Ilaalinta Dabeecadda]] | access-date=1 July 2018}}</ref> Sannadkii 2002, [[Mashruuca Maareynta Basin-ka Webiga Pangani]] waxaa la aasaasay si loo maareeyo khayraadka biyaha ee basin-ka. Waxay ka heshaa caawimo farsamo [[Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Ilaalinta Dabeecadda]] (IUCN), [[SNV Netherlands Development Organisation]], [[GIZ German Development Organisation]] iyo ururka aan dawliga ahayn ee deegaanka [[PAMOJA]].<ref name="IUCN"/> Mashruucu wuxuu sidoo kale ka helaa lacag dawladda Tanzania, IUCN, [[Guddiga Yurub]], iyo [[Global Environment Facility]] iyada oo loo marayo [[Barnaamijka Horumarinta ee Qaramada Midoobay]].<ref name="IUCN"/> == Ganacsi == Waxaa jira ganacsi wanaagsan halkan, dhows-ka oo rarta oo soo dejinaya webiga. Dalagyada waxaa loo keenaa webiga, ugu horrayn on rafts ka samaysan Moale timirta, kuwaas oo markaas la jebiyey oo noqda maqaallo ganacsi. Sannadkii 1878, dalagga ugu badan ee laga beero bangiyada webiga ayaa la sheegay inuu yahay sonkor.<ref name="Africapilot1878">{{cite book|author=Great Britain. Hydrographic Office|title=Africa pilot: South and east coasts of Africa, from the Cape of Good Hope to Cape Guardafui, including the islands in Mozambique Channel|url=https://archive.org/details/africapilot02offigoog|access-date=8 October 2011|edition=Hadda waa qayb ka mid ah hantida guud.|year=1878|publisher=Printed for the Hydrographic Office, Admiralty|pages=[https://archive.org/details/africapilot02offigoog/page/n339 327], 328–}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist|2}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category}} *[https://1.bp.blogspot.com/_HlrMnhN16wo/TJpJQSLfKTI/AAAAAAAAAaQ/B093LT_qbUs/s1600/eamap.jpg Khariidadda muujinaysa webiga] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120405214734/http://www.svt.ntnu.no/geo/Forskning/Pangani/Bilder/Pang_medium_ok.gif Khariidadda muujinaysa basin-ka webiga] {{Coord|5|26|S|38|58|E|display=title|region:TZ_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} rgxgfbyot27b9sbntpmmoxmnf0cckar 0 48752 301423 301292 2026-07-10T12:10:07Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Rufiji | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = SelousSandRivers.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Rufiji ee Selous | map = Rufiji River basin map.svg | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda basin-ka qulqulka Webiga Rufiji. Basin-ka goonida ah ee Lake Sulunga waxaa lagu muujiyey cagaar. | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddan | subdivision_name1 = [[Tanzania]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Pwani]] | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Gobolka Morogoro]] | subdivision_type4 = Gobol | subdivision_name4 = [[Gobolka Iringa]] | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|600|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Webiga Great Ruaha]] | source1_location = [[Tanzania]] | source1_coordinates= <!--{{coord|0|0|0|S|0|0|0|E|display=inline}}--> | source1_elevation = | source2 = [[Webiga Kilombero]] | source2_location = [[Gobolka Morogoro]] | source2_coordinates= | source2_elevation = | source3 = [[Webiga Luwegu]] | source3_location = [[Gobolka Morogoro]] | source3_coordinates= | source3_elevation = | mouth = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Gobolka Pwani]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7|46|26|S|39|21|50|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{Convert|177429|sqkm|sqmi|0}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Rufiji''' wuxuu gebi ahaanba ku yaal [[Tanzania]]. Waa webiga ugu weyn uguna dheer dalka, waxaana sameeyay isku biiritaanka [[Webiga Kilombero|Kilombero]] iyo webiga Luwegu. Wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii {{convert|600|km|mi}}, iyada oo isha ay ku taal koonfur-galbeed Tanzania, wuxuuna ku dhammaadaa [[Badweynta Hindiya]], ka soo horjeedka [[Jasiiradda Mafia]], ee [[Gobolka Pwani]]. Wabi-gacmeedkiisa ugu weyn waa [[Webiga Great Ruaha]]. Waxaa loo mari karaa doomaha qiyaastii {{convert|100|km|mi}}. Webiga Rufiji wuxuu qiyaastii {{convert|200|km|mi}} koonfur ka xigaa [[Dar es Salaam]]. [[River delta|Delta-ga webiga]] wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[kaynta mangrove]] ee ugu weyn bariga Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bscw-app1.let.ethz.ch/pub/nj_bscw.cgi/d11576989/Snoussi_2007_Downstream_and.pdf |title="Downstream and Coastal Impacts of Damming and Water Abstraction in Africa", ''Environmental Management'', authored by Maria Snoussi, Johnson Kitheka, Yohanna Shaghude, Alioune Kane, Russell Arthurton, Martin Le Tissier, and Hassan Virji, 2007, volume 39, page 589 |access-date=2015-10-18 |archive-date=2014-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821041140/http://bscw-app1.let.ethz.ch/pub/nj_bscw.cgi/d11576989/Snoussi_2007_Downstream_and.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Taariikh == Laan ka mid ah [[jidadka badda]] ee qadiimiga ah ayaa hoos u martay xeebta Bariga Afrika oo loo yaqaan "Azania" by Giriigga iyo Roomaanka qarnigii 1-aad CE sida lagu sharraxay [[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]] (iyo, malaha, {{lang-zh|澤散|Zesan}} qarnigii 3-aad by Shiinaha),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/weilue/weilue.html |title=The Peoples of the West |translator=Hill, John E. |date=September 2004 |work=from the Weilue 魏略 by Yu Huan 魚豢 |publisher=[[Jaamacadda Washington]] |access-date=2009-04-18}}</ref> ugu yaraan ilaa dekedda loo yaqaan Roomaanka sida [[Rhapta]], kaas oo malaha ku yaal delta-ga Webiga Rufiji ee [[Tanzania]] casriga ah.<ref>"The Egypto-Graeco-Romans and Panchea/Azania: sailing in the Erythraean Sea." Felix A. Chami. In: ''Society for Arabian Studies Monographs 2 Trade and Travel in the Red Sea Region''. Proceedings of Red Sea Project I held in the British Museum October 2002, pp. 93-104. Edited by Paul Lunde and Alexandra Porter. {{ISBN|1-84171-622-7}}.</ref> Intii lagu jiray [[Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]], laga soo bilaabo Oktoobar 1914 ilaa Luulyo 1915, delta-ga webiga wuxuu ahaa goobta [[Dagaalkii Rufiji Delta|hawlgallada badda ee dheer]]. Kuwani waxay ahaayeen isku daygii, iyo guushii dambe, ee [[Royal Navy]] si ay u dhexdhexaadiyaan oo u burburiyaan markabkii dagaalka ee Jarmalka [[SMS Königsberg (1905)|''Königsberg'']]. == Basin == Basin-ka qabashada ee nidaamka Webiga Rufiji waa {{Convert|177429|sqkm|sqmi|0}}.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Arvidson, Anders|title=Initial Assessment of Socioeconomic and Environmental Risks and Opportunities of Large-scale Biofuels Production in the Rufiji District|date=May 2009|publisher=SEKAB BioEnergy (T) Ltd|page=23|url=http://www.tabef.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Risk-Assessment-of-SEKABscluster-approach-in-Rufiji-District-2805091.pdf|display-authors=etal|access-date=2015-10-18|archive-date=2012-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910175844/http://www.tabef.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Risk-Assessment-of-SEKABscluster-approach-in-Rufiji-District-2805091.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" border="3" style="margin-left: 3em;" style="margin-right: 3em;" |+ Aagga qabashada Basin-ka Rufiji |- ! scope="col" | Webiga ! scope="col" | Aagga<br>km<sup>2</sup> ! scope="col" | Boqolkiiba<br>aagga ! scope="col" | Boqolkiiba<br>qulqulka |- ! scope="row" | Great Ruaha |align="right"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;83,970 |align="right"| 47 |align="right"| 15 |- ! scope="row" | Kilombero |align="right"| 39,990 |align="right"| 23 |align="right"| 62 |- ! scope="row" | Luwegu |align="right"| 26,300 |align="right"| 15 |align="right"| 18 |- ! scope="row" | Rufiji (webiga hoose) |align="right"| 27,160 |align="right"| 15 |align="right"| 5 |- |- ! scope="row" | Wadarta |align="right"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;177,429 |align="right"| 100 |align="right"| 100 |} == Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha == {{Main|Julius Nyerere Hydropower Station}} Madaxweynaha Tanzania [[John Magufuli]] ayaa ansixiyay dhismaha biyo-xireen muran dhaliyay<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hoag |first1=Heather J. |last2=Öhman |first2=May-Britt |year=2008 |title=Turning water into power: Debates over the Development of Tanzania's Rufiji River Basin, 1945-1985 |journal=Technology and Culture |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=624–651 |doi=10.1353/tech.0.0061 |pmid=18831291 |s2cid=27222691}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Siderius |first1=Christian |display-authors=etal |year=2021 |chapter=Chapter 6: High Stakes Decisions Under Uncertainty: Dams, Development and Climate Change in the Rufiji River Basin |editor1-last=Conway |editor1-first=Declan |editor2-last=Vincent |editor2-first=Katharine |title=Climate Risk in Africa: Adaptation and Resilience |location=[[Cham, Switzerland]] |publisher=Palgrave Macmillian |pages=93–113 |isbn=978-3-030-61159-0 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-61160-6_6 |s2cid=234340454}}</ref> cusub iyo [[saldhig koronto]] oo ku yaal webiga ee Stiegler's Gorge.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Tanzania to Construct Hydropower Plant on National Reserve |newspaper=[[Voice of America]] |date=July 26, 2019}}</ref> Saldhigga korontada ayaa la filayaa inuu bixiyo 2,100 megawatts oo koronto ah, oo ka badan saddex jeer korontada biyaha ee Tanzania hadda jirta oo ah 562 megawatts.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tairo |first=Apolinari |date=July 26, 2019 |title=Tanzania launches Rufiji power plant |newspaper=[[The EastAfrican]]}}</ref> Dhismaha biyo-xireenka ayaa bilaabmay July 26, 2019, waxaana la filayaa inuu diyaar noqdo 2022.<ref name="Takouleu">{{Cite news|last=Takouleu |first=Jean Marie |date=24 July 2019 |title=Stiegler's Gorge dam construction begins on July 26 |publisher=Afrik 21}}</ref> == Gallery == <gallery> File:Rufiji River Selous Game Reserve.jpg|Qorraxda oo daruuraha dhex-maraysa oo ku taal webiga. File:Rufiji River, Selous.jpg|Webiga Rufiji ee [[Selous Game Reserve]]. File:ElefantenAmRufiji.jpg|Maroodiyaal ku taal webiga. File:Along the Rufiji River in Selous Game Reserve (3) (28420159914).jpg|Bangiga webiga </gallery> == Muhiimadda Deegaanka == Webiga Rufiji waa webiga ugu weyn Tanzania marka loo eego aagga basin-ka wuxuuna sameeyaa Rufiji Delta oo ballaaran ka hor inta uusan gelin Badweynta Hindiya. Delta-ga wuxuu ka kooban yahay mid ka mid ah kaymaha mangrove ee ugu weyn ee joogtada ah ee bariga Afrika wuxuuna bixiyaa hoy dad badan oo kalluun, shimbir, xamaarato, iyo noocyo naasley ah.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Nagelkerken |first=I. |year=2018 |title=The changing hydro-ecological dynamics of rivers and deltas of the Western Indian Ocean |journal=Comptes Rendus Geoscience |doi=10.1016/j.crte.2017.09.004}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |title=Rufiji Basin Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Plan |year=2015 |publisher=Wasaaradda Biyaha, Tanzania}}</ref> Webigu wuxuu keenaa biyo macaan, fadhiid, iyo nafaqooyin oo taageera kalluumeysiga xeebaha iyo nidaamyada deegaanka mangrove. Fatahaadda xilliyeedka ayaa sidoo kale taageerta beeraha daadadka waxayna dib u buuxisaa dhul-qoyan basin-ka hoose oo dhan.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Nagelkerken |first=I. |year=2018 |title=The changing hydro-ecological dynamics of rivers and deltas of the Western Indian Ocean |journal=Comptes Rendus Geoscience |doi=10.1016/j.crte.2017.09.004}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=McClain |first=M. E. |year=2013 |title=Ecohydrology of tropical rivers |journal=Hydrological Processes}}</ref> Horumarinta korontada biyaha ee basin-ka Rufiji ee sare, oo ay ku jirto Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Julius Nyerere, ayaa dhalisay dood ku saabsan saameynta suurtagalka ah ee nidaamyada qulqulka ee hoos u dhaca, gaadiidka fadhiidka, kala duwanaanshaha noolaha, iyo daacadnimada deegaanka ee Rufiji Delta.<ref>{{cite report |title=Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the Julius Nyerere Hydropower Project |year=2019 |publisher=Dawladda Tanzania}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Winemiller |first=K. O. |year=2016 |title=Balancing hydropower and biodiversity in tropical rivers |journal=Science |volume=351 |issue=6269 |pages=128–129 |doi=10.1126/science.aac7082}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Akhris dheeraad ah == * [[Felix A. Chami|Chami, F. A.]] 1999. "The Early Iron Age on Mafia island and its relationship with the mainland." ''Azania'' Vol. XXXIV 1999, pp.&nbsp;1–10. * Chami, Felix A. 2002. "The Egypto-Graeco-Romans and Panchea/Azania: sailing in the Erythraean Sea." In: ''Society for Arabian Studies Monographs 2 Trade and Travel in the Red Sea Region''. Proceedings of Red Sea Project I held in the British Museum October 2002, pp.&nbsp;93–104. Edited by Paul Lunde and Alexandra Porter. {{ISBN|1-84171-622-7}}. * Miller, J. Innes. 1969. Chapter 8: "The Cinnamon Route". In: ''The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire''. Oxford: University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-814264-1}} * Ray, Himanshu Prabha, ed. 1999. ''Archaeology of Seafaring: The Indian Ocean in the Ancient Period''. Pragati Publications, Delhi. == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120813015647/http://www.waterandnature.org/en/resources/publications/thematic-collection/facts-figures/watersheds-world Khariidadda basin-ka Webiga Rufiji ee Water Resources eAtlas] gqehe9o8aftfivqzaypmteo563o09iw 0 48753 301424 301293 2026-07-10T12:10:08Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ruvubu | image_caption = Ruvubu oo ku taal meesha ay isugu tagaan Kagera sida laga arkay Rwanda. Ruvubu waxay ka timaadaa bidixda sawirka. | map = Kagera catchment OSM.svg | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|2|23|23|S|30|46|52|E|display=it}} | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|1322|m}} | other_name = Rurubu, Ruvuvu | subdivision_type1 = Waddamo | length = {{cvt|313.8|km}}<ref name="HydroATLAS">{{Cite journal |last=Linke |first=Simon |last2=Lehner |first2=Bernhard |last3=Ouellet Dallaire |first3=Camille |last4=Ariwi |first4=Joseph |last5=Grill |first5=Günther |last6=Anand |first6=Mira |last7=Beames |first7=Penny |last8=Burchard-Levine |first8=Vicente |last9=Maxwell |first9=Sally |last10=Moidu |first10=Hana |last11=Tan |first11=Florence |last12=Thieme |first12=Michele |date=2019-12-09 |title=Global hydro-environmental sub-basin and river reach characteristics at high spatial resolution |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-019-0300-6 |journal=Scientific Data |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |doi=10.1038/s41597-019-0300-6 |issn=2052-4463 |pmc=6901482 |pmid=31819059}}</ref> | mouth = [[Webiga Kagera]] | discharge1_max = {{cvt|239.876|m3|adj=ri1|sigfig=4}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|100.707|m3|adj=ri1|sigfig=4}} | discharge1_min = {{cvt|23.799|m3|adj=ri2|sigfig=4}} | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroATLAS" /> | progression = [[Webiga Kagera|Kagera]] → [[Harada Victoria]] → [[Niilka Cad]] → [[Niilka]] → [[Badda Miduun]] | basin_size = {{cvt|12230.3|km2|adj=ri0|sigfig=4}}<ref name="HydroATLAS" /> | tributaries_left = [[Webiga Kinyankuru|Kinyankuru]], [[Webiga Ndurumu (Ruvubu)|Ndurumu]], [[Webiga Kavuruga|Kavurugu]], [[Webiga Cizanye|Cizanye]] | tributaries_right = [[Webiga Mubarazi|Mubarazi]], [[Webiga Ruvyironza|Ruvyironza]], [[Webiga Nyabaha|Nyabaha]], [[Webiga Kayongozi|Kayongozi]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]] | source1 = Webiga Nyagasumira | source1_location = [[Gobolka Gitega|Gitega]], Burundi | source1_elevation = {{cvt|2030|m}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|-3.684350|29.808489}} | mouth_location = [[Gobolka Kagera]], Tanzania | basin_population = 4,055,031 (2016)<ref>{{Citation |last=Center For International Earth Science Information Network-CIESIN-Columbia University |title=Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Count |date=2016 |url=https://beta.sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/gpw-v4-population-count |access-date=2025-06-20 |publisher=Palisades, NY: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) |doi=10.7927/H4X63JVC }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> }} '''Webiga Ruvubu''' (sidoo kale loo qoro '''Rurubu''' iyo '''Ruvuvu''') waa webi ku yaal bartamaha Afrika kaas oo biyahiisu ay ka yimaadaan qaybta ugu fog, koonfureed ee [[Nile]] [[Drainage basin|basin]]. Wuxuu leeyahay dherer guud oo dhan {{convert|416|km|mi|abbr=off}} iyo basin qulqulaya oo dhan {{convert|14,000|km2|abbr=on}}.{{citation needed|date=July 2025}} Wuxuu ka soo kacay waqooyiga [[Burundi]], meel u dhow magaalada [[Kayanza]] ka dibna wuxuu u sameeyaa qaanso koonfureed iyada oo loo marayo Burundi, isagoo ku biiraya [[Webiga Ruvyironza]] meel u dhow [[Gitega]]. Halkaas ayuu u socdaa waqooyi-bari, isaga oo maraya [[Beerta Qaranka ee Ruvubu]], ilaa xadka [[Tanzania]]. Ka dib marka la dhaafo xadka, Ruvubu wuxuu si sax ah ugu gudbaa Tanzania, ka hor inta uusan ku biirin [[Webiga Kagera]] oo ku yaal xadka Tanzania–[[Rwanda]] qiyaastii {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} kor u qaadista [[Biyo-dhaca Rusumo]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author=((The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica))|title=Ruvubu River|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=5 April 2025|access-date=3 July 2025|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ruvubu-River}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis|last=Nzeyimana|first=Lazare|title=Rusumo Dam-Social Challenge in Kagera River Basin: Participation of Affected People|date=August 2003|institution=Linköping University|degree=MSc|id=diva2 22853|url=https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A22853&dswid=932|access-date=3 July 2025|via=Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet|location=Linköping, Sweden}}</ref>{{rp|17}} Ruvubu waxay magaceeda ka heshaa ereyga [[Af-Kirundi]] ee loogu talagalay [[dibi-biyood]], imvubu, sababtoo ah webigu waa hoyga dadweyne ballaaran oo dibi-biyood ah.<ref>{{cite book |author=INECN |year=1990 |title=La Preservation de Notre Patrimoine Naturel |publisher=Les Presses Lavigerie, Bujumbura}}</ref> == Koorsada == Webiga Ruvubu wuxuu ka soo jeedaa [[Congo-Nile ridge]] at Ngoga, oo dhererkeedu yahay {{convert|2,300|m}}. Wuxuu ka qulqulaa waqooyi-galbeed ilaa koonfur-bari ilaa [[Mugera]], halkaasna, wuxuu qaataa jihada waqooyi-bari. Wuxuu u qulqulaa {{convert|285|km}} iyada oo loo marayo Burundi, wuxuuna miiraa inta badan qaybta Burundi ee watershed-ka Nile. Watershed-kiisu wuxuu daboolayaa {{convert|10,200|km2}} wuxuuna daboolayaa bartamaha Burundi.{{sfn|Projet de developpement local pour l’emploi|pp=25–26}} Wabi-gacmeedyada labada bangi waxaa ka mid ah [[Webiga Kinyankuru]], [[Webiga Ndurumu (Ruvubu)|Webiga Ndurumu]], [[Webiga Nyakigezi]], [[Webiga Nkoma]], [[Webiga Mubarazi]], [[Webiga Ruvyironza]], [[Webiga Nyabaha]] iyo [[Webiga Kayongozi]].{{sfn|Projet de developpement local pour l’emploi|pp=25–26}} Inta badan webiyadan waxay isha ku hayaan Congo Nile ridge. Ruvubu wuxuu maraa [[Buyenzi, natural region|Buyenzi]], [[Kirimiro natural region|Kirimiro]] iyo [[Bweru natural region|Bweru]] gobollada dabiiciga ah. Ruvubu marshes badankood waa daadad waxayna ku dhex jiraan qulqulo joogto ah.{{sfn|Igirukwishaka|Bararunyeretse|Habonayo|Bangirinama|2023|p=48}} == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://bi.chm-cbd.net/sites/bi/files/2023-09/plantes-envahissantes%20-Ruvubu-Jean%20Bosco-et-al-2023.pdf |accessdate=2024-08-30 |last1=Igirukwishaka |first1=J.B. |last2=Bararunyeretse |first2=P. |last3=Habonayo |first3=R. |last4=Bangirinama |first4=F. |title=Contribution à la caractérisation des plantes envahissantes des marais de la rivière Ruvubu |language=fr |journal=Bulletin Scientifique sur l'Environnement et la Biodiversité |date=6 September 2023 }} *{{citation |location=Bujumbura |date=November 2019 |ref={{harvid|Projet de developpement local pour l’emploi}} |title=Projet de developpement local pour l'emploi |publisher=Agence Burundaise pour la realisation des travaux d’interet public |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/164831576045405829/pdf/Evaluation-de-lImpact-Environnemental-et-Social-pour-la-Construction-du-Centre-de-Sante-de-Nyakeru-dans-la-Province-de-Gitega-du-Centre-de-Sante-de-Nyamabuye-dans-la-Province-de-Kirundo-et-du-Centre-de-Sante-de-Cagizo-dans-la-Province-de-Muyinga.pdf |accessdate=2024-08-30 |language=fr |archive-date=2024-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127012638/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/164831576045405829/pdf/Evaluation-de-lImpact-Environnemental-et-Social-pour-la-Construction-du-Centre-de-Sante-de-Nyakeru-dans-la-Province-de-Gitega-du-Centre-de-Sante-de-Nyamabuye-dans-la-Province-de-Kirundo-et-du-Centre-de-Sante-de-Cagizo-dans-la-Province-de-Muyinga.pdf |url-status=dead }} {{refend}} tf652483cw74gor5tj43whhtdnvusa8 0 48754 301425 301294 2026-07-10T12:10:11Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Ruvuma | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Rovuma | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = Ruvuma oo la arkay intii lagu guda jiray [[David Livingstone|Livingstone]]'s [[duulaankii labaad ee Zambesi]] | map = Ruvuma River basin map.svg | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda basin-ka qulqulka Webiga Ruvuma. | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddan | subdivision_name1 = [[Tanzania]], [[Mozambique]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|998|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = (Muddada: 1979–2015){{cvt|55.94|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP">{{cite web|url=http://geftwap.org|title=GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP}}</ref> (Muddada: 1971–2000){{cvt|2,286.3|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Ceantral East Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=101&catid=270&Itemid=179|title=Central East Coast}}</ref> (Muddada: 1982–2013){{cvt|890.8|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="gwb">[http://gwb-ccaw.re.kr/upload/board/mz/mozambique_manage_vol02_201804.pdf Horumarinta Qorshaha Guud ee Maareynta Khayraadka Biyaha ee Mozambique] {{Wayback|url=http://gwb-ccaw.re.kr/upload/board/mz/mozambique_manage_vol02_201804.pdf |date=20230613024707 }} (PDF; 10,0&nbsp;MB)</ref> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Gobolka Ruvuma]], Tanzania | source1_coordinates= {{coord|10|45|00|S|35|40|00|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1,000|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|10|28|28|S|40|26|13|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = Webiga Rovuma | basin_size = {{cvt|154,727.4|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="gwb"/> ilaa {{cvt|155,316.4|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="Ceantral East Coast"/> | tributaries_left = Mlongasi, Likonde, Muhawesi, Lumesule, Mbangala | tributaries_right = Messinge, Lucheringo, Chinlezi, [[Webiga Lugenda|Lugenda]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Ruvuma''', oo hore loogu yaqaanay '''Webiga Rovuma''', waa webi ku yaal gobolka [[Harada Waaweyn ee Afrika]]. Inta badan koorsadiisa, waxay samaysaa xadka u dhexeeya [[Tanzania]] iyo [[Mozambique]]. Webigu waa {{cvt|998|km|mi|abbr=on}} dherer, oo leh [[basin qulqulaya]] oo qiyaastii ~{{cvt|155,000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} ah. Celceliska sanadlaha ah ee [[qulqulka (haydroloji)]] waa {{cvt|475|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} ilaa {{cvt|2,286|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} afkiisa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nakayama |first=Mikiyasu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nBJPAAAAMAAJ |title=International Waters in Southern Africa |date=2003 |publisher=United Nations University Press |isbn=978-92-808-1077-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ceantral East Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=101&catid=270&Itemid=179|title=Central East Coast}}</ref> == Qulqulka == Celceliska iyo qulqulka ugu badan ee Webiga Rovuma ({{coord|11|9|53.9532|S|39|15|37.8072|E}}):<ref name="Evaluation of streamflow estimates for the Rovuma River">{{cite journal|journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147470651200112X|title=Evaluation of streamflow estimates for the Rovuma River|volume=50-52|pages=14–23|last1=M.R.|first1=Minihane|doi=10.1016/j.pce.2012.09.003|year=2012}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! VIC moodelaysan (1999–2008) ! MFR qulqulka lagu qiyaasay (1999–2008) ! UNH-GRDC muddada taariikhiga ah (1957–1999) |- | colspan="3" |Celceliska qulqulka |- |{{cvt|1,864|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} |{{cvt|1,866|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} |{{cvt|1,838|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} |- | colspan="3" |Qulqulka ugu badan |- |{{cvt|22,365|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} |{{cvt|22,630|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} |{{cvt|22,053|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} |} Celceliska qulqulka billaha ah ee Webiga Rovuma ({{coord|11|9|53.9532|S|39|15|37.8072|E}}), UNH-GRDC muddada taariikhiga ah (1957–1999):<ref name="Evaluation of streamflow estimates for the Rovuma River"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! Bisha ! Qulqulka (m<sup>3</sup>/s) |- |JAN |3,340 |- |FEB |4,040 |- |MAR |5,390 |- |APR |3,880 |- |MAY |1,780 |- |JUN |780 |- |JUL |350 |- |AUG |160 |- |SEP |50 |- |OCT |80 |- |NOV |270 |- |DEC |1,940 |} == Wabi-gacmeedyada == Wabi-gacmeedyada ugu waaweyn ee Webiga Rovuma:<ref name="Ceantral East Coast"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! Wabi-gacmeedka bidixda ! Wabi-gacmeedka midigta ! Dhererka (km) ! Cabbirka basin-ka (km<sup>2</sup>) ! Celceliska qulqulka (m<sup>3</sup>/s) |- | colspan="2" |''Rovuma'' |''760'' |''155,316.4'' |''1,773'' |- |Kitama | |70 |1,065.8 |12.3 |- | |Matiu |100 |1,920.1 |26.1 |- |Mwiti | |80 |994.2 |14 |- | |Ninga |100 |1,572.8 |19.8 |- |Miesi | rowspan="2" | |80 |946.7 |12.5 |- |Mbangala |160 |3 598.2 |44.4 |- | |[[Webiga Lugenda|Lugenda]] |650 |60,990.4 |752.1 |- |Lukwika | |100 |1,331.5 |16.3 |- | |Manjesi |90 |1,084.2 |16.3 |- |Lumesule | rowspan="4" | |180 |2,342.8 |28.9 |- |Muhuwesi |240 |10,319.6 |137.3 |- |Mzinieva |100 |1,285.4 |22.5 |- |Chimovero | |638.3 |11.2 |- | |Licombe |60 |975.7 |16 |- |Lukembule | | |1,234.6 |21.6 |- | rowspan="2" | |Chiluezi | |3,544.9 |55.1 |- |Lopele | |763.1 |13.3 |- |Luvingo | |80 |592.4 |10.3 |- | |Ludimilé | |1,129.4 |20.7 |- |Sasawara | rowspan="2" | |90 |2,322.8 |37.3 |- |Msangesi |120 |1,614.1 |23.8 |- | rowspan="4" | |Lipapa | |753.5 |14.2 |- |Lussanhando | |2,863.2 |51.9 |- |Lucheringo |250 |9,288.1 |200.5 |- |Lualece |60 |611.9 |11 |- |Miongosi | rowspan="3" | |50 |964.3 |11.6 |- |Likonde |150 |5,914.8 |61.2 |- |Mlongasi |100 |960.8 |11.9 |- | |Messinge |238 |7,525.4 |174.8 |- |Lunyere | |190 |6,210.1 |78.7 |} == Dulmar == Webiga hoose ee Ruvuma waxaa sameeyay isgoyska {{nowrap|11° 25′ S, 38° 31′ E}} ee laba laamood oo muhiimad siman leh, kuwaas oo ka dheer, [[Webiga Lujenda|Lujenda]], wuxuu ka yimaadaa koonfur-galbeed, kan kale, oo weli sita magaca Ruvuma, galbeedka. Isha ay ku taal waa madal dusha sare ah, {{convert|1,000|m|abbr=on}} sare, isla markiiba bari ka xigta [[Harada Nyasa]], at {{nowrap|10° 45′ S, 35° 40′ E}}, iyada oo madaxa-qulqulka uu socdo marka hore xagga galbeed ka hor inta uusan u leexan koonfur iyo bari. Koorsadiisa bari, Ruvuma wuxuu u socdaa meel u dhow salka buuraha ee [[sandstone]] [[madal]] oo ku taal waqooyiga, kaas oo jihadaas durdurrada, kuwaas oo iska jaray kanaalo qoto dheer oo ku yaal cidhifka madasha, waxay dhammaantood leeyihiin koorsooyin gaaban. Bangiga ka soo horjeeda Ruvuma wuxuu helayaa, marka laga reebo Lujenda, [[Webiga Msinje]] iyo [[Webiga Luchulingo]], oo ku qulqulaya dooxooyin ballaaran oo ka socda koonfur ilaa waqooyi. Lujenda wuxuu ka kacaa meel u dhow [[Harada Chilwa]], ee [[Harada Chiuta]] yar ({{convert|1700|ft|abbr=on|order=flip|disp=comma}}), [[qulqul]]-ta koonfurta tan waxaa laga soocay Chilwa kaliya by buur cidhiidhi ah oo qoryo leh. Durdurka ka soo baxa Chiuta wuxuu maraa dooxada qulqulaya ee ku taal Harada cidhiidhiga ah ee Amaramba, taas oo Lujenda River ay ugu dambeyntii ka soo baxdo sida durdur {{convert|80|yd}} ballac ah. Hoos u dhaca wuu ku kala duwan yahay ballaca, isagoo ku jira qaybo badan oo qoryo leh [[jasiirado]] kuwaas oo kor u kaca heerka fatahaadda, oo badanaa la deggan yahay. Webigu waa mid la dhex mari karo meelo badan xilliga [[xilliga qalalan]]. Afkiisa wuxuu ku saabsan yahay {{convert|1|mi|km|1}} ballac. Ruvuma hoose, oo badanaa ah {{convert|1/2|mi|km|1}} ballac laakiin guud ahaan gacmeed, wuxuu ku qulqulaa dooxada qulqulaya oo ay ku wareegsan yihiin buuraha madasha oo ay ku jiraan dhowr [[backwater (river)|backwater]] yar oo webiga ah. Afka wuxuu ku yaal meel u dhow {{nowrap|10° 28′ S, 40° 30′ E}}, xadka u dhow xeebta oo ay samaysay barbar-dhaca {{nowrap|10° 40′ S}}. Dhererka Ruvuma waa qiyaastii {{convert|500|mi|km}}. == Buundada == Buundada loo yaqaan [[Buundada Midnimada]] ee ka gudubta webiga u dhexeeya Mozambique iyo Tanzania ayaa la soo jeediyay horraantii 1975, in kasta oo dhismihiisu bilaabmay, mashruuca waxaa laga tagay sababtoo ah lacag la'aan. Sannadkii 2002 labada dawladood ee qaranka ayaa sameeyay heshiis rasmi ah si ay u dhisaan buundada cusub oo 600 mitir ah oo ka gudubta webiga, tanina waxaa ugu dambeyntii lagu furay munaasabad 25 May 2010. Buundada waxay ku taal Negomano, {{convert|200|km|abbr=on}} gudaha iyo {{convert|100|km|abbr=on}} ka fog wadada ugu dhow ee Mozambique. Goobta waxaa lagu heshiiyey inta u dhaxaysa Madaxweyneyaasha [[Samora Machel|Machel]] iyo [[Julius Nyerere|Nyerere]] sababtoo ah tani waxay ahayd goobtii ugu horreysay ee soo gelitaanka Mozambique by [[Frelimo]] ciidamada [[Dagaalkii Xorriyadda Mozambique]] on 25 September 1964. Negomano waxay sidoo kale ahayd goobtii ay ciidamada Jarmalku kaga gudbeen webiga Rovuma 25 November 1917.<ref>Paice, Edward, 2008, ''Tip & Run,'' Phoenix, p. 339 {{ISBN|978-0753823491}}</ref> Dhagaxyadii ugu horreeyay ee aasaasiga ah ayaa la dhigay dhinacyada Tanzania iyo Mozambique 10 October 2005. Dhismaha waxaa la dhammaystiray horraantii 2010 wuxuuna ku kacay US$28 milyan. Waxay ahaan jirtay suurtogal in laga gudbo webiga iyada oo la raacayo rafts (oo ku yaal dhinaca Tanzania) oo qaadi kara 3 jeeps. Doonidu waxay degtay 2008 lamana beddelin. Biyo yar oo webiga mararka qaarkood waa la dhex mari karaa 4-wheel drive wanaagsan. Buundada yar oo loo yaqaan Unity Two ayaa sidoo kale la dhammaystiray 2007 ee Rovuma sare oo u dhow Matchedge ee [[Gobolka Niassa]]. == Xusuusin == {{reflist}} == Tixraac == {{EB1911|wstitle=Rovuma|volume=23|page=782}} {{Commons}} 1gc1adeykrpnni3fvvxfs7gkzlt900q 0 48755 301426 301295 2026-07-10T12:10:13Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 301426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ruvyironza | name_native = {{native name|fr|Rivière Ruvyironza}} | name_other = Luvironza | name_etymology = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Burundi | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = [[Burundi]], Tanzania | length = {{convert|182.4|km|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = Afka{{sfn|Linke|Lehner|Ouellet Dallaire|Ariwi|2019}} | discharge1_min = {{cvt|4.579|m3|adj=ri2|sigfig=4}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|21.946|m3|adj=ri2|sigfig=4}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|45.116|m3|adj=ri2|sigfig=4}} | source1 = [[Buuraha Kikizi]] | source1_location = [[Burundi]] | source1_coordinates = {{Coord|-3.91297|29.83960|format=dms}} | source1_elevation = {{cvt|2145|m}} | mouth = [[Webiga Ruvuvu]] | mouth_location = [[Gobolka Kagera]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-3.34391|29.99238|display=it}} | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|1417|m}} | progression = [[Webiga Ruvubu|Ruvubu]] → [[Webiga Kagera|Kagera]] → [[Harada Victoria]] → [[Niilka Cad]] → [[Niil]] → [[Badda Midhiyeed]] | river_system = | basin_size = {{cvt|2023.7|km2}}{{sfn|Linke|Lehner|Ouellet Dallaire|Ariwi|2019}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = | basin_population = 792,296 (2016){{sfn|CIESIN 2016}} }} '''Webiga Ruvyironza (ama Luvironza)''' ({{langx|fr|rivière Ruvyironza}}) waa webi ku yaal Burundi, waana wabi-gacmeedka ugu weyn ee [[Webiga Ruvubu]]. Isha biyahiisu waa halka ugu fog ee laga helo [[Niil]] marka loo eego dhererka webiga laga bilaabo afka Niil. == Koorsada == Ruvyironza wuxuu ka soo go'aa bariga [[Gobolka Bururi]] galbeedka [[Buurta Kikizi]] ({{convert|2145|m}}).{{sfn|Relation: Ruvyironza (5392957)}} Wuxuu ka sameysmaa meel u dhow [[Kiryama]] iyo isgoyska RIG6 / RP83, halkaas oo wabi-gacmeedyadiisa Nyabuyugi iyo Kibazwa ay ku midoobaan.{{sfn|Bururi USDMA}} Wuxuu u qulqulaa waqooyi-galbeed ilaa xadka [[Gobolka Gitega]]. Waxa uu raacaa qayb ka mid ah xadka u dhexeeya labadan gobol, ka dibna wuxuu u qulqulaa Gobolka Gitega ilaa xadka [[Gobolka Mwaro]], waxaana uu raacaa xadka Mwaro-Gitega dhinaca waqooyi ka hor inta uusan u leexan bari oo uu mar kale ka gudbo Gobolka Gitega ilaa uu ka gaaro afkiisa [[Webiga Ruvubu]].{{sfn|Relation: Ruvyironza (5392957)}} Badankooda webiyada ku yaal qaybta Niil ee Burundi waxay ku qulqulaan Ruvubu ama wabi-gacmeedkiisa ugu weyn, Ruvyironza.{{sfn|Document d’orientation strategique|p=11}} == Isha Niil == Webiga Luvironza waa isha Niil macnaha ah in uu ku yaal basin-ka Niil, iyo masaafada webiga laga bilaabo ishiisa ilaa afka Niil waa {{convert|6671|km}}, taas oo ka dheer masaafada laga helo wixii kale ee il-biyood ah.{{sfn|River Nile Geocities}}{{efn|[[Niilka Buluugga ah]] ayaa biyaha ugu badan ka soo qaada Niil marka loo eego Niilka Cad. Habka kor u kacaya ee ka yimaada afka Niil, mar walba raacaya laamaha qulqulka ugu badan leh, waxay bixin doontaa il ku taal Itoobiya.{{sfn|Vijverberg|Sibbing|Dejen|2009|pp=163ff}} }} Waa wabi-gacmeedka [[Webiga Ruvubu]], oo ah wabi-gacmeedka [[Webiga Kagera]], kaas oo ku qulqula [[Harada Victoria]]. Halkaas, webigu wuxuu qaataa magacyo kala duwan marka uu waqooyi u qulqulo: [[Niilka Victoria]], [[Niilka Albert]], [[Bahr al Jabal (webi)|Bahr al Jabal]], [[Niilka Cad]] iyo waqooyiga Khartoum [[Niil]].{{sfn|Nile Encarta}}{{sfn|River Nile Geocities}} == Deegaanka == Hareeraha Ruvyironza sare waa inta badan savannah.{{sfn|nasalandcover}} Deegaanku waa mid dadku aad u deggan yihiin, iyadoo 239 qof halkii kiiloomitir laba jibaaran ay joogeen ilaa 2016.{{sfn|nasapop}} Celceliska heerkulka sanadlaha ah ee deegaanka waa {{convert|20|C}}. Bisha ugu kulul waa Sebtembar, marka celceliska heerkulku yahay {{convert|23|C}}, kan ugu qabow waa Abriil, oo leh {{convert|18|C}}.{{sfn|nasa}} Celceliska roobabka sanadlaha ah waa {{convert|1,137|mm}}. Bisha ugu roobka badan waa Diseembar, oo leh celcelis ahaan {{convert|199|mm}} oo roob ah, kan ugu qalalan waa Luulyo, oo leh {{convert|1|mm}} oo roob ah.{{sfn|nasarain}} Nyabiraba ee bartamaha Gobolka Gitega Ruvyironza wuxuu leeyahay basin qulqulaya oo ah {{convert|728|km2}}, oo leh celcelis qulqul ah {{convert|10|m3/s}}. Roobabka sanadlaha ah waa {{convert|1209|mm}} iyo celceliska heerkulku waa {{convert|17.8|C}}.{{sfn|Ntungumburanye|Nindamutsa|2018|p=34}} Sharciyada ku saabsan aagagga biyaha ee dadweynaha laguma ixtiraamo mid ka mid ah biyaha Ruvubu, laakiin gaar ahaan Ruvyironza. Tani waxay keentaa in inta badan ay dhacaan burburin (landslides) oo ku yimaada bangiyada webiga ee aan la ilaalin.{{sfn|Document d’orientation strategique|p=42}} == Dhul-qoyan == Basin-ka Ruvyironza wuxuu ka kooban yahay {{convert|8425|ha}} oo dhul-qoyan ah, kuwaas oo {{convert|7310|ha}}, ama 87%, laga faa'iidaystay beeraha ilaa 1998.{{sfn|Schema directeur d’amenagement|p=20}} Ruvyironza wuxuu ku qulqulaa xadka bari ee [[Degmada Gishubi]] ee Gitega, isagoo ka soocaya [[Degmada Makebuko]]. Webiga Kanyangwa wuxuu dhex maraa Gishubi si uu uga soo biiro galbeedka (bidix). Dhul-qoyanka labadan webi ayaa loo isticmaalaa beerashada sanadka oo dhan. Ciidda qaybtan webiga ka mid ah ma aha mid aad u bacrin ah, beeralayduna waa inay isticmaalaan bacrimiye.{{sfn|Presentation de la Commune Gishubi}} Diseembar 2015 roobab mahiigaan ah oo ka da'ay [[Degmada Mutaho]], Gobolka Gitega, ayaa burburiyay beeraha ku yaal dhul-qoyanka webiyada Ruvubu iyo Ruvyironza. Dalagyo ay ka mid yihiin digir, galley iyo baradho macaan oo hore loo beeray ayaa lumay.{{sfn|Des champs dévastés}} Abriil 2024 fatahaado ba'an oo ka dhacay dooxada Webiga Ruvyironza ayaa burburiyay dhowr hektar oo dalag ah [[Degmada Nyabihanga]], Gobolka Mwaro. Buundada isku xirta Degmada Nyabihanga iyo [[Degmada Gitega]] ayaa halis ugu jirtay inay dunto.{{sfn|Ndabashinze|2024}} == Korontada biyaha == Xarunta korontada ee Ruvyironza waxay ku taal Gobolka Gitega, waqooyi-bari ee magaalada [[Gitega]], iyadoo u jeedda [[Gobolka Karuzi]] oo ka tallaabsanaya [[Webiga Ruvubu]]. Waxaa quudiya kanaal u socda koonfurta oo ka yimaada biyo-xireen ku yaal Webiga Ruvyironza oo u dhow afkiisa Webiga Ruvubu. Wuxuu ku shubaa Webiga Ruvubu.{{sfn|Centrale hydroélectrique Rushanga}} Warshadda Ruvyironza, oo ay leedahay [[REGIDESO Burundi]], ayaa la dhisay 1980/1984.{{sfn|Nsabimana|2022|p=40}} Korontada waxaa bixiya saddex matoor oo ah 425 KW, kuwaas oo bixiya 1275 KW marka dhammaantood ay shaqaynayaan, ama 850 KW marka laba kaliya ay shaqaynayaan.{{sfn|Ruvyironza Energypedia}} Warbixin 2012 ay soo saartay Wasaaradda Tamarta iyo Macdanta ayaa sheegtay in horumarinta suurtagalka ah ee Ruvyironza (Luvi 047, 039, 012) ay awood u yeelan karaan inay bixiyaan 21.2MW.{{sfn|Investment opportunities in renewable energy|p=37}} == Xusuusin == {{notes}} == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Burundi]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist |25em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=Centrale%20hydroelectrique%20Rushanga#map=18/-3.34734/29.98530 |accessdate=2024-08-15 |title=Centrale hydroélectrique Rushanga |work=OpenStreetMap |ref={{harvid|Centrale hydroélectrique Rushanga}} }} *{{Citation |ref={{harvid|CIESIN 2016}} |last=Center For International Earth Science Information Network-CIESIN-Columbia University |title=Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Count |date=2016 |url=https://beta.sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/gpw-v4-population-count |access-date=2025-06-20 |publisher=Palisades, NY: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) |doi=10.7927/H4X63JVC }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{citation |url=https://isanganiro.org/2015/10/12/des-champs-devastes-par-les-pluies-torrentielles-a-mutaho/ |accessdate=2024-09-06 |language=fr |title=Des champs dévastés par les pluies torrentielles à Mutaho |work=Isanganiro |date=10 December 2015 |ref={{harvid|Des champs dévastés}} }} *{{citation |url=https://ifdc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Dorientation-strategique-damenagement-des-bassins-versants-et-de-lutte-antierosive.pdf |title=Document d'orientation strategique d'amenagement des bassins versants et de lutte antierosive |accessdate=2024-09-06 |language=fr |publisher=Ministere de l’environnement, de l’agriculture et de l’elevage |location=Gitega |date=March 2022 |ref={{harvid|Document d’orientation strategique}} }} *{{citation |url=https://proreds.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Investment-opportunities-in-renewable-energy-Burundi.pdf |accessdate=2024-08-31 |title=Investment opportunities in renewable energy Burundi |publisher=Minister for Energy and Mines |date=October 2012 |ref={{harvid|Investment opportunities in renewable energy}} }} *{{citation |last1=Linke |first1=Simon |last2=Lehner |first2=Bernhard |last3=Ouellet Dallaire |first3=Camille |last4=Ariwi |first4=Joseph |last5=Grill |first5=Günther |last6=Anand |first6=Mira |last7=Beames |first7=Penny |last8=Burchard-Levine |first8=Vicente |last9=Maxwell |first9=Sally |last10=Moidu |first10=Hana |last11=Tan |first11=Florence |last12=Thieme |first12=Michele |date=2019-12-09 |title=Global hydro-environmental sub-basin and river reach characteristics at high spatial resolution |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-019-0300-6 |journal=Scientific Data |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |doi=10.1038/s41597-019-0300-6 |issn=2052-4463 |pmc=6901482 |pmid=31819059}} *{{citation|url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP |title=NASA Earth Observations: Population Density |accessdate=30 January 2016 |ref={{harvid|nasapop}} |publisher=NASA/SEDAC |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209064446/http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=SEDAC_POP |archivedate=9 February 2016}} *{{citation|url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php |title=NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index |accessdate=30 January 2016 |ref={{harvid|nasa}} |publisher=NASA |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511075542/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php |archivedate=11 May 2020}} *{{citation|url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014 |title=NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - 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Tuulo-degganayaal ka gudbaya webiga Kwilu | map = Kasai River Catchment OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_alt = | map_caption = Webiga Kwilu oo ku yaal biyo-qabashada Kasai (dhexda) | source1_location = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-3.385251|17.384491|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dalalka | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Angola]]|[[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo]]}} | location = | length = {{convert|965|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = [[Webiga Kasaï]] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Webiga Kwilu''' ([[Af-Bortuqiis|Bortuqiis]]: ''Rio Cuílo''; [[Af-Faransiis|Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Kwilu''; [[Af-Nederland|Nederland]]: ''Kwilu Rivier'') waa wabi weyn oo ku yaal labada [[Gobolka Lunda Norte]] iyo [[Gobolka Lunda Sul]] ee [[Angola]] iyo sidoo kale [[Gobolka Kwilu]], oo hore loogu yaqaanay gobolka Bandundu, ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo]] (DRC) ilaa magaalada [[Bandundu (magaalo)|Bandundu]], halkaas oo uu ku biiro [[Webiga Kwango]] wax yar ka hor inta aanu durdurkani gelin [[Webiga Kasai]]. Gudaha DRC webigu wuxuu maraa magaalooyinka [[Gungu]], [[Kikwit]], [[Bulungu (gobolka Bandundu)|Bulungu]], [[Bagata, Bandundu|Bagata]], Rutherfordia iyo Bandundu.{{sfn|Blaes|2008}} [[Lusanga, Kwilu|Lusanga]], oo hore u ahaan jirtay Leverville, waxay ku taal meesha uu [[Webiga Kwenge]] ku biiro Kwilu, ee u dhaxaysa Kikwit iyo Bulungu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf |title=M'Bwa na Basenji |author=C.J. Warrington |work=The Basenji |date=May 1972 |access-date=2012-02-02}}</ref> == Astaamaha == Waa wabi [[meander|leexleexda]]. Meel u dhow afkiisa wuxuu leeyahay ballac dhan 950 mitir. [[Maaddada sariirta|Maaddada wabiga]] waa [[ciid]].<ref name="hani">{{cite journal |last1=Hanibal Lemma |first1=and colleagues |title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (Table 7) |journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=2019 |volume=577 |article-number=123968 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968 |s2cid=199099061 }}</ref> Webigu waa qiyaastii {{convert|965|km}} oo dherer ah. Xilliga roobka, aagga fatahaaddu wuxuu daboolaa {{convert|1550|km2}}. Isha wabigu waxay ka kacdaa meelaha jooggoodu u dhexeeyo {{convert|1000|m|ft}} iyo {{convert|1800|m|ft}} ee buuraleyda Angola. Waxay si xoog leh ugu dhacaan [[Biyo-qabashada Kongo|Biyo-qabashada Kongo]] ee fidsan oo jooggeedu u dhexeeyo {{convert|500|m|ft}} iyo {{convert|300|m|ft}} ka sarreeya heerka badda. Sahamin la sameeyay sannadkii 2011 ayaa lagu helay 113 nooc oo kalluun ah oo ka tirsan 21 qoys iyo siddeed ammar.{{sfn|Munene|Stiassny|2011}} <gallery widths="250px" heights="180px"> File:Au bord de la rivère Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|Dhinaca webiga ee [[Bandundu (magaalo)|Bandundu]], Juun 2007 File:Rivière Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|Webiga oo ku yaal [[Bandundu (magaalo)|Bandundu]], Juun 2007 </gallery> == Tixraac == {{Reflist |colwidth=30em}} == Isha == {{Refbegin}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf|title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo|last=Blaes|first=X.|date=Oktoobar 2008|publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD|access-date=2011-11-22}} *{{cite journal|last2=Stiassny|first2=Melanie L. J.|year=2011|title=Fishes of the Kwilu River (Kasai basin, central Africa): A list of species collected in the vicinity of Kikwit, Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo|journal=Check List|volume=7|issue=5|first1=José Justin Mbimbi Mayi|last1=Munene|page=691|doi=10.15560/7.5.691|doi-access=free}} {{Refend}} cdrys1k9okuhij51spaz0fwd578n6z7 0 48806 301406 2026-07-10T12:01:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301406 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kasai River Catchment OSM.png|thumb|Webiga Kwenge oo ku yaal biyo-qabashada Kasai (dhexda bidix)]] '''Webiga Kwenge''' ([[Af-Faransiis|Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Kwenge'') waa wabi ku yaal [[Gobolka Bandundu]] ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo]]. Webigu wuxuu ka bilaabmaa [[Angola]] ka dibna qiyaastii {{convert|6|km}} wuxuu sameeyaa qayb gaaban oo ka mid ah [[xadka Angola–Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo|xadka Angola–DRC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/4%C2%B050'25.5%22S+18%C2%B043'19.2%22E/@-7.9534875,18.7487729,13.13z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-4.840404!4d18.721991?hl=en|title=Kwenge|website=GoogleMaps|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> Wuxuu u qulqulaa waqooyi laga bilaabo xadka Angola isagoo maraya degmooyinka [[Degmada Kwango|Kwango]] iyo [[Degmada Kwilu|Kwilu]], wuxuuna ku biiraa [[Webiga Kwilu]] meel ka hooseysa [[Kikwit]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo |last=Blaes |first=X. |date=Oktoobar 2008 |publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD }}</ref> [[Lusanga, Kwilu|Lusanga]], oo hore u ahaan jirtay Leverville, waxay ku taal is-goyska wabiyada Kwenge iyo Kwilu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf |title=M'Bwa na Basenji |author=C.J. Warrington |work=The Basenji |date=May 1972 |access-date=2012-02-02}}</ref> Dhulka u dhexeeya Kwilu iyo Kwenge waxaa markii ugu horreysay degay [[Dadka Pende|Pende]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.tribal-art-auktion.de/en/news/98/ |title = Tribal Treasures |date = Ogosto 25, 2011 |publisher = Zemanek-Münster |access-date = 2012-02-02 }}</ref> [[Dadka Suku|Suku]], oo gobolka u yimid dooxada [[Webiga Kwango]] qarnigii 1800-aad, waxay ku nool yihiin gobolka bannaanka ee u dhexeeya wabiyada sare ee Bakali iyo Kwenge.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1uFe__DEB4C&pg=PA83 |page=83 |title=The family estate in Africa: studies in the role of property in family structure and lineage continuity |author=Robert F. Gray, P. H. Gulliver |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |isbn=0-415-32985-X}}</ref> Qaybta ugu hooseysa ee dooxada wabiga waxaa ku jira xariijimo dhul si joogto ah ama marmar fatahaaddu saamayn ku yeelato.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA531 |page=531 |title=A directory of African wetlands |author=R. H. Hughes |author2=J. S. Hughes |publisher=IUCN |year=1992 |isbn=2-88032-949-3}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} 1d47zs45kv27tz0jmrd9ycj30m7aqq6 0 48807 301415 2026-07-10T12:07:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Loange | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = Kasai River Catchment OSM.png | map_size = 250 | map_alt = | map_caption = Loange oo ku yaal biyo-qabashada Webiga Kasai (dhexda) | subdivision_type1 = Dalalka | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Angola]]|[[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo]]}} | source1_location = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|4.293091|S|20.027819|E|display=inline,title}} | progression = | location = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = [[Webiga Kasai]] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }}{{Distinguish|Webiga Luangwa}} '''Webiga Loange''' (ama '''Luangué''', '''Luange''', '''Lwange''') waa [[wabi-gacmeed]] ka tirsan [[Webiga Kasai]]. Isagoo ka soo bilaabmaya [[Angola]], wabigu wuxuu u qulqulaa waqooyi ilaa [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo]], isagoo mara qaybta bari ee [[Gobolka Kwango]]. Wabigu ka dib wuxuu sii wadaa waqooyi xadka u dhexeeya gobollada [[Gobolka Kwilu|Kwilu]] iyo [[Gobolka Kasaï|Kasai]] ilaa uu ka gaaro [[Afka wabiga|afkiisa]] ku yaal Kasai.<ref name="Blaes">{{cite web |url=http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf |title=Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo |publisher=UNOCHA and PNUD |author=X. Blaes, PNUD-SIG |date=Oktoobar 2008 |accessdate=2011-11-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Matias |first=Victorino |date=Jul 7, 2024 |title=Jornal de Angola - Notícias - Lunda-Norte aposta agora na agricultura mecanizada |url=https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/ao/noticias/lunda-norte-aposta-agora-na-agricultura-mecanizada/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=[[Jornal de Angola]] |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-14 |title=Kasai River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/kasai-river.html |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> == Taariikh == Bilowgii qarnigii labaatanaad, Loange waxaa degganaa [[Dadka Kongo|Bakongo]], oo uu [[Ethnography|ethnographer]]-ka [[Melville William Hilton-Simpson]] ku tilmaamay inay yihiin kuwo markii hore shaki ka qabay oo cadow ku ahaa [[Ninka caddaanka ah]]. Isaga oo hoggaaminayay sahamintii ugu horreysay ee diiwaangashan ee wabiga oo ay sameeyeen dad aan Afrikaan ahayn, wuxuu ugu dambeyntii awooday inuu si nabad ah ula dhaqmo oo uu wax ka barto iyaga muddo laba sano ah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hilton-Simpson |first=Melville William |title=Land and peoples of the Kasai |publisher=[[Constable & Robinson|Constable and Company, Ltd]] |year=1911 |location=[[London]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hilton-Simpson |first=Melville William |title=Two Years Among Strange Tribes |publisher=[[The Wide World Magazine]] |year=1912 |volume=28}}</ref> Bartamihii qarnigii labaatanaad, Loange wuxuu ahaa [[Navigability|wabi la maro]] ilaa magaalada Kalema oo u dhow [[is-goyska]] Webiga Tobi. [[Compagnie du Kasai]], oo ku shaqayn jirtay [[doomaha uumi-baxaya]] iyo [[maraakiibta xamuulka]] ee wabiga, ayaa ka saaray [[Snag (ecology)|qashinka]] ilaa harada Matshi, oo 80 km kaga taal dhinaca hoose ee [[Ilebo]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Van Pul |first=Paul |title=Hydrography and Navigation on the Congo River: A Century of Visual History |date=Sep 14, 2023 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |isbn=9783031410659 |pages=49-56}}</ref> Maanta, [[National Road 1 (Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo)|Wadada Qaranka 1]] ee DRC ayaa ka gudubta wabiga magaalada Kalema si ay isugu xirto [[Kikwit]] iyo [[Kinshasa]] iyo [[Kamina]] iyo [[Lubumbashi]]. Ma jirto wax gaadiid wabiga ah oo muhiim ah oo hadda ka jira Loange.<ref name=":0" /> == Muuqaalka == [[File:Lwange river valley.jpg|thumb|Dooxada Webiga Loange bisha Maarso]] Aagga saddex-xagalka ah ee xuduudda [[Gobolka Kwilu|Kwilu]], [[Kwango]] iyo [[Gobolka Kasaï|Kasai]], webiga Loange wuxuu sameeyaa muuqaal [[Terrace (earthworks)|dabaq-dabaq ah]] oo ku yaal carrada [[loam]]. Wabigu wuxuu ka buuxaa [[sandbars|ciid-biyeed]], kuwaas oo si gaar ah u muuqda [[xilliga abaarta]], xilligaas oo wabigu hoos u dhaco ilaa 1.5 mitir qoto dheer marka loo eego [[xilliga roobka]].<ref name=":0" /> Sannadkii 1898, Loange waxaa sidaas ku tilmaamay shaqaale markab uumi ah: {{blockquote|text=Loange waa wabi qurux badan oo leh dhul qoto dheer. Biyuhu waa casaan, celceliska ballaca wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 200 iyo 250m, iyadoo [[Stream pool|balliyada]] ay gaarayaan ballac dhan 500 iyo 600m. [[Riffles|Qulqulka]] iyo balliyada is-bedbeddelaya ayaa soo saara biyo duurjoog ah, iyagoo ruxaya markabkayaga yar ''Katanga'' sida qolof [[walnut]]. Maraakiibta yaryar, marka biyuhu sarreeyaan, biyo-mareennadan rabshadaha wata iyo wareegga ah [[eddies]] waa cabsi. Habeenkii, marka wax walba ay deggan yihiin, qofku wuxuu dareemi karaa inuu joogo xeebta badda.|title=Hydrography and Navigation on the Congo River: A Century of Visual History<ref name=":0" />}} == Tixraac == {{reflist}} py56czczit1jnnjnha9ysblyvjie45x 0 48808 301418 2026-07-10T12:08:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Location map | Angola | width = 200 | float = right | alt = Webiga Mbridge oo ku yaal bartamaha Angola. | label = Mbridge | position = right | mark = Green pog.svg <!--hibi cagaaran--> | lat_deg = -7 | lat_min = 0 <!-- default: lat_dir = N --> | lon_deg = 12 | lon_min = 59 <!-- default: lon_dir = E --> }} '''Mbridge''' ama '''Mebridege''' waa [[wabi]] ku yaal waqooyiga [[Angola]]. Afkiisa wuxuu ku yaal [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] meel u dhow magaalada [[N'Zeto]] ee [[Gobolka Zaire]]. Asalkiisu wuxuu u dhow yahay magaalada [[Cuimba]], wuxuuna qayb ka yahay xadka u dhexeeya Gobollada Zaire iyo [[Gobolka Uige]]. Wabi-gacmeedyadiisa waxaa ka mid ah Lufunde, Lucunga, Luqueia, iyo Lufua. Dhismaha buundada webiga korkiisa oo u dhow N'Zeto ayaa la filayay inuu dhammaado dabayaaqadii 2013.<ref>[http://pt.angolaglobal.com/20121120/ponte-sobre-rio-mbridge-pronta-em-novembro-de-2013-angolapress/ Ponte sobre rio Mbridge pronta em Novembro de 2013], AngolaPress, 20 November 2012</ref> Afka wabiga iyo carrada af-biyoodka ayaa lagu soo bandhigay istiimb 2008 oo ay soo saartay Angola. == Eeg sidoo kale == *[[Liiska wabiyada Angola]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} 7nd8tdb45nudb595x8jsi9z757nnqmo 0 48809 301427 2026-07-10T12:10:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Dande | image = Riodande.jpg | image_caption = Muuqaal ka mid ah Rio Dande, 1888. Sawir laga qaaday sawir-gacmeed. | pushpin_map = Angola | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu ku yaal Angola | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Angola]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-8.471761|13.372905|format=dms|display=inline,title|region:AO_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} }} '''Dande''' waa [[wabi]] ku yaal waqooyiga [[Angola]] kaas oo isha uu ka yimaado ay tahay [[Buuraleyda Crystal (Afrika)|Buuraleyda Crystal]]. Afkiisa wuxuu ku yaal [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] magaalada [[Barra do Dande]] ee [[Gobolka Bengo]]. Waxa kale oo uu maraa magaalada [[Caxito]], iyo [[Gobolka Uige]]. Wabigu waa {{convert|285|km}} oo dherer ah. Qaybta hoose ee wabiga waa dhul daad ah oo leh harooyin yaryar oo dhowr ah oo ay ka mid yihiin harooyinka Sungue, Ibendua iyo Morima.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/t0473e/t0473e01.htm Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa...], FAO</ref> Biyo-xireenka Mabubas ee 18MW ee ku yaal Dande waa il koronto oo muhiim ah oo ku taal waqooyiga Angola.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=T4vvzrSluC8C&dq=Cuanza+Norte+%22dande%22&pg=PA112 Angola], ebizguides, MTH Multimedia S.L., May 1, 2008</ref><ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201205150282.html Angola: Minister Considers Mabubas Dam a Gain], Angola Press Agency, 14 MAY 2012</ref> == Eeg sidoo kale == *[[Liiska wabiyada Angola]] *[[Tamarta ku taal Angola]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} ckj1goti3suh4yhkuxr7uuru1wt1vsb 0 48810 301433 2026-07-10T12:12:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bengo | pushpin_map = Angola | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu ku yaal Angola | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Angola]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-8.752272|13.393627|format=dms|display=inline,title|region:AO_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} }} '''Bengo''' (ama '''Zenza''') waa wabi ku yaal waqooyiga [[Angola]] kaas oo isha uu ka yimaado ay tahay [[Buuraleyda Crystal (Afrika)|Buuraleyda Crystal]]. Afkiisa wuxuu ku yaal [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] {{convert|20|km|mi}} waqooyi kaga beegan [[Luanda]] ee [[Gobolka Bengo]]. Wabigu waa {{convert|300|km|mi}} oo dherer ah, waxaana uu leeyahay aag biyo-mareen dhan {{convert|7370|km2}}. Waxaa jira kayd-biyood weyn oo lagu magacaabo Kiminha oo ku yaal Bengo.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/t0473e/t0473e01.htm Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa...], FAO</ref> Waxaa jira harooyin yaryar oo dhowr ah oo ku yaal {{convert|90|km|mi}} ee hoose ee dhulka fatahaadda wabiga, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin harooyinka Panguila, Quilunda iyo Lalama. Dhulka fatahaadda ee Webiga Bengo waa isha ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka beeraha ee Luanda.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-adv/specialsales/spotlight/angola/article16.html The Province Of Bengo: Manna from Muxima], ''Washington Post''</ref> Biyaha la cabbo ee Webiga Bengo ayaa loo rari jiray Luanda iyadoo lagu ridayo fuustooyin markab ilaa intii laga dhisayay marin-biyood sannadkii 1889.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=IMwNAAAAQAAJ&dq=bengo+river+angola&pg=PA15 Angola and the River Congo, Volume 2], Joachim John Monteiro, Macmillan and Company, 1875, p. 15-19</ref> Gaadiidka xamuulka ayaa keena inta badan sahayda biyaha ee casriga ah ee magaalada, kuwaas oo laga soo rarayo bambooyin ku yaal wabiga.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/16/world/africa/16cholera.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 In Oil-Rich Angola, Cholera Preys Upon Poorest], SHARON LaFRANIERE, ''New York Times'', June 16, 2006</ref> Geedaha loo yaqaan mangrovska ayaa ka baxa afka wabiga, meel u dhow xadkooda koonfureed.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wzSCkulW9SQC&dq=zenza+river+angola&pg=PA241 ''World Atlas of Mangroves''], Mark Spalding, Mami Kainuma and Lorna Collins, Earthscan, 2010, p 241.</ref> Yaxaasyada, neef-biyoodka (manatees), berriga iyo kalluunka ayaa ka mid ahaa xayawaannada ku nool wabiga. Warshadaha kaliya ee [[aquaculture|beerashada biyaha]] ee Angola waa beer [[tilapia]] oo ku taal Webiga Bengo meel u dhow [[Kifangondo]] ee [[Gobolka Luanda]].<ref>[http://omap.africanmarineatlas.org/BIOSPHERE/data/fishes/fisheries/CountryCatches/Fishery%20Country%20Profiles/FAO%20Fishery%20Country%20Profile%20-%20Angola.htm Fishery Country Data: Angola], Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations</ref> Wabigu wuxuu ahaa goob lagu dagaallamo dhowr jeer. Sannadkii 1641, Bortuqiisku waxay u gurteen halkaas markii Holland ay [[Qabsashadii Luanda|qabsadeen Luanda]]. Sannadkii 1873, [[Dembos]] ku noolaa inta u dhaxaysa wabiyada Bengo iyo [[Webiga Dande]] ayaa hoggaamiyay kacdoon ka dhan ah Bortuqiiska.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=BKKf4PYI-IIC&dq=zenza+river+angola&pg=PA312 ''The Creole Elite and the Rise of Angolan Protonationalism: 1870-1920''], Jacopo Corrado, Cambria Press, 2008, p. 35.</ref> [[Dagaalkii Quifangondo]] ee 1975 wuxuu ahaa meel muhiim ah oo ka mid ah [[Dagaalkii Xornimada Angola]]. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} nj9ususoag5h8dutb489mi35iiyrv1l 0 48811 301435 2026-07-10T12:14:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Cuanza | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Kwanza, Quanza, Coanza | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = Cuanza River System OSM.png | map_size = 250px | map_caption = Webiga Cuanza iyo wabi-gacmeedyada | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Angola]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{cvt|960|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="FAO">{{cite web |title=Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa Vol. 1 |url=https://www.fao.org/3/T0473E/T0473E01.htm |website=www.fao.org |publisher=FAO |access-date=3 December 2021}}</ref> | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = (Muddadii: 1971–2000){{cvt|1,944.3|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="South West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=163&catid=325&Itemid=179|title=South West Coast}}</ref> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Bié Plateau]]<ref name = FAO></ref> | source1_location = Angola-ta dhexe | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = {{cvt|1,234|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_location = {{Convert|60|km|mi|abbr=on}} koonfur ka xigta [[Luanda]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|9|21|S|13|9|E|display=inline}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = Webiga Cuanza | basin_size = {{cvt|152,570|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="South West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=163&catid=325&Itemid=179|title=South West Coast}}</ref> | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = Kukema, Cunhinga, Ngango, [[Webiga Cutato|Cutato]] | tributaries_right = Cuiva, Luando, Cuige, [[Webiga Lucala|Lucala]] | waterbodies = Kaydka Cambambe | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Cuanza''', sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Kwanza''', '''Quanza''', ama '''Coanza''', waa wabiga ugu dheer [[Webiyada Afrika|wabiyada]] [[Angola]]. Wuxuu ku shubaa [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] wax yar koonfur ka xigta caasimadda qaranka ee [[Luanda]]. == Juqraafi == Wabiga waxaa la mari karaa qiyaastii {{convert|150|mi|km|sp=us}} laga bilaabo afkiisa, kaas oo ku yaal {{convert|60|km|sp=us}} koonfurta [[Luanda]]. Wabi-gacmeedyadiisa waxaa ka mid ah [[Webiga Cutato|Cutato]] iyo [[Webiga Lucala|Lucala]]. == Taariikh == Qaybta hoose ee wabiga ee la mari karo waxay ahayd dariiqii asalka ahaa ee [[Boqortooyadii Bortuqiiska]] [[Angola Bortuqiis|duulaankii waqooyiga Angola]]. [[Biyo-xireenka Capanda]] ee [[Gobolka Malanje]] ayaa la dhammeeyay sannadkii 2004, isagoo siinaya koronto-biyood gobolka iyo ka caawinta waraabka. [[Saldhigga Korontada Biyo-biyoodka ee Cambambe|Biyo-xireenka Cambambe]] iyo [[Biyo-xireenka Lauca]] ayaa sidoo kale laga dhisay wabiga. [[Saldhigga Korontada Biyo-biyoodka ee Caculo Cabaça|Biyo-xireenka Caculo Cabaça]] ayaa la dhisayaa iyadoo lagu qiyaasay in la dhammayn doono 2024. ''Barra do Kwanza'', oo ah afka wabiga, ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loogu horumarinayaa dalxiiska, oo ay ku jiraan garoon golf ah. [[Kaniisadda Nossa Senhora da Victoria]] waxay ku taal meel u dhow bangiyada Webiga Cuanza ee [[Massanganu]], Gobolka Cuanza-Norte, [[Angola]].<ref>Valdez, F. T. (1861), ''Six Years of a Traveller's Life in Western Africa, Vol. II'', Hurst and Blackett. </ref> == Duur-joogta == [[Nolol-kala-duwanaansho]] hodan ah ayaa laga helay wabiga Angola, sida lagu sheegay cilmi-baaris lagu soo bandhigay mareegta Science and Development Network. Tirakoobkii ugu horreeyay ee noolaha ee Webiga Cuanza ee Angola ayaa ilaa hadda helay 50 nooc oo kalluun ah. Cilmi-baarayaal ka socda Machadka Qaranka ee Cilmi-baarista Kalluumeysiga iyo Machadka Koonfur Afrika ee Noolaha Biyaha ayaa sheegaya in [[tijaabinta hidda-wadaha]] ay daah-furi karto noocyo cusub. Kalluumeysiga isboortiga waxaa ka mid ah [[tarpon]]. == Dhaxalka == Lacagta Angola, [[kwanza]], waxaa loogu magac daray wabiga. Wabigu waa sidoo kale magaca [[gobollada Angola|gobollada]] [[Gobolka Cuanza Norte|Cuanza Norte]] ("Cuanza Waqooyi") iyo [[Gobolka Cuanza Sul|Cuanza Sul]] ("Cuanza Koonfur"). == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Beerta Qaranka ee Quissama]], oo ku taal koonfurta wabiga == Tixraac == === Xigasho === {{Reflist|30em}} === Bibliography === * {{citation |contribution=[[s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Coanza|Coanza]] |title=Encyclopædia Britannica|edition=9th|volume=VI|editor-last=Baynes |editor-first=Thomas Spencer |display-editors=0 |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |location=New York |date=1878 |page=81 }}. == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120813015647/http://www.waterandnature.org/en/resources/publications/thematic-collection/facts-figures/watersheds-world Khariidadda biyo-qabashada Webiga Cuanza ee Water Resources eAtlas] {{Authority control}} {{Coord|9|21|S|13|09|E|display=title|region:AO_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} 75ysuo9t3ex92iyqn96qbncwigz4tq3 0 48812 301436 2026-07-10T12:18:31Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Lucala | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = Quedas-Kalandula 11 escoa-o-rio-Lucala LWS-2011-08 QD36.jpg | image_caption = Webiga Lucala oo ka baxaya dooxada ay abuureen [[Kalandula Falls]] | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = #Angola | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Gobolka Uíge]] | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Webiga Cuanza]] | mouth_location = [[Gobolka Cuanza Norte]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|9|37|41.46|S|14|14|11.73|E}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = [[Kalandula Falls]] | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Lucala''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Angola]], waana wabi-gacmeedka dhinaca midig ee wabiga ugu weyn Angola, [[Webiga Cuanza]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cuanza River Africa, Angola, Zambezi |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Cuanza-River |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Rio-Lucala perto-de-Kalandula Prov-Malanje Angola Agosto2011 LWS-2011-08 Luc08.JPG|thumb|left|In ka sii hoosaysa dhicitaanka, isgoyska wadada Luije-Kalandula]] Lucala waxay isha ka heshaa [[Gobolka Uíge]], waxayna dhex martaa [[Gobolka Malanje]], halkaas oo ay quudiso [[Kalandula Falls]], ugu dambayntiina waxay ku shubataa [[Webiga Cuanza]] meel u dhow [[Massangano]] ee [[Gobolka Cuanza Norte]], dhowr kiiloomitir dhinaca hoose ee [[Dondo, Angola|Dondo]]. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{coord|9|38|S|14|14|E|display=title}} 93luum22aj6eer88e71bk873ziwv2u0 0 48813 301437 2026-07-10T12:20:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Cutato | native_name = <!-- {{native name|<tag>|<name>}} or {{native name list |tag1=<tag>|name1=<name> |tag2=<tag>|name2=<name> ... }} --> | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = Cuanza River System OSM.png | image_caption = Nidaamka Webiga Cuanza oo uu ku jiro Webiga Cutato (dhexda hoose) | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Angola]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Webiga Cuanza]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|10.5728|S|16.6050|E|source:wikidata}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Cutato''' waa wabi ku yaal bartamaha [[Angola]], waana wabi-gacmeed ka tirsan [[Webiga Cuanza]].<ref name="Edinburgh1917">{{cite book|author=Royal Society of Edinburgh|title=Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l4tPAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=22 March 2012|year=1917|publisher=The Society|page=512}}</ref> Wuxuu u qulqulaa dhinaca waqooyi-bari ee [[Benguela]].<ref name="Wahlen1839">{{cite book|last=Wahlen|first=Auguste|title=Dictionnaire géographie universel: contenant la description de tous les lieux du globe, intéressans sous le rapport de la géographie physique et politique, de l'histoire, de la statistique, du commerce, de l'industrie, etc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mpIPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA308|accessdate=22 March 2012|year=1839|publisher=J. de Waet|page=308|language=French}}</ref> Magaalada [[Cutato, Bié|Cutato]] waxay ku taal wabiga. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} 32bw6ffy6pg4ttlnoncze6ol88vqvts 0 48814 301439 2026-07-10T12:22:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Longa (Angola) | pushpin_map = Angola | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu ku yaal Angola | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Angola]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-10.236242|13.496122|format=dms|display=inline,title|region:AO_type:river}} }} '''Longa''' waa [[wabi]] ku yaal bartamaha [[Angola]]. Wabigu wuxuu sameeyaa xadka koonfureed ee [[Beerta Qaranka ee Kissama]] iyo xadka u dhexeeya [[Gobolka Bengo]] iyo [[Gobolka Cuanza Sul]]. Afkiisa waxaa ilaaliya carrada af-biyoodka oo dheer oo ku taal [[Badweynta Atlaantik]]. Waxay leedahay laba wabi-gacmeed oo waaweyn, Nhia iyo Mugige.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA12 Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1], J.-P. vanden Bossche, G. M. Bernacsek, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1990, {{ISBN|9251029830}}</ref> Dhulka fatahaadda ee qaybaha hoose ee wabiga waxaa ka mid ah Harada Hengue iyo Harada Toto. Goob loo dalxiis tago oo kalluumeysi ah ayaa ku taal afka wabiga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tracks4africa.co.za/listings/item/w268294/|title=Tracks4Africa}}</ref> Saldhig calooshood u shaqeystayaal ah ayaa ku yaallay Webiga Longa intii lagu jiray [[Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Angola]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=o4w2xNemc_EC&pg=PA410 War Dog: Fighting Other People's Wars-the Modern Mercenary in Combat], Al J. Venter, Casemate Publishers, Apr 19, 2006</ref> ''Chiloglanis sardinhai'' (nooc kalluunka bisadda ah) ayaa laga yaqaanaa oo kaliya wabiyada Longa iyo [[Webiga Caimbambo]].<ref>[http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/63370/0 Chiloglanis sardinhai], Red List, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 2007</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} 0dvdagqp3s9x14856cvh0fwgs3exkiz 0 48815 301441 2026-07-10T12:24:19Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Cuvo | image = Cachoeiras do Binda.jpg | image_caption = Binda Falls | pushpin_map = Angola | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu ku yaal Angola | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Angola]] | mouth= [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-10.862222|13.797222|format=dms|display=inline,title|region:AO_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} | length={{cvt|505|km|mi|abbr=on}} | basin_size={{cvt|22,908.3|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="South West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=163&catid=325&Itemid=179|title=South West Coast}}</ref> | discharge1_location=Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg=(Muddadii: 1971–2000){{cvt|369.1|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="South West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=163&catid=325&Itemid=179|title=South West Coast}}</ref> }} '''Cuvo''' waa [[wabi]] ku yaal bartamaha [[Angola]]. Afka wabigu wuxuu ku yaal [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] ee [[Benguela Bay]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=obA9AAAAYAAJ&dq=cuvo+river&pg=PA498 The Earth and Its Inhabitants ...: South and east Africa], Elisée Reclus, Ernest George Ravenstein, Augustus Henry Keane, D. Appleton, 1890, p. 8</ref> ee [[Gobolka Cuanza Sul]]. Cuvo waa magaciisa qaybaha sare; qaybtiisa hoose waxaa loo yaqaan '''Keve''' ama '''Queve'''.<ref>[http://angolaemb.com/angola.swf Angola Tourism], Angola Embassy</ref> Wabiga waxaa la mari karaa qulqulka kor ee ilaa [[Binga Falls]] oo u dhow [[Gabela, Angola|Gabela]]. Wabi-gacmeedyadiisa waaweyn waxaa ka mid ah [[Webiga Cussoi]]. Wabigu waxa laga yaabaa inuu yahay xadka koonfureed ee uu gaaro [[neef-biyoodka Afrika|neef-biyoodka Afrika]] (African manatee).<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&dq=cuvo+river&pg=PA601 A Directory of African Wetlands], R. H. Hughes, J. S. Hughes, G. M. Bernacsek, IUCN, 1992</ref> Dhulka fatahaadda ee wabiga iyo [[Kaynta Kumbira]] waa qayb ka mid ah [[Goob Muhiim u ah Shimbiraha]] oo leh dhowr nooc oo naadir ah.<ref>[http://www.stanford.edu/~cagan/Angola_Sekercioglu&Riley.pdf A brief survey of the birds in Kumbira Forest, Gabela, Angola, Çagan H Sekercioglu and Adam Riley, Ostrich 2005], {{ISSN|0030-6525}}</ref> Afka wabiga wuxuu leeyahay kayn [[mangrov]] ah.<ref>[http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Portals/15/ANGOLA.pdf 5.1 Angola], Ramsar Sites Information Service</ref> == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Liiska wabiyada Angola]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} bh1ze86sdayacc0k2bhy4e68uijx7ax 0 48816 301443 2026-07-10T12:26:20Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Rio Cubal | source1_location = [Cuanza Sul] | mouth_location = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = Angola | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = }} ''Rio Cubal'' waa wabi dhinaca koonfureed ka xiga [[Sumbe]], [[Angola]] iyo wax yar koonfur ka xigta [[Kikombo, Angola|Kikombo]] ee Gobolka [[Cuanza Sul]], [[Angola]]. Dhinacyada dhagaxa ciidda ah ee labada dhinac ee Rio Quicombo. Waxay ku taallaa buundada ka gudubta wabiga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rio Quicombo, Sport climbing |url=https://www.thecrag.com/en/climbing/angola/area/9255368898 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=theCrag |language=en}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{coord|11|26|S|14|00|E|display=title|region:AO_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} 599udfwp6s4wqy4lqlb6z2rom3inl1g 0 48817 301444 2026-07-10T12:27:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Webiga Catumbela|qid=Q10361729|map=CatumbelaRiver.jpg|image=Small boat in the Catumbela River - Angola 2015.jpg|image_caption=Doon-wade ku dhex maraya biyaha Webiga Catumbela sannadkii 2015.|name_other=Catumbella, Cata-Bella|subdivision_type1=Dalalka|subdivision_name1=[[Angola]]|subdivision_type2=Gobollada|subdivision_name2=[[Gobolka Benguela]]|subdivision_type3=Magaalooyinka|subdivision_name3=[[Chikuma, Angola|Chikuma]], [[Biópio]], [[Catumbela]]|image_size=300px|map_size=300px|length={{Convert|240|km|mi|abbr=on}}|mouth=Afka wabiga Catumbela|basin_size={{Convert|16500|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}|tributaries_left=[[Webiga Cubal|Cubal]]|tributaries_right=[[Webiga Cuíva|Cuíva]]|map_caption=Khariidadda Webiga Catumbela iyo wabi-gacmeedyada.}} '''Catumbela''' waa wabi ku yaal bartamaha [[Angola]]. Afka wabigu wuxuu ku yaal Afka wabiga Catumbela ee [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] magaalada [[Catumbela]], oo u dhexaysa [[Lobito]] iyo [[Benguela]], waana {{convert|240|km|mi}} meesha uu ka soo bilaabmo buuraleyda [[Cassoco]]. Catumbela waxay biyo siisaa magaalada Lobito. Afka Catumbela waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay gobol cagaaran oo ay ku hareeraysan yihiin dhul bannaana oo xeebta ah iyo dhowr mayl gudaha ah halkaas oo ay ka qoto dheerayso dooxada dhagaxa ah ee buuraha qaawan.<ref name= "coco">[https://archive.org/details/chocolateislands0000higg_l3i4/page/83 Chocolate Islands: Cocoa, Slavery, and Colonial Africa], Catherine Higgs, Ohio University Press, Jul 3, 2012, pp. 83-85</ref> Higgaadda kale waa Catumbella iyo Cata-Bella.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NPo_AAAAYAAJ&dq=Catumbela+River+atlantic&pg=PA768 A Sailing Directory for the Ethiopic Or South Atlantic Ocean, Including a Description of the Coasts of South America and Africa], Alexander G. Findlay, Richard Holmes Laurie, 1883, p. 767</ref> Wabi-gacmeedyadiisa ugu waaweyn waa [[Webiga Cuíva]] oo ku yaal bangiga midig, iyo [[Webiga Cubal]] oo ku yaal bangiga bidix. Catumbela waxay ahayd xarun [[Taariikhda addoonsiga|addoonsiga]] dunida cusub ilaa laga mamnuucay 1836. Bortuqiisku waxay markaas ka dhisteen qalcaddii afka wabiga waxaana aagga ka soo baxday beel yar. Dhoofinta [[saliidda timirta]], caagga,<ref name= "coco" /> serviçais ([[adeegayaal qandaraas ku shaqeeya]]), khamriga, sonkorta iyo badeecadaha kale ee laga soo dhoofiyo gudaha dalka ayaa taageeray magaalo yar oo ay ku nool yihiin dhowr boqol oo gumaystayaal Bortuqiis ah. Shirkadda sonkorta ee Cassaquel, oo la aasaasay 1913, ka dibna loo yaqaan Primeiro de Maio, ayaa ka shaqeysay bangiyada wabiga waxayna noqotay soo saaraha sonkorta ugu weyn ee Angola. Waxay xirmay 1990 laakiin meeshii ugu sarreysay waxay shaqaaleysiisteen in ka badan 5,000 oo ku noolaa daraasiin magaalooyin shirkadeed ah.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=vRvIAAAAQBAJ&dq=Catumbela+River+atlantic&pg=PA97 Company Towns: Labor, Space, and Power Relations Across Time and Continents], Marcelo J. Borges, Susana B. Torres, Palgrave Macmillan, Aug 16, 2012, pp. 97ff.</ref> Laba biyo-xireen oo ku yaal Webiga Catumbela ayaa soo saara koronto koronto u ah aagagga Lobito iyo Benguela. Biyo-xireenka Lomaum ee [[Gobolka Benguela]] ayaa la dhisay 1965, waxaana burburiyay [[UNITA]] 1983 ka dibna dib loo dhisay iyadoo la kaashanayo Bortuqiiska.<ref name=mps9_13/><ref name=pp2003/><ref name=aa20100722/> [[Tareenka Benguela]] wuxuu buundo ka dhisay wabiga 1905. Buundo cusub oo ah {{convert|438|m|ft|adj=mid|-long}} oo ka dul marta wabiga oo ku taal wadada wayn ee Lobito ilaa Benguela ayaa la dhammeeyay 2009.<ref>[http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2009/09/11/7757/ Bridge over Catumbela river, Angola opens to traffic], Macauhub, September 11, 2009</ref> == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Tamarta ku taal Angola]] * [[Liiska wabiyada Angola]] == Tixraac == <references> <ref name=pp2003>{{cite book | page=52 | title=Africa South of the Sahara 2004 | series=Regional surveys of the world | edition=33rd | publisher=Psychology Press | year=2003 | isbn=1-85743-183-9 }}</ref> <ref name=mps9_13>{{cite journal | title=Portuguese Aid for Lomaum Dam | journal=Modern Power Systems | volume=9 | page=13 | publisher=Miller Freeman Publications | year=1989 }}</ref> <ref name=aa20100722>{{cite news | title=Angola: Power Production Encourages Investments in Industry | date=July 22, 2010 | work=All Africa | url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201007221052.html | accessdate=2011-04-05 }}</ref> </references> {{coord|12|27|S|13|29|E|display=title|region:AO_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} rsq3qnetgyinlcvm1b86v1cwjwmqehz 0 48818 301446 2026-07-10T12:29:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Coporolo | pushpin_map = Angola | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu ku yaal Angola | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Angola]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-12.930650|12.964208|format=dms|display=inline,title|region:AO_type:river}} }} '''Coporolo''' waa [[wabi]] xilliyeed ku yaal [[Angola]]. Wuxuu dhex maraa [[Dombe Grande]] ee [[Gobolka Benguela]]. Mararka qaarkood waxaa loo tixgeliyey inuu yahay wabi joogto ah.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=YfERAAAAYAAJ&dq=coporolo+River+intermittent&pg=PA8 The Earth and Its Inhabitants, Africa: South and east Africa], Elisée Reclus, D. Appleton, 1890</ref> Afkiisu wuxuu ku yaal [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] aagga biyo-mareenkuna waa {{convert|15674|km2|sqmi}}. Fatahaadda xilliyeedka ayaa ah dhibaato soo noqnoqota iyadoo 6,700 oo qof ay ku barakaceen fatahaad dhacday Luulyo 2011.<ref>[http://www.opais.net/pt/opais/?id=1657&det=19469&mid= A fúria do rio Coporolo], O Pais, 7 - 3 -2011</ref> Shaqada lagu xakameynayo fatahaadda xilliyeedka si loo ilaaliyo magaalada iyo beeraha ayaa la qorsheeyay in la qabto sannadka xiga. == Eeg sidoo kale == *[[Liiska wabiyada Angola]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} 0yeep8wfe1vptvw7nj89o90dqj1phvt 0 48819 301450 2026-07-10T12:31:39Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bentiaba | pushpin_map = Angola | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu ku yaal Angola | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Angola]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-14.277774|12.362034|format=dms|region:AO_type:river|display=inline,title}} }} '''Bentiaba''' (ama ''Rio de São Nicolau'' ama Webiga Saint Nicolas) waa wabi ku yaal koonfurta [[Angola]]. Afkiisu wuxuu ku yaal [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] meel u dhow [[Communes of Angola|degmada]] Bentiaba ee [[Gobolka Namibe]]. Bangiga wabiga ayaa soo saaray tiro ka mid ah lafaha xoolaha ee Cretaceous oo ay ku jiraan [[mosasaur]]s oo ka yimid Itombe Formation.<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/2493354/New_mosasaur_material_from_the_Maastrichtian_of_Angola_with_notes_on_the_phylogeny_distribution_and_palaeoecology_of_the_genus_Prognathodon New mosasaur material from the Maastrichtian of Angola, with notes on the phylogeny, distribution and palaeoecology of the genus Prognathodon], Anne S. Schulp, Michael J. Polcyn, Octávio Mateus, Louis L. Jacobs, Maria Luísa Morais & Tatiana da Silva Tavares</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Polcyn|first1=Michael J.|last2=Jacobs|first2=Louis L.|last3=Schulp|first3=Anne S.|last4=Mateus|first4=Octávio|date=March 2010|title=The North African Mosasaur Globidens phosphaticus from the Maastrichtian of Angola|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08912961003754978|journal=Historical Biology|language=en|volume=22|issue=1–3|pages=175–185|doi=10.1080/08912961003754978|s2cid=62882332 |issn=0891-2963|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Bentiaba sidoo kale waa magaca la siiyay sariirta lafaha ee Cretaceous.<ref>Strganac, C., Jacobs L., Polcyn M., Mateus O., Myers T., Araújo R., Fergunson K. M., Gonçalves A. O., Morais M. L., Schulp A. S., da Tavares T. S., & Salminen J. (2014). Geological Setting and Paleoecology of the Upper Cretaceous Bench 19 Marine Vertebrate Bonebed at Bentiaba, Angola. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. 1-16.</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 5xp7lau7t90xxsnsjc0f3zyn6updmsp 0 48820 301451 2026-07-10T12:33:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bero | pushpin_map = Angola | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu ku yaal Angola | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Angola]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|15|10|S|12|10|E|display=inline,title|region:AO_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} }} '''Bero''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfurta [[Angola]]. Afkiisu wuxuu ku yaal [[Little Fish Bay]] ee [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] dhinaca waqooyi ee magaalada [[Moçâmedes]] ee [[Gobolka Namibe]].<ref name="mapcartaBR">{{cite web|url=http://mapcarta.com/19048986|title=Bero|work=Mapcarta|accessdate=10 October 2016}}</ref> == Taariikh == Sannadkii 1849 gumaystayaashii Bortuqiiska ee ka yimid [[Brazil]] ayaa bilaabay beeridda dhinacyada wabiga.<ref>[http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00053126/00001/2j Sea fisheries and fish ports in Angola], Irene S. Van Dongen, 1962, p. 14</ref> Intii lagu jiray muddo colaadeedkii [[Ovimbundu]] ee 1862, Bortuqiisku waxay ciidamo dhigeen labada dhinac ee Bero.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Wb4NAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22rio+bero%22+angola&pg=PA200 Relatorio Do Governador Geral Da Provincia de Angola: Sebastiao Lopes de Calheiros E Menezes Referido Ao Anno de 1861] Angola. Govêrno Geralm Impr. Nacional, 1867, p. 200</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=mw1n9-3ZvcQC&dq=1862+angola+ovimbundu&pg=PA314 General history of Africa. 6. Africa in the nineteenth century until the 1880s], J. F. Ade Ajayi, UNESCO, Jan 1, 1989, p. 314</ref> Dhamaadkii qarnigii 19-aad iyo bilowgii qarnigii 20-aad, harooyinka Webiga Bero waxay taageereen beeraha miraha, cudbiga, sonkorta iyo qaxwaha, iyo sidoo kale inay siiyaan biyo nadiif ah maraakiibta uumiga ee maraya in kasta oo la xusay inay jiri karto hal cag oo biyo ah wabiga [[xilliga abaarta]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=9tINAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22bero+river%22&pg=PA421 Africa Pilot: The southwest coast of Africa from Cape Palmas to the Cape of Good Hope, including the islands of St. Helena, Ascension, Tristan da Cunha, and neighboring islands], United States Hydrographic Office, 1916, pp. 420-421</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=KTEMAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22bero+river%22&pg=PA758 Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, Volume 5], Edward Stanford, 1883, p. 458.</ref> Shaqooyinka lagu nadiifinayo wabiga iyo xoojinta bangiyadiisa meel u dhow afka wabiga ayaa la sameeyay 2000-meeyadii si loo xakameeyo fatahaadda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.opway.pt/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=484&Itemid=108 |title=Opway.pt - Rio Bero - Desassoreamento e Regularização do Leito do Rio Bero - 3ª Fase - Namibe. |access-date=2014-01-05 |archive-date=2014-01-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.portalangop.co.ao/angola/en_us/especiais/reconstrucao-nacional/2010/9/40/Urbanisation-minister-checks-cleaning-works-Bero-River,2720f647-aee2-4fb6-898a-d003bc968928.html Urbanisation minister checks cleaning works on Bero River], ANGOP - Angola Press News Agency, 05 Oct 2010</ref> Dhirtii, [[Euphorbia berotica]], waxaa loogu magac daray wabiga sababtoo ah waxaa laga helay aagga.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=u2n5vusQ1DEC&dq=%22rio+bero%22+angola&pg=PA25 Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names], Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton Springer, Mar 11, 2004, p. 25</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} tapddff9c71cxjbsvun5r322wy8p606 0 48821 301452 2026-07-10T12:35:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Curoca | pushpin_map = Angola | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu ku yaal Angola | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Angola]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-15.725049|11.910819|format=dms|display=inline,title|region:AO_type:river}} }} '''Curoca''' waa [[wabi]] xilliyeed ku yaal [[Gobolka Namibe]], koonfurta [[Angola]] kaas oo leh harooyin biyood oo hadha inta lagu jiro xilliyada abaarta. Waa mid ka mid ah laba wabi oo kaliya oo ku yaal [[Beerta Qaranka ee Iona]], oo sidoo kale ay ku jiraan ciidda dhaqaaqa ee [[Saxaraha Namib]].<ref>[http://www.cbd.int/doc/world/ao/ao-nr-04-en.pdf FRAMEWORK REPORT ON ANGOLA’S BIODIVERSITY], Soki Kuedikuenda, Miguel N. G. Xavier, Ministry of Environment, Angola, 2009</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.africanbudgetsafaris.com/locations/namib-desert/| title= Namib Desert }} Saturday, 21 July 2018 </ref> Curoca waxay qayb ka tahay xadka waqooyi ee beerta waxayna sidoo kale dhex martaa [[Lagoa dos Arcos]] iyo [[Beerta Dabiiciga ah ee Gobolka Namibe]] (''Parque Natural Regional do Namibe''). Afkiisu wuxuu ku yaal [[Badweynta Atlaantik]], waqooyiga beesha [[Tômbwa]]. Harooyinka biyuhu waxay taageeraan dhirta oo ay ku jiraan bamboo iyo geedo qodax leh iyo xayawaanno ay ka mid yihiin springbok iyo oryx. Oogada Lagoa dos Arcos waxaa loo yaqaanaa meel dalxiis.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=8WeNJD2RW3YC&dq=curoca+municipality+river&pg=PA206 Sustainable Tourism V], F. D. Pineda, C. A. Brebbia,WIT Press, 2012</ref> Fatahaadda xilliyeedka ee wabigu waxay taageertaa beerashada xaddidan iyo daaqsinta laga fuliyo aagga. Koox [[Dadka San|San]] ah oo ku nool meel u dhow wabiga waxay ku hadli jireen luuqad la yiraahdo [[Luuqadda Kwadi|Curoca]] laakiin luuqaddu hadda waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay dabar go'day. Xubnaha kooxdu waxay qaateen [[Luuqadaha Bantu|luuqadda Bantu]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=p-7ON7Rvx_AC&dq=curoca+ethnic&pg=PT942 Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages], Christopher Moseley, Routledge, Dec 6, 2012,</ref> == Eeg sidoo kale == *[[Kuroka]], degmo ka tirsan Gobolka Kunene *[[Liiska wabiyada Angola]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} ny9oycbm5q7kuqbkcsgwznko57ii6ru 0 48822 301453 2026-07-10T12:37:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Okavango | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Namibia Okavango 2.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Okavango oo ku yaal Kavango, Namibia | map = Okavango River Basin map.png | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda dooxada wabiga Okavango | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 4 <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalalka | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Angola]]|[[Namibia]]|[[Botswana]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|1700|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = {{convert|350|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{convert|475|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = {{convert|1000|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Cachiungo]], Angola | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|-12.706|16.081|format=dms|type:river_region:AO|display=i}} | source1_elevation = {{Convert|1788|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Okavango Delta]] | mouth_location = [[Moremi Game Reserve]], Botswana | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-18.988|22.576|format=dms|region:BW|display=it}} | mouth_elevation = {{Convert|978|m|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|530000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Kavango River view.jpg|thumb|Muuqaalka wabiga Kavango ee Hakusembe river lodge]] '''Wabiga Okavango''' (oo hore loogu qori jiray ''Okovango'' ama ''Okovanggo'') waa wabi ku yaal koonfur-galbeed Afrika. Waxaa looga yaqaan magacan gudaha [[Botswana]], sida '''Cubango''' gudaha [[Angola]], iyo '''Kavango''' gudaha [[Namibia]].<ref name=mendelsohn/> Waa nidaamka afaraad ee ugu dheer wabiyada [[koonfurta Afrika]], isagoo u qulqula koonfur-bari masaafo dhan {{convert|1,600|km|mi|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}. Waxay ka bilaabataa meel sare oo ah {{convert|1300|m|ft}} oo ku taal buuraleyda bacaadka ah ee Angola. Koonfurta fog, waxay qayb ka tahay xadka u dhexeeya Angola iyo Namibia, ka dibna waxay u qulqushaa Botswana. Okavango ma laha meel uu ka baxo oo bad ah. Taa beddelkeeda, waxay ku dhex shubataa [[Okavango Delta]] ama Okavango [[Alluvial fan|Alluvial Fan]], oo ku yaal [[dooxada endorheic]] ee [[Saxaraha Kalahari]]. '''Wabiga Cuito''' waa wabi-gacmeed weyn. == Magaca == Magaca ''Okavango'' wuxuu ka soo jeedaa ''Kavango,'' kaas oo loola jeedo [[dadka Kavango]] ee waqooyiga Namibia. Higgaadda Ingiriisiga ee hore waxaa ka mid ahaa ''Okovango'', halka qaar ka mid ah aqoonyahannada Namibiya ay door bidaan ''Kavango'' marka ay tixraacayaan wabiga iyo gobolka Namibiya. Taariikhyahan Andreas Eckl wuxuu xusay in warbixinnadii [[Gumaystihii Jarmalka ee Koonfur Galbeed Afrika|gumaystaha Jarmalka]] ay adeegsadeen ''Okavango'', laakiin in ''O-'' bilowga ah aysan ku badneyn luuqadaha maxalliga ah ee Kavango, taas beddelkeedana waxaa loo nisbeeyay saamaynta [[Luuqadda Herero]].<ref name="eckl-2007">{{cite journal |last=Eckl |first=Andreas |year=2007 |title=Reports from ‘beyond the line’: The accumulation of knowledge of Kavango and its peoples by the German colonial administration 1891–1911 |url=https://welwitschia.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/JNS_June2007_7to37.pdf |journal=Journal of Namibian Studies |volume=1 |pages=7–37 |access-date=12 May 2026}}</ref> == Qulqulka == {{Main|Dooxada Kalahari}} Wabiyada Cubango iyo Cuito waa wabi-gacmeedyada ugu waaweyn ee [[Okavango Delta]], waxayna saameeyaan caafimaadkeeda.<ref name=mendelsohn>{{cite web | last=Mendelsohn | first=John | title=A River in Trouble | website=Conservation Namibia | date=9 September 2021 | url=https://conservationnamibia.com/articles/cn2021-river-in-trouble.php | access-date=8 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Goyder | first1=David J. | last2=Barker | first2=Nigel | last3=Bester | first3=Stoffel P. | last4=Frisby | first4=Arnold | last5=Janks | first5=Matt | last6=Gonçalves | first6=Francisco M.P.|display-authors=2 | title=The Cuito catchment of the Okavango system: a vascular plant checklist for the Angolan headwaters | journal=PhytoKeys | publisher=Pensoft Publishers | issue=113 | date=27 November 2018 | issn=1314-2003 | doi=10.3897/phytokeys.113.30439 | doi-access=free | pages=1–31| pmid=30524187 | pmc=6279898 | bibcode=2018PhytK.113....1G | hdl=2263/71882 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> Gudaha Angola, [[gubasho la xakameeyey]] oo xilliyeed ah oo dhirta ah ayaa xirta qeybaha sare ee Cuito waxayna yareeyaan qulqulka biyaha ee hoose maadaama biyaha urursan ay halkii ka qulqulaan [[dib-u-buuxinta biyaha dhulka hoostiisa|biyo-mareenka bacaadka ah]]<!-- [[Percolation]] -->.<ref name=into>{{cite web |last1=Society |first1=National Geographic |author-link=National Geographic |title=Okavango Wilderness Project |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/projects/okavango/ |website=www.nationalgeographic.org |publisher=[[Into the Okavango]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201108114019/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/projects/okavango/ |archive-date=8 November 2020 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref> Sannadkii 2015, National Geographic waxay bilowday Mashruuca Okavango Wilderness (NGOWP) si ay si ballaaran u sahamiyaan Okavango/Cubango Basin. Sannadkii 2023, NGOWP waxay daabaceen natiijooyinkooda oo ay ku jirtay helitaanka isha asalka ah. Isha waxaa laga helay dhul-beereed cufan oo ku yaal Buuraleyda Angola, oo si habboon loogu magacaabay "Angola Highlands Water Tower" (AHWT) ama Lisima Iya Mwono - oo macnaheedu yahay "Isha Nolosha" - ee luuqadda Luchaze. In ka badan 12 cagood oo qoto dheer meelaha qaar, AHWT waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inay haysato 423km<sup>3</sup> (ama in ka badan 100 tiriliyan oo galloon) oo biyo ah, taasoo siisa in ka badan 95% biyaha Okavanga Basin. Sannadkii 2026, AHWT waxaa loo asteeyay "Wetland of International Importance" ee ugu horreeya Angola ee uu cayimay Axdiga Ramsar ee ku saabsan dhul-qoyan iyo dawladda Angola. Kahor inta aysan galin Botswana, wabigu wuxuu hoos u dhacaa {{cvt|4|m}} taxane ah oo hirar degdeg ah oo loo yaqaan [[Popa Falls]], oo muuqda marka wabigu hooseeyo, sida inta lagu jiro xilliga abaarta.<ref name=":2">Siyabona Africa Travel (Pty) Ltd, "Popa Falls | Okavango River | Botswana" webpage: [http://www.travel.za.net/africa_popa_falls.html TravelZA-PopaFalls]</ref> Xilliga roobka, qulqulka loo qoondeeyey [[Wabiga Boteti]] ayaa markeeda xilli ahaan u qulqula [[Makgadikgadi Pan]]s, kaas oo leh aag ballaaran oo [[dhul-qoyan]] ah xilliga roobka halkaas oo tobanaan kun oo [[flamingo]]s ay ku kulmaan xagaa kasta.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Andy Burnham, Pete Evans (Layout), The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map |title=Makgadikgadi |url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&mode=&order=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030065111/https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&mode=&order=0 |archive-date=2023-10-30 |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=The Megalithic Portal |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Qeyb ka mid ah qulqulka wabiga ayaa buuxiya [[Harada Ngami]]. == Fatahaadda == [[File:Popafälle (2018).jpg|thumb|Popa Falls (2018)]] Xilli roobaad kasta, Angola waxay heshaa saddex jeer in ka badan roobabka Botswana, taasoo soo saarta qulqul ka sarreeya sidii caadiga ahayd oo gala Okavango, iyadoo u beddelaysa aagagga saxaraha ee dibadda ah dhul-qoyan weyn. In kasta oo roobabka xagaaga ay ka da'aan Angola bisha Janaayo, waxay qaataan hal bil oo dhan si ay ugu safraan 1,000&nbsp;km ee ugu horreeya Wabiga Okavango, ka dibna waxay qaataan afar bilood oo kale si ay ugu [[miirid|sifeeyaan]] dhirta iyo kanaalo badan oo ka mid ah 250&nbsp;km ee ugu dambeeya ee delta-ga. Natiijo ahaan, fatahaaddu waa tan ugu weyn inta u dhaxaysa Juun iyo Agoosto, inta lagu jiro bilaha jiilaalka ee abaarta ee Botswana. Delta-gu markaas wuxuu bararaa ilaa saddex jeer oo ka mid ah cabbirkiisa joogtada ah, isagoo soo jiidanaya xayawaanno ka yimid kilomitir hareeraha iyo abuurista mid ka mid ah uruurinta ugu weyn ee Afrika ee [[duurjoogta]]. Meeshiisa ugu ballaaran sannad fatahaad weyn, [[qoyan-xilliyeedka]] wuxuu gaaraa 150&nbsp;km oo ka kala imanaya bari ilaa galbeed; mid ka mid ah arrimaha horseeda dabeecadda mar walba isbeddela ee delta waa fidsanaanta aagga. Haddii qof uu qaato qayb iskutallaab ah oo ka mid ah delta meeshiisa ugu ballaaran, qofku wuxuu ogaan lahaa in isbeddelka dhererka ee ka yimaada celceliska in ka badan 150&nbsp;km uu ka yar yahay 2 m, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in dhigaal bacaad yar uu keeni karo isbeddello waaweyn.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Okavango Delta – Part 2 {{!}} |url=http://blog.africabespoke.com:80/okavango-delta-part-2/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20180621102937/http://blog.africabespoke.com:80/okavango-delta-part-2/ |archive-date=2018-06-21 |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=blog.africabespoke.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Sannadaha aadka u roobka badan, qeyb ka mid ah qulqulka wabiga ayaa laga yaabaa inay u fidaan Wabiga Magweggana (dhab ahaantii waa [[wabi-gacmeed]] waqooyi-bari ee Okavango Delta) oo gala [[Wabiga Zambezi]], iyagoo dhaafaya [[Saxaraha Kalahari|Kalahari]]. == Gaadiidka fariisinta == Wabigu wuxuu sannadkii qaadaa 28,000 oo tan oo [[fariisin la hakiyay]] iyo qaddar la mid ah culeyska sariirta ilaa qoyan-xilliyeedka terminalka.<ref name="hani">{{cite journal |last1=Hanibal Lemma |first1=iyo asxaabtiisa |title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia |journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=2019 |volume=577 |article-number=123968 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968 |bibcode=2019JHyd..57723968L |s2cid=199099061 }}</ref> Inta badan fariisinka qaybaha ah ee uu qaado wabigu waa bacaad wanaagsan, oo leh xoogaa dhoobo ah iyo dhiiqo, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay dhismaha juqraafiyeed ee dooxada Wabiga Okavango kaas oo inta badan uu hoos maro bacaadka Kalahari. Waxaa jira uruurin hoose oo ah adkaha milmay ee biyaha wabiga - qiyaastii 40&nbsp;mg/L, oo inta badan ka kooban silica, calcium iyo magnesium bicarbonates - laakiin adkahan milmay waxay sameeyaan qaybta ugu weyn ee fariisinka loo qaado delta sababtoo ah qaddarka biyaha sannadlaha ah waa mid aad u weyn.<ref name="SafGeo">{{cite journal |last1=McCarthy |first1=T S |title= The okavango delta and its place in the geomorphological evolution of Southern Africa |journal=South African Journal of Geology |date=October 2013 |volume=116 |issue=1 |pages=1–54 |doi=10.2113/gssajg.116.1.1|bibcode=2013SAJG..116....1M }}</ref> == Taariikh == Intii lagu jiray xilliyadii qaboobaha ee taariikhda Dhulka, qeyb ka mid ah Kalahari waxay ahayd haro weyn, oo loo yaqaan [[Harada Makgadikgadi]]. Waqtigan, Okavango waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah wabi-gacmeedyadiisa ugu waaweyn. [[File:Cuito and Okavango (2018).jpg|thumb|Isku biirka Cuito (laga soo bilaabo sare) iyo Okavango (qulqulaya bidix ilaa midig) (2018)<br />{{Coord|18|01|40|S| 020|47|31|E|display=inline|dim:10000}}]] == Khilaafka biyaha == Labada Namibia iyo Botswana waxay la kulmaan abaaro, natiijo ahaan, walaac ayaa laga muujiyay khilaaf suurtagal ah oo ku saabsan isticmaalka biyaha wabiga. Namibia waxay dhistay kanaalka biyaha, oo dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii 300&nbsp;km, waxayna soo jeedisay mashruuc lagu dhisayo dhuun 250&nbsp;km ah si looga leexiyo biyaha wabiga loo geeyo Namibia si ay u caawiso yareynta abaarta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hWrEcl2ydzEC&pg=PA294|title=Resource Politics in Sub-Saharan Africa|last=Basedau|first=Matthias|date=2005-01-01|publisher=GIGA-Hamburg|isbn=978-3-928049-91-7|pages=294|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3ilzosWx4wC&pg=PA96|title=Management of Transboundary Rivers and Lakes|last1=Varis|first1=Olli|last2=Tortajada|first2=Cecilia|last3=Biswas|first3=Asit K.|date=2008-03-15|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-74928-8|pages=96|language=en}}</ref> Botswana, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay isticmaashaa Okavango Delta labadaba dakhliga dalxiiska iyo ilaha biyaha. Waaxda Arrimaha Biyaha ee Botswana waxay soo gudbisay in 97% biyaha wabiga ay ku lumaan uumiga, sidaas darteed dalku ma awoodo inuu lumiyo wax biyo ah oo dheeraad ah. Namibia, dhankeeda, waxay ku doodday inay leexin doonto oo kaliya nus ka mid ah boqolkiiba qulqulka wabiga, iyo inay xaq u leedahay wixii biyo ah ee ku qulqula dhulkeeda. Si wax looga qabto arrimahaas oo kale, bishii Sebtembar 1994, Angola, Namibia, iyo Botswana waxay saxiixdeen heshiis dhinacyo badan leh si ay u sameeyaan Komishanka Biyaha ee Dooxada Wabiga Okavango ee Joogtada ah, si ay talooyin u siiyaan saddexda waddan oo ku saabsan hababka ugu wanaagsan ee loo wadaagi karo kheyraadka Wabiga Okavango.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> === Sahaminta shidaalka === [[ReconAfrica]], oo ah shirkad sahaminta batroolka oo xarunteedu tahay [[Canada]], waxay heshay shatiyo sahamin oo loogu talagalay in ka badan 13,600 mayl laba jibaaran oo dhul ah oo ku yaal [[Gobolkii Kavango]] ee hore ee Namibia iyo gudaha [[Botswana]]. Bishii Janaayo 2021 ReconAfrica waxay ku dhawaaqday bilowga hawlaha qodista ee ceelka sahaminta ugu horreeya. Dadka u dhaqdhaqaaqa deegaanka ayaa muujiyay walaac ah in qorshayaasha ReconAfrica ee ceelashooda tijaabada ah aan si habboon loogu baarin habka dib u eegista deegaanka ee Namibia, si kastaba ha ahaatee ReconAfrica iyo labada dawladood ee Namibia iyo Botswana waxay sheegeen in hawlaha shirkadu ay raaceen habkii saxda ahaa iyo in aysan jiri doonin wax jajabin ah (fracking).<ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=ReconAfrica Environmental, Social, and Governance |url=https://reconafrica.com/our-sustainable-approach/environmental-social-governance/ |access-date=20 May 2021}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{cite press release |title=Press release - Clarity on explorative activities by Reconnaissance Energy Botswana |url=https://twitter.com/bwgovernment/status/1359497088128733191 |website=twitter.com |access-date=30 April 2021}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{cite web |title=Factual Response to article titled: "Oil Drillers Threaten Okavango Ecosystem" |url=http://www.mme.gov.na/news/73/No-Fracking-Activities-will-be-conducted-In-the-Okavango-Delta |website=mme.gov.na |access-date=30 April 2021 |archive-date=18 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518042410/http://www.mme.gov.na/news/73/No-Fracking-Activities-will-be-conducted-In-the-Okavango-Delta |url-status=dead }}</ref> Aagga qodista ee ReconAfrica wuxuu ku yaal gobolka [[Kavango West]] kaas oo leh beerta ilaalinta ee dalal badan, lix kayd oo duurjoog ah oo maxalli ah oo la maareeyo, iyo hal goob oo [[UNESCO World Heritage]] ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee shatiga qodista kuma jiro mid ka mid ah aagahan la ilaaliyo.<ref>[https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/reconafrica-start-drilling-first-well-kavango-basin-namibia/ ReconAfrica waxay bilowday qodista ceelka ugu horreeya ee Kavango Basin, Namibia]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210219215106/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/oil-drilling-fracking-planned-okavango-wilderness Qodista saliidda, jajabinta suurtagalka ah ee loo qorsheeyay gobolka Okavango—kutaalka ugu dambeeya ee maroodiyaasha]</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons}} {{Portal|Juqraafiga|Afrika}} * [http://www.okacom.org/ OKACOM Bogga hore] {{Authority control}} atvvzty3w657u9xatsdlru6enna3bmr 0 48823 301457 2026-07-10T12:40:20Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Chari | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = Chari River.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = Charirivermap.png | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda muujinaysa dooxada biyo-mareenka ee Wabiga Chari. | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]], [[Chad]], [[Cameroon]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|1400|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= N'djamena | discharge1_min = 8 m<sup>3</sup>/s<ref name='GRDC'>{{cite web|url=https://www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1537100.html|title=GRDC station information for Njamena (Fort Lamy)}}</ref> | discharge1_avg = 1059 m<sup>3</sup>/s<ref name='GRDC' /> | discharge1_max = 4846 m<sup>3</sup>/s<ref name='GRDC' /> <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = Bamingui | source1_location = [[Mbolo]], Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|7.382|20.963|format=dms|display=i}} | source1_elevation = {{Convert|549|m|abbr=on}} | source2 = Gribingui | source2_location = [[Mbrès]], Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika | source2_coordinates= {{Coord|6.673|19.832|format=dms|display=i}} | source2_elevation = {{Convert|631|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Harada Chad]] | mouth_location = Kinziyakeu, Cameroon | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|12.978|14.512|format=dms|display=i}} | mouth_elevation = {{Convert|281|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|548747|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = [[Webiga Logone]] | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:View of Chari.jpg|thumb|Wabiga Chari]] '''Wabiga Chari''', ama '''Wabiga Shari''', waa wabi dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|1400|km|mi}}, kaas oo qulqula gudaha [[Bartamaha Afrika]]. Waa isha ugu weyn ee biyaha [[Harada Chad]], taas oo ku taal isgoyska afar waddan: [[Nigeria]], [[Niger]], [[Chad]], iyo [[Cameroon]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Chari-River|title=Chari River {{!}} river, Africa|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-06-06|language=en}}</ref> == Juqraafi == Wabiga Chari wuxuu ka soo qulqulaa [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]] isagoo sii mara Chad ilaa uu ka gaaro [[Harada Chad]], isagoo raacaya xadka Cameroon ee [[N'Djamena]], halkaas oo uu kula midoobo wabi-gacmeedkiisa galbeed ee ugu weyn, [[Webiga Logone]]. Wuxuu bixiyaa 90 boqolkiiba biyaha ku qulqula Harada Chad. [[Biyo-mareenka]] wabigu wuxuu daboolaa {{convert|548747|km2|mi2}}. Wabi-gacmeedka ugu weyn waa Webiga Logone, halka wabi-gacmeedyada yaryar ay ka mid yihiin [[Bahr Salamat]], [[Webiga Ouham|Bahr Sah]], [[Webiga Bahr Aouk|Bahr Aouk]] iyo [[Bahr Kéita]]. Inta badan dadka Chad, oo ay ku jiraan [[Sarh]] iyo caasimadda N'Djamena, ayaa ku urursan agagaarka wabiga. Sida 2016, Chad waxay weli tahay mid ka mid ah afarta waddan ee [[cudurkan Guinea worm]] uu weli ka jiro. Inta badan kiisaska hadhay ayaa ku urursan hareeraha Wabiga Chari. Wabigu wuxuu taageeraa warshad kalluumeysi oo maxalli ah oo muhiim ah. Mid ka mid ah kalluunka maxalliga ah ee ugu qiimaha badan waa [[Nile perch]]. Tan iyo 1960-meeyadii, waxaa jiray soo jeedinno lagu leexinayo biyaha [[Wabiga Ubangi]] loo leexiyo Chari si loo soo nooleeyo Harada Chad, taas oo ka dhigan in la beddelo [[stream capture|qabashada]] Ubangi-ga sare ee Chari oo uu sameeyay [[Wabiga Congo]] taas oo la aaminsan yahay inay dhacday horraantii Pleistocene.<ref>Fiiri Cooper, John E. iyo Hull, Gordon; ''Gorilla Pathology and Health: With a Catalogue of Preserved Materials'', p. 371 {{ISBN|9780128020395}}</ref> == Taariikh == [[Dadka Sao|Sao]] ayaa la sheegaa inay ku noolaayeen wabigan agtiisa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Li|first1=Ying |last2=Trillo|first2=E. A. |last3=Murr|first3=L. E. |date=2000 |journal=Journal of Materials Science Letters |title=Friction-stir welding of aluminum alloy 2024 to silver |volume=19 |issue=12 |pages=1047–1051 |doi=10.1023/a:1006795221194 |s2cid=135070501 |issn=0261-8028}}{{failed verification|date=June 2023}}</ref> Dooxada Wabiga Chari waxaa dadka deggan ka dhigay dad ku hadla luuqado kala duwan oo ka tirsan [[Luuqadaha Chadic]], [[Luuqadaha Adamawa]], [[Luuqadaha Ubangian]], iyo [[Luuqadaha Bongo-Bagirmi]]. == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Oubangui-Chari]] * [[Gobolka Chari–Baguirmi]] * [[Gobolka Moyen-Chari]] * [[Luuqadaha Chari–Nile]] * [[:Category:Wabiga Chari|Mawduucyada Wabiga Chari]] * [[:Category:Harada Chad|Mawduucyada Harada Chad]] * [[Mashruuca dib u buuxinta Harada Chad]] * [[Wadi-biyood]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Commons category|Chari|Wabiga Chari|position=left}} {{Coord|12.9094|N|14.565|E|source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} {{Authority control}} fhm4ahu2peg9k58qh3qhooenyh6ocw9 0 48824 301458 2026-07-10T12:42:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Logone | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = The Logon-Birni - general view.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Logone-Birni, oo laga soo qaatay buugga ''The earth and its inhabitants, Africa'' 1892 | map = Charirivermap.png | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda muujinaysa Webiga Logone oo ku dhex yaal dooxada biyaha ee Wabiga Chari | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalalka | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Chad]]|[[Cameroon]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalada | subdivision_name5 = [[Kousséri]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|1000|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|492|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Webiga Chari]] oo ku yaal [[N'Djaména]], [[Chad]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|12|6|22|N|15|2|7|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|364|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|78000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = Xaaladda ilaalinta | custom_data = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Plaines d'inondation du Logone et les dépressions Toupouri | designation1_date = 14 Nofembar 2005 | designation1_number = 1560<ref>{{Cite web|title=Plaines d'inondation du Logone et les dépressions Toupouri|website=[[Axdiga Ramsar|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1560|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} | extra = }} '''Logon''' ama '''Webiga Logone''' waa [[wabi-gacmeed]] weyn oo ka mid ah [[Webiga Chari]]. Isha Logone waxay ku taallaa galbeedka [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]], waqooyiga [[Cameroon]], iyo koonfurta [[Chad]]. Wuxuu leeyahay laba wabi-gacmeed oo waaweyn: [[Webiga Pendé]] (Logone-ta Bari) oo ku yaal degmada [[Ouham-Pendé]] ee Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika iyo [[Webiga Mbéré]] (Logone-ta Galbeed) oo ku yaal bariga [[Cameroon]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Logone-River|title=Logone River {{!}} river, Africa|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-06-06|language=en}}</ref> [[Dhul-qoyan]] badan iyo [[dhiiqo]] ayaa ku xeeran wabiga. Degmooyinka ku yaal wabiga waxaa ka mid ah [[Kousseri]], oo ah magaalada ugu waqooyiga ee [[Cameroon]], iyo caasimadda dalka Chad, [[N'Djaména]], oo ku taal meesha uu Logone kaga shubo [[Webiga Chari]]. Logone wuxuu qayb ka yahay xadka caalamiga ah ee u dhexeeya Chad iyo Cameroon. == Hydrometry == Qulqulka wabiga ayaa la arkayay muddo 38 sano ah (1951–84) gudaha [[Bongor]] oo ah magaalo ku taal Chad oo ka hooseysa isbiirsiga Pendé qiyaastii {{convert|450|km|abbr=on}} ka sarreeya afka wabiga ee Chari.<ref>[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1537150.html GRDC - Chari Basin : Der Logone in Bongor]</ref> Qulqulka celceliska sannadlaha ah ee la arkay Bongor intii lagu jiray muddadan wuxuu ahaa {{convert|492|m3/s|abbr=on}} oo ka yimid aag qiyaastii dhan {{convert|73,700|km2|abbr=on}} oo qiyaastii 94.5% ka ah aagga guud ee wabiga. Sababo la xiriira uumiga xooggan, qaddarka biyaha ku qulqula afka wabiga ayaa yaraada. Magaalada N'Djamena, qulqulku wuxuu hoos ugu dhacaa {{convert|400|m3/s|abbr=on}}. {{center| '''Celceliska qulqulka billaha ah ee wabiga Logone ee saldhigga biyaha ee Bongor (m<sup>3</sup> / s )'''<br/> (Loo xisaabiyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo xogta muddo 38 sano ah, 1948–86) <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:280 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:1800 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:200 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:100 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Janaayo bar:Fév text:Febraayo bar:Mar text:Maarso bar:Avr text:Abriil bar:Mai text:Maajo bar:Jun text:Juun bar:Jul text:Luulyo bar:Aoû text:Agoosto bar:Sep text:Sebt. bar:Oct text:Okt. bar:Nov text:Nof. bar:Déc text:Dis. PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 117 bar:Fév from:0 till: 76 bar:Mar from:0 till: 50 bar:Avr from:0 till: 51 bar:Mai from:0 till: 78 bar:Jun from:0 till: 125 bar:Jul from:0 till: 432 bar:Aoû from:0 till: 1045 bar:Sep from:0 till: 1636 bar:Oct from:0 till: 1506 bar:Nov from:0 till: 583 bar:Déc from:0 till: 202 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 117 fontsize:S text: 117 shift:(-10,5) bar:Fév at: 76 fontsize:S text: 76 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 50 fontsize:S text: 50 shift:(-10,5) bar:Avr at: 51 fontsize:S text: 51 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mai at: 78 fontsize:S text: 78 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 125 fontsize:S text: 125 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 432 fontsize:S text: 432 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aoû at: 1045 fontsize:S text: 1.045 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 1636 fontsize:S text: 1.636 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 1506 fontsize:S text: 1.506 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 583 fontsize:S text: 583 shift:(-10,5) bar:Déc at: 202 fontsize:S text: 202 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> }} == Dadka == Dooxada hoose ee Logone ee bariga, oo ay samaysay dadka [[Dadka Kotoko|Kotoko]], waxaa ku yaal dhowr suldanadood oo taariikhi ah ([[Kousseri]], [[Logone-Birni]], [[Makari-Goulfey]] iyo kuwo kale) kuwaas oo ahaa gacan-ku-rimisyo ka tirsan [[Boqortooyada Bornu|Bornu]] ama [[Boqortooyada Baguirmi|Baguirmi]] oo ku dhex yaal xuduudaha dalka Cameroon ee maanta. == Taariikh == Dalka Chad, gobollada maamulka [[Gobolka Logone Oriental|Logone Oriental]] iyo [[Gobolka Logone Occidental|Logone Occidental]] ayaa loogu magac daray wabiga. [[Ober-Logone]] wuxuu ahaa degmo maamul oo ka tirsan gumaystihii Jarmalka ee Cameroon. [[File:Le fleuve logone.jpg|thumb|Webiga Logone, Cameroon]] [[File:Transport_en_pirogue1.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Qulqul weyn oo biyo madow ah oo leh hirar yar ayaa maraya cir buluug ah iyo daruuro cadcad.|Logone oo ku yaal xadka u dhexeeya [[Cameroon]] iyo [[Chad]]. Janaayo 2013.]] == Burburkii biyo-xireenka Sebtembar 2013 iyo fatahaad == Habeenkii Sebtembar 17 ilaa Sebtembar 18, 2013, roobab mahiigaan ah ayaa sababay [[Dam failure|burbur ku yimaada biyo-xireenka]] hareeraha Webiga Logone oo ku yaal magaalada Dougui, [[Kai-Kai|Degmada Kai Kai]] ee [[Gobolka Waqooyiga Fog (Cameroon)|Gobolka Waqooyiga Fog]] ee Cameroon. Tani waxay keentay in dadka markii hore loo daadgureeyo bangiyada biyo-xireenka. Sebtembar 27, burbur labaad oo ku yimid biyo-xireenka {{convert|4|km|abbr=on}} meel u jirta burburkii koowaad ayaa bilaabay inuu fataho aagga, waxaana barakacay ku dhawaad 9,000 oo qof.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Cameroon: Floods - Oct 2013| work = ReliefWeb| date = 4 June 2014| accessdate = 2014-06-10| url = https://reliefweb.int/disaster/fl-2013-000123-cmr}}</ref> <gallery> File:Le fleuve logone.jpg|Webiga Logone File:Mototaxi.jpg|Mototaxi File:Transport en pirogue.jpg|Dooni File:Bloc de pierres sur la rive de Zébé Marao Cameroun.jpg|Dhagax weyn oo ku yaal bangiyada Zébé Marao Cameroon File:Pirogue vers la rive opposée à Zébé Marao Cameroun.jpg|Piroge u socda xeebta ka soo horjeeda Zébé Marao Cameroon File:Pêcheurs à Zébé Marao Cameroun.jpg|Kalluumeysiga Zébé Marao </gallery> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} no684dvhsgpv455v6691mppph5pwt4c 0 48825 301459 2026-07-10T12:44:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Mbéré | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Charirivermap.png | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda muujinaysa Webiga Mbéré oo ku dhex yaal dooxada biyaha ee Wabiga Chari | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalalka | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|Chad|Cameroon|Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Mbéré''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Cameroon]] iyo [[Chad]]. Wuxuu qayb ka yahay xadka labada dal ay la wadaagaan [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shelley|first1=Fred M.|title=Nation shapes the story behind the world's borders|date=2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO, LLC|location=Santa Barbara|isbn=978-1610691062|page=273}}</ref> Waa wabi-gacmeed ka tirsan [[Webiga Logone]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Zuchora-Walske|first1=Christine|title=Chad in pictures|date=2009|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|location=Minneapolis, MN|isbn=978-1575059563|page=12}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} kkqdm6t57tddfcr8k3b2z66e6g1vg7e 0 48826 301460 2026-07-10T12:52:07Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301460 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Les_chutes_d'eau_de_la_Vina_à_Ngaoundéré.jpg | thumb | right | Biyo-dhaca Vina ee magaalada N'Gaoundéré. Gobolka: Adamaoua]] '''Webiga Vina''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Cameroon]].<ref name="HD">[https://books.google.com/books?id=4l9lSZ9d46cC&pg=PA232&lpg=PA231 Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon - Mark Dike DeLancey, Rebecca Mbuh, Mark W. Delancey<!-- Bot generated title -->]. pp. 231-232.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=bALTwNgISzIC&pg=PA227 Parasitic Diseases: Treatment & Control - Max J. Miller, Edgar Love<!-- Bot generated title -->]. p. 227.</ref> Waa [[wabi-gacmeed]] ka tirsan [[Webiga Logone]].<ref name="HD"/> == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Liiska wabiyada Cameroon]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} 01k9qb5mem1vqk3ubcys929lq9v7bqt 0 48827 301462 2026-07-10T12:54:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Sangha | image = Rivière Sangha.jpg | image_caption = Webiga Sangha ee Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika | map = Sanghabasinmap.png | map_caption = Khariidadda dooxada Webiga Sangha | subdivision_type1 = Dalalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]], [[Cameroon]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] | length = 790 km (490 mi) | source1 = Isbiirsiga [[Webiga Mambéré]] iyo [[Webiga Kadéï]] | source1_location = [[Nola, Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]] | mouth = [[Webiga Kongo]] | mouth_location = Meel u dhow [[Mossaka]], Jamhuuriyadda Kongo | basin_size = 213,400 km2 | discharge1_location = [[Ouésso]] | discharge1_avg = 1,662 m3/s | tributaries_left = [[Webiga Ngoko]] }} '''Webiga Sangha''' ({{langx|kg|label=[[Luuqadda Kongo|Kikongo]]|Nzâdi Sangha}}, {{langx|sw|Mto Sanga}}, {{langx|fr|label=[[Luuqadda Faransiiska|Faransiis]]|Rivière Sangha}}) waa mid ka mid ah wabi-gacmeedyada ugu waaweyn ee dhinaca midig ee [[Webiga Kongo]] ee [[Bartamaha Afrika]]. Waxaa sameeya isbiirsiga [[Webiga Mambéré]] iyo [[Webiga Kadéï]] ee [[Nola, Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika|Nola]] oo ku yaal galbeedka [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]], wuxuu u qulqulaa qiyaastii 790 km (490 mi) isagoo sii mara ama ku socda xuduudaha Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika, [[Cameroon]], iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] ka hor inta uusan ku biirin Webiga Kongo meel u dhow [[Mossaka]].<ref name="Britannica"/> Wabigu wuxuu ka soo saaraa biyo dooxad dhan qiyaastii 213,400 km<sup>2</sup> gudaha waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Dooxada Kongo]], taas oo ah mid ka mid ah gobollada kaymaha roobka kulaylaha ee ugu weyn adduunka ee aan kala go' lahayn. Qulqulkiisa waxaa lala socday [[Ouésso]], halkaas oo celceliska qulqulka sannadlaha ah lagu cabbiray 1,662 m<sup>3</sup>/s intii u dhaxaysay 1947 iyo 1983.<ref name="GRDC"/> Inta badan dooxada Sangha way ku yar yihiin dadka deggani waxaana loo aqoonsan yahay kala duwanaansho nololeed oo gaar ah. Wabigu wuxuu dhex maraa [[Sangha Trinational]], oo ah aag ilaalin xuduudeed oo ay ku jiraan [[Beerta Qaranka ee Dzanga-Ndoki]], [[Beerta Qaranka ee Lobéké]] iyo [[Beerta Qaranka ee Nouabalé-Ndoki]]. Aaggan waxaa loo diiwaan geliyay [[Goobta Dhaxalka Adduunka ee UNESCO]] sanadkii 2012 wuxuuna hoy u yahay noocyo ay ka mid yihiin [[maroodiga kaynta Afrika]], [[gorillada bannaanka galbeed]] iyo [[chimpanzee-ga bartamaha]].<ref name="UNESCO"/> == Juqraafiga == [[File:Morning mist over the Sangha River near Bayanga.jpg|thumb|320px|Ceeryaamo subaxnimo oo saaran Webiga Sangha meel u dhow Bayanga, Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika.]] Webiga Sangha waxaa sameeya isbiirsiga [[Webiga Mambéré]] iyo [[Webiga Kadéï]] ee [[Nola, Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika|Nola]] oo ku yaal galbeedka [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]]. Halkaas wuxuu uga qulqulaa guud ahaan xagga koonfureed, isagoo samaynaya qayb ka mid ah xadka u dhexeeya Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika iyo [[Cameroon]] ka hor inta uusan gelin [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]]. Wuxuu ku biiraa [[Webiga Kongo]] meel u dhow [[Mossaka]].<ref name="Britannica"/> Wabigu wuxuu ka soo saaraa biyo qayb ka mid ah waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Dooxada Kongo]], isagoo dhex mara mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu waaweyn ee haray ee kaymaha roobka kulaylaha ee Afrika. Inta badan koorsadiisa wuxuu sameeyaa xad dabiici ah oo u dhexeeya muuqaallada kaymaha la ilaaliyo wuxuuna bixiyaa marin loo helo degsiimooyin fog, oo ay ku jiraan [[Bayanga]] oo ku taal Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika iyo [[Ouésso]] oo ku taal Jamhuuriyadda Kongo. Wabi-gacmeedkiisa ugu weyn waa [[Webiga Ngoko]], kaas oo ku biira Sangha meel u dhow [[Sembé]], Jamhuuriyadda Kongo. == Biyo-baxa == Qulqulka Webiga Sangha waxaa lala socday saldhigga biyaha ee [[Ouésso]], ee Jamhuuriyadda Kongo, qiyaastii 400 km kor ka xiga isbiirsiga uu la leeyahay [[Webiga Kongo]]. Intii u dhaxaysay 1947 iyo 1983, saldhigga ayaa diiwaangeliyay celcelis qulqul sannadle ah oo dhan 1,662 m<sup>3</sup>/s oo loogu talagalay aagga biyaha ee 158,350 km<sup>2</sup>, taas oo matalaysa in ka badan 70% dooxada wabiga.<ref name="GRDC">{{cite web |title=Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) Data Portal |url=https://grdc.bafg.de/data/data_portal/ |publisher=Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) |access-date=8 July 2026 }}</ref> Sangha waxay leedahay nidaam qulqul oo deggan marka la barbar dhigo wabiyaal badan oo Afrikaan ah oo kulaylaha ah, taas oo ka tarjumaysa roobabka badan ee si siman loo qaybiyay ee inta badan kaymaha Dooxada Kongo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isbeddelada xilliyeedku waa kuwo muuqda, iyadoo qulqulka uu sarreeyo inta lagu jiro xilliga roobka ugu weyn iyo qulqul hooseeya xagga dhammaadka xilliga abaarta.<ref name="Laraque2020">{{cite journal |last1=Laraque |first1=Alain |last2=Moukandi |first2=Guy |last3=Orange |first3=Didier |title=Recent Budget of Hydroclimatology and Hydrosedimentology of the Congo River in Central Africa |journal=Water |volume=12 |issue=9 |pages=2613 |year=2020 |doi=10.3390/w12092613 |doi-access=free }}</ref> == Deegaanka == [[File:Sunset on the Sangha River near Bayanga.jpg|thumb|320px|Qorrax dhaca Webiga Sangha meel u dhow Bayanga, oo ay ku hareeraysan yihiin kaymaha roobka ee Dooxada Kongo.]] Webiga Sangha wuxuu dhex maraa mid ka mid ah qaybaha ugu wanaagsan ee la ilaaliyo ee kaymaha roobka ee [[Dooxada Kongo]]. Inta badan dooxadiisu way ku yar yihiin dadka deggani waxayna haysataa meelo ballaaran oo kaymaha qoyan ee kulaylaha ah kuwaas oo taageera heerar sare oo kala duwanaansho nololeed ah.<ref name="Laraque2020"/> Meelo ballaaran oo dooxada wabiga ah ayaa lagu ilaaliyaa iyada oo loo marayo shabakad isku xiran oo ah aagagga ilaalinta. Qaybta dhexe ee wabiga waxay qayb ka tahay [[Sangha Trinational]], oo ah urur ilaalin xuduudeed oo ay wadaagaan [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]], [[Cameroon]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]]. Goobtu waxay ka mid tahay [[Beerta Qaranka ee Dzanga-Ndoki]], [[Beerta Qaranka ee Lobéké]] iyo [[Beerta Qaranka ee Nouabalé-Ndoki]], waxaana loo asteeyay [[Goobta Dhaxalka Adduunka ee UNESCO]] sanadkii 2012.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1380 |title=Sangha Trinational |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=8 July 2026 }}</ref> Wabiga iyo kaymaha ku hareeraysan waxay hoy u yihiin noocyo badan oo khatar ku jira, oo ay ka mid yihiin [[maroodiga kaynta Afrika]], [[gorillada bannaanka galbeed]], [[chimpanzee-ga bartamaha]], iyo sidoo kale dhowr nooc oo antelopes kaynta ah, primates iyo xayawaanka biyaha. Fatahaadda xilliyeedka ee wabiga ayaa sidoo kale taageerta dhul-qoyan ballaaran oo loo aqoonsaday hoos yimaada [[Axdiga Ramsar]], oo leh goobo la ilaaliyo oo ku yaal Cameroon, Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika iyo Jamhuuriyadda Kongo.<ref name="Laraque2020"/> == Hawlaha bini'aadamka == [[File:Traditional canoe on the Sangha River near Bayanga.jpg|thumb|320px|Dooni dhaqameed saaran Webiga Sangha meel u dhow Bayanga, oo loo isticmaalo gaadiidka maxalliga ah iyo kalluumeysiga.]] Webiga Sangha wuxuu muddo dheer u adeegayay waddo gaadiid oo muhiim ah oo dhex marta kaymaha Bartamaha Afrika. In kasta oo navigation-ku uu ku xaddidan yahay heerarka biyaha ee xilliyeed iyo maqnaanshaha kaabayaasha waaweyn, wabigu wuxuu weli u yahay hab lagama maarmaan u ah gaadiidka bulshooyinka maxalliga ah, isagoo isku xira degsiimooyinka haddii kale laga heli karo oo keliya waddooyin aan laami ahayn ama waddooyin kaynta ah.<ref name="Britannica"/> Goynta alwaaxda ganacsiga ayaa ahayd mid ka mid ah hawlaha dhaqaale ee ugu waaweyn ee dooxada tan iyo xilligii gumeysiga, iyada oo alwaaxda la raro oo la sii mariyo wabiga iyo wabi-gacmeedyadiisa. Kalluumeysigu wuxuu sidoo kale bixiyaa il muhiim ah oo cunto iyo dakhli u ah bulshooyinka dhinaca wabiga deggan.<ref name="Britannica"/> Dooxada sare, gaar ahaan hareeraha [[Bayanga]], wabigu wuxuu taageeraa dalxiiska deegaanka ee la xidhiidha aagagga dhow ee la ilaaliyo ee [[Sangha Trinational]]. Booqdayaashu waxay isticmaalaan wabiga si ay u galaan goobaha sida [[Dzanga Bai]], halka dalxiisku uu u noqday il muhiim ah oo shaqo u ah bulshooyinka maxalliga ah oo ay weheliso hawlaha ilaalinta.<ref name="UNESCO"/> == Taariikh == [[File:Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza.jpg|thumb|250px|Sahamiye Faransiis [[Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza]], oo sahamiyay dooxada Sangha intii lagu jiray qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad.]] Qarniyo badan, Webiga Sangha wuxuu u adeegayay marin gaadiid oo muhiim ah dadka asaliga ah ee Dooxada Kongo, isagoo fududeynaya safarka, ganacsiga iyo isgaarsiinta u dhexeeya bulshooyinka ku nool bangiyadiisa iyo gudaha kaymaha roobka ee ku hareeraysan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Harms |first=Robert W. |title=River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500–1891 |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1981 |isbn=9780300026160 }}</ref> Sahaminta Yurub ee dooxada Sangha ayaa xoogaysatay intii lagu jiray qaybta dambe ee qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad markii Faransiisku ballaariyay joogitaankiisa Bartamaha Afrika. Sahamiyayaasha ugu caansan waxaa ka mid ahaa [[Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza]], oo safarradiisu ay gacan ka geysteen sahaminta iyo khariidaynta waqooyiga Dooxada Kongo waxayna gacan ka geysteen aasaasidda maamulka gumeysiga Faransiiska ee gobolka.<ref name="Britannica"/> Intii lagu jiray xilligii gumeysiga, wabigu wuxuu noqday waddo muhiim ah oo looga soo saaro loona raro kheyraadka dabiiciga ah, gaar ahaan cinjirka iyo alwaaxda kulaylaha. Goynta alwaaxdu waxay ahaanaysaa mid ka mid ah hawlaha dhaqaale ee ugu waaweyn ee dooxada, iyada oo alwaaxda la raro oo la sii mariyo Sangha iyo wabi-gacmeedyadiisa ilaa xarumaha wax-soo-saarka iyo dekedaha Webiga Kongo.<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Sangha River |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sangha-River |access-date=8 July 2026 }}</ref> Laga soo bilaabo dhammaadkii qarnigii labaatanaad, waxaa xoogga la saaray ilaalinta dooxada Sangha. Iskaashiga u dhexeeya Cameroon, Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika iyo Jamhuuriyadda Kongo ayaa horseeday abuurista shabakad xuduudeed oo ah aagagga la ilaaliyo. Sanadkii 2012, [[Sangha Trinational]] waxaa loo diiwaan geliyay [[Goobta Dhaxalka Adduunka ee UNESCO]] iyadoo loo aqoonsaday kala duwanaanshaheeda nololeed ee gaarka ah iyo nidaamka deegaanka ee kaymaha roobka ee aan weli burburin.<ref name="UNESCO"/> == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Webiga Kongo]] * [[Sangha Trinational]] * [[Dooxada Kongo]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{GeoGroupTemplate}} 9p1bs1tff5q2ejet0at4ecn88dtws6m 0 48828 301463 2026-07-10T12:56:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301463 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dja River and pirogue.JPG|thumb|280px|Webiga Dja]] [[File:Crossing the Dja on a ferry.jpg|thumb|Ka gudubka Webiga Dja adigoo isticmaalaya dooni]] '''Webiga Dja''' (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Webiga Ngoko''') waa wabi ku yaal galbeedka-bartamaha Afrika. Wuxuu qayb ka yahay xadka [[Cameroon]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]], wuxuuna leeyahay koorsadiisu dhan tahay qiyaastii {{convert|450|mi|km|order=flip}}.<ref name="eb">{{cite encyclopedia | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/166877/Dja-River | title = Dja River | date = 2008 | encyclopedia = [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] | accessdate = 2008-09-04 }}</ref> Isagoo ka soo kiciya koonfur-bari ee magaalada Abong-Mbang ee koonfur-bari ee Cameroon, [[Kaydka Duurjoogta ee Dja]], oo loo magacaabay [[Goobta Dhaxalka Adduunka ee UNESCO]] sanadkii 1987, ayaa ku taal hareeraha koorsadiisa sare.<ref name="eb" /> Waxay ilaalisaa mid ka mid ah qaybaha ugu waaweyn ee kaymaha roobka kulaylaha ee Afrika.<ref name="eb" /> Isagoo samaynaya xad dabiici ah, oo ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba ku wareegsan kaydka (marka laga reebo koonfur-galbeed), dhagaxyada dhaadheer ayaa ku yaal hareeraha koorsada wabiga ee koonfurta kaydka dherer dhan 60&nbsp;km waxayna la xiriiraan qayb ka mid ah wabiga oo ay jebiyeen hirar degdeg ah iyo biyo-dhacyo.<ref> {{cite web |url = http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/dja.html |title = Dja Faunal Reserve |work = UNEP-WCMC Protected Areas Programme |accessdate = 2008-09-05 }}</ref> Ka dib markii uu raaco koorsadiisa kaydka, Dja wuxuu u qulqulaa qiyaastii koonfur-bari wuxuuna dhaafaa Moloundou, oo hoosta ka xigta doomaha yaryar ay ku dhex safri karaan.<ref name="eb" /> Magaalada [[Ouésso]], ee Jamhuuriyadda Kongo, ayuu ku shubaa [[Webiga Sangha]].<ref name="eb" /> Sannad kasta, ugaarsatada sharci darrada ah ayaa u safra Dja si ay ugu tagaan [[Beerta Qaranka ee Nki]], halkaas oo foolka maroodiga uu ku badan yahay.<ref name="ens"> {{cite news | url = http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/oct2005/2005-10-17-05.asp | title = Cameroon's Two New National Parks Shelter Forests, Wildlife | date = 2005-10-17 | work = Environment News Service | accessdate = 2008-08-28 }}</ref> Hirarka xooggan ee wabiga ayaa ah caqabad kala bar sannadka, laakiin ka dib, sida uu sheegay suxufiga madaxa bannaan [[Jemini Pandya]], duurjoogta ayaa si fudud loo ugaarsan karaa.<ref name="ens" /> == Eeg sidoo kale == *[[Degmooyinka Cameroon]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} qdvfh7q9t2nj33xoa2fub62t1npz58p 0 48829 301464 2026-07-10T12:58:30Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [[File:Sangha OSM.png|thumb|300px|right|Dooxada Webiga Sangha]] '''Webiga Kadéï''' waa [[wabi-gacmeed]] ka tirsan [[Webiga Sangha]] kaas oo dhex mara [[Cameroon]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]]. Guud ahaan [[biyo-mareenka]] uu ka soo saaro biyaha waa 24,000&nbsp;km{{sup|2}}. Wabigu wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa bariga [[Adamawa Plateau]], koonfur-bari ee [[Garoua-Boulaï]] ({{coord|5|53|50|N|14|33|30|E |name=Kadéï River headwaters}}) ee Gobolka Bari ee Cameroon. Kadéï waxaa... 301464 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sangha OSM.png|thumb|300px|right|Dooxada Webiga Sangha]] '''Webiga Kadéï''' waa [[wabi-gacmeed]] ka tirsan [[Webiga Sangha]] kaas oo dhex mara [[Cameroon]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]]. Guud ahaan [[biyo-mareenka]] uu ka soo saaro biyaha waa 24,000&nbsp;km{{sup|2}}. Wabigu wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa bariga [[Adamawa Plateau]], koonfur-bari ee [[Garoua-Boulaï]] ({{coord|5|53|50|N|14|33|30|E |name=Kadéï River headwaters}}) ee Gobolka Bari ee Cameroon. Kadéï waxaa kor u qaada laba wabi-gacmeed, [[Webiga Doumé|Doumé]] oo ku taal [[Mindourou]] ({{coord|4|7|45|N|14|34|22|E |name=Doumé River mouth}}) iyo [[Webiga Boumbé|Boumbé]] ({{coord|4|6|45|N|15|7|10|E |name=Boumbé River mouth}}), ka hor inta aysan gaarin [[xadka Cameroon–Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]], isagoo raacaya xadka 12 km, ka dibna u qulqula bariga ilaa [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]]. Magaalada [[Nola, Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika|Nola]] ({{coord|3|31|10|N|16|2|35|E |type:waterbody |name=Kadéï River mouth |display=inline,title}}), Kadéï waxay la kulantaa [[Webiga Mambéré|Mambéré]] waxayna noqotaa Sangha. Kadéï waxay qayb ka tahay biyaha [[Webiga Kongo]].<ref>Gwanfogbe 27–8; Neba 43.</ref> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Vrachtwagen op de pont over de Kadei rivier tussen Batouri en Yokadouma TMnr 20014146.jpg|thumb|left|Dooni ka gudbaysa sanadkii 1965]] == Eeg sidoo kale == *[[Degmooyinka Cameroon]] == Tixraac == {{GeoGroupTemplate}} {{reflist}} * Gwanfogbe, Mathew, Ambrose Meligui, Jean Moukam, iyo Jeanette Nguoghia (1983). ''Geography of Cameroon.'' Hong Kong: Macmillan Education Ltd. * Neba, Aaron (1999). ''Modern Geography of the Republic of Cameroon,'' 3rd ed. Bamenda: Neba Publishers. knue706pgqlmvoj6pbaz6nl190si6lj 0 48830 301465 2026-07-10T13:01:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Sanaga | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | image = River Sanaga.jpg | image_size = 300 | image_caption = Webiga Sanaga ka dib Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Edea | image_alt = | map = Sanaga river map.png | map_size = 300 | map_caption = Khariidadda biyo-mareenka Webiga Sanaga | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Cameroon]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobollada | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Bari (Cameroon)|Gobolka Bari]], [[Gobolka Bartamaha (Cameroon)|Gobolka Bartamaha]], [[Gobolka Littoral (Cameroon)|Gobolka Littoral]] | subdivision_type3 = Magaalooyinka | subdivision_name3 = [[Edéa]], [[Nanga Eboko]], [[Bélabo]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|603|km|mi|abbr=on}}, oo leh Webiga Djérem {{convert|1,067.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Edéa]] | discharge1_min = {{Convert|234|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{Convert|1,985|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = {{Convert|6,950|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge2_location= [[Bight of Biafra]], [[Cameroon]] (meel u dhow afka) | discharge2_min = {{convert|473|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="FAO">{{cite web|url=https://www.fao.org/3/t0360e/T0360E04.htm|title=FAO}}</ref> | discharge2_avg = {{convert|2,072|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="FAO">{{cite web|url=https://www.fao.org/3/t0360e/T0360E04.htm|title=FAO}}</ref> | discharge2_max = {{convert|5,700|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="FAO">{{cite web|url=https://www.fao.org/3/t0360e/T0360E04.htm|title=FAO}}</ref> <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = Isbiirsiga [[Webiga Djérem]] iyo [[Webiga Lom (Cameroon)|Webiga Lom]]<ref name="FluCAM"/> | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|5.323772|N|13.397769|E|}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|628|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Bight of Biafra]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|3.559338|N|9.652175|E|}} | mouth_elevation = 0 m | progression = | river_system = Webiga Sanaga | basin_size = {{convert|132,990|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = Wabiga Long, Wabiga Tete, Wabiga Sele, Wabiga Mfam, Wabiga Ngoba | tributaries_right = [[Webiga Mbam]], Wabiga Mbuku, Wabiga Ligene, Webiga Djam, Wabiga Dorong, Webiga Jape, Webiga Uem | waterbodies = [[Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Song Loulou]], [[Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Edea]] | waterfalls = | bridges = [[Buundada Japoma]] | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Sanaga''' (oo hore loo yaqaanay {{langx|de|Zannaga}}) waa wabiga ugu weyn ee [[Cameroon]] kaas oo ku yaal [[Gobolka Bari (Cameroon)|Gobolka Bari]], [[Gobolka Bartamaha (Cameroon)|Gobolka Bartamaha]] iyo [[Gobolka Littoral (Cameroon)|Gobolka Littoral]]. Dhererkiisu waa qiyaastii {{cvt|603|km|abbr=on}} laga bilaabo isbiirsiga Djérem iyo Webiga Lom. Wadarta dhererka nidaamka Webiga Sanaga-Djérem waa qiyaastii {{cvt|1,067.5|km|abbr=on}}. Djérem waa isha ugu dheer ee Webiga Sanaga oo leh wadarta dhererkeedu yahay 464.5 km. == Koorsada == Webiga Sanaga wuxuu ishiisu ku taal [[Adamawa Plateau]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl4nd5K52FIC&pg=PA11 |title=Status of Fish Stocks and Fisheries of Thirteen Medium-sized African Reservoirs |last=Knaap |first=M. van der |date=1994 |publisher=Food & Agriculture Org |isbn=9789251035818 |pages=11 |language=en}}</ref> Waxaa sameeya isbiirsiga [[Webiga Djérem|Djérem]] iyo [[Webiga Lom (Cameroon)|Webiga Lom]] ee waqooyiga [[Gobolka Bari (Cameroon)|Gobolka Bari]]. Webiga Djérem wuxuu leeyahay wadarta dhererka ''{{cvt|464.5|km|abbr=on}}'' iyo Webiga Lom wadarta dhererka {{cvt|424.2|km|abbr=on}}. Marka laga reebo wabiyadan asal ahaan ka soo jeeda, wabi-gacmeedka ugu weyn ee Sanaga waa [[Webiga Mbam]] oo leh wadarta dhererka ''{{cvt|548|km|abbr=on}}''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra8Wpm1QoMoC&pg=PA148|title=Landscape Evolution, Neotectonics and Quaternary Environmental Change in Southern Cameroon: Palaeoecology of Africa Vol. 31, An International Yearbook of Landscape Evolution and Palaeoenvironments|last=Runge|first=Jürgen|date=2012-05-30|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9780415677356|pages=148|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Slop of the Sanaga.png|400px|center|Dalacaadda Webiga Sanaga<ref name="FluCAM">[http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/Mon_hydr/25393.pdf PDF ku saabsan Biyo-baxa Cameroon (faransiis)]</ref>]] === Dooxada iyo Wabi-gacmeedyada === Webiga Sanaga wuxuu ku yaal bartamaha [[Cameroon]], waana mid ka mid ah ilaha muhiimka ah, [[Agoua]] iyo [[Djérem]] ayaa kulma si ay u sameeyaan Sanaga kaas oo qiyaastii ''56 mayl'' ''(90km) waqooyi'', waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Bertoua]]. Wabigu ka dib wuxuu u qulqulaa qiyaastii ''325 mayl (525km)'' [[koonfur-galbeed]] isagoo sii mara [[Aagga Ilaalinta ee Central Plateau|bannaanka dhexe]] isagoo dhaafaya [[Nanga Eboko|Nanga-Eboko]], [[Djérem]]. Waxay ku fidaysaa af-wabi ballaaran oo qiyaastii u qaybiya xadka xeebta Atlantic ee [[Cameroon|Cameroon]] ''30 mayl (48km) koonfur'' ka xigta [[Douala]]. == Cimilada == Webiga Sanaga wuxuu sameeyaa xad u dhexeeya laba [[deegaan]] oo ah [[kaymaha cufan ee kulaylaha]]. [[Kaymaha xeebta ee Cross-Sanaga-Bioko]] waxay jiifaan waqooyiga u dhexeeya Webiga Sanaga iyo [[Webiga Cross (Nigeria)|Webiga Cross]] ee [[Nigeria]], iyo [[kaymaha xeebta ee Atlantic Equatorial]] waxay ku fidaan koonfurta wabiga iyagoo sii mara koonfur-galbeed Cameroon iyo [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Gabon]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]], [[Cabinda (gobolka)|Cabinda]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]]. == Biyo-baxa == Qulqulka wabiga waxaa lagu cabbiray Edéa oo lagu cabbiray m<sup>3</sup>/s:<ref name="FluCAM"/> {{ChartDirect|width=600px|type=bar|x=Jan,Feb,Mar,April,May,June,July,Aug,Sept,Oct,Nov,Dec|y1=814, 579, 517, 634, 913, 1287, 1948, 2674, 4348, 5431, 3326, 1348|y1Title=qulqulka m³/s}} == Biyo-xireennada iyo keydadka == Laga bilaabo isha wabiga, waxaa jira 2 biyo-xireen oo ku yaal Webiga Sanaga: {|class="wikitable sortable" ! Biyo-xireen ! Awoodda magacaabista<br />(MW) ! Keydka ! Bedka dusha sare<br /> (km{{sup|2}}) ! Wadarta awoodda<br />(milyan m<sup>3</sup>) |- | [[Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Song Loulou|Song Loulou]] | 384 | | | 10 |- | [[Saldhigga Korontada Biyaha ee Edea|Edea]] | 264 | | | |- |} == Saamaynta isbeddelka roobka == Saamaynta ugu weyn ee isbeddelka qulqulka wabiga waa isbeddelka cimilada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fahamka saamayntooda isku mar ee ku saabsan qulqulka wabiga ayaa weli ku xaddidan qaybo ka mid ah adduunka sida bartamaha Afrika. Isbeddellada ka dhaca qulqulka wabiga ayaa guud ahaan ka dhasha isdhexgalka u dhexeeya isbeddelka cimilada iyo/ama isbeddelka isticmaalka dhulka, in kasta oo sidoo kale la qirayo in sifooyinka jireed ee biyaha (cabbirka, nidaamka dalacaadda, nooca ciidda, iwm.) ay kordhiyaan dareenkooda arrimahan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saamaynta isbeddelka roobka iyo isbeddelka isticmaalka dhulka ee qulqulka wabiga ee Sanaga catchment (aagga kala-guurka kaynta-savannah ee Bartamaha Afrika) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S199895632600039X}}</ref> == Gaadiid == [[File:Photo Pont Allemand d'Edéa.JPG|thumb|right|Buundada Edea ee saaran Sanaga]] *Tareenka [[Camrail]] ayaa ka gudba Webiga Sanaga meel u dhow [[Edéa|Edea]]. [[File:Alentour fleuve sanaga 09.jpg|thumb|Kayn ku hareeraysan Webiga Sanaga]] [[File:Alentour fleuve sanaga 06.jpg|thumb|Hareeraha Webiga Sanaga]] == Kala duwanaanshaha noolaha iyo ilaalinta == Webiga Sanaga wuxuu taageeraa mid ka mid ah nidaamyada deegaanka biyaha saafiga ah ee ugu qanisan Bartamaha Afrika wuxuuna ka kooban yahay noocyo badan oo kalluun ah oo ku xaddidan dooxada Sanaga. Wabigu wuxuu kaloo bixiyaa hoy loogu talagalay mollusks-ka biyaha saafiga ah, dhirta biyaha, iyo noocyada shimbiraha ee socdaalka ah ee la xiriira dhul-qoyan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lévêque |first=C. |title=Kalluunka Biyaha Cusub iyo kuwa Biyaha Cusbada leh ee Galbeedka Afrika |publisher=IRD Editions |year=1992}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Stiassny |first=M. L. J. |year=2007 |title=Kala duwanaanshaha noolaha ee biyaha saafiga ah ee Afrika |journal=Dib u eegista Sannadlaha ah ee Ecology, Evolution, iyo Systematics}}</ref> Horumarinta korontada biyaha ayaa wax ka beddeshay qaybo ka mid ah wabiga, gaar ahaan iyada oo loo marayo dhismaha biyo-xireennada sida Edéa, Song Loulou, Lom Pangar, iyo Nachtigal. Inkasta oo mashaariicdani ay si weyn uga qayb qaataan wax soo saarka korontada ee Cameroon, waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadeen walaac ku saabsan socdaalka kalluunka, gaadiidka fadhiidka ah, iyo isku xirnaanta deegaanka.<ref>{{cite report |title=Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Lom Pangar |year=2012 |publisher=Bangiga Adduunka}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |title=Qiimaynta Saamaynta Deegaanka iyo Bulshada ee Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Nachtigal |year=2018 |publisher=International Finance Corporation}}</ref> Dadaallada ilaalinta ayaa sii kordhaya oo diiradda saaraya dheellitirka wax soo saarka korontada biyaha iyo maaraynta qulqulka deegaanka iyo ilaalinta kala duwanaanshaha noolaha ee biyaha oo dhan dooxada Sanaga.<ref>{{cite report |title=Maaraynta Kheyraadka Biyaha ee Isku-dhafan ee Cameroon |year=2020 |publisher=Global Water Partnership}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Winemiller |first=K. O. |year=2016 |title=Dheellitirka korontada biyaha iyo kala duwanaanshaha noolaha ee wabiyada kulaylaha |journal=Science |volume=351 |issue=6269 |pages=128–129 |doi=10.1126/science.aac7082}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Akhris dheeraad ah == {{Commons}} {{Webiyada Cameroon}} {{coord|3|33|33.62|N|9|39|07.83|E|dim:200000_region:CM_type:river_source:dewiki|display=title}} {{Authority control}} b4u95xrvjigkt7dwdnxm00t0rdao91x 0 48831 301466 2026-07-10T13:03:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301466 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Mbam''' waa wabi-gacmeedka ugu weyn ee [[Webiga Sanaga]] ee dalka [[Cameroon]]. Wuxuu leeyahay dherer dhan {{cvt|548|km|abbr=on}} iyo biyo-mareen dhan {{cvt|38000|km2|abbr=on}}. [[File:Sanaga Mbam Rivers.JPG|thumb|Afka webiga Mbam (bidix) oo ku shubmaya webiga [[Webiga Sanaga|Sanaga]] meel u dhow Ebebda]] Wuxuu ka soo qulqulaa [[Adamawa Plateau]] wuxuuna helaa webiyada [[Kim River (Cameroon)|Kim]] iyo [[Ndjim River|Ndjim]] dhankiisa bidix ka dibna [[Noun River (Cameroon)|Webiga Noun]] dhankiisa midig ka hor inta uusan ku biirin Webiga Sanaga.<ref>Shahin, Mamdouh. ''Hydrology and water resources of Africa'', 2002.</ref><gallery> File:Gallery Forrest Mbam.JPG|Kayn gallery ah oo ku yaal jasiirad ka mid ah webiga Mbam meel u dhow Bafia (Cameroon) File:Guerima Ferry Mbam.JPG|Dooni ka gudubta webiga Mbam meel u dhow Bafia (Cameroon) File:Hippo trail.JPG|'Hippo Trail' oo ku yaal webiga Mbam File:Fleuve Mbam'.jpg|Webiga Mbam oo laga arkay dooni </gallery> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Webiyada Cameroon}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|4|22|44|N|11|15|50|E|type:landmark_source:kolossus-frwiki|display=title}} 3ordj00b2hptgqxs2ifsnlomq8cw62u 0 48832 301467 2026-07-10T13:05:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301467 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Ndjim''' waa wabi ku yaal dalka [[Cameroon]].<ref name="Shahin">[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmdYFTlcSgEC&pg=PA397&lpg=PA396 Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa - M. Shahins<!-- Bot generated title -->]. pp. 396-397.</ref> Waa [[wabi-gacmeed]] ka tirsan [[Webiga Mbam]], waana qayb ka mid ah nidaamka [[Webiga Sanaga]].<ref name="Shahin"/> Wabigu wuxuu dhex maraa [[Goura, Centre Region|Goura]].<ref name="Shahin"/> == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Liiska wabiyada Cameroon]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://cm.geoview.info/ndjim,203595895w Geoview.info] macluumaad {{Coord|4.638226|11.402680|display=title}} 6thwxqhn4zxgakmvy65sgfwga1errik 0 48833 301468 2026-07-10T13:08:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Noun | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = Noun_river.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Noun, xilliga abaarta, dhowr kiiloomitir ka dib [[Bandjoun]] | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|...|display=inline,title}} --> | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Noun''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gobolka Galbeedka, Cameroon|Gobolka Galbeedka]] ee dalka [[Cameroon]]. Wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa [[Lake Oku|Harada Oku]] ({{coord|6|11|34|N|10|27|14|E|display=inline}}) wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur, waxaa ku biira Webiga Monoun wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfurta dooxada u dhaxaysa buuraha Ngotsetzezan iyo Buurta Yahou.<ref name="NB32">1:1,000,000 - International Map of the World U.S. Army Map Service, [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/imw/txu-oclc-6654394-nb-32-2nd-ed.jpg Sheet NB-32 (Douala)], 2nd Ed., April 1962</ref> Wuxuu u leexdaa bariga qiyaastii 5° N latitude.<ref name="NB32" /> Afkiisu waa [[Webiga Mbam]] ({{coord|4|54|42|N|11|06|02|E|display=inline}}), kaas oo isaguna ah wabi-gacmeedka [[Webiga Sanaga]]. Wuxuu sameeyaa xadka u dhexeeya aagga [[Bamiléké]] iyo aagga [[Bamum people|Bamun]], wuxuuna door muhiim ah ka ciyaaray taariikhda dadka Bamiléké.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} Webiga Noun waxaa lagu xiray biyo-xireen meesha loo yaqaan [[Bamendjing]] sanadkii 1975<ref>van der Knaap, Martin (1994) ''Status of fish stocks and fisheries of thirteen medium-sized African reservoirs'' CIFA technical paper #26, Committee for Inland Fisheries of Africa (CIFA), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl4nd5K52FIC&pg=PA11 page 11], {{ISBN|92-5-103581-4}}</ref> ({{coord|5|41|55|N|10|30|03|E|display=inline}}) taas oo abuurtay keyd magacaas leh. Marka uu ugu sarreeyo keydku waa 32&nbsp;km (20&nbsp;mi) dherer iyo 27&nbsp;km (17&nbsp;mi) ballac ah. Bedka dushiisa wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 150&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (57.9&nbsp;mi<sup>2</sup>) iyo 300&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (116&nbsp;mi<sup>2</sup>).<ref>van der Knaap, Martin (1994) ''Status of fish stocks and fisheries of thirteen medium-sized African reservoirs'' CIFA technical paper #26, Committee for Inland Fisheries of Africa (CIFA), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl4nd5K52FIC&pg=PA11 page 11], {{ISBN|92-5-103581-4}} citing Vanden Bossche, J. P. and Bernacsek, G. M. (1990) ''Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa: vol. 1'' CIFA technuical paper #18.1, Committee for Inland Fisheries of Africa (CIFA), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, {{ISBN|92-5-102983-0}}</ref> Webiga Noun wuxuu hoy u yahay [[hippopotamus]] kuwaas oo la arki karo sanadka oo dhan, qaybaha duurjoogta ah ee wabiga, oo ay la socdaan shimbiro badan, sida [[palm nut vulture]], [[bee-eater]], [[hammerkop]], iyo [[kingfisher]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} [[File:Lake-Bamendjing-and-the-Mban-Massif-Cameroon.jpg|thumb|right|Keydka Bamendjing oo leh Buurta Yahou dhinaca sare ee midig, NASA 2003]] ==Sawirro== <gallery> File:WikiAfr20 MarcJP46 06.jpg|Doonta Webiga Noun. File:Piroguier sur le fleuve Noun .jpg 03.jpg|Doonta File:Enfant dans une pirogue sur le fleuve Noun .jpg .02.jpg|Wiil yar oo saaran Webiga Noun ee Bamendjing. File:Enfants dans une pirogue sur le fleuve Noun .jpg. 01.jpg|Caruur ku jira doonyo maxalli ah </gallery> ==Qoraallo== {{Reflist}} pzkzlsnre87o1f6tpgw8rtcsd2u2nkh 0 48834 301469 2026-07-10T13:10:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301469 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Makombé''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Cameroon]]. Wuxuu ku biiraa [[Webiga Nkam]] meel u dhow [[Yabassi]] si uu u noqdo [[Webiga Wouri]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Mark Dike DeLancey|author2=Rebecca Mbuh|author3=Mark W. Delance|title=Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon|date=3 May 2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0810858244|page=397|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4l9lSZ9d46cC&q=%22Makomb%C3%A9+River%22&pg=PA397|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{coord|4.5698|10.1638|format=dms|type:river_region:CM|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Makombe River}} setld9dy4b48noqmbhoqd8dqaqhkbvr 0 48835 301470 2026-07-10T13:12:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301470 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mungo valley, Cameroon.svg|thumb|300px|Dooxada Webiga Mungo. Wabiga ka dibna xariiqda buurta ayaa sameeyay xadka u dhexeeya gumeystihii hore ee Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska.]] [[File:River Mungo.jpg|thumb|Webiga Mungo]] '''Webiga Mungo''' waa wabi weyn oo ku yaal dalka [[Cameroon]] kaas oo ka soo saara biyaha buuraha ku yaal qaybta koonfureed ee [[Cameroon line]] ee foolkaanayaasha firfircoon iyo kuwa damay.<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle = Cameroon |volume = 5 |pages = 110–113 }}</ref> == Koorsada == [[File:Mount Kupe Muanenguba.jpeg|thumb|Buurta Kupe]] [[File:Fleuve Wouri à Douala 01.jpg|thumb|Webiga Wouri]] Webiga Mungo wuxuu leeyahay aag biyo-qabasho oo dhan {{convert|4,200|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name=Gabche/> Wabigu wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|150|km|mi}}, isagoo ka soo kiciya [[Rumpi Hills]] waxaana kor u qaada wabi-gacmeedyo ka imanaya [[Buurta Kupe]] iyo [[Buuraha Bakossi]]. Wabigu waa mid la mari karo koonfurta [[Mundame]] qiyaastii {{convert|100|km|mi}} maadaama uu dhex marayo bannaanka xeebta ka hor inta uusan gelin [[Central African mangroves|qoyan-qoyan mangrove]], halkaas oo uu u kala qaybsamo kanaallo yaryar oo badan oo ku shubma [[Wouri estuary|nidaamka af-wabiga Cameroon]].<ref name=Yerima2005/> Af-wabiga, oo ay sidoo kale quudiyaan wabiyo ay ka mid yihiin [[Webiga Wouri|Wouri]] iyo [[Webiga Dibamba|Dibamba]], ayaa iyaguna ku shubma [[Gacanka Guinea]] ee Douala Point.<ref name=Gabche2007/> [[Biyo-baxa hirarka]] ee gacanku wuxuu u safraa ilaa {{convert|40|km|mi}} kor webiga. Qaybtan wabiga ka mid ah, bannaanno waaweyn iyo xeebaha bacaadka ah ayaa soo baxa marka hirarku hooseeyaan.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JoPzi-w7krkC&pg=PA225 |page=225 |title=Muddy coast dynamics and resource management |author1=Burghard W. Flemming |author2=Monique T. Delafontaine |author3=Gerd Liebezeit |publisher=Elsevier |year=2000 |isbn=0-444-50464-8}}</ref> Marti u dhashay Yurub oo booqatay qaybaha hoose ee wabiga sanadkii 1896 ayaa tiri: "Bangiyada Mungo waxaa si qurux badan u daboolay kaymo... wax walbana halkan waxay ka buuxaan nolol. Qofku wuxuu arki karaa gorgorka badda, shinbiraha, abeesooyinka iyo daanyeerrada, iyo sidoo kale baqbaqaaqyada midabada badan ee geedaha saaran, halka dusha biyaha ay ku dheelaan balanbaallo iyo naas-nuugyo cabbirka shimbiraha ah. Mararka qaarkood qofku wuxuu maqlayaa buun-buuninta maroodiga, oohinta ugaarta, iyo oohinta murugada leh ee iguana." Wuxuu xusay in qiyaastii {{convert|35|km|mi}} laga bilaabo afka wabiga kayntu ay bilaabatay in la nadiifiyo si loogu beero mooska, cocoyams, galleyda iyo sonkorta.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9T24NQCXMtwC&pg=PA68 |page=68 |title=Cameroon's tycoon: Max Esser's expedition and its consequences |author1=Max Esser |author2=E. M. Chilver |author3=Ute Röschenthaler |publisher=Berghahn Books |year=2001 |isbn=1-57181-310-1}}</ref> == Taariikh == [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 163-051, Kamerun, Weihnachten am Mungo.jpg|thumb|300px|Labo deggane caddaan ah iyo carruur iyo rag maxalli ah oo saaran Webiga Mungo, Christmas 1901]] Qof [[Iswiidhish ah|Iswiidhish]] oo la odhan jiray [[Knut Knutson]] ayaa ku noolaa dhowr sano dooxada sare ee Mungo xilli Jarmalku ay sheeganayeen gumeysi ahaan aaggaas. Wuxuu bixiyaa xisaab xiiso leh haddii ay tahay mid xoogaa khayaali ah oo ku saabsan dhaqamada in qabiil "Biaffra" ah, oo ku salaysan Mungo sare, ay mar xukumeen boqortooyo baaxad leh oo ilaa waqooyiga ilaa [[Harada Chad]] iyo koonfur ilaa [[Webiga Kongo]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M-pff9qPNUQC&pg=PA75 |page=75 |title=Swedish ventures in Cameroon, 1883–1923: trade and travel, people and politics : the memoir of Knut Knutson with supporting material |author1=Knut Knutson |author2=Shirley Ardener |publisher=Berghahn Books |year=2002 |isbn=1-57181-311-X}}</ref> Baadhitaan kale oo hore oo Yurub ah oo lagu sameeyay wabiga waxaa qaaday sahamiyaha [[Polish people|Polish]] [[Stefan Szolc-Rogozinski]] sanadkii 1883. Wuxuu rajaynayay inuu aasaaso gumeysi xor ah oo loogu talagalay dadka Polish-ka ee qaxaya.<ref>{{cite journal |jstor=1789068 |title=The Sixtieth Anniversary of Rogozinski's Expedition to the Cameroons |author=Henryk Baginski |journal=The Geographical Journal |volume=103| issue = 1/2 |date=Jan–Feb 1944 |pages=72–75 |doi=10.2307/1789068}}</ref> [[File:PALAIS DES ROIS BELL (3).JPG|thumb|Qasriga Boqorrada Bell]] [[File:River Sanaga.jpg|thumb|Webiga Sanaga]] Dhamaadkii 1884, ka dib markii Jarmalku ay saldhig ka aasaaseen [[Douala]], waxay dhibaato kala kulmeen madaxda [[Duala people|Duala]] ee maxalliga ah kuwaas oo ay dhiirigelisay Ingiriisku inay iska caabiyaan isku dayga Jarmalka ee ku saabsan inay ganacsi toos ah la furaan gudaha. Hogaamiyihii webiga Mungo wuxuu ahaa [[Ndumbe Lobe Bell|Boqor Bell]], kaas oo hayay xayiraad dhowr bilood laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxaa lagu qasbay inuu u dhiibo sababtoo ah midnimada oo ka dhex jirtay dadkiisa iyo awoodda maraakiibta uumi ee hubaysan.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1j0oAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA122 |pages=122–123 |chapter=The Disturbances in the Cameroons |title=Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events |volume=10 |publisher=D. Appleton and company |year=1886}}</ref> Ka dib, Bell's waxay dib ula wareegeen gacan ku haynta muddo markii Jarmalku ay dareenkooda u jeediyeen [[Webiga Sanaga]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QcsuSIVR0S8C&pg=PA7 |title=Middlemen of the Cameroons Rivers: the Duala and their hinterland, c.1600-c.1960 |first1=Ralph A. |last1=Austen |first2=Jonathan |last2=Derrick |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1999 |isbn=0-521-56664-9}}</ref> Markii gumeystihii [[German empire|Jarmalka]] ee [[Kamerun]] la qaybsaday ka dib [[Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]], Webiga Mungo wuxuu qayb ka ahaa xadka u dhexeeya gumeystihii [[French colonial empire|Faransiiska]] iyo [[British Empire|Ingiriiska]] ee qaatay gacan ku haynta. Xadku wuxuu kaloo qaybiyay dadka kala duwan ee dooxada wabiga, oo ay ku jiraan [[Bakossi people|dadka Bakossi]], in kasta oo ay sii wadeen inay ilaashadaan xiriir dhow oo ka dhexeeya wabiga.<ref name=Konings2009/> Dhanka hoose, meel u dhow xeebta, Duala iyo [[Mungo people|dadka Mungo]] ayaa si la mid ah loo qaybiyay. == Waqtiyadii u dambeeyay == [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 163-267, Kamerun, Mundame, Mungo.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Stereoscope]] sawirka Cabin iyo dooni ku taal webiga Mungo meel u dhow [[Mundame]], 1904]] Maanta, wabigu wuxuu sameeyaa xadka u dhexeeya [[Gobolka Littoral (Cameroon)|Littoral]] iyo [[Gobolka Koonfur-Galbeed, Cameroon|Koonfur-Galbeed]] ee Cameroon.<ref name=Yerima2005/> Buundo saarnayd wabiga ayaa duntay 2004. Bishii Diseembar 2006, shaqada dhismaha buundada beddelka ah ayaa weli socotay, taraafikada waddaduna waxay intaas ku tiirsanayd buundo sabaynaysa, ama dooni.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://the-news-from-cameroon.com/article.php?category_id=32&article_id=38 |work=The Sun |title=BUUNDADA CUSUB OO SOO DHOW EE SAARAN WEBIGA MUNGO, MADAXA MASHRUUCA OO XAQIIJIYAY |author=Henry Kejang |date=5 Dec 2006 |access-date=2011-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716215519/http://the-news-from-cameroon.com/article.php?category_id=32&article_id=38 |archive-date=16 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Deegaanka af-wabiga ayaa halis ugu jira wasakhaynta sii kordhaysa ee ka imanaysa warshadaha, beeraha iyo qoysaska, taasoo khatar gelinaysa labada wax soo saarka kalluunka iyo caafimaadka aadanaha.<ref name=Gabche2007/> Dadka caanka ah ee ka soo jeeda Mungo – E.J Embola == Tixraac == {{Reflist|1|refs= <ref name=Gabche>{{cite web |url = http://nest.su.se/mnode/africa/cameroon/cameroonintro.htm |title = NIDAAMKA AF-WABIGA CAMEROON |author1 = C.E. Gabche |author2 = S.V. Smith |name-list-style = amp |publisher = Baltic Nest Institute |access-date = 2011-02-10 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110823031328/http://nest.su.se/mnode/africa/cameroon/cameroonintro.htm |archive-date = 2011-08-23 }}</ref> <ref name=Gabche2007>{{cite journal |url=http://www.wajae.org/papers/paper_vol3/Water_Salt_nutriments_budgets_full.pdf |title=Miisaaniyadda Biyaha, Cusbada iyo Nafaqooyinka ee Laba Af-wabi oo ku yaal Aagga Xeebta ee Cameroon |author=C.E.Gabche and V.S.Smith |journal=West African Journal of Applied Ecology |volume=3 |year=2007 |access-date=2011-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728165606/http://www.wajae.org/papers/paper_vol3/Water_Salt_nutriments_budgets_full.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-28 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> <ref name=Konings2009>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BQ8E4b9Ss4YC&pg=PA40 |page=40ff |chapter=Qodobada hoos u dhigay iska horimaadkii Bakossi-Bamileke ee 1966 |title=Neoliberal Bandwagonism: Bulshada Rayidka ah iyo Siyaasadda Iska Leh ee Cameroon Anglophone |author=Piet Konings |publisher=African Books Collective |year=2009 |isbn=978-9956-558-23-0}}</ref> <ref name=Yerima2005>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XXkAhSzJw-wC&pg=PA144 |page=144 |title=Nidaamyada Kala-soocidda Ciidda ee waaweyn ee loo isticmaalo Kulaylaha:: Ciidda Cameroon |author1=Bernard P.K. Yerima |author2=E. Van Ranst |publisher=Trafford Publishing |year=2005 |isbn=1-4120-5789-2}}</ref> }} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|4.555833|N|9.522778|E|display=title}} 9eay7z1kls98mezv2wp0xhxh4eao04g 0 48836 301471 2026-07-10T13:13:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Designation list | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Estuaire du Rio Del Rey | designation1_date = 20 May 2010 | designation1_number = 1908<ref name="RSIS">{{Cite web|title=Estuaire du Rio Del Rey|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1908|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} [[File:Cross River Estuary̞ OSM.png|thumb|330px|Af-wabiga Rio Del Rey (midig)]] '''Rio del Rey''' (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Rio del Ray) waa [[af-wabi]] ka tirsan [[biyo-mareen]] ku yaal [[Galbeedka Afrika]] ee dalka [[Cameroon]]. Waxay ku taallaa aagga bariga ee nidaamka [[Webiga Niger]].<ref name="Selley">[https://books.google.com/books?id=KaxnNYz2g6EC&pg=PA173 African Basins<!-- Bot generated title -->]. pp. 173-176</ref> [[Cameroon line|Xariiqda foolkaanaha ee Cameroon]] ayaa kala saarta Rio Del Rey iyo dooxada Douala.<ref name="Selley"/> Rio del Rey waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay af-wabi ay "labada wabi ee N'dian iyo Massake ay ku qulqulaan".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=M-pff9qPNUQC&pg=PA127 Swedish Ventures in Cameroon, 1833-1923: Trade and Travel, People and Politics - Knut Knutson<!-- Bot generated title -->]. pp. 127-133.</ref> Afku wuxuu u dhow yahay [[xadka Cameroon–Nigeria|xadka]] ay la wadaagto [[Nigeria]] wuxuuna xiriir la leeyahay af-wabiga [[Webiga Cross (Nigeria)|Cross River]] kaas oo ay ka soocday gacanka [[Bakassi]]. Af-wabiga Rio del Rey waxaa loo aqoonsaday inay tahay [[Goob Ramsar]] tan iyo 2010.<ref name="RSIS"/> == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Liiska wabiyada Cameroon]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Akhris dheeraad ah == * [https://books.google.com/books?id=Nv5NMO1gOs0C&pg=PA71 Mangrove Ecosystems: Function and Management<!-- Bot generated title -->]. p.&nbsp;71. {{Webiyada Cameroon}} {{coord|4|30|59|N|8|44|59|E|type:river_region:GQ|display=title}} emjxq1awnxz2q487gvfy0l7dogbr4mu 0 48837 301472 2026-07-10T13:15:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Designation list | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Río Ntem o Campo | designation1_date = 2 June 2003 | designation1_number = 1310<ref>{{Cite web|title=Río Ntem o Campo|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1310|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref> | designation2 = Ramsar | designation2_offname = Partie Camerounaise du Fleuve Ntem | designation2_date = 5 June 2012 | designation2_number = 2067<ref>{{Cite web|title=Partie Camerounaise du Fleuve Ntem|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2067|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} [[File:Fleuve Ntem, région du sud Cameroun (forêt tropicale).jpg|thumb|238x238px|Webiga Ntem, Cameroon|alt=]] '''Campo''' (Isbaanish: ''Río Campo'', Faransiis: ''Rivière Ntem'') ama '''Webiga Ntem''' waa wabi xuduudeed ku yaal [[Cameroon]], dhul-weynaha [[Equatorial Guinea]] iyo [[Gabon]]. Wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa Gabon, wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Atlantic]] ee dalka Cameroon ee [[Bight of Biafra]]. == Magaalooyinka == * [[Campo, Cameroon|Campo]] * [[Minvoul]], Gabon [[File:Fleuve Ntem.jpg|thumb|Biyo-xireen ku yaal Webiga Ntem]] == Eeg sidoo kale == *[[Degmooyinka Cameroon]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} l4pfipqikh70zu7n2p3gyqy2s3aumpk 0 48838 301475 2026-07-10T13:19:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Boteti | native_name = | name_other = Botletle, Botletli | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Boteti River, Botswana.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Boteti | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Botswana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Okavango Delta]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 1700 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Sua Pan]] | mouth_location = [[Botswana]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Boteti''' (oo sidoo kale loo qoro '''Botletle'''<ref name="Helgren-298">Helgren, David M. (1984) "Historical Geomorphology and Geoarchaeology in the Southwestern Makgadikgadi Basin, Botswana" ''Annals of the Association of American Geographers'' 74(2): pp. 298–307, page 298</ref><ref name="Johannesburg-Sheet">[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet34-5th-ed.jpg Johannesburg Sheet 34, Edition 5, TPC, 1970], Series 2201, U.S. Army Map Service</ref> ama '''Botletli''')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/okavango.pdf|title=Profile. Okavango|website=UN}}</ref> waa [[wabi-mareen]] dabiici ah oo ku yaal [[Botswana]] oo dhererkiisu yahay 1700{{nbsp}}km. Wuxuu qulqulka ka helaa xudunta [[Okavango Delta]] isagoo sii mara [[Webiga Thamalakane]] ee magaalada [[Maun, Botswana|Maun]]. == Biyo-mareenka == Xilliga roobka, Boteti wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Makgadikgadi Pans]],<ref name="Helgren-298"/> taas oo aaggaas ka dhigta mid firfircoon oo leh waxqabad xilliyeed iyo wax-soo-saar bayooloji sare leh.<ref name="Hogan">Hogan, C. Michael (2008) [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&mode=&order=0 "Makgadikgadi"] at Burnham, A. (editor) ''The Megalithic Portal''</ref> Xilliga abaarta, Boteti wuxuu si gaar ah muhiim ugu yahay xayawaanka duurjoogta ah ee ku urura aaggaas, maadaama inta badan balliyada xilliyeedku ay markaas biyo la'aan yihiin.<ref name="Murphy-100">{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Alan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AijmBeQ9_r8C&pg=PA100 |title=Lonely Planet Southern Africa |last2=Armstrong |first2=Kate |last3=Firestone |first3=Matthew D. |last4=Fitzpatrick |first4=Mary |date=2007 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=978-1-74059-745-6 |page=100 |language=en}}</ref> Boteti wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfur-bari<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Boteti-River Boteti River] (n.d.). In ''Encyclopædia Britannica online''. Retrieved 28 January 2019</ref> isagoo ka soo baxaya qoyan-qoyanka [[Webiga Thamalakane]] ee [[Toteng]], ka dibna u qulqula waqooyi-bari isagoo dhaafaya Tlkaseoulo, biyac-dhaca Ghautsa, ka dibna u qulqula bariga isagoo dhaafaya tuulooyinka [[Makalamabedi]],<ref>[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet33-4th-ed.jpg Windhoek Sheet 33, Edition 4, TPC, 1969], Series 2201, U.S. Army Map Service</ref> Muekekle, iyo [[Matima]], ka dibna magaalada [[Kwaraga]], wuxuu u leexdaa koonfurta isagoo dhaafaya tuulooyinka Phukumakaku, Khumaga (Lekono), Sukwane, Rakops (Jakops), iyo Xhuma (Khomo).<ref name="Johannesburg-Sheet"/> Ka dib wuxuu dhaafaa [[Harada Xau]] (ama sanad aad u roob badan wuxuu galaa oo uu ka baxaa Harada Xau) ka dibna wuxuu u sii jeedaa bariga isagoo dhaafaya tuulada Mopipi (Madista) wuxuuna galaa Ntwetwe Pan.<ref name="Johannesburg-Sheet"/> Boteti wuxuu ka fidaa [[Ngamiland]] ilaa degmada ugu weyn ee [[Boteti District]], halkaas oo loo isticmaalo in lagu buuxiyo Biyo-xireenka [[Mopipi]], kaas oo muhiim u ah [[macdanta dheemanka]] ee aagga, gaar ahaan [[macdanta dheemanka ee Orapa]].<ref name="Murphy-100"/><ref name="Breyer">Breyer, J. I. E. (1983) "Soils in the Lower Boteti Region, Central District, Botswana" National Institute for Development Research and Documentation, University of Botswana, Gaborone, page 32, {{OCLC|12600164}}</ref> Leexinta wabiga ayaa dad badan oo deggan meesha ka dhigtay mid aan haysan il ku filan oo [[biyo nadiif ah]]; waxa intaas ka sii badan, uma ay sii raaxaysan karin kalluumeysiga iyo hawlaha kale ee wabiga. == Taariikh == Bilowgii iyo badhtamihii qarnigii 20-aad, Boteti hoose, oo ka hooseeya Sukwane, wuxuu ahaa aag weyn oo soo saara badarka, iyadoo in ka badan 2,000{{nbsp}}ha la beeray ilaa 1980-kii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tirada iyo baaxadda sannadaha qoyan ayaa hoos u dhacay, wabigana waxaa loo qoondeeyay qulqulka hoose ee [[Rakops]] si loo kordhiyo qulqulka Biyo-xireenka Mopipi.<ref name="Scudder">{{Cite book |last=Scudder |first=T. |title=The IUCN review of the Southern Okavango Integrated Water Development Project |date=1993 |publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) |isbn=978-2-8317-0114-1 |series=The IUCN Wetlands Programme |location=Gland, Switzerland |page=90}}</ref> Wuxuu qulqulayay sannad-wareegtadii ka hor bartamihii 1990-meeyadii,<ref name="Helgren-298"/> ka dib markii qulqulka hoos u dhacay uu keenay in meelo ka mid ah qaybaha hoose ay qalalaan xilliyeedka. == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Nxai Pan]] * [[Webiga Nata]] * [[Sua Pan]] * [[Nwetwe Pan]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{coord|21.2711|S|24.7949|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} bazji0uiox57q9g2mvfm59ihlhelf3y 0 48839 301476 2026-07-10T13:21:38Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Thamalakane | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Maun_Anflug2.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Thamalakane oo u dhow Maun | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!----------------------... 301476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Thamalakane | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Maun_Anflug2.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Thamalakane oo u dhow Maun | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Botswana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Okavango Delta]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 88 | length_ref = {{citation needed|date=July 2025}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Sua Pan]] | mouth_location = [[Botswana]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Thamalakane''' waa wabi ku yaal dalka [[Botswana]], [[Afrika]], oo ku yaal dhinaca koonfureed ee [[Okavango Delta]]. Ma laha bilow si fiican loo qeexay (ilo biyo ah) mana laha dhammaad cad ([[webi-delta|delta]]). Waa natiijada ka dhalatay [[Fault (geology)|qallooca]] Thamalakane - kaas oo bilaabay inuu samaysmo qiyaastii laba milyan oo sano ka hor habka juqraafiyeed ee [[rift|burburka]] kaas oo hadda kala qaybinaya Afrika iyada oo la raacayo [[East African Rift]]. [[File:Water lilies in Thamalakane river.jpg|thumb|left|Ubax-biyoodka webiga Thamalakane]] Markii dhulka u dhexeeya laba qallooc oo isbarbar socda (qallooca [[Gumare]] iyo qallooca [[Kunyere]]) uu bilaabay inuu hoos u dhaco, qulqulka [[Webiga Okavango]] waxaa xiray qallooca Thamalakane wuxuuna bilaabay inuu kala fido oo uu dhiso kanaallo biyo ah oo farabadan - waxa hadda loo yaqaan [[Okavango Delta]]. Mid ka mid ah kanaallada waaweyn ee ka daadgureeya [[Okavango Delta]] waa [[Webiga Boro, Botswana|Webiga Boro]]. Iyadoo uu xiray qalloocu, waxay si toos ah ugu shubtaa xagal qumman oo ku taal [[biyo-mareenka]] uu abuuray qalloocu, Webiga Thamalakane. Qiyaastii 40 km dhanka galbeed, biyuhu waxay heleen meel ay kaga jabaan Qallooca Thamalakane. Mar kale xagal qumman ayay kaga shubtaa Webiga Thamalakane waxayna samaysaa [[Webiga Boteti]], kaas oo la kulma qalalan xilliyeed qaybo ka mid ah qaybaha hoose. Xilliga roobka, Boteti wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Makgadikgadi Pans]], taas oo aaggaas ka dhigta mid firfircoon oo leh wax-soo-saar sare oo xilliyeedka biyaha ah.<ref>C. Michael Hogan. 2008</ref> Waqtiyadii hore, Boro wuxuu quudin jiray oo kaliya ma aha Webiga Thamalakane laakiin sidoo kale kanaallo yaryar sida [[Boronyana]] iyo [[Shashe]]. Webiga Thamalakane waxaa agtiisa ku koray tuulada [[Maun, Botswana|Maun]]. Sahayda biyaha ee Maun waxay ka timaadaa goobo ceelal ah oo ku yaal webiyada Thamalakane iyo [[Webiga Shashe]].<ref>T. Scudder. 1993</ref> == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Webiga Boteti]] * [[Botswana Wildlife Training Institute]] == Qoraallo xariir ah == {{reflist}} == Tixraac == * C.Michael Hogan. 2008. [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&mode=&order=0 ''Makgadikgadi''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030065111/https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&mode=&order=0 |date=30 October 2023 }}, A. Burnham, ed. ''The Megalithic Portal'' * T.Scudder. 1993. ''The IUCN review of the Southern Okavango Integrated Water Development Project'', International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 543 pages {{Coord|20|08|S|23|23|E|display=title|region:BW_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} 68tw7yadhikq4g1fd1twg539qyrylqb 0 48840 301477 2026-07-10T13:23:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Nata | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Webiga Manzamnyama | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Botswana]] iyo [[Zimbabwe]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 330 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = Sandown | source1_location = [[Zimbabwe]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|20.425036|S|28.180660|E|format=dms}} | source1_elevation = | source2 = | source2_location = | source2_coordinates= | source2_elevation = | mouth = [[Makgadikgadi Pans]] ([[Sua Pan]]) | mouth_location = [[Botswana]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Nata''' ama '''Webiga Manzamnyama''' waa wabi-mareen dabiici ah oo ku yaal Koonfurta Afrika. Waa wabi xilliyeed ku qulqula [[Zimbabwe]] iyo [[Botswana]]. Wuxuu leeyahay dherer dhan {{convert|330|km}} laga bilaabo isha ilaa afka, {{convert|210|km}} oo ku yaal Zimbabwe iyo {{convert|120|km}} oo ku yaal Botswana. Bedka guud ee biyo-qabashadiisu waa {{convert|24585|km2}}. Wabigu wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa Sandown (S20.425036˚, E28.180660˚), oo ah magaalo beeraleey yar oo ku taal aagga dhexe ee Zimbabwe {{convert|50|km}} koonfur galbeed ka xigta [[Bulawayo]] wuxuuna ku dhammaadaa [[Makgadikgadi Pans]] (S20.348816˚, E26.240166˚) ee dalka Botswana. Ma jiro meel laga baxo oo ka timaada dhulka milixda ah taas oo loo tixgelin karo "badda dhimatay" ee koonfurta. Qaybaha sare ee wabiga waxay ku yaallaan aag beeraley ganacsi ah halkaas oo hababka deegaanka iyo beeraha ee wanaagsan ay keeneen in wabigu uu la kulmo dhoobo/fadhiisin aad u yar. Fadhiisin la arki karo ayaa bilaabma qiyaastii {{convert|65|km}} inta uu socdo wabigu taas oo calaamad u ah bilowga {{convert|90|km|adj=on}} ee Zimbabwe halkaas oo wabigu uu dhex maro aagag beeraley ah. Waa aaggan meesha laga dareemo awoodda wabiga ee cammirida ciidda, bulshaduna ay ugu tiirsan yihiin biyaha webiga ciidda ujeedooyin guri, beereed iyo xoolaad. Gudaha dalka Botswana, Webiga Nata waa isha biyaha ee [[qoyan-qoyan xilliyeedka]] ee Makgadikgadi Pans, halkaas oo ay ku nool yihiin noocyo badan oo xaddidan.<ref>Hulsmans, 2006</ref> Si gaar ah Webiga Nata wuxuu ugu shubmaa [[Sua Pan]], isagoo ka daadgureeya qaybo ka mid ah bariga Botswana iyo koonfur-galbeedka Zimbabwe. == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Nwetwe Pan]] * [[Sua Pan]] == Tixraac == * Ann Hulsmans, Sofie Bracke, Kelle Moreau, Bruce J. Riddoch, Luc De Meester and Luc Brendonck, ''Dormant egg bank characteristics and hatching pattern of the Phallocryptus spinosa (Anostraca) population in the Makgadikgadi Pans (Botswana)'', [[Hydrobiologia]], Springer Netherlands, Volume 571, Number 1 / November, 2006 ISSN 0018-8158 (Print) 1573–5117, pages 123-132 [https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10750-006-0233-x] * Chris McIntyre (2008) ''Botswana: Okavango Delta, Chobe, Northern Kalahari'', Bradt publishers, 502 pages {{ISBN|1-84162-166-8}} == Qoraallo xariir ah == {{reflist}} {{coord|20|14|S|26|10|E|display=title|region:BW_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} ezkhgrys6y03syrotvbr8y1llcwl7vi 0 48841 301478 2026-07-10T13:25:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Semowane | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Botswana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Makgadikgadi Pans]] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Makgadikgadi]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Semowane''' waa wabi-mareen dabiici ah oo muhiim ah oo ku yaal Koonfurta Afrika. Gudaha dalka [[Botswana]], Webiga Semowane wuxuu sameeyaa xudduud u dhaxaysa dhowr maamul dawladeed.<ref>Botswana, 2008</ref> Wabigani waa il biyo oo muhiim u ah [[qoyan-qoyan xilliyeedka]] ee [[Makgadikgadi]], halkaas oo ay ku nool yihiin noocyo badan oo xaddidan.<ref>Hulsmans, 2006</ref> Si gaar ah Webiga Semowane wuxuu ugu shubmaa [[Sua Pan]]. == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Nwetwe Pan]] == Tixraac == * Botswana National Government Constitution: Volume I (2008) * Ann Hulsmans, Sofie Bracke, Kelle Moreau, Bruce J. Riddoch, Luc De Meester and Luc Brendonck, ''Dormant egg bank characteristics and hatching pattern of the Phallocryptus spinosa (Anostraca) population in the Makgadikgadi Pans (Botswana)'', [[Hydrobiologia]], Springer Netherlands, Volume 571, Number 1 / November, 2006 ISSN 0018-8158 (Print) 1573–5117, pages 123-132 [https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10750-006-0233-x] == Qoraallo xariir ah == {{reflist}} {{coord|-20.3954|26.2557|type:river_region:BW|display=title}} rdap8o53n9hb4gsieesewn9esimsuko 0 48842 301479 2026-07-10T13:26:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Mosetse | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Botswana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 170 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Makgadikgadi Pans]] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Sua Pan]] | mouth_location = [[Botswana]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Mosetse''' waa wabi-mareen dabiici ah oo ku yaal [[Botswana]]. Gudaha dalka [[Botswana]], Mosetse waa isha biyaha ee [[qoyan-qoyan xilliyeedka]] ee [[Makgadikgadi Pans]], halkaas oo ay ku nool yihiin dhowr [[nooc]] oo ka tirsan [[kalluunka qolofleyda]] (crustacean) oo leh qaybsanaan xaddidan.<ref>Ann Hulsmans, Sofie Bracke, Kelle Moreau, Bruce J. Riddoch, Luc De Meester and Luc Brendonck, "[https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10750-006-0233-x Dormant egg bank characteristics and hatching pattern of the Phallocryptus spinosa (Anostraca) population in the Makgadikgadi Pans (Botswana)], ''[[Hydrobiologia]]'' 571:1 (Nov. 2006), pages 123–132, Springer Netherlands, ISSN 0018-8158 (Print) 1573-5117. </ref> Si gaar ah Webiga Mosetse wuxuu ugu shubmaa [[Sua Pan]], isagoo ka daadgureeya qaybo ka mid ah bariga [[Botswana]]. == Eeg sidoo kale == * Tuulada [[Mosetse]] * [[Nwetwe Pan]] * [[Sua Pan]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{coord|-20.6553|26.1197|type:river_region:BW|display=title}} a5aolxvauzo3yw1od0jolnjmxcmm4ts 0 48843 301480 2026-07-10T13:28:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301480 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Lepashe''' waa wabi-mareen dabiici ah oo ku yaal [[Botswana]]. Wuxuu magaca la wadaagaa tuulada [[Lepashe]], oo uu wabigu dhex maro. Webiga Lepashe wuxuu ugu shubmaa [[Sua Pan]].<ref>C. Michael Hogan</ref> Waxaa jira kheyraadka quruuruxa oo muhiim ah oo ku teedsan qaar ka mid ah qaybaha Webiga Lepashe.<ref>Botswana Geological Survey</ref> == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Makgadikgadi Pans]] == Tixraac == * Botswana Geological Survey Dept, District Memoir no. 1, published by Federation of Malaya * C. Michael Hogan (2008) ''Makgadikgadi'', The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&mode=&order=0] == Qoraallo xariir ah == {{reflist}} {{coord|20|52|S|26|16|E|display=title|region:BW_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} bff3csid693tbegv0x3qd7i8p4racz4 0 48844 301481 2026-07-10T13:30:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301481 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Mosope | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = Botswana | source1_location = Meel u dhow Moshupa | mouth = Webiga Limpopo | progression = Mosope → Kolobeng → Metsimotlhaba → Notwane → Limpopo | river_system = Biyo-mareenka Webiga Limpopo }} '''Webiga Mosope''' waa wabi-mareen dabiici ah oo ku yaal [[Botswana]], kaas oo dhex mara tuulada [[Moshupa]] oo ah halka ay deggan tahay bulshada Bakgatla-ba-ga-Mmanaana. Webiga Mosope wuxuu ku biiraa [[Webiga Kolobeng]] si ay u sameeyaan [[Metsimotlhaba]] kaas oo ku biira [[Webiga Notwane]] agagaarka [[Mochudi]], ka dibna u sii socda [[Webiga Limpopo]]. Wabigu wuxuu taageeraa dhirta xilliyeedka iyo ilaha biyaha ee degsiimooyinka u dhow, in kasta oo qulqulkiisu uu aad ugu kala duwan yahay qaababka roobka. == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Sua Pan]] == Tixraac == * Republic of Botswana, Daily News Archive. 2006. [http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20060309&i=Ministry_evaluates_cost_recovery_methods] * C.Michael Hogan. 2008. ''Makgadikgadi'', The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&mode=&order=0] == Qoraallo xariir ah == {{reflist}} {{coord|21|07|S|26|16|E|display=title|region:BW_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} 9fsn8rqdky6pkg98f9pwtz8vz0nrlyf 0 48845 301490 2026-07-10T17:01:46Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 Samee turjumidda bogga "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357747062|Governor of Texas]]" 301490 wikitext text/x-wiki Guddoomiyaha Texas (waa madaxa dowladda Texas . Guddoomiyaha ayaa sidoo kale ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Texas. chr1a1hat2w1chhbcrcl98q7ez3p75j 301491 301490 2026-07-10T17:10:52Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 Samee turjumidda bogga "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357747062|Governor of Texas]]" 301491 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" />Guddoomiyaha Texas (waa madaxa dowladda Texas . Guddoomiyaha ayaa sidoo kale ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Texas.Guddoomiyaha Texas (waa madaxa dowladda Texas . Guddoomiyaha ayaa sidoo kale ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Texas . Guddoomiyaha wuxuu u taagan yahay Texas kale hubinta ku dhaqanka Dastuurka Texas iyo habsami u socodka howlaha Hay’adaha Dowladda. * 8q2gfzugthx7eobltb6eesnsq0ba2j9 301492 301491 2026-07-10T17:12:24Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301492 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Seal of the Governor of Texas.svg|thumb|Shaabadda]] Guddoomiyaha Texas (waa madaxa dowladda Texas . Guddoomiyaha ayaa sidoo kale ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Texas.Guddoomiyaha Texas (waa madaxa dowladda Texas . Guddoomiyaha ayaa sidoo kale ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Texas . Guddoomiyaha wuxuu u taagan yahay Texas kale hubinta ku dhaqanka Dastuurka Texas iyo habsami u socodka howlaha Hay’adaha Dowladda. cajutey3nzmcf8w2klh3dn0usjjctod 301493 301492 2026-07-10T17:14:57Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301493 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Seal of the Governor of Texas.svg|thumb|Shaabadda]] Guddoomiyaha Texas (waa madaxa dowladda Texas . Guddoomiyaha ayaa sidoo kale ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Texas.Guddoomiyaha Texas (waa madaxa dowladda Texas . Guddoomiyaha ayaa sidoo kale ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Texas . Guddoomiyaha wuxuu u taagan yahay Texas kale hubinta ku dhaqanka Dastuurka Texas iyo habsami u socodka howlaha Hay’adaha Dowladda. == Websites == '''[https://gov.texas.gov gov.texas.gov]''' (Xafiiska Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas) '''[https://www.ltgov.state.tx.us// ltgov.state.tx.us//]''' (Xafiiska Guddoomiye Ku-xigeenka) == References == iv1y4xfxxalsydcnbdl2lmd6aznb5oy 301494 301493 2026-07-10T17:15:56Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301494 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Seal of the Governor of Texas.svg|thumb|Shaabadda]] Guddoomiyaha Texas (''Governor of Texas'') (waa madaxa dowladda Texas . Guddoomiyaha ayaa sidoo kale ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Texas.Guddoomiyaha Texas (waa madaxa dowladda Texas . Guddoomiyaha ayaa sidoo kale ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Texas . Guddoomiyaha wuxuu u taagan yahay Texas kale hubinta ku dhaqanka Dastuurka Texas iyo habsami u socodka howlaha Hay’adaha Dowladda. == Websites == '''[https://gov.texas.gov gov.texas.gov]''' (Xafiiska Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas) '''[https://www.ltgov.state.tx.us// ltgov.state.tx.us//]''' (Xafiiska Guddoomiye Ku-xigeenka) == References == 9c0ljf5g108txgx4ie80rw52wmrnxby 301495 301494 2026-07-10T17:18:28Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301495 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Seal of the Governor of Texas.svg|thumb|Shaabadda]] Guddoomiyaha Texas (''Governor of Texas'') (waa madaxa dowladda Texas . Guddoomiyaha ayaa sidoo kale ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Texas.Guddoomiyaha Texas (waa madaxa dowladda Texas . Guddoomiyaha ayaa sidoo kale ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Texas . Guddoomiyaha wuxuu u taagan yahay Texas kale hubinta ku dhaqanka Dastuurka Texas iyo habsami u socodka howlaha Hay’adaha Dowladda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Rottinghaus|first=Brandon|url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/328897/html|title=Rick Perry: A Political Life|date=2024-12-31|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-1-4773-2890-3|doi=10.7560/328897}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Association|first=Texas State Historical|title=History of the Texas Governor's Mansion|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/governors-mansion|access-date=2025-04-28|website=Texas State Historical Association|language=en}}</ref> == Websites == '''[https://gov.texas.gov gov.texas.gov]''' (Xafiiska Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas) '''[https://www.ltgov.state.tx.us// ltgov.state.tx.us//]''' (Xafiiska Guddoomiye Ku-xigeenka) == References == d5f22tqrjg15l8i8ugje1ydn8iac0lj 301496 301495 2026-07-10T17:19:22Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 /* References */ Tixraac 301496 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Seal of the Governor of Texas.svg|thumb|Shaabadda]] Guddoomiyaha Texas (''Governor of Texas'') (waa madaxa dowladda Texas . Guddoomiyaha ayaa sidoo kale ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Texas.Guddoomiyaha Texas (waa madaxa dowladda Texas . Guddoomiyaha ayaa sidoo kale ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Texas . Guddoomiyaha wuxuu u taagan yahay Texas kale hubinta ku dhaqanka Dastuurka Texas iyo habsami u socodka howlaha Hay’adaha Dowladda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Rottinghaus|first=Brandon|url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/328897/html|title=Rick Perry: A Political Life|date=2024-12-31|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-1-4773-2890-3|doi=10.7560/328897}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Association|first=Texas State Historical|title=History of the Texas Governor's Mansion|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/governors-mansion|access-date=2025-04-28|website=Texas State Historical Association|language=en}}</ref> == Websites == '''[https://gov.texas.gov gov.texas.gov]''' (Xafiiska Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas) '''[https://www.ltgov.state.tx.us// ltgov.state.tx.us//]''' (Xafiiska Guddoomiye Ku-xigeenka) ==Tixraac== 1arn6pti4jp5d6fnjxunx6g66x9ltl3 301497 301496 2026-07-10T17:20:35Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301497 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Seal of the Governor of Texas.svg|thumb|Shaabadda]] Guddoomiyaha Texas (''Governor of Texas'') (waa madaxa dowladda Texas . Guddoomiyaha ayaa sidoo kale ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Texas.Guddoomiyaha Texas (waa madaxa dowladda Texas . Guddoomiyaha ayaa sidoo kale ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Texas . Guddoomiyaha wuxuu u taagan yahay Texas kale hubinta ku dhaqanka Dastuurka Texas iyo habsami u socodka howlaha Hay’adaha Dowladda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Rottinghaus|first=Brandon|url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/328897/html|title=Rick Perry: A Political Life|date=2024-12-31|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-1-4773-2890-3|doi=10.7560/328897}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Association|first=Texas State Historical|title=History of the Texas Governor's Mansion|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/governors-mansion|access-date=2025-04-28|website=Texas State Historical Association|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last=Rottinghaus|first=Brandon|url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/328897/html|title=Rick Perry: A Political Life|date=2024-12-31|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-1-4773-2890-3|doi=10.7560/328897}}</ref> == Websites == '''[https://gov.texas.gov gov.texas.gov]''' (Xafiiska Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas) '''[https://www.ltgov.state.tx.us// ltgov.state.tx.us//]''' (Xafiiska Guddoomiye Ku-xigeenka) ==Tixraac== bj6axdpfoj1o0xvm7w5lq7wtcpoia3q 301498 301497 2026-07-10T17:20:46Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301498 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Seal of the Governor of Texas.svg|thumb|Shaabadda]] Guddoomiyaha Texas (''Governor of Texas'') (waa madaxa dowladda Texas . Guddoomiyaha ayaa sidoo kale ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Texas.Guddoomiyaha Texas (waa madaxa dowladda Texas . Guddoomiyaha ayaa sidoo kale ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Texas . Guddoomiyaha wuxuu u taagan yahay Texas kale hubinta ku dhaqanka Dastuurka Texas iyo habsami u socodka howlaha Hay’adaha Dowladda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Rottinghaus|first=Brandon|url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/328897/html|title=Rick Perry: A Political Life|date=2024-12-31|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-1-4773-2890-3|doi=10.7560/328897}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Association|first=Texas State Historical|title=History of the Texas Governor's Mansion|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/governors-mansion|access-date=2025-04-28|website=Texas State Historical Association|language=en}}</ref> == Websites == '''[https://gov.texas.gov gov.texas.gov]''' (Xafiiska Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas) '''[https://www.ltgov.state.tx.us// ltgov.state.tx.us//]''' (Xafiiska Guddoomiye Ku-xigeenka) ==Tixraac== 1arn6pti4jp5d6fnjxunx6g66x9ltl3 0 48846 301515 2026-07-10T20:57:45Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 Bog cusub: {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = '''Jiwid''' '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] Soomaali Galbe... 301515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = '''Jiwid''' '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca guud ee lagu aqoonsado beesha, isagoo ilaalinaya magaca awoowaha iyo hiddaha bulshada. Sida ay sheegaan fasiraadaha hiddaha beesha: '''Aar''' – waxaa loola jeedaa Libaaxa lab, sidoo kalena waxaa lagu tilmaamaa geesinimo. '''Same''' – waxaa loola jeedaa wanaag ama qof wanaagsan. Isku darka magaca '''Aarsame''' waxaa loo fasiraa inuu tilmaamayo qof geesi ah oo wanaagsan. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, bulshada waxay aaminsan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle. Qoraallada cilmiyeed ee hore ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin Suudaani ah oo ku noolaa hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle ee agagaarka Gode. Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu u sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay lahaayeen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref name="Bender1975">Bender, M. Lionel. ''The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans''. Artistic Printers, Addis Ababa, 1975.</ref> Bulshada Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ka sameysteen deegaanno beereed iyo bulsho ku tiirsan wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo, Aarsame waxay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed, kaas oo hagayay arrimaha bulshada, garsoorka, nabadda iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sidoo kale, sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhaha afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Gedow (Rer Gedow), Cali Mad (Ali Mad) iyo Bah Geri.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow), waxaana deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ay ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde) oo maanta loo yaqaano Qallaafo, deegaanada beesha Aarsame ee ku yaala deegaankaasi waxaa ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [Qabiilada Soomaalida]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |last2=Samatar |first2=Said S. |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |isbn=978-0-85255-280-3 |language=en }} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} 49rl24mxt05hby5f3vfercszop164qy 301516 301515 2026-07-10T21:00:46Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* */ 301516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca guud ee lagu aqoonsado beesha, isagoo ilaalinaya magaca awoowaha iyo hiddaha bulshada. Sida ay sheegaan fasiraadaha hiddaha beesha: '''Aar''' – waxaa loola jeedaa Libaaxa lab, sidoo kalena waxaa lagu tilmaamaa geesinimo. '''Same''' – waxaa loola jeedaa wanaag ama qof wanaagsan. Isku darka magaca '''Aarsame''' waxaa loo fasiraa inuu tilmaamayo qof geesi ah oo wanaagsan. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, bulshada waxay aaminsan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle. Qoraallada cilmiyeed ee hore ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin Suudaani ah oo ku noolaa hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle ee agagaarka Gode. Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu u sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay lahaayeen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref name="Bender1975">Bender, M. Lionel. ''The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans''. Artistic Printers, Addis Ababa, 1975.</ref> Bulshada Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ka sameysteen deegaanno beereed iyo bulsho ku tiirsan wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo, Aarsame waxay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed, kaas oo hagayay arrimaha bulshada, garsoorka, nabadda iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sidoo kale, sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhaha afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Gedow (Rer Gedow), Cali Mad (Ali Mad) iyo Bah Geri.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow), waxaana deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ay ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde) oo maanta loo yaqaano Qallaafo, deegaanada beesha Aarsame ee ku yaala deegaankaasi waxaa ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [Qabiilada Soomaalida]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |last2=Samatar |first2=Said S. |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |isbn=978-0-85255-280-3 |language=en }} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} epwhfii2retgw6fst1uajc7so7p6d4n 301517 301516 2026-07-10T21:04:48Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Deegaanka */ 301517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca guud ee lagu aqoonsado beesha, isagoo ilaalinaya magaca awoowaha iyo hiddaha bulshada. Sida ay sheegaan fasiraadaha hiddaha beesha: '''Aar''' – waxaa loola jeedaa Libaaxa lab, sidoo kalena waxaa lagu tilmaamaa geesinimo. '''Same''' – waxaa loola jeedaa wanaag ama qof wanaagsan. Isku darka magaca '''Aarsame''' waxaa loo fasiraa inuu tilmaamayo qof geesi ah oo wanaagsan. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, bulshada waxay aaminsan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle. Qoraallada cilmiyeed ee hore ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin Suudaani ah oo ku noolaa hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle ee agagaarka Gode. Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu u sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay lahaayeen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref name="Bender1975">Bender, M. Lionel. ''The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans''. Artistic Printers, Addis Ababa, 1975.</ref> Bulshada Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ka sameysteen deegaanno beereed iyo bulsho ku tiirsan wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo, Aarsame waxay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed, kaas oo hagayay arrimaha bulshada, garsoorka, nabadda iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sidoo kale, sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhaha afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Gedow (Rer Gedow), Calimaad (Ali Mad) iyo Bah Geri.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow), waxaana deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ay ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde) oo maanta loo yaqaano Qallaafo, deegaanada beesha Aarsame ee ku yaala deegaankaasi waxaa ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [Qabiilada Soomaalida]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |last2=Samatar |first2=Said S. |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |isbn=978-0-85255-280-3 |language=en }} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} k63egjfets0tda5mpr6nxcat0gl6gz5 301518 301517 2026-07-10T21:05:43Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Sidoo kale eeg */ 301518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca guud ee lagu aqoonsado beesha, isagoo ilaalinaya magaca awoowaha iyo hiddaha bulshada. Sida ay sheegaan fasiraadaha hiddaha beesha: '''Aar''' – waxaa loola jeedaa Libaaxa lab, sidoo kalena waxaa lagu tilmaamaa geesinimo. '''Same''' – waxaa loola jeedaa wanaag ama qof wanaagsan. Isku darka magaca '''Aarsame''' waxaa loo fasiraa inuu tilmaamayo qof geesi ah oo wanaagsan. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, bulshada waxay aaminsan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle. Qoraallada cilmiyeed ee hore ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin Suudaani ah oo ku noolaa hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle ee agagaarka Gode. Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu u sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay lahaayeen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref name="Bender1975">Bender, M. Lionel. ''The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans''. Artistic Printers, Addis Ababa, 1975.</ref> Bulshada Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ka sameysteen deegaanno beereed iyo bulsho ku tiirsan wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo, Aarsame waxay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed, kaas oo hagayay arrimaha bulshada, garsoorka, nabadda iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sidoo kale, sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhaha afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Gedow (Rer Gedow), Calimaad (Ali Mad) iyo Bah Geri.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow), waxaana deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ay ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde) oo maanta loo yaqaano Qallaafo, deegaanada beesha Aarsame ee ku yaala deegaankaasi waxaa ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [[Qabiilada Soomaalida]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |last2=Samatar |first2=Said S. |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |isbn=978-0-85255-280-3 |language=en }} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} mo5l4wo325fi539vrp3v9bwi35bm6mp 301519 301518 2026-07-10T21:06:46Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Sidoo kale eeg */ 301519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca guud ee lagu aqoonsado beesha, isagoo ilaalinaya magaca awoowaha iyo hiddaha bulshada. Sida ay sheegaan fasiraadaha hiddaha beesha: '''Aar''' – waxaa loola jeedaa Libaaxa lab, sidoo kalena waxaa lagu tilmaamaa geesinimo. '''Same''' – waxaa loola jeedaa wanaag ama qof wanaagsan. Isku darka magaca '''Aarsame''' waxaa loo fasiraa inuu tilmaamayo qof geesi ah oo wanaagsan. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, bulshada waxay aaminsan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle. Qoraallada cilmiyeed ee hore ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin Suudaani ah oo ku noolaa hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle ee agagaarka Gode. Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu u sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay lahaayeen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref name="Bender1975">Bender, M. Lionel. ''The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans''. Artistic Printers, Addis Ababa, 1975.</ref> Bulshada Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ka sameysteen deegaanno beereed iyo bulsho ku tiirsan wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo, Aarsame waxay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed, kaas oo hagayay arrimaha bulshada, garsoorka, nabadda iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sidoo kale, sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhaha afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Gedow (Rer Gedow), Calimaad (Ali Mad) iyo Bah Geri.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow), waxaana deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ay ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde) oo maanta loo yaqaano Qallaafo, deegaanada beesha Aarsame ee ku yaala deegaankaasi waxaa ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [[Soomaalida]] [[Af-Soomaali]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |last2=Samatar |first2=Said S. |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |isbn=978-0-85255-280-3 |language=en }} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} mhwnq14g9zevznga48dyf3ugbg8h7k4 301520 301519 2026-07-10T21:07:26Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Sidoo kale eeg */ 301520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca guud ee lagu aqoonsado beesha, isagoo ilaalinaya magaca awoowaha iyo hiddaha bulshada. Sida ay sheegaan fasiraadaha hiddaha beesha: '''Aar''' – waxaa loola jeedaa Libaaxa lab, sidoo kalena waxaa lagu tilmaamaa geesinimo. '''Same''' – waxaa loola jeedaa wanaag ama qof wanaagsan. Isku darka magaca '''Aarsame''' waxaa loo fasiraa inuu tilmaamayo qof geesi ah oo wanaagsan. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, bulshada waxay aaminsan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle. Qoraallada cilmiyeed ee hore ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin Suudaani ah oo ku noolaa hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle ee agagaarka Gode. Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu u sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay lahaayeen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref name="Bender1975">Bender, M. Lionel. ''The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans''. Artistic Printers, Addis Ababa, 1975.</ref> Bulshada Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ka sameysteen deegaanno beereed iyo bulsho ku tiirsan wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo, Aarsame waxay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed, kaas oo hagayay arrimaha bulshada, garsoorka, nabadda iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sidoo kale, sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhaha afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Gedow (Rer Gedow), Calimaad (Ali Mad) iyo Bah Geri.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow), waxaana deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ay ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde) oo maanta loo yaqaano Qallaafo, deegaanada beesha Aarsame ee ku yaala deegaankaasi waxaa ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [[Soomaalida]] [[Af-Soomaali]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |last2=Samatar |first2=Said S. |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |isbn=978-0-85255-280-3 |language=en }} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} mmlzitqo9557csfwe9zdakjbh84ws3k 301521 301520 2026-07-10T21:11:08Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Deegaanka */ 301521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca guud ee lagu aqoonsado beesha, isagoo ilaalinaya magaca awoowaha iyo hiddaha bulshada. Sida ay sheegaan fasiraadaha hiddaha beesha: '''Aar''' – waxaa loola jeedaa Libaaxa lab, sidoo kalena waxaa lagu tilmaamaa geesinimo. '''Same''' – waxaa loola jeedaa wanaag ama qof wanaagsan. Isku darka magaca '''Aarsame''' waxaa loo fasiraa inuu tilmaamayo qof geesi ah oo wanaagsan. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, bulshada waxay aaminsan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle. Qoraallada cilmiyeed ee hore ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin Suudaani ah oo ku noolaa hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle ee agagaarka Gode. Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu u sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay lahaayeen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref name="Bender1975">Bender, M. Lionel. ''The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans''. Artistic Printers, Addis Ababa, 1975.</ref> Bulshada Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ka sameysteen deegaanno beereed iyo bulsho ku tiirsan wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo, Aarsame waxay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed, kaas oo hagayay arrimaha bulshada, garsoorka, nabadda iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sidoo kale, sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhaha afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Gedow (Rer Gedow), Calimaad (Ali Mad) iyo Bah Geri.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow). Waxa ay deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ay ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [[Soomaalida]] [[Af-Soomaali]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |last2=Samatar |first2=Said S. |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |isbn=978-0-85255-280-3 |language=en }} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} 7wxgsgfv7sgpytuy1sh7u8nd0xsro1o 301522 301521 2026-07-10T21:14:39Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* */ 301522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = Qiyaastii 10,000 | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca guud ee lagu aqoonsado beesha, isagoo ilaalinaya magaca awoowaha iyo hiddaha bulshada. Sida ay sheegaan fasiraadaha hiddaha beesha: '''Aar''' – waxaa loola jeedaa Libaaxa lab, sidoo kalena waxaa lagu tilmaamaa geesinimo. '''Same''' – waxaa loola jeedaa wanaag ama qof wanaagsan. Isku darka magaca '''Aarsame''' waxaa loo fasiraa inuu tilmaamayo qof geesi ah oo wanaagsan. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, bulshada waxay aaminsan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle. Qoraallada cilmiyeed ee hore ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin Suudaani ah oo ku noolaa hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle ee agagaarka Gode. Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu u sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay lahaayeen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref name="Bender1975">Bender, M. Lionel. ''The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans''. Artistic Printers, Addis Ababa, 1975.</ref> Bulshada Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ka sameysteen deegaanno beereed iyo bulsho ku tiirsan wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo, Aarsame waxay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed, kaas oo hagayay arrimaha bulshada, garsoorka, nabadda iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sidoo kale, sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhaha afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Gedow (Rer Gedow), Calimaad (Ali Mad) iyo Bah Geri.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow). Waxa ay deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ay ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [[Soomaalida]] [[Af-Soomaali]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |last2=Samatar |first2=Said S. |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |isbn=978-0-85255-280-3 |language=en }} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} f1oj71jd719k6btcg93cvf9lu04v45n 301523 301522 2026-07-10T21:19:50Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 301523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = Lama hubo | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca guud ee lagu aqoonsado beesha, isagoo ilaalinaya magaca awoowaha iyo hiddaha bulshada. Sida ay sheegaan fasiraadaha hiddaha beesha: '''Aar''' – waxaa loola jeedaa Libaaxa lab, sidoo kalena waxaa lagu tilmaamaa geesinimo. '''Same''' – waxaa loola jeedaa wanaag ama qof wanaagsan. Isku darka magaca '''Aarsame''' waxaa loo fasiraa inuu tilmaamayo qof geesi ah oo wanaagsan. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, bulshada waxay aaminsan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle. Qoraallada cilmiyeed ee hore ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin Suudaani ah oo ku noolaa hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle ee agagaarka Gode. Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu u sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay lahaayeen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref name="Bender1975">Bender, M. Lionel. ''The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans''. Artistic Printers, Addis Ababa, 1975.</ref> Bulshada Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ka sameysteen deegaanno beereed iyo bulsho ku tiirsan wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo, Aarsame waxay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed, kaas oo hagayay arrimaha bulshada, garsoorka, nabadda iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sidoo kale, sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhaha afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Gedow (Rer Gedow), Calimaad (Ali Mad) iyo Bah Geri.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow). Waxa ay deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ay ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [[Soomaalida]] [[Af-Soomaali]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |last2=Samatar |first2=Said S. |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |isbn=978-0-85255-280-3 |language=en }} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} gvfzmzoyibsmtjpzkd2doika0ina1f4 301524 301523 2026-07-10T21:21:27Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Taariikh */ 301524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = Lama hubo | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca guud ee lagu aqoonsado beesha, isagoo ilaalinaya magaca awoowaha iyo hiddaha bulshada. Sida ay sheegaan fasiraadaha hiddaha beesha: '''Aar''' – waxaa loola jeedaa Libaaxa lab, sidoo kalena waxaa lagu tilmaamaa geesinimo. '''Same''' – waxaa loola jeedaa wanaag ama qof wanaagsan. Isku darka magaca '''Aarsame''' waxaa loo fasiraa inuu tilmaamayo qof geesi ah oo wanaagsan. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, bulshada waxay aaminsan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle. Qoraallada cilmiyeed ee hore ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin Suudaani ah oo ku noolaa hareeraha Webiga Shabeelle ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu u sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay lahaayeen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref name="Bender1975">Bender, M. Lionel. ''The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans''. Artistic Printers, Addis Ababa, 1975.</ref> Bulshada Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ka sameysteen deegaanno beereed iyo bulsho ku tiirsan wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo, Aarsame waxay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed, kaas oo hagayay arrimaha bulshada, garsoorka, nabadda iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sidoo kale, sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhaha afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Gedow (Rer Gedow), Calimaad (Ali Mad) iyo Bah Geri.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow). Waxa ay deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ay ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [[Soomaalida]] [[Af-Soomaali]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |last2=Samatar |first2=Said S. |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |isbn=978-0-85255-280-3 |language=en }} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} ai04hn4oxqp5s6qa0mvzwcrdnlddpu2 301525 301524 2026-07-10T21:24:24Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 301525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = Lama hubo | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca guud ee lagu aqoonsado beesha, isagoo ilaalinaya magaca awoowaha iyo hiddaha bulshada. Sida ay sheegaan fasiraadaha hiddaha beesha: '''Aar''' – waxaa loola jeedaa Libaaxa lab, sidoo kalena waxaa lagu tilmaamaa geesinimo. '''Same''' – waxaa loola jeedaa wanaag ama qof wanaagsan. Isku darka magaca '''Aarsame''' waxaa loo fasiraa inuu tilmaamayo qof geesi ah oo wanaagsan. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, bulshada waxay aaminsan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen [[dhulka]] [[Suudaan]] ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]]. Qoraallada cilmiyeed ee hore ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin [[Suudaan]]i ah oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu u sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay lahaayeen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref name="Bender1975">Bender, M. Lionel. ''The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans''. Artistic Printers, Addis Ababa, 1975.</ref> Bulshada Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ka sameysteen deegaanno beereed iyo bulsho ku tiirsan wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo, Aarsame waxay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed, kaas oo hagayay arrimaha bulshada, garsoorka, nabadda iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Xilligan, beesha la malaha hogaamiye ay ku mideysanyihiin, arrimo gudaha beesha oo jira awgood. Sidoo kale, sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhaha afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Gedow (Rer Gedow), Calimaad (Ali Mad) iyo Bah Geri.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow). Waxa ay deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ay ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [[Soomaalida]] [[Af-Soomaali]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |last2=Samatar |first2=Said S. |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |isbn=978-0-85255-280-3 |language=en }} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} 48xbuletnxfrgundf7dsbwsmd3xvb90 301527 301525 2026-07-10T21:26:09Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Magaca */ 301527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = Lama hubo | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca guud ee lagu aqoonsado beesha, isagoo ilaalinaya magaca awoowaha iyo hiddaha bulshada. Sida ay sheegaan fasiraadaha hiddaha beesha: '''[[Aar]]''' – waxaa loola jeedaa Libaaxa lab, sidoo kalena waxaa lagu tilmaamaa geesinimo. '''Same''' – waxaa loola jeedaa wanaag ama qof wanaagsan. Isku darka magaca '''Aarsame''' waxaa loo fasiraa inuu tilmaamayo qof geesi ah oo wanaagsan. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, bulshada waxay aaminsan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen [[dhulka]] [[Suudaan]] ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]]. Qoraallada cilmiyeed ee hore ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin [[Suudaan]]i ah oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu u sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay lahaayeen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref name="Bender1975">Bender, M. Lionel. ''The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans''. Artistic Printers, Addis Ababa, 1975.</ref> Bulshada Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ka sameysteen deegaanno beereed iyo bulsho ku tiirsan wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo, Aarsame waxay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed, kaas oo hagayay arrimaha bulshada, garsoorka, nabadda iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Xilligan, beesha la malaha hogaamiye ay ku mideysanyihiin, arrimo gudaha beesha oo jira awgood. Sidoo kale, sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhaha afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Gedow (Rer Gedow), Calimaad (Ali Mad) iyo Bah Geri.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow). Waxa ay deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ay ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [[Soomaalida]] [[Af-Soomaali]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |last2=Samatar |first2=Said S. |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |isbn=978-0-85255-280-3 |language=en }} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} f1se77c1zovnx62opavo6ctblzsvu3x 301529 301527 2026-07-10T21:29:49Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Taariikh */ 301529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = Lama hubo | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca guud ee lagu aqoonsado beesha, isagoo ilaalinaya magaca awoowaha iyo hiddaha bulshada. Sida ay sheegaan fasiraadaha hiddaha beesha: '''[[Aar]]''' – waxaa loola jeedaa Libaaxa lab, sidoo kalena waxaa lagu tilmaamaa geesinimo. '''Same''' – waxaa loola jeedaa wanaag ama qof wanaagsan. Isku darka magaca '''Aarsame''' waxaa loo fasiraa inuu tilmaamayo qof geesi ah oo wanaagsan. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, bulshada waxay aaminsan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen [[dhulka]] [[Suudaan]] ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]]. Qoraallada cilmiyeed ee hore ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin [[Suudaan]]ese ah oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu u sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay lahaayeen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref name="Bender1975">Bender, M. Lionel. ''The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans''. Artistic Printers, Addis Ababa, 1975.</ref> Bulshada Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ka sameysteen deegaanno beereed iyo bulsho ku tiirsan wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo, Aarsame waxay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed, kaas oo hagayay arrimaha bulshada, garsoorka, nabadda iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Xilligan, beesha la malaha hogaamiye ay ku mideysanyihiin, arrimo gudaha beesha oo jira awgood. Sidoo kale, sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhaha afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Gedow (Rer Gedow), Calimaad (Ali Mad) iyo Bah Geri.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow). Waxa ay deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ay ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [[Soomaalida]] [[Af-Soomaali]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |last2=Samatar |first2=Said S. |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |isbn=978-0-85255-280-3 |language=en }} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} i7fmpnx3e04k4hoptfpopo5umxb7aiv 301531 301529 2026-07-10T21:32:17Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Deegaanka */ 301531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = Lama hubo | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca guud ee lagu aqoonsado beesha, isagoo ilaalinaya magaca awoowaha iyo hiddaha bulshada. Sida ay sheegaan fasiraadaha hiddaha beesha: '''[[Aar]]''' – waxaa loola jeedaa Libaaxa lab, sidoo kalena waxaa lagu tilmaamaa geesinimo. '''Same''' – waxaa loola jeedaa wanaag ama qof wanaagsan. Isku darka magaca '''Aarsame''' waxaa loo fasiraa inuu tilmaamayo qof geesi ah oo wanaagsan. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, bulshada waxay aaminsan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen [[dhulka]] [[Suudaan]] ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]]. Qoraallada cilmiyeed ee hore ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin [[Suudaan]]ese ah oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu u sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay lahaayeen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref name="Bender1975">Bender, M. Lionel. ''The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans''. Artistic Printers, Addis Ababa, 1975.</ref> Bulshada Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ka sameysteen deegaanno beereed iyo bulsho ku tiirsan wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo, Aarsame waxay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed, kaas oo hagayay arrimaha bulshada, garsoorka, nabadda iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Xilligan, beesha la malaha hogaamiye ay ku mideysanyihiin, arrimo gudaha beesha oo jira awgood. Sidoo kale, sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhaha afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Calimaad (Ali Mad) iyo Bah Geri.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow). Waxa ay deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [[Soomaalida]] [[Af-Soomaali]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |last2=Samatar |first2=Said S. |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |isbn=978-0-85255-280-3 |language=en }} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} efmfs7jz8v0zy7gtx5nmueg09nabdbn 301532 301531 2026-07-10T21:35:47Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Abtirsiin */ 301532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = Lama hubo | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca guud ee lagu aqoonsado beesha, isagoo ilaalinaya magaca awoowaha iyo hiddaha bulshada. Sida ay sheegaan fasiraadaha hiddaha beesha: '''[[Aar]]''' – waxaa loola jeedaa Libaaxa lab, sidoo kalena waxaa lagu tilmaamaa geesinimo. '''Same''' – waxaa loola jeedaa wanaag ama qof wanaagsan. Isku darka magaca '''Aarsame''' waxaa loo fasiraa inuu tilmaamayo qof geesi ah oo wanaagsan. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, bulshada waxay aaminsan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen [[dhulka]] [[Suudaan]] ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]]. Qoraallada cilmiyeed ee hore ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin [[Suudaan]]ese ah oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu u sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay lahaayeen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref name="Bender1975">Bender, M. Lionel. ''The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans''. Artistic Printers, Addis Ababa, 1975.</ref> Bulshada Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ka sameysteen deegaanno beereed iyo bulsho ku tiirsan wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo, Aarsame waxay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed, kaas oo hagayay arrimaha bulshada, garsoorka, nabadda iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Xilligan, beesha la malaha hogaamiye ay ku mideysanyihiin, arrimo gudaha beesha oo jira awgood. Sidoo kale, sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhaha afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Calimaad (Ali Mad) iyo Bah Geri.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow). Waxa ay deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [[Soomaalida]] [[Af-Soomaali]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |last2=Samatar |first2=Said S. |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |isbn=978-0-85255-280-3 |language=en }} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} tv4nta6gb4uunpgzg62od92qvnkziox 301568 301532 2026-07-11T04:44:13Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Diinta */ 301568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = Lama hubo | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca guud ee lagu aqoonsado beesha, isagoo ilaalinaya magaca awoowaha iyo hiddaha bulshada. Sida ay sheegaan fasiraadaha hiddaha beesha: '''[[Aar]]''' – waxaa loola jeedaa Libaaxa lab, sidoo kalena waxaa lagu tilmaamaa geesinimo. '''Same''' – waxaa loola jeedaa wanaag ama qof wanaagsan. Isku darka magaca '''Aarsame''' waxaa loo fasiraa inuu tilmaamayo qof geesi ah oo wanaagsan. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, bulshada waxay aaminsan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen [[dhulka]] [[Suudaan]] ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]]. Qoraallada cilmiyeed ee hore ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin [[Suudaan]]ese ah oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu u sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay lahaayeen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref name="Bender1975">Bender, M. Lionel. ''The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans''. Artistic Printers, Addis Ababa, 1975.</ref> Bulshada Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ka sameysteen deegaanno beereed iyo bulsho ku tiirsan wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo, Aarsame waxay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed, kaas oo hagayay arrimaha bulshada, garsoorka, nabadda iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Xilligan, beesha la malaha hogaamiye ay ku mideysanyihiin, arrimo gudaha beesha oo jira awgood. Sidoo kale, sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhaha afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Calimaad (Ali Mad) iyo Bah Geri.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow). Waxa ay deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [[Soomaalida]] [[Af-Soomaali]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |last2=Samatar |first2=Said S. |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |isbn=978-0-85255-280-3 |language=en }} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} 4ervvmh2iz3l1i13jojcxgmq67pdnx4 301600 301568 2026-07-11T08:59:00Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Deegaanka */ 301600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = Lama hubo | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca guud ee lagu aqoonsado beesha, isagoo ilaalinaya magaca awoowaha iyo hiddaha bulshada. Sida ay sheegaan fasiraadaha hiddaha beesha: '''[[Aar]]''' – waxaa loola jeedaa Libaaxa lab, sidoo kalena waxaa lagu tilmaamaa geesinimo. '''Same''' – waxaa loola jeedaa wanaag ama qof wanaagsan. Isku darka magaca '''Aarsame''' waxaa loo fasiraa inuu tilmaamayo qof geesi ah oo wanaagsan. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, bulshada waxay aaminsan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen [[dhulka]] [[Suudaan]] ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]]. Qoraallada cilmiyeed ee hore ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin [[Suudaan]]ese ah oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu u sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay lahaayeen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref name="Bender1975">Bender, M. Lionel. ''The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans''. Artistic Printers, Addis Ababa, 1975.</ref> Bulshada Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ka sameysteen deegaanno beereed iyo bulsho ku tiirsan wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo, Aarsame waxay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed, kaas oo hagayay arrimaha bulshada, garsoorka, nabadda iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Xilligan, beesha la malaha hogaamiye ay ku mideysanyihiin, arrimo gudaha beesha oo jira awgood. Sidoo kale, sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhaha afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Calimaad (Ali Mad) iyo kuwa kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow). Waxa ay deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [[Soomaalida]] [[Af-Soomaali]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=I. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |last2=Samatar |first2=Said S. |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |isbn=978-0-85255-280-3 |language=en }} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} 1z33ss52raryygmi8cb11oc0azlnvel 301604 301600 2026-07-11T09:05:05Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 301604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = Unknow | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca guud ee lagu aqoonsado beesha, isagoo ilaalinaya magaca awoowaha iyo hiddaha bulshada. Sida ay sheegaan fasiraadaha hiddaha beesha: '''[[Aar]]''' – waxaa loola jeedaa Libaaxa lab, sidoo kalena waxaa lagu tilmaamaa geesinimo. '''Same''' – waxaa loola jeedaa wanaag ama qof wanaagsan. Isku darka magaca '''Aarsame''' waxaa loo fasiraa inuu tilmaamayo qof geesi ah oo wanaagsan. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, bulshada waxay aaminsan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen [[dhulka]] [[Suudaan]] ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]]. Qoraallada cilmiyeed ee hore ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin [[Suudaan]]ese ah oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu u sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay lahaayeen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref name="Bender1975">Bender, M. Lionel. ''The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans''. Artistic Printers, Addis Ababa, 1975.</ref> Bulshada Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ka sameysteen deegaanno beereed iyo bulsho ku tiirsan wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo, Aarsame waxay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed, kaas oo hagayay arrimaha bulshada, garsoorka, nabadda iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Xilligan, beesha la malaha hogaamiye ay ku mideysanyihiin, arrimo gudaha beesha oo jira awgood. Sidoo kale, sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhaha afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Calimaad (Ali Mad) iyo kuwa kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow). Waxa ay deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [[Soomaalida]] [[Af-Soomaali]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} pceir5ki6l8aqw9b9t6frudq03pod3y 301613 301604 2026-07-11T09:19:04Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Magaca */ 301613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = Unknow | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, bulshada waxay aaminsan tahay inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen [[dhulka]] [[Suudaan]] ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]]. Qoraallada cilmiyeed ee hore ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin [[Suudaan]]ese ah oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu u sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay lahaayeen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref name="Bender1975">Bender, M. Lionel. ''The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans''. Artistic Printers, Addis Ababa, 1975.</ref> Bulshada Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ka sameysteen deegaanno beereed iyo bulsho ku tiirsan wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Sida ku xusan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo, Aarsame waxay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed, kaas oo hagayay arrimaha bulshada, garsoorka, nabadda iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Xilligan, beesha la malaha hogaamiye ay ku mideysanyihiin, arrimo gudaha beesha oo jira awgood. Sidoo kale, sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhaha afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Calimaad (Ali Mad) iyo kuwa kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow). Waxa ay deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [[Soomaalida]] [[Af-Soomaali]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} ojp64nvnm4o8yrozpqvwfuva9v3in6b 301621 301613 2026-07-11T09:31:33Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Taariikh */ 301621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = Unknow | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa lagu sheegaa inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid Suudaan oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Calimaad (Ali Mad) iyo kuwa kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, waa farac ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Reer Gedow). Waxa ay deegaannada dhaqanka ee beesha ku yaalaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah:- * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [[Soomaalida]] [[Af-Soomaali]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} k47g3demwownzp27uhiohk5pggi5m05 301624 301621 2026-07-11T09:34:00Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Deegaanka */ 301624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = Unknow | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa lagu sheegaa inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid Suudaan oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Soomaaliya]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] [[Soomaalida]] [[Af-Soomaali]] [[Reer Muuse]] [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} a7o7xzm0mz3r99y49b99gdxp9l1rfjw 301625 301624 2026-07-11T09:34:41Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Sidoo kale eeg */ 301625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = Unknow | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka mid ah Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay deggan tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]] iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah dalka [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa lagu sheegaa inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid Suudaan oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} s8ngmgx0jg90lbfi637we24k714tc88 301627 301625 2026-07-11T09:37:30Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* */ 301627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay inta badan deggen tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]], iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa lagu sheegaa inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid Suudaan oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} ix4ipwzydfdwmpm7rlk6gigl604iluy 301629 301627 2026-07-11T09:37:59Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* */ 301629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay inta badan deggen tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]], iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhaha afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka soo farcamay silsiladdan: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Abtoow ******* Cabdulle ******** Subugle ********* Aw Raamey ********** Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Aarsame waxaa ka faracma laba laamood oo kala ah '''Jiwid iyo Hanle''' iyaga oo usii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa lagu sheegaa inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid Suudaan oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} eh0p1gk249hfczdi02pxnm2i4jqhdlr 301631 301629 2026-07-11T09:43:52Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Abtirsiin */ 301631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay inta badan deggen tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]], iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhda afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka tirsan yahay silsiladdan abtirsiineed: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Aw Raamey ******* Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Sida ku xusan hiddaha abtirsiinta ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa ka farcama laba laamood oo waaweyn oo kala ah '''Jiwid''' iyo '''Hanle''', kuwaas oo sii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa lagu sheegaa inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid Suudaan oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} ldx6i6su1q2u3jy6pwi9k7f3dpenrht 301632 301631 2026-07-11T09:45:32Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Abtirsiin */ 301632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Aar]] (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay inta badan deggen tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]], iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhda afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka tirsan yahay silsiladdan abtirsiineed: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** [[Muuse]] ****** Aw Raamey ******* Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Sida ku xusan hiddaha abtirsiinta ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa ka farcama laba laamood oo waaweyn oo kala ah '''Jiwid''' iyo '''Hanle''', kuwaas oo sii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa lagu sheegaa inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid Suudaan oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} qgizc6xx82f1ai2wpf4bo5myhedy0sc 301633 301632 2026-07-11T09:49:28Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* */ 301633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = Aar (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay inta badan deggen tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]], iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhda afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka tirsan yahay silsiladdan abtirsiineed: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** [[Muuse]] ****** Aw Raamey ******* Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Sida ku xusan hiddaha abtirsiinta ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa ka farcama laba laamood oo waaweyn oo kala ah '''Jiwid''' iyo '''Hanle''', kuwaas oo sii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa lagu sheegaa inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid Suudaan oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad loo yaqaan "Rerebere".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} 62acw767nw15rjexeiud1qfa9m6mfht 301634 301633 2026-07-11T09:51:07Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Taariikh */ 301634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = Aar (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay inta badan deggen tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]], iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhda afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka tirsan yahay silsiladdan abtirsiineed: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** [[Muuse]] ****** Aw Raamey ******* Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Sida ku xusan hiddaha abtirsiinta ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa ka farcama laba laamood oo waaweyn oo kala ah '''Jiwid''' iyo '''Hanle''', kuwaas oo sii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa lagu sheegaa inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid Suudaan oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad loo yaqaan aan Af-Soomaali aheyn balse si cad aan loo kala saarin ".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} 80muzbf2jar8v5kspsiaa5ngewp9lfq 301635 301634 2026-07-11T09:51:23Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 301635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = Aar (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay inta badan deggen tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]], iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhda afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka tirsan yahay silsiladdan abtirsiineed: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Aw Raamey ******* Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Sida ku xusan hiddaha abtirsiinta ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa ka farcama laba laamood oo waaweyn oo kala ah '''Jiwid''' iyo '''Hanle''', kuwaas oo sii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa lagu sheegaa inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid Suudaan oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad loo yaqaan aan Af-Soomaali aheyn balse si cad aan loo kala saarin ".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} 724j79pdjd3fk18fordf8vqbh481yoe 301640 301635 2026-07-11T09:57:55Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 301640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = Aar (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay inta badan deggen tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]], iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhda afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka tirsan yahay silsiladdan abtirsiineed: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Aw Raamey ******* Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Sida ku xusan hiddaha abtirsiinta ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa ka farcama laba laamood oo waaweyn oo kala ah '''Jiwid''' iyo '''Hanle''', kuwaas oo sii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa lagu sheegaa inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid Suudaan oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad aan Af-Soomaali aheyn balse si cad aan loo kala saarin ".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo Haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} ghj7fzlvvezolmot22yai9qr59f6euq 301645 301640 2026-07-11T10:02:58Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Dhaqanka */ 301645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = Aar (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay inta badan deggen tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]], iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhda afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka tirsan yahay silsiladdan abtirsiineed: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Aw Raamey ******* Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Sida ku xusan hiddaha abtirsiinta ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa ka farcama laba laamood oo waaweyn oo kala ah '''Jiwid''' iyo '''Hanle''', kuwaas oo sii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa lagu sheegaa inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid Suudaan oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad aan Af-Soomaali aheyn balse si cad aan loo kala saarin ".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} * {{Cite web |title=The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition) |publisher=Scholarly Publications |url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/14007/ }} * Ahmed Yusuf Farah, [[United Nations Development Programme]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070121062456/http://www.bodoy.org/files/Shabelle_History.pdf ''Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along The Webi Shabelle River In Gode Zone Of The Ethiopian Somali National Regional State'' (1995)] (PDF) * {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |year=1975 |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa }} 9c3buk8u33maxq9zdt5sjjga9g0x360 301651 301645 2026-07-11T10:11:23Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Tixraacyo */ 301651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = Aar (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay inta badan deggen tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]], iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhda afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka tirsan yahay silsiladdan abtirsiineed: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Aw Raamey ******* Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Sida ku xusan hiddaha abtirsiinta ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa ka farcama laba laamood oo waaweyn oo kala ah '''Jiwid''' iyo '''Hanle''', kuwaas oo sii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa lagu sheegaa inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka Suudaan ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid Suudaan oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin Suudaani ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad aan Af-Soomaali aheyn balse si cad aan loo kala saarin ".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} i4n79agxupkwowx84xhzyba5fb9vg6e 301654 301651 2026-07-11T10:15:53Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Taariikh */ 301654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = Aar (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay inta badan deggen tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]], iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhda afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka tirsan yahay silsiladdan abtirsiineed: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Aw Raamey ******* Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Sida ku xusan hiddaha abtirsiinta ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa ka farcama laba laamood oo waaweyn oo kala ah '''Jiwid''' iyo '''Hanle''', kuwaas oo sii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa lagu sheegaa inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka [[Suudaan]] ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid [[Suudaan]] oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin [[Suudaan]]ese ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad aan [[Af-Soomaali]] aheyn balse si cad aan loo kala saarin ".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} 9x1scq7ptg2z39x8w1mecydxexh7ltr 301660 301654 2026-07-11T10:23:30Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 301660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = Aar (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay inta badan deggen tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]], iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhda afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka tirsan yahay silsiladdan abtirsiineed: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Aw Raamey ******* Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Sida ku xusan hiddaha abtirsiinta ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa ka farcama laba laamood oo waaweyn oo kala ah '''Jiwid''' iyo '''Hanle''', kuwaas oo sii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha Aarsame, waxa ay sheegaan inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka [[Suudaan]] ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid [[Suudaan]] oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin [[Suudaan]]ese ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad aan [[Af-Soomaali]] aheyn, balse si cad aan loo kala saarin ".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} nf7jvvdg4ynvr6yw440utgow8up2866 301661 301660 2026-07-11T10:24:39Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 301661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = Aar (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay inta badan deggen tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]], iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhda afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka tirsan yahay silsiladdan abtirsiineed: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Aw Raamey ******* Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Sida ku xusan hiddaha abtirsiinta ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa ka farcama laba laamood oo waaweyn oo kala ah '''Jiwid''' iyo '''Hanle''', kuwaas oo sii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxa ay sheegaan inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka [[Suudaan]] ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid [[Suudaan]] oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin [[Suudaan]]ese ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad aan [[Af-Soomaali]] aheyn, balse si cad aan loo kala saarin ".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} lo9kuop5ztv8444u45cg9cq9xen9cou 301695 301661 2026-07-11T11:25:28Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Taariikh */ 301695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = Aar (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay inta badan deggen tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]], iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhda afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka tirsan yahay silsiladdan abtirsiineed: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Aw Raamey ******* Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Sida ku xusan hiddaha abtirsiinta ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa ka farcama laba laamood oo waaweyn oo kala ah '''Jiwid''' iyo '''Hanle''', kuwaas oo sii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxa ay sheegaan inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka [[Suudaan]] ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid [[Suudaan]] oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin [[Suudaan]]i ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad aan [[Af-Soomaali]] aheyn, balse si cad aan loo kala saarin ".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} aebzahbj48pwq51ui1kz8hr7kxhix45 301699 301695 2026-07-11T11:31:48Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* */ 301699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = Aar (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]] (Hadda), Hore luuqad kale oo dabar go'day | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay inta badan deggen tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]], iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhda afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka tirsan yahay silsiladdan abtirsiineed: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Aw Raamey ******* Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Sida ku xusan hiddaha abtirsiinta ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa ka farcama laba laamood oo waaweyn oo kala ah '''Jiwid''' iyo '''Hanle''', kuwaas oo sii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxa ay sheegaan inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka [[Suudaan]] ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid [[Suudaan]] oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin [[Suudaan]]i ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad aan [[Af-Soomaali]] aheyn, balse si cad aan loo kala saarin ".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} k2x8o8ceifn97ouxuz0qcx2sylcoqv5 301703 301699 2026-07-11T11:35:52Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* */ 301703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = Aar (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]]; taariikh ahaan waxaa la sheegaa inay jirtay luqad kale oo dabar go'day | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay inta badan deggen tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]], iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhda afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka tirsan yahay silsiladdan abtirsiineed: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Aw Raamey ******* Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Sida ku xusan hiddaha abtirsiinta ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa ka farcama laba laamood oo waaweyn oo kala ah '''Jiwid''' iyo '''Hanle''', kuwaas oo sii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxa ay sheegaan inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka [[Suudaan]] ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid [[Suudaan]] oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin [[Suudaan]]i ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad aan [[Af-Soomaali]] aheyn, balse si cad aan loo kala saarin ".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo haweenka * Culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ho9fv1gcm6a3h80bo2lnahnxdk0yg9c 301706 301703 2026-07-11T11:39:20Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Dhaqanka */ 301706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = Aar (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]]; taariikh ahaan waxaa la sheegaa inay jirtay luqad kale oo dabar go'day | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay inta badan deggen tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]], iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhda afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka tirsan yahay silsiladdan abtirsiineed: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Aw Raamey ******* Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Sida ku xusan hiddaha abtirsiinta ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa ka farcama laba laamood oo waaweyn oo kala ah '''Jiwid''' iyo '''Hanle''', kuwaas oo sii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxa ay sheegaan inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka [[Suudaan]] ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid [[Suudaan]] oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin [[Suudaan]]i ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad aan [[Af-Soomaali]] aheyn, balse si cad aan loo kala saarin ".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida: Lo'da, Ariga iyo Idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada kale ee yaryar. [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo nolosha bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Sida ku xusan dhaqanka iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa ka mid ah qiyamka iyo dhaqamada lagu garto: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo haweenka * Xushmeynta culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} 5uiwb9br1n4hyfgbu0arws87nki096t 301708 301706 2026-07-11T11:40:51Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Dhaqaalaha */ 301708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = Aar (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]]; taariikh ahaan waxaa la sheegaa inay jirtay luqad kale oo dabar go'day | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay inta badan deggen tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]], iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhda afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka tirsan yahay silsiladdan abtirsiineed: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Aw Raamey ******* Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Sida ku xusan hiddaha abtirsiinta ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa ka farcama laba laamood oo waaweyn oo kala ah '''Jiwid''' iyo '''Hanle''', kuwaas oo sii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxa ay sheegaan inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka [[Suudaan]] ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid [[Suudaan]] oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin [[Suudaan]]i ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad aan [[Af-Soomaali]] aheyn, balse si cad aan loo kala saarin ".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida lo'da, ariga iyo idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada yaryar Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata beeraha iyo hab-nololeedka bulshada. ==Diinta== Aarsame waa bulsho Muslimiim ah oo ku dhaqanta diinta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo culimada iyo odayaasha dhaqanku ay ka wada shaqeeyaan ilaalinta qiyamka [[Islaam]]ka iyo dhaqanka. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Sida ku xusan dhaqanka iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa ka mid ah qiyamka iyo dhaqamada lagu garto: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo haweenka * Xushmeynta culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} 8v1dhowd2z2s7nk24hpx6mgpztz382o 301710 301708 2026-07-11T11:42:09Z ABDIQANI MUSE AYUB 46379 /* Diinta */ 301710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Aarsame<br>{{native_name|ar|آرسامي}} {{native_name|en|Arsame}} | image = | caption = | ethnicity = [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = Aar (Aarsame) | parent_tribe = Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow) | branches = * '''Jiwid''' * '''Hanle''' | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]]ka ([[Sunni]]ga) | language = [[Af-Soomaali]]; taariikh ahaan waxaa la sheegaa inay jirtay luqad kale oo dabar go'day | type = Beel Soomaaliyeed | location = [[File:Somali State original flag.jpg|25px]] [[Soomaali Galbeed]] <br> {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]] | demonym = Aarsame, آرسامي }} '''Aarsame''' ([[Af-Ingiriis]]: '''Arsame''', [[Af-Carabi]]: '''آرسامي''') waa beel Soomaaliyeed. Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa farac ka tirsan Reer Muuse, kuwaas oo ka tirsan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow). Beesha Aarsame waxay inta badan deggen tahay hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Qallaafo]] iyo deegaannada ku xeeran ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Waxa kale oo xubno ka tirsan beesha laga helaa [[Soomaaliya]], gaar ahaan gobollada [[Hiiraan]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe]], [[Shabeellaha Hoose]], magaalada [[Muqdisho]], iyo sidoo kale qaybo ka mid ah [[Kiinya]]. ==Magaca== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, magaca '''Aarsame''' wuxuu ka yimid naanaystii ama magac kale oo loo yaqaanay awoowe '''Aar Aw-Raamey''', oo ah awoowaha guud ee ay beeshu ku abtirsato. Magacan ayaa noqday magaca lagu aqoonsado faraca, isagoo sii xafiday magaca awoowaha sida ay sheegaan taariikhaha afka lagu kala gudbiyo. ==Abtirsiin== Sida ku xusan abtirsiinta lagu kala gudbiyo taariikhda afka ('''Oral history'''), Aarsame wuxuu ka tirsan yahay silsiladdan abtirsiineed: {{Tree list}} * Axmad ** Geedoow *** Aaroow **** Gabiible ***** Muuse ****** Aw Raamey ******* Aar (Aarsame) {{Tree list/end}} Sida ku xusan hiddaha abtirsiinta ee beesha, Aarsame waxaa ka farcama laba laamood oo waaweyn oo kala ah '''Jiwid''' iyo '''Hanle''', kuwaas oo sii kala baxa laamo hoose. ==Taariikh== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxa ay sheegaan inay asal ahaan ka soo haajireen dhulka [[Suudaan]] ka hor intii aysan degin hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], gaar ahaan deegaannada ku teedsan [[Qallaafo]] ee [[Soomaali Galbeed]]. Qoraallo cilmiyeed ayaa sidoo kale xusay jiritaanka bulshooyin asal ahaan ka yimid [[Suudaan]] oo ku noolaa hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ee agagaarka [[Godeey]] (Gode). Lionel M. Bender wuxuu qoray in D. W. McClure, Sr. uu sheegay joogitaanka muhaajiriin [[Suudaan]]i ah oo halkaas degganaa, kuwaas oo lagu sheegay inay ku hadli jireen luqad aan [[Af-Soomaali]] aheyn, balse si cad aan loo kala saarin ".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. Lionel |title=The Ethiopian Nilo-Saharans |publisher=Artistic Printers |location=Addis Ababa |year=1975 }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay muddo dheer degganaayeen hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]], halkaas oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen beerashada iyo dhaqashada xoolaha. Taariikhda afka ee beesha ayaa sidoo kale sheegaysa in Aarsame ay lahaayeen nidaam hoggaan dhaqameed oo maamuli jiray arrimaha bulshada, xallinta khilaafaadka, nabad ilaalinta iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Sida ay sheegaan xubnaha beesha, maanta ma jiro hoggaan dhaqameed oo ay si wadajir ah ugu mideysan yihiin. Sida ku xusan hiddaha iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waxay ka qayb qaadan jireen nidaamyadii dhaqameed iyo maamul ee ka jiray deegaannada ay degganaayeen. ==Deegaanka== Sida ku cad daraasaddii Ahmed Yusuf Farah (1995), deegaanka Bur Adde ee Gobolka Gode waxaa deggan Reer Geedoow (Rer Gedow), Cali-Maad (Ali Mad) iyo beelo kale.<ref>{{Cite report |last=Farah |first=Ahmed Yusuf |title=Permanent Agricultural Settlements Along the Webi Shabelle River in Gode Zone of the Ethiopian Somali National Regional State |year=1995 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref> Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, deegaannada dhaqanka ee Aarsame waxay ku yaallaan Bur Cadde (Bur Adde), waxaana ka mid ah: * Kurtumaaleey * Balada-Aamin * Arjac * Buula-Malis * Yaasiin-Laawe * Isma-Rabo * Dhuun-Gal * Maroodiley ==Dhaqaalaha== Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, dhaqaalaha Aarsame wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay: * Beerashada dalagyada kala duwan * Dhaqashada xoolaha sida lo'da, ariga iyo idaha * Ganacsiga la xiriira wax-soo-saarka beeraha iyo xoolaha * Ganacsiyada yaryar Sida ku xusan taariikhda afka ee beesha, [[Webiga Shabeelle]] ayaa door weyn ka qaata beeraha iyo hab-nololeedka bulshada. ==Diinta== Sida ku xusan dhaqanka iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, Aarsame waa bulsho ku dhaqanta [[Islaam]]ka, gaar ahaan mad-habka [[Sunni]]ga. Diintu waxay door muhiim ah ku leedahay nolosha bulshada, iyadoo qayb ka ah qiyamka iyo dhaqanka ay bulshadu ku dhaqanto. <ref>Braukämper, Ulrich (2003): ''Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Collected Essays'', ''Göttinger Studien zur Ethnologie'' 9, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5671-7}} (p. 15, 137)</ref> ==Dhaqanka== Sida ku xusan dhaqanka iyo taariikhda afka ee beesha, dhaqanka Aarsame wuxuu ku dhisan yahay qiyamka Soomaaliyeed iyo mabaadi'da [[Islaam]]ka. Waxaa ka mid ah qiyamka iyo dhaqamada lagu garto: * Ixtiraamka waayeelka iyo haweenka * Xushmeynta culimada * Marti-soorka * Iskaashiga bulshada * Wada-tashiga * Xallinta khilaafaadka * Ilaalinta nabadda * Deris wanaagga ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Soomaaliya]] * [[Soomaali Galbeed]] * [[Soomaalida]] * [[Af-Soomaali]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Qallaafo]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} iwwsrpyse5sv5ad50fh8rgf8yvi6vui 3 48848 301539 2026-07-10T23:12:10Z Icodense 23631 /* Mass creations */ qayb cusub 301539 wikitext text/x-wiki == Mass creations == Hi, could you please stop creating articles in dozens of languages ​​that you don't speak yourself? Thanks. [[User:Icodense|Icodense]] ([[User talk:Icodense|wadahadal]]) 23:12, 10 Luuliyo 2026 (UTC) m7i94onul1khq5cv3p4wigq15uwrofm 0 48849 301540 2026-07-10T23:12:28Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 WORK IN PROCESS! SHOULD BE DONE IN 5-10 MINS. SORRY ABOUT THE DELAY raalli,raalli, 301540 wikitext text/x-wiki Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah Degmada Collin, oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. 02k4bir8791yz8cu9mi4xbhbetoe89b 301541 301540 2026-07-10T23:13:16Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301541 wikitext text/x-wiki Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah Degmada Collin, oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|MAP]] pwkhxeqisbfnbp1989i3gkeqjgm6ioz 301542 301541 2026-07-10T23:15:58Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301542 wikitext text/x-wiki ''''',Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah Degmada Collin, oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|MAP]] sazw0x48yqmrhd252db4506kdov0y42 301543 301542 2026-07-10T23:16:17Z NDG 42075 Requesting deletion 301543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|No useful content}}''''',Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah Degmada Collin, oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|MAP]] ezrf4rzpdzooxdmgbxoclc6bnawkaxw 301544 301543 2026-07-11T00:59:56Z Superpes15 26071 +Actually this could be notable (see on other projects) - surely it's a stub, but I think a deletion is not uncontroversial, if made by GS 301544 wikitext text/x-wiki ''''',Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah Degmada Collin, oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|MAP]] kdyxznh0qq4i17y7583mevt30xe6u8n 301545 301544 2026-07-11T01:08:16Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301545 wikitext text/x-wiki ''''',Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah Degmada Collin, oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo Dimuqraadiyiintu ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020 [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|MAP]] s312qgwo5fvdo662mmb66nbcuabqijv 301546 301545 2026-07-11T01:08:40Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301546 wikitext text/x-wiki ''''',Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah Collin County, oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo Dimuqraadiyiintu ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020 [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|MAP]] dcke1r8l7qejdy709ag4rrp9cctgz3e 301547 301546 2026-07-11T01:09:26Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301547 wikitext text/x-wiki ''''',Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo Dimuqraadiyiintu ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020. [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|MAP]] slk0zfiwnxcyk8cjbpt1wz2m4d8esfy 301548 301547 2026-07-11T01:11:35Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301548 wikitext text/x-wiki ''''',Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo [[:en:Dimuqraadiyiintu|Dimuqraadiyiintu]] ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020. [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|MAP]] c7suqhwmjp5dlbq14drhvi2m1lrwvqi 301549 301548 2026-07-11T01:11:44Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301549 wikitext text/x-wiki ''''',Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo Dimuqraadiyiintu ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020. [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|MAP]] slk0zfiwnxcyk8cjbpt1wz2m4d8esfy 301550 301549 2026-07-11T01:11:56Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301550 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo Dimuqraadiyiintu ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020. [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|MAP]] ncoz2ct09rvagplflhead41hetk7j8z 301551 301550 2026-07-11T01:13:30Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301551 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo Dimuqraadiyiintu ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020. [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|MAP]] == Websites == [https://www.votetexas.gov/ | VoteTexas.gov]''' '''https://www.vote411.org/texas ==Tixraac== c8ga6u2obix8jt5o81eztn73htambso 301552 301551 2026-07-11T01:18:21Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 goobta codbixinta 301552 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo Dimuqraadiyiintu ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020. [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|goobta codbixinta ]] == Websites == [https://www.votetexas.gov/ | VoteTexas.gov]''' '''https://www.vote411.org/texas ==Tixraac== fy5dslmra5gyo6xosj68ppyqltdlhiu 301553 301552 2026-07-11T01:21:05Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 /* Websites */ 301553 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo Dimuqraadiyiintu ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020. [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|goobta codbixinta ]] == Xogta Codbixiyaasha == [https://www.votetexas.gov/ | VoteTexas.gov]''' '''https://www.vote411.org/texas ==Tixraac== l4ept1qg8ygxikzbv4ptg66rw3szl5p 301554 301553 2026-07-11T01:22:57Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301554 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo Dimuqraadiyiintu ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.txdemocrats.org/contact/ |publisher=Texas Democratic Party |title=Contact |year=2012 |access-date=2012-06-04}}</ref> [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|goobta codbixinta ]] == Xogta Codbixiyaasha == [https://www.votetexas.gov/ | VoteTexas.gov]''' '''https://www.vote411.org/texas ==Tixraac== 8l5mp72zw7pdl6h1jolaemts179w5ob 301555 301554 2026-07-11T01:24:23Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301555 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo Dimuqraadiyiintu ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.txdemocrats.org/contact/ |publisher=Texas Democratic Party |title=Contact |year=2012 |access-date=2012-06-04}}</ref> [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|Codbixinta Goobta ]] == Xogta Codbixiyaasha == [https://www.votetexas.gov/ | VoteTexas.gov]''' '''https://www.vote411.org/texas ==Tixraac== 5hdxmh9jvdqfabczkxkzr7ry67u4xhe 301556 301555 2026-07-11T01:25:02Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301556 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo Dimuqraadiyiintu ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.txdemocrats.org/contact/ |publisher=Texas Democratic Party |title=Contact |year=2012 |access-date=2012-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Texas House of Representatives District 66|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Texas_House_of_Representatives_District_66|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Ballotpedia|language=en}}</ref> [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|Codbixinta Goobta ]] == Xogta Codbixiyaasha == [https://www.votetexas.gov/ | VoteTexas.gov]''' '''https://www.vote411.org/texas ==Tixraac== 8s75c6vq5k8plxa96m2924maj3y946w 301557 301556 2026-07-11T01:26:11Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301557 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo Dimuqraadiyiintu ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Texas House of Representatives District 66|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Texas_House_of_Representatives_District_66|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Ballotpedia|language=en}}</ref> [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|Codbixinta Goobta ]] == Xogta Codbixiyaasha == [https://www.votetexas.gov/ | VoteTexas.gov]''' '''https://www.vote411.org/texas ==Tixraac== 9gqpp0oxckds2l4j8ijfwnj2qzxhd0a 301558 301557 2026-07-11T01:28:15Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301558 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo Dimuqraadiyiintu ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Texas House of Representatives District 66|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Texas_House_of_Representatives_District_66|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Ballotpedia|language=en}}</ref>>{{Cite web |title=Election Results |url=https://www.collincountytx.gov:443/elections/election_results/Pages/result_archive.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025164834/https://www.collincountytx.gov/elections/election_results/Pages/result_archive.aspx |archive-date=2021-10-25 |access-date=2021-06-16 |website=www.collincountytx.gov |language=en}}</ref> [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|Codbixinta Goobta ]] == Xogta Codbixiyaasha == [https://www.votetexas.gov/ | VoteTexas.gov]''' '''https://www.vote411.org/texas ==Tixraac== 5ecpky0i2etfnjlv6lol05r99bhmuas 301559 301558 2026-07-11T01:28:40Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301559 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo Dimuqraadiyiintu ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Texas House of Representatives District 66|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Texas_House_of_Representatives_District_66|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Ballotpedia|language=en}}</ref> [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|Codbixinta Goobta ]] == Xogta Codbixiyaasha == [https://www.votetexas.gov/ | VoteTexas.gov]''' '''https://www.vote411.org/texas ==Tixraac== <references /> >{{Cite web|title=Election Results|url=https://www.collincountytx.gov:443/elections/election_results/Pages/result_archive.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025164834/https://www.collincountytx.gov/elections/election_results/Pages/result_archive.aspx|archive-date=2021-10-25|access-date=2021-06-16|website=www.collincountytx.gov|language=en}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki> nlxc3kq2sl3tqkuv683g6wl8mdj4ir1 301560 301559 2026-07-11T01:29:21Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 /* Xogta Codbixiyaasha */ 301560 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo Dimuqraadiyiintu ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Texas House of Representatives District 66|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Texas_House_of_Representatives_District_66|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Ballotpedia|language=en}}</ref> [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|Codbixinta Goobta ]] == Xogta Codbixiyaasha == [https://www.votetexas.gov/ '''VoteTexas.gov'''] '''https://www.vote411.org/texas ==Tixraac== <references /> >{{Cite web|title=Election Results|url=https://www.collincountytx.gov:443/elections/election_results/Pages/result_archive.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025164834/https://www.collincountytx.gov/elections/election_results/Pages/result_archive.aspx|archive-date=2021-10-25|access-date=2021-06-16|website=www.collincountytx.gov|language=en}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki> 2w61vi8ybam7v5qj2tkxlz66oe7t3yv 301561 301560 2026-07-11T01:29:39Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 /* Xogta Codbixiyaasha */ 301561 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo Dimuqraadiyiintu ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Texas House of Representatives District 66|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Texas_House_of_Representatives_District_66|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Ballotpedia|language=en}}</ref> [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|Codbixinta Goobta ]] == Xogta Codbixiyaasha == [https://www.votetexas.gov/ '''VoteTexas.gov'''] '''[https://www.vote411.org/texas vote411.org/texas]''' ==Tixraac== <references /> >{{Cite web|title=Election Results|url=https://www.collincountytx.gov:443/elections/election_results/Pages/result_archive.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025164834/https://www.collincountytx.gov/elections/election_results/Pages/result_archive.aspx|archive-date=2021-10-25|access-date=2021-06-16|website=www.collincountytx.gov|language=en}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki> 0yezi3ek47py49gjyfx6jjz9v9er4b5 301562 301561 2026-07-11T01:44:23Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301562 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Texas's 66th House of Representatives district,''''' Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada Texas waxay matashaa qayb ka mid ah [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah Plano iyo Dallas. Collin County sanadkii 1993, degmada 66 waxay noqotay xarun Jamhuuri ah oo ku taal duleedka magaalada; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhawaanahan, degmadu waxay noqotay mid sii kordheysa oo tartan ah, iyadoo Dimuqraadiyiintu ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba 1 dhibic ka dib markii ay ka leexdeen degmada labadaba 2018 iyo 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Texas House of Representatives District 66|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Texas_House_of_Representatives_District_66|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Ballotpedia|language=en}}</ref> [[File:TxHouse2022District66.svg|thumb|Khariidada ee Degmada 66aad ee Aqalka Wakiillada ee Texas ]] == Xogta Codbixiyaasha == [https://www.votetexas.gov/ '''VoteTexas.gov'''] '''[https://www.vote411.org/texas vote411.org/texas]''' ==Tixraac== <references /> >{{Cite web|title=Election Results|url=https://www.collincountytx.gov:443/elections/election_results/Pages/result_archive.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025164834/https://www.collincountytx.gov/elections/election_results/Pages/result_archive.aspx|archive-date=2021-10-25|access-date=2021-06-16|website=www.collincountytx.gov|language=en}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki> 36ai0d4j7acdgkjm3eaa43mhgb62wz0 0 48850 301563 2026-07-11T02:35:03Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 Samee turjumidda bogga "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358074957|Celina, Texas]]" 301563 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Celina, Texas</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[City]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Celina</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Coordinates: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:13}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Country | class="infobox-data" |United States |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |State | class="infobox-data" |[[Texas]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Collin, Denton |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Established | class="infobox-data" |1876 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |October 1879 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Incorporated | class="infobox-data" |1907 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Named after | class="infobox-data" |Celina, Tennessee |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Total</div> | class="infobox-data" |48.216&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi (124.879&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Land | class="infobox-data" |47.725&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi (123.607&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Water | class="infobox-data" |0.492&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi (1.273&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><ref name="gnis" /></div> | class="infobox-data" |673&nbsp;ft (205&nbsp;m) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span>(2020)</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Total</div> | class="infobox-data" |16,739 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Estimate&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2025)</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |64,427 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Rank | class="infobox-data" |US: 930th<br /><br />TX: 81st |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Density | class="infobox-data" |891/sq&nbsp;mi (343.9/km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Waqtiga aaga|Time zone]] | class="infobox-data" |UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC–5 (CDT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |ZIP Code | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">75009</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Qorshaha lambarrada taleefanka|Area codes]] | class="infobox-data" |214, 469, 972, 945 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |FIPS code | class="infobox-data" |48-13684 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |GNIS feature ID | class="infobox-data" |2409421 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sales tax | class="infobox-data" |8.25% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ celina-tx.gov]</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas ee Mareykanka . Celina waa qayb ka mid ah magaalada Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex . Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba.[2] [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] mor6gmw9gzqrcww9mwmw6kon9f3bgr6 301564 301563 2026-07-11T02:37:13Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301564 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Celina, Texas</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[City]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Celina</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Coordinates: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:13}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Country | class="infobox-data" |United States |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |State | class="infobox-data" |[[Texas]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Collin, Denton |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Established | class="infobox-data" |1876 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |October 1879 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Incorporated | class="infobox-data" |1907 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Named after | class="infobox-data" |Celina, Tennessee |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Total</div> | class="infobox-data" |48.216&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi (124.879&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Land | class="infobox-data" |47.725&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi (123.607&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Water | class="infobox-data" |0.492&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi (1.273&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><ref name="gnis" /></div> | class="infobox-data" |673&nbsp;ft (205&nbsp;m) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span>(2020)</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Total</div> | class="infobox-data" |16,739 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Estimate&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2025)</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |64,427 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Rank | class="infobox-data" |US: 930th<br /><br />TX: 81st |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Density | class="infobox-data" |891/sq&nbsp;mi (343.9/km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Waqtiga aaga|Time zone]] | class="infobox-data" |UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC–5 (CDT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |ZIP Code | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">75009</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Qorshaha lambarrada taleefanka|Area codes]] | class="infobox-data" |214, 469, 972, 945 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |FIPS code | class="infobox-data" |48-13684 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |GNIS feature ID | class="infobox-data" |2409421 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sales tax | class="infobox-data" |8.25% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ celina-tx.gov]</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas ee Mareykanka . Celina waa qayb ka mid ah magaalada Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex . Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba.[2] [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] mkbrupj3uqmvl8n47vfvpokz8yq0vb9 301565 301564 2026-07-11T02:38:03Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301565 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Celina, Texas</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[City]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Celina</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Coordinates: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:13}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Country | class="infobox-data" |United States |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |State | class="infobox-data" |[[Texas]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Collin, Denton |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Established | class="infobox-data" |1876 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |October 1879 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Incorporated | class="infobox-data" |1907 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Named after | class="infobox-data" |Celina, Tennessee |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Total</div> | class="infobox-data" |48.216&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi (124.879&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Land | class="infobox-data" |47.725&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi (123.607&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Water | class="infobox-data" |0.492&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi (1.273&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><ref name="gnis" /></div> | class="infobox-data" |673&nbsp;ft (205&nbsp;m) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span>(2020)</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Total</div> | class="infobox-data" |16,739 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Estimate&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2025)</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |64,427 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Rank | class="infobox-data" |US: 930th<br /><br />TX: 81st |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Density | class="infobox-data" |891/sq&nbsp;mi (343.9/km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Waqtiga aaga|Time zone]] | class="infobox-data" |UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC–5 (CDT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |ZIP Code | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">75009</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Qorshaha lambarrada taleefanka|Area codes]] | class="infobox-data" |214, 469, 972, 945 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |FIPS code | class="infobox-data" |48-13684 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |GNIS feature ID | class="infobox-data" |2409421 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sales tax | class="infobox-data" |8.25% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ celina-tx.gov]</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas ee Mareykanka . Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba.[2] [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] l80h1wpu187eupkd8lztibuvaj7cr57 301566 301565 2026-07-11T02:38:34Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301566 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Celina, Texas</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[City]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Celina</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Coordinates: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:13}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Country | class="infobox-data" |United States |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |State | class="infobox-data" |[[Texas]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Collin, Denton |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Established | class="infobox-data" |1876 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |October 1879 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Incorporated | class="infobox-data" |1907 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Named after | class="infobox-data" |Celina, Tennessee |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Total</div> | class="infobox-data" |48.216&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi (124.879&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Land | class="infobox-data" |47.725&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi (123.607&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Water | class="infobox-data" |0.492&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi (1.273&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><ref name="gnis" /></div> | class="infobox-data" |673&nbsp;ft (205&nbsp;m) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span>(2020)</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Total</div> | class="infobox-data" |16,739 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Estimate&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2025)</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |64,427 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Rank | class="infobox-data" |US: 930th<br /><br />TX: 81st |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Density | class="infobox-data" |891/sq&nbsp;mi (343.9/km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Waqtiga aaga|Time zone]] | class="infobox-data" |UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC–5 (CDT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |ZIP Code | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">75009</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Qorshaha lambarrada taleefanka|Area codes]] | class="infobox-data" |214, 469, 972, 945 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |FIPS code | class="infobox-data" |48-13684 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |GNIS feature ID | class="infobox-data" |2409421 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sales tax | class="infobox-data" |8.25% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ celina-tx.gov]</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba.[2] [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 6wb0i5i4nf35pjhg6ly5nba701v9h1u 301567 301566 2026-07-11T02:38:59Z Texan North Public Work Translators 214 46409 301567 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Celina, Texas</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[City]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Celina</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Coordinates: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:13}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Country | class="infobox-data" |United States |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |State | class="infobox-data" |[[Texas]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Collin, Denton |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Established | class="infobox-data" |1876 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Founded | class="infobox-data" |October 1879 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Incorporated | class="infobox-data" |1907 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Named after | class="infobox-data" |Celina, Tennessee |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Total</div> | class="infobox-data" |48.216&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi (124.879&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Land | class="infobox-data" |47.725&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi (123.607&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Water | class="infobox-data" |0.492&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi (1.273&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><ref name="gnis" /></div> | class="infobox-data" |673&nbsp;ft (205&nbsp;m) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span>(2020)</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Total</div> | class="infobox-data" |16,739 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Estimate&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2025)</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |64,427 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Rank | class="infobox-data" |US: 930th<br /><br />TX: 81st |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Density | class="infobox-data" |891/sq&nbsp;mi (343.9/km<sup>2</sup>) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Waqtiga aaga|Time zone]] | class="infobox-data" |UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC–5 (CDT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |ZIP Code | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">75009</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Qorshaha lambarrada taleefanka|Area codes]] | class="infobox-data" |214, 469, 972, 945 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |FIPS code | class="infobox-data" |48-13684 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |GNIS feature ID | class="infobox-data" |2409421 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sales tax | class="infobox-data" |8.25% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ celina-tx.gov]</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba. [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1n3yvr1xrd0l2fyiqpw1eu63okrs833 301569 301567 2026-07-11T05:09:37Z Armadillo Jack 46447 Header 301569 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Celina, Texas [[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Celina</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Coordinates: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:13}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Collin, Denton |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Area |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Elevation <ref name="gnis" /> | class="infobox-data" |673&nbsp;ft (205&nbsp;m) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Population (2020) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Total</div> | class="infobox-data" |16,739 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">Estimate&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2025)</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |64,427 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Waqtiga aaga|Time zone]] | class="infobox-data" |UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC–5 (CDT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |ZIP Code | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">75009</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Qorshaha lambarrada taleefanka|Area codes]] | class="infobox-data" |214, 469, 972, 945 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sales tax | class="infobox-data" |8.25% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ celina-tx.gov]</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba. [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] me2pkmmauyqefd4bwy8f2w90x08pbf7 301570 301569 2026-07-11T05:13:33Z Armadillo Jack 46447 301570 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Celina, Texas [[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Celina</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Coordinates: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:13}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator>[[Degmada Baydhabo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Collin, Denton |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Area |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Elevation <ref name="gnis" /> | class="infobox-data" |673&nbsp;ft (205&nbsp;m) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Population (2020) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Total</div> | class="infobox-data" |16,739 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">Estimate&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2025)</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |64,427 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Waqtiga aaga|Time zone]] | class="infobox-data" |UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC–5 (CDT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |ZIP Code | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">75009</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Qorshaha lambarrada taleefanka|Area codes]] | class="infobox-data" |214, 469, 972, 945 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sales tax | class="infobox-data" |8.25% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ celina-tx.gov]</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba. [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t20vm5fujnwmnwktkmqxr46eq8fs1ow 301571 301570 2026-07-11T05:15:43Z Armadillo Jack 46447 301571 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Celina, Texas [[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Celina</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Coordinates: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:13}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator>[[Degmada Baydhabo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Collin, Denton |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Area |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Elevation <ref name="gnis" /> | class="infobox-data" |673&nbsp;ft (205&nbsp;m) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Population (2020) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Total</div> | class="infobox-data" |16,739 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">Estimate&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2025)</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |64,427 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aagga waqtiga | class="infobox-data" |UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC–5 (CDT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |ZIP Code | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">75009</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Telephone numbering plan|Koodhka goobta]] | class="infobox-data" |214, 469, 972, 945 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sales tax | class="infobox-data" |8.25% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ celina-tx.gov]</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba. [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] j8up7wjixp3xiy3xl0bvac8t3ot03d4 301572 301571 2026-07-11T05:17:19Z Armadillo Jack 46447 301572 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Celina, Texas [[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Celina</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Coordinates: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:13}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator>[[Degmada Baydhabo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Collin, Denton |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Area |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Elevation <ref name="gnis" /> | class="infobox-data" |673&nbsp;ft (205&nbsp;m) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |'''Dadka''' (2020) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;'''&#x20;Wadarta'''</div> | class="infobox-data" |16,739 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">Estimate&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2025)</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |64,427 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aagga waqtiga | class="infobox-data" |UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC–5 (CDT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |ZIP Code | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">75009</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Telephone numbering plan|Koodhka goobta]] | class="infobox-data" |214, 469, 972, 945 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sales tax | class="infobox-data" |8.25% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ celina-tx.gov]</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba. [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ixwddjyro68k0c3gm8b897bsejxcz8d 301573 301572 2026-07-11T05:18:25Z Armadillo Jack 46447 301573 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Celina, Texas [[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Celina</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Coordinates: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:13}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator>[[Degmada Baydhabo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Collin, Denton |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |magaalo |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Elevation <ref name="gnis" /> | class="infobox-data" |673&nbsp;ft (205&nbsp;m) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |'''Dadka''' (2020) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;'''&#x20;Wadarta'''</div> | class="infobox-data" |16,739 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">Estimate&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2025)</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |64,427 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aagga waqtiga | class="infobox-data" |UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC–5 (CDT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |ZIP Code | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">75009</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Telephone numbering plan|Koodhka goobta]] | class="infobox-data" |214, 469, 972, 945 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sales tax | class="infobox-data" |8.25% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ celina-tx.gov]</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba. [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] bdddft5k0tjrog1p5atq45akmvcpmvx 301574 301573 2026-07-11T05:19:16Z Armadillo Jack 46447 301574 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Celina, Texas [[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Celina</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Coordinates: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:13}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator>[[Degmada Baydhabo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Collin, Denton |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |magaalo |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |'''Joogga''' <ref name="gnis" /> | class="infobox-data" |673&nbsp;ft (205&nbsp;m) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |'''Dadka''' (2020) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;'''&#x20;Wadarta'''</div> | class="infobox-data" |16,739 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">Estimate&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2025)</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |64,427 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aagga waqtiga | class="infobox-data" |UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC–5 (CDT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |ZIP Code | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">75009</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Telephone numbering plan|Koodhka goobta]] | class="infobox-data" |214, 469, 972, 945 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sales tax | class="infobox-data" |8.25% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ celina-tx.gov]</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba. [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ab594beke3d4nlsaewmejh5nhx36ejb 301575 301574 2026-07-11T05:19:56Z Armadillo Jack 46447 301575 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Celina, Texas [[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Celina</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Isku-duwayaasha: ''Coordinates'' <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:13}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator>[[Degmada Baydhabo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Collin, Denton |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |magaalo |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |'''Joogga''' <ref name="gnis" /> | class="infobox-data" |673&nbsp;ft (205&nbsp;m) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |'''Dadka''' (2020) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;'''&#x20;Wadarta'''</div> | class="infobox-data" |16,739 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">Estimate&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2025)</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |64,427 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aagga waqtiga | class="infobox-data" |UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC–5 (CDT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |ZIP Code | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">75009</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Telephone numbering plan|Koodhka goobta]] | class="infobox-data" |214, 469, 972, 945 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sales tax | class="infobox-data" |8.25% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ celina-tx.gov]</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba. [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ia3aio1b04u927177ud25c4590fly6m 301576 301575 2026-07-11T05:20:11Z Armadillo Jack 46447 301576 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Celina, Texas [[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Celina</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Isku-duwayaasha: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:13}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator>[[Degmada Baydhabo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Collin, Denton |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |magaalo |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |'''Joogga''' <ref name="gnis" /> | class="infobox-data" |673&nbsp;ft (205&nbsp;m) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |'''Dadka''' (2020) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;'''&#x20;Wadarta'''</div> | class="infobox-data" |16,739 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">Estimate&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2025)</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |64,427 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aagga waqtiga | class="infobox-data" |UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC–5 (CDT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |ZIP Code | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">75009</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Telephone numbering plan|Koodhka goobta]] | class="infobox-data" |214, 469, 972, 945 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sales tax | class="infobox-data" |8.25% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ celina-tx.gov]</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba. [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ddy3hwy3z3h6ydk2ibx5gq6v7p8kktt 301577 301576 2026-07-11T05:21:13Z Armadillo Jack 46447 301577 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Celina, Texas [[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Celina</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Isku-duwayaasha: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:13}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator>[[Degmada Baydhabo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Collin, Denton |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |magaalo |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |'''Joogga''' <ref name="gnis" /> | class="infobox-data" |673&nbsp;ft (205&nbsp;m) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |'''Dadka''' (2020) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;'''&#x20;Wadarta'''</div> | class="infobox-data" |16,739 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;"><div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2025)</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |64,427 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aagga waqtiga | class="infobox-data" |UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC–5 (CDT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |ZIP Code | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">75009</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Telephone numbering plan|Koodhka goobta]] | class="infobox-data" |214, 469, 972, 945 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sales tax | class="infobox-data" |8.25% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ celina-tx.gov]</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba. [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ne20ujch68ankflpncxnne44l85jwlw 301578 301577 2026-07-11T05:22:01Z Armadillo Jack 46447 301578 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Celina, Texas [[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Celina</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Isku-duwayaasha: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:13}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator>[[Degmada Baydhabo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Collin, Denton |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |magaalo |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |'''Joogga''' <ref name="gnis" /> | class="infobox-data" |673&nbsp;ft (205&nbsp;m) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |'''Dadka''' (2020) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;'''&#x20;Wadarta'''</div> | class="infobox-data" |16,739 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;"><div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2025)</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |64,427 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aagga waqtiga | class="infobox-data" |UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC–5 (CDT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |ZIP Code | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">75009</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Telephone numbering plan|Koodhka goobta]] | class="infobox-data" |214, 469, 972, 945 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sales tax | class="infobox-data" |8.25% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |'''Websaydhka''' | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ celina-tx.gov]</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba. [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] bthycdax42de41tk592h9bamdtrbu79 301579 301578 2026-07-11T05:22:39Z Armadillo Jack 46447 301579 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Celina, Texas [[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Celina</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Isku-duwayaasha: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:13}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator>[[Degmada Baydhabo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Collin, Denton |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |magaalo |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |'''Joogga''' <ref name="gnis" /> | class="infobox-data" |673&nbsp;ft (205&nbsp;m) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |'''Dadka''' (2020) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;'''&#x20;Wadarta'''</div> | class="infobox-data" |16,739 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;"><div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2025)</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |64,427 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aagga waqtiga | class="infobox-data" |UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC–5 (CDT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |ZIP Code | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">75009</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Telephone numbering plan|Koodhka goobta]] | class="infobox-data" |214, 469, 972, 945 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Canshuurta iibka | class="infobox-data" |8.25% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |'''Websaydhka''' | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ celina-tx.gov]</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba. [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ljqukkyxgvd6h5y4w15a2mgr2enrzs6 301580 301579 2026-07-11T05:23:38Z Armadillo Jack 46447 301580 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Celina, Texas [[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Celina</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Isku-duwayaasha: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:13}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator>[[Degmada Baydhabo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Collin, Denton |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |magaalo |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |'''Joogga''' <ref name="gnis" /> | class="infobox-data" |673&nbsp;ft (205&nbsp;m) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |'''Dadka''' (2020) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;'''&#x20;Wadarta'''</div> | class="infobox-data" |16,739 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;"><div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2025)</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |64,427 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aagga waqtiga | class="infobox-data" |UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;xagaa ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC–5 (CDT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |ZIP Code | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">75009</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Telephone numbering plan|Koodhka goobta]] | class="infobox-data" |214, 469, 972, 945 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Canshuurta iibka | class="infobox-data" |8.25% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |'''Websaydhka''' | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ celina-tx.gov]</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba. [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cxcc9j7z0g2zvcmmifqnqyp1fbp7wpd 301581 301580 2026-07-11T05:24:29Z Armadillo Jack 46447 301581 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Celina, Texas [[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Celina</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Isku-duwayaasha: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:13}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator>[[Degmada Baydhabo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Collin, Denton |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |magaalo |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |'''Joogga''' <ref name="gnis" /> | class="infobox-data" |673&nbsp;[[:en:Foot_(unit)|ft]] (205&nbsp;[[:en:Metre|m]]) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |'''Dadka''' (2020) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;'''&#x20;Wadarta'''</div> | class="infobox-data" |16,739 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;"><div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2025)</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |64,427 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aagga waqtiga | class="infobox-data" |UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;xagaa ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC–5 (CDT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |ZIP Code | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">75009</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Telephone numbering plan|Koodhka goobta]] | class="infobox-data" |214, 469, 972, 945 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Canshuurta iibka | class="infobox-data" |8.25% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |'''Websaydhka''' | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ celina-tx.gov]</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba. [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] l7o2gytx9w18bqgrvk2ndueib92ktjy 301582 301581 2026-07-11T05:25:00Z Armadillo Jack 46447 301582 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Celina, Texas [[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Downtown Celina</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Isku-duwayaasha: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:13}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°19′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.31917°N 96.79556°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator>[[Degmada Baydhabo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |County | class="infobox-data" |Collin, Denton |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |magaalo |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |'''Joogga''' <ref name="gnis" /> | class="infobox-data" |673&nbsp;[[:en:Foot_(unit)|ft]] (205&nbsp;[[:en:Metre|m]]) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |'''Dadka''' (2020) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;'''&#x20;Wadarta'''</div> | class="infobox-data" |16,739 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;"><div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2025)</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |64,427 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aagga waqtiga | class="infobox-data" |UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;•&nbsp;xagaa ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC–5 (CDT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[:en:ZIP_Code|ZIP Code]] | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">75009</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Telephone numbering plan|Koodhka goobta]] | class="infobox-data" |214, 469, 972, 945 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Canshuurta iibka | class="infobox-data" |8.25% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |'''Websaydhka''' | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ celina-tx.gov]</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba. [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] da1vb4c4lkukdf9j7ry2tviq3otd8wa 301583 301582 2026-07-11T05:27:33Z Armadillo Jack 46447 301583 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | '''Celina, Texas''' '''[[File:Celina_123.jpg|275x275px|Downtown Celina]]'''<div class="ib-settlement-caption"> </div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |'''[[File:Collin_County_Texas_Incorporated_Areas_Celina_highlighted.svg|250x250px|Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]]]'''<div class="ib-settlement-caption">'''Location of Celina in [[Collin County, Texas|Collin County]], [[Texas]]'''</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |'''Isku-duwayaasha:''' <span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Celina,_Texas&params=33_19_09_N_96_47_44_W_region:US-TX_type:city(16739) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">'''33°19′09″N'''</span> '''<span class="longitude">96°47′44″W</span>'''</span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">'''&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;'''</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">'''33.31917°N 96.79556°W'''</span><span style="display:none">'''&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">33.31917; -96.79556</span>'''</span></span>]</span></span> '''[[Degmada Baydhabo]]''' |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |'''County''' | class="infobox-data" |'''Collin, Denton''' |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |'''magaalo''' |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |'''Joogga <ref name="gnis" />''' | class="infobox-data" |'''673&nbsp;[[:en:Foot_(unit)|ft]] (205&nbsp;[[:en:Metre|m]])''' |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |'''Dadka (2020)''' |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">'''&nbsp;&#x20;Wadarta'''</div> | class="infobox-data" |'''16,739''' |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;"><div class="ib-settlement-fn">'''(2025)'''</div></div> | class="infobox-data" |'''64,427''' |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |'''Aagga waqtiga''' | class="infobox-data" |'''UTC–6 (Central (CST))''' |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">'''&nbsp;•&nbsp;xagaa ([[Daylight saving time|DST]])'''</span> | class="infobox-data" |'''UTC–5 (CDT)''' |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[:en:ZIP_Code|'''ZIP Code''']] [https://so.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celina,_Texas&action=watch Waardiyey] ☢ | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">'''75009'''</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Telephone numbering plan|'''Koodhka goobta''']] | class="infobox-data" |'''214, 469, 972, 945''' |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |'''Canshuurta iibka''' | class="infobox-data" |'''8.25%''' |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |'''Websaydhka''' | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.celina-tx.gov/ '''celina-tx.gov''']</span> |} '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba. [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] j31vt0l01i1dmyowqd8kpbmceb3cboj 301584 301583 2026-07-11T07:42:00Z Armadillo Jack 46447 301584 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba.<ref name="2020 Census (City)">{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Celina_city,_Texas?g=160XX00US4813684|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=May 18, 2024}}</ref> [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] pq1yv0opqbndfucr4kq8xba64b4r2sg 301585 301584 2026-07-11T07:45:48Z Armadillo Jack 46447 301585 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba.<ref name="2020 Census (City)">{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Celina_city,_Texas?g=160XX00US4813684|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=May 18, 2024}}</ref> [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]][https://www.celina-tx.gov/][https://www.celina-tx.gov/ '''City of Celina celina-tx.gov'''] [[Category:Coordinates on Wikidata]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4f7pz8xjb75tthky4bghflofqcanyng 301586 301585 2026-07-11T07:46:22Z Armadillo Jack 46447 301586 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Celina''' {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|l|aɪ|n|ə}} sil- nə ) waa magaalo ku taal degmooyinka Collin iyo Denton ee gobolka Texas. Celina waa magaalada gigabit-ka 1aad ee Gobolka Texas waxaana aqoonsaday Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Texas Greg Abbott Xubin ka tirsan Republican Party, bishii Maajo 2022. Sannadkii 2017, Celina waxay meel marisay sharci magaalada gigabit ah, kaas oo ahaa hindise cusub oo lagu siinayo dhammaan guryaha la deggan yahay xawaaraha internetka ee fiber-ka, gigabit-ka. Laga bilaabo 2021, qiyaastii 9,300 oo guri ayaa leh internet fiber ah oo xawaare sare leh, dadka deegaankana waxay leeyihiin shabakad fiber saafi ah oo leh isticmaal xog aan xadidnayn iyo xawaare dhan 1,000 megabits ilbiriqsikiiba.<ref name="2020 Census (City)">{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Celina_city,_Texas?g=160XX00US4813684|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=May 18, 2024}}</ref> [[File:Celina,_Texas_(2013).jpg|left|thumb|Wadada Waqooyiga Louisiana ee Celina, 2013]][https://www.celina-tx.gov/] [https://www.celina-tx.gov/ '''City of Celina celina-tx.gov'''] a6k7342uz6gb05c3tdevslytffipf32 0 48851 301588 2026-07-11T08:35:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Tati | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|-20.506782|27.679869}} | mouth_location = [[Webiga Shashe]] | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = Botswana | location = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = | tributaries_left = [[Webiga Inchwe]] | tributaries_right = }} {{location map|Botswana|caption=Goobta uu Webiga Tati kaga shubmo Webiga Shasha {{coord|-21.553289|27.963889|display=inline,title}}|lat_deg=-21.553289|lon_deg=27.963889|relief=y|display=title}} '''Webiga Tati''' waa wabi ku yaal waqooyi-bari ee [[Botswana]], kana mid ah qulqulka [[Webiga Shashe]], kaas oo isna dhankiisa qulqula [[Webiga Limpopo]]. Wabigu wuxuu dhex maraa [[Francistown]], halkaas oo uu kaga biiro Webiga Ntshe (ama Inchwe) dhinaca bidix.{{sfn|Bule|2010}} == Taariikh == Qiyaastii 1865 kii, nin ugaarsade ah ayaa helay calaamado muujinaya qoditaan dahab oo hore oo u dhow Tati.{{sfn|White|2004|p=2}} Wuxuu ku casuumay Karl Mauch inuu la socdo safarkiisa xiga, sanadkii 1866 kiina Mauch wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu helay [[Tati goldfields]] oo fidsan qiyaastii {{convert|80|by|3|mi}}{{sfn|White|2004|p=3}} taas oo bilowday duulaankii ugu horreeyay ee dahab-doonka ah ee Koonfurta Afrika sanadkii xigay.{{sfn|Eriksson|Altermann|Förtsch|1995|p=85}} Sanadkii 1869 kii, ninkii Ingiriiska ahaa ee Daniel Francis ayaa u yimid inuu u ugaarsado dahab webiga, ka hor inta uusan u dhaqaaqin dhinaca koonfureed ee goobaha dheemanka ee [[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]] sanadkii 1870 kii.{{sfn|Murphy|Armstrong|Bainbridge|Firestone|2010|p=85}} Dahabka ayaa ahaa mid adag in la soo saaro, dahab-doonkiina wuu yaraaday.{{sfn|Main|2001|p=96}} Francis wuxuu soo laabtay 1880 kii wuxuuna xuquuqda macdanta ka helay Boqor Lobengula.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://1870to1918.wordpress.com/2014/08/12/the-rudd-concession/|title=The Rudd concession|last=Jenny|date=2014-08-12|website=1870 to 1918|access-date=2017-02-15}}</ref>{{sfn|Murphy|Armstrong|Bainbridge|Firestone|2010|p=85}} Hawlaha macdanta ayaa dib u soo noolaaday 1880-meeyadii iyo 1890-meeyadii, Francistown-na waxaa la aasaasay 1897 kii markii tareenku yimid. Magaalada waxaa loogu magac daray Francis, kaas oo lahaa inta badan dhulka aaggaas ku yaal.{{sfn|Main|2001|p=96}} == Isticmaalka == Sariirta ciidda leh ee wabiga Tati waxay haysataa biyo dhowr maalmood oo keliya sannadkiiba, sida ay caadada u tahay webiyada ku yaal Botswana.{{sfn|Nas|1993|p=192}} Wabigu wuxuu quudiyaa [[Ntimbale Dam]], oo leh awood kayd ah oo dhan {{convert|26,370,000|m3}}.{{sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009|p=6}} Biyo-xireenka, oo la hawlgeliyay 2008 kii, wuxuu sahay biyo ah siiyaa tuulooyinka ku teedsan [[North-East District (Botswana)|Degmada Waqooyi-Bari]].{{sfn|Kologwe|2008}} In sii dheer jidkiisa, wabigu wuxuu biyo u qaadaa [[Dikgatlhong Dam]].{{sfn|Bule|2010}} Biyuhu waxay noqdeen kuwo ku sumoobay qashinka warshadaha iyo bini'aadamka, waxaana jira halis ah [[cholera]] haddii biyaha loo isticmaalo si aan loo daweyn. Xilliga abaarta ee dheeraaday, wabigu wuxuu lumiyaa biyaha dushiisa, in kasta oo biyaha laga heli karo sariirta ciidda. Qodista ciiddaan ayaa sababtay in heerka biyaha dhulka hoostiisa uu hoos u dhaco, waxayna sidoo kale gacan ka geysan kartaa fatahaadda.{{sfn|Bule|2010}} == Tixraac == '''Tixraacyo''' {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} '''Isha macluumaadka''' {{Refbegin}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=6&aid=2916&dir=2010/June/Friday11 |title=Tati River: A jewel or environmental trap? |last=Bule |first=Edward |work=Mmegi Online |date=11 June 2010 |access-date=2012-09-19 }} *{{cite web |url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/botswanawater_statisticsreport.pdf |title=BOTSWANA WATER STATISTICS |author=Central Statistics Office |date=October 2009 |access-date=2012-09-18 |url-status=unfit }} *{{Cite journal|last1=Eriksson |first1=Patrick G. |last2=Altermann |first2=W. |last3=Förtsch |first3=E. B. |year=1995 |title=Transvaal Sequence and Bushveld Complex |journal=Mineralium Deposita |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=85–88 |doi=10.1007/BF00189337 |bibcode=1995MinDe..30...85E |s2cid=140649997 }} *{{cite journal |url=http://www.sundaystandard.info/article.php?NewsID=3944&GroupID=3 |title=Ntimbale Dam to benefit North East region at last |last=Kologwe |first=Obusitse |date=2008-10-26 |journal=Sunday Standard |access-date=2012-09-19 }} *{{cite book|last=Main|first=Michael|title=African Adventurer's Guide to Botswana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdugjOahrC4C&pg=PA96|access-date=2012-09-19|date=2001-10-31|publisher=Struik|isbn=978-1-86872-576-2}} *{{cite book|last1=Murphy|first1=Alan|last2=Armstrong|first2=Kate|last3=Bainbridge|first3=James|last4=Firestone|first4=Matthew D.|title=Southern Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781740595452|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781740595452/page/85 85]|access-date=2012-09-19|date=2010-03-11|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74059-545-2}} *{{cite book|last=Nas|first=P.|title=Urban Symbolism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R7-xvYmg3HcC&pg=PA192|access-date=2012-09-19|year=1993|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-09855-8}} *{{cite book|last=White|first=John|title=Scientific Travellers, 1789-1874|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NSE1ORhvwhUC&pg=PA6|access-date=2012-09-19|date=2004-03-04|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9780415289313}} {{Refend}} {{Authority control}} se5cyq1zs3u10ta89m5yjz7izfi0wxa 0 48852 301589 2026-07-11T08:37:07Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Lotsane | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Lotsane river after flood.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Lotsane oo u dhow [[Palapye]] ka dib fatahaad | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka Webiga Lotsane kaga shubo <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Botswana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Kalahari]] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|1300|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Webiga Limpopo]], xudduudka Koonfur Afrika/[[Botswana]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|22|40|42|S|28|11|25|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|751|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|9748|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Lotsane''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfur-bari ee [[Botswana]]. Waa wabi xilliyeed ka mid ah qulqulka bidix ee [[Webiga Limpopo]] wuxuuna leeyahay bedka biyo-qabashada oo dhan {{convert|9748|km2}}. == Socodka == Lotsane wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa [[sandveld]], dhinaca bari ee [[Saxaraha Kalahari]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa dhanka bari, isagoo mara meel u dhow [[Serowe]] iyo [[Palapye]] wuxuuna dhinac maraa dhulka hoose ee [[Tswapong Hills]] dhinacooda waqooyi meel u dhow [[Maunatlala]]. Ugu dambayntii, wuxuu ku biiraa qulqulka bidix ee Webiga Limpopo xudduudka uu la wadaago Koonfur Afrika.<ref>[http://www.limpoporak.com/en/river/sub-basin+summaries/Lotsane.aspx Limpopo RAK] Retrieved 4 April 2012.</ref> Qulqulkiisa ugu waaweyn waa [[Webiga Morupule]] iyo [[Webiga Kutswe]], kan dambe wuxuu gooyaa [[Mokgware Hills]], oo ah silsilad buuro ah oo kala qaybisa biyo-mareenka wabiyada u qulqula waqooyi-bari, sida Maitsokgwane, iyo kuwa u qulqula koonfur-bari sida Mahalapswe. Qulqullo kale ayaa ah [[Webiga Dikabeya]] iyo [[Webiga Susuela]], kuwaas oo ku biira Lotsane bariga aagga Tswapong. Dhammaan wabiyada ku yaal biyo-mareenka Lotsane waa kuwo qalalan sannadka oo dhan, waxayna la kulmaan qulqul xilliyeed inta lagu jiro xilliga roobka ee xagaaga. Dadka ku nool aagagga u dhow waxay ururiyaan biyaha ku kaydsan sariirta ciidda leh ee wabiga.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin] Retrieved 4 April 2012.</ref> Waxaa jira hal biyo-xireen oo weyn oo ku yaal Webiga Lotsane. Hadda, waxaa la qorsheynayaa dhismaha biyo-xireenno kale.<ref>[http://www.ihsglobalinsight.co.za/News/news.asp?id=1004 Budget 2012: Fiscal Austerity Adhered to in Botswana - 3 Feb 2012] Retrieved 4 April 2012.</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay [[Water Utilities Corporation (Botswana)|Shirkadda Adeegyada Biyaha]], laga bilaabo Maarso 2012 [[Biyo-xireenka Lotsane]] wuxuu ahaa mid ku dhow in la dhammaystiro.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.facebook.com/waterutilities/posts/375151845836452|publisher=[[Botswana Water Utilities Corporation]]|title=Lotsane Dam|accessdate=20 September 2012}}</ref> == Gallery == <gallery widths="240px" heights="180px"> File:ISS006-E-7917tswapong-lotsane.jpg|Sawirka [[NASA]] ee [[Tswapong Hills]] iyadoo Webiga Lotsane uu qulqulayo dhinaca waqooyi. File:Palapye flood 1.jpg|Fatahaad degdeg ah oo ka dhacday Palapye, Degmada Dhexe, Botswana. Roobab mahiigaan ah ayaa sababay in biyo-xireen yar uu qarxo oo ku yaal Webiga Lotsane, kaas oo dhex mara tuulada </gallery> == Eeg sidoo kale == *[[Drainage basin A]] *[[Webiga Limpopo]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category}} 12ai7t4sd007fkntmh0wjexv9urt3pf 0 48853 301590 2026-07-11T08:39:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301590 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Panthera_leo_melanochaita_Crossing_River_Khwai.webm|thumb|Libaax ka gudbaya Webiga Khwai]] '''Webiga Khwai''' waa wabi ku yaal waqooyiga [[Botswana]]. Wuxuu ka kordhaa Webiga Okavango wuxuuna qayb ka yahay xudduudda waqooyi ee [[Moremi Game Reserve]]. Meel aan ka fogayn wabiga, oo ku taal Albaabka Waqooyi ee Moremi, waa tuulada BaBugkakhwe ee [[Khwai]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Botswana: Okavango Delta, Chobe, Northern Kalahari|first=Chris |last=McIntyre |edition =2|publisher =Bradt Travel Guides|year= 2007 |ISBN= 1-84162-166-8 }}</ref> Aagga waxaa u adeega [[Madaarka Webiga Khwai]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} agxp9kpr55hyd71perz3egpt35i4dys 0 48854 301591 2026-07-11T08:41:04Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: '''Webiga Eiseb''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Eiseb Omuramba''', waa [[wabi xilliyeed]] ama [[omuramba]] ku yaal [[Saxaraha Kalahari]] ee bariga [[Namibia]] iyo waqooyi-galbeed [[Botswana]]. Wuxuu qayb ka yahay nidaamka biyaha ee Eiseb-Epukiro wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhanka bari dhinaca [[Okavango Delta]].<ref name="ThomasShaw1991">{{cite book |last1=Thomas |first1=David S. G. |title=The Kalahari Environment |last2=Shaw |first2=Paul A. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=199... 301591 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Eiseb''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Eiseb Omuramba''', waa [[wabi xilliyeed]] ama [[omuramba]] ku yaal [[Saxaraha Kalahari]] ee bariga [[Namibia]] iyo waqooyi-galbeed [[Botswana]]. Wuxuu qayb ka yahay nidaamka biyaha ee Eiseb-Epukiro wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhanka bari dhinaca [[Okavango Delta]].<ref name="ThomasShaw1991">{{cite book |last1=Thomas |first1=David S. G. |title=The Kalahari Environment |last2=Shaw |first2=Paul A. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1991 |isbn=9780521370806|url=https://the-eis.com/elibrary/sites/default/files/downloads/literature/The_Kalahari_Environment.pdf}}</ref><ref name="IWRMEisebEpukiro">{{cite report |url=https://www.the-eis.com/data/literature/MAWF_IWRM%20booklet%20Eiseb-Epukiro_RV2.pdf |title=Integrated Water Resources Management: Eiseb-Epukiro River Basin |publisher=Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, Namibia |access-date=16 June 2026}}</ref> Wabigu waa mid ka mid ah dhowr marin-biyo oo qadiimi ah ama kala go'-go'a oo ku yaal waqooyiga Kalahari. Sida omiramba-da kale, wuxuu qaadaa biyaha dusha sare marka ay roobabku da'aan, halka sariirta webiga iyo kaydadka alluvial ee la xidhiidha ay muhiim u yihiin biyaha dhulka hoostiisa, daaqa, degitaanka iyo isticmaalka biyaha deegaanka ee aagga semi-arid-ka ah.<ref name="Jacobson1995">{{cite book |last1=Jacobson |first1=Peter J. |url=https://hydro-wiki.de/_media/en/projects/omaruru/1207_ephemeral-rivers-and-their-catchments.pdf |title=Ephemeral Rivers and Their Catchments: Sustaining People and Development in Western Namibia |last2=Jacobson |first2=Kathryn M. |last3=Seely |first3=Mary K. |publisher=Desert Research Foundation of Namibia |year=1995 |isbn=9991670947 |location=Windhoek |access-date=16 June 2026}}</ref><ref name="MEFTInventory2015">{{cite report |url=https://www.meft.gov.na/files/downloads/179_ResMob-Inventory%20report2-final.pdf |title=Development of an Inventory of Ecosystem Services in Namibia |year=2015 |publisher=Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Namibia |access-date=16 June 2026}}</ref> == Juqraafiga == Webiga Eiseb wuxuu ku yaal aagga ciidda leh ee Kalahari ee bariga Namibia iyo galbeedka Botswana. Wuxuu la xiriiraa Gobolka Omaheke ee Namibia wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhanka bari ilaa aagga biyaha ee Okavango.<ref name="ThomasShaw1991" /> Liiska webiyada qaranka ee Namibia, Eiseb waxaa lagu daray webiyada iyo omiramba-da u qulqula dhanka Okavango Delta.<ref name="Strohbach2008">{{cite journal |last=Strohbach |first=Ben J. |year=2008 |title=Mapping the major catchments of Namibia |url=https://hydro-wiki.de/_media/en/projects/omaruru/strohbach_2008.pdf |journal=Agricola |volume=18 |pages=63–73 |access-date=16 June 2026}}</ref> Wabigu wuxuu ka tirsan yahay biyo-mareenka Eiseb-Epukiro, oo ah biyo-mareen u dhexeeya Eiseb iyo [[Epukiro]]. Biyo-mareenku wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay Botswana dhinaca bari, wuxuu u gaaraa dhinaca koonfureed dhanka [[Gobabis]], wuxuuna daboolaa qaybo ka mid ah gobollada Omaheke iyo [[Otjozondjupa Region|Otjozondjupa]] ee Namibia.<ref name="IWRMEisebEpukiro" /> Degmada u dhow ee [[Eiseb]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Eiseb Block, ayaa loogu magac daray wabiga. Degmadu waxay ku taal [[Otjombinde Constituency]] ee Gobolka Omaheke.<ref name="NewEra2015">{{cite news |date=17 November 2015 |title=Nguvauva wants Eiseb Block to be declared a constituency |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118135352/https://www.newera.com.na/2015/11/17/nguvauva-eiseb-block-declared-constituency/ |access-date=16 June 2026 |work=New Era}}</ref> == Dabeecadda Omuramba == Eiseb waa omuramba, waa eray loo isticmaalo Namibia iyo Botswana sariiraha webiyada ee qadiimiga ah ama qadiimiga ah ee ku yaal Kalahari. Omiramba badanaa way qallalan yihiin inta badan sannadka laakiin waxay hayn karaan biyo dusha sare ah ka dib roobab mahiigaan ah. Badanaa way ka bacdi badan yihiin bannaannada ciidda ee Kalahari sababtoo ah kanaalladooda waxaa ku jira sediments alluvial oo ka sii fiican.<ref name="Jacobson1995" /> Omiramba-da waqooyi-bari Namibia iyo waqooyi-galbeed Botswana inta badan waxay ka bilaabmaan qaybaha dhexe ee Namibia waxayna u cararaan dhanka Botswana dhexe. Qaar badan ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay ka firfircoonaayeen xaaladaha cimilada qoyan ee hore, laakiin cimilada hadda jira waxay u qulqulaan si isdaba-joog ah iyo masaafo xaddidan ka dib roobabka.<ref name="Jacobson1995" /><ref name="Strohbach2008" /> Dhulalka kaynta leh ee waqooyiga Kalahari, marin-biyoodyada qadiimiga ah sida Eiseb, Epukiro, Omatako, Khaudom, Nhoma, Mpungu iyo Otjozondjou ayaa ka mid ah astaamaha alluvial ee ugu waaweyn ee dhexgalaya muuqaalka ciidda. Marin-biyoodyadan iyo balliyada la xidhiidha badanaa waxaa ku jira silts alluvial ama dhoobo-gacmeed oo fiican waxayna taariikh ahaan u bixiyeen biyo dadka, xoolaha iyo duurjoogta, ha ahaato biyo dusha sare ah ka dib roobka ama ceelasha gacmeed.<ref name="MEFTInventory2015" /> == Biyo-mareenka Eiseb-Epukiro == Biyo-mareenka Eiseb-Epukiro waa mid ka mid ah biyo-mareenada Namibia. Waxay leedahay aag dusha sare ah oo lagu soo waramayo inuu yahay 10,665 km<sup>2</sup> iyo wax soo saarka biyaha sannadlaha ah oo qiyaastii 20 milyan m<sup>3</sup>, inta badan biyaha dhulka hoostiisa.<ref name="IWRMEisebEpukiro" /> Biyo-mareenku waa muhiim sababtoo ah biyaha dusha sare waa mid aan caadi ahayn, taas oo ka dhigaysa biyaha dhulka hoostiisa kheyraadka biyaha ugu weyn ee degsiimooyinka, xoolaha iyo isticmaalka kale ee deegaanka. Habkan ayaa caadi u ah omiramba-da Kalahari badan, halkaas oo xariiqyada dheecaanku ay noqon karaan kuwo qalalan dusha sare laakiin weli muhiim u ah aagagga dib-u-buuxinta, meelaha ceelasha gacmeed ama nidaamyada alluvial ee biyaha dhulka hoostiisa.<ref name="Jacobson1995" /><ref name="Simmonds2000">{{cite journal |last1=Simmonds |first1=A. L. E. |last2=Smalley |first2=T. J. |year=2000 |title=Kalahari aquifers in the Gam area of north-eastern Namibia |url=https://mme.gov.na/files/publications/05a_Simmonds%20and%20Smalley_Kalahari%20aquifers_Gam.pdf |journal=Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia |volume=12 |pages=469–474 |access-date=16 June 2026}}</ref> Biyo-mareenka Eiseb-Epukiro ayaa sidoo kale lagu sheegay daraasado ballaaran oo ku saabsan kheyraadka biyaha ee gobolka Cubango-Okavango. Warbixin isku-dhafan oo loogu talagalay Xisaab-xirka Biyaha ee Cubango-Okavango River Basin ayaa aqoonsatay aagagga waraabka ee bariga iyo waqooyi-bari ee Omatako Dam iyo bariga fog meel u dhow Otjinene ee biyo-mareenka biyaha qaranka Eiseb-Epukiro.<ref name="CORBWA2013">{{cite report |url=https://www.fao.org/4/i3743e/i3743e.pdf |title=Cubango-Okavango River Basin Water Audit: Synthesis Report |year=2013 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |access-date=16 June 2026}}</ref> == Juqraafiga iyo biyaha dhulka hoostiisa == Aagga Eiseb ee hoose wuxuu la xiriiraa Eiseb Graben, qaab-dhismeedka tectonic ee bariga Namibia. Shaqada juqraafiyeed ee aagga Gam ayaa lagu aqoonsaday cillado u janjeera waqooyi-bari koonfurta Eiseb Omuramba oo ku beegan meelaha ciidda lagu barakiciyay oo saameeya qaababka dheecaanka hadda jira.<ref name="Simmonds2000" /> Simmonds iyo Smalley waxay soo wariyeen in qaab-dhismeedyadan loo fasiray inay yihiin cillado dhowaan sameeyay oo samaynaya kordhinta koonfur-galbeed ee qaab-dhismeedka Okavango Delta graben. Namibia, qaab-dhismeedkan waxaa loogu yeeraa Eiseb Graben.<ref name="Simmonds2000" /> Qodista xarunta Eiseb Graben ee u dhow xudduudka Botswana ayaa xaqiijisay sediments Kalahari oo ka badan 250 mitir oo dhumuc leh.<ref name="Simmonds2000" /> Eiseb Graben waa muhiim u ah biyaha dhulka hoostiisa sababtoo ah sediments-ka Kalahari ee hoose ee saturated waxay bixin karaan biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ee la soo saari karo qaybo ka mid ah graben-ka. Daraasado lagu sameeyay waqooyi-bari Namibia ayaa muujiyay in sahaminta biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ee sediments Kalahari dhumuc weyn leh ay noqon karto mid adag, iyo in hababka qodista ay saameeyaan ogaanshaha iyo horumarinta lakabyada biyaha-xambaarsan ee wax soo saarka yar.<ref name="Simmonds2000" /> == Deegaanka iyo isticmaalka dhulka == Webiga Eiseb wuxuu ku yaal deegaanka ballaaran ee Kalahari, halkaas oo biyaha dusha sare ay ku yar yihiin oo xilliyeed yihiin. Sediments-ka alluvial ee omiramba waxay bixiyaan aagag bacrin ah marka loo eego ciidda qoto dheer ee ku wareegsan.<ref name="MEFTInventory2015" /> Aagaggan waxaa isticmaala dadka iyo xoolaha waxayna taageeri karaan dhirta iyo daaqa xilliyada marka sandveld-ka ku wareegsan uu ka yar yahay wax soo saarka.<ref name="Jacobson1995" /> Kaymaha Waqooyiga Kalahari ee Namibia, hawlaha beeraha iyo xannaanada xoolaha waa isticmaalka dhulka oo muhiim ah. Biyaha la cabbo ayaa badanaa laga soo tuuraa aquifers-ka waxaana loo isticmaalaa ujeedooyin gudaha ah, dalagyada, xoolaha iyo duurjoogta.<ref name="MEFTInventory2015" /> Sidaa darteed Eiseb iyo omiramba-da la xidhiidha waxay qayb ka yihiin aasaaska kheyraadka biyaha ee degsiimooyinka miyiga iyo nolosha xoolo-dhaqatada ee bariga Namibia. == Maareynta biyaha == Maareynta biyaha ee biyo-mareenka Eiseb-Epukiro waxaa qaabeeya engegnaanta biyo-mareenka, qulqulka dusha sare ee go'an iyo ku tiirsanaanta biyaha dhulka hoostiisa. Qorshaynta kheyraadka biyaha ee isku-dhafan ee Namibia waxay ula dhaqantaa Eiseb-Epukiro sidii biyo-mareen gaar ah oo loogu talagalay ujeedooyinka maaraynta kheyraadka biyaha.<ref name="IWRMEisebEpukiro" /> Dukumentiyada qorshaynta beeraha iyo kheyraadka biyaha ee Namibia dhowaan ayaa aqoonsaday dhowr biyo-mareen, oo ay ku jiraan Eiseb-Epukiro, inay ku jiraan cadaadis ama u nugul xaddidaadaha kheyraadka biyaha. Welwelkan wuxuu ku xiran yahay baahida ballaaran ee maaraynta kheyraadka biyaha ee isku-dhafan, soo saarista biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ee waara iyo qorsheynta dhulka iyo biyaha ee cimilada u adkaysta ee gobollada dhulka engegan ee Namibia.<ref name="AgriFoodStrategy2024">{{cite report |url=https://www.nafsan.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Final_MAWLR-STAS-Document-2024-web-quality.pdf |title=Strategy for the Transformation of the Agri-Food Sector 2025/26–2030/31 |year=2024 |publisher=Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Namibia |access-date=16 June 2026}}</ref> == Xiriirka nidaamka Okavango == Eiseb waa qayb ka mid ah kooxda durdurrada xilliyeedka iyo xariiqyada dheecaanka qadiimiga ah ee la xidhiidha Okavango Delta iyo Biyo-mareenka Kalahari. Okavango Delta waa nidaamka qoyan ee endorheic ee waqooyiga Botswana, halkaas oo biyaha soo galaya delta-ka ay ku lumaan inta badan iyada oo loo marayo evapotranspiration iyo infiltration halkii ay u qulquli lahaayeen badda.<ref name="CORBWA2013" /> Si ka duwan Webiga Cubango-Okavango ee joogtada ah, Eiseb waxay gacan ka geysataa nidaamka sidii xariiq dheecaan Kalahari oo xilliyeed ah. Sidaa darteed waxaa si fiican loo fahmay sidii marin-biyo xilliyeed ama qadiimi ah oo ka mid ah deegaanka dheecaanka Okavango-Kalahari oo ballaaran halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd qulqulka joogtada ah.<ref name="ThomasShaw1991" /><ref name="Strohbach2008" /> == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Omuramba]] * [[Saxaraha Kalahari]] * [[Biyo-mareenka Kalahari]] * [[Okavango Delta]] * [[Liiska webiyada Namibia]] * [[Liiska webiyada Botswana]] * [[Saadka biyaha iyo fayadhowrka Namibia]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} jh7co2b51o7pqobh0ofzc3fttwimbrl 0 48855 301592 2026-07-11T08:45:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301592 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Corubal''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Rio Corubal''' ama '''Tomine''', waa [[wabi]] ku yaal [[Galbeedka Afrika]], kana mid ah qulqulka ugu weyn ee [[Webiga Geba]]. Masaafad gaaban, wuxuu sameeyaa xudduudda caalamiga ah ee u dhaxaysa [[Guinea]] iyo [[Guinea-Bissau]]. Wuxuu leeyahay dherer dhan qiyaastii {{convert|560|km}}. {{Infobox river | name = Corubal | image = | image_size = | image_captionb = | map = Geba Corubal OSM.png | map_size = 375px | map_caption = Khariidadda Senegal, Guinea iyo Guinea-Bissau oo ay ku muuqato aagga biyo-qabashada ee Geba (cagaar khafiif ah) | source1_location = [[Fouta Djallon]], [[Guinea]] | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Guinea]]|[[Guinea-Bissau]]}} | length = {{cvt|561|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | discharge1_location=Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg =(Xilligii: 1979–2015) {{cvt|17.52|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Basins">{{cite web|http://twap-rivers.org/indicators|title=River Basins}}</ref> (Xilligii: 1971–2000) {{cvt|330.7|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | discharge2_location={{ill|Saltinho (Guinea-Bissau)|lt=Saltinho|de}} (Bedka biyo-mareenka: {{cvt|23,840|km2|abbr=on}} | discharge2_min={{cvt|5.4|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name=GRDC>[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1815020.html "GHAASBasin437 Basin, Station: Saltinho amont"], UNH/GRDC. La helay 29 Janaayo 2013.</ref> | discharge2_avg=(Xilligii: 1977–1994){{cvt|304|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name=GRDC>[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1815020.html "GHAASBasin437 Basin, Station: Saltinho amont"], UNH/GRDC. La helay 29 Janaayo 2013.</ref> | discharge2_max={{cvt|1,600|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name=GRDC>[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1815020.html "GHAASBasin437 Basin, Station: Saltinho amont"], UNH/GRDC. La helay 29 Janaayo 2013.</ref> | mouth_location = Canal do Geba, [[Guinea-Bissau]] | mouth_coordinates = | river_system= Webiga Corubal | tributaries_left=Tomine, Feline | tributaries_right=Koumba | basin_size ={{cvt|24,399.9|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> }} == Taariikh == Corubal wuxuu sameeyay xudduudda u dhaxaysa [[Kaabu]] iyo [[Imamate of Futa Jallon]] dhammaadkii qarnigii 18-aad iyo horraantii qarnigii 19-aad.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mane |first1=Mamadou |title=Le Kaabu (XIIIe-XIXe siècle), Une des grandes entités historiques de l’espace mandingue de Sénégambie |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/902727591/Mane-M-Le-Kaabu-XIII-XIXe-Une-des-grandes-entite-s-historiques-de-l-espace-mandingue-de-Se-ne-gambie |access-date=3 Maarso 2026}}</ref> Intii lagu jiray [[Dagaalkii Gumeysiga ee Bortuqiiska]] bishii Febraayo 1969, ciidankii Bortuqiiska, iyagoo ka gurmanaya dhulalkii ku yaallay [[Boe, Guinea-Bissau|Madina do Boe]], waxay waayeen 47 askari oo ku qarqoomay markii doonidoodii xamuulka badnayd ay hal dhinac u gaddoomtay intii ay ka gudbayeen Corubal. Dhacdadan waxaa loo yaqaan [[Cheche Disaster]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026 |title=Desastre de Cheche: 'Dignificar morte' de antigos combatentes |url=http://www.cienciahoje.pt/index.php?oid=39816&op=all |access-date=14 Juun 2026 |website=CiênciaHoje |language=en}}</ref> === Heshiis === Heshiis maamuus ah oo loo yaqaan "Corubal River Agreement" ayaa la saxiixay 21 Oktoobar 1978 magaalada [[Conakry]] oo ay kala saxiixdeen [[Jamhuuriyadda Guinea]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Guinea Bissau]] si loo horumariyo loona maareeyo Webiga Kaliba-Koribal; Webiga Corubal waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan Kaliba. "Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du Fleuve Gambie" (OMVG) oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan "Ururka Horumarinta Biyo-mareenka Webiga Gambia" ayaa sidoo kale lagu heshiiyay in la aasaaso si loo darso loona horumariyo qorshayaasha maareynta ee mashaariicda Webiga Gambia, Webiga Geba iyo Webiga Corubal ee loogu talagalay korontada, waraabka, xakameynta fatahaadaha, socdaalka, tayada biyaha iyo kaabayaasha.<ref name="Hydropolitical Vulnerability And Resilience Along International Waters: Africa">{{cite book|title=Hydropolitical Vulnerability And Resilience Along International Waters: Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NPXKoHilf8kC&pg=PA92|access-date=3 Janaayo 2013|year=2005|publisher=UNEP/Earthprint|isbn=978-92-807-2575-9|pages=92–}}</ref><ref name="Dinar2008">{{cite book|author=Shlomi Dinar|title=International Water Treaties: Negotiation and Cooperation Along Transboundary Rivers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tx8SoeluyWoC&pg=PA247|access-date=3 Janaayo 2013|year=2008|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-77208-2|pages=247–}}</ref> Heshiisku wuxuu kaloo aqoonsaday aagga guud ee biyo-mareenka ee Webiga Corubal oo dhan 24000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> iyadoo 17500&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (72.71%) ay ku yaallaan Guinea iyo inta kale oo ah 27.02% ay ku yaallaan Guinea Bissau.<ref name=Basin>{{Cite web|url=http://www.awiru.co.za/pdf/F_BACK%20UNEP%20Africa.pdf|format=pdf|title=Appendix 1 International Freshwater Agreements, River Basin organizations, and River Basin Commissions of Africa|work=Corubal|access-date=31 Janaayo 2013|publisher=UNEP Africa}}</ref> OMVG waxay darseen afar goobood oo horumarin ah oo loogu talagalay mashaariicda korontada biyaha. Mashaariicdu waa, Sambangalou ee Webiga Gambia, mashaariicda Fello Sounga iyo Saltinho ee Webiga Koliba/Corubal, iyo Mashruuca Gaoual ee Webiga Géba. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, heshiiska guud ma laha wax xeerar ah oo la taaban karo oo nidaaminaya iskaashiga u dhexeeya Guinea iyo Guinea-Bissau. Sidaa darteed waxaa la soo jeediyay in loo noqdo "[[Convention on the Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses|United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses]]" oo ah aalad caalami ah, oo la qaatay 1997, si kor loogu qaado horumarinta caddaaladda ah iyo waara iyo maaraynta biyo-mareenada ay wadaagaan laba ama in ka badan oo dawladood. Iyadoo la adeegsanayo qodobbada heshiiskan, heshiiska hadda jira ee u dhexeeya labada dawladood ee biyo-mareenka ah ee ku saabsan horumarinta Webiga Corubal wuxuu u baahan doonaa in la ballaariyo iyadoo la samaynayo qodobo gaar ah oo "wargelinaya oo hagaya iskaashiga, iyo sidoo kale bixinta guddiga farsamada hage sharci ah si si wanaagsan loo fuliyo hawlihiisa."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.internationalwaterlaw.org/bibliography/WWF/RA_West_Africa.pdf|format=pdf|title= UN Watercourses Convention: Applicability And Relevance In West Africa|access-date=31 Janaayo 2013|publisher=International Water Law organization}}</ref> == Juqraafiga == [[File:Kolanut.jpg|right|thumb|[[Kola nut]] loo isticmaalo in lagu beddelo dahab]] Wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa meel u dhow [[Labe, Guinea|Labe]] ee buuraleyda [[Fouta Djallon]] ee [[Guinea]] wuxuuna guud ahaan u qulqulaa dhanka bari-galbeed. [[Webiga Bentala]] waa qulqulka sare.<ref name="Brooks2010">{{cite book|last=Brooks|first=George E.|title=Western Africa and Cabo Verde, 1790s-1830s: Symbiosis of Slave and Legitimate Trades|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AMa2VcbHbtEC&pg=PA200|access-date=28 Janaayo 2013|date=7 Disembar 2010|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=978-1-4520-8871-6|page=200}}</ref><ref name=River>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1481521/Corubal-River|title= Corubal River|access-date=31 Janaayo 2013|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Wuxuu soo galaa [[Guinea-Bissau]] xudduudkiisa bari, ka dibna wuxuu u wareegaa guud ahaan koonfur-galbeed, isagoo u dhow xudduudka Guinea-Bissauan, ka dibna wuxuu u leexdaa waqooyi-galbeed, wuxuu maraa [[Xitole]], ka dibna wuxuu ku shubmaa dhamaadka sare ee [[Geba River|Geba]] estuary, qiyaastii {{convert|50|km}} kor u qaadista magaalada [[Bissau]]. Masaafad gaaban, wuxuu sameeyaa xudduudda caalamiga ah ee u dhaxaysa Guinea iyo Guinea-Bissau. Wuxuu u qulqulaa inta u dhaxaysa xudduudda koonfureed ee [[Bafatá Region|Bafatá]] iyo gobollada [[Quinara Region|Quinará]] iyo [[Tombali Region|Tombali]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Corubal River|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1481521/Corubal-River|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=28 Janaayo 2013}}</ref> Waa mid la mari karo oo ilaa magaalada Bafatá.<ref name=River/> Socdaalka Webiyada Corubal iyo Geba waxay kaloo u dhaqmeen sidii [[Biofada]]’s [[Mandavan]] dariiqyada karawaannada si ay u qaadaan milix iyo [[Kola nut|kola]] goosashada si loogu beddelo ganacsi dahab ah, ilaa koonfurta [[Mount Kōya|Koya]] ee Cape Mount Area.<ref name="Brooks2003">{{cite book|author=George E. Brooks|title=Eurafricans in Western Africa: Commerce, Social Status, Gender, and Religious Observance from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O2T8EAgAYiMC&pg=PA40|access-date=3 Janaayo 2013|year=2003|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=978-0-85255-489-0|pages=40–}}</ref> Biafada waa dhulka sare ee isku-xirka ee bangiga waqooyi ee Webiga Corubal iyo estuary-ga waa qiyaastii 10&nbsp;km ballac ahaan marka ay labada wabi isku xirmaan.<ref name="Brooks2003"/> == Haydrometri == Qulqulka wabiga waxaa la arkayay 18 sano (1977-1994) magaalada Saltinho, oo ku taal 200 kiiloomitir badda. Saldhigga Saltinho amont, qulqulka celceliska sannadlaha ah ee la arkay intii lagu jiray muddadaas wuxuu ahaa 304 m3/s ee aagga biyo-qabashada oo daboolaya 23,840 km2, in ka badan 90% dhammaan biyo-mareenka wabiga. Qoto-dheeraanta qulqulka waxay gaartay 404&nbsp;mm/sannadkii, taas oo loo tixgelin karo mid sarreeya.<ref name="GRDC2">{{Cite web |title=GHAASBasin437 - Saltinho amont|url=https://www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1815020.html|access-date=14 Juun 2026|website=www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu}}</ref> Rio Corubal wuxuu leeyahay qulqul sarreeya laakiin aad u qallafsan. Celceliska qulqulka bishiiba ee la arkay bishii Maajo (ugu yar) waa kaliya 8 m3/s, in ka badan 140 jeer ka yar celceliska bisha Sebtembar, markaas oo qulqulka uu ugu sarreeyo. Kala duwanaanshaha xilliyeedka ayaa sidaas darteed aad u sarreeya, taas oo muujinaysa qallafsanaan weyn. Muddo 18 sano ah oo la daawanayay, qulqulka bilaha ugu yar wuxuu ahaa 5.4 m3/ s, halka kan ugu sarreeyana uu ahaa 1,600 m3/s.<ref name="GRDC2" /> == Dhirta == Qaybaha hoose ee labada wabi, bangiyada waxay leeyihiin kaymo [[Mangrove]] iyo dhulal [[marshy]], kuwaas oo sidoo kale ay ku dhaceen kaneecada [[anopheles]]. Qaybaha sare ee wabiga biyo-mareenku wuxuu leeyahay [[savanna]] [[woodland]].<ref name="Brooks2003"/> == Fauna == Inta badan dadka [[antelope]] ee Guinea-Bissau waxay ku yaallaan aagga Webiga Corubal-Dulombi.<ref name="East1999">{{cite book|last=East|first=Rod|title=African Antelope Database 1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=59Ci3C8BCmEC&pg=PA45|access-date=29 Janaayo 2013|year=1999|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-8317-0477-7|pages=45–}}</ref> [[Hippopotamus]] waxay samaystaan dad gooni ah.<ref name="Eltringham2010">{{cite book|last=Eltringham|first=S.K.|title=The Hippos|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0xvDQq7hZ8C&pg=PA139|access-date=29 Janaayo 2013|date=31 Janaayo 2010|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4081-2868-8|pages=139–}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Commons}} 20qfrh8owwzj56ae6gzwouta4g6lrtx 301593 301592 2026-07-11T08:46:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* Dhirta xayawaanka */ 301593 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Corubal''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Rio Corubal''' ama '''Tomine''', waa [[wabi]] ku yaal [[Galbeedka Afrika]], kana mid ah qulqulka ugu weyn ee [[Webiga Geba]]. Masaafad gaaban, wuxuu sameeyaa xudduudda caalamiga ah ee u dhaxaysa [[Guinea]] iyo [[Guinea-Bissau]]. Wuxuu leeyahay dherer dhan qiyaastii {{convert|560|km}}. {{Infobox river | name = Corubal | image = | image_size = | image_captionb = | map = Geba Corubal OSM.png | map_size = 375px | map_caption = Khariidadda Senegal, Guinea iyo Guinea-Bissau oo ay ku muuqato aagga biyo-qabashada ee Geba (cagaar khafiif ah) | source1_location = [[Fouta Djallon]], [[Guinea]] | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Guinea]]|[[Guinea-Bissau]]}} | length = {{cvt|561|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | discharge1_location=Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg =(Xilligii: 1979–2015) {{cvt|17.52|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Basins">{{cite web|http://twap-rivers.org/indicators|title=River Basins}}</ref> (Xilligii: 1971–2000) {{cvt|330.7|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | discharge2_location={{ill|Saltinho (Guinea-Bissau)|lt=Saltinho|de}} (Bedka biyo-mareenka: {{cvt|23,840|km2|abbr=on}} | discharge2_min={{cvt|5.4|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name=GRDC>[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1815020.html "GHAASBasin437 Basin, Station: Saltinho amont"], UNH/GRDC. La helay 29 Janaayo 2013.</ref> | discharge2_avg=(Xilligii: 1977–1994){{cvt|304|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name=GRDC>[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1815020.html "GHAASBasin437 Basin, Station: Saltinho amont"], UNH/GRDC. La helay 29 Janaayo 2013.</ref> | discharge2_max={{cvt|1,600|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name=GRDC>[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1815020.html "GHAASBasin437 Basin, Station: Saltinho amont"], UNH/GRDC. La helay 29 Janaayo 2013.</ref> | mouth_location = Canal do Geba, [[Guinea-Bissau]] | mouth_coordinates = | river_system= Webiga Corubal | tributaries_left=Tomine, Feline | tributaries_right=Koumba | basin_size ={{cvt|24,399.9|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> }} == Taariikh == Corubal wuxuu sameeyay xudduudda u dhaxaysa [[Kaabu]] iyo [[Imamate of Futa Jallon]] dhammaadkii qarnigii 18-aad iyo horraantii qarnigii 19-aad.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mane |first1=Mamadou |title=Le Kaabu (XIIIe-XIXe siècle), Une des grandes entités historiques de l’espace mandingue de Sénégambie |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/902727591/Mane-M-Le-Kaabu-XIII-XIXe-Une-des-grandes-entite-s-historiques-de-l-espace-mandingue-de-Se-ne-gambie |access-date=3 Maarso 2026}}</ref> Intii lagu jiray [[Dagaalkii Gumeysiga ee Bortuqiiska]] bishii Febraayo 1969, ciidankii Bortuqiiska, iyagoo ka gurmanaya dhulalkii ku yaallay [[Boe, Guinea-Bissau|Madina do Boe]], waxay waayeen 47 askari oo ku qarqoomay markii doonidoodii xamuulka badnayd ay hal dhinac u gaddoomtay intii ay ka gudbayeen Corubal. Dhacdadan waxaa loo yaqaan [[Cheche Disaster]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026 |title=Desastre de Cheche: 'Dignificar morte' de antigos combatentes |url=http://www.cienciahoje.pt/index.php?oid=39816&op=all |access-date=14 Juun 2026 |website=CiênciaHoje |language=en}}</ref> === Heshiis === Heshiis maamuus ah oo loo yaqaan "Corubal River Agreement" ayaa la saxiixay 21 Oktoobar 1978 magaalada [[Conakry]] oo ay kala saxiixdeen [[Jamhuuriyadda Guinea]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Guinea Bissau]] si loo horumariyo loona maareeyo Webiga Kaliba-Koribal; Webiga Corubal waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan Kaliba. "Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du Fleuve Gambie" (OMVG) oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan "Ururka Horumarinta Biyo-mareenka Webiga Gambia" ayaa sidoo kale lagu heshiiyay in la aasaaso si loo darso loona horumariyo qorshayaasha maareynta ee mashaariicda Webiga Gambia, Webiga Geba iyo Webiga Corubal ee loogu talagalay korontada, waraabka, xakameynta fatahaadaha, socdaalka, tayada biyaha iyo kaabayaasha.<ref name="Hydropolitical Vulnerability And Resilience Along International Waters: Africa">{{cite book|title=Hydropolitical Vulnerability And Resilience Along International Waters: Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NPXKoHilf8kC&pg=PA92|access-date=3 Janaayo 2013|year=2005|publisher=UNEP/Earthprint|isbn=978-92-807-2575-9|pages=92–}}</ref><ref name="Dinar2008">{{cite book|author=Shlomi Dinar|title=International Water Treaties: Negotiation and Cooperation Along Transboundary Rivers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tx8SoeluyWoC&pg=PA247|access-date=3 Janaayo 2013|year=2008|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-77208-2|pages=247–}}</ref> Heshiisku wuxuu kaloo aqoonsaday aagga guud ee biyo-mareenka ee Webiga Corubal oo dhan 24000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> iyadoo 17500&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (72.71%) ay ku yaallaan Guinea iyo inta kale oo ah 27.02% ay ku yaallaan Guinea Bissau.<ref name=Basin>{{Cite web|url=http://www.awiru.co.za/pdf/F_BACK%20UNEP%20Africa.pdf|format=pdf|title=Appendix 1 International Freshwater Agreements, River Basin organizations, and River Basin Commissions of Africa|work=Corubal|access-date=31 Janaayo 2013|publisher=UNEP Africa}}</ref> OMVG waxay darseen afar goobood oo horumarin ah oo loogu talagalay mashaariicda korontada biyaha. Mashaariicdu waa, Sambangalou ee Webiga Gambia, mashaariicda Fello Sounga iyo Saltinho ee Webiga Koliba/Corubal, iyo Mashruuca Gaoual ee Webiga Géba. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, heshiiska guud ma laha wax xeerar ah oo la taaban karo oo nidaaminaya iskaashiga u dhexeeya Guinea iyo Guinea-Bissau. Sidaa darteed waxaa la soo jeediyay in loo noqdo "[[Convention on the Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses|United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses]]" oo ah aalad caalami ah, oo la qaatay 1997, si kor loogu qaado horumarinta caddaaladda ah iyo waara iyo maaraynta biyo-mareenada ay wadaagaan laba ama in ka badan oo dawladood. Iyadoo la adeegsanayo qodobbada heshiiskan, heshiiska hadda jira ee u dhexeeya labada dawladood ee biyo-mareenka ah ee ku saabsan horumarinta Webiga Corubal wuxuu u baahan doonaa in la ballaariyo iyadoo la samaynayo qodobo gaar ah oo "wargelinaya oo hagaya iskaashiga, iyo sidoo kale bixinta guddiga farsamada hage sharci ah si si wanaagsan loo fuliyo hawlihiisa."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.internationalwaterlaw.org/bibliography/WWF/RA_West_Africa.pdf|format=pdf|title= UN Watercourses Convention: Applicability And Relevance In West Africa|access-date=31 Janaayo 2013|publisher=International Water Law organization}}</ref> == Juqraafiga == [[File:Kolanut.jpg|right|thumb|[[Kola nut]] loo isticmaalo in lagu beddelo dahab]] Wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa meel u dhow [[Labe, Guinea|Labe]] ee buuraleyda [[Fouta Djallon]] ee [[Guinea]] wuxuuna guud ahaan u qulqulaa dhanka bari-galbeed. [[Webiga Bentala]] waa qulqulka sare.<ref name="Brooks2010">{{cite book|last=Brooks|first=George E.|title=Western Africa and Cabo Verde, 1790s-1830s: Symbiosis of Slave and Legitimate Trades|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AMa2VcbHbtEC&pg=PA200|access-date=28 Janaayo 2013|date=7 Disembar 2010|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=978-1-4520-8871-6|page=200}}</ref><ref name=River>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1481521/Corubal-River|title= Corubal River|access-date=31 Janaayo 2013|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Wuxuu soo galaa [[Guinea-Bissau]] xudduudkiisa bari, ka dibna wuxuu u wareegaa guud ahaan koonfur-galbeed, isagoo u dhow xudduudka Guinea-Bissauan, ka dibna wuxuu u leexdaa waqooyi-galbeed, wuxuu maraa [[Xitole]], ka dibna wuxuu ku shubmaa dhamaadka sare ee [[Geba River|Geba]] estuary, qiyaastii {{convert|50|km}} kor u qaadista magaalada [[Bissau]]. Masaafad gaaban, wuxuu sameeyaa xudduudda caalamiga ah ee u dhaxaysa Guinea iyo Guinea-Bissau. Wuxuu u qulqulaa inta u dhaxaysa xudduudda koonfureed ee [[Bafatá Region|Bafatá]] iyo gobollada [[Quinara Region|Quinará]] iyo [[Tombali Region|Tombali]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Corubal River|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1481521/Corubal-River|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=28 Janaayo 2013}}</ref> Waa mid la mari karo oo ilaa magaalada Bafatá.<ref name=River/> Socdaalka Webiyada Corubal iyo Geba waxay kaloo u dhaqmeen sidii [[Biofada]]’s [[Mandavan]] dariiqyada karawaannada si ay u qaadaan milix iyo [[Kola nut|kola]] goosashada si loogu beddelo ganacsi dahab ah, ilaa koonfurta [[Mount Kōya|Koya]] ee Cape Mount Area.<ref name="Brooks2003">{{cite book|author=George E. Brooks|title=Eurafricans in Western Africa: Commerce, Social Status, Gender, and Religious Observance from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O2T8EAgAYiMC&pg=PA40|access-date=3 Janaayo 2013|year=2003|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=978-0-85255-489-0|pages=40–}}</ref> Biafada waa dhulka sare ee isku-xirka ee bangiga waqooyi ee Webiga Corubal iyo estuary-ga waa qiyaastii 10&nbsp;km ballac ahaan marka ay labada wabi isku xirmaan.<ref name="Brooks2003"/> == Haydrometri == Qulqulka wabiga waxaa la arkayay 18 sano (1977-1994) magaalada Saltinho, oo ku taal 200 kiiloomitir badda. Saldhigga Saltinho amont, qulqulka celceliska sannadlaha ah ee la arkay intii lagu jiray muddadaas wuxuu ahaa 304 m3/s ee aagga biyo-qabashada oo daboolaya 23,840 km2, in ka badan 90% dhammaan biyo-mareenka wabiga. Qoto-dheeraanta qulqulka waxay gaartay 404&nbsp;mm/sannadkii, taas oo loo tixgelin karo mid sarreeya.<ref name="GRDC2">{{Cite web |title=GHAASBasin437 - Saltinho amont|url=https://www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1815020.html|access-date=14 Juun 2026|website=www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu}}</ref> Rio Corubal wuxuu leeyahay qulqul sarreeya laakiin aad u qallafsan. Celceliska qulqulka bishiiba ee la arkay bishii Maajo (ugu yar) waa kaliya 8 m3/s, in ka badan 140 jeer ka yar celceliska bisha Sebtembar, markaas oo qulqulka uu ugu sarreeyo. Kala duwanaanshaha xilliyeedka ayaa sidaas darteed aad u sarreeya, taas oo muujinaysa qallafsanaan weyn. Muddo 18 sano ah oo la daawanayay, qulqulka bilaha ugu yar wuxuu ahaa 5.4 m3/ s, halka kan ugu sarreeyana uu ahaa 1,600 m3/s.<ref name="GRDC2" /> == Dhirta == Qaybaha hoose ee labada wabi, bangiyada waxay leeyihiin kaymo [[Mangrove]] iyo dhulal [[marshy]], kuwaas oo sidoo kale ay ku dhaceen kaneecada [[anopheles]]. Qaybaha sare ee wabiga biyo-mareenku wuxuu leeyahay [[savanna]] [[woodland]].<ref name="Brooks2003"/> == Dhirta xayawaanka== Inta badan dadka [[antelope]] ee Guinea-Bissau waxay ku yaallaan aagga Webiga Corubal-Dulombi.<ref name="East1999">{{cite book|last=East|first=Rod|title=African Antelope Database 1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=59Ci3C8BCmEC&pg=PA45|access-date=29 Janaayo 2013|year=1999|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-8317-0477-7|pages=45–}}</ref> [[Hippopotamus]] waxay samaystaan dad gooni ah.<ref name="Eltringham2010">{{cite book|last=Eltringham|first=S.K.|title=The Hippos|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0xvDQq7hZ8C&pg=PA139|access-date=29 Janaayo 2013|date=31 Janaayo 2010|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4081-2868-8|pages=139–}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Commons}} 7thdfrjfhrsg5qxv4er13g9705eskxn 0 48856 301594 2026-07-11T08:48:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301594 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Battle of Rio Nunez 1849.jpg|thumb|[[Rio Nuñez Incident]] ee 1849]] '''Webiga Nunez''' ama '''Rio Nuñez''' (Kakandé) waa wabi ku yaal [[Guinea]] kaas oo il-biyoodkiisu yahay buuraleyda [[Futa Jallon]]. Waxa kale oo loo yaqaannaa '''Webiga Tinguilinta''', oo magaceeda ka soo jeeda tuulo ku taal qulqulkeeda sare.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sur les Côtes du Sénégal et de la Guinée. Voyage du Chévigne|last=Rouck|first=J.|year=1925|location=Paris|pages= 155–175}}</ref> == Juqraafiga == [[File:Boké - Rio Nunez.jpg|thumb|Warshadda {{lang|fr|Compagnie coloniale}} ee [[Boké]], [[French Guinea]]]] Wuxuu u dhexeeyaa {{ill|Webiga Kogon|fr|Kogon (fleuve)}} oo ku yaal waqooyiga iyo [[Webiga Pongo (Guinea)|Webiga Pongo]] oo ku yaal koonfurta, Nunez wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] magaalada dekedda ah ee [[Port Kamsar|Kamsar]], oo ku taal xeebta Guinea-Conakry. Wabigu wuxuu bararaa sannad walba xilliga roobka, wuxuuna abuuraa dhulal daad ah iyo qoyan gudaha ah. Dhulalkan daadka ah waxaa deggan dadka [[Nalu people|Nalu]] iyo [[Baga people|Baga]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Coffinières de Nordeck|date=1886|title=Voyage aux pays des Baga et du Rio Nunez par M. le Lieutenant de Vaisseau Coffinières de Nordeck, commandant 'Le Goëland'|journal=Le Tour du Monde|pages= 273–304}}</ref> Qiyaastii {{convert|40|miles}} oo gudaha ah waa magaalada [[Boké]]; oo ah tan ugu weyn wabiga iyo xarunta ugu weyn ee ganacsiga ee Guinea. Halkaan wabigu wuxuu leeyahay 100m ballac ah iyo 1m qoto dheer.<ref name=fieldsblack2008/><ref name=ngia2005/> Kor u kaca Boké, wabiga gacmeedka ah wuxuu dhex maraa buuro hoose oo leh taxane badan oo hirar ah iyo kooxo jasiirado yaryar ah ilaa il-biyoodkiisa, oo ah isku-xirka dhowr durdurro yaryar ah. === Iskuduwaha === {{PoI start}} {{PoI|Isha|10.891|-14.018|GIN|}} {{PoI|Belidima|11.017|-14.015|GIN|}} {{PoI|Boké|10.97|-14.2887|GIN|}} {{PoI|Afka/Port Kamsar|10.6708|-14.625|GIN|}} {{PoI end}} == Taariikh == [[File:Rio-Nunez estuary.jpg|thumb|Muuqaalka estuary-ga Rio Nunez, 1861]] Kahor 1840, wabigan wuxuu u adeegay sidii suuq loogu talagalay karawaannada addoonsiga ee Fulbe kuwaas oo ka soo qaadi jiray addoomo [[Imamate of Futa Jallon]] ee Muslimka ah.<ref name=thomas1997/> Sanadkii 1793 Kabtan Samuel Gamble oo ka tirsan [[Sandown (1788 ship)|Sandown]] ayaa lagu qasbay inuu raadsado ilaalin ka dhan ah doomaha dagaalka ee cadowga iyo burcad-badeedda ee qoyan-qoyan ee [[mangrove]] ee Rio Nunez intii lagu jiray [[French Revolutionary Wars]], halkaas oo maraakiibta ay ku hanjabeen dadka gaarka ah ee Faransiiska ee xeebta Galbeedka Afrika. Sababo aan la garanayn, wuxuu u safray tuulooyinka beeraha ee ku hareeraysan xarumaha ganacsiga ee [[Boké]] iyo [[Kacundy]]. Intii lagu jiray safarkiisa Gamble wuxuu diiwaan geliyay sharraxaaddii ugu horreysay ee la yaqaan ee beerista [[bariis]] ee la waraabiyo ee gobolka Rio Nunez (inkasta oo xisaab horudhac ah ay jiraan sida [[Diego Gomes (explorer)|Diego Gomes]] diiwaanka qarnigii 15-aad ee mangrove bariis beerashada oo ay la socdaan [[Webiga Gambia]], isagoo faahfaahinaya xisaabtiisa marqaatiga ee geeddi-socodka. Diiwaanadu waxay xaqiijinayaan iibsashadiisa labadaba [[bariis cas]] iyo bariis cad oo ka yimid beeralayda Rio Nunez.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fields |first1=Edda L. |title=Deep Roots: Rice Farmers in West Africa and the African Diaspora |year=2008 |url=https://archive.org/details/deeprootsricefar00fiel_236 |url-access=limited |publisher=Indiana University Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/deeprootsricefar00fiel_236/page/n21 3]-4}}</ref> Sanadkii 1849 wabigu wuxuu ahaa goobtii [[Rio Nuñez incident]], markii koox maraakiib dagaal oo Franco-Belgian ah ay rideen Boké, taas oo keentay in laba ganacsade oo Ingiriis ah ay lumiyaan hanti. Dhacdadu waxay ahayd mid aan natiijo lahayn. Intii lagu jiray 1870-meeyadii, wabigan wuxuu ahaa meel weyn oo loo dhoofiyo [[lows]], oo dhan 5,000 tan sannadkii. 1880-meeyadii, ganacsigu wuxuu u wareegay caag.<ref name=klein1998/> == Dadka == Ku hadla [[Rio Nunez languages]], [[Mbulungish language|Mbulungish]] iyo [[Baga Mboteni language|Baga Mboteni]], waxay ku nool yihiin afka Webiga Nunez.<ref name="Guldemann"/> == Tixraac == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name=fieldsblack2008>{{cite book | first=Edda L. | last=Fields-Black | year=2008 | page=[https://archive.org/details/deeprootsricefar00fiel_236/page/n50 32]&ndash;34 | title=Deep roots: rice farmers in West Africa and the African diaspora | url=https://archive.org/details/deeprootsricefar00fiel_236 | url-access=limited | series=Blacks in the diaspora | publisher=Indiana University Press | isbn=978-0-253-35219-4 }}</ref> <ref name=ngia2005>{{cite book | author=National Geospatial-intelligence Agency | page=239 | title=Prostar Sailing Directions 2005 West Coast of Europe & Northwest Africa Enroute | edition= 9th | publisher=ProStar Publications | year=2005 | isbn=1-57785-660-0 }}</ref> <ref name=klein1998>{{cite book | author=Martin A. Klein | author-link=Martin A. Klein | year=1998 | page=145 | title=Slavery and colonial rule in French West Africa | volume=94 | series=African studies series | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=0-521-59678-5 }}</ref> <ref name=thomas1997>{{cite book | first=Hugh | last=Thomas | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/slavetradestoryo00thom/page/683 683] | title=The slave trade: the story of the Atlantic slave trade, 1440-1870 | url=https://archive.org/details/slavetradestoryo00thom | url-access=registration | series=A Touchstone Book | publisher=Simon and Schuster | isbn=0-684-83565-7 }}</ref> <ref name="Guldemann">{{Cite book|title=The Languages and Linguistics of Africa|last=Güldemann|first=Tom|editor-last=Güldemann|editor-first=Tom|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton|chapter=Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa|year=2018|isbn=978-3-11-042606-9|doi=10.1515/9783110421668-002|location=Berlin|pages=58–444|series=The World of Linguistics series|volume=11|s2cid=133888593 }}</ref> }} {{Coord|10.5945|N|14.6751|W|source:wikidata|display=title}} {{kml}} {{Authority control}} i0cs9e22f63rw7wcdas7gv1nf20yh86 0 48857 301595 2026-07-11T08:50:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Designation list | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Rio Pongo | designation1_date = 18 November 1992 | designation1_number = 574<ref name="RSIS">{{Cite web|title=Rio Pongo|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/574|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} [[File:Guinea Coast OSM.jpg|right|thumb|330px]] '''Webiga Pongo''' ama '''Rio Pongo''' waa wabi ku shubma [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] meel u dhow [[Boffa, Guinea|Boffa]], [[Guinea]]. Il-biyoodkiisu wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Fouta Djallon]].<ref name=BPO>{{cite web|title=Africans, African Americans, Great Britain and the United States: The Curious History of the Rio Pongo in the Early 19th Century|url=http://www.blackpast.org/perspectives/africans-african-americans-great-britain-and-united-states-curious-history-rio-pongo-ea|website=Black Past.Org|accessdate=4 May 2015}}</ref> Aagga ku xeeran waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanay "Pongoland" ama "Bongo Country".<ref>Fiiri [https://search.lma.gov.uk/scripts/mwimain.dll/144/LMA_OPAC/web_detail?SESSIONSEARCH&exp=refd%20Z/PROJECT/BAL/M/P88/ALL1/011/0201 Samuel Crighton's Baptismal entry] oo ku yaal All Saints, [[Poplar, London|Poplar]], [[parish register]] ee [[London Borough of Tower Hamlets]] oo tixraacaya baabtiiska Samuel Crighton, oo ah wiilka [[William Fernandez]], oo ahaa boqor [[Luso-Africans|Luso-African]] ah oo deegaanka ah.</ref> == Deegaanka == Estuary-ga waxaa loo aqoonsaday goob [[Ramsar site]] tan iyo 1992.<ref name="RSIS"/> Goobta oo cabirkeedu yahay 30,000 ha waxay badanaa ka kooban tahay kaynta [[mangrove]] iyo deegaanno qoyan oo u dhexeeya [[mudflat]]. [[African manatee]] ayaa laga helaa. Goobta waxaa sidoo kale loo aqoonsaday [[Important Bird Area]] (IBA) hay'adda [[BirdLife International]] sababtoo ah waxay taageertaa dad aad u tiro badan oo [[waterbird]] ah.<ref name=bli>{{cite web |url= https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/rio-pongo-iba-guinea|title= Rio Pongo|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 2024-11-03}}</ref> == Taariikh == Rio Pongo wuxuu noqday aag muhiim u ah dhismaha warshadaha [[transatlantic slave trade]].<ref name=Mouser>{{cite journal|last=Mouser|first=Bruce L.|title=Trade, Coasters and conflict in the Rio Pongo from 1790 to 1808|journal=The Journal of African History|date=1973|volume=14|issue=1|pages=45–64|jstor=180776|doi=10.1017/s0021853700012160}}</ref> [[Sir George Collier, 1st Baronet|Sir George Collier]] wuxuu liis gareeyay 76 magac oo qoysas ah oo ku lug lahaa ganacsiga addoonsiga sannadkii 1820.<ref name="Transnational Family">{{cite book|first1=Bruce L. |last1=Mouser|editor1-last=Knörr|editor1-first=Jacqueline|editor2-last=Kohl|editor2-first=Christoph|title=The Upper Guinea Coast in Global Perspective |article=Towards a Definition of Transnational as a Family Construct: An Historical and Micro Perspective|date=2016|publisher=Berghahn Books.|location=New York|pages=21–39|url=http://www.berghahnbooks.com/title/KnoerrUpper|accessdate=15 October 2016}}</ref>{{rp|35}} Wuxuu ahaa commodore-kii [[British Empire|British]] [[West Africa Squadron]] intii u dhaxaysay 1818 iyo 1821, sidaas darteedna wuxuu abaabulay kormeerid ka dhan ah addoonsiga oo ka dhacay Webiga Pongo iyo aagagga kale ee ku xeeran. == Suugaanta == Qayb ka mid ah qorshaha novel-ka taariikhiga ah ''[[Anthony Adverse]]'' – iyo [[Anthony Adverse|film-ka laga sameeyay]] – ayaa inta badan lagu dejiyay Webiga Pongo, sannadihii ugu dambeeyay ee qarnigii 18-aad iyo sannadihii ugu horreeyay ee qarnigii 19-aad. Hal-abuurka buugga – nin dhalinyaro ah oo aventures ah oo aad u awood badan – ayaa ka yimaada Cuba, waqti yar gudihiisna wuxuu si shakhsi ah ula wareegayaa xakameynta ganacsiga addoonsiga ee wabiga. Wuxuu aruuriyaa hanti badan oo shakhsi ah, laakiin qiimaha uu ku noqonayo mid si sii kordheysa u musuqmaasuq ah. Ugu dambeyntii isagoo ka xanuunsaday addoonsiga, wuxuu u kicitimayaa aventures kale oo qaarado kale ah. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[http://www.diaspora.uiuc.edu/news0906/news0906.html African Diaspora Archaeology newsletter, Sept. 2006] *[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=6368&m=0# BirdLife International factsheet (Rio Pongo estuary, Guinea)] {{Authority control}} {{Coord|10|3|N|14|4|W|display=title}} j6e6siy3u6n3b4x2nu8qrz6ak7aund8 0 48858 301596 2026-07-11T08:52:17Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [[File:Pont sur la fatala.jpg|thumb|right|Buundo ku taal Webiga Fatala ee [[Boffa, Guinea|Boffa]]]] '''Webiga Fatala''' waa wabi ku yaal Lower Guinea. Wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay 205&nbsp;km, il-biyoodkiisuna wuxuu ku yaallaa gobolka [[Fria]]. Wuxuu leeyahay basin cabirkiisu yahay 6092&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> wuxuuna maraa [[Boffa Prefecture]]. Waa wabi laamo ah oo ka mid ah [[Rio Pongo]].<ref name="FEOW">{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Ashley |last2=Thieme |first2=Michele |title=Norther... 301596 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pont sur la fatala.jpg|thumb|right|Buundo ku taal Webiga Fatala ee [[Boffa, Guinea|Boffa]]]] '''Webiga Fatala''' waa wabi ku yaal Lower Guinea. Wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay 205&nbsp;km, il-biyoodkiisuna wuxuu ku yaallaa gobolka [[Fria]]. Wuxuu leeyahay basin cabirkiisu yahay 6092&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> wuxuuna maraa [[Boffa Prefecture]]. Waa wabi laamo ah oo ka mid ah [[Rio Pongo]].<ref name="FEOW">{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Ashley |last2=Thieme |first2=Michele |title=Northern Upper Guinea |url=https://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/511 |website=www.feow.org |publisher=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World |access-date=20 July 2021}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fatala River}} qvdxrz4d6nheidu36y9awtduzzb1zn4 0 48859 301597 2026-07-11T08:54:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301597 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Konkouré Bassin OSM.png|thumb|330px|Biyo-mareenka Konkouré]] '''Webiga Konkouré''' wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa galbeedka-dhexe ee [[Guinea]] wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Atlaantik]].<ref name=HDoG/> Biyo-xireenno dhowr ah oo ku yaal wabiga ayaa dalka siiya inta badan korontadiisa. == Juqraafiga == Wabigu wuxuu ka soo jeedaa gobolka buuraleyda [[Fouta Djallon|Futa Jallon]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhanka galbeed {{convert|303|km|abbr=on}} ilaa Badweynta Atlaantik waqooyiga [[Baie de Sangareya]] (Sangareya Bay)<ref name=HDoG>{{cite book |last1=Camara |first1=Mohamed Saliou |last2=O'Toole |first2=Thomas |last3=Baker |first3=Janice E. |title=Historical Dictionary of Guinea |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TfcKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA97 |access-date=22 Nofembar 2016 |date=7 Nofembar 2013 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9780810879690 |pages=195–196}}</ref> at 9°46'N, 14°19'W.<ref name=FAO>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/t0360e/T0360E07.htm |title= Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa Vol. 2: Country Files (Contd.): Guinea |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]}}</ref> [[Webiga Kakrima]] waa [[tributary|laantiisa]] ugu weyn.<ref name=FAO/> Delta-ga wabigu wuxuu daboolaa {{convert|320|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wolanski |first1=Eric |last2=Cassagne |first2=Bernard |date=Febraayo 2000 |title=Salinity intrusion and rice farming in the mangrove-fringed Konkoure River delta, Guinea |journal=Wetlands Ecology and Management |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=29–36 |doi=10.1023/A:1008470005880 |bibcode=2000WetEM...8...29W }}</ref> Maraakiibta ilaa {{convert|3|m|abbr=on}} qotoda ah ayaa u mari kara ilaa [[Konkouré]]; meeshaas ka baxsan, waxaa jira hirar biyo-dhac ah.<ref>{{cite book |author=National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency |author-link=National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency |title=NGA Sailing Directions-Enroute: 2008 West Coast of Europe and Northwest Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMDL-iCyOwwC&pg=PA240|date=1 Oktoobar 2009 |publisher=ProStar Publications |isbn=9781577858850 |page=240 |edition=11th }}</ref> == Deegaanka == Wabiga sare wuxuu dul maraa substrate dhagax leh oo leh hirar badan iyo biyo-dhacyo, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid aan ku habboonayn socdaalka, inkasta oo ay ka dhigayso mid ku habboon soo saarista korontada. Wabiga hoose waa mid gacmeed, qaab funaanad ah, mesotidal, [[mangrove]]-fringed, tide-dominated [[estuary]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Capo |first1=Sylvain |last2=Sottolichio |first2=Aldo |last3=Brenon |first3=I. |last4=Ferry |first4=Luc |date=Maajo 2006 |title=Morphology, hydrography and sediment dynamics in a mangrove estuary: The Konkoure Estuary, Guinea |journal=[[Marine Geology (journal)|Marine Geology]] |volume=230 |issue=3–4 |pages=199–215 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235967426 |doi=10.1016/j.margeo.2006.05.003 |bibcode=2006MGeol.230..199C }}</ref> Beeraha bariiska ayaa laga dhisay aagagga mangrove ee delta "iyada oo leh guul qaar ka mid ah".<ref>{{cite book|last=Saenger|first=Peter|title=Mangrove Ecology, Silviculture and Conservation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WUbrCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA290|date=29 Juun 2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9789401599627|pages=290–291}}</ref> === Duurjoogta === Wabigu wuxuu hoy u yahay 96 nooc oo kalluunka biyaha saafiga ah oo la diiwaan geliyay.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Smith |first1=Kevin G. |display-authors=etal |title=The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Western Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t63jrAxKykAC&pg=PA22|year=2009|publisher=IUCN|isbn=9782831711638|page=22}}</ref> Estuary-ga, oo ay weheliso qayb ka mid ah Sangareya Bay iyo afafka webiyada Konkouré iyo Bouramaya, ayaa loo aqoonsaday [[Important Bird Area]] (IBA) hay'adda [[BirdLife International]] sababtoo ah waxay taageertaa dad aad u tiro badan oo [[western reef egret]]s, [[pied avocet]]s iyo [[common redshank]]s. Waxay koobaysaa 28,000 ha oo mangroves, [[mudflat]]s, bank-yada ciidda iyo beeraha bariiska. [[African manatee]]s waxay ka dhacaan mangroves iyo [[common bottlenose dolphin]]s ee gacanka.<ref name=bli>{{cite web |url= https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/konkour%C3%A9-iba-guinea|title= Konkouré|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 2 Nofembar 2024}}</ref> == Biyo-xireennada == Sanadkii 1999, [[Garafiri Dam]] ayaa la furay iyada oo ku kacaysa $221 milyan; waxay soo saari kartaa {{convert|75|MW}} oo koronto ah.<ref name=HDoG/> Dhismaha {{convert|240|MW|adj=on}} [[hydroelectric]] biyo-xireen ku yaal wabiga u dhow Kaleta, [[Kaleta Hydropower Plant]], ayaa la dhammaystiray Juun 2015 waxaana la dhiibay 28 Sebtembar iyada oo ku kacaysa $526 milyan;<ref name=HW2015>{{cite journal |last1=Poindexter |first1=Gregory B. |date=1 Oktoobar 2015 |title=Guinea increases generating capacity with US$526 million 240-MW Kaleta hydroelectric facility |journal=HydroWorld |url=http://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2015/09/guinea-increases-generating-capacity-with-us-526-million-240-mw-kaleta-hydroelectric-facility.html }}</ref> {{convert|1545|m|ft|adj=mid|-long}} biyo-xireenka wuxuu ku yaallaa qiyaastii {{convert|120|km}}<ref name=Bloomberg>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-09-15/china-s-cwe-in-talks-to-build-2-billion-dam-in-guinea |title=China's CWE in Talks to Build $2 Billion Dam in Guinea |last1=Wild |first1=Franz |last2=Camara |first2=Ougna |date=14 Sebtembar 2015 |publisher=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> ama {{convert|85|mi}}<ref name=HW2015/> waqooyiga caasimadda [[Conakry]].<ref name=Bloomberg/> Sanadkii 2015, dawladda dhexe waxay qandaraas la gashay shirkado Shiinees ah si ay u bilaabaan dhismaha {{convert|550|MW|adj=on}} biyo-xireen (the [[Souapiti Hydropower Station]]), u dhow Souapiti, qiyaastii {{convert|2|km}} dheeraad ah kor, <ref name=Bloomberg/> kaas oo ku dhawaad labanlaabi doona wax soo saarka korontada Guinea qiime lagu qiyaasay $2 bilyan.<ref name=Hydroworld2015-09-23/><ref name=Hydroworld2015-12-28/> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waxay u baahan doontaa in 15,000 oo qof ay ka guuraan waxa noqon doona [[flood plain]].<ref name=Bloomberg/> == Tixraac == {{Reflist|30em|refs= <ref name=Hydroworld2015-12-28> {{cite news | url = http://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2015/12/cwe-breaks-ground-on-gunea-s-550-mw-souapiti-hydropower-project.html | title = CWE breaks ground on Guinea's 550-MW Souapiti hydropower project | publisher = HydroWorld magazine | author = Michael Harris | date = 28 Disembar 2015 | access-date = 19 Abriil 2016 | quote = The China International Water & Electric Corp. has broken ground on the 550-MW Souapiti hydropower project in Guinea. }} </ref> <ref name=Hydroworld2015-09-23> {{cite news | url = http://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2015/09/guinea-considering-chinese-partner-to-build-550-mw-souapiti-hydro.html | title = Guinea considering Chinese partner to build 550-MW Souapiti hydro | publisher = HydroWorld magazine | author = Elizabeth Ingram | date = 23 Sebtembar 2015 | access-date = 19 Abriil 2016 | quote = Souapiti, on the Konkoure River, is expected to cost about $2 billion, and its completion would almost double the country’s electricity generation output. }} </ref> }} {{Commons}} {{Coord|9.8306|N|13.7958|W|source:wikidata|display=title}} hcqbqcm7t7cn88u2i0e7gn5lt6uacd3 0 48860 301598 2026-07-11T08:56:38Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Mellacorée | image = | image_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] | subdivision_type1 = Waddanka | subdivision_name1 = [[Guinea]] | length = | source1_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = }} '''Webiga Mellacorée''' waa [[wabi]] gaaban oo ku yaal [[Guinea]]. Inta badan qaybtiisa hoose waa [[estuary]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Diop |first1=Salif |title=La côte ouest-africaine. Du Saloum (Sénégal) à la Mellacorée (Rép. de Guinée) |date=1990 |publisher=l'ORSTOM |location=Paris |pages=380 |language=fr |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1040793}}</ref> == Taariikh == '''Webiga Mellacorée''' wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah "Webiyada Koonfureed," dhul si tartiib tartiib ah u [[French conquest of Senegal|qabsadeen Faransiisku]] intii u dhaxaysay 1860 iyo 1880 waxaana la hoos geeyay maamulka guddoomiyaha [[History_of_Senegal#French_period|Senegal]] ka hor intaysan noqon gumeystihii [[Guinea]]. Xero millatari ayaa la aasaasay 1866 magaalada [[Benty]], oo ku taal afka webiga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brosselard-Faidherbe |first1=Henri |title=Casamance et Mellacorée. Pénétration au Soudan |date=1892 |publisher=Librairie illustrée |location=Paris |pages=106 |language=fr |url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_2/etudes_theses/40109.pdf}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mellacoree River}} rblij4ifuqptbnk3ijbiwmr9z7gs6ui 0 48861 301599 2026-07-11T08:58:22Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Great Scarcies | name_other = Kolenté | image = Great Scarcies Basin OSM.svg | image_size = 250px | image_caption = Khariidadda Biyo-mareenka Webiga Great Scarcies | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | source1_location = [[Fouta Djallon]], [[Guinea]] | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Guinea]]|[[Sierra Leone]]}} | length_km = 257 | length_ref = <ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | discharge1_location=Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg =(Xilligii: 1979–2015) {{cvt|13.37|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Basins">{{cite web|url=http://twap-rivers.org/indicators|title=River Basins|access-date=2024-01-29}}</ref> | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_coordinates ={{coord|8|54|00|N|13|11|00|W|display=inline}} | river_system= Webiga Great Scarcies | tributaries_left= | tributaries_right= | basin_size_km2 = 7,832 | basin_size_ref = <ref name="River Basins"/> }} '''Webiga Kolenté''' (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Webiga Great Scarcies''') waa wabi ku yaal [[Guinea]] iyo [[Sierra Leone]]. Wabigu wuxuu sameeyaa qayb ka mid ah [[Guinea–Sierra Leone border|xudduudda caalamiga ah]] ee u dhaxaysa labada waddan. Wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] meesha loo yaqaan Barlo Point, [[Sierra Leone]]. Gudaha Guinea, waxaa loo yaqaan Kolenté halka Sierra Leone, waxaa loo yaqaan Great Scarcies. [[Webiga Little Scarcies]] wuxuu ku shubmaa isla gacanka Badweynta Atlaantik ee koonfurta Webiga Great Scarcies. Aaggan waxaa degay [[Temne people|dadka Temne]] kuwaas oo ka soo haajiray [[Futa Jalon]] oo ku yaal waqooyiga.<ref name="short Fyfe">{{cite book|last=Fyfe|first=Christopher|title=A Short History of Sierra Leone|year=1962|publisher=Longmans|location=London}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{coord|9|16|N|12|54|W|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kolente River}} 3md3p1rcih9zl23ghxperdu04uthfzb 0 48862 301601 2026-07-11T09:00:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Little Scarcies | image = Kaba or Little Scarcies River Outamba Kilimi Park.JPG | image_size = 300px | image_caption = Webiga Little Scarcies ee [[Outamba-Kilimi National Park]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | source1_location = [[Fouta Djallon]], [[Guinea]] | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Guinea]]|[[Sierra Leone]]}} | length_km = 280 | length_ref = <ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | discharge1_location=Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg =(Xilligii: 1979–2015) {{cvt|30.52|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Basins">{{cite web|url=http://twap-rivers.org/indicators|title=River Basins}}</ref> | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_coordinates ={{coord|8|54|00|N|13|11|00|W|display=inline}} | river_system= Webiga Little Scarcies | tributaries_left= | tributaries_right= | basin_size_km2 = 18,552 | basin_size_ref = <ref name="River Basins">{{cite web|url=http://twap-rivers.org/indicators|title=River Basins}}</ref> }} '''Webiga Little Scarcies''' waa wabi ku yaal galbeedka [[Afrika]] kaas oo ka bilaabma [[Guinea]] uuna ku qulqulaa [[Sierra Leone]], ka dibna wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Atlaantik]]. Waxaa ku hareeraysan dhulal [[marsh]] oo ballaaran. Wabiga waxaa kale oo loo yaqaannaa '''Webiga Kaba'''. [[Webiga Great Scarcies]] wuxuu ku shubmaa isla gacanka Badweynta Atlaantik ({{coord|8|54|00|N|13|11|00|W|display=inline}}), wax yar uun koonfurta ka xigta afka Webiga Little Scarcies. Aaggan waxaa degay [[Temne people|dadka Temne]] kuwaas oo ka soo haajiray [[Futa Jalon]] oo ku yaal waqooyiga.<ref name="short Fyfe">{{cite book|last=Fyfe|first=Christopher|title=A Short History of Sierra Leone|year=1962|publisher=Longmans|location=London}}</ref> Qaab hore oo kale oo magaca ah ayaa ahaa '''Scassos''';<ref>Carl Bernhard Wadström, ''An Essay on Colonization, Particularly Applied to the Western Coast of Africa, with Some Free Thoughts on Cultivation and Commerce'' (Darton and Harvey, 1794), p. [https://archive.org/details/essayoncolonizat00wads/page/237 237].</ref> magaca Ingiriisiga waxaa laga soo qaatay Bortuqiiska ''Rio dos Carceres''.<ref>P. E. H. Hair (ed.), ''Hawkins in Guinea, 1567-1568'' (Leipzig: Institut fur Afrikanistik, Universitat Leipzig, 2000; {{ISBN|3932632656}}), p. 57: "The 'Causserus' is River Scarcies, an important waterway NW of the Sierra Leone estuary, whose local name was probably Kase but which became known to the Portuguese as first Rio de Case/Caces and then as Rio dos Carceres; hence, by English corruption, 'Scarcies'."</ref> == Qoraallo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} ibup4iz7s59bfa6w7xjx421ktobnv3o 0 48863 301602 2026-07-11T09:02:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Moa | image = Tiwai Island River.jpg | image_size = 250px | image_caption = Jasiiradda Tiwai ee Webiga Moa | map = Moa Basin OSM.svg | map_size = 250px | map_caption = Khariidadda Biyo-mareenka Webiga Moa | source1_location = [[Guinea Highlands]], [[Guinea]] | source1_elevation= {{cvt|930|m|abbr=on}} | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Guinea]]|[[Liberia]]|[[Sierra Leone]]}} | length = {{cvt|475|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast|access-date=2024-01-29}}</ref> | discharge1_location=Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg =(Xilligii: 1979–2015) {{cvt|32.94|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Basins">{{cite web|url=http://twap-rivers.org/indicators|title=River Basins|access-date=2024-01-29}}</ref> | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_coordinates = | river_system= Webiga Moa | tributaries_left=Ouaou, Mauwa | tributaries_right=Mafissa, Meli, Male | basin_size ={{cvt|19,560|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Basins"/> }} '''Webiga Moa''' ('''Webiga Makona''')<ref name=EB1911>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Liberia|volume=16 |page=539 |first=Harry |last=Johnston}}</ref> waa wabi ku yaal [[Galbeedka Afrika]]. Wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa buuraleyda [[Guinea]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed, isagoo sameeya qaybo ka mid ah xudduudaha Guinea–[[Liberia]] iyo Guinea – [[Sierra Leone]]. Wuxuu ku qulqulaa [[Southern Province, Sierra Leone|Gobolka Koonfureed]] ee Sierra Leone.<ref name=EB1911/> [[Yenga]], [[Jasiiradda Tiwai]] iyo [[Sulima, Sierra Leone|Sulima]] waxay ku yaallaan wabiga Moa. == Qoraallo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} {{coord|7.0192|N|11.5413|W|source:wikidata|display=title}} 6mjvzrep1fe8c4n8fdo9je5leopxzxt 0 48864 301603 2026-07-11T09:04:36Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [[File:USGS geologic map Guinea.png|thumb|400px|[[Geological map]] of Guinea oo muujinaysa marinka Tinkisso]] '''Webiga Tinkisso''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Guinea]] oo ku yaal galbeedka Afrika. Wabiga waxaa laga soo saaraa meel u dhow Dalaba oo ku taal silsiladda buuraha [[Fouta Djallon]], waqooyiga [[Mamou]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa qiyaastii waqooyi-bari ka dibna bari guud ahaan bannaannada Guinea, ilaa uu ka galo [[River Niger|Webiga Niger]] oo ku taal [[Siguiri]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=... 301603 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:USGS geologic map Guinea.png|thumb|400px|[[Geological map]] of Guinea oo muujinaysa marinka Tinkisso]] '''Webiga Tinkisso''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Guinea]] oo ku yaal galbeedka Afrika. Wabiga waxaa laga soo saaraa meel u dhow Dalaba oo ku taal silsiladda buuraha [[Fouta Djallon]], waqooyiga [[Mamou]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa qiyaastii waqooyi-bari ka dibna bari guud ahaan bannaannada Guinea, ilaa uu ka galo [[River Niger|Webiga Niger]] oo ku taal [[Siguiri]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Upper Niger |url=https://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/507 |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=www.feow.org}}</ref> Wabigu waa qiyaastii {{convert|250|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=off}} dherer ahaan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tinkisso River (River) • Mapy.com |url=https://mapy.com/en/turisticka?source=osm&id=1033975824&x=-10.3528044&y=10.9345415&z=7 |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=Mapy.com |language=en}}</ref> Wabiga iyo bannaannada ku xeeran waxaa loo aqoonsaday [[Ramsar site]] oo ay sameeyeen [[Niger Basin Authority]] iyo dawladda Guinea sannadkii 2002. Wabiga iyo laamihiisa waa hoyga noocyo ka mid ah [[manatee]]. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} *[http://www.ramsar.org/w.n.guinea_names6.htm Press release from the Ramsar Convention Bureau on the new wetland designation.] {{Niger River}} {{coord|11|21|16|N|9|09|49|W|region:GN-SI_type:waterbody_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} d8vpyi2964hqs7gyzhrfiityb1nr51x 0 48865 301605 2026-07-11T09:06:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Milo | native_name ={{native name|nqo|ߡߌߟߏ}} | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = 250 | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Guinea | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta afka uu ka galo Guinea <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddanka | subdivision_name1 = [[Guinea]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[River Niger|Webiga Niger]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|11|04|13|N|9|13|25|W|region:GN-SI_type:waterbody_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Milo''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Guinea]] oo ku yaal Galbeedka Afrika. Wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa buuraleyda [[Simandou]] meel u dhow [[Beyla]], wuxuu u qulqulaa qiyaastii {{convert|20|km}} koonfurta [[Siguiri]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa {{convert|300|km}} waqooyi, meeshaas oo uu ka noqdo mid ka mid ah [[Tributary|laamaha]] ugu muhiimsan ee [[River Niger|Webiga Niger]].<ref name=HDoG>{{cite book |last1=O'Toole |first1=Thomas |last2=Baker |first2=Janice E. |title=Historical Dictionary of Guinea |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kIiHwg3Y5u4C&pg=PA143 |date=16 March 2005 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9780810865457 |pages=143–144}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nemec jr. |first=Jaromir |title=Hydrological Forecasting: Design and Operation of Hydrological Forecasting Systems |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OnpyBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA137 |date=6 December 2012 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9789400946804 |page=137}}</ref> Boqortooyadii [[Baté Empire]] ee ka horaysay gumeysiga ayaa la aasaasay qarnigii toddoba iyo tobnaad waxaana ay ku taallay dooxada Webiga Milo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Osborn |first=Emily Lynn |title=Our New Husbands Are Here: Households, Gender, and Politics in a West African State from the Slave Trade to Colonial Rule |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5vFHBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |date=10 October 2011 |publisher=Ohio University Press |isbn=9780821443972|pages=1–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Parker|first1=John|last2=Reid|first2=Richard|title=The Oxford Handbook of Modern African History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ka9PAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT127|date=10 October 2013|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=9780191667558|page=127}}</ref> Xilligii gumeysiga, wabigu wuxuu ahaa waddo gaadiid oo qiimo leh, maadaama ay u socon kareen maraakiibta qotada dheer ee ka soo kacaya [[Kankan]] ilaa Webiga Niger.<ref name=HDoG/> == Tixraac == {{reflist|30em}} 9sqty4ynhnktucwlw7e8lq7ekrj2wkw 0 48866 301607 2026-07-11T09:07:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301607 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Niandan''' waa laan ka mid ah [[Webiga Niger]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://mapcarta.com/17189802 | title=Niandan river | publisher=mapcarta.com | accessdate=2017-09-02}}</ref> [[File:Niandan.jpg|thumb|Webiga Niandan oo u dhow Kissidougou]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Portal|Afrika|Juqraafiga}} {{Coord|9.176302|-10.073358|display=title|format=dms}} 8w6zbsc7vmkdyghy79i9b31o5xjbyzw 0 48867 301608 2026-07-11T09:10:31Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301608 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mbini.PNG|thumb|right|Wabiga waxaa laga arki karaa koonfur-galbeed, Guji si aad u daawato]] '''Utamboni''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfur-galbeed ee dhulka weyn ee [[Equatorial Guinea]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa xudduudda [[Gabon]] wuxuuna qayb ka yahay [[Muni Estuary]], isagoo quudiya estuary-ga oo ay weheliyaan [[Webiga Mitimele]] (qaybta sare ee wabiga), iyo sidoo kale webiyada [[Mitong River (Equatorial Guinea)|Mitong]], [[Mandyani River|Mandyani]], [[Congue River|Congue]], iyo [[Mven River|Mven]].<ref name="HughesHughes1992">{{cite book|last1=Hughes|first1=R. H.|last2=Hughes|first2=J. S.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA501|access-date=30 March 2012|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5|page=501}}</ref><ref name="Sundiata1990">{{cite book|last=Sundiata|first=I. K.|title=Equatorial Guinea: colonialism, state terror, and the search for stability|url=https://archive.org/details/equatorialguinea0000sund|url-access=registration|access-date=30 March 2012|year=1990|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=978-0-8133-0429-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/equatorialguinea0000sund/page/6 6]}}</ref> Wabigu wuxuu noqdaa Webiga Utamboni xudduudka u dhaxeeya [[Gabon]]. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{coord|1|00|N|9|48|E|region:GQ_source:kolossus-eswiki|display=title}} 6261ig63116vp92gmud3d6v8rn1cqvq 0 48868 301610 2026-07-11T09:12:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301610 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Le Komo.JPG|thumb|Calaamad ku taal buundo ka mid ah Webiga Komo]] '''Webiga Komo''' (Af-Faransiis: ''Rivière Komo'', Af-Isbaanish: ''Río Komo'') waa wabi ku yaal [[Equatorial Guinea]] iyo [[Gabon]]. Wuxuu qulqulaa masaafo dhan {{convert|230|km}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Course sidekick |url=https://www.coursesidekick.com/geography/4210291 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=www.coursesidekick.com}}</ref> Wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa Equatorial Guinea qaybta koonfur-galbeed ee bannaanka [[Woleu-Ntem]].<ref name=":0" /> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan biyaha soo gala waxay ku jiraan dhulka Gabon. Laanta ugu weyn ee Webiga Komo waa [[Webiga Mbeya]]. Marinkiisa waxaa carqaladeeya caqabado juqraafiyeed oo soo saara biyo-dhacyo sida kuwa ku yaal [[Tchimbélé]] iyo [[Kinguélé]]. Kuwani waa ilo koronto oo biyood (hydroelectric) oo suurtagal u ah [[Libreville]].{{Cn|date=May 2024}} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Rivers of Gabon}} {{Commons}} b43dstx26efb6bd2f5u7znasze9d9oi 0 48869 301611 2026-07-11T09:14:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301611 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mbeya''' (sidoo kale '''Mbé''', '''Mbei''': Af-Faransiis: ''Rivière Mbeya'', Af-Isbaanish: ''Río Mbeya'') waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]] iyo [[Equatorial Guinea]]. Waa laan ka mid ah [[Webiga Komo]]. Biyo-mareenku wuxuu daboolaa {{convert|6940|km2}}, taas oo 93% ay ku taal Gabon (oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah [[Crystal Mountains National Park]]) inta soo hartayna ay ku taal Equatorial Guinea.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu/database/register/tables/IRB_africa.html |title=AFRICA |website=International River Basin Register |publisher=College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, [[Oregon State University]] |date=Luulyo 2012 |accessdate=10 Oktoobar 2017}}</ref> Shirkadda korontada iyo [[water industry|biyaha]] ee Gabon ee SEEG, oo ah shirkad hoos timaada [[Veolia]], ayaa ku shaqaysa laba biyo-xireen oo koronto-biyood ah oo ku yaal wabiga Kinguélé (58 MW) iyo Tchimbélé (69 MW).<ref>{{cite web |last=Connolly |first=Christina |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pbaaf765.pdf |title=Challenges to Establishing Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) in Gabon: A Case Study of the Mbé River Basin |publisher=[[Wildlife Conservation Society]] |date=Agoosto 2009 |accessdate=10 Oktoobar 2017}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|0.327|N|10.208|E|display=title}} ecuq7xoh1qc6g1vo47oktt5j4s7owya 0 48870 301612 2026-07-11T09:17:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Ogooué | image = Bassin versant de l'Ogooué-fr.svg | image_size = | image_caption = Biyo-mareenka Ogooué | source1_location = [[Kengue]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] | mouth = [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_location = [[Port Gentil]], [[Gabon]] | subdivision_type1 = Waddanka | subdivision_name1 = [[Gabon]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] | length={{cvt|1,200|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="Investigating links between rainfall variations in the Ogooué River basin and ENSO in the Pacific Ocean over the period 1940–1999">{{cite report|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-05/010084854.pdf|title=Investigating links between rainfall variations in the Ogooué River basin and ENSO in the Pacific Ocean over the period 1940–1999|last1=Sakaros|first1=Bogning|last2=Frédéric|first2=Frappart|last3=Gil|first3=Mahe|last4=Adrien|first4=Paris|last5=Raphaël|first5=Onguéné|last6=Fabien|first6=Blarel|last7=Fernando|first7=Niño|last8=Jacques|first8=Etame|last9=Jean-Jacques|first9=Braun|publisher=Copernicus, PIAHS|page=181-186|date=2021}}</ref> | source1_elevation = {{cvt|840|m|abbr=on}} | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-1.0272|8.8848|region:GA|display=inline}} | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | discharge2_avg =(Xilligii: 1971–2000){{cvt|4,485.4|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Central West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=192&catid=270&Itemid=179|title=Central West Coast|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}</ref> | basin_size={{cvt|225,217.5|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="Central West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=192&catid=270&Itemid=179|title=Central West Coast|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}</ref> |progression=[[Badweynta Atlaantik]] |river_system=Webiga Ogooué |extra = |discharge2_location=[[Lambaréné]] |discharge1_location=''Ogooué Delta'' |discharge2_min = {{cvt|1,610|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Evaluation Hidrologique de l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne Pays de Afrique l'Ouest">{{cite web|url=http://www.hydrosciences.fr/sierem/Bibliotheque/biblio/EvalHydroAfriqueOuestCameroun.pdf|title=Evaluation Hidrologique de l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne Pays de Afrique l'Ouest|year=1992}}</ref> |discharge2_max = {{cvt|9,440|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Evaluation Hidrologique de l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne Pays de Afrique l'Ouest">{{cite web|url=http://www.hydrosciences.fr/sierem/Bibliotheque/biblio/EvalHydroAfriqueOuestCameroun.pdf|title=Evaluation Hidrologique de l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne Pays de Afrique l'Ouest|year=1992}}</ref> |discharge3_location = [[Ndjolé]] |discharge3_min = {{cvt|1,200|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Evaluation Hidrologique de l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne Pays de Afrique l'Ouest">{{cite web|url=http://www.hydrosciences.fr/sierem/Bibliotheque/biblio/EvalHydroAfriqueOuestCameroun.pdf|title=Evaluation Hidrologique de l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne Pays de Afrique l'Ouest|year=1992}}</ref> |discharge3_avg =(Xilligii: 1971–2000){{cvt|3,194.8|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Central West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=192&catid=270&Itemid=179|title=Central West Coast|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}</ref> |discharge3_max = {{cvt|6,600|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Evaluation Hidrologique de l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne Pays de Afrique l'Ouest">{{cite web|url=http://www.hydrosciences.fr/sierem/Bibliotheque/biblio/EvalHydroAfriqueOuestCameroun.pdf|title=Evaluation Hidrologique de l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne Pays de Afrique l'Ouest|year=1992}}</ref> |discharge4_location = [[Lastoursville]] |discharge4_min = {{cvt|650|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Evaluation Hidrologique de l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne Pays de Afrique l'Ouest">{{cite web|url=http://www.hydrosciences.fr/sierem/Bibliotheque/biblio/EvalHydroAfriqueOuestCameroun.pdf|title=Evaluation Hidrologique de l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne Pays de Afrique l'Ouest|year=1992}}</ref> |discharge4_avg =(Xilligii: 1971–2000){{cvt|1,305|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Central West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=192&catid=270&Itemid=179|title=Central West Coast|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}</ref> |discharge4_max = {{cvt|2,800|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Evaluation Hidrologique de l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne Pays de Afrique l'Ouest">{{cite web|url=http://www.hydrosciences.fr/sierem/Bibliotheque/biblio/EvalHydroAfriqueOuestCameroun.pdf|title=Evaluation Hidrologique de l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne Pays de Afrique l'Ouest|year=1992}}</ref> |discharge5_location = [[Franceville]] |discharge5_min = {{cvt|122|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Evaluation Hidrologique de l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne Pays de Afrique l'Ouest">{{cite web|url=http://www.hydrosciences.fr/sierem/Bibliotheque/biblio/EvalHydroAfriqueOuestCameroun.pdf|title=Evaluation Hidrologique de l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne Pays de Afrique l'Ouest|year=1992}}</ref> |discharge5_avg = (Xilligii: 1953–1981){{cvt|253|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Evaluation Hidrologique de l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne Pays de Afrique l'Ouest">{{cite web|url=http://www.hydrosciences.fr/sierem/Bibliotheque/biblio/EvalHydroAfriqueOuestCameroun.pdf|title=Evaluation Hidrologique de l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne Pays de Afrique l'Ouest|year=1992}}</ref> |discharge5_max = {{cvt|520|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Evaluation Hidrologique de l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne Pays de Afrique l'Ouest">{{cite web|url=http://www.hydrosciences.fr/sierem/Bibliotheque/biblio/EvalHydroAfriqueOuestCameroun.pdf|title=Evaluation Hidrologique de l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne Pays de Afrique l'Ouest|year=1992}}</ref> |discharge1_avg =(Xilligii: 1971–2000){{cvt|5,148.05|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Central West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=192&catid=270&Itemid=179|title=Central West Coast|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}</ref> |discharge1_min={{cvt|1,950|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa Vol. 2">{{cite web|url= https://www.fao.org/3/t0360e/T0360E06.htm|title=Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa Vol. 2}}</ref> |discharge1_max ={{cvt|7,340|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} ({{cvt|13,500|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa Vol. 2">{{cite web|url= https://www.fao.org/3/t0360e/T0360E06.htm|title=Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa Vol. 2}}</ref> | tributaries_left = [[Webiga Letili|Letili]], [[Webiga Lebombi|Lebombi]], [[Webiga Lekedi|Lekedi]], [[Webiga Leyou|Leyou]], [[Webiga Lolo|Lolo]], [[Webiga Offoue|Offoue]], [[Webiga Ngounié|Ngounié]] | tributaries_right = [[Webiga Mpassa|Mpassa]], [[Webiga Lekoni|Léconi]], [[Webiga Sebe|Sebe]], [[Webiga Lassio|Lassio]], [[Webiga Dilo|Dilo]], [[Webiga Ivindo|Ivindo]], [[Webiga Nke|Nké]], [[Webiga Okano|Okano]], [[Webiga Abanga|Abanga]]}} '''Ogooué''' (ama '''Ogowe'''), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Webiga Nazareth, oo dhererkiisu yahay {{cvt|1,200|km|mi|abbr=on}}, waa wabiga ugu weyn ee [[Gabon]] ee ku yaal bartamaha-galbeedka Afrika iyo wabiga afraad ee ugu weyn Afrika marka loo eego mugga qulqulka, isagoo ka dambeeya oo keliya [[Webiga Kongo|Kongo]], [[Webiga Kasai|Kasai]] iyo [[Webiga Niger|Niger]]. [[Biyo-mareenkiisa]] (watershed) wuxuu soo saaraa ku dhawaad dhammaan waddanka Gabon, iyadoo qaar ka mid ah laamihiisu ay gaaraan [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]], [[Kameruun]], iyo [[Equatorial Guinea]].<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=275|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> == Juqraafiga == === Marinka === Isha Webiga Ogooué waxaa la helay sannadkii 1894-kii by [[Mary Kingsley]], oo ahayd sahamiye Ingiriis ah oo ku safartay bangiyada iyadoo isticmaalaysa [[maraakiibta uumiga]] iyo [[doonyo]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} Wabigu wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Bateke Plateau]] meel u dhow [[Kengue]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> Wuxuu u ordaa waqooyi-galbeed, wuxuuna galaa [[Gabon]] meel u dhow ''Boumango''. ''Poubara Falls'' waxay ku yaallaan meel u dhow [[Maulongo]]. Laga soo bilaabo [[Lastoursville]] ilaa [[Ndjole]], Ogooué waa mid aan la mari karin sababo la xiriira [[xawaaraha (rapids)]]. Magaalada dambe, wuxuu u ordaa galbeed, wuxuuna galaa [[Gacanka Guinea]] meel u dhow Ozouri, koonfurta [[Port Gentil]]. [[Webiga Delta|Ogowe Delta]] waa mid aad u weyn, oo dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii 100 km iyo ballaciisuna yahay 100 km. === Delta === Goob 30,000 ha ah oo ku taal delta-ga Webiga Ogooué, oo ay ku jirto qayb weyn oo ka mid ah Jasiiradda Mandji, ayaa loo qoondeeyay [[Goob Shimbireed Muhiim ah]] (IBA) by [[BirdLife International]] sababtoo ah waxay taageertaa dad aad u tiro badan oo ka mid ah noocyada shimbiraha badan.<ref name=bli>{{cite web |url= https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/ogoou%C3%A9-delta-and-mandji-island-iba-gabon|title= Ogooué delta and Mandji island|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 2024-12-01}}</ref> === Biyo-mareenka === Biyo-mareenka Ogooué waa {{cvt|223,000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}, kaas oo {{cvt|189,500|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} ama 85 boqolkiiba ay ku taal Gabon.<ref name="Africa: International River Basin register">{{cite web|url=https://www.cawater-info.net/twinbasinxn/africa_e.htm|title=Africa: International River Basin register}}</ref> Aagga Biyo-mareenka Webiga Ogooué iyadoo loo eegayo waddanka:<ref name="Africa: International River Basin register">{{cite web|url=https://www.cawater-info.net/twinbasinxn/africa_e.htm|title=Africa: International River Basin register}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable col1left" {{right}} ! rowspan=2 | Waddanka ! colspan=2 | Aagga ! rowspan=2 | % |- ! {{km2}} ! {{mi2}} |- |{{flag|Kameruun}} |{{convert|5,200|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} | 2.34 |- |{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |{{convert|2,000|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} | 0.89 |- |{{flag|Gabon}} |{{convert|189,500|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} | 84.98 |- |{{flag|Jamhuuriyadda Kongo}} | {{convert|26,300|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} | 11.79 |- | colspan="4" | |- | ''{{noflag|Ogooué wadarta guud ee biyo-mareenka}}'' | {{convert|223,000|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} | 100.00 |} Masaafada laga soo bilaabo afka wabiga:<ref name="PROSPECTION HYDRO-ÉLECTRIQUE GÉNÉRALE DES BASSINS DE L'OGOOUÉ ET DE LA NYANGA">{{cite report|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/39891005.pdf|title=PROSPECTION HYDRO-ÉLECTRIQUE GÉNÉRALE DES BASSINS DE L'OGOOUÉ ET DE LA NYANGA|page=75|date=1966|publisher=ÉLECTRICITÉ DE FRANCE (EDF)}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! Saldhigga ! Kiiloomitirka wabiga (rkm) ! Joogga (m) |- |[[Lambaréné]] |183 |12 |- |[[Webiga Ngounie|Ngounié]]* |196 |13 |- |[[Webiga Abanga|Abanga]]* |242 |20 |- |[[Ndjolé]] |280 |25 |- |[[Webiga Okano|Okano]]* |314 |40 |- |[[Webiga Ngolo|N'golo]]* |359 |72 |- |[[Webiga Offoue|Offoué]]* |424 |142 |- |[[Booué]] |451 |161 |- |[[Webiga Ivindo|Ivindo]] * |481 |180 |- |[[Webiga Dilo|Dilo]]* |503 |182 |- |[[Webiga Lolo|Lolo]]* |512 |186 |- |[[Webiga Lassio|Lassio]]* |535 |200 |- |[[Lastoursville]] |616 |226 |- |[[Webiga Sebe|Sébé]]* |685 |242 |- |[[Webiga Leyou|Leyou]]* |696 |243 |- |[[Webiga Lekoni|Léconi]]* |714 |248 |- |[[Webiga Lekabi|Lékabi]]* |725 |249 |- |[[Webiga Lebombi|Lébombi]]* |774 |270 |- |[[Webiga Mpassa|Mpassa]]* |802 |280 |- |[[Webiga Baniaka|Baniaka]]* |871 |426 |} <nowiki>*</nowiki>Webi isku biiray (confluence) Saldhigyada cabbiraadda ee Webiga Ogooué:<ref name="Central West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=192&catid=270&Itemid=179|title=Central West Coast|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" | Saldhigga ! rowspan="2" | Kiiloomitirka wabiga (rkm) ! rowspan="2" | Joogga (m) ! rowspan="2" | Biyo-mareenka (km<sup>2</sup>) ! rowspan="2" | Celceliska qulqulka (m<sup>3</sup>/s) * |- |- | colspan="5" | |- |''Ogooué Delta'' |0 |0 |225,217.5 |5,148.05 |- |[[Lambaréné]] |183 |12 |205,228.5 |4,485.4 |- |[[Ndjolé]] |280 |25 |160,106.9 |3,191.5 |- |[[Booué]] |451 |161 |130,931.4 |2,746.9 |- |[[Lastoursville]] |616 |226 |45,767.1 |1,305 |- |[[Franceville]] |802 |280 |8,570.2 |233.4 |- | colspan="5" | |- | colspan="5" |<sup>*</sup> Muddada: 1971–2000 |} == Qulqulka == {{Bar chart | title = Celceliska qulqulka sannadlaha ah ee Webiga Ogooué ee saldhigyada cabbiraadda. Muddada 1971 ilaa 2000.<ref name="Central West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=192&catid=270&Itemid=179|title=Central West Coast|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}</ref> | label_type = Muddada | data_type = Celceliska qulqulka (m<sup>3</sup>/s) | bar_width = 14 | width_units = em | data_max =5,150 | label1=Ogooué Delta | data1=5,148 | label2=Lambaréné | data2=4,485 | label3=Ndjolé | data3=3,192 | label4=Booué | data4=2,747 | label5=Lastoursville | data5=1,305 | label6=Franceville | data6=233 }} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" | Bisha ! colspan="3" | Celceliska qulqulka bilaha ah (m³/s) ee delta<ref name="SITE RAMSAR BAS OGOOUE">{{cite conference|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/GA1851RISformer_160316.pdf|title=SITE RAMSAR BAS OGOOUE|conference=Session de la Conférence des Parties contractantes|publisher=FDR|page=22|date=2008|location=Liberville, Gabon|last1=Mengue|first1=Medou|last2=Ondamba|first2=Ombanda|last3=Ndjokounda|first3=Come|last4=Mounganga|first4=Magloir-Désiré|last5=Bayani|first5=Emmanuel|last6=Mikala|first6=Rufin}}</ref><ref name="Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations">{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Hydrometeorology|doi=10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003<0660:EOFDFC>2.0.CO;2|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/hydr/3/6/1525-7541_2002_003_0660_eofdfc_2_0_co_2.xml|last1=Aiguo|first1=Dai|last2=Kevin|first2=E. Trenberth|title=Estimates of Freshwater Discharge from Continents: Latitudinal and Seasonal Variations|date=2002|volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=660–687|bibcode=2002JHyMe...3..660D }}</ref> |- ! Sannadaha qalalan ! Caadi ! Sannadaha qoyan |- |DEC–FEB |3,744.5 |4,285 |4,826.5 |- |MAR–MAY |4,883 |6,336 |7,789 |- |JUN–AUG |1,625.3 |1,997 |2,188.7 |- |SEP–NOV |6,935 |8,041 |9,147 |- | colspan="4" | |- |''Celcelis'' |''4,296.7'' |'''''5,142.25''''' |''5,987.8'' |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+ Qulqulka Webiga Ogooué (m<sup>3</sup>/s) ee saldhigga cabbiraadda [[Lambaréné]] (muddadii 1929–2017): ! Sannadka biyaha ! Ugu yar ! ''Celcelis'' ! Ugu badnaan ! rowspan="41" | ! Sannadka biyaha ! Ugu yar ! ''Celcelis'' ! Ugu badnaan |- |1929/30 |1,250 |''3,569'' |5,030 |1969/70 |2,193 |''5,386'' |9,533 |- |1930/31 |1,390 |''4,238'' |6,980 |1970/71 |1,649 |''4,214'' |8,220 |- |1931/32 |1,590 |''4,259'' |7,580 |1971/72 |1,739 |''3,826'' |6,871 |- |1932/33 |1,380 |''4,126'' |6,630 |1972/73 |1,720 |''4,199'' |7,100 |- |1933/34 |2,390 |''5,449'' |10,800 |1973/74 |1,570 |''4,252'' |8,260 |- |1934/35 |1,850 |''4,888'' |6,690 |1974/75 |1,670 |''4,642'' |8,940 |- |1935/36 |1,690 |''4,612'' |7,850 | colspan="4" |1975/76–1979/80: Xog la'aan |- |1936/37 |1,930 |''4,835'' |8,210 |1980/81 |1,550 |''4,290'' |7,820 |- |1937/38 |1,780 |''4,791'' |7,180 |1981/82 |1,740 |''4,100'' |6,900 |- |1938/39 |2,170 |''5,905'' |11,300 |1982/83 |1,140 |''3,520'' |8,550 |- |1939/40 |1,950 |''4,762'' |6,930 |1983/84 |902 |''4,230'' |6,530 |- |1940/41 |1,740 |''3,936'' |6,460 |1984/85 |2,200 |''4,670'' |7,610 |- |1941/42 |1,430 |''3,707'' |5,720 |1985/86 |1,610 |''4,060'' |6,800 |- |1942/43 |1,370 |''4,292'' |6,880 |1986/87 |1,580 |''3,690'' |7,160 |- |1943/44 |2,330 |''5,874'' |9,450 |1987/88 |1,970 |''4,940'' |8,880 |- |1944/45 |2,140 |''5,273'' |7,980 |1988/89 |1,780 |''4,700'' |9,810 |- |1945/46 |1,690 |''4,600'' |8,490 |1989/90 |2,060 |''5,030'' |10,800 |- |1946/47 |2,340 |''5,861'' |9,310 | colspan="4" |1990/91–1994/95: Xog la'aan |- |1947/48 |2,120 |''5,545'' |9,780 |1995/96 |1,300 |''4,450'' |8,310 |- |1948/49 |2,640 |''5,912'' |10,600 |1996/97 |1,320 |''4,216'' |6,510 |- |1949/50 |1,950 |''5,300'' |9,600 |1997/98 |1,110 |''3,661'' |6,300 |- |1950/51 |1,640 |''5,280'' |9,470 |1998/99 |1,290 |''3,595'' |7,940 |- |1951/52 |2,350 |''5,660'' |9,080 |1999/00 |1,280 |''4,798'' |8,350 |- |1952/53 |2,050 |''4,770'' |7,200 |2000/01 |1,290 |''3,971'' |7,770 |- |1953/54 |1,300 |''3,597'' |5,690 |2001/02 |1,200 |''4,629'' |8,260 |- |1954/55 |1,900 |''4,383'' |7,530 |2002/03 |1,570 |''4,722'' |8,030 |- |1955/56 |1,400 |''4,278'' |8,100 |2003/04 |1,900 |''3,703'' |5,590 |- |1956/57 |1,660 |''4,252'' |7,420 |2004/05 |1,350 |''3,717'' |6,020 |- |1957/58 |979 |''3,093'' |5,110 |2005/06 |1,500 |''4,695'' |8,640 |- |1958/59 |1,580 |''4,179'' |8,250 |2006/07 |1,740 |''4,883'' |8,720 |- |1959/60 |2,160 |''5,073'' |9,350 |2007/08 |1,640 |''5,112'' |11,170 |- |1960/61 |2,190 |''5,970'' |11,000 |2008/09 |2,520 |''5,850'' |9,180 |- |1961/62 |1,910 |''5,227'' |8,210 |2009/10 |1,480 |''3,985'' |7,260 |- |1962/63 |2,170 |''4,799'' |6,830 |2010/11 |1,510 |''3,690'' |5,790 |- |1963/64 |1,810 |''4,647'' |8,500 |2011/12 |2,190 |''4,038'' |9,420 |- |1964/65 |2,100 |''5,074'' |7,510 |2012/13 |960 |''3,931'' |7,270 |- |1965/66 |2,150 |''5,500'' |9,470 |2013/14 |1,420 |''4,588'' |8,370 |- |1966/67 |1,600 |''4,482'' |10,100 |2014/15 |1,090 |''3,890'' |6,930 |- |1967/68 |1,823 |''4,451'' |7,557 |2015/16 |980 |''3,794'' |8,090 |- |1968/69 |2,093 |''5,020'' |7,607 |2016/17 |1,510 |''3,846'' |6,490 |- | colspan="9" | |- | colspan="9" |Xigasho:<ref name="Global River Discharge Database">{{cite web|url=https://sage.nelson.wisc.edu/riverdata/keysearch.php?keyword=Ogoou%C3%A9&submit=Search|title=Global River Discharge Database}}</ref><ref name="The Ogooue River Gabon. Discharge reconstruction and evidence of equatorial climatic variations">{{cite report|title=The Ogooue River Gabon. Discharge reconstruction and evidence of equatorial climatic variations|last1=Gil|first1=Mahe|last2=J.|first2=Lerique|last3=Jean-Claude|first3=Olivry|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285569599|date=1990|volume=5|page=105-124|publisher=ORSTOM}}</ref><ref name="Contrasted Chemical Weathering Rates in Cratonic Basins: The Ogooué and Mbei Rivers, Western Central Africa">{{cite journal|last1=Moquet |first1=Jean-Sébastien |last2=Bouchez |first2=Julien |last3=Braun |first3=Jean-Jacques |last4=Bogning |first4=Sakaros |last5=Mbonda |first5=Auguste Paulin |last6=Carretier |first6=Sébastien |last7=Regard |first7=Vincent |last8=Bricquet |first8=Jean-Pierre |last9=Paiz |first9=Marie-Claire |last10=Mambela |first10=Emmanuel |last11=Gaillardet |first11=Jérôme |journal= Frontiers in Water|doi=10.3389/frwa.2020.589070|date=2021 |title= Contrasted Chemical Weathering Rates in Cratonic Basins: The Ogooué and Mbei Rivers, Western Central Africa|volume=2 |bibcode=2021FrWat...2.9070M |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Long-term Hydrological Variations of the Ogooue River Basin">{{cite journal|journal=Hydrology|doi=10.1002/essoar.10505633.1|title=Long-term Hydrological Variations of the Ogooue River Basin|date=2021|last1=Sakaros|first1=Bogning Dongue|last2=Frédéric|first2=Frappart|last3=Gil|first3=Mahe|last4=Fernando|first4=Niño|last5=Adrien|first5=Paris|last6=Joëlle|first6=Sihon|last7=Franck|first7=Ghomsi|last8=Fabien|first8=Blarel|last9=Jean-Pierre|first9=Bricquet|last10=Raphaël|first10=Onguéné|last11=Jacques|first11=Etame|last12=Frédérique|first12=Seyler|last13=Marie-Claire|first13=Paiz|last14=Jean-Jacques|first14=Braun|volume=105 |bibcode=2021esoar.10505633B |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348219681|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Modeling the Ogooué river discharge based on multi-missions altimetry data">{{cite conference|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348187946|title=Modeling the Ogooué river discharge based on multi-missions altimetry data|date=2018|conference=AGU Chapman Conference on Hydrologic Research in the Congo Basin|publisher=CTOH|location=Washington DC, USA|last1=Sakaros|first1=Bogning Dougue|last2=Frédéric|first2=Frappart|last3=Adrien|first3=Paris|last4=Fabien|first4=Blarel|last5=Fernando|first5=Nino|last6=Frédérique|first6=Seyler|last7=Gil|first7=Mahe|last8=Raphaël|first8=Onguéné|last9=Jacques|first9=Etame|last10=Marie-Claire|first10=Paiz|last11=Jean-Jacques|first11=Braun}}</ref><ref name="Investigating links between rainfall variations in the Ogooué River basin and ENSO in the Pacific Ocean over the period 1940–1999">{{cite report|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-05/010084854.pdf|title=Investigating links between rainfall variations in the Ogooué River basin and ENSO in the Pacific Ocean over the period 1940–1999|last1=Sakaros|first1=Bogning|last2=Frédéric|first2=Frappart|last3=Gil|first3=Mahe|last4=Adrien|first4=Paris|last5=Raphaël|first5=Onguéné|last6=Fabien|first6=Blarel|last7=Fernando|first7=Niño|last8=Jacques|first8=Etame|last9=Jean-Jacques|first9=Braun|publisher=Copernicus, PIAHS|page=181-186|date=2021}}</ref> |} == Laamaha == [[File:Ogooué.JPG|thumb|Webiga Ogooué]] [[File:Fan women and child, banks of the Ogoway.jpg|thumb|Haweenka Fan iyo ilmo, bangiyada Ogoway. Laga soo bilaabo Dhulka iyo dadka deggan, Afrika (la daabacay 1890-1893 [v.1, 1892] )]] Webiga Ogowe wuxuu helaa biyaha laamo badan oo ay ka mid yihiin: * [[Webiga Abanga|Abanga]], kaas oo ka soo kiciya buuraha [[Crystal Mountains National Park|Cristal]], meel u dhow [[Medouneu]] * [[Webiga Baniaka|Baniaka]] * [[Webiga Dilo|Dilo]] * [[Webiga Ivindo|Iyinda]], laanta ugu muhiimsan * [[Webiga Letili|Letili]] * [[Webiga Lassio|Lassio]] * [[Webiga Lebombi|Lebombi]] * [[Webiga Lekabi|Lekabi]] * [[Webiga Lekedi|Lekedi]] * [[Webiga Lekoni|Lekoni]], kaas oo u qulqula [[Akieni]] iyo [[Lékoni, Gabon|Leconi]] * [[Webiga Letili|Letili]] * [[Webiga Leyou|Leyou]] * [[Webiga Lolo|Lolo]] * [[Webiga Mbine|Mbine]] * [[Webiga Ngolo|Ngolo]] * [[Webiga Ngounie|Ngounie]] * [[Webiga Nke|Nke]] * [[Webiga Offoue|Offoue]] * [[Webiga Okano|Okano]], oo laantiisa ugu weyni ay tahay [[Webiga Lara]] * [[Webiga Mpassa|Mpassa]], kaas oo u qulqula [[Franceville]] * [[Webiga Sebe|Sebe]], kaas oo u qulqula [[Okondja]] * [[Webiga Wagny|Wagny]] {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+ Webiga weyn iyo laamaha waa (loo kala soocay si ka bilaabma afka ilaa kor): ! Laanta bidix ! Laanta midig ! Dhererka (km) ! Cabbirka biyo-mareenka (km²) ! Celceliska qulqulka (m<sup>3</sup>/s) |- | colspan="2" |''Ogooué'' |''1,200'' |''225,217.5'' |''5,148.05'' |- | colspan="5" |'''Ogooué Delta''' |- |Kolo | rowspan="2" | | |496.8 |13.33 |- |Nkomi |170 |5,816.6 |194.01 |- | |Akiri |20 |248.1 |8.91 |- | colspan="5" |'''Ogooué Hoose''' |- |Olimbé | | |1,352.9 |43.41 |- | rowspan="4" | |Lac Ompindi | |325.8 |12.28 |- |Alooué | |552 |21.45 |- |Mangoué | |992.5 |41.97 |- |Oronga | |1,248.6 |44.86 |- |Nkovié | rowspan="4" | | |521.8 |17.6 |- |Agouma | |1,983.3 |70.11 |- |Lac Zilé | |322.4 |9.15 |- |[[Webiga Ngounie|Ngounié]] |680 |32,636.7 |1,002.4 |- | |[[Webiga Mbine|Biné]] | |752.6 |21.03 |- |M'boumi | |109 |1,606.4 |35.38 |- | rowspan="2" | |[[Webiga Abanga|Abanga]] |226 |8,204.4 |190.31 |- |Missanga |32 |476.5 |9.88 |- | colspan="5" |'''Ogooué Dhexe''' |- |Lébé | | |376.5 |7.01 |- | |[[Webiga Okano|Okano]] |280 |11,257.2 |192.91 |- |Machoka | | |559.8 |9.78 |- | |[[Webiga Ngolo|Ngolo]] | |1,023.1 |14.62 |- |Mingoué | rowspan="4" | |113 |1,178.9 |21.17 |- |Leledi | |2,038.5 |33.23 |- |Lope | |378.9 |5.07 |- |[[Webiga Offoue|Offoué]] |235 |7,673.9 |166.63 |- | rowspan="3" | |[[Webiga Nke|Nké]] | |1,883.8 |26.04 |- |[[Webiga Ivindo|Ivindo]] |686 |63,201.4 |1,112.4 |- |[[Webiga Dilo|Dilo]] |190 |3,166 |54.3 |- |[[Webiga Lolo|Lolo]] | |240 |11,212.7 |278.17 |- | |[[Webiga Lassio|Lassio]] |160 |5,413.3 |114.44 |- | colspan="5" |'''Ogooué Sare''' |- |Lehibou | | |410.4 |9.81 |- | rowspan="3" | |Momba | |643.1 |15.34 |- |Ouolo | |640.7 |16.08 |- |[[Webiga Sebe|Sébé]] |292 |10,069.7 |236.97 |- |[[Webiga Leyou|Leyou]] | |134 |1,771 |69.82 |- | rowspan="2" | |[[Webiga Lekoni|Lékoni]] |252 |7,592.8 |344.36 |- |[[Webiga Lekabi|Lékabi]] | |1,542.3 |46.67 |- |[[Webiga Lekedi|Lekedi]] | rowspan="2" | |48 |1,244.5 |34.63 |- |[[Webiga Lebombi|Lébombi]] |91 |3,769.4 |106.89 |- | |[[Webiga Mpassa|Mpassa]] |163 |6,339.6 |312 |- |[[Webiga Baniaka|Baniaka]] | rowspan="2" | | |749.9 |21.38 |- |[[Webiga Letili|Letili]] | |1,682.1 |43.46 |- | |Loua | |361.6 |11.03 |- |Djoulou | rowspan="3" | | |509.3 |12.71 |- |Loungou | |481.4 |11.42 |- |Léfou | |382.7 |8.88 |- | |Djouéli | |377.8 |12.19 |- |Léouké | | |1,006.9 |23.32 |- | |Nsiele | |364.7 |14.06 |- | colspan="5" |Xigasho:<ref name="Central West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=192&catid=270&Itemid=179|title=Central West Coast|last=Eric|first=Tilman}}</ref><ref name="PROSPECTION HYDRO-ÉLECTRIQUE GÉNÉRALE DES BASSINS DE L'OGOOUÉ ET DE LA NYANGA">{{cite report|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/39891005.pdf|title=PROSPECTION HYDRO-ÉLECTRIQUE GÉNÉRALE DES BASSINS DE L'OGOOUÉ ET DE LA NYANGA|page=75|date=1966|publisher=ÉLECTRICITÉ DE FRANCE (EDF)}}</ref> |} == Deegaanka == Waxay inta badan ka kooban tahay [[kaymaha roobka]] oo aan la taaban oo leh xoogaa [[savanna|savanna grassland]] halkaas oo [[xilliga qallalan]] ee bartamaha sannadka uu yahay midka ugu dheer. Waxay hoy u tahay noole-kala duwanaansho sare. Saddexda nooc ee [[yaxaaska]] Afrika, tusaale ahaan, waxay ku jiraan wabiga: [[yaxaaska Niil]], [[yaxaaska yar (dwarf crocodile)]], iyo [[yaxaaska dhuuban-dhuuban (slender-snouted crocodile)]]. Sidoo kale waa nooca goobta ee catfish ''[[Synodontis acanthoperca]]''.<ref>{{FishBase |genus= Synodontis|species= acanthoperca| month = March| year = 2013}}</ref> == Dhaqaalaha == Ogooué waa mid [[la mari karo]] laga soo bilaabo [[Ndjole]] ilaa [[Gacanka Guinea|badda]]. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in qoryaha lagu keeno [[Port-Gentil|Dekedda Port Gentil]]. Biyo-mareenka Ogowe waxaa ku jira dhowr kayd oo waaweyn oo ilaalin ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[Lope National Park]]. Aagga ay biyuhu ku qulqulaan waxaa celcelis ahaan ka jira dadweyne dhan 4 qof halkii km². Magaalooyinka ku teedsan wabiga waxaa ka mid ah [[Ayem]], [[Adané]], ''Loanda'', [[Lambaréné]], [[Ndjole]], [[Booué]], [[Kankan]], [[Maulongo]], [[Mboungou-Mbadouma]], [[Ndoro]], [[Lastoursville]], [[Moanda, Gabon|Moanda]], iyo [[Franceville]] oo u dhow xudduudda Kongo. Magaalooyinka Kongo waxaa ka mid ah [[Zanaga]]. Sahamiyaha [[List of explorers|Yurub]] ee ugu horreeyay ee raadraaca wabiga ilaa isha uu ka yimaado wuxuu ahaa [[Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza]], oo ku safray aagga 1870-meeyadii.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} * Perusset André. 1983. Oro-Hydrographie (Le Relief) in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' oo uu hoggaaminayo The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 10-13. Paris, Faransiiska: Edicef. * Petringa, Maria. ''Brazza, A Life for Africa''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2006. {{ISBN|9781-4259-11980}}. Waxay sharraxaysaa sahamintii ballaaran ee Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza uu ku sameeyay biyo-mareenka Wabiga Ogoué. * [[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]. 2003. ''African Adventure Atlas'' Bogga 24,72. oo uu hoggaaminayo Sean Fraser. * Gardinier David. 1994. ''Historical Dictionary of Gabon 2nd Edition''. USA: The Scarercrow Press, Inc. * Direction General de L'Environnement.1999. ''Stratégie nationale et Plan D'action sur la biodiversité biologique du Gabon''. * ''The Atlas of Africa''. Bogga 201. by Regine Van Chi-Bonnardel. Jeune Afrique Editions. * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' oo uu hoggaaminayo The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14-15. Paris, Faransiiska: Edicef. == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons}} {{NSRW Poster|Ogowe}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20031110014559/http://earthtrends.wri.org/text/FRE/maps/301.htm Khariidadda World Resources Institute ee biyo-mareenka Ogooué] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120813015647/http://www.waterandnature.org/en/resources/publications/thematic-collection/facts-figures/watersheds-world Khariidadda biyo-mareenka Wabiga Ogoué ee Water Resources eAtlas] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20031020230344/http://www.mokelembembe.com/ Website ku saabsan ugaarsiga dinosaur-ka] {{Rivers of Gabon}} {{Authority control}} {{coord|2|40|S|14|30|E|source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ogooue River}} 1eo2f1hccc5gpg093wtnsf8p9qiy85b 0 48871 301614 2026-07-11T09:20:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ngounié | native_name = {{native name|fr|Rivière Ngounié}} | image = Gabun-karte-politisch.png | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Ngounié wuxuu maraa koonfur-galbeedka bartamaha Gabon, wuxuuna maraa [[Mouila]] | source1_location = [[Buuraha Chaillu]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] | mouth_location = [[Lambaréné]], [[Gabon]] | subdivision_type1 = Waddanka | subdivision_name1 = [[Gabon]] | length_km = 680 | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size_km2 = 33100 }} '''Webiga Ngounié''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Ngunyé''', [[Af-Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Ngounié'') waa [[webi]] mara koonfur-galbeedka bartamaha [[Gabon]]. Waa wabigii ugu dambeeyay ee ugu muhiimsan laamaha [[Webiga Ogooué]], isagoo labaad ka ah [[Webiga Ivindo|Ivindo]]. Wuxuu ka soo bilaawdaa [[Buuraha Chaillu]], xudduudda Kongo, ka dibna wuxuu u jeestaa waqooyi-galbeed, isagoo mara magaalooyinka [[Fougamou]], [[Sindara]] iyo [[Mouila]] ka hor inta uusan ku shubin Ogooué. == Etymology == Magaca wabiga, Ngounié, waa erey Faransiis ah oo laga soo qaatay "Ngugni", oo asal ahaan ay u isticmaali jireen dadka ku hadla [[Af-Vili]] aagga Samba Falls/[[Imperatrice Falls]] bartamihii 1800-meeyadii si ay ugu yeeraan xudduudda waqooyi ee degmadooda, "Nsina-Ngugni". Markii [[Robert Bruce Napoleon Walker]] iyo [[Paul Du Chaillu]] ay yimaadeen aagga, waxay qoreen "Ngouyai" ama "Ngunyé". Dadka ku hadla [[Gisir]] iyo [[Af-Punu]] ee Gabon waxay wabiga u yaqaanaan "Durembu-du-Manga", halka dadka ku hadla [[Apindji]], [[Eviya]] iyo [[Af-Tsogo]] ay u yaqaanaan Otembo-a-Manga. Dadka ku hadla [[Af-Kele (Gabon)|Kele]] waxay u yaqaanaan "Melembye-a-Manga". Qaybta hore ee magacyadan waxay la micno tahay "biyo" luuqadaha la siiyay, "manga" waxayna tilmaamaysaa geedaha timirta oo ka baxa bangigiisa. == Juqraafiga == [[File:Mouila-vue-ngounie.jpg|thumb|300px|Webiga Ngounié]] Webiga Ngounié, oo leh aag biyo-mareen ah oo dhan {{convert|33100|km2}}, waa laanta labaad ee ugu weyn [[Webiga Ogooué]]. Wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa [[Buuraha Chaillu]]. In dhan {{convert|60|km}}, wabigu wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfur ka dibna galbeed, wuxuuna sameeyaa xudduud la leh [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo|Kongo]]. Isku biirista Webiga Polo, wuxuu beddelaa jihada, isagoo u socda waqooyi-galbeed, ka hor inta uusan marin saddex biyo-dhac. Ka dib wuxuu aasaasaa bannaanka fatahaadda ee dooxada {{convert|220|km}} u dhexaysa [[Buuraha Moukande]] iyo [[Massif due Chaillu]]. Ka dib markii uu qalloocdo in ka badan {{convert|400|km}} dabaqa dooxada, wuxuu ku biiraa Ogooué ka hor [[Lambaréné]]. Horumarinta bannaanka fatahaadda waxay badanaa ka dhacdaa meelaha u dhexeeya Lébamba iyo Mouila, iyo mar kale laga soo bilaabo aagga Fougamou ilaa Ogooué ee Lambarene. Si taxadar leh, aagga dhulka fatahaadda dooxada ee lagu qiyaasay waa qiyaastii {{Convert|150000|ha}}. Bangiga bidix waxaa lagu gartaa carrada dhoobada bacaadka leh. Dooxada Webiga Ngounié waxaa lagu sameeyay inta u dhaxaysa buuraha Du Chaillu ee kaynta leh iyo Buuraha Ikoundou, waxayna leedahay dhir caws ah. Gobolka ku dhex yaal dooxadan waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa [[Gobolka Ngounié|Ngounié]]. [[Laamihiisa]] waxaa ka mid ah [[Webiga Louetsié|Louetsié]], oo mara [[Lébamba]] iyo [[Mbigou]]; [[Webiga Ikoy|Ikoy]], oo laamihiisa ugu waaweyn ay yihiin [[Webiga Ikobe]] iyo [[Webiga Oumba]]; [[Webiga Dollé|Dollé]], oo mara [[Ndendé]]; iyo sidoo kale webiyada [[Webiga Ogoulou|Ogoulou]], [[Webiga Ngongo|Ngongo]] iyo [[Webiga Ovigui|Ovigui]]. [[Imperatrice Falls]] (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Samba Falls, ama Empress Eugénie Falls), waa qiyaastii {{convert|10|m}} dherer ahaan. Waxay ku yaallaan qallooca wabiga ee [[Gobolka Ngounié]], {{convert|5|km}} u jira Fougamou. Halkaan, Ngounié wuxuu cabbiraa qiyaastii {{convert|150|m}} ballac ahaan wuxuuna ka kooban yahay jasiirado yaryar. Tani waxay ku dhex jirtaa Peneplain Chaillu, oo leh dhagaxyo granite gneiss iyo buuro iyo sidoo kale baysyo dhagax ah. == Cimilada == Cimiladu waxay ku sifoobtaa qoyaanka dhul-baraha. Celceliska heerkulku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa {{convert|23|-|28|C}}. Qoyaanka qaraabada ah ayaa caadi ahaan ka weyn 80%. Roobka sanadlaha ah waxaa lagu cabbiraa agagaarka {{convert|2000|-|2200|mm}}. Xilliyada roobka waxay dhacaan inta u dhaxaysa Sebtember–Diseembar iyo Maarso–Maajo. == Horumarinta Korontada == Awoodda korontada ee Webiga Ngounié ayaa la soo jeediyay in lagu taabto mashruuc koronto-biyood oo ku yaal Empress Eugénie Falls. Mashruuca waxaa loo qorsheeyay inuu noqdo 56 MW [[Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity|nidaamka biyaha-dhaca]] oo leh afar unug oo midkiiba yahay 14 MW awood. Laba unug oo dheeraad ah oo ah 14 MW ayaa sidoo kale loo qorsheeyay in la dhammeeyo 2015, sidaas darteedna wuxuu qaadayaa awoodda guud ee la rakibay ee saldhigga ilaa 84 MW. Mashruucu wuxuu isticmaalaa biyo-dhaca ugu weyn ee Empress Eugénie oo ah qiyaastii {{Convert|12|m}} iyo taxane ah qulqulatooyin oo dhererka wabiga ah {{Convert|2000|m}}, isagoo abuuraya madax guud oo ah {{Convert|20|m}} koronto-dhalinta. Juqraafiyadda aagga mashruuca waxay ka kooban tahay [[granite]] [[gneiss]] formations. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Bibliography == * [[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]. 2003. African Adventure Atlas Bogga 24,72. uu hoggaamiyo Sean Frase *{{cite book|last=Barret|first=Jacques|title=Géographie et cartographie du Gabon: atlas illustré|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQTFQgAACAAJ|date=1 January 1983|publisher=Editions classiques d'expression francaise|isbn=978-2-85069-301-4|pages=14–15}} *{{cite book|last=Gray|first=Christopher John|title=Colonial Rule and Crisis in Equatorial Africa: Southern Gabon, C. 1850-1940|url=https://archive.org/details/colonialrulecris0000gray|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/colonialrulecris0000gray/page/108 108]|year=2002|publisher=University Rochester Press|isbn=978-1-58046-048-4}} *{{cite book|last=Hickendorff|first=Annelies|title=Gabon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g99xBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA120|date=19 September 2014|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-554-6}} *{{cite book|last1=Hughes|first1=R. H.|last2=Hughes|first2=J. S.|last3=Bernacsek|first3=G. M.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA517|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5}} *{{cite book|last= Warne |first=Sophie |title=Gabon, São Tomé and Príncipe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wTCyVLanWZwC&pg=PA113|year=2003|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-073-2}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|0|47|38|S|10|29|21|E|type:landmark|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ngounie River}} mc28frja6bbp7y6fd5mq1vhquaugdve 301615 301614 2026-07-11T09:21:05Z Isma4l 41797 301615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ngounié | native_name = {{native name|fr|Rivière Ngounié}} | image = Gabun-karte-politisch.png | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Ngounié wuxuu maraa koonfur-galbeedka bartamaha Gabon, wuxuuna maraa [[Mouila]] | source1_location = [[Buuraha Chaillu]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] | mouth_location = [[Lambaréné]], [[Gabon]] | subdivision_type1 = Waddanka | subdivision_name1 = [[Gabon]] | length_km = 680 | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size_km2 = 33100 }} '''Webiga Ngounié''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Ngunyé''', [[Af-Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Ngounié'') waa [[webi]] mara koonfur-galbeedka bartamaha [[Gabon]]. Waa wabigii ugu dambeeyay ee ugu muhiimsan laamaha [[Webiga Ogooué]], isagoo labaad ka ah [[Webiga Ivindo|Ivindo]]. Wuxuu ka soo bilaawdaa [[Buuraha Chaillu]], xudduudda Kongo, ka dibna wuxuu u jeestaa waqooyi-galbeed, isagoo mara magaalooyinka [[Fougamou]], [[Sindara]] iyo [[Mouila]] ka hor inta uusan ku shubin Ogooué. == Etymology == Magaca wabiga, Ngounié, waa erey Faransiis ah oo laga soo qaatay "Ngugni", oo asal ahaan ay u isticmaali jireen dadka ku hadla [[Af-Vili]] aagga Samba Falls/[[Imperatrice Falls]] bartamihii 1800-meeyadii si ay ugu yeeraan xudduudda waqooyi ee degmadooda, "Nsina-Ngugni". Markii [[Robert Bruce Napoleon Walker]] iyo [[Paul Du Chaillu]] ay yimaadeen aagga, waxay qoreen "Ngouyai" ama "Ngunyé". Dadka ku hadla [[Gisir]] iyo [[Af-Punu]] ee Gabon waxay wabiga u yaqaanaan "Durembu-du-Manga", halka dadka ku hadla [[Apindji]], [[Eviya]] iyo [[Af-Tsogo]] ay u yaqaanaan Otembo-a-Manga. Dadka ku hadla [[Af-Kele (Gabon)|Kele]] waxay u yaqaanaan "Melembye-a-Manga". Qaybta hore ee magacyadan waxay la micno tahay "biyo" luuqadaha la siiyay, "manga" waxayna tilmaamaysaa geedaha timirta oo ka baxa bangigiisa. == Juqraafiga == [[File:Mouila-vue-ngounie.jpg|thumb|300px|Webiga Ngounié]] Webiga Ngounié, oo leh aag biyo-mareen ah oo dhan {{convert|33100|km2}}, waa laanta labaad ee ugu weyn [[Webiga Ogooué]]. Wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa [[Buuraha Chaillu]]. In dhan {{convert|60|km}}, wabigu wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfur ka dibna galbeed, wuxuuna sameeyaa xudduud la leh [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo|Kongo]]. Isku biirista Webiga Polo, wuxuu beddelaa jihada, isagoo u socda waqooyi-galbeed, ka hor inta uusan marin saddex biyo-dhac. Ka dib wuxuu aasaasaa bannaanka fatahaadda ee dooxada {{convert|220|km}} u dhexaysa [[Buuraha Moukande]] iyo [[Massif due Chaillu]]. Ka dib markii uu qalloocdo in ka badan {{convert|400|km}} dabaqa dooxada, wuxuu ku biiraa Ogooué ka hor [[Lambaréné]]. Horumarinta bannaanka fatahaadda waxay badanaa ka dhacdaa meelaha u dhexeeya Lébamba iyo Mouila, iyo mar kale laga soo bilaabo aagga Fougamou ilaa Ogooué ee Lambarene. Si taxadar leh, aagga dhulka fatahaadda dooxada ee lagu qiyaasay waa qiyaastii {{Convert|150000|ha}}. Bangiga bidix waxaa lagu gartaa carrada dhoobada bacaadka leh. Dooxada Webiga Ngounié waxaa lagu sameeyay inta u dhaxaysa buuraha Du Chaillu ee kaynta leh iyo Buuraha Ikoundou, waxayna leedahay dhir caws ah. Gobolka ku dhex yaal dooxadan waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa [[Gobolka Ngounié|Ngounié]]. [[Laamihiisa]] waxaa ka mid ah [[Webiga Louetsié|Louetsié]], oo mara [[Lébamba]] iyo [[Mbigou]]; [[Webiga Ikoy|Ikoy]], oo laamihiisa ugu waaweyn ay yihiin [[Webiga Ikobe]] iyo [[Webiga Oumba]]; [[Webiga Dollé|Dollé]], oo mara [[Ndendé]]; iyo sidoo kale webiyada [[Webiga Ogoulou|Ogoulou]], [[Webiga Ngongo|Ngongo]] iyo [[Webiga Ovigui|Ovigui]]. [[Imperatrice Falls]] (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Samba Falls, ama Empress Eugénie Falls), waa qiyaastii {{convert|10|m}} dherer ahaan. Waxay ku yaallaan qallooca wabiga ee [[Gobolka Ngounié]], {{convert|5|km}} u jira Fougamou. Halkaan, Ngounié wuxuu cabbiraa qiyaastii {{convert|150|m}} ballac ahaan wuxuuna ka kooban yahay jasiirado yaryar. Tani waxay ku dhex jirtaa Peneplain Chaillu, oo leh dhagaxyo granite gneiss iyo buuro iyo sidoo kale baysyo dhagax ah. == Cimilada == Cimiladu waxay ku sifoobtaa qoyaanka dhul-baraha. Celceliska heerkulku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa {{convert|23|-|28|C}}. Qoyaanka qaraabada ah ayaa caadi ahaan ka weyn 80%. Roobka sanadlaha ah waxaa lagu cabbiraa agagaarka {{convert|2000|-|2200|mm}}. Xilliyada roobka waxay dhacaan inta u dhaxaysa Sebtember–Diseembar iyo Maarso–Maajo. == Horumarinta Korontada == Awoodda korontada ee Webiga Ngounié ayaa la soo jeediyay in lagu taabto mashruuc koronto-biyood oo ku yaal Empress Eugénie Falls. Mashruuca waxaa loo qorsheeyay inuu noqdo 56 MW [[Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity|nidaamka biyaha-dhaca]] oo leh afar unug oo midkiiba yahay 14 MW awood. Laba unug oo dheeraad ah oo ah 14 MW ayaa sidoo kale loo qorsheeyay in la dhammeeyo 2015, sidaas darteedna wuxuu qaadayaa awoodda guud ee la rakibay ee saldhigga ilaa 84 MW. Mashruucu wuxuu isticmaalaa biyo-dhaca ugu weyn ee Empress Eugénie oo ah qiyaastii {{Convert|12|m}} iyo taxane ah qulqulatooyin oo dhererka wabiga ah {{Convert|2000|m}}, isagoo abuuraya madax guud oo ah {{Convert|20|m}} koronto-dhalinta. Juqraafiyadda aagga mashruuca waxay ka kooban tahay [[granite]] [[gneiss]] formations. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Buug qoraal == * [[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]. 2003. African Adventure Atlas Bogga 24,72. uu hoggaamiyo Sean Frase *{{cite book|last=Barret|first=Jacques|title=Géographie et cartographie du Gabon: atlas illustré|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQTFQgAACAAJ|date=1 January 1983|publisher=Editions classiques d'expression francaise|isbn=978-2-85069-301-4|pages=14–15}} *{{cite book|last=Gray|first=Christopher John|title=Colonial Rule and Crisis in Equatorial Africa: Southern Gabon, C. 1850-1940|url=https://archive.org/details/colonialrulecris0000gray|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/colonialrulecris0000gray/page/108 108]|year=2002|publisher=University Rochester Press|isbn=978-1-58046-048-4}} *{{cite book|last=Hickendorff|first=Annelies|title=Gabon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g99xBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA120|date=19 September 2014|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-554-6}} *{{cite book|last1=Hughes|first1=R. H.|last2=Hughes|first2=J. S.|last3=Bernacsek|first3=G. M.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA517|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5}} *{{cite book|last= Warne |first=Sophie |title=Gabon, São Tomé and Príncipe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wTCyVLanWZwC&pg=PA113|year=2003|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-073-2}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|0|47|38|S|10|29|21|E|type:landmark|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ngounie River}} nwxgk451o9yw3xgr0dvffyno5wom7fp 301616 301615 2026-07-11T09:21:17Z Isma4l 41797 301616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ngounié | native_name = {{native name|fr|Rivière Ngounié}} | image = Gabun-karte-politisch.png | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Ngounié wuxuu maraa koonfur-galbeedka bartamaha Gabon, wuxuuna maraa [[Mouila]] | source1_location = [[Buuraha Chaillu]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] | mouth_location = [[Lambaréné]], [[Gabon]] | subdivision_type1 = Waddanka | subdivision_name1 = [[Gabon]] | length_km = 680 | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size_km2 = 33100 }} '''Webiga Ngounié''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Ngunyé''', [[Af-Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Ngounié'') waa [[webi]] mara koonfur-galbeedka bartamaha [[Gabon]]. Waa wabigii ugu dambeeyay ee ugu muhiimsan laamaha [[Webiga Ogooué]], isagoo labaad ka ah [[Webiga Ivindo|Ivindo]]. Wuxuu ka soo bilaawdaa [[Buuraha Chaillu]], xudduudda Kongo, ka dibna wuxuu u jeestaa waqooyi-galbeed, isagoo mara magaalooyinka [[Fougamou]], [[Sindara]] iyo [[Mouila]] ka hor inta uusan ku shubin Ogooué. == Asalka magaca== Magaca wabiga, Ngounié, waa erey Faransiis ah oo laga soo qaatay "Ngugni", oo asal ahaan ay u isticmaali jireen dadka ku hadla [[Af-Vili]] aagga Samba Falls/[[Imperatrice Falls]] bartamihii 1800-meeyadii si ay ugu yeeraan xudduudda waqooyi ee degmadooda, "Nsina-Ngugni". Markii [[Robert Bruce Napoleon Walker]] iyo [[Paul Du Chaillu]] ay yimaadeen aagga, waxay qoreen "Ngouyai" ama "Ngunyé". Dadka ku hadla [[Gisir]] iyo [[Af-Punu]] ee Gabon waxay wabiga u yaqaanaan "Durembu-du-Manga", halka dadka ku hadla [[Apindji]], [[Eviya]] iyo [[Af-Tsogo]] ay u yaqaanaan Otembo-a-Manga. Dadka ku hadla [[Af-Kele (Gabon)|Kele]] waxay u yaqaanaan "Melembye-a-Manga". Qaybta hore ee magacyadan waxay la micno tahay "biyo" luuqadaha la siiyay, "manga" waxayna tilmaamaysaa geedaha timirta oo ka baxa bangigiisa. == Juqraafiga == [[File:Mouila-vue-ngounie.jpg|thumb|300px|Webiga Ngounié]] Webiga Ngounié, oo leh aag biyo-mareen ah oo dhan {{convert|33100|km2}}, waa laanta labaad ee ugu weyn [[Webiga Ogooué]]. Wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa [[Buuraha Chaillu]]. In dhan {{convert|60|km}}, wabigu wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfur ka dibna galbeed, wuxuuna sameeyaa xudduud la leh [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo|Kongo]]. Isku biirista Webiga Polo, wuxuu beddelaa jihada, isagoo u socda waqooyi-galbeed, ka hor inta uusan marin saddex biyo-dhac. Ka dib wuxuu aasaasaa bannaanka fatahaadda ee dooxada {{convert|220|km}} u dhexaysa [[Buuraha Moukande]] iyo [[Massif due Chaillu]]. Ka dib markii uu qalloocdo in ka badan {{convert|400|km}} dabaqa dooxada, wuxuu ku biiraa Ogooué ka hor [[Lambaréné]]. Horumarinta bannaanka fatahaadda waxay badanaa ka dhacdaa meelaha u dhexeeya Lébamba iyo Mouila, iyo mar kale laga soo bilaabo aagga Fougamou ilaa Ogooué ee Lambarene. Si taxadar leh, aagga dhulka fatahaadda dooxada ee lagu qiyaasay waa qiyaastii {{Convert|150000|ha}}. Bangiga bidix waxaa lagu gartaa carrada dhoobada bacaadka leh. Dooxada Webiga Ngounié waxaa lagu sameeyay inta u dhaxaysa buuraha Du Chaillu ee kaynta leh iyo Buuraha Ikoundou, waxayna leedahay dhir caws ah. Gobolka ku dhex yaal dooxadan waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa [[Gobolka Ngounié|Ngounié]]. [[Laamihiisa]] waxaa ka mid ah [[Webiga Louetsié|Louetsié]], oo mara [[Lébamba]] iyo [[Mbigou]]; [[Webiga Ikoy|Ikoy]], oo laamihiisa ugu waaweyn ay yihiin [[Webiga Ikobe]] iyo [[Webiga Oumba]]; [[Webiga Dollé|Dollé]], oo mara [[Ndendé]]; iyo sidoo kale webiyada [[Webiga Ogoulou|Ogoulou]], [[Webiga Ngongo|Ngongo]] iyo [[Webiga Ovigui|Ovigui]]. [[Imperatrice Falls]] (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Samba Falls, ama Empress Eugénie Falls), waa qiyaastii {{convert|10|m}} dherer ahaan. Waxay ku yaallaan qallooca wabiga ee [[Gobolka Ngounié]], {{convert|5|km}} u jira Fougamou. Halkaan, Ngounié wuxuu cabbiraa qiyaastii {{convert|150|m}} ballac ahaan wuxuuna ka kooban yahay jasiirado yaryar. Tani waxay ku dhex jirtaa Peneplain Chaillu, oo leh dhagaxyo granite gneiss iyo buuro iyo sidoo kale baysyo dhagax ah. == Cimilada == Cimiladu waxay ku sifoobtaa qoyaanka dhul-baraha. Celceliska heerkulku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa {{convert|23|-|28|C}}. Qoyaanka qaraabada ah ayaa caadi ahaan ka weyn 80%. Roobka sanadlaha ah waxaa lagu cabbiraa agagaarka {{convert|2000|-|2200|mm}}. Xilliyada roobka waxay dhacaan inta u dhaxaysa Sebtember–Diseembar iyo Maarso–Maajo. == Horumarinta Korontada == Awoodda korontada ee Webiga Ngounié ayaa la soo jeediyay in lagu taabto mashruuc koronto-biyood oo ku yaal Empress Eugénie Falls. Mashruuca waxaa loo qorsheeyay inuu noqdo 56 MW [[Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity|nidaamka biyaha-dhaca]] oo leh afar unug oo midkiiba yahay 14 MW awood. Laba unug oo dheeraad ah oo ah 14 MW ayaa sidoo kale loo qorsheeyay in la dhammeeyo 2015, sidaas darteedna wuxuu qaadayaa awoodda guud ee la rakibay ee saldhigga ilaa 84 MW. Mashruucu wuxuu isticmaalaa biyo-dhaca ugu weyn ee Empress Eugénie oo ah qiyaastii {{Convert|12|m}} iyo taxane ah qulqulatooyin oo dhererka wabiga ah {{Convert|2000|m}}, isagoo abuuraya madax guud oo ah {{Convert|20|m}} koronto-dhalinta. Juqraafiyadda aagga mashruuca waxay ka kooban tahay [[granite]] [[gneiss]] formations. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Buug qoraal == * [[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]. 2003. African Adventure Atlas Bogga 24,72. uu hoggaamiyo Sean Frase *{{cite book|last=Barret|first=Jacques|title=Géographie et cartographie du Gabon: atlas illustré|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQTFQgAACAAJ|date=1 January 1983|publisher=Editions classiques d'expression francaise|isbn=978-2-85069-301-4|pages=14–15}} *{{cite book|last=Gray|first=Christopher John|title=Colonial Rule and Crisis in Equatorial Africa: Southern Gabon, C. 1850-1940|url=https://archive.org/details/colonialrulecris0000gray|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/colonialrulecris0000gray/page/108 108]|year=2002|publisher=University Rochester Press|isbn=978-1-58046-048-4}} *{{cite book|last=Hickendorff|first=Annelies|title=Gabon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g99xBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA120|date=19 September 2014|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-554-6}} *{{cite book|last1=Hughes|first1=R. H.|last2=Hughes|first2=J. S.|last3=Bernacsek|first3=G. M.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA517|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5}} *{{cite book|last= Warne |first=Sophie |title=Gabon, São Tomé and Príncipe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wTCyVLanWZwC&pg=PA113|year=2003|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-073-2}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|0|47|38|S|10|29|21|E|type:landmark|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ngounie River}} nfwmvelo2ugrueazut3x23lnp9jc2mg 0 48872 301617 2026-07-11T09:23:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301617 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bassin versant de l'Ogooué-fr.svg|thumb|300px|Khariidadda]] '''Ikoy''', sidoo kale '''Dcoye''', (Af-Faransiis: ''Rivière Ikoy'') waa wabi ku yaal bartamaha-galbeedka [[Gabon]]. Waa laan ka mid ah [[Webiga Ngounié]] wuxuuna ku shubaa wabiga koonfur-bari ee [[Lambaréné]]. Wuxuu maraa degmooyinka [[Matèndè]], [[Dibuwa]], iyo [[Okobi]] waxaana bangiyadiisa ku nool qabaa'il ku hadla [[Af-Tsogo]]. Wabiga waxaa la aaminsan yahay inuu ku nool yahay makhluuq yaab leh oo la yiraahdo [[N’yamala]], oo ah makhluuq u eg [[dinosaure]] ka badan {{convert|30|ft|abbr=on}}. Dhakhtarka saaxirka ah ee Fang Michel Obiang ayaa sheegay inuu arkay sannadkii 1946 meel u dhow isgoyska uu la leeyahay Webiga Ngounié. Laamihiisa waxaa ka mid ah [[Webiga Ikobe|Ikobe]] iyo [[Webiga Oumba|Oumba]]. Dhanka juqraafiga, Ikoy Fault waa cillad la qeexay oo ku taal aaggan Gabon. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 01hfradyg7887d30plvcoa5acxdoh1d 0 48873 301618 2026-07-11T09:25:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301618 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pont sur Ogoulou.JPG|thumb|Buundada dul marta Ogoulou]] '''Webiga Ogoulou''' wuxuu ku yaal Gabon. Waa laan ka mid ah [[Webiga Ngounié]]. [[Yengué]] ayaa ku yaal agtiisa. [[Paul Belloni Du Chaillu]] ayaa wax ka qoray isaga. Wuxuu ka warbixiyay beero laws ah oo ku teedsan. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{coord|-2.0245|11.3177|format=dms|type:river_region:GA|display=title}} qyelen6ax5spx6uo5ax3s8kr73049vq 0 48874 301619 2026-07-11T09:27:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301619 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louetsi''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfur-galbeedka Gabon, kaas oo mara [[Gobolka Ngounié]]. Wuxuu maraa [[Bongolo, Gabon|Bongolo]], waxaana [[Bongolo Dam (Gabon)|Bongolo Dam]] oo wabiga saaran uu koronto-biyood siiyaa saddexda meelood ee hoose ee Gabon. Sanadkii 1993, buundo ay maalgelisay Mareykanka, Kanada iyo Faransiisku ayaa lagu dhawaaqay in lagu dhisayo Louetsi meel u dhow [[Lébamba]] iyadoo ku kacaysa CFA69.280m. Wadarta kharashka qorshaha waxaa lagu qiyaasay CFA281.745m. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{DEFAULTSORT:Louetsie River}} lw4uy1i2t8xlkh237hxdoca78b9mj8k 0 48875 301620 2026-07-11T09:29:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301620 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Mbine''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Waa mid ka mid ah laamaha [[Webiga Ogooué]]. == Tixraacyo == * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' led by The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. * Perusset André. 1983. Oro-Hydrographie (Le Relief) in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' led by The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 10–13. Paris, France: Edicef. qsqsmfc042t8ta5pxfe7z9h54acu4t9 0 48876 301622 2026-07-11T09:31:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Abanga | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Gabon | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu ka dhexgalo Gabon | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddanka | subdivision_name1 = [[Gabon]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|0|18|32|S|10|28|45|E|dim:200000_region:GA_type:river_source:Google_Earth|display=it}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Abanga''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Waa mid ka mid ah [[laamaha midig]] ee [[Webiga Ogooué]]. Wuxuu ka soo bilaawdaa Buuraha Cristal, meel u dhow [[Medouneu]]. Wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii 160 km. Wuxuu ku biiraa Webiga Ogooué meel u dhow magaalada [[Bifoun]]. == Guudmar == Webiga Abanga waa wabi ku yaal bartamaha Gabon iyo mid ka mid ah laamaha ugu muhiimsan ee dhanka midig ee Webiga Ogooué, oo ah nidaamka webiga ee ugu weyn dalka. Wuxuu ka soo bilaawdaa Buuraha Cristal meel u dhow Medouneu ee Gobolka Woleu-Ntem wuxuuna guud ahaan u qulqulaa koonfur-bari qiyaastii 160 km (99 mayl) ka hor inta uusan ku biirin Webiga Ogooué meel u dhow magaalada Bifoun. Wabigu wuxuu qayb ka yahay biyo-mareenka ballaaran ee Ogooué, oo ah mid ka mid ah nidaamyada hidrograafikada ee ugu weyn uguna muhiimsan Afrikata Dhexe. == Juqraafiga == Webiga Abanga waa laan ka mid ah dhanka midig ee Webiga Ogooué ee bartamaha Gabon. Wuxuu ka soo bilaawdaa [[Buuraha Cristal]] meel u dhow [[Médouneu|Medouneu]] wuxuuna guud ahaan u qulqulaa koonfur-bari qiyaastii 160 km ka hor inta uusan ku biirin Webiga Ogooué meel u dhow magaalada Bifoun. Wabigu wuxuu daadiyaa qayb ka mid ah kaynta roobka ee qoyan ee bartamaha-waqooyi ee Gabon. Biyo-mareenkiisu wuxuu helaa roobab sanadle ah oo badan, taas oo gacan ka geysata qulqulka wabiga oo xasilloon inta badan sanadka marka la barbar dhigo webiyada ku yaal cimilada kulaylaha ee xilliyeed. Abanga wuxuu ku daraa [[biyo macaan]], [[sediment]] iyo [[maaddooyinka dabiiciga ah]] nidaamka Webiga Ogooué, isagoo taageeraya deegaannada biyaha ee lagu garto gobolka kaynta roobka ee Congo-Guinean. Abanga waxaa lagu qoray liiska laamaha waaweyn ee midig ee Ogooué oo ay weheliyaan webiyada Ivindo, Okano iyo Nké. == Hidroloojiyada == Sababtoo ah Abanga wuxuu ku yaal aagga cimilada dhul-baraha ee Gabon, qulqulkiisa waxaa si xoog leh u saameeya roobabka badan ee loo qaybiyay laba xilli oo roobaad sannadkii. In kasta oo aan la aqoon saldhig hidrometric ah oo muddo dheer ka shaqeynayay wabiga laftiisa, daraasado hidroloojik ah oo ku saabsan Biyo-mareenka Ogooué ayaa muujinaya in laamaha ka soo qulqula Buuraha Cristal ay si weyn uga qayb qaataan qulqulka joogtada ah ee biyo-mareenka iyo isbeddelka qulqulka xilliyeed. Qaabaynta hidroloojikada ee dhowaan la sameeyay ayaa muujisay in qulqulka biyaha ee ku baahsan Biyo-mareenka Ogooué uu si dhow ugu xiran yahay isbeddelka roobka iyo isbeddelka cimilada ee baaxadda leh, oo ay ku jiraan El Niño–Southern Oscillation, taas oo soo jeedinaysa in laamaha sida Abanga ay ka jawaabaan qaababka hydro-climatic ee gobolka oo ballaaran. == Deegaanka == Webiga Abanga wuxuu ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba dhex maraa kaymaha kulaylaha ee qoyan ee Gabon, oo ah mid ka mid ah gobollada kaynta roobka ee ugu dhibka yar Afrika. Biyo-mareenkiisu wuxuu qayb ka yahay muuqaalka kaynta Congo-Guinean, halkaas oo webiyadu ay bixiyaan deegaan loogu talagalay kalluunka biyaha macaan ee kala duwan, amfibiyada, xamaaratada iyo xubnaha biyaha ee aan lahayn lafdhabarta iyagoo sidoo kale u raraya sediment iyo maaddooyinka dabiiciga ah Webiga Ogooué. == Isticmaalka Aadanaha == Bulshooyinka ku nool agagaarka Webiga Abanga waxay ku tiirsan yihiin biyahaas isticmaalka gudaha, kalluumaysiga farsamada gacanta iyo gaadiidka maxalliga ah. Kaymaha ku xeeran waxay sidoo kale taageeraan hawlaha kaynta, inkastoo biyo-mareenku uu weli aad uga magaalo-yaryahay nidaamyada kale ee webiga ee Afrikata Dhexe. Sababo la xiriira goobta uu ku yaal Biyo-mareenka Ogooué, wabigu wuxuu si dadban uga qayb qaataa muhiimadda deegaanka iyo dhaqaalaha ee biyo-mareenka ugu weyn Gabon. == Muhiimadda Sayniska == In kasta oo Webiga Abanga uu helay fiiro gaar ah oo saynis ah oo isbarbardhig yar, haddana waxaa si joogto ah loogu darayaa daraasadaha hidroloojikada, cimilada iyo biogeochemical ee biyo-mareenka Ogooué. Baaritaannadan ayaa hagaajiyay fahamka hidroloojiyada webiga kulaylaha, dhaqdhaqaaqa fatahaadda, gaadiidka kaarboonka iyo saameynta isbeddelka cimilada ee mid ka mid ah nidaamyada webiga ee waaweyn ee Afrika. == Tixraacyo == <references /> {{Authority control}} ssyjswkii0vqmfhlsa4nd6uf0kbwe32 0 48877 301623 2026-07-11T09:33:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301623 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Okano''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Waa mid ka mid ah laamaha [[Webiga Ogooué]]. == Tixraacyo == * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' led by The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. * Perusset André. 1983. Oro-Hydrographie (Le Relief) in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' led by The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 10–13. Paris, France: Edicef. {{coord|0.29734|11.15609|type:river_globe:earth_region:GA|display=title}} 4pao79xyl7sfrklz2objv18owu0qbx8 0 48878 301626 2026-07-11T09:35:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301626 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Ngolo''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Waa mid ka mid ah laamaha [[Webiga Ogooué]]. == Tixraacyo == * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' led by The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. * Perusset André. 1983. Oro-Hydrographie (Le Relief) in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' led by The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 10–13. Paris, France: Edicef. 4rktytapoot3btsffd860q0n2jngxxi 0 48879 301628 2026-07-11T09:37:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301628 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Offoue''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Waa mid ka mid ah laamaha [[Webiga Ogooué]]. == Tixraacyo == * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' led by The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. * Perusset André. 1983. Oro-Hydrographie (Le Relief) in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' led by The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 10–13. Paris, France: Edicef. 6t13tsnyhpsyob4frlcaqbhriuqsz2a 0 48880 301630 2026-07-11T09:39:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301630 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Nke''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Waa mid ka mid ah laamaha [[Webiga Ogooué]]. == Tixraacyo == * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' led by The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. * Perusset André. 1983. Oro-Hydrographie (Le Relief) in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' led by The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 10–13. Paris, France: Edicef. 1gtmru1lvu519s4p10rphl9wqogbmjo 0 48881 301636 2026-07-11T09:51:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ivindo | native_name = {{native_name|fr|Rivière Ivindo}} | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = DIGITAL CROSSING - KONGOU 03.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Aragga biyo-dhaca Kongou. Shiinuhu waxay rabaan inay dhisaan biyo-xireen burburin doona biyo-dhaca. | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = Map of Invindo River OSM.png | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Waddada uu maro Ivindo (guduud) iyo laamihiisa | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Gabon | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu ka dhexgalo | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddanka | subdivision_name1 = [[Gabon]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|0|09|24|S|12|10|22|E|region:GA-6_type:waterbody_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=inline, title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Ivindo''' ([[Af-Faransiis|Faransiis]]: ''Rivière Ivindo'') waa [[laanta]] ugu muhiimsan ee [[Webiga Ogooué]], kaas oo mara [[Gabon]]. == Waddada == Webiga Ivindo wuxuu ka soo qulqulaa waqooyi-bari [[Gabon]] ilaa koonfur-galbeed, ugu dambayntiina wuxuu ku shubaa Webiga Ogooué. Wuxuu maraa qaar ka mid ah kaymaha roobka ee ugu duurjoogta iyo quruxda badan [[Afrika]]. Qaybta sare ee wabiga waa mid aad u deggan, isagoo ka soo qulqula bannaanka deggan ee bariga Gabon. Ka hooseeya magaalada [[Makokou]], oo ah magaalada kaliya ee muhiimka ah ee wabiga saaran, wuxuu ka soo dhacaa bannaanka isagoo samaynaya taxane biyo-dhacyo iyo godad cajiib ah. == Laamaha == * [[Webiga Djoua|Djoua]], kaas oo sidoo kale ah xuduud dabiici ah oo u dhaxaysa [[Gabon]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo|Kongo]] * [[Webiga Djadie|Djadie]], sidoo kale loo qoro [[Webiga Zadia|Zadia]], kaas oo mara [[Mekambo]] * [[Webiga Libumba|Liboumba]], oo laantiisa ugu weyn ay tahay [[Webiga Lodié]] * [[Webiga Mvung|Mvoung]], kaas oo mara [[Ovan, Gabon|Ovan]] laantiisa ugu weyna ay tahay [[Webiga Kuye]] * [[Webiga Oua|Oua]] * [[Webiga Bouinandjé|Bouinandjé]] * [[Karangwa|Karangoua]] == Sahaminta == Ivindo ee ka hooseeya Makokou waxaa markii ugu horreysay la maray safar biyo-socod ah sannadkii 1998. Tani waxay ahayd koox ka socotay [[Jackson Hole]], [[Wyoming]], oo ka koobnayd Chris Guier, Bruce Hayse, Louise Lasley, Marilyn Olsen, Rick Sievers iyo Howie Wolke. Kooxdu waxay la kulmeen afar biyo-dhac oo cajiib ah: [[Kongue]], [[Mingouli]], [[Tsengue Leledei]], iyo biyo-dhac aan la magacaabin oo u dhexeeya Mingouli iyo Tsengue Leledei kaas oo laga yaabo inuu ahaa kii ugu quruxda badnaa dhammaantood. Waxaa jiray qaybo badan oo biyo-socod ah, bangiyaduna waxay ahaayeen kuwo cajiib ah oo ay ku nool yihiin kooxo maroodiyaal ah oo aan cabsanayn iyo naasley kale oo mararka qaarkood la arko. == Xog kale == * [[Tareenka Trans-Gabon]] wuxuu leeyahay laba buundo oo dul mara [[isgoyska]] u dhexeeya webiyada Ivindo iyo Ogowe. * Inta badan aagga ku xeeran Ivindo waxaa la siiyay heerka Beerta Qaranka. == Sidoo kale eeg == {{Portal|Wetlands}} *[[Biyo-dhaca Kongou]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} * [[National Geographic (joornaal)|National Geographic]]. 2003. African Adventure Atlas Bogga 24,72. uu hoggaaminayay Sean Fraser * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. {{Authority control}} 6iyo8k9sx6ha5tfjwj2is9g9tju8vlo 0 48882 301637 2026-07-11T09:53:31Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301637 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Mvung''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Waa mid ka mid ah laamaha [[Webiga Ivindo]]. == Tixraacyo == * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. glvw5fna6f1a8a6s284bqynp3aw3vy7 0 48883 301638 2026-07-11T09:55:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301638 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Libumba''' ama '''Liboumba''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Waa mid ka mid ah laamaha [[Webiga Ivindo]]. == Tixraacyo == * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. dg0x58t8vky8l1965qdqhki0f3olmws 0 48884 301639 2026-07-11T09:56:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301639 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Oua''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Waa mid ka mid ah laamaha [[Webiga Ivindo]]. == Tixraacyo == * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. 8wmdf3d5iapnvepwge1aji3u35s9u1a 0 48885 301641 2026-07-11T09:58:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Zadié | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddanka | subdivision_name1 = [[Gabon]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates={{Coord|0.7712|14.3251|format=dms|region:GA|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Webiga Ivindo|Ivindo]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|0.7634|12.9658|format=dms|region:GA|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Webiga Ogooué|Ogooué]] | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Zadié''' (Af-Faransiis: ''Rivière Zadie'') waa [[laan]] ka mid ah [[Webiga Ivindo]] ee waqooyi-bari [[Gabon]]. == Tixraacyo == * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. {{DEFAULTSORT:Zadie River}} mkegmkhblq33p2e0kyx47v6k8p8g0re 0 48886 301642 2026-07-11T10:00:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301642 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bassin versant de l'Ogooué-fr.svg|thumb|300px|Djoua oo ku yaal biyo-mareenka Ogooue (Midigta sare)]] '''Webiga Djoua''' waa laan ka mid ah [[Webiga Ivindo]] oo ku yaal [[Gabon]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]]. Wabigu wuxuu ka soo bilaawdaa Kongo wuxuuna u qulqulaa galbeed, isagoo samaynaya qayb ka mid ah xuduudda caalamiga ah ee u dhaxaysa labada waddan. Wabigu waa mid ka mid ah laamaha waaweyn ee [[Webiga Ogooué]], oo ah wabiga 4-aad ee ugu weyn Afrika marka loo eego mugga qulqulka ka dib webiyada Kongo, Niger iyo Zambezi. nw7afzhpm68mvkh371tbn01qaqs9jw3 0 48887 301643 2026-07-11T10:02:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301643 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Aïna''' (Af-Faransiis: ''Rivière Aïna'') waa laan ka mid ah [[Webiga Ivindo]] oo ka soo bilaawda [[Kameruun]]. Waddada uu marayo wuxuu sameeyaa xuduudda u dhaxaysa [[Kameruun]] iyo [[Gabon]], ka dibna xuduudda u dhaxaysa [[Gabon]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]]. Dadka asaliga ah ee pygmies-ka ee ku nool agagaarka wabiga ayaa lagu xusay inay ka mid yihiin kuwa yar ee isticmaala geedka ''Strophanthus tholonii'' maaddo ahaan loo isticmaalo [[sunta fallaarta]]; noocyada kale ee Strophanthus ayaa si caadi ah loo isticmaalaa. == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Degmooyinka Kameruun]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Coord|type:event|format=dms|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ayina River}} fu6k96b1fro6jupqasva0g4zwfmwcsq 301644 301643 2026-07-11T10:02:29Z Isma4l 41797 301644 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Aïna''' (Af-Faransiis: ''Rivière Aïna'') waa laan ka mid ah [[Webiga Ivindo]] oo ka soo bilaawda [[Kameruun]]. Waddada uu marayo wuxuu sameeyaa xuduudda u dhaxaysa [[Kameruun]] iyo [[Gabon]], ka dibna xuduudda u dhaxaysa [[Gabon]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]]. Dadka asaliga ah ee pygmies-ka ee ku nool agagaarka wabiga ayaa lagu xusay inay ka mid yihiin kuwa yar ee isticmaala geedka ''Strophanthus tholonii'' maaddo ahaan loo isticmaalo [[sunta fallaarta]]; noocyada kale ee Strophanthus ayaa si caadi ah loo isticmaalaa. == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Degmooyinka Kameruun]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ayina River}} kh2zk5e1lawur88vfinszny9sfdsaga 0 48888 301646 2026-07-11T10:04:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301646 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Dilo''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Waa mid ka mid ah laamaha [[Webiga Ogooué]]. == Tixraacyo == * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. * Perusset André. 1983. Oro-Hydrographie (Le Relief) in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 10–13. Paris, France: Edicef. 14bixadfu2wk6o9xurw07uuzniqnqb6 0 48889 301647 2026-07-11T10:05:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301647 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Lolo''' (Af-Faransiis: ''Rivière Lolo'') waa wabi ku yaal Gabon, iyo mid ka mid ah laamaha [[Webiga Ogooué]]. Wuxuu ka soo bilaawdaa [[Buuraha Chaillu]]. Ka dib, wuxuu qaataa biyaha laantiisa ugu weyn ee [[Webiga Bouenguidi|Bouenguidi]] wuxuuna maraa [[Koulamoutou]], [[Gobolka Ogooué-Lolo|Ogooué-Lolo]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} * [[National Geographic (joornaal)|National Geographic]]. 2003. African Adventure Atlas Bogga 24,72. uu hoggaaminayay Sean Fraser. * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. ce0pik5f96n04tzo9jnt5osqgrod8pc 0 48890 301648 2026-07-11T10:07:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301648 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Wagny''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Waa mid ka mid ah laamaha [[Webiga Ogooué]]. == Tixraacyo == * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. * Perusset André. 1983. Oro-Hydrographie (Le Relief) in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 10–13. Paris, France: Edicef. {{coord|-0.5697|12.3207|type:river_globe:earth_region:GA|display=title}} glrdcjug6y0imjkjl87pk7qth1t2ian 0 48891 301649 2026-07-11T10:09:20Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301649 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Bouenguidi''' (Af-Faransiis: ''Rivière Bouenguidi'') waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Wuxuu ku shubaa [[Webiga Lolo]]. Webiga Bouenguidi wuxuu maraa [[Koulamoutou]]. Laantiisa ugu weyn waa [[Webiga Lebiyou]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. {{coord|1|08|S|12|29|E|display=title|region:GA_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} 5y40mjwzdmaifwxvhbx0huobsxfhxuj 0 48892 301650 2026-07-11T10:10:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301650 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Lassio''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Waa mid ka mid ah laamaha [[Webiga Ogooué]]. == Tixraacyo == * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. * Perusset André. 1983. Oro-Hydrographie (Le Relief) in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 10–13. Paris, France: Edicef. 4jgdkkt4f6gkshzv3l3oe9l6mo18yy3 0 48893 301652 2026-07-11T10:12:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301652 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Sébé (ama Sebe)''' (Af-Faransiis: ''Rivière Sébé'') waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Waa [[laan]] ka mid ah [[Webiga Ogooue]], wuxuuna maraa [[Okondja]], [[Haut-Ogooué]]. Laamihiisa u gaarka ah waa [[Webiga Loula]] iyo [[Webiga Lebiri]]. == Tixraacyo == * National Geographic. 2003. African Adventure Atlas Bogga 24,72. uu hoggaaminayay Sean Fraser * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef bnp1x0sb9fozormf0k89vt629shrutg 0 48894 301653 2026-07-11T10:14:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301653 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Leyou''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Waa mid ka mid ah laamaha [[Webiga Ogooué]]. == Tixraacyo == * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. * Perusset André. 1983. Oro-Hydrographie (Le Relief) in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 10–13. Paris, France: Edicef. 9c7wky3s834xu2g3ak5p6uf23kvht9p 0 48895 301655 2026-07-11T10:16:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301655 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Lekoni''' (Af-Faransiis: ''Rivière Lékoni'') waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Wuxuu maraa [[Akieni]] iyo [[Lekoni, Gabon|Lekoni]]. Webiga Leconi wuxuu ka soo bilaawdaa [[Bannaanka Batéké]] meel u dhow xuduudda [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]]. Waa laan ka mid ah [[Webiga Ogooue]]. Laantiisa u gaarka ah waa [[Webiga Lekey]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} * National Geographic. 2003. African Adventure Atlas Bogga 24,72. uu hoggaaminayay Sean Fraser * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef * Perusset André. 1983. Oro-Hydrographie (Le Relief) in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 10–13. Paris, France: Edicef. {{coord|1|11|S|13|16|E|display=title|region:GA_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} 29bpmhsnggs4h7hgmx62jvmzm22pi5w 0 48896 301656 2026-07-11T10:17:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301656 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Lekabi''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]] waana mid ka mid ah laamaha [[Ogooué]]. == Tixraacyo == * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. * Perusset André. 1983. Oro-Hydrographie (Le Relief) in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 10–13. Paris, France: Edicef. i5zza1f1f1b2vpmzz9bnxapie2ge4hr 0 48897 301657 2026-07-11T10:19:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301657 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Lekedi''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Waa mid ka mid ah laamaha [[Webiga Ogooué]]. == Tixraacyo == * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. * Perusset André. 1983. Oro-Hydrographie (Le Relief) in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 10–13. Paris, France: Edicef. kne879qjvxxmpf3k3ht1xvri06hxehx 0 48898 301658 2026-07-11T10:20:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301658 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Lebombi''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Waa mid ka mid ah laamaha [[Webiga Ogooué]]. == Tixraacyo == * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. * Perusset André. 1983. Oro-Hydrographie (Le Relief) in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 10–13. Paris, France: Edicef. ep5tiat5sd0q2np26qgyfozhvexpi51 0 48899 301659 2026-07-11T10:23:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301659 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Franceville (Haut-Ogooué)-Le passeur de la Passa..jpg|250px|thumb|Webiga Mpassa oo ku yaal [[Franceville]] qiyaastii 1900]] '''Webiga Mpassa''' (Af-Faransiis: ''Rivière Mpassa'') waa [[laan]] ka mid ah [[Webiga Ogooue]]. Wuxuu ku qulqulaa [[Gabon]], wuxuuna maraa [[Franceville]]. Laantiisa ugu weyn waa [[Webiga Ndjoumou]]. Webiga Mpassa wuxuu ka soo bilaawdaa [[Bannaanka Bateke]] meel u dhow xuduudda [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} * [[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]. 2003. African Adventure Atlas Bogga 24,72. uu hoggaaminayay Sean Fraser. * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef == Bibliography == *Maria Petringa, ''Brazza, A Life for Africa''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2006. {{ISBN|978-1-4259-1198-0}} {{coord|1|36|52|S|13|33|11|E|region:GA_source:kolossus-frwiki|display=title}} cmgsjd9y24ymg2hwjktkh4lfnxe16cd 0 48900 301662 2026-07-11T10:24:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301662 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Baniaka''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Waa mid ka mid ah laamaha [[Webiga Ogooué]]. == Tixraacyo == * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. * Perusset André. 1983. Oro-Hydrographie (Le Relief) in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 10–13. Paris, France: Edicef. {{coord|-1.97056|13.54472|display=title}} d0k1joaqobhiwi2xl8x578rcxycrpu9 0 48901 301663 2026-07-11T10:26:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301663 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rivers_of_Gabon_OSM.png | thumb | right | alt=Khariidadda muuqaalka dhulka ee webiyada Gabon | Khariidadda webiyada Gabon]] '''Webiga Letili''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Waa mid ka mid ah laamaha [[Webiga Ogooué]]. == Tixraacyo == * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. * Perusset André. 1983. Oro-Hydrographie (Le Relief) in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 10–13. Paris, France: Edicef. 9akfoyzoi9teaado4yrdikl1igb28kk 0 48902 301664 2026-07-11T10:28:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301664 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nyanga OSM.png|thumb|right|Dooxada Webiga Nyanga]] '''Webiga Moukalaba''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]]. Waa mid ka mid ah laamaha [[Webiga Nyanga]]. == Tixraacyo == * Lerique Jacques. 1983. Hydrographie-Hydrologie. in ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' uu hoggaaminayay The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Bogga 14–15. Paris, France: Edicef. dpo9qujfmqvo5lb5t99b9xsglfi23az 0 48903 301665 2026-07-11T10:31:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Sierra Leone | image = Freetown SPOT 1094.jpg | image_size = 250px | image_caption = Af-gudbada Webiga Sierra Leone | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8.504|-13.186|region:SL|display=inline,title}} | length_mi = 25 | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = |extra = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Sierra Leone River Estuary | designation1_date = 13 Diseembar 1999 | designation1_number = 1014<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sierra Leone River Estuary|website=[[Heshiiska Ramsar|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1014|access-date=25 Abriil 2018}}</ref>}} }} '''Webiga Sierra Leone''' waa [[af-gudbada]] webi ku yaal [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] dhanka galbeed ee [[Sierra Leone]]. Wuxuu ka samaysmaa [[Webiga Bankasoka]] iyo [[Webiga Rokel]], ballaciisuna waa inta u dhaxaysa 4 ilaa 10 mayl (6–16 km) dhererkiisuna waa 25 mayl (40 km). Wuxuu leeyahay dekedaha waaweyn ee [[Queen Elizabeth II Quay]] iyo [[Pepel]]. Af-gudbadani sidoo kale waa muhiim xagga maraakiibta. Waa dekedda dabiiciga ah ee ugu weyn qaaradda Afrika. Jasiirado dhowr ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[Jasiiradda Tasso]] (tan ugu weyn), Jasiiradda Tombo, iyo [[Jasiiradda Bunce]] oo taariikh ahaan muhiim u ah, ayaa ku yaal af-gudbadka.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9067679/Sierra-Leone-River "Sierra Leone River"] britannica.com</ref> == Garoonka Diyaaradaha Caalamiga ah ee Lungi == {{main article|Garoonka Diyaaradaha Caalamiga ah ee Lungi}} Webigu wuxuu kala qaybiyaa [[Freetown]], oo ah caasimadda Sierra Leone, taas oo ku taal dhinaca koonfureed ee dekedda, iyo garoonka diyaaradaha ee dalka, [[Garoonka Diyaaradaha Caalamiga ah ee Lungi]], kaas oo ku yaal dhinaca waqooyi ee dekedda, aag la yiraahdo "Bullom Shore." Habka ugu weyn ee gaadiidka ee ka yimaada garoonka diyaaradaha ee loo tago Freetown waa doonyaha xawaaraha ku socda ama parry-ga (markab yar). Adeegyadii Hovercraft iyo diyaaradaha qumaatiga u kaca hadda ma shaqeeyaan. == Deegaanka == {{Convert|2950|km2|mi2}} ee af-gudbada webiga Sierra Leone ayaa loo kala saaray dhul-qoyan oo caalami ahaan muhiim u ah [[Heshiiska Ramsar]] ee dhanka galbeed ee [[Sierra Leone]].<ref>UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (2004), waxaa la helay 10 Noofambar 2007</ref> Aaggu inta badan waa dhul-qoyan [[mangrove]] ah laakiin sidoo kale waxaa ku jira kaymo-qoyan oo biyo nadiif ah.<ref>Ramsar, waxaa la helay 10 Noofambar 2007</ref> Goobta waxaa sidoo kale u magacaabay [[Aagga Shimbiraha ee Muhiimka ah]] (IBA) ururka [[BirdLife International]] sababtoo ah waxay taageertaa dad aad u tiro badan oo ah shimbiraha [[Eurasian oystercatcher]], [[curlew sandpiper]] iyo [[hooded vulture]].<ref name=bli>{{cite web |url= https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/sierra-leone-river-estuary-iba-sierra-leone|title= Sierra Leone River Estuary|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2024|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 2024-11-06}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Aagagga la ilaaliyo ee Sierra Leone]] * [[Liiska Ramsar ee dhul-qoyanka muhiimka ah ee caalamiga ah]] {{Authority control}} eucsbvgb6np7uqudasn5vflxnogjnqy 0 48904 301666 2026-07-11T10:33:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Rokel | image = Freetown-aerialview.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = Freetown oo ku taal af-gudbada webiga | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = [[Loma Mountains]], [[Guinea Highlands]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Galbeedka Afrika]] | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Sierra Leone]] | location = | etymology = | length_km = 386 | length_ref = <ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | source1_elevation ={{cvt|900|m|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation ={{cvt|0|m|abbr=on}} | discharge1_location=Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg =(Muddadii: 1971–2000) {{cvt|546.9|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | basin_size_km2 = 10,622 | basin_size_ref = <ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | river_system = Webiga Rokel | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | name_other = {{Plainlist| * Webiga Seli * Webiga Pamoronkoh }} }} '''Webiga Rokel''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Webiga Seli'''; horey '''Webiga Pamoronkoh''') waa webiga ugu weyn Jamhuuriyadda [[Sierra Leone]] ee ku taal Galbeedka Afrika. Dooxada webigu waxay cabbirkeedu yahay {{cvt|10,622|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}, iyadoo qulqulka biyaha ay kala qaybiyaan buuraha Gbengbe iyo Kabala iyo [[Buuraha Sula]]. Af-gudbada oo fidsan aag dhan {{cvt|2,950|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} ayaa noqotay goob [[Heshiiska Ramsar|Ramsar]] oo muhiim u ah dhul-qoyanka sanadkii 1999.<ref name=Ramsar>{{Cite web|url=http://sites.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1SL001en_part1.pdf|title= Sierra Leone Estuary: Proposed Ramsar Site|accessdate=3 Luulyo 2013|publisher=Wetland Organization}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ramsar.org/pdf/sitelist_order.pdf|title=1014, Sierra Leone River Estuary |date=13 Diseembar 1999|accessdate=7 Luulyo 2013|publisher=Ramsar organization}}</ref> == Juqraafiga == Webiga Rokel wuxuu ka soo bilaawdaa {{convert|900|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} oo ah bannaanka sare ee [[Buuraha Loma]], ee [[Guinea Highlands]] ee waqooyiga dhexe ee Sierra Leone, wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhanka koonfur-galbeed qiyaastii {{convert|240|mi}} isagoo dhex mara safaf buuro ah, waxaana la socda wabi yar oo barbar socda oo la yiraahdo [[Port Loko Creek]], wuxuuna ku shubaa [[af-gudbada]] Rokel ka hor inta uusan gelin [[Badweynta Atlaantik]].{{sfn|Bird|2010|p=933}}<ref name=River>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/506982/Rokel-River|title=Rokel River|accessdate=3 Luulyo 2013|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Af-gudbada, ka dib markii ay ku biirto [[Webiga Bankasoka]], waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan [[Webiga Sierra Leone]], dhererkeeduna waa {{convert|25| miles|abbr=on}} ballacdana waa {{convert|4|–|10|mi}}. [[Freetown]] iyo [[Pepel]] waa labada dekedood ee ku yaal xeebaha af-gudbada.<ref name=Brit>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/543405/Sierra-Leone-River|title=Sierra Leone River| accessdate=3 Luulyo 2013|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Marka af-gudbaddu sii ballaarato oo ay ku biirto Atlaantik ballaceedu waa qiyaastii {{convert|11|km|abbr=on}}. Xeebta koonfureed ayaa ah tan ugu qotada dheer oo samaysa deked dabiici ah, taas oo la sheegay inay tahay tan saddexaad ee ugu weyn adduunka.<ref name=Ramsar/> Dhul-qoyanka Mangrove iyo meelaha dhoobada ah ayaa ah nidaamka deegaanka ee ugu muhiimsan (iyagoo ka kooban 19% kaynta mangrove ee dalka)<ref name=Ramsar/> oo laga xusay agagaarka [[ria]] ee webiga.{{sfn|Bird|2010|p=933}} Dooxada webiga cabbirkeedu waa {{convert|10622|km2}}, iyadoo qulqulka biyaha ay kala qaybiyaan buuraha Gbengbe iyo Kabala iyo buuraha Sula. Webiga Rokel wuxuu hoos u dhacaa {{convert|15|m}} biyaha dhaca ee Bumbuna.{{sfn|Brebbia|Popov|2013|p=45}} Noocyada Mangrove ee la diiwaangeliyay waa ''[[Rhizophora]]'', ''[[Avicennia]]'', ''[[Laguncularia]]'', iyo ''[[Conocarpus]]'', kuwaas oo daboolaya aag dhan {{Convert|34.23|ha}}.<ref name=Ramsar/> Caasimadda Sierra Leone ee [[Freetown]] waxay ku taal marinka Webiga Sierra Leone, qiyaastii {{convert|25|mi}} u jirta dekedda Pepel. == Juqraafiyadda Dhulka == Webiga Rokel iyo laamihiisa waxaa loo qeexay inay yihiin "Rokel River Group" si loogu sameeyo cilmi-baaris juqraafiyeed. Qaab-dhismeedka juqraafiyeed ee kooxdan ayaa la sheegay inay ka mid tahay [[Tabe formation]] iyadoo fadhiyada barafka ay ku badan yihiin dhinaca bari isla markaana ay ka muuqdaan webiga qaybo ka mid ah; qaab-dhismeedka juqraafiyeed ee laga xusay webiga waa dhagaxyada granite. Qaab-dhismeedku wuxuu si ballaaran ugu kala qaybsan yahay dhagaxyada sedimentary ee laalaaban. Waxa kale oo la sheegay in [[orogeny]] ay ka tirsan tahay xilliga Pan African thermo-tectonic ee qiyaastii 550 Ma.{{sfn|Hambrey|Harland|2011|pp=132, 133}} Juqraafi ahaan waa dooxad si farsamaysan loo xakameeyo oo leh qaabab ka tirsan xilliyada [[Precambrian]], [[Infra-Cambrian]] iyo [[Pleistocene]]. Webiga waxaa lagu xayiray buuraha Sula ee koonfur-bari iyo buuraha grantoid ee Gbengbe iyo Kabala ee galbeedka. Cascades-ka caanka ah ee webiga waxaa loo yaqaanaa biyaha dhaca ee Bumbuna halkaas oo webigu hoos u dhaco {{Convert|15|m}} taasoo u gogol xaareysa dhismaha mashruuc koronto-biyood.{{Sfn|Rosbjerg|1997|p=496}} == Taariikhda == [[John MacCormac (ganacsade)|John MacCormac]], oo ahaa ganacsade Irish ah, ayaa degay [[Jasiiradda Timbo, Sierra Leone|Jasiiradda Timbo]] sanadkii 1816 wuxuuna bilaabay dhoofinta [[Oldfieldia africana|Geedka African Oak]] ee ka yimaada Webiga Rokel.<ref name="DACB">{{cite web|title=McCormack, John|url=http://www.dacb.org/stories/sierraleone/mccormack_john.html|website=Dictionary of African Christian Biography|publisher=Center for Global Christianity and Mission|accessdate=10 Oktoobar 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011223122/http://www.dacb.org/stories/sierraleone/mccormack_john.html|archivedate=11 Oktoobar 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ganacsigu wuxuu ahaa mid aad u ballaaran muddo laakiin ugu dambeyntii wuu hoos u dhacay. Macdanta birta iyo dahabka alluvial ayaa bilaabmay dabayaaqadii 1920-yadii iyo horraantii 1930-yadii, iyadoo mashruuca koronto-biyoodka Bumbuna Falls uu socdo.{{sfn|Brebbia|Popov|2013|p=45}} Dadka [[Yalunka]] waxay caasimadooda, [[Falaba]], ka yisteen meel u dhow isha Rokel.{{sfn|Shillington|2004|p=922}} Af-gudbada, oo fidsan aag dhan {{Convert|2950|km2}}, ayaa lagu daray liiska Ramsar ee goobaha dhul-qoyanka muhiimka ah sanadkii 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sierra Leone becomes Ramsar's 118th Contracting Party |website=ramsar.org |date=15 Janaayo 2000 |url=https://www.ramsar.org/news/sierra-leone-becomes-ramsars-118th-contracting-party }}</ref><ref>United Nations Environment Programme: Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, (2007), bogga 41</ref> Goobta waxaa xad u ah Cape Point dhinaca galbeed ee Freetown, oo ay xad u tahay [[Webiga Bunce]] mid ka mid ah xeebaheeda, iyo [[Tagrin Point]] halkaas oo qaybaha Rokel ay ku biiraan dhinaca koonfureed ee afkeeda.{{sfn|Ramsar|}} Bishii Febraayo 2025, Thomas Mariee wuxuu dhammaystiray 365km oo safar keligiis ah oo uu ku maray Webiga Rokel muddo 17 maalmood ah. == Horumarinta == Qulqulka webiga Rokel waxaa lagu cabbiray saddex saldhig oo cabbirka biyaha ah. Qulqulka ugu sarreeya iyo kan ugu hooseeya ee lagu soo warramay Magbass, oo ka mid ah saddexda saldhig, waa {{Convert|1905|m3}} iyo {{Convert|2|m3}} siday u kala horreeyaan. Waxaa jira mashaariic badan oo laga hirgeliyay dooxada webiga kuwaas oo baahidooda sahayda biyaha ka hela webigan.{{Sfn|Rosbjerg|1997|p=496}} Macdanta birta ee Marampa waxay ku tiirsan tahay sahayda biyaha ee laga soo tuubo webiga. Sharci heshiis oo ku saabsan xuquuqda biyaha ee Webiga Rokel ayaa lala saxiixday horumariyayaasha macdanta; macdantu waxay shaqaynaysay tan iyo 1933 ilaa 1975 waxaa waday shirkadda Sierra Leone Development Company (DELCO) iyo Astro Minerals tan iyo 1983. Heshiiska biyuhu wuxuu bixiyaa "xuquuq gaar ah oo mudnaan leh oo ku saabsan isticmaalka biyaha Rokel iyada oo loo marayo heshiis gaar ah" muddo 89 sano ah laga bilaabo 1 Janaayo 1938. Saamaynta deegaanka ee isticmaalayaasha hoose iyo qashinka ka yimaada hawlaha macdanta ayaan wax laga qaban. Birta la soo saaray waxay keentay in dhererka mid ka mid ah buuraha macdanta ay hoos u dhacdo {{Convert|24.4|m}}.{{Sfn|Rosbjerg|1997|pp=497-98}} Macdanta dahabka ee buuraha Sula iyo sediments-ka webiga Rokel waxay ahayd hawl ballaaran oo la qabtay tan iyo 1929 ee webiga iyo laamihiisa ka dib markii dahab laga helay buuraha. Daraasado sediment ah ayaa la sameeyay si loo qiimeeyo uruurinta macdanta arsenic. Hawlgalka panning-ka ee webiga iyadoo la adeegsanayo xoogga gacanta ayaa ku salaysan paddocking. Hawlgalkan macdanta dahabka ee alluvial ayaa lagu tilmaamay mid deegaan ahaan burburinaya maadaama jarista dhirta ee ujeeddooyinka macdanta ay keentay nabaad-guur ballaaran oo buuraha ah iyo sediment-ka webiga iyo laamihiisa.{{Sfn|Rosbjerg|1997|p=497}} [[Biyo-xireenka Bumbuna]] ayaa laga horumariyay webiga iyadoo la dhisay biyo-xireen dhererkiisu yahay {{Convert|93|m}} meel cidhiidhi ah oo webiga ah, kaas oo abuuray haro fidsan {{Convert|30|km}} kor u socota.{{Sfn|Rosbjerg|1997|pp=498-99}} Mashruuca Waraabka Magbass ayaa laga hirgeliyay xagga hoose ee biyo-xireenka. Hirgelinta mashruuca waxaa ka caawiyay Shiinaha beerashada [[sokorta]]. Mashruuca, oo la hirgeliyay 1980, wuxuu ku yaal Magbass oo ku taal xeebaha webiga wuxuuna leeyahay aag waraab oo dhan {{Convert|880|km2}}.{{Sfn|Rosbjerg|1997|p=499}} == Flora iyo Fauna == Flora-da ku taal af-gudbada waxay ka kooban tahay kaynta mangrove. Shimbiraha aagga ku yaal waxay ka kooban yihiin 10,000 oo shimbirood oo ka tirsan 36 nooc (diiwaankii 1995). Waxa kale oo la sheegay in ay jiraan sideed nooc oo shimbiraha wader-ka ah ee jiilaalka kuwaas oo ka kooban 1% dadka adduunka. Sideedda nooc ee [[palaearctic]] migrant [[wader]]s ee la diiwaangeliyay waa:<ref name=Ramsar/> * [[Ringed plover]] (''Charadrius hiaticula'') * [[Kentish plover]] (''Pluvialis squatarola'') * [[Sanderling]] (''Calidris alba'') * [[Curlew sandpiper]] (''Calidris ferruginea'') * [[Eurasian whimbrel]] (''Numeniusphaeopus'') * [[Common greenshank|green shank]] (''Tringa nebularia'') * [[Common redshank|red shank]] (''Tringa totanus'') * [[Western reef heron]] (''Egrette gularis'') == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Mabilafu]], tuulada ugu weyn ee ku taal xeebaha Webiga Rokel == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist|2}} == Bibliography == *{{cite book|last=Bird|first=Eric|title=Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mfo5TPb7SDsC&pg=PA933|date=8 Abriil 2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-8638-0}} *{{cite book|last1=Brebbia|first1=C. A.|last2=Popov|first2=V.|title=Food and Environment II: The Quest for a Sustainable Future|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LsGsLmjUU2EC&pg=PA45|date=2013|publisher=WIT Press|isbn=978-1-84564-703-2}} *{{cite book|first1=M. J. |last1=Hambrey|first2=W. B. |last2=Harland|title=Earth's Pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Iw-gQf4_LYC&pg=PA132|year=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-17230-1}} *{{cite book|first=Dan |last=Rosbjerg|title=Sustainability of Water Resources Under Increasing Uncertainty|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPDr7HLdSt4C&pg=PA496|year=1997|publisher=International Association for Hydrological Sciences|isbn=978-1-901502-05-3}} *{{cite book|last=Shillington|first=Kevin|title=Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ftz_gtO-pngC&pg=PA922|year=2004|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-57958-245-6}} *{{cite book|title=Mangroves of Western and Central Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdrMCcDQaaoC&pg=PA41|year=2007|publisher=UNEP/Earthprint|isbn=978-92-807-2792-0|pages=41–}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}}{{Coord|8.55|-12.80|display=title}} ji8eclfdvu6yh1riawl91u2w3kypzz8 301667 301666 2026-07-11T10:33:26Z Isma4l 41797 301667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Rokel | image = Freetown-aerialview.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = Freetown oo ku taal af-gudbada webiga | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = [[Loma Mountains]], [[Guinea Highlands]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Galbeedka Afrika]] | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Sierra Leone]] | location = | etymology = | length_km = 386 | length_ref = <ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | source1_elevation ={{cvt|900|m|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation ={{cvt|0|m|abbr=on}} | discharge1_location=Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg =(Muddadii: 1971–2000) {{cvt|546.9|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | basin_size_km2 = 10,622 | basin_size_ref = <ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | river_system = Webiga Rokel | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | name_other = {{Plainlist| * Webiga Seli * Webiga Pamoronkoh }} }} '''Webiga Rokel''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Webiga Seli'''; horey '''Webiga Pamoronkoh''') waa webiga ugu weyn Jamhuuriyadda [[Sierra Leone]] ee ku taal Galbeedka Afrika. Dooxada webigu waxay cabbirkeedu yahay {{cvt|10,622|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}, iyadoo qulqulka biyaha ay kala qaybiyaan buuraha Gbengbe iyo Kabala iyo [[Buuraha Sula]]. Af-gudbada oo fidsan aag dhan {{cvt|2,950|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} ayaa noqotay goob [[Heshiiska Ramsar|Ramsar]] oo muhiim u ah dhul-qoyanka sanadkii 1999.<ref name=Ramsar>{{Cite web|url=http://sites.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1SL001en_part1.pdf|title= Sierra Leone Estuary: Proposed Ramsar Site|accessdate=3 Luulyo 2013|publisher=Wetland Organization}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ramsar.org/pdf/sitelist_order.pdf|title=1014, Sierra Leone River Estuary |date=13 Diseembar 1999|accessdate=7 Luulyo 2013|publisher=Ramsar organization}}</ref> == Juqraafiga == Webiga Rokel wuxuu ka soo bilaawdaa {{convert|900|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} oo ah bannaanka sare ee [[Buuraha Loma]], ee [[Guinea Highlands]] ee waqooyiga dhexe ee Sierra Leone, wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhanka koonfur-galbeed qiyaastii {{convert|240|mi}} isagoo dhex mara safaf buuro ah, waxaana la socda wabi yar oo barbar socda oo la yiraahdo [[Port Loko Creek]], wuxuuna ku shubaa [[af-gudbada]] Rokel ka hor inta uusan gelin [[Badweynta Atlaantik]].{{sfn|Bird|2010|p=933}}<ref name=River>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/506982/Rokel-River|title=Rokel River|accessdate=3 Luulyo 2013|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Af-gudbada, ka dib markii ay ku biirto [[Webiga Bankasoka]], waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan [[Webiga Sierra Leone]], dhererkeeduna waa {{convert|25| miles|abbr=on}} ballacdana waa {{convert|4|–|10|mi}}. [[Freetown]] iyo [[Pepel]] waa labada dekedood ee ku yaal xeebaha af-gudbada.<ref name=Brit>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/543405/Sierra-Leone-River|title=Sierra Leone River| accessdate=3 Luulyo 2013|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Marka af-gudbaddu sii ballaarato oo ay ku biirto Atlaantik ballaceedu waa qiyaastii {{convert|11|km|abbr=on}}. Xeebta koonfureed ayaa ah tan ugu qotada dheer oo samaysa deked dabiici ah, taas oo la sheegay inay tahay tan saddexaad ee ugu weyn adduunka.<ref name=Ramsar/> Dhul-qoyanka Mangrove iyo meelaha dhoobada ah ayaa ah nidaamka deegaanka ee ugu muhiimsan (iyagoo ka kooban 19% kaynta mangrove ee dalka)<ref name=Ramsar/> oo laga xusay agagaarka [[ria]] ee webiga.{{sfn|Bird|2010|p=933}} Dooxada webiga cabbirkeedu waa {{convert|10622|km2}}, iyadoo qulqulka biyaha ay kala qaybiyaan buuraha Gbengbe iyo Kabala iyo buuraha Sula. Webiga Rokel wuxuu hoos u dhacaa {{convert|15|m}} biyaha dhaca ee Bumbuna.{{sfn|Brebbia|Popov|2013|p=45}} Noocyada Mangrove ee la diiwaangeliyay waa ''[[Rhizophora]]'', ''[[Avicennia]]'', ''[[Laguncularia]]'', iyo ''[[Conocarpus]]'', kuwaas oo daboolaya aag dhan {{Convert|34.23|ha}}.<ref name=Ramsar/> Caasimadda Sierra Leone ee [[Freetown]] waxay ku taal marinka Webiga Sierra Leone, qiyaastii {{convert|25|mi}} u jirta dekedda Pepel. == Juqraafiyadda Dhulka == Webiga Rokel iyo laamihiisa waxaa loo qeexay inay yihiin "Rokel River Group" si loogu sameeyo cilmi-baaris juqraafiyeed. Qaab-dhismeedka juqraafiyeed ee kooxdan ayaa la sheegay inay ka mid tahay [[Tabe formation]] iyadoo fadhiyada barafka ay ku badan yihiin dhinaca bari isla markaana ay ka muuqdaan webiga qaybo ka mid ah; qaab-dhismeedka juqraafiyeed ee laga xusay webiga waa dhagaxyada granite. Qaab-dhismeedku wuxuu si ballaaran ugu kala qaybsan yahay dhagaxyada sedimentary ee laalaaban. Waxa kale oo la sheegay in [[orogeny]] ay ka tirsan tahay xilliga Pan African thermo-tectonic ee qiyaastii 550 Ma.{{sfn|Hambrey|Harland|2011|pp=132, 133}} Juqraafi ahaan waa dooxad si farsamaysan loo xakameeyo oo leh qaabab ka tirsan xilliyada [[Precambrian]], [[Infra-Cambrian]] iyo [[Pleistocene]]. Webiga waxaa lagu xayiray buuraha Sula ee koonfur-bari iyo buuraha grantoid ee Gbengbe iyo Kabala ee galbeedka. Cascades-ka caanka ah ee webiga waxaa loo yaqaanaa biyaha dhaca ee Bumbuna halkaas oo webigu hoos u dhaco {{Convert|15|m}} taasoo u gogol xaareysa dhismaha mashruuc koronto-biyood.{{Sfn|Rosbjerg|1997|p=496}} == Taariikhda == [[John MacCormac (ganacsade)|John MacCormac]], oo ahaa ganacsade Irish ah, ayaa degay [[Jasiiradda Timbo, Sierra Leone|Jasiiradda Timbo]] sanadkii 1816 wuxuuna bilaabay dhoofinta [[Oldfieldia africana|Geedka African Oak]] ee ka yimaada Webiga Rokel.<ref name="DACB">{{cite web|title=McCormack, John|url=http://www.dacb.org/stories/sierraleone/mccormack_john.html|website=Dictionary of African Christian Biography|publisher=Center for Global Christianity and Mission|accessdate=10 Oktoobar 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011223122/http://www.dacb.org/stories/sierraleone/mccormack_john.html|archivedate=11 Oktoobar 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ganacsigu wuxuu ahaa mid aad u ballaaran muddo laakiin ugu dambeyntii wuu hoos u dhacay. Macdanta birta iyo dahabka alluvial ayaa bilaabmay dabayaaqadii 1920-yadii iyo horraantii 1930-yadii, iyadoo mashruuca koronto-biyoodka Bumbuna Falls uu socdo.{{sfn|Brebbia|Popov|2013|p=45}} Dadka [[Yalunka]] waxay caasimadooda, [[Falaba]], ka yisteen meel u dhow isha Rokel.{{sfn|Shillington|2004|p=922}} Af-gudbada, oo fidsan aag dhan {{Convert|2950|km2}}, ayaa lagu daray liiska Ramsar ee goobaha dhul-qoyanka muhiimka ah sanadkii 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sierra Leone becomes Ramsar's 118th Contracting Party |website=ramsar.org |date=15 Janaayo 2000 |url=https://www.ramsar.org/news/sierra-leone-becomes-ramsars-118th-contracting-party }}</ref><ref>United Nations Environment Programme: Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, (2007), bogga 41</ref> Goobta waxaa xad u ah Cape Point dhinaca galbeed ee Freetown, oo ay xad u tahay [[Webiga Bunce]] mid ka mid ah xeebaheeda, iyo [[Tagrin Point]] halkaas oo qaybaha Rokel ay ku biiraan dhinaca koonfureed ee afkeeda.{{sfn|Ramsar|}} Bishii Febraayo 2025, Thomas Mariee wuxuu dhammaystiray 365km oo safar keligiis ah oo uu ku maray Webiga Rokel muddo 17 maalmood ah. == Horumarinta == Qulqulka webiga Rokel waxaa lagu cabbiray saddex saldhig oo cabbirka biyaha ah. Qulqulka ugu sarreeya iyo kan ugu hooseeya ee lagu soo warramay Magbass, oo ka mid ah saddexda saldhig, waa {{Convert|1905|m3}} iyo {{Convert|2|m3}} siday u kala horreeyaan. Waxaa jira mashaariic badan oo laga hirgeliyay dooxada webiga kuwaas oo baahidooda sahayda biyaha ka hela webigan.{{Sfn|Rosbjerg|1997|p=496}} Macdanta birta ee Marampa waxay ku tiirsan tahay sahayda biyaha ee laga soo tuubo webiga. Sharci heshiis oo ku saabsan xuquuqda biyaha ee Webiga Rokel ayaa lala saxiixday horumariyayaasha macdanta; macdantu waxay shaqaynaysay tan iyo 1933 ilaa 1975 waxaa waday shirkadda Sierra Leone Development Company (DELCO) iyo Astro Minerals tan iyo 1983. Heshiiska biyuhu wuxuu bixiyaa "xuquuq gaar ah oo mudnaan leh oo ku saabsan isticmaalka biyaha Rokel iyada oo loo marayo heshiis gaar ah" muddo 89 sano ah laga bilaabo 1 Janaayo 1938. Saamaynta deegaanka ee isticmaalayaasha hoose iyo qashinka ka yimaada hawlaha macdanta ayaan wax laga qaban. Birta la soo saaray waxay keentay in dhererka mid ka mid ah buuraha macdanta ay hoos u dhacdo {{Convert|24.4|m}}.{{Sfn|Rosbjerg|1997|pp=497-98}} Macdanta dahabka ee buuraha Sula iyo sediments-ka webiga Rokel waxay ahayd hawl ballaaran oo la qabtay tan iyo 1929 ee webiga iyo laamihiisa ka dib markii dahab laga helay buuraha. Daraasado sediment ah ayaa la sameeyay si loo qiimeeyo uruurinta macdanta arsenic. Hawlgalka panning-ka ee webiga iyadoo la adeegsanayo xoogga gacanta ayaa ku salaysan paddocking. Hawlgalkan macdanta dahabka ee alluvial ayaa lagu tilmaamay mid deegaan ahaan burburinaya maadaama jarista dhirta ee ujeeddooyinka macdanta ay keentay nabaad-guur ballaaran oo buuraha ah iyo sediment-ka webiga iyo laamihiisa.{{Sfn|Rosbjerg|1997|p=497}} [[Biyo-xireenka Bumbuna]] ayaa laga horumariyay webiga iyadoo la dhisay biyo-xireen dhererkiisu yahay {{Convert|93|m}} meel cidhiidhi ah oo webiga ah, kaas oo abuuray haro fidsan {{Convert|30|km}} kor u socota.{{Sfn|Rosbjerg|1997|pp=498-99}} Mashruuca Waraabka Magbass ayaa laga hirgeliyay xagga hoose ee biyo-xireenka. Hirgelinta mashruuca waxaa ka caawiyay Shiinaha beerashada [[sokorta]]. Mashruuca, oo la hirgeliyay 1980, wuxuu ku yaal Magbass oo ku taal xeebaha webiga wuxuuna leeyahay aag waraab oo dhan {{Convert|880|km2}}.{{Sfn|Rosbjerg|1997|p=499}} == Flora iyo Fauna == Flora-da ku taal af-gudbada waxay ka kooban tahay kaynta mangrove. Shimbiraha aagga ku yaal waxay ka kooban yihiin 10,000 oo shimbirood oo ka tirsan 36 nooc (diiwaankii 1995). Waxa kale oo la sheegay in ay jiraan sideed nooc oo shimbiraha wader-ka ah ee jiilaalka kuwaas oo ka kooban 1% dadka adduunka. Sideedda nooc ee [[palaearctic]] migrant [[wader]]s ee la diiwaangeliyay waa:<ref name=Ramsar/> * [[Ringed plover]] (''Charadrius hiaticula'') * [[Kentish plover]] (''Pluvialis squatarola'') * [[Sanderling]] (''Calidris alba'') * [[Curlew sandpiper]] (''Calidris ferruginea'') * [[Eurasian whimbrel]] (''Numeniusphaeopus'') * [[Common greenshank|green shank]] (''Tringa nebularia'') * [[Common redshank|red shank]] (''Tringa totanus'') * [[Western reef heron]] (''Egrette gularis'') == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Mabilafu]], tuulada ugu weyn ee ku taal xeebaha Webiga Rokel == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist|2}} == Buug qoraal == *{{cite book|last=Bird|first=Eric|title=Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mfo5TPb7SDsC&pg=PA933|date=8 Abriil 2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-8638-0}} *{{cite book|last1=Brebbia|first1=C. A.|last2=Popov|first2=V.|title=Food and Environment II: The Quest for a Sustainable Future|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LsGsLmjUU2EC&pg=PA45|date=2013|publisher=WIT Press|isbn=978-1-84564-703-2}} *{{cite book|first1=M. J. |last1=Hambrey|first2=W. B. |last2=Harland|title=Earth's Pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Iw-gQf4_LYC&pg=PA132|year=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-17230-1}} *{{cite book|first=Dan |last=Rosbjerg|title=Sustainability of Water Resources Under Increasing Uncertainty|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPDr7HLdSt4C&pg=PA496|year=1997|publisher=International Association for Hydrological Sciences|isbn=978-1-901502-05-3}} *{{cite book|last=Shillington|first=Kevin|title=Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ftz_gtO-pngC&pg=PA922|year=2004|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-57958-245-6}} *{{cite book|title=Mangroves of Western and Central Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdrMCcDQaaoC&pg=PA41|year=2007|publisher=UNEP/Earthprint|isbn=978-92-807-2792-0|pages=41–}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}}{{Coord|8.55|-12.80|display=title}} 7akzl4j0hvj3q5lsalcgbe5grk9jtrz 0 48905 301668 2026-07-11T10:35:19Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Bankasoka|image=Port Loko River - Feb 2011 - panoramio (1).jpg|country=[[Sierra Leone]]|ports=[[Port Pepel]] iyo [[Port Loko]]}} '''Webiga Bankasoka''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Sierra Leone]]. Isagoo ah [[af-gudbada]] mawjado leh (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan ''Port Loko Creek''), wuxuu ku biiraa [[Webiga Rokel]] dhanka koonfureed si uu u sameeyo [[Webiga Sierra Leone]].<ref>West Africa Topographical Maps, Series N504, 1:250,000, U.S. Army Map Service, 1955.</ref> Laba dekedood ayaa ku yaal wabigan, [[Port Pepel]]{{citation needed|date=Oktoobar 2014}} iyo [[Port Loko]]. Bankasoka waa wabi xeebeed, oo ay weheliso [[Webiga Rokel]], samaysa af-gudbada [[Webiga Sierra Leone]] qiyaastii 40 kiiloomitir u jirta Badweynta Atlaantik. Qaybta waqooyi waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan ''Tumbu-See'' (Af-Ingiriisi: ''Tumbu Lake'').<ref>''West Africa Topographical Maps'', Series N504, 1:250,000, U.S. Army Map Service, 1955.</ref> Webiga waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan Port Loko Creek sababtoo ah magaalada magacaas leh waxay ku taal wabiga. Waxaa jira saddex saldhig oo yaryar oo korontada biyaha laga dhaliyo oo u dhow Port Loko.<ref>[https://www.africanpowerplatform.org/resources/power-projects/user-item/728-admin/257-bankasoka-hydro-dam.html ''Bankasoka Hydro Dam.'' Africa Power Platform.]{{Dead link|date=Ogoosto 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Waxaa la helay 13 Juun 2019.</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Coord|8|45|26.4|N|12|47|21.6|W|display=title}} d2ljlg8h8xz8difl3tco4nusiuullfo 0 48906 301669 2026-07-11T10:37:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301669 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sherbro Landsat.jpg|thumb|Sawirka dabiiciga ah ee Landsat ee Jasiiradda Sherbro, Sierra Leone. Dhanka galbeed, waxaa laga arki karaa Jasiiradaha Turtle.]] {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Jasiiradda Sherbro, Sierra Leone | nickname = | subdivision_type = [[Wadamada adduunka|Wadan]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobolka Koonfureed, Sierra Leone|Gobol]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Degmooyinka Sierra Leone|Degmo]] | subdivision_name = [[Sierra Leone]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Gobolka Koonfureed, Sierra Leone|Gobolka Koonfureed]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Degmada Bonthe]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | population_as_of = Qiyaastii 2013 | population_metro = | population_total = 28,457 | population_footnotes = | timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time]] | utc_offset = ±0 | website = }} '''Jasiiradda Sherbro''' waxay ku taal [[Badweynta Atlaantik]], waxaana lagu daray [[Degmada Bonthe]], [[Gobolka Koonfureed, Sierra Leone|Gobolka Koonfureed]], [[Sierra Leone]]. Jasiiradda waxaa ka sooca dhulka weyn ee Afrika Webiga Sherbro oo dhanka waqooyi ah iyo [[Sherbro Strait]] oo dhanka bari ah. Waxay dhererkeedu yahay {{convert|32|mi|km}} ballacdana ilaa {{convert|15|mi|km}}, iyadoo dabooleysa aag qiyaastii {{convert|230|sqmi|km2}}. Dhanka ugu fog ee galbeed waa [[Cape St. Ann]]. [[Bonthe]], oo ku taal dhanka bari, waa dekedda ugu weyn iyo xarunta ganacsiga. Taariikh ahaan, tani waxay qayb ka ahayd dhulka dadka taariikhiga ah ee [[Sherbro]], kuwaas oo u talin jiray aag ballaaran oo ka mid ah waxa hadda loo yaqaan Sierra Leone. Maanta waxay ku urursan yihiin qaybta koonfureed iyo dhexe ee [[Degmada Moyamba]]. Iyaga ayaa ah kooxda [[qowmiyadda]] ugu weyn ee jasiiradda, halkaas oo tirada guud ee dadku tahay 28,457. Jasiiraddu waxay leedahay in ka badan {{convert|65|mi|km}} oo xeebo kulaylaha ah. Wasaaradda Dalxiiska iyo Horumarinta ee Sierra Leone ayaa u qoondeysay horumarinta dalxiiska. == Hawlaha dhaqaale == Beerashada bariiska ee dhul-qoyan, dalxiiska, iyo kalluumeysiga ayaa ah hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee dhaqaalaha.{{Citation needed|date=Maarso 2024}} Sannadkii 2024 waxaa la sheegay in jilaaga Ingiriiska ah [[Idris Elba]], oo aabbihiis yahay [[Sierra Leonean Creole]], uu aasaasay Sherbro Alliance Partners iyadoo ujeedadu tahay in lagu horumariyo "magaalo-caqli badan" (smart-city) oo awood u leh inay taageerto ilaa hal milyan oo qof jasiiradda Sherbro.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-17 |title=Idris Elba 'dreams big' with Sierra Leone eco-city plan for Sherbro Island |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68573737 |access-date=2024-03-20 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Taariikhda == Jasiiradda Sherbro waxaa muddo dheer ku noolaa dadka Sherbro, kuwaas oo taariikh ahaan u talin jiray qowmiyadaha kale ee qayb badan oo ka mid ah gobolka dhulka weyn. Dadka jasiiraddu waxay lahaayeen dhaqaale ku salaysan kalluumeysi ballaaran. Waxay sidoo kale doonyo ku ganacsan jireen dadka deriska la ah ee ku nool tuulooyinka xeebta. Intii lagu jiray duullaankii [[Mane people|Mane]] ee qarnigii 16-aad, Sherbro waxay ahayd xarunta mid ka mid ah boqortooyooyinkooda waaweyn.<ref name=Rodney>{{cite journal |last1=Rodney |first1=Walter |title=A Reconsideration of the Mane Invasions of Sierra Leone. |journal=The Journal of African History |date=1967 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=219–46 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007039 |jstor=179481 |s2cid=163011504 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/179481 |access-date=16 Luulyo 2023|url-access=subscription }} </ref>{{rp|227}} Boqorkii intii lagu jiray qarnigii 17-aad badhtankiisii hore wuxuu ahaa nin la odhan jiray Sherabola ama Selboele, ka dibna jasiiradda ayaa loo bixiyay.<ref name=Rodney/>{{rp|232}} Qarnigii toddoba iyo tobnaad, sahamiyeyaal iyo ganacsato ka yimid [[Portugal]], [[Spain]], iyo [[Netherlands]] ayaa yimid aaggan. Waxay la ganacsan jireen dadka Sherbro iyo qabiilo kale oo ku nool wabiyada ilaa gudaha. Waxay tixraaceen waxa hadda loo yaqaan Webiga Sherbro sida Webiga ''Madrebombo'', taas oo laga yaabo inay ula jeedaan "hooyo durbaan" af-Isbaanish. Warqado Dutch ah oo taariikhdoodu ahayd 1633 ayaa wabiga ku tilmaamay qoraal kala duwan oo ah ''Maderebombo.'' Noocyada kale ee qoraalka waxaa ka mid ahaa ''Madrabomba.'' (Eeg: ''Navigantium Atque Itinerantium Bibliotheca'') Qarnigii toddoba iyo tobnaad, [[Royal African Company]], oo loo aasaasay sidii kali-talisnimo Ingiriiska, waxay bilowday inay halkan iyo [[Xeebta Guinea]] ka shaqeeyaan sidii ganacsato. Iyadoo markii hore raadinayay dahab, gaar ahaan Webiga [[Gambia]], qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad ee hore RAC waxay ku lug lahaayeen [[ka ganacsiga addoonta]], kaas oo ay ku jirtay kali-talisnimadooda. RAC waxay samaysay qalcaddii shirkadda oo loo yaqaan York Island ee Jasiiradda Sherbro. Waxay ahayd deked loogu dhoofiyo Afrikaanka la addoonsaday dhanka Ameerika. [[Thomas Corker]], oo ka yimid [[Falmouth, Cornwall]], wuxuu la shaqaynayay RAC in ka badan toban sano markii loo magacaabay wakiil halkan qarnigii toddoba iyo tobnaad dhammaadkiisii. Wuxuu guursaday gabadh uu dhalay madax ka mid ah Sherbro, labadoodii wiilna waxay noqdeen aabbayaasha reer boqor ee ganacsatada iyo madaxda gobolka. Wax yar ka dib markii loo wareejiyay [[The Gambia]], wuxuu ku dhintay safar ganacsi oo uu ku tagay Ingiriiska sanadkii 1700, laakiin farcankiisa Sierra Leone si fiican ayey u shaqeeyeen.<ref name="tattersfield">{{cite book|last=Tattersfield|first=Nigel|title=The Forgotten Trade: Comprising the Log of the 'Daniel and Henry' of 1700 and Accounts of the Slave Trade From the Minor Ports of England 1698–1725 (1778)|location=London|date=1991|pages=309–19}}</ref> Ka dib markii Great Britain ay baabi'isay [[Taariikhda addoonsiga|ka ganacsiga addoonta]] Afrikaanka ah ee caalamiga ah 1807, waxay bilowday inay u isticmaasho qalcaddii ganacsiga ee RAC ee hore ee Jasiiradda Sherbro saldhig u ah hawlgallada badda ee ka dhanka ah ganacsatada addoonta ee sharci-darrada ah. Addoomadii la xoreeyay waxaa dib loogu dejiyay gumaystihii [[Freetown]]. Maraykanku wuxuu kaloo mamnuucay soo dejinta dadka la addoonsaday 1808, in kasta oo fulintu xaddidneyd. Laakiin muddo tobanaan sano ah, labada dal ee Spain iyo Portugal waxay sii wadeen iibsashada addoomo Afrikaan ah oo loogu talagalay gumaysigooda Caribbean-ka, iyo Bartamaha iyo Koonfurta Ameerika. Sannadkii 1815 [[Paul Cuffe]], oo ahaa sameeye markab oo guulaystay oo African-American ah oo ka yimid [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], ayaa xiisaynayay dib-u-dejinta dadka madow ee xorta ah ee galbeedka Afrika. Ingiriisku waxay tan ka fuliyeen [[Freetown, Sierra Leone]] ilaa 1792. Halkaas, [[Black Loyalists]] oo ka yimid [[Nova Scotia]] (African Americans la xoreeyay intii lagu jiray [[American Revolution]]) waxaa ku biiray [[Jamaican Maroons|Maroons]] laga soo musaafuriyay [[Jamaica]], [[Liberated Africans in Sierra Leone|Liberated Africans]] laga xoreeyay ganacsatada sharci-darrada ah, iyo qaar ka mid ah kooxaha qowmiyadaha ee dhulka Sierra Leone oo xiisaynayay dhaqanka reer galbeedka,<ref name="harris">Harris, Sheldon H. ''Paul Cuffee: Black America and the African Return''. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1972.</ref> waxay ku midoobeen qowmiyadda [[Sierra Leone Creole|Creole/Krio]].<ref name=Walker>{{cite book|last=Walker |first=James W. |year=1992 |chapter=Chapter Five: Foundation of Sierra Leone |title=The Black Loyalists: The Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone, 1783–1870 |location=Toronto |publisher=University of Toronto Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/blackloyalistsse0000walk/page/94 94]–114 |url=https://archive.org/details/blackloyalistsse0000walk |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-8020-7402-7}} Waxaa markii hore daabacay Longman & Dalhousie University Press (1976).</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Dixon-Fyle |first1=Mac |last2=Cole |first2=Gibril Raschid |chapter=Introduction |year=2006 |title=New Perspectives on the Sierra Leone Krio |location=New York |publisher=Peter Lang |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WGiRuAG8K5wC |isbn=978-0-8204-7937-8 |pages=2–3 |quote=Qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dadkan addoomadii hore waxay ahaayeen Yoruba, laakiin xubno ka tirsan kooxaha qowmiyadaha ee gobollada kale ee Atlaantik (Igbo, Efik, Fante, iwm) ayaa sidoo kale aad loogu arkayay kooxdan dadka xoreeyay ee Liberated Africans. Shakhsiyaadka ka socda bulshooyinka qowmiyadaha asaliga ah ee Sierra Leone ayaa si weyn loogu matalay dadka xoreeyay [...] Qof kasta oo Temne, Limba, Mende, iyo Loko ah oo ku nool Freetown, oo ay saameeyeen saraakiisha maxalliga ah ee Yurub iyo dadka fidinta diinta, waxay ugu dambeyntii daadin doonaan magacyadooda asaliga ah, iyo qiyamka dhaqanka, si ay u qaataan aqoonsi Creole ah kaas oo siiyay fursad wanaagsan oo guul ah jawiga Victorian ee sii kordhaya ee reer galbeedka Freetown.}}</ref> Cuffe wuxuu aaminsanaa in dadka madow ee Mareykanka ah ee xirfadleyda ah ay gacan ka geysan karaan horumarinta ganacsiga ee u dhexeeya Sierra Leone iyo Mareykanka, taas oo faa'iido u leh labada dhinac. Sannadkii 1815, wuxuu dib ugu dejiyay koox ka kooban 88 [[freedmen]] oo Mareykan ah Jasiiradda Sherbro. Ka dib markii uu ku soo laabtay Mareykanka, Cuffe wuxuu suuq geeyay badeecadiisii uu ka soo qaaday Freetown.<ref name="harris"/> Cuffe wuxuu dhintay 1817, laakiin [[American Colonization Society]] (ACS), oo la aasaasay 1820 labada dhinacba ee ka dhanka ah addoonsiga iyo mulkiilayaasha addoonta, ayaa sii waday dadaalka dib-u-dejinta dadka madow ee xorta ah ee Afrika. Waxay u igmadeen sahamin meelo suurtagal ah, oo ay ku jirto Jasiiradda Sherbro. Waxay heleen [[John Kizell]], oo ahaa Sherbro ku dhashay maxalliga ah oo dib u soo laabtay ka dib markii la qabtay oo lagu hayay addoonsi South Carolina. Wuxuu xornimo ku helay Ingiriiska intii lagu jiray [[American Revolutionary War]] wuxuuna ka mid ahaa 1200 [[Black Loyalists]] oo dib loogu dejiyay [[Freetown]] 1792. Kizell wuxuu noqday hoggaamiye dad badan oo Sherbro ah. [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] wuxuu ansixiyay sharci Maarso 3, 1819, kaas oo fasaxayay gaadiidka dadka madow ee xorta ah ee loo dhoofiyo "hooyadood". ACS waxay bilowday inay horumariso gumaysi Afrika loogu talagalay dadka madow ee Mareykanka ah ee xorta ah. Waxay hadhow u noqotay [[Jamhuuriyadda Liberia]]. Muddadan, dadka madow ee ugu badan ee xorta ah (iyo addoomaha) ee Maraykanka waxay ahaayeen dad u dhashay qaranka; waxay halkaas ku lahaayeen qoys iyo taariikh. Waxay rabeen inay helaan xuquuq siman iyo daaweyn aan takoor lahayn oo Maraykanka ah. Sannadkii 1821, markabka ''Elizabeth'' ee ka yimid New York wuxuu siday 86 African Americans oo xor ah (oo ay ku jiraan fidiyaha diinta [[Daniel Coker]]), iyo sidoo kale saddex wakiil oo ACS ah, kooxdii ugu horreysay ee ACS ay taageerto ee Jasiiradda Sherbro. Cudurro iyo qandho ayaa si degdeg ah u dilay in ka badan rubuc dadkii la rabay inay degaan.<ref name="npr">{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=102865779|title=Excerpt: 'This Child Will Be Great'|website=Npr.org|access-date=2017-01-21}}</ref> Kuwii ka badbaaday waxay u guureen Abriil 1822 [[Providence Island, Monrovia|Providence Island]] oo ku taal [[Cape Mesurado]] waxa hadda loo yaqaan qaranka [[Liberia]].<ref name="npr"/> Sannadkii 1861 Gumaystihii Ingiriiska ee [[Freetown]] ayaa ka helay Jasiiradda Sherbro dadka Sherbro, taas oo ka dhigtay inay hoos timaado maamulka dawladdooda. Dadka Sherbro waxay sii wadeen inay halkaas ku noolaadaan. Maamulkii gumaysiga iyo ka dibna ilaaliyaha ayaa maamulayay ilaa Sierra Leone ay xornimada qaadatay 1961. Sida 2024, waxaa jira mashruuc socda oo jasiiradda looga dhigayo [[aag dhaqaale oo gaar ah]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-26 |title=L’acteur Idris Elba se rêve en bâtisseur de ville en Sierra Leone |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2024/03/26/l-acteur-idris-elba-se-reve-en-batisseur-de-ville-en-sierra-leone_6224254_3234.html |access-date=2024-09-27 |language=fr}}</ref> == Deegaanka == [[File:Sherbro Island - panoramio (1).jpg|thumb|Qayb ka mid ah xeebta Jasiiradda Sherbro]] Jasiiradda Sherbro waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay tahay meel ay ku tarmaan [[green sea turtle|qoolleyda badda ee cagaaran]] iyo sidoo kale [[leatherback sea turtle|qoolleyda badda ee leatherback]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn/archives/mtn54/mtn54p10.shtml |title=MTN 54:10-12 Sea Turtle Nesting in Sierra Leone, West Africa |website=Seaturtle.org |date= |accessdate=2017-01-21}}</ref> Biyaha ku hareeraysan jasiiradda waxay haystaan qaar ka mid ah [[tarpon]] ugu weyn adduunka. Diiwaannada ururka kalluumeysiga isboortiga [[IGFA]] waxaa sameeyay qabasho ka timid aaggan. [[African manatee|African manatees]] waxay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin webiga Sherbro ee waqooyiga jasiiradda.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reeves |first=Randall R. |last2=Tuboku-Metzger |first2=Daphne |last3=Kapindi |first3=Richard A. |date=Abriil 1988 |title=Distribution and exploitation of manatees in Sierra Leone |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724200345id_/https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/9190DDAE8218D9D8B53CFB3820EF1B2F/S0030605300027538a.pdf/div-class-title-distribution-and-exploitation-of-manatees-in-sierra-leone-div.pdf |journal=Oryx |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=77 |via=University of Cambridge}}</ref> == Dadka == Bishii Maajo 2013, diiwaanka dawladda Sierra Leone ee dadka jasiiradda waxay ahayd 28,457. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/2015/07/sierra-leone-layers-history-150714082258599.html|title=Sierra Leone's layers of history, A past filled with historical memories slowly crumbles away on a forgotten island in Sierra Leone|last=Trenchard|first=Tommy|date=22 Jul 2015|publisher= Al Jazeera Media Network}} *[http://www.sierra-leone.org/Postcards/MAP2333.jpg 1746 khariidadda Xeebta Guinea, oo ay ku jirto Sierra Leone], waxaa qoray [[N. Bellin]]. Waxaa lagu daabacay Faransiis. *[https://books.google.com/books?id=dbb2Ax2J7AEC&dq=madrabomba&pg=PA53 ''Navigantium Atque Itinerantium Bibliotheca''], Google Books {{Authority control}} {{Coord|7|33|N|12|42|W|region:SL_type:isle|display=title}} d0x18munlk91g6hvvs8xgm1fp38v4r6 0 48907 301670 2026-07-11T10:39:11Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{Infobox river | name = Jong | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Taia | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = SierraLeoneOMC.png | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda Sierra Leone oo muujinaysa Webiga Jong. | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!------------... 301670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Jong | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Taia | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = SierraLeoneOMC.png | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda Sierra Leone oo muujinaysa Webiga Jong. | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Sierra Leone]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = [[Gobollada Sierra Leone|Gobol]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Gobolka Bari, Sierra Leone|Bari]], [[Gobolka Koonfureed, Sierra Leone|Koonfureed]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|249|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = (Muddadii: 1971–2000) {{cvt|477|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Isgoyska Webiga Pampana iyo Webiga Teye | source1_coordinates= {{coord|8.3907|-11.9973|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|63|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Webiga Sherbro]] ([[Badweynta Atlaantik]]) | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7.5540|-12.3546|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = Webiga Jong | basin_size = {{cvt|8,288|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | tributaries_left = Bende Creek, Yaigini Creek | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Jong''' ama '''Taia''' waa wabi mara [[Sierra Leone]]. Wuxuu maraa magaalada [[Mattru Jong]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sierra-leone.org/villagenames.html|title=Sierra Leone Web - Magacyada Tuulooyinka}}</ref> wuxuuna ku shubaa [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] isagoo maraya qaar ka mid ah deltyada.<ref>West Africa Topographical Maps, Series N504, 1:250,000, U.S. Army Map Service, 1955</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} 8fqmt6bcb4w19ampyvthllodxv52hll 0 48908 301671 2026-07-11T10:41:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Sewa | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = SierraLeoneOMC.png | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda Sierra Leone oo muujinaysa Webiga Sewa | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Sierra Leone]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = [[Gobollada Sierra Leone|Gobol]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Gobolka Bari, Sierra Leone|Bari]], [[Gobolka Koonfureed, Sierra Leone|Koonfureed]] | subdivision_type4 = [[Degmooyinka Sierra Leone|Degmo]] | subdivision_name4 = [[Degmada Kono]], [[Degmada Kenema]], [[Degmada Bo]], [[Degmada Bonthe]] | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|240|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = (Muddadii: 1971–2000) {{cvt|952.4|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Isgoyska Webiga Bagbe iyo Webiga Bafi | source1_coordinates= {{coord|8|41|58.92|N|11|15|16.2|W|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|323|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Webiga Sherbro]] ([[Badweynta Atlaantik]]) | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7|18|33.48|N|12|8|16.44|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = Webiga Sewa | basin_size = {{convert|19,022|km2|abbr=on}}<ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | tributaries_left = Makon | tributaries_right = Webiga Falima, Tigpoye, Bebeye, Tibo, Tabe | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Sewa''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Sierra Leone]].<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle= Sierra Leone | volume= 25 |pages= 54&ndash;57 fiiri bogga 54; sadarka saddexaad |quote= ....The hydrography of the country is.....The main upper branch of the Great Bum (or Sewa) river is.....}}</ref> Isha ugu fog ee uu ka yimaado waa Webiga Bagbe iyo Webiga Bafi, kuwaas oo ka soo bilaawda aagagga buuraleyda ah ee waqooyi-bari ee dalka, meel u dhow xuduudda [[Guinea]]. Isgoyska Bagbe iyo Bafi ee [[Degmada Kono]], Sewa wuxuu u qulqulaa {{cvt|240|km|mi|abbr=on}} dhanka koonfur-galbeed wuxuuna qulquliyaa aag dhan {{cvt|19,022|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}. Meel u dhow xeebta [[Badweynta Atlaantik|Atlaantik]], webigu wuxuu ku biiraa Webiga Waanje si uu u sameeyo Webiga Kittam. Webiga Kittam wuxuu u qulqulaa {{convert|48|km|mi|abbr=on}} dhanka galbeed ee xeebta wuxuuna galaa shabakad harooyin iyo wabiyaal ah oo ay ka soocday badda [[Turner's Peninsula]]. Jasiiradda [[Sherbro Island|Sherbro]], Kittam wuxuu ku shubaa [[af-gudbada]] ballaaran ee [[Webiga Sherbro]]. Webiga Sewa waa mid la mari karo masaafo gaaban, laakiin qaybaha dhexe iyo kuwa sare, [[biyo-mareennada]] iyo biyo-dhaca ayaa ku badan. Webigu wuxuu leeyahay qiime ganacsi oo weyn oo u leh Sierra Leone. Qaybaha sare ee Sewa ayaa laga raadiyaa [[dheemman]] si baaxad leh. Meel u dhow xeebta, beerashada [[bariiska]] iyo beerashada [[piassava]], oo loo dhoofiyo soo saarista [[burushyada]] (besoms), ayaa ah dalagyo muhiim ah. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 7hu907wk17dey4u4hx9ohvqerp5ifbo 0 48909 301672 2026-07-11T10:44:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Lugenda | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Lugenda River.png | map_size = 340px | map_caption = | source1_location = [[Harada Amaramba]] | mouth_location = [[Webiga Ruvuma]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-11.4239|38.4849|type:river_region:MZ|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Mozambique]] | progression = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = Webiga Ruvuma | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Lugenda''' ama '''Lujenda''' (magaca kale: '''Webiga Msambiti''')<ref name="ManchesterGeoSoc">{{cite book|last=Manchester Geographical Society|title=The Journal of the Manchester Geographical Society (23-24)|year=1885|pages=[https://archive.org/details/journalmanchest01socigoog/page/n358 302]–304|url=https://archive.org/details/journalmanchest01socigoog|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing}}</ref> waa wabi ku yaal waqooyiga [[Mozambique]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa jiho koonfur-waqooyi ah oo ka bilaabma [[Harada Amaramba]]/[[Harada Chiuta]] waana wabbiga ugu weyn ee ku shubma [[Webiga Ruvuma]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA686|title=A directory of African wetlands|publisher=Belhaven Press Book, International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources ([[IUCN]])|year=1992|author=Robert Mepham |author2=R. H. Hughes |author3=J. S. Hughes |page=686|isbn=2-88032-949-3}}</ref> Wuxuu ku biiraa [[Webiga Luambala]] meel ku taal {{coord|13|26|12|S|36|18|20|E|}}. Dooxada webiga ayaa la sheegaa inay kaliya {{convert|800|ft|m}} ka sarreyso heerka badda.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoUcAAAAMAAJ&q=lugenda|title=Joseph Thomson and the exploration of Africa|first=Robert I. |last=Rotberg|publisher=Chatto & Windus|year=1971|page=123|isbn=978-0-7011-1544-9}}</ref> Waqooyiga Harada Chiuta, dadka ku nool daanta galbeed waxay u yaqaaniin Webiga Msambiti.<ref name="ManchesterGeoSoc"/> Hal mar, Lugenda wuxuu u kala qaybsamaa wabiyaal dhowr ah oo jasiirado u dhexeeyaan, qaarkoodna dad ayaa ku nool sida jasiiradda Achemponda.<ref>{{cite book|last=Manchester Geographical Society|title=The Journal of the Manchester Geographical Society (23-24)|year=1885|url=https://archive.org/details/journalmanchest01socigoog|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|page=[https://archive.org/details/journalmanchest01socigoog/page/n365 307]}}</ref> [[File:Bridge over the Lugenda.jpg|thumb|Meel u dhow Cassembe, EN-242]] [[File:2014 Lugenda River-2.jpg|thumb|U dhexeeya Cassembe ee EN-242, u socda waqooyi dhanka Keydka Niassa]] [[File:2014 Lugenda River-3.jpg|thumb|Biyo-dhacii ugu horreeyay ee u dhexeeya Cassembe ee EN-242, u socda waqooyi dhanka Keydka Niassa]] [[File:2014 Lugenda River-4.jpg|thumb|U dhexeeya Cassembe ee EN-242, u socda waqooyi dhanka Keydka Niassa]] [[File:2014 Lugenda River-5.jpg|thumb|U dhexeeya Cassembe ee EN-242, meel gudaha ka ah Keydka Niassa]] Maroodiyaashu waxay door weyn ka ciyaaraan nolosha dadka Dooxada Webiga Lugenda. Dadka qabaa'ilka ah, ee ku noolaa dooxada webiga dhowr kun oo sano, ayaa inta badan ah qabaa'ilka [[Yao]] iyo [[Makua]]. Kooxaha kale ee halkan deggan waa [[Ngoni]], [[Marave]] iyo [[Matambwe]].<ref name=Preserve>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lugenda.com/pdf/africa_geographic_article.pdf |title=Emerging from the shadows, Nissa National Reserve |access-date=2010-10-11 |publisher=Africa Geographic Article |date=June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714001921/http://www.lugenda.com/pdf/africa_geographic_article.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-14 }}</ref> == Eraybixinta == Eraybixinta erayga Lugenda ee af-[[Yao]], oo ah [[af-Bantu]] ay ku hadlaan [[dadka Yao]] ee [[Afrika]], waxay leedahay macno ahaan "wabi weyn."<ref name="ManchesterGeoSoc"/> == Juqraafiga == [[File:Initiation ritual of boys in Malawi.jpg|thumb|right|Wiilasha qabiilka [[Yao]] ee [[Bartamaha Afrika]] oo ku jira dharkooda qarinta inta lagu jiro xafladda billowga]] Webiga Lugenda, oo ku biira nidaamka guud ee Webiga Ruvuma qaybihiisa hoose dhanka koonfur-bari, ayaa ka soo bilaawda meel u dhow Harada Chilwa, laga bilaabo [[Harada Chiuta]] ({{convert|1700|ft|m}}). Webigu wuxuu u qulqulaa dherer dhan {{convert|300|km|mi}} ka hor inta uusan ku biirin Webiga Ruvuma tuulada [[Negomano]]. Asalkiisa waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay buur dhuuban oo kaymo ah (buur bacaad ah oo dhererkeedu yahay {{convert|25|m|ft}} isla markaana 9,000 sano jir ah)<ref name=irrigation>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VzqBfdeSjgQC&pg=PA98|title=Irrigation potential in Africa: a basin approach|author=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Land and Water Development Division|pages=98–99|publisher=Food & Agriculture Org.|year=1997|isbn=92-5-103966-6}}</ref>) taas oo kala saarta dhulka qoyan ee dhanka koonfureed ee Harada Chuta iyo Harada Chilwa. Wabi-biyoodka meesha ay ka baxdo Harada Amaramba waa qiyaastii {{convert|80|m|ft}} ballac ah. Waa biyo-mareen qoyan oo u dhexeeya asalkiisa laga soo bilaabo Harada Chitwa iyo Harada Amaramba.<ref name= reserve>{{Cite web|url=http://www.airboatafrika.com/ruvuma-river-niassa-national-reserve/|title=Ruvuma River & Niassa National Reserve |access-date=2010-10-11|publisher=Airboat Afrika Company}}{{dead link|date=February 2024|bot=medic}}</ref> [[Buur Mecula]] ({{convert|1441|m|ft}}) waa buurta dhexe ee dooxada. Buurtu waxay qani ku tahay dhirta waxaana loo arkaa inay tahay aag cilmiyeed muhiim ah oo ka mid ah keydka dooxada. Webiga Lugenda iyo Buurta Mecula ayaa sidaas darteed ah meelaha dalxiiska ee muhiimka ah ee gobolka waqooyi ee Mozambique.<ref name=Preserve/> Webigu wuxuu leeyahay qaab qulqul oo adag. Wuxuu u qulqulaa dhanka galbeed iyada oo loo marayo "wadooyin ay ku hareeraysan yihiin timirta Pandanus". Dhanka bari, qulqulkiisu waa iyada oo loo marayo marinka dhagaxa ah iyada oo dhammaan webigu uu ku baaba'ayo "goobaha daldaloolada" oo muujinaya waddooyin biyo leh oo ciid ah. Tani waa goobta ay ku tarmaan [[Skimmer (bird)|skimmers]] Afrikaan ah oo caalami ahaan loo hanjabo.<ref name=Preserve/> Isha webiga Lugenda waxay ku taal Harada Chilwa iyo Chiuta oo ku taal xadka u dhexeeya Mozambique iyo [[Malawi]], meeshaas oo webigu u qulqulo waqooyi-bari iyada oo ay weheliyaan niyad-jabka loo maleeyo ugu dambeyntiina ku biiraya Webiga Ruvuma, ee xadka Mozambique / [[Tanzania]], u qulqulaya [[Badweynta Hindiya]].<ref name= Thieme>{{Cite book|last= Thieme|first= Michele L.|title= Freshwater ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: a conservation assessment|page=173|access-date=2010-10-11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nkL9NqqlscC&pg=PA173|publisher= Island Press|year=2005|isbn= 1-55963-365-4}}</ref> Qaybta qulqulka ee ka timaada Webiga Lugenda ee loo dhiibo Webiga Ruvuma ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay tahay {{convert|18|km3|mi3}}. Inta badan aagga wabiga ayaa ku yaal [[Gobolka Niassa]] halkaas oo awoodda [[waraabka]] lagu soo waramayo inay tahay {{convert|200000|ha|acre}}.<ref name=irrigation/> Waa wabi si tartiib ah u socda oo inta badan u muuqda, marka uu ka soo baxo Harada Amaramba, sida haro sababtoo ah baaxaddiisa weyn ee biyaha.<ref name="ManchesterGeoSoc"/> Dooxada wabigu waxay leedahay [[ciid alluvium]] bacrin ah oo leh kheyraad biyo oo wanaagsan maadaama ay ku quudinayaan wabiyaal badan oo joogto ah oo ku yaal labada daamood. Ilo-biyoodyada joogtada ah ee dooxada ayaa sidaas darteed leh beerasho wanaagsan si ay u taageeraan dadka ku nool. [[Tubaakada]] waxaa lagu beeraa daamaha wabiga. [[Berde duurjoog ah]] iyo noocyo kale oo geedo ah ayaa sidoo kale laga helaa dooxada.<ref name=Society>{{Cite book|title=Journal of the African Society, Volume 1|pages=131–132|access-date=2010-10-11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=41Q8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA131|author=African Society, African Society. London, JSTOR (Organization)|publisher=MacMillan|year=1901}}</ref> Wabiyaashiisa ugu waaweyn waa [[Webiga Luambala|Luambala]], [[Webiga Lureco|Lureco]], Luambeze, Nicondocho iyo Jurege.<ref name="2016source">[http://www.ppa.pt/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Mo%C3%A7ambique_v02-vf.pdf DIAGNÓSTICO DE NECESSIDADES E GAPS DE CAPACIDADES], p3lp (2010)</ref> Webiga waxaa laga dhisay buundo meel u dhow [[Luambala]] halkaas oo ballaciisu yahay qiyaastii {{convert|150|m|ft}}.<ref name=Society/> == Kheyraadka macdanta == Dooxada wabiga ee ay samaysay Webiga Lugenda, oo ku qulqula daamo qoto dheer, ayaa qani ku ah [[birta]] [[Intercalation (chemistry)|intercalated]] ee [[quartz]] iyo [[granite]] dhagaxaan. [[Lime carbonate]] la kristallay ayaa sidoo kale la helaa.<ref name=Society/> [[Dhuxul]] waxaa laga soo saaraa laba goobood oo dhuxul ah, oo ku yaal labada dhinac ee wabiga, mid u dhow [[Pemba Bay]] midna u dhow magaalada [[Itule]]. Birta waxaa laga soo saaraa meelo waaweyn oo dhanka galbeed ka ah Pemba Coalfield. [[Dahab]] ayaa sidoo kale laga helaa dooxada qaybaha sare ee Webiga Rarico, oo ah wabi ku biira Webiga Lugenda.<ref name=Commons>{{Cite book|title=Papers by command, Volume 116, Part 2|page=432|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j20OAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA432|publisher=HMSO|year=1902}}</ref> == Taariikhda == Dooxada wabiga, iyo Keydka Duurjoogta Niassa oo ku dhex jira, waxay leedahay taariikh ku xiran [[Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]]. [[Jarmal|Jarmalka]], oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck|General Von Lettow-Vorbeck]], ayaa ka tallaabay Webiga Ruvuma ee [[Negomano]] waxayna galeen Mozambique oo ay haysteen [[Bortuqaal|Bortuqaaliyiintu]] si ay cunto u raadiyaan ciidamadooda. Diseembar 1917, ka dib markii uu ka tallaabay webiga, guud ahaan ciidankiisa ayaa u socday koonfurta Webiga Lugenda waxayna yimaadeen [[Metarica]]. Mid ka mid ah guutada loo diray [[Buurta Mecula]] iyaga oo raadinaya cunto ayaa lagu qasbay inay la dagaallamaan dagaal qaraar oo ay la galeen Bortuqaaliyiinta. Markhaatiyaasha dagaalkan ayaa lagu arkaa qaabka dhawr qabri oo ku yaal jiirarka buuraha ee Mecula, caasimadda degmada Niassa.<ref name=Preserve/> == Deegaanka == Dooxada Webiga Lugenda, oo ay samaysay wabiga, waa qayb ka mid ah marinka deegaanka ee hodanka ah oo ka kooban [[Messalo]] iyo Rurumana Lugenda, Messalo iyo webiyaasha Rumana, kuwaas oo samaynaya [[Keydka Qaranka ee Niassa]] iyo [[Lurio conservation area]]. Waddadan ayaa loo horumarinayaa ciyaaraha iyo dalxiiska deegaanka iyada oo la qorsheynayo kalluumeysiga, daawashada duurjoogta, raacitaanka doonyaha iyo wixii la mid ah.<ref name=zoning>{{Cite web|url=http://www.malonda.co.mz/eng/content/download/487/3723/file/Relat%C3%B3rio%20Volume%206.pdf|title=Zoning and Identification of Areas for Investment in the Agrarian Sector and Socio-Environmental Analysis for Niassa Province|access-date=2010-10-11|publisher=Ministry of Agriculture, Republic of Mozambique|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090520161432/http://www.malonda.co.mz/eng/content/download/487/3723/file/Relat%C3%B3rio%20Volume%206.pdf|archive-date=2009-05-20}}</ref> [[File:Yet another inselberg.jpg|thumb|left|An [[inselberg]]]] Lugenda Wilderness Camp, oo qayb ka ah Keydka Duurjoogta, wuxuu ku yaal daanta bari ee webiga Lugenda, oo ku dhex yaal [[Ngalongue Mountains]] ([[inselberg]]s); inselberg waa eray caalami ah oo caadi ah oo loo isticmaalo in lagu qeexo buur dhagax ah oo go'doonsan, gunti, jiirada, ama buur yar oo si lama filaan ah uga kacda meel si tartiib ah u qulqulaya ama ku dhow heer [[bannaan]].<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/289113/inselberg Inselberg], Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 29 Nov. 2009.</ref> Xeryuhu waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah nidaamka deegaanka ee duurjoogta [[Afrika]]. [[Safari]]s ayaa laga soo diyaariyaa xeradan si loogu booqdo duurjoogta Afrika. Xeradu waxay leedahay 16 teendho oo qaabka bariga Afrika ah, oo ah meel si wanaagsan loo habeeyay oo loogu talagalay dadka soo booqanaya.<ref name= reserve/><ref name="OurPristineLocation">{{cite web|url=http://www.lugenda.com/location/default.php|title=Our Pristine Location|work=lugenda.com|access-date=10 October 2010}}</ref> [[Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Pemba (Mozambique)|Pemba Airport]] waa garoonka diyaaradaha ee ugu dhow Xerada Wilderness iyo adeegyada hawada waxaa ku shaqeeya CFA Air Charters oo leh diyaarado fudud.<ref name=air>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lugenda.com/location/default.php|title=Our Pristine Location|access-date=2010-10-11|publisher=Lugenda Wilderness Camp}}</ref> Dhanka bari ee webiga, xeradu waxay leedahay waddooyin wasakh ah, oo si cadaalad ah loo ilaaliyo ujeedada safarrada safari si loo fududeeyo la socodka duurjoogta. [[Doonyaha]] waa ciyaar caan ka ah webiga, marka laga reebo fuulista [[inselbergs]] ee aagga beerta ee laga soo bilaabo "bush fly camps" ee webiga ku teedsan.<ref name=Murphy>{{Cite book|last= Murphy|first= Alan|title= Southern Africa|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781740595452/page/272 272]|access-date=2010-10-11|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781740595452|url-access= registration|publisher= Lonely Planet|year=2010|isbn= 978-1-74059-545-2}}</ref> Waxa kale oo jira soo jeedin ah in la dhiso xero kale oo dalxiiska deegaanka ah oo ku taal Webiga Lugenda, oo qiyaastii {{convert|200|km|mi}} u jirta [[Lichinga]].<ref name=Briggs>{{Cite book|last=Briggs|first=Phillip|title=Mozambique, 4th: The Bradt Travel Guide|page=208|access-date=2010-10-11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cJ8ZJaxdbIQC&pg=PA208|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|year= 2007|isbn=978-1-84162-177-7}}</ref> ;Duurjoogta iyo dhirta [[File:African wild dog3.jpg|thumb|right|Eeyaha duurjoogta ah ee Afrika]] [[Keydka Niassa]], oo loogu magac daray gobolka uu ku yaallo, wuxuu daboolayaa aag dhan {{convert|45000|km2|mi2}}. Waxay leedahay Johnston's [[impala]], Niassa [[wildebeest]] iyo Boehm's [[zebra]]. Keydku wuxuu kaloo leeyahay [[African wild dog|eeyaha duurjoogta ah]] iyo 800 ilaa 1000 libaax. Waxay leedahay 400 oo nooc oo shimbirro ah, kuwaas oo afar nooc ay yihiin kuwo caalami ahaan loo hanjabo. [[Taita falcon]], [[banded snake-eagle]] koonfureed, [[African skimmer]] iyo Starling's [[woodpecker]] waa noocyada shimbiraha ee la helay, marka laga reebo [[African pitta]] oo dhif ah.<ref name=Province>{{Cite web|url=http://www.25degreez.com/_Media/mozambique.pdf|title=Mozambique|page=3|access-date=2010-10-11|publisher=Mozambique|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707061930/http://www.25degreez.com/_Media/mozambique.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-07}}</ref> Afartan nooc oo [[kalluun]] ah ayaa laga diiwaangeliyay webiga, kaas oo ilaaliya warshad kalluumeysi oo weyn oo siiya nolol dhaqaale dadka deegaanka. Waxay leedahay dad badan oo [[Hippopotamus|hippos]] ah. [[Yaxaasyada]] ayaa laga soo wariyaa barkadaha qoto dheer ee webiga. Safari doon ayaa la sheegay inay tahay guul. Nooc cusub oo loo yaqaan [[Cordylus|girdle lizard]] ayaa la diiwaangeliyay. Kaymaha buuraha ee keydka ayaa hoy u ah tiro badan oo lacag [[hornbills]], [[African buffalo|buffalo]] iyo raxan raxan [[maroodi]] duurjoogta ah.<ref name=Preserve/> [[Black heron]], [[black rough-winged swallow]], emerald-spotted [[dove]], green-winged glossy [[starling]], [[iladadah]], [[little egret]], [[Shelley's francolin]], [[South Africa]]n [[Southern pochard|pochard]], iyo spot-headed [[Weaver (bird)|weaver]] ayaa sidoo kale soo noqnoqda aagga.<ref name="OrnithologistsUnion">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QnJNVyUmrsEC&pg=PA77|title=The Journal of the South African Ornithologists' Union|last=Gunning|first=J W B|publisher=BiblioBazaar, LLC|year=2009|isbn=978-1-110-86096-8|pages=73–74, 77–78}}</ref> Keydka Niassa oo kale waa laga sameeyay 95% biomass-ka keydka waa dhir. Waxay leedahay 21 nooc oo dhir ah iyo 191 nooc oo geedo iyo baadi ah.<ref name= reserve/> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist|2}} {{Authority control}} jzd9u543kcd1zujsckiaamejo0ejmpm 0 48910 301673 2026-07-11T10:46:06Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Lureco | image = File:Ruvuma_River_basin_map_OSM.png | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Lureco oo ku yaal khariidadda xarunta Webiga Ruvuma, oo ka soo muuqda wax yar ka hooseeya calaamadda Lugenda | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Webiga Lugenda]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-12.447449|37.634900|type:river_region:MZ|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Mozambique]] | progression = | length = 57 km | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = [[Webiga Ruvuma]] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Webiga Lureco''', oo horay loogu yeeri jiray '''Rarico''' ama '''Rureco''',<ref name="othername">[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Dicion%C3%A1rio_corogr%C3%A1fico_da_prov%C3%ADncia_d/qIs5AQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=rarico Dicionário corográfico da província de Moçambique] (1919) (Af-Bortuqiis) (bogga 50 iyo 156 waxay xigtaan Rarico inuu yahay magaca kale ee Lureco)</ref><ref name="map1965">[https://store.usgs.gov/assets/MOD/StoreFiles/NGA/1501XSD3701_geo.pdf Khariidadda - Valadim, Mozambique 1501G SD37-1], Adeegga Khariidadda Ciidanka, Corps of Engineers (1965) (waxay webiga u qoraysaa Lureco iyadoo "Rureco" ku jirto xaraf yar iyo qaws)</ref> waa wabi ku yaal [[Mozambique]]. Waa mid ka mid ah wabiyaasha ugu muhiimsan ee [[Webiga Lugenda]], oo isaguna ah wabi ku shubma [[Webiga Ruvuma]]. Wuxuu maraa [[Degmada Marrupa]] ee [[Gobolka Niassa]], iyadoo inta badan dhererkiisu uu ku yaal gudaha [[Keydka Niassa]]. Webigu waa 57 km dhererkiisu wuxuuna leeyahay aag qabasho oo dhan 960 km oo laba jibbaaran. Qiyaastii 30% qaybaha sare ee aagga qabashada ayaa ku yaal meel ka baxsan [[Keydka Niassa]].<Ref name="catchment">Sociedade para a Gestão e Desenvolvimento da Reserva do Niassa, Moçambique. [https://biblioteca.biofund.org.mz/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/1611661682-2004_Wishart_Catchment%20Mgmt%20Appproach_NNR_compressed.pdf A Catchment Based Approach to the Conservation of Rivers and Management of the Niassa Reserve], bogga 80 (2004)</ref> Sahankan la sameeyay 2004 ee wabiyaasha Keydka Niassa ayaa sheegaya in aagga qabashada wabiga ay inta badan ku badan yihiin geedo [[miombo]] ah (60%) iyo qaybta soo hartay oo ay ku jiraan geedo [[Dry miombo woodlands|savanna miombo qallalan]] (10%).<Ref name="catchment"/> Meel u dhow isgoyska Lugenda, waxaa jira tiro badan oo maroodi ah. Sahanku wuxuu soo sheegayaa laba degsiimo oo ku yaal aagga qabashada wabiga, Mpamanda iyo Mucovia.<Ref name="catchment"/> Intii lagu jiray [[Bortuqaal Mozambique|xilligii gumaysiga Bortuqiiska]], sahamin reer Yurub ah — oo u shaqaynayay wakiil ka ahaa [[Shirkadda Niassa|Shirkadda Nyassa]] — ayaa dahab ka helay sariirta webiga ee bacaadka leh waxayna ugu yeereen webiga "Rarico".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GLYtAAAAYAAJ&dq=Rarico+River&pg=PA138|title=Portuguese Nyassaland: An Account of the Discovery, Native Population, Agricultural and Mineral Resources, and Present Administration of the Territory of the Nyassa Company, with a Review of the Portuguese Rule on the East Coast of Africa|last1=Worsfold|first1=William Basil|last2=Edgcumbe|first2=Sir Edward Robert Pearce|date=1899|publisher=S. Low, Marston, Limited|language=en}}</ref><ref name="gold2">[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Handbook_of_the_Nyassa_Company/8RtFAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA33&printsec=frontcover Handbook of the Nyassa Company], bogga 33 (1898) ("Rarico, webiga magaca degmada siiya, waa kan ugu qanisan wabiyaasha Lugenda.")</ref> Waxqabadka macdanta dahabka ee miisaanka yar ayaa weli la soo sheegaa inay ka dhacaan meel u dhow wabiga.<ref name="gold2007">[https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/6673/1/Revised_abstract081206.pdf Bingen abtract untitled] (2007)("Qodista dahabka ee yar ayaa laga soo sheegay wabiyaal dhowr ah meelo kale: Rio Chimulicamuli, Rioo Lugenda, Rio Lureco.")</ref> Sannadkii 2024, [[kalluun badan]] ayaa ku dhintay wabiga, taas oo looga shakisan yahay inay sababtay kalluumaysato deegaanka ah oo sumaysay kalluunka si ay u ururiyaan oo u iibiyaan.<Ref name="fishkill">(11 Sebteembar 2024). [https://www.tvm.co.mz/novosite/2024/09/11/crime-ambiental-no-niassa-detidos-dois-suspeitos-de-envenenar-as-aguas-do-rio-lureco/ Crime ambiental no Niassa:Detidos dois suspeitos de envenenar as águas do rio Lureco], ''[[Televisão de Moçambique]]'' (Af-Bortuqiis)</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist|2}} g3xzph71pr0rgztuynfa184bp6ey0fz 0 48911 301674 2026-07-11T10:47:59Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301674 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ruvuma River basin map OSM.png|thumb|Webiga Luambala ee Xarunta Ruvuma (bidix hoose)]] '''Luambala''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Luambala}}) waa wabi ku yaal [[Mozambique]]. Wuxuu maraa [[Gobolka Niassa]] isagoo u qulqulaya jiho waqooyi-bari ilaa koonfur-galbeed. Dooxada Luambala waxaa la sahamiyay intii lagu jiray Portuguese Nyasaland. Wabiga ayaa la sheegay inuu lahaa daamo dhaadheer iyo sariir dhagax ah.<ref>''A handbook of Portuguese Nyasaland'', Great Britain. Naval Intelligence Division, Negro University Press, 1969</ref> Dhanka bari ee [[Cassembe, Mozambique|Cassembe]], Luambala wuxuu ku xirmaa [[Webiga Lugenda]] meel ku taal {{coord|13|26|12|S|36|18|20|E|}}, isagoo u qulqulaya jiho waqooyi-koonfur-koonfur-galbeed ah. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} 8ax700kc142b3r43h40gezi78p4o59x 0 48912 301675 2026-07-11T10:49:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Messalo | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Un-mozambique.png | map_size = 350px | map_caption = Khariidadda Mozambique. Messalo wuxuu ku yaal waqooyi-bari isagoo mara Gobolka Cabo Delgado. | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Kanaalka Mozambique]] | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Mozambique]] | progression = | length = {{convert|530|km|mi|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = <!--{{convert|3|m3/s|abbr=on}}--> | basin_size = {{convert|24000|km2|abbr=on}} | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Messalo''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Messalo}}) waa wabi weyn oo ku yaal waqooyi-bari [[Mozambique]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/377075/Messalo|title=Physiography of Mozambique|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=2010-10-11}}</ref> Wuxuu maraa [[Gobolka Niassa]] iyo [[Gobolka Cabo Delgado]], wuxuu maraa meel u dhow [[Chai (Degmada Macomia)|Chai]], wuxuuna ku shubaa [[Kanaalka Mozambique]] ee [[Badweynta Hindiya]] xeebta Quiterajo meel ku taal {{coord|11|40|25|S|40|26|25|E|}}. Webiga Messalo wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|530|km|mi|abbr=on}} halka Dooxada Webiga Messalo ay tahay {{convert|24000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} baaxaddeedu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unep.org/dewa/water/RiverBasin/documents/Presentations/Francisco.doc|title=Water Resources of Mozambique " and the situation of the shared rivers"|accessdate=12 October 2010|archive-date=26 June 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060626213224/http://www.unep.org/dewa/water/RiverBasin/documents/Presentations/Francisco.doc|url-status=dead}}</ref> Webigu wuxuu fatahay daamihiisa bishii Maarso 2000 intii lagu jiray [[Fatahaaddii Mozambique ee 2000]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/684059.stm|title=Floods hit northern Mozambique|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=2000-03-20|accessdate=2010-10-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unv.org/en/what-we-do/countries/mozambique/doc/unvs-assist-victims-of.html |title=UNVs assist victims of Mozambique floods |publisher=[[United Nations]] |date=2000-03-03 |accessdate=2010-10-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Mozambique flood.jpg|left|thumb|Fatahaado ka dhacay Mozambique sanadkii 2000]] Waddada 247 ayaa ka gudubta Webiga Messalo. Degsiimooyinka waaweyn ee wabiga waxaa ka mid ah [[Natulo]] iyo [[Marere]] (oo ku yaal xeebta). == Juqraafiga == Webiga Messalo wuxuu daadiyaa aag qabasho oo dhan {{convert|24000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}. Waa wabiga 8-aad ee ugu weyn 18-ka wabi ee ugu waaweyn ee daadiya Mozambique.<ref name=river>{{Cite web|url=https://www.miga.org/documents/Project_Management_Plan.pdf|title=Cabo Delgado Biodiversity and Tourism Project Management Plan (2003–2006) |accessdate=2010-10-11|publisher=Cabo Delgado Biodiversity and Tourism Lda Bairro Natite – Zonas Do Inos Av.Marginal – Pemba}}</ref> Webiga Mesalo, oo ah wabiga labaad ee ugu weyn [[Gobolka Cabo Delgado]] ee waqooyiga Mozambique, ayaa dhanka koonfureed ka xiga aagga xeebta, iyada oo ay weheliyaan suunka xeebta [[Badweynta Hindiya]], ee [[Degmada Macomia]]; xuduudaha kale ee aagga xeebta waxaa dejiyay [[Diquide]] oo koonfurta ah iyo xariiqda xeebta ee bari. Af-gudbada ayaa ka kooban {{convert|5000|ha|acre}} oo kaymo mangrove ah oo aan saameyn ku yeelan faragelinta aadanaha.<ref name=river/> ; Beerashada Beerashada, oo inta badan ah heer nololeed, oo lagu dhaqmo wabiyaasha, dhulalka qoyan iyo harooyinka u dhow tuulooyinka, waxay daboolaysaa beerashada [[bariiska]], [[cassava]], [[masago]], [[hadhuudh]], [[baradho macaan]], [[digir]] iyo [[qumbaha]]. Webiga Messalo, dhulalka cawska leh ee alluvial waxay bixiyaan ciid bacrin ah oo leh awood qoyaan-hayn xilliga qalalan. Dhulalkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa beerashada bariiska iyo dalagyo kale. Waxaa jira suurtogalnimo ah in la beero laba dalag oo [[bariis]] ah. Beero bariiska waxaa la sameeyaa Noofambar/Diseembar waxaana la goostaa agagaarka May/Juun. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira cabashooyin ku saabsan dalagyada oo ku baaba'aya sababtoo ah duurjoogta.<ref name=river/> == Duurjoogta iyo dhirta == Aagga Duurjoogta Messalo, oo loogu magac daray wabiga, waa {{convert|33000|ha|acre}} aagga safari ee gudaha. Waxaa lagu gartaa [[acacia]] iyo timir [[savannah]], kaynta xeebta, iyo dhul-kaymeedka [[miombo]]. Af-gudbada wabiga ee Messalo iyo [[Webiga Zambezi|Zambezi]] waa hoyga qaar ka mid ah kaymaha [[mangrove]] ee ugu cufan gobolka.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tLdlpOiuSmEC&pg=PA15|title=The world's mangroves, 1980–2005: a thematic study in the framework of the Global forest resources assessment 2005|publisher=Volume 153 of FAO forestry paper, [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the [[United Nations]]|page=15|year=2007|isbn=978-92-5-105856-5}}</ref> Libaax, shabeel iyo maroodi ayaa ku nool aagga.<ref name="kaskazini">{{cite web|url=http://www.kaskazini.com/ThingsToDo/Comm/VamiziIslandLodgeComm.html|title=Maluane Conservation Project|work=kaskazini.com|accessdate=12 October 2010}}</ref> *[[Nothobranchius]]* sp. Webiga Messalo MZHL 05-12, nooc ka mid ah [[kalluunka killifish]] ee ku nool Webiga Messalo ayaa sidoo kale ah nooc lagu soo bandhigo aquarium, kaas oo [[Spawn (biology)|u dhasha]] on [[peat]] ama substrate-ka u dhasha oo si buuxda u qaata xaaladaha biyaha dhexdhexaadka ah oo leh heerkulka biyaha ee kala duwan {{convert|24|-|27|C|F}}.<ref name="kaskazini"/><ref name=species>{{Cite web|url=http://www.killi.co.uk/speciesProfile/Nothobranchius/sp.%20Messalo%20river%20MZHL%2005-12/|title=Species File:Nothobranchius sp. Messalo river MZHL 05-12|accessdate=2010-10-11|publisher=Killiuk}}</ref> Af-gudbada xeebta ee wabiga, dhulalka qoyan waa meel lagu tarmo shimbiraha, dhowr [[kalluun]] iyo [[kalluunka qolofka leh]] noocyada. [[Alluvial]] dhoobada ayaa lagu shubaa af-gudbada. Guud ahaan, suunka xeebta, kaas oo koobaya af-gudbada Messalo (bar-kullanka [[kala duwanaanshaha noolaha]]), wuxuu leeyahay hodan [[badda]] [[dhirta]], marka laga reebo mangroves, sida [[cawska badda]] beero.<ref name=river/> Duurjoogta, oo inta badan aan lagu qorin gobolka aagga xeebta, waxaa ka mid ah duurjoogta badda oo ay ku jiraan [[qoolleyda]] iyo [[dugongs]] tiro badan. Duurjoogta la helay waxay ka kooban tahay maroodi, maroodi, antelopes kala duwan ([[waterbuck]], [[common eland|eland]], [[greater kudu]], [[sable]], [[suni]], [[oribi]], [[duiker]]), [[doofaar]] iyo [[primate]], [[elephant shrew]], [[ugaarsadayaal]] sida [[hyena]], [[shabeel]], [[African wild dog|eey duurjoogta ah]] (oo ku jira baakado 20 ama ka badan), [[libaax]] (oo tiro badan oo 2000 ama ka badan); [[maroodiga Afrika]] iyo noocyada eeyaha duurjoogta ah ayaa loo kala saaray 'halis' ee [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals]]. Maroodi, [[black rhinoceros]], [[impala]], [[zebra]], [[Lichtenstein's hartebeest]], [[wildebeest]], [[cheetah]] iyo [[reedbuck]], in kasta oo la soo sheegay wixii hore, waxay sugayaan xaqiijin dheeraad ah. Aagga xeebta ma laha dad bini'aadam ah oo ku jira xuduudaheeda, marka laga reebo dhowr tuulo oo ku teedsan {{convert|10|km|mi}} oo ah waddada weyn ee Mocimboa de Praia (waddada Macomia-Mocimboa) oo xuduud la leh xadka mashruuca. Kalluumeysiga waa xirfad muhiim u ah dadka ku nool [[af-gudbada]], in kasta oo "kalluumaysatada ku meel gaadhka ah" ee kula tartamaya hawshan dhaqaale ay tahay mid aan faa'iido lahayn. [[Molluscs]] iyo [[kalluunka qolofka leh]] waxaa ururiya haweenka aagga intertidal si ay u isticmaalaan. [[Qajaarka badda]] ayaa sidoo kale la goostaa oo la qalajiyaa si loogu iibiyo ganacsi. Cad [[Lime (material)|lime]] ama qalabka dhismaha waxaa lagu soo saaraa iyadoo la isticmaalayo noocyo gaar ah oo [[Gastropoda|gastropods]] (*Chicoreus ramosus*, *Fasciolaria trapezium*).<ref name=river/> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} e6h5j4a7z7zeiq2p3d746515rx5hb79 0 48913 301676 2026-07-11T10:51:40Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301676 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WORSFOLD(1899) p087 THE MONTEPUESI RIVER.jpg|thumbnail|Webiga Montepuez (1899)]] [[File:Rivers of northern Mozambique OSM.png|thumb|Webiga Montepuez ee waqooyiga Mozambique (dhexda midig)]] '''Webiga Montepuez''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Mozambique]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfurta [[Webiga Ruvuma]], waxaana lagu gartaa qulqulo xilliyeed iyo daamo ay hareereeyeen dhulal qoyan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/coastal_east_africa|title=Coastal East Africa|publisher=Feow.org|accessdate=10 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 7b46b05z0zimcp4lyk01nyjmbcesojm 0 48914 301677 2026-07-11T10:53:31Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301677 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rivers of northern Mozambique OSM.png|thumb|Webiga Lúrio ee waqooyiga Mozambique (dhexda, dhexda midig)]] '''Lúrio''' waa wabi ku yaal waqooyi-bari [[Mozambique]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfurta [[Webiga Ruvuma]] wuxuuna ku shubaa badda wax yar koonfurta [[Pemba Bay]].<ref name="Alpers1975">{{cite book|last=Alpers|first=Edward A.|title=Ivory and Slaves: Changing Pattern of International Trade in East Central Africa to the Later Nineteenth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uKYYwVTyOm0C&pg=PA183|date=January 1975|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-02689-6|page=183}}</ref> Wabiga waxaa lagu gartaa qulqulo xilliyeed iyo daamo ay hareereeyeen dhulal qoyan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/coastal_east_africa|title=Coastal East Africa|publisher=Feow.org|accessdate=10 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Waxaa jira biyo-dhac caan ah oo ku yaal wabiga. Dawladda Mozambique waxay qorshaynaysaa inay ka dhisto warshad koronto oo 120-megawatt ah wabiga si ay koronto u siiso gobollada ku hareeraysan ee [[Gobolka Nampula]] iyo [[Gobolka Cabo Delgado]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2014/04/01/mozambican-government-plans-to-build-hydroelectric-plant-on-lurio-river/ |title=Mozambican government plans to build hydroelectric plant on Lúrio River|publisher=Macauhub.com|accessdate=10 August 2014|date=1 April 2014}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Commons}} {{coord|13.5137|S|40.5238|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lurio River}} 0i4srx6rg3euymgaotjy6wuq7yt7t8o 0 48915 301678 2026-07-11T10:55:23Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301678 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rivers of northern Mozambique OSM.png|thumb|Webiga Monapo ee waqooyiga Mozambique (dhexda midig)]] '''Webiga Monapo''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Mozambique]]. Wuxuu maraa magaalada [[Monapo]] iyo [[Degmada Monapo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geotop.ca/upload/files/publications/chercheur/Rowe_C/Miller%20etal_2013.pdf|author=Jodie A. Millera |author2=Carly Fabera |author3=Christie D. Roweb |author4=Paul H. Macey |author5=Anton du Plessisea |title=Eastward transport of the Monapo Klippe, Mozambique determinedfrom field kinematics and computed tomography and implications forlate tectonics in central Gondwana|publisher=[[Precambrian Research]], [[Elsevier]]|access-date=10 August 2014|format=PDF}}</ref> Wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfurta [[Webiga Ruvuma]], waxaana lagu gartaa qulqulo xilliyeed iyo daamo ay hareereeyeen dhulal qoyan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/coastal_east_africa|title=Coastal East Africa|publisher=Feow.org|access-date=10 August 2014}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{coord|-14.92642|40.32825|type:river_globe:earth_region:MZ|display=title}} 021pzuh3tcurlk853rk8txcx617ha4v 0 48916 301679 2026-07-11T10:57:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Licungo | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = Rivers of northern Mozambique OSM.png | image_caption = Webiga Licungo ee waqooyiga Mozambique (dhexda hoose) | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Mozambique]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Degmada Gurué]], Mozambique | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|15|25|5.96|S|36|58|41.15|E}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Kanaalka Mozambique]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|17|40|48.6|S|37|20|15.62|E}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = }} '''Licungo''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Mozambique]] oo ku yaal [[Gobolka Zambezia]]. Wabigu wuxuu ka bilaabmaa waqooyiga [[Gurúè]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfurta dhanka Badweynta Hindiya. Isagoo ka baxaya [[Degmada Gurué]], wabigu wuxuu sameeyaa xuduudda u dhaxaysa [[Degmada Namarroi]] iyo [[Degmada Ile]] ka dibna xuduudda koonfureed ee [[Degmada Lugela]] ka hor inta uusan gelin [[Degmada Mocuba]]. Magaalada [[Mocuba]], Licungo waxaa ku biira wabiga Lugela oo ka qulqulaya meel u dhow xuduudda [[Malawi]]. Wabigu wuxuu markaas sameeyaa xuduudda u dhaxaysa degmooyinka [[Degmada Namacurra]] iyo [[Degmada Maganja da Costa]]. Fatahaaddu waa arrin soo noqnoqota, oo ay ku jirto [[Fatahaaddii Mozambique ee 2000]].<ref>[http://www.poptel.org.uk/mozambique-news/newsletter/floods2.html Kariba warns that floodgates will open this week] Wakaaladda Wararka Mozambique</ref> Fatahaadihii Janaayo 2015 waxay sababeen 64 dhimasho ah, buundada Waddada Qaranka 1 ee Mocuba way burburtay.<ref>{{cite web |title=País dividido: Águas do rio Licungo inundam distrito de Mocuba |url=http://infodiario.co.mz/articles/detail_article/4389 |website=infodiario.co.mz |language=Af-Bortuqiis}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vale de lágrimas na bacia do Licungo |url=http://www.jornaldomingo.co.mz/index.php/reportagem/4650-vale-de-lagrimas-na-bacia-do-licungo |website=www.jornaldomingo.co.mz |language=Af-Bortuqiis}}</ref> Sannadkii 2018, dooxadu waxay diiradda saartay hindisaha khariidaynta ee Machadka Qaranka ee Maareynta Musiibooyinka (INGC),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rm.co.mz/index.php/component/k2/item/2247-ingc-lanca-projecto-atlas-de-resposta-aos-desastres-na-bacia-do-licungo.html|title=INGC lança Projecto Atlas de resposta aos desastres na Bacia do Licungo|trans-title=INGC launches Atlas Project to respond to disasters in the Licungo Basin|date=2018-07-17|publisher=Rádio Moçambique|language=pt}}</ref> oo ay taageerayso [[Barnaamijka Cunnada Adduunka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/wfp_mozambique/status/1004659850587099136?s=19|title=#HappeningNow : National Institute for Disaster Management (INGC) holds the 1st technical meeting for the mapping of the Licungo River Basin, in Zambézia province, to reduce disaster risks and facilitate emergency response planning. With @WFP in #Mozambique support.|date=2018-06-07}}</ref> Dooxada waxaa sidoo kale qiimeeyay kooxda Dhimista Khatarta ee Nederland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drrteam-dsswater.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/DRR-report-Mozambique-Licungo-Final-Report-15-June-2015.pdf|title=Dutch Risk Reduction Team: Reducing the risk of water related disasters|date=2015-06-15|publisher=Kingdom of the Netherlands}}</ref> Meelaha beeruhu ka mid yihiin bannaanka Munda Munda<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dutchwatersector.com/solutions/projects/71-munda-munda-irrigation-project.html|title=Munda Munda Irrigation Project|date=2010-11-01|publisher=Dutch Water Sector}}</ref> iyo beeraha sonkorta ee Sena. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} kqa1c8ura6bdya4rbj7c3eoghn9zvml 0 48917 301680 2026-07-11T10:59:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301680 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Chinde''' waa [[wabi-laan]] ka mid ah [[delta-da wabiga]] [[Zambezi]] ee [[Mozambique]]. Magaalada [[Chinde]] ayaa ku taal xeebaha wabiga.<ref name="eb"> {{cite encyclopedia | url = http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9000673/Chinde | title = Chinde | accessdate = 2007-03-25 | encyclopedia = Britannica Online | publisher = [[Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc]] }}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.filatelia.fi/articles/mozambique.html#chinde Khariidadda muujinaysa Webiga Chinde] {{coord|18|35|S|36|28|E|region:MZ_type:city|display=title}} h8km8c8z9uso4w0f1syxltwpy6yrhhh 0 48918 301681 2026-07-11T11:01:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Revúboé | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_caption = | map = Revuboe Basin OSM.svg | map_size = | map_caption = Dooxada Revuboe | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = Mozambique | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{convert|187.95|mi|km|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Buuraha Mozambique | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = Webiga Zambezi | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-16.1789|33.6185|type:river_region:MZ|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Revúboé''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Mozambique]]. Wabigu waa [[wabi-laan]] weyn oo joogto ah oo ku shubma [[Webiga Zambezi]]. == Sharaxaad == Isagoo ka soo jeeda buuraha ku teedsan xuduudda waqooyi ee Mozambique iyo [[Malawi]], Revúboé wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfurta dherer dhan dhowr boqol oo kiiloomitir isagoo maraya dhul qallafsan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hub.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/risky-climate-southern-african-hydro-assessing-hydrological-risks-and-consequences-zambezi-river-basin-dams/lower-zambezi-region|title=The lower Zambezi region {{!}} Global CCS Institute|website=hub.globalccsinstitute.com|access-date=2019-05-27}}</ref> Inta uu u socdo koonfurta, wabiga waxaa quudiya dhowr wabi oo yaryar, kuwaas oo ugu caansan ay yihiin wabiyaasha Ponfi iyo Condedezi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zapper.xitizap.com/xitizap%2032/index_files/Page369.htm|title=Cahora Bassa - jusante|website=zapper.xitizap.com|access-date=2019-05-27}}</ref> Revuboe wuxuu ku shubaa dhanka bidix ee Webiga Zambezi meel u dhow magaalada [[Tete, Mozambique|Tete]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gG2MDwAAQBAJ&q=Revuboe+River&pg=PA90|title=Mines, Communities, and States: The Local Politics of Natural Resource Extraction in Africa|last=Steinberg|first=Jessica|date=2019-04-11|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781108476935|language=en}}</ref> === Dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale === Revúboé wuxuu maraa meel u dhow qaar ka mid ah kaydka ugu waaweyn ee dhuxusha iyo kookaha ee Mozambique; sidaas darteed, dhowr mashruuc oo waaweyn oo macdanta ah ayaa biyo ka soo saara wabiga si ay ugu isticmaalaan hawlaha macdanta.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Mining, Resettlement and Lost Livelihoods: Listening to the Voices of Resettled Communities in Mualadzi, Mozambique | url=https://www.im4dc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Mozambique-FR-1psum-appr.pdf | archive-date=2016-06-03}}</ref> Dhowr warshadood oo koronto-dhaliyaha biyaha (hydroelectric) ayaa ku yaal wabiga dhexdiisa. Revuboe waxaa loo tixgeliyey goob loogu talagalay warshado kale oo koronto-dhaliyaha biyaha ah.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Serafim |first=Tiago |title=Evaluation of potential sites for the construction of hydropower plants in the Revuboe River |url=https://www.academia.edu/30545519}}</ref> Biyaha iyo nafaqooyinka wabiga ee ka yimaada waqooyiga dalka ayaa kiciya beeraha inta uu wabigu marayo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.guernicamag.com/mozambiques-mining-boomtown/|title=Mozambique's Mining Boomtown|last=Gerety|first=Rowan Moore|date=2013-05-15|website=Guernica|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-27}}</ref> Dhulkii u dhow afka wabiga ayaa ahaan jiray beerro bacrin ah, laakiin raritaankii ay dawladdu garwadeenka ka ahayd ee beeralayda (oo loo sameeyay si loo nadiifiyo dhulka mashaariicda macdanta) sanadihii 2010-kii ayaa keentay hoos u dhac ku yimaada dhaqdhaqaaqa beeraha.<ref name=":0" /> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} hxzckck0qa80hupc7lyyqq7g50j29ln 0 48919 301682 2026-07-11T11:03:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Muar | image = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = Mozambique location map.svg | map_alt = Khariidadda Mozambique | map_caption = Mozambique | source1_location = | mouth_location = | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Mozambique]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Sofala|Sofala]] | etymology = | length = {{convert|0.025|km|mi|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Webiga Muar''' ('''Rio Muar''') waa [[wabi-yar]] ku yaal gobolka [[Gobolka Sofala|Sofala]] ee dalka [[Mozambique]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.geonames.org/1036659/rio-muar.html |title=Rio Muar, Mozambique |publisher=[[GeoNames]] }}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska wabiyaasha Mozambique]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|-20.74917|34.46417|region:MZ_type:river|display=title}} jtsbgpishd4exto06idd0yc56ydg5bj 0 48920 301683 2026-07-11T11:05:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301683 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:The Crocodile River traverses South Africa ESA418736, Matola & Infulene.jpg|thumb|right|Webiga Matola dhanka bidix, iyo [[Webiga Infulene]] dhanka midig, oo ay sawirtay [[Sentinel-2]]]] '''Webiga Matola''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Matola}}) waa wabi ku yaal [[Gobolka Maputo]] ee dalka [[Mozambique]]. Wuxuu leeyahay dherer dhan 60 kiiloomitir wuxuuna ku shubaa [[Estuário do Espírito Santo]], oo ay ku yaallaan magaalooyinka [[Maputo]] iyo [[Dekedda Maputo]]. Wabiga waxaa hore loogu yeeri jiray Espírito Santo, kaas oo keenay magaca af-gudbada uu la wadaago saddex wabi oo kale: [[Webiga Tembe|Tembe]], [[Webiga Mbuluzi|Mbuluzi]], iyo [[Webiga Infulene]].<ref name=A>{{cite journal|last=Matsinhe|first=Isaac Isaias|title=Country Contribution, Mozambique|journal=International Course on Port Management|year=1989|pages=20|url=http://www.saber.ac.mz/bitstream/10857/3497/1/TM.Eco-011.pdf|accessdate=6 December 2012|language=en}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{coord|-25.9920|32.4725|type:river_region:MZ|format=dms|display=title}} g57ae10eg5ezjjovq7yj66crpffghdo 0 48921 301684 2026-07-11T11:07:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301684 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2010-10-18 10-51-00 Mozambique Maputo M. Batista.jpg|thumb|right|Af-gudbada Webiga Tembe ee ku shubma Estuário do Espírito Santo iyadoo Webiga Mbuluzi uu ku jiro gadaal.]] '''Webiga Tembe''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Tembe}}) wuxuu ku yaal [[Gobolka Maputo]], [[Mozambique]]. Isaga oo ay weheliyaan wabiyaasha [[Webiga Matola|Matola]], [[Webiga Mbuluzi|Umbuluzi]], iyo [[Webiga Infulene|Infulene]], wuxuu sameeyaa [[Estuário do Espírito Santo]], halkaas oo caasimadda [[Maputo]] ay ku taal, iyo dekedda ugu weyn dalka, [[Dekedda Maputo]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Gomes|first=M.|title=Moçambique, 1896-1898|year=1899}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} eygckubeku2ke2109hslp036c41unhc 0 48922 301685 2026-07-11T11:07:59Z BARRE IBRAAHIM FAARAX 46449 Abuuray iyadoo la turjumay qaybta furitaanka ee bogga "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362966404|Lebensraum]]" 301685 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Map_of_the_Greater_German_Reich.svg|thumb|Xuduudaha la soo jeediyay ee "Reich-ka Jarmalka Weyn" (oo ay ku jiraan dhulalka saamaynta suurtagalka ah iyo maxmiyadaha,fikarkani waan dadka jarmalka ay yurubta bari isku balaadhiyaan oo dadka ay u arkaan dad hoose inay meesha ka saaraan), sida laga soo xigtay Machadka Taariikhda Casriga ah ee Munich: <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />{{legend|#008000|Greater Germanic Reich}}]] {{IPA|de|ˈleːbənsˌʁaʊm|-|De-Lebensraum.ogg}}<span class="gloss-quot">'</span> <span class="gloss-text">meel nololeed</span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) <ref>{{Cite web|location=The Beer Hall Putsch}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/the-nazi-party-1#the-beer-hall-putsch-2 "The Nazi Party"]. ''United States Holocaust Memorial Museum''. The Beer Hall Putsch<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> waa fikrad Jarmal ah oo ku saabsan fidinta iyo qarannimada ''Völkisch'', falsafadda iyo siyaasadaheeda oo caan ku ahaa siyaasadda Jarmalka laga soo bilaabo 1890-meeyadii ilaa 1940-meeyadii. Markii ugu horreysay waxaa caan noqday qiyaastii 1901, <ref name="WM&ZR">{{Cite book|last=William Mallinson|url=http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/63397|title=The Threat of Geopolitics to International Relations: Obsession with the Heartland|last2=Zoran Ristic|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|year=2016|isbn=978-1-4438-9738-9|at=p. 3 (19 / 30 in PDF)|chapter=The Political Poisoning of Geography|access-date=2017-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122024047/http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/63397|archive-date=2020-01-22|url-status=dead}} ''[Also in:]'' {{Cite book|last=Gearóid Ó Tuathail|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q4z31O4RWg0C&q=Ratzel+lebensraum|title=Critical Geopolitics: The Politics of Writing Global Space|last2=Gerard Toal|publisher=U of Minnesota Press|year=1996|isbn=978-0816626038|pages=37–38|via=Google Books}}</ref> {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}} wuxuu noqday yool juqraafi siyaasadeed oo Boqortooyadii Jarmalka ee [[Dagaalkii Dunida Kowaad|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]] (1914–1918), oo ah qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee barnaamijka {{Lang|de|[[Septemberprogramm]]}} ballaadhinta dhuleed. <ref name="E/N301">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/penguindictionar0000evan|title=Penguin Dictionary of International relations|publisher=Penguin Books|year=1998|isbn=978-0140513974|editor-last=Graham Evans|page=[https://archive.org/details/penguindictionar0000evan/page/301 301]|id=[http://www.yourvietbooks.com/2015/04/ir-one-definition-day-geopolitics.html Geopolitics (excerpt).]|editor-last2=Jeffrey Newnham|url-access=registration}}</ref> Nooca ugu Xagjirsan ee fikraddan waxaa dhiirrigeliyay oo bilaabay Xisbiga Naasiga, kaasoo xukumayay Jarmalka Naasiga, oo hadafkiisa ugu dambeeya uu ahaa inuu dhiso Reich-ka Jarmalka Weyn . {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}} wuxuu ahaa dhiirigelin ugu weyn ee Jarmalka Nazi-ka ah ee bilaabista [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], wuxuuna sii wadi doonaa siyaasaddan ilaa dhamaadka colaadda. [[Category:Articles containing German-language text]] Ka dib markii Adolf Hitler qabsaday awoodda, {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}} wuxuu noqday aydhiyoolajiyad ee Naziismka wuxuuna cadeeyay in la caddeeyo ballaarinta dhulka Jarmalka ee Badhtamaha iyo Bariga Yurub. Siyaasadda Nazi {{Lang|de|[[Generalplan Ost]]}} (oo ah 'Qorshaha ugu weyn Bariga') waxay ku saleysan tahay mabaadi'da. [[Category:Articles containing German-language text]] <span data-ve-ignore="" style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x2009;</span> Waxay ku qeexday in Jarmalka uu u baahan yahay ''{{Lang|de|Lebensraum}}'' lagama maarmaan u ah badbaadadeeda iyo in inta badan dadka ku nool Bardhtamaha iyo Bariga Yurub si joogto ah looga saaro (ha ahaato mustaafuris ballaadhan oo loo mustaafuriyo Siberia, xasuuq, ama addoonsi), oo ay ku jiraan Polish, Yukreeniyaan, Ruush, Belarusian, Czech, iyo waddamo kale oo Slavic ah oo loo arko inay yihiin kuwa aan ahayn Aryan . Dowladdii Nazi-ga waxay higsaneysay inay dhulkan dib ugu celiso gumeystayaashii Jarmalka iyagoo adeegsanaya magaca {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}} intii lagu jiray iyo ka dib Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. <ref name="Mineau180">{{Cite book|last=Mineau|first=André|title=Operation Barbarossa: Ideology and Ethics Against Human Dignity|date=2004|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=978-90-420-1633-0|page=180}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMineau2004">Mineau, André (2004). ''Operation Barbarossa: Ideology and Ethics Against Human Dignity''. Rodopi. p.&nbsp;180. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-90-420-1633-0|<bdi>978-90-420-1633-0</bdi>]].</cite></ref> <ref name="Baranowski141">{{Cite book|last=Baranowski|first=Shelley|title=Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler|date=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85739-0|page=141}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBaranowski2011">Baranowski, Shelley (2011). ''Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler''. Cambridge University Press. p.&nbsp;141. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85739-0|<bdi>978-0-521-85739-0</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Dadkii oo dhan waxaa ku dhacay gaajo; wixii ka badan beeraha waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu quudiyo Jarmalka. <ref name="Mineau180" /> Dadka Yuhuudda ah ayaa [[Holokost|si toos ah loo baabi'in lahaa]] . Barnaamijka istaraatiijiyadeed ee Hitler ee Jarmalka Weyn wuxuu ku salaysnaa aaminsanaanta awoodda {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}}, gaar ahaan marka ay daba socdaan bulsho qowmiyad ahaan ka sarraysa. <ref name="Baranowski141">{{Cite book|last=Baranowski|first=Shelley|title=Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler|date=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85739-0|page=141}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBaranowski2011">Baranowski, Shelley (2011). ''Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler''. Cambridge University Press. p.&nbsp;141. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85739-0|<bdi>978-0-521-85739-0</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Dadka loo arko inay qayb ka yihiin jinsiyadaha aan Aryan ahayn, gudaha dhul balaadhinta {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}} , waa la saarayay ama la burburiyay. <ref name="Baranowski141" /> Faa'iidooyinka aasaasiga ah ee {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}} waxay u qaadatay inay tahay xuquuqda Isirka sareeyaJarmalka ee Aryan ( {{Lang|de|Herrenvolk}} ) in dadka asalka uh ah lagasaaro magaca deegaankooda. Waxay fikraddan ka heleen dhiirigelin ka timid meel ka baxsan Jarmalka, gaar ahaan gumeysiga Yurub ee Waqooyiga Ameerika . <ref name="Baranowski141" /> Hitler iyo saraakiishii Nazi waxay si gaar ah u danaynayeen qaddarka muuqda, waxayna isku dayeen inay ku celceliyaan Yurubta la haysto. Jarmalka Naasiga ayaa sidoo kale taageeray fikradaha kale ee dhul-ballaardhinta awoodaha Axiska sida {{Lang|it|[[spazio vitale]]}} ee Faashiiyiinta Talyaaniga . iyo {{Lang|ja-Latn|[[hakkō ichiu]]}} ee Boqortooyada Japan <ref>{{Cite book|last=Mark Mazower|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=opefF4rAL6YC&q=Italy+living+space|title=Hitler's Empire: Nazi Rule in Occupied Europe|publisher=Penguin UK|year=2013|isbn=978-0141917504|page=431|orig-year=2008|via=Google Books}}</ref> 71pxah6tqm1na5r5g5lzipkipxms8t5 301686 301685 2026-07-11T11:09:07Z BARRE IBRAAHIM FAARAX 46449 Abuuray iyadoo la turjumay qaybta "__LEAD_SECTION__" ee bogga "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362966404|Lebensraum]]" 301686 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Map_of_the_Greater_German_Reich.svg|thumb|Xuduudaha la soo jeediyay ee "Reich-ka Jarmalka Weyn" (oo ay ku jiraan dhulalka saamaynta suurtagalka ah iyo maxmiyadaha,fikarkani waan dadka jarmalka ay yurubta bari isku balaadhiyaan oo dadka ay u arkaan dad hoose inay meesha ka saaraan), sida laga soo xigtay Machadka Taariikhda Casriga ah ee Munich: <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />{{legend|#008000|Greater Germanic Reich}}]] {{IPA|de|ˈleːbənsˌʁaʊm|-|De-Lebensraum.ogg}}<span class="gloss-quot">'</span> <span class="gloss-text">meel nololeed</span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) <ref>{{Cite web|location=The Beer Hall Putsch}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/the-nazi-party-1#the-beer-hall-putsch-2 "The Nazi Party"]. ''United States Holocaust Memorial Museum''. The Beer Hall Putsch<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> waa fikrad Jarmal ah oo ku saabsan fidinta iyo qarannimada ''Völkisch'', falsafadda iyo siyaasadaheeda oo caan ku ahaa siyaasadda Jarmalka laga soo bilaabo 1890-meeyadii ilaa 1940-meeyadii. Markii ugu horreysay waxaa caan noqday qiyaastii 1901, <ref name="WM&ZR">{{Cite book|last=William Mallinson|url=http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/63397|title=The Threat of Geopolitics to International Relations: Obsession with the Heartland|last2=Zoran Ristic|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|year=2016|isbn=978-1-4438-9738-9|at=p. 3 (19 / 30 in PDF)|chapter=The Political Poisoning of Geography|access-date=2017-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122024047/http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/63397|archive-date=2020-01-22|url-status=dead}} ''[Also in:]'' {{Cite book|last=Gearóid Ó Tuathail|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q4z31O4RWg0C&q=Ratzel+lebensraum|title=Critical Geopolitics: The Politics of Writing Global Space|last2=Gerard Toal|publisher=U of Minnesota Press|year=1996|isbn=978-0816626038|pages=37–38|via=Google Books}}</ref> {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}} wuxuu noqday yool juqraafi siyaasadeed oo Boqortooyadii Jarmalka ee [[Dagaalkii Dunida Kowaad|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]] (1914–1918), oo ah qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee barnaamijka {{Lang|de|[[Septemberprogramm]]}} ballaadhinta dhuleed. <ref name="E/N301">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/penguindictionar0000evan|title=Penguin Dictionary of International relations|publisher=Penguin Books|year=1998|isbn=978-0140513974|editor-last=Graham Evans|page=[https://archive.org/details/penguindictionar0000evan/page/301 301]|id=[http://www.yourvietbooks.com/2015/04/ir-one-definition-day-geopolitics.html Geopolitics (excerpt).]|editor-last2=Jeffrey Newnham|url-access=registration}}</ref> Nooca ugu Xagjirsan ee fikraddan waxaa dhiirrigeliyay oo bilaabay Xisbiga Naasiga, kaasoo xukumayay Jarmalka Naasiga, oo hadafkiisa ugu dambeeya uu ahaa inuu dhiso Reich-ka Jarmalka Weyn . {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}} wuxuu ahaa dhiirigelin ugu weyn ee Jarmalka Nazi-ka ah ee bilaabista [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], wuxuuna sii wadi doonaa siyaasaddan ilaa dhamaadka colaadda. [[Category:Articles containing German-language text]] Ka dib markii Adolf Hitler qabsaday awoodda, {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}} wuxuu noqday aydhiyoolajiyad ee Naziismka wuxuuna cadeeyay in la caddeeyo ballaarinta dhulka Jarmalka ee Badhtamaha iyo Bariga Yurub. Siyaasadda Nazi {{Lang|de|[[Generalplan Ost]]}} (oo ah 'Qorshaha ugu weyn Bariga') waxay ku saleysan tahay mabaadi'da. [[Category:Articles containing German-language text]] <span data-ve-ignore="" style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x2009;</span> Waxay ku qeexday in Jarmalka uu u baahan yahay ''{{Lang|de|Lebensraum}}'' lagama maarmaan u ah badbaadadeeda iyo in inta badan dadka ku nool Bardhtamaha iyo Bariga Yurub si joogto ah looga saaro (ha ahaato mustaafuris ballaadhan oo loo mustaafuriyo Siberia, xasuuq, ama addoonsi), oo ay ku jiraan Polish, Yukreeniyaan, Ruush, Belarusian, Czech, iyo waddamo kale oo Slavic ah oo loo arko inay yihiin kuwa aan ahayn Aryan . Dowladdii Nazi-ga waxay higsaneysay inay dhulkan dib ugu celiso gumeystayaashii Jarmalka iyagoo adeegsanaya magaca {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}} intii lagu jiray iyo ka dib Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. <ref name="Mineau180">{{Cite book|last=Mineau|first=André|title=Operation Barbarossa: Ideology and Ethics Against Human Dignity|date=2004|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=978-90-420-1633-0|page=180}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMineau2004">Mineau, André (2004). ''Operation Barbarossa: Ideology and Ethics Against Human Dignity''. Rodopi. p.&nbsp;180. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-90-420-1633-0|<bdi>978-90-420-1633-0</bdi>]].</cite></ref> <ref name="Baranowski141">{{Cite book|last=Baranowski|first=Shelley|title=Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler|date=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85739-0|page=141}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBaranowski2011">Baranowski, Shelley (2011). ''Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler''. Cambridge University Press. p.&nbsp;141. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85739-0|<bdi>978-0-521-85739-0</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Dadkii oo dhan waxaa ku dhacay gaajo; wixii ka badan beeraha waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu quudiyo Jarmalka. <ref name="Mineau180" /> Dadka Yuhuudda ah ayaa [[Holokost|si toos ah loo baabi'in lahaa]] . Barnaamijka istaraatiijiyadeed ee Hitler ee Jarmalka Weyn wuxuu ku salaysnaa aaminsanaanta awoodda {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}}, gaar ahaan marka ay daba socdaan bulsho qowmiyad ahaan ka sarraysa. <ref name="Baranowski141">{{Cite book|last=Baranowski|first=Shelley|title=Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler|date=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85739-0|page=141}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBaranowski2011">Baranowski, Shelley (2011). ''Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler''. Cambridge University Press. p.&nbsp;141. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85739-0|<bdi>978-0-521-85739-0</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Dadka loo arko inay qayb ka yihiin jinsiyadaha aan Aryan ahayn, gudaha dhul balaadhinta {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}} , waa la saarayay ama la burburiyay. <ref name="Baranowski141" /> Faa'iidooyinka aasaasiga ah ee {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}} waxay u qaadatay inay tahay xuquuqda Isirka sareeyaJarmalka ee Aryan ( {{Lang|de|Herrenvolk}} ) in dadka asalka uh ah lagasaaro magaca deegaankooda. Waxay fikraddan ka heleen dhiirigelin ka timid meel ka baxsan Jarmalka, gaar ahaan gumeysiga Yurub ee Waqooyiga Ameerika . <ref name="Baranowski141" /> Hitler iyo saraakiishii Nazi waxay si gaar ah u danaynayeen qaddarka muuqda, waxayna isku dayeen inay ku celceliyaan Yurubta la haysto. Jarmalka Naasiga ayaa sidoo kale taageeray fikradaha kale ee dhul-ballaardhinta awoodaha Axiska sida {{Lang|it|[[spazio vitale]]}} ee Faashiiyiinta Talyaaniga . iyo {{Lang|ja-Latn|[[hakkō ichiu]]}} ee Boqortooyada Japan <ref>{{Cite book|last=Mark Mazower|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=opefF4rAL6YC&q=Italy+living+space|title=Hitler's Empire: Nazi Rule in Occupied Europe|publisher=Penguin UK|year=2013|isbn=978-0141917504|page=431|orig-year=2008|via=Google Books}}</ref> == __LEAD_SECTION__ == [[File:Map_of_the_Greater_German_Reich.svg|thumb|Xuduudaha la soo jeediyay ee "Reich-ka Jarmalka Weyn" (oo ay ku jiraan dhulalka saamaynta suurtagalka ah iyo maxmiyadaha,fikarkani waan dadka jarmalka ay yurubta bari isku balaadhiyaan oo dadka ay u arkaan dad hoose inay meesha ka saaraan), sida laga soo xigtay Machadka Taariikhda Casriga ah ee Munich: <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />{{legend|#008000|Greater Germanic Reich}}]] {{IPA|de|ˈleːbənsˌʁaʊm|-|De-Lebensraum.ogg}}<span class="gloss-quot">'</span> <span class="gloss-text">meel nololeed</span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) <ref>{{Cite web|location=The Beer Hall Putsch}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/the-nazi-party-1#the-beer-hall-putsch-2 "The Nazi Party"]. ''United States Holocaust Memorial Museum''. The Beer Hall Putsch<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> waa fikrad Jarmal ah oo ku saabsan fidinta iyo qarannimada ''Völkisch'', falsafadda iyo siyaasadaheeda oo caan ku ahaa siyaasadda Jarmalka laga soo bilaabo 1890-meeyadii ilaa 1940-meeyadii. Markii ugu horreysay waxaa caan noqday qiyaastii 1901, <ref name="WM&ZR">{{Cite book|last=William Mallinson|url=http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/63397|title=The Threat of Geopolitics to International Relations: Obsession with the Heartland|last2=Zoran Ristic|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|year=2016|isbn=978-1-4438-9738-9|at=p. 3 (19 / 30 in PDF)|chapter=The Political Poisoning of Geography|access-date=2017-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122024047/http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/63397|archive-date=2020-01-22|url-status=dead}} ''[Also in:]'' {{Cite book|last=Gearóid Ó Tuathail|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q4z31O4RWg0C&q=Ratzel+lebensraum|title=Critical Geopolitics: The Politics of Writing Global Space|last2=Gerard Toal|publisher=U of Minnesota Press|year=1996|isbn=978-0816626038|pages=37–38|via=Google Books}}</ref> {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}} wuxuu noqday yool juqraafi siyaasadeed oo Boqortooyadii Jarmalka ee [[Dagaalkii Dunida Kowaad|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]] (1914–1918), oo ah qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee barnaamijka {{Lang|de|[[Septemberprogramm]]}} ballaadhinta dhuleed. <ref name="E/N301">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/penguindictionar0000evan|title=Penguin Dictionary of International relations|publisher=Penguin Books|year=1998|isbn=978-0140513974|editor-last=Graham Evans|page=[https://archive.org/details/penguindictionar0000evan/page/301 301]|id=[http://www.yourvietbooks.com/2015/04/ir-one-definition-day-geopolitics.html Geopolitics (excerpt).]|editor-last2=Jeffrey Newnham|url-access=registration}}</ref> Nooca ugu Xagjirsan ee fikraddan waxaa dhiirrigeliyay oo bilaabay Xisbiga Naasiga, kaasoo xukumayay Jarmalka Naasiga, oo hadafkiisa ugu dambeeya uu ahaa inuu dhiso Reich-ka Jarmalka Weyn . {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}} wuxuu ahaa dhiirigelin ugu weyn ee Jarmalka Nazi-ka ah ee bilaabista [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Aduunka|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], wuxuuna sii wadi doonaa siyaasaddan ilaa dhamaadka colaadda. [[Category:Articles containing German-language text]] Ka dib markii Adolf Hitler qabsaday awoodda, {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}} wuxuu noqday aydhiyoolajiyad ee Naziismka wuxuuna cadeeyay in la caddeeyo ballaarinta dhulka Jarmalka ee Badhtamaha iyo Bariga Yurub. Siyaasadda Nazi {{Lang|de|[[Generalplan Ost]]}} (oo ah 'Qorshaha ugu weyn Bariga') waxay ku saleysan tahay mabaadi'da. [[Category:Articles containing German-language text]] <span data-ve-ignore="" style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x2009;</span> Waxay ku qeexday in Jarmalka uu u baahan yahay ''{{Lang|de|Lebensraum}}'' lagama maarmaan u ah badbaadadeeda iyo in inta badan dadka ku nool Bardhtamaha iyo Bariga Yurub si joogto ah looga saaro (ha ahaato mustaafuris ballaadhan oo loo mustaafuriyo Siberia, xasuuq, ama addoonsi), oo ay ku jiraan Polish, Yukreeniyaan, Ruush, Belarusian, Czech, iyo waddamo kale oo Slavic ah oo loo arko inay yihiin kuwa aan ahayn Aryan . Dowladdii Nazi-ga waxay higsaneysay inay dhulkan dib ugu celiso gumeystayaashii Jarmalka iyagoo adeegsanaya magaca {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}} intii lagu jiray iyo ka dib Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. <ref name="Mineau180">{{Cite book|last=Mineau|first=André|title=Operation Barbarossa: Ideology and Ethics Against Human Dignity|date=2004|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=978-90-420-1633-0|page=180}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMineau2004">Mineau, André (2004). ''Operation Barbarossa: Ideology and Ethics Against Human Dignity''. Rodopi. p.&nbsp;180. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-90-420-1633-0|<bdi>978-90-420-1633-0</bdi>]].</cite></ref> <ref name="Baranowski141">{{Cite book|last=Baranowski|first=Shelley|title=Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler|date=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85739-0|page=141}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBaranowski2011">Baranowski, Shelley (2011). ''Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler''. Cambridge University Press. p.&nbsp;141. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85739-0|<bdi>978-0-521-85739-0</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Dadkii oo dhan waxaa ku dhacay gaajo; wixii ka badan beeraha waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu quudiyo Jarmalka. <ref name="Mineau180" /> Dadka Yuhuudda ah ayaa [[Holokost|si toos ah loo baabi'in lahaa]] . Barnaamijka istaraatiijiyadeed ee Hitler ee Jarmalka Weyn wuxuu ku salaysnaa aaminsanaanta awoodda {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}}, gaar ahaan marka ay daba socdaan bulsho qowmiyad ahaan ka sarraysa. <ref name="Baranowski141">{{Cite book|last=Baranowski|first=Shelley|title=Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler|date=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85739-0|page=141}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBaranowski2011">Baranowski, Shelley (2011). ''Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler''. Cambridge University Press. p.&nbsp;141. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85739-0|<bdi>978-0-521-85739-0</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Dadka loo arko inay qayb ka yihiin jinsiyadaha aan Aryan ahayn, gudaha dhul balaadhinta {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}} , waa la saarayay ama la burburiyay. <ref name="Baranowski141" /> Faa'iidooyinka aasaasiga ah ee {{Lang|de|Lebensraum}} waxay u qaadatay inay tahay xuquuqda Isirka sareeyaJarmalka ee Aryan ( {{Lang|de|Herrenvolk}} ) in dadka asalka uh ah lagasaaro magaca deegaankooda. Waxay fikraddan ka heleen dhiirigelin ka timid meel ka baxsan Jarmalka, gaar ahaan gumeysiga Yurub ee Waqooyiga Ameerika . <ref name="Baranowski141" /> Hitler iyo saraakiishii Nazi waxay si gaar ah u danaynayeen qaddarka muuqda, waxayna isku dayeen inay ku celceliyaan Yurubta la haysto. Jarmalka Naasiga ayaa sidoo kale taageeray fikradaha kale ee dhul-ballaardhinta awoodaha Axiska sida {{Lang|it|[[spazio vitale]]}} ee Faashiiyiinta Talyaaniga . iyo {{Lang|ja-Latn|[[hakkō ichiu]]}} ee Boqortooyada Japan <ref>{{Cite book|last=Mark Mazower|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=opefF4rAL6YC&q=Italy+living+space|title=Hitler's Empire: Nazi Rule in Occupied Europe|publisher=Penguin UK|year=2013|isbn=978-0141917504|page=431|orig-year=2008|via=Google Books}}</ref> 0hpb5otjd5hluaif9f5hi2mwmf7kb8u 0 48923 301687 2026-07-11T11:12:18Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{Infobox river | name = Makhaleng | image = Qoaling.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Biyo-dhaca Qoaling ee Webiga Makhaleng | map = Rivers of Lesoto OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = Webiga Makhaleng oo ku yaal dhulka dalka Lesotho (dhexda bidix hoose) | source1_location = [[Buuraha Maloti]] | mouth_location = [[Webiga Orange]] | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Lesotho]], [... 301687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Makhaleng | image = Qoaling.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Biyo-dhaca Qoaling ee Webiga Makhaleng | map = Rivers of Lesoto OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = Webiga Makhaleng oo ku yaal dhulka dalka Lesotho (dhexda bidix hoose) | source1_location = [[Buuraha Maloti]] | mouth_location = [[Webiga Orange]] | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Lesotho]], [[Koonfur Afrika]] | length = {{convert|190|km|mi|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|2230|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1390|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="map">Map of Lesotho (physical) 1:250.000</ref> | discharge1_avg = {{convert|1.93|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | basin_size = {{convert|8508|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} }} '''Webiga Makhaleng''' waa wabi ku yaal galbeedka [[Lesotho]].<ref>Fitzpatrick, M., Blond, B., Pitcher, G., Richmond, S., and Warren, M. (2004) ''South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland.'' Footscray, VIC: Lonely Planet.</ref> Wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa [[Buuraha Maloti|Buuraha Maluti]], wuxuuna u qulqulaa jiho koonfur-galbeed isagoo ku shubma [[Webiga Orange]] xadka uu la wadaago [[Free State (gobol)|Free State]] ee dalka Koonfur Afrika. == Socodka == Wabigu wuxuu ka bilaabmaa waqooyi-galbeed ee Machache oo dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|2886|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} ee [[Buuraha Maloti|Buuraha Maluti]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed isagoo maraya [[Lesotho Highlands]] wuxuuna dhaafaa magaalooyinka iyo tuulooyinka [[Molimo-Nthuse]], [[Makhaleng]], [[Ramabanta]] iyo [[Qaba]], isagoo ku shubma [[Webiga Orange]] xadka caalamiga ah ee u dhow [[Free State (gobol)|Free State]] agagaarka ''Buundada Makhaleng''.<ref name=Atlas>{{cite book |title=Atlas of the World |last=Philip's |year=1994 |publisher=Reed International |isbn=0-540-05831-9 |pages=86–87 }}</ref> Marka uu joogo dherer dhan {{convert|1400|m|ft|0}}, afka Webiga Makhaleng waa barta ugu hooseysa ee Lesotho, waana [[Liiska barta ugu hooseysa ee wadan walba|barta ugu hooseysa ee ugu sarraysa ee wadan kasta]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book| title=Southern Africa| author=Alan Murphy| publisher=Lonely Planet| year=2007| isbn=978-1-74059-745-6| pages=140}}</ref> Dooxada wabigu waxay ka mid tahay waddooyinka loo maro dhowr meelood oo buuro ah, gaar ahaan [[God Help Me Pass]] iyo [[Gates of Paradise Pass]]. ''Biyo-dhaca Qiloane'' waa goob dalxiis oo ku taal qeybta sare ee wabiga. Waxay dhererkoodu gaarayaa {{convert|30|m|ft|-2|abbr=on}} laakiin waxay aad ugu caan yihiin ballacooda, maadaama biyuhu ay ku qulqulaan dhagaxyada iyagoo u eg "daah aroos".<ref>[http://www.golesotho.co.za/Other%20Pages/Qiloane%20falls.html Mareegta Dalxiiska ee Lesotho]</ref> Dalka Lesotho wabigan qaybihiisa sare ma laha bannaanka fatahaadda. Qulqulkiisu waa mid degdeg ah, wabiguna wuxuu kor u kacaa si dhakhso ah ka dib roobab culus oo ka da'a buuraha iyo inta lagu jiro xilliga gu'ga marka barafku dhalaalo. Aagga uu ka soo ururiyo biyuhu waa qiyaastii {{convert|300000|hectare}} iyo qulqulka celceliska waa qiyaastii {{convert|15|m3}} ilbiriqsi kasta. Ma jiraan biyo-xireenno waaweyn oo ku yaal wabiga, laakiin waxaa jira dhowr kuwa yaryar iyo kuwa dhexdhexaad ah oo loo dhisay ilaalinta ciidda iyo ururinta biyaha. Kuwaas ayaa u nugul inay dhooboobaan qaar ka mid ahna way baaba'een.<ref name=Bossche>{{cite book|author1=J.-P. vanden Bossche|author2=G. M. Bernacsek|title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_WLZRxM9vfXoC |year=1990 |publisher=Food & Agriculture Org. |isbn=978-92-5-102983-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_WLZRxM9vfXoC/page/n104 93]}}</ref> == Wabi-laamaha == Makhaleng wuxuu leeyahay saddex wabi-laamood oo waaweyn: Makhalaneng, Qhoqhoane iyo Khibiting. Dhammaantood waxay ku shubmaan dhanka midig ee wabiga iyagoo biyaha ka soo saaraya Buuraha Maluti.<ref name=Atlas/> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{coord|30.3253|S|27.3764|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} 7m8u64uru1fnt04sy68bfaiogzkw848 0 48924 301688 2026-07-11T11:14:02Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Senqunyane | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Mohaledam.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = [[Mohale Dam]] oo xiraya Webiga Senqunyane | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Lesotho#South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka Webiga Senqunyane ku yaal <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Lesotho]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Buuraha Maluti]] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|2850|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Webiga Senqu]] (Webiga Orange) | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|30|1|59|S|28|10|26|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1515|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = Webiga Bokong, Webiga Jordane, Webiga Likalaneng | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Senqunyane''' waa wabi ku yaal bartamaha [[Lesotho]]. Wabigu wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa [[Buuraha Maluti]] ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Lesotho, wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur ka dibna galbeed dherer dhan 120 kiiloomitir ka hor inta uusan ku biirin [[Webiga Senqu]] (Webiga Orange) ee koonfur-galbeed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eosnap.com/tag/senqu-river/ |title=The Orange River, Delineating the Border between South Africa and Namibia |access-date=2012-03-22}}</ref><ref>Fitzpatrick, M., Blond, B., Pitcher, G., Richmond, S., and Warren, M. (2004) ''South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland.'' Footscray, VIC: Lonely Planet</ref> Isha Webiga Senqunyane waa meesha ay ku kulmaan saddex degmo: [[Degmada Thaba-Tseka]], [[Degmada Berea]] iyo [[Degmada Leribe]]. Waxay samaysaa xuduudda u dhaxaysa Degmada Thaba-Tseka iyo marka hore Berea ka dibna [[Degmada Maseru]], iyo sidoo kale qayb yar oo ka mid ah Degmada Mafeteng oo ka go'an inta kale ee degmadeeda kuna taal meel sare oo ka mid ah Buuraha Maluti, inta badan dhererkeeda. Wabi-laamaha waxaa ka mid ah Webiga Bokong,<ref name="vanvuuren_2007">{{cite journal|last1=van Vuuren|first1=Sanet Janse|last2=Walt|first2=Nicolene van der|last3=Swanepoel|first3=Annelie|title=Changes in algal composition and environmental variables in the high-altitude Mohale Dam — an important water supply reservoir to South Africa|journal=African Journal of Aquatic Science|date=2007|volume=32|issue=3|pages=265–274|doi=10.2989/ajas.2007.32.3.6.305|s2cid=85354207|language=en}}</ref> iyo sidoo kale Webiga Jordane iyo Webiga Likalaneng, kuwaas oo ku biira Senqunyane in yar ka hor [[Mohale Dam]].<ref name=consortium_1986>{{cite book|last1= Consortium |first1=Lahmeyer McDonald |last2= Consortium |first2=Olivier Shand |title=Lesotho Highlands Water Project: H14-19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cP9BAQAAIAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Kingdom of Lesotho, Ministry of Water, Energy and Mining}}{{rp|33}}</ref> [[Mohale Dam]], oo la furay 2003, waa qayb ka mid ah [[Mashruuca Biyaha ee Lesotho Highlands]], iyadoo biyaha u weecinaysa [[Katse Dam]] ka dibna gobolka [[Gauteng]] ee dalka Koonfur Afrika, oo ay ku jiraan magaalooyinka [[Johannesburg]] iyo [[Pretoria]]. Wabigu wuxuu hoy u yahay kalluunka naadirka ah ee "Rock-catfish" ("Austroglanis sclateri").<ref name="niehaus_1996">{{cite journal|last1=BH|first1=Niehaus|title=An ecological investigation of the aquatic vertebrates below the proposed Mohale Dam wall in the Senqunyane River, Lesotho, with emphasis on the rock catfish (Austroglanis sclateri), Masters thesis|url=http://nrfnexus.nrf.ac.za/handle/20.500.11892/67833|access-date=4 March 2017|language=English|date=1996}}</ref> Biyo-dhaca Semonkong wuxuu u dhaqmaa sidii xannibaad socdaal oo kala saara bulshooyinka kalluunka ee kala duwan.<ref name="niehaus_1996"/> Dooxada Senqunyane waa goob ay ku yaallaan tiro ka mid ah goobaha qadiimiga ah iyo farshaxanka dhagaxa.<ref name="bousman_1988">{{cite journal|last1=Bousman|first1=Britt|title=Prehistoric Settlement Patterns in the Senqunyane Valley, Lesotho|journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin|date=1988|volume=43|issue=147|pages=33–37|doi=10.2307/3887611|jstor=3887611}}</ref> Dooxada waxaa markii ugu horreysay la degay xilligii [[Dhagaxii Dhexe]].<ref name=bousman_1988/> Dooxada ciidda leh ee leh jiinka dhaadheer ayaa dhibaato ku ah helitaanka. Buundada caanka ah ee la dhisay 2011 ayaa ka gudubta wabiga meel u dhow meesha uu kaga biirayo [[Webiga Orange]].<ref name="saice_1977">{{cite journal|last1=Boshoff|first1=Jody|title=Five new bridges to increase access to southeastern Lesotho : market contribution|journal=Civil Engineering = Siviele Ingenieurswese|date=1 February 1977|volume=19|issue=2|url=https://journals.co.za/content/civeng/19/2/EJC26522|language=en|issn=1021-2000}}</ref><ref name="africon">{{cite book|last1=Africon Environment and Sustainability|title=Senqu and Senqunyane River Bridges and Connecting Road: Environmental Impact Assessment Report|url=http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US2012412512|website=AGRIS: International Information System for the Agricultural Science and Technology|access-date=4 March 2017|language=English|date=2006|isbn=9789589774649|publisher=The World Bank}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Mohale Dam]] — ''oo ku taal Webiga Senqunyane''. *[[Mashruuca Biyaha ee Lesotho Highlands]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} n7tp8hyady9nz94ke81pqlfcrrdlujw 0 48925 301689 2026-07-11T11:15:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301689 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malibamat'so River Lesotho.jpg|thumb|Webiga Malibamatšo ee Lesotho.]][[File:Malibamatso1.png|thumb|Socodka Webiga Malibamatšo ee waqooyiga Lesotho. Xogta khariidadda oo ka timid OpenStreetMap.]] '''Webiga Malibamatšo''' waa wabi ku yaal waqooyiga [[Lesotho]]. Asalkiisu wuxuu u dhow yahay xuduudda [[Koonfur Afrika]], halkaas oo uu ka soo saaro biyaha jiinka bari ee [[Buuraha Maloti|Buuraha Maloti]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfurta wuxuuna maraa tuulada [[Ha Lejone|Lejone]], ugu dambayntiina wuxuu ku biiraa [[Webiga Orange|Webiga Senqu]] {{convert|5|km|}} waqooyi-bari ee [[Mohlanapeng]]. Malibamatšo wuxuu sameeyaa gacanka waqooyi ee [[Katse Dam]], oo ah qayb ka mid ah [[Mashruuca Biyaha ee Lesotho Highlands]]. Katse waa biyo-xireenka ugu sarreeya Afrika oo dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|1993|m|ft}} ka sarreeya heerka badda.<ref>Fitzpatrick, M., Blond, B., Pitcher, G., Richmond, S., and Warren, M. (2004) ''South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland.'' Footscray, VIC: Lonely Planet.</ref> Halkan wabiga waxaa ku biira Webiga Bokong/Bokung. Marka uu wabigu hoos u socdo, wabi-laamaha dhanka bidix ee Malibamatšo waa wabiyaasha Matsoku iyo Semenanyane, ka hor inta uusan samayn wabi-laan dhanka midig ah ee Webiga Senqu/Orange. == Goobta == {{PoI start}} {{PoI|Source|-28.70299|28.73707|LSO|}} {{PoI|Katse Dam|-29.33703|28.50665|LSO|}} {{PoI|Senqu River confluence|-29.55315|28.70649|LSO|}} {{PoI end}} {{kml}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{coord|29|33|11|S|28|42|17|E|type:landmark_region:LS|display=title}} hij5ubgogg0vvyrkhcbehx0npjr5d1o 0 48926 301690 2026-07-11T11:17:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Khubelu | name_native = | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = Lesotho | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = Degmada Mokhotlong | mouth = [[Webiga Senqu]] | river_system = Dooxada [[Webiga Orange]] | length = 101 km }} '''Webiga Khubelu''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Degmada Mokhotlong]] ee waqooyi-bari [[Lesotho]]. Wuxuu qayb ka yahay kor-dooxada [[Webiga Senqu]] ee ku dhex jirta dooxada weyn ee [[Webiga Orange]] waana mid ka mid ah wabiyaasha ugu muhiimsan ee ka yimaada Buuraha Lesotho.<ref name="waterway">{{cite web |title=Khubelu |url=https://waterwaymap.org/river/Khubelu%20000243648796/ |website=WaterwayMap |access-date=9 June 2026}}</ref><ref name="water2022">{{cite journal |last1=George |first1=Maeti |last2=Ngole-Jeme |first2=Veronica M. |title=An Evaluation of the Khubelu Wetland and Receiving Stream Water Quality for Community Use |journal=Water |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=442 |year=2022 |doi=10.3390/w14030442 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022Water..14..442G }}</ref> Wabigu wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa buuraha waqooyiga Lesotho wuxuuna maraa dhul buuraley ah ka hor inta uusan ku biirin nidaamka Webiga Senqu. Isagoo dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii 101 kiiloomitir (63 mayl), waa mid ka mid ah wabiyaasha caanka ah ee gobolka Mokhotlong.<ref name="waterway" /> == Juqraafiga == Webiga Khubelu wuxuu maraa bariga Buuraha Maloti, aag lagu garto jiirada dhaadheer, dhul-cawska sare, iyo dhulal qoyan oo baaxad leh. Dooxada wabigu waxay ka mid tahay kor-dooxada Webiga Senqu, kaas oo ugu dambayntii noqda Webiga Orange, oo ah webiga ugu dheer koonfurta Afrika.<ref name="water2022" /> Wabi-laamo badan ayaa quudiya wabiga, dhulalka qoyan ee ku hareeraysanna waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan kaydinta biyaha, dib-u-buuxinta biyaha dhulka hoostiisa, iyo nidaaminta qulqulka webiga.<ref name="water2022" /> == Muhiimadda deegaanka == Webiga Khubelu iyo dhulalka qoyan ee la xiriira waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay yihiin kuwo muhiim u ah deegaanka sababtoo ah waxay biyo ku darsadaan dooxada Webiga Orange–Senqu, oo ah nidaam biyo-mareen caalami ah oo ay wadaagaan Lesotho, Koonfur Afrika, Botswana, iyo Namibia.<ref name="water2022" /> Daraasado lagu sameeyay dhulka qoyan ee Khubelu ayaa iftiimiyay muhiimadda ay u leedahay ilaalinta tayada biyaha iyo taageeridda bulshooyinka deegaanka ee ku tiirsan wabiga si ay u helaan biyo guri, waraabinta xoolaha, iyo beeraha yaryar.<ref name="water2022" /> Cilmi-baarayaashu waxay sidoo kale aqoonsadeen walaacyo la xiriira xumaanshaha dhulka qoyan, daaqsiinta xad-dhaafka ah, nabaad-guurka ciidda, iyo hawlo kale oo bini'aadam oo saameyn ku yeelan kara tayada biyaha iyo caafimaadka nidaamka deegaanka ee dooxada.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Shakhane |first=Bokang |title=Accumulation of Selected Nutrients and Heavy Metals in the Khubelu River Catchment, Mokhotlong, Lesotho |publisher=Cape Peninsula University of Technology |year=2019 |url=https://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2992}}</ref> == Dalxiiska == Dooxada Webiga Khubelu waxay caan ku tahay muuqaalkeeda buuraleyda ah waxaana soo booqda dadka lugaynaya, kalluumaysatada, iyo kuwa xiiseeya baabuurta afarta lugood ku socda. Qaybo ka mid ah wabiga ayaa caan ku ah kalluumaysiga trout iyo yellowfish, halka waddooyinka wabiga raaca ee dhex mara Buuraha Maloti lagu soo bandhigo tilmaamaha dalxiiska ee Lesotho.<ref>{{cite web |title=Getaway 4X4 Guide to Lesotho: the Khubelu River Meander |url=https://www.getaway.co.za/activities/routes/getaway-guide-lesotho-khubelu-river-meander/ |website=Getaway Magazine |date=19 December 2017 |access-date=9 June 2026}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} 4vc5vtqdwezesqv36xfzvmypcfh7u0y 0 48927 301691 2026-07-11T11:18:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301691 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mokhotlong Dist Rivers1.png|thumb|Wabiyaasha ku yaal Degmada Mohotlong ee Lesotho. Xogta laga helay OpenStreetMap, Google Maps, iyo British Government Directorate of Overseas Surveys.]] '''Webiga Mokhotlong''' waa wabi ku yaal waqooyi-bari [[Lesotho]]. Wuxuu ka soo jeedaa kulanka dhowr wabi oo buuraley ah oo ku dhow xuduudda Koonfur Afrika, ka dibna wuxuu u qulqulaa waqooyi-galbeed ilaa uu ka kulmo Webiga Sanqebethu, ka dibna wuxuu u qulqulaa galbeed ilaa uu ka biiro [[Webiga Senqu]] magaalada [[Mokhotlong]]. == Goobta == {{PoI start}} {{PoI|Source|-29.43734|29.38787|LSO|}} {{PoI|Sanqebethu confluence|-29.31192|29.20346|LSO|}} {{PoI|Senqu River confluence|-29.26709|29.03753|LSO|}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Mokhotlong|url=https://www.google.com/maps/@-29.2688615,29.0592578,7959m/data=!3m1!1e3|website=Google Maps|publisher=Google|access-date=7 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mokhotlong confluence into Senqu|url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=14/-29.2708/29.0555|website=OpenStreetMap|access-date=7 March 2018}}</ref> {{PoI end}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{kml}} n180fa2l1pz6tggzzzdl350lpup0mia 0 48928 301692 2026-07-11T11:22:01Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Bemarivo''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Bemarivo.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Bemarivo oo laga arkay Route Nationale 5a | map = Madagascar rivers.svg | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda wabiyaasha Madagascar (Bemarivo wuxuu ka qulqulaa qaybta dhexe-waqooyi ilaa xeebta bari). | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Gobolka Sava|Sava]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalooyin | subdivision_name5 = [[Nosiarina]], [[Ambinanybe]], [[Antafiamazava]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|140|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = (Muddada: 1971–2000){{cvt|176.3|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Mount Biempoko | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|2,219|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|14|08|45|S|50|09|19|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | waterfalls = | river_system = Webiga Bemarivo | basin_size = {{cvt|4,833.6|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> ilaa {{convert|5,400|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = Androranga, Marerano, Anjialava | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Bemarivo''' ({{IPA|/be.mari.v/}}), oo macno ahaan ah ''weyn oo aan qotomin'', wuxuu ku yaal waqooyiga [[Madagascar]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa xeebta waqooyi-bari, isagoo ku shubma [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. Wuxuu ka soo saaraa biyaha qaybta bari ee Tsaratanana Massif iyo kala bar waqooyi ee [[Marojejy National Park|Marojejy Massif]]. Waxaa ka gudba [[Route Nationale 5a (Madagascar)|RN 5a]] meel u dhow [[Nosiarina]]. Afkiisu wuxuu ku yaallaa 17 km<ref>[https://www.primemadaguide.com/guide-des-destinations-de-madagascar-riviere-bemarivo-sambava.html Riviere Bemarivo-Sambava]</ref> waqooyi ka xiga [[Sambava]]. Wuxuu u adeegaa sidii xuduudda waqooyi ee dhulka loo yaqaan [[Betsimisaraka region|Betsimisaraka]].<ref name="study">[[Helen Chapin Metz]], ed., [http://countrystudies.us/madagascar/11.htm Madagascar: A Country Study], Library of Congress, 1994., accessed 14 August 2008</ref> Si jahawareer leh, wabi-laan ka mid ah [[Webiga Sofia]] waxaa sidoo kale loogu yeeraa [[Webiga Bemarivo (Sofia)|Webiga Bemarivo]] (Sofia).<ref>Sparks, J. S. (2008). ''Phylogeny of the Cichlid Subfamily Etroplinae and Taxonomic Revision of the Malagasy Cichlid Genus Paretroplus (Teleostei: Cichlidae).'' Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History Number 314: 1–151</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 2h672oqztia2dz2iijb8b08y0gjj2e0 0 48929 301693 2026-07-11T11:23:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Besokatra''' | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = File:Rijeke-Masiva-Ambre.png | image_size = | image_caption = Nidaamka wabiga [[Ambohitra Massif]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Gobolka Diana|Diana]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalo | subdivision_name5 = [[Mahavanona]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 61.8 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mahavanona]] 1980-1983 | discharge1_min = {{convert|0.143|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{convert|1.5|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} 1980-1983 | discharge1_max = {{convert|4.73|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = meel u dhow [[Joffreville]], [[Gobolka Diana|Diana]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|1332|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|12|23|00|S|49|26|33|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size_km2 = 113.4 | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = *[http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers12-07/010013840.pdf Bauduin & Servat, ''Etude d'Hydrologie à usage Agricole'' - ORSTOM pp.1-829] - bogga 12–14 }} [[File:Mahavanona (Diana)-riviere Besokatra.jpg|thumb|left|Webiga Besokatra oo laga arkay buundada RN6 (meel u dhow [[Mahavanona]] (Diana))]] '''Webiga Besokatra''' wuxuu ku yaal waqooyiga [[Madagascar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Rivers and streams on Madagascar - MADADOC|url=http://madadoc.irenala.edu.mg/v02045_RIV.pdf|publisher=madadoc.irenala.edu.mg|accessdate=6 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Isha uu ka yimaado waxay ku taallaa meel u dhow [[Joffreville]] ee [[Amber Mountain National Park]], gudaha [[Ambohitra Massif]], wuxuu ka gudbaa [[Route nationale 6 (Madagascar)|Route nationale 6]] meel u dhow [[Mahavanona]] wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. Biyo-soo-saarka [[Antsiranana|Diego Suarez]] waxay gebi ahaanba ku tiirsan yihiin biyaha ka yimaada dooxada webiga Besokatra.<ref>[https://www.lexpress.mg/2024/06/antsiranana-quand-les-eleves-menent.html ANTSIRANANA - Quand les élèves mènent l’enquête sur l’eau]</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 7dwtltdm920qdxs4mum4y7w148np3qi 0 48930 301694 2026-07-11T11:25:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Fanambana''' | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Fanambana river.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = ''Webiga Fanambana'' | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Gobolka Sava|Sava]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalo | subdivision_name5 = [[Fanambana]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 215|length_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/longest-rivers-on-madagascar.html|title=Longest Rivers On Madagascar|publisher=www.worldatlas.com|accessdate=20 September 2017}}</ref> | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg = (Muddada: 1971–2000){{cvt|40.3|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | discharge2_location= buundada [[Route Nationale 5a (Madagascar)|RN 5a]] | discharge2_min = {{convert|3.4|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge2_avg = {{convert|4.5|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge2_max = {{convert|70.5|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Marojejy National Park|Marojejy Massif]], [[Gobolka Sava|Sava]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|1,815|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Gobolka Sava|Sava]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|13|30|S|50|01|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = Webiga Fanambana | basin_size_km2 = 1,827|basin_size_ref=ilaa {{cvt|1,950.9|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = *[https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers12-07/010013840.pdf Bauduin & Servat, ''Etude d'Hydrologie à usage Agricole'' - ORSTOM pp.1-829] - bogga 16 }} [[File:Fanambana river bridge.jpg|thumb|left|[[Fanambana Bridge]] ee RN5a]] '''Webiga Fanambana''' wuxuu ku yaal waqooyiga [[Madagascar]] wuxuuna ka gudbaa [[Route Nationale 5a (Madagascar)|Route Nationale 5a]] meel u dhow [[Fanambana]]. Isha uu ka yimaado waxay ku taallaa [[Marojejy National Park|Marojejy Massif]] wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Hindiya]] koonfurta [[Vohemar]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 7le28kgabymxmr3kpbr6sx82fer68u7 0 48931 301696 2026-07-11T11:26:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Faraony''' | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Madagascar rivers.svg | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda wabiyaasha Madagascar (Faraony wuxuu ka qulqulaa qaybta dhexe ilaa xeebta bari). | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Fitovinany]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalo | subdivision_name5 = [[Ampasimanjeva]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{cvt|150 |km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = (Muddada: 1971–2000){{cvt|77.1|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|21|48|09|S|48|09|58|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = 0m | progression = | river_system = Webiga Faraony | basin_size = {{cvt|2,695|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} ilaa {{cvt|2,776|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Faraony''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Fitovinany]], bariga [[Madagascar]]. Wuxuu ka soo qulqulaa buuraha dhexe ilaa uu ku shubmo [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. Wuxuu maraa [[Manampatrana]], [[Vohimanitra]], [[Mahabako]], [[Sahasinaka]], [[Mahavoky]], [[Vohimasina Nord]] wuxuuna ku shubmaa koonfurta [[Namorona]] ee Badweynta Hindiya. [[File:Faraony from RN 12.jpg|left|thumb|Faraony oo laga arkay RN 12]] [[File:Mananjary OSM.png|left|thumb|Dooxada Faraony]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} tvwqq3cmz3n3goblyxt532up4td6di0 0 48932 301697 2026-07-11T11:28:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Fiherenana | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = File:JMLeb 1988 Mad Fiherena 24.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Fiherenana | map = | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda wabiyaasha Madagascar (Fiherenana wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Hindiya]]). | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Atsimo-Andrefana]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalooyin | subdivision_name5 = [[Beantsy]], [[Tulear]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg = (Muddada: 1971–2000){{cvt|16.9|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | discharge2_location= [[Mahaboboka]] | discharge2_min = | discharge2_avg = {{convert|35.4|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge2_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Belalanda]], meel u dhow [[Tulear]], [[Atsimo-Andrefana]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|23|18|35|S|43|37|50|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = Webiga Fiherenana | basin_size_km2 = 7,500|basin_size_ref=ilaa {{cvt|7,740.8|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Fiherenana''' waa wabi ku yaal gobolka [[Atsimo-Andrefana]] ee koonfurta [[Madagascar]]. Wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Hindiya]] ee [[Tulear]]. Sababo la xiriira ''[[Fady (taboo)|fady]]'' (mamnuuc) maxalli ah, [[pirogue]]s (doomaha yaryar) looma oggola wabiga.<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.formad-environnement.org/fiherena.html La vallée du Fiherenana (Toliara)]</ref> [[File:JMLeb 2013 Mad Fiherenana Toliara carte 25.jpg|thumb|center|x160px|Fiherenana delta]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} thmd1vu13e9c07cs0ux0nywukawfvw1 0 48933 301698 2026-07-11T11:30:37Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Iazafo''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Analanjirofo]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 103 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Analanjirofo]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Mahambo]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|17|27|00|S|49|29|00|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size_km2 = 103 | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Iazafo''' waa wabi yar oo ku yaal bariga [[Madagascar]]. Afkiisu wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Badweynta Hindiya]] ee magaalada [[Mahambo]] ee gobolka [[Analanjirofo]].<ref>[http://www.hydrosciences.fr/sierem/Bibliotheque/biblio/monographies/Fleuves%20et%20rivières%20de%20Madagascar.pdf Fleuves & Rivieres de Madagascar]</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 3s863kmfhqrrn6g057ndywfh1weq9zm 0 48934 301700 2026-07-11T11:32:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301700 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Madagascar74.090.jpg|thumb|Webiga Ihosy ee Madagascar]] '''Webiga Ihosy''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gobolka Fianarantsoa]] ee bartamaha [[Madagascar]]. Wuxuu ka soo qulqulaa buuraha [[Bekisopa]], isagoo maraa magaalada [[Ihosy]] (oo ku taal {{Coord|22.4|S|46.1166667|E}}), taas oo magaca u bixisay wabiga.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cowan|first=William Deans|date=September 1882|title=Geographical Excursions in South Central Madagasear|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography|volume=4|issue=9|pages=521–537|doi=10.2307/1800170|jstor=1800170|issn=0266-626X|url=https://zenodo.org/record/2414753}}</ref> Goobaha kale ee uu maro waa [[Ambodiala]] iyo [[Ionadria]]. Wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Webiga Zomandao]] [[File:Mangoky Basin OSM.png|left|thumb|Dooxada Mangoky]] == Tixraacyo == <references/> fm3sa9cpu14j7ogei6x4l0p9u6sbm0x 0 48935 301701 2026-07-11T11:33:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301701 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ikopa les Ponts de Tanjombato.jpg|left|thumb|Webiga Ikopa ee [[Tanjombato]]]][[File:Ikopa River with pirogues Antananarivo Madagascar.jpg|thumb|Webiga Ikopa oo leh pirogues, Antananarivo, 1865]] '''Webiga Ikopa''' waa marin-biyoodka labaad ee ugu dheer [[Madagascar]] wuxuuna maraa caasimadda, [[Antananarivo]].<ref name=LC>{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/madagascar/7.htm|title=Madagascar-GEOGRAPHY|website=countrystudies.us|publisher=U. S. Library of Congress|access-date=27 September 2017}}</ref> Waa wabi-laanka ugu weyn ee [[Webiga Betsiboka]]. Waxaa sameeya wabiyaasha [[Webiga Varahina-North|Varahina-North]] iyo [[Webiga Varahina-South|Varahina-South]]. Ishiisa, oo lagu magacaabo Varahina, waxaa laga helaa hoos-degmada [[Andramasina]] iyadoo jooggeedu yahay 1810 mitir. Wabigan waxaa ku yaal mid ka mid ah saldhigyada korontada biyaha ee ugu waaweyn Madagascar: [[Antelomita Hydroelectric Power Station]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|16|47|55|S|46|51|20|E|type:landmark_source:kolossus-plwiki|display=title}} fah251wbnkvq0hklwgeu1t1bzatfhig 0 48936 301702 2026-07-11T11:35:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Irodo''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = File:Rijeke-Masiva-Ambre.png | image_size = | image_caption = Nidaamka wabiga [[Ambohitra Massif]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Gobolka Diana|Diana]] - [[Gobolka Sava|Sava]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalo | subdivision_name5 = [[Maromokotra]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Ambohitra Massif]], [[Gobolka Diana|Diana]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|1100|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Gobolka Diana|Diana]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|12|48|40|S|49|39|40|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Irodo''' wuxuu ku yaal waqooyiga [[Madagascar]]. Isha uu ka yimaado waxay ku taallaa [[Ambohitra Massif]] wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. Meel u dhow [[Sadjoavato]] ayuu sameeyay [[Tsingy Rouge]],<ref>[https://tamerlan95.over-blog.com/article-les-tsingy-rouge-d-irodo-a-madagascar-104761095.html ''Tsingy Rouges'']</ref> oo ah dhisme dhagax ah oo ka samaysan [[laterite]] guduudan oo ay dhashay nabaad-guurku.<ref>[http://www.tripbucket.com/dreams/dream/tsingy-rouge-de-diego-suarez-madagascar/ ''Tsingy Rouge de Diego Suarez'']</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} bjwf5fzi95xi61mkxyi3a04m92sv8de 0 48937 301704 2026-07-11T11:37:04Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Ivondro''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Maningory OSM.png | image_size = 250px | image_caption = Webiga Ivondro | map = Madagascar rivers.svg | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda wabiyaasha Madagascar. | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Alaotra-Mangoro]], [[Atsinanana]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalooyin | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|150|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = (Muddada: 1971–2000){{cvt|233.7|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{cvt|1,200|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = koonfurta [[Toamasina]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | waterfalls = | river_system = | basin_size = {{cvt|3,300|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} ilaa {{cvt|3,884.5|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Ivondro''' oo ku yaal gobollada [[Alaotra-Mangoro]] iyo [[Atsinanana]], wuxuu ku yaal bartamaha-bariga [[Madagascar]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa xeebta bari. Wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Canal des Pangalanes]] iyo [[Badweynta Hindiya]]<ref>[http://www.hydrosciences.fr/sierem/Bibliotheque/biblio/monographies/Fleuves%20et%20rivières%20de%20Madagascar.pdf Fleuves & Rivières de Madagascar]</ref> koonfurta [[Toamasina]]. Saldhigga korontada biyaha ayaa laga dhisi doonaa meel u dhow Volobe.<ref>[https://www.hydropower-dams.com/news/shareholders-accord-signed-for-volobe-hydropower-project-madagascar/ Volobe Hydropower Project]</ref> [[File:Pont d'Ivondro - région Atsinanana - Madagascar.jpg|thumb|left|Buundada [[Route nationale 2 (Madagascar)| RN 2]] ee korka marta Ivondro ]] [[Route nationale 2 (Madagascar)|Wadada Qaranka 2]] ayaa ka gudubta wabigan meel u dhow [[Fanandrana]], [[Toamasina]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} sr5l91cl2gjv6ezsc81m5hy7xb2qnmp 0 48938 301705 2026-07-11T11:38:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Linta''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = ISS012-E-11232_-_View_of_Madagascar.jpg | image_size = 250px | image_caption = Webiga Linta | map = Rijeka-Linta.png | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda wabiyaasha Madagascar (Linta wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Hindiya]]). | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Atsimo-Andrefana]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalo | subdivision_name5 = [[Ejeda]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|173|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|520|m|abbr=on}} | source_confluence = Fotadrevo | source_confluence_location = | source_confluence_coordinates= | source_confluence_elevation = | mouth = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Androka]], [[Atsimo-Andrefana]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|25|02|00|S|44|01|00|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|5800|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = [[Webiga Manakaralahy|Manakaralahy]], [[Webiga Manakaravavy|Manakaravavy]] | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''''Linta''''' waa wabi ku yaal gobolka [[Atsimo-Andrefana]] ee koonfurta [[Madagascar]]. Wuxuu ka gudbaa [[Route nationale 10 (Madagascar)|Route nationale 10]] meel u dhow [[Ejeda]] wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Hindiya]] ee [[Gacanka Langarano]], bariga [[Androka]]. Meesha uu dur-durka wabiga Linta kula kulmo badda, ayaa waxaa ka muuqda farqi ku yaal xariga coral-ka, taasoo muujinaysa in wabigu uu mar qulquli jiray markii badda ay ka hoosaysay heerka hadda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-12 |title=Linta River Delta and Dunes |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/86764/linta-river-delta-and-dunes |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Wabi-laamaha ugu muhiimsan waa [[Webiga Manakaralahy|Manakaralahy]] iyo [[Webiga Manakaravavy|Manakaravavy]] kuwaas oo qalala inta lagu jiro xilliga abaaraha ee u dhaxeeya Luulyo ilaa Noofembar. Qulqulka sanadlaha ah waa mid hooseeya, qiyaastii 1–2 L/s/km{{sup|2}}. Abaaraha ka jira gobolka ayaa sababay in dadka deegaanku ay qodaan qaybo ka mid ah sariirta wabiga ee qalalan si ay u helaan biyo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-27 |title=How drought is pushing more people into hunger in southern Madagascar {{!}} World Food Programme |url=https://www.wfp.org/stories/how-drought-pushing-more-people-hunger-southern-madagascar |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=www.wfp.org |language=en}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} o7uokgj28w7igntkuoq3yc556i7plr0 0 48939 301707 2026-07-11T11:40:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Lokoho''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Lokoho 01.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Lokoho | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Gobolka Sava|Sava]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalooyin | subdivision_name5 = [[Farahalana]], [[Marojala]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 150 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = (Muddada: 1971–2000){{cvt|86.1|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar|access-date=2024-02-20}}</ref> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|2,100|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Farahalana]], [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|14|25|00|S|50|10|43|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = Webiga Lokoho | basin_size_km2 = 2,237 | basin_size_ref = <ref name="Madagascar"/> | tributaries_left = Ankaibe | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Lokoho''' wuxuu ku yaal waqooyiga [[Madagascar]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa xeebta waqooyi-bari, isagoo ku shubma [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. Wuxuu ka soo saaraa biyaha kala bar koonfureed ee [[Marojejy National Park|Marojejy Massif]]. Afkiisu wuxuu ku yaallaa 25&nbsp;km koonfurta [[Sambava]], meel u dhow [[Farahalana]]. Waxaa jiray qorshayaal lagu dhisayo [[saldhigyada korontada biyaha]] oo ay waday [[Jirama]] sanadihii 1970-meeyadii, laakiin waligood lama dhamaystirin. Sannadkii 2002-dii, mashruuc kale oo loogu talagalay warshad leh awood dhan 6&nbsp;kW oo ay waday [[Jirama]] iyadoo la kaashanaysa shirkadda Faransiiska [[Électricité de France|EDF]], shirkadda Jarmalka [[RWE]], [[GTZ]] iyo shirkadda Kanada [[Hydro-Québec]], ayaa la bilaabay. Mashruucaas wuxuu istaagay 2009-kii<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edm.mg/index.php/fr/etude-lokoho.html|title=EDM électricité de Madagascar|website=www.edm.mg|access-date=2013-05-14}}</ref> sababo la xiriira [[2009 Malagasy political crisis|dhibaatada siyaasadeed ee Madagascar]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuiJXgtZJvM Muuqaalka Youtube-ka ee ''Webiga Lokoho''] eo6awfpnk445kj3sjleoz73b0zucccf 0 48940 301709 2026-07-11T11:41:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Loky''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = MRU-NBO 25.08.2009 09-39-16.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Sawir laga qaaday hawada qaybta hoose | map = Madagascar rivers.svg | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda wabiyaasha Madagascar (Loky wuxuu ka qulqulaa qaybta waqooyi ilaa xeebta bari). | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Gobolka Sava|Sava]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 80 | length_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://mg.geoview.info/loky,194004496w|title=Loky|website=mg.geoview.info|accessdate=16 August 2017}}</ref> | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Gobolka Sava|Sava]], [[Madagascar]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Gobolka Sava|Sava]] [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-12.788718| 49.663046|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Loky''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Webiga Lokia, wuxuu ku yaal waqooyiga [[Madagascar]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa xeebta waqooyi-bari, isagoo ku shubma [[Badweynta Hindiya]] wuxuuna sameeyaa xuduudda dabiiciga ah ee u dhaxaysa [[Gobolka Diana|Diana]] iyo [[Gobolka Sava|Sava]]. Waxaa ka gudba [[Route nationale 5a (Madagascar)|RN 5a]] meel u dhow [[Anivorano Nord|Anivorano du Nord]]. Afkiisu wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Gacanka Lokia]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} i5f9qmtso7yqo9u2dxwjygnhvp822kc 0 48941 301711 2026-07-11T11:43:39Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Mahajamba | image = Estuaries, Northwest Coast of Madagascar.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = Estuariyada waqooyiga Madagascar. Wabiyaasha ka imanaya bidix ilaa midig: Betsiboka, Mahajamba, Sofia <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 298 | length_ref = <ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Mahajamba Delta | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = (Muddada: 1971–2000){{cvt|483|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Central Highlands (Madagascar)|Buuraleyda Dhexe]] | source1_location = [[Madagascar]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|18|1|16|S|47|46|29|E}} | source1_elevation = {{cvt|1,204|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Boeny]] iyo [[Gobolka Sofia]], [[Madagascar]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|15|27|15|S|47|4|37|E}} | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = Webiga Mahajamba | basin_size_km2 = 15,500 | basin_size_ref = <ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | tributaries_left = Bemovo | tributaries_right = Amparanarona, Tsilaninarivo, Menazomby, Kimangoro | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Mahajamba''' waa wabi ku yaal waqooyiga [[Madagascar]]. Wuxuu maraa [[Ankarafantsika National Park]]. Wabiga waxaa ku xeeran [[mangrove]]s.<ref name="Bradt2011">{{cite book|last=Bradt|first=Hilary|title=Madagascar: The Bradt Travel Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTRPnMlOcwgC&pg=PA82|accessdate=8 January 2013|date=17 May 2011|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-341-2|page=82}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 5rg94c8hdbnp7trjc4a7y6me53bii8x 0 48942 301712 2026-07-11T11:45:20Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Mahajilo''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Madagascar rivers.svg | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda wabiyaasha Madagascar (Mahajilo wuxuu ka qulqulaa buuraleyda dhexe ilaa [[Webiga Tsiribihina]]). | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalo | subdivision_name5 = [[Miandrivazo]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|260|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Webiga Tsiribihina]] ee [[Miandrivazo]]<ref>[http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Madagascar/1mg`ma~1.htm webworld.unesco.org - Discharge at Miandrivazo, 1982/3]</ref> | discharge1_min = {{convert|53.2|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{convert|517|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} ee [[Miandrivazo]]<ref>[http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Madagascar/1mg`ma~1.htm webworld.unesco.org - Discharge at Miandrivazo, 1982/3]</ref> | discharge1_max = {{convert|1530|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} Janaayo <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Webiga Sakay]] iyo [[Kitsamby]] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Webiga Tsiribihina]], [[Menabe]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|19|41|00|S|45|22|23|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Webiga Tsiribihina]] | basin_size = {{convert|14375|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''''Mahajilo''''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Menabe]], galbeedka [[Madagascar]]. Waxaa sameeya wabi-laamaha [[Webiga Sakay]] iyo wabiga [[Kitsamby]]. Wuxuu ka soo qulqulaa buuraleyda dhexe, si uu ugu shubmo [[Webiga Tsiribihina]]. Safarada doonyaha (rafting) waxaa soo jeediya dhowr shirkadood oo ku yaal wabigan oo ka bilaabma [[Miandrivazo]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} p4t569bi5i15gt9jkmxwdnhrfsy3j0k 0 48943 301713 2026-07-11T11:47:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Mahavavy (waqooyi)''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Sjeverni-Mahavavi.png | image_size = | image_caption = Nidaamka webiga Mahavavy (waqooyi) | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Gobolka Diana|Diana]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalooyin | subdivision_name5 = [[Manambato]], [[Ambilobe]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 165 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = (Muddada: 1971–2000){{cvt|119.9|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = meesha uu ku yaal cirifka [[Maromokotra (mountain)|Maromokotra]] | source1_location = [[Tsaratanana Massif]], [[Gobolka Diana|Diana]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|2,300|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Antsohimbondrona]], [[Gobolka Diana|Diana]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|13|01|54|S|48|51|38|E|region:MG|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size_km2 = 3,300 | basin_size_ref = ilaa {{cvt|3,387.1|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | tributaries_left = Antsiatsia, Ambohipato | tributaries_right = Andranopato, Ankombe, Antsiatsia | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Le pont Mahavavy-Ambilobe 03.jpg|left|thumb|Buundada Mahavavy ee meel u dhow [[Ambilobe]]]] '''Mahavavy''' ama '''Webiga Mahavavy-Nord''' waa wabi ku yaal waqooyiga [[Madagascar]] ee gobolka [[Gobolka Diana|Diana]]. Wuxuu isha ka yimaadaa cirifka [[Maromokotra (mountain)|Maromokotra]] ee [[Tsaratanana Massif]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa waqooyi ilaa [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. Magaalada ugu weyn ee wabigan ku taal waa [[Ambilobe]] oo ku taal [[Route nationale 6 (Madagascar)|Wadada Qaranka 6]]. Buundada wadadan ayaa duntay ka dib markii uu maray duufaantii [[2023–24_South-West_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season#Tropical_Cyclone_Gamane|Gamane]] bishii Maarso 2024. Bishii Maajo, mas'uuliyiinta deegaanka ayaa qabtay 2 ''jôro'' (caadooyin dhaqameed) iyagoo rajaynaya in taasi ay hagaajin doonto<ref>[https://www.moov.mg/article/84751-diana-des-rituels-autour-de-la-reparation-du-pont-de-mahavavy Diana: Rites autour de la réparation du pont de Mahavavy]</ref> laakiin bishii Juun ee isla sanadkaas wadada weli way xirnayd. Wuxuu maraa bannaano barwaaqo ah, biyuhana waxaa loo isticmaalaa waraabka 5500 hektar, inta badan beeraha [[suufka]]. Delta-giisu wuxuu daboolayaa 500&nbsp;km{{sup|2}}.<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.agriculture.gov.mg/pdf/Monographie2003_Diana.pdf Monographie de la Région Diana]</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} m8dgl78jcfm0xupppo0htx2yjhbhi1i 0 48944 301714 2026-07-11T11:48:42Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Manambaho | name_native = {{native name|mg|Manambaho}} | name_native_lang = | name_other = Manambao Maty | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Madagascar rivers.svg | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda wabiyaasha Madagascar (Manambaho wuxuu ka qulqulaa qaybta dhexe ilaa Marinka Mozambique). | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Melaky]], [[Bongolava]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalo | subdivision_name5 = [[Morafenobe]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Marinka Mozambique]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|17|42|48|S|43|58|58|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Manambaho''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Melaky]] & [[Bongolava]] ee galbeedka [[Madagascar]]. Wuxuu ka soo qulqulaa bartamaha Madagascar ilaa uu ku shubmo [[Marinka Mozambique]] iyo [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. Isha uu ka yimaado waxay ku taallaa meel u dhow [[Tsiroanomandidy]] ([[Bongolava]]), wuxuu maraa meel u dhow [[Morafenobe]] wuxuuna ku shubmaa koonfurta [[Tambohorano]] iyo waqooyiga [[Maintirano]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://strenaud.over-blog.com/photo-1481549-fleuve-manambaho-ville-de-Morafenobe_jpg.html Sawirrada webiga ''Manambaho'' ee Morafenobe] {{Authority control}} hacgtznjm2rwhtckp4etk1xb6ol1k8v 0 48945 301715 2026-07-11T11:50:14Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301715 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Wixii ku saabsan degmada miyiga, eeg [[Manambolo (kala soocid)]]'' {{Infobox river | name = '''Manambolo''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Rijeka-Manambolo.png | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda wabiyaasha Madagascar (Manampatrana wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Hindiya]]). | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Melaky]], [[Bongolava]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = 370 km | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Soahazo]], | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|19|15|10|S|44|20|00|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = [[Webiga Itondy|Itondy]] | tributaries_right = [[Bepoaka]], [[Bebao]], [[Andranobe]], [[Manambolomaty]], | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }}{{Short description|Wabi ku yaal Madagascar}} [[File:Tsingy - 016.jpg|thumb|left|Webiga Manambolo]] '''Webiga Manambolo''' waa [[wabi]] ku yaal buuraleyda galbeedka [[Madagascar]] oo dhererkiisu yahay 370 km. Wuxuu maraa [[Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve]] iyo [[Maningoza Reserve]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Maningoza Special Reserve|url=http://www.madagaskar.com/parks-and-reserves/maningoza-special-reserve.html|website=Madagaskar.com|accessdate=26 October 2016}}</ref> [[File:Carte bassin Manambolo.svg|thumb|left|Dooxada webiga Manambolo]] Wadada aan laami-saarnayn ee [[Route nationale 8 (Madagascar)]] ayaa wabigan kaga gudubta doon. Wabigan wuxuu maraa [[Tsiroanomandidy]], [[Bekopaka]], [[Ambakaka]], [[Ankaramena]], [[Ankavandra]] iyo [[Soaloka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} ie6rpoxr5w0uc0gmkyjsfxagcnpua40 0 48946 301716 2026-07-11T11:51:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Manampatrana''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Fleuve du Manampatrana.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Manampatrana ee [[Anosy Tsararafa]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda wabiyaasha Madagascar (Manampatrana wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Hindiya]]). | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Atsimo-Atsinanana]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalo | subdivision_name5 = [[Farafangana]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Farafangana]], [[Atsimo-Atsinanana]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|22|49|10|S|47|49|00|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = 3976.52 km2<ref>[https://www.ephemeroptera-galactica.com/pubs/pub_e/pubelouardj2001p1.pdf BIODIVERSITE ET BIOTYPOLOGIE DES EAUX CONTINENTALES DE MADAGASCAR]</ref> | tributaries_left = [[Webiga Manambava|Manambava]] | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''''Manampatrana''''' waa wabi ku yaal gobolka [[Atsimo-Atsinanana]] ee koonfur-bari [[Madagascar]]. Wuxuu ka soo fulaa [[Andringitra Massif]] wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Hindiya]] waqooyiga [[Farafangana]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{commonscat}} 6hecjhazyxy5vrxt5eikflt1skr4y2r 0 48947 301717 2026-07-11T11:53:43Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Mananara''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = La Mananara à la sortie d'Anjozorobe.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Mananara, oo u dhow [[Anjozorobe]] | map = Rijeka-Mananara.png | map_size = | map_caption = Webiga Mananara | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|150|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = (Muddada: 1971–2000){{cvt|244.2|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Vangaindrano]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = Webiga Mananara | basin_size = {{convert|16,760|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Mananara''' waa mid ka mid ah wabiyaasha ugu waaweyn ee bariga [[Madagascar]].<ref name=LC>{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/madagascar/7.htm|title=Madagascar-GEOGRAPHY|website=countrystudies.us|publisher=U. S. Library of Congress|accessdate=27 September 2017}}</ref> Afkiisu wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Badweynta Hindiya]] meel u dhow magaalada [[Vangaindrano]] ee gobolka [[Atsimo-Atsinanana]]. Mananara South waxaa sameeya isku-darka Menarahaka, Itomampy, iyo Ionaivo. Ionaivo wuxuu ka kacaa jiirada buurta Tsimahamory, isagoo ku yaal joog qiyaastii 1500m ah. Itomampy wuxuu ka kacaa meel aan ka fogayn Ionaivo, qiyaastii 40 km u jirta Badweynta Hindiya, isagoo ku yaal qiyaastii 1600m, wuxuuna u qulqulaa woqooyi ilaa uu ka biiro Ionaivo. Menarahaka wuxuu ka kacaa buuraleyda Andringitra, isagoo ku yaal qiyaastii 2000m. Waxaa ku soo biira Sahambano ka hor inta uusan ku biirin Ionaivo.<ref name="aldg">Aldegheri, Marius. ''Rivers and Streams on Madagascar'', in Battistini, Rene & G. Richard-Vindard (ed.), ''Biogeography and Ecology in Madagascar'', p. 266–67 (1972))</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{coord|23|20|30|S|47|42|00|E|type:landmark_source:kolossus-frwiki|display=title}} 9dvq0t0v3y6jvkjxrrst5gdud82usf3 0 48948 301718 2026-07-11T11:55:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Mananara | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Rivière Mananara 3.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Mananara | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobollada Madagascar|Gobol]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Ambatosoa]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 150 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = (Muddada: 1971–2000){{cvt|171.5|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Gacanka Antongil]], [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|16|09|32|S|49|45|06|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size_km2 = 2,498 | basin_size_ref = <ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Mananara''' waa mid ka mid ah wabiyaasha ugu waaweyn ee waqooyi-bari [[Madagascar]]. Afkiisu wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Gacanka Antongil]] meel u dhow magaalada [[Mananara Nord]] ee gobolka [[Ambatosoa]]. == Tixraacyo == *Aldegheri, Marius. ''Rivers and Streams on Madagascar'', in Battistini, Rene & G. Richard-Vindard (ed.), ''Biogeography and Ecology in Madagascar'', p. 266–67 (1972)) {{reflist}} kmuebwha0why6ozxzqt2hxx6bnsslby 0 48949 301719 2026-07-11T11:57:17Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Manajary''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Madagascar rivers.svg | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Vatovavy]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{cvt|212|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = (Muddada: 1971–2000){{cvt|190.6|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = koonfurta [[Fandriana]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{cvt|1,500|m|abbr=on}} | source_confluence = | source_confluence_location = | source_confluence_coordinates= | source_confluence_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Mananjary]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|21|15|25|S|48|20|40|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = Webiga Mananjary | basin_size = {{cvt|6,780|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} ilaa {{cvt|6,992.5|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | tributaries_left = Ampasory, Saka, Maka | tributaries_right = Ivoanana, Manaroko | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Mananjary''' wuxuu ku yaal koonfurta [[Madagascar]], ee gobolka [[Vatovavy]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa xeebta bari, isagoo ku shubma [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. Wuxuu u adeegaa xadka koonfureed ee dhulka loo yaqaan [[Betsimisaraka region|Betsimisaraka]].<ref name="study">[[Helen Chapin Metz]], ed., ''[http://countrystudies.us/madagascar/11.htm Madagascar: A Country Study]'', Library of Congress, 1994., accessed 14 August 2008</ref> Afkiisu wuxuu ku yaallaa magaalada [[Mananjary]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/361281/Mananjary|title=Mananjary - Madagascar|publisher=}}</ref> [[File:Mananjary OSM.png|thumb|Webiga Mananjary]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 3c02ro9rfgnapux5mz4kpw0v2sb53k1 0 48950 301720 2026-07-11T11:58:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 301720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Manajeba''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Manajeba riviere - Marivorahona.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Manajeba oo ku yaal [[Marivorahona]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Diana Region|Diana]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalo | subdivision_name5 = [[Marivorahona]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 248 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg = (Muddada: 1971–2000){{cvt|59.3|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | discharge2_location= [[Marivorahona]] (1980–1983) | discharge2_min = {{convert|0.497|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge2_avg = {{convert|24.2|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}- (1980–1983) | discharge2_max = {{convert|220|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Tsaratanana Massif]] | source1_location = [[Diana Region|Diana]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|1,785|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|12|53|00|S|48|56|30|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size_km2 = 2,198.6 | basin_size_ref = <ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Manajeba''' wuxuu ku yaallaa waqooyiga [[Madagascar]]. Isha uu ka yimaado waxay ku taallaa meel u dhow [[Tsaratanana Massif]]; wuxuu ka gudbaa [[Route nationale 6 (Madagascar)|Route nationale 6]] meel u dhow [[Tanambao Marivorahona]] wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. Bishii Janaayo 2012, buundada 32 mitir ee [[Route nationale 6 (Madagascar)|Route nationale 6]] ayaa duntay inta u dhaxaysa [[Tanambao Marivorahona]] iyo tuulada Marivorahona.<ref>[https://latribune.cyber-diego.com/actualites/722-rn6-madagascar-effondrement-du-pont-de-marivorahona-ambilobe.html RN6 Effondrement du pont]</ref> == Tixraacyo == *[http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers12-07/010013840.pdf Bauduin & Servat, ''Etude d'Hydrologie à usage Agricole'' - ORSTOM pp.1-829] - bogga 29 {{reflist}} 7lyzs9vv86rkbj25atqb3ogz57zj4x4