Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1687 302100 295528 2026-07-13T07:27:24Z Muuse8 36079 302100 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Maqaal ku saabsan magaalo taariikhiga ah ee Saylac, faahfaahin fiiri [[Saldanadii Adal]] {{Infobox settlement | official_name = | native_name = {{native name|so|Saylac}}<br />{{native name|ar|زيلع|italic=no}} | other_name = | settlement_type = [[Magaalo]] | image_skyline = {{Photomontage |color=#ffffff | photo1a = Zeila, Somaliland.jpg | photo2a = Saylac Somaliland.jpg | photo2b = Saylac, Somaliland.jpg | photo3a = Zeila g.place.jpg | photo3b = Zeila_city.jpg | photo4a = Zeila_at_night.jpg | photo4b = | spacing = 2 | border = 0 | size = 266 }} | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Awdal | pushpin_label_position = Sax | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Somaliland | coordinates = {{coord|11|21|14|N|43|28|23|E|region:SO-AW|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somaliland}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobolada Somaliland|Gobolka]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Degmada]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Awdal]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Degmada Saylac]] | established_title = La asaasay | established_date = ca. Qarnigii 1-aad ee CE | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | population_total = 18,600<ref name="tageo">[http://www.tageo.com/index-e-so-cities-SO.htm Somalia City & Town Population]. [http://www.tageo.com/index.php?show=about Tageo.com]. Retrieved 2020-03-18.</ref> | population_as_of = 2012 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = | population_note = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | website = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] | blank_info = [[BWh]] | name =Saylac }} '''Saylac''' ([[Carabi]]: {{big|زيلع}}; {{wadaad|سيلع}}; {{lang-en|Zeila ama Zaila}}) waa [[magaalo]] xeebeed taariikhi ah oo ku taala gobolka [[Salal]] ee dalka [[Somaliland]]. Magaalada waxay ku taalaa waqooyi-bari Gobolka Awdal, waxayna aad ugu dhowdahay wadanka [[Jabuuti]] oo u jirtaa ilaa 120 km. Taariikh yahanadu waxay sheegaan magaladaan asalkeedii inay ahayd goob madal u ah somalida oo aad u yareed xiliyadii ay jirtey magalada seylac, waxaana la sheegaa taariikhda marka dib loo raaco inay magalada somali aas aastay waqti aad u fog ka hor, magalada saylac waxaa la sheegaa inay aas aaseen beesha Isaaq Magaalada Seylac oo ah mid qadiimi ah oo aad u taariikh dheer ayaa wakhti xaadirkan magaalo-madax u ah gobolka [[Selel]] oo ah gobol cusub ooy magacaabtey dowlada [[Somaliland]]. Seylac waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay ineey jirtey tan iyo wakhti ka horeeysay soo bixitaanka diinta [[Islaam]]ka, midaasi oo ah goobaha ugu taariikhda dheer qaarada [[Afrika]], iyada oo ay ku yaalaan meelo fara badan oo taariikhi ah hase yeeshee ka turjumaaya taariikhda geeska Afrika gaar ahaan tan [[Soomaalida]]. Waxa laga soo xigtey sahamiyayaal Roman iyo Giriig ah in [[qarni|qarnigii 1aad]] Sey|lac dhisneyd isla markaana lahayd maamul caasimadeed iyo hogaan heer sare ah. Tan iyo horaantii soo bixitaanka [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka magaalada Seylac waxay ahayd hooy waxbarasho, ganacsi, dhaqan, ilbaxnimo, xadaarad iyo maamul boqortooyo. Qiyaastii qarnigii 7aad ilaa 8aad ayaa diinta Islaamku ku soo fidey magaalada Seylac oo wakhti kooban ku noqotay hooyga diinta ee guud ahaan qaarada [[Afrika]], gaar ahaan gobolka geeska Afrika. Badhtamihii qarnigii 9aad ayaa maagaalada Seylac waxay aasaas iyo saldhig u noqotey biloowgii [[Adal|Boqortooyadii Adal]], midaasi oo ka talin jirtey deegaanadaas mudo qarniyo ah ilaa laga soo gaadhayay qarnigii 14aad markii ay gaadhay meesha ugu sareeysay ee deegaanada geeska Afrika. Wakhtiyadii ku xigay waxaa caasimada qadiimiga ah la wareegay Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta oo xukumayay tan iyo goortii ay kala wareegtay [[Ingiriis|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]. == Juquraafiga Seylac == Magaalada Seylac waxay ku taalaa Galbeedka [[Somaliland]], gaar ahaan xeebta waqooyi ee gobolka [[Awdal]]. Magaaladu waxay xarun u tahay [[Degmada Saylac]]. Sanadkii 2008da ayaa dowlada [[Somaliland]] u magacaawdey magaalo-madaxda gobol cusub oo lagu magacaabey [[Selel]]. Bari iyo waqooyi waxaay Saylac la wadaagtaa gacanka Cadmeed, galbeed waxaa ka xiga wadanka [[Jabuuti]], magaalada [[Borama]] waxay dhacdaa 243.3 kilomitir koonfur-bari, halka magaalada [[Berbera]] u jirto 270 km bariga magaalada Seylac. Magaalada qadiimiga ah ee [[Harar]] waxay u jirtaa 320 km galbeedka. Deegaanka magaalada Seylac waxaa uu leeyahay caro bataax coowlaan ah, taasi oo ka dhigtey magaalada lama-degaan la mood. Waxayna dhinaca u saaran tahay [[Banka Giriyaad]] ee dhaca waqooyiga gobolka Awdal, maanta lagu xisaabiyo gobolka Selel. Intaas waxaa dheer, in Seylac agagaarkeeda ku yaalaan ilaa dhowr-iyo-toban gasiiradood oo yaryar, kuwaas ooy ka mid tahay [[Gasiirada Saacadiin]] ee loogu magaca daray suldaan Saacadiin oo ka mid ahaa madaxdii boqortooyada Adal. Wado xumo iyo biyo yaraan ayaa magaalada Seylac ku haya dhibaato weyn. ===Degmooyinka Saylac === * [[Cabdulqaadir (degmo)]] * [[Jidhi]] * [[Lawyacado]] * [[Tokhoshi]] * [[Xariirad]] * [[Libaax-ley]] * [[Geerisa]] == Taariikhda Saylac == [[File:Zeila_waterfront,_3rd_quarter_of_19th_century.jpg|thumb|Magaalada Saylac qiyaastii qarnigii 19aad.]] Magaalada Saylac waxaa soo booqday qoraagii caanka ahaa ee Ibn_batuutah 1330-kii, halkaasoo uu ku tilmaamay inay ahayd magaalo weyn xilligaa. Qarnigii 16-naad waxay magaalada Saylac ahayd caasimaddii maamulkii caanka ahaa ee Adal. Qoraalada laga hayo Saylac way farabadan yihiin, balse aan ku soo koobo, laba socdaal oo ay kusoo kala mareen nin la odhan jiray Johnston iyo ninkale oo la odhan jiray Richard Burton. Richard iyo Johnston labaduba, waxay soo mareen sebenkii uu ka talinayay magaalada Saylac Sheekh Sharmaarke Ali Saalax oo magaalada ka ahaa guddoomiye muddo dheer. Labadaa nin-ba waxay ku tilmaameen magaalada Saylac inay ahayd magaalo weyn oo uu ka socday ganacsi aad u xoogbadani. Sida ay ku bilaabantey iyo goorta ay aasaasantey magaalada Seylac taariikhyahanadu weli weey isku khilaafsan yihiin. Laakiin waxaa la isla garoowsadey in magaalada Saylac ay jirtey [[qarni]]gii [[1aad]], wakhtigaasi ooy soo siyaarteen bad-mareeno u dhashay Romanka iyo Giriiga. Warbixin laga soo xigtey ragaasi ayaa lagu ogaaday in magaalada Saylac ahayd mid aad u dhisan, maamul iyo kala dambeyn leh, ganacsi aad u balaadhan ka socdo, isla markaana leh mid ka mida xadaaradiihii ugu sareeyay wakhtigaasi. Magaalada Saylac aad ayay u awoodaysatey wakhtiyadii ku xigay, isla markaana ku fidey deegaanada jaarka la ahaa kuwaas oo dagaalo qadhaadh dhex maray. '''DEEGAAN AHAAN''' Magalada saylac waxa degaan ahaan ugu badan '''Beesha Gadabuursi iyo tiro kooban oo [[Beesha Ciise]] ah.''' oo u badan degaanka baadiyaha ee ku xeeran degmada saylac. Saylac waxay xarun u ahayd Ugaasyadii kala duwanaa ee soo maray Beesha Gadabuursi, iyadoo markii Britishku yimid xeebaha saylac ay ku kala saxeexdeen heshiis loogu magac daray Anglo-Gadabuursi Treaty 11-december-1884. '''[[Saldanadii Cadal]]''' (micno ahaan "Cadaalad") waxay aheyd [[boqor]]tooyo xukumi jirtay deegaano badan oo ka tirsan [[Gobolka Awdal]] ee galbeedka [[Somaliland]], meelo ka mid ah dhulka [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Jabuuti]] ilaa [[Eratareya]]. Boqortooyada Cadal waxey ka mid ahayd boqortooyada ugu [[taariikh]]da dheeraa uguna awooda weynaa gayiga iyo deegaanada ay dagaan dadka [[Soomaalida]] iyo agagaarkooda. In kastoo boqortooyadu ka bilaabantey magaalada taariikhiga ah ee xudunta u ahayd ee [[Saylac]] waxay saldhigyo waaweyn ku lahayd magaalada [[Harare]] iyo nawaaxigeeda. Magaalada [[Saylac]] ayay ka bilaabantey boqortooyadu ka dib ku fidey deegaanka geeska [[Afrika]]. Sanadihii 1415 ilaa 1577 ayay boqortooyada Cadal ugu awood badneyd goortaas ooy maamuleysay in ka badan shan kun oo kilomitir isku wareeg ah. Deegaanada hoosyimaada Degmada Saylac waxaa lagu cabiraa dhul baaxadiisu le'eg tahay ilaa 18,566&nbsp;km kaasi ooy ku dhaqan yihiin dad gaadhaya ilaa 105,000. Sida caadiga degmadani waxaa xarun u ah magaalada qadiimiga ah ee [[Saylac]]. Magaalooyin kale oo hoosyimaada maamulkani waxaa la mid ah [[Lughaya]], [[Caasha Cado]], [[Xariirad]], [[Jidhi]] iyo [[Lawyacado]] kuwaasi oo dhamaantood ah magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin. ===Muuqaalo Taariikhi ah=== <gallery perrow=" " widths="208" heights="208" caption="Muuqaalo"> Relief of Hatshepsut's expedition to the Land of Punt by Σταύρος.jpg YagbeaSionBattlingAdaSultan.JPG </gallery> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Degmada Baki]] * [[Degmada Boorama]] * [[Degmada Saylac]] * [[Degmada Lughaya]] * [[Awdal]] * [[Awdalland]] * [[Saldanadii Cadal]] ==Xigasho== {{Reflist}} ==Tixraac iyo Linkiyo== *[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/120222_OCHASom_Administrative_Map_Awadal_Zeylac_A3.pdf Administrative map of Zeila District] *{{cite book|title=Horn of Africa Bulletin, Volume 12|year=2000|publisher=Life & Peace Institute|page=23}} {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} {{Portal|Somaliland}} {{commons|Zeila}} {{Magaaloyaasha iyo Tuulooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} [[Category:Somaliland]] [[Category:Awdal]] 0gov3mwqbha0y5om0augpm6nsg29pxo 302180 302100 2026-07-13T11:09:37Z Muuse8 36079 /* Taariikhda Saylac */ 302180 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Maqaal ku saabsan magaalo taariikhiga ah ee Saylac, faahfaahin fiiri [[Saldanadii Adal]] {{Infobox settlement | official_name = | native_name = {{native name|so|Saylac}}<br />{{native name|ar|زيلع|italic=no}} | other_name = | settlement_type = [[Magaalo]] | image_skyline = {{Photomontage |color=#ffffff | photo1a = Zeila, Somaliland.jpg | photo2a = Saylac Somaliland.jpg | photo2b = Saylac, Somaliland.jpg | photo3a = Zeila g.place.jpg | photo3b = Zeila_city.jpg | photo4a = Zeila_at_night.jpg | photo4b = | spacing = 2 | border = 0 | size = 266 }} | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Awdal | pushpin_label_position = Sax | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Somaliland | coordinates = {{coord|11|21|14|N|43|28|23|E|region:SO-AW|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somaliland}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobolada Somaliland|Gobolka]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Degmada]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Awdal]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Degmada Saylac]] | established_title = La asaasay | established_date = ca. Qarnigii 1-aad ee CE | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | population_total = 18,600<ref name="tageo">[http://www.tageo.com/index-e-so-cities-SO.htm Somalia City & Town Population]. [http://www.tageo.com/index.php?show=about Tageo.com]. Retrieved 2020-03-18.</ref> | population_as_of = 2012 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = | population_note = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | website = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] | blank_info = [[BWh]] | name =Saylac }} '''Saylac''' ([[Carabi]]: {{big|زيلع}}; {{wadaad|سيلع}}; {{lang-en|Zeila ama Zaila}}) waa [[magaalo]] xeebeed taariikhi ah oo ku taala gobolka [[Salal]] ee dalka [[Somaliland]]. Magaalada waxay ku taalaa waqooyi-bari Gobolka Awdal, waxayna aad ugu dhowdahay wadanka [[Jabuuti]] oo u jirtaa ilaa 120 km. Taariikh yahanadu waxay sheegaan magaladaan asalkeedii inay ahayd goob madal u ah somalida oo aad u yareed xiliyadii ay jirtey magalada seylac, waxaana la sheegaa taariikhda marka dib loo raaco inay magalada somali aas aastay waqti aad u fog ka hor, magalada saylac waxaa la sheegaa inay aas aaseen beesha Isaaq Magaalada Seylac oo ah mid qadiimi ah oo aad u taariikh dheer ayaa wakhti xaadirkan magaalo-madax u ah gobolka [[Selel]] oo ah gobol cusub ooy magacaabtey dowlada [[Somaliland]]. Seylac waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay ineey jirtey tan iyo wakhti ka horeeysay soo bixitaanka diinta [[Islaam]]ka, midaasi oo ah goobaha ugu taariikhda dheer qaarada [[Afrika]], iyada oo ay ku yaalaan meelo fara badan oo taariikhi ah hase yeeshee ka turjumaaya taariikhda geeska Afrika gaar ahaan tan [[Soomaalida]]. Waxa laga soo xigtey sahamiyayaal Roman iyo Giriig ah in [[qarni|qarnigii 1aad]] Sey|lac dhisneyd isla markaana lahayd maamul caasimadeed iyo hogaan heer sare ah. Tan iyo horaantii soo bixitaanka [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka magaalada Seylac waxay ahayd hooy waxbarasho, ganacsi, dhaqan, ilbaxnimo, xadaarad iyo maamul boqortooyo. Qiyaastii qarnigii 7aad ilaa 8aad ayaa diinta Islaamku ku soo fidey magaalada Seylac oo wakhti kooban ku noqotay hooyga diinta ee guud ahaan qaarada [[Afrika]], gaar ahaan gobolka geeska Afrika. Badhtamihii qarnigii 9aad ayaa maagaalada Seylac waxay aasaas iyo saldhig u noqotey biloowgii [[Adal|Boqortooyadii Adal]], midaasi oo ka talin jirtey deegaanadaas mudo qarniyo ah ilaa laga soo gaadhayay qarnigii 14aad markii ay gaadhay meesha ugu sareeysay ee deegaanada geeska Afrika. Wakhtiyadii ku xigay waxaa caasimada qadiimiga ah la wareegay Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta oo xukumayay tan iyo goortii ay kala wareegtay [[Ingiriis|Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]. == Juquraafiga Seylac == Magaalada Seylac waxay ku taalaa Galbeedka [[Somaliland]], gaar ahaan xeebta waqooyi ee gobolka [[Awdal]]. Magaaladu waxay xarun u tahay [[Degmada Saylac]]. Sanadkii 2008da ayaa dowlada [[Somaliland]] u magacaawdey magaalo-madaxda gobol cusub oo lagu magacaabey [[Selel]]. Bari iyo waqooyi waxaay Saylac la wadaagtaa gacanka Cadmeed, galbeed waxaa ka xiga wadanka [[Jabuuti]], magaalada [[Borama]] waxay dhacdaa 243.3 kilomitir koonfur-bari, halka magaalada [[Berbera]] u jirto 270 km bariga magaalada Seylac. Magaalada qadiimiga ah ee [[Harar]] waxay u jirtaa 320 km galbeedka. Deegaanka magaalada Seylac waxaa uu leeyahay caro bataax coowlaan ah, taasi oo ka dhigtey magaalada lama-degaan la mood. Waxayna dhinaca u saaran tahay [[Banka Giriyaad]] ee dhaca waqooyiga gobolka Awdal, maanta lagu xisaabiyo gobolka Selel. Intaas waxaa dheer, in Seylac agagaarkeeda ku yaalaan ilaa dhowr-iyo-toban gasiiradood oo yaryar, kuwaas ooy ka mid tahay [[Gasiirada Saacadiin]] ee loogu magaca daray suldaan Saacadiin oo ka mid ahaa madaxdii boqortooyada Adal. Wado xumo iyo biyo yaraan ayaa magaalada Seylac ku haya dhibaato weyn. ===Degmooyinka Saylac === * [[Cabdulqaadir (degmo)]] * [[Jidhi]] * [[Lawyacado]] * [[Tokhoshi]] * [[Xariirad]] * [[Libaax-ley]] * [[Geerisa]] == Taariikhda Saylac == [[File:Zeila_waterfront,_3rd_quarter_of_19th_century.jpg|thumb|Magaalada Saylac qiyaastii qarnigii 19aad.]] Magaalada Saylac waxaa soo booqday qoraagii caanka ahaa ee Ibn_batuutah 1330-kii, halkaasoo uu ku tilmaamay inay ahayd magaalo weyn xilligaa. Qarnigii 16-naad waxay magaalada Saylac ahayd caasimaddii maamulkii caanka ahaa ee Adal. Qoraalada laga hayo Saylac way farabadan yihiin, balse aan ku soo koobo, laba socdaal oo ay kusoo kala mareen nin la odhan jiray Johnston iyo ninkale oo la odhan jiray Richard Burton. Richard iyo Johnston labaduba, waxay soo mareen sebenkii uu ka talinayay magaalada Saylac Sheekh Sharmaarke Ali Saalax oo magaalada ka ahaa guddoomiye muddo dheer. Labadaa nin-ba waxay ku tilmaameen magaalada Saylac inay ahayd magaalo weyn oo uu ka socday ganacsi aad u xoogbadani. Sida ay ku bilaabantey iyo goorta ay aasaasantey magaalada Seylac taariikhyahanadu weli weey isku khilaafsan yihiin. Laakiin waxaa la isla garoowsadey in magaalada Saylac ay jirtey [[qarni]]gii [[1aad]], wakhtigaasi ooy soo siyaarteen bad-mareeno u dhashay Romanka iyo Giriiga. Warbixin laga soo xigtey ragaasi ayaa lagu ogaaday in magaalada Saylac ahayd mid aad u dhisan, maamul iyo kala dambeyn leh, ganacsi aad u balaadhan ka socdo, isla markaana leh mid ka mida xadaaradiihii ugu sareeyay wakhtigaasi. Magaalada Saylac aad ayay u awoodaysatey wakhtiyadii ku xigay, isla markaana ku fidey deegaanada jaarka la ahaa kuwaas oo dagaalo qadhaadh dhex maray. '''DEEGAAN AHAAN''' Saylac waxay xarun u ahayd Ugaasyadii kala duwanaa ee soo maray Beesha Gadabuursi, iyadoo markii Britishku yimid xeebaha saylac ay ku kala saxeexdeen heshiis loogu magac daray Anglo-Gadabuursi Treaty 11-december-1884. '''[[Saldanadii Cadal]]''' (micno ahaan "Cadaalad") waxay aheyd [[boqor]]tooyo xukumi jirtay deegaano badan oo ka tirsan [[Gobolka Awdal]] ee galbeedka [[Somaliland]], meelo ka mid ah dhulka [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Jabuuti]] ilaa [[Eratareya]]. Boqortooyada Cadal waxey ka mid ahayd boqortooyada ugu [[taariikh]]da dheeraa uguna awooda weynaa gayiga iyo deegaanada ay dagaan dadka [[Soomaalida]] iyo agagaarkooda. In kastoo boqortooyadu ka bilaabantey magaalada taariikhiga ah ee xudunta u ahayd ee [[Saylac]] waxay saldhigyo waaweyn ku lahayd magaalada [[Harare]] iyo nawaaxigeeda. Magaalada [[Saylac]] ayay ka bilaabantey boqortooyadu ka dib ku fidey deegaanka geeska [[Afrika]]. Sanadihii 1415 ilaa 1577 ayay boqortooyada Cadal ugu awood badneyd goortaas ooy maamuleysay in ka badan shan kun oo kilomitir isku wareeg ah. Deegaanada hoosyimaada Degmada Saylac waxaa lagu cabiraa dhul baaxadiisu le'eg tahay ilaa 18,566&nbsp;km kaasi ooy ku dhaqan yihiin dad gaadhaya ilaa 105,000. Sida caadiga degmadani waxaa xarun u ah magaalada qadiimiga ah ee [[Saylac]]. Magaalooyin kale oo hoosyimaada maamulkani waxaa la mid ah [[Lughaya]], [[Caasha Cado]], [[Xariirad]], [[Jidhi]] iyo [[Lawyacado]] kuwaasi oo dhamaantood ah magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin. ===Muuqaalo Taariikhi ah=== <gallery perrow=" " widths="208" heights="208" caption="Muuqaalo"> Relief of Hatshepsut's expedition to the Land of Punt by Σταύρος.jpg YagbeaSionBattlingAdaSultan.JPG </gallery> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Degmada Baki]] * [[Degmada Boorama]] * [[Degmada Saylac]] * [[Degmada Lughaya]] * [[Awdal]] * [[Awdalland]] * [[Saldanadii Cadal]] ==Xigasho== {{Reflist}} ==Tixraac iyo Linkiyo== *[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/120222_OCHASom_Administrative_Map_Awadal_Zeylac_A3.pdf Administrative map of Zeila District] *{{cite book|title=Horn of Africa Bulletin, Volume 12|year=2000|publisher=Life & Peace Institute|page=23}} {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} {{Portal|Somaliland}} {{commons|Zeila}} {{Magaaloyaasha iyo Tuulooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} [[Category:Somaliland]] [[Category:Awdal]] slio3c9xlugqtydytg4ir2qq33l3nul 0 4827 302012 301242 2026-07-12T20:58:47Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.” */ 302012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|189px]]<S>[[Maldives]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |18.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |21.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |24."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Romania]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |29._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- <S'!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. 190/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24..".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |29.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |31."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- [[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Stevan Kragujevic, Gamal Abdel Naser u Beogradu, 1962.jpg|thumb|central|The second President of [[Egyptians]] 1954–1971.jpg: "as" President of [[Greater Arab Republics]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} rxlyb35su7zigvlhzsb8jrkjkwm5hbj 302018 302012 2026-07-13T01:23:56Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million³ |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|189px]]<S>[[Maldives]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |18.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |21.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |24."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Romania]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |29._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- <S'!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. 190/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24..".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |29.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |31."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- [[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Stevan Kragujevic, Gamal Abdel Naser u Beogradu, 1962.jpg|thumb|central|The second President of [[Egyptians]] 1954–1971.jpg: "as" President of [[Greater Arab Republics]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} l44wqflx8n1dnty9u3lf8dej05ttpij 302084 302018 2026-07-13T03:18:38Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.” */ 302084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|189px]]<S>[[Maldives]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |18.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |21.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |24."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |28.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |29.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Romania]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |29._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- <S'!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. 190/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24..".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|191px]]<S>[[Mooskoow]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |29.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |31."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- [[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Stevan Kragujevic, Gamal Abdel Naser u Beogradu, 1962.jpg|thumb|central|The second President of [[Egyptians]] 1954–1971.jpg: "as" President of [[Greater Arab Republics]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} chlzfmx3kwxpdt6yjuv82azfaxo50q1 302085 302084 2026-07-13T03:21:41Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!” */ 302085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million³ |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|189px]]<S>[[Maldives]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |18.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |21.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |24."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |28.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Baariis]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |29.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Romania]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |29._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- <S'!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. 190/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|191px]]<S>[[Mooskoow]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24..".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |29.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |31."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- [[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Stevan Kragujevic, Gamal Abdel Naser u Beogradu, 1962.jpg|thumb|central|The second President of [[Egyptians]] 1954–1971.jpg: "as" President of [[Greater Arab Republics]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} rc4cjvh0tkn08ised3b8idf1ysq219s 0 5403 302013 296100 2026-07-12T21:04:07Z ~2026-39553-31 46475 /* Waddanamaha Degaan Koonfur korea */ 302013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Koonfur Korea | common_name = South Korea | native_name = {{native name|ko|대한민국|italics=off}}<br />{{smaller|{{transl|ko|Daehan Minguk}}([[Revised Romanization of Korean|RR]])}}<!--Please do not add official regional/minority languages here; use the langbox template directly below, included specifically for that purpose--> | image_flag = Flag of South Korea.svg | other_symbol = <div style="padding:0.3em;">[[File:Seal of South Korea.svg|border|85px|]]</div> | other_symbol_type = | alt_flag = Centered taegeuk on a white rectangle inclusive of four black trigrams | image_coat =Emblem of South Korea.svg | alt_coat = Centered taegeuk on a hibiscus syriacus surrounded by five stylized petals and a ribbon | symbol_type = Emblem | national_motto = {{lang|ko|홍익인간}} (''de facto'')<Br/>{{transl|ko|[[Hongik Ingan]]}}<br />"To broadly benefit the human world"<Ref name="lie">{{cite journal|url=http://www.fssp.uaic.ro/argumentum/Numarul%2010%20%282%29/Articol%20Cozmiuc.pdf|page=6|title=A New Way of Seeing Country Social Responsibility|journal=Faculty of Philosophy and Social-Political Sciences |access-date=16 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925143746/http://www.fssp.uaic.ro/argumentum/Numarul%2010%20%282%29/Articol%20Cozmiuc.pdf |archive-date = 25 September 2013}}</ref> | anthem = {{lang|ko|애국가}}<Br/>{{transl|ko|[[Aegukga]]}}<Br/>"The Patriotic Song"<div style="position: relative; top:0.2em;">{{center|[[File:National anthem of South Korea, performed by the United States Navy Band.wav]]}}</div> | image_map = Republic of Korea (orthographic projection).svg | map_width = 250px | alt_map = | map_caption = Dark green: Territory controlled by Republic of Korea <br/> Lighter green: Territory claimed but uncontrolled by Republic of Korea | capital = [[Seoul]]<br />{{Coord|37|33|N|126|58|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Korean language|Korean]] ([[South Korean standard language|Pyojuneo]])<br />[[Korean Sign Language]]<Ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%88%98%ED%99%94%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EB%B2%95/(13978,20160203) |script-title=ko:[시행 2016.8.4.] [법률 제13978호, 2016.2.3., 제정]|trans-title=Enforcement 2016.8.4. Law No. 13978, enacted on February 3, 2016|language=ko |year=2016 |access-date=26 July 2017}}</ref> | languages_type = [[Official script]] | languages = [[Hangul]] | ethnic_groups = {{plainlist| * 95.1% [[Koreans|Korean]] * 4.9% [[Demographics of South Korea#Ethnic groups|Others]] }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2019 | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2020/07/742_283632.html|title=Foreign population in Korea tops 2.5 million|date=24 February 2020|website=koreatimes}}</ref> | religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |56.1% [[Irreligion in South Korea|No religion]] |27.6% [[Christianity in Korea|Christianity]]{{efn|name=Christian|19.7% are [[Protestantism|Protestant]], 7.9% are [[Catholic Church in South Korea|Catholic]]}} |15.5% [[Korean Buddhism]] |0.8% Others }} | religion_year = 2015 | religion_ref = <ref name="Kim-Shon-Chosunilbo2016">{{cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Han-soo |last2=Shon |first2=Jin-seok |url=http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2016/12/20/2016122000155.html |script-title=ko:신자 수, 개신교 1위… "종교 없다" 56% |work=[[Chosun Ilbo]] |date=20 December 2016 |access-date=2 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="ABC-CLIO"/> | demonym = {{hlist|[[Demographics of South Korea|South Korean]]|[[Koreans|Korean]]}} | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of South Korea|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Choi Sang Mok]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of South Korea|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Kim Boo-kyum]] | leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the National Assembly of South Korea|Speaker of the National Assembly]] | leader_name3 = [[Park Byeong-seug]] | leader_title4 = [[Chief Justice of the Republic of Korea|Chief Justice]] | leader_name4 = [[Kim Myeong-soo]] | leader_title5 = [[Constitutional Court of Korea|President of the Constitutional Court]] | leader_name5 = [[Yoo Nam-seok]] | legislature = [[National Assembly (South Korea)|National Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Korea|Establishment history]] | established_event1 = [[Gojoseon|First Korean kingdom]] | established_date1 = {{circa}} 7th century BCE | established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[Korean Declaration of Independence|Independence declared]]}} | established_date2 = 1 March 1919 | established_event3 = [[Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea|Provisional Government]] | established_date3 = 11 April 1919 | established_event4 = [[Victory over Japan Day|Surrender]] of [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] | established_date4 = 15 August 1945 | established_event5 = [[United States Army Military Government in Korea|US administration]] of Korea south of the [[38th parallel north|38th parallel]] | established_date5 = 8 September 1945 | established_event6 = [[First Republic of South Korea|ROK established]] | established_date6 = 15 August 1948 | established_event7 = [[History of South Korea#Sixth Republic 1987-present|Current constitution]] | established_date7 = 25 February 1988 | established_event8 = [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 702|Admitted to]] the [[United Nations|UN]] | established_date8 = {{nowrap|17 September 1991}} | area_km2 = 100,363 | area_rank = 107th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = 38,750 | percent_water = 0.3 (301&nbsp;km{{smallsup|2}}{{\}}116&nbsp;mi{{smallsup|2}}) | population_estimate = {{increase neutral}} 51,709,098<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://kosis.kr/nsportalStats/nsportalStats_0102Body.jsp?menuId=10 |script-title=ko:Kosis 100대 지표}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2019 | population_estimate_rank = 27th | population_density_km2 = 507 | population_density_rank = 13th | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $2.436 trillion<ref name="IMFWEOKR">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2020/October/weo-report?c=542,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2019&ey=2020&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=14 October 2020}}</Ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2021 | GDP_PPP_rank = 14th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $47,027<ref name="IMFWEOKR" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 28th | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $1.806 trillion<ref name="IMFWEOKR" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2021 | GDP_nominal_rank = 10th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $30,998<ref name="IMFWEOKR" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 28th | Gini = 34.5 | Gini_year = 2018 | Gini_change = decrease | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm|title=Inequality – Income inequality – OECD Data|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]|access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.916<!-- Number only, between 0 and 1. --> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. --> | HDI_change = increase<!-- Increase/decrease/steady. --> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2020|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=15 December 2020|access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 23rd | currency = [[South Korean won|Korean Republic won]] (₩) | currency_code = KRW | time_zone = [[Korea Standard Time]] | utc_offset = +9 | date_format = {{unbulleted list|yyyy년 m월 d일|yyyy. m. d. ([[Common Era|CE]])}} | electricity = [[Mains electricity by country|220 V–60 Hz]] | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in South Korea|+82]] | cctld = {{hlist|[[.kr]]|[[.한국]]}} }} {{Infobox | title = Republic of Korea | image = South Korea with Hanja.svg | image_size = 300px | caption = "Republic of Korea" in [[Hangul]] (top) and [[Hanja]] (bottom) scripts. | skhangul = {{linktext|대한민국}} | skhanja = {{lang|ko|{{linktext|大韓民國}}}} | skmr = Taehan Min’guk | rr = Daehan Min(-)guk | color = khaki | context = north }} {{Infobox | title = South Korea | skhangul = {{linktext|남|한}} | skhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|南韓}} | skrr = Namhan | skmr = Namhan | nkhangul = {{linktext|남|조|선}} | nkhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|南朝鮮}} | nkrr = Namjoseon | nkmr = Namchosŏn | ibox-order = ko4, ko3 }} '''Koonfur Kuuriya''' (남한, 南韓) ama '''Jamhuuriyadda Kuuriya''' (대한민국, 大韓民國) waa wadan yar oo ku yaalo [[bari]]ga Aasiya. magaalo madaxda wadanka waa Seoul. Koonfur Kuuriya iyo [[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]] markii hore waxaa la isku dhihi jiray Kuuriya, waxeena kala go'een sanadka marka oo ahaa 1950kii, marka ee dagaalo xun dhaxmareen labada qeebood. Korea oo dhan waxaa soo gumeestay wadanka japaan 1910kii ilaa 1945kii. Dalka kuuriya koon fured waa dal kuyaalo qaarada aasiya.: ==Sawiro== [[File:Samsung headquarters.jpg|thump|right|160px|Samsung “The Korean Town” City.:]] [[File:Myeongdong_Neon_at_Night,_Seoul.jpg|thumb|right|160px|Myeongdong Neon at Night, Seoul.]] [[File:LG logo (2014).svg|thump|left|350px|LG Corps..|Dn’tRemvepl.:}}]] [[File:Samsung Black icon.svg|thump|right|350px|Shmsng Group.|Dn’tRmvpl.:]] ==Xubin== * [[IMF]]*` * [[ADB]]*` * [[AIIB]]*` * [[OECD]]*` *''[[Bankiga Aduunka]]'' **` *''[[Kooxda Labaatanka]]'' **` *'''[[Qaramada Midoobay]]''' **` ==Waddanamaha Degaan Koonfur korea== * {{Flag|China}}: P.R.Ch.;2,951,000.00++: * {{Flag|Turkey}}; 114,000++: * {{Flag|Malaysia}}; 114,000++: * {{Flag|Indonesia}} 215,000++: * {{Flag|Japan}} 165,000+ == Xogta == {{Reflist}} {{commons|대한민국}} 80ybzttgb8uk6sun66ifdcubrh9a8sv 302014 302013 2026-07-12T21:06:41Z ~2026-39553-31 46475 302014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Koonfur Korea | common_name = South Korea | native_name = {{native name|ko|대한민국|italics=off}}<br />{{smaller|{{transl|ko|Daehan Minguk}}([[Revised Romanization of Korean|RR]])}}<!--Please do not add official regional/minority languages here; use the langbox template directly below, included specifically for that purpose--> | image_flag = Flag of South Korea.svg | other_symbol = <div style="padding:0.3em;">[[File:Seal of South Korea.svg|border|85px|]]</div> | other_symbol_type = | alt_flag = Centered taegeuk on a white rectangle inclusive of four black trigrams | image_coat =Emblem of South Korea.svg | alt_coat = Centered taegeuk on a hibiscus syriacus surrounded by five stylized petals and a ribbon | symbol_type = Emblem | national_motto = {{lang|ko|홍익인간}} (''de facto'')<Br/>{{transl|ko|[[Hongik Ingan]]}}<br />"To broadly benefit the human world"<Ref name="lie">{{cite journal|url=http://www.fssp.uaic.ro/argumentum/Numarul%2010%20%282%29/Articol%20Cozmiuc.pdf|page=6|title=A New Way of Seeing Country Social Responsibility|journal=Faculty of Philosophy and Social-Political Sciences |access-date=16 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925143746/http://www.fssp.uaic.ro/argumentum/Numarul%2010%20%282%29/Articol%20Cozmiuc.pdf |archive-date = 25 September 2013}}</ref> | anthem = {{lang|ko|애국가}}<Br/>{{transl|ko|[[Aegukga]]}}<Br/>"The Patriotic Song"<div style="position: relative; top:0.2em;">{{center|[[File:National anthem of South Korea, performed by the United States Navy Band.wav]]}}</div> | image_map = Republic of Korea (orthographic projection).svg | map_width = 250px | alt_map = | map_caption = Dark green: Territory controlled by Republic of Korea <br/> Lighter green: Territory claimed but uncontrolled by Republic of Korea | capital = [[Seoul]]<br />{{Coord|37|33|N|126|58|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Korean language|Korean]] ([[South Korean standard language|Pyojuneo]])<br />[[Korean Sign Language]]<Ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%88%98%ED%99%94%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EB%B2%95/(13978,20160203) |script-title=ko:[시행 2016.8.4.] [법률 제13978호, 2016.2.3., 제정]|trans-title=Enforcement 2016.8.4. Law No. 13978, enacted on February 3, 2016|language=ko |year=2016 |access-date=26 July 2017}}</ref> | languages_type = [[Official script]] | languages = [[Hangul]] | ethnic_groups = {{plainlist| * 95.1% [[Koreans|Korean]] * 4.9% [[Demographics of South Korea#Ethnic groups|Others]] }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2019 | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2020/07/742_283632.html|title=Foreign population in Korea tops 2.5 million|date=24 February 2020|website=koreatimes}}</ref> | religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |56.1% [[Irreligion in South Korea|No religion]] |27.6% [[Christianity in Korea|Christianity]]{{efn|name=Christian|19.7% are [[Protestantism|Protestant]], 7.9% are [[Catholic Church in South Korea|Catholic]]}} |15.5% [[Korean Buddhism]] |0.8% Others }} | religion_year = 2015 | religion_ref = <ref name="Kim-Shon-Chosunilbo2016">{{cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Han-soo |last2=Shon |first2=Jin-seok |url=http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2016/12/20/2016122000155.html |script-title=ko:신자 수, 개신교 1위… "종교 없다" 56% |work=[[Chosun Ilbo]] |date=20 December 2016 |access-date=2 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="ABC-CLIO"/> | demonym = {{hlist|[[Demographics of South Korea|South Korean]]|[[Koreans|Korean]]}} | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of South Korea|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Choi Sang Mok]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of South Korea|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Kim Boo-kyum]] | leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the National Assembly of South Korea|Speaker of the National Assembly]] | leader_name3 = [[Park Byeong-seug]] | leader_title4 = [[Chief Justice of the Republic of Korea|Chief Justice]] | leader_name4 = [[Kim Myeong-soo]] | leader_title5 = [[Constitutional Court of Korea|President of the Constitutional Court]] | leader_name5 = [[Yoo Nam-seok]] | legislature = [[National Assembly (South Korea)|National Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Korea|Establishment history]] | established_event1 = [[Gojoseon|First Korean kingdom]] | established_date1 = {{circa}} 7th century BCE | established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[Korean Declaration of Independence|Independence declared]]}} | established_date2 = 1 March 1919 | established_event3 = [[Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea|Provisional Government]] | established_date3 = 11 April 1919 | established_event4 = [[Victory over Japan Day|Surrender]] of [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] | established_date4 = 15 August 1945 | established_event5 = [[United States Army Military Government in Korea|US administration]] of Korea south of the [[38th parallel north|38th parallel]] | established_date5 = 8 September 1945 | established_event6 = [[First Republic of South Korea|ROK established]] | established_date6 = 15 August 1948 | established_event7 = [[History of South Korea#Sixth Republic 1987-present|Current constitution]] | established_date7 = 25 February 1988 | established_event8 = [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 702|Admitted to]] the [[United Nations|UN]] | established_date8 = {{nowrap|17 September 1991}} | area_km2 = 100,363 | area_rank = 107th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = 38,750 | percent_water = 0.3 (301&nbsp;km{{smallsup|2}}{{\}}116&nbsp;mi{{smallsup|2}}) | population_estimate = {{increase neutral}} 51,709,098<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://kosis.kr/nsportalStats/nsportalStats_0102Body.jsp?menuId=10 |script-title=ko:Kosis 100대 지표}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2019 | population_estimate_rank = 27th | population_density_km2 = 507 | population_density_rank = 13th | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $2.436 trillion<ref name="IMFWEOKR">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2020/October/weo-report?c=542,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2019&ey=2020&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=14 October 2020}}</Ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2021 | GDP_PPP_rank = 14th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $47,027<ref name="IMFWEOKR" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 28th | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $1.806 trillion<ref name="IMFWEOKR" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2021 | GDP_nominal_rank = 10th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $30,998<ref name="IMFWEOKR" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 28th | Gini = 34.5 | Gini_year = 2018 | Gini_change = decrease | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm|title=Inequality – Income inequality – OECD Data|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]|access-date=17 July 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.916<!-- Number only, between 0 and 1. --> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. --> | HDI_change = increase<!-- Increase/decrease/steady. --> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2020|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=15 December 2020|access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 23rd | currency = [[South Korean won|Korean Republic won]] (₩) | currency_code = KRW | time_zone = [[Korea Standard Time]] | utc_offset = +9 | date_format = {{unbulleted list|yyyy년 m월 d일|yyyy. m. d. ([[Common Era|CE]])}} | electricity = [[Mains electricity by country|220 V–60 Hz]] | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in South Korea|+82]] | cctld = {{hlist|[[.kr]]|[[.한국]]}} }} {{Infobox | title = Republic of Korea | image = South Korea with Hanja.svg | image_size = 300px | caption = "Republic of Korea" in [[Hangul]] (top) and [[Hanja]] (bottom) scripts. | skhangul = {{linktext|대한민국}} | skhanja = {{lang|ko|{{linktext|大韓民國}}}} | skmr = Taehan Min’guk | rr = Daehan Min(-)guk | color = khaki | context = north }} {{Infobox | title = South Korea | skhangul = {{linktext|남|한}} | skhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|南韓}} | skrr = Namhan | skmr = Namhan | nkhangul = {{linktext|남|조|선}} | nkhanja = {{linktext|lang=ko-Hant|南朝鮮}} | nkrr = Namjoseon | nkmr = Namchosŏn | ibox-order = ko4, ko3 }} '''Koonfur Kuuriya''' (남한, 南韓) ama '''Jamhuuriyadda Kuuriya''' (대한민국, 大韓民國) waa wadan yar oo ku yaalo [[bari]]ga Aasiya. magaalo madaxda wadanka waa Seoul. Koonfur Kuuriya iyo [[Waqooyiga Kuuriya]] markii hore waxaa la isku dhihi jiray Kuuriya, waxeena kala go'een sanadka marka oo ahaa 1950kii, marka ee dagaalo xun dhaxmareen labada qeebood. Korea oo dhan waxaa soo gumeestay wadanka japaan 1910kii ilaa 1945kii. Dalka kuuriya koon fured waa dal kuyaalo qaarada aasiya.: ==Sawiro== [[File:Samsung headquarters.jpg|thump|right|160px|Samsung “The Korean Town” City.:]] [[File:Myeongdong_Neon_at_Night,_Seoul.jpg|thumb|right|160px|Myeongdong Neon at Night, Seoul.]] [[File:Samsung Black icon.svg|thump|right|193px|Shmsng Group.|Dn’tRmvpl.:]] [[File:LG logo (2014).svg|thump|left|195px|LG Corps..|Dn’tRemvepl.:}}]] ==Xubin== * [[IMF]]*` * [[ADB]]*` * [[AIIB]]*` * [[OECD]]*` *''[[Bankiga Aduunka]]'' **` *''[[Kooxda Labaatanka]]'' **` *'''[[Qaramada Midoobay]]''' **` ==Waddanamaha Degaan Koonfur korea== * {{Flag|China}}: P.R.Ch.;2,951,000.00++: * {{Flag|Turkey}}; 114,000++: * {{Flag|Malaysia}}; 114,000++: * {{Flag|Indonesia}} 215,000++: * {{Flag|Japan}} 165,000+ == Xogta == {{Reflist}} {{commons|대한민국}} nda343pgc54po6nx75s12fveg1kketi 0 5916 302011 283789 2026-07-12T19:44:29Z FITAAH HERSI 33042 302011 wikitext text/x-wiki Beesha '''Murusade''' Mursal Waadeere Karanle Hawiye ({{lang-en|''Murusade''}} wuxu ka mid yahay beelaha soomaaliyeed aad loogu yaqaano sharaf , hanti iyo geesinimo, murusadahu wexey yihiin Karanle oo ah curadka ''Sheekh Axmad Wali oo naaneystiisa eey tahay Hawiye'' wexeyna degaan dalka [[Soomaaliya]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]] {{Infobox tribe | name = بنو مرسل | local name = Murusade | image = Old Mogadishu.webp | ethnicity = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | nisba = Adari | location = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Somalia]]<br>{{flagicon|Ethiopia}}[[Ethiopia]]<br>{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemen]] | parent_tribe = [[Karanle]] | descended = [[Axmed Bin Cabdulrahman Bin Uthman|Sheekh Axmed Bin Cabdulrahman Bin Uthman]] | branches = <br>'''[[Sabti]]:'''<br /> *[[Abuu Bakar Sabti]] *[[Cabdalla Sabti|Cabdalla Sabti]] *Idinle Sabti *Ibrahim Sabti <br>'''Foorculus:'''<br /> *Maxamed Foorculus *Axmed Foorculus *Ebakar Foolculus | language = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]<br>{{flagicon|Arab League}}[[Carabi]], gaar ahaan [[Soomaaliya|Soomaali Carab]] | religion = [[Sunni]] [[Islam]] | type = [[Hawiye| Qabiilka Hawiye ee Soomaaliyeed]] | descended_label = Ka soo farcamey }} Beelaha Murusade Dalka [[:en:Somalia|Soomaaliya]] waxay ka degaan dhowr gobol lago soo bilaabo bartahama dalka sida [[:en:Galguduud|Galguduud]], [[:en:Mudug|Mudug]] iyo [[:en:Lower_Shebelle|Shabeelleda Hoose]], [[Shabeellaha Dhexe|Shabeellada Dhexe]], [[:en:Bay,_Somalia|Baay]] iyo [[:en:Banaadir|Banaadir]].!! Beelwaynta Murusade waxay dowlada federaalka ku leeyihiin 8 Xildhibaan iyo 15 Xildhibaan o Dowlad goboleedyada ah Galmudug 12 xildhibaan , Hirshabeele 1 xildhibaan & Koofur Galbeed 2 Xildhibaan.!! Beesha wexe caan ku yihiin gobolka [[:en:Galguduud|Galguduud]] gaar ahan magaalda qadiimiga ah ee [[:en:El_Buur|Ceelbuur]] iyo degmooyin kale sida Degmada [[Galhareeri]], Caggacade, Daafed, Dac , Ceel-Caafi , Towfiiq Cadare, Alwakiil, Warxoolo, Qorax yaale, Saara saareey, Afdhaay, Cadayo, Daafeed, Jirid gub, Garweyn, Gumad gaal , Ceelgorof, Ceelgod, Waragibile, Tarambi, Riis , Dabqurun , Dab ugaas, iyo Deegaano kale). Gobalka [[:en:Galguduud|Galguduud]] gaar ahaan [[:en:El_Buur|Ceelbuur]] iyo wuxuu caan ku yahay waxsoo saarka agabyada muhiimka ah ee guryaha lagu isticmaalo gaar ahaan [[:en:Burjiko|burjikooyin]] wax lagu karsado iyo waxay bil walba soo saaraan kumanaan [[:en:Burjiko|burjikooyin]] iyo [[:en:Dabqaad|dab-qaadya]] ah, farsamadeeda waxaa ku baxa juhdi iyo dadaal dheeri ah. Gobalka Galgaduud Beesha murusade waxee ka dagtaa bariga Gobolka waxeena dagaan laga soo bilaabo Dhisaq tiir oo ah xadka Gobolka Hiiraan iyo galgaduud ilaaa Riis oo ah xadka kala qeebiyo Gobolka mudug iyo Galgaduud inta u dhaxeeso.!! Beesha waxey aadna u degta gobolka [[:en:Lower_Shebelle|Shabelleda hoose]] sida Afarta Buulo Murusade ( Maagle , Gumareey , Kaxaroow & [[Dameeraale]] ) /Afarta Dayood (oo sii kala ah Dayniile, Daymaroodi, Daameerale iyo [[Doondheere]] , [[:en:Afgooye|Afgooye]] (gaar ahan Tixsiile), [[:en:Merca|Marko]], [[:en:Barawa|Baarawe]], [[:en:Janale|Jaanaale]], [[:en:Buulo_mareer|Buulo mareer]], [[Qoryooley]], [[Kurtunwaarey]], Shalanbood, Ceel-ure, Beladul Amiin, Ganddawi, Maryangubaay, Farxaane iyo degmooyin kale. Beelwaynta Murusade gobolka: [[:en:Banaadir|Banaadir]] waxay ka dagaan 8 Degmo o kala ah ( Degmada Wardhiigleey , Degmada Howlwadaag , Degmada Hodan , Degmada Wadajir , Degmada Yaaqshiid , Degmada Dayniile , Degmada Waaberi & Degmada Dharkeenley . Beeshu waxay taaarikh dheer ku leeyihiin degmada [[:en:Daynile_District|Dayniile]] waana degmo facweyn ahna degmada ugu weyn gobolka banaadir. , waxa hoos tegi jiray intii aan xornimada la qaadan sida degmooyinka kala ah [[:en:Warta_Nabada_District|Wardhiigley (Warta Nabada)]] iyo [[:en:Hawle_Wadag_District|Hawl wadaag]].!! ==Taariikhda Beesha Murusade ee Goboblka Banaadir== Dhulka loo yaqaan Gobalka Banaadir oo hada ah caasimada wadanka somaliya waxaa u soo hor dagay beelaha somaliyed Beesha murusade oo in mudo ah kaligeed daganeed Waqtigi danbo ayaa waxaa u soo dagay dad ka soo qaxay wadamada, kala ah oo [[Bariga Dhexe]] loo aqoon jiray, SHAAM oo lees ku dhaho [[Siiriya]], [[Falastiin]], iyo [[Lubnaan]].; [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] oo XIJAAS, loo aqoon jiray, iyo [[Yamen]]: kadib marki dagaal oo dhex maray Boqortooyadii umu wayiinta iyo Cabaasi yiinta , ayaga oo ka cabsi qabay in cabaasi yiinta ee dilaan maadaama ee ka soo jeedeen Qabiilka Reer bani umaya oo waq tigaas aheed boqortoyadi dhul kaas ka tali neesay.!! Dadki ka soo jeeday boqortoyada uma wayiinta ayaa kala fir xaday ka dib marki ee ku jabeen dagaalki ee la galeen cabaasi yiinta qeeb taan ka soo aaday somaliya ayaa ku soo galay doomo Ka sameesan Alwaaxyo iyo Qoryo, waxeena soo dageen Gobalka banaadir oo beesha murusade ee ku soo dhaweese maa daama umada muslim ka ah ee tahay walaalo " In mudo ah marki ee wada daganaa yeen oo eey is dhex galeen Beesha Gibil cadka iyo Murusade oo ilaa hada dhaqan , dhalasho, iyo deegaan oo ka dhaxeeyo ayaa waxaa u yimid Qoys u dhashay Jufada mataan Cabdulle (Abgaal) oo gaaraye sideed jees (8) oo u yimid in eey ka qeyb galaan siyaaradi caalim ki weey naay ee Beesha murusade u dhashay oo lagu magacbi jiray isxijiwaaq maadaama qabiilada somaliyed siyaarada ee isku aadaan.!! Qoys kaan oo ka koob naay ilaa sideed jees (8) ayee Beesha murusade dajisay qeeb ka mid ah gobalka banaadir.? Gaar ahaan halka hada loo yaqaan kaaraan ee dhacda waqooyiga Banaadir oo waq tigaas gobalka banaadir dadka daganay ee u aqaan jireen beey bus badan.!! ' ==Lafaha Murusade Waa 7 Lafood (4 <Afar>Oday Sabdi iyo 3< Saddex> Oday Foorculus) == Beesha murusada waxeey u kala baxdaa 7 lafood * {{·}} 1.1 Hilibi Maxamed * {{·}} 1.2 [[Cabdalle Sabdi]] * {{•}} 1.3 Abakar Majabe * {{•}} 1.4 Habar idinle Majabe * {{•}} 1.5 Habar Ceyno * {{•}} 1.6 Daguuro maxamed * {{•}} 1.7 Ibraahim Sabti == 4-SABDI == AFARTA ODAY SABDI MURUSADE SABDI Waxay u kala baxaaan sida tan CABDALE SABDI, IBRAAHIM SABDI IYO MAJABE SABDI:( ABAKAR, IYO HABAR IDINLE) Cabdale Sabdi waa curadka Sabdi oo dhan. '''CABDALLE SABDI''' = wuxu ukala baxa XASAN CABDALLE , XUSEEN CABDALLE & BIIMAAL CABDALLE '''XASAN CABDALLE''' WUXU UKALA BAXA : ABSUGE XASAN IYO ILKO GUDUUD XASAN '''iIKA GUDUUD XASAN''' LAFAHA U KALA BAXAAN : 1.MUUSE GUREY 2. BAANE . CARAALE 4. XAREED 5.GADIID '''1.MUUSE GUREY''' '''ILKAGADUUD''' WUXU USI BAXA: 1.CUMAR JIMCAALE 2.CARAAY JIMCAALE 3.EEBAKAR JIMCAALE.4.GACAL JIMCAALE. 1.1 CUMAR JIMCAALE WUXU USI KALA BAXA = AFRAX & GAASHAAN. 2.1 CARAAY JIMCAALE WUXU USI KALA BAXA = CABDI CARAAY & XASAN CARAAY. 3.1 EEBAKAR JIMCAALE WUXU USI KALA BAXA = 4.1 GACAL JIMCAALE WUXU USI KALA BAXA= AADAN GACAL & DUQOW GACAL. 2.'''BAANE''' '''ILKAGADUUD''' : WUXU USI KALA BAXAA : 1.XAADOW MAXAMED 2.IIDLE MAXAMED 3.ROOBLE MAXAMED 4.AXMED MAXAMED 5.MAXAMUUD MAXAMED. '''3.CARAALE ILKAGADUUD''' : WAXAY USI KALA BAXAAN= A. Guuleed ibraahim ( Guuleed Cad ) & Gadiid ibraahim Guuleed ibraahim wuxu usi kala baxaa ( REER CIGALE, REER DEEXEY ,REER CASIR, REER SIYAAD) Gadiid ibraahim wuxu usi kala baxa ( MAXAMED '''4.XAREED''' '''ILKAGADUUD''' : WAXAY USI KALA BAXAAN 1.KULMIYE XAREED 2.KALAF XAREED '''ABSUGE XASAN''' IYO LAFAHA U KALA BAXAAN '''1MAXAMED YAR''' "WAA CURADKA CABDDALE" WUXU USI KALA BAXAA =, AADAN GAAB, BARROW/EEBAKAR, XASAN CAD 2.2 '''MAXAMUUD FAQAY''' waxa uu u kala baxaa 1. Muuse farey 2. Bah Canbarey (Xageley) muuse farey waxa uu ukala baxaa 1. axmed muuse 2. Cismaan muuse cismaan muuse waxaa uu u kala baxaa 1. Ciise Cusmaan (Reer Ciise) 2. Rooble Cusmaan (Reer rooble) Reer Ciise waxaa ay u kala baxaan 1- Xasan Ciise 2- geedi ciise 3- lugey ciise xasan waxa uu ukala baxaa 1. Duqoow Xasan 2- siyaad xasan Lugeey Ciise waxa uu ukala baxa 1- Weheliye lugey 2- dhiblaawe lugey. * '''MAJABE SABTI''' 1. Iddinle Majabe 2. Abakar Majabe '''HABAR IDINLE''' 1.Gumcadlle B)Gaafow Geesaale Abtiraxman wildhig *Geesaale Tolwayne Yebedhaal Geeldil *Abtiraxman wildhig Sheeko Dhegadeel T)Uuray (Caddaan) Tolwayne caddaan Weheliye maxamed (Xamarow) Caddow axmed Cumar axmed Weheliye cagaqoy '''2.AYAANSAME''' ** Xuseen Ayaansame Oda gaab *Xasab Gadaf *: I).Aadan Suldaan # Cabdulahi Aadan Suldaan(Yawar Aadan) # .cadoow aadan # raaga aadan # .muusa aadan # Maxaa Qasaay(Aadan Suldaan walaal kiis ka weyn) ** Xasan Ayaansame ** Geedi Cali SUUJE Faarax SUUJE Rooble ** Dumaal ** Dhimbil ** Guraay ** Maxamed Cali ** Axmed Ibrahim ** Wehliye Cadoow ** iyad Wehliye *** Cisman Wehliye ** Yusuf Wehliye ** Cali Wehliye ** Afrax Gaduud '''ABAKAR MAJABE SABTI''' ** '''Saciid Abakar''' Siciid Abakar wuxuu ukala baxaa 4 lafood ama AFAR beelod. 1.Madoobe Rooble ( Curuadka Siciid Abakar 2. C/raxmaan. 3. Tuurweyne. 4. Adan Culus. ** '''Israafiil Abakar''', wuxuu ukala baxaa *** Dhaleey: (1 adam cigaal ,2 maxamuud waheliye ,3 culus ,4 cali geedi cabdule dhaaleey *** gabood :( curadka israfiil gabood)=1 ebeker waasuge,2 mataan wasuge ,3 maxamud wasuge ,4 xassan gureey, ** xasanleey: 1 mahamed maxamuud,2 cariif maxamud,3 siicoow maxamuud ,4 cumar maxamuud ** '''Codweyne Abakar''' * Maxamuud Codweyne Xashane * dhegaweyne * Amaanle ** Ibraahim *Gondaale *Fadhiweyne *Dirir **Xuseen Codweyne ** Naajac ** Muusetuur ** Maxaad Xasan **Maxamud codweyne Xashane oo ah : 1.Dhegaweyne 2.dhiblaawe gaab Caddoow 3. Aadam Cigalle **Dhegaweyne( Mohamed cigalle) 1 cisman dhegaweyne 2 Jibriil Dhegaweyne 3 jimcaale dhiblaawe 4 maxamuud Dhegaweyne 5 Axmad cade dhegweyne 6 Cali dhegaweyne 7 Cumar Dhegaweyne 8 Saldhaale Dhegaweyne(Curadka dhegaweyne) 9 Amaanle Dhegaweyne == 3-FOORCULUS == 3.3 SADDEXDA ODAY FOOR CULUS ________________________________ 1. Maxamed Foorculus ( Hilibi) 2. Eebakar Foorculus ( Habar ceyno ) 3. Axmed Foorculus ( Daguuro) Ilma Eybakar Foorculus * '''Habar Ceeno''' ** Waaq *** Mahadle Waaq **** Macaan *** Maxamad Waaq **** Sharey *** Yebedhaalo *** Ogoliye Waaq **** Cindif **** Yirid *** Tashiil Waaq **** Celi Iyo Cirbo yar ***** Celi ****** Tolweyne Celi ******* Caalim Gabow(reer Ugaas) ******* Cumar Gabow (Fiqi xassan) ****** Yabar Celi ****** Cumar Celi (Uurgaale) ******* Sharey Uurgaale ******* Adan Uurgaale ******* Cali Uurgaale ****** Cali Roob Suge ******* Gedefleey ******* Qalaafe(axmed, idiris, aflax) ***** Cirba yar ***** Cabdulle cirba yar ****** Jimcaale Cariif ****** Riseey ****** Reer Maxamed cali ( Reer Adeer) ****** Idiris cirba yar ****** Gaadooy IDris ******* kukdheer IDris ****** Huud cirba yar ****** Saleebaan cirbo yar ***** Habar Yaabiye ****** Jibraa'iil ****** Qardabo .. *** '''Daguuro''' * Geedoow maqaafad muuse * Dacaley maqaafaad muuse * Afeey maqaafaad muuse * Hassan gaab waanow muuse * Ciise wanoow muuse * Faqay wanoow muuse * Duje * Carablaawe * Cismaan baqle * Abdi dhegeey ** '''Hilibi maxamed''' *1 Maxamed Wehliye ( Curadka Hilibi ) *2 Xasan Eebakar *3 Xuurshow Eebakar * Faqa Cumar * Faqa Xalane * Jimcaale * Culusow * cabdi Faqay * Cabdulle Xurshow *4 Gaab Eebakar *5 Cali Cumar *6 Mataan cali geedi *7 Sabareey *8 Cali dheer maxamed *9 cigala sheex *10 Reer Faarax * Cabdulle Faarax * Cooseey Faarax *Caraay Faarax *11 Aadan madow *12 cumar isxijiwaaq * 13 Celi Gaab * Ismaan Maxamed * Ahaloow Gaatame maxamed == HORMUUDKA BEELWAYNTA MURUSADE== QAAR KAMID AH DADKA CAANKA AH E BEELWAYNTA MURUSADE : ● HALGAME MAXAMED YAROOW CULUSOOW DHAGAX TUUR ● Xasan Cali Khayre Raisulwasaarihi Soomaaliya Feb 2017- July 2020 *1. Nabadoon Xaaji cabdullahi Axmed Ciire Cashara Nabadoonka Hilibi Maxamed *2. Nabadoon maxamed nuur Barre (Xanfaley) *3. Xiireey Qaasim Weheliye Ganacsade laha warshadi Bayl ahaana Siyaasi xilal kala duwan O Gudoomiyaha Gobolka Jubada Hoose & Gudoomiyaha Gobolka Banaadir ay kujiraan kaso qabtay Dowladi rayidka 1960-1969 , Wasiirna kaso noqday dowladi aqoonsiga caalamiga ah wayday e Salbalaar 1996. ( Cabdalle Sabdi ) *4. Ganacsade- Abdi Abdulle (Ugaska) * 5. Abdulqadir Jimale Mohamud Gudoomiyha Iskuxirka Dhalinyarada Beesha Murusade (said abakar) * 6. Abdirizak elmi mohamud(garabey) gabod * 7. Abdirahman ali mire * 8. Liban Abdinasir Dalmar gudoomiyaha Dhalinyarada Beesha Ee jowhar * 9. Mohamed mohamud abdi(dhicisow) * 10. Nacima mohamed gacal (daguuro) * 11. Aqoon Yahan Saalax Sh ibraahim dhiblaawe * 12. Maxamed Qanyare Afrax AUN ( Mid kamid aha Siyaasiyiinti ugu weyna Soomaaliya dhowr jeer wasiir so noqday ahana musharax madaxwayne 2004 kaalinta 3aad ka galay doorashada ahana rugcadaa gayiga soomaaliyeed laga yaqaanay ) * 13. Prof Hassan muudey Haji ( Ganacsade & Aqoonyahan , Daguuro , ) * 14. Abdirahim Hassan muudey ( Ganacsade & Aqoonyahan , North America ) * 15. abdullahi adam ali ( wasiirka badda iyo barriga ee somalia ) * 16. maryan cariif qaasim Xildhibaan DFS ( Cabdalle Sabdi ) * 17. Ganacsade abdifitah hassan abdullahi (indhacade) * 18. Col Axmed Salaad (Baasto) * * 19. Ibrahim shaawey * 20. Dr. Maxamed Macalin Xasan Wasiir hore dowladi Shiiq Shariif ( Cabdalle Sabdi ) * 21. Cabdulqadir nuur caraale * 22; Col Tootoole * 23. Ing.c/kariim sheekh cali cibaar (bur la,eg) Cabdalle Sabdi * 24. Xuseen maxamuud siyaad (caato) * 25. Abukar A Maxamuud Siyaad Amey (Head of AFN Sweden) * 26. Nabadon yabarow farax * 27. Nabadon xusen abooti fiidow * 28. Ganacasade maxamed xasan guled * 29. Ali maxamed cosoble(wardhigley) aasaasihii ururkii ( U S C ) * 30. Cabdiraxmaan ibraahim * 31. Cabdulahi xusen maalin Asbaro (madaxweynaha ceelbuur state) * 32. En Cabdi Xidigoow Faarax ( waa Telcomunication engineer) boostadi iyo isgaarsiinta * 33. Nabadoon Cilmi Xidigoow Faarax * 34. Col Cabdulahi black * 35. Col Baashi cumar cabdule * 36. Col Salaad xasan maxamuud ( jaani) * 37. Col ismail yasin * 38..Mokhtar Ahmed-nor Sheikh Ibrahim (Ganacsade + Qoraa) * 39. Gen maxamed gaabow jimcale * 40. Col gacal xasan gacal siyaad * 41. Col axmed bur la,eg * 42. Col maxamud farax carone * 43. Maxamud axmed (carone) * 44. Col abuukar gercade (gaagale) * 45. Gen cabdullahi gaafow Maxamud * 46. Gen cusmaan xaji cumar (falko) * 47. Siciid Sheikh Ibrahim Dhiblawe (Ganacsade) * 48. Col ciise taranbi ugaas * 49. Col cilmi Nuur tareys * 50. Col cabdi roble geedi * 51. Col xaashi cabdi kulmiye * 52. Col xuseen faarax caliyow * 53. Col maxamed faarax caliyow * 54. Dr Ismaciil Xasan Cadde (Alif)(medicine) * 55. Col nuur gacal fidow * 56. Gen cabdulaahi xasan bariise ( Habarceyno ) * 57. Col. Cali Maxamed Garuun * 58. Col. Xuseen Cumar Yalaxow * 59. Cabt. Maxamed Xaaji Maxamuud (Xayir) * 60. Gen. Axmed Maxamed Dhiblaawe ( Cabdalle Sabdi ) * 61. Xaashi Maxamed Cadow ( dhabareey) * 62. Cali mire maxamud (baliile) * 63. Abdi salaan nuur mahadale (wiin) * 64. Caasho Cismaan Fara cadde( shacuur) (ugaas) * 65. Dr ceydiid muse (u * 67. Nabadoon cali Hareri hadafoow * 68. Nabadoon xasan nur xasan dayniile * 69. Macalinka kubadda cagta - Maxamed Xaji Giftin * 70. Dr.cilmi dhuxulow gacal dictor dhinaca shareecada islaamka caalim ku ta khasusay cilmika xadiiska * 71. Dr.abduqadir hussein dhuxulow dictoor ku ta khasusay luqada carabika * 72. Eng.abdulaahi hussein dhuxulow engineer ku ta khasusay engineernimada isgaarsiinta * 73. Abdiaziz hussein mahamed ali aqoonyahan ku ta khasusay cilmika dhaqalaha iyo maaraynta bunuukta * 74. Gen. mohammad sheikh osman * 75. G/dhexe Osman abdi [ jareere] * 76. Col. Duqoow * 77. Maxamed xasan xaad nabadoon xaad habar ceyno * 78. Gaashaale sare Xassan Abuukar Maxamed * 79. Dr Xassan Cabdulle Cismaan ( sky) * 80. Dr Cabdicasis Ibrahim Xuubey * 81. Nabadoon Mohamud Mohamed Afrax Oowfuu * 82. Suldaan Socdaal Jiisoow Cosoble * 83. ENG Abdiaziiz Mohamud Ahmed Ciire * 84. Xaaji xasan gerdheer * 85. MB. Abdi raxmaan diinaari * 86. Abdi maxamed dhicisow * 87. Dr Imaaciil Macallin (takhasus cudurada baadinka-internal medicine) * 88. Dr Xersi Cabdi Macallin (Medicine) * 89. Dr Bshiir Xaayow (Medicine) * 90. Gen. Maxammed Cabdulle Cusmaan ( joon iskoris) * 91. Cabdiraxman Caynte ( Wasiirki Qorsheynta iyo iskaashiga Caalamiga ah 2015-2017 Horayna u aha Wariye Aljazeera , VOA & BBC uso shaqeeyay ahaana Aasaasihi Machadka Heritage ). * 92. Xasan Axmed Maalin (kuxigeenaka koowaad ee maamulaha database-ka ee jaamacadda middlesex ee ku taal UK) * 93. Injineer Cabdirashiid Yaxye (Kuxigeenka koowaad ee maamulka injineernimo ee magaalad Baltimore ee carigaasi maraykanka). * 94. Dr (professor) Xassan Mahadalle oo wax ka dhiga jaamacad ku taala carigaasi maraykanka. * 95. Col Cabdulle Macallin Maxamed Geedi ahna nabadoon caan ka ahaa dalka Somaliya * 96. Dr Cabdibaaqi Macallin Maxamed mid kamida aas aasayaashi jaamacada muqdisho kajira * 97. Cabdiqaadir Yaxye Cali aas aasihi hayada CRD, halyeey caan ku ahaa raadinta nabada. * 98. Nabadon . maxmed guure xareed * 99. Col Xuseen Cumar Yalaxow ( Cabdalle Sabdi ) * 100. Maxamed Axmed Yalaxow nabadoon caan ah oo ka mid ah nabadoonada beesha Cabdalle Sabdi ee murusade * 101. Eng.xuseen maxamuud fiidow(baraf)oo ahaa ganacsade caan ah. * 102. Dr c/raxmaan ismaaciil maxamuud (Dr dayax) * 103. Dr shekh cali sicow duqow aqoonyahan noqday isuduwe waxbarasho gobalka bay * 104. Dr maxamed cabdi siicow duqow * 105. Ganacsade- cisman axmed jimcale * 106. Ganacsade- Fariida sh. cali duqow * 107. Aqoonyahan- Faysal sh. cumar gacal duqow * 108. Aqoonyahan-Ganacsade Cabdifitah Cali Gacal Maxamed Fiidshe * 109. Aqoonyahan Cabdi waaxid xirsi dhuxlow * 110. G/Sare Shiikh Ciise maxamuud Jimcaale * 111. General Cabdixakiin Axmed Fareey * 112. Gashaanle Ciise Xasan Caraale Jiijiile * 113. G/Sare Maxamed Maxamuud Guutaale Qataatow * 114. G/Sare Maxamed Abuukar Cali jacfar * 114. Gashanle Axmed Maxamuud Jimcaale xurshow * 115. Col Xasan Jimcaale Jowle * 116.Maxamed shiikh cismaan ( ganacsade & siyaasi)alla yaa raxma * 117. Abdihakim ciise afro ( Ganacsade) * 118. Abdikarim sheikh ibrahim dhiblawe (ganacsade) * 119. Ahmed-nor sheikh ibrahim dhiblawe (ganacsade) * 120. Mire cismaan warsame mire indhayare (Ganacsade) * 121. Ibrahin cumar mahadale dhuxuloow * 122. Axmed Haji Hassan. Kaaliyihii 2aad Madxweyne M.Siyad Bare * 123. Col CUMAR FAARAX CADAAWE * 124. Dr CARIIF QAASIM WEHLIYE ( Diktoor caan aha xiligi bariisamaadka ) * 125. Maxamed cosoble cade * 126. Col Cilmi Nuur Tareey * 127. Gen. maxamed sh cusmaan miikaail * 128. Nabadoon Mohamud Mohamed Afrax Oowfuu * 129. Nabadoon Cabdi Macallin Maxamuud Jiisow * 130. Dr Maxamed Macalin Xasan wasiirki kaluumeesiga iyo qayraadka. * 131. COL. MOHAMED FAARAX CALIYOW (Guddoomiyaha Canada Somali Community) * 132. Dr Ismaciil Xasan Cadde * 133. Mr Axmad Cumar Warsame (Abusaalim) * 134. Xaaji Cusmaan Abuukar Cade (Nabadoonka Iskaashato) Waaq Mahadle Macaaan. * 135. Col. Axmed Maxammed Nuur (qasaaye) * 136. Daahir Maxammud Farey * 137. C/laahi Macalin Mukhtaar (Akooke) Gancsade * 138. Isse abdikarin mohamed (cise cade)urgale * 139. Najib ahmed ilmi (kadhuc) gabod * 140. Ing Bashir nuur Maxamed ( dhabato) * 141. Cabdullahi Cabdi Nuur Macalin dhabareey(siyaasi dhalinyaro ah) * 142. Mahad mohamud afrah (mahad cano) gondale * 143. Nabadoon Mire Guuleed Faarax Qabawayn * 144. Col osman xassan cawaa * 146. Eng Abdirizack Hassan Adan ( Caqil Yare ) * 147. Aqoonyahan Burhan Mohamed Osman * 148. Mohamed hasan tacshir(tcashir) gabod * 149. Dr Mohamed Nur Gacal Gudoomiyaha Baarlamaanka Galmudug 2020- ila hada ahna wasiir dowlihi hore arimaha dibedda DFS ( Cabdalle Sabdi ) * 150. Fahad Ahmad Alasow Dr Gynaecologitsraxma.. * 151. Cabdi cali faarax (waa ganacde caan ka ah dalka iyo dibada) * 152. Alisaid Abdirahman ( jega cadde) * 153. Ahmed Faarah Gaatamoow (Wariye Can ah, Hadana ah Agaasimaha Wakaalada Wararka Soomaaliya ee SONA 2015 * 154. Alinasir Hassan Yusuf. * 156. Dr. Abdullahi Hassan Mohammed (Petroleum engineering) * 157. Eng.Mohamed Yusuf (Carab) * 158. Col. Farah Abdule (Garam Garam) * 159. DR.Mohamud Mohamed Gacal * 160. Mudane.Cali Gacal Casir (Gudoomiyahi Baarlamaanka Galmudug e 2015-2020 ) *161. Kaltuun axmed maxamud camey (jaaliyada Belgium ) *162. Eng ahmed ali hassan garweyne (ganacsade dalka masar) *163. Xuseen maxamed Yusuf (xasan hilowle) *164. Dr Burhan ali hassan garweyne (ganacsade dalka thailand *165. Aqoonyahaan Cabdi Loyan Ugaas Faracadde *166. Aqoonyahaan Fardosa Loyan *167. Aqoonyahaan Faisa Loyaan *168. Jibril Ali Ibrahim (Gudoomiyaha Somalida dagan Edmonton) Professional Engineer. Ali hareeri wiilkisa *169. Nabad doon Farax Qanyare Maxamuud ( habarceeno/ cirbayar ). *170. Drs. Samiyo Ismail Mohamed * 171. Xildhibaan mahad shiikh cali cibaar (galmudug siyaasiga sanadka ) * 172. Maxamad abukar macalim xasan (aqoonyahan dhalinyaro ah) * 173. Xildhibaan cartan cabdi ibraahim (siyaasi rugcadaa ah K/galbeed ) * 174. Nabadoon cali shiino (gudoomiyaha beelaha hawiye ee Uk sabti abakar israafiil ) * 175. Cabdimuncim xassan cade (Ganacsade) * 176. Cali nuur deereey *cali deereey*(nabadoonka murursade ee shabellada hoose) * 177. Abdi rahman maxamuud faarax janaqow * 178. Mustaf sh cali duxulow* * 179. Dr ciise wehliye maalin (Codweyne Abakar) * 180. Cali xuseen abuukarar (sarkaal nabad sugid) * 181. Maxamad Ciise Nuur ( Gudoomiyaha 3&9 ee Ohio) * 182 Eng. Abdulkadir Moallim Abdi Gure (Shaakir) aqoonyahan Degan UK * 183.dr ifrah ali abdirahman (medicine) * 184. Macalin axmed geeseey cabdulle (abakar-israafiil) * 185. Nabadoon cabdi jeyte geesey (abakar-israafiil) * 186. Gen. Filibiin Axmed Absuge * 187. G. Dhaxe Cabidirsaaq maxamed qeylow *188. Dhame Axmed cabdi Maxamed *Afare) * 189. Gen. Cabdullahi cabdi weheliye * 190. Dhame Xasan Cali Xasan * 191.Dhame Xersi Abdi iman (Taliyihi ugu horeeye ee beshan ka dhashe ee ka taliyey G/hareeri) * 192. Cornel. Maxamud mirre Dacay * 193. Axmed Nuur cabdi siyaad * 194. Nabadoon Cabdi Gaaboow Jimcaale *195. Nabadoon Iimaan cumar mahadale *196. Nabadon Xujaale cabdulle Jiisoow *197. Nabadoon Axmed Cadoow maxamed *198. Nabadoon Ciise cabdi Xasan *199. Nabadoon Salaad cumar Geedi *200.Nabadoon Macalin maxamud sh Yuusuf *201. Naabdoon Cali Xasan maxamed *202. Ganacsade Cabdi ciid Siyaad *203. Nabadoon Cosoble wheliye Warsame *204. Nabadoon Xaaji Maxamuud Faarax ( Xaaji Waasac ) *205. Khadar Cadnaan Xaaji Cali AUN wuxu noqday xiligi talyaaniga Kumasaari sido kale Governor bu kaso noqday gobolo kala duwan xiligi dowladi rayidka xilalka uso qabtay 1960-69 waxa kamid ah Gudoomiyihi Gobolka Jubada Sare & Gudoomiyihi Gobolka Banaadir dowladi rayidka ( Cabdallle Sabdi ,Baane, ilkagaduud, iidle Maxamed ) *206 .Cabdulqaadir Yaxye Cali Aqoonyahan u ololeeya Nabada Ahaana Aasaasihi Machadka CRD ( Cabdalle Sabdi ilkagaduud Guulee Cad ) *207. Xasan Maxamed Afrax Agaasimaha Maamulka Badda *208. Cadar Maxamed Cali ( Cadar Shalaqbeen ) *209. Cabdulqaadir Maxamed Maxamuud Caanabooro Gudoomiye kuxigeenka 1aad e Maamulka & Maaliyada Gobolka Banaadir ( Cabdalle Sabdi ,Absuge , Maxamed Yar ) *210. Cali Maxamed Qaasim " Cali Masayr " AUN Wasiirki Dekedaha & Gaadiidka Badda 1989 Horayna uso noqday Maareeyihi Guud e Dekeda Muqdisho 1985 ( Cabdalle Sabdi , Baane ilkagaduud , Rooble Maxamed ) *211. Muuse Maxamed Afrax wuxu so noqday lataliye & agaasime sare xafiiski Raisulwasaare Cali Khaliif Galeyr (Cabdalle Sabdi , Absuge , Maxamuud Faqay , Reer Ciise ) *212. Mahad Shiikh Cali Cibaar Xildhibaaan katirsan Baarlamaanka DG Galmudug ahna wasiir kuxigeenka dhalinyarada & Sportska Galmudug ( Cabdalle Sabdi , ilkagaduud , Guulee Cad ) *213. Cabduqaadir Cali Booy Agaasimihi Maamulka Lacagta Madaxtooyada Soomaaliya dowladi Shiikh Shariif ( Cabdalle Sabdi , Baane ilkagaduud , Xaadow Maxamed ) *214. Shiikh Cali Cibaar AUN Shiikh caan ka aha Gobolada dhexe waxa lagu siyaarta Degmada Galhareeri *215. Maxamed Cabdulqaadir Cali ( Jacfar Yarre ) Gudoomiye Kuxigeenka Arimaha Bulshada Degmada Dayniile *216. Cali Cabdulqaadir Yaxye uqeebsama dhalinyarada wadanka Netherlands e Qaramada Midoobay *217. Maxamed Xasan Cali wasiir kuxigeenki hore Caafimaadka DG Galmudug *218. Cabdikariim Cumar Axmed Xildhibaan hore Galmudug *219. Abuukar Maxamuud Gacal Gudoomiye Kuxigewnka hay'ada IRC horey uga mid aha maamulka sare hay'ada Concern *220. Caaisha Cali Maxamuud Afrax Wariye katirsan BBC Somali *221. Ciise Maxamuud Siicoow Agaasimaha maamulka shaqaalaha Dekeda Muqdisho *222. Ganacsade Cali Maxamed Dhiblaawe (Cali Dheere) *223. Ganacsade Cumar Wehliye *224. Ganacsade Shire Nuur Gacal *225. Ganacsade Cali Maxamuud Afrax *226. Abwaan Axmed Cadeey ( AUN ) *227. Wariye Muuse Maxamuud Jiisow Agaasimaha TV-ga Star *228. Nabadoon Cali Maxamuud Mahadale " Cali Geel " ( Nabadoonka Guud e beesha Cabdalle Sabdi e beelwaynta Murusade ) *229. Nabadoon Xaaji Maxamed Afrax Wehliye Nabadoon guud e hore Cabdalle Sabdi *230. Nabadoon Shiikh Axmed Jowle AUN Nabadoon guud e hore ( Cabdalle Sabdi ) *231. Nabadoon Maxamed Cabdi Badane *232. Imaam Maxamed Axmed Yalaxow *233. Nabadoon Cabdullaahi Caraaye *234. Nabadoon Cabdi Jimcaale Calasow *235. Nabadoon Axmed Barre Cabdi *236. Nabadoon Cali Shanle *237. Nabadoon Xuseen Cumar Xayle AUN geesi hore *238. Nabadoon Cali Xasan Caddow " Cali Maanafato " *239. Nabadoon Nuur Cirroobe *240. Nabadoon Xuseen Maxamed Siyaad ( Xuseen Jiyeer ) *241. Nabadon cali xasan dhegweyn *242. Nabadon cali Axmed caynte *243. Nabadoon Daahir Cali Yare ==FANAANIINTA BEESHA MURUSADE== *1- Cabduqadir macalin saciid jubba *2- Cabdalla Yuusuf hanuniye *3- Mahad Cabdi Taltaliini Mayko *4- Ikraan samxa *5- Maxamed Deeq Xasan Dalnuurshe *6- Nuurdiin Shiikh Axmed iimaan *7- SaYid khaliifa Cismaan Cabdi *8- Muumin Maxamed dilaxow *9- Cabdinajiib Cabdi weheliye Alfa *10- Bile Maxamud Cali Sky *11- maxamed xasan shiikh Deko *12- Cabdisalan Maxamud siicoow sheeno *13- Yaxye UK *14- Siraad Cabdulle ugaas *15- Maandeeq Nuur Garaash *16 - Farxiya Axmed cadaawe fiska *17- Muno cabdi cali Xafiis *18- Faadumo Maxamed Xasan shiino *19- Farxiya Maxamed Cabdulle kabayare *20- Nasteexo Aadan cabdi dagan *21- Bashiir Cabdalla hanuuniye *22- saciid kambaala *23- KING MO *24- maxamed deeq bariido *25- Cawaale Cabdalla hanuuniye *26- Cabdullahi cabdiraxman warsame Erik Abdalla *27- Guuleed Sabriye Afrax *28- Aamiino Cali jiisoow *29-Xasan sabriye Afrax Gareed Musician iyo laxamiiste *30- Abwaan Barre Maxamuud fiidoow Leento *31- Abwaan Cawil Caggod Cali *32- Abwaan Maxamuud Cabddulle Cagdheer *33- Abwaan Jubat Abwaan maxamed cali *33- Arwaax Yare *34- Saciid Bilaadin *35- Abwaan Deeq Ciise midnimo *36- KING CK *37- Maxamed Xasan Xuseen Lafoole (Gidir Karanle) *38- Abwaan Sahal Abdikadir Ahmed ( Jokar ) ——————— “Ilaah . . . indhahooda ilmo kastuu ka tirtiri doonaa, oo dhimashona mar dambe ma jiri doonto, oo mar dambena ma jiri doonaan murug iyo oohin iyo xanuun toona, waayo, waxyaalihii hore way dhammaadeen.” ——————- {{beelaha soomaalida}} nfgnofiuivabxb6n6fx1gbifqsqd7ii 0 12355 302015 241090 2026-07-12T22:23:49Z Videoiib7 46243 /* Atomka Haydarojiinta */ 302015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hydrogen}} '''Hydrogen ama Haaydarojiin''' Waa qayb ka mid ah curiye yaasha Kimikada Waxaana loo soo gaabiyaa "H" [[Atom|Atam]] kiisuna waa 1 madab iyo dhadhan toona maleh. = Haaydarojiin = '''Haaydarojiin''' ([[Ingiriis]]: Hydrogen) calaamad [[H]] waa [[curiye]] kimiko ah oo [[tiro]]da [[atom]]kiisu tahay [[kow]]. Haaydarojiintu waa [[curiye]]ha ugu fudud dhamaan curiyeyaasha, taasina waa sababta looga dhigay lambar [[kow]] liiska [[Diwaanka Curiye]]. [[File:Emissions Spectra.webm|thumb|Tijaabada Hydrogen Spectrum]] [[Meere]]yaal iyo [[Xidig]]yo badan ayaa ka intooda u badan ka sameeysan curiyan Haydarojiinta. Sidoo kale Haydarojiintu waa [[Neef]] bilaa ur, dhadhan iyo midab ah isla markaana firfircooni uu kula falgalo [[curiye]] kale. Dhinaca kale waa curiye aad muhiim ugu ah nolosha [[dhul]]ka, sababtoo ah marka [[labo]] [[atom]] ama [[hal]] [[malakuyuul]] oo Haydarojiin la fal-gasho [[Ogsajiin]] waxaa soo baxa [[biyo]]. Fal-galkaas waxaa uu u dhacaa sidan: 2[[H]] + 1[[O]] = [[H2O]]. Haydarojiintu waa curiyaha [[kow]]aad ee [[hawo]]da ugu badan [[Koon]]ka waa qiyaas dhan 75%, waxa ku xiga[[Ogsajiin]] iyo [[Hiliyaam]]. = Taariikhda Haydarojiinta = Haaydarojiin waxaa markii ugu horreysay kala saaray 1671-kii Robert Boyle.<ref>Boyle, R. (1672). "Tracts written by the Honourable Robert Boyle containing new experiments, touching the relation betwixt flame and air..." London.</ref> Sannadkii 1776-kii, Henry Cavendish waxa uu u aqoonsaday inay tahay qaybteeda wuxuuna ugu yeedhay "hawo gubanaysa". Waxa uu xaqiiqsaday 1781 in gubideeda ay biyo samaysay.<ref>Boyle, R. (1672). "Tracts written by the Honourable Robert Boyle containing new experiments, touching the relation betwixt flame and air..." London.</ref><ref>"Hydrogen". Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wylie-Interscience. 2005. pp. 797–799. ISBN 978-0-471-61525-5.</ref><ref>Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 183–191. ISBN 978-0-19-850341-5.</ref> Antoine Lavoisier wuxuu u bixiyay Haaydarojiin magaceeda, laga soo bilaabo erayga Giriigga ee biyaha, 'υδορ'.<ref>https://archive.org/details/guidetoelements00stwe</ref> ==Atomka Haydarojiinta== Haydarojiinku wuxuu leeyahay saddex isotobeska oo Waaweyn 1H, oo loo yaqaan Brotuyum (calaamad H) 2H, oo loo yaqaan deuterium (calaamad D) iyo 3H, oo loo yaqaan tritium (calaamad T). Sidaas darteed, haydarojiinku Waa [[Curiye|Curiyaha]] kaliya ee isotopeskiisu leeyihiin magacyo kala duwan Magacyada isotobes-ka Walxaha kale waxaa lagu tilmaamaa magaca curiyaha oo ay ku xigto tirada neutrons-ka ku jira Xudunta = Fal-galka Curiyeha Kale = = Isticmaalka Haydarojiinta = Haaydarojiin waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa isku dhafka nukliyeerka iyo warshadaha batroolka. =Tixraac= {{reflist}} {{commons|Category:Hydrogen}} {{general-stub}} [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] [[Category:Bir]] [[Category:Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]] [[Category:Neef]] [[Category:Neefta Halogen]] [[Category:Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Category:Waxbarsho]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Curiye]] [[Category:Kimisteri]] [[Category:Falgal]] [[Category:Isku dhis]] 5myutudsfg2yedglzjqvvgjue0hm3je 0 19781 302009 262652 2026-07-12T14:43:47Z Garyaqaan 29387 /* */ 302009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox legislature |background_color = #E6F100 | name = House of Elders | native_name = Golaha Guurtida | native_name_lang = | transcription_name = | legislature = | coa_pic = Seal of the Somaliland House of Elders.svg | coa_res = | coa_alt = Logo of the House of Elders of Somaliland. | foundation = 1988 | house_type = Upper house | body = | houses = | leader1_type = Speaker | leader1 = [[Muse Haji Abdi Du'ale]] | party1 = | election1 = July 12, 2026 | members = 82 members | term_length = 5 years | house1 = | house2 = | structure1 = | structure1_res = 250px | structure1_alt = | structure2 = | structure2_res = | structure2_alt = | political_groups1 = | political_groups2 = | committees1 = | committees2 = | joint_committees = | voting_system1 = | voting_system2 = | last_election1 = | last_election2 = | previous_election1 = | previous_election2 = | session_room = | session_res = | session_alt = | meeting_place = [[Hargeisa]] | website = {{URL| https://www.govsomaliland.org/hoe}} | footnotes = {{Facebook|somalilandparliement.net}} | motto = | authority = }} {{Siyaasadda Somaliland}} '''Golaha Guurtida Jamhuuriyada Somaliland''' ({{lang-en|Somaliland House of Elders}}; {{lang-ar|أرض الصومال برلمان}}) waa gole ka tirsan [[Baarlamaanka Somaliland|Golaha Baarlamaan]]ka ee [[Somaliland|Jamhuuriyada Somaliland]]. Sida caadiga ah, golaha odoyaasha waa '''"Golaha Sare"''' ee wadanka kaasi oo ka kooban 82 oday oo laga soo xulay [[beel|beelaha Somaliland]].<ref name="Pvtacil">{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201202062200.html|title=Somalia: Parliament Votes to Attend Conference in London|date=02-05-2012|publisher=Garowe Online|accessdate=20 July 2012}}</ref> Shaqada ugu muhiimsan ee golahani waa ilaalinta iyo xalinta nabada wadanka; sidaas ay tahay waxay sharci ahaan ansixiyaan ama ka soo horjeestaan sharciyada ay soo bandhigaan [[Golaha Wakiilada Somaliland|Golaha Wakiilada]]. [[File:Somalia (Somaliland), Hargeisa, House of Elders.JPG|thumb|Dhismaha Golaha Guurtida Somaliland]] Golaha Guurtida Somaliland waxaa xarun u ah caasimada [[Hargeysa]], waxaana gudoomiye u ah Saleebaan Maxamuud Adam "Saleebaan Nuur". ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Dastuurka Somaliland]] *[[Somaliland|Golaha Wasiirada Somaliland]] *[[Golaha Guurtida Somaliland]] *[[Golaha Wakiilada Somaliland]] *[[Baarlamaanka Somaliland]] * [http://www.guurti.org/ Official website of the Somaliland upper house] ==Linkiyo kale== * [http://www.somalilandlaw.com/body_somaliland_parliament.html Somaliland law] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{gumud}} [[Category:Xukuumada Somaliland]] [[Category:Somaliland]] ibqwloc7fgg9izuhawwdp6imfom193g 0 21172 302007 301767 2026-07-12T12:24:13Z ~2026-39275-16 46457 /* Abtirsi */ 302007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group| |group = Dishiishe <br> دشيشي |image =[[File:Ugaaska Dishiishe.jpg|thumb|Ugaas Xasan Ugaas Yaasin]] |region1 = {{flagcountry|Soomaaliya}} |region2 = {{flagcountry|Oman}} |region4 = {{flagcountry|Yemen}} |region5 = |region6 = |langs = [[Af-Soomaali]] iyo [[Af-Carabi]] |rels = [[Islam| Islam Sunni]] |related-c = [[Gabtaanle]], [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali]], [[Tiinle]], [[Ogaadeen]], ,[[Mareexaan]], [[Reer-Darawiish]] iyo beelaha kale ee [[Daarood]] |caption=Ugaaska guud ee beelweynta Dishiishe}} '''Dishiishe''' ({{lang-en|''Dishiishe''}}, [[Carabi]] دشيشى) ; sidoo kale loo qoro '''Dashiishe''', '''Dishishe''', Waa [[Beelaha Soomaalida|qabiil]] Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan beelaha [[Harti]] ee beelwaynta [[Daarood]], waxayna ka mid yihiin laf hoosaadka '''Axmed Yusuf Harti.''' Waxayna wada dhasheen beelaha Gabtaanle, Tiinle iyo Maganlabe,Waxay beeshu Degtaa Gobolada [[Bari (Gobol)|Bari]], [[Sanaag]] Iyo [[Jubbada Hoose|Jubbada hoose]] ee [[Soomaaliya]].Sidoo kale waxay degaan dalka [[Cumaan]] gaar ahaan gobolka Dhofar. Dishiishe waxay soohdin la leeyihiin Dhanka Bari Cali Saleebaan iyo Cali Jibrahil, dhanka Galbeedna Warsangeli, dhanka koonfur Cismaan Maxamuud. Waana Beel aad loogu qadariyo deegaanada [[Boosaaso]] iyo Hareeraheeda oo ah Degaanka ay Taariikh ahaan Degaan. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |accessdate=18 May 2010}}</ref> ==Hordhac== '''Dishiishe''' waa beel ka mid ah beelaha [[Harti]] ee [[Daarood]] kana sii ah [[Harti|Mooracase]], Qabiilkaan waxuu ku badanyahay woqooyiga gaar ahaan gobolada [[Bari]] & [[Sanaag]], degaano ka mid ah dalalka [[Carabta|Cumaan]] iyo [[Yemen|Yemen]]. Waxay dhalasho wadaag yihiin beelaha [[Majeerteen]], [[Warsangali|Warsangeli]], [[Reer-Darawiish]], iyo beelo kale, oo dhamaan wada Ah ilmo [[Harti]], Koombe, kablalax, [[Daarood]].<ref>Soda laga soo xigtay Waayeelka , waxgaradka iyo soo jireenka Qabaa'ilkaa</ref> Beeshaani waxay leedahay Ugaastooyo soo jireen ah oo maamuli jirtay deegaanada beeshu degto, sidoo kale beeshaani waxay gundhig u tahay Horumarka dhaqaale, Ilbaxnimo iyo Amni ee ka hana qaaday gobolada Waqooyi Bari soomaaliya wixii ka dambeeyay Burburkii dowladii dhexe ee dalka, Waana beel bulshooyinka Soomaaliyeed ku soo dhoweysay deegaanadeeda oo ay ugu horayso Magaalada [[Boosaaso]]. [[File:48tirrryuco91.jpg|thumb|Boosaaso 1926]] [[File:Somalia_tribes1977.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Khariidad Muujinaysa qayb ahaan sida ay u kala degaan qabaa'ilka Soomaalida.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/somalia.html|title=Somalia Maps - Perry–Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online|author=|date=|website=www.lib.utexas.edu|accessdate=6 April 2018}}</ref>]] ==Abtirsi== *'''Harti''' (Saalax) wuxu dhalay; *1. Yusuf (BahMajerteen) *2. Siciid (Bahfaadumo) *3. Cabdiraxman (Bahfaadumo) *4. Guuleed (Bahfaadumo) *5. Liibaan (Bahfaadumo) *'''Yusuf Harti''' (Bahmajerteen) wuxu dhalay, *1. Maxamed Yusuf, o dhalay Aawe iyo Wabeeneye. *2. Maxamud Yusuf o dhalay Hinjiye iyo Kooye. *3. '''Axmad''' Yusuf, Wuxuu dhalay Ismaaciil, Ismaaciilna wuxu dhalay; #Wacaysle Ismaaciil '''( Tiinle )''' #Cabdalle Ismaaciil '''( Gabtaanle)''' #Nuux Ismaaciil '''( Maganlabe)''' #Abdiraxman Maxamed Maxamuud Ismaaciil '''(Dishiishe )''' *Maxamuud Ismaaciil '''( Miyirwaq )''' Isna wuxuu dhalay Maxamed o sii dhalay Cabdiraxmaan '''(''Dishiishe'')''' oo sii dhalay #Ismaaciil Cabdiraxmaan (Meecaad) #Cabdalle Cabdiraxmaan(''Makadoor'')''' * Cabdalle Cabdiraxmaan #Isxaaq Cabdalle '''( Reer Boqor )''' #Cabdikariim Cabdalle *Cabdikariim Cabdalle #Sakeriye Cabdikariim '''( Reer Sakeriye)''' #Maxamuud Cabdikariim '''( Fiqi Case )'''<br /> *Ismaaciil Cabdiraxmaan #'''Saciid Ismaaciil''' #'''Yoonis Ismaaciil''' #Maxamed Ismaaciil (Ugaar) *Ugaar Ismaaciil #'''Cabdalle Ugaar''' #'''Cabdikariim Ugaar''' #'''Cabdibaasid Ugaar<br />''' *Cabdalle Ugaar wuxu dhalay Xuseen ('''Xuseen Cabdalle)''' *Cabdikariim Ugaar Wuxuu dhalay Isxaaq oo ay ka farcameen #Maxamed Isxaaq #Saleebaan Isxaaq #Axmed Isxaaq '''(''Reer Ugaas)'''''<br /> #Xasan Ugaas Axmed #Cali Ugaas Axmed'''('' Mugdi '')''' #Qaasim Ugaas Axmed'''( Ooga cadde '')''''' #Nuux Ugaas Axmed *Cabdibaasid Ugaar wuxu dhalay Xaaji-Jibriil oo ka farcameen # Macaawiye Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Macaawiye)''' #Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Cartan)''' # Ahmed Cartan ('''Ahmed Cartan''') # '''Cismaan Cartan''', o ka farcameen; # Cise Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Saalax Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Rooble Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Maxamed Cise Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Maxamed Ciise''') # Faahiye Saalax Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil ('''Reer Faahiye''') # Rooble Cismaan Cartan Xaaji-Jibriil # Gabdoon Rooble ('''Reer Gabdoon''') # Isxaaq Rooble ('''Rer Isxaaq''') # Saalax Rooble ('''Saalax Rooble''') # Muuse Maxamuud Rooble ('''Reer Muuse''') '''Guud ahaan Dishiishe wa 10 Beelood o kala ah:''' # '''Reer Boqor''' # '''Reer Sekeriye''' # '''Reer Fiqi''' # '''Yonis''' # '''Siciid Ismaciil''' # '''Xuseen Cabdalle''' # '''Reer Ugaas''' # '''Saleebaan''' # '''Maxamed Isxaaq''' # '''Reer Xaaji-Jibriil''' Tixraac: Buugga Taxa-taran, Qore: Maxamuud Bile Dubbe <code>https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm</code> ==Sidoo kale fiiri== *[[Soomaali|Beelaha Soomaalida]] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Beelaha Soomaalida}} {{Commons|Category:Darod}} [[Category:Qabiilada Soomaalida]] [[Category:Soomaali]] [[Category:Dadka Soomaaliga]] [[Category:Macluumaadka Soomaaliya]] Buugga Taxa-taran. Qore ( Maxamuud Bile Dubbe Mareegta: Biyokulule.com ( https://web.archive.org/web/20200719225452/http://www.biyokulule.com/taxataranMooro.htm ) squ9t1r4fp4pnj5900zqy2po01q41bs 0 24332 302020 294663 2026-07-13T01:38:46Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox U.S. state |Name = Connecticut |Fullname = State of Connecticut |Flag = Flag of Connecticut.svg |Seal = Seal of Connecticut.svg |Flaglink = [[Flag of Connecticut|Flag]] |Map = Connecticut in United States (zoom).svg |Nickname = {{plainlist| * The Constitution State (official) * The Nutmeg State * The Provisions State * The Land of Steady Habits}} |Motto = {{plainlist| * ''[[Qui transtulit sustinet]]'' ([[Latin]]) * He who transplanted still sustains<ref name=SOTS/>}} |StateAnthem = [[Yankee Doodle]] |Former = Connecticut Colony |Capital = [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]]<ref>{{cite web |title=General Description and Facts |publisher=State of Connecticut |url=http://portal.ct.gov/about/ |access-date=2018-07-04 |archive-date=2015-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016141503/http://portal.ct.gov/about/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |LargestMetro = [[Greater Hartford]]<ref>{{cite report |title=Table B-1. Metropolitan Areas – Area and Population |work=State and Metropolitan Area Data Book: 2006 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |date=July 2006 |url=http://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2006/compendia/smadb06/tableB/all-tabB.pdf}}</ref> | |LargestCity = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]]<ref>{{cite web |title=2014 Population Estimate |website=[[American FactFinder]] |publisher=United States Census Bureau |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk |access-date=October 25, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6gpGlyhlr?url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk |archivedate=April 17, 2016 |df=mdy }}</ref> |Demonym = {{plainlist| * Connecticuter<ref>{{Cite journal|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |title=Style Manual |year=2000 |at=§5.23 |url=http://www.gpoaccess.gov/stylemanual/ |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080831023726/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/stylemanual/ |archivedate=August 31, 2008 }}</ref> * Connecticutian<ref>{{cite web |title=Connecticutian |work=Merriam-Webster Online |url=http://nws.merriam-webster.com/opendictionary/newword_search.php?word=Connecticutian |access-date=October 25, 2015 |archive-date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 31, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231223637/http://nws.merriam-webster.com/opendictionary/newword_search.php?word=Connecticutian |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Nutmegger]]<ref>{{cite web |work=eReference Desk |title=State Resident's Names |url=http://www.ereferencedesk.com/resources/state-name/resident-names.html |access-date=October 25, 2015 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117111227/http://www.ereferencedesk.com/resources/state-name/resident-names.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>}} |Governor = [[Dannel Malloy]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) |Lieutenant Governor = [[Nancy Wyman]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) |Legislature = [[Connecticut General Assembly|General Assembly]] |Upperhouse = [[Connecticut Senate|Senate]] |Lowerhouse = [[Connecticut House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] |Senators = [[Richard Blumenthal]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])<br>[[Chris Murphy]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) |Representative = 5 Democrats |PostalAbbreviation = CT |OfficialLang = None |AreaRank = 48th |TotalArea = 14,357 |TotalAreaUS = 5,567 |LandArea = 12,559 |LandAreaUS = 4,849 |WaterArea = 1,809 |WaterAreaUS = 698 |PCWater = 12.6 |PopRank = 29th |2010Pop = 3,588,184 (2017 est.)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/CT,US/PST045217 |date=July 1, 2017 |accessdate=May 6, 2017|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|title=Connecticut: Population estimates}}</ref> |DensityRank = 4th |2000Density = 285 |2000DensityUS = 739 |MedianHouseholdIncome = $72,889<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0|work=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|title=Median Annual Household Income|accessdate=December 9, 2016}}</ref> |IncomeRank = 2nd |AdmittanceOrder = 5th |AdmittanceDate = January 9, 1788 |TimeZone = [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|Eastern]]: [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] [[Eastern Time Zone|−5]]/[[Eastern Daylight Time|−4]] |Longitude = 71°47′ W to 73°44′ W |Latitude = 40°58′ N to 42°03′ N |Width = 177 |WidthUS = 110 |Length = 113 |LengthUS = 70 |HighestPoint = [[Massachusetts]] border on south slope of [[Mount Frissell]]<ref name=USGS>{{cite web|title=Highest and Lowest Elevations |website=Elevations and Distances in the United States |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |year=2001 |url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb//pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest |accessdate=October 25, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109183109/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb//pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |archivedate=November 9, 2013 |df=mdy }}</ref><ref name=NAVD88>Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].</ref> |HighestElev = 725 |HighestElevUS = 2,379 |MeanElev = 150 |MeanElevUS = 500 |LowestPoint = [[Long Island Sound]]<ref name=USGS/><ref name=NAVD88 /> |LowestElev = 0 |LowestElevUS = 0 |ISOCode = US-CT |TradAbbreviation = Conn. |Website = www.ct.gov }} {{Infobox U.S. state symbols <!-- Sources:http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/ct_symb.htm--> |Name =Connecticut |Flag =Flag of Connecticut.svg |Flagsize =175px |Seal =Seal of Connecticut.svg |Bird =[[American robin]] |Insect =[[Praying mantis]] |Fish =[[American shad]] |Flower =[[Kalmia latifolia|Mountain laurel]] |Tree =[[Quercus alba|White oak]] |Gemstone =[[Garnet]] |Motto =''[[Qui Transtulit Sustinet]]'' (He Who Transplanted Still Sustains.) |Song ="[[Yankee Doodle]]" |Route marker =Connecticut_Highway_2.svg |Quarter =1999_CT_Proof.png |Quarter release date = 1999 }}ənɛtɪkət / (ku saabsan codkani wuxuu dhagaystaa)) [12] waa gobolka ugu koonfureed ee gobolka New England ee waqooyiga bari ee Maraykanka. Marka loo eego tirakoobka 2010, wuxuu leeyahay dakhliga ugu sarreya qofka, Heerka Horumarka Aadanaha (0.962), iyo dakhliga reerka ee reerka Mareykanka ah. [13] [14] [15] Waxaa xuduud la leh Rhode Island bari, Massachusetts ilaa waqooyiga, New York ilaa galbeedka, iyo Long Island Sound oo koonfur ah. Waa caasimadeeda waa Hartford iyo magaaladeeda ugu weyn waa Bridgeport. Waa qayb ka mid ah New England, inkastoo qaybo ka mid ah waxaa badanaa la isugu keenaa New York iyo New Jersey sida aagga Tri-state. Gobolka ayaa loogu magac daray "River Connecticut", oo ah webiga weyn ee Maraykanka kaas oo qiyaastii u dhigma gobolka. Ereyga "Connecticut" waxaa laga soo xigtay ereyo kala duwan oo ku saabsan ereyada Algonquian oo ah "webiga wakhti dheer". [16] Dadka ugu horreeya ee Connecticut waxay ahaayeen Dutchmen kuwaas oo dejiyey degmo yar oo la yiraahdo Fort Hoop oo Hartford ah oo ku yaala isku xirka Park iyo Connecticut rivers. Half of Connecticut waxay bilowgii qayb ka ahayd gumeysiga Holland ee New Netherland, oo ay ku jiraan dhul badan oo u dhaxeeya Connecticut iyo Delaware Rivers. Degmooyinka ugu horreeya ee aasaasiga ah ayaa la aasaasay 1630kii by Ingiriisi. Thomas Hooker wuxuu hogaaminayay koox raacsan oo ka soo jeeda magaalada Massachusetts Bay ee gobolka oo ay aasaaseen Connecticut Colony; dadka degan degaanka Massachusetts waxay aasaaseen Saybrook Colony iyo Colonel New Haven. Qeybaha Connecticut iyo New Haven waxay aasaaseen dukumeentiyooyinka aasaasiga ah ee aasaasiga ah, oo loo tixgeliyey dastuurkii kowaad ee Waqooyiga Ameerika. Sannadkii 1662, saddexda gumeysi ayaa lagu darsaday hannaankii boqortooyada, isaga oo samaystay isku xidhnaansho iskudhaf ah oo Connecticut ah. Tani waxa ay ahayd mid ka mid ah Goobaha Saddex iyo Tobanka ah ee diidey xukunka Ingiriiska ee Kacaanka Mareykanka. Connecticut waa gobolka saddexaad ee ugu hooseeya ee degaanka, [17] 29-aad ee ugu tirada badan, [18] iyo kan afraad ee ugu dad badan [17] ee 50 gobol. Waxaa loo yaqaan 'Dastuurka Dastuurka', 'State Delta State', 'State Provisions', iyo "Dhaqdhaqaaqa Deganaanshaha". [1] Waxay ahayd mid saameyn ku leh horumarinta dawladda federaalka ah ee Mareykanka. 7djp4qaj20qfhzbxhr8tw10a0om5844 0 30278 302008 296861 2026-07-12T14:14:21Z ~2026-39377-06 46471 beesha reer cumur ayaan faah faahin ka baxshay 302008 wikitext text/x-wiki BEGEDI: *TAARIIKDA EE BEEL WEYNTA BAGEDI *Beesha bagedi waa beel kamid ah beelaha asalka ee ku abtirsada odeyga aw digil oo ah adeyga kasoo faracmeen qabaa ilada leysku yiraahdo hada Digil & Mirifle *Odeyga aw Digil wuxuu dhalay kuna abtirsada todobo odey oo kala ah *QURAAWANE *ABAASAAD *QURIILE *Reer Cumur Makaraan Cilmiile Maxaad Kheyre ( jajeele reer wabar ) *Sidaasi darteed odey Maadd DIGIL waxa uu dhalay 2 isku hooyo ah *0 , CALEEMOW MAAD DIGIL *MAXAMED MAAD DIGIL MAXAMED MAAD DIGIL WUXUU DHALAY 4 CARUUR *'''1 , QURAAWANE(MAXAMED REWIING)''' *'''2 , ABAASAAD''' *'''3 , quriile''' *'''4 , Reer cumar Makaraan Cilmiile Maxaad Kheyre ( waxaa dhashay hooyo caashoow oo Qoriile ah deegaankooda waa Deeganweenaha Mubaarak Awdheegle )''' == Isirika Beelaha Begedi == Isirka beesha bagedi waxey galaan cadow Mirifle oo wada dageen deegaanada shableeda hoose. Bagedigu waa beel ay boqortooyo wadaag ahayen beelaha geledi oo muddo aad udheer xukumeysa barta iyo koonfurta [[soomaaliya]] kadib market jabiyeen boqortooyadii ajuuraan iyo hiraab ee katalin jirtay waayo hore koonfurta soomaaliya Bagedi waa beel kucaan ah ladirika shisheeyaha iyo gumeysi diidka , inkastoo Aan labuunbuuninin sida beelaha kale ee soomaaliyeed . Bagedi iyo geledi oo ah ilmo adeero (digil) waxey Daris iyo boqortoyo wadaag ahaayeen muddo aad utiro badan. Sidoo kale waa dad ku caan ah wax soosaarka dalka aanan waligood gacan hoorsan laguna yaqaan dad shaqeysta oo karti leh Bagediga waxa uu ku abtirsada cadow Mirifle == Dadka Iyo Deegaanada Beelaha Begedi == Dadka begedi oo sida aan horey u soo tilmaamayba ku abuurmay dan iyosida awoowyaasheynah sheegeen deegaan wadaag ayaa waxay ka kooban yihiin 12 beelood oo ku aroora afar isir. Walow aan si dhab ah loo ogayn sidii loo soo kala horeeyay ayaa hadana waxaa jira astaamo aad u muuqda oo aan la dafiri karin oo ka muuqda degmada Awdheegle sida magacyada qadiimiga ah,Qabuuraha iyo caado dhaqameedyada,waxayna si guud iyo si gaar ahba ay u cabirayaan in degmadan Awdheegle la deganaa ka hor soo galidii diinta islaamka geyiga Soomaaliyeed. Magacan begedi oo u muuqda magac micno ahaan loo ekaysiiyay carabi ayaa hadan waxa uu magacan yahay magac Soomaali ah loona yaqiinay deegaanka beesha begedi,waxa uuna tilmaan u ahaa barwaaqada ALAH ku maneystay beesha cid kasta oo aragtaa in ayan aragti kaga BOGAN karin nicmada taal dhalka reer BOGODI oo la micno ah INDHO DARAANDAR ama ASHQARAAR . [[Hal Abuur|halka]] degmada Awdheegle gobolka Shabeelaha hoose ay tahay deegaan iyo degmo reer begedi ay ku dhan yihiin,iyadoo sidoo kalena ay degaan degmooyinka Buurhakaba,Afgooye,Qoryooleey,Marko iyo Baraawe, Sablaale, kunturwaarey,Janaale, Baardheere,Jowhar waxaa intaa dheer caasimada magaalada muqdisho gobolka banaadir iyo caasimada kumeelgaarka ahee KoonfurGalbeed magaalada Baydhabo. Dadka begedigu waa dad isugu jira Beeraaleey,Xoolo dhaqato,Ganacsato iyo Xirfadlayaal sumcad iyo maamuusba ku dhex leh sokeeye iyo shisheeye,deris iyo ood wadaag,waana dad nabadeed aad u adadag xiliyada ay taagan yihiin duruufaha adag sida dagaalada,abaaraha,cudurada iyo aafooyinka dabeecadu keento. Dhulkan baaxada intaan la eg misna barwaaqada ahayaa waxa uu beeshu ku sababay iska war hayn la'aan meelaha qaar iyo mararka qaar sababta in reero ka mid ah beesha begedi ay ku biiraan reero ay oodwadaag yihiin,beelaha ay beesha begedi reero ka mid ahi ay ku biireen waxaa kamid ah l beesha sedaxda buurood amaba beesha EELAAY,Geledi,Gare,, iyo Tuni. == Beesha Bagedi == -Beesha Quraawane ayaa iyaguna waxay ku qaaraan yihiin beesha GELEDI(7-Digil),Sidoo kale ayaa beesha Quraawane waxay dhalasho wadaag la tahay beelaha laysku yiraahdo LIKA CADOW MIRIFLE oo ay ku abtirsadaan 6 beelood oo kala ah Yantaar,Barbaare,Helede,Quraawane,Daawane iyo Goorlabe,lixdan beelood ayaa hada ku kala abtirsada beelo ka gedisan sida beelaha Yantaar ee Mirifle,Barbaare 5Caleen,Helede Eelaay,Quraawane Begedi,Daawane Eelaay,Goorlabe Abgaal. == Sida saxda ah Abtirka Beesha waa == Qabiilka Begedi / Beesha Begedi waa beel kamid ah Beelaha aslaka ah ee ku abtirsada Odeyga AW-DIGIL, oo ah odeyga ey kasoo farcamee Qabaa’ilada lesku yiraahdo Hada Digil & Mirifle. Beel weynta Begedi ama Bagadi waxay u qeybsantaa sida soo socota: 1) Quraawane 2) quriile 3) abaasaad 4) quriile 5) reer maclin 6) reer Cumar Makaraan Cilmiile Maxaad Kheyre ( waxee dhaqan iyo deegaan wadaag yihiin Bagadi waxaana Hooyo u ah Quriile iyaguna waa jajeele Gugundhabe) 72n00rd0h0z23s97c1os25wqih5l3ic 0 32407 302002 296922 2026-07-12T12:06:33Z ~2026-39256-50 46469 302002 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Loobage]] waa beel kamida beelaha reer fiqicumar ama sheekhaal waxayna ku badanyahiin gobolka Mudug ilaa jubada dhexe waxeyna degaan banaadir shabelaha hoose ,j.hoose beeshaan waa beel taarikh iyo sharaf ba kule geyiga somalida beeshaan waxa ka dhashey gudomiyaha baarlamaan kii ugu dheera ee somara somalia General maxamed ibrahim liqliqato sidookale waxa ka dhashey general indhaqarshe oo qeyb weyn ka qaatay dagaalki 1977 Ethiopia waana Generalki qabsaday qabridahar. Beel weynta Loobage waxa la dhashey beelaha Aw Qudub, Cabdi Sheekh, Aw Xasan, Gandershe, Jaziira. * Loobage *Tolweyne loobage **Gacal mahadale **●ow sheekh cali gacal **●Cumar gacal **●Cabdi gacal **●Sheekhow gacal **●Ibraahim gacal **Maxamed mahadalle **Xasan mahadalle **Cali mahadalle **Cabdalle mahadalle **Ebbakar mahadalle **Cumar mahadalle *Caagane loobage **Maxamed caagane ***Cabdi Raxman Maxamed Cagane ***Cabdi maxamed caagane ***Caalin maxamed caagane ***Xasan maxamed caagane ***Nuur maxamed caagane ***Bashiir Maxamed Caagane ***Cilmi Maxamed Cagane ***Muse Maxamed Cagane **Samatar caagane ***Cumar samatar ***Cali samatar **Samafale caafane ***Cumar samafale ***Qalaf samafale ***Cali samafale **Buubaal caagane ***Maxamed buubaal ***Caalin buubaal ***mahadalle buubaal ***Cali buubaal ***Cabdi buubaal **mahad caagane **Cumar caagane ***Caalin cumar ***Amiin cumar **Nuur caagane **Dhool caagane **Cali Cagane *Sacdi loobage **Maxamed sacdi **Rooble sacdi **Cali sacdi **Cismaan sacdi **Magan sacdi **Cagey sacdi **Yabarow sacdi **Cumar sacdi *Cabdi loobage **Xasan cabdi loobage **Xuseen cabdi loobage **Cilmi cabdi loobage **Sadiiq cabdi loobage ** Nuur cabdi loobage **Axmed cabdi loobage **Jabriil cabdi loobage **Obbakar cabdi loobage 2n1tq6o72zgfszcvtgx6cx0pfzcmt08 0 34414 302003 298907 2026-07-12T12:08:37Z ~2026-39256-50 46469 /* Deegaannada Sheekhaal Jaziira */ 302003 wikitext text/x-wiki Sheekhaal Jaziira (Baaxasan) ------------------ Sheekhaal Jaziira waa farac kamid ah beelaha shiikhal kuwaas oo ka tirsan beelaha soomaliyeed oo lagu yaqaan iney yihiin dad diini iyo cilmi ku suntan Kuna faafey qeybo kamid ah soomaaliya gaar ahaan deeganada xeebaha iyo magaalooyinka waaweyn beesha shiikhal jasiira waxaa ay si gaara udegtaa deeganka jasiira ee ku yaalla koonfurta muqdisho waana deegan xeebed muhiim ah oo taarikhdiisa facweyntahay beesha shiikhal jasiira wxaa ay ku abtirsataa sheekh mohamed bahassan oo ahaa nin diini badan oo kamid ahaa wadaadadii soomaaliyeed ee aadka loo xurmeyn jirey == Shaxda Beesha == Beelweynta Sheekhaal Jaziira (Aala Baaxasan) waxay ukala baxaan ilaa 3 jifo oo kala ah. * Reer Xaaji ( Xasan) *# Aw Nuur *# Cusmaan Sheekh Baxar *# Amiin Macalin *# Khadiib Macalin *# Faqayow * Reer Qaasim *# Aw Cali *# Aw Mahdi *# Aw Sacdi *# Obooy *# Faqayow * Reer Maad *# Amiin *# Baxar *# Sheekh Bilaan ( Bilaal) == Abtirsiga == Sheekh Muxammad Baaxassan (Abu Xassan) bin Sheekh Abu Bakar bin Sheekh Suufi bin Jacfar bin Maslax bin Musa bin Jacfar bin Axmad bin Zubayr bin Maslax bin Jacfar bin Muscab bin Zubayr bin Bakkaar bin Cabdullah bin Muscab bin Thaabit bin [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullah]] bin [[Zubeyr bin Cawaam R.C|Zubayr bin Al Cawaam]] == Deegaannada Sheekhaal Jaziira == 1-Gobolka Shabeelada Hoose : # Jaziira # Mareereey # Afgooye # Wanlaweyn # Qoryooley # Dhanaane # Jilib Marka # Marka # Shalambood # Golwiin # Ugunji # Janaale # Baraawa 2-Gobolka Banaadir: # Kaxda # Xamar Weyne # Xamar Jajab # Madiina ( Wadajir) # Waabari # Dharkeenley 3-Gobolka Baay # Buur Hakaba # Baidoa # Moolamaad 4-Gobolada kale: # Xuddur # Baardheere === <u>Dadka Caanka</u> === 1-Sheekh Cumar Xaaji , mid kamid ah culumada xamar qarniga 17aad , oo xamarweyne ku aasan , gaar ahaan masjidka mataanaha 2- Professor Cabdi Axmed Maxamed Baafo , Wasiirki hore ee Wasaarada Beeraha 3- Zacima Cabullahi Xaaji, Xilibanad hore xiligii cabdi qasim, madax ay kasoboqotay hay’ado badan sida DRC <ref>LinkedIn</ref> dtmxxplm8zs0qvjvzrsgh1kjw1k8my5 302004 302003 2026-07-12T12:12:12Z ~2026-39256-50 46469 /* Deegaannada Sheekhaal Jaziira */ 302004 wikitext text/x-wiki Sheekhaal Jaziira (Baaxasan) ------------------ Sheekhaal Jaziira waa farac kamid ah beelaha shiikhal kuwaas oo ka tirsan beelaha soomaliyeed oo lagu yaqaan iney yihiin dad diini iyo cilmi ku suntan Kuna faafey qeybo kamid ah soomaaliya gaar ahaan deeganada xeebaha iyo magaalooyinka waaweyn beesha shiikhal jasiira waxaa ay si gaara udegtaa deeganka jasiira ee ku yaalla koonfurta muqdisho waana deegan xeebed muhiim ah oo taarikhdiisa facweyntahay beesha shiikhal jasiira wxaa ay ku abtirsataa sheekh mohamed bahassan oo ahaa nin diini badan oo kamid ahaa wadaadadii soomaaliyeed ee aadka loo xurmeyn jirey == Shaxda Beesha == Beelweynta Sheekhaal Jaziira (Aala Baaxasan) waxay ukala baxaan ilaa 3 jifo oo kala ah. * Reer Xaaji ( Xasan) *# Aw Nuur *# Cusmaan Sheekh Baxar *# Amiin Macalin *# Khadiib Macalin *# Faqayow * Reer Qaasim *# Aw Cali *# Aw Mahdi *# Aw Sacdi *# Obooy *# Faqayow * Reer Maad *# Amiin *# Baxar *# Sheekh Bilaan ( Bilaal) == Abtirsiga == Sheekh Muxammad Baaxassan (Abu Xassan) bin Sheekh Abu Bakar bin Sheekh Suufi bin Jacfar bin Maslax bin Musa bin Jacfar bin Axmad bin Zubayr bin Maslax bin Jacfar bin Muscab bin Zubayr bin Bakkaar bin Cabdullah bin Muscab bin Thaabit bin [[Cabdulaahi bin zubeyr|Cabdullah]] bin [[Zubeyr bin Cawaam R.C|Zubayr bin Al Cawaam]] == Deegaannada Sheekhaal Jaziira == 1-Gobolka Shabeelada Hoose : # Jaziira 2-Gobolka Banaadir: # Kaxda # Xamar Weyne === <u>Dadka Caanka</u> === 1-Sheekh Cumar Xaaji , mid kamid ah culumada xamar qarniga 17aad , oo xamarweyne ku aasan , gaar ahaan masjidka mataanaha 2- Professor Cabdi Axmed Maxamed Baafo , Wasiirki hore ee Wasaarada Beeraha 3- Zacima Cabullahi Xaaji, Xilibanad hore xiligii cabdi qasim, madax ay kasoboqotay hay’ado badan sida DRC <ref>LinkedIn</ref> nx4d52wthpkmlkfrbtfit3w0la36qc5 0 36203 302189 297107 2026-07-13T11:42:54Z Dabayl 12159 302189 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sandalada habarjeclo reer yoonis.jpg]] {{Farac||group=REER YOONIS <br> رير يونس|flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}|region3={{flagcountry|Djibouti}}|region4={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]]|rels=[[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]])|related-c= [[biciide]], [[bahmajeelo]],[[buraale yoonis]], [[maxamed barre]], [[cali barre]], [[uduruxmiin muuse]], [[idarays muuse]] and other [[Muuse Abokor]] groups <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}}'''[[Reeryoonis]] yoonis''' ( [[Af-Ingiriisi]] '''REER YUNUS''' , [[Af-Carabi]] رير يونس , Magaca Oo Dhamaystiran: ''1-yoonis 2- yoonis 3- Cabdiraxmaan 4-muuse 5- abokor 6- jibrill 7-abokor 8-muuse 9- sh isxaaq'' ; sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''REER YOONIS''', ama '''Saldanada habar jeclo''' ) waa beel weyn oo Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan qoyska guud ee [[habarjeclo|beelweynta [[muuse abokor]], waxaana loo sii kala qaybiyay dhawr beelood oo ay ugu waaweyn yihiin [[maxamed yoonis]] iyo [[cismaan yoonis]]. <ref>Ciise Musse|Ciise Muuse</ref>.waxaana lagu qiyaasa ama ay ka kooban yihiin 120,000 oo qof waxayna ka tirsan yihiim beela weynta [[Muuse Abokor|muse abokor]]. [[Reeryoonis]] dhaqan ahaan wuxuu ka kooban yahay reer [[Reer guuraa|guuraa]] [[Xoolo|xoolaley]] , dadka [[Xeeb|xeebta]] deggan, [[Ganacsi|ganacsato]] iyo [[beeraley]] . Reer yoonis saameyn siyaasadeed iyo dhaqaale oo miisaan badan ayuu ku leeyahay [[Somaliland]], waxayna degan yihiin dhul xeebeed iyo dhul beereed ku fadhiya ilaa 18,000 KM square ah, Reer Yoonis waa midkamida beelaha [[Habar Jeclo|habarjeclo]] kuwa ugu balaadhan uguna saameynta badan waana [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|saldanada]] habarjeclo beelaha reeryoonis oo dega dhul aad u kala fog sida nugaal saraar guban xeeb bariga ilaa howdka dushiisa beeshu waxay degtaa wadanka somaliland gaar ahaan gobolada Togdheer Saraar Sool saaxil iyo sanaag waxaana kasoojeeda rag badan oo magac iyo maamuusba kulaha taarikhda somalida waxana kamid {{suldaan cali muuse yuusuf}} oo ahaa suldaanki ugu [[Reeryoonis|horeyay]] ee habarjeclo yeelato iyo wilkisa oo hada ah suldaanka habarjeclo {{suldaan cabdilahi suldaan cali}} waxa kalo kasoo jeeda kite fiqi oo aha abanduule inbadan tarikhdisa aad maqashen oo hogaminjiray colki soocane ee reeryonis , iyo abaanduule Caateeye Afkubo oo kamid ahaa raggii hogaamiyaasha ahaa ee talinayay waayo badan ilaa dabayaqadi qarnigi tagay. [[Ceelka caynaba]] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YF2NGVJld2o [[Xaafada cuqubo ee magaalada burco]] ==qaybaha ay u kala baxaaan reeryoonis== *1- [[Reeryoonis]] *yoonis *yoonis *2- [[Cismaan yoonis]] *2- [[maxamed yoonis]] *2- [[maxamed yoonis]] *3- [[looge maxamed]] *3- [[allamagan maxamed]] *3- [[looge maxamed]] *4- Faahiye looge *4- maxamed looge *3- Liibaan maxamed *3- Samatar maxamed *4- -Abtidoon liiban *4- Hagar liiban *4- Hagar liiban *5- Shire hagar (reer shire) *4- -Abtidoon liiban *5- Abokor abtidoon(reer abokor) *5- Muuuse abtidoon *5- Muuuse abtidoon *6- Faarax muuse(Faarax Jabane) *6- Guuleed muuse *6- Reer Guutaale muuse *3- [[allamagan maxamed]] *4-[[Hayiile Allamagan]] *4-[[Siciid Allamagan(reer siciid)]] *4-[[Kaliil allamagan]] *4-[[Xildiid Allamagan]] '''''(reer siciid)''''' siciid alamagan 🕳️muuse siciid 🕳️xasan siciid 🕳️ iiman siciid **4-Xildiid Allamagan *5-Wacays xildiid *5-Gadiid Xildiid *5-Gadiid Xildiid *6-Cali Gadiid *6-Colow Gadiid *6-Geedi Gadiid *6-Geedi Gadiid *7-Reer Faarax Geedi *7-Reer Faarax Geedi *8-Reer yuusuf faarax *8-Qodax faarax *8-Cartan faarax *8-Girni faarax *8-Salebaan faarax *8-Alaale Faarax *8-Ismacil faarax *8-Muuse faarax *2- [[Cismaan yoonis]] *3-[[maxamed cismaan]] *3- [[Bare Cismaan (reer bare)]] *4- axmed barre *4- barkad bare *4- faahiye bare *3- [[maxamed cismaan]] **4- [[cali maxamed]] **4- [[wacays maxamed (baale yaal)]] *4- [[cali maxamed]] **5- ibraahim cali **5- siciid cali **5- sahal cali **5- cabdi cali *[[wacays maxamed (baale yaal)]] **5- cilmi baal **5- caafi baale **5- samatar baale **5- muuse baale == Dhulka ay degaan reeryoonis. == '''Gobolka Togdheer''' 1 [[Burco]] 2 [[Fiqi ayuub]] 3 [[Jablehe]] 4 [[Higlo]] 5 [[Warta xooga]] i 6 [[degmada madaxyaweyn]] 7 [[Bali buraale]] 8 [[kaam reer colow]] 9 [[bali hayiile]] 7 Xood 8 Xayira 9 [[wiriir]] 10 [[food cadde]] '''Gobolka Saaxil''' 1 [[Berbera]] 2 Laasciidle 3 Beeyo-macaan 4 Gaha 5 Eldarad 6 [[Karin]] 7 [[Raaribuul]] 8 [[Conqor]] 9 [[Ceelbaxay]] 9 Gambaxo '''Gobolka-Sool/Saraar''' 1.Degmada [[Caynaba]] 2 .[[Habariheshay|Habari Heshay]] 3.[[Ceeldhaab]] 4.[[Buqdharkayn]] 5.Deg.[[War Idaad|Waridaad]] 6 Ceeldhaab 7 Deg. [[Dhanaano]] 8 Tukub 9 [[Barkada cali xirsi]] 10 Dhudhub Dhiilo 11 Kurwadne 12 Ceelahelay 13 Ceegaaar 14. Dhadhin Wiyileed 15.Dhoobaweyne 16.Dhallaamacune 17.Ballaadhis 18.Bali Godcarmo 19.Wiriir 20.Kalabaydh 21.Bali Cilmi 22.Balli Cali 23.Berkedda Gosha 24.Karinka Cabdi Xasan 25.Barqomaal 26.Deg.Ceelal 27.Xundhurgaal 28.Caromadow 29.Mashruuca 30.Muguca 31.Qoridheere 32.Gumburo Xanaageeyo Gobolka sanaag 1 laasmuuse 2 Baylah male 3. Haadla' 4. [[Ballanbaal]] 5.Ceel Cadde 6. Soddonley == Mujaahidinta beelaha Reeryoonis == Mujaahidiintii beelaha Rer yoonis inta an ka hayo wa intan waxase jira mujaahidiin kale o an cidi magacooda xafidin alle how naxariisto indhii dhimatay inta noola alle cimriga how dheereye 1. Muj : Saleebaan Maxamed Salaad ( reer-yoonis Cali Maxamed) 2. Muj : Abwaan aadan tarabi ( ree-yoonis cali maxamed) 3. muj : Aw-Cumar Ahmed Diriiye ( reer-yoonis reer barre) 4.Muj: Maxamed haybe x.ismaciil ( Reer-yoonis baale waceys caafi baale ) 5. Muj : Xuseen Saleeban Tarabi Ogle (Ifiso) (reer-yoonis Muuse baale) 6.Muj : korneel Xasan maxamed siciid (halataa) ( reer-yoonis reer bare) 7. Muj : Iliga dhiiga (reer-yoonis Allamagan) 8. Muj : siigo cir ( reer-yoonis looge) 9. Muj : Yuusuf jamac dirac Caqar (reer-yoonis Reer bare) 10. Muj : ilma jaamac ducaale mataanaha (Reer-yoonis Alamagan hayiinle) 11. Muj : indha case ( reer-yoonis Allamagan reer siciid) 12. Muj : Suufi ( reer-yoonis allamagan) 13. Muj : Cawil Xaashi Cali geri ( reer-yoonis cali maxamed) 14. Muj : Maxamuud Ayaanle Cartan ( reer-yoonis cali maxamed) 15. Muj : Qaliif sandheere ( reer yoonis bale wacays Musa Baale) 16. Muj : salaad jaamac diiriye baraar reer yoonis baale wacays cilmi baale 17. Muj : Cali Dirir xirsi reer yoonis baale wacays cilmi baale 18. Muj : biiq jareeye reer yoonis cali maxamed 19. Muj: cabdi dheere reer yoonis cali maxamed 20. Muj: Cisaaman Cabdillahi Siciid ( cismaan dheere) ( Reeryonis muuse baale) 21. Muj: Hurre xirsi gaani reer yoonis Reer Bare 22. Muj: Kayse Bigeeye reeryoonis muuse baale 23. Muj: Barre gadhyare Cilmi baale 24. Muj: Bilibili reer yoonis reer bare 25. Muj: tagoogo ina guuleed reer yoonis cali maxamed 26. Muj: aadan maxamed gabal reer yoonis cali maxamed 27. Daahir bidaar Maxamed warsame reer yoonis cali maxamed 28. Muj: aadan gefershe reer yoonis cali maxamed 29. Muj: isgal dubad cismaan reer yoonis cali maxamed 30. Muj: Qaaqani reer yoonis Rer bare 31. Muj: camiraaye reer yoonis cali maxamed 32. Muj: Tarabi Ogle Faarax muuse baale 33. Muj: cabdulaahi bulaale khayre reer yoonis cali maxamed 34. Muj: axmed bile caateeye (sanburo) reer yoonis cali maxamed 35. Muj: gowre reer yoonis baale wacays caafi baale 36. Muj: Yuusuf cali madoobe reer yoonis allamagan 37. Muj: cali geedi reer yoonis Allamagan 38. Muj: Laba iyo luqun reer yoonis reer barre 39. Muj: iskoris reer yoonis baale wacays caafi baale 40. Muj: hure ciise reer yoonis baale wacays caafi baale 39. Muj: maxamuud wadhaf looge maxamed 40. muj. amare Siciid cawl reer yoonis Cilmi baale 41. muj.Amare Cabdilaahi Dirir reer yoonis C.maxamed 42.Muj. Maxamed Maxamoud Xasan (sakaaro) reer yoonis cali 43. Muj.saleebaan cirro Cali waqooyi reer yoonis reer barre 44.Muj. Daud Axmed Hankar Reer yoonis Reer barre 45. bisad Daahir Qodax Reer Yonis Reer Barre 46.Muj. Axmed Cali Saxar (Tx)reer yoonis Alla magan 47. Muj jama Cali Saxar Reer yoonis alla magan 48. Muj. cabdi Geele Cagoole reer Yoonis Reer barre 49.Muj.Salebaan Diiriye Jibriil Reer yoonis Reer barre 50. Muj. maxamed Cumar (Wadhaa) reer Yoonis cali maxamed 51. Muj.Cirguje cilmi Falan Reer yoonis samatar baale 52. Muj. max'ed Saleban Jama (afweyne) reer yoonis cali maxamed 53.Muj.yuusuf jama nuur (Xodha) reer yoonis Muuse baale 54.Muj.Xarbi samatar Daqare reer yoonis Alla magan 55. Muj. Bile Jama Geedi reer yoonis Looge max'ed 56. Muj.Cawale Galaal Reer yoonis Alla magan 57. Muj. Cali Dirir Cali Reer yoonis Cali Maxamed 58. Muj. Haybe obsiinye Dhunkaal Reer yoonis reer barre 59.Muj. Xaaji Jaamac siciid Rer yoonis muuse baale 60. Muj. Caqil Cismaan Caano-nuug Reer yoonis caafi baale 61.Muj. Caqil Cabdi Caano-nuug Reer yoonis Caafi baale 62. Muj. c/laahi Jama Siciid Baydari Reer yoonis Cilmi baale 63. Muj.Gacan Cabilaahi Tukub Reer yoonis Cilmi baale 64. Muj. ibraahim cawil dhegonaw Taransite reer yonis Cali Maxamed 65. Muj. biindhe reer yoonis cilmi baale 66. Muj. Mursal Xaji Warsame Reer yoonis Reer Barre 67. Muj. Max'ud Saleban Jamac Baago Reer yoonis cali Maxamed 68. Cabdi Jama Magan reer Yoonis Caafi Baale 69. Aadan Ismaaciil Jamac jeenicade Rer yoonis Cali maxamed 70. Muj. Siciid Maxamed Dawaare muuse Baale 71. Muj nuux jaamac maxamed (nuux bidaar) [[looge maxamed]] 72. Muj siciid diiriye looge maxamed 73. Muj axmed ismacil haburburin [[looge maxamed]] 74. Muj calanle muuse maxamed [[Looge maxamed]] 75. Mujaahid maxamud ibraahim cadaan weyne [[Looge maxamed]] Ragaaasi dhamaan waxay ahaayeen ragii halaa dagaaladii ad adka e snm gashay : hadaba ku darso hadad hayso mujaahidiin muhiimo an ka tegey ama ilaawey :...........................................................................● == culimada ugu caansan iyo siyaasi hiinta beelaha Reeryoonis == 1: SH [[Cali Warsame]] sheekhal baladki magalada burco, 2: SH SICIID DUCAALE (AW SALAWAAD), 3. Dr Sh. Xasan Sheikh Cali Warsame, 4. Sh cabdi wahaab xaashi sheekha daawenta diinta iskamka geeska afrika, Siyaasiyiinta Caanka ah Ee Reer Yoonis 1.wasiir hore Ali saeed raygal 2.Wasiir Cismaan Abdilahi Jama ( Saylici) 2. AHN 3.[[korneyl Xasan Cabdi Khayre]] 4. AHN Wasiir Hore Abdilaahi Cali Ibaahim 5. Wasiir/Xildhibaan Maxamed Cabdi Xayir (mareeye) 6. Wasiir Hore Hinda Jaamac Xirsi Gaani 7. wasiir Salebaan Warsame Guuleed 8. Abdalle Ali saeed U doodaha Xuquuqda aadanaha Xildhibaanada Reer Yoonis 1.Ex Xil:Ibraahim Axmed Raygal (2005-2021) 2. AHN Ex Xil: Aadan Tarabi Oogle (2005-2013) 3. AHN Ex Xil:Faarax Maxamoud Abdulle (2005-2022) 4.AHN Ex Xil: Foodcade Cali Xasar (1993-2005) 5. AHN Ex Xil. Cismaan Maxamoud Jama (dawiil) 1991-2008 6.Xil. Cawil Cismaan Maxamoud (ina Dawiil)(2008-....) 7.Xil:Mustafe Axmed Cabdilahi (khayreeye)(2021..) 8. Xil: Maxamuud Xayir Ducaale (2021......) 9. Xil:Axmed Muuse Jaamac (2021...) '''Halgamaasha Caanka Ah Ee Reer Yoonis ''' 1. ibraahim Fiqi Yuusuf (Kitte) 2:Xeerbeegti Barre Maxamud Maxed (Barre gadh-dheere) 4.Xeer-beegti Cabdi Xasan aadan (cabdi kidaar) 5. Jaamac Warsame aadan (abaar) 6. Abaan duule [[Caateeye (afkubo)|caateeye afkubo]] == Fanka iyo Reeryoonis == '''Fanaaniinta Reer Yoonis''' 1. [[Saafi Ducaale Dhagaxay]] 3.Cabdi jaamac Diiriye (raamboo) 4. Sabirine Muuse 5. Abdale bidixo 6. Khadar rambo 7. Hibaaq Maxamed 8. Khaalid kaamil 9. Cabdirisaaq mahdi ducaale 8. abdifatax dhuxul == Ganacsatada Caanka Ah Ee Beesha Reer Yoonis == 1.[[Cabdi Indhadeero|Cabdi Cawed Cali (Indhadeero )]] alle haw Naxariisto 2. biyayse Alle haw naxariisto 3. Calanle Muuse Maxamed alle haw naxariistee 4. Cabdi Aadan Cismaan 5. Cabdi Cabdilaahi Warsame SH. Abdulhanan Ibrahim Warsame 6. Cabdirashiid Salaad Rooble <references />7. Dr Maxamed SH Ali Warsame 8. Cadnan Maxamad Casaayr 9 . Saleeban Dheere 10. Shiine bushaaro https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YF2NGVJld2o [[Muuse Abokor]] iq6m0i5fomeegd8sv69ydupb7ha5jlm 302192 302189 2026-07-13T11:44:19Z Dabayl 12159 302192 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sandalada habarjeclo reer yoonis.jpg]] {{Farac||group=REER YOONIS <br> رير يونس|flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}|region3={{flagcountry|Djibouti}}|region4={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]]|rels=[[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]])|related-c= [[biciide]], [[bahmajeelo]],[[buraale yoonis]], [[maxamed barre]], [[cali barre]], [[uduruxmiin muuse]], [[idarays muuse]] and other [[Muuse Abokor]] groups <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}}'''[[Reeryoonis]] yoonis''' ( [[Af-Ingiriisi]] '''REER YUNUS''' , [[Af-Carabi]] رير يونس , Magaca Oo Dhamaystiran: ''1-yoonis 2- yoonis 3- Cabdiraxmaan 4-muuse 5- abokor 6- jibrill 7-abokor 8-muuse 9- sh isxaaq'' ; sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''REER YOONIS''', ama '''Saldanada habar jeclo''' ) waa beel weyn oo Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan qoyska guud ee [[habarjeclo|beelweynta [[muuse abokor]], waxaana loo sii kala qaybiyay dhawr beelood oo ay ugu waaweyn yihiin [[maxamed yoonis]] iyo [[cismaan yoonis]]. <ref>Ciise Musse|Ciise Muuse</ref>.waxaana lagu qiyaasa ama ay ka kooban yihiin 120,000 oo qof waxayna ka tirsan yihiim beela weynta [[Muuse Abokor|muse abokor]]. [[Reeryoonis]] dhaqan ahaan wuxuu ka kooban yahay reer [[Reer guuraa|guuraa]] [[Xoolo|xoolaley]] , dadka [[Xeeb|xeebta]] deggan, [[Ganacsi|ganacsato]] iyo [[beeraley]] . Reer yoonis saameyn siyaasadeed iyo dhaqaale oo miisaan badan ayuu ku leeyahay [[Somaliland]], waxayna degan yihiin dhul xeebeed iyo dhul beereed ku fadhiya ilaa 18,000 KM square ah, Reer Yoonis waa midkamida beelaha [[Habar Jeclo|habarjeclo]] kuwa ugu balaadhan uguna saameynta badan waana [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|saldanada]] habarjeclo beelaha reeryoonis oo dega dhul aad u kala fog sida nugaal saraar guban xeeb bariga ilaa howdka dushiisa beeshu waxay degtaa wadanka somaliland gaar ahaan gobolada Togdheer Saraar Sool saaxil iyo sanaag waxaana kasoojeeda rag badan oo magac iyo maamuusba kulaha taarikhda somalida waxana kamid [[suldaan cali muuse yuusuf]] oo ahaa suldaanki ugu [[Reeryoonis|horeyay]] ee habarjeclo yeelato iyo wilkisa oo hada ah suldaanka habarjeclo [[suldaan cabdilahi suldaan cali]] waxa kalo kasoo jeeda kite fiqi oo aha abanduule inbadan tarikhdisa aad maqashen oo hogaminjiray colki soocane ee reeryonis , iyo abaanduule Caateeye Afkubo oo kamid ahaa raggii hogaamiyaasha ahaa ee talinayay waayo badan ilaa dabayaqadi qarnigi tagay. [[Ceelka caynaba]] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YF2NGVJld2o [[Xaafada cuqubo ee magaalada burco]] ==qaybaha ay u kala baxaaan reeryoonis== *1- [[Reeryoonis]] *yoonis *yoonis *2- [[Cismaan yoonis]] *2- [[maxamed yoonis]] *2- [[maxamed yoonis]] *3- [[looge maxamed]] *3- [[allamagan maxamed]] *3- [[looge maxamed]] *4- Faahiye looge *4- maxamed looge *3- Liibaan maxamed *3- Samatar maxamed *4- -Abtidoon liiban *4- Hagar liiban *4- Hagar liiban *5- Shire hagar (reer shire) *4- -Abtidoon liiban *5- Abokor abtidoon(reer abokor) *5- Muuuse abtidoon *5- Muuuse abtidoon *6- Faarax muuse(Faarax Jabane) *6- Guuleed muuse *6- Reer Guutaale muuse *3- [[allamagan maxamed]] *4-[[Hayiile Allamagan]] *4-[[Siciid Allamagan(reer siciid)]] *4-[[Kaliil allamagan]] *4-[[Xildiid Allamagan]] '''''(reer siciid)''''' siciid alamagan 🕳️muuse siciid 🕳️xasan siciid 🕳️ iiman siciid **4-Xildiid Allamagan *5-Wacays xildiid *5-Gadiid Xildiid *5-Gadiid Xildiid *6-Cali Gadiid *6-Colow Gadiid *6-Geedi Gadiid *6-Geedi Gadiid *7-Reer Faarax Geedi *7-Reer Faarax Geedi *8-Reer yuusuf faarax *8-Qodax faarax *8-Cartan faarax *8-Girni faarax *8-Salebaan faarax *8-Alaale Faarax *8-Ismacil faarax *8-Muuse faarax *2- [[Cismaan yoonis]] *3-[[maxamed cismaan]] *3- [[Bare Cismaan (reer bare)]] *4- axmed barre *4- barkad bare *4- faahiye bare *3- [[maxamed cismaan]] **4- [[cali maxamed]] **4- [[wacays maxamed (baale yaal)]] *4- [[cali maxamed]] **5- ibraahim cali **5- siciid cali **5- sahal cali **5- cabdi cali *[[wacays maxamed (baale yaal)]] **5- cilmi baal **5- caafi baale **5- samatar baale **5- muuse baale == Dhulka ay degaan reeryoonis. == '''Gobolka Togdheer''' 1 [[Burco]] 2 [[Fiqi ayuub]] 3 [[Jablehe]] 4 [[Higlo]] 5 [[Warta xooga]] i 6 [[degmada madaxyaweyn]] 7 [[Bali buraale]] 8 [[kaam reer colow]] 9 [[bali hayiile]] 7 Xood 8 Xayira 9 [[wiriir]] 10 [[food cadde]] '''Gobolka Saaxil''' 1 [[Berbera]] 2 Laasciidle 3 Beeyo-macaan 4 Gaha 5 Eldarad 6 [[Karin]] 7 [[Raaribuul]] 8 [[Conqor]] 9 [[Ceelbaxay]] 9 Gambaxo '''Gobolka-Sool/Saraar''' 1.Degmada [[Caynaba]] 2 .[[Habariheshay|Habari Heshay]] 3.[[Ceeldhaab]] 4.[[Buqdharkayn]] 5.Deg.[[War Idaad|Waridaad]] 6 Ceeldhaab 7 Deg. [[Dhanaano]] 8 Tukub 9 [[Barkada cali xirsi]] 10 Dhudhub Dhiilo 11 Kurwadne 12 Ceelahelay 13 Ceegaaar 14. Dhadhin Wiyileed 15.Dhoobaweyne 16.Dhallaamacune 17.Ballaadhis 18.Bali Godcarmo 19.Wiriir 20.Kalabaydh 21.Bali Cilmi 22.Balli Cali 23.Berkedda Gosha 24.Karinka Cabdi Xasan 25.Barqomaal 26.Deg.Ceelal 27.Xundhurgaal 28.Caromadow 29.Mashruuca 30.Muguca 31.Qoridheere 32.Gumburo Xanaageeyo Gobolka sanaag 1 laasmuuse 2 Baylah male 3. Haadla' 4. [[Ballanbaal]] 5.Ceel Cadde 6. Soddonley == Mujaahidinta beelaha Reeryoonis == Mujaahidiintii beelaha Rer yoonis inta an ka hayo wa intan waxase jira mujaahidiin kale o an cidi magacooda xafidin alle how naxariisto indhii dhimatay inta noola alle cimriga how dheereye 1. Muj : Saleebaan Maxamed Salaad ( reer-yoonis Cali Maxamed) 2. Muj : Abwaan aadan tarabi ( ree-yoonis cali maxamed) 3. muj : Aw-Cumar Ahmed Diriiye ( reer-yoonis reer barre) 4.Muj: Maxamed haybe x.ismaciil ( Reer-yoonis baale waceys caafi baale ) 5. Muj : Xuseen Saleeban Tarabi Ogle (Ifiso) (reer-yoonis Muuse baale) 6.Muj : korneel Xasan maxamed siciid (halataa) ( reer-yoonis reer bare) 7. Muj : Iliga dhiiga (reer-yoonis Allamagan) 8. Muj : siigo cir ( reer-yoonis looge) 9. Muj : Yuusuf jamac dirac Caqar (reer-yoonis Reer bare) 10. Muj : ilma jaamac ducaale mataanaha (Reer-yoonis Alamagan hayiinle) 11. Muj : indha case ( reer-yoonis Allamagan reer siciid) 12. Muj : Suufi ( reer-yoonis allamagan) 13. Muj : Cawil Xaashi Cali geri ( reer-yoonis cali maxamed) 14. Muj : Maxamuud Ayaanle Cartan ( reer-yoonis cali maxamed) 15. Muj : Qaliif sandheere ( reer yoonis bale wacays Musa Baale) 16. Muj : salaad jaamac diiriye baraar reer yoonis baale wacays cilmi baale 17. Muj : Cali Dirir xirsi reer yoonis baale wacays cilmi baale 18. Muj : biiq jareeye reer yoonis cali maxamed 19. Muj: cabdi dheere reer yoonis cali maxamed 20. Muj: Cisaaman Cabdillahi Siciid ( cismaan dheere) ( Reeryonis muuse baale) 21. Muj: Hurre xirsi gaani reer yoonis Reer Bare 22. Muj: Kayse Bigeeye reeryoonis muuse baale 23. Muj: Barre gadhyare Cilmi baale 24. Muj: Bilibili reer yoonis reer bare 25. Muj: tagoogo ina guuleed reer yoonis cali maxamed 26. Muj: aadan maxamed gabal reer yoonis cali maxamed 27. Daahir bidaar Maxamed warsame reer yoonis cali maxamed 28. Muj: aadan gefershe reer yoonis cali maxamed 29. Muj: isgal dubad cismaan reer yoonis cali maxamed 30. Muj: Qaaqani reer yoonis Rer bare 31. Muj: camiraaye reer yoonis cali maxamed 32. Muj: Tarabi Ogle Faarax muuse baale 33. Muj: cabdulaahi bulaale khayre reer yoonis cali maxamed 34. Muj: axmed bile caateeye (sanburo) reer yoonis cali maxamed 35. Muj: gowre reer yoonis baale wacays caafi baale 36. Muj: Yuusuf cali madoobe reer yoonis allamagan 37. Muj: cali geedi reer yoonis Allamagan 38. Muj: Laba iyo luqun reer yoonis reer barre 39. Muj: iskoris reer yoonis baale wacays caafi baale 40. Muj: hure ciise reer yoonis baale wacays caafi baale 39. Muj: maxamuud wadhaf looge maxamed 40. muj. amare Siciid cawl reer yoonis Cilmi baale 41. muj.Amare Cabdilaahi Dirir reer yoonis C.maxamed 42.Muj. Maxamed Maxamoud Xasan (sakaaro) reer yoonis cali 43. Muj.saleebaan cirro Cali waqooyi reer yoonis reer barre 44.Muj. Daud Axmed Hankar Reer yoonis Reer barre 45. bisad Daahir Qodax Reer Yonis Reer Barre 46.Muj. Axmed Cali Saxar (Tx)reer yoonis Alla magan 47. Muj jama Cali Saxar Reer yoonis alla magan 48. Muj. cabdi Geele Cagoole reer Yoonis Reer barre 49.Muj.Salebaan Diiriye Jibriil Reer yoonis Reer barre 50. Muj. maxamed Cumar (Wadhaa) reer Yoonis cali maxamed 51. Muj.Cirguje cilmi Falan Reer yoonis samatar baale 52. Muj. max'ed Saleban Jama (afweyne) reer yoonis cali maxamed 53.Muj.yuusuf jama nuur (Xodha) reer yoonis Muuse baale 54.Muj.Xarbi samatar Daqare reer yoonis Alla magan 55. Muj. Bile Jama Geedi reer yoonis Looge max'ed 56. Muj.Cawale Galaal Reer yoonis Alla magan 57. Muj. Cali Dirir Cali Reer yoonis Cali Maxamed 58. Muj. Haybe obsiinye Dhunkaal Reer yoonis reer barre 59.Muj. Xaaji Jaamac siciid Rer yoonis muuse baale 60. Muj. Caqil Cismaan Caano-nuug Reer yoonis caafi baale 61.Muj. Caqil Cabdi Caano-nuug Reer yoonis Caafi baale 62. Muj. c/laahi Jama Siciid Baydari Reer yoonis Cilmi baale 63. Muj.Gacan Cabilaahi Tukub Reer yoonis Cilmi baale 64. Muj. ibraahim cawil dhegonaw Taransite reer yonis Cali Maxamed 65. Muj. biindhe reer yoonis cilmi baale 66. Muj. Mursal Xaji Warsame Reer yoonis Reer Barre 67. Muj. Max'ud Saleban Jamac Baago Reer yoonis cali Maxamed 68. Cabdi Jama Magan reer Yoonis Caafi Baale 69. Aadan Ismaaciil Jamac jeenicade Rer yoonis Cali maxamed 70. Muj. Siciid Maxamed Dawaare muuse Baale 71. Muj nuux jaamac maxamed (nuux bidaar) [[looge maxamed]] 72. Muj siciid diiriye looge maxamed 73. Muj axmed ismacil haburburin [[looge maxamed]] 74. Muj calanle muuse maxamed [[Looge maxamed]] 75. Mujaahid maxamud ibraahim cadaan weyne [[Looge maxamed]] Ragaaasi dhamaan waxay ahaayeen ragii halaa dagaaladii ad adka e snm gashay : hadaba ku darso hadad hayso mujaahidiin muhiimo an ka tegey ama ilaawey :...........................................................................● == culimada ugu caansan iyo siyaasi hiinta beelaha Reeryoonis == 1: SH [[Cali Warsame]] sheekhal baladki magalada burco, 2: SH SICIID DUCAALE (AW SALAWAAD), 3. Dr Sh. Xasan Sheikh Cali Warsame, 4. Sh cabdi wahaab xaashi sheekha daawenta diinta iskamka geeska afrika, Siyaasiyiinta Caanka ah Ee Reer Yoonis 1.wasiir hore Ali saeed raygal 2.Wasiir Cismaan Abdilahi Jama ( Saylici) 2. AHN 3.[[korneyl Xasan Cabdi Khayre]] 4. AHN Wasiir Hore Abdilaahi Cali Ibaahim 5. Wasiir/Xildhibaan Maxamed Cabdi Xayir (mareeye) 6. Wasiir Hore Hinda Jaamac Xirsi Gaani 7. wasiir Salebaan Warsame Guuleed 8. Abdalle Ali saeed U doodaha Xuquuqda aadanaha Xildhibaanada Reer Yoonis 1.Ex Xil:Ibraahim Axmed Raygal (2005-2021) 2. AHN Ex Xil: Aadan Tarabi Oogle (2005-2013) 3. AHN Ex Xil:Faarax Maxamoud Abdulle (2005-2022) 4.AHN Ex Xil: Foodcade Cali Xasar (1993-2005) 5. AHN Ex Xil. Cismaan Maxamoud Jama (dawiil) 1991-2008 6.Xil. Cawil Cismaan Maxamoud (ina Dawiil)(2008-....) 7.Xil:Mustafe Axmed Cabdilahi (khayreeye)(2021..) 8. Xil: Maxamuud Xayir Ducaale (2021......) 9. Xil:Axmed Muuse Jaamac (2021...) '''Halgamaasha Caanka Ah Ee Reer Yoonis ''' 1. ibraahim Fiqi Yuusuf (Kitte) 2:Xeerbeegti Barre Maxamud Maxed (Barre gadh-dheere) 4.Xeer-beegti Cabdi Xasan aadan (cabdi kidaar) 5. Jaamac Warsame aadan (abaar) 6. Abaan duule [[Caateeye (afkubo)|caateeye afkubo]] == Fanka iyo Reeryoonis == '''Fanaaniinta Reer Yoonis''' 1. [[Saafi Ducaale Dhagaxay]] 3.Cabdi jaamac Diiriye (raamboo) 4. Sabirine Muuse 5. Abdale bidixo 6. Khadar rambo 7. Hibaaq Maxamed 8. Khaalid kaamil 9. Cabdirisaaq mahdi ducaale 8. abdifatax dhuxul == Ganacsatada Caanka Ah Ee Beesha Reer Yoonis == 1.[[Cabdi Indhadeero|Cabdi Cawed Cali (Indhadeero )]] alle haw Naxariisto 2. biyayse Alle haw naxariisto 3. Calanle Muuse Maxamed alle haw naxariistee 4. Cabdi Aadan Cismaan 5. Cabdi Cabdilaahi Warsame SH. Abdulhanan Ibrahim Warsame 6. Cabdirashiid Salaad Rooble <references />7. Dr Maxamed SH Ali Warsame 8. Cadnan Maxamad Casaayr 9 . Saleeban Dheere 10. Shiine bushaaro https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YF2NGVJld2o [[Muuse Abokor]] qcotdoun40vl6vovct5q56wf41xd2wq 0 41150 302010 270611 2026-07-12T15:01:17Z ~2026-39579-22 46473 302010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Af Lingala | altname = Ngala | nativename = ''Lingála'' | states = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] | region = Webiga Kongo | speakers = [[first language|L1]]: {{sigfig|20.522160|2}} milyan | date = 2021 | speakers2 = [[Second language|L2]]: {{sigfig|20.014140|2}} milyan (2021) | speakers_label = Speakers | familycolor = Niger-Congo | fam2 = Atlaantik–Kongo | fam3 = Benue–Kongo | fam4 = Bantoid Koonfur | fam5 = Bantu (Soone C) | fam6 = Bangi–Ntomba (C.30) | fam7 = Bangi–Moi | fam8 = Bangi | dia1 = Bangala | nation = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] | iso1 = ln | iso2 = lin | iso3 = lin | glotto = ling1269 | glottorefname = Lingala-Bangala | lingua = 99-AUI-f | guthrie = C30B | script = [[African Reference Alphabet]] ([[Latin script|Latin]]), [[Mandombe script]] | map = LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png | mapcaption = Meelaha laga hadlo Af Lingala<br/> Kuwa afka hooyo u yahay (cagaar mugdi ah)<br/> Meelaha laga tira badan yahay (cagaar khafiif ah) }} '''Af Lingala''' ama '''Ngala''' ama '''Lingála''' waa [[Luuqad (Af)|luqad]] laga hadlo [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]], [[Angola]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]]. =Qoraal Tusaale= ====Laga soo qaaday [[Baaqa Caalamiga ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha]]==== ====Tarjumad==== Aadanaha dhammaantiis wuxuu dhashaa isagoo xor ah kana siman xagga sharafta iyo xuquuqada Waxaa Alle (Ilaah) siiyay aqoon iyo wacyi, waana in qof la arkaa qofka kale ula dhaqmaa si walaaltinimo ah. =Tixraac= {{reflist}} [[Category: Afafka]] cnnvy9piqlbx4zctgde3r5oqy6ywc3e 302016 302010 2026-07-12T22:44:06Z ~2026-39334-13 46478 Noqay bedelaadka [[Special:Diff/302010|302010]] ee sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/~2026-39579-22|~2026-39579-22]] ([[User talk:~2026-39579-22|hadal]]) 302016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Af Lingala | altname = Ngala | nativename = ''Lingála'' | states = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] | region = Webiga Kongo | speakers = [[first language|L1]]: {{sigfig|20.522160|2}} milyan | date = 2021 | speakers2 = [[Second language|L2]]: {{sigfig|20.014140|2}} milyan (2021) | speakers_label = Speakers | familycolor = Niger-Congo | fam2 = Atlaantik–Kongo | fam3 = Benue–Kongo | fam4 = Bantoid Koonfur | fam5 = Bantu (Soone C) | fam6 = Bangi–Ntomba (C.30) | fam7 = Bangi–Moi | fam8 = Bangi | dia1 = Bangala | nation = [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]] | iso1 = ln | iso2 = lin | iso3 = lin | glotto = ling1269 | glottorefname = Lingala-Bangala | lingua = 99-AUI-f | guthrie = C30B | script = [[African Reference Alphabet]] ([[Latin script|Latin]]), [[Mandombe script]] | map = LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png | mapcaption = Meelaha laga hadlo Af Lingala<br/> Kuwa afka hooyo u yahay (cagaar mugdi ah)<br/> Meelaha laga tira badan yahay (cagaar khafiif ah) }} '''Af Lingala''' ama '''Ngala''' ama '''Lingála''' waa [[Luuqad (Af)|luqad]] laga hadlo [[Jamhuuriyada Dimuqaraadiga Kongo]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]], [[Angola]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrika]]. =Qoraal Tusaale= ====Laga soo qaaday [[Baaqa Caalamiga ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha]]==== Bato nyonso na mbotama bazali nzomi pe bakokani na limemya pe makoki. Bazali na mayele pe base, geli kofanda na bondeko okati na bango.<ref>https://www.omniglot.com/writing/lingala.htm</ref> ====Tarjumad==== Aadanaha dhammaantiis wuxuu dhashaa isagoo xor ah kana siman xagga sharafta iyo xuquuqada Waxaa Alle (Ilaah) siiyay aqoon iyo wacyi, waana in qof la arkaa qofka kale ula dhaqmaa si walaaltinimo ah. =Tixraac= {{reflist}} [[Category: Afafka]] 7gipx9ogtleo5z86jy8wwx6nqmyus50 0 41628 302006 296103 2026-07-12T12:17:33Z ~2026-39464-29 46470 /* */ 302006 wikitext text/x-wiki Sheekhaal Guudle waa farac ka tirsan beelaha Sheekhaal, oo iyaduna ka mid ah beelaha Soomaaliyeed. === Asalka iyo Taariikhda: === * Sheekhaal Guudle waxa ay kamid tahay beelaha Sheekhaal, kuwaas oo leh faracyo kala duwan sida: Sheekhaal Looboge, Sheekhaal Gendershe, Sheekhaal Aw Qudub,Sheekhaal jasiira,iwm. * Guudle waa beel ka mid beelaha Sheekhaal ee ku abtirsado Faqi Cumar, waxayna deggaan gobolo ka mid ah gobolada Soomaaliya, sida: ** '''Shabeellaha Dhexe''' ** '''Shabeellaha Hoose''' ** '''Muqdisho''' ** Qaar ka mid ah gobollada Jubbooyinka iyo Bay/Bakool === Dhaqan iyo Diin: === * Sida beelaha kale, Sheekhaal-Guudle waa dad caan ku ah diinta Islaamka, waxaana jira culimo iyo wadaaddo kasoo jeeda beeshan. * Sheekhaal Guudle waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen fidinta diinta iyo barbaarinta bulshada Soomaaliyeed ee xagga diinta. === Siyaasad iyo Bulsho: === * Beesha Sheekhaal Guudle waxay ka mid yihiin beelaha Soomaaliyeed ee door ka ciyaara arrimaha bulshada iyo siyaasadda,waxayna qeyb ka aheyd dhisida dowlad-goboleedka hirshabeelle,waxayna ku leedahey kursi ka mid ah kuraasta baarlamaanka iyo wasiir ka mid ah wasiirada xukuumada hirshabeelle. * Qaar ka mid ah xubnaha beesha ayaa ka soo baxay xagga maamulka, waxbarashada,ganacsiga, iyo cilmiga beeraha. 3ms991vzca0hzx2f1yvo12vnl6tuflx 0 41696 302000 301746 2026-07-12T12:00:44Z ~2026-39386-42 46464 /* Saltanate */ 302000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac | | group = Eidagale <br> عيدَ جلي | image= |region1={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}} |region2={{flagcountry|Somaliland}} | langs = [[Somali]] | rels = [[Islam]] | related-c =Isaaq and Other,clan. }} '''Ciidagale''' (English: Eidagale'','' Arabic: عيدَ جلي''',''' Full Name: Daoud-Eidagalle) Waa beel kamida beelwaynta Isaaq.Beeshu waxa ay rasmi ahaan u deggaan Gobollada Maroodijeex iyo Togdheer ee Somaliland iyo Dalka Ethiopia. ==Baahsanaanta== Eidagalle waa beel ka tirsan beelaha Isaaq. Waxay degaan tiro badan ku leeyihiin gobolka Maroodi Jeex ee Somaliland, gaar ahaan magaalada Hargeysa (dhinacyadeeda dhexe iyo koonfur-bari), iyo degmada Salaxley . Intaa waxaa dheer, Ciidagale waxay sidoo kale si weyn ugu baahsan yihiin dalka ee Itoobiya, gaar ahaan degmooyinka Daroor,iyo Awaare. Beesha Eedagaale waxay leedahay laamo hoose oo ay ka mid yihiin Mohamed Daoud (Guuyoobe), kuwaas oo degan degmada Oodweyne ee gobolka Togdheer. Sidoo kale, qayb ka mid ah beesha ayaa si taariikhi ah ugu nool waddanka Kenya, halkaas oo ay ka yihiin qayb muhiim ah oo si wayn looyaqaano loona ixtiraamo, laguna magaacabo Isahakia.<ref>Waal, Alexander De (1993). "Violent deeds live on: landmines in Somalia and Somaliland, p. 63"</ref><ref>Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa. <nowiki>ISBN 9781315308173</nowiki>.</ref> ==Tariikhda (History)== ===Xiliyadii Dhexe (Medieval period) === Taariikh ahaan, beesha Ciidagale waxay ka mid ahayd beelihii ka qayb galay dagaalladii lagu qaaday boqortooyadii Xabashida waxayna hoos tagi jireen [https://so.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saldanadii_Cadal Saldanaddii Adal]. Waxay si gaar ah ugu xusan yihiin buugga ''Futuh al-Habash'' (Futuxul Xabash) oo lagu tilmaamay in beelahaasi yihiin ''Habar Magaadle''. Habar Magaadle waxaa laga soo saaray halyeeygii taariikhiga ahaa ee Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen, oo ahaa gacanta midig ee Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Ciidagale—gaar ahaan beesha [[Abokor muuse|Abokor Muse]]—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo, taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha , gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada Herar. Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen Magalada zelia.</blockquote>jifo kale oo muhiim ah oo ka tirsana laanta Cabdiraxmaan Muuse, kaasoo ka qayb qaatay dagaladii Axmed Gurey , waxaa lagu nanaysaa Gashaanbuur oo ah Hussein Abokor Matan, oo ah geesiyadii ka qaybqaatay dagalkii iyo difaciiba Axmarada ee Axmed Gurey . Cilmibaare I. M. Lewis wuxuu xusay in jiray laba Axmed Gurey oo la isku khalday: <blockquote>Buuggu wuxuu tilmaamayaa laba Axmed oo loogu yeero ‘midig-la’. Mid waxaa lagu magacaabaa "Axmed Gurey Soomaali", oo loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay Axmed Gurey Xuseen, hogaamiye ka tirsanaa Habar Magaadle. Midka kalena waxaa loogu yeeraa “Iimaam Axmed”. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in labadaas Axmed la isku khalday oo laga dhigay hal halyeey oo kali ah.<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). *Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982*. KARTHALA Editions. ISBN 9782845864924.</ref></blockquote> Qabriga Sheekh Aw Barkhadle oo u dhexeeya [[Berbera]] iyo [[Hargeysa]] wuxuu ahaa goob barakeysan oo beelaha ''Isaaq'' iyo Eidagalleh ay u adeegsadeen dhaarista, heshiisiinta iyo xallinta khilaafaadka. Beesha Ciidagale, oo ka mid ah hogaamiyeyaasha dhaqanka, ayaa door muhiim ah ka qaadatay maamulka goobtan barakeysan.Gaar ahaan, goobtan waxaa miisaan weyn ku lahaa Salaadiinta iyo Ugaasyada dhaqanka. Beelaha si gaar ah uga qayb qaatay ilaalinta sharafta iyo shaqada goobta barakeysan ee Aw Barkhadle waxaa ka mid ahayd beesha Ciidagale. Ciidagale waxay caan ku ahaayeen geesinimadooda dagaal iyo hibadooda suugaaneed, waxayna sidoo kale hayeen xilka qiimaha badan ee ah dhexdhexaadiyeyaal iyo ilaalinayaal dhaqanka xeerka Soomaalida. Odayaasha la qadariyo ee beesha ayaa inta badan guddoomin jiray dhaarista heshiisyada iyo xallinta muranada lagu qabto Aw Barkhadle, si loo ilaaliyo heshiisyada loona sugo nabadda iyo wada noolaanshaha bulshada <blockquote>Marka la kulmo arrin adag oo saameynaysa beelaha Isaaq , waxaa la keenaa waraaq si gaar ah loo ilaaliyo oo yaalla qabriga, kuna saxiixan yahay Bilaal, addoonkii Khaliifadii hore. Dhaaro cusub ayaa lagu kala qaadayaa. Sannadkii 1846, waxa la keenay Berbera oo ay wateen beesha Ciidagale, halkaas oo beelaha Aala Axmed iyo Aala Yuusuf ku dhaarteen inay nabad ku noolaadaan.<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref></blockquote>Eidagale waxay si dhaqameed u lahaayeen doorka hoggaaminta gudaha iyo nabadeynta khilaafaadka, iyagoo lagu yaqaan xigmadda iyo kartida suugaanta. Xeer-beegti iyo gabyaa caan ah ayaa kasoo jeeda, waxaana ay adeegsadaan xeer-Soomaaliyeed, dood furan iyo gabayo si ay u xalliyaan ismaandhaafka. Duqeyda beesha waxay inta badan ahaayeen garsoorayaal dhexdhexaad ah marka ay colaado ka dhex qarxaan beelaha walaalaha ah. Aw Barkhadle ayaa mar walba ahayd goobta ugu sarreysa ee dhaar iyo heshiis lagu sameeyo. Hoggaamiyeyaasha Eidagale ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaari jiray dhexdhexaadinta khilaafaadka u dhexeeya beelaha—iyagoo noqday kuwa isku xira kooxaha is haya oo nabad ka dhex abuura. Mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu barakeysan ee heshiisyada nabadeed lagu gaari jiray wuxuu ahaa quduuska Aw Barkhadle, oo ku yaalla inta u dhexeysa Berbera iyo Hargeysa. Halkaas ayaa lagu dhaaran jiray, iyadoo la isticmaalayo agab quduus ah, waxaana lagu xoojin jiray heshiisyo nabadeed oo waara—taasoo muujinaysa kaalinta ay Eidagale ku lahaayeen ilaalinta dhaqanka iyo sharciga.<blockquote>Xilliyada khatarta dibadda ah, sida soo galootiga gumaysiga ama dagaallada beelaha, Eidagale waxay si degdeg ah isu abaabuli jireen una midoobi jireen difaaca dhulkooda, iyagoo noqda ilaalayaasha deegaankooda. Dhaqankaas qotoda dheer ee hoggaaminta iyo dhexdhexaadinta waxaa si muuqata u matalayey halyeyaal sida Suldaan Cabdillaahi Dheria, kaasoo saameyn weyn ku lahaa dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad iyo billowgii qarnigii 20aad—wuxuuna astaan u ahaa sii socoshada awoodda Eidagale ee xagga maamulka dhaqanka iyo dhexdhexaadinta beelaha.</blockquote> Dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad iyo billowgii qarnigii 20aad, Suldaan Cabdillaahi Dheria wuxuu ka soo dhex baxay isagoo noqday mid ka mid ah madax-dhaqameedyadii ugu magaca dheeraa beesha Isaaq, gaar ahaan beesha Eidagale. Waxaa si weyn loogu xusuustaa xikmaddiisa iyo kartidiisa dhexdhexaadin, wuxuuna door muhiim ah ka qaatay xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta xeerka Soomaalida, iyo maareynta xiriirka lala lahaa gumaystihii Ingiriiska. Hoggaamintiisu waxay xoojisay nidaamka dhaqameed xilli ay jireen isbeddello siyaasadeed oo waaweyn. Maanta, dhaxalkiisii hoggaamineed si weyn ayaa looga xurmeynayaa guud ahaan Somaliland. Eidagale waxay caan ku ahaayeen xirfaddooda fardo-fuulka, waxaana weeraradoodii xoogga badnaa ay gaadhi jireen laga bilaabo xeebta ilaa gudaha dalka. Sida uu sheegay Carlos Swayne, oo dhex maray Somaliland dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad, Eidagale waxay ka mid ahaayeen beelaha ugu jecel weerarada: <blockquote>“Beelaha ku dhow xeebta waqooyi ee ugu jecel weerarada waxay u muuqdaan inay yihiin Habr Awal, Eidagale, iyo Habr Gerhajis.”<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia. p. 40.</ref></blockquote> Marka laga soo tago xirfaddooda fardo-fuulka, Eidagale sidoo kale waxay caan ku yihiin fasahaaddooda suugaanta dhaqanka Soomaalida, gaar ahaan gabayga. Waxay soo saareen gabayaaal caan ah sida Xasan Tarabi iyo Elmi Boodhari. Taariikh ahaan, Eidagale waxaa beelaha kale ee Soomaaliyeed u aqoonsanaayeen khubaro suugaanta gabayga:<ref>Diriye, p. 75.</ref> <blockquote> “Beelaha Soomaaliyeed dhexdeeda, Eidagale waxaa lagu yaqaan khubarnimada tirinta gabayada. Hal gabyaa oo ka tirsan Eidagale laga yaabee inuusan ka heer sarreyn gabyaa wanaagsan oo beel kale ah, laakiin Eidagale waxay u muuqdaan inay gabyaaal badan ka jiraan marka loo eego beelaha kale. ‘Haddii aad halkaan keento boqol nin oo Eidagale ah,’ ayuu ii sheegay Hersi Jaamac, ‘oo aad waydiiso kee gabaygiisa tirin kara, sagaashan iyo shan baa tirin kara. Inta kale weli way baranayaan.’”<ref>Laurance, Margaret. A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref></blockquote> [[File:HargeisaCloseup1885.png|thumb|250px|Close-up of an 1885 Royal Geographical Society map, showing Hargeisa (Harrer-es-Sagheer) as well as the Eidagale subtribe (Eed-a-galleh) residing within and around the town. The Naasa Hablood hills (Nas Hubla) can also be seen in the map.<ref>Royal Geographical Society map, 1885. British Library Archives.</ref>]] Qarnigyo badan, beesha Eidagale waxay door muhiim ah ku lahayd ganacsigii geela ee fog ee Soomaaliyeed. Ganacsatada Eidagale waxay ka soo heli jireen agabyo kala duwan gobolka Soomaalida ee dhulka hadda loo yaqaan Itoobiya, sida xoolaha, malmalka (acacia gum), muxurta (myrrh), iyo subagga, kuwaas oo markii dambe loo dhoofin jiray Koonfurta Carabta. Ganacsatada karavaanka ee Eidagale waxay aasaaseen xarumo ganacsi oo muhiim ah gudaha dalka, kuwaas oo ay ka mid tahay magaalada casriga ah ee Hargeysa, taasoo la aasaasay qarnigii 19aad, kana ahayd meel isgoys ah oo u dhexeysa Berbera iyo gudaha Soomaalida.Hargeysa waxaa asal ahaan loo aasaasay bartamaha qarnigii 19aad si ay u noqoto xarun karavaan oo xiriirisa Berbera iyo gudaha.<ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of African Languages|date=1963|publisher=University of Michigan Press|pages=27|language=english}}</ref><ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia. p. 96.</ref> Qayb dhownaata oo laga qaaday khariidaddii 1885 ee ay daabacday Royal Geographical Society ayaa si cad u muujinaysa joogitaanka dhuleed ee beesha Eidagale. Khariidaddu waxay calaamadaynaysaa magaalada Hargeysa (oo ku qoran ''Harrer-es-Sagheer''), iyadoo beesha Eidagale loogu yeedhay ''Eed-a-galleh'' kuna muujisan inay deggan yihiin gudaha iyo nawaaxiga deegaankaas. Buuraleyda Naasa Hablood, oo khariidadda lagu qoray ''Nas Hubla'', sidoo kale waa lagu sawiray, taasoo xoojinaysa isku xirka juqraafiyeed iyo dhaqan ee beesha Eidagale ee gobolkaasi.<ref>Royal Geographical Society map, 1885. British Library Archives.</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Eidagale waxaa si weyn loogu yaqaannaa xirfaddooda suugaanta, gaar ahaan gabayga, kaas oo kaalin weyn ku leh aqoonsigooda iyo dhaqankooda. Waxaa lagu tiriyaa dad xigmadda iyo hadal-fasahaadda ku caan baxay, iyagoo gabayga u adeegsada sidii ay u xafidi lahaayeen taariikhda, u gudbin lahaayeen qiimaha bulsheed, una xallin lahaayeen khilaafaadka. Waxaa hadal caan ah oo laga dhex maqlo odhanaya: "Nin aan gabayn karin weli ma dhalan." Tani waxay muujinaysaa sida gabaygu uga yahay laf-dhabar aqoonta iyo wada-noolaanshaha bulshada Eidagale.</blockquote> Marka laga soo tago hidda-sugaaneedkooda, beesha Eidagale waxay sidoo kale caan ku yihiin xirfadda xoolo-dhaqatada, gaar ahaan dhaqashada geela, oo ah tiirka ugu weyn ee dhaqaalahooda iyo noloshooda reer guuraanimada. Geelu wuxuu leeyahay qiimo weyn, wuxuuna astaan u yahay hanti, sharaf, iyo adkaysi. Khibraddooda dheer ee ku saabsan dhaqashada iyo daryeelka geela waxay ka tarjumaysaa aqoon jiilal badan soo jirtay, taasoo ka dhigaysa dad si heer sare ah u yaqaan sida loo ilaaliyo loona kobciyo xoolaha. Isku dhafka suugaantooda afka ah iyo xirfaddooda xoolo-dhaqatada ayaa ah labada tiir ee ugu waaweyn ee dhaxalka dhaqameed ee beesha Eidagale—waa hiddo soo jireen ah oo qoto dheer leh, taasoo weli si xooggan u qeexaysa aqoonsigooda jiilba jiil. An image illustrating 19th-century trade: Beesha Eidagale waxay si weyn ugaga qayb qaadatay ganacsiga guud ee geela iyo agabka dabiiciga ah ee gobolka. Karavaannadii ka yimid gudaha gudaha ayaa halkan ku degi jiray, iyagoo ka ganacsan jiray muxur, malmal, subag iyo xoolo, taasoo Berbera ka dhigtay xarun ganacsi oo istiraatiiji ah oo u xiriiriya gudaha iyo suuqyada caalamiga ah. <blockquote>Soomaalida beesha Eidagale ayaa ka yimaada Ogaadeen iyagoo wata baallo, muxur, malmal, ari, lo’, iyo subag; beddelkeedna waxay ka qaataan dhar jumlo ah. Xilligiiba afar jeer ayay safarradan samaynayaan. Ma joogaan wax ka badan hal bil, intay joogaanna waxay la deggan yihiin reerahooda, cunadoodana waxay ku cunaan makhbaza, ama goobaha cuntada lagu wada cuno.<ref>Hunter, Frederick (1877). An Account of the British Settlement of Aden in Arabia*. Cengage Gale. p. 41.</ref></blockquote> ==Clan tree== A summarized family tree of the Eidagalle Clan is presented below.<ref name="survey 147">Hunt, John A. (1951). A general survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950. Wayback Machine (archived 2 February 2022). p. 147.</ref> *Daoud(Eidagalle) **[[Maxamed Daoud|Mohamed Daoud]] ***Egal Mohamed (Rer Cigal) ***Ali Mohamed (Rer Afwayne) ***Urkurag Mohamed ****Ali Urkurag *****Fiqi Sa'ad Ali *****Mahamoud Ali *****Ahmed Ali *****Ismail Ali ******Ali Ismail *******Osman Ali (Rer Osman) *******Jama Ali *******Geedi Ali (Rer Aw) *******Yonis Ali *******Ileiye Ali *******Hagga Ali *******Nuh Ali ********Ali Nuh *******Aden Ali ********Guled Aden ********Ali Aden *******Roble Ali (Rer Rooble) ********Hassan Roble *********Jibril Hassan **********Aden Jibril **********Mohamed Jibril *********Deria Hassan **********Mohamed Deria **********Hussein Deria ********Ali Roble *********Warfa Ali *********Farah Ali **********Hassan Farah *********Abdalle Ali *******Abdalle Ali ********Geedi Abdalle (Rer Geedi) ********Mohamed Abdalle (Rer Mohamed) **Abokor Daoud ***Bilaal Abokor ****Mohamed Bilal *****Egal Mohamed *****Hassan Mohamed *****Farah Mohamed *****Yusuf Mohamed *****Wais Mohamed *****Roble Mohamed *****Egal Mohamed *****Abdi Mohamed ******Geedi Abdi ******Aden Abdi ******Mohamed Aden ******Hassan Abdi *****Abdalle Mohamed ******Samter Abdalle ******Hussein Abdalle ******Abane Abdalle ******Mohamed Abdalle ******Wais Abdalle ******Hasan Abdalle ***Isse Abokor ****Dualeh Isse *****Musa Dualeh *****Mohamed Dualeh *****Deria Duleh *****Egal Dualeh *****Essa Dualeh *****Roble Dualeh *****Samter Duleh *****Farah Dualeh ****Hassan Isse *****Afi Hassan *****Hujale Hassan *****Abar Hassan *****Yusuf Hassan *****Shire Hassan *****Mohamed Hassan *****Warfa Hassan *****Barre Hassan *****Egal Hassan *****Mohamed Hassan ***Abokor Muuse ****Saleiban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Aralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Waisleh Osman **************Mahamoud Wais **************Arralleh Wais **************Hussein wais **************Saleiban Wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arreh Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Hassan Abokor ***********Muuse Hassan ***********Laqshe Hassan ***********Basiralle Hassan ***********Dhimbil Hassan ************Mohammed Dhimbil *************Musa Mohamed **************Adawe Muuse ***************Absiye Adawe ***************Allamagn Adawe ***************Yusuf Adawe ***************Liban Adawe ***************Roble Adawe ***************Osman Adawe ***************Egal Adawe ***************Wais Adawe **************Aden Muuse ***************Had Adan ***************Roble Aden ***************Abane Aden ***************Ali Aden ***************Wais Aden ***************Burale Aden ***************Geedi Aden ***************Boqorre Aden ****************Sugulle Boqore ****************Liban Boqorre ****************Warfa Boqorre ****************Koshin Boqorre ****************Shiekhdon Boqorre *************Mucawiye Mohamed **************Samter Muawiye **************Ali Muawiye *************Fatah Mohamed **************Awarre Fatah **************Mohamed Fatah **************Hassan Fatah **************Cisman fatah *************Gled (Wardon) Mohamed **************Hussein Guled **************Egal Guled **************Yusuf Guled **************Roble Guled **************Abdi Guled **************Elmi Guled **************Samter Guled ************Muuse Dhimbil *************Mahamoud Muuse **************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Suldan Shirdon ***************Geele Shirdon ***************Osman Shirdon ***************Egal Shirdon ***************Mohamed Shirdon ***************Yusuf Shirdon **************Hildiid Mohamoud ***************Ali Hildiid ***************Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) ****************Odawa Geedi *****************Odawa Odawa *****************Mahamoud Odawa ****************Geele Geedi ****************Nour(Shire) Geedi ****************Haji Dirie Geedi ****************Samter Geedi ****************Ahmed Geedi ****************Ali Geedi ****************Roble Geedi ***************Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ****************Ali Hersi ****************Guled Hersi ****************Egal Hersi ****************Aden Hersi ****************Mahamoud Hersi ****************Fahiye Hersi *****************Roble Fahiye ******************Elmi Roble ******************Jama Elmi ******************Ali Elmi *****************Rage Roble *****************Elmi Rage ******************Wais Rage ******************Geedi Rage ******************Hersi Rage *************Abdalleh Muuse **************Jibirl Abdalle ***************Siad Jibril ****************Wais Siad ****************Abdalle Siad ***************Kalil Jibirl ***************Ali kalil ****************Said Ali ****************Koshin Ali ****************Boqorreh Ali ***************Saeed Jibril ****************Abdi Said *****************Abdalle Abdi *****************Roble Abdi ***************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ****************Wais Aden ****************Benin Aden ****************Nur Aden ****************Muse Aden ****************Samter Aden ****************Abdalle Aden ****************Jama Aden ****************Eileie Adan ****************Barre Aden ****************Ibrahim Aden ****************Khalaf Aden ****************Ali Aden ****************Adan Aden *****************Ahmed Aden *****************Eiye Aden ***************Abdi Jibril ****************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) *****************Abdalle Ali ******************Musa Abdalle *****************Hussein Ali *****************Jama Hussien *****************Nour Hussein *****************Farah Hussien *****************Wa'ays Hussein *****************Hersi Hussien ******************Muhumad Hersi ******************Abdi Hersi ******************Ali Hersi ******************Aidid Hersi *****************Mumin Ali ******************Egal Mumin ******************Jama Mumin ******************Urmah Mumin *******************Dhible Urmah *******************Ismail Urmah *****************Naleye Ali ******************Jama Naleye ******************Dualeh Naleye ******************Warfa Naleye ******************Abdi Naleye ******************Egal Naleye ******************Arralleh Egal *******************Elmi Aralleh *******************Aw-Jama Arralleh ****************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) *****************Ismail Nour ******************Gabal Ismail ******************Abdi Ismail ******************Barre Ismail *****************Hersi Nour ******************Hugur Hersi ******************Osman Hersi ******************Bacalul Hersi ******************Ali Hersi ******************Aden Hersi *****************Gabal Nour *****************Mohamed Nour ******************Mohamed Omar *******************Hussein Mohamed ********************Wais Husien ********************Hujale Husien ********************Dirie Husien *******************Sharmake Mohamed ********************Roble Sharmake ********************Nour Sharmake ********************Jama Sharmake *********************Hudale Jama *********************Yasin Jama *******************Allale Mohamed ********************Egal Allale *********************Hassan Egal **********************Omar Hassan **********************Ahmed Hassan ****************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *****************Naleye Benin *****************Ahmed Benin *****************Hersi Benin *****************Warfa Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Abdi Benin *****************Fatah Benin *****************Dirie Benin *****************Osman Benin ****************Abdille Abdi *****************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ******************Ismail Gallab ******************Asker Gallab ******************Dahir Gallab ******************Wais Gallab ******************Ali Gallab ******************Jama Gallab ******************Roble Gallab ******************Abdi Gallab ******************Yusuf Gallab ******************Farah Gallab *****************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ******************Gulled Eiye *******************Deria Guled ********************Abokor Deria ********************Osman Derie ********************Khalaf Derie *******************Kalil Guled ********************Farah kalil ********************Ali Kalil ********************Hassan Kalil ********************Osman Kalil ********************Aden Kalil ******************Sharmake Eiye *******************Barre Sharmake *******************Omar Sharmake *******************Hager Sharmake ********************Farah Hager ********************Geedi Hagar ********************Adan Hagar ********************Boqorre Hagar ********************Elmi Hagar *****************Mohamed Abdille ******************Ahmed Mohamed *******************Samter Ahmed *******************Ziyad Ahmed *******************Mayle Ahmed *******************Geedi Ahmed *******************Amanle Ahmed *******************Food Ahmed *******************Dhible Ahmed ********************Ismail Dhible ********************Egal Dhible *******************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) ********************Cadad Ali ********************Deria Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************Jibril Ali ********************kalil Ali *********************Magan kalil *********************Deria Kalil *********************Abdi kalil *********************Aden kalil *********************Yusuf kalil *******************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) ********************Derie Gubadleh *********************Ismail Derie *********************Gubtame Derie *********************Nour Derie *********************Mohamoud Derie *********************Omar Derie *********************Dualeh Derie *********************Hussein Derie *********************Wa'ays Derie *********************Yusuf Derie ********************Boqorre Gubdleh *********************Hersi Boqorre *********************Ali Boqorre *********************Abdille Boqorre *********************Hirad Boqorre *********************Asker Boqorre *********************Mohamed Boqorre *********************Aw Hassan Boqorre *********************Ismail Boqorre *********************Shire Boqorre *********************Hashi Boqorre *********************Mohamoud (Bahnan) Boqorre ************Ahmed Dhimbil *************Musa Ahmed *************Waisleh Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Liban Ahmed *************Abdi Liban **************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***************Aden Ismail ***************Iman Ismail ***************Bulale Ismail ***************Geedi Ismail ***************Idiris Ismail ***************Yusuf Ismail ***************Koshin Ismail ***************Hersi Ismail ***************Shirwac Ismail ***************Said Ismail **************Mohammed Abdi (Addeh) ***************Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarer) ****************Nour Sarar ****************Mohamed(Hersi) Sarar ****************Farah Sarar ****************Yusuf Sarar ****************Dualeh Sarar ****************Elmi Sarar ***************Ahmed(Bedar)Mohamed ****************Koshin Ahmed ****************Samter Ahmed ****************Uballe Ahmed ****************Hurie (Egal) Ahmed ****************Waraf Ahmed ****************Karie Ahmed ****************Mohamed Ahmed **********Aden Abokor ***********( Aden Mohamed) ************Issa Aden ************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) *************Abdi Awal **************Had Abdi **************Nour Abdi **************Ahmed Abdi **************Liban Abdi **************Omar Abdi **************Aden Abdi **************Geedi Abdi **************Ibrahim Abdi **************Mohamoud Abdi *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan ***************Aden Ladon ****************Herar Ladon ****************Jama Ladon ****************Ali Ladon ****************Fahiye Ladon **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle (Abdi Waddago) ***************Ahmed Abdalle ***************Halas Ahmed ****************Osman Halas ****************Samter Halas ****************Egal Ahmed *****************Wais Egal *****************Madar Egal ****************Geedi Ahmed *****************Samter Geedi *****************Mohamed Geedi *****************Dalal Geedi *****************Fatah Geedi *****************Waisleh Geedi *****************Allamagan Geedi ******************Guled Allamagan ******************Egal Allamagan *****************Hode Geedi ******************Farah Hode ******************Yusuf Hode ******************Geele Geedi *****************Ahmed Geele ******************Dahir Geele ******************Nour Geele *****************Ali Geedi ******************Osman Ali ******************Hassan Ali ******************Abdalle Ali ******************Yusuf Ali ******************Aden Ali ***Abdirahman Muuse ****Yonis Abdiraham *****Aden Yonis *****Ismail Yonis *****Ugadh Yonis *****Mohamed Yonis ****Abdalle Abdirahman *****Mohamed Abdalle (Bah Daylo) ******Gadid Mohamed ******Abdalle Mohamed ******Loge Mohamed ****Ibrahim Abdalle *****Kulul Ibrahim (Rer Kul) *****Abdi Ibrahim (Abdi Dheeri) ******Burale Abdi ******Geedi Abdi ******Aden Abdi ******Hersi Abdi *****Abokor Ibrahim ******Idileh Abokor (Rer Iidleh) *******Ismail Iidle *******Bare Iidle ******Hussein Abokor Matan (Gashaabuur) *******Roble Matan *******Hamud Matan *******Aden Matan *******Damal Aden ********Gabdon Dhamal (Rer Gabdoon) ********Hode Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar) ********Deria Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar) ********Gabib Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar) ********Fatah Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar) ********Essa Dhamal *********Aden Isse *********Warfa Isse *********Guled Isse *********Liban Isse (Rer Liibaan) *********Hassan Isse (Rer Hassan Isse) *********Abdi Isse **********Mohamed Abdi **********Farah Abdi **********Eiye Abdi **********Aninanshe Abdi **********Amare Abdi **********Ileiye Afwayne Abdi **********Dualeh (Samter) Abdi **********Wais Abdi **********Rage Abdi **********Abdalle Abdi **********Aden Abdi **********Abdi Bari (Abdi Bari) **********Guled Abdi (Rer Guleed) ==Notable figures== * Abdillahi Deria – Prominent anti-colonial fighter * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – was a prominent Somali Scholar, vocalist, poet, and military leader. * Gaabuush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader, with strong tie to SAF. * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship. * Hassan Guure Jamac * Abwaan Dheeg * Idiris Haji Cisman Gurey * Siyasi Ali Mohamed Ibrahim (Ali Sanyare) * Hussein M. Adam|Hussein Mohammed Adam (Tanzania) – foremost Somali intellectual and scholar who founded the Somali Studies International Association (SSIA) * Abwan Qawdhan Dualeh * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Hajji Abdi Hussein Yusuf (Abdi Warabe)– Respected Somali elder and Guurti member, known for his wisdom and role in peacebuilding and traditional leadership. * Khadra Dahir Cige – popular Somali singer * Suldaan Sakariye Suldan Mohamed S.C/laahi (Galaal) *Ugahz Mohamed Abdille Ahmed , a clan elder (Ughaz) and respected traditional figure. * Mohamed Hassan Finad – Politician and Activist * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy during the Ogaden War. * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Jama Mohamed Ghalib – served as speaker of the Somali Parliament during the Somali Republic's early civilian administration, between 1960 and 1964 * Mahamed Abdiqadir – 8th grand sultan of the Isaaq * Ismail Mahmud Hurre – former foreign minister of the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia, between 2000-2002 and 2006–2007 * Jama Asker –Activist And Politician * Abwan Ali Mooge Geedi Egal * Abdishakur Dayib – Prominent Journalist * Daud Mahamed – the ninth and current grand sultan of the Isaaq Sultanate. * Abdi Bidhaan Dahir – Journalist * Abwan Muse Ali Farur * Abwan Coloaad Qorane – Poet and Member of Federal Parliament of Somalia * Mahid Guled - Former prime minister of Somalia * Bihi Egeh –Minister of Finance of Somalia * Hussein Arab Isse – former deputy prime minister and minister of defence of Somalia, between 2011 and 2012 * Abdikarim Ahmed Mooge – Is Somali politician and the current mayor of Hargeisa city * Shiekh Harreed (Xareed) – Scholar and Religious leader * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==References== bbyjlb9cvtmt0nrv9mjs22bf0sj08c2 302001 302000 2026-07-12T12:01:42Z ~2026-39386-42 46464 302001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac | | group = Eidagale <br> عيدَ جلي | image= |region1={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}} |region2={{flagcountry|Somaliland}} | langs = [[Somali]] | rels = [[Islam]] | related-c =Isaaq and Other,clan. }} '''Ciidagale''' (English: Eidagale'','' Arabic: عيدَ جلي''',''' Full Name: Daoud-Eidagalle) Waa beel kamida beelwaynta Isaaq.Beeshu waxa ay rasmi ahaan u deggaan Gobollada Maroodijeex iyo Togdheer ee Somaliland iyo Dalka Ethiopia. ==Baahsanaanta== Eidagalle waa beel ka tirsan beelaha Isaaq. Waxay degaan tiro badan ku leeyihiin gobolka Maroodi Jeex ee Somaliland, gaar ahaan magaalada Hargeysa (dhinacyadeeda dhexe iyo koonfur-bari), iyo degmada Salaxley . Intaa waxaa dheer, Ciidagale waxay sidoo kale si weyn ugu baahsan yihiin dalka ee Itoobiya, gaar ahaan degmooyinka Daroor,iyo Awaare. Beesha Eedagaale waxay leedahay laamo hoose oo ay ka mid yihiin Mohamed Daoud (Guuyoobe), kuwaas oo degan degmada Oodweyne ee gobolka Togdheer. Sidoo kale, qayb ka mid ah beesha ayaa si taariikhi ah ugu nool waddanka Kenya, halkaas oo ay ka yihiin qayb muhiim ah oo si wayn looyaqaano loona ixtiraamo, laguna magaacabo Isahakia.<ref>Waal, Alexander De (1993). "Violent deeds live on: landmines in Somalia and Somaliland, p. 63"</ref><ref>Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa. <nowiki>ISBN 9781315308173</nowiki>.</ref> ==Tariikhda (History)== ===Xiliyadii Dhexe (Medieval period) === Taariikh ahaan, beesha Ciidagale waxay ka mid ahayd beelihii ka qayb galay dagaalladii lagu qaaday boqortooyadii Xabashida waxayna hoos tagi jireen [https://so.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saldanadii_Cadal Saldanaddii Adal]. Waxay si gaar ah ugu xusan yihiin buugga ''Futuh al-Habash'' (Futuxul Xabash) oo lagu tilmaamay in beelahaasi yihiin ''Habar Magaadle''. Habar Magaadle waxaa laga soo saaray halyeeygii taariikhiga ahaa ee Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen, oo ahaa gacanta midig ee Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Ciidagale—gaar ahaan beesha [[Abokor muuse|Abokor Muse]]—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo, taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha , gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada Herar. Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen Magalada zelia.</blockquote>jifo kale oo muhiim ah oo ka tirsana laanta Cabdiraxmaan Muuse, kaasoo ka qayb qaatay dagaladii Axmed Gurey , waxaa lagu nanaysaa Gashaanbuur oo ah Hussein Abokor Matan, oo ah geesiyadii ka qaybqaatay dagalkii iyo difaciiba Axmarada ee Axmed Gurey . Cilmibaare I. M. Lewis wuxuu xusay in jiray laba Axmed Gurey oo la isku khalday: <blockquote>Buuggu wuxuu tilmaamayaa laba Axmed oo loogu yeero ‘midig-la’. Mid waxaa lagu magacaabaa "Axmed Gurey Soomaali", oo loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay Axmed Gurey Xuseen, hogaamiye ka tirsanaa Habar Magaadle. Midka kalena waxaa loogu yeeraa “Iimaam Axmed”. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in labadaas Axmed la isku khalday oo laga dhigay hal halyeey oo kali ah.<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). *Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982*. KARTHALA Editions. ISBN 9782845864924.</ref></blockquote> Qabriga Sheekh Aw Barkhadle oo u dhexeeya [[Berbera]] iyo [[Hargeysa]] wuxuu ahaa goob barakeysan oo beelaha ''Isaaq'' iyo Eidagalleh ay u adeegsadeen dhaarista, heshiisiinta iyo xallinta khilaafaadka. Beesha Ciidagale, oo ka mid ah hogaamiyeyaasha dhaqanka, ayaa door muhiim ah ka qaadatay maamulka goobtan barakeysan.Gaar ahaan, goobtan waxaa miisaan weyn ku lahaa Salaadiinta iyo Ugaasyada dhaqanka. Beelaha si gaar ah uga qayb qaatay ilaalinta sharafta iyo shaqada goobta barakeysan ee Aw Barkhadle waxaa ka mid ahayd beesha Ciidagale. Ciidagale waxay caan ku ahaayeen geesinimadooda dagaal iyo hibadooda suugaaneed, waxayna sidoo kale hayeen xilka qiimaha badan ee ah dhexdhexaadiyeyaal iyo ilaalinayaal dhaqanka xeerka Soomaalida. Odayaasha la qadariyo ee beesha ayaa inta badan guddoomin jiray dhaarista heshiisyada iyo xallinta muranada lagu qabto Aw Barkhadle, si loo ilaaliyo heshiisyada loona sugo nabadda iyo wada noolaanshaha bulshada <blockquote>Marka la kulmo arrin adag oo saameynaysa beelaha Isaaq , waxaa la keenaa waraaq si gaar ah loo ilaaliyo oo yaalla qabriga, kuna saxiixan yahay Bilaal, addoonkii Khaliifadii hore. Dhaaro cusub ayaa lagu kala qaadayaa. Sannadkii 1846, waxa la keenay Berbera oo ay wateen beesha Ciidagale, halkaas oo beelaha Aala Axmed iyo Aala Yuusuf ku dhaarteen inay nabad ku noolaadaan.<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref></blockquote>Eidagale waxay si dhaqameed u lahaayeen doorka hoggaaminta gudaha iyo nabadeynta khilaafaadka, iyagoo lagu yaqaan xigmadda iyo kartida suugaanta. Xeer-beegti iyo gabyaa caan ah ayaa kasoo jeeda, waxaana ay adeegsadaan xeer-Soomaaliyeed, dood furan iyo gabayo si ay u xalliyaan ismaandhaafka. Duqeyda beesha waxay inta badan ahaayeen garsoorayaal dhexdhexaad ah marka ay colaado ka dhex qarxaan beelaha walaalaha ah. Aw Barkhadle ayaa mar walba ahayd goobta ugu sarreysa ee dhaar iyo heshiis lagu sameeyo. Hoggaamiyeyaasha Eidagale ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaari jiray dhexdhexaadinta khilaafaadka u dhexeeya beelaha—iyagoo noqday kuwa isku xira kooxaha is haya oo nabad ka dhex abuura. Mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu barakeysan ee heshiisyada nabadeed lagu gaari jiray wuxuu ahaa quduuska Aw Barkhadle, oo ku yaalla inta u dhexeysa Berbera iyo Hargeysa. Halkaas ayaa lagu dhaaran jiray, iyadoo la isticmaalayo agab quduus ah, waxaana lagu xoojin jiray heshiisyo nabadeed oo waara—taasoo muujinaysa kaalinta ay Eidagale ku lahaayeen ilaalinta dhaqanka iyo sharciga.<blockquote>Xilliyada khatarta dibadda ah, sida soo galootiga gumaysiga ama dagaallada beelaha, Eidagale waxay si degdeg ah isu abaabuli jireen una midoobi jireen difaaca dhulkooda, iyagoo noqda ilaalayaasha deegaankooda. Dhaqankaas qotoda dheer ee hoggaaminta iyo dhexdhexaadinta waxaa si muuqata u matalayey halyeyaal sida Suldaan Cabdillaahi Dheria, kaasoo saameyn weyn ku lahaa dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad iyo billowgii qarnigii 20aad—wuxuuna astaan u ahaa sii socoshada awoodda Eidagale ee xagga maamulka dhaqanka iyo dhexdhexaadinta beelaha.</blockquote> Dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad iyo billowgii qarnigii 20aad, Suldaan Cabdillaahi Dheria wuxuu ka soo dhex baxay isagoo noqday mid ka mid ah madax-dhaqameedyadii ugu magaca dheeraa beesha Isaaq, gaar ahaan beesha Eidagale. Waxaa si weyn loogu xusuustaa xikmaddiisa iyo kartidiisa dhexdhexaadin, wuxuuna door muhiim ah ka qaatay xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta xeerka Soomaalida, iyo maareynta xiriirka lala lahaa gumaystihii Ingiriiska. Hoggaamintiisu waxay xoojisay nidaamka dhaqameed xilli ay jireen isbeddello siyaasadeed oo waaweyn. Maanta, dhaxalkiisii hoggaamineed si weyn ayaa looga xurmeynayaa guud ahaan Somaliland. Eidagale waxay caan ku ahaayeen xirfaddooda fardo-fuulka, waxaana weeraradoodii xoogga badnaa ay gaadhi jireen laga bilaabo xeebta ilaa gudaha dalka. Sida uu sheegay Carlos Swayne, oo dhex maray Somaliland dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad, Eidagale waxay ka mid ahaayeen beelaha ugu jecel weerarada: <blockquote>“Beelaha ku dhow xeebta waqooyi ee ugu jecel weerarada waxay u muuqdaan inay yihiin Habr Awal, Eidagale, iyo Habr Gerhajis.”<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia. p. 40.</ref></blockquote> Marka laga soo tago xirfaddooda fardo-fuulka, Eidagale sidoo kale waxay caan ku yihiin fasahaaddooda suugaanta dhaqanka Soomaalida, gaar ahaan gabayga. Waxay soo saareen gabayaaal caan ah sida Xasan Tarabi iyo Elmi Boodhari. Taariikh ahaan, Eidagale waxaa beelaha kale ee Soomaaliyeed u aqoonsanaayeen khubaro suugaanta gabayga:<ref>Diriye, p. 75.</ref> <blockquote> “Beelaha Soomaaliyeed dhexdeeda, Eidagale waxaa lagu yaqaan khubarnimada tirinta gabayada. Hal gabyaa oo ka tirsan Eidagale laga yaabee inuusan ka heer sarreyn gabyaa wanaagsan oo beel kale ah, laakiin Eidagale waxay u muuqdaan inay gabyaaal badan ka jiraan marka loo eego beelaha kale. ‘Haddii aad halkaan keento boqol nin oo Eidagale ah,’ ayuu ii sheegay Hersi Jaamac, ‘oo aad waydiiso kee gabaygiisa tirin kara, sagaashan iyo shan baa tirin kara. Inta kale weli way baranayaan.’”<ref>Laurance, Margaret. A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref></blockquote> Qarnigyo badan, beesha Eidagale waxay door muhiim ah ku lahayd ganacsigii geela ee fog ee Soomaaliyeed. Ganacsatada Eidagale waxay ka soo heli jireen agabyo kala duwan gobolka Soomaalida ee dhulka hadda loo yaqaan Itoobiya, sida xoolaha, malmalka (acacia gum), muxurta (myrrh), iyo subagga, kuwaas oo markii dambe loo dhoofin jiray Koonfurta Carabta. Ganacsatada karavaanka ee Eidagale waxay aasaaseen xarumo ganacsi oo muhiim ah gudaha dalka, kuwaas oo ay ka mid tahay magaalada casriga ah ee Hargeysa, taasoo la aasaasay qarnigii 19aad, kana ahayd meel isgoys ah oo u dhexeysa Berbera iyo gudaha Soomaalida.Hargeysa waxaa asal ahaan loo aasaasay bartamaha qarnigii 19aad si ay u noqoto xarun karavaan oo xiriirisa Berbera iyo gudaha.<ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of African Languages|date=1963|publisher=University of Michigan Press|pages=27|language=english}}</ref><ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia. p. 96.</ref> Qayb dhownaata oo laga qaaday khariidaddii 1885 ee ay daabacday Royal Geographical Society ayaa si cad u muujinaysa joogitaanka dhuleed ee beesha Eidagale. Khariidaddu waxay calaamadaynaysaa magaalada Hargeysa (oo ku qoran ''Harrer-es-Sagheer''), iyadoo beesha Eidagale loogu yeedhay ''Eed-a-galleh'' kuna muujisan inay deggan yihiin gudaha iyo nawaaxiga deegaankaas. Buuraleyda Naasa Hablood, oo khariidadda lagu qoray ''Nas Hubla'', sidoo kale waa lagu sawiray, taasoo xoojinaysa isku xirka juqraafiyeed iyo dhaqan ee beesha Eidagale ee gobolkaasi.<ref>Royal Geographical Society map, 1885. British Library Archives.</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Eidagale waxaa si weyn loogu yaqaannaa xirfaddooda suugaanta, gaar ahaan gabayga, kaas oo kaalin weyn ku leh aqoonsigooda iyo dhaqankooda. Waxaa lagu tiriyaa dad xigmadda iyo hadal-fasahaadda ku caan baxay, iyagoo gabayga u adeegsada sidii ay u xafidi lahaayeen taariikhda, u gudbin lahaayeen qiimaha bulsheed, una xallin lahaayeen khilaafaadka. Waxaa hadal caan ah oo laga dhex maqlo odhanaya: "Nin aan gabayn karin weli ma dhalan." Tani waxay muujinaysaa sida gabaygu uga yahay laf-dhabar aqoonta iyo wada-noolaanshaha bulshada Eidagale.</blockquote> Marka laga soo tago hidda-sugaaneedkooda, beesha Eidagale waxay sidoo kale caan ku yihiin xirfadda xoolo-dhaqatada, gaar ahaan dhaqashada geela, oo ah tiirka ugu weyn ee dhaqaalahooda iyo noloshooda reer guuraanimada. Geelu wuxuu leeyahay qiimo weyn, wuxuuna astaan u yahay hanti, sharaf, iyo adkaysi. Khibraddooda dheer ee ku saabsan dhaqashada iyo daryeelka geela waxay ka tarjumaysaa aqoon jiilal badan soo jirtay, taasoo ka dhigaysa dad si heer sare ah u yaqaan sida loo ilaaliyo loona kobciyo xoolaha. Isku dhafka suugaantooda afka ah iyo xirfaddooda xoolo-dhaqatada ayaa ah labada tiir ee ugu waaweyn ee dhaxalka dhaqameed ee beesha Eidagale—waa hiddo soo jireen ah oo qoto dheer leh, taasoo weli si xooggan u qeexaysa aqoonsigooda jiilba jiil. An image illustrating 19th-century trade: Beesha Eidagale waxay si weyn ugaga qayb qaadatay ganacsiga guud ee geela iyo agabka dabiiciga ah ee gobolka. Karavaannadii ka yimid gudaha gudaha ayaa halkan ku degi jiray, iyagoo ka ganacsan jiray muxur, malmal, subag iyo xoolo, taasoo Berbera ka dhigtay xarun ganacsi oo istiraatiiji ah oo u xiriiriya gudaha iyo suuqyada caalamiga ah. <blockquote>Soomaalida beesha Eidagale ayaa ka yimaada Ogaadeen iyagoo wata baallo, muxur, malmal, ari, lo’, iyo subag; beddelkeedna waxay ka qaataan dhar jumlo ah. Xilligiiba afar jeer ayay safarradan samaynayaan. Ma joogaan wax ka badan hal bil, intay joogaanna waxay la deggan yihiin reerahooda, cunadoodana waxay ku cunaan makhbaza, ama goobaha cuntada lagu wada cuno.<ref>Hunter, Frederick (1877). An Account of the British Settlement of Aden in Arabia*. Cengage Gale. p. 41.</ref></blockquote> ==Clan tree== A summarized family tree of the Eidagalle Clan is presented below.<ref name="survey 147">Hunt, John A. (1951). A general survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950. Wayback Machine (archived 2 February 2022). p. 147.</ref> *Daoud(Eidagalle) **[[Maxamed Daoud|Mohamed Daoud]] ***Egal Mohamed (Rer Cigal) ***Ali Mohamed (Rer Afwayne) ***Urkurag Mohamed ****Ali Urkurag *****Fiqi Sa'ad Ali *****Mahamoud Ali *****Ahmed Ali *****Ismail Ali ******Ali Ismail *******Osman Ali (Rer Osman) *******Jama Ali *******Geedi Ali (Rer Aw) *******Yonis Ali *******Ileiye Ali *******Hagga Ali *******Nuh Ali ********Ali Nuh *******Aden Ali ********Guled Aden ********Ali Aden *******Roble Ali (Rer Rooble) ********Hassan Roble *********Jibril Hassan **********Aden Jibril **********Mohamed Jibril *********Deria Hassan **********Mohamed Deria **********Hussein Deria ********Ali Roble *********Warfa Ali *********Farah Ali **********Hassan Farah *********Abdalle Ali *******Abdalle Ali ********Geedi Abdalle (Rer Geedi) ********Mohamed Abdalle (Rer Mohamed) **Abokor Daoud ***Bilaal Abokor ****Mohamed Bilal *****Egal Mohamed *****Hassan Mohamed *****Farah Mohamed *****Yusuf Mohamed *****Wais Mohamed *****Roble Mohamed *****Egal Mohamed *****Abdi Mohamed ******Geedi Abdi ******Aden Abdi ******Mohamed Aden ******Hassan Abdi *****Abdalle Mohamed ******Samter Abdalle ******Hussein Abdalle ******Abane Abdalle ******Mohamed Abdalle ******Wais Abdalle ******Hasan Abdalle ***Isse Abokor ****Dualeh Isse *****Musa Dualeh *****Mohamed Dualeh *****Deria Duleh *****Egal Dualeh *****Essa Dualeh *****Roble Dualeh *****Samter Duleh *****Farah Dualeh ****Hassan Isse *****Afi Hassan *****Hujale Hassan *****Abar Hassan *****Yusuf Hassan *****Shire Hassan *****Mohamed Hassan *****Warfa Hassan *****Barre Hassan *****Egal Hassan *****Mohamed Hassan ***Abokor Muuse ****Saleiban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Aralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Waisleh Osman **************Mahamoud Wais **************Arralleh Wais **************Hussein wais **************Saleiban Wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arreh Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Hassan Abokor ***********Muuse Hassan ***********Laqshe Hassan ***********Basiralle Hassan ***********Dhimbil Hassan ************Mohammed Dhimbil *************Musa Mohamed **************Adawe Muuse ***************Absiye Adawe ***************Allamagn Adawe ***************Yusuf Adawe ***************Liban Adawe ***************Roble Adawe ***************Osman Adawe ***************Egal Adawe ***************Wais Adawe **************Aden Muuse ***************Had Adan ***************Roble Aden ***************Abane Aden ***************Ali Aden ***************Wais Aden ***************Burale Aden ***************Geedi Aden ***************Boqorre Aden ****************Sugulle Boqore ****************Liban Boqorre ****************Warfa Boqorre ****************Koshin Boqorre ****************Shiekhdon Boqorre *************Mucawiye Mohamed **************Samter Muawiye **************Ali Muawiye *************Fatah Mohamed **************Awarre Fatah **************Mohamed Fatah **************Hassan Fatah **************Cisman fatah *************Gled (Wardon) Mohamed **************Hussein Guled **************Egal Guled **************Yusuf Guled **************Roble Guled **************Abdi Guled **************Elmi Guled **************Samter Guled ************Muuse Dhimbil *************Mahamoud Muuse **************Shirdon Mohamoud ***************Hamud Shirdon ***************Suldan Shirdon ***************Geele Shirdon ***************Osman Shirdon ***************Egal Shirdon ***************Mohamed Shirdon ***************Yusuf Shirdon **************Hildiid Mohamoud ***************Ali Hildiid ***************Geedi Hildiid (Rer Geedi) ****************Odawa Geedi *****************Odawa Odawa *****************Mahamoud Odawa ****************Geele Geedi ****************Nour(Shire) Geedi ****************Haji Dirie Geedi ****************Samter Geedi ****************Ahmed Geedi ****************Ali Geedi ****************Roble Geedi ***************Hersi Hildiid (Rer Hersi) ****************Ali Hersi ****************Guled Hersi ****************Egal Hersi ****************Aden Hersi ****************Mahamoud Hersi ****************Fahiye Hersi *****************Roble Fahiye ******************Elmi Roble ******************Jama Elmi ******************Ali Elmi *****************Rage Roble *****************Elmi Rage ******************Wais Rage ******************Geedi Rage ******************Hersi Rage *************Abdalleh Muuse **************Jibirl Abdalle ***************Siad Jibril ****************Wais Siad ****************Abdalle Siad ***************Kalil Jibirl ***************Ali kalil ****************Said Ali ****************Koshin Ali ****************Boqorreh Ali ***************Saeed Jibril ****************Abdi Said *****************Abdalle Abdi *****************Roble Abdi ***************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ****************Wais Aden ****************Benin Aden ****************Nur Aden ****************Muse Aden ****************Samter Aden ****************Abdalle Aden ****************Jama Aden ****************Eileie Adan ****************Barre Aden ****************Ibrahim Aden ****************Khalaf Aden ****************Ali Aden ****************Adan Aden *****************Ahmed Aden *****************Eiye Aden ***************Abdi Jibril ****************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) *****************Abdalle Ali ******************Musa Abdalle *****************Hussein Ali *****************Jama Hussien *****************Nour Hussein *****************Farah Hussien *****************Wa'ays Hussein *****************Hersi Hussien ******************Muhumad Hersi ******************Abdi Hersi ******************Ali Hersi ******************Aidid Hersi *****************Mumin Ali ******************Egal Mumin ******************Jama Mumin ******************Urmah Mumin *******************Dhible Urmah *******************Ismail Urmah *****************Naleye Ali ******************Jama Naleye ******************Dualeh Naleye ******************Warfa Naleye ******************Abdi Naleye ******************Egal Naleye ******************Arralleh Egal *******************Elmi Aralleh *******************Aw-Jama Arralleh ****************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) *****************Ismail Nour ******************Gabal Ismail ******************Abdi Ismail ******************Barre Ismail *****************Hersi Nour ******************Hugur Hersi ******************Osman Hersi ******************Bacalul Hersi ******************Ali Hersi ******************Aden Hersi *****************Gabal Nour *****************Mohamed Nour ******************Mohamed Omar *******************Hussein Mohamed ********************Wais Husien ********************Hujale Husien ********************Dirie Husien *******************Sharmake Mohamed ********************Roble Sharmake ********************Nour Sharmake ********************Jama Sharmake *********************Hudale Jama *********************Yasin Jama *******************Allale Mohamed ********************Egal Allale *********************Hassan Egal **********************Omar Hassan **********************Ahmed Hassan ****************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) *****************Naleye Benin *****************Ahmed Benin *****************Hersi Benin *****************Warfa Benin *****************Samter Benin *****************Abdi Benin *****************Fatah Benin *****************Dirie Benin *****************Osman Benin ****************Abdille Abdi *****************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ******************Ismail Gallab ******************Asker Gallab ******************Dahir Gallab ******************Wais Gallab ******************Ali Gallab ******************Jama Gallab ******************Roble Gallab ******************Abdi Gallab ******************Yusuf Gallab ******************Farah Gallab *****************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ******************Gulled Eiye *******************Deria Guled ********************Abokor Deria ********************Osman Derie ********************Khalaf Derie *******************Kalil Guled ********************Farah kalil ********************Ali Kalil ********************Hassan Kalil ********************Osman Kalil ********************Aden Kalil ******************Sharmake Eiye *******************Barre Sharmake *******************Omar Sharmake *******************Hager Sharmake ********************Farah Hager ********************Geedi Hagar ********************Adan Hagar ********************Boqorre Hagar ********************Elmi Hagar *****************Mohamed Abdille ******************Ahmed Mohamed *******************Samter Ahmed *******************Ziyad Ahmed *******************Mayle Ahmed *******************Geedi Ahmed *******************Amanle Ahmed *******************Food Ahmed *******************Dhible Ahmed ********************Ismail Dhible ********************Egal Dhible *******************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) ********************Cadad Ali ********************Deria Ali ********************Egal Ali ********************Jibril Ali ********************kalil Ali *********************Magan kalil *********************Deria Kalil *********************Abdi kalil *********************Aden kalil *********************Yusuf kalil *******************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) ********************Derie Gubadleh *********************Ismail Derie *********************Gubtame Derie *********************Nour Derie *********************Mohamoud Derie *********************Omar Derie *********************Dualeh Derie *********************Hussein Derie *********************Wa'ays Derie *********************Yusuf Derie ********************Boqorre Gubdleh *********************Hersi Boqorre *********************Ali Boqorre *********************Abdille Boqorre *********************Hirad Boqorre *********************Asker Boqorre *********************Mohamed Boqorre *********************Aw Hassan Boqorre *********************Ismail Boqorre *********************Shire Boqorre *********************Hashi Boqorre *********************Mohamoud (Bahnan) Boqorre ************Ahmed Dhimbil *************Musa Ahmed *************Waisleh Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Liban Ahmed *************Abdi Liban **************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) ***************Aden Ismail ***************Iman Ismail ***************Bulale Ismail ***************Geedi Ismail ***************Idiris Ismail ***************Yusuf Ismail ***************Koshin Ismail ***************Hersi Ismail ***************Shirwac Ismail ***************Said Ismail **************Mohammed Abdi (Addeh) ***************Sarar Mohamed (Rer Sarer) ****************Nour Sarar ****************Mohamed(Hersi) Sarar ****************Farah Sarar ****************Yusuf Sarar ****************Dualeh Sarar ****************Elmi Sarar ***************Ahmed(Bedar)Mohamed ****************Koshin Ahmed ****************Samter Ahmed ****************Uballe Ahmed ****************Hurie (Egal) Ahmed ****************Waraf Ahmed ****************Karie Ahmed ****************Mohamed Ahmed **********Aden Abokor ***********( Aden Mohamed) ************Issa Aden ************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) *************Abdi Awal **************Had Abdi **************Nour Abdi **************Ahmed Abdi **************Liban Abdi **************Omar Abdi **************Aden Abdi **************Geedi Abdi **************Ibrahim Abdi **************Mohamoud Abdi *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan ***************Aden Ladon ****************Herar Ladon ****************Jama Ladon ****************Ali Ladon ****************Fahiye Ladon **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle (Abdi Waddago) ***************Ahmed Abdalle ***************Halas Ahmed ****************Osman Halas ****************Samter Halas ****************Egal Ahmed *****************Wais Egal *****************Madar Egal ****************Geedi Ahmed *****************Samter Geedi *****************Mohamed Geedi *****************Dalal Geedi *****************Fatah Geedi *****************Waisleh Geedi *****************Allamagan Geedi ******************Guled Allamagan ******************Egal Allamagan *****************Hode Geedi ******************Farah Hode ******************Yusuf Hode ******************Geele Geedi *****************Ahmed Geele ******************Dahir Geele ******************Nour Geele *****************Ali Geedi ******************Osman Ali ******************Hassan Ali ******************Abdalle Ali ******************Yusuf Ali ******************Aden Ali ***Abdirahman Muuse ****Yonis Abdiraham *****Aden Yonis *****Ismail Yonis *****Ugadh Yonis *****Mohamed Yonis ****Abdalle Abdirahman *****Mohamed Abdalle (Bah Daylo) ******Gadid Mohamed ******Abdalle Mohamed ******Loge Mohamed ****Ibrahim Abdalle *****Kulul Ibrahim (Rer Kul) *****Abdi Ibrahim (Abdi Dheeri) ******Burale Abdi ******Geedi Abdi ******Aden Abdi ******Hersi Abdi *****Abokor Ibrahim ******Idileh Abokor (Rer Iidleh) *******Ismail Iidle *******Bare Iidle ******Hussein Abokor Matan (Gashaabuur) *******Roble Matan *******Hamud Matan *******Aden Matan *******Damal Aden ********Gabdon Dhamal (Rer Gabdoon) ********Hode Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar) ********Deria Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar) ********Gabib Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar) ********Fatah Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar) ********Essa Dhamal *********Aden Isse *********Warfa Isse *********Guled Isse *********Liban Isse (Rer Liibaan) *********Hassan Isse (Rer Hassan Isse) *********Abdi Isse **********Mohamed Abdi **********Farah Abdi **********Eiye Abdi **********Aninanshe Abdi **********Amare Abdi **********Ileiye Afwayne Abdi **********Dualeh (Samter) Abdi **********Wais Abdi **********Rage Abdi **********Abdalle Abdi **********Aden Abdi **********Abdi Bari (Abdi Bari) **********Guled Abdi (Rer Guleed) ==Notable figures== * Abdillahi Deria – Prominent anti-colonial fighter * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – was a prominent Somali Scholar, vocalist, poet, and military leader. * Gaabuush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader, with strong tie to SAF. * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship. * Hassan Guure Jamac * Abwaan Dheeg * Idiris Haji Cisman Gurey * Siyasi Ali Mohamed Ibrahim (Ali Sanyare) * Hussein M. Adam|Hussein Mohammed Adam (Tanzania) – foremost Somali intellectual and scholar who founded the Somali Studies International Association (SSIA) * Abwan Qawdhan Dualeh * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Hajji Abdi Hussein Yusuf (Abdi Warabe)– Respected Somali elder and Guurti member, known for his wisdom and role in peacebuilding and traditional leadership. * Khadra Dahir Cige – popular Somali singer * Suldaan Sakariye Suldan Mohamed S.C/laahi (Galaal) *Ugahz Mohamed Abdille Ahmed , a clan elder (Ughaz) and respected traditional figure. * Mohamed Hassan Finad – Politician and Activist * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy during the Ogaden War. * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Jama Mohamed Ghalib – served as speaker of the Somali Parliament during the Somali Republic's early civilian administration, between 1960 and 1964 * Mahamed Abdiqadir – 8th grand sultan of the Isaaq * Ismail Mahmud Hurre – former foreign minister of the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia, between 2000-2002 and 2006–2007 * Jama Asker –Activist And Politician * Abwan Ali Mooge Geedi Egal * Abdishakur Dayib – Prominent Journalist * Daud Mahamed – the ninth and current grand sultan of the Isaaq Sultanate. * Abdi Bidhaan Dahir – Journalist * Abwan Muse Ali Farur * Abwan Coloaad Qorane – Poet and Member of Federal Parliament of Somalia * Mahid Guled - Former prime minister of Somalia * Bihi Egeh –Minister of Finance of Somalia * Hussein Arab Isse – former deputy prime minister and minister of defence of Somalia, between 2011 and 2012 * Abdikarim Ahmed Mooge – Is Somali politician and the current mayor of Hargeisa city * Shiekh Harreed (Xareed) – Scholar and Religious leader * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==References== d44yqy1lgoboenqjjsl17xwnvnsw9tx 0 42105 302086 280661 2026-07-13T05:56:22Z Wollymolly 46480 /* Asalkii hore */ Fixed typo 302086 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheikh Ahmed Mohamed Islaam''' ( [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]] : Sheekh Axmed Maxamed Islaam, [[Carabi]] : شيخ أحمد محمد إسلام) oo ku magac dheer Axmed Madoobe, waa siyaasi [[Soomaaliyeed]] horeyna usoo noqday madaxweynaha maamulka Jubaland ee [[Soomaaliya]]) iyo guddoomiyaha ururka [[Raaskambooni]] . {{Infobox officeholder | name = Sheekh Axmed Maxamed Islaam | office = 1aad [[Liiska madaxweynayaasha Jubaland|Madaxweynaha Jubaland]] | image = Ahmed Mohamed Islam Madobe December 2020 (cropped).jpg | vicepresident = [[Cabdulahi Sheekh Ismaaciil Fara-Tag]] (2013<ref name="appts2013">{{cite web |title=Somalia: Jubaland President Nominates Second VP and Cabinet of Ministers |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201312070173.html|date=7 December 2013}}</ref>-2016<ref name="appts2016">{{cite web |title=Somalia: Jubaland President unveils cabinet |url=https://www.garoweonline.com/index.php/en/news/somalia/somalia-jubaland-president-unveils-cabinet |website=Garowe Online |language=en |date=30 June 2020}}</ref>)<br/>[[Mohamud Sayid Aden]] (2016<ref name="appts2016" />-) | term_start = 1 October 2012 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Maxamed Cabdi Maxamed]] isagoo ah Madaxweynaha[[Azania (Soomaali)| Azaaniya]] | office2 = | predecessor2 = | successor2 = | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1951}} | birth_place = [[Kebri Dahar]], [[Soomaali Galbeed| Deegaanka Soomaalida]] | office1 = 1aad [[Raaskamboni Dhaqdhaqaaqa|Gudoomiyaha Ururka Raaskambooni]] | termstart1 = 7 Oktober 2009 | termend1 = | predecessor1 = Xafiis La Dhisay | successor1 = | battles = * [[Jabhadda Soomaaliyeed]] * [[Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya|Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya (1991-2006)]] * [[Dagaalada Soomaaliya (2006–2009)]] ** [[Dagaalkii Raas Kambooni (2007)]] **[[Dagaalkii Kismaayo (2008)]] * [[Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya (2009–joogo)]] ** [[Dagaalkii Kismaayo (2012)]] ** [[Dagaalkii Raas Kambooni (2024)]] | deputy1 = [[Ma'alin Maxamed Ibraahim Maxamuud]] (2009 - 2020) <br/> [[Cabdinaasir Seerar Maah]] (Tan iyo markii 2020) }} ==Asalkii hore== Axmed Madoobe waxa uu ku dhashay Kebri Dahar ee Soomaali Galbeed. Waxa uu u soo wareegay magaalada Muqdisho yaraantiisii, isaga oo dugsigii sare ku dhammaystay magaalada, ka dibna jaamacadda ku qaatay shareecada Islaamka . Ka hor burburkii Jamhuuriyaddii Dimuqraadiga ahayd ee Soomaaliya 1991-kii, Madoobe waxa uu ka tirsanaa Al-Itixaad Al-Islaamiya Wuxuu u halgamay kooxdan intii lagu jiray isku daygii ay ku doonayeen in ay Kismaayo kaga qabsadaan United Somali Congress horraantii sagaashamaadkii ka dibna waxa uu ka qaybqaatay duullaan ka dhan ah Itoobiya ===Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga=== Horraantii 2006, Madoobe wuxuu ka barbar dagaalamey ururkii Maxaakiimta Islaamiga ah (ICU) ee soo kacayey, si ay Muqdisho uga taliyaan isbahaysi qabqableyaal. Ka dib markii uu ka qaybqaatay la wareegitaanka Kismaayo bishii Agoosto 2006, waxa uu noqday guddoomiyaha Jubbada Hoose , Jubbada Dhexe , iyo Gedo (oo hadda loo yaqaan Jubaland ) ilaa ay maxaakiimtu ka baxeen koonfurta Soomaaliya ka dib duullaankii Itoobiya ee December 2006dii . xaaqid. Madoobe ayaa u ruqaansaday dhanka xuduudka Kenya, waana la qabtay, isagoo markii dambe lagu daweynayo isbitaal ku yaalla Itoobiya. Waxa la dhigay xabsiga halkaas oo ay ka hadhsan yihiin ciidamada Itoobiya. Kadib ka bixitaankii Itoobiya ee Soomaaliya bishii Janaayo 2009, Madoobe waa la sii daayay wuxuuna ku biiray dowladda cusub ee Shariif Sheekh Axmed . 4-tii April 2009 ayuu ku dhawaaqay in uu iska casilay xubinimadii baarlamaanka isagoo sheegay in uu ku biiray oo kaliya in uu ka soo baxo xabsiga Itoobiya, waxaana uu uga digay dowladda Shariif in ay ka digtoonaato shirqoolada shisheeye ===Xisbul Islaam=== Madoobe ayaa markii dambe ku biiray Xisbul Islaam , wuxuuna noqday taliyaha deegaanka ee Kismaayo. Sannadkii 2009-kii, waxaa magaalada Kismaayo si wadajir ah u qabsaday labo garab oo ka kala tirsan Xisbul Islaam ( Dhaqdhaqaaqa Raaskaambooni iyo Muskar Caanoole) iyo Al-Shabaab . Kadib markii Al-Shabaab ay magacaabeen gole maamul oo ay iyagu leeyihiin, marka laga reebo garabyada kale, waxaa arrintaasi ku gacan seyray Xisbul Islaam. Bishii Oktoobar 2009, xoogagga Xisbul Islaam ee uu hoggaamiyo Madoobe waxay dagaal kula galeen Al-Shabaab magaalada Kismaayo. Markii dambe uu khilaaf soo kala dhexgalay Xisbul Islaam iyo Al-Shabaab, Madoobe waxa ay Shabaab ku eedeysay inuu mas’uul ka yahay rabshadaha. ==Madaxweynaha Jubbaland== Madoobe oo ahaa Hogaamiyihii Ururka Raaskambooni ayaa 1-dii October 2012 loo doortay in uu si KMG ah u sii hayo Maamulka Jubaland , kadib markii Ciidamadiisa oo taageero ka helaya kuwa Kenya ay Al-Shabaab ka qabsadeen magaalada Kismaayo ee xarunta gobolka Jubbada Hoose , sideed bilood ka dib 15-kii May 2013 ayaa loo doortay Madaxweynaha KMG ah ee Jubaland labo sano oo kala guur ah . ===Khilaafka Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya ee ka dhashay Doorashada=== Dowladda Jubaland, guddiga madaxa banaan ee doorashooyinka Jubaland iyo ergada dooranaysa Jubaland, dastuurka federaalka iyo dastuurka dowlad goboleedyada ayaa Madoobe u aqoonsaday inuu yahay madaxweynaha sharciga ah ee Jubaland. Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo ku xad gudubtay dastuurka federaalka iyo dowlad goboleedyada, waxay Madoobe u aqoonsatay oo kaliya inuu yahay madaxweyne ku meel gaar ah. ===Heshiiskii Dib-u-heshiisiinta Qaranka=== 28kii Agoosto 2013 Madoobe ayaa heshiis dib u heshiisiin qaran kula saxiixday magaalada Addis Ababa dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya. Heshiiskan oo uu ansixiyay Wasiiru Dowlaha Madaxtooyada ee Federaalka Faarax Cabdulqaadir oo ka wakiil ah Madaxweyne Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud , ayaa heshiiskan waxaa garwadeen ka ah Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda ee Itoobiya , waxaana heshiiskan uu yimid ka dib wadahadallo laba geesood ah oo soo jiitamayay. Qodobada lagu heshiiyey ayaa dhigaya in muddo labo sano ah Jubaland uu maamulo maamulka Kumeel gaarka ah ee Juba, waxaana hogaaminaya madaxweynaha hadda talada haya ee Madoobe. Madaxweynaha gobolku wuxuu noqon lahaa guddoomiyaha golaha fulinta ee cusub, kaas oo uu u magacaabi doono saddex ku-xigeen. Maamulka dekedda iyo garoonka diyaaradaha ee Kismaayo ayaa sidoo kale lagu wareejin lahaa dowladda Federaalka muddo lix bilood ah ka dib, waxaana dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqaalaha ka soo xarooda kaabayaashaas loo qoondayn lahaa adeegyada adeegyada iyo amniga Jubbaland iyo sidoo kale horumarinta hay’adaha dowladda ee deegaanka. Sidoo kale, heshiiska ayaa waxaa ka mid ahaa in la isku dhafo ciidamada milateriga Jubaland ee hoos taga taliska dhexe ee ciidamada xoogga dalka Soomaaliyeed , waxaana heshiiskaas uu dhigayay in maamulka KMG ah ee Jubba uu ka amar qaato booliiska gobolka. Ergeyga Gaarka ah ee Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan Soomaaliya Nicholas Kay ayaa bogaadiyay heshiiska "horumar furaya albaabka mustaqbal wanaagsan ee Soomaaliya," iyadoo ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen wakiillada AUC, UN, EU iyo IGAD. [[File:Secretary_Kerry_Shakes_Hands_with_Interim_Juba_Administration_President_Madobe_in_Somalia_(17380812645).jpg|thumb|Xoghayaha Arrimaha Dibadda ee Mareykanka, John Kerry oo la kulmay Madoobe, ka dib markii uu Muqdisho, Soomaaliya, 6 May 2015, kulammo la yeeshay Madaxweyne Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud, Ra'iisul Wasaare Cumar Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma'arke, madaxda gobollada Soomaaliya, xubno ka socday bulshada rayidka ah ee Soomaaliya, iyo wakiilka Mareykanka ee Soomaaliya James McAnulty.]] ===doorashada 2015=== 15kii Agoosto 2015, Madoobe ayaa mar kale u doortay baarlamaanka Jubaland isagoo helay 68 cod inuu noqdo madaxweynaha maamulka Jubaland. Madoobe ayaa ku guuleystay doorashada 2019-ka, iyadoo aysan jirin cid uu la tartamayo. Mucaaradku waxa ay sheegeen in Axmed uu ahaa mid aan dimuqraadi ahayn intii uu ku jiray komishankii hore oo uu ka shaqeeyay in uu natiijadii ka leexiyo . Bishii Ogosto 2019 Madoobe ayaa xilka loo dhaariyay afar sano. Wuxuu ku guuleystay in ka badan saddex-meelood labo meel codadkii ay dhiibteen xildhibaannada maamul-goboleedka ee magaalada dekedda leh ee Kismaayo. Qaramada Midoobay ayaa ugu baaqday dhammaan dhinacyada ay khuseyso in la qabto "hal doorasho oo lagu kalsoonaan karo, loo dhan yahay, cadaalad iyo nabad ah", laakiin si kastaba ha ahaatee, Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya ayaa qaadacday doorashada iyadoo taageereysa qof daacad u ah doorashada barbar socota. Xiisada u dhaxeysa DFS iyo Jubbaland ayaa cirka isku shareertay bishii March, markii dagaal culus uu ka dhacay meel ku dhow xuduudka Kenya, kaasoo u dhaxeeyay ciidamada Soomaaliya iyo kuwa Jubbaland. Kenya ayaa sidoo kale ku eedeysay DFS inay ku xad gudubtay madax banaanida dhulkeeda. XFS ayaa la kulantay dhaleecayn uga imaaneysay goobjoogayaasha oo ku aadan in khilaaf siyaasadeed ay la gasho dowlad goboleedyada federaalka si ay gacanta ugu dhigaan doorashada soo socota, halkii ay diiradda saari lahaayeen la dagaalanka kooxda Islaamiga ah ee Al-Shabaab. Bishii Juun 2020 DFS waxay u aqoonsatay Madoobe, laakiin kaliya inuu yahay madaxweynaha ku meel gaadhka ah ee Jubaland State isagoo haysta xilka labo sano ah, taasoo lid ku ah dastuurka Jubaland State oo dhigaya in xilka loo dhiibo afar sano. ===Waaran xadhig=== 28-kii Nofembar 2024, iyadoo uu jiro khilaaf ka dhashay qabsoomida doorashada madaxweynaha Jubbaland , ayaa garsooraha gobolka ugu dambeeya wuxuu soo saaray amar lagu soo xirayo madaxweynaha dowladda federaalka Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud oo lagu eedeeyay khiyaano qaran, hurinta dagaal sokeeye, iyo abaabulka kacdoon hubeysan oo lagu carqaladeynayo nidaamka dastuuriga ah. Dowladda Federaalka oo arrintaas ka jawaabeysa ayaa soo saartay amar lagu soo xirayo Madoobe oo lagu eedeeyay inuu galay khiyaano qaran, isla markaana uu kashifay xog sir ah oo uu u gudbiyay hay’ado shisheeye. ==Tixraac== [https://allafrica.com/stories/201312070173.html "Soomaaliya: Madaxweynaha Jubaland Oo Magacaabay Ku-Xigeenka Labaad Iyo Golaha Wasiirada"]//7 December 2013 [https://www.garoweonline.com/index.php/en/news/somalia/somalia-jubaland-president-unveils-cabinet "Soomaaliya: Madaxweynaha Jubaland oo xariga ka jaray golaha wasiirada"]//Garowe Online. 30ka Juun 2020. [https://www.theafricareport.com/6326/kismayos-sheikh-ahmed-mohamed-islam-madobe/ "Kismaayo Sheekh Axmed Maxamed Islaam "Madoobe"]//3 December 2012 . 11 December 2024 [https://www.theafricareport.com/6326/kismayos-sheikh-ahmed-mohamed-islam-madobe/ 3 December 2012 . 11 December 2024] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120527231843/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Islamist_MP_resigns_after_cheating_Ethiopia_jail_printer.shtml "Xildhiban Islaami ah oo iscasilay ka dib markii uu khiyaameeyey jeelka Itoobiya] [https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2009-09-28-voa23/414495.html "Xiisad Ku Soo Kordhaysa Kismaayo Iyadoo Islaamiyiinta Soomaaliyeed Ay Ku Soo Biireen Awood"]//7 November 2009 . 4 Sebtembar 2024 [https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2009/Oct/12329/rival_islamist_groups_may_fight_again.aspx "Kooxaha Islaamiyiinta ee iska soo horjeeda ayaa laga yaabaa inay mar kale dagaalamaan"] .// 3 Oktoobar 2009. 4 Sebtembar 2024 [https://www.voanews.com/a/islamist-allyn-somalias-al-shabab-02dec09--78323982/416097.html "Isbahaysiga Islaamku wuxuu u soo jeestay al-Shabaab ee Soomaaliya"]//2 Diseembar 2009 [https://web.archive.org/web/20131012043444/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Jubaland_gains_recognition_after_intense_bilateral_talks_in_Ethiopia_printer.shtml "Soomaaliya: Jubaland waxay heshay aqoonsi ka dib wadahadalo laba geesood ah oo ka dhacay Itoobiya"]//Garowe Online. 28 Agoosto 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170910220859/http://www.africareview.com/News/Somali+government+and+Jubaland+strike+a+deal/-/979180/1972618/-/3a6xv7z/-/index.html "Dowladda Soomaaliya iyo Jubbaland oo heshiis nabadeed kala saxiixday"]//2017 11 Sebtembar 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190914005420/https://ecadforum.com/2019/08/22/somalias-controversial-jubbaland-polls-incumbent-wins-re-election/ "Doorashada Jubbaland ee Soomaaliya oo lagu muransan yahay: Madaxweynaha hadda talada haya oo ku guuleystay dib u doorashada"] //23 Agoosto 2019 [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/8/22/somalias-jubaland-region-re-elects-ahmed-mohamed-as-president "Jubbaland oo mar labaad u dooratay madaxweyne Axmed Maxamed"]//22 Agoosto 2019. Waxaa laga kaydiyay asalka 20ka Abriil 2024 [https://www.france24.com/en/20200614-somalia-recognizes-contested-leader-in-semi-autonomous-border-state muransan yahay oo ka jira xudduudaha maamul-goboleedka ah"]//France24. 14 Juun 2020. [https://middle-east-online.com/en/jubaland-rejects-somalia%E2%80%99s-recognition-its-leader-madobe "Jubbaland waxay diiday in Somalia ay aqoonsato Hogaamiyeheeda Madoobe"]//Bariga Dhexe Online. 15ka Juun 2020. [https://www.africanews.com/2024/11/28/somalia-and-jubaland-issue-warrants-of-arrest-for-their-respective-leaders/ Soomaaliya iyo Jubaland oo soo saaray amar lagu soo xirayo madaxdooda"]//Africanews . 28 Noofambar 2024 . 28 Noofambar 2024 7y599buv1p1ai755a1tt2hd7wl2x23s 0 45112 302017 290635 2026-07-13T00:30:39Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | honorific_prefix = | name = CDQ | honorific_suffix = | image = CDQ pix.jpg | image_upright = | image_size = 250 | landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --> | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = Sodiq Abubakar Yusuf | alias = CDQ olowo | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|05|06}} | birth_place = Orile, [[Lagos State]], Nigeria | origin = | death_date = <!-- {{death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date 1st) --> | death_place = | genre = {{hlist|[[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]|[[Afrobeats]]}} | occupation = {{hlist|Fanaan | heesaa | qoraa heesaha}} | instrument = [[Vocal]]s | years_active = 2008–present | label = No Struggle No Success | associated_acts = {{hlist|[[Masterkraft (producer)|Masterkraft]]|[[Runtown]]|[[Olamide]]|[[Davido]]|[[Wizkid (muusikiiste)|Wizkid]]}} | website = <!-- {{URL|www.example.com}} --> | module = | module2 = | module3 = }} '''Sodiq Abubakar Yusuf''' (wuxuu dhashay May 6, 1985) oo caan ku ah masraxa magaciisa CDQ , waa rapper Nigeria asal ahaan ka soo jeeda, heesaa iyo heesaa caan ah oo loogu magac daray "Nowo E Soke" oo uu ku jiro Wizkid iyo Masterkraft's Indomie halkaas oo lagu soo bandhigay Olamide Iyadoo kii hore uu qalab u yahay inuu bilaabo xirfadiisa mihnadaha muusikada Nigeria, ka dib wuxuu ku guuleystay abaalmarintiisii ​​​​ugu horeysay ee 2016 Nigerian Music Video Awards. Waxa uu ku saxeexan yahay sumaddiisa Halgan la’aan Ma Jirto Madadaalada, Riwaayadda CDQ ee muusiga waxa ka mid ah kufsiga luuqada Yoruba oo ay ku darayso xayeysiisyada sida kan caanka ah ee “Woss Wobi” oo uu isagu alifay ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== Sodiq Abubakar Yusuf waa u dhashay Ilorin , Kwara State , Nigeria; laakiin wuxuu ku dhashay Orile, xaafad ku taal Lagos . Markii uu dib ugu soo laabtay Gobolka Lagos ee ka yimid Ilorin halkaas oo uu ku dhameystay waxbarashadiisa dugsiga sare, waxa uu sii watay waxbarashadiisa Jaamacadda Gobolka Lagos halkaas oo uu kaga qalin jabiyay B.Sc ee dhaqaalaha ==Tixraac== [http://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/04/cdq-names-wizkid-davido-kings-nigerian-music/ "CDQ waxay magacawday Wizkid, Davido boqorada muusiga Nigeria - Vanguard News"] [https://entertainment.naij.com/642544-exclusive-will-rather-remain-razz-posh-broke-famous-nigerian-artist.html "SIGAAR AH: Waxaan ka jeclaan lahaa inaan Razz sii ahaado intii aan ahaan lahaa mid caan ah oo la jebiyey fanaanka caanka ah ee reer Nigeria"] {{Wayback|url=https://entertainment.naij.com/642544-exclusive-will-rather-remain-razz-posh-broke-famous-nigerian-artist.html |date=20170223175412 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20160506212812/http://thenet.ng/2016/01/cdq-to-drop-visuals-for-nowo-e-soke-featuring-wizkid-tomorrow/ "CDQ si ay u daadiso muuqaalada 'Nowo e soke' oo muujinaya Wizkid berrito - Nigerian Entertainment Today - Website-ka ugu sarreeya Nigeria ee wararka, xanta, majaajilada, Fiidiyowyada, Blogs, Dhacdooyinka, Arooska, Nollywood, Celebs, Scoop iyo Games"] fxxtdq8zln6j27nebri9z6bqg7zziql 0 47722 302021 299089 2026-07-13T01:47:50Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ship |section1={{Infobox ship/image |image= |image_caption= }} |section2={{Infobox ship/career |hide_header= | country=Tanzania | flag={{shipboxflag|Tanzania}} |name= MV ''Butiama'' |namesake= Magaalada [[Butiama]] |owner= |operator= [[Marine Services Company Limited]] |registry= |route= [[Mwanza]] ilaa [[Nansio]] |ordered= |builder= |original_cost= |yard_number= |way_number= |launched= |completed= |christened= |acquired=1980 |maiden_voyage= |in_service= |out_of_service= |identification= |fate= |status= Adeegga ku jira |notes= }} |section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics |hide_header= |header_caption= |class= |type= |tonnage= 100 tan |displacement= |length= |beam= |height= |draught= |draft= |depth= |decks= |power= |propulsion= |speed= |capacity= 180 rakaab ah |crew= |notes= }} }} '''MV ''Butiama''''' waa markab rakaab iyo xamuul ah oo ay maamusho [[Marine Services Company Limited]] oo ka tirsan [[Tanzania]] tan iyo 1980-kii. ==Taariikh== MV ''Butiama'' waxaa la dhisay 1980-kii, waana mid ka mid ah maraakiibta ugu yar yar.{{Clarify|reason=Smallest of which ships?|date=Ogosto 2020}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://habarileo.co.tz/habari/2020-02-185e4b969407dd0.aspx|title=ENZI ZA USAFIRI WA MELI INAVYORUDI ZIWA VICTORIA|work=Habari Leo|date=18 Febraayo 2020}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Dayactir== Ka dib markii markabku joojiyay adeeggiisii 2014-kii, dawladdu waxay ku bixisay [[Tanzanian_shilling|TSh&nbsp;]]4.9&nbsp;bilyan si loo dayactiro.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://habarileo.co.tz/habari/2020-08-135f357a2adee84.aspx|title=NEW-LOOK VICTORIA, BUTIAMA SHIPS BACK IN SERVICE SUNDAY|work=Habari Leo|date=14 Ogosto 2020}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201506020579.html|title=Tanzania: MV Butiama Lined Up for 1.33 Billion/ - Repairs|work=All Africa|date=2 Juun 2015}}</ref> Bishii Ogosto 2020, ''Butiama'' oo si cusub loo dayactiray ayaa dib ugu soo laabatay adeeggii ka dib muddo dheer oo ay shaqada ka maqnayd, waxayna bilowday inay ka hawlgasho inta u dhaxaysa [[Mwanza]] iyo [[Nansio]] oo ku taal [[Ukerewe Island|Jasiiradda Ukerewe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ippmedia.com/en/news/mv-butiama-revamp-great-news-ukerewe-residents|title=MV Butiama revamp great news for Ukerewe residents|work=IPP Media|date=20 Ogosto 2020}}</ref> Waxay qaadi kartaa 180 rakaab ah iyo 100 tan oo xamuul ah.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailynews.co.tz/news/2020-08-135f357a2adee84.aspx|title=NEW-LOOK VICTORIA, BUTIAMA SHIPS BACK IN SERVICE SUNDAY|work=Daily News|date=14 Ogosto 2020}}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Butiama}} 14lmyn9h8ehwry78qdtsa2p0m2cmddw 0 47732 302022 299989 2026-07-13T01:51:56Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ship |section1={{Infobox ship/image |image= MV Victoria.jpg |image_caption= ''Victoria'' oo ku xiran [[Bukoba]], [[Tansaaniya]] sanadkii 2012. }} |section2={{Infobox ship/career |hide_header = |country = [[Gumeysigii Kenya]] |flag = {{shipboxflag|British East Africa}} |name = RMS ''Victoria'' |owner = |registry = [[Kisumu]] |route = hareeraha [[Harada Fiktooriya]] |ordered = |builder = [[Yarrow Shipbuilders Limited]]<ref name=SBS>{{cite web |url= http://www.clydeships.co.uk/view.php?year_built=&builder=&a1Page=9&ref=23130&vessel=VICTORIA |title=Victoria |work=Scottish Built Ships |publisher=Caledonian Maritime Research Trust |accessdate=26 October 2020}}</ref> |original_cost = |yard_number = 2165<ref name=SBS/> |way_number = |laid_down = |launched = *1959 (Paisley); *5 Sebtembar 1960 (Kisumu)<ref name=SBS/> |completed = Juun 1961<ref name=SBS/> |christened = |acquired = |commissioned = 22 Luulyo 1961<ref name=SBS/> |maiden_voyage = |in_service = |out_of_service = |identification = |fate = |notes = }} |section3={{Infobox ship/career |country=[[Kenya]] |flag={{Shipboxflag|Kenya}} |name= ''Victoria'' |registry = [[Kisumu]] |acquired= |fate=Loo wareejiyay Tansaaniya }} |section4={{Infobox ship/career |country=[[Tansaaniya]] |flag={{shipboxflag|Tanzania}} |operator = [[Marine Services Company Limited]] |registry = [[Mwanza]] |route = Mwanza – Bukoba |name= ''Victoria'' |acquired = 1977 |status = Adeegga ku jira }} |section5={{Infobox ship/characteristics |hide_header = |header_caption = |class = |type = [[Kivuko]] |tonnage = {{GRT|1353}}<ref name=SBS/> |displacement = |length = {{cvt|261.3|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name=SBS/> |beam = {{cvt|40.0|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name=SBS/> |height = {{cvt|13.0|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name=SBS/> |draught = {{cvt|8.3|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name=SBS/> |depth = |decks = |deck_clearance = |ramps = |power = |propulsion = *mataano [[Crossley]] [[Mashiinka naaftada ee badda|mashiinnada naaftada]], *mataano minjooyin<ref name=SBS/> |speed = {{cvt|13.5|kn|km/h|0}}<ref name=SBS/> |capacity =*asal ahaan: *230 rakaab ah; *200 tan oo xamuul ah<ref name=Kenya>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/stream/Kenya_60/Kenya2_djvu.txt |title=Kenya |author= |date=1961 |work=[[Internet Archive]] |publisher=Internet Archive |accessdate=2011-05-18}}</ref> |crew = |notes = }} }} '''MV ''Victoria''''' waa [[Kivukada Harada Fiktooriya|kivuko Harada Fiktooriya]] oo ay maamusho [[Marine Services Company Limited]] ee [[Tansaaniya]]. Ilaa [[Taariikhda Kenya#Xorriyadda|xorriyaddii Kenya]] ee ka timid [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] sannadkii 1963 waxay ahayd [[Royal Mail Ship]] '''RMS ''Victoria'''''.<ref name=McCrow>{{cite web |url=http://www.mccrow.org.uk/eastafrica/eastafricanrailways/MarineDivision/EARLakes.htm |title=Marine Services |last=McCrow |first=Malcolm |date= |work=[[East African Railways and Harbours]] |publisher=Malcolm McCrow |accessdate=2011-05-17}}</ref> Kadib waxay ku shaqeysay calanka Kenya ilaa 1977, markii loo wareejiyay Tansaaniya. ==Dhismaha== ''Victoria'' waxaa loo dhisay sidii markab "la kala furfuri karo". [[Yarrow Shipbuilders Limited]] waxay ku dhistay [[Scotstoun]], Glasgow, ka dibna way kala furtay Juun 1959.<ref name=SBS/> Waxaa markaas loo dhoofiyay 1,500 oo sanduuq iyada oo loo sii marayo [[Kilindini Harbour|Mombasa]]<ref name=Kenya/> ilaa [[Kisumu]] oo ku taal [[Harada Fiktooriya]], halkaas oo dib-u-ururinteeda la bilaabay Diseembar 1959 waxaana la daahfuray 5 Sebtembar 1960.<ref name=SBS/> Waxaa loo dhiibay [[East African Railways and Harbours Corporation]] (EAR&H) 26 Juun 1961 waxaana la magacaabay 22 Luulyo.<ref name=SBS/> Markii markabka la magacaabay [[Elizabeth II]] waxay siisay magaca [[Royal Mail Ship]] (RMS): markabka kaliya ee EAR&H ee helay sharafkan.<ref name=McCrow/> ==Adeegga== Markii la magacaabay 1961, ''Victoria'' waxay awood u lahayd 230 rakaab ah iyo 200 tan oo xamuul ah<ref name=Kenya/> waxayna lahayd qaboojiye loogu talagalay xamuulka halista ah.<ref name=Gazette>{{cite news |title=Gazette Notice No 3467; East Africa Railways & Harbours; Amendments to Tariff Book No 3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CEyq-iw1WQAC&q=%22RMS+Victoria%22+%22Kenya+Gazette%22&pg=PA857 |newspaper=Kenya Gazette |volume=LXIII |date=1961-07-18 |accessdate=2011-05-18}}</ref> Waxay la wareegtay adeeggii wareegga ee EAR&H ee hareeraha dekedaha Harada Fiktooriya, iyadoo dhimaysa wadarta wakhtiga safarka ilaa laba maalmood iyo badh<ref name=Kenya/> taas oo u suurtagelisay inay u adeegto dhammaan dekedaha harada laba jeer toddobaadkii. EAR&H ayaa si waafaqsan soo bandhigtay qiimo dhimis cusub oo loogu talagalay rakaabka iyo qiimaha fasallada kala duwan ee xamuulka saaran.<ref name=Gazette/> Sannadkii 1977 EAR&H waxaa loo qaybiyay [[Kenya]], [[Tansaaniya]] iyo [[Ugaandha]] waxaana ''Victoria'' loo wareejiyay [[Tanzania Railways Limited|Tanzania Railways]] cusub. Sannadkii 1997 qaybta maraakiibta gudaha ee TRC waxay noqotay shirkad gaar ah, Marine Services Company Ltd.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mscltz.com/ |title=Home |publisher=Marine Services Company Limited |accessdate=2011-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910031156/http://www.mscltz.com/ |archive-date=10 September 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Victoria'' waa la dayactiray waxaana loo qorsheeyay inay ku soo laabato adeegga u dhexeeya [[Bukoba]] iyo [[Mwanza]] Juun 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dailynews.co.tz/news/2020-06-295ef97cc01adfb.aspx |last1=Mulisa |first1=Meddy |last2=Sanga |first2=Alex |title=It's all smile as MV Victoria bounces back to business |work=Daily News |date=29 June 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.habarileo.co.tz/habari/2020-08-105f30dc1a3a08f.aspx |last=Kamagi |first=Deogratius |title=PM demands swift licensing of MV Victoria |work=Habari Leo |date=10 August 2020 |access-date=2026-06-24 |archive-date=2020-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929104329/https://www.habarileo.co.tz/habari/2020-08-105f30dc1a3a08f.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Markabka ayaa bilaabay inuu u adeego wadada Mwanza-Bukoba sidii loo qorsheeyay Ogosto 2020 magaca "New Victoria".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dailynews.co.tz/news/2020-08-285f491d6dbc5e5 |last1=Kamala |first1=James |title=Break of dawn as New Victoria swings into action |work=Daily News |date=29 August 2020 |access-date=2026-06-24 |archive-date=2021-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105141420/https://dailynews.co.tz/news/2020-08-285f491d6dbc5e5 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kadib kormeer sanadle ah oo la qorsheeyay bishii Sebtembar 2021 markabku wuxuu dib u bilaabay hawlihiisii bil ka dib. <ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/-relief-as-mv-victoria-starts-services-again-3582930 |last1= Kaitira |first1= Mgongo |title= Relief as MV Victoria starts services again |work= The Citizen |date= 14 October 2021 |access-date= 24 Bisha Lixaad 2026 |archive-date= 4 Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211104222738/https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/-relief-as-mv-victoria-starts-services-again-3582930 |url-status= dead }}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist|2}} {{MSCL ships}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Victoria}} spek9i3a9i8z7mmknc1yms3qiizm5fc 0 48758 302076 301307 2026-07-13T02:54:05Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Tarangire | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Tarangine (208).jpg | image_size = | image_caption =Webiga Tarangire oo ku yaal Beerta Qaranka ee Tarangire, Tanzania. | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddan | subdivision_name1 = [[Tanzania]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobollada Tanzania|Gobol]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Manyara]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Gobollada Tanzania|Gobol]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Gobolka Dodoma]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Degmada Babati]] | source1_location = [[Gobolka Manyara]], [[Tanzania]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | source2 = [[Buuraha Irangi]], [[Degmada Kondoa]] | source2_location = [[Gobolka Dodoma]], [[Tanzania]] | source2_coordinates= | source2_elevation = | source3 = [[Isgarashinka Irangi]], [[Degmada Kondoa]] | source3_location = [[Gobolka Dodoma]], [[Tanzania]] | source3_coordinates= | source3_elevation = | mouth = [[Harada Burunge]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Tarangire''' waa wabi sanad laha ah oo ku yaal bartamaha [[Gobolka Manyara]] ee laanta bari ee [[Dooxada Weyn ee Afrika|Dooxada Rift ee Afrika]], gudaha waqooyiga [[Tanzania]]. == Koorsada == Isha biyaha ee Webiga Tarangire waxay ku yaallaan buuraleyda iyo isgarashinnada [[Degmada Babati]] ee [[Gobolka Manyara]] iyo [[Degmada Kondoa]] ee [[Gobolka Dodoma]], inta badan Buuraha Irangi iyo [[Isgarashinka]] Irangi ee Degmada Kondoa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Lamprey|first=H. F.|date=1963|title=The Tarangire Game Reserve|journal=Tanganyika Notes and Records|volume=60| pages = 10–22}}</ref> Webigu wuxuu ka kacaa Buuraha Wasi, wuxuuna hoos ugu dhacaa Isgarashinka bari ee Kondoa. Wuxuu u qulqulaa bari ilaa Chubi halkaas oo uu u leexdo waqooyi si uu u maro [[Beerta Qaranka ee Tarangire]]. Ka dib wuxuu u leexdaa galbeed ka dibna koonfur, ka hor inta uusan ku dhammaan [[afka webiga]] ee [[Harada Burunge]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Gereta|first=Emmanuel|last2=Meing’ataki|first2=Godwell Elias Ole|last3=Mduma|first3=Simon|last4=Wolanski|first4=Eric|title=The role of wetlands in wildlife migration in the Tarangire ecosystem, Tanzania|journal=Wetlands Ecology and Management|language=en|volume=12|issue=4|pages=285–299|doi=10.1007/s11273-005-3499-2|issn=0923-4861|year=2004}}</ref> == Deegaanka == Inta badan isha biyaha ee Webiga Tarangire ee aagga Buuraha Irangi ayaa ah kaymo leh geedaha deegaanka [[Kaymaha Miombo]] iyo dhir hooseed, kuwaas oo loo qoondeeyay ilaalinta gudaha kaydka kaymaha ee Salanka, Bereko, iyo Isabe.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rmportal.net/framelib/USFS_Tanzania_Kondoa_August2006.pdf |title=Charnley, S. and Overton, R., 2006. United States Forest Service–African Wildlife Foundation Collaboration Technical Assistance for Forest Management Planning in the Tarangire River Headwaters, Kondoa District, Tanzania. |access-date=2016-09-15 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924040849/https://rmportal.net/framelib/USFS_Tanzania_Kondoa_August2006.pdf }}</ref> Xaalufinta kaymaha ee beeraha iyo xumaanshaha kaymaha ee Buuraha Irangi iyo dhinaca Isgarashinka Irangi ayaa gacan ka geysanaya hoos u dhaca shaqada basin-ka Webiga Tarangire iyo [[dib-u-buuxinta xididada biyaha]].<ref name=":2" /></ref> Qulqulka Webiga Tarangire waa mid aad u xilliyeysan oo ku kala duwan sanadba sanadka kale. Xilliga roobka, roobabka ka da'a Buuraha Irangi iyo dhammaan basin-ka waxay keenaan qulqul sarreeya oo leh kor u kac degdeg ah iyo hoos u dhac ku yimaada heerka biyaha. Roobabku waxay da'aan ku dhowaad bisha Nofeembar–Jenawari iyo Maarso–Maajo. Waa mid aad u kala duwan, iyadoo celceliska roobabka sanadlaha ah ee guud ay yihiin {{convert|656|mm|in}} (isku-beddelka coefficient = 36.4%, kala duwanaansho 313–1,322).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Foley|first=Charles A. H.|last2=Faust|first2=Lisa J.|date=2010-04-01|title=Rapid population growth in an elephant Loxodonta africana population recovering from poaching in Tarangire National Park, Tanzania|journal=Oryx|volume=44|issue=2|pages=205–212|doi=10.1017/S0030605309990706|issn=1365-3008|doi-access=free}}</ref> Qulqulka webiga xilliga abaarta waa mid gaabis ah (qiyaastii 0.005 mitir kuyuubik ilbiriqsi kasta) oo si joogto ah hoos ugu dhacaya maadaama biyaha laga soo daayo dhoobada, ilaa meelo dhaadheer oo ka mid ah sariirta webiga ay noqdaan kuwo qallalan.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Webiga Tarangire waa isha ugu weyn ee biyaha macaan ee [[xoolaha soo hayaama]] iyo xayawaanka kale ee [[Nidaamka Deegaanka ee Tarangire]] inta lagu jiro xilliga abaarta sanadlaha ah.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Harada Manyara]] — ''haradii hore ee aagga''. * [[Nidaamka Deegaanka ee Tarangire]] — ''sidoo kale loo yaqaan Masai Steppe + Nidaamka Deegaanka ee Tarangire-Manyara''. == Tixraac == {{Reflist|30em}} {{coord|3|50|S|36|00|E|display=title|region:TZ_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} ixchudlaz9s0fljx7ld5n7kub7cy147 0 48759 302078 301308 2026-07-13T02:54:55Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Umba | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Umba OSM.png | map_size = 300 | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddan | subdivision_name1 = [[Tanzania]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Tanga]] | subdivision_type3 = Degmo | subdivision_name3 = [[Degmada Mkinga, Tanga|Mkinga]] | subdivision_type4 = [[Waddan]] | subdivision_name4 = [[Kenya]] | subdivision_type5 = Gobol | subdivision_name5 = [[Degmada Kwale]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Buuraha Usambara]], [[Degmada Lushoto, Tanga|Lushoto]], [[Gobolka Tanga]] ee [[Tanzania]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|2000|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Mayomboni]] ee [[Kanaalka Pemba]], [[Tanzania]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|4|40|50|S|39|12|48|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|7130|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = Mglumi; Bombo | tributaries_right = Mbalamu | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Umba''' ({{langx|sw|Mto Umba}}) wuxuu ku yaal waqooyi-bari [[Tanzania]] ee [[Degmada Lushoto, Tanga|Lushoto]] iyo [[Degmada Mkinga, Tanga|Mkinga]] ee [[Gobolka Tanga]]. Wuxuu ka kacaa kaynta Schageiu (Shagayu) ee galbeedka [[Buuraha Usambara]] ee Lushoto joog ahaan 2,000 m wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhinaca woqooyi ee buuraleyda ilaa bariga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ub.bildarchiv-dkg.uni-frankfurt.de/Bildprojekt/Lexikon/php/suche_db.php?suchname=umba|title=Deutsches Koloniallexikon 1920, SCHNEE, H.(Buchstabe: Umba)|access-date=2011-04-17|archive-date=2021-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925212012/http://www.ub.bildarchiv-dkg.uni-frankfurt.de/Bildprojekt/Lexikon/php/suche_db.php?suchname=Umba|url-status=dead}}</ref> Meesha [[Lelwa]] ayuu ku shubaa [[Webiga Mbalamu]], oo ka yimaada xagga woqooyi ee Buuraha Usambara, iyo [[Webiga Mglumi]] oo ku shubma Umba. Wax yar ka hor inta uusan Umba ku shubin [[Badweynta Hindiya]], wuxuu ka gudbaa xadka [[Kenya]]. Afka webiga laftiisa ayaa calaamadeeya barta ugu bari ee xadka u dhexeeya Tanzania iyo Kenya, taas oo inta badan loo sameeyay xariiq toosan oo loo jihayey waqooyi-galbeed dhanka [[Harada Victoria]] qarnigii 19-aad. Qaybaha sare ee webiga bartamihii 1960-meeyadii ayaa laga helay kayd qani ah oo dhagaxyo qaali ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[Yaquutka Umba|yaquut]] iyo [[Almandine|spessartine]]. Sidoo kale webiga waxaa ku yaal [[Kaydka Xayawaanka ee Webiga Umba]], oo ah kayd xayawaan oo ay ku jiraan [[Kaydka Xayawaanka ee Mkomazi]], qiyaastii 2,600 km². == Hidrometry == Qulqulka webiga waxaa la daawaday muddo 40 sano ah (1963–2003) ee Mbuta, oo ah magaalo ku taal qiyaastii 40 km ka sarreeya afka webiga. Celceliska qulqulka billaha ah ee webiga Umba ee xarunta hidroloojiga ee Mbuta (ee m³ / s) (loo xisaabiyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo xogta muddo 30 sano ah, 1954–84)<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.worldwatercongress2008.org/resource/authors/abs624_article.pdf | title=Unknown}}</ref> <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:220 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:60 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:20 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:10 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Jenawari bar:Fév text:Febraayo bar:Mar text:Maarso bar:Avr text:Abriil bar:Mai text:Maajo bar:Jun text:Juun bar:Jul text:Luulyo bar:Aoû text:Ogosto bar:Sep text:Sebtembar bar:Oct text:Oktoobar bar:Nov text:Nofeembar bar:Déc text:Diseembar PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 45 bar:Fév from:0 till: 10 bar:Mar from:0 till: 5 bar:Avr from:0 till: 8 bar:Mai from:0 till: 7 bar:Jun from:0 till: 4 bar:Jul from:0 till: 2 bar:Aoû from:0 till: 1 bar:Sep from:0 till: 1 bar:Oct from:0 till: 2 bar:Nov from:0 till: 3 bar:Déc from:0 till: 18 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 45 fontsize:S text: 45 shift:(-10,5) bar:Fév at: 10 fontsize:S text: 10 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 5 fontsize:S text: 5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Avr at: 8 fontsize:S text: 8 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mai at: 7 fontsize:S text: 7 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 4 fontsize:S text: 4 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 2 fontsize:S text: 2 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aoû at: 1 fontsize:S text: 1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 1 fontsize:S text: 1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 2 fontsize:S text: 2 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 3 fontsize:S text: 3 shift:(-10,5) bar:Déc at: 18 fontsize:S text: 18 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Juqraafiga Tanzania]] * [[Dooxada Umba]] * [[Yaquutka Umba]] jrelpthe7hnk3jl0zjoypkkmeutd25y 0 48760 302080 301309 2026-07-13T02:56:35Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Wami | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Wami River.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Spice Islands-Zanzibar highlighted-fr.svg | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddan | subdivision_name1 = [[Tanzania]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Pwani]] | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Gobolka Morogoro]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|60.6|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Gobolka Morogoro]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Saadani]] ee [[Badweynta Hindiya]], [[Gobolka Pwani]], Tanzania | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|7|S|38|49|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|43946|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = Mkata | tributaries_right = Lukigura; Mjonga; Chogoati | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Wami''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gobolka Pwani]], Tanzania. Isha biyaha ee Wami iyo wabi-gacmeedyadiisa waxay ka soo jeedaan [[Buuraha Eastern Arc]] ee [[Gobolka Morogoro]]. Webigu wuxuu markaas u qulqulaa waqooyi-bari isagoo maraya Gobolka Pwani si uu ugu shubo [[Badweynta Hindiya]] galbeedka jasiiradda [[Zanzibar]]. Wami wuxuu qulquliyaa baaxad dhan 43,946&nbsp;km².<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wami/ruvu basin water office-Location map |url=http://wamiruvubasin.com/location.html |website=wamiruvubasin.com |access-date=2026-07-10 |archive-date=2011-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901223607/http://wamiruvubasin.com/location.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baaxadda biyaha waxay u fidsan tahay afar gobol oo deegaan ah. [[Kaymaha xeebta ee Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane]] waxay ku fidsan yihiin xeebta Badweynta Hindiya. Gudaha gudaha, [[Kaymaha miombo]] iyo dhul-daaqsimeedyada xilliyada qaarkood fatahaaduhu saameeyaan ayaa daboolaya bannaannada baaxadda dhexe. Bannaannadan waxaa ku xaddidan dhanka waqooyi-galbeed buuraha [[Buuraha Rubeho|Rubeho]], [[Buuraha Ukaguru|Ukakuru]], [[Buuraha Nguru|Nguru]], iyo [[Buuraha Nguu|Nguu]], kuwaas oo ah qaar ka mid ah safafka Eastern Arc. Buuraha Eastern Arc waxay qabtaan dabeylo qoyan oo ka imanaya Badweynta Hindiya, waxayna helaan roobab ka badan kuwa bannaannada ku xeeran. Roobabka badankoodu waxay da'aan xilliga roobka ee Nofeembar ilaa Maajo, in kasta oo ceeryaamo iyo roobab fudud ay ka dhacaan meelaha sare xilliga abaaraha. Dhinacyada bari iyo koonfur ee buuraha ee dabayshu hayso ayaa hela roobab ka badan jiirarka waqooyi iyo galbeed. Roobabkan ayaa taageera [[Kaymaha Eastern Arc|kaymaha buuraleyda]] iyo sidoo kale wabiyaasha iyo durdurrada Wami.<ref>"Eastern Arc forests". ''World Wildlife Fund'' ecoregion profile. Accessed 10 September 2019. [https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0109]</ref> Kaymaha Eastern Arc waxay muhiim u yihiin labadaba ilaalinta iyo dhexdhexaadinta qulqulka wabiyaasha.<ref>Ngana, James, Florence Mahay, and Katharine Cross (2010). ''The Wami Basin: A Situation Analysis.'' IUCN Eastern and Southern Africa Programme, 2010. xviii + 92 pp.</ref> Webiga xilliyeedka [[Webiga Kinyasangwe]] wuxuu ku fidsan yahay galbeedka buuraha Eastern Arc ilaa [[Dodoma]], isagoo qulqulinaya qaybta koonfureed ee [[Maasai Steppe]] oo ahayd mid engegan, taas oo ku taal [[hooska roobka]] ee Buuraha Eastern Arc.<ref>Ngana, James, Florence Mahay, and Katharine Cross (2010). ''The Wami Basin: A Situation Analysis.'' IUCN Eastern and Southern Africa Programme, 2010. xviii + 92 pp.</ref> Kaliya ka dib markii uu ka baxo basin-ka [[Webiga Mkata]] ee ku yaal cirifka waqooyi ee [[Beerta Qaranka ee Mikumi]] ayuu magaciisu noqonayaa Wami.<ref>{{Google books |id=VLjafeXa3gMC |page=247 |title=A Directory of African Wetlands }}</ref> Sababo la xiriira [[xaalufinta kaymaha]] iyo isbeddelka cimilada ee gobolka, qulqulka biyuhu wuu yaraaday.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalugendo |first=Praxeda Paul |title=Impact of Climate Variability on Groundwater in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |url=http://www.gwclim.org/presentations/session5/kalugendo.pdf |url-status=dead |access-date=2026-07-10 |archive-date=2012-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322201351/http://www.gwclim.org/presentations/session5/kalugendo.pdf }}</ref> Meel u dhow afkiisa, Webiga Wami wuxuu sameeyaa xadka koonfureed ee [[Beerta Qaranka ee Saadani]], oo ah beerta qaran ee kaliya ee xeebta ku taal ee Tanzania. == Hidrometry == Qulqulka webiga waxaa la daawaday muddo 30 sano ah (1954–84) magaalada Mandera oo qiyaastii 50 km ka sarreysa afka webiga. Celceliska qulqulka sanadlaha ah ee Mandera intii lagu jiray muddadan wuxuu ahaa 60.6 m³ / s oo ay quudiyeen aag ku dhow 82% ee guud ahaan baaxadda qulqulka webiga. <div class="center"> '''Celceliska qulqulka billaha ah ee webiga Wami ee xarunta hidroloojiga ee Mandera (ee m³ / s )'''<br /> (Loo xisaabiyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo xogta muddo 30 sano ah, 1954–84)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=A profile of the Wami River Sub-Basin |url=https://www.crc.uri.edu/download/wami_profile_tagged_final_Nov08.pdf |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=crc.uri.edu}}</ref> <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:250 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:220 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:20 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:10 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Jenawari bar:Fév text:Febraayo bar:Mar text:Maarso bar:Avr text:Abriil bar:Mai text:Maajo bar:Jun text:Juun bar:Jul text:Luulyo bar:Aoû text:Ogosto bar:Sep text:Sebtembar bar:Oct text:Oktoobar bar:Nov text:Nofeembar bar:Déc text:Diseembar PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 60 bar:Fév from:0 till: 52 bar:Mar from:0 till: 70 bar:Avr from:0 till: 210 bar:Mai from:0 till: 150 bar:Jun from:0 till: 50 bar:Jul from:0 till: 25 bar:Aoû from:0 till: 20 bar:Sep from:0 till: 18 bar:Oct from:0 till: 15 bar:Nov from:0 till: 25 bar:Déc from:0 till: 50 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 60 fontsize:S text: 60 shift:(-10,5) bar:Fév at: 52 fontsize:S text: 52 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 70 fontsize:S text: 70 shift:(-10,5) bar:Avr at: 210 fontsize:S text: 210 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mai at: 150 fontsize:S text: 150 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 50 fontsize:S text: 50 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 25 fontsize:S text: 25 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aoû at: 20 fontsize:S text: 20 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 18 fontsize:S text: 18 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 15 fontsize:S text: 15 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 25 fontsize:S text: 25 shift:(-10,5) bar:Déc at: 50 fontsize:S text: 50 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> </div> == Sawirro == <gallery class="center" widths="145px"> The National Archives UK - CO 1069-164-22.jpg|Furitaanka [[Wami Bridge|Mandera Bridge]] Bundesarchiv Bild 105-DOA0596, Deutsch-Ostafrika, Kissanke, Wami-Fluss.jpg|Webiga Wami intii u dhaxeysay 1906 iyo 1918 ee Kissanke Wami River 2012.jpg|2012 File:Река Вами (Танзания).jpg|Hippopotamus amphibius </gallery> == Tixraac == <references/> {{Commons}} 4yqtsbbqwyz9h4fshwtdp31v3eus0ah 0 48763 302058 301313 2026-07-13T02:48:24Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302058 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Mkulumuzi''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Gobolka Tanga]], [[Tanzania]]. Webigu wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Gacanka Tanga]] ee [[Kanaalka Pemba]]. Waa qayb ka mid ah basin-ka [[Webiga Pangani]].<ref name="PBWB">{{cite web|url=http://www.panganibasin.com/|title=Pangani Basin|publisher=Pangani Basin Water Board|accessdate=9 October 2011|archive-date=21 Bisha Tobnaad 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021212915/http://www.panganibasin.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Marean, Curtis W., and John J. Shea. "Archaeological reconnaissance of the Mkulumuzi and Sigi river valleys, Tanga District, Tanzania." Nyame akuma 45 (1996): 72-81.</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} 0ud48mrswv1u4abf081s8egszo3hk53 0 48765 302074 301315 2026-07-13T02:53:43Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Shire | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Shiré, Chire | name_etymology = [[Af-Chewa|Chewa]] ''chiri'', "banna taagan"<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/29778127|title=Shire, Shirwak and Nyasa |author=Price, T.|year=1966|journal=The Society of Malawi Journal|volume=19|issue=1|pages=15-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://historyofmalawi.com/?p=872|title=The Mighty Shire River – History Of Malawi|access-date=2026-07-10|archive-date=2023-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411075408/https://historyofmalawi.com/?p=872|url-status=dead}}</ref> <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Shire fluss nsanje.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Shire oo u dhow [[Nsanje]], Malawi | map = Shire (rivière).png | map_size = 280px | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddan | subdivision_name1 = [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|402|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = 486 m3/s | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Harada Malawi]] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|14|25|25|S|35|14|10|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|474|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Webiga Zambezi|Zambezi]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|17|41|36|S|35|18|55|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Shire''' waa webiga ugu weyn [[Malawi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldsenz.blogspot.com/2010/12/shire-river-malawi.html|title=The Ruins of the Moment: Shire River, Malawi — Photos by Pete McGregor|date=December 20, 2010}}</ref> Waa marin-biyoodka kaliya ee ka baxa [[Harada Malawi]] wuxuuna ku shubmaa webiga [[Zambezi]] ee dalka [[Mozambique]]. Dhererkiisu waa {{convert|402|km|mi}}. Webiga Shire ee sare wuxuu ka soo qulqulaa Harada Malawi wuxuuna socdaa qiyaastii {{convert|12|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} ka hor inta uusan gelin [[Harada Malombe]] oo ah haro gacmeed. Ka dib wuxuu ka daadaa Harada Malombe wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur isagoo maraya [[Beerta Qaranka ee Liwonde]] halkaas oo ay ku nool yihiin tiro badan oo naasleyda biyaha (hippo) ah oo ku baahsan xeebaha. Inta u dhaxaysa magaalooyinka [[Matope]] iyo [[Chikwawa]], webiga dhexe wuxuu hoos u dhacaa qiyaastii {{convert|1300|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}} isagoo mara taxane biyo-dhacyo iyo dooxooyin ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[Kapachira Falls]]. Labo biyo-xireen oo korontada laga dhaliyo ayaa laga dhisay webiga Shire waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Blantyre]]. Ka baxsan [[Chikwawa]], webiga hoose wuxuu u leexdaa koonfur-bari wuxuuna galaa bannaanka hooseeya ee Mozambique. Wabi-gacmeedkiisa ugu weyn uguna waara, [[Webiga Ruo]], wuxuu ku biiraa Shire meel u dhow magaalada [[Chiromo]] ee Malawi. Biyaha dhoobada leh ayaa mara aag weyn oo biyo fadhiisin ah oo loo yaqaan [[Elephant Marsh]] ka hor inta aysan gaarin kulanka webiga [[Zambezi]] ee koonfurta magaalada [[Sena, Mozambique]]. Sannadkii 1859, safarkii labaad ee [[David Livingstone]] ee [[Zambezi]] ayaa u safray webiga Shire.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Briggs|first1=Philip|title=Malawi|date=2016|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=9781784770143|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQueDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA9|page=9|language=en}}</ref> Dooxada webiga waa qayb ka mid ah nidaamka [[Dooxada Weyn ee Afrika]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mappoint.msn.com/(rddmzdbprlpfsl5504qmz245)/map.aspx?C=0%2c0&A=100000&L=WLD0409 |title=Live Search Maps |access-date=2007-08-09 |archive-date=2007-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203211025/http://mappoint.msn.com/(rddmzdbprlpfsl5504qmz245)/map.aspx?C=0%2C0&A=100000&L=WLD0409 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Ferry over Shire River in Mozambique.JPG|thumb|left|250px|Dooni ay ku gudbayaan Webiga Shire ee Mozambique]] {{clear|left}} == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} 8btr2masmut6n977a7kshf4xyhu5o0q 0 48767 302044 301317 2026-07-13T02:44:34Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Lilongwe | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Lilongwe.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddan | subdivision_name1 = [[Malawi]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 200 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Harada Malawi]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Lilongwe'''<ref>{{cite web |title=UNA Rivers: Lilongwe - ICLEI |url=https://cbc.iclei.org/una-rivers-lilongwe/ |website=cbc.iclei.org |access-date=19 March 2026 |archive-date=29 Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251029144138/https://cbc.iclei.org/una-rivers-lilongwe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> waa [[wabi]] ku yaal [[Malawi]]. Wuxuu dhex maraa [[Lilongwe]], oo ah caasimadda dalka. Webigu wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii 200 km, wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Harada Malawi]]. Wuxuu ka soo jeedaa Kaydka Kaynta ee Dzalanyama, oo u dhexeeya xadka degmooyinka Lilongwe iyo [[Dedza]]. Webiga Lilongwe waa isha ugu weyn ee biyaha dadka deggan magaalada Lilongwe. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|13|47|S|34|25|E|display=title|region:MW_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} n4jfrb7cmjyc5nnl77m6o5vcmbvn8kq 0 48769 302036 301319 2026-07-13T02:39:58Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302036 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shire Basin OSM.png|right|thumb|330px|Webiga Dwangwa (bartamaha bidix)]] '''Webiga Dwangwa''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Malawi]], kaas oo ku shubma [[Harada Malawi]]. Isha uu ka soo bilaabo waa [[Beerta Qaranka ee Kasungu]], oo ku taal [[bannaanka dhexe ee Malawi]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa waqooyi-bari isagoo ka imanaya bannaankan isagoo dhex mara doox qadiimi ah. Afka webiga ayaa ka soo baxa doox dhawaan la qoday, wuxuuna galaa harada.<ref name="EB" /> Sidoo kale wuxuu dhex maraa [[Bana Swamp]]. Dhererkiisu waa qiyaastii 100 mayl (160&nbsp;km).<ref name="EB">[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9031645/Dwangwa-River Dwangwa River] Encyclopædia Britannica, Accessed November 2006</ref> Webiga waxaa loo isticmaalaa labadaba [[waraabka]] iyo dhalinta [[korontada biyaha]].<ref>[http://www.worldpumps.com/business_news/articles/300806_denorco.htmlDenorco sends axial flow pumps to Malawi]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} World Pumps, 2005. Accessed November 2006</ref> Waa wabi kalluumeysi, waxaana webiga laga helaa [[kalluunka badda/haleyga]].<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/T0473E/T0473E05.htm Source Book for the inland fishery resources of Africa, volume 1] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Accessed November 2006</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Malawi}} {{coord|12|31|S|34|12|E|display=title|region:MW_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} 0sf4brmd9bmj2lndqqyoldrh99obs6d 0 48770 302081 301320 2026-07-13T02:56:36Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302081 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Waqooyiga Rukuru''' waa wabi ku yaal waqooyiga [[Malawi]]. [[File:Shire Basin OSM.png|right|thumb|330px|Webiga North Rukuru (bidixda sare)]] Wuxuu ka soo kacaa [[Nyika Plateau]] ka dibna qiyaastii 100 km ka dib wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Harada Malawi]] meel u dhow [[Karonga]]. Webigu wuxuu wadaa biyo sannadka oo dhan. Webigu wuxuu qulquliyaa mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu roobka badan Malawi, isagoo leh celcelis ahaan 1140 mm oo roob ah sannadkii. == Dalxiiska iyo ganacsiga == Kaydka yuraaniyaamka ayaa ku yaal [[Kayelekera mine|Kayelekera]] oo ku taal Basin-ka Northern Rukuru, oo ah basin Karoo ah, waxaana lagu qiyaasay inuu ka kooban yahay qiyaastii 11,500 oo tan oo yuraaniyaam ah waxaana laga qodayay macdan laga soo saaro 2009 ilaa 2014.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/international/malawi/mineral_potential_of_malawi_3.pdf | title=Karoo and post-Karoo (coal, uranium, industrial minerals and gemstones) | work=Mineral Potential of Malawi | date=2009 | accessdate=2025-02-25 | language=en | format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://ir.paladinenergy.com.au/FormBuilder/DocumentDownload.ashx?item=qeST7KVftUOabxBArSF2rw&Preview=1 | title=Paladin Energy Ltd Annual Report 2013 | accessdate=2025-02-25 | language=en | format=PDF | archive-date=2014-12-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213185233/http://ir.paladinenergy.com.au/FormBuilder/DocumentDownload.ashx?item=qeST7KVftUOabxBArSF2rw&Preview=1 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Webiyada [[Webiga Bua|Bua]], [[Webiga Dwangwa|Dangwa]], [[Webiga Lilongwe|Lilongwe]], [[Webiga Lufilya|Lufilya]], North Rukuru, [[Webiga Songwe|Songwe]], [[Webiga South Rukuru|South Rukuru]] ayaa dhammaantood leh awood kalluumeysi oo gaaraysa 15,000 oo tan sannadkii, sida ay sheegtay [[Ururka Cunnada iyo Beeraha|FAO]]. Inta u dhaxaysa 4,000 iyo 17,000 oo tan ayaa la qabtaa. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Rivers of Malawi}} {{coord|9|54|S|33|56|E|display=title|region:MW_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} 528eyt6kusz2isampai4jayfyofowfn 0 48779 302054 301330 2026-07-13T02:46:45Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Mano | image = Liberia Mano River.png | image_size = 250px | image_caption = Webiga Mano | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | source1_location = [[Guinea Highlands]], [[Sierra Leone]] | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Sierra Leone]]|[[Liberia]]}} | length_km = 320 | length_ref = <ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg =(Xilliga: 1979–2015) {{cvt|11.22|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}} (Xilliga: 1971–2000) {{cvt|369.8|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="North Africa-West Coast"/> | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Atlantic]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|55|15|N|11|30|21|W|region:SL-S_type:waterbody_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} | river_system= Webiga Mano | tributaries_left= | tributaries_right= | basin_size_km2 = 7,634 | basin_size_ref = <ref name="River Basins">{{cite web|url=http://twap-rivers.org/indicators|title=River Basins|access-date=2024-01-29|archive-date=2024-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117234333/http://twap-rivers.org/indicators/|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} '''Webiga Mano''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Galbeedka Afrika]]. Wuxuu ka soo jeedaa [[Guinea Highlands]] ee [[Liberia]] wuxuuna qayb ka yahay [[xadka Liberia-Sierra Leone]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mano-River|title=Mano River {{!}} river, West Africa|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-06-30|language=en}}</ref> Degmooyinka uu webigu dhex maro waxaa ka mid ah aagga [[Parrot's Beak (Guinea)|Parrot's Beak]] ee [[Guinea]], [[Lofa County]] ee Liberia iyo [[Kono District|Kono]] iyo [[Kailahun District]] ee Sierra Leone. Macdanta [[dheeman]]-ta waa warshad weyn oo ku taal aaggan. Xakamaynta hantida aagga iyo xasillooni darrada dawladaha qaranka ee dhammaan saddexda waddan ayaa horseeday taxane iskahorimaadyo rabshado wata oo ay ku lug leeyihiin degmooyinkan 1990-meeyadii (Fiiri [[Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Sierra Leone]], [[Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Koowaad ee Liberia]], [[Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Labaad ee Liberia]]). Liberia iyo Sierra Leone waxay aasaaseen [[Mano River Union]] 1973.<ref name="Declaration">{{cite web|url=http://wits.worldbank.org/GPTAD/PDF/archive/MRU.pdf|title=No. 13608 (Mano River Declaration)|publisher=[[World Bank]]}}</ref> Guinea waxay ku biirtay 1980. Waxaa dib loo hawlgeliyay 2004 sidii urur kastam iyo dhaqaale; Côte d'Ivoire waxay ku biirtay 2008.<ref name="ADBG">{{cite web|url=http://www.afdb.org/en/projects-and-operations/project-portfolio/project/p-z1-kf0-019/|title=MANO River Union Capacity Building and Technical Assistance for Institutional Strengthening|publisher=[[African Development Bank|African Development Bank Group]]}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 3trf49tjt631exfo93ou87hc5c9xcep 0 48780 302046 301331 2026-07-13T02:44:39Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Lofa | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | source1_location = [[Macenta Prefecture]] ee [[Guinea]] | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Atlantic]] koonfurta [[Robertsport]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|34|26|N|11|3|38|W|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = [[Guinea]] iyo [[Liberia]] | length_km = 410 | source1_elevation = {{cvt|940|m|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|0|m|abbr=on}} | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg=(Xilliga: 1979–2015) {{cvt|18.63|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Basins">{{cite web|url=http://twap-rivers.org/indicators|title=River Basins|access-date=2026-07-10|archive-date=2024-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117234333/http://twap-rivers.org/indicators/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | basin_size_km2 = 10,446 | basin_size_ref = <ref name="River Basins"/> }} '''Lofa''' ama '''Loffa''' waa wabi ay [[isha]] biyihiisu ka soo bilaabmaan bariga [[Guinea]] waqooyi-bari ee [[Macenta]]. Webigu wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed isagoo maraya waqooyi-bari ee [[Liberia]] ka hor inta uusan ku shubin [[Badweynta Atlantic|Badweynta Atlantic ee Waqooyi]].<ref name=map>(1) {{cite web|url=https://www.worldometers.info/img/maps/liberia_physical_map.gif|title=Liberia Physical Map|work=Worldometers|accessdate=24 June 2020}}.<br>(2) {{cite web|url=http://ontheworldmap.com/liberia/liberia-political-map.jpg|title=Liberia Political Map|work=OnTheWorldMap|accessdate=24 June 2020}}.</ref> Taariikh ahaan waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanay '''Webiga Little Cape Mount'''.<ref name="expl">{{cite book | title = African-American Exploration in West Africa: Four Nineteenth-century Diaries |author1=Sims, James L. |author2=Seymour, George L. |author3=Anderson, Benjamin J. K. |author4=Fairhead, James | isbn = 0-253-34194-9|publisher = [[Indiana University Press]] |year = 2003 | page = 375}}</ref> [[Webiga Lawa]] wuxuu galaa Webiga Lofa ee [[Lofa County]] ee Liberia.<ref name=map/> Noocyada asaliga ah ee ku nool waxaa ka mid ah [[pygmy hippopotamus]].<ref name="nyt">{{cite news | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1912/07/14/100542377.pdf | title = At last New York has a pair of pygmy hippos | date = July 14, 1912 | accessdate = 2009-01-12 | format = PDF | work = [[The New York Times]] }}</ref> Dhowr ka mid ah [[macdan qodista dheemanka]] ayaa la siiyay xaq loogu qodo hareeraha Webiga Lofa dabayaaqadii 1950-meeyadii iyo horraantii 1960-meeyadii.<ref name="diamonds">{{cite book | title = West African Diamonds | author = Greenhalgh, Peter | isbn = 0-7190-1763-7 | pages = 72–73 | year = 1985 | publisher = Manchester University Press}}</ref> == Qoraal == {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} gv1ov0yyvjalxcnv37tgg9oy1t0nzir 0 48782 302071 301334 2026-07-13T02:53:18Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Saint Paul | image = Saint Paul River Location Map.svg | image_size = 300px | image_caption = Goobta Webiga Saint Paul | map = | map_caption = | source1_location = [[Guinea Highlands]], [[Guinea]] | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Atlantic]] | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{ubl|[[Guinea]]|[[Liberia]]}} | length_km = 485 | source1_elevation = {{cvt|960|m|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation ={{cvt|0|m|abbr=on}} | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg=(Xilliga: 1979–2015) {{cvt|35.51|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Basins">{{cite web|url=http://twap-rivers.org/indicators|title=River Basins|access-date=2024-01-29|archive-date=2024-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117234333/http://twap-rivers.org/indicators/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | basin_size_km2 = 20,317 | basin_size_ref = <ref name="River Basins"/> }} '''Webiga Saint Paul''' waa wabi ku yaal galbeedka [[Afrika]]. [[Isha]] biyihiisu waxay ku yaalliin koonfur-bari ee [[Guinea]]. Qaybtiisa sare ee Guinea waxaa loo yaqaannaa '''Webiga Diani''' ama '''Webiga Niandi''', waxayna qayb ka tahay xadka u dhexeeya Guinea iyo [[Liberia]]. Waxaa dadka maxalliga ah ee [[Gola]] ee Liberia u yaqaannaan '''Du'''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dunn|first1= Elwood D.|last2=Beyan|first2=Amos J.|last3=Burrowes|first3=Carl Patrick|date=2000|title=Historical Dictionary of Liberia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qt0_RrW8ghkC|language=English |page=287}}</ref> Webigu wuxuu markaa soo galaa Liberia qiyaastii {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} waqooyi ka xiga [[Gbarnga]] wuxuuna ka gudbaa Liberia jihada koonfur-galbeed. Wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Atlantic]] ee [[Cape Mesurado]] ee [[Monrovia]] meel u dhow [[Bushrod Island]], isagoo kala qaybiya Monrovia iyo xaafaddeeda Brewerville. == Taariikh == Webiga waxaa magacaabay xiddigiyayaal [[Boortaqiis]] ah qarnigii 15-aad, kuwaas oo markii ugu horreysay arkay webiga maalinta [[Paul the Apostle|St. Paul]]'s [[feast day]]. Webigu wuxuu muhiim u noqday [[ganacsiga addoonta]]: [[Robert Bostock (merchant)|Robert Bostock]] ayaa aasaasay [[Factory (trading post)|xarun]] halkan. Sababtoo ah carradu ku xeeran [[Monrovia]], [[Liberia]] waxay ahayd mid liidata iyo xeebaha oo lagu daboolay kaymo cufan, dad badan oo [[African-American]] ah oo u soo haajiray Liberia qarnigii 19-aad waxay u guureen meel u dhow Webiga St. Paul, halkaas oo ay ka heleen dhul ku habboon beeraha.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/afam004.html Library Of Congress, "Personal Stories and ACS New Directions"]</ref> Halkaas ayay ka aasaaseen degsiimooyin yaryar. Sidoo kale, howlwadeennada Lutheran-ka ee Mareykanka waxay sameeyeen [[Muhlenberg Mission]] oo ku taal webiga dhinaciisa, halkaas oo ay carruurta ku baraan tacliin kala duwan, xirfadaha farsamada/beeraha (gaar ahaan beerashada bunka), iyo catechism. [[David A. Day (missionary)|David A. Day]] ayaa keenay markab uumi ah webiga si loogu isticmaalo ganacsiga iyo safarka. Ardaydii dugsiga ayaa dhistay.<ref>Harold Vink Whetstone, Lutheran Mission in Liberia, (Board of Foreign Missions of the United Lutheran Church in America, 1955), pp. 24-51; George Scholl, D.D., "David A. Day," in Missionary Heroes of the Lutheran Church, ed. Luther B. Wolf (Lutheran Publication Society, 1911), pp. 199-219.</ref> == Sidoo kale fiiri == *[[Mount Coffee Hydropower Project]] '''Guud ahaan:''' * [[Liiska webiyada Liberia]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category}} *[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9064933/Saint-Paul-River Encyclopædia Britannica entry] {{coord|6|25|N|10|43|W|display=title}} oswqzz8hdxe0taih8jrvx1awao0mpg8 0 48783 302057 301336 2026-07-13T02:48:22Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302057 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mesurado River (6831730706).jpg|thumb|300px|Webiga Mesurado ee Monrovia.]] '''Webiga Mesurado''' waa [[wabi]] ku yaal [[Liberia]]. Wuxuu dhex maraa caasimadda [[Monrovia]] waxaana ka gudba [[Gabriel Tucker Bridge|People's Bridge]], oo la dhisay 1970-meeyadii.<ref>[http://www.micat.gov.lr/content.php?sub=National%20Museum&?related=Culture Wasaaradda Warfaafinta ee Dawladda Jamhuuriyadda Liberia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.micat.gov.lr/content.php?sub=National%20Museum&%3Frelated=Culture |date=20170515010101 }} Retrieved on May 4, 2008</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040923122910/http://www.tlcafrica.com/tlc_monmaps2.htm Khariidadaha Monrovia iyo webiga Mesurado] {{Authority control}} {{Coord|6.3176|-10.798|region:LR_type:river|display=title}} tbtpzqp9tj3bjqxnlowtuqxd7kptsj8 0 48785 302070 301339 2026-07-13T02:53:17Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Saint John | image = | image_size = 300px | image_caption = | map = Liberia St John River.png | map_caption = Khariidadda webiga | source1_location = [[Guinea Highlands]] | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Atlantic ee Waqooyi]] | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{ubl|[[Guinea]]|[[Liberia]]}} | length = {{convert|282|km|mi|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}}&nbsp;ka sarreeya [[heerka badda]] | discharge1_location = Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg = (Xilliga: 1979–2015) {{cvt|27.27|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Basins">{{cite web|url=http://twap-rivers.org/indicators|title=River Basins|access-date=2024-01-29|archive-date=2024-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117234333/http://twap-rivers.org/indicators/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | discharge2_location = [[Baila, Liberia|Baila]] | discharge2_avg = {{convert|136.06|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | basin_size = {{cvt|16,157|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Basins"/> }} '''Webiga Saint John''' waa mid ka mid ah lixda [[wabi]] ee ugu waaweyn waddanka [[Galbeedka Afrika]] ee [[Liberia]]. Iyadoo isha biyihiisu ay ka soo bilaabmaan waddanka deriska ah ee [[Guinea]], webigu wuxuu u qulqulaa guud ahaan koonfur-galbeed isagoo sii maraya Liberia wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Atlantic]] ee Bassa Cove meel u dhow [[Edina, Liberia|Edina]] ee [[Grand Bassa County]]. Webigan oo dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|282|km|mi|abbr=on}} wuxuu leeyahay [[berked-mareen]] daboolaysa {{convert|16,157|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="River Basins"/> == Qulqulka == [[Isha]] biyihiisu waxay ku yaalliin [[Nimba Range]] ee [[Guinea Highlands]] ee waddanka [[Guinea]] waxayna u qulqulaan koonfur xagga xadka Liberia.<ref name=eb>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/517385/Saint-John-River Saint John River.] (2008). ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Meel u dhow Yalata, Guinea wuxuu bilaabaa inuu sameeyo xadka u dhexeeya Guinea iyo [[Bong County]] ee Liberia.<ref name="map">{{cite web|url=https://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&ll=6.219743,-9.75174&spn=0.660757,1.757813&t=h&z=10|title=Liberia|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=2008-10-27}}</ref> Isagoo u qulqulaya guud ahaan koonfur, wuxuu sameeyaa xudduud caalami ah oo dhan ku dhowaad 9.6 km (6 mayl).<ref name="map"/> Niatande, Liberia, wuxuu la kulmaa [[Webiga Mani]] wuxuuna galaa Liberia, isagoo sameeya xadka u dhexeeya degmooyinka Bong iyo [[Nimba County|Nimba]].<ref name="map"/> Webigu wuxuu markaa u qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed qiyaastii {{convert|15|mi|km}} ka hor inta uusan u weecan koonfur-bari masaafo dhan {{convert|12|mi|km|adj=on}}.<ref name="map"/> Meel u dhow Zahn wuxuu qaataa [[Webiga Yah]] ee yar, wuxuuna mar kale u weecdaa koonfur-galbeed.<ref name="map"/> Ka dib qiyaastii {{convert|15|mi|km}} wuxuu bilaabaa inuu sameeyo xadka u dhexeeya degmooyinka Bong iyo [[Grand Bassa County|Grand Bassa]] wuxuuna u weecdaa galbeed qiyaastii 16 km (10 mayl).<ref name="map"/> Webigu wuxuu markaa sii wadaa koonfur-galbeed, ka dib qiyaastii {{convert|30|mi|km}} wuxuu galaa Grand Bassa County.<ref name="map"/> Ka dib qiyaastii {{convert|8|mi|km}} wuxuu u weecdaa koonfur masaafo dhan {{convert|8|mi|km|spell=in}} ka dibna wuxuu dib ugu qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed qiyaastii 16 km (10 mayl).<ref name="map"/> Meel u dhow Shoigabli wuxuu u weecdaa koonfur qiyaastii {{convert|9|mi|km}} halkaas oo uu ka gudbo [[Mount Finley (Liberia)|Mount Finley]] wuxuuna u weecdaa xagga galbeedka wuxuuna u qulqulaa guud ahaan koonfur-galbeed 14.5 km (9 mayl) kale.<ref name="map"/> Inta u dhaxaysa Zoblum iyo Alfabli Saint John wuu sii ballaaraa wuxuuna u qulqulaa waqooyi-galbeed qiyaastii {{convert|3|mi|km}} ka hor inta uusan u weecan galbeedka hal mayl ilaa Hartford.<ref name="map"/> Webigu wuxuu markaa u quusaa koonfur-galbeed 10.5-ka km (6.5 mayl) ee ugu dambeeya.<ref name="map"/> Halkaas ayuu kala kulmaa webiyada Mechlin iyo Benson iyadoo uu ku shubmayo Badweynta Atlantic meel u dhow [[Edina, Liberia|Edina]] iyo [[Buchanan, Liberia|Buchanan]].<ref name=eb/> == Faahfaahin == Berked-mareenka webigu wuxuu daboolayaa {{convert|14762|km2|mi2}} oo ku kala yaal Liberia iyo Guinea.<ref name=undp>[http://www.lr.undp.org/State%20of%20the%20environment%20report%20final.pdf Warbixintii ugu horreysay ee Xaaladda Deegaanka ee Liberia – 2006.] United Nations Development Programme. 2006, p. 37.</ref> Isagoo dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|175|mi|km}}, waa mid ka mid ah lixda wabi ee ugu waaweyn ama muhiimka ah ee Liberia.<ref name=eb/><ref name=undp/> Waxaa dalka ka jira wadar ahaan 16 wabi oo kaliya.<ref>Wiles, David L. [http://unfccc.int/files/national_reports/non-annex_i_natcom/meetings/application/pdf/20050419wiles.pdf Coastal Zone Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change in Liberia.] Environmental Protection Agency of Liberia. 2005.</ref> Celceliska qulqulka sannadlaha ah ee St. John waa {{convert|136.06|m3/s|abbr=on|lk=on}} sida lagu cabbiray saldhigga gudaha ee Baila.<ref name="discharge">{{cite web|url=http://www.sage.wisc.edu/riverdata/scripts/station_table.php?qual=256&filenum=2183|title=Liberia; Baila; St. John|date=October 24, 2008|work=Global River Discharge Database}}</ref> Xilliga roobka bisha Oktoobar, qulqulka celcelis ahaan waa {{convert|233.49|m3/s|abbr=on|lk=on}}, halka Febraayo xilliga abaaraha qulqulku celcelis ahaan yahay {{convert|18.95|m3/s|abbr=on|lk=on}} isla goobtaas.<ref name="discharge"/> Afka webigu wuxuu qiyaastii {{convert|60|mi|km}} koonfur iyo bari ka xigaa afka [[Webiga Saint Paul]] ee u dhow [[Monrovia]].<ref name=book>Stockwell, G. S., and J. W. Lugenbeel. [https://books.google.com/books?id=zj8UAAAAIAAJ&dq=St.%20John%20River%20liberia&pg=PA12 ''The Republic of Liberia: Its Geography, Climate, Soil and Productions With a History of Its Early Settlement''.] Barnes, 1868, p. 12.</ref> Isagoo u qulqulaya guud ahaan koonfur-galbeed ilaa badda wuxuu ka kooban yahay meelo mararka qaarkood ay ka jiraan xawaare sare iyo [[biyo-dhac]].<ref name=eb/> Meel u dhow badda webigu wuxuu gaaraa meeshii ugu ballaarnayd oo ah ilaa {{convert|1|mi|km}} ballac ah waana goobta Factory Island, oo ah tan ugu weyn jasiiradaha badan ee webiga ku yaal.<ref name=book/> Webigu magaciisa wuxuu ka helay [[Baarayaasha Boortaqiiska]] qarnigii 15-aad kuwaas oo arkay afka webiga maalinta [[Nativity of St. John the Baptist|St. John's feast day]].<ref name=eb/> === Nolosha biyaha === Webiga Saint John wuxuu leeyahay noocyo kala duwan oo nolol biyood ah oo ku dhex jira iyo hareeraha xeebaha inta uu webigu dherersan yahay. Noocyada waxaa ka mid ah [[Slender-snouted Crocodile]] qaybaha gudaha ee marin-biyoodka.<ref name=jstor>Kofron, Christopher P. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2559729 Status and Habitats of the Three African Crocodiles in Liberia], ''Journal of Tropical Ecology'', Vol. 8, No. 3 (Aug., 1992), pp. 265&ndash;273. Cambridge University Press</ref> Waxaa webiga ku jira ugu yaraan 65 nooc oo kalluun ah, oo ay ku jiraan noocyada [[Mastacembelidae]], [[Barbus|Barbus eburneensis]], [[Chrysichthys|Chrysichthys johnelsi]], [[Killifish]], [[Electric catfish]], [[Nile perch]], iyo [[Tilapia]] iyo kuwo kale.<ref>[http://fish.mongabay.com/data/ecosystems/Saint%20John.htm Fish Species in Saint John.] Fishbase.org.</ref> Shimbiruhu waxay sidoo kale u isticmaalaan xeebaha iyo jasiiradaha webiga goobo ay ku buulkooda dhistaan, oo ay ku jiraan Three-cusped Pangolin, Palaearctic, [[Sandpipers]], Greenshanks, Little Ringed Plover, iyo Water Chevrotain oo ku yaal aagga Kpatawee Wetlands ee Bong County.<ref name=ramsar>[http://www.ramsar.org/wn/w.n.liberia_four_new.htm Liberia names four new Ramsar sites.] Ramsar.</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|5|55|30|N|10|04|15|W|type:landmark|display=title}} au7fb4gn3vkkvi9qc5iqsnmemcjkji3 0 48786 302031 301340 2026-07-13T02:39:00Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Cestos | image = Liberia Cestos River.png | image_size = 250px | image_caption = Webiga Cestos ee Liberia | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | source1_location = [[Nimba Range]], Guinea | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Guinea]]|[[Côte d'Ivoire]]|[[Liberia]]}} | length_km = 476 | length_ref = <ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg =(Xilliga: 1979–2015) {{cvt|18.35|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Basins">{{cite web|url=http://twap-rivers.org/indicators|title=River Basins|access-date=2026-07-10|archive-date=2024-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117234333/http://twap-rivers.org/indicators/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Atlantic]] | mouth_coordinates = | river_system= Webiga Cestos | tributaries_left= | tributaries_right= | basin_size_km2 = 12,723 | basin_size_ref = <ref name="River Basins"/> }} '''Webiga Cestos''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno wabiga '''Nuon''' ama '''Nipoué''',<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.tlcafrica.com/tlc_rivers.htm| title=Liberia Waterways| publisher=The Liberian Connection| accessdate=8 August 2014}}</ref> waa wabi ka soo kaca [[Nimba Range]] ee [[Guinea]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur xagga xadka [[Ivory Coast]], ka dibna koonfur-galbeed isagoo sii maraa [[kaymo roobaad]] oo ku yaal Liberia ilaa uu ku shubo [[gacan]] ku taal [[Badweynta Atlantic]] halkaas oo ay ku taallo magaalada [[Cestos]]. [[Pygmy hippopotamus]]-ka ayaa lagu yaqaannaa inay ku noolaadaan dhulka hareeraha webiga.<ref>{{cite web|author=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|title=Wetlands International Ramsar Sites Information Service: Liberia|url=http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Portals/15/LIBERIA.pdf|accessdate=2008-08-02}}</ref> Wuxuu sameeyaa saddex meelood oo meel waqooyiga xudduudda caalamiga ah ee u dhexeeya Liberia iyo Ivory Coast. Intii lagu jiray [[Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Koowaad ee Liberia]], qaybta webiga ee u dhow magaalada [[Cestos]] waxay ahayd gobol hormuud u ahaa cuntada iyo soo saarista macdanta ee [[National Patriotic Front of Liberia]].<ref>"Rivercess Falls to Allied Forces". ''Monrovia Daily News'', 1993-05-10, 1/6.</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{coord|5|27|N|9|34|W|display=title|region:LR_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} 5l9kves0wadm1v1g513hyzug7fspozb 0 48788 302030 301342 2026-07-13T02:38:59Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Cavalla | name_other = Cavally, Youbou, Diougou | image = Cavally.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = File:Liberia Cavally River.png | map_alt = | map_caption = Webiga Cavalla wuxuu qulqulaa aagagga xuduudaha ee [[Ivory Coast]] iyo [[Liberia]]. | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Gulf of Guinea]] | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Guinea]]|[[Ivory Coast]]|[[Liberia]]}} | location = | etymology = | length = {{convert|515|km|mi|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg = (Xilliga: 1979–2015) {{cvt|37.61|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Basins">{{cite web|url=http://twap-rivers.org/indicators|title=River Basins|access-date=2024-01-29|archive-date=2024-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117234333/http://twap-rivers.org/indicators/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | basin_size = {{cvt|29,495|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Basins"/> | river_system = Webiga Cavalla | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Webiga Cavalla''' (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno '''Cavally''', '''Youbou''' iyo '''Diougou''') waa wabi ku yaal [[Galbeedka Afrika]], kaas oo ka soo kaca waqooyiga [[Mont Nimba]] ee [[Guinea]], kuna qulqula [[Ivory Coast]] kuna laabta xadka Ivory Coast. Wuxuu ku dhammaadaa [[Gulf of Guinea]], oo ku yaal {{convert|21|km|abbr=on|sp=us}} bari ka xiga [[Harper, Liberia]]. Wuxuu sameeyaa laba-saddex meelood oo koonfurta ah ee [[Guinea–Liberia border|xudduudda caalamiga ah]] ee u dhexeeya Liberia iyo Ivory Coast. Wuxuu leeyahay dherer dhan {{convert|515|km|mi|sp=us}}, waana wabiga ugu dheer Liberia.<ref name="eowg">{{cite book|last=Bateman|first=Graham|author2=Victoria Egan |author3=Fiona Gold |author4=Philip Gardner |title=Encyclopedia of World Geography|publisher=Barnes & Noble Books|location=New York|year=2000|isbn=1-56619-291-9|page=161}}</ref> Magaca waxaa laga soo qaatay [[Cavalla (disambiguation)|cavalla]] [[horse mackerel]] oo laga helo afkiisa.<ref>{{Britannica|100547}}</ref> Waa hoyga nooca dhaladka ah ee ''[[Chiloglanis normani]]''. == Tixraac == {{Reflist|2}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|4|22|N|7|32|W|display=title|type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} 9ol3s1opbaxtyrgs3l4f9uql4zjqcxb 0 48789 302040 301345 2026-07-13T02:44:01Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302040 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Karakoro''' (Af-Faransiis: ''Rivière Karakoro'') waa wabi-gacmeed xilliyeed yar oo ka tirsan [[Webiga Senegal]] kaas oo qayb ka ah [[xadka Mali–Mauritania]]. Isha webigu waxay ku taallaa waqooyi-bari ee [[Kiffa]] ee [[Mauritania]]. Webigu wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfur xagga gobolka [[Sahel]] ee fidsan ee koonfurta Mauritania, isagoo ka tallaaba dhowr godad oo gacmeed ah, ka hor inta uusan ku biirin Webiga Senegal dhanka bidix dhowr kiiloomitir ka dib magaalada yar ee Mali ee [[Ambidédi|Ambidedi]].<ref name=hycos>{{citation |title=SENEGAL-HYCOS: Renforcement des capacités nationales et régionales d’observation, transmission et traitement de données pour contribuer au développement durable du bassin du Fleuve Sénégal (Document de projet préliminaire) |publisher=Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS) |url=http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf |year=2007 |language=French |page=4 |url-status=dead |access-date=2026-07-10 |archive-date=2013-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165424/http://www.whycos.org/IMG/pdf/Senegal_HYCOS_september_2007.pdf }}.</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{coord| 14|43|20|N|12|03|14|W|display=title|type:river}} hr3zmdqzc5d1olgfvsawdtaa1yevpgq 0 48791 302023 301350 2026-07-13T02:37:57Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bafing | name_native = | name_other = {{native name|fr|Rivière Bafing}} | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = Pirogue Bozo sur le Bafing.jpeg | image_size = | image_caption = Muuqaalka webiga Bafing oo laga arkay Bozo Pirogue | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Mali | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afku ku yaalo Mali | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = [[Mali]], [[Guinea]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{cvt|350|miles}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = Fonta Djallon | source1_location = Foranruel, Guinea | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|10.395|-12.135|display=i}} | source1_elevation = {{Convert|750|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Webiga Senegal]] | mouth_location = [[Bafoulabé]], Mali | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|13.813|-10.828|format=dms|display=it}} | mouth_elevation = {{Convert|83|m|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = [[Webiga Senegal]] | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:10.34748W 13.10430N.png|thumb|[[Harada Manantali]] oo ay ku taal [[Manantali Dam]] iyo Webiga Bafing]] [[File:PARK(1800) p317 Die hängende Brücke über den Bafing.jpg|thumbnail|Buundo sudhan oo ku taal Bafing (la daabacay 1800)]] '''Webiga Bafing''' (Manding: "webiga madow", Af-Faransiis: ''Rivière Bafing'')<ref name="CamaraO'Toole2013">{{cite book|author1=Mohamed Saliou Camara|author2=Thomas O'Toole|author3=Janice E. Baker|title=Historical Dictionary of Guinea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TfcKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA38|date=7 November 2013|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7969-0|page=38}}</ref> waa marin-biyoodka sare iyo kan ugu weyn [[wabi-gacmeedka]] [[Webiga Senegal]] kaas oo dhex mara [[Guinea]] iyo [[Mali]] wuxuuna dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii {{convert|350|miles}}. == Qulqulka == Fouta Djallon ee Guinea waa [[isha]] Webiga Bafing,<ref name="KnaapNations1994">{{cite book|author1=M. van der Knaap|author2=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|title=Status of Fish Stocks and Fisheries of Thirteen Medium-sized African Reservoirs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl4nd5K52FIC&pg=RA1-PA19|year=1994|publisher=Food & Agriculture Org.|isbn=978-92-5-103581-8|page=19}}</ref> {{convert|30|miles}} waqooyi ka xiga [[Mamou]].<ref name="CamaraO'Toole2013"/> Wuxuu u qulqulaa qiyaastii {{convert|350|miles}}<ref name="Company1980">{{cite book|author=Rand McNally and Company|title=Rand McNally Encyclopedia of World Rivers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6vZWAAAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Rand McNally|page=9}}</ref> wuxuuna ku biiraa [[Webiga Bakoy]] si uu ugu biiro [[Webiga Senegal]] ee galbeedka Afrika.<ref name=omvs>{{citation | title=Caractéristiques physiques du fleuve Sénégal | url=http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | publisher=Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal | language=French | accessdate=2 June 2012 | archive-date=16 Bisha Todobaad 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716144235/http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{citation | last= Maïga | first= Mahamadou | title=Le bassin du fleuve Sénégal: de la Traite négrière au développement sous-régional autocentré | publisher= L'Harmattan | year=1995 | language=French | page=14 footnotes 4, 5 }}.</ref> Webiga Bafing waa wabi-gacmeedka ugu weyn ee Webiga Senegal, wuxuuna ka qayb qaataa ku dhawaad kala bar guud ahaan mugga biyaha.<ref>{{cite book|title=Development Anthropology Network: Bulletin of the Institute for Development Anthropology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GzA9AAAAYAAJ|year=1982|publisher=The Institute for Development Anthropology|page=10}}</ref> Bafing wuxuu sameeyaa qayb ka mid ah [[xadka caalamiga ah]] ee u dhexeeya Guinea iyo Mali.<ref name="Brownlie, I. ">{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 310–13}}</ref> == Waraabka == Daadadka ka yimaada Webiga Bafing ee hareeraha Webiga Senegal ayaa dhaqan ahaan loo isticmaali jiray hab lagu taageero beeraha maxalliga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, [[abaar]] dhacday 1970-meeyadii ayaa keentay in la dhiso biyo-xireenno labada Webiga Bafing iyo Webiga Senegal. [[Manantali Dam|Biyo-xireenka Manantali]], oo la dhammaystiray 1987,<ref name="Kornfeld2020">{{cite book|author=Itzchak Kornfeld|title=Mega-Dams and Indigenous Human Rights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_3LDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA109|date=31 January 2020|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|isbn=978-1-78643-549-1|page=109}}</ref> wuxuu ku yaallaa Webiga Bafing {{convert|90|km}} kor ka xiga Bafoulabé. Waxay samaysaa harada macmalka ah ee ugu weyn Mali, [[Harada Manantali]]. Biyo-xireenku wuxuu hayaa {{convert|11.3|km3|cumi}} oo biyo ah kuwaas oo loo isticmaalo in lagu xoojiyo matoorrada inta lagu jiro xilliga abaaraha. Natiijo ahaan, xoogga daadka ugu badan ee biyo-xireenka hoostiisa ayaa la dhimay laakiin inta lagu jiro xilliga abaaraha, qulqul u dhexeeya {{convert|150|m3/s|cuyd/s|abbr=in}} iyo {{convert|200|m3/s|cuyd/s|abbr=in}} ayaa la ilaaliyaa.<ref>{{citation | title=Étude des impacts environnementaux du projet d’aménagement de Félou | year=2006 | publisher=Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal (O.M.V.S.) | url=https://www.eib.org/attachments/pipeline/1527_eia_fr.pdf | language=French | page=63 }}.</ref> == Deegaanka == Waxaa laga yaabaa inay jirto dad [[chimpanzee]] ah oo muhiim ah oo ku nool aagga bari ee Webiga Bafing.<ref name="Kormos2003">{{cite book|author=Rebecca Kormos|title=West African Chimpanzees: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2003-059.pdf|year=2003|publisher=IUCN|page=48}}</ref> [[blue-headed bee-eater]] (''merops muelleri'') ayaa sidoo kale laga arkay kaynta ku taal webiga koonfurta [[Manding Mountains]].<ref name="Fry2010">{{cite book|author=C. Hilary Fry|title=The Bee-Eaters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zoQ9aIbU48MC&pg=PA47|date=30 September 2010|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4081-3687-4|page=47}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} r4n3t81xs8kne6frj20kaqjc64s3diw 0 48792 302025 301352 2026-07-13T02:38:02Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Baoulé | image = Senegalrivermap.png | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = Khariidadda webiga Senegal ee biyo-qabashada | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Webiga Bakoy]] u dhow [[Toukoto]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|13|32|58|N|9|54|35|W|display=inline,title}} | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Waddan | subdivision_name1 = Mali | location = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = {{convert|750|m|ft|sp=us}} | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = [[Webiga Senegal]] | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Webiga Baoulé''' ({{langx|fr|Fleuve Baoulé}}, oo ka yimid [[Afafka Manding|Manding]] oo macnaheedu yahay "Webiga Cas") waa [[webiyada Mali|wabi]] ku yaal [[Mali]] ee [[Galbeedka Afrika]]. Wuxuu ka soo qulqulaa il ku taal galbeedka [[Bamako]] ilaa [[Webiga Bakoy|Bakoy]] oo ka hooseeya [[Toukoto]] wuxuuna qayb ka yahay biyo-mareenka [[Webiga Senegal|Senegal]].<ref name="omvs">{{citation | title=Caractéristiques physiques du fleuve Sénégal | url=http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | publisher=Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal | language=French | accessdate=2 June 2012 | archive-date=16 Bisha Todobaad 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716144235/http://www.omvs.org/fr/fleuve/physique.php | url-status=dead }}.</ref><ref name="Maïga">{{citation | last= Maïga | first= Mahamadou | title=Le bassin du fleuve Sénégal: de la Traite négrière au développement sous-régional autocentré | publisher= L'Harmattan | year=1995 | language=French | page=14 footnotes 4, 5 }}.</ref> Afafka [[Afafka Manding|Manding]], Baoulé macnaheedu waa 'webi cas', [[Webiga Bakoye|Bakoye]] 'webi cad' iyo [[Webiga Bafing|Bafing]] 'webi madow'.<ref name="omvs"/><ref name="Maïga"/> == Juqraafi == Isha Baoulé waxay ku taallaa buuraha 120 kiiloomitir koonfur-galbeed ka xiga Bamako oo u dhow xadka Guinea. Wuxuu u qulqulaa dhanka waqooyi in ka badan 200 oo kiiloomitir, ka dibna wuxuu u leexdaa dhanka galbeed, isagoo sameeya meel wareegsan oo ballaaran, ka dibna wareeg weyn oo waqooyi ah. Inta lagu jiro fidsanaantan, wuxuu ka dhigan yahay xadka waqooyi ee [[Boucle du Baoulé National Park]]. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee Baoule waxay u qulqushaa dhanka koonfur-galbeed. Wuxuu gaaraa Bakoye dhanka bidix ee webiga, qiyaastii laba iyo toban kiiloomitir ka hooseeya Toukoto, isagoo ku dhawaad labanlaabaya qulqulkiisa. Wadarta dhererkiisu waa qiyaastii 500 oo kiiloomitir. Laguma safrin karo doonyo. == Qulqulka == Qulqulka celceliska bille, oo la socday muddo 39 sano ah (1952-1990) xarun ka soo horjeedda magaalada yar ee Bougouda ee isgoyska Bakoy-Baoule, wuxuu ahaa {{convert|64|m3|cuft}} bedka biyaha oo qiyaastii ahaa {{convert|65000|km2|sqft}}.<ref>Tirooyinka waxaa lagu xisaabiyay iyadoo lagu salaynayo cabbirada laga qaaday Bakoye ee Toukoto [http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1112340.html GRDC - Le Bakoye à Toukoto] iyo Oualia[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1112320.html GRDC - Le Bakoye à Oualia], kor iyo hoos siday u kala horreeyaan isgoyska.</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist|2}} {{Commons}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Baloue River}} bkv86zj45a6gmxohc1rkn5gtd8qrlfc 0 48796 302024 301366 2026-07-13T02:38:00Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302024 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bani OSM.png|right|thumb|280px|Nidaamka Webiga Bani.]] [[File:Bani 4.83783W 13.39309N.jpg|right|thumb|280px|Sawir dayax-gacmeed oo ka mid ah Bani. Magaalada [[San, Mali|San]] waxay dhanka koonfur ka xigtaa webiga meel u dhow xarunta sawirka. Biyo-xireenka Talo wuxuu u dhow yahay geeska dhinaca bidix.]] <!-- Bani River flow--> {{image frame|width=280|content= Webiga Bani ee Douna <timeline> #>Documentation at http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:EasyTimeline/syntax <# Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:280 height:200 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:15 top:5 right:5 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:2000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:250 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:500 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo PlotData= #>Draw bars <# color:barra width:12 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 128 bar:Feb from:0 till: 72 bar:Mar from:0 till: 41 bar:Apr from:0 till: 25 bar:May from:0 till: 23 bar:Jun from:0 till: 38 bar:Jul from:0 till: 150 bar:Aug from:0 till: 895 bar:Sep from:0 till: 1941 bar:Oct from:0 till: 1768 bar:Nov from:0 till: 796 bar:Dec from:0 till: 275 </timeline> | caption = Celceliska qulqulka bille (m³/s) ee saldhigga biyaha ee Douna muddadii 1922–1994.<ref name=douna>Saldhigga Biyaha ee Douna wuxuu ku yaallaa {{Coord|13.213853|-5.903105}} oo u dhow buundada ka gudubta webiga ee qaada waddada weyn ee RN6 ee ka timaadda [[Ségou]] una socota [[Bla, Mali|Bla]].</ref><ref>Xogta laga helay [http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1134300.html UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields V 1.0].</ref> }} '''Webiga Bani''' waa [[wabi-gacmeedka]] ugu weyn ee [[Webiga Niger]] ee dalka [[Mali]].<ref>Bani macnaheedu waa "webi yar" oo ku qoran [[Afafka Mande]]. {{citation | last=Delafosse | year=1912 | first=Maurice |title=Haut-Sénégal-Niger. Volume 1 Le Pays, les Peuples, les Langues | url= http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k103554s/f80.image |publisher=Émile Larose |location=Paris | language=French | page=69}}.</ref> Webigu wuxuu ka samaysmaa [[is-goyska]] webiyada {{ill|Webiga Baoulé (Bani River)|lt=Baoulé|fr|Baoulé (Bani)}} iyo [[Webiga Bagoe|Bagoé]] qiyaastii {{convert|160|km|mi|abbr=on}} bari ka xiga [[Bamako]] wuxuuna ku biiraa Niger meel u dhow [[Mopti]]. Dhererkiisu waa qiyaastii {{convert|1100|km|mi|abbr=on}}. == Juqraafiga == Webiga Bani wuxuu leeyahay saddex wabi-gacmeed oo waaweyn: Baoulé oo ka soo kaca meel u dhow [[Odienné]] ee Côte d'Ivoire oo mara koonfurta [[Bougouni]], [[Webiga Bagoé]] oo ka soo kaca meel u dhow [[Boundiali]] ee [[Côte d'Ivoire]] iyo Banifing-Lotio oo ka miira gobolka ku hareeraysan [[Sikasso]]. <!-- iyadoo si qaldan khariidadda IGN 1:200000 ay u leedahay ugu yaraan 3 webi oo ku yaal koonfurta Mali oo la yiraahdo Banifing --> [[Biyo-qabashada]] ee ka sarreeya Douna waxay leedahay bed dhan {{convert|102,000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}, 85% oo ka mid ah waxay ku taal koonfurta Mali iyo 15% waqooyiga Côte d'Ivoire. Roobabka sannadlaha ah way ku kala duwan yihiin qaybaha biyo-qabashada iyadoo aagga koonfureed ee Côte d'Ivoire ay helaan {{convert|1500|mm|in|abbr=on}} sannadkii halka aagga waqooyi ee ku wareegsan Douna<ref name=douna /> ay helaan {{convert|700|mm|in|abbr=on}} oo keliya.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=81 Map 11}}{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=18 Fig. 2.3}}{{sfn| Mahé|2009|p=706 Fig. 1}} Muddadii 1965-1995 celceliska roobabka sannadlaha ah ee biyaha waxaa ahaa {{convert|1100|mm|in|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Mahé|2009}} Roobabku waa xilliyeed iyadoo roobabka intooda badan ay da'aan inta u dhaxaysa Maajo iyo Oktoobar. Roobabka ugu badan waxay dhacaan bisha Agoosto. Qulqulka Webiga Bani sidoo kale waa mid aad u xilliyeed, iyadoo qulqulka ugu badan uu dhacayo dhammaadka Sebtembar iyo qulqul aad u yar inta u dhaxaysa Febraayo iyo Juun. Webigu wuxuu galaa [[Inland Niger Delta]] waqooyiga [[San, Mali|San]] ka dibna roobabka sannadlaha ah webiga ayaa fataha (ereyga Faransiiska ''crue'' ayaa mararka qaarkood la isticmaalaa) wuxuuna qariyaa bannaanka webiga. Waxaa jira kala duwanaansho weyn oo sannadle ah oo ku saabsan roobabka iyo, natiijo ahaan, tirada biyaha ku qulqulaya webiga. Abaartii bilaabatay horraantii 1970-meeyadii ayaa horseeday hoos u dhac aad u weyn oo ku yimid qulqulka ilaa waqtigan xaadirka ah mugga ayaa weli aad uga hooseeya kuwii la arkay 1950-meeyadii iyo 1960-meeyadii. Hoos u dhaca qulqulka webiga ayaa aad uga weynaa hoos u dhaca roobabka. Celceliska roobabka ee 1981-1989 wuxuu ahaa 20% ka yar kii 1961-1970 halka qulqulka webiga uu hoos u dhacay 75%. Saamaynta roobabka yaraaday waxay ahayd mid aan aad u xad-dhaaf ahayn wabi-gacmeedyada kale ee Niger. Isla muddadaas, biyo-qabashada ee Upper Niger waxay la kulmeen 20% hoos u dhac la mid ah roobabka laakiin akhrinta saldhigga [[Koulikoro]] ayaa hoos u dhacay 50% oo keliya oo ka mid ah qiyamkii hore.{{sfn|Golitzen|2005|p=92 Table A2.4}} Sababo la xiriira yaraanta biyaha dhulka hoostiisa, xitaa sannad leh roobab badan, qulqulka Webiga Bani waa ka yar yahay kii tobanka sano ee qoyan ee 1950-meeyadii iyo 1960-meeyadii.{{sfn| Mahé|2009}} == Biyo-xireenka Talo == Sanadkii 2006, Biyo-xireenka Talo waxaa loo dhisay in lagu waraabiyo qaybo ka mid ah [[bannaanka webiga]] koonfurta webiga meel u dhow magaalada [[San, Mali|San]]. Kahor dhismaha biyo-xireenka, aagaggan waxaa si buuxda u fatahay oo keliya sannado aad u qoyan, kii ugu dambeeyay ee dhacay wuxuu ahaa 1967. Biyo-xireenku wuxuu ku yaallaa {{convert|43|km|mi|abbr=on}} galbeedka San, {{convert|66|km|mi|abbr=on}} hoos ka xiga Douna iyo {{convert|110|km|mi|abbr=on}} kor ka xiga [[Djenné]].<ref>Biyo-xireenku wuxuu ku yaallaa {{coord|13.2774|-5.2929}}.</ref> Biyo-xireenku wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sidii xiridda biyaha oo kale iyadoo biyuhu ay ka qulquli karaan korka derbiga haynta. Dhismaha biyo-xireenka ayaa ahaa mid aad looga dooday.{{sfn| Meierotto|2009}} [[Qiimaynta saamaynta deegaanka]] oo ay soo saartay [[African Development Bank]]<ref>{{citation | publisher=African Development Fund | year=1997 | title= Moyen Bani plains development program: Summary of the environmental impact assessment | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-97-21-EN-ESPS-003677523.PDF }}</ref> ayaa loo dhaliilay inaanay si buuxda u tixgelin saamaynta biyaha ee hoos u dhaca biyo-xireenka.{{sfn|Fisher|Meierotto|Russel|2001}} Derbiga hayntu waa {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|295|m|ft|abbr=on}} dhererkiisu yahay, isagoo abuuraya kayd awood u leh inuu hayo {{convert|0.18|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} oo biyo ah. Muggani wuxuu matalaa 1.3% ee celceliska qulqulka sannadlaha ah ee webiga (muddadii 1952-2002 celceliska qulqulka wuxuu ahaa {{convert|13.4|km3|mi3|abbr=on}}.<ref>Qulqulka {{convert|1|m3|ft3|abbr=on}} wuxuu u dhigmaa {{convert|0.0316|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} sannadkii. {{convert|424|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} wuxuu u dhigmaa {{convert|13.4|km3|mi3|abbr=on}}/y</ref><ref name=dnh>{{citation |year=2006 |publisher=République du Mali, Ministère des Mines, de l’énergie et de l’eau: Direction Nationale de l'Hydraulique |title=Politique Nationale de l'eau |url=http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |accessdate=27 Feb 2010 |archive-date=3 Bisha Saddexaad 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303233037/http://www.dnh-mali.org/V1/IMG/Politique_Nationale_de_l_eau.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Qulqulka hoose ee {{convert|10|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} ayaa lagu ilaalin karaa xilliga abaaraha iyadoo la furayo iridda biyaha. Macluumaadka la daabacay kama cadda inta qulqulka guud ee loo leexin doono waraabka iyo, biyaha la leexiyay, inta dib ugu qulquli doonta webiga. Saamaynta hoos u dhaca ee biyo-xireenka ayaa noqon doonta in la daahiyo imaatinka fatahaadda sannadlaha ah iyo in la yareeyo xooggeeda. == Biyo-xireenka Djenné == Bishii Maajo 2009, African Development Bank waxay ansixisay maalgelinta biyo-xireen/waraabin lagu dhisayo Bani meel u dhow Soala, tuulo ku taal {{convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}} koonfurta Djenné.<ref>Tuulada Saola waxay ku taal dhanka bidix ee Bani ee {{coord| 13.79824|-4.531775}}</ref><ref>{{citation | year=2009 | title=Mali: 33.6 billion FCFA and an additional 76.2 billion FCFA for the development of irrigation | url=http://www.afdb.org/en/news-events/article/mali-33-6-billion-fcfa-and-an-additional-76-2-billion-fcfa-for-the-development-of-irrigation-4736/ | publisher=African Development Bank | accessdate=4 Mar 2010 | archive-date=22 Bisha Lixaad 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622201331/http://www.afdb.org/en/news-events/article/mali-33-6-billion-fcfa-and-an-additional-76-2-billion-fcfa-for-the-development-of-irrigation-4736/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> Biyo-xireenku waa hal cunsur oo ka mid ah barnaamij 6-sano ah oo dhan US$66 milyan oo sidoo kale ka mid ah dhismaha biyo-xireen ku yaal [[Webiga Sankarani]] meel u dhow Kourouba iyo kordhinta aagga ay waraabiso biyo-xireenka Talo. Biyo-xireenka Djenné ee la soo jeediyay ayaa hayn doona {{convert|0.3|km3|mi3|abbr=on}} oo biyo ah, in ka badan biyo-xireenka Talo.<ref>{{citation | year=2008 | title= Mali: Irrigation Development Programme - Phase I, Summary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment | publisher= African Development Bank | url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-2008-181-EN-MALI-IRRIGATION-DEVELOPMENT-PROGRAMME-PHASE-I-ESIAS.PDF | accessdate=4 Mar 2010 }}</ref> Waxay oggolaan doontaa "fatahaadda la xakameeyo" ee 14,000 ha ee bannaanka Pondori (dhanka bidix ee webiga koonfurta Djenné) si loogu oggolaado beerista bariiska iyo waraabinta 5000 ha oo dheeri ah oo loogu talagalay koritaanka 'cawska sabeynaya' (''[[Echinochloa stagnina]]'' oo maxalliga loogu yaqaan ''bourgou'') ee quudinta xoolaha. Saamaynta biyo-xireennada ee fatahaadda Inland Niger Delta ee hoos u dhaca Mopti ayaa la filayaa inay noqdaan kuwo dhexdhexaad ah,{{sfn|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=38}} maadaama qulqulka Bani uu yahay kaliya saddex meelood meel ka mid ah Niger: muddadii 1952-2002 celceliska qulqulka Douna wuxuu ahaa {{convert|424|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} marka la barbar dhigo {{convert|1280|m3/s|ft3/s|abbr=on}} ee Niger ee [[Koulikoro]].<ref name=dnh/> {{Image frame|width=600|align=center|content= <timeline> #>Documentation at http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:EasyTimeline/syntax <# #>Data up to 1980 from http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm Zwarts et al for data 1981-1989 who cites Mahé et al. (1997) (not in refs?) For 91-97 used data from World bank report page 104 which cites Olivry et al 1998. Annual figs run from May to April http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWAT/Resources/4602114-1206643460526/Niger_River_Basin_Vision_Sustainable_Management.pdf using Descroix 2009 fig 9 for 1990 <# Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) id:darkblue value:rgb(0.2,0.2,0.7) ImageSize = width:600 height:270 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:20 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:1000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:200 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:100 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= #>Define bars with labels under <# bar:51 text:1951 bar:52 bar:53 bar:54 bar:55 bar:56 bar:57 bar:58 bar:59 bar:60 text:1960 bar:61 bar:62 bar:63 bar:64 bar:65 bar:66 bar:67 bar:68 bar:69 bar:70 text:1970 bar:71 bar:72 bar:73 bar:74 bar:75 bar:76 bar:77 bar:78 bar:79 bar:80 text:1980 bar:81 bar:82 bar:83 bar:84 bar:85 bar:86 bar:87 bar:88 bar:89 bar:90 text:1990 bar:91 bar:92 bar:93 bar:94 bar:95 bar:96 bar:97 # bar:98 # bar:99 # bar:00 text:2000 # bar:01 # bar:03 # bar:04 PlotData= #>Draw bars <# color:barra width:6 align:left bar:51 from:0 till: 791 bar:52 from:0 till: 825 bar:53 from:0 till: 834 bar:54 from:0 till: 906 bar:55 from:0 till: 854 bar:56 from:0 till: 561 bar:57 from:0 till: 794 bar:58 from:0 till: 791 bar:59 from:0 till: 612 bar:60 from:0 till: 613 color:darkblue bar:61 from:0 till: 642 bar:62 from:0 till: 552 bar:63 from:0 till: 516 bar:64 from:0 till: 827 bar:65 from:0 till: 596 bar:66 from:0 till: 548 bar:67 from:0 till: 737 bar:68 from:0 till: 466 bar:69 from:0 till: 538 bar:70 from:0 till: 526 color:darkblue bar:71 from:0 till: 363 bar:72 from:0 till: 174 bar:73 from:0 till: 162 bar:74 from:0 till: 311 bar:75 from:0 till: 357 bar:76 from:0 till: 241 bar:77 from:0 till: 167 bar:78 from:0 till: 217 bar:79 from:0 till: 257 bar:80 from:0 till: 214 color:darkblue bar:81 from:0 till: 295 bar:82 from:0 till: 164 bar:83 from:0 till: 70.7 bar:84 from:0 till: 113 bar:85 from:0 till: 175 bar:86 from:0 till: 145 bar:87 from:0 till: 135 bar:88 from:0 till: 179 bar:89 from:0 till: 186 bar:90 from:0 till: 168 color:darkblue # Using Descroix 2009 fig 9 bar:91 from:0 till: 190 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 188 bar:92 from:0 till: 139 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 139 bar:93 from:0 till: 135 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 135 bar:94 from:0 till: 459 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 462 bar:95 from:0 till: 224 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 226 bar:96 from:0 till: 200 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 202 bar:97 from:0 till: 202 # Descroix 2009 fig 9 gives 202 </timeline> | caption = Celceliska qulqulka sannadlaha ah ee Webiga Bani (m³/s) ee saldhigga biyaha ee Douna<ref>Xogta laga helay ilo dhowr ah. Wixii 1951-1980 laga soo qaatay {{citation |publisher=Unesco International Hydrological Programme |title=Hydrographic data for Douna, Mali 1922-1980 |url=http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Mali/1mi%60ba~3.htm |accessdate=26 Feb 2010 }}. Wixii 1981-1989 laga soo qaatay {{harvnb|Zwarts|van Beukering|Kone|Wymenga|2005|p=271 Table I.1}}. Wixii 1990 laga soo qaatay {{harvnb|Descroix|2009|p=98 Fig. 9}}. Wixii 1991-1997 laga soo qaatay {{harvnb|Golitzen |2005| p=50 Table 3.6}}.</ref> }} == Qoraalo == {{Reflist|30em}} == Tixraac == *{{citation | last=Descroix | first=L. | year=2009 | title= Spatio-temporal variability of hydrological regimes around the boundaries between Sahelian and Sudanian areas of West Africa: A synthesis | journal= [[Journal of Hydrology]] | volume=375 | issue=1–2 | pages=90–102 | doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.12.012 | bibcode=2009JHyd..375...90D |display-authors=etal}}. *{{citation|last1=Fisher |first1=William |last2=Meierotto |first2=Lisa |last3=Russel |first3=Ryan |year=2001 |title=The Talo Dam Project: Projet de Mise en Valeur Des Plaines Du Moyen Bani |publisher=Clark University |url=http://www.djenneinitiative.org/pdfs/clark_en.pdf }}. Bogagga 30–31 waxay ka kooban yihiin miis taariikhaysan 2003 oo uu diyaariyay J.R. Patenaude, kaas oo bixinaya qiyamka qulqulka biyaha ee sannad celcelis ah (oo loo malaynayo inuu yahay 125 m³/s ama 3.9 km³/y). *{{citation | editor-last=Golitzen | editor-first=Katherin George| year=2005 |title=The Niger River Basin: A vision for sustainable management | publisher=World Bank | place=Washington, DC. |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWAT/Resources/4602114-1206643460526/Niger_River_Basin_Vision_Sustainable_Management.pdf }}. *{{citation | last=Mahé | first=Gil | year=2009 | title= Surface/groundwater interactions in the Bani and Nakambe rivers, tributaries of the Niger and Volta basins, West Africa | journal= Hydrological Sciences Journal| volume=54 | issue=4 | pages=704–712 | doi= 10.1623/hysj.54.4.704| bibcode=2009HydSJ..54..704M }}. *{{citation | last=Meierotto | first=Lisa | year=2009 | title=The uneven geographies of transnational advocacy: The case of the Talo Dam | journal=Journal of Environmental Management | volume=90 | issue=Suppl. 3 | pages=S279–S285 | doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.07.024 | url=http://rivers.bee.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/meierotto_2008.pdf | accessdate=23 Apr 2013 | pmid=19008033 | bibcode=2009JEnvM..90S.279M | archive-date=7 Bisha Labaad 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207082208/http://rivers.bee.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/meierotto_2008.pdf | url-status=dead }}. *{{citation | editor1-last=Zwarts | editor1-first=Leo | editor2-last=van Beukering | editor2-first=Pieter | editor3-last=Kone | editor3-first=Bakary | editor4-last=Wymenga | editor4-first=Eddy | year=2005 | title=The Niger, a lifeline: Effective water management in the Upper Niger Basin | publisher=Altenburg & Wymenga | place=Veenwouden, the Netherlands | isbn=90-807150-6-9 | url=http://www.altwym.nl/uploads/file/361_1289481552.pdf | accessdate=2011-02-14 | archive-date=2011-07-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724143543/http://www.altwym.nl/uploads/file/361_1289481552.pdf | url-status=dead }}. Sidoo kale lagu daabacay Faransiis cinwaankiisu yahay "Le Niger: une Artère vitale. Gestion efficace de l’eau dans le bassin du Haut Niger". == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110720232417/http://www.hydrosciences.fr/sierem/safari/VisuAlbum.asp?ALBUMID=DOUN01 Sawirrada Webiga Bani ee Douna.] {{Niger River}} {{coord|14|29|N|4|12|W|display=title|region:ML_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} r43qklpnl8lq55tcvn5w7swjlcsqhok 0 48800 302072 301378 2026-07-13T02:53:33Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Designation list | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Sankarani-Fié | designation1_date = 17 January 2002 | designation1_number = 1167<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sankarani-Fié|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1167|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} [[File:Upper Niger Guinea OSM klein.png|right|thumb|330px|Webiga Niger ee sare ee Guinea iyo Sankarani (midig)]] [[File:Sankarani river map.png|thumb|right|180px]] '''Webiga Sankarani''' (Faransiis: ''Fleuve Sankarani'') waa wabi-gacmeedka [[Webiga Niger]].<ref name="AndersenGolitzen">{{cite book |last1=Andersen |first1=Inger |last2=Golitzen |first2=Katherin George |title=The Niger River Basin: A Vision for Sustainable Management |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_DQj7Zpv-IwkC |access-date=25 November 2016 |date=1 January 2005 |publisher=World Bank Publications |isbn=9780821362044 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_DQj7Zpv-IwkC/page/n30 13], 33–34}}</ref> Wuxuu u qulqulaa dhanka waqooyi isagoo ka yimid [[Guinea Highlands]] ee [[Fouta Djallon]] ee dalka [[Guinea]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sankarani River {{!}} river, western Africa|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sankarani-River|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hughes|first=R. H.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&q=sankarani+river+from+north+to+south+guinea&pg=PA374|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|date=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5|language=en}}</ref> wuxuu ka gudbaa xadka koonfurta [[Mali]], halkaas oo uu kaga biiro Niger qiyaastii {{convert|40|km}} kor ka xiga [[Bamako]],<ref name="AndersenGolitzen"/> oo ah caasimadda Mali. Wuxuu qayb ka yahay xudduudaha [[Guinea–Ivory Coast border|Ivory Coast-Guinea]] iyo [[Guinea–Mali border]].<ref name="Hughes">{{cite book |last=Hughes |first=R. H. |title=A Directory of African Wetlands |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA376 |access-date=25 November 2016 |year=1992 |publisher=IUCN |isbn=9782880329495 |pages=374, 376}}</ref> Biyo-qabashada Webiga Sankarani, oo dhaqan ahaan aad ugu habboon dalagyada iyo hodan ku ah birta iyo dahabka, waxay dabooshaa qiyaastii {{convert|35500|km2}}, laba-meelood oo meel ka mid ah waxay ku taal Guinea, halkaas oo ay ku biiraan saddex [[Wabi-gacmeed|wabi-gacmeed]]: [[Webiga Kourai|Kourai]], [[Webiga Yeremou|Yeremou]] iyo [[Webiga Dion|Dion]].<ref name="AndersenGolitzen"/><ref name="Hughes"/> Dalka Mali, wuxuu ku biiraa [[Webiga Niger]] kor ka xiga Bamako meel u dhow tuulada [[Kourouba]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-2008-181-EN-MALI-IRRIGATION-DEVELOPMENT-PROGRAMME-PHASE-I-ESIAS.PDF |title=Irrigation Development Programme - Phase I |publisher=[[African Development Bank]] Group}}</ref> Dhismaha [[Biyo-xireenka Sélingué]] wuxuu bilaabmay 1980, iyada oo ujeedadu ahayd in Bamako lagu siiyo koronto;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Evaluation-Reports-_Shared-With-OPEV_/06004242-EN-MALI-SELINGUE-DAM.PDF |title=Mali: Selingue Dam Project: Project Performance Evaluation Report (PPER) |author=B. Askofare |date=6 June 1988 |publisher=African Development Bank Group}}</ref><ref name=KDS>{{cite book |last1=Koenig |first1=Dolores |last2=Diarra |first2=Tiéman |last3=Sow |first3=Moussa |title=Innovation and Individuality in African Development: Changing Production Strategies in Rural Mali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=728lx7XRofcC&pg=PA119 |year=1998 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=9780472108947 |pages=119–123}}</ref> waxaa la daahfuray 13 Diseembar 1982.<ref name=HDoM>{{cite book|last1=Imperato|first1=Pascal James|last2=Imperato|first2=Gavin H.|title=Historical Dictionary of Mali|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zf6xAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA71|access-date=25 November 2016|date=25 April 2008|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810864023|pages=xl, 105}}</ref> Isaga iyo warshadda [[Koronto-biyood|hydroelectric]] ee la socota waxay ka koobnaayeen mashruucii horumarineed ee ugu weynaa taariikhda Mali ilaa wakhtigaas.<ref name=HDoM/> Warshaddu waxay awood u leedahay inay soo saarto 44.8 milyan oo kilowatt-saacadood oo [[koronto]] ah.<ref name=HDoM/> Mashruuc [[waraabin]] ah ayaa sidoo kale la hirgeliyay, markii hore si loogu magdhabo dadka ay ahayd in la raro; wuxuu daboolay {{convert|1200|ha}}, oo loo qaybiyay 1943 qof oo haysta dhul,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gwiwestafrica.org/en/countries/mali |title=Mali: Water for agriculture (2013-17) |publisher=[[International Institute for Environment and Development]] |access-date=2026-07-10 |archive-date=2020-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021075953/https://www.gwiwestafrica.org/en/countries/mali |url-status=dead }}</ref> ama {{convert|60000|ha}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/W4347E/w4347e0i.htm |title=The Niger River basin |author= Natural Resources Management and Environment Department, [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the United Nations}}</ref> Sankanarni waxay leedahay [[bannaanka fatahaadda]] oo aan joogto ahayn oo dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|170|km}} gudaha [[Guinea]].<ref name="Hughes"/> Xeebaha webiga waxay taageeraan [[gallery forest]], in kasta oo kaydka Selingue Dam uu daboolay qaar badan oo ka mid ah.<ref name=KDS/> Sannadkii 2008, in ka badan kun kalluumaysato ah ayaa qabsaday "inta u dhaxaysa 400 iyo 1000 kg/maalintii xilliga ugu sarreeya iyo 10 ilaa 50 kg/maalintii xilliga hooseeya (Maarso ilaa Maajo)" qaybta webiga ee u dhaxaysa biyo-xireenka iyo isgoyska Niger.<ref>{{citation | editor-last=Golitzen | editor-first=Katherin George| year=2005 |title=The Niger River Basin: A Vision for Sustainable Management | publisher=World Bank | place=Washington, DC. |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWAT/Resources/4602114-1206643460526/Niger_River_Basin_Vision_Sustainable_Management.pdf | isbn=0-8213-6203-8 }}</ref> Markii uu ugu sarreeyay awooddiisa, laga soo bilaabo qarniyadii 13-aad ilaa 16-aad CE, caasimadda [[Mali Empire]] ee qadiimiga ah ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay ahayd [[Niani, Mali Empire|Niani]], oo ku taal xeebaha Sankarani.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fage |first1=J. D. |last2=Oliver|first2=Roland |title=The Cambridge History of Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory03fage |url-access=registration |access-date=25 November 2016 |year=1975 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521209816 |page=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory03fage/page/378 378]}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist|30em}} {{coord|12|00|15|N|8|18|46|W|region:ML_type:waterbody_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} lkm0wy8yzdowrfb8mvt1pgq0simhqoz 0 48804 302042 301401 2026-07-13T02:44:27Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Kwango | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Rio Cuango<br>Rivière Kwango<br>Kwango Rivier<br>Quango | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Tazua.jpg | image_size = 300 | image_caption = Tazua Falls oo ku taal Webiga Kwango ee Angola | map = Kwango River entering Kasai River NASA.jpg | map_size = 300 | map_caption = Khariidadda dayax-gacmeedka NASA oo muujinaysa Webiga Kwango oo ku biiraya Webiga Kasai | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 300 | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalalka | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Angola]]|[[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|1100|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Bandundu (magaalo)|Bandundu]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg ={{convert|3299|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = | source1 = [[Cacolo|Alto Chicapa]] | source1_location = [[Angola]], Angola | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|1647|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Bandundu, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo|Bandundu]] kuna biira [[Webiga Kasai]] ee [[Biyo-qabashada Webiga Kongo]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|3|14.666|S|17|22.416|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = [[Cuango, Angola|Cuango]] | basin_size = {{convert|263500|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Cuango''' ama '''Kwango''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Cuango}}; {{langx|fr|Rivière Kwango}}; {{langx|nl|Kwango Rivier}}) waa wabi [[xuduud-ka-gudub]] ah oo ku yaal [[Angola]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo]]. Waa wabi-gacmeedka ugu weyn ee dhinaca bidix ee [[Webiga Kasai]] ee [[Biyo-qabashada Webiga Kongo]].<ref name=Brit>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title= Kwango River|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=Great>{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title= Kwango|access-date= 24 January 2011|publisher= The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}</ref> Wuxuu maraa [[Malanje]] oo ku taal Angola. Biyo-qabashada Webiga Kwango waxay leedahay kheyraad badan oo dheeman ah oo ku jira Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster ee [[Gobolka Lunda Norte]], kuwaas oo laga helay marin-biyoodka ugu weyn ee wabiga iyo dhulka fidsan ee bannaannada fatahaaddiisa.<ref name=Project>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html|title=Kwango River Project|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}</ref> Qarnigii 19-aad, Webiga Kwango waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanay '''Quango''', gaar ahaan shuqullada sahamiyaha [[David Livingstone]].<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |first=Justin D. |last=Livingstone |date=2019 |work=Livingstone Online |accessdate=6 April 2025 }}</ref> == Taariikh == Boqortooyadii Rund, oo ballaaratay si ay u noqoto [[Boqortooyadii Lunda|Lunda Empire]], waxay ku fidisay dhul ka bilaabma Webiga Kwango ilaa [[Webiga Luapula]]. Xukumaheedu waxay ka qaybqaateen [[Addoonsiga Afrika|ka ganacsiga addoonta]].<ref name="Ogot1992">{{cite book|author=Bethwell A. Ogot|title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&pg=PA601|access-date=24 January 2011|date=July 1992|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=978-92-3-101711-7|pages=580, 601, 605}}</ref> Ballaarinta Lunda ee dooxada waxay kor u qaadday dhaxal siyaasadeed iyo dhaqan oo guud iyadoo sidoo kale kor u qaadday ka ganacsiga addoonta, taas oo sharraxaysa cufnaanta dadka oo hooseeya inta u dhaxaysa wabiyada Kwango iyo [[Webiga Kwilu|Kwilu]].<ref name="Ogot1992, p.607">Ogot, p.607</ref> [[Angola Bortuqiis|Boortaqiisku]] waxay gumaysteen dooxada Webiga Kwango waxayna xoog ku qaateen [[Boqortooyadii Kasanje|Boqortooyadii Kasanje]].<ref =history>{{Cite web |url=http://www.history.com/topics/angola |title=Angola |access-date=25 January 2011 |publisher=History.com |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 Bisha Saddexaad 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308180859/http://www.history.com/topics/angola }}</ref> Webiga Kwango wuxuu ku hoos jiray saxiixa heshiis Boortaqiis ah oo ka dhacay [[Lisbon]] 25 May 1891, iyo Baaqii 24 March 1894.<ref name="BrownlieBurns1979">{{cite book|last1=Brownlie|first1=Ian|last2=Burns|first2=Ian R.|title=African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&pg=PA492|access-date=25 January 2011|year=1979|publisher=C. Hurst|isbn=978-0-903983-87-7|page=492}}</ref> [[Cuango, Angola|Cuango]], oo ku taal [[Gobolka Lunda Norte]] ee gudaha Dooxada Webiga Cuango, waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay tahay "muddaca dheemanka ee waqooyi-bari Angola", oo ah aagga ugu dheemanka badan Angola. Magaaladu waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay intii lagu jiray [[Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Angola]], maadaama labada Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola ([[UNITA]]) iyo ciidamada dowladda ay isku dayeen inay qabsadaan oo ay haystaan magaalada. UNITA waxay magaalada u dhiibtay dowladda 30 September 1997, taas oo qayb ka ah [[Hab-maamuuska Lusaka]].<ref name="JamesBroadhead2004">{{cite book|first1=W. Martin |last1=James|first2=Susan Herlin |last2=Broadhead|title=Historical dictionary of Angola|url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame|url-access=registration |access-date=25 January 2011|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4940-2|pages=41–}}</ref> == Juqraafi == {{stack|[[File:Kwango River.png|thumb|350px|Khariidadda biyo-qabashada Webiga Kwango.]]}} Cuango wuxuu ka soo jeedaa buuraleyda [[Cacolo|Alto Chicapa]] ee [[Gobollada Angola|gobolka Angola]] ee [[Lunda Sul]], wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur-waqooyi-galbeed, isagoo ka gudbaya xadka Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya ee Kongo, wuxuuna ku biiraa [[Webiga Kasai]] meel u dhow magaalada [[Bandundu (magaalo)|Bandundo]]. Intaas ka dib, wuxuu ku shubaa [[Webiga Kongo]].<ref name="JamesBroadhead2004"/> Isagoo ka soo kacaya [[Lunda plateau]], wabigu wuxuu sameeyaa doox qoto dheer. Webiga Kwango waa {{Convert|1100|km}} dhererkiisu yahay ilaa is-goyska uu la leeyahay Webiga Kongo, kaas oo {{Convert|855|km}} ka mid ah uu ku yaal Angola.<ref name=Brit/><ref name=Great/> Wabigu wuxuu daadiyaa aag biyo-qabasho oo dhan {{Convert|263500|km2}}. Wabi-gacmeedyada bangiga midig waa wabiyada Wamba iyo Kwilu.<ref name=Free/> === Maraakiibta === Cuango wuxuu leeyahay tiro dhicis iyo biyo-xireenno ah.<ref name=Free>{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River|title=Kwango |access-date=24 January 2011}}</ref> Maraakiibta inta badan waxaa lagu gaaraa qaybaha hoose ee wabiga, oo dhererkoodu yahay {{convert|307|km}} laga bilaabo afkiisa ilaa biyo-xireennada Kingushi. Maraakiibta qayb ahaan sidoo kale waa suurtagal qaybaha dhexe ee wabiga inta u dhaxaysa Kingushi iyo dhicitaanka Franz Josef masaafad dhan {{convert|300|km}}.<ref name=Free/> === Kheyraadka biyaha === Qulqulka xilliga ba'an ee wabiga wuxuu dhacaa inta lagu jiro bisha Agoosto. Qulqulka sanadlaha ah ee celceliska ah ee qaybaha hoose ee wabiga waa {{Convert|2700|m3/s|spell=us}}<ref name=Free/> == Dhaqan == Dooxada wabiga waxaa ku nool [[Dadka Yaka|Yaka]], [[Dadka Suku|Suku]], [[Dadka Mbala|Mbala]], iyo kooxaha qabiilka [[Dadka Pende|Pende]]. Xirfadahooda farsamo waxaa lagu arki karaa qaabka xardhan ee maaskaro ee qaababka joomatari ee tirooyinka, iyo walxo kale oo xardhan.<ref name=Kwango>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River.|title=Kwango River|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> == Dhaqaale == Iyadoo wabiga loo isticmaalo [[kalluumaysiga]],<ref name=Free/> dooxada waxaa loo horumariyay ilaa heer ay bixiso beeraha maciishadda oo kaliya. Waxa xusid mudan taariikh ahaan waa [[saliidda timirta]] iyo wax soo saarka caagga.<ref name="FishFish2001">{{cite book|last1=Fish|first1=Bruce|last2=Fish|first2=Becky Durost|title=The Congo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qxA7unER3MC&pg=PA14|access-date=25 January 2011|date=May 2001|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-7910-6198-5|page=14}}</ref><ref name="Heintze2008">{{cite book|last=Heintze|first=Beatrix|title=Angola on the move: transport routes, communications and history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jkEN9mvNbRQC&pg=PA85|access-date=25 January 2011|year=2008|publisher=Verlag Otto Lembeck|isbn=978-3-87476-553-4|page=85}}</ref> Hawsha ugu weyn ee dhaqaale iyo dakhliga [[Angola|Dawladda Angola]] waxaa laga helaa soo saarista dheemanka ee dooxada. Biyo-qabashada wabiga waxay leedahay il hodan ah oo dheeman ah oo ku taal Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster ee Gobolka Lunda Norte, kaas oo laga helay marin-biyoodka ugu weyn ee wabiga iyo dhulka fidsan ee bannaannada fatahaaddiisa. Gobollada Lunda Norte iyo Lunda Sul ee dooxada wabiga waxay xisaabiyaan tirada ugu badan ee miinooyinka dheemanka ee dooxada iyo Angola.<ref name=Dockstock>{{Cite web|url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/49105357/De-Beers-diamonds-and-Angola-developing-an-understanding-of|title=De Beers, diamonds and Angola developing an understanding |pages=37–39|access-date=24 January 2011|publisher= Dockstock – Documents for Special Business and Professionals}}</ref> Ogolaanshaha sahaminta ayaa la siiyay BRC, oo ku fidsan aag {{convert|2150|km}} u dhexeeya Tembo iyo Kasonga Lunda oo ku taal qaybta Webiga Kwango ee qiyaastii {{convert|185|km}}.<ref name="Project"/> Sida waafaqsan shatiga macdanta ee ay haysato Soiadale de Desenvolvimento Mineiro (SDM), aagagga wax soo saarka waa kuwo ku yaal leexinta Wabiga Tazua iyo Ginge ee Cuango.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.infomine.com/index/pr/Pa145202.PDF|page=8|title= Technical Review Of Diamond Concessions On The Cuango River, Northern Angola|publisher= A C A Howe International Limited|year=2003}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mindat.org/locindex-T0.html|title=Alphabetical Locality Index – T |publisher=mindat.org|quote= Tazua Mine, Luzamba, Cuango City Council, Lunda Norte Province, Angola}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist|2}} ktoq0kd1x77knxcrbrle00raouu5l75 0 48810 302027 301433 2026-07-13T02:38:30Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bengo | pushpin_map = Angola | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu ku yaal Angola | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Angola]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-8.752272|13.393627|format=dms|display=inline,title|region:AO_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} }} '''Bengo''' (ama '''Zenza''') waa wabi ku yaal waqooyiga [[Angola]] kaas oo isha uu ka yimaado ay tahay [[Buuraleyda Crystal (Afrika)|Buuraleyda Crystal]]. Afkiisa wuxuu ku yaal [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] {{convert|20|km|mi}} waqooyi kaga beegan [[Luanda]] ee [[Gobolka Bengo]]. Wabigu waa {{convert|300|km|mi}} oo dherer ah, waxaana uu leeyahay aag biyo-mareen dhan {{convert|7370|km2}}. Waxaa jira kayd-biyood weyn oo lagu magacaabo Kiminha oo ku yaal Bengo.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/t0473e/t0473e01.htm Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa...], FAO</ref> Waxaa jira harooyin yaryar oo dhowr ah oo ku yaal {{convert|90|km|mi}} ee hoose ee dhulka fatahaadda wabiga, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin harooyinka Panguila, Quilunda iyo Lalama. Dhulka fatahaadda ee Webiga Bengo waa isha ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka beeraha ee Luanda.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-adv/specialsales/spotlight/angola/article16.html The Province Of Bengo: Manna from Muxima], ''Washington Post''</ref> Biyaha la cabbo ee Webiga Bengo ayaa loo rari jiray Luanda iyadoo lagu ridayo fuustooyin markab ilaa intii laga dhisayay marin-biyood sannadkii 1889.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=IMwNAAAAQAAJ&dq=bengo+river+angola&pg=PA15 Angola and the River Congo, Volume 2], Joachim John Monteiro, Macmillan and Company, 1875, p. 15-19</ref> Gaadiidka xamuulka ayaa keena inta badan sahayda biyaha ee casriga ah ee magaalada, kuwaas oo laga soo rarayo bambooyin ku yaal wabiga.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/16/world/africa/16cholera.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 In Oil-Rich Angola, Cholera Preys Upon Poorest], SHARON LaFRANIERE, ''New York Times'', June 16, 2006</ref> Geedaha loo yaqaan mangrovska ayaa ka baxa afka wabiga, meel u dhow xadkooda koonfureed.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wzSCkulW9SQC&dq=zenza+river+angola&pg=PA241 ''World Atlas of Mangroves''], Mark Spalding, Mami Kainuma and Lorna Collins, Earthscan, 2010, p 241.</ref> Yaxaasyada, neef-biyoodka (manatees), berriga iyo kalluunka ayaa ka mid ahaa xayawaannada ku nool wabiga. Warshadaha kaliya ee [[aquaculture|beerashada biyaha]] ee Angola waa beer [[tilapia]] oo ku taal Webiga Bengo meel u dhow [[Kifangondo]] ee [[Gobolka Luanda]].<ref>[http://omap.africanmarineatlas.org/BIOSPHERE/data/fishes/fisheries/CountryCatches/Fishery%20Country%20Profiles/FAO%20Fishery%20Country%20Profile%20-%20Angola.htm Fishery Country Data: Angola] {{Wayback|url=http://omap.africanmarineatlas.org/BIOSPHERE/data/fishes/fisheries/CountryCatches/Fishery%20Country%20Profiles/FAO%20Fishery%20Country%20Profile%20-%20Angola.htm |date=20160303225016 }}, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations</ref> Wabigu wuxuu ahaa goob lagu dagaallamo dhowr jeer. Sannadkii 1641, Bortuqiisku waxay u gurteen halkaas markii Holland ay [[Qabsashadii Luanda|qabsadeen Luanda]]. Sannadkii 1873, [[Dembos]] ku noolaa inta u dhaxaysa wabiyada Bengo iyo [[Webiga Dande]] ayaa hoggaamiyay kacdoon ka dhan ah Bortuqiiska.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=BKKf4PYI-IIC&dq=zenza+river+angola&pg=PA312 ''The Creole Elite and the Rise of Angolan Protonationalism: 1870-1920''], Jacopo Corrado, Cambria Press, 2008, p. 35.</ref> [[Dagaalkii Quifangondo]] ee 1975 wuxuu ahaa meel muhiim ah oo ka mid ah [[Dagaalkii Xornimada Angola]]. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} tdlupvdw7y054v0tbmh2qhhddyhpztq 0 48815 302033 301441 2026-07-13T02:39:11Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Cuvo | image = Cachoeiras do Binda.jpg | image_caption = Binda Falls | pushpin_map = Angola | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu ku yaal Angola | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Angola]] | mouth= [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-10.862222|13.797222|format=dms|display=inline,title|region:AO_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} | length={{cvt|505|km|mi|abbr=on}} | basin_size={{cvt|22,908.3|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="South West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=163&catid=325&Itemid=179|title=South West Coast}}</ref> | discharge1_location=Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg=(Muddadii: 1971–2000){{cvt|369.1|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="South West Coast"/> }} '''Cuvo''' waa [[wabi]] ku yaal bartamaha [[Angola]]. Afka wabigu wuxuu ku yaal [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] ee [[Benguela Bay]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=obA9AAAAYAAJ&dq=cuvo+river&pg=PA498 The Earth and Its Inhabitants ...: South and east Africa], Elisée Reclus, Ernest George Ravenstein, Augustus Henry Keane, D. Appleton, 1890, p. 8</ref> ee [[Gobolka Cuanza Sul]]. Cuvo waa magaciisa qaybaha sare; qaybtiisa hoose waxaa loo yaqaan '''Keve''' ama '''Queve'''.<ref>[http://angolaemb.com/angola.swf Angola Tourism], Angola Embassy</ref> Wabiga waxaa la mari karaa qulqulka kor ee ilaa [[Binga Falls]] oo u dhow [[Gabela, Angola|Gabela]]. Wabi-gacmeedyadiisa waaweyn waxaa ka mid ah [[Webiga Cussoi]]. Wabigu waxa laga yaabaa inuu yahay xadka koonfureed ee uu gaaro [[neef-biyoodka Afrika|neef-biyoodka Afrika]] (African manatee).<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&dq=cuvo+river&pg=PA601 A Directory of African Wetlands], R. H. Hughes, J. S. Hughes, G. M. Bernacsek, IUCN, 1992</ref> Dhulka fatahaadda ee wabiga iyo [[Kaynta Kumbira]] waa qayb ka mid ah [[Goob Muhiim u ah Shimbiraha]] oo leh dhowr nooc oo naadir ah.<ref>[http://www.stanford.edu/~cagan/Angola_Sekercioglu&Riley.pdf A brief survey of the birds in Kumbira Forest, Gabela, Angola, Çagan H Sekercioglu and Adam Riley, Ostrich 2005], {{ISSN|0030-6525}}</ref> Afka wabiga wuxuu leeyahay kayn [[mangrov]] ah.<ref>[http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Portals/15/ANGOLA.pdf 5.1 Angola] {{Wayback|url=http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Portals/15/ANGOLA.pdf |date=20140512153617 }}, Ramsar Sites Information Service</ref> == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Liiska wabiyada Angola]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} llpg3uwlit9bv9avcxso5awv3bib5g5 0 48820 302028 301451 2026-07-13T02:38:32Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bero | pushpin_map = Angola | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu ku yaal Angola | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Angola]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|15|10|S|12|10|E|display=inline,title|region:AO_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} }} '''Bero''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfurta [[Angola]]. Afkiisu wuxuu ku yaal [[Little Fish Bay]] ee [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] dhinaca waqooyi ee magaalada [[Moçâmedes]] ee [[Gobolka Namibe]].<ref name="mapcartaBR">{{cite web|url=http://mapcarta.com/19048986|title=Bero|work=Mapcarta|accessdate=10 October 2016}}</ref> == Taariikh == Sannadkii 1849 gumaystayaashii Bortuqiiska ee ka yimid [[Brazil]] ayaa bilaabay beeridda dhinacyada wabiga.<ref>[http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00053126/00001/2j Sea fisheries and fish ports in Angola], Irene S. Van Dongen, 1962, p. 14</ref> Intii lagu jiray muddo colaadeedkii [[Ovimbundu]] ee 1862, Bortuqiisku waxay ciidamo dhigeen labada dhinac ee Bero.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Wb4NAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22rio+bero%22+angola&pg=PA200 Relatorio Do Governador Geral Da Provincia de Angola: Sebastiao Lopes de Calheiros E Menezes Referido Ao Anno de 1861] Angola. Govêrno Geralm Impr. Nacional, 1867, p. 200</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=mw1n9-3ZvcQC&dq=1862+angola+ovimbundu&pg=PA314 General history of Africa. 6. Africa in the nineteenth century until the 1880s], J. F. Ade Ajayi, UNESCO, Jan 1, 1989, p. 314</ref> Dhamaadkii qarnigii 19-aad iyo bilowgii qarnigii 20-aad, harooyinka Webiga Bero waxay taageereen beeraha miraha, cudbiga, sonkorta iyo qaxwaha, iyo sidoo kale inay siiyaan biyo nadiif ah maraakiibta uumiga ee maraya in kasta oo la xusay inay jiri karto hal cag oo biyo ah wabiga [[xilliga abaarta]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=9tINAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22bero+river%22&pg=PA421 Africa Pilot: The southwest coast of Africa from Cape Palmas to the Cape of Good Hope, including the islands of St. Helena, Ascension, Tristan da Cunha, and neighboring islands], United States Hydrographic Office, 1916, pp. 420-421</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=KTEMAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22bero+river%22&pg=PA758 Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, Volume 5], Edward Stanford, 1883, p. 458.</ref> Shaqooyinka lagu nadiifinayo wabiga iyo xoojinta bangiyadiisa meel u dhow afka wabiga ayaa la sameeyay 2000-meeyadii si loo xakameeyo fatahaadda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.opway.pt/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=484&Itemid=108 |title=Opway.pt - Rio Bero - Desassoreamento e Regularização do Leito do Rio Bero - 3ª Fase - Namibe. |access-date=2014-01-05 |archive-date=2014-01-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106031629/http://www.opway.pt/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=484&Itemid=108 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.portalangop.co.ao/angola/en_us/especiais/reconstrucao-nacional/2010/9/40/Urbanisation-minister-checks-cleaning-works-Bero-River,2720f647-aee2-4fb6-898a-d003bc968928.html Urbanisation minister checks cleaning works on Bero River], ANGOP - Angola Press News Agency, 05 Oct 2010</ref> Dhirtii, [[Euphorbia berotica]], waxaa loogu magac daray wabiga sababtoo ah waxaa laga helay aagga.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=u2n5vusQ1DEC&dq=%22rio+bero%22+angola&pg=PA25 Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names], Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton Springer, Mar 11, 2004, p. 25</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} szrkbxp91g4jsksyqvgauzn997hpppg 0 48822 302066 301453 2026-07-13T02:52:42Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Okavango | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Namibia Okavango 2.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Okavango oo ku yaal Kavango, Namibia | map = Okavango River Basin map.png | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda dooxada wabiga Okavango | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 4 <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dalalka | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Angola]]|[[Namibia]]|[[Botswana]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|1700|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = {{convert|350|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{convert|475|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = {{convert|1000|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Cachiungo]], Angola | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|-12.706|16.081|format=dms|type:river_region:AO|display=i}} | source1_elevation = {{Convert|1788|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Okavango Delta]] | mouth_location = [[Moremi Game Reserve]], Botswana | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|-18.988|22.576|format=dms|region:BW|display=it}} | mouth_elevation = {{Convert|978|m|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|530000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Kavango River view.jpg|thumb|Muuqaalka wabiga Kavango ee Hakusembe river lodge]] '''Wabiga Okavango''' (oo hore loogu qori jiray ''Okovango'' ama ''Okovanggo'') waa wabi ku yaal koonfur-galbeed Afrika. Waxaa looga yaqaan magacan gudaha [[Botswana]], sida '''Cubango''' gudaha [[Angola]], iyo '''Kavango''' gudaha [[Namibia]].<ref name=mendelsohn/> Waa nidaamka afaraad ee ugu dheer wabiyada [[koonfurta Afrika]], isagoo u qulqula koonfur-bari masaafo dhan {{convert|1,600|km|mi|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}. Waxay ka bilaabataa meel sare oo ah {{convert|1300|m|ft}} oo ku taal buuraleyda bacaadka ah ee Angola. Koonfurta fog, waxay qayb ka tahay xadka u dhexeeya Angola iyo Namibia, ka dibna waxay u qulqushaa Botswana. Okavango ma laha meel uu ka baxo oo bad ah. Taa beddelkeeda, waxay ku dhex shubataa [[Okavango Delta]] ama Okavango [[Alluvial fan|Alluvial Fan]], oo ku yaal [[dooxada endorheic]] ee [[Saxaraha Kalahari]]. '''Wabiga Cuito''' waa wabi-gacmeed weyn. == Magaca == Magaca ''Okavango'' wuxuu ka soo jeedaa ''Kavango,'' kaas oo loola jeedo [[dadka Kavango]] ee waqooyiga Namibia. Higgaadda Ingiriisiga ee hore waxaa ka mid ahaa ''Okovango'', halka qaar ka mid ah aqoonyahannada Namibiya ay door bidaan ''Kavango'' marka ay tixraacayaan wabiga iyo gobolka Namibiya. Taariikhyahan Andreas Eckl wuxuu xusay in warbixinnadii [[Gumaystihii Jarmalka ee Koonfur Galbeed Afrika|gumaystaha Jarmalka]] ay adeegsadeen ''Okavango'', laakiin in ''O-'' bilowga ah aysan ku badneyn luuqadaha maxalliga ah ee Kavango, taas beddelkeedana waxaa loo nisbeeyay saamaynta [[Luuqadda Herero]].<ref name="eckl-2007">{{cite journal |last=Eckl |first=Andreas |year=2007 |title=Reports from ‘beyond the line’: The accumulation of knowledge of Kavango and its peoples by the German colonial administration 1891–1911 |url=https://welwitschia.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/JNS_June2007_7to37.pdf |journal=Journal of Namibian Studies |volume=1 |pages=7–37 |access-date=12 May 2026}}</ref> == Qulqulka == {{Main|Dooxada Kalahari}} Wabiyada Cubango iyo Cuito waa wabi-gacmeedyada ugu waaweyn ee [[Okavango Delta]], waxayna saameeyaan caafimaadkeeda.<ref name=mendelsohn>{{cite web | last=Mendelsohn | first=John | title=A River in Trouble | website=Conservation Namibia | date=9 September 2021 | url=https://conservationnamibia.com/articles/cn2021-river-in-trouble.php | access-date=8 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Goyder | first1=David J. | last2=Barker | first2=Nigel | last3=Bester | first3=Stoffel P. | last4=Frisby | first4=Arnold | last5=Janks | first5=Matt | last6=Gonçalves | first6=Francisco M.P.|display-authors=2 | title=The Cuito catchment of the Okavango system: a vascular plant checklist for the Angolan headwaters | journal=PhytoKeys | publisher=Pensoft Publishers | issue=113 | date=27 November 2018 | issn=1314-2003 | doi=10.3897/phytokeys.113.30439 | doi-access=free | pages=1–31| pmid=30524187 | pmc=6279898 | bibcode=2018PhytK.113....1G | hdl=2263/71882 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> Gudaha Angola, [[gubasho la xakameeyey]] oo xilliyeed ah oo dhirta ah ayaa xirta qeybaha sare ee Cuito waxayna yareeyaan qulqulka biyaha ee hoose maadaama biyaha urursan ay halkii ka qulqulaan [[dib-u-buuxinta biyaha dhulka hoostiisa|biyo-mareenka bacaadka ah]]<!-- [[Percolation]] -->.<ref name=into>{{cite web |last1=Society |first1=National Geographic |author-link=National Geographic |title=Okavango Wilderness Project |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/projects/okavango/ |website=www.nationalgeographic.org |publisher=[[Into the Okavango]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201108114019/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/projects/okavango/ |archive-date=8 November 2020 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref> Sannadkii 2015, National Geographic waxay bilowday Mashruuca Okavango Wilderness (NGOWP) si ay si ballaaran u sahamiyaan Okavango/Cubango Basin. Sannadkii 2023, NGOWP waxay daabaceen natiijooyinkooda oo ay ku jirtay helitaanka isha asalka ah. Isha waxaa laga helay dhul-beereed cufan oo ku yaal Buuraleyda Angola, oo si habboon loogu magacaabay "Angola Highlands Water Tower" (AHWT) ama Lisima Iya Mwono - oo macnaheedu yahay "Isha Nolosha" - ee luuqadda Luchaze. In ka badan 12 cagood oo qoto dheer meelaha qaar, AHWT waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inay haysato 423km³ (ama in ka badan 100 tiriliyan oo galloon) oo biyo ah, taasoo siisa in ka badan 95% biyaha Okavanga Basin. Sannadkii 2026, AHWT waxaa loo asteeyay "Wetland of International Importance" ee ugu horreeya Angola ee uu cayimay Axdiga Ramsar ee ku saabsan dhul-qoyan iyo dawladda Angola. Kahor inta aysan galin Botswana, wabigu wuxuu hoos u dhacaa {{cvt|4|m}} taxane ah oo hirar degdeg ah oo loo yaqaan [[Popa Falls]], oo muuqda marka wabigu hooseeyo, sida inta lagu jiro xilliga abaarta.<ref name=":2">Siyabona Africa Travel (Pty) Ltd, "Popa Falls | Okavango River | Botswana" webpage: [http://www.travel.za.net/africa_popa_falls.html TravelZA-PopaFalls]</ref> Xilliga roobka, qulqulka loo qoondeeyey [[Wabiga Boteti]] ayaa markeeda xilli ahaan u qulqula [[Makgadikgadi Pan]]s, kaas oo leh aag ballaaran oo [[dhul-qoyan]] ah xilliga roobka halkaas oo tobanaan kun oo [[flamingo]]s ay ku kulmaan xagaa kasta.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Andy Burnham, Pete Evans (Layout), The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map |title=Makgadikgadi |url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&mode=&order=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030065111/https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&mode=&order=0 |archive-date=2023-10-30 |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=The Megalithic Portal |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Qeyb ka mid ah qulqulka wabiga ayaa buuxiya [[Harada Ngami]]. == Fatahaadda == [[File:Popafälle (2018).jpg|thumb|Popa Falls (2018)]] Xilli roobaad kasta, Angola waxay heshaa saddex jeer in ka badan roobabka Botswana, taasoo soo saarta qulqul ka sarreeya sidii caadiga ahayd oo gala Okavango, iyadoo u beddelaysa aagagga saxaraha ee dibadda ah dhul-qoyan weyn. In kasta oo roobabka xagaaga ay ka da'aan Angola bisha Janaayo, waxay qaataan hal bil oo dhan si ay ugu safraan 1,000&nbsp;km ee ugu horreeya Wabiga Okavango, ka dibna waxay qaataan afar bilood oo kale si ay ugu [[miirid|sifeeyaan]] dhirta iyo kanaalo badan oo ka mid ah 250&nbsp;km ee ugu dambeeya ee delta-ga. Natiijo ahaan, fatahaaddu waa tan ugu weyn inta u dhaxaysa Juun iyo Agoosto, inta lagu jiro bilaha jiilaalka ee abaarta ee Botswana. Delta-gu markaas wuxuu bararaa ilaa saddex jeer oo ka mid ah cabbirkiisa joogtada ah, isagoo soo jiidanaya xayawaanno ka yimid kilomitir hareeraha iyo abuurista mid ka mid ah uruurinta ugu weyn ee Afrika ee [[duurjoogta]]. Meeshiisa ugu ballaaran sannad fatahaad weyn, [[qoyan-xilliyeedka]] wuxuu gaaraa 150&nbsp;km oo ka kala imanaya bari ilaa galbeed; mid ka mid ah arrimaha horseeda dabeecadda mar walba isbeddela ee delta waa fidsanaanta aagga. Haddii qof uu qaato qayb iskutallaab ah oo ka mid ah delta meeshiisa ugu ballaaran, qofku wuxuu ogaan lahaa in isbeddelka dhererka ee ka yimaada celceliska in ka badan 150&nbsp;km uu ka yar yahay 2 m, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in dhigaal bacaad yar uu keeni karo isbeddello waaweyn.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Okavango Delta – Part 2 {{!}} |url=http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621102937/http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ |archive-date=2018-06-21 |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=blog.africabespoke.com |language=en-US |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sannadaha aadka u roobka badan, qeyb ka mid ah qulqulka wabiga ayaa laga yaabaa inay u fidaan Wabiga Magweggana (dhab ahaantii waa [[wabi-gacmeed]] waqooyi-bari ee Okavango Delta) oo gala [[Wabiga Zambezi]], iyagoo dhaafaya [[Saxaraha Kalahari|Kalahari]]. == Gaadiidka fariisinta == Wabigu wuxuu sannadkii qaadaa 28,000 oo tan oo [[fariisin la hakiyay]] iyo qaddar la mid ah culeyska sariirta ilaa qoyan-xilliyeedka terminalka.<ref name="hani">{{cite journal |last1=Hanibal Lemma |first1=iyo asxaabtiisa |title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia |journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=2019 |volume=577 |article-number=123968 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968 |bibcode=2019JHyd..57723968L |s2cid=199099061 }}</ref> Inta badan fariisinka qaybaha ah ee uu qaado wabigu waa bacaad wanaagsan, oo leh xoogaa dhoobo ah iyo dhiiqo, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay dhismaha juqraafiyeed ee dooxada Wabiga Okavango kaas oo inta badan uu hoos maro bacaadka Kalahari. Waxaa jira uruurin hoose oo ah adkaha milmay ee biyaha wabiga - qiyaastii 40&nbsp;mg/L, oo inta badan ka kooban silica, calcium iyo magnesium bicarbonates - laakiin adkahan milmay waxay sameeyaan qaybta ugu weyn ee fariisinka loo qaado delta sababtoo ah qaddarka biyaha sannadlaha ah waa mid aad u weyn.<ref name="SafGeo">{{cite journal |last1=McCarthy |first1=T S |title= The okavango delta and its place in the geomorphological evolution of Southern Africa |journal=South African Journal of Geology |date=October 2013 |volume=116 |issue=1 |pages=1–54 |doi=10.2113/gssajg.116.1.1|bibcode=2013SAJG..116....1M }}</ref> == Taariikh == Intii lagu jiray xilliyadii qaboobaha ee taariikhda Dhulka, qeyb ka mid ah Kalahari waxay ahayd haro weyn, oo loo yaqaan [[Harada Makgadikgadi]]. Waqtigan, Okavango waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah wabi-gacmeedyadiisa ugu waaweyn. [[File:Cuito and Okavango (2018).jpg|thumb|Isku biirka Cuito (laga soo bilaabo sare) iyo Okavango (qulqulaya bidix ilaa midig) (2018)<br />{{Coord|18|01|40|S| 020|47|31|E|display=inline|dim:10000}}]] == Khilaafka biyaha == Labada Namibia iyo Botswana waxay la kulmaan abaaro, natiijo ahaan, walaac ayaa laga muujiyay khilaaf suurtagal ah oo ku saabsan isticmaalka biyaha wabiga. Namibia waxay dhistay kanaalka biyaha, oo dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii 300&nbsp;km, waxayna soo jeedisay mashruuc lagu dhisayo dhuun 250&nbsp;km ah si looga leexiyo biyaha wabiga loo geeyo Namibia si ay u caawiso yareynta abaarta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hWrEcl2ydzEC&pg=PA294|title=Resource Politics in Sub-Saharan Africa|last=Basedau|first=Matthias|date=2005-01-01|publisher=GIGA-Hamburg|isbn=978-3-928049-91-7|pages=294|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3ilzosWx4wC&pg=PA96|title=Management of Transboundary Rivers and Lakes|last1=Varis|first1=Olli|last2=Tortajada|first2=Cecilia|last3=Biswas|first3=Asit K.|date=2008-03-15|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-74928-8|pages=96|language=en}}</ref> Botswana, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay isticmaashaa Okavango Delta labadaba dakhliga dalxiiska iyo ilaha biyaha. Waaxda Arrimaha Biyaha ee Botswana waxay soo gudbisay in 97% biyaha wabiga ay ku lumaan uumiga, sidaas darteed dalku ma awoodo inuu lumiyo wax biyo ah oo dheeraad ah. Namibia, dhankeeda, waxay ku doodday inay leexin doonto oo kaliya nus ka mid ah boqolkiiba qulqulka wabiga, iyo inay xaq u leedahay wixii biyo ah ee ku qulqula dhulkeeda. Si wax looga qabto arrimahaas oo kale, bishii Sebtembar 1994, Angola, Namibia, iyo Botswana waxay saxiixdeen heshiis dhinacyo badan leh si ay u sameeyaan Komishanka Biyaha ee Dooxada Wabiga Okavango ee Joogtada ah, si ay talooyin u siiyaan saddexda waddan oo ku saabsan hababka ugu wanaagsan ee loo wadaagi karo kheyraadka Wabiga Okavango.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> === Sahaminta shidaalka === [[ReconAfrica]], oo ah shirkad sahaminta batroolka oo xarunteedu tahay [[Canada]], waxay heshay shatiyo sahamin oo loogu talagalay in ka badan 13,600 mayl laba jibaaran oo dhul ah oo ku yaal [[Gobolkii Kavango]] ee hore ee Namibia iyo gudaha [[Botswana]]. Bishii Janaayo 2021 ReconAfrica waxay ku dhawaaqday bilowga hawlaha qodista ee ceelka sahaminta ugu horreeya. Dadka u dhaqdhaqaaqa deegaanka ayaa muujiyay walaac ah in qorshayaasha ReconAfrica ee ceelashooda tijaabada ah aan si habboon loogu baarin habka dib u eegista deegaanka ee Namibia, si kastaba ha ahaatee ReconAfrica iyo labada dawladood ee Namibia iyo Botswana waxay sheegeen in hawlaha shirkadu ay raaceen habkii saxda ahaa iyo in aysan jiri doonin wax jajabin ah (fracking).<ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=ReconAfrica Environmental, Social, and Governance |url=https://reconafrica.com/our-sustainable-approach/environmental-social-governance/ |access-date=20 May 2021}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{cite press release |title=Press release - Clarity on explorative activities by Reconnaissance Energy Botswana |url=https://twitter.com/bwgovernment/status/1359497088128733191 |website=twitter.com |access-date=30 April 2021}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{cite web |title=Factual Response to article titled: "Oil Drillers Threaten Okavango Ecosystem" |url=http://www.mme.gov.na/news/73/No-Fracking-Activities-will-be-conducted-In-the-Okavango-Delta |website=mme.gov.na |access-date=30 April 2021 |archive-date=18 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518042410/http://www.mme.gov.na/news/73/No-Fracking-Activities-will-be-conducted-In-the-Okavango-Delta |url-status=dead }}</ref> Aagga qodista ee ReconAfrica wuxuu ku yaal gobolka [[Kavango West]] kaas oo leh beerta ilaalinta ee dalal badan, lix kayd oo duurjoog ah oo maxalli ah oo la maareeyo, iyo hal goob oo [[UNESCO World Heritage]] ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee shatiga qodista kuma jiro mid ka mid ah aagahan la ilaaliyo.<ref>[https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/reconafrica-start-drilling-first-well-kavango-basin-namibia/ ReconAfrica waxay bilowday qodista ceelka ugu horreeya ee Kavango Basin, Namibia]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210219215106/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/oil-drilling-fracking-planned-okavango-wilderness Qodista saliidda, jajabinta suurtagalka ah ee loo qorsheeyay gobolka Okavango—kutaalka ugu dambeeya ee maroodiyaasha]</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons}} {{Portal|Juqraafiga|Afrika}} * [http://www.okacom.org/ OKACOM Bogga hore] {{Authority control}} 24781twnwwg06lh1oqwll6rnmqtewkx 0 48828 302035 301463 2026-07-13T02:39:17Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302035 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dja River and pirogue.JPG|thumb|280px|Webiga Dja]] [[File:Crossing the Dja on a ferry.jpg|thumb|Ka gudubka Webiga Dja adigoo isticmaalaya dooni]] '''Webiga Dja''' (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Webiga Ngoko''') waa wabi ku yaal galbeedka-bartamaha Afrika. Wuxuu qayb ka yahay xadka [[Cameroon]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Kongo]], wuxuuna leeyahay koorsadiisu dhan tahay qiyaastii {{convert|450|mi|km|order=flip}}.<ref name="eb">{{cite encyclopedia | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/166877/Dja-River | title = Dja River | date = 2008 | encyclopedia = [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] | accessdate = 2008-09-04 }}</ref> Isagoo ka soo kiciya koonfur-bari ee magaalada Abong-Mbang ee koonfur-bari ee Cameroon, [[Kaydka Duurjoogta ee Dja]], oo loo magacaabay [[Goobta Dhaxalka Adduunka ee UNESCO]] sanadkii 1987, ayaa ku taal hareeraha koorsadiisa sare.<ref name="eb" /> Waxay ilaalisaa mid ka mid ah qaybaha ugu waaweyn ee kaymaha roobka kulaylaha ee Afrika.<ref name="eb" /> Isagoo samaynaya xad dabiici ah, oo ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba ku wareegsan kaydka (marka laga reebo koonfur-galbeed), dhagaxyada dhaadheer ayaa ku yaal hareeraha koorsada wabiga ee koonfurta kaydka dherer dhan 60&nbsp;km waxayna la xiriiraan qayb ka mid ah wabiga oo ay jebiyeen hirar degdeg ah iyo biyo-dhacyo.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/dja.html |title = Dja Faunal Reserve |work = UNEP-WCMC Protected Areas Programme |accessdate = 2008-09-05 |archive-date = 2008-07-18 |archive-url = https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080718173253/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/dja.html |url-status = dead }}</ref> Ka dib markii uu raaco koorsadiisa kaydka, Dja wuxuu u qulqulaa qiyaastii koonfur-bari wuxuuna dhaafaa Moloundou, oo hoosta ka xigta doomaha yaryar ay ku dhex safri karaan.<ref name="eb" /> Magaalada [[Ouésso]], ee Jamhuuriyadda Kongo, ayuu ku shubaa [[Webiga Sangha]].<ref name="eb" /> Sannad kasta, ugaarsatada sharci darrada ah ayaa u safra Dja si ay ugu tagaan [[Beerta Qaranka ee Nki]], halkaas oo foolka maroodiga uu ku badan yahay.<ref name="ens"> {{cite news | url = http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/oct2005/2005-10-17-05.asp | title = Cameroon's Two New National Parks Shelter Forests, Wildlife | date = 2005-10-17 | work = Environment News Service | accessdate = 2008-08-28 }}</ref> Hirarka xooggan ee wabiga ayaa ah caqabad kala bar sannadka, laakiin ka dib, sida uu sheegay suxufiga madaxa bannaan [[Jemini Pandya]], duurjoogta ayaa si fudud loo ugaarsan karaa.<ref name="ens" /> == Eeg sidoo kale == *[[Degmooyinka Cameroon]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} 1bm7e8cui1uw87hzxn8skhe5d8nepqs 0 48851 302077 301588 2026-07-13T02:54:12Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Tati | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|-20.506782|27.679869}} | mouth_location = [[Webiga Shashe]] | progression = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = Botswana | location = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = | tributaries_left = [[Webiga Inchwe]] | tributaries_right = }} {{location map|Botswana|caption=Goobta uu Webiga Tati kaga shubmo Webiga Shasha {{coord|-21.553289|27.963889|display=inline,title}}|lat_deg=-21.553289|lon_deg=27.963889|relief=y|display=title}} '''Webiga Tati''' waa wabi ku yaal waqooyi-bari ee [[Botswana]], kana mid ah qulqulka [[Webiga Shashe]], kaas oo isna dhankiisa qulqula [[Webiga Limpopo]]. Wabigu wuxuu dhex maraa [[Francistown]], halkaas oo uu kaga biiro Webiga Ntshe (ama Inchwe) dhinaca bidix.{{sfn|Bule|2010}} == Taariikh == Qiyaastii 1865 kii, nin ugaarsade ah ayaa helay calaamado muujinaya qoditaan dahab oo hore oo u dhow Tati.{{sfn|White|2004|p=2}} Wuxuu ku casuumay Karl Mauch inuu la socdo safarkiisa xiga, sanadkii 1866 kiina Mauch wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu helay [[Tati goldfields]] oo fidsan qiyaastii {{convert|80|by|3|mi}}{{sfn|White|2004|p=3}} taas oo bilowday duulaankii ugu horreeyay ee dahab-doonka ah ee Koonfurta Afrika sanadkii xigay.{{sfn|Eriksson|Altermann|Förtsch|1995|p=85}} Sanadkii 1869 kii, ninkii Ingiriiska ahaa ee Daniel Francis ayaa u yimid inuu u ugaarsado dahab webiga, ka hor inta uusan u dhaqaaqin dhinaca koonfureed ee goobaha dheemanka ee [[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]] sanadkii 1870 kii.{{sfn|Murphy|Armstrong|Bainbridge|Firestone|2010|p=85}} Dahabka ayaa ahaa mid adag in la soo saaro, dahab-doonkiina wuu yaraaday.{{sfn|Main|2001|p=96}} Francis wuxuu soo laabtay 1880 kii wuxuuna xuquuqda macdanta ka helay Boqor Lobengula.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://1870to1918.wordpress.com/2014/08/12/the-rudd-concession/|title=The Rudd concession|last=Jenny|date=2014-08-12|website=1870 to 1918|access-date=2017-02-15}}</ref>{{sfn|Murphy|Armstrong|Bainbridge|Firestone|2010|p=85}} Hawlaha macdanta ayaa dib u soo noolaaday 1880-meeyadii iyo 1890-meeyadii, Francistown-na waxaa la aasaasay 1897 kii markii tareenku yimid. Magaalada waxaa loogu magac daray Francis, kaas oo lahaa inta badan dhulka aaggaas ku yaal.{{sfn|Main|2001|p=96}} == Isticmaalka == Sariirta ciidda leh ee wabiga Tati waxay haysataa biyo dhowr maalmood oo keliya sannadkiiba, sida ay caadada u tahay webiyada ku yaal Botswana.{{sfn|Nas|1993|p=192}} Wabigu wuxuu quudiyaa [[Ntimbale Dam]], oo leh awood kayd ah oo dhan {{convert|26,370,000|m3}}.{{sfn|Central Statistics Office|2009|p=6}} Biyo-xireenka, oo la hawlgeliyay 2008 kii, wuxuu sahay biyo ah siiyaa tuulooyinka ku teedsan [[North-East District (Botswana)|Degmada Waqooyi-Bari]].{{sfn|Kologwe|2008}} In sii dheer jidkiisa, wabigu wuxuu biyo u qaadaa [[Dikgatlhong Dam]].{{sfn|Bule|2010}} Biyuhu waxay noqdeen kuwo ku sumoobay qashinka warshadaha iyo bini'aadamka, waxaana jira halis ah [[cholera]] haddii biyaha loo isticmaalo si aan loo daweyn. Xilliga abaarta ee dheeraaday, wabigu wuxuu lumiyaa biyaha dushiisa, in kasta oo biyaha laga heli karo sariirta ciidda. Qodista ciiddaan ayaa sababtay in heerka biyaha dhulka hoostiisa uu hoos u dhaco, waxayna sidoo kale gacan ka geysan kartaa fatahaadda.{{sfn|Bule|2010}} == Tixraac == '''Tixraacyo''' {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} '''Isha macluumaadka''' {{Refbegin}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=6&aid=2916&dir=2010/June/Friday11 |title=Tati River: A jewel or environmental trap? |last=Bule |first=Edward |work=Mmegi Online |date=11 June 2010 |access-date=2012-09-19 }} *{{cite web |url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/botswanawater_statisticsreport.pdf |title=BOTSWANA WATER STATISTICS |author=Central Statistics Office |date=October 2009 |access-date=2012-09-18 |url-status=unfit }} *{{Cite journal|last1=Eriksson |first1=Patrick G. |last2=Altermann |first2=W. |last3=Förtsch |first3=E. B. |year=1995 |title=Transvaal Sequence and Bushveld Complex |journal=Mineralium Deposita |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=85–88 |doi=10.1007/BF00189337 |bibcode=1995MinDe..30...85E |s2cid=140649997 }} *{{cite journal |url=http://www.sundaystandard.info/article.php?NewsID=3944&GroupID=3 |title=Ntimbale Dam to benefit North East region at last |last=Kologwe |first=Obusitse |date=2008-10-26 |journal=Sunday Standard |access-date=2012-09-19 }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite book|last=Main|first=Michael|title=African Adventurer's Guide to Botswana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdugjOahrC4C&pg=PA96|access-date=2012-09-19|date=2001-10-31|publisher=Struik|isbn=978-1-86872-576-2}} *{{cite book|last1=Murphy|first1=Alan|last2=Armstrong|first2=Kate|last3=Bainbridge|first3=James|last4=Firestone|first4=Matthew D.|title=Southern Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781740595452|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781740595452/page/85 85]|access-date=2012-09-19|date=2010-03-11|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74059-545-2}} *{{cite book|last=Nas|first=P.|title=Urban Symbolism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R7-xvYmg3HcC&pg=PA192|access-date=2012-09-19|year=1993|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-09855-8}} *{{cite book|last=White|first=John|title=Scientific Travellers, 1789-1874|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NSE1ORhvwhUC&pg=PA6|access-date=2012-09-19|date=2004-03-04|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9780415289313}} {{Refend}} {{Authority control}} i0qyr3k7bz52qtbiqdp9xhqg2ijox5v 0 48852 302048 301589 2026-07-13T02:44:46Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Lotsane | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Lotsane river after flood.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Lotsane oo u dhow [[Palapye]] ka dib fatahaad | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka Webiga Lotsane kaga shubo <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Botswana]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Kalahari]] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|1300|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Webiga Limpopo]], xudduudka Koonfur Afrika/[[Botswana]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|22|40|42|S|28|11|25|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|751|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|9748|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Lotsane''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfur-bari ee [[Botswana]]. Waa wabi xilliyeed ka mid ah qulqulka bidix ee [[Webiga Limpopo]] wuxuuna leeyahay bedka biyo-qabashada oo dhan {{convert|9748|km2}}. == Socodka == Lotsane wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa [[sandveld]], dhinaca bari ee [[Saxaraha Kalahari]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa dhanka bari, isagoo mara meel u dhow [[Serowe]] iyo [[Palapye]] wuxuuna dhinac maraa dhulka hoose ee [[Tswapong Hills]] dhinacooda waqooyi meel u dhow [[Maunatlala]]. Ugu dambayntii, wuxuu ku biiraa qulqulka bidix ee Webiga Limpopo xudduudka uu la wadaago Koonfur Afrika.<ref>[http://www.limpoporak.com/en/river/sub-basin+summaries/Lotsane.aspx Limpopo RAK] {{Wayback|url=http://www.limpoporak.com/en/river/sub-basin+summaries/Lotsane.aspx |date=20120805061332 }} Retrieved 4 April 2012.</ref> Qulqulkiisa ugu waaweyn waa [[Webiga Morupule]] iyo [[Webiga Kutswe]], kan dambe wuxuu gooyaa [[Mokgware Hills]], oo ah silsilad buuro ah oo kala qaybisa biyo-mareenka wabiyada u qulqula waqooyi-bari, sida Maitsokgwane, iyo kuwa u qulqula koonfur-bari sida Mahalapswe. Qulqullo kale ayaa ah [[Webiga Dikabeya]] iyo [[Webiga Susuela]], kuwaas oo ku biira Lotsane bariga aagga Tswapong. Dhammaan wabiyada ku yaal biyo-mareenka Lotsane waa kuwo qalalan sannadka oo dhan, waxayna la kulmaan qulqul xilliyeed inta lagu jiro xilliga roobka ee xagaaga. Dadka ku nool aagagga u dhow waxay ururiyaan biyaha ku kaydsan sariirta ciidda leh ee wabiga.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin] Retrieved 4 April 2012.</ref> Waxaa jira hal biyo-xireen oo weyn oo ku yaal Webiga Lotsane. Hadda, waxaa la qorsheynayaa dhismaha biyo-xireenno kale.<ref>[http://www.ihsglobalinsight.co.za/News/news.asp?id=1004 Budget 2012: Fiscal Austerity Adhered to in Botswana - 3 Feb 2012] Retrieved 4 April 2012.</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay [[Water Utilities Corporation (Botswana)|Shirkadda Adeegyada Biyaha]], laga bilaabo Maarso 2012 [[Biyo-xireenka Lotsane]] wuxuu ahaa mid ku dhow in la dhammaystiro.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.facebook.com/waterutilities/posts/375151845836452|publisher=[[Botswana Water Utilities Corporation]]|title=Lotsane Dam|accessdate=20 September 2012}}</ref> == Gallery == <gallery widths="240px" heights="180px"> File:ISS006-E-7917tswapong-lotsane.jpg|Sawirka [[NASA]] ee [[Tswapong Hills]] iyadoo Webiga Lotsane uu qulqulayo dhinaca waqooyi. File:Palapye flood 1.jpg|Fatahaad degdeg ah oo ka dhacday Palapye, Degmada Dhexe, Botswana. Roobab mahiigaan ah ayaa sababay in biyo-xireen yar uu qarxo oo ku yaal Webiga Lotsane, kaas oo dhex mara tuulada </gallery> == Eeg sidoo kale == *[[Drainage basin A]] *[[Webiga Limpopo]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category}} aakyo19v4gau6ql7a77f0ceojk1nqex 0 48854 302037 301591 2026-07-13T02:39:59Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302037 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Eiseb''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Eiseb Omuramba''', waa [[wabi xilliyeed]] ama [[omuramba]] ku yaal [[Saxaraha Kalahari]] ee bariga [[Namibia]] iyo waqooyi-galbeed [[Botswana]]. Wuxuu qayb ka yahay nidaamka biyaha ee Eiseb-Epukiro wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhanka bari dhinaca [[Okavango Delta]].<ref name="ThomasShaw1991">{{cite book |last1=Thomas |first1=David S. G. |title=The Kalahari Environment |last2=Shaw |first2=Paul A. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1991 |isbn=9780521370806|url=https://the-eis.com/elibrary/sites/default/files/downloads/literature/The_Kalahari_Environment.pdf}}</ref><ref name="IWRMEisebEpukiro">{{cite report |url=https://www.the-eis.com/data/literature/MAWF_IWRM%20booklet%20Eiseb-Epukiro_RV2.pdf |title=Integrated Water Resources Management: Eiseb-Epukiro River Basin |publisher=Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, Namibia |access-date=16 June 2026}}</ref> Wabigu waa mid ka mid ah dhowr marin-biyo oo qadiimi ah ama kala go'-go'a oo ku yaal waqooyiga Kalahari. Sida omiramba-da kale, wuxuu qaadaa biyaha dusha sare marka ay roobabku da'aan, halka sariirta webiga iyo kaydadka alluvial ee la xidhiidha ay muhiim u yihiin biyaha dhulka hoostiisa, daaqa, degitaanka iyo isticmaalka biyaha deegaanka ee aagga semi-arid-ka ah.<ref name="Jacobson1995">{{cite book |last1=Jacobson |first1=Peter J. |url=https://hydro-wiki.de/_media/en/projects/omaruru/1207_ephemeral-rivers-and-their-catchments.pdf |title=Ephemeral Rivers and Their Catchments: Sustaining People and Development in Western Namibia |last2=Jacobson |first2=Kathryn M. |last3=Seely |first3=Mary K. |publisher=Desert Research Foundation of Namibia |year=1995 |isbn=9991670947 |location=Windhoek |access-date=16 June 2026}}</ref><ref name="MEFTInventory2015">{{cite report |url=https://www.meft.gov.na/files/downloads/179_ResMob-Inventory%20report2-final.pdf |title=Development of an Inventory of Ecosystem Services in Namibia |year=2015 |publisher=Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Namibia |access-date=16 June 2026}}</ref> == Juqraafiga == Webiga Eiseb wuxuu ku yaal aagga ciidda leh ee Kalahari ee bariga Namibia iyo galbeedka Botswana. Wuxuu la xiriiraa Gobolka Omaheke ee Namibia wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhanka bari ilaa aagga biyaha ee Okavango.<ref name="ThomasShaw1991" /> Liiska webiyada qaranka ee Namibia, Eiseb waxaa lagu daray webiyada iyo omiramba-da u qulqula dhanka Okavango Delta.<ref name="Strohbach2008">{{cite journal |last=Strohbach |first=Ben J. |year=2008 |title=Mapping the major catchments of Namibia |url=https://hydro-wiki.de/_media/en/projects/omaruru/strohbach_2008.pdf |journal=Agricola |volume=18 |pages=63–73 |access-date=16 June 2026}}</ref> Wabigu wuxuu ka tirsan yahay biyo-mareenka Eiseb-Epukiro, oo ah biyo-mareen u dhexeeya Eiseb iyo [[Epukiro]]. Biyo-mareenku wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay Botswana dhinaca bari, wuxuu u gaaraa dhinaca koonfureed dhanka [[Gobabis]], wuxuuna daboolaa qaybo ka mid ah gobollada Omaheke iyo [[Otjozondjupa Region|Otjozondjupa]] ee Namibia.<ref name="IWRMEisebEpukiro" /> Degmada u dhow ee [[Eiseb]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Eiseb Block, ayaa loogu magac daray wabiga. Degmadu waxay ku taal [[Otjombinde Constituency]] ee Gobolka Omaheke.<ref name="NewEra2015">{{cite news |date=17 November 2015 |title=Nguvauva wants Eiseb Block to be declared a constituency |url=https://www.newera.com.na/2015/11/17/nguvauva-eiseb-block-declared-constituency/ |access-date=16 June 2026 |work=New Era |archive-date=18 Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118135352/https://www.newera.com.na/2015/11/17/nguvauva-eiseb-block-declared-constituency/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dabeecadda Omuramba == Eiseb waa omuramba, waa eray loo isticmaalo Namibia iyo Botswana sariiraha webiyada ee qadiimiga ah ama qadiimiga ah ee ku yaal Kalahari. Omiramba badanaa way qallalan yihiin inta badan sannadka laakiin waxay hayn karaan biyo dusha sare ah ka dib roobab mahiigaan ah. Badanaa way ka bacdi badan yihiin bannaannada ciidda ee Kalahari sababtoo ah kanaalladooda waxaa ku jira sediments alluvial oo ka sii fiican.<ref name="Jacobson1995" /> Omiramba-da waqooyi-bari Namibia iyo waqooyi-galbeed Botswana inta badan waxay ka bilaabmaan qaybaha dhexe ee Namibia waxayna u cararaan dhanka Botswana dhexe. Qaar badan ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay ka firfircoonaayeen xaaladaha cimilada qoyan ee hore, laakiin cimilada hadda jira waxay u qulqulaan si isdaba-joog ah iyo masaafo xaddidan ka dib roobabka.<ref name="Jacobson1995" /><ref name="Strohbach2008" /> Dhulalka kaynta leh ee waqooyiga Kalahari, marin-biyoodyada qadiimiga ah sida Eiseb, Epukiro, Omatako, Khaudom, Nhoma, Mpungu iyo Otjozondjou ayaa ka mid ah astaamaha alluvial ee ugu waaweyn ee dhexgalaya muuqaalka ciidda. Marin-biyoodyadan iyo balliyada la xidhiidha badanaa waxaa ku jira silts alluvial ama dhoobo-gacmeed oo fiican waxayna taariikh ahaan u bixiyeen biyo dadka, xoolaha iyo duurjoogta, ha ahaato biyo dusha sare ah ka dib roobka ama ceelasha gacmeed.<ref name="MEFTInventory2015" /> == Biyo-mareenka Eiseb-Epukiro == Biyo-mareenka Eiseb-Epukiro waa mid ka mid ah biyo-mareenada Namibia. Waxay leedahay aag dusha sare ah oo lagu soo waramayo inuu yahay 10,665 km² iyo wax soo saarka biyaha sannadlaha ah oo qiyaastii 20 milyan m³, inta badan biyaha dhulka hoostiisa.<ref name="IWRMEisebEpukiro" /> Biyo-mareenku waa muhiim sababtoo ah biyaha dusha sare waa mid aan caadi ahayn, taas oo ka dhigaysa biyaha dhulka hoostiisa kheyraadka biyaha ugu weyn ee degsiimooyinka, xoolaha iyo isticmaalka kale ee deegaanka. Habkan ayaa caadi u ah omiramba-da Kalahari badan, halkaas oo xariiqyada dheecaanku ay noqon karaan kuwo qalalan dusha sare laakiin weli muhiim u ah aagagga dib-u-buuxinta, meelaha ceelasha gacmeed ama nidaamyada alluvial ee biyaha dhulka hoostiisa.<ref name="Jacobson1995" /><ref name="Simmonds2000">{{cite journal |last1=Simmonds |first1=A. L. E. |last2=Smalley |first2=T. J. |year=2000 |title=Kalahari aquifers in the Gam area of north-eastern Namibia |url=https://mme.gov.na/files/publications/05a_Simmonds%20and%20Smalley_Kalahari%20aquifers_Gam.pdf |journal=Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia |volume=12 |pages=469–474 |access-date=16 June 2026 |archive-date=8 Bisha Lixaad 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250608141550/https://www.mme.gov.na/files/publications/05a_Simmonds%20and%20Smalley_Kalahari%20aquifers_Gam.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Biyo-mareenka Eiseb-Epukiro ayaa sidoo kale lagu sheegay daraasado ballaaran oo ku saabsan kheyraadka biyaha ee gobolka Cubango-Okavango. Warbixin isku-dhafan oo loogu talagalay Xisaab-xirka Biyaha ee Cubango-Okavango River Basin ayaa aqoonsatay aagagga waraabka ee bariga iyo waqooyi-bari ee Omatako Dam iyo bariga fog meel u dhow Otjinene ee biyo-mareenka biyaha qaranka Eiseb-Epukiro.<ref name="CORBWA2013">{{cite report |url=https://www.fao.org/4/i3743e/i3743e.pdf |title=Cubango-Okavango River Basin Water Audit: Synthesis Report |year=2013 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |access-date=16 June 2026}}</ref> == Juqraafiga iyo biyaha dhulka hoostiisa == Aagga Eiseb ee hoose wuxuu la xiriiraa Eiseb Graben, qaab-dhismeedka tectonic ee bariga Namibia. Shaqada juqraafiyeed ee aagga Gam ayaa lagu aqoonsaday cillado u janjeera waqooyi-bari koonfurta Eiseb Omuramba oo ku beegan meelaha ciidda lagu barakiciyay oo saameeya qaababka dheecaanka hadda jira.<ref name="Simmonds2000" /> Simmonds iyo Smalley waxay soo wariyeen in qaab-dhismeedyadan loo fasiray inay yihiin cillado dhowaan sameeyay oo samaynaya kordhinta koonfur-galbeed ee qaab-dhismeedka Okavango Delta graben. Namibia, qaab-dhismeedkan waxaa loogu yeeraa Eiseb Graben.<ref name="Simmonds2000" /> Qodista xarunta Eiseb Graben ee u dhow xudduudka Botswana ayaa xaqiijisay sediments Kalahari oo ka badan 250 mitir oo dhumuc leh.<ref name="Simmonds2000" /> Eiseb Graben waa muhiim u ah biyaha dhulka hoostiisa sababtoo ah sediments-ka Kalahari ee hoose ee saturated waxay bixin karaan biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ee la soo saari karo qaybo ka mid ah graben-ka. Daraasado lagu sameeyay waqooyi-bari Namibia ayaa muujiyay in sahaminta biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ee sediments Kalahari dhumuc weyn leh ay noqon karto mid adag, iyo in hababka qodista ay saameeyaan ogaanshaha iyo horumarinta lakabyada biyaha-xambaarsan ee wax soo saarka yar.<ref name="Simmonds2000" /> == Deegaanka iyo isticmaalka dhulka == Webiga Eiseb wuxuu ku yaal deegaanka ballaaran ee Kalahari, halkaas oo biyaha dusha sare ay ku yar yihiin oo xilliyeed yihiin. Sediments-ka alluvial ee omiramba waxay bixiyaan aagag bacrin ah marka loo eego ciidda qoto dheer ee ku wareegsan.<ref name="MEFTInventory2015" /> Aagaggan waxaa isticmaala dadka iyo xoolaha waxayna taageeri karaan dhirta iyo daaqa xilliyada marka sandveld-ka ku wareegsan uu ka yar yahay wax soo saarka.<ref name="Jacobson1995" /> Kaymaha Waqooyiga Kalahari ee Namibia, hawlaha beeraha iyo xannaanada xoolaha waa isticmaalka dhulka oo muhiim ah. Biyaha la cabbo ayaa badanaa laga soo tuuraa aquifers-ka waxaana loo isticmaalaa ujeedooyin gudaha ah, dalagyada, xoolaha iyo duurjoogta.<ref name="MEFTInventory2015" /> Sidaa darteed Eiseb iyo omiramba-da la xidhiidha waxay qayb ka yihiin aasaaska kheyraadka biyaha ee degsiimooyinka miyiga iyo nolosha xoolo-dhaqatada ee bariga Namibia. == Maareynta biyaha == Maareynta biyaha ee biyo-mareenka Eiseb-Epukiro waxaa qaabeeya engegnaanta biyo-mareenka, qulqulka dusha sare ee go'an iyo ku tiirsanaanta biyaha dhulka hoostiisa. Qorshaynta kheyraadka biyaha ee isku-dhafan ee Namibia waxay ula dhaqantaa Eiseb-Epukiro sidii biyo-mareen gaar ah oo loogu talagalay ujeedooyinka maaraynta kheyraadka biyaha.<ref name="IWRMEisebEpukiro" /> Dukumentiyada qorshaynta beeraha iyo kheyraadka biyaha ee Namibia dhowaan ayaa aqoonsaday dhowr biyo-mareen, oo ay ku jiraan Eiseb-Epukiro, inay ku jiraan cadaadis ama u nugul xaddidaadaha kheyraadka biyaha. Welwelkan wuxuu ku xiran yahay baahida ballaaran ee maaraynta kheyraadka biyaha ee isku-dhafan, soo saarista biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ee waara iyo qorsheynta dhulka iyo biyaha ee cimilada u adkaysta ee gobollada dhulka engegan ee Namibia.<ref name="AgriFoodStrategy2024">{{cite report |url=https://www.nafsan.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Final_MAWLR-STAS-Document-2024-web-quality.pdf |title=Strategy for the Transformation of the Agri-Food Sector 2025/26–2030/31 |year=2024 |publisher=Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, Namibia |access-date=16 June 2026}}</ref> == Xiriirka nidaamka Okavango == Eiseb waa qayb ka mid ah kooxda durdurrada xilliyeedka iyo xariiqyada dheecaanka qadiimiga ah ee la xidhiidha Okavango Delta iyo Biyo-mareenka Kalahari. Okavango Delta waa nidaamka qoyan ee endorheic ee waqooyiga Botswana, halkaas oo biyaha soo galaya delta-ka ay ku lumaan inta badan iyada oo loo marayo evapotranspiration iyo infiltration halkii ay u qulquli lahaayeen badda.<ref name="CORBWA2013" /> Si ka duwan Webiga Cubango-Okavango ee joogtada ah, Eiseb waxay gacan ka geysataa nidaamka sidii xariiq dheecaan Kalahari oo xilliyeed ah. Sidaa darteed waxaa si fiican loo fahmay sidii marin-biyo xilliyeed ama qadiimi ah oo ka mid ah deegaanka dheecaanka Okavango-Kalahari oo ballaaran halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd qulqulka joogtada ah.<ref name="ThomasShaw1991" /><ref name="Strohbach2008" /> == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Omuramba]] * [[Saxaraha Kalahari]] * [[Biyo-mareenka Kalahari]] * [[Okavango Delta]] * [[Liiska webiyada Namibia]] * [[Liiska webiyada Botswana]] * [[Saadka biyaha iyo fayadhowrka Namibia]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} gzlhirad0crbrtvq9b42qeg7sh0rx63 0 48855 302032 301593 2026-07-13T02:39:07Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302032 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Corubal''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Rio Corubal''' ama '''Tomine''', waa [[wabi]] ku yaal [[Galbeedka Afrika]], kana mid ah qulqulka ugu weyn ee [[Webiga Geba]]. Masaafad gaaban, wuxuu sameeyaa xudduudda caalamiga ah ee u dhaxaysa [[Guinea]] iyo [[Guinea-Bissau]]. Wuxuu leeyahay dherer dhan qiyaastii {{convert|560|km}}. {{Infobox river | name = Corubal | image = | image_size = | image_captionb = | map = Geba Corubal OSM.png | map_size = 375px | map_caption = Khariidadda Senegal, Guinea iyo Guinea-Bissau oo ay ku muuqato aagga biyo-qabashada ee Geba (cagaar khafiif ah) | source1_location = [[Fouta Djallon]], [[Guinea]] | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Guinea]]|[[Guinea-Bissau]]}} | length = {{cvt|561|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | discharge1_location=Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg =(Xilligii: 1979–2015) {{cvt|17.52|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Basins">{{cite web|http://twap-rivers.org/indicators|title=River Basins}}</ref> (Xilligii: 1971–2000) {{cvt|330.7|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="North Africa-West Coast"/> | discharge2_location={{ill|Saltinho (Guinea-Bissau)|lt=Saltinho|de}} (Bedka biyo-mareenka: {{cvt|23,840|km2|abbr=on}} | discharge2_min={{cvt|5.4|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name=GRDC>[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1815020.html "GHAASBasin437 Basin, Station: Saltinho amont"], UNH/GRDC. La helay 29 Janaayo 2013.</ref> | discharge2_avg=(Xilligii: 1977–1994){{cvt|304|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name=GRDC/> | discharge2_max={{cvt|1,600|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name=GRDC/> | mouth_location = Canal do Geba, [[Guinea-Bissau]] | mouth_coordinates = | river_system= Webiga Corubal | tributaries_left=Tomine, Feline | tributaries_right=Koumba | basin_size ={{cvt|24,399.9|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="North Africa-West Coast"/> }} == Taariikh == Corubal wuxuu sameeyay xudduudda u dhaxaysa [[Kaabu]] iyo [[Imamate of Futa Jallon]] dhammaadkii qarnigii 18-aad iyo horraantii qarnigii 19-aad.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mane |first1=Mamadou |title=Le Kaabu (XIIIe-XIXe siècle), Une des grandes entités historiques de l’espace mandingue de Sénégambie |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/902727591/Mane-M-Le-Kaabu-XIII-XIXe-Une-des-grandes-entite-s-historiques-de-l-espace-mandingue-de-Se-ne-gambie |access-date=3 Maarso 2026}}</ref> Intii lagu jiray [[Dagaalkii Gumeysiga ee Bortuqiiska]] bishii Febraayo 1969, ciidankii Bortuqiiska, iyagoo ka gurmanaya dhulalkii ku yaallay [[Boe, Guinea-Bissau|Madina do Boe]], waxay waayeen 47 askari oo ku qarqoomay markii doonidoodii xamuulka badnayd ay hal dhinac u gaddoomtay intii ay ka gudbayeen Corubal. Dhacdadan waxaa loo yaqaan [[Cheche Disaster]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026 |title=Desastre de Cheche: 'Dignificar morte' de antigos combatentes |url=http://www.cienciahoje.pt/index.php?oid=39816&op=all |access-date=14 Juun 2026 |website=CiênciaHoje |language=en}}</ref> === Heshiis === Heshiis maamuus ah oo loo yaqaan "Corubal River Agreement" ayaa la saxiixay 21 Oktoobar 1978 magaalada [[Conakry]] oo ay kala saxiixdeen [[Jamhuuriyadda Guinea]] iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Guinea Bissau]] si loo horumariyo loona maareeyo Webiga Kaliba-Koribal; Webiga Corubal waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan Kaliba. "Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du Fleuve Gambie" (OMVG) oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan "Ururka Horumarinta Biyo-mareenka Webiga Gambia" ayaa sidoo kale lagu heshiiyay in la aasaaso si loo darso loona horumariyo qorshayaasha maareynta ee mashaariicda Webiga Gambia, Webiga Geba iyo Webiga Corubal ee loogu talagalay korontada, waraabka, xakameynta fatahaadaha, socdaalka, tayada biyaha iyo kaabayaasha.<ref name="Hydropolitical Vulnerability And Resilience Along International Waters: Africa">{{cite book|title=Hydropolitical Vulnerability And Resilience Along International Waters: Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NPXKoHilf8kC&pg=PA92|access-date=3 Janaayo 2013|year=2005|publisher=UNEP/Earthprint|isbn=978-92-807-2575-9|pages=92–}}</ref><ref name="Dinar2008">{{cite book|author=Shlomi Dinar|title=International Water Treaties: Negotiation and Cooperation Along Transboundary Rivers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tx8SoeluyWoC&pg=PA247|access-date=3 Janaayo 2013|year=2008|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-77208-2|pages=247–}}</ref> Heshiisku wuxuu kaloo aqoonsaday aagga guud ee biyo-mareenka ee Webiga Corubal oo dhan 24000&nbsp;km² iyadoo 17500&nbsp;km² (72.71%) ay ku yaallaan Guinea iyo inta kale oo ah 27.02% ay ku yaallaan Guinea Bissau.<ref name=Basin>{{Cite web|url=http://www.awiru.co.za/pdf/F_BACK%20UNEP%20Africa.pdf|format=pdf|title=Appendix 1 International Freshwater Agreements, River Basin organizations, and River Basin Commissions of Africa|work=Corubal|access-date=31 Janaayo 2013|publisher=UNEP Africa|archive-date=2015-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110210929/http://www.awiru.co.za/pdf/F_BACK%20UNEP%20Africa.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> OMVG waxay darseen afar goobood oo horumarin ah oo loogu talagalay mashaariicda korontada biyaha. Mashaariicdu waa, Sambangalou ee Webiga Gambia, mashaariicda Fello Sounga iyo Saltinho ee Webiga Koliba/Corubal, iyo Mashruuca Gaoual ee Webiga Géba. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, heshiiska guud ma laha wax xeerar ah oo la taaban karo oo nidaaminaya iskaashiga u dhexeeya Guinea iyo Guinea-Bissau. Sidaa darteed waxaa la soo jeediyay in loo noqdo "[[Convention on the Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses|United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses]]" oo ah aalad caalami ah, oo la qaatay 1997, si kor loogu qaado horumarinta caddaaladda ah iyo waara iyo maaraynta biyo-mareenada ay wadaagaan laba ama in ka badan oo dawladood. Iyadoo la adeegsanayo qodobbada heshiiskan, heshiiska hadda jira ee u dhexeeya labada dawladood ee biyo-mareenka ah ee ku saabsan horumarinta Webiga Corubal wuxuu u baahan doonaa in la ballaariyo iyadoo la samaynayo qodobo gaar ah oo "wargelinaya oo hagaya iskaashiga, iyo sidoo kale bixinta guddiga farsamada hage sharci ah si si wanaagsan loo fuliyo hawlihiisa."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.internationalwaterlaw.org/bibliography/WWF/RA_West_Africa.pdf|format=pdf|title= UN Watercourses Convention: Applicability And Relevance In West Africa|access-date=31 Janaayo 2013|publisher=International Water Law organization}}</ref> == Juqraafiga == [[File:Kolanut.jpg|right|thumb|[[Kola nut]] loo isticmaalo in lagu beddelo dahab]] Wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa meel u dhow [[Labe, Guinea|Labe]] ee buuraleyda [[Fouta Djallon]] ee [[Guinea]] wuxuuna guud ahaan u qulqulaa dhanka bari-galbeed. [[Webiga Bentala]] waa qulqulka sare.<ref name="Brooks2010">{{cite book|last=Brooks|first=George E.|title=Western Africa and Cabo Verde, 1790s-1830s: Symbiosis of Slave and Legitimate Trades|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AMa2VcbHbtEC&pg=PA200|access-date=28 Janaayo 2013|date=7 Disembar 2010|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=978-1-4520-8871-6|page=200}}</ref><ref name=River>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1481521/Corubal-River|title= Corubal River|access-date=31 Janaayo 2013|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Wuxuu soo galaa [[Guinea-Bissau]] xudduudkiisa bari, ka dibna wuxuu u wareegaa guud ahaan koonfur-galbeed, isagoo u dhow xudduudka Guinea-Bissauan, ka dibna wuxuu u leexdaa waqooyi-galbeed, wuxuu maraa [[Xitole]], ka dibna wuxuu ku shubmaa dhamaadka sare ee [[Geba River|Geba]] estuary, qiyaastii {{convert|50|km}} kor u qaadista magaalada [[Bissau]]. Masaafad gaaban, wuxuu sameeyaa xudduudda caalamiga ah ee u dhaxaysa Guinea iyo Guinea-Bissau. Wuxuu u qulqulaa inta u dhaxaysa xudduudda koonfureed ee [[Bafatá Region|Bafatá]] iyo gobollada [[Quinara Region|Quinará]] iyo [[Tombali Region|Tombali]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Corubal River|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1481521/Corubal-River|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=28 Janaayo 2013}}</ref> Waa mid la mari karo oo ilaa magaalada Bafatá.<ref name=River/> Socdaalka Webiyada Corubal iyo Geba waxay kaloo u dhaqmeen sidii [[Biofada]]’s [[Mandavan]] dariiqyada karawaannada si ay u qaadaan milix iyo [[Kola nut|kola]] goosashada si loogu beddelo ganacsi dahab ah, ilaa koonfurta [[Mount Kōya|Koya]] ee Cape Mount Area.<ref name="Brooks2003">{{cite book|author=George E. Brooks|title=Eurafricans in Western Africa: Commerce, Social Status, Gender, and Religious Observance from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O2T8EAgAYiMC&pg=PA40|access-date=3 Janaayo 2013|year=2003|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=978-0-85255-489-0|pages=40–}}</ref> Biafada waa dhulka sare ee isku-xirka ee bangiga waqooyi ee Webiga Corubal iyo estuary-ga waa qiyaastii 10&nbsp;km ballac ahaan marka ay labada wabi isku xirmaan.<ref name="Brooks2003"/> == Haydrometri == Qulqulka wabiga waxaa la arkayay 18 sano (1977-1994) magaalada Saltinho, oo ku taal 200 kiiloomitir badda. Saldhigga Saltinho amont, qulqulka celceliska sannadlaha ah ee la arkay intii lagu jiray muddadaas wuxuu ahaa 304 m3/s ee aagga biyo-qabashada oo daboolaya 23,840 km2, in ka badan 90% dhammaan biyo-mareenka wabiga. Qoto-dheeraanta qulqulka waxay gaartay 404&nbsp;mm/sannadkii, taas oo loo tixgelin karo mid sarreeya.<ref name="GRDC2">{{Cite web |title=GHAASBasin437 - Saltinho amont|url=https://www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1815020.html|access-date=14 Juun 2026|website=www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu}}</ref> Rio Corubal wuxuu leeyahay qulqul sarreeya laakiin aad u qallafsan. Celceliska qulqulka bishiiba ee la arkay bishii Maajo (ugu yar) waa kaliya 8 m3/s, in ka badan 140 jeer ka yar celceliska bisha Sebtembar, markaas oo qulqulka uu ugu sarreeyo. Kala duwanaanshaha xilliyeedka ayaa sidaas darteed aad u sarreeya, taas oo muujinaysa qallafsanaan weyn. Muddo 18 sano ah oo la daawanayay, qulqulka bilaha ugu yar wuxuu ahaa 5.4 m3/ s, halka kan ugu sarreeyana uu ahaa 1,600 m3/s.<ref name="GRDC2" /> == Dhirta == Qaybaha hoose ee labada wabi, bangiyada waxay leeyihiin kaymo [[Mangrove]] iyo dhulal [[marshy]], kuwaas oo sidoo kale ay ku dhaceen kaneecada [[anopheles]]. Qaybaha sare ee wabiga biyo-mareenku wuxuu leeyahay [[savanna]] [[woodland]].<ref name="Brooks2003"/> == Dhirta xayawaanka== Inta badan dadka [[antelope]] ee Guinea-Bissau waxay ku yaallaan aagga Webiga Corubal-Dulombi.<ref name="East1999">{{cite book|last=East|first=Rod|title=African Antelope Database 1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=59Ci3C8BCmEC&pg=PA45|access-date=29 Janaayo 2013|year=1999|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-8317-0477-7|pages=45–}}</ref> [[Hippopotamus]] waxay samaystaan dad gooni ah.<ref name="Eltringham2010">{{cite book|last=Eltringham|first=S.K.|title=The Hippos|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0xvDQq7hZ8C&pg=PA139|access-date=29 Janaayo 2013|date=31 Janaayo 2010|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4081-2868-8|pages=139–}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Commons}} 94gs5996dvr5pz6v2npbnxd58zn57hl 0 48861 302041 301599 2026-07-13T02:44:18Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Great Scarcies | name_other = Kolenté | image = Great Scarcies Basin OSM.svg | image_size = 250px | image_caption = Khariidadda Biyo-mareenka Webiga Great Scarcies | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | source1_location = [[Fouta Djallon]], [[Guinea]] | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Guinea]]|[[Sierra Leone]]}} | length_km = 257 | length_ref = <ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | discharge1_location=Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg =(Xilligii: 1979–2015) {{cvt|13.37|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Basins">{{cite web|url=http://twap-rivers.org/indicators|title=River Basins|access-date=2024-01-29|archive-date=2024-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117234333/http://twap-rivers.org/indicators/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_coordinates ={{coord|8|54|00|N|13|11|00|W|display=inline}} | river_system= Webiga Great Scarcies | tributaries_left= | tributaries_right= | basin_size_km2 = 7,832 | basin_size_ref = <ref name="River Basins"/> }} '''Webiga Kolenté''' (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Webiga Great Scarcies''') waa wabi ku yaal [[Guinea]] iyo [[Sierra Leone]]. Wabigu wuxuu sameeyaa qayb ka mid ah [[Guinea–Sierra Leone border|xudduudda caalamiga ah]] ee u dhaxaysa labada waddan. Wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] meesha loo yaqaan Barlo Point, [[Sierra Leone]]. Gudaha Guinea, waxaa loo yaqaan Kolenté halka Sierra Leone, waxaa loo yaqaan Great Scarcies. [[Webiga Little Scarcies]] wuxuu ku shubmaa isla gacanka Badweynta Atlaantik ee koonfurta Webiga Great Scarcies. Aaggan waxaa degay [[Temne people|dadka Temne]] kuwaas oo ka soo haajiray [[Futa Jalon]] oo ku yaal waqooyiga.<ref name="short Fyfe">{{cite book|last=Fyfe|first=Christopher|title=A Short History of Sierra Leone|year=1962|publisher=Longmans|location=London}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{coord|9|16|N|12|54|W|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kolente River}} gvrffq0l3kynvf2iohj49t1qg4kb5u3 0 48862 302045 301601 2026-07-13T02:44:37Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Little Scarcies | image = Kaba or Little Scarcies River Outamba Kilimi Park.JPG | image_size = 300px | image_caption = Webiga Little Scarcies ee [[Outamba-Kilimi National Park]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | source1_location = [[Fouta Djallon]], [[Guinea]] | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Guinea]]|[[Sierra Leone]]}} | length_km = 280 | length_ref = <ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | discharge1_location=Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg =(Xilligii: 1979–2015) {{cvt|30.52|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Basins">{{cite web|url=http://twap-rivers.org/indicators|title=River Basins|access-date=2026-07-11|archive-date=2024-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117234333/http://twap-rivers.org/indicators/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_coordinates ={{coord|8|54|00|N|13|11|00|W|display=inline}} | river_system= Webiga Little Scarcies | tributaries_left= | tributaries_right= | basin_size_km2 = 18,552 | basin_size_ref = <ref name="River Basins"/> }} '''Webiga Little Scarcies''' waa wabi ku yaal galbeedka [[Afrika]] kaas oo ka bilaabma [[Guinea]] uuna ku qulqulaa [[Sierra Leone]], ka dibna wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Atlaantik]]. Waxaa ku hareeraysan dhulal [[marsh]] oo ballaaran. Wabiga waxaa kale oo loo yaqaannaa '''Webiga Kaba'''. [[Webiga Great Scarcies]] wuxuu ku shubmaa isla gacanka Badweynta Atlaantik ({{coord|8|54|00|N|13|11|00|W|display=inline}}), wax yar uun koonfurta ka xigta afka Webiga Little Scarcies. Aaggan waxaa degay [[Temne people|dadka Temne]] kuwaas oo ka soo haajiray [[Futa Jalon]] oo ku yaal waqooyiga.<ref name="short Fyfe">{{cite book|last=Fyfe|first=Christopher|title=A Short History of Sierra Leone|year=1962|publisher=Longmans|location=London}}</ref> Qaab hore oo kale oo magaca ah ayaa ahaa '''Scassos''';<ref>Carl Bernhard Wadström, ''An Essay on Colonization, Particularly Applied to the Western Coast of Africa, with Some Free Thoughts on Cultivation and Commerce'' (Darton and Harvey, 1794), p. [https://archive.org/details/essayoncolonizat00wads/page/237 237].</ref> magaca Ingiriisiga waxaa laga soo qaatay Bortuqiiska ''Rio dos Carceres''.<ref>P. E. H. Hair (ed.), ''Hawkins in Guinea, 1567-1568'' (Leipzig: Institut fur Afrikanistik, Universitat Leipzig, 2000; {{ISBN|3932632656}}), p. 57: "The 'Causserus' is River Scarcies, an important waterway NW of the Sierra Leone estuary, whose local name was probably Kase but which became known to the Portuguese as first Rio de Case/Caces and then as Rio dos Carceres; hence, by English corruption, 'Scarcies'."</ref> == Qoraallo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} 2z3ji5thxw3vjmexun532kk1b9vyqqp 0 48863 302059 301602 2026-07-13T02:48:25Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Moa | image = Tiwai Island River.jpg | image_size = 250px | image_caption = Jasiiradda Tiwai ee Webiga Moa | map = Moa Basin OSM.svg | map_size = 250px | map_caption = Khariidadda Biyo-mareenka Webiga Moa | source1_location = [[Guinea Highlands]], [[Guinea]] | source1_elevation= {{cvt|930|m|abbr=on}} | subdivision_type1 = Waddamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Guinea]]|[[Liberia]]|[[Sierra Leone]]}} | length = {{cvt|475|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast|access-date=2024-01-29}}</ref> | discharge1_location=Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg =(Xilligii: 1979–2015) {{cvt|32.94|km3/year|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Basins">{{cite web|url=http://twap-rivers.org/indicators|title=River Basins|access-date=2024-01-29|archive-date=2024-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117234333/http://twap-rivers.org/indicators/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] | mouth_coordinates = | river_system= Webiga Moa | tributaries_left=Ouaou, Mauwa | tributaries_right=Mafissa, Meli, Male | basin_size ={{cvt|19,560|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="River Basins"/> }} '''Webiga Moa''' ('''Webiga Makona''')<ref name=EB1911>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Liberia|volume=16 |page=539 |first=Harry |last=Johnston}}</ref> waa wabi ku yaal [[Galbeedka Afrika]]. Wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa buuraleyda [[Guinea]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed, isagoo sameeya qaybo ka mid ah xudduudaha Guinea–[[Liberia]] iyo Guinea – [[Sierra Leone]]. Wuxuu ku qulqulaa [[Southern Province, Sierra Leone|Gobolka Koonfureed]] ee Sierra Leone.<ref name=EB1911/> [[Yenga]], [[Jasiiradda Tiwai]] iyo [[Sulima, Sierra Leone|Sulima]] waxay ku yaallaan wabiga Moa. == Qoraallo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} {{coord|7.0192|N|11.5413|W|source:wikidata|display=title}} km7xsuezklvl0ytcc00vkmcadiq8s6m 0 48869 302055 301611 2026-07-13T02:48:11Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302055 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mbeya''' (sidoo kale '''Mbé''', '''Mbei''': Af-Faransiis: ''Rivière Mbeya'', Af-Isbaanish: ''Río Mbeya'') waa wabi ku yaal [[Gabon]] iyo [[Equatorial Guinea]]. Waa laan ka mid ah [[Webiga Komo]]. Biyo-mareenku wuxuu daboolaa {{convert|6940|km2}}, taas oo 93% ay ku taal Gabon (oo ay ku jiraan qaybo ka mid ah [[Crystal Mountains National Park]]) inta soo hartayna ay ku taal Equatorial Guinea.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu/database/register/tables/IRB_africa.html |title=AFRICA |website=International River Basin Register |publisher=College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, [[Oregon State University]] |date=Luulyo 2012 |accessdate=10 Oktoobar 2017 |archive-date=2017-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011072315/http://www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu/database/register/tables/IRB_africa.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shirkadda korontada iyo [[water industry|biyaha]] ee Gabon ee SEEG, oo ah shirkad hoos timaada [[Veolia]], ayaa ku shaqaysa laba biyo-xireen oo koronto-biyood ah oo ku yaal wabiga Kinguélé (58 MW) iyo Tchimbélé (69 MW).<ref>{{cite web |last=Connolly |first=Christina |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pbaaf765.pdf |title=Challenges to Establishing Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) in Gabon: A Case Study of the Mbé River Basin |publisher=[[Wildlife Conservation Society]] |date=Agoosto 2009 |accessdate=10 Oktoobar 2017 |archive-date=2017-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011071705/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pbaaf765.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|0.327|N|10.208|E|display=title}} jk6wdkaw2lwki547ibt22wva7n49iam 0 48904 302069 301667 2026-07-13T02:53:06Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Rokel | image = Freetown-aerialview.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = Freetown oo ku taal af-gudbada webiga | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = [[Loma Mountains]], [[Guinea Highlands]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Galbeedka Afrika]] | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Sierra Leone]] | location = | etymology = | length_km = 386 | length_ref = <ref name="North Africa-West Coast">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=157&catid=209&Itemid=179|title=North Africa-West Coast}}</ref> | source1_elevation ={{cvt|900|m|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation ={{cvt|0|m|abbr=on}} | discharge1_location=Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_avg =(Muddadii: 1971–2000) {{cvt|546.9|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="North Africa-West Coast"/> | basin_size_km2 = 10,622 | basin_size_ref = <ref name="North Africa-West Coast"/> | river_system = Webiga Rokel | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | name_other = {{Plainlist| * Webiga Seli * Webiga Pamoronkoh }} }} '''Webiga Rokel''' (sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Webiga Seli'''; horey '''Webiga Pamoronkoh''') waa webiga ugu weyn Jamhuuriyadda [[Sierra Leone]] ee ku taal Galbeedka Afrika. Dooxada webigu waxay cabbirkeedu yahay {{cvt|10,622|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}, iyadoo qulqulka biyaha ay kala qaybiyaan buuraha Gbengbe iyo Kabala iyo [[Buuraha Sula]]. Af-gudbada oo fidsan aag dhan {{cvt|2,950|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} ayaa noqotay goob [[Heshiiska Ramsar|Ramsar]] oo muhiim u ah dhul-qoyanka sanadkii 1999.<ref name=Ramsar>{{Cite web|url=http://sites.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1SL001en_part1.pdf|title=Sierra Leone Estuary: Proposed Ramsar Site|accessdate=3 Luulyo 2013|publisher=Wetland Organization|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211324/http://sites.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1SL001en_part1.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ramsar.org/pdf/sitelist_order.pdf|title=1014, Sierra Leone River Estuary |date=13 Diseembar 1999|accessdate=7 Luulyo 2013|publisher=Ramsar organization}}</ref> == Juqraafiga == Webiga Rokel wuxuu ka soo bilaawdaa {{convert|900|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} oo ah bannaanka sare ee [[Buuraha Loma]], ee [[Guinea Highlands]] ee waqooyiga dhexe ee Sierra Leone, wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhanka koonfur-galbeed qiyaastii {{convert|240|mi}} isagoo dhex mara safaf buuro ah, waxaana la socda wabi yar oo barbar socda oo la yiraahdo [[Port Loko Creek]], wuxuuna ku shubaa [[af-gudbada]] Rokel ka hor inta uusan gelin [[Badweynta Atlaantik]].{{sfn|Bird|2010|p=933}}<ref name=River>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/506982/Rokel-River|title=Rokel River|accessdate=3 Luulyo 2013|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Af-gudbada, ka dib markii ay ku biirto [[Webiga Bankasoka]], waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan [[Webiga Sierra Leone]], dhererkeeduna waa {{convert|25| miles|abbr=on}} ballacdana waa {{convert|4|–|10|mi}}. [[Freetown]] iyo [[Pepel]] waa labada dekedood ee ku yaal xeebaha af-gudbada.<ref name=Brit>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/543405/Sierra-Leone-River|title=Sierra Leone River| accessdate=3 Luulyo 2013|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Marka af-gudbaddu sii ballaarato oo ay ku biirto Atlaantik ballaceedu waa qiyaastii {{convert|11|km|abbr=on}}. Xeebta koonfureed ayaa ah tan ugu qotada dheer oo samaysa deked dabiici ah, taas oo la sheegay inay tahay tan saddexaad ee ugu weyn adduunka.<ref name=Ramsar/> Dhul-qoyanka Mangrove iyo meelaha dhoobada ah ayaa ah nidaamka deegaanka ee ugu muhiimsan (iyagoo ka kooban 19% kaynta mangrove ee dalka)<ref name=Ramsar/> oo laga xusay agagaarka [[ria]] ee webiga.{{sfn|Bird|2010|p=933}} Dooxada webiga cabbirkeedu waa {{convert|10622|km2}}, iyadoo qulqulka biyaha ay kala qaybiyaan buuraha Gbengbe iyo Kabala iyo buuraha Sula. Webiga Rokel wuxuu hoos u dhacaa {{convert|15|m}} biyaha dhaca ee Bumbuna.{{sfn|Brebbia|Popov|2013|p=45}} Noocyada Mangrove ee la diiwaangeliyay waa ''[[Rhizophora]]'', ''[[Avicennia]]'', ''[[Laguncularia]]'', iyo ''[[Conocarpus]]'', kuwaas oo daboolaya aag dhan {{Convert|34.23|ha}}.<ref name=Ramsar/> Caasimadda Sierra Leone ee [[Freetown]] waxay ku taal marinka Webiga Sierra Leone, qiyaastii {{convert|25|mi}} u jirta dekedda Pepel. == Juqraafiyadda Dhulka == Webiga Rokel iyo laamihiisa waxaa loo qeexay inay yihiin "Rokel River Group" si loogu sameeyo cilmi-baaris juqraafiyeed. Qaab-dhismeedka juqraafiyeed ee kooxdan ayaa la sheegay inay ka mid tahay [[Tabe formation]] iyadoo fadhiyada barafka ay ku badan yihiin dhinaca bari isla markaana ay ka muuqdaan webiga qaybo ka mid ah; qaab-dhismeedka juqraafiyeed ee laga xusay webiga waa dhagaxyada granite. Qaab-dhismeedku wuxuu si ballaaran ugu kala qaybsan yahay dhagaxyada sedimentary ee laalaaban. Waxa kale oo la sheegay in [[orogeny]] ay ka tirsan tahay xilliga Pan African thermo-tectonic ee qiyaastii 550 Ma.{{sfn|Hambrey|Harland|2011|pp=132, 133}} Juqraafi ahaan waa dooxad si farsamaysan loo xakameeyo oo leh qaabab ka tirsan xilliyada [[Precambrian]], [[Infra-Cambrian]] iyo [[Pleistocene]]. Webiga waxaa lagu xayiray buuraha Sula ee koonfur-bari iyo buuraha grantoid ee Gbengbe iyo Kabala ee galbeedka. Cascades-ka caanka ah ee webiga waxaa loo yaqaanaa biyaha dhaca ee Bumbuna halkaas oo webigu hoos u dhaco {{Convert|15|m}} taasoo u gogol xaareysa dhismaha mashruuc koronto-biyood.{{Sfn|Rosbjerg|1997|p=496}} == Taariikhda == [[John MacCormac (ganacsade)|John MacCormac]], oo ahaa ganacsade Irish ah, ayaa degay [[Jasiiradda Timbo, Sierra Leone|Jasiiradda Timbo]] sanadkii 1816 wuxuuna bilaabay dhoofinta [[Oldfieldia africana|Geedka African Oak]] ee ka yimaada Webiga Rokel.<ref name="DACB">{{cite web|title=McCormack, John|url=http://www.dacb.org/stories/sierraleone/mccormack_john.html|website=Dictionary of African Christian Biography|publisher=Center for Global Christianity and Mission|accessdate=10 Oktoobar 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011223122/http://www.dacb.org/stories/sierraleone/mccormack_john.html|archivedate=11 Oktoobar 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ganacsigu wuxuu ahaa mid aad u ballaaran muddo laakiin ugu dambeyntii wuu hoos u dhacay. Macdanta birta iyo dahabka alluvial ayaa bilaabmay dabayaaqadii 1920-yadii iyo horraantii 1930-yadii, iyadoo mashruuca koronto-biyoodka Bumbuna Falls uu socdo.{{sfn|Brebbia|Popov|2013|p=45}} Dadka [[Yalunka]] waxay caasimadooda, [[Falaba]], ka yisteen meel u dhow isha Rokel.{{sfn|Shillington|2004|p=922}} Af-gudbada, oo fidsan aag dhan {{Convert|2950|km2}}, ayaa lagu daray liiska Ramsar ee goobaha dhul-qoyanka muhiimka ah sanadkii 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sierra Leone becomes Ramsar's 118th Contracting Party |website=ramsar.org |date=15 Janaayo 2000 |url=https://www.ramsar.org/news/sierra-leone-becomes-ramsars-118th-contracting-party }}</ref><ref>United Nations Environment Programme: Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, (2007), bogga 41</ref> Goobta waxaa xad u ah Cape Point dhinaca galbeed ee Freetown, oo ay xad u tahay [[Webiga Bunce]] mid ka mid ah xeebaheeda, iyo [[Tagrin Point]] halkaas oo qaybaha Rokel ay ku biiraan dhinaca koonfureed ee afkeeda.{{sfn|Ramsar|}} Bishii Febraayo 2025, Thomas Mariee wuxuu dhammaystiray 365km oo safar keligiis ah oo uu ku maray Webiga Rokel muddo 17 maalmood ah. == Horumarinta == Qulqulka webiga Rokel waxaa lagu cabbiray saddex saldhig oo cabbirka biyaha ah. Qulqulka ugu sarreeya iyo kan ugu hooseeya ee lagu soo warramay Magbass, oo ka mid ah saddexda saldhig, waa {{Convert|1905|m3}} iyo {{Convert|2|m3}} siday u kala horreeyaan. Waxaa jira mashaariic badan oo laga hirgeliyay dooxada webiga kuwaas oo baahidooda sahayda biyaha ka hela webigan.{{Sfn|Rosbjerg|1997|p=496}} Macdanta birta ee Marampa waxay ku tiirsan tahay sahayda biyaha ee laga soo tuubo webiga. Sharci heshiis oo ku saabsan xuquuqda biyaha ee Webiga Rokel ayaa lala saxiixday horumariyayaasha macdanta; macdantu waxay shaqaynaysay tan iyo 1933 ilaa 1975 waxaa waday shirkadda Sierra Leone Development Company (DELCO) iyo Astro Minerals tan iyo 1983. Heshiiska biyuhu wuxuu bixiyaa "xuquuq gaar ah oo mudnaan leh oo ku saabsan isticmaalka biyaha Rokel iyada oo loo marayo heshiis gaar ah" muddo 89 sano ah laga bilaabo 1 Janaayo 1938. Saamaynta deegaanka ee isticmaalayaasha hoose iyo qashinka ka yimaada hawlaha macdanta ayaan wax laga qaban. Birta la soo saaray waxay keentay in dhererka mid ka mid ah buuraha macdanta ay hoos u dhacdo {{Convert|24.4|m}}.{{Sfn|Rosbjerg|1997|pp=497-98}} Macdanta dahabka ee buuraha Sula iyo sediments-ka webiga Rokel waxay ahayd hawl ballaaran oo la qabtay tan iyo 1929 ee webiga iyo laamihiisa ka dib markii dahab laga helay buuraha. Daraasado sediment ah ayaa la sameeyay si loo qiimeeyo uruurinta macdanta arsenic. Hawlgalka panning-ka ee webiga iyadoo la adeegsanayo xoogga gacanta ayaa ku salaysan paddocking. Hawlgalkan macdanta dahabka ee alluvial ayaa lagu tilmaamay mid deegaan ahaan burburinaya maadaama jarista dhirta ee ujeeddooyinka macdanta ay keentay nabaad-guur ballaaran oo buuraha ah iyo sediment-ka webiga iyo laamihiisa.{{Sfn|Rosbjerg|1997|p=497}} [[Biyo-xireenka Bumbuna]] ayaa laga horumariyay webiga iyadoo la dhisay biyo-xireen dhererkiisu yahay {{Convert|93|m}} meel cidhiidhi ah oo webiga ah, kaas oo abuuray haro fidsan {{Convert|30|km}} kor u socota.{{Sfn|Rosbjerg|1997|pp=498-99}} Mashruuca Waraabka Magbass ayaa laga hirgeliyay xagga hoose ee biyo-xireenka. Hirgelinta mashruuca waxaa ka caawiyay Shiinaha beerashada [[sokorta]]. Mashruuca, oo la hirgeliyay 1980, wuxuu ku yaal Magbass oo ku taal xeebaha webiga wuxuuna leeyahay aag waraab oo dhan {{Convert|880|km2}}.{{Sfn|Rosbjerg|1997|p=499}} == Flora iyo Fauna == Flora-da ku taal af-gudbada waxay ka kooban tahay kaynta mangrove. Shimbiraha aagga ku yaal waxay ka kooban yihiin 10,000 oo shimbirood oo ka tirsan 36 nooc (diiwaankii 1995). Waxa kale oo la sheegay in ay jiraan sideed nooc oo shimbiraha wader-ka ah ee jiilaalka kuwaas oo ka kooban 1% dadka adduunka. Sideedda nooc ee [[palaearctic]] migrant [[wader]]s ee la diiwaangeliyay waa:<ref name=Ramsar/> * [[Ringed plover]] (''Charadrius hiaticula'') * [[Kentish plover]] (''Pluvialis squatarola'') * [[Sanderling]] (''Calidris alba'') * [[Curlew sandpiper]] (''Calidris ferruginea'') * [[Eurasian whimbrel]] (''Numeniusphaeopus'') * [[Common greenshank|green shank]] (''Tringa nebularia'') * [[Common redshank|red shank]] (''Tringa totanus'') * [[Western reef heron]] (''Egrette gularis'') == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Mabilafu]], tuulada ugu weyn ee ku taal xeebaha Webiga Rokel == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist|2}} == Buug qoraal == *{{cite book|last=Bird|first=Eric|title=Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mfo5TPb7SDsC&pg=PA933|date=8 Abriil 2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-8638-0}} *{{cite book|last1=Brebbia|first1=C. A.|last2=Popov|first2=V.|title=Food and Environment II: The Quest for a Sustainable Future|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LsGsLmjUU2EC&pg=PA45|date=2013|publisher=WIT Press|isbn=978-1-84564-703-2}} *{{cite book|first1=M. J. |last1=Hambrey|first2=W. B. |last2=Harland|title=Earth's Pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Iw-gQf4_LYC&pg=PA132|year=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-17230-1}} *{{cite book|first=Dan |last=Rosbjerg|title=Sustainability of Water Resources Under Increasing Uncertainty|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPDr7HLdSt4C&pg=PA496|year=1997|publisher=International Association for Hydrological Sciences|isbn=978-1-901502-05-3}} *{{cite book|last=Shillington|first=Kevin|title=Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ftz_gtO-pngC&pg=PA922|year=2004|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-57958-245-6}} *{{cite book|title=Mangroves of Western and Central Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdrMCcDQaaoC&pg=PA41|year=2007|publisher=UNEP/Earthprint|isbn=978-92-807-2792-0|pages=41–}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}}{{Coord|8.55|-12.80|display=title}} te1in3rkm8zfz95tix8z3598a1e47km 0 48906 302019 301669 2026-07-13T01:26:02Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302019 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sherbro Landsat.jpg|thumb|Sawirka dabiiciga ah ee Landsat ee Jasiiradda Sherbro, Sierra Leone. Dhanka galbeed, waxaa laga arki karaa Jasiiradaha Turtle.]] {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Jasiiradda Sherbro, Sierra Leone | nickname = | subdivision_type = [[Wadamada adduunka|Wadan]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobolka Koonfureed, Sierra Leone|Gobol]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Degmooyinka Sierra Leone|Degmo]] | subdivision_name = [[Sierra Leone]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Gobolka Koonfureed, Sierra Leone|Gobolka Koonfureed]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Degmada Bonthe]] | leader_title = | leader_name = | population_as_of = Qiyaastii 2013 | population_metro = | population_total = 28,457 | population_footnotes = | timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time]] | utc_offset = ±0 | website = }} '''Jasiiradda Sherbro''' waxay ku taal [[Badweynta Atlaantik]], waxaana lagu daray [[Degmada Bonthe]], [[Gobolka Koonfureed, Sierra Leone|Gobolka Koonfureed]], [[Sierra Leone]]. Jasiiradda waxaa ka sooca dhulka weyn ee Afrika Webiga Sherbro oo dhanka waqooyi ah iyo [[Sherbro Strait]] oo dhanka bari ah. Waxay dhererkeedu yahay {{convert|32|mi|km}} ballacdana ilaa {{convert|15|mi|km}}, iyadoo dabooleysa aag qiyaastii {{convert|230|sqmi|km2}}. Dhanka ugu fog ee galbeed waa [[Cape St. Ann]]. [[Bonthe]], oo ku taal dhanka bari, waa dekedda ugu weyn iyo xarunta ganacsiga. Taariikh ahaan, tani waxay qayb ka ahayd dhulka dadka taariikhiga ah ee [[Sherbro]], kuwaas oo u talin jiray aag ballaaran oo ka mid ah waxa hadda loo yaqaan Sierra Leone. Maanta waxay ku urursan yihiin qaybta koonfureed iyo dhexe ee [[Degmada Moyamba]]. Iyaga ayaa ah kooxda [[qowmiyadda]] ugu weyn ee jasiiradda, halkaas oo tirada guud ee dadku tahay 28,457. Jasiiraddu waxay leedahay in ka badan {{convert|65|mi|km}} oo xeebo kulaylaha ah. Wasaaradda Dalxiiska iyo Horumarinta ee Sierra Leone ayaa u qoondeysay horumarinta dalxiiska. == Hawlaha dhaqaale == Beerashada bariiska ee dhul-qoyan, dalxiiska, iyo kalluumeysiga ayaa ah hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee dhaqaalaha.{{Citation needed|date=Maarso 2024}} Sannadkii 2024 waxaa la sheegay in jilaaga Ingiriiska ah [[Idris Elba]], oo aabbihiis yahay [[Sierra Leonean Creole]], uu aasaasay Sherbro Alliance Partners iyadoo ujeedadu tahay in lagu horumariyo "magaalo-caqli badan" (smart-city) oo awood u leh inay taageerto ilaa hal milyan oo qof jasiiradda Sherbro.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-17 |title=Idris Elba 'dreams big' with Sierra Leone eco-city plan for Sherbro Island |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68573737 |access-date=2024-03-20 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Taariikhda == Jasiiradda Sherbro waxaa muddo dheer ku noolaa dadka Sherbro, kuwaas oo taariikh ahaan u talin jiray qowmiyadaha kale ee qayb badan oo ka mid ah gobolka dhulka weyn. Dadka jasiiraddu waxay lahaayeen dhaqaale ku salaysan kalluumeysi ballaaran. Waxay sidoo kale doonyo ku ganacsan jireen dadka deriska la ah ee ku nool tuulooyinka xeebta. Intii lagu jiray duullaankii [[Mane people|Mane]] ee qarnigii 16-aad, Sherbro waxay ahayd xarunta mid ka mid ah boqortooyooyinkooda waaweyn.<ref name=Rodney>{{cite journal |last1=Rodney |first1=Walter |title=A Reconsideration of the Mane Invasions of Sierra Leone. |journal=The Journal of African History |date=1967 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=219–46 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007039 |jstor=179481 |s2cid=163011504 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/179481 |access-date=16 Luulyo 2023|url-access=subscription }} </ref>{{rp|227}} Boqorkii intii lagu jiray qarnigii 17-aad badhtankiisii hore wuxuu ahaa nin la odhan jiray Sherabola ama Selboele, ka dibna jasiiradda ayaa loo bixiyay.<ref name=Rodney/>{{rp|232}} Qarnigii toddoba iyo tobnaad, sahamiyeyaal iyo ganacsato ka yimid [[Portugal]], [[Spain]], iyo [[Netherlands]] ayaa yimid aaggan. Waxay la ganacsan jireen dadka Sherbro iyo qabiilo kale oo ku nool wabiyada ilaa gudaha. Waxay tixraaceen waxa hadda loo yaqaan Webiga Sherbro sida Webiga ''Madrebombo'', taas oo laga yaabo inay ula jeedaan "hooyo durbaan" af-Isbaanish. Warqado Dutch ah oo taariikhdoodu ahayd 1633 ayaa wabiga ku tilmaamay qoraal kala duwan oo ah ''Maderebombo.'' Noocyada kale ee qoraalka waxaa ka mid ahaa ''Madrabomba.'' (Eeg: ''Navigantium Atque Itinerantium Bibliotheca'') Qarnigii toddoba iyo tobnaad, [[Royal African Company]], oo loo aasaasay sidii kali-talisnimo Ingiriiska, waxay bilowday inay halkan iyo [[Xeebta Guinea]] ka shaqeeyaan sidii ganacsato. Iyadoo markii hore raadinayay dahab, gaar ahaan Webiga [[Gambia]], qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad ee hore RAC waxay ku lug lahaayeen [[ka ganacsiga addoonta]], kaas oo ay ku jirtay kali-talisnimadooda. RAC waxay samaysay qalcaddii shirkadda oo loo yaqaan York Island ee Jasiiradda Sherbro. Waxay ahayd deked loogu dhoofiyo Afrikaanka la addoonsaday dhanka Ameerika. [[Thomas Corker]], oo ka yimid [[Falmouth, Cornwall]], wuxuu la shaqaynayay RAC in ka badan toban sano markii loo magacaabay wakiil halkan qarnigii toddoba iyo tobnaad dhammaadkiisii. Wuxuu guursaday gabadh uu dhalay madax ka mid ah Sherbro, labadoodii wiilna waxay noqdeen aabbayaasha reer boqor ee ganacsatada iyo madaxda gobolka. Wax yar ka dib markii loo wareejiyay [[The Gambia]], wuxuu ku dhintay safar ganacsi oo uu ku tagay Ingiriiska sanadkii 1700, laakiin farcankiisa Sierra Leone si fiican ayey u shaqeeyeen.<ref name="tattersfield">{{cite book|last=Tattersfield|first=Nigel|title=The Forgotten Trade: Comprising the Log of the 'Daniel and Henry' of 1700 and Accounts of the Slave Trade From the Minor Ports of England 1698–1725 (1778)|location=London|date=1991|pages=309–19}}</ref> Ka dib markii Great Britain ay baabi'isay [[Taariikhda addoonsiga|ka ganacsiga addoonta]] Afrikaanka ah ee caalamiga ah 1807, waxay bilowday inay u isticmaasho qalcaddii ganacsiga ee RAC ee hore ee Jasiiradda Sherbro saldhig u ah hawlgallada badda ee ka dhanka ah ganacsatada addoonta ee sharci-darrada ah. Addoomadii la xoreeyay waxaa dib loogu dejiyay gumaystihii [[Freetown]]. Maraykanku wuxuu kaloo mamnuucay soo dejinta dadka la addoonsaday 1808, in kasta oo fulintu xaddidneyd. Laakiin muddo tobanaan sano ah, labada dal ee Spain iyo Portugal waxay sii wadeen iibsashada addoomo Afrikaan ah oo loogu talagalay gumaysigooda Caribbean-ka, iyo Bartamaha iyo Koonfurta Ameerika. Sannadkii 1815 [[Paul Cuffe]], oo ahaa sameeye markab oo guulaystay oo African-American ah oo ka yimid [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], ayaa xiisaynayay dib-u-dejinta dadka madow ee xorta ah ee galbeedka Afrika. Ingiriisku waxay tan ka fuliyeen [[Freetown, Sierra Leone]] ilaa 1792. Halkaas, [[Black Loyalists]] oo ka yimid [[Nova Scotia]] (African Americans la xoreeyay intii lagu jiray [[American Revolution]]) waxaa ku biiray [[Jamaican Maroons|Maroons]] laga soo musaafuriyay [[Jamaica]], [[Liberated Africans in Sierra Leone|Liberated Africans]] laga xoreeyay ganacsatada sharci-darrada ah, iyo qaar ka mid ah kooxaha qowmiyadaha ee dhulka Sierra Leone oo xiisaynayay dhaqanka reer galbeedka,<ref name="harris">Harris, Sheldon H. ''Paul Cuffee: Black America and the African Return''. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1972.</ref> waxay ku midoobeen qowmiyadda [[Sierra Leone Creole|Creole/Krio]].<ref name=Walker>{{cite book|last=Walker |first=James W. |year=1992 |chapter=Chapter Five: Foundation of Sierra Leone |title=The Black Loyalists: The Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone, 1783–1870 |location=Toronto |publisher=University of Toronto Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/blackloyalistsse0000walk/page/94 94]–114 |url=https://archive.org/details/blackloyalistsse0000walk |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-8020-7402-7}} Waxaa markii hore daabacay Longman & Dalhousie University Press (1976).</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Dixon-Fyle |first1=Mac |last2=Cole |first2=Gibril Raschid |chapter=Introduction |year=2006 |title=New Perspectives on the Sierra Leone Krio |location=New York |publisher=Peter Lang |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WGiRuAG8K5wC |isbn=978-0-8204-7937-8 |pages=2–3 |quote=Qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dadkan addoomadii hore waxay ahaayeen Yoruba, laakiin xubno ka tirsan kooxaha qowmiyadaha ee gobollada kale ee Atlaantik (Igbo, Efik, Fante, iwm) ayaa sidoo kale aad loogu arkayay kooxdan dadka xoreeyay ee Liberated Africans. Shakhsiyaadka ka socda bulshooyinka qowmiyadaha asaliga ah ee Sierra Leone ayaa si weyn loogu matalay dadka xoreeyay [...] Qof kasta oo Temne, Limba, Mende, iyo Loko ah oo ku nool Freetown, oo ay saameeyeen saraakiisha maxalliga ah ee Yurub iyo dadka fidinta diinta, waxay ugu dambeyntii daadin doonaan magacyadooda asaliga ah, iyo qiyamka dhaqanka, si ay u qaataan aqoonsi Creole ah kaas oo siiyay fursad wanaagsan oo guul ah jawiga Victorian ee sii kordhaya ee reer galbeedka Freetown.}}</ref> Cuffe wuxuu aaminsanaa in dadka madow ee Mareykanka ah ee xirfadleyda ah ay gacan ka geysan karaan horumarinta ganacsiga ee u dhexeeya Sierra Leone iyo Mareykanka, taas oo faa'iido u leh labada dhinac. Sannadkii 1815, wuxuu dib ugu dejiyay koox ka kooban 88 [[freedmen]] oo Mareykan ah Jasiiradda Sherbro. Ka dib markii uu ku soo laabtay Mareykanka, Cuffe wuxuu suuq geeyay badeecadiisii uu ka soo qaaday Freetown.<ref name="harris"/> Cuffe wuxuu dhintay 1817, laakiin [[American Colonization Society]] (ACS), oo la aasaasay 1820 labada dhinacba ee ka dhanka ah addoonsiga iyo mulkiilayaasha addoonta, ayaa sii waday dadaalka dib-u-dejinta dadka madow ee xorta ah ee Afrika. Waxay u igmadeen sahamin meelo suurtagal ah, oo ay ku jirto Jasiiradda Sherbro. Waxay heleen [[John Kizell]], oo ahaa Sherbro ku dhashay maxalliga ah oo dib u soo laabtay ka dib markii la qabtay oo lagu hayay addoonsi South Carolina. Wuxuu xornimo ku helay Ingiriiska intii lagu jiray [[American Revolutionary War]] wuxuuna ka mid ahaa 1200 [[Black Loyalists]] oo dib loogu dejiyay [[Freetown]] 1792. Kizell wuxuu noqday hoggaamiye dad badan oo Sherbro ah. [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] wuxuu ansixiyay sharci Maarso 3, 1819, kaas oo fasaxayay gaadiidka dadka madow ee xorta ah ee loo dhoofiyo "hooyadood". ACS waxay bilowday inay horumariso gumaysi Afrika loogu talagalay dadka madow ee Mareykanka ah ee xorta ah. Waxay hadhow u noqotay [[Jamhuuriyadda Liberia]]. Muddadan, dadka madow ee ugu badan ee xorta ah (iyo addoomaha) ee Maraykanka waxay ahaayeen dad u dhashay qaranka; waxay halkaas ku lahaayeen qoys iyo taariikh. Waxay rabeen inay helaan xuquuq siman iyo daaweyn aan takoor lahayn oo Maraykanka ah. Sannadkii 1821, markabka ''Elizabeth'' ee ka yimid New York wuxuu siday 86 African Americans oo xor ah (oo ay ku jiraan fidiyaha diinta [[Daniel Coker]]), iyo sidoo kale saddex wakiil oo ACS ah, kooxdii ugu horreysay ee ACS ay taageerto ee Jasiiradda Sherbro. Cudurro iyo qandho ayaa si degdeg ah u dilay in ka badan rubuc dadkii la rabay inay degaan.<ref name="npr">{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=102865779|title=Excerpt: 'This Child Will Be Great'|website=Npr.org|access-date=2017-01-21}}</ref> Kuwii ka badbaaday waxay u guureen Abriil 1822 [[Providence Island, Monrovia|Providence Island]] oo ku taal [[Cape Mesurado]] waxa hadda loo yaqaan qaranka [[Liberia]].<ref name="npr"/> Sannadkii 1861 Gumaystihii Ingiriiska ee [[Freetown]] ayaa ka helay Jasiiradda Sherbro dadka Sherbro, taas oo ka dhigtay inay hoos timaado maamulka dawladdooda. Dadka Sherbro waxay sii wadeen inay halkaas ku noolaadaan. Maamulkii gumaysiga iyo ka dibna ilaaliyaha ayaa maamulayay ilaa Sierra Leone ay xornimada qaadatay 1961. Sida 2024, waxaa jira mashruuc socda oo jasiiradda looga dhigayo [[aag dhaqaale oo gaar ah]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-26 |title=L’acteur Idris Elba se rêve en bâtisseur de ville en Sierra Leone |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2024/03/26/l-acteur-idris-elba-se-reve-en-batisseur-de-ville-en-sierra-leone_6224254_3234.html |access-date=2024-09-27 |language=fr}}</ref> == Deegaanka == [[File:Sherbro Island - panoramio (1).jpg|thumb|Qayb ka mid ah xeebta Jasiiradda Sherbro]] Jasiiradda Sherbro waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay tahay meel ay ku tarmaan [[green sea turtle|qoolleyda badda ee cagaaran]] iyo sidoo kale [[leatherback sea turtle|qoolleyda badda ee leatherback]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn/archives/mtn54/mtn54p10.shtml |title=MTN 54:10-12 Sea Turtle Nesting in Sierra Leone, West Africa |website=Seaturtle.org |date= |accessdate=2017-01-21}}</ref> Biyaha ku hareeraysan jasiiradda waxay haystaan qaar ka mid ah [[tarpon]] ugu weyn adduunka. Diiwaannada ururka kalluumeysiga isboortiga [[IGFA]] waxaa sameeyay qabasho ka timid aaggan. [[African manatee|African manatees]] waxay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin webiga Sherbro ee waqooyiga jasiiradda.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reeves |first=Randall R. |last2=Tuboku-Metzger |first2=Daphne |last3=Kapindi |first3=Richard A. |date=Abriil 1988 |title=Distribution and exploitation of manatees in Sierra Leone |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/9190DDAE8218D9D8B53CFB3820EF1B2F/S0030605300027538a.pdf/div-class-title-distribution-and-exploitation-of-manatees-in-sierra-leone-div.pdf |journal=Oryx |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=77 |via=University of Cambridge |access-date=2026-07-11 |archive-date=2018-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724200345/https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/9190DDAE8218D9D8B53CFB3820EF1B2F/S0030605300027538a.pdf/div-class-title-distribution-and-exploitation-of-manatees-in-sierra-leone-div.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> == Dadka == Bishii Maajo 2013, diiwaanka dawladda Sierra Leone ee dadka jasiiradda waxay ahayd 28,457. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/2015/07/sierra-leone-layers-history-150714082258599.html|title=Sierra Leone's layers of history, A past filled with historical memories slowly crumbles away on a forgotten island in Sierra Leone|last=Trenchard|first=Tommy|date=22 Jul 2015|publisher= Al Jazeera Media Network}} *[http://www.sierra-leone.org/Postcards/MAP2333.jpg 1746 khariidadda Xeebta Guinea, oo ay ku jirto Sierra Leone], waxaa qoray [[N. Bellin]]. Waxaa lagu daabacay Faransiis. *[https://books.google.com/books?id=dbb2Ax2J7AEC&dq=madrabomba&pg=PA53 ''Navigantium Atque Itinerantium Bibliotheca''], Google Books {{Authority control}} {{Coord|7|33|N|12|42|W|region:SL_type:isle|display=title}} axczdlclfuvx57zc01xf4cr7xsxx3pe 0 48912 302056 301675 2026-07-13T02:48:19Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Messalo | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Un-mozambique.png | map_size = 350px | map_caption = Khariidadda Mozambique. Messalo wuxuu ku yaal waqooyi-bari isagoo mara Gobolka Cabo Delgado. | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Kanaalka Mozambique]] | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Mozambique]] | progression = | length = {{convert|530|km|mi|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = <!--{{convert|3|m3/s|abbr=on}}--> | basin_size = {{convert|24000|km2|abbr=on}} | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Messalo''' ({{langx|pt|Rio Messalo}}) waa wabi weyn oo ku yaal waqooyi-bari [[Mozambique]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/377075/Messalo|title=Physiography of Mozambique|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=2010-10-11}}</ref> Wuxuu maraa [[Gobolka Niassa]] iyo [[Gobolka Cabo Delgado]], wuxuu maraa meel u dhow [[Chai (Degmada Macomia)|Chai]], wuxuuna ku shubaa [[Kanaalka Mozambique]] ee [[Badweynta Hindiya]] xeebta Quiterajo meel ku taal {{coord|11|40|25|S|40|26|25|E|}}. Webiga Messalo wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|530|km|mi|abbr=on}} halka Dooxada Webiga Messalo ay tahay {{convert|24000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} baaxaddeedu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unep.org/dewa/water/RiverBasin/documents/Presentations/Francisco.doc|title=Water Resources of Mozambique " and the situation of the shared rivers"|accessdate=12 October 2010|archive-date=26 June 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060626213224/http://www.unep.org/dewa/water/RiverBasin/documents/Presentations/Francisco.doc|url-status=dead}}</ref> Webigu wuxuu fatahay daamihiisa bishii Maarso 2000 intii lagu jiray [[Fatahaaddii Mozambique ee 2000]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/684059.stm|title=Floods hit northern Mozambique|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=2000-03-20|accessdate=2010-10-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unv.org/en/what-we-do/countries/mozambique/doc/unvs-assist-victims-of.html |title=UNVs assist victims of Mozambique floods |publisher=[[United Nations]] |date=2000-03-03 |accessdate=2010-10-11 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724043445/http://www.unv.org/en/what-we-do/countries/mozambique/doc/unvs-assist-victims-of.html }}</ref> [[File:Mozambique flood.jpg|left|thumb|Fatahaado ka dhacay Mozambique sanadkii 2000]] Waddada 247 ayaa ka gudubta Webiga Messalo. Degsiimooyinka waaweyn ee wabiga waxaa ka mid ah [[Natulo]] iyo [[Marere]] (oo ku yaal xeebta). == Juqraafiga == Webiga Messalo wuxuu daadiyaa aag qabasho oo dhan {{convert|24000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}. Waa wabiga 8-aad ee ugu weyn 18-ka wabi ee ugu waaweyn ee daadiya Mozambique.<ref name=river>{{Cite web|url=https://www.miga.org/documents/Project_Management_Plan.pdf|title=Cabo Delgado Biodiversity and Tourism Project Management Plan (2003–2006) |accessdate=2010-10-11|publisher=Cabo Delgado Biodiversity and Tourism Lda Bairro Natite – Zonas Do Inos Av.Marginal – Pemba}}</ref> Webiga Mesalo, oo ah wabiga labaad ee ugu weyn [[Gobolka Cabo Delgado]] ee waqooyiga Mozambique, ayaa dhanka koonfureed ka xiga aagga xeebta, iyada oo ay weheliyaan suunka xeebta [[Badweynta Hindiya]], ee [[Degmada Macomia]]; xuduudaha kale ee aagga xeebta waxaa dejiyay [[Diquide]] oo koonfurta ah iyo xariiqda xeebta ee bari. Af-gudbada ayaa ka kooban {{convert|5000|ha|acre}} oo kaymo mangrove ah oo aan saameyn ku yeelan faragelinta aadanaha.<ref name=river/> ; Beerashada Beerashada, oo inta badan ah heer nololeed, oo lagu dhaqmo wabiyaasha, dhulalka qoyan iyo harooyinka u dhow tuulooyinka, waxay daboolaysaa beerashada [[bariiska]], [[cassava]], [[masago]], [[hadhuudh]], [[baradho macaan]], [[digir]] iyo [[qumbaha]]. Webiga Messalo, dhulalka cawska leh ee alluvial waxay bixiyaan ciid bacrin ah oo leh awood qoyaan-hayn xilliga qalalan. Dhulalkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa beerashada bariiska iyo dalagyo kale. Waxaa jira suurtogalnimo ah in la beero laba dalag oo [[bariis]] ah. Beero bariiska waxaa la sameeyaa Noofambar/Diseembar waxaana la goostaa agagaarka May/Juun. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira cabashooyin ku saabsan dalagyada oo ku baaba'aya sababtoo ah duurjoogta.<ref name=river/> == Duurjoogta iyo dhirta == Aagga Duurjoogta Messalo, oo loogu magac daray wabiga, waa {{convert|33000|ha|acre}} aagga safari ee gudaha. Waxaa lagu gartaa [[acacia]] iyo timir [[savannah]], kaynta xeebta, iyo dhul-kaymeedka [[miombo]]. Af-gudbada wabiga ee Messalo iyo [[Webiga Zambezi|Zambezi]] waa hoyga qaar ka mid ah kaymaha [[mangrove]] ee ugu cufan gobolka.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tLdlpOiuSmEC&pg=PA15|title=The world's mangroves, 1980–2005: a thematic study in the framework of the Global forest resources assessment 2005|publisher=Volume 153 of FAO forestry paper, [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the [[United Nations]]|page=15|year=2007|isbn=978-92-5-105856-5}}</ref> Libaax, shabeel iyo maroodi ayaa ku nool aagga.<ref name="kaskazini">{{cite web|url=http://www.kaskazini.com/ThingsToDo/Comm/VamiziIslandLodgeComm.html|title=Maluane Conservation Project|work=kaskazini.com|accessdate=12 October 2010|archive-date=13 Bisha Todobaad 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713135452/http://www.kaskazini.com/ThingsToDo/Comm/VamiziIslandLodgeComm.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Nothobranchius]]* sp. Webiga Messalo MZHL 05-12, nooc ka mid ah [[kalluunka killifish]] ee ku nool Webiga Messalo ayaa sidoo kale ah nooc lagu soo bandhigo aquarium, kaas oo [[Spawn (biology)|u dhasha]] on [[peat]] ama substrate-ka u dhasha oo si buuxda u qaata xaaladaha biyaha dhexdhexaadka ah oo leh heerkulka biyaha ee kala duwan {{convert|24|-|27|C|F}}.<ref name="kaskazini"/><ref name=species>{{Cite web|url=http://www.killi.co.uk/speciesProfile/Nothobranchius/sp.%20Messalo%20river%20MZHL%2005-12/|title=Species File:Nothobranchius sp. Messalo river MZHL 05-12|accessdate=2010-10-11|publisher=Killiuk|archive-date=2010-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102170931/http://www.killi.co.uk/speciesProfile/Nothobranchius/sp.%20Messalo%20river%20MZHL%2005-12/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Af-gudbada xeebta ee wabiga, dhulalka qoyan waa meel lagu tarmo shimbiraha, dhowr [[kalluun]] iyo [[kalluunka qolofka leh]] noocyada. [[Alluvial]] dhoobada ayaa lagu shubaa af-gudbada. Guud ahaan, suunka xeebta, kaas oo koobaya af-gudbada Messalo (bar-kullanka [[kala duwanaanshaha noolaha]]), wuxuu leeyahay hodan [[badda]] [[dhirta]], marka laga reebo mangroves, sida [[cawska badda]] beero.<ref name=river/> Duurjoogta, oo inta badan aan lagu qorin gobolka aagga xeebta, waxaa ka mid ah duurjoogta badda oo ay ku jiraan [[qoolleyda]] iyo [[dugongs]] tiro badan. Duurjoogta la helay waxay ka kooban tahay maroodi, maroodi, antelopes kala duwan ([[waterbuck]], [[common eland|eland]], [[greater kudu]], [[sable]], [[suni]], [[oribi]], [[duiker]]), [[doofaar]] iyo [[primate]], [[elephant shrew]], [[ugaarsadayaal]] sida [[hyena]], [[shabeel]], [[African wild dog|eey duurjoogta ah]] (oo ku jira baakado 20 ama ka badan), [[libaax]] (oo tiro badan oo 2000 ama ka badan); [[maroodiga Afrika]] iyo noocyada eeyaha duurjoogta ah ayaa loo kala saaray 'halis' ee [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals]]. Maroodi, [[black rhinoceros]], [[impala]], [[zebra]], [[Lichtenstein's hartebeest]], [[wildebeest]], [[cheetah]] iyo [[reedbuck]], in kasta oo la soo sheegay wixii hore, waxay sugayaan xaqiijin dheeraad ah. Aagga xeebta ma laha dad bini'aadam ah oo ku jira xuduudaheeda, marka laga reebo dhowr tuulo oo ku teedsan {{convert|10|km|mi}} oo ah waddada weyn ee Mocimboa de Praia (waddada Macomia-Mocimboa) oo xuduud la leh xadka mashruuca. Kalluumeysiga waa xirfad muhiim u ah dadka ku nool [[af-gudbada]], in kasta oo "kalluumaysatada ku meel gaadhka ah" ee kula tartamaya hawshan dhaqaale ay tahay mid aan faa'iido lahayn. [[Molluscs]] iyo [[kalluunka qolofka leh]] waxaa ururiya haweenka aagga intertidal si ay u isticmaalaan. [[Qajaarka badda]] ayaa sidoo kale la goostaa oo la qalajiyaa si loogu iibiyo ganacsi. Cad [[Lime (material)|lime]] ama qalabka dhismaha waxaa lagu soo saaraa iyadoo la isticmaalayo noocyo gaar ah oo [[Gastropoda|gastropods]] (*Chicoreus ramosus*, *Fasciolaria trapezium*).<ref name=river/> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} mblepuutviyacao2afjse9p60rbnu27 0 48913 302061 301676 2026-07-13T02:48:32Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302061 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WORSFOLD(1899) p087 THE MONTEPUESI RIVER.jpg|thumbnail|Webiga Montepuez (1899)]] [[File:Rivers of northern Mozambique OSM.png|thumb|Webiga Montepuez ee waqooyiga Mozambique (dhexda midig)]] '''Webiga Montepuez''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Mozambique]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfurta [[Webiga Ruvuma]], waxaana lagu gartaa qulqulo xilliyeed iyo daamo ay hareereeyeen dhulal qoyan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/coastal_east_africa|title=Coastal East Africa|publisher=Feow.org|accessdate=10 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 Bisha Sideedaad 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812210200/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/coastal_east_africa}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} c0ji70lrnfj8k9740w0ctxzw5pgct1j 0 48914 302049 301677 2026-07-13T02:46:19Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302049 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rivers of northern Mozambique OSM.png|thumb|Webiga Lúrio ee waqooyiga Mozambique (dhexda, dhexda midig)]] '''Lúrio''' waa wabi ku yaal waqooyi-bari [[Mozambique]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfurta [[Webiga Ruvuma]] wuxuuna ku shubaa badda wax yar koonfurta [[Pemba Bay]].<ref name="Alpers1975">{{cite book|last=Alpers|first=Edward A.|title=Ivory and Slaves: Changing Pattern of International Trade in East Central Africa to the Later Nineteenth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uKYYwVTyOm0C&pg=PA183|date=January 1975|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-02689-6|page=183}}</ref> Wabiga waxaa lagu gartaa qulqulo xilliyeed iyo daamo ay hareereeyeen dhulal qoyan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/coastal_east_africa|title=Coastal East Africa|publisher=Feow.org|accessdate=10 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 Bisha Sideedaad 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812210200/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/coastal_east_africa}}</ref> Waxaa jira biyo-dhac caan ah oo ku yaal wabiga. Dawladda Mozambique waxay qorshaynaysaa inay ka dhisto warshad koronto oo 120-megawatt ah wabiga si ay koronto u siiso gobollada ku hareeraysan ee [[Gobolka Nampula]] iyo [[Gobolka Cabo Delgado]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2014/04/01/mozambican-government-plans-to-build-hydroelectric-plant-on-lurio-river/ |title=Mozambican government plans to build hydroelectric plant on Lúrio River|publisher=Macauhub.com|accessdate=10 August 2014|date=1 April 2014}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Commons}} {{coord|13.5137|S|40.5238|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lurio River}} co6ogs8xobl65bfocr6w4kgji2wwcfq 0 48915 302060 301678 2026-07-13T02:48:31Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302060 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rivers of northern Mozambique OSM.png|thumb|Webiga Monapo ee waqooyiga Mozambique (dhexda midig)]] '''Webiga Monapo''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Mozambique]]. Wuxuu maraa magaalada [[Monapo]] iyo [[Degmada Monapo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geotop.ca/upload/files/publications/chercheur/Rowe_C/Miller%20etal_2013.pdf|author=Jodie A. Millera |author2=Carly Fabera |author3=Christie D. Roweb |author4=Paul H. Macey |author5=Anton du Plessisea |title=Eastward transport of the Monapo Klippe, Mozambique determinedfrom field kinematics and computed tomography and implications forlate tectonics in central Gondwana|publisher=[[Precambrian Research]], [[Elsevier]]|access-date=10 August 2014|format=PDF}}</ref> Wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfurta [[Webiga Ruvuma]], waxaana lagu gartaa qulqulo xilliyeed iyo daamo ay hareereeyeen dhulal qoyan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/coastal_east_africa|title=Coastal East Africa|publisher=Feow.org|access-date=10 August 2014|archive-date=12 Bisha Sideedaad 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812210200/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/coastal_east_africa|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{coord|-14.92642|40.32825|type:river_globe:earth_region:MZ|display=title}} 8y869tn4u98wdskvww5d4oflmrylgqx 0 48916 302043 301679 2026-07-13T02:44:31Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Licungo | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = Rivers of northern Mozambique OSM.png | image_caption = Webiga Licungo ee waqooyiga Mozambique (dhexda hoose) | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Mozambique]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Degmada Gurué]], Mozambique | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|15|25|5.96|S|36|58|41.15|E}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Kanaalka Mozambique]] | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|17|40|48.6|S|37|20|15.62|E}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = }} '''Licungo''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Mozambique]] oo ku yaal [[Gobolka Zambezia]]. Wabigu wuxuu ka bilaabmaa waqooyiga [[Gurúè]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfurta dhanka Badweynta Hindiya. Isagoo ka baxaya [[Degmada Gurué]], wabigu wuxuu sameeyaa xuduudda u dhaxaysa [[Degmada Namarroi]] iyo [[Degmada Ile]] ka dibna xuduudda koonfureed ee [[Degmada Lugela]] ka hor inta uusan gelin [[Degmada Mocuba]]. Magaalada [[Mocuba]], Licungo waxaa ku biira wabiga Lugela oo ka qulqulaya meel u dhow xuduudda [[Malawi]]. Wabigu wuxuu markaas sameeyaa xuduudda u dhaxaysa degmooyinka [[Degmada Namacurra]] iyo [[Degmada Maganja da Costa]]. Fatahaaddu waa arrin soo noqnoqota, oo ay ku jirto [[Fatahaaddii Mozambique ee 2000]].<ref>[http://www.poptel.org.uk/mozambique-news/newsletter/floods2.html Kariba warns that floodgates will open this week] Wakaaladda Wararka Mozambique</ref> Fatahaadihii Janaayo 2015 waxay sababeen 64 dhimasho ah, buundada Waddada Qaranka 1 ee Mocuba way burburtay.<ref>{{cite web |title=País dividido: Águas do rio Licungo inundam distrito de Mocuba |url=http://infodiario.co.mz/articles/detail_article/4389 |website=infodiario.co.mz |language=Af-Bortuqiis |access-date=2026-07-11 |archive-date=2018-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221050319/http://infodiario.co.mz/articles/detail_article/4389 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vale de lágrimas na bacia do Licungo |url=http://www.jornaldomingo.co.mz/index.php/reportagem/4650-vale-de-lagrimas-na-bacia-do-licungo |website=www.jornaldomingo.co.mz |language=Af-Bortuqiis |access-date=2026-07-11 |archive-date=2019-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622205050/http://www.jornaldomingo.co.mz/index.php/reportagem/4650-vale-de-lagrimas-na-bacia-do-licungo |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sannadkii 2018, dooxadu waxay diiradda saartay hindisaha khariidaynta ee Machadka Qaranka ee Maareynta Musiibooyinka (INGC),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rm.co.mz/index.php/component/k2/item/2247-ingc-lanca-projecto-atlas-de-resposta-aos-desastres-na-bacia-do-licungo.html|title=INGC lança Projecto Atlas de resposta aos desastres na Bacia do Licungo|trans-title=INGC launches Atlas Project to respond to disasters in the Licungo Basin|date=2018-07-17|publisher=Rádio Moçambique|language=pt|access-date=2026-07-11|archive-date=2018-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221135235/http://www.rm.co.mz/index.php/component/k2/item/2247-ingc-lanca-projecto-atlas-de-resposta-aos-desastres-na-bacia-do-licungo.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> oo ay taageerayso [[Barnaamijka Cunnada Adduunka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/wfp_mozambique/status/1004659850587099136?s=19|title=#HappeningNow : National Institute for Disaster Management (INGC) holds the 1st technical meeting for the mapping of the Licungo River Basin, in Zambézia province, to reduce disaster risks and facilitate emergency response planning. With @WFP in #Mozambique support.|date=2018-06-07}}</ref> Dooxada waxaa sidoo kale qiimeeyay kooxda Dhimista Khatarta ee Nederland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drrteam-dsswater.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/DRR-report-Mozambique-Licungo-Final-Report-15-June-2015.pdf|title=Dutch Risk Reduction Team: Reducing the risk of water related disasters|date=2015-06-15|publisher=Kingdom of the Netherlands}}</ref> Meelaha beeruhu ka mid yihiin bannaanka Munda Munda<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dutchwatersector.com/solutions/projects/71-munda-munda-irrigation-project.html|title=Munda Munda Irrigation Project|date=2010-11-01|publisher=Dutch Water Sector}}</ref> iyo beeraha sonkorta ee Sena. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} blrcvu1gbzaeumerthgfly06bfquvqc 0 48918 302068 301681 2026-07-13T02:53:04Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Revúboé | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_caption = | map = Revuboe Basin OSM.svg | map_size = | map_caption = Dooxada Revuboe | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = Mozambique | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{convert|187.95|mi|km|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = Buuraha Mozambique | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = Webiga Zambezi | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-16.1789|33.6185|type:river_region:MZ|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Revúboé''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Mozambique]]. Wabigu waa [[wabi-laan]] weyn oo joogto ah oo ku shubma [[Webiga Zambezi]]. == Sharaxaad == Isagoo ka soo jeeda buuraha ku teedsan xuduudda waqooyi ee Mozambique iyo [[Malawi]], Revúboé wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfurta dherer dhan dhowr boqol oo kiiloomitir isagoo maraya dhul qallafsan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hub.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/risky-climate-southern-african-hydro-assessing-hydrological-risks-and-consequences-zambezi-river-basin-dams/lower-zambezi-region|title=The lower Zambezi region {{!}} Global CCS Institute|website=hub.globalccsinstitute.com|access-date=2019-05-27}}</ref> Inta uu u socdo koonfurta, wabiga waxaa quudiya dhowr wabi oo yaryar, kuwaas oo ugu caansan ay yihiin wabiyaasha Ponfi iyo Condedezi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zapper.xitizap.com/xitizap%2032/index_files/Page369.htm|title=Cahora Bassa - jusante|website=zapper.xitizap.com|access-date=2019-05-27}}</ref> Revuboe wuxuu ku shubaa dhanka bidix ee Webiga Zambezi meel u dhow magaalada [[Tete, Mozambique|Tete]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gG2MDwAAQBAJ&q=Revuboe+River&pg=PA90|title=Mines, Communities, and States: The Local Politics of Natural Resource Extraction in Africa|last=Steinberg|first=Jessica|date=2019-04-11|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781108476935|language=en}}</ref> === Dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale === Revúboé wuxuu maraa meel u dhow qaar ka mid ah kaydka ugu waaweyn ee dhuxusha iyo kookaha ee Mozambique; sidaas darteed, dhowr mashruuc oo waaweyn oo macdanta ah ayaa biyo ka soo saara wabiga si ay ugu isticmaalaan hawlaha macdanta.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Mining, Resettlement and Lost Livelihoods: Listening to the Voices of Resettled Communities in Mualadzi, Mozambique | url=https://www.im4dc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Mozambique-FR-1psum-appr.pdf | archive-date=2016-06-03 | access-date=2026-07-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603113152/http://im4dc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Mozambique-FR-1psum-appr.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> Dhowr warshadood oo koronto-dhaliyaha biyaha (hydroelectric) ayaa ku yaal wabiga dhexdiisa. Revuboe waxaa loo tixgeliyey goob loogu talagalay warshado kale oo koronto-dhaliyaha biyaha ah.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Serafim |first=Tiago |title=Evaluation of potential sites for the construction of hydropower plants in the Revuboe River |url=https://www.academia.edu/30545519}}</ref> Biyaha iyo nafaqooyinka wabiga ee ka yimaada waqooyiga dalka ayaa kiciya beeraha inta uu wabigu marayo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.guernicamag.com/mozambiques-mining-boomtown/|title=Mozambique's Mining Boomtown|last=Gerety|first=Rowan Moore|date=2013-05-15|website=Guernica|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-27}}</ref> Dhulkii u dhow afka wabiga ayaa ahaan jiray beerro bacrin ah, laakiin raritaankii ay dawladdu garwadeenka ka ahayd ee beeralayda (oo loo sameeyay si loo nadiifiyo dhulka mashaariicda macdanta) sanadihii 2010-kii ayaa keentay hoos u dhac ku yimaada dhaqdhaqaaqa beeraha.<ref name=":0" /> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} tqnenilhnko4r19iebjz6rwv9nijtro 0 48923 302051 301687 2026-07-13T02:46:36Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Makhaleng | image = Qoaling.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Biyo-dhaca Qoaling ee Webiga Makhaleng | map = Rivers of Lesoto OSM.png | map_size = | map_caption = Webiga Makhaleng oo ku yaal dhulka dalka Lesotho (dhexda bidix hoose) | source1_location = [[Buuraha Maloti]] | mouth_location = [[Webiga Orange]] | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Lesotho]], [[Koonfur Afrika]] | length = {{convert|190|km|mi|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|2230|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1390|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="map">Map of Lesotho (physical) 1:250.000</ref> | discharge1_avg = {{convert|1.93|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | basin_size = {{convert|8508|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} }} '''Webiga Makhaleng''' waa wabi ku yaal galbeedka [[Lesotho]].<ref>Fitzpatrick, M., Blond, B., Pitcher, G., Richmond, S., and Warren, M. (2004) ''South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland.'' Footscray, VIC: Lonely Planet.</ref> Wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa [[Buuraha Maloti|Buuraha Maluti]], wuxuuna u qulqulaa jiho koonfur-galbeed isagoo ku shubma [[Webiga Orange]] xadka uu la wadaago [[Free State (gobol)|Free State]] ee dalka Koonfur Afrika. == Socodka == Wabigu wuxuu ka bilaabmaa waqooyi-galbeed ee Machache oo dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|2886|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} ee [[Buuraha Maloti|Buuraha Maluti]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed isagoo maraya [[Lesotho Highlands]] wuxuuna dhaafaa magaalooyinka iyo tuulooyinka [[Molimo-Nthuse]], [[Makhaleng]], [[Ramabanta]] iyo [[Qaba]], isagoo ku shubma [[Webiga Orange]] xadka caalamiga ah ee u dhow [[Free State (gobol)|Free State]] agagaarka ''Buundada Makhaleng''.<ref name=Atlas>{{cite book |title=Atlas of the World |last=Philip's |year=1994 |publisher=Reed International |isbn=0-540-05831-9 |pages=86–87 }}</ref> Marka uu joogo dherer dhan {{convert|1400|m|ft|0}}, afka Webiga Makhaleng waa barta ugu hooseysa ee Lesotho, waana [[Liiska barta ugu hooseysa ee wadan walba|barta ugu hooseysa ee ugu sarraysa ee wadan kasta]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book| title=Southern Africa| author=Alan Murphy| publisher=Lonely Planet| year=2007| isbn=978-1-74059-745-6| pages=140}}</ref> Dooxada wabigu waxay ka mid tahay waddooyinka loo maro dhowr meelood oo buuro ah, gaar ahaan [[God Help Me Pass]] iyo [[Gates of Paradise Pass]]. ''Biyo-dhaca Qiloane'' waa goob dalxiis oo ku taal qeybta sare ee wabiga. Waxay dhererkoodu gaarayaa {{convert|30|m|ft|-2|abbr=on}} laakiin waxay aad ugu caan yihiin ballacooda, maadaama biyuhu ay ku qulqulaan dhagaxyada iyagoo u eg "daah aroos".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mareegta Dalxiiska ee Lesotho |url=http://www.golesotho.co.za/Other%20Pages/Qiloane%20falls.html |access-date=2026-07-11 |archive-date=2015-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222134935/http://www.golesotho.co.za/Other%20Pages/Qiloane%20falls.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dalka Lesotho wabigan qaybihiisa sare ma laha bannaanka fatahaadda. Qulqulkiisu waa mid degdeg ah, wabiguna wuxuu kor u kacaa si dhakhso ah ka dib roobab culus oo ka da'a buuraha iyo inta lagu jiro xilliga gu'ga marka barafku dhalaalo. Aagga uu ka soo ururiyo biyuhu waa qiyaastii {{convert|300000|hectare}} iyo qulqulka celceliska waa qiyaastii {{convert|15|m3}} ilbiriqsi kasta. Ma jiraan biyo-xireenno waaweyn oo ku yaal wabiga, laakiin waxaa jira dhowr kuwa yaryar iyo kuwa dhexdhexaad ah oo loo dhisay ilaalinta ciidda iyo ururinta biyaha. Kuwaas ayaa u nugul inay dhooboobaan qaar ka mid ahna way baaba'een.<ref name=Bossche>{{cite book|author1=J.-P. vanden Bossche|author2=G. M. Bernacsek|title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_WLZRxM9vfXoC |year=1990 |publisher=Food & Agriculture Org. |isbn=978-92-5-102983-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_WLZRxM9vfXoC/page/n104 93]}}</ref> == Wabi-laamaha == Makhaleng wuxuu leeyahay saddex wabi-laamood oo waaweyn: Makhalaneng, Qhoqhoane iyo Khibiting. Dhammaantood waxay ku shubmaan dhanka midig ee wabiga iyagoo biyaha ka soo saaraya Buuraha Maluti.<ref name=Atlas/> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{coord|30.3253|S|27.3764|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} 69p1ftletp3nuqks3jyxfwixww2o6s2 0 48924 302073 301688 2026-07-13T02:53:40Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Senqunyane | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Mohaledam.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = [[Mohale Dam]] oo xiraya Webiga Senqunyane | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Lesotho#South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu afka Webiga Senqunyane ku yaal <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Lesotho]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Buuraha Maluti]] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|2850|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Webiga Senqu]] (Webiga Orange) | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|30|1|59|S|28|10|26|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1515|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = Webiga Bokong, Webiga Jordane, Webiga Likalaneng | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Senqunyane''' waa wabi ku yaal bartamaha [[Lesotho]]. Wabigu wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa [[Buuraha Maluti]] ee waqooyi-galbeed ee Lesotho, wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur ka dibna galbeed dherer dhan 120 kiiloomitir ka hor inta uusan ku biirin [[Webiga Senqu]] (Webiga Orange) ee koonfur-galbeed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eosnap.com/tag/senqu-river/ |title=The Orange River, Delineating the Border between South Africa and Namibia |access-date=2012-03-22 |archive-date=2013-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005004520/http://www.eosnap.com/tag/senqu-river/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Fitzpatrick, M., Blond, B., Pitcher, G., Richmond, S., and Warren, M. (2004) ''South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland.'' Footscray, VIC: Lonely Planet</ref> Isha Webiga Senqunyane waa meesha ay ku kulmaan saddex degmo: [[Degmada Thaba-Tseka]], [[Degmada Berea]] iyo [[Degmada Leribe]]. Waxay samaysaa xuduudda u dhaxaysa Degmada Thaba-Tseka iyo marka hore Berea ka dibna [[Degmada Maseru]], iyo sidoo kale qayb yar oo ka mid ah Degmada Mafeteng oo ka go'an inta kale ee degmadeeda kuna taal meel sare oo ka mid ah Buuraha Maluti, inta badan dhererkeeda. Wabi-laamaha waxaa ka mid ah Webiga Bokong,<ref name="vanvuuren_2007">{{cite journal|last1=van Vuuren|first1=Sanet Janse|last2=Walt|first2=Nicolene van der|last3=Swanepoel|first3=Annelie|title=Changes in algal composition and environmental variables in the high-altitude Mohale Dam — an important water supply reservoir to South Africa|journal=African Journal of Aquatic Science|date=2007|volume=32|issue=3|pages=265–274|doi=10.2989/ajas.2007.32.3.6.305|s2cid=85354207|language=en}}</ref> iyo sidoo kale Webiga Jordane iyo Webiga Likalaneng, kuwaas oo ku biira Senqunyane in yar ka hor [[Mohale Dam]].<ref name=consortium_1986>{{cite book|last1= Consortium |first1=Lahmeyer McDonald |last2= Consortium |first2=Olivier Shand |title=Lesotho Highlands Water Project: H14-19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cP9BAQAAIAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Kingdom of Lesotho, Ministry of Water, Energy and Mining}}{{rp|33}}</ref> [[Mohale Dam]], oo la furay 2003, waa qayb ka mid ah [[Mashruuca Biyaha ee Lesotho Highlands]], iyadoo biyaha u weecinaysa [[Katse Dam]] ka dibna gobolka [[Gauteng]] ee dalka Koonfur Afrika, oo ay ku jiraan magaalooyinka [[Johannesburg]] iyo [[Pretoria]]. Wabigu wuxuu hoy u yahay kalluunka naadirka ah ee "Rock-catfish" ("Austroglanis sclateri").<ref name="niehaus_1996">{{cite journal|last1=BH|first1=Niehaus|title=An ecological investigation of the aquatic vertebrates below the proposed Mohale Dam wall in the Senqunyane River, Lesotho, with emphasis on the rock catfish (Austroglanis sclateri), Masters thesis|url=http://nrfnexus.nrf.ac.za/handle/20.500.11892/67833|access-date=4 March 2017|language=English|date=1996|archive-date=5 Bisha Saddexaad 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305120537/http://nrfnexus.nrf.ac.za/handle/20.500.11892/67833|url-status=dead}}</ref> Biyo-dhaca Semonkong wuxuu u dhaqmaa sidii xannibaad socdaal oo kala saara bulshooyinka kalluunka ee kala duwan.<ref name="niehaus_1996"/> Dooxada Senqunyane waa goob ay ku yaallaan tiro ka mid ah goobaha qadiimiga ah iyo farshaxanka dhagaxa.<ref name="bousman_1988">{{cite journal|last1=Bousman|first1=Britt|title=Prehistoric Settlement Patterns in the Senqunyane Valley, Lesotho|journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin|date=1988|volume=43|issue=147|pages=33–37|doi=10.2307/3887611|jstor=3887611}}</ref> Dooxada waxaa markii ugu horreysay la degay xilligii [[Dhagaxii Dhexe]].<ref name=bousman_1988/> Dooxada ciidda leh ee leh jiinka dhaadheer ayaa dhibaato ku ah helitaanka. Buundada caanka ah ee la dhisay 2011 ayaa ka gudubta wabiga meel u dhow meesha uu kaga biirayo [[Webiga Orange]].<ref name="saice_1977">{{cite journal|last1=Boshoff|first1=Jody|title=Five new bridges to increase access to southeastern Lesotho : market contribution|journal=Civil Engineering = Siviele Ingenieurswese|date=1 February 1977|volume=19|issue=2|url=https://journals.co.za/content/civeng/19/2/EJC26522|language=en|issn=1021-2000}}</ref><ref name="africon">{{cite book|last1=Africon Environment and Sustainability|title=Senqu and Senqunyane River Bridges and Connecting Road: Environmental Impact Assessment Report|url=http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US2012412512|website=AGRIS: International Information System for the Agricultural Science and Technology|access-date=4 March 2017|language=English|date=2006|isbn=9789589774649|publisher=The World Bank}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Mohale Dam]] — ''oo ku taal Webiga Senqunyane''. *[[Mashruuca Biyaha ee Lesotho Highlands]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} aqd77hwf7ofabij324gz5l3a1o3mq09 0 48929 302029 301693 2026-07-13T02:38:38Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Besokatra''' | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = File:Rijeke-Masiva-Ambre.png | image_size = | image_caption = Nidaamka wabiga [[Ambohitra Massif]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Gobolka Diana|Diana]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalo | subdivision_name5 = [[Mahavanona]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 61.8 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Mahavanona]] 1980-1983 | discharge1_min = {{convert|0.143|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{convert|1.5|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} 1980-1983 | discharge1_max = {{convert|4.73|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = meel u dhow [[Joffreville]], [[Gobolka Diana|Diana]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|1332|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|12|23|00|S|49|26|33|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size_km2 = 113.4 | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = *[http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers12-07/010013840.pdf Bauduin & Servat, ''Etude d'Hydrologie à usage Agricole'' - ORSTOM pp.1-829] - bogga 12–14 }} [[File:Mahavanona (Diana)-riviere Besokatra.jpg|thumb|left|Webiga Besokatra oo laga arkay buundada RN6 (meel u dhow [[Mahavanona]] (Diana))]] '''Webiga Besokatra''' wuxuu ku yaal waqooyiga [[Madagascar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Rivers and streams on Madagascar - MADADOC|url=http://madadoc.irenala.edu.mg/v02045_RIV.pdf|publisher=madadoc.irenala.edu.mg|accessdate=6 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212013841/http://madadoc.irenala.edu.mg/v02045_RIV.pdf}}</ref> Isha uu ka yimaado waxay ku taallaa meel u dhow [[Joffreville]] ee [[Amber Mountain National Park]], gudaha [[Ambohitra Massif]], wuxuu ka gudbaa [[Route nationale 6 (Madagascar)|Route nationale 6]] meel u dhow [[Mahavanona]] wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. Biyo-soo-saarka [[Antsiranana|Diego Suarez]] waxay gebi ahaanba ku tiirsan yihiin biyaha ka yimaada dooxada webiga Besokatra.<ref>[https://www.lexpress.mg/2024/06/antsiranana-quand-les-eleves-menent.html ANTSIRANANA - Quand les élèves mènent l’enquête sur l’eau]</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 0anasfloxszaa7r0p7rskfd7olhyy1s 0 48939 302047 301707 2026-07-13T02:44:43Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Lokoho''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Lokoho 01.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Lokoho | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Gobolka Sava|Sava]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalooyin | subdivision_name5 = [[Farahalana]], [[Marojala]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 150 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = (Muddada: 1971–2000){{cvt|86.1|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar|access-date=2024-02-20}}</ref> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|2,100|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Farahalana]], [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|14|25|00|S|50|10|43|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = Webiga Lokoho | basin_size_km2 = 2,237 | basin_size_ref = <ref name="Madagascar"/> | tributaries_left = Ankaibe | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Lokoho''' wuxuu ku yaal waqooyiga [[Madagascar]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa xeebta waqooyi-bari, isagoo ku shubma [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. Wuxuu ka soo saaraa biyaha kala bar koonfureed ee [[Marojejy National Park|Marojejy Massif]]. Afkiisu wuxuu ku yaallaa 25&nbsp;km koonfurta [[Sambava]], meel u dhow [[Farahalana]]. Waxaa jiray qorshayaal lagu dhisayo [[saldhigyada korontada biyaha]] oo ay waday [[Jirama]] sanadihii 1970-meeyadii, laakiin waligood lama dhamaystirin. Sannadkii 2002-dii, mashruuc kale oo loogu talagalay warshad leh awood dhan 6&nbsp;kW oo ay waday [[Jirama]] iyadoo la kaashanaysa shirkadda Faransiiska [[Électricité de France|EDF]], shirkadda Jarmalka [[RWE]], [[GTZ]] iyo shirkadda Kanada [[Hydro-Québec]], ayaa la bilaabay. Mashruucaas wuxuu istaagay 2009-kii<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edm.mg/index.php/fr/etude-lokoho.html|title=EDM électricité de Madagascar|website=www.edm.mg|access-date=2013-05-14|archive-date=2013-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529104923/http://www.edm.mg/index.php/fr/etude-lokoho.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> sababo la xiriira [[2009 Malagasy political crisis|dhibaatada siyaasadeed ee Madagascar]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuiJXgtZJvM Muuqaalka Youtube-ka ee ''Webiga Lokoho''] trg8e3g0e1e73p1vul9j3vgr2xme8zq 0 48943 302050 301713 2026-07-13T02:46:35Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Mahavavy (waqooyi)''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Sjeverni-Mahavavi.png | image_size = | image_caption = Nidaamka webiga Mahavavy (waqooyi) | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Gobolka Diana|Diana]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalooyin | subdivision_name5 = [[Manambato]], [[Ambilobe]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 165 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = (Muddada: 1971–2000){{cvt|119.9|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = meesha uu ku yaal cirifka [[Maromokotra (mountain)|Maromokotra]] | source1_location = [[Tsaratanana Massif]], [[Gobolka Diana|Diana]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|2,300|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Antsohimbondrona]], [[Gobolka Diana|Diana]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|13|01|54|S|48|51|38|E|region:MG|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size_km2 = 3,300 | basin_size_ref = ilaa {{cvt|3,387.1|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar"/> | tributaries_left = Antsiatsia, Ambohipato | tributaries_right = Andranopato, Ankombe, Antsiatsia | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Le pont Mahavavy-Ambilobe 03.jpg|left|thumb|Buundada Mahavavy ee meel u dhow [[Ambilobe]]]] '''Mahavavy''' ama '''Webiga Mahavavy-Nord''' waa wabi ku yaal waqooyiga [[Madagascar]] ee gobolka [[Gobolka Diana|Diana]]. Wuxuu isha ka yimaadaa cirifka [[Maromokotra (mountain)|Maromokotra]] ee [[Tsaratanana Massif]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa waqooyi ilaa [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. Magaalada ugu weyn ee wabigan ku taal waa [[Ambilobe]] oo ku taal [[Route nationale 6 (Madagascar)|Wadada Qaranka 6]]. Buundada wadadan ayaa duntay ka dib markii uu maray duufaantii [[2023–24_South-West_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_season#Tropical_Cyclone_Gamane|Gamane]] bishii Maarso 2024. Bishii Maajo, mas'uuliyiinta deegaanka ayaa qabtay 2 ''jôro'' (caadooyin dhaqameed) iyagoo rajaynaya in taasi ay hagaajin doonto<ref>[https://www.moov.mg/article/84751-diana-des-rituels-autour-de-la-reparation-du-pont-de-mahavavy Diana: Rites autour de la réparation du pont de Mahavavy]</ref> laakiin bishii Juun ee isla sanadkaas wadada weli way xirnayd. Wuxuu maraa bannaano barwaaqo ah, biyuhana waxaa loo isticmaalaa waraabka 5500 hektar, inta badan beeraha [[suufka]]. Delta-giisu wuxuu daboolayaa 500&nbsp;km{{sup|2}}.<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.agriculture.gov.mg/pdf/Monographie2003_Diana.pdf Monographie de la Région Diana] {{Wayback|url=http://www.agriculture.gov.mg/pdf/Monographie2003_Diana.pdf |date=20131105062815 }}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} n39qdicjk7wx1dfxionsdu0mw1271h1 0 48945 302052 301715 2026-07-13T02:46:40Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302052 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Wixii ku saabsan degmada miyiga, eeg [[Manambolo (kala soocid)]]'' {{Infobox river | name = '''Manambolo''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Rijeka-Manambolo.png | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda wabiyaasha Madagascar (Manampatrana wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Badweynta Hindiya]]). | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Melaky]], [[Bongolava]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = 370 km | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_location = [[Soahazo]], | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|19|15|10|S|44|20|00|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = [[Webiga Itondy|Itondy]] | tributaries_right = [[Bepoaka]], [[Bebao]], [[Andranobe]], [[Manambolomaty]], | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }}{{Short description|Wabi ku yaal Madagascar}} [[File:Tsingy - 016.jpg|thumb|left|Webiga Manambolo]] '''Webiga Manambolo''' waa [[wabi]] ku yaal buuraleyda galbeedka [[Madagascar]] oo dhererkiisu yahay 370 km. Wuxuu maraa [[Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve]] iyo [[Maningoza Reserve]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Maningoza Special Reserve|url=http://www.madagaskar.com/parks-and-reserves/maningoza-special-reserve.html|website=Madagaskar.com|accessdate=26 October 2016|archive-date=2 Bisha Todobaad 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702223624/http://www.madagaskar.com/parks-and-reserves/maningoza-special-reserve.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Carte bassin Manambolo.svg|thumb|left|Dooxada webiga Manambolo]] Wadada aan laami-saarnayn ee [[Route nationale 8 (Madagascar)]] ayaa wabigan kaga gudubta doon. Wabigan wuxuu maraa [[Tsiroanomandidy]], [[Bekopaka]], [[Ambakaka]], [[Ankaramena]], [[Ankavandra]] iyo [[Soaloka]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} e13xlyxd9loj3hjm7x7g8hozrff7yn5 0 48952 302053 301722 2026-07-13T02:46:43Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302053 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mangoky delta.jpg|thumb|300px|Webiga Mangoky oo laga arkay hawada, Noofambar 1989 <br>(koonfurta ayaa xagga sare ku taal) ([http://www.nasa.gov NASA])]] '''Webiga Mangoky''' waa wabi dhererkiisu yahay 564-kilomitir (350 mi) oo ku yaal [[Madagascar]] ee gobollada [[Atsimo-Andrefana]] iyo [[Anosy]]. Waxa sameeya [[Mananantanana]] iyo [[Matsiatra]]. Wabi kale oo muhiim ah oo ku soo biira waa [[Webiga Zomandao|Zomandao]]. Wuxuu ka soo fulaa [[Central Highlands (Madagascar)|Central Highlands]] ee [[Madagascar]] bari ka xigta magaalada [[Fianarantsoa]]. Wabigu wuxuu guud ahaan u qulqulaa dhanka galbeed isagoo ka soo baxaya dhul-sareedka, wuxuu ka gudbaa kordhinta koonfureed ee [[Bemaraha Plateau]], wuxuu gaaraa bannaanka xeebta iyo delta-giisa, wuxuuna galaa [[Kanaalka Mozambique]] waqooyiga magaalada [[Morombe]] meel u dhow {{coord|21.316667|S|43.533333|E|display=inline,title}}. Inta badan Madagascar waxay la kulantay [[jarista dhirta]] oo daran intii lagu jiray 40-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay, taas oo inta badan ka dhalatay dhaqamada [[slash-and-burn]] ee dadka asaliga ah. Khasaarahan dhirtu wuxuu keenay [[nabaad-guurka ciidda]] oo xad-dhaaf ah oo ka dhaca wabiga Mangoky, sida ay caddaynayaan [[sandbar]]-yo badan oo ku dhex yaal marinka wabiga. [[Harada Ihotry]] oo ay ka buuxaan dhoobo iyo midab cagaaran-brown ah ayaa si cad looga arki karaa koonfurta wabiga. Inta u dhaxaysa harada iyo xeebta waxaa ku yaal aag weyn oo cad oo ciid ah oo ay ku dhex yaalliin balliyo dhoobo leh. Qaybta koonfureed ee delta-da waxaa ku badan jasiirado caqabad ah iyo samayska candhuufta. Taas beddelkeeda, qaybta waqooyi ee delta-da oo la ilaaliyo waxaa ku badan marinno mowjado ah iyo [[mangrove]] qoyan. [[File:Mangoky Basin OSM.png|thumb|Bassin-ka Mangoky]] == Buundada == Qorshaha buundada wabiga Mangoky ee [[Route nationale 9 (Madagascar)|RN 9]] wuxuu bilaabmay 2020. Waxay noqon doontaa buundada ugu dheer Madagascar oo dhererkeedu yahay 880 m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le plus long pont de Madagascar va voir le jour |url=https://laverite.mg/politique/item/12311-rn9-le-plus-long-pont-de-madagascar-va-voir-le-jour.html |website=La Vérité |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=11 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211071434/https://laverite.mg/politique/item/12311-rn9-le-plus-long-pont-de-madagascar-va-voir-le-jour.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Waxaa dhisi doonta shirkadda [[China Road and Bridge Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Travaux publics : Sept routes nationales et onze rues de Tanà à réhabiliter |url=https://midi-madagasikara.mg/travaux-publics-sept-routes-nationales-et-onze-rues-de-tana-a-rehabiliter/ |website=Midi Madagasikara |access-date=2 September 2024}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} r3m52zfcishivs3ynzp6rdjf1wiyojo 0 48958 302062 301732 2026-07-13T02:48:34Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Morondava''' | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = Morondava | map = Madagascar rivers.svg | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda wabiyaasha Madagascar. | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Menabe]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalooyin | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|200|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Makay Massif]] | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Hindiya]], at [[Morondava]] (magaalo) | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|22|20|00|S|44|15|00|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = [[Morondava]], [[Dabara dam]], [[Ambiky]] | waterfalls = | river_system = | basin_size = 6400 km2 | tributaries_left = [[Webiga Fanikay|Fanikay]], [[Webiga Sakamaly|Sakamaly]] | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Morondava''' waa wabi ku yaal gobolka [[Menabe]], oo ku yaal galbeedka [[Madagascar]]. Wuxuu ka soo bilaabmaa [[Makay Massif]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhanka waqooyi-galbeed isagoo ku shubma [[Badweynta Hindiya]]<ref>[http://www.hydrosciences.fr/sierem/Bibliotheque/biblio/monographies/Fleuves%20et%20rivières%20de%20Madagascar.pdf Fleuves & Rivières de Madagascar]</ref> meel u dhow [[Morondava|magaalo magaceeda loogu daray wabiga]]. == Biyo-xireennada == *[[Biyo-xireenka Dabara]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Le périmètre irrigué de Dabara : un potentiel économique mal exploité |url=http://www.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/articles_publiables-85-93.pdf |access-date=2026-07-11 |archive-date=2022-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618135034/http://www.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/articles_publiables-85-93.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} pzk300c3t53fvsb76k8vhs3lbfvlf4h 0 48959 302064 301733 2026-07-13T02:48:59Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Namorona''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Improvised Bridge, Madagascar1.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Biriij la sii hagaajiyay oo ka dul dhisan Webiga Namorona | map = Madagascar rivers.svg | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda wabiyaasha Madagascar (Namorona wuxuu ka soo qulqulaa qaybta dhexe ilaa xeebta bari). | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Vatovavy]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalooyin | subdivision_name5 = [[Namorona]], [[Ranomafana, Ifanadiana]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{cvt|103|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.environnement.mg/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/9.-Chapitre-5-Eaux-Douces_gire.pdf |title=Le Canal de Pangalane, E Madagascar |access-date=2023-11-29 |archive-date=2023-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129080829/https://www.environnement.mg/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/9.-Chapitre-5-Eaux-Douces_gire.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= Meel u dhow afka | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = (Muddada: 1971–2000){{cvt|59.6|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar">{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=159&catid=322&Itemid=179|title=Madagascar}}</ref> | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Hindiya]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|21|39|43|S|48|13|26|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = Webiga Namorona | basin_size = {{cvt|2,204.8|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="Madagascar"/> | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Namorona''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Vatovavy]], bariga [[Madagascar]]. Wuxuu ka soo qulqulaa buuraleyda dhexe, wuxuu maraa [[Beerta Qaranka ee Ranomafana]], wuxuuna sameeyaa [[Andriamamovoka Falls]], ka hor inta uusan ku shubin [[Badweynta Hindiya]]. Wuxuu ku shubmaa meel u dhow [[Namorona]] wuxuuna dhererkiisu yahay {{cvt|103|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.environnement.mg/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/9.-Chapitre-5-Eaux-Douces_gire.pdf |title=Le Canal de Pangalane, E Madagascar |access-date=2023-11-29 |archive-date=2023-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129080829/https://www.environnement.mg/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/9.-Chapitre-5-Eaux-Douces_gire.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Carte bassin Namorona.svg|thumb|left|Bassin-ka Namorona]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commonscatinline}} * [http://livingearth.canalblog.com/albums/paysages___landscapes/photos/30508337-paysage.html Sawirro ku saabsan Webiga Namorona] ov92oek06g03or5knlarfnqjzu2pz9x 0 48960 302065 301734 2026-07-13T02:49:43Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Nosivolo''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Rijeka mangoro.png | map_size = | map_caption = Webiga Nosivolo | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|130|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|1800|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Webiga Mangoro|Mangoro]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|19|55|41.552|S|48|30|6.566|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|700|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|3585|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Carte bassin Mangoro.svg|thumb|left|Webiga Nosivolo oo ku yaal bassin-ka Mangoro]] {{Designation list | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Rivière Nosivolo et affluents | designation1_date = 17 September 2010 | designation1_number = 1916<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rivière Nosivolo et affluents|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1916|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref> }} '''Webiga Nosivolo''' waa wabi ku yaal bariga [[Madagascar]] waana wabi hoosaad ugu weyn ee [[Webiga Mangoro|Mangoro]]. Wuxuu ka bilaabmaa bariga [[Fandriana]].<ref>{{Cite web | title = MADAGASCAR: New Livelihoods to Protect A River's Life | work = Global Issues, Inter Press Service| accessdate = 2013-03-05| date = 2010-11-25| url = http://www.globalissues.org/news/2010/11/25/7760}}</ref><ref name="mission">Campbell, Gwynn. [https://books.google.com/books?id=7pDNL4apVpgC&pg=PA488 David Griffiths and the Missionary "History of Madagascar"], p. 488–89 ([[Brill Publishers|Brill]] 2012) (citing Aldegheri, Marius. ''The Rivers and Streams on Madagascar'', in Battistini, Rene & G. Richard-Vindard (ed.), ''Biogeography and Ecology in Madagascar'' (1972))</ref> Tuulada [[Marolambo]], oo ah caasimadda degmada Marolambo ee gobolka [[Atsinanana]], ayaa ku taal wabiga agtiisa isgoyska uu la leeyahay Webiga Sandranamby. Waa wabi muhiim u ah Madagascar sababtoo ah noocyada kala duwan ee noolaha (oo ay ku jiraan [[cichlid]]s ''[[Katria katria]]'' iyo ''[[Oxylapia polli]]'', iyo [[Malagasy rainbowfish]]), taas oo dhiirigelisay dadaallada lagu ilaalinayo. Waxaa loo magacaabay webigii ugu horreeyay ee [[Ramsar site]] dalka sanadkii 2010.<ref name="bio">(20 September 2010). [http://www.conservation.org/newsroom/pressreleases/Pages/Nosivolo-Madagascar-First-River-Ramsar-Site.aspx Nosivolo is designated as Madagascar's first riverine Ramsar site], ''Conservation.org''</ref><ref name="monga">(20 September 2010). [http://news.mongabay.com/2010/0920-ci_nosivolo.html Crystal-clear river becomes first in Madagascar to wins Ramsar protected status], WildMadagascar.org</ref><ref name="ramsreport">[http://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1MG007_RIS_FR.pdf Fiche technique du site Ramsar - ‘Rivière Nosivolo et affluents’ Madagascar]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (2010)(detailed Ramsar report on river)</ref> Wabiyaasha hoose ee Nosivolo waa Webiga Sandranamby (oo ku biira meel u dhow Marolambo), Sahadinta, Manandriana, iyo Sahanao.<ref name="ramsreport"/> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} fny78aha0zb15dbp9owaqzjc23h0wb7 0 48963 302067 301738 2026-07-13T02:53:01Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = '''Webiga Ramena''' | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Rijeka Sumbiruno.png | image_size = | image_caption = Nidaamka wabiga [[Tsaratanana Massif]] | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Madagascar]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Diana Region|Diana]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length_km = 86.2 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = meesha ugu sarreysa ee [[Maromokotra (mountain)|Maromokotra]] | source1_location = [[Tsaratanana Massif]], [[Diana Region|Diana]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|2500|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Ambodimanga, Ambanja|Ambodimanga]], [[Webiga Sambirano|Sambirano]] | mouth_location = [[Diana Region|Diana]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|13|44|S|48|37|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|27|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size_km2 = 1080 | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Ramena''' waa wabi ku yaal waqooyi-galbeedka [[Madagascar]] ee gobolka [[Diana Region|Diana]]. Isha uu ka bilaabmo waa [[Maromokotra]] waana wabi hoosaadka ugu weyn ee [[Webiga Sambirano|Sambirano]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.agriculture.gov.mg/pdf/Monographie2003_Diana.pdf |title=(page 13) |access-date=2020-01-06 |archive-date=2013-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105062815/http://www.agriculture.gov.mg/pdf/Monographie2003_Diana.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Afka wabigu wuxuu ku yaallaa [[Ambodimanga Ramena]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} bpwrofxn65mtm1mueq27vs3aspksypo 0 48995 302083 301876 2026-07-13T02:56:44Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Zarima | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Ethiopia | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = Afka Webiga Zarima | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = Webiga Tekezé | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|13|51|35|N|37|46|10|E}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = [[Webiga Tekezé|Tekezé]]→[[Webiga Atbarah|Atbarah]]→[[Webiga Niil|Niil]]→[[Badda Miditerranée]] | river_system = Webiga Tekezé | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Zarima''' waa wabi ku yaal Itoobiya iyo wabi hoosaad ka mid ah [[Webiga Tekezé|Tekezé]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kassahun |first1=Meaza |last2=Ture |first2=Kassahun |last3=Nedaw |first3=Dessie |date=2023-12-12 |title=Evaluation of CORDEX Africa regional climate models performance in simulating climatology of Zarima sub-basin northwestern Ethiopia |journal=Environmental Systems Research |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=41 |doi=10.1186/s40068-023-00325-4 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023EnvSR..12...41K |issn=2193-2697}}</ref> Mashruuca Waraabka ee Wolkayite wuxuu ku salaysan yahay wabi hoosaad ka mid ah Webiga Zarima oo loo yaqaan Webiga Dukoko.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ictonline.com/water-ethiopia5.html |title=Ethiopia- Feasibility Study and Detailed Designs of Wolkayite Irrigation Project |website=ictonline.com |access-date=21 August 2020 |archive-date=13 Bisha Todobaad 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713002105/http://www.ictonline.com/water-ethiopia5.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Coord|13|51|9|N|37|45|52|E|display=title}} 4bklsdrxg9uvq57ugsxk1rfxholuler 0 49040 302034 301935 2026-07-13T02:39:15Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Didessa | river_system = [[Webiga Niil|Bassin-ka Niil]] | progression = [[Webiga Niilka Buluugga ah|Niilka Buluugga ah]] → [[Webiga Niil|Niil]] → [[Badda Miditerranée]] | basin_size = {{cvt|25800|km2}} | country = [[Itoobiya]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|9.942087|N|35.684299|E|display=title, inline}} | mouth = [[Webiga Niilka Buluugga ah|Niilka Buluugga ah]] | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|632|m}} | tributaries_right = [[Webiga Hanger|Hanger]] | tributaries_left = Webiga Dabena | map = Abbay OSM.png | map_caption = Khariidada muujinaysa bassin-ka Abbay (Niilka Buluugga ah), iyadoo uu ku jiro Webiga Didessa (Dhexe hoose) }} '''Didessa''' (loogu dhawaaqo: ɗeɗ:e:s:a; {{langx|om|Dhedheessa}}) waa wabi ku yaal galbeedka [[Itoobiya]]. Waa wabi laamood oo ka mid ah [[Webiga Abay|Abay]], wuxuu ka soo kacayaa buuraleyda [[Gomma (degmo)|Gomma]], isagoo u qulqula dhanka waqooyi-galbeed ilaa uu ka gaaro isku-darka halkaas oo marin-biyoodka [[Webiga Abay|Abay]] uu qaloocdo ilaa barta uu ugu koonfur fog yahay ka hor inta uusan u qulqulin dhanka waqooyi. Aagga qulqulka ee Didessa waa qiyaastii {{cvt|25,800|km2}},<ref>[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/05/09/000334955_20080509032052/Rendered/PDF/434000PAD0P09617372B01off0use0only1.pdf "Tana & Beles Integrated Water Resources Development: Project Appraisal Document (PAD), Vol.1"], World Bank, 2 May 2008 (accessed 5 May 2009)</ref> isagoo daboolaya qaybo ka mid ah [[Gobolka Benishangul-Gumuz]] iyo [[Zone-ka Galbeedka Welega]] ee [[Gobolka Oromiya]]. Wabiyaasha laamood ee dhinaca midig waxaa ka mid ah [[Webiga Enareya|Enareya]], [[Webiga Aet|Aet]], Wama, iyo [[Webiga Angar|Angar]]; dhinaca bidix, wabi laamoodka ugu muhiimsan waa [[Webiga Dobana|Dobana]]. Isagoo sahaminaya wabigan bartamihii 1890-meeyadii iyo ka dib wareysiyo uu la yeeshay dadka deegaanka, [[Alexander Bulatovich]] wuxuu xaqiijiyey in dhanka hoose ee isku-darkiisa iyo Angar, Didessa uu yahay mid aan lahayn meelo qulqul xooggan leh (rapid-free) oo laga yaabo in lagu [[navigable|socon karo maraakiib]].<ref>[http://www.samizdat.com/entotto.html ''From Entotto to the River Baro''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.samizdat.com/entotto.html |date=20171216204959 }} (1897), translated by Richard Selzer, ''Ethiopia through Russian Eyes: Country in Transition, 1896-1898'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 2000) {{ISBN|1-56902-117-1}} (accessed 2 November 2009)</ref> == Taariikhda bini'aadamka == Sahamiyihii qarnigii 20-aad ee bilowgiisii [[Herbert Weld Blundell]] wuxuu aaminsanaa in "Didessa" ay u muuqato mid beddeshay magac aad uga da' weyn wabigan, isagoo aan helin wax adeegsi hore ah oo loo isticmaalay "ka hor 1861, markii [[Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie|d'Abbadie]] uu ku safrayay Galbeedka Shoa uuna sameeyay baaritaanno."<ref>H. Weld Blundell, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1776289 "Exploration in the Abai Basin, Abyssinia", ''Geographical Journal''], 27 (1906), p. 541</ref> Waqtigii uu booqday, sanadkii 1905, kaynta Handak ee dhinaca midig ee Didessa waxay ahayd "mid caan ku ah inay tahay meel ay jecel yihiin maroodiyaashu. Waxay u muuqdaan inay u kaceen dhanka Niil iyagoo raacaya webiyada Didesa iyo [[Webiga Dabus|Dabus]], iyadoo shaki la'aan ay ku soo jiiteen sariirta wabiga dambe koritaanka hodanka ah ee bamboo-da da'da yar."<ref>Weld Blundell, "Exploration in the Abai", pp. 541f</ref> Wuxuu kaloo xusay in isku-darka Didessa iyo Abay, "shaqada dhabta ah ee [[Gold panning|dhaqidda dahabka]] ay billaabato, oo ay ka sii socoto hareeraha Niil iyo hoos marin-biyoodka Dabus iyo wabiyaasha laamoodka ah," isagoo raaciyay in: <blockquote>Nabaad-guurka qoto dheer ee lakabyada sare ee basalt iyo dabinka, iyo burburka ka dhasha, wuxuu kashifaa qaab-dhismeedyada gneissic iyo hornblendic schist ee hoose, si ku dhowaad dhammaan dalka ka soo bilaabma cagta Chochi ilaa wabiga, oo ah masaafo dhan 15 mayl, uu u daboolan yahay quruurux quartz iyo dhagaxyo waaweyn, wuxuuna muujiyaa meelo badan oo ka soo baxa dusha sare. Qaybaha burburay ee reef-yada ayaa ku firirsan dhulka, dahabka ay ku jiraanna waxaa loo dhaqaa durdurrada yaryar, ka dibna waxaa loo qaadaa Abay.</blockquote><ref>Weld Blundell, "Exploration in the Abai", p. 544</ref> In kasta oo ay dadaal u galeen sahamiyayaashan, iyo joogitaanka bini'aadamka ee aagga ilaa qiyaastii bilowgii noocyada, marin-biyoodka Didessa oo ka bilaabma barta u dhow [[Nekemte]] ilaa isku-darkiisa Abay ayaa sida muuqata la raad-raacay oo kaliya sanadkii 1935 by Dunlop iyo Taylor. Waxaa u sheegay ''[[Dejazmach]]'' [[Habte Maryam]], oo ahaa sarkaal maxalli ah oo ku sugan Nekemte, "in cidina, xitaa [[Shanqella|Shankallas-ka]] maxalliga ah, inta uu ogaa, aanay waligood raacin marin-biyoodka wabiga ilaa isku-darkiisa iyo Abbai." <blockquote>Xaqiiqdi, waqtiyo gaar ah oo sanadka ka mid ah [ayuu sii waday Dejazmach], tiro yar oo Shankallas ah ayaa ka shaqeynayay qaar ka mid ah beeraha cudbiga, kuwaas oo uu hadda beeray 15 mayl waqooyi ka xiga buundada Dadessa; laakiin xitaa maylalkan yar waxay ahaayeen, inaan isticmaalo ereyadiisa, "dal ku habboon oo kaliya daayeerrada." Wuxuu xoojiyay dhibaatooyinka aan la kulmi doonno: waddooyin ma jiro, kaymo cufan oo bamboo ah, qandho, iyo, isagoo gacan-qaad kor u kacaya oo muujinaya gacantiisa, jiirada buuraha xuduudka la leh wabiga. Wuxuu soo jeediyay in, haddii aan aad u rabno inaan aragno isku-darka Abbai iyo Dadessa, waxaa lagula talinayaa inaan raacno dariiqa ka yimaada Nekemti ilaa [[Nejo]], ka dibna aan raacno dariiq la yaqaan ilaa isku-darka.</blockquote><ref>A. Dunlop, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1787909 "The Dadessa Valley"], ''Geographical Journal'', 89 (1937), p. 513</ref> == Biyo-xireenka Waraabka ee Anger == 14 Juun 2021, dhismaha Biyo-xireenka Waraabka ee Anger ee Webiga Didessa ayaa waxaa bilaabay Madaxweynaha gobolka Oromiya, [[Shimelis Abdisa]], iyo Wasiirka Biyaha, Waraabka iyo Tamarta, Sileshi Bekele, kaas oo lagu dhammayn doono saddex sano gudahood.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ena.et/en/?p=25424|title=Construction of 10 Bil Birr Worth Irrigation Dam Launched in Oromia|website=ENA|date=14 June 2021}}</ref> == Qoraallo == {{reflist}} 1hwzddu0jts90qi1v0awu5hmo2fl2mk 0 49045 302063 301940 2026-07-13T02:48:51Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Mugar | map = Abbay OSM.png | map_caption = Khariidada muujinaysa bassin-ka Abbay (Niilka Buluugga ah), iyadoo uu ku jiro Webiga Mugar (midigta hoose) | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|9.918069|N|37.930343|E|display=title, inline}} | other_name = Muger, Mujer | country = [[Itoobiya]] | mouth = [[Webiga Niilka Buluugga ah|Niilka Buluugga ah]] | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|979|m}} | progression = [[Webiga Niilka Buluugga ah|Niilka Buluugga ah]] → [[Webiga Niil|Niil]] → [[Badda Miditerranée]] | river_system = [[Webiga Niil|Bassin-ka Niil]] | basin_size = {{cvt|8188|km2}} }} '''Webiga Mugar''' (ama '''Mujer''')<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ullendorff |first1=Edward |title=The Glorious Victories of 'Amda Ṣeyon, King of Ethiopia |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=607 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/611476}}</ref> waa wabi u qulqula dhanka waqooyi oo ah wabi laamood oo ka mid ah [[Webiga Abay|Abay]] ee bartamaha [[Itoobiya]], kaas oo caan ku ah dooxadiisa qoto dheer. Wabiyaasha laamood ee Muger waxaa ka mid ah Labbu. Muger wuxuu leeyahay aag qulqulaya oo qiyaastii dhan 8,188 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran.<ref>[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/05/09/000334955_20080509032052/Rendered/PDF/434000PAD0P09617372B01off0use0only1.pdf "Tana & Beles Integrated Water Resources Development: Project Appraisal Document (PAD), Vol.1"], World Bank, 2 May 2008 (accessed 5 May 2009)</ref> Waxaa xuduud la lahaa gobolka taariikhiga ah ee [[Endagabatan]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Endagabatan |publisher=Encyclopedia Aethiopica |url=https://en.sewasew.com/p/e-nda-ga-bta-n-(%E1%8A%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B0-%E1%8C%88%E1%89%A5%E1%8C%A0%E1%8A%95)}}</ref> Mugar waa muhiim maadaama uu yahay calaamad juqraafi ahaan, maadaama uu astaan u ahaa xuduudka bari ee boqortooyadii Damot (ka hor inta aysan [[Qaxii weynaa ee Oromada]] ku qasbin dadkaas inay ka gudbaan Abay) iyo xuduudka galbeed ee degmada [[Selale]].<ref>G.W.B. Huntingford, ''Historical Geography of Ethiopia from the first century AD to 1704'' (London: British Academy, 1989), p. 69</ref> Meel ka mid ah dooxooyinka [[Webiga Gudar|Guder]]-Mugar, waxaa 1976-kii laga helay haraagii ugu horreeyay ee dinosaur ah oo laga diiwaangeliyo [[Geeska Afrika]]. Waxay ahayd hal ilig oo ka mid ah [[carnosaur]].<ref>[https://nai.uu.se/library/resources/thematic-resources/local-history-of-ethiopia.html "Local History of Ethiopia"] The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 22 April 2022)</ref> Gobolka ku xeeran Mugar wuxuu ahaa dhulkii dhaqanka ee [[Dadka Gafat]] ee hadda dabar-go'ay, hase yeeshee waxaa eriyey boqorradii [[Dadka Amxaarada]] qarniyadii xigay, ka dibna waxaa dhex-galkay [[Dadka Oromada]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hassen |first1=Mohammed |title=Oromo of Ethiopia |publisher=University of London |page=308 |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29226/1/10731321.pdf |access-date=2026-07-12 |archive-date=2020-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213003344/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29226/1/10731321.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Mugar |publisher=Encyclopedia Aethiopica |url=https://en.sewasew.com/p/muga-r-(%E1%88%99%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AD)}}</ref> == Qoraallo == {{reflist}} d5q7l4k151vh6ni85ahf93yze77sjd2 0 49049 302079 301944 2026-07-13T02:56:33Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Walaqa | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = Ethiopia | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu ka baxo | source1_location = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|10.3675|38.4987|region:ET-AM|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = {{cvt|4450|km2}} | country = [[Itoobiya]] | state_type = [[Gobollada Itoobiya]] | state = [[Gobolka Amxaarada|Amxaarada]], [[Oromiya]] | mouth = [[Webiga Niilka Buluugga ah|Niilka Buluugga ah]] | river_system = [[Webiga Niil|Bassin-ka Niil]] | progression = [[Webiga Niilka Buluugga ah|Niilka Buluugga ah]] → [[Webiga Niil|Niil]] → [[Badda Miditerranée]] | basin_population = 980,000 }} '''Webiga Walaqa,''' oo ah [[wabi laamood]] ka mid ah [[Webiga Niilka Buluugga ah|Niilka Buluugga ah]], waa wabi ku yaal [[Gobolka Amxaarada]] ee [[Itoobiya]]. [[Wegde]] ayaa ku taal dhanka waqooyi. [[Mida Woremo]] iyo [[Dera, Oromia (degmo)|Dera]] ayaa ku yaal dhanka koonfureed, halka [[Kelala (degmo)|Kelala]] ay ku taal waqooyi-bari. Webiga Walaqa waxaa laga yaabaa inuu ahaa xuduudka waqooyi ee gobolkii taariikhiga ahaa ee [[Walaqa]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nai.uu.se/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/vw/ORTWA.pdf |title=Walaka (Walaqa, Waylaqa) |access-date=2008-09-15 |publisher=nai.uu.se |archive-date=2007-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616232639/http://www.nai.uu.se/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/vw/ORTWA.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.dppc.gov.et/downloadable/map/administrative/Atlas_Amhara.pdf Wakaaladda Ka hortagga iyo Diyaarinta Masiibooyinka Itoobiya: Atlas-ka maamulka: Gobolka Amxaarada] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dppc.gov.et/downloadable/map/administrative/Atlas_Amhara.pdf |date=20081031005609 }} * [http://www.dppc.gov.et/downloadable/map/Thematic%20maps/floodvulnerableareas_aug24_2006.jpg Wakaaladda Ka hortagga iyo Diyaarinta Masiibooyinka Itoobiya: Meelaha u nugul daadadka laga bilaabo Agoosto 24, 2006] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dppc.gov.et/downloadable/map/Thematic%20maps/floodvulnerableareas_aug24_2006.jpg |date=20081031005547 }} p8qugkkwgo7ui0m8ll43fpdtogkqd3a 0 49050 302026 301945 2026-07-13T02:38:06Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bashilo | image = Abbay OSM.png | image_size = | image_caption = Khariidada muujinaysa bassin-ka Abbay, iyadoo uu ku jiro Webiga Bashilo (dhexe midig) | source1_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|11|2|26|N|38|28|31|E|region:ET-AM|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | length = {{cvt|218|km}} | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|1302|m}} | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = {{cvt|13242|km2}} | other_name = Beshitta | country = [[Itoobiya]] | state_type = [[Gobollada Itoobiya|Gobol]] | state = [[Gobolka Amxaarada|Amxaarada]] | region_type = [[Liiska aagagga Itoobiya|Aag]] | region = [[South /Debub Gondar]], [[Semien Wollo]], [[Debub Wollo]] | tributaries_right = [[Webiga Tergiya|Tergiya]], [[Webiga Checheho|Checheho]] | mouth = [[Webiga Niilka Buluugga ah|Niilka Buluugga ah]] | river_system = [[Webiga Niil|Bassin-ka Niil]] | progression = [[Webiga Niilka Buluugga ah|Niilka Buluugga ah]] → [[Webiga Niil|Niil]] → [[Badda Miditerranée]] | basin_population = 2,730,000 }} '''Webiga Bashilo''' (oo marar dhif ah loo yaqaan '''Beshitta''') wuxuu ku yaal [[Itoobiya]]. Wuxuu caan ku yahay dooxadiisa, taas oo il ka mid ah ay ku tilmaantay inay ku dhowdahay in ay la mid noqoto dooxada waalidkiis ee [[Webiga Abay|Abay]],<ref>[http://www.nai.uu.se/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/B/ORTBAS.pdf "Local History in Ethiopia"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nai.uu.se/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/B/ORTBAS.pdf |date=20070616233739 }} The [[Nordic Africa Institute]] website (accessed 22 January 2008)</ref> oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan [[Webiga Niilka Buluugga ah|Niilka Buluugga ah]], wabigu wuxuu ka soo jeedaa galbeedka [[Kutaber]] ee [[Gobolka Amxaarada]]. Isagoo marka hore u qulqulaya dhanka waqooyi-galbeed ilaa meesha uu Tergiya kaga shubo, ka dib wuxuu u sii jeedaa koonfur-galbeed ilaa uu ka gaaro isku-darka Abay. Aagga qulqulkiisu waa qiyaastii 13,242 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran,<ref>[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/05/09/000334955_20080509032052/Rendered/PDF/434000PAD0P09617372B01off0use0only1.pdf "Tana & Beles Integrated Water Resources Development: Project Appraisal Document (PAD), Vol.1"], World Bank, 2 May 2008 (accessed 5 May 2009)</ref> isagoo daboolaya qaybo ka mid ah [[Debub Gondar Zone|Semien Gondar]], [[Semien Wollo Zone|Semien Wollo]] iyo [[Debub Wollo Zone]]. Wabiyaasha laamood waxaa ka mid ah [[Webiga Checheho|Checheho]], iyo Walano. [[File:Beshlo River.jpg|thumb|Webiga Beshlo, iyo buundada ka gudubta wabiga u dhow Kutaber]] Bashilo wuxuu sidoo kale muhiim u ahaa qeexidda xuduudaha gobollada Itoobiya. Qarnigii 17-aad, wuxuu kala saaray [[Begemder]] iyo [[Bete Amhara|Amhara Sayint]].<ref>Balthasar Tellez, ''The Travels of the Jesuits in Ethiopia'', 1710 (LaVergue: Kessinger, 2010), p. 11</ref> Dhamaadkii qarnigii 18-aad, wuxuu noqday xuduudka waqooyi ee [[Shewa]], sida lagu muujiyey diidmada boqor [[Tekle Giyorgis I of Ethiopia|Tekle Giyorgis I]] uu u diiday inuu ka gudbo Bashilo sababtoo ah waxay geli lahaayeen gobolkaas.<ref>[[Herbert Weld Blundell]], ''The Royal chronicle of Abyssinia, 1769-1840'' (Cambridge: University Press, 1922), pp. 292f, 340</ref> Wabigu wuxuu ahaan jiray xuduudka waqooyi ee Shewa ilaa 1870-kii, sida uu sheegay [[Negus]] [[Menelik II of Ethiopia|Menelik]] oo ka mid ahaa Shewa warqad uu u qoray G.R. Goodfellow.<ref>Dated 3 July 1870. Text and translation in Sven Rubenson, ''Acta Aethiopica, vol 3: Internal Rivalries and Foreign Threats, 1869-1879'' (Addis Ababa: University Press, 2000), pp. 60f.</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.dppc.gov.et/downloadable/map/administrative/Atlas_Amhara.pdf Wakaaladda Ka hortagga iyo Diyaarinta Masiibooyinka Itoobiya: Atlas-ka maamulka: Gobolka Amxaarada] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dppc.gov.et/downloadable/map/administrative/Atlas_Amhara.pdf |date=20081031005609 }} * [http://www.dppc.gov.et/downloadable/map/Thematic%20maps/floodvulnerableareas_aug24_2006.jpg Wakaaladda Ka hortagga iyo Diyaarinta Masiibooyinka Itoobiya: Meelaha u nugul daadadka laga bilaabo Agoosto 24, 2006] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dppc.gov.et/downloadable/map/Thematic%20maps/floodvulnerableareas_aug24_2006.jpg |date=20081031005547 }} lqplnr39v5ezoneszvar7kewnsx0gc6 0 49057 302082 301953 2026-07-13T02:56:42Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Yabus | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Khor Yabus | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = South Sudan | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu afkiisu ku yaal Suudaanta Koonfureed | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | length = {{cvt|192|km}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = Afka (qiyaas) <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Müller Schmied |first1=Hannes |last2=Cáceres |first2=Denise |last3=Eisner |first3=Stephanie |last4=Flörke |first4=Martina |last5=Herbert |first5=Claudia |last6=Niemann |first6=Christoph |last7=Peiris |first7=Thedini Asali |last8=Popat |first8=Eklavyya |last9=Portmann |first9=Felix Theodor |last10=Reinecke |first10=Robert |last11=Schumacher |first11=Maike |last12=Shadkam |first12=Somayeh |last13=Telteu |first13=Camelia-Eliza |last14=Trautmann |first14=Tim |last15=Döll |first15=Petra |date=2021-02-23 |title=The global water resources and use model WaterGAP v2.2d: model description and evaluation |url=https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/14/1037/2021/ |journal=Geoscientific Model Development |language=English |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=1037–1079 |doi=10.5194/gmd-14-1037-2021 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021GMD....14.1037M |issn=1991-959X|hdl=11250/2984567 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|3.61|m3/s}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|34.57|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|103.82|m3/s}} | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates = {{coord|9.480521|N|34.462993|E}} | source1_elevation = {{cvt|1346|m}} | mouth = [[Machar Marshes]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|9|52|N|33|35|E|display=it}} | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|432|m}} | progression = [[Machar Marshes]] → [[Webiga Adar|Adar]] → [[Webiga Niilka Cad|Niilka Cad]] → [[Webiga Niil|Niil]] → [[Badda Miditerranée]] | river_system = [[Webiga Niil|Bassin-ka Niil]] | basin_size = {{cvt|6080|km2}} | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = 227,000 | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = | country = [[Suudaanta Koonfureed]], [[Suudaan]], [[Itoobiya]] | city = Bunj }} '''Webiga Yabus''' (ama '''Khor Yabus''') wuxuu ka soo kacaa fogga galbeedka [[Itoobiya]], ee [[Asosa Zone]], wuxuuna u qulqulaa galbeedka gudaha [[Suudaan]] isagoo maraya magaalada [[Yabus]], ka dibna wuxuu galaa [[Suudaanta Koonfureed]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Voluntary Repatriation of Sudanese Refugees from Gambella, Ethiopia to Blue Nile State, Sudan: Mission Report|date=October 2005|publisher=UNMCR|url=http://www.unhcr.org/43aa76614.pdf|access-date=2011-07-22}} Annex: Map of Water Availability in Southern Blue Nile</ref> Magaalada [[Bunj, South Sudan|Bunj]] ayuu u leexdaa koonfur-galbeed wuxuuna galaa [[Machar Marshes]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Sutcliffe|first=J.V.|last2=Parls|first2=Y.P.|title=The Hydrology of the Nile|year=1999|chapter=The Sobat Basin and the Machar Marshes|url=http://iahs.info/bluebooks/SP005/BB_005_0103.pdf|access-date=2011-07-22|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705132235/http://iahs.info/bluebooks/SP005/BB_005_0103.pdf}} page 112</ref> halkaas oo uu ku waayo aqoonsigiisa. Wabiga waxaa mararka qaarkood lagu khaldayaa [[Webiga Dabus]], oo ah wabi laamoodka [[Webiga Niilka Buluugga ah|Niilka Buluugga ah]], kaas oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Webiga Yabus. Isha labada wabi ayaa midba midka kale u dhow. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Suudaanta Koonfureed]] * [[Liiska webiyada Suudaan]] * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} 49sctcbqt0znehlvvrqj35r2wwnh7ix 0 49060 302039 301956 2026-07-13T02:42:33Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Jikawo | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = La wadaagay [[Jikawo]] | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = South Sudan | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu afkiisu ku yaal Suudaanta Koonfureed | pushpin_map_alt = | subdivision_type1 = Dalalka | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]], [[Suudaanta Koonfureed]] | length = {{cvt|151|km}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = Afka (qiyaas) <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Müller Schmied |first1=Hannes |last2=Cáceres |first2=Denise |last3=Eisner |first3=Stephanie |last4=Flörke |first4=Martina |last5=Herbert |first5=Claudia |last6=Niemann |first6=Christoph |last7=Peiris |first7=Thedini Asali |last8=Popat |first8=Eklavyya |last9=Portmann |first9=Felix Theodor |last10=Reinecke |first10=Robert |last11=Schumacher |first11=Maike |last12=Shadkam |first12=Somayeh |last13=Telteu |first13=Camelia-Eliza |last14=Trautmann |first14=Tim |last15=Döll |first15=Petra |date=2021-02-23 |title=The global water resources and use model WaterGAP v2.2d: model description and evaluation |url=https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/14/1037/2021/ |journal=Geoscientific Model Development |language=English |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=1037–1079 |doi=10.5194/gmd-14-1037-2021 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021GMD....14.1037M |issn=1991-959X|hdl=11250/2984567 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|6.32|m3/s}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|23.07|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|44.23|m3/s}} | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates = {{coord|8.888134|N|34.741041|E}} | source1_elevation = {{cvt|2418|m}} | mouth = [[Webiga Baro|Baro]] | mouth_location = U dhow [[Jikawo]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|22|N|33|46|E|display=it|region:ET_type:river}} | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|415|m}} | progression = [[Webiga Baro|Baro]] → [[Webiga Sobat|Sobat]] → [[Webiga Niilka Cad|Niilka Cad]] → [[Webiga Niil|Niil]] → [[Badda Miditerranée]] | river_system = [[Webiga Niil|Bassin-ka Niil]] | basin_size = {{cvt|1940|km2}} | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = 51,100 | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = | cities = [[Pagak]] }} '''Webiga Jikawo''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfur-galbeedka [[Itoobiya]]. Waa [[wabi laamood]] ka mid ah [[Webiga Baro|Baro]], kaas oo uu kula biiro dhul-reebka iyo dherer-reebka {{coord|8|22|N|33|46|E|display=inline|region:ET_type:river}}. Wabigu wuxuu ka soo kacaa Itoobiya, qaybtiisa hoosena wuxuu sameeyaa xadka [[Suudaanta Koonfureed]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Topographical map of Jonglei |url=http://www.cde.unibe.ch/sudan/maps/south/statemaps/jonglei_highweb.JPG |access-date=2026-07-12 |archive-date=2011-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929152905/http://www.cde.unibe.ch/sudan/maps/south/statemaps/jonglei_highweb.JPG |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] *[[Liiska webiyada Suudaanta Koonfureed]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} ndcbnl7sczqp0drramzxii1vq2256td 0 49063 302075 301960 2026-07-13T02:53:50Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Sor | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|30|48|N|35|11|17|E|display=it}} | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobollada Itoobiya|Gobollada]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Oromiya]], [[South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region|SWEPR]] | source1_elevation = {{cvt|2797|m}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|7|35|59.4|N|35|49|8.5|E}} | mouth = [[Webiga Birbir|Birbir]] | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|815|m}} | length = {{cvt|231|km}} | discharge1_location = Afka (qiyaas)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Müller Schmied |first1=Hannes |last2=Cáceres |first2=Denise |last3=Eisner |first3=Stephanie |last4=Flörke |first4=Martina |last5=Herbert |first5=Claudia |last6=Niemann |first6=Christoph |last7=Peiris |first7=Thedini Asali |last8=Popat |first8=Eklavyya |last9=Portmann |first9=Felix Theodor |last10=Reinecke |first10=Robert |last11=Schumacher |first11=Maike |last12=Shadkam |first12=Somayeh |last13=Telteu |first13=Camelia-Eliza |last14=Trautmann |first14=Tim |last15=Döll |first15=Petra |date=2021-02-23 |title=The global water resources and use model WaterGAP v2.2d: model description and evaluation |url=https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/14/1037/2021/ |journal=Geoscientific Model Development |language=English |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=1037–1079 |doi=10.5194/gmd-14-1037-2021 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021GMD....14.1037M |issn=1991-959X|hdl=11250/2984567 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|10.5|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|230.9|m3/s}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|86.6|m3/s}} | progression = [[Webiga Birbir|Birbir]] → [[Webiga Baro|Baro]] → [[Webiga Sobat|Sobat]] → [[Webiga Niilka Cad|Niilka Cad]] → [[Webiga Niil|Niil]] → [[Badda Miditerranée]] | river_system = [[Webiga Niil|Niil]] | basin_size = {{cvt|6650|km2}} | basin_population = 978,000<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> }} '''Sor''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfur-galbeedka [[Itoobiya]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jimma: Capital of Coffee Country|url=http://www.tourismethiopia.gov.et/English/Attractions/Pages/WestEthiopiaJimma.aspx|work=Tourism Ethiopia|publisher=Ethiopian Ministry of Culture and Tourism|accessdate=27 Disembar 2012|archive-date=2012-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405161552/http://www.tourismethiopia.gov.et/English/Attractions/Pages/WestEthiopiaJimma.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Waa wabi laamoodka [[Webiga Birbir|Birbir]] dhanka bidixda ah, wuxuuna kula biiraa dhul-reebka iyo dherer-reebka {{coord|8|30|48|N|35|11|17|E}}, Sor wuxuu ka soo kacaa [[Sayo (woreda)|Sayo]]. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] * [[Metu, Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} cti3ygsd6i5lsi7w47qplzg11lagask 0 49064 302038 301961 2026-07-13T02:41:30Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 302038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Gebba | native_name = | name_other = Geba, Gebe | name_etymology = | nickname = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | map = {{Location map|Ethiopia|border=Black|label=Webiga Gebba|lat_deg=8|lat_min=14|lat_sec=28|lat_dir=N|lon_deg=34|lon_min=57|lon_sec=39|lon_dir=E}} | map_size = | map_caption = Goobta uu Webiga Gebba kaga yaal Itoobiya | map_alt = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_map_alt = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{Convert|290|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_max = {{cvt|150.3|m3/s}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|61.8|m3/s}} | discharge1_location = Afka (qiyaas) <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Müller Schmied |first1=Hannes |last2=Cáceres |first2=Denise |last3=Eisner |first3=Stephanie |last4=Flörke |first4=Martina |last5=Herbert |first5=Claudia |last6=Niemann |first6=Christoph |last7=Peiris |first7=Thedini Asali |last8=Popat |first8=Eklavyya |last9=Portmann |first9=Felix Theodor |last10=Reinecke |first10=Robert |last11=Schumacher |first11=Maike |last12=Shadkam |first12=Somayeh |last13=Telteu |first13=Camelia-Eliza |last14=Trautmann |first14=Tim |last15=Döll |first15=Petra |date=2021-02-23 |title=The global water resources and use model WaterGAP v2.2d: model description and evaluation |url=https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/14/1037/2021/ |journal=Geoscientific Model Development |language=English |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=1037–1079 |doi=10.5194/gmd-14-1037-2021 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021GMD....14.1037M |issn=1991-959X|hdl=11250/2984567 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|7.87|m3/s}} | source1 = | source1_location = Acchiscio, Itoobiya | source1_coordinates = {{Coord|7.787|35.844|format=dms|display=i}} | source1_elevation = {{Convert|2267|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Webiga Baro|Baro]] | mouth_location = Seriti, Itoobiya | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8.2411|34.9609|format=dms|region:ET-OR|display=it}} | mouth_elevation = {{Convert|557|m|ft|abbr=on}} | progression = [[Webiga Baro|Baro]] → [[Webiga Sobat|Sobat]] → [[Webiga Niilka Cad|Niilka Cad]] → [[Webiga Niil|Niil]] → [[Badda Miditerranée]] | river_system = [[Webiga Niil|Niil]] | basin_size = {{cvt|4740|km2}} | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = 336,000<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Gebba''' (ama '''Geba''') waa wabi ku yaal koonfur-galbeedka [[Itoobiya]]. Waa [[wabi laamood]] ka mid ah [[Webiga Baro|Baro]], kaas oo la abuuro markii isku-darka Gebba iyo [[Webiga Birbir|Birbir]] uu dhaco. Wabigu waa goobtii loo qorsheeyay biyo-xireennada korontada ee mataanaha ah ee Gebba. == Biyo-xireenka Webiga Gebba == Biyo-xireenka Webiga Gebba ayaa lagu dhisayaa meel u dhow xadka u dhexeeya [[Jimma Zone|Jimma]] iyo [[Illubabor Zone|Illubabur]] ee [[Dowlad Deegaanka Oromiya|Oromiya]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/2014/09/chinese-firms-construct-us-700m-dam-gebba-river-ethiopia/|title=Chinese firms to construct the new US$ 700m Gebba River Dam, Ethiopia|last=Barnes|first=Robert|date=2014-09-15|website=Construction Review Online|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=2021-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810144511/https://constructionreviewonline.com/2014/09/chinese-firms-construct-us-700m-dam-gebba-river-ethiopia/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Heshiiska mashruuca ayaa la saxiixay Isniintii Sebtember 8, 2014 iyadoo ay wada-shaqayn ku sameeyeen Dawladda Itoobiya, iyada oo loo marayo Shirkadda Korontada Itoobiya (EEPCo), iyo shirkadaha Shiinaha ee [[Sinohydro|SINOHYDRO]] Corporation Limited iyo [[Gezhouba Group|Gezhouba]] Group Company Limited (CGGC).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://addisfortune.net/articles/nations-most-expensive-dam-undertaken-by-sino-ethiopia-jv/|title=Nation's Most Expensive Dam Undertaken by Sino-Ethiopia JV|last=Fortune|first=Addis|website=addisfortune.net|language=en|access-date=2019-04-17}}</ref> Kharashka dhismaha ayaa lagu qiyaasay $583 milyan wuxuuna qaadanayaa afar sano iyo bar laba marxaladood. 80% maalgelinta waxaa bixin doona [[Exim Bank of China]] halka 20%-ka kalena ay bixinayso dawladda Itoobiya.<ref name=":0" /> Biyo-xireenku wuxuu soo saari doonaa qiyaastii 391MW oo koronto ah. == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 511m9xf4oxqnljfjdmmad5smrqm2dgg 0 49080 302005 2026-07-12T12:13:42Z BARRE IBRAAHIM FAARAX 46449 Abuuray iyadoo la turjumay qaybta furitaanka ee bogga "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362670338|Mikhail Bakunin]]" 302005 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin [lower-alpha 1] ( Template:OldStyleDate - 1 July 1876) wuxuu ahaa falsafad siyaasadeed iyo kacdoon-wade Ruush ah. Waa mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu saameynta badan ee nidaamka dawlad la'aanta ah, waana shakhsi muhiim ah oo ka mid ah isbeddellada hantiwadaagga, nidaamka dawlad la'aanta bulshada, [1] iyo nidaamka dawlad la'aanta ah ee wadajirka ah . Sharafta Bakunin ee kacaan-sameeyaha ayaa sidoo kale ka dhigtay mid ka mid ah fikradaha ugu caansan Yurub, isagoo saameyn weyn ku yeeshay xagjiriinta Ruushka iyo Yurub oo dhanMikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|b|ə|ˈ|k|uː|n|ɪ|n}} {{respell|bə|KOO|nin}};<ref>[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/bakunin "Bakunin"]. ''[[Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary]]''. 2010.</ref> {{lang-rus|Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Баку́нин|p=mʲɪxɐˈil ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪdʑ‿bɐˈkunʲɪn}}; sometimes anglicized to '''Michael Bakunin''' in older literature.}} ( {{OldStyleDate|30 May|1814|18 May}} - 1 July 1876) wuxuu ahaa falsafad siyaasadeed iyo [[Qalalab|kacdoon-wade]] Ruush ah. Waa mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu saameynta badan ee nidaamka dawlad la'aanta ah, waana shakhsi muhiim ah oo ka mid ah isbeddellada hantiwadaagga, nidaamka dawlad la'aanta bulshada, iyo nidaamka dawlad la'aanta ah ee wadajirka ah . Sharafta Bakunin ee kacaan-sameeyaha ayaa sidoo kale ka dhigtay mid ka mid ah fikradaha ugu caansan Yurub, isagoo saameyn weyn ku yeeshay xagjiriinta Ruushka iyo Yurub oo dhan. Bakunin wuxuu ku koray Pryamukhino, oo ah dhul qoys oo ku yaal Gobolka Tver . Laga bilaabo 1840, wuxuu wax ku bartay [[Moskow|Moscow]], ka dibna [[Baarliin|Berlin]], isagoo rajeynaya inuu galo akadeemiyadda. Markii dambe ee uu joogay [[Baariis|Paris]], wuxuu la kulmay [[Karl Marx]] iyo Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, kuwaas oo si weyn u saameeyay. Xagjirnimada sii kordheysa ee Bakunin waxay soo afjartay rajadii laga qabay shaqo macallinimo. Waxaa laga eryay Faransiiska ka dib markii uu ka soo horjeeday qabsashadii Boqortooyada Ruushka ee Poland . Ka dib markii uu ka qayb qaatay kacdoonkii Prague ee 1848 iyo Dresden ee 1849, Bakunin waa la xidhay, waa la maxkamadeeyay, dil ayaa lagu xukumay, ka dibna dhowr jeer ayaa la soo mustaafuriyay. Ugu dambeyntii, [[Dugaagow|markii loo mustaafuriyay]] Siberia sanadkii 1857, wuxuu u baxsaday Japan isagoo u sii jeeda Mareykanka ka dibna [[London]], xalkaas oo uu kala shaqeeyay Alexander Herzen joornaalka ''Kolokol'' ( ''The Bell'' ). Sannadkii 1863, Bakunin wuxuu ka tagay si uu ugu biiro kacdoonkii Poland, laakiin wuu ku guuldareystay inuu gaadho, wuxuuna waqti ku qaatay [[Iswisarland|Switzerland]] iyo Talyaaniga . Sannadkii 1868, Bakunin wuxuu ku biiray Ururka Shaqaalaha Caalmaaka ah, isagoo horseeday kooxda kacdoonka dawlad la'aanta wada inay si degdeg ah u koraan saamaynta. Shirweynihii Hague ee 1872 waxaa ku hardamay halgan u dhexeeyay Bakunin iyo Marx, oo ahaa shakhsi muhiim u ahaa Golaha Guud ee Caalamiga ah, isla markaana ku dooday in dawladda loo adeegsado sidii loo abuuri lahaa hantiwadaag. Taas bedelkeeda, Bakunin iyo kooxda kacdoonka dawlad la'aanta wada ayaa ku dooday in gobolka lagu beddelo federaalo goobo shaqo iyo bulshooyin iskood isu maamula. Bakunin ma gaari karin Netherlands, kooxda anarchist ahna way ku guuldareysteen dooddii isagoo maqan. Bakunin waxaa laga saaray Hay'adda Caalamiga ah sababo la xiriira, sida uu qabo Marx, urur qarsoodi ah oo ka tirsan Hay'adda Caalamiga ah, wuxuuna aasaasay Hay'adda Caalamiga ah ee Ka-hortagga Awood-u-dirirka sannadkii 1872 . Laga bilaabo 1870 ilaa geeridiisii 1876, Bakunin wuxuu qoray shaqooyinkiisii dheeraa sida ''Statism iyo Anarchy'' iyo ''God and the State'', laakiin wuxuu sii waday inuu si toos ah uga qayb qaato dhaqdhaqaaqyada shaqaalaha iyo beeralayda Yurub. Sannadkii 1870, wuxuu ku lug lahaa kacdoon ka dhacay Lyon, Faransiiska. Bakunin wuxuu doonayay inuu ka qayb qaato kacdoon dawlad la'aanta ka dhacday Bologna, Talyaaniga, laakiin xaaladdiisa caafimaad oo sii xumaanaysa ayaa ku qasabtay inuu ku laabto Switzerland isagoo qarsoon. Bakunin waxaa lagu xasuustaa inuu ahaa shakhsi muhiim ah taariikhda fowdada iyo inuu ka soo horjeeday Marxism, gaar ahaan kaligii-talisnimada ee proletariat-ka, isagoo ku doodaya in dowladaha Marxist-ku ay noqon doonaan kali-talisnimo hal xisbi ah oo xukuma proletariat-ka, oo aan lagu xukumin proletariat-ka. Buuggiisa ''Ilaah iyo Dawladda'' si weyn ayaa loo turjumay, waana mid weli daabacan. Bakunin wuxuu saameyn weyn ku yeeshay mufakiriinta sida Peter Kropotkin, Errico Malatesta, Herbert Marcuse, EP Thompson, Neil Postman iyo AS Neill iyo sidoo kale ururada syndicalist-ka sida IWW, kuwa anarchist-ka ah ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Isbaanishka iyo kuwa anarchist-ka casriga ah ee ku lug lahaa dhaqdhaqaaqa casriga ah ee ka soo horjeeda caalamiga . glvowgmsg6zl7xp634v1x1qdc8jfndn 0 49081 302087 2026-07-13T07:04:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Awaash | native_name = {{native name list|tag1=om|name1=Awaash|tag2=am|name2=ዐዋሽ|tag3=aa|name3=Hawaash We'ayot|tag4=so|name4=Webiga Dir}} | name_other = Great Dir River (taariikhi) | image = Awash river.jpg | image_caption = Webiga Awaash, Itoobiya | map = Awashrivermap.png | map_caption = Khariidada muujinaysa bassin-ka webiga Awaash | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobollada Itoobiya|Gobollada]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Cafarta|Cafarta]], [[Oromiya]], [[Addis Ababa]], [[Gobolka Itoobiya Dhexe|Itoobiya Dhexe]] | subdivision_type5 = Magaalooyin | subdivision_name5 = [[Addis Ababa]], [[Metehara]], [[Awaash, Itoobiya|Awaash]], [[Gewane]], [[Asaita]], Awash 7 Kilo, Ambo, [[Sabata (magaalo)|Sebeta]], [[Bishoftu]], Gelan, [[Adama]], Modjo | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last1=Lehner |first1=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |bibcode=2008EOSTr..89...93L |issn=0096-3941}}</ref> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|37.9|m3/s}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|151.9|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|510.5|m3/s}} | source1 = [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] | source1_location = Meel u dhow magaalada [[Ginchi]], [[Aagga Shewa Galbeed]], [[Oromiya]] | source1_coordinates = {{coord|9|05|48|N|38|10|01|E|display=it}} | source1_elevation = {{cvt|2929|m}} | mouth = [[Harada Abbe]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|11|08|53|N|41|41|08|E}} | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|248|m}} | basin_size = {{cvt|69196|km2}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | tributaries_left = [[Webiga Logiya|Logiya]], [[Webiga Mille|Mille]], [[Webiga Borkana|Borkana]], [[Webiga Ataye|Ataye]], [[Webiga Hawadi|Hawadi]], [[Webiga Kabenna|Kabenna]], [[Webiga Dukem|Dukem]], [[Webiga Germama|Germama]], [[Webiga Akaki|Akaki]], [[Webiga Dechatu|Dechatu]], [[Webiga Keleta|Keleta]], iyo [[Webiga Modjo]] | tributaries_right = [[Webiga Gololcha|Gololcha]] | length = {{cvt|1200|km}}<ref name="Length" /> | basin_population = 17,900,000<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> }} '''Webiga Awaash''' (mararka qaarkood loo qoro '''Awaash'''; [[Af-Oromo]]: ''Awaash'' ama ''Hawaas'', [[Af-Amxaari]]: ዐዋሽ, [[Af-Cafaar]]: ''Hawaash We'ayot'', [[Af-Soomaali]]: ''Webiga Dir'', [[Af-Talyaani]]: ''Auasc'') waa wabi weyn oo ku yaal [[Itoobiya]]. Socodkiisu wuxuu gebi ahaanba ku dhex yaal xuduudaha Itoobiya wuxuuna ku shubmaa silsilad harooyin isku xiran ah oo ka bilaabma [[Harada Gargori]] kuna dhammaada [[Harada Abbe]] (ama Abhe Bad) oo ku taal xadka [[Jabuuti]], qiyaastii {{convert|100|km}} u jirta madaxa [[Gacanka Tadjoura]]. Webiga Awaash waa durdurka ugu weyn ee [[bassin-ka]] [[biyood]] ee [[endorheic]] ka ah, kaas oo daboola qaybo ka mid ah [[Gobolka Amxaarada]], [[Oromiya]] iyo [[Gobolka Soomaalida]], iyo sidoo kale qaybta koonfureed ee [[Gobolka Cafarta]]. Bassin-ka Webiga Awaash, oo ka kooban 23 aag oo maamul, wuxuu daboolaa 10% bedka Itoobiya.<ref name=":5" /> Bassin-ku badanaa wuxuu leeyahay laba xilli roobaad, mid gaaban oo ku beegan bisha Maarso (''Belg''), iyo mid dheer oo u dhexeeya Juun ilaa Sebteembar (''Kiremt''), kuwaas oo qayb ahaan ku dhaca hal xilli roobaad oo dheer. [[Isbeddelka cimilada]] ayaa la saadaalinayaa inuu kordhiyo yaraanta biyaha xilli kasta iyo qaybo ka mid ah bassin-ka, sababtoo ah kororka la saadaalinayo ee heerkulka iyo hoos u dhaca roobka.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Taye |first1=Meron Teferi |last2=Dyer |first2=Ellen |last3=Hirpa |first3=Feyera A. |last4=Charles |first4=Katrina |date=2018 |title=Climate Change Impact on Water Resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia |journal=Water |language=en |volume=10 |issue=11 |pages=1560 |doi=10.3390/w10111560 |bibcode=2018Water..10.1560T |issn=2073-4441}}</ref> Bassin-ka Webiga Awaash waa bassin-ka ugu horumarsan, ugu isticmaalka badan, ugu xadgudubka badan, ugu saamaynta badan, iyo kan ugu dadka badan (in ka badan 15% ama ku dhawaad 18.6 milyan oo ka mid ah 120 milyan) ee Itoobiya (laga bilaabo 2021).<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last1=Abebe |first1=Yosef |last2=Whitehead |first2=Paul |last3=Alamirew |first3=Tena |last4=Jin |first4=Li |last5=Alemayehu |first5=Esayas |date=2023 |title=Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues |journal=Environmental Monitoring and Assessment |language=en |volume=195 |issue=10 |page=1188 |bibcode=2023EMnAs.195.1188A |doi=10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z |issn=0167-6369}}</ref> Kobaca degdega ah ee beeraha, warshadaha iyo [[magaalaynta]] gudaha bassin-ka, iyo sidoo kale koritaanka dadweynaha ayaa keenaya baahiyo sii kordhaya oo loo qabo [[khayraadka biyaha]] ee bassin-ka. Isha ugu weyn ee [[wasakhowga biyaha]] ee bassin-ka sare ee Awaash waxay ka timaadaa qashinka warshadaha iyo magaalooyinka, [[qulqulka beeraha]] ([[sunta cayayaanka]], [[bacriminta]]), iyo bullaacadaha. Warshadaha wasakhaynaya bassin-ka waxaa ka mid ah [[warshadaha haragga]], warshadaha rinjiga, [[qowlaysatada]], [[warshadaha dharka]], [[warshadaha cabitaanka]], warshadaha sonkorta, isbitaallada, iyo dawooyinka.<ref name=":6" /> Dooxada Awaash (iyo gaar ahaan [[Awaash-ta Dhexe]]) waxay caalami ahaan caan ku tahay cufnaanteeda sare ee [[hominid]] fossils, taas oo siinaysa aragti aan hore loo arag oo ku saabsan horumarka hore ee [[Evolution-ka aadanaha]].<ref name="unesco">{{cite web |title=Lower Valley of the Awash |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/10 |access-date=18 Sebteembar 2021 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Site |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization}}</ref> "[[Lucy (hominid)|Lucy]]", oo ka mid ah fossils-ka hominin-ka ugu caansan, ayaa laga helay Dooxada hoose ee Awaash.<ref name="unesco" /> Sababtoo ah muhiimaddeeda palaeontological iyo anthropological, dooxada hoose ee Awaash waxaa lagu qoray [[UNESCO]]'s [[Liiska Dhaxalka Adduunka]] sannadkii 1980.<ref name="unesco" /> == Juqraafiga == Bassin-ka Webiga Awaash, oo ka kooban 23 aag oo maamul, wuxuu daboolaa 10% bedka Itoobiya wuxuuna martigeliyaa qiyaastii 17% dadkeeda.<ref name=":5" /> Waxay qayb ahaan ku taallaa [[Rift-ka Itoobiya ee Weyn]]. Webiga Awaash waa {{convert|1200|km}} dherer ah.<ref name="Length" >"Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)", Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 Diseembar 2009)</ref> Waxay ka bilaabataa [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] joog dhan {{convert|3000|m}} waxayna martaa meelo dhowr ah ka hor inta aysan ku biirin [[Harada Abbe]] joog dhan {{convert|250|m}}.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last1=Abebe |first1=Yosef |last2=Alemayehu |first2=Taye |last3=Birhanu |first3=Behailu |last4=Alamirew |first4=Tena |last5=Alemayehu |first5=Esayas |date=2024 |title=Demystifying Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in a Volcano-Tectonic Region of Middle Awash, Ethiopia, for Multipurpose Use |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=16 |issue=12 |pages=5257 |doi=10.3390/su16125257 |bibcode=2024Sust...16.5257A |issn=2071-1050}}</ref> Bassin-ka Webiga Awaash wuxuu u qaybsamaa saddex qaybood: sare, dhexe, iyo hoose.<ref name=":7" /> Awaash waxay ka kacdaa koonfurta [[Buurta Warqe]], galbeedka [[Addis Ababa]] ee [[degmada]] [[Dendi]], meel u dhow magaalada [[Ginchi]], [[Aagga Shewa Galbeed]], [[Oromiya]]. Ka dib markii ay gasho salka [[Rift-ka Weyn ee Itoobiya]], Awaash waxay u qulqushaa koonfurta si ay u wareegto [[Buurta Zuqualla]] jihada bari ka dibna waqooyi-bari, ka hor inta aysan gelin [[Kaydka Koka]]. Halkaas, biyaha waxaa loo isticmaalaa waraabinta beeraha sonkorta. Hoos u qulqulka, Awaash waxay dhaaftaa magaalada [[Adama]] iyo [[Beerta Qaranka ee Awaash]]. Waxaa markaas kaga biira dhanka bidix webiga ugu weyn ee laamoodka, webiga [[Germama]] (ama Kasam), ka hor inta aysan u leexan waqooyi-bari qiyaastii {{coord|11|0|N|40|30|E}} ilaa waqooyi ilaa 12° ka hor inta aysan u leexan bari si ay u gaarto harada Gargori. Durdurrada kale ee [[laamoodka]] Awaash waxaa ka mid ah (sida ay u kala horreeyaan): [[Webiga Logiya]], [[Webiga Mille]], [[Webiga Borkana]], [[Webiga Ataye]], [[Webiga Hawadi]], [[Webiga Kabenna]] iyo [[Webiga Dukem]]. Magaalooyinka ku yaalla jidkeeda waxaa ka mid ah [[Metehara]], [[Awaash]], [[Gewane]] iyo [[Asaita]]. Waxaa jira webiyo laamood ah, harooyin, [[il-biyood kulul]], iyo [[dhiiqo]] ku yaalla Bassin-ka Awaash-ta Dhexe.<ref name=":7" /> == Cimilada == Cimilada bassin-ka Webiga Awaash waxaa badanaa saameeya dhaqdhaqaaqa [[Intertropical Convergence Zone|itcz]]. Inta lagu jiro dhaqdhaqaaqeeda waqooyi ee Maarso/Abriil iyo dib u gurashadeeda koonfurta, ITCZ waxay abuurtaa laba xilli roobaad, mid gaaban oo ku beegan Maarso (''Belg''), iyo mid dheer oo u dhexeeya Juun iyo Sebteembar (''Kiremt''), kuwaas oo qayb ahaan ku dhaca hal xilli roobaad oo dheer. Xilliga roobka wuxuu u janjeeraa inuu noqdo bimodal xagga bari ee Itoobiya iyo ku dhawaad unimodal xagga galbeed ee Itoobiya. Waqtiga u dhexeeya Oktoobar iyo Maarso waa xilli abaar ah, oo la yiraahdo ''Bega''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Seleshi|first1=Yilma|last2=Zanke|first2=Ulrich|date=2004-06-30|title=Recent changes in rainfall and rainy days in Ethiopia|journal=International Journal of Climatology|language=en|volume=24|issue=8|pages=973–983|doi=10.1002/joc.1052}}</ref> Xaalado semi-arid ilaa arid ah ayaa ka jira Rift Valley. Taas bedelkeeda, buuraleyda waxay qayb ahaan helaan in ka badan {{convert|1600|mm}} oo roob ah qiyaastii lix bilood sannadkii.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Knoche|first1=Malte|last2=Fischer|first2=Christian|last3=Pohl|first3=Eric|last4=Krause|first4=Peter|last5=Merz|first5=Ralf|title=Combined uncertainty of hydrological model complexity and satellite-based forcing data evaluated in two data-scarce semi-arid catchments in Ethiopia|journal=Journal of Hydrology|volume=519|pages=2049–2066|doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.003|year=2014}}</ref> === Isbeddelka cimilada === Daraasad la sameeyay 2018 ayaa baartay [[saamaynta isbeddelka cimilada]] ee [[khayraadka biyaha]] ee bassin-ka Awaash. Waxay isticmaaleen saddex [[moodel cimilo]] oo ka mid ah CMIP5 iyo saddex xilli oo mustaqbalka ah (2006–2030, 2031–2055, iyo 2056–2080). Moodellada waxaa loo doortay iyadoo lagu saleynayo waxqabadkooda qabashada sifooyinka [[roobka]] taariikhiga ah. Muddada saldhigga ee loo isticmaalo isbarbardhigga waxay ahayd 1981–2005. Helitaanka biyaha mustaqbalka waxaa lagu qiyaasay farqiga u dhexeeya saadaasha roobka iyo suurtagalnimada [[evapotranspiration]] iyadoo la adeegsanayo saadaasha qiiqa (RCP8.5). Saadaasha saddexda xilli ee mustaqbalka waxay muujinaysaa kordhinta yaraanta biyaha xilli kasta iyo qaybo ka mid ah bassin-ka, sababtoo ah kororka la saadaalinayo ee heerkulka iyo hoos u dhaca roobka. Hoos u dhacan ku yimid helitaanka biyaha ayaa kordhin doona [[cadaadiska biyaha]] ee bassin-ka, taasoo sii khatar gelinaysa [[amniga biyaha]] qaybaha kala duwan.<ref name=":4" /> == Hydrology == === Roobka, abaaraha iyo fatahaadaha === Roobku aad ayuu ugu kala duwan yahay bassin-ka sannad ilaa sannad kale. Yaraanta biyaha xilliga abaaraha waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay inay tahay caqabad xagga hawlaha kala duwan sida [[waraabka]] iyo [[saadka biyaha]] ee gudaha by Awash Basin Authority.<ref name=":4" /> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fatahaadaha ayaa sidoo kale si joogta ah u dhaca inta lagu jiro xilliga roobka ugu weyn ee Luulyo iyo Agoosto.<ref name=":9">Taye, M.T., Haile, A.T., Dessalegn, M., Nigussie, L., Bekele, T.W., Nicol, A., Dyer, E. & Tekleab, S. 2024. Policy and practice recommendations on flood risk management in the Awash basin. REACH Discussion brief.</ref> Kobaca degdega ah ee beeraha, warshadaha iyo [[magaalaynta]] gudaha bassin-ka Awaash, iyo sidoo kale koritaanka dadweynaha ayaa keenaya baahiyo sii kordhaya oo loo qabo khayraadka biyaha ee bassin-ka. Bassin-ku wuxuu caan ku yahay isbeddelka cimilada sare oo ay ku jiraan abaaraha iyo fatahaadaha, iyo isbeddelka cimilada ayaa u badan inuu sii xoojiyo caqabadaha jira.<ref name=":4" /> === Biyaha dhulka hoostiisa === [[Groundwater recharge]] waxay u dhaxaysaa qiyam ka badan {{convert|350|mm}} sannadkii buuraleyda sare iyo wax dib-u-buuxin ah oo aan ka jirin salka rift valley.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Ayenew |first1=Tenalem |last2=Demlie |first2=Molla |last3=Wohnlich |first3=Stefan |year=2008 |title=Hydrogeological framework and occurrence of groundwater in the Ethiopian aquifers |journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=97–113 |doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2008.06.006}}</ref> Biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ayaa inta badan dib loogu buuxiyaa escarpments-ka iyo buuraleyda sare ee 1,900 m a.s.l.,<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Bretzler |first1=Anja |last2=Osenbrück |first2=Karsten |last3=Gloaguen |first3=Richard |last4=Ruprecht |first4=Janina S. |last5=Kebede |first5=Seifu |last6=Stadler |first6=Susanne |year=2011 |title=Groundwater origin and flow dynamics in active rift systems – A multi-isotope approach in the Main Ethiopian Rift |journal=Journal of Hydrology |volume=402 |issue=3–4 |pages=274–289 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.022}}</ref> halkaas oo roobka sannadlaha ah uu ka sarreeyo {{convert|1000|mm}}.<ref name=":3" /> Bassin-ka Awaash waa aag dad badan oo warshadaysan halkaas oo ganacsiyo badan ay ku tiirsan yihiin [[biyaha dhulka hoostiisa]] hawlgalkooda. Sidaa darteed, inta badan dadaallada horumarinta aadanaha ee bassin-ka ayaa sii wadi doona inay si weyn ugu tiirsanaadaan tirada iyo tayada biyaha dhulka hoostiisa.<ref name=":7" /> == Ecology == Inta badan bassin-ka Awaash waa qayb ka mid ah ecoregion-ka [[keymaha buuraleyda Itoobiya]]. Joogga sare ee [[beero-da buuraleyda Itoobiya iyo dhulalka kaymaha]] iyo [[dhulalka buuraleyda Itoobiya]] ayaa ka taliya. Ecoregion-ka [[Somali Acacia–Commiphora bushlands and thickets]] ayaa ku fadhiya joogga hoose ee Rift-ka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287758543|title=The ecozones of the world. The ecological division of the geosphere|website=ResearchGate|language=en}}</ref> === Fauna === Dooxada hoose ee Awaash waa mid ka mid ah kaydka duurjoogta ee ugu dambeeya ee [[Dameerka duurjoogta Afrika]]. Naasleeygan hadda waa la waayay [[Beerta Qaranka ee Yangudi Rassa]], laakiin weli waxaa laga helaa [[Beerta Ilaalinta Duurjoogta ee Mille-Serdo]].<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Moehlman, P.D. |author2=Kebede, F. |author3=Yohannes, H. |year=2015 |title=''Equus africanus'' |volume=2015 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T7949A45170994.en}}</ref> Xayawaannada kale ee waaweyn ee asal ahaan ka soo jeeda aagga waxaa ka mid ah [[Beisa Oryx]], [[Soemmerring's Gazelle]], [[Dorcas gazelle]], [[gerenuk]] iyo [[Grevy's zebra]]. Yaxaasyada ayaa sidoo kale ku barwaaqoobay webiga. == Hawlaha aadanaha iyo saamaynta == Bassin-ka Awaash waa bassin-ka ugu horumarsan, ugu isticmaalka badan, ugu xadgudubka badan, ugu saamaynta badan, iyo kan ugu dadka badan (in ka badan 15% ama ku dhawaad 18.6 milyan oo ka mid ah 120 milyan) ee Itoobiya.<ref name=":6" /> Awaash-ta Dhexe waxay caan ku tahay lahaanshaha waraabka baaxadda weyn iyo kan yar, iyo sidoo kale beeraha iyo [[warshadaha sonkorta]] (Wenji, Methara, iyo warshadaha sonkorta Kesem).<ref name=":7" /> === Saadka biyaha === [[Saadka biyaha]] ee magaalooyinka waaweyn sida Addis Ababa, Mojo iyo Adama, iyo sidoo kale, biyaha waraabka ee beeraha maxalliga ah iyo ganacsiga (sida beerta sonkorta) waxay ku tiirsan yihiin Webiga Awaash iyo laamoodkiisa.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last1=Zinabu |first1=Eskinder |last2=Alamirew |first2=Tena |last3=Gebrehiwot |first3=Solomon G. |last4=Whitehead |first4=Paul |last5=Charles |first5=Katrina |last6=Zeleke |first6=Gete |date=2024 |title=Information synthesis to identify water quality issues and select applicable in-stream water quality model for the Awash River basin in Ethiopia: A perspective from developing countries |journal=Scientific African |volume=23 |article-number=e02063 |doi=10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02063}}</ref> === Hawlaha dhaqaalaha === Dhaqaalaha bassin-ka Awaash waxaa u badan beeraha iyo qaybaha adeegga. Beeruhu waxay u badan yihiin isticmaalka biyaha (qiyaastii 89% wadarta isticmaalka biyaha ee bassin-ka) waxaana la filayaa inay sii ahaan doonaan aasaaska kobaca dhaqaalaha sannadaha soo socda. === Wasakhowga === [[Warshadaha]] iyo [[daawaynta bullaacada]] magaalooyinka ayaa ku yar oo aan waxtar lahayn bassin-ka Webiga Awaash. Halka ay ka jiraan, [[biyaha wasakhaysan]] (oo inta badan si liidata loo daweeyey) ayaa lagu shubaa durdurrada u dhow, taas oo [[wasakhaynaysa]] biyaha.<ref name=":8" /> Koritaanka [[warshadaynta]] iyo magaalooyinka bassin-ka Webiga Awaash ayaa si ba'an u dhaawacay [[nidaamka deegaanka]] sababtoo ah sunta lagu shubay meelaha biyaha. Isha ugu weyn ee [[wasakhowga biyaha]] ee bassin-ka Webiga Awaash waxay ka timaadaa qashinka warshadaha iyo magaalooyinka, [[qulqulka beeraha]] ([[sunta cayayaanka]], [[bacriminta]]), iyo bullaacadaha.<ref name=":6" /> == Paleontology == Aadanuhu waxay ku noolaayeen dooxada Awaash ku dhawaad tan iyo bilowgii noocyada. Waxaa laga helay haraaga [[hominid]]-ka hore ee aadanaha [[Awaash-ta Dhexe]].<ref name="HS">{{Cite journal |last=Haile-Selassie |first=Yohannes |date=2001-07-12 |title=Late Miocene hominids from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia |journal=Nature |volume=412 |issue=6843 |pages=178–181 |doi=10.1038/35084063}}</ref> Haraaga laga helay Dooxada Awaash waxay taariikh ahaan ka soo jeedaan [[Miocene-ka dambe]], [[Pliocene]], iyo [[Pleistocene-ka hore]] (qiyaastii 5.6–2.5 milyan oo sano ka hor), waxaana ka mid ah fossils-ka badan ee [[Australopithecines]], oo ay ku jiraan "Lucy", oo ah shaqsiga ugu caansan [[Australopithecus]].<ref name="unesco" /><ref name="HS" /> == Taariikhda == Qarnigii 16-aad Webiga Awaash waxaa loo yaqaanay webiga weyn ee [[Dir (qabiil)|Dir]] wuxuuna ku yaallay waddanka [[Muslimiinta]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=ʻArabfaqīh |first=Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Qādir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgIwAQAAIAAJ&q=conquest+abyssinia |title=The conquest of Abyssinia: 16th century |date=2003-01-01 |publisher=Tsehai Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-0-9723172-6-9 |location=Hollywood |pages=124}}</ref> === Qarnigii 20-aad === Midkii ugu horreeyay ee reer Yurub ah ee raadraaca socodka Awaash ilaa dhammaadkiisa ee [[Asaita|Aussa]] oasis wuxuu ahaa [[Wilfred Thesiger]] 1933/1934, kaas oo ka bilaabay magaalada Awaash, raacay socodka webiga ilaa dhammaadkiisa ugu dambeeya ee Harada Abhebad, wuxuuna sii waday safarkiisa bari ilaa [[Tadjoura]]. Sannadkii 1960, [[Koka Dam]] ayaa laga dhisay Webiga Awaash meel qiyaastii {{convert|75|km}} u jirta Addis Ababa. Furitaankeeda ka dib, waxay noqotay il weyn oo [[korontada biyaha]] ah oo ka jirta aagga. == Bulshada iyo dhaqanka == Dooxada Awaash oo ka bilaabma qiyaastii 9° N hoos u qulqulaya waa guriga dhaqanka ee [[dadka Cafarta]] iyo [[Issa (qabiil)|Issa]] [[dadka Soomaaliyeed]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Markakis |first=John |date=2003 |title=Anatomy of a Conflict: Afar & Ise Ethiopia |journal=Review of African Political Economy |volume=30 |issue=97 |pages=445–453 |doi=10.1080/03056244.2003.9659777}}</ref> Bangiga [[Awash International Bank]] waxaa loogu magac daray Webiga Awaash.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 Noofembar 2022 |title=assessment of credit risk management policies |url=http://197.156.93.91/bitstream/123456789/4316/1/Thesis%20Meseret%20Zelalem.pdf}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} *{{Commons category-inline|Awash River}} 7ihjt1y96skc0x53m2kpnd6affp1wek 0 49082 302088 2026-07-13T07:07:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Logiya | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Ethiopia | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobollada Itoobiya|Gobollada]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Cafarta|Cafarta]], [[Gobolka Amxaarada|Amxaarada]] | length = {{cvt|212|km}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941}}</ref> | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|1.09|m3/s}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|11.8|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|55.1|m3/s}} | source1 = [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] | source1_coordinates = {{coord|11|42|21|N|39|33|14|E|display=it}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|3392|m}} | mouth = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] | mouth_location = Meel u dhow [[Logiya]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|11|43|09|N|40|59|58|E}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|391|m}} | progression = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] → [[Harada Abbe]] | river_system = Bassin-ka Awaash | basin_size = {{cvt|3520|km2}} | basin_population = 140,000<ref>Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> | cities = [[Logiya]] }} '''Logiya''', ama '''Logia''', waa wabi ku yaal bariga-dhexe ee [[Itoobiya]], waana wabi laamoodka dhanka bidix ka xiga [[Webiga Awaash]]. == Socodka == Logiya waxay ka kacdaa [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]], ka dibna waxay u qulqushaa dhanka bari si ay ugu biirto Awaash meel u dhow [[Semera]], oo ka hooseeya [[Koka Dam|Biyo-xireenka Tendaho]].{{sfn|OpenStreetMap}} Waxay dhex martaa dhulalka hoose ee fidsan oo leh xuduudo buuraley ah oo ku yaal [[Rift-ka Weyn]] ee waqooyi-bari Itoobiya. == Bassin-ka == Bassin-ka Logiya waa qayb ka mid ah Bassin-ka Webiga Awaash ee Hoose (LARB). Qaybta sare waxay ku taal [[Aagga Wollo ee Waqooyi]] ee [[Gobolka Amxaarada]]. Hoos u sii socoshada waxay ku taal [[Gobolka Cafarta]].{{sfn|Jilo|Gebremariam|Harka|Woldemariam|2019|p=2}} Bassin-ka Logiya wuxuu ku yaal galbeedka Webiga Awaash, wuxuuna daboolaa bed dhan {{convert|3520|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> Joogyadu waxay u dhexeeyaan {{convert|384|ilaa|2487|m}} ka sarreeya heerka badda.{{sfn|Argaw|2008|p=94}} Celceliska dhererka waa {{convert|890.6|m}} ka sarreeya heerka badda. Celceliska heerkulka sannadlaha ah waa {{convert|20.8|C}} qaybaha ugu sarreeya iyo {{convert|29|C}} qaybta hoose.{{sfn|Jilo|Gebremariam|Harka|Woldemariam|2019|p=3}} Bassin-ku waa badanaa dhul-hoosaad oomane ah, oo leh heerkul iyo roob isbedbeddela.{{sfn|Jilo|Gebremariam|Harka|Woldemariam|2019|p=2}} Daboosha dhulka waxaa ka mid ah harro-da cawska ah, geedaha, iyo ciid qaawan oo leh dhir aad u yar.{{sfn|Jilo|Gebremariam|Harka|Woldemariam|2019|p=5}} Bassin-ku wuxuu la il daran yahay xumaanshaha daran ee ciidda iyo saxaraha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gaar ahaan qaybaha sare xilliyada roobka badan, waxaa laga yaabaa inay la kulmaan fatahaad.{{sfn|Jilo|Gebremariam|Harka|Woldemariam|2019|pp=2–3}} == Hydrology == Xilliga roobka ugu weyn waa laga bilaabo Juun ilaa Sebteembar. Xilliga abaaraha waa laga bilaabo Oktoobar ilaa Janaayo, xilliga roobka yarna waa laga bilaabo Febraayo ilaa Maajo. Celceliska roobka sannadlaha ah wuxuu u dhexeeyaa {{convert|1600|mm}} buuraleyda ilaa {{convert|160|mm}} dhulka hoose.{{sfn|Jilo|Gebremariam|Harka|Woldemariam|2019|p=3}} == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist |25em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |title=Evaluation of the Impacts of Climate Change on Sediment Yield from the Logiya Watershed, Lower Awash Basin, Ethiopia |journal=[[Hydrology (MDPI journal)|Hydrology]] |year=2019 |volume=6 |issue=3 |doi=10.3390/hydrology6030081 |last1=Jilo |first1=Nura Boru |last2=Gebremariam |first2=Bogale |last3=Harka |first3=Arus Edo |last4=Woldemariam |first4=Gezahegn Weldu |last5=Behulu |first5=Fiseha |page=81 }} *{{citation |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/704159531#map=14/11.7198/40.9989 |access-date=2020-12-24 |title=Way: Logiya (704159531) |ref={{harvid|OpenStreetMap}} |work=OpenStreetMap}} *{{citation |url=http://213.55.95.56/bitstream/handle/123456789/2648/Yidenkachew%20Argaw.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |access-date=2020-12-25 |first=Yidenkachew |last=Argaw |type=Thesis |date=Juun 2008 |publisher=Jaamacadda Addis Ababa |title=Flood Frequency Analysis for Lower Awash Subbasin [tributaries from Northern Wollo High Lands] using Swat 2005 Model}} {{refend}} q0gw6enlfex9cojjaeh342z5pyh58xl 0 49083 302089 2026-07-13T07:09:34Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Mille | image = Mille river.svg | image_caption = Khariidada Itoobiya oo muujinaysa Webiga Mille | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|11|26|44|N|40|56|38|E}} | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobollada Itoobiya|Gobollada]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Amxaarada|Amxaarada]], [[Gobolka Cafarta|Cafarta]] | source1 = [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] | source1_elevation = {{cvt|2514|m}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|11|10|30|N|39|41|54|E|display=it}} | mouth = [[Biyo-xireenka Tendaho]] | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|412|m}} | length = {{cvt|215|km}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941}}</ref> | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|3.13|m3/s}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|27.73|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|152.25|m3/s}} | progression = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] → [[Harada Abbe]] | river_system = Bassin-ka Awaash | basin_size = {{cvt|5834|km2}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | basin_population = 817,000<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> }}{{Short description|Wabi ku yaal Itoobiya}} '''Webiga Mille''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Itoobiya]] waana wabi laamoodka [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]]. Wuxuu qulquliyaa qaybo ka mid ah [[Aagga Wollo ee Waqooyi|Semien (Waqooyi) Wollo]] iyo [[Aagga Wollo ee Koonfurta|Debub (Koonfur) Wollo]] ee [[Gobolka Amxaarada]], iyo sidoo kale [[Aagga Maamulka 4 (Cafarta)|Aagga Maamulka 4]] ee [[Gobolka Cafarta]]. Sahamiyaha [[L.M. Nesbitt]], oo ku safray aagga 1928, ayaa la dhacay cabbirkiisa, wuxuuna Mille ku sifeeyay "malaha wabiga kaliya ee dhabta ah ee ku biira Awaash".<ref>Nesbitt, ''Hell-Hole of Creation: The Exploration of Abyssinian Danakil'' (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1935), p. 201</ref> [[Webiga Ala]] (A'ura) iyo [[Webiga Golima]] (Golina) waa wabiyaal laamood yaryar oo Mille ah.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=cpBeAAAAcAAJ&dq=map+golima+river&pg=PA67 Routes in Abyssinia 1867], Education Society Press, Bombay</ref> Webiga Mille wuxuu ka kacdaa [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] galbeedka [[Sulula]] ee [[degmada]] [[Tehuledere]] ee [[Gobolka Amxaarada]]. Wuxuu marka hore u qulqulaa waqooyi, ka dibna wuxuu u leexdaa dhanka bari si uu ugu biiro Awaash meesha ku beegan {{coord|11|25|N|40|58|E}}. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Qoraallo == {{reflist}} s44j91gvazr00ko5bxnzj2htzrn8q78 0 49084 302090 2026-07-13T07:11:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Borkana | native_name = {{native name list|tag1=om|name1=Tshaffa|tag2=am|name2=ቦርከና ወንዝ}} | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|10|41|03|N|40|27|10|E}} | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobollada Itoobiya|Gobollada]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Amxaarada|Amxaarada]], [[Gobolka Cafarta|Cafarta]] | cities = Dessie, [[Kombolcha]], [[Kemise]] | source1_location = Meel u dhow [[Dessie]] | source1_elevation = {{cvt|2745|m}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|11|14|26|N|39|36|50|E|display=it}} | source1 = [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] | mouth = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|556|m}} | length = {{cvt|185|km}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941}}</ref> | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|1.38|m3/s}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|14.35|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|80.8|m3/s}} | progression = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] → [[Harada Abbe]] | river_system = Bassin-ka Awaash | basin_size = {{cvt|3279|km2}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | basin_population = 1,200,000<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> }} '''Webiga Borkana''' waa wabi ku yaal bartamaha [[Itoobiya]]. Waa wabi laamoodka dhanka bidix ka xiga [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]]. [[Johann Ludwig Krapf]] wuxuu diiwaangeliyay in dadka maxalliga ah ee [[Oromo]] ay u yaqaaneen "Tshaffa".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Isenberg |first=Charles William |title=Journals of the Rev. Messrs. Isenberg and Krapf, missionaries of the Church missionary society, detailing their proceedings in the kingdom of Shoa, and journeys in other parts of Abyssinia, in the years 1839, 1840, 1841, and 1842 |last2=Krapf |first2=J. L. (Johann Ludwig) |last3=MacQueen |first3=James |date=1843 |publisher=London : Seeley |location=US}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} go247xbt51ywp0ko9af5ydql4igpo42 0 49085 302091 2026-07-13T07:12:57Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Hawadi | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | length_km = 48|length_ref=<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941}}</ref> | source1_elevation = {{cvt|1303|m}} | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|662|m}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|0.885|m3/s}} | basin_size_km2 = 429|basin_size_ref=<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|9|51|30|N|40|15|21|E}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobollada Itoobiya|Gobollada]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Cafarta|Cafarta]], [[Gobolka Amxaarada|Amxaarada]] | source1_coordinates = {{coord|9|50|08|N|40|02|58|E|display=it}} | source1 = [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] | mouth = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|0.083|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|4.7|m3/s}} | progression = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] → [[Harada Abbe]] | river_system = Bassin-ka Awaash | basin_population = 3,130<ref>Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> }} '''Webiga Hawadi''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Itoobiya]]. Waa wabi laamoodka [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]]. == Tixraacyo == <references /> co77o8otj67r0750rpdx1pfp6347e0d 0 49086 302092 2026-07-13T07:14:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Kabenna | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|9|15|27|N|40|05|31|E}} | other_name = Kuba | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobollada Itoobiya|Gobollada]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Amxaarada|Amxaarada]], [[Gobolka Cafarta|Cafarta]] | source1 = [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] | source1_elevation = {{cvt|3344|m}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|9|40|16|N|39|44|21|E|display=it}} | mouth = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|748|m}} | length = {{cvt|94|km}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941}}</ref> | discharge1_max = {{cvt|22.5|m3/s}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|4.05|m3/s}} | discharge1_min = {{cvt|0.484|m3/s}} | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | progression = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] → [[Harada Abbe]] | river_system = Bassin-ka Awaash | basin_size = {{cvt|1357|km2}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | basin_population = 228,000<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> }} '''Kabenna''' waa wabi ku yaal bartamaha [[Itoobiya]]. Waa wabi laamoodka [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] ee dhanka galbeed, isagoo isha ku haya dhanka koonfur-galbeed ee [[Ankobar]]. [[G.W.B. Huntingford]] wuxuu ku qiyaasay inuu noqon karo isla wabigii Kuba, kaas oo lagu soo xusay ''[[Futuh al-Habasha]]'' ("Qabsashadii Xabashida"), oo ah sheeko ku saabsan qabsashadii [[Imaam]] [[Axmed Ibin Ibraahim Al-Qaasi]] uu ku qabsaday [[Boqortooyadii Itoobiya]].<ref>Huntingford, ''The historical geography of Ethiopia from the first century AD to 1704'', (Oxford University Press: 1989), p. 123</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 6grj1lzo0brv3tkh6ktxibs53q74dz3 0 49087 302093 2026-07-13T07:16:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Germama | fetchwikidata = Q2715908 | source1_elevation = {{convert|1989|m|ft|abbr=on}} | source1_coordinates = {{Coord|9.1104|39.1969|display=inline|format=dms}} | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|9.2229|40.144|display=inline|format=dms}} | mouth = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] | pushpin_map = Ethiopia | other_name = Kessem, Kesem | etymology = "Kacsan" | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobollada Itoobiya|Gobollada]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Amxaarada|Amxaarada]], [[Oromiya]], [[Gobolka Cafarta|Cafarta]] | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|754|m}} | length = {{cvt|173|km}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941}}</ref> | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|1.15|m3/s}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|13.9|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|79.8|m3/s}} | progression = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] → [[Harada Abbe]] | river_system = Bassin-ka Awaash | basin_size = {{cvt|3744|km2}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | basin_population = 640,000<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> | source1 = [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] }} '''Germama''' (ama '''Kesem''' ama '''Kessem'''), waa wabi laamoodka [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] ee ku yaal [[Itoobiya]]. Magaca ''Germama'' wuxuu ka yimid ereyga [Af-Oromo] kaas oo macnihiisu yahay "firfircoon", "kacsan", ama "ciyaar badan".<ref>[https://nai.uu.se/download/18.39fca04516faedec8b248de2/1580829011745/ORTGEN05.pdf "Local History in Ethiopia, Gena-Gerwane"] (pdf) The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 22 April 2022)</ref> Germama ma aha wabi la mari karo, wuxuuna ku qulqulaa mug weyn xilliga [[xilliga roobka]]. Waxay ka kacdaa galbeedka [[Kese Koremash]], iyadoo u qulqulaysa bari dhanka Awaash, socodkeedu wuxuu calaamadeeyaa dhowr kiiloomitir oo xuduudda waqooyi ee [[Beerta Qaranka ee Awaash]]. Webiga Kessem wuxuu maraa hoos u dhac joogga oo ka badan 2,000 m dherer qulqulaya oo qiyaastii 130 km ah.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Knoche|first=Malte|last2=Fischer|first2=Christian|last3=Pohl|first3=Eric|last4=Krause|first4=Peter|last5=Merz|first5=Ralf|title=Combined uncertainty of hydrological model complexity and satellite-based forcing data evaluated in two data-scarce semi-arid catchments in Ethiopia|journal=Journal of Hydrology|volume=519|pages=2049–2066|doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.003|year=2014|bibcode=2014JHyd..519.2049K}}</ref> Jihada jiirada leh ee wabiga waa sababta keentay qulqulkiisa kacsan, taas oo sidoo kale ka muuqata magaciisa. Dhulka hoose ee Germama sare wuxuu ahaa goobtii degmadii hore ee [[Shewa]]n ee [[Bulga, Itoobiya|Bulga]];<ref>[https://nai.uu.se/download/18.39fca04516faedec8b248c75/1580827647197/ORTBUA05.pdf "Local History in Ethiopia, Bua-Buotaro"](pdf) The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 22 April 2022)</ref> socodka hoose wuxuu qeexayaa xuduudda waqooyi ee degmada Shewan ee [[Menjar]]. [[Wasaaradda Khayraadka Biyaha]] ee Itoobiya ayaa bilowday dhismaha biyo-xireen ku yaal Germama sanadkii 2005, kaas oo gacan ka geysan lahaa waraabinta dhulalka labada dhinac ee wabiga, iyo buuraleyda Dofen iyo Kebena.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110720151731/http://www.mowr.gov.et/index.php?pagenum=4.2&pagehgt=1000px&ContentID=27 "Kesem Tendaho Narrated Report"], Ethiopian Ministry of Water Resources website, published 19 June 2007 (accessed 14 July 2009)</ref> Biyo-xireenka waa la dhammaystiray, si kastaba ha ahaatee albaabbada lagu xakameynayo biyaha si buuxda uma shaqeyn. Biyo-xireenka waa la xiray si loo xalliyo arrintan, waxaana la filayay inuu dib u bilaabo awood buuxda sanad gudihiis laga bilaabo Janaayo, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kesem Dam to Resume Operation in full Capacity Within Year |url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_3804241 |access-date=2024-12-25 |website=ENA English |language=en-US}}</ref> == Qoraallo == {{reflist}} {{coord|9.2250|N|40.0969|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} 0br5tu5pcuh10p8tb1kjz8wmsac3n23 0 49088 302094 2026-07-13T07:17:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Gololcha | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|9.047599|N|40.182413|E|format=dms}} | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobollada Itoobiya|Gobollada]] | source1_location = Kaynta Dindin | source1_elevation = {{cvt|2843|m}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|8.622966|N|40.262170|E|format=dms|display=it}} | mouth = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] | mouth_location = Meel u dhow [[Awaash, Itoobiya|Awaash]] | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|810|m}} | length = {{cvt|65|km}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941}}</ref> | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|0.311|m3/s}} | discharge1_min = {{cvt|0.037|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|1.04|m3/s}} | progression = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] → [[Harada Abbe]] | river_system = [[Webiga Awaash|Bassin-ka Awaash]] | basin_size = {{cvt|365|km2}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | basin_population = 28,000<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> | subdivision_name2 = [[Oromiya]], [[Gobolka Cafarta|Cafarta]] }} '''Webiga Gololcha''' waa wabi ku yaal bariga [[Itoobiya]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dibaba |first=A. |last2=Soromessa |first2=T. |last3=Kelbessa |first3=E. |last4=Tilahun |first4=A. |date=2014-04-10 |title=Diversity, Structure and Regeneration Status of the Woodland and Riverine Vegetation of Sire Beggo in Gololcha District, Eastern Ethiopia |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/mejs/article/view/102416 |journal=Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=70–96 |doi=10.4314/mejs.v6i1.102416 |issn=2220-184X|doi-access=free }}</ref> Wuxuu ku qulqulaa [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abagissa |first=Wudad Yazid |last2=Geremew |first2=Getachew Bereta |last3=Ayana |first3=Melkamu Teshome |last4=Ayele |first4=Elias Gebeyehu |last5=Tilahun |first5=Alemayehu Kasaye |date=2024-10-13 |title=GIS‐based surface irrigation potential assessment of Gololcha River Watershed, Awash Basin, Ethiopia |url=https://doi.org/10.1002/wwp2.12230 |journal=World Water Policy |doi=10.1002/wwp2.12230 |issn=2639-541X}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} onqejw3mg0wagwkpi6r1uxp0numrdpr 0 49089 302095 2026-07-13T07:19:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Dukem | other_name = Durkham | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|34|52|N|38|46|38|E}} | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobollada Itoobiya|Gobollada]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Oromiya]], [[Addis Ababa]] | source1 = [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] | source1_location = Buurta Yarar | source1_elevation = {{cvt|2990|m}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|8|53|58|N|38|57|37|E|display=it}} | mouth = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|1784|m}} | length = {{cvt|47|km}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941}}</ref> | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|0.368|m3/s}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|1.97|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|8.68|m3/s}} | progression = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] → [[Harada Abbe]] | river_system = Bassin-ka Awaash | basin_size = {{cvt|342|km2}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | basin_population = 196,000<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> }} '''Webiga Dukem''' waa wabi ku yaal bartamaha [[Itoobiya]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=D |first=Tegegne |last2=A |first2=Mengesha |date=2022-10-07 |title=Estimation of Owned and Street Dog Population by Quesionnire Survey and Mark-Recapture Method in Three Urban Areas: Bishoftu, Dukem and Modjo Towns |url=https://austinpublishinggroup.com/veterinary-science-research/fulltext/avsah-v9-id1105.php |journal=Austin Journal of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry}}</ref> Waa wabiga loogu magac daray magaalada [[Dukem]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fortune |first=(Addis) |title=Dukem Aspires for New Master Plan Amid Officials Squabbling |url=https://addisfortune.news/dukem-aspires-for-new-master-plan-amid-officials-squabbling/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> Waa wabi laamoodka [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]]. == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 3rdj90ii8jjppitb9o6wtafp91m89c0 0 49090 302096 2026-07-13T07:21:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Keleta | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | source1_location = [[Buurta Chilalo]] | mouth_location = | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | length_km = 70|length_ref=<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941}}</ref> | source1_elevation = {{cvt|3583|m}} | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|1344|m}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|4.79|m3/s}} | basin_size_km2 = 933|basin_size_ref=<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|25|5|N|39|27|1|E}} | other_name = Geleta | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobollada Itoobiya|Gobol]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Oromiya]] | source1_coordinates = {{coord|7|55|34|N|39|17|36|E|display=it}} | source1 = [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] | mouth = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|1.44|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|15.9|m3/s}} | progression = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] → [[Harada Abbe]] | river_system = Bassin-ka Awaash | basin_population = 273,000<ref>Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> }} '''Keleta''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Itoobiya]]. Wuxuu ka soo bilowdaa meel u dhow buuraleyda Chilalo wuxuuna ku qulqulaa [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Ethiopian Geographical Journal |date=1967 |publisher=Mapping and Geography Institute |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Ethiopian_Geographical_Journal/R1Zq67g1xR4C?hl=en |access-date=25 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} j1yahk2p76rnpj4ljc4q3o2g4zjldgl 0 49091 302097 2026-07-13T07:22:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Akaki | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|37|18|N|38|45|7|E}} | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobollada Itoobiya|Gobollada]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Oromiya]], [[Addis Ababa]] | cities = Addis Ababa, [[Sendafa]] | source1 = [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] iyadoo loo marayo Webiga Sendafa | source1_location = Berek Terara/Buurta Rufi | source1_elevation = {{cvt|3183|m}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|9|12|52|N|38|59|38|E|display=it}} | mouth = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|1811|m}} | length = {{cvt|108|km}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941}}</ref> | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|10.4|m3/s}} | discharge1_min = {{cvt|1.43|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|49.4|m3/s}} | progression = [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]] → [[Harada Abbe]] | river_system = Bassin-ka Awaash | basin_size = {{cvt|1682|km2}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | basin_population = 7,080,000<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> | waterbodies = Biyo-xireenka Aba-Samuel, Biyo-xireenka Legedadi | tributaries_left = Webiga Sendafa }} '''Akaki''' waa wabi ku yaal bartamaha [[Addis Ababa]], [[Itoobiya]]. Waa wabi laamoodka dhanka midig ka xiga [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]]. [[Webiga Akaki]] waxa uu ka mid yahay wabiyada ugu waaweyn ee [[Addis Ababa]], oo ah caasimadda Itoobiya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dad badan ayaan dareemin sababtoo ah kaynta cufan ee ku hareeraysan, iyo xiisaha oo u muuqda inuu ka lumay maadaama uu ka madhan yahay noolaha wabiga caadiga ah, dhirta dhinacyaduna ay ku kooban yihiin haramaha ama geedaha ku yaal banka wabiga. Laba wabi oo yaryar ayaa ku biira Akaki oo ku yaal biyo-xireenka Aba-Samuel.<ref name="Akaki">{{cite web|title=Akaki River|url=http://www.gadaa.com/AkakiRiver.html|publisher=Gadaa|accessdate=30 January 2013}}</ref> Labadan wabi waa Akaki-ga Yar iyo Akaki-ga Weyn; kii hore wuxuu ku yaal dhanka galbeed ee Akaki, kan dambena wuxuu ku yaal bariga. == Wasakhowga == Magaalada [[Addis Ababa]] ayaa ka dhigatay Akaki meel ay ku qubto qashinka. Tani waxay khatar gelinaysaa dadka reer miyiga ah ee ku nool hareeraha magaalada maadaama Akaki uu u yahay ilo biyo cabitaan ah. == Noolaha Shimbiraha == Akaki wuxuu muhiim u yahay noocyo badan oo shimbiro ah. Dhulka qoyan ee Akaki–Aba-Samuel ayaa waxaa aqoonsaday [[Birdlife International]] inay yihiin goob muhiim ah oo ay ku nastaan noocyada shimbiraha socdaalka ah ee xilliga jiilaalka. Dhulka qoyan waxaa la og yahay inay taageeraan ilaa 20,000 oo shimbiro biyood ah.<ref name=Akaki/> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} mxa3fhlrjx635enyhzezbr55v9x68k8 0 49092 302098 2026-07-13T07:24:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Dechatu | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|11|6|42|N|41|43|3|E}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941}}</ref> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | cities = [[Dire Dawa]] | source1 = [[Buuraleyda Ahmar]] | source1_elevation = {{cvt|2085|m}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|9|27|59|N|41|47|13|E|display=it}} | mouth = [[Harada Abbe]] (dariiqii wabiga) | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|247|m}} | length = {{cvt|359|km}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|8.27|m3/s}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|82.6|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|211|m3/s}} | river_system = Bassin-ka Harada Abbe | basin_size = {{cvt|21165|km2}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> }} '''Webiga Dechatu''' waa wabi ku yaal bariga [[Itoobiya]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adane |first=Girma Berhe |last2=Kassa |first2=Asfaw Kebede |last3=Toni |first3=Abebe Teklu |last4=Tekle |first4=Shewandagn Lemma |date=2022-05-31 |title=Spatial runoff estimation under different land uses and rainfall frequencies: case of flood-prone Dechatu River Catchment, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12517-022-10360-7 |journal=Arabian Journal of Geosciences |language=en |volume=15 |issue=11 |pages=1092 |doi=10.1007/s12517-022-10360-7 |issn=1866-7538}}</ref> Wuxuu ka soo bilowdaa [[Buuraleyda Ahmar]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhanka waqooyi isagoo sii mara magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn dalka, [[Dire Dawa]], dhanka [[Webiga Awaash|Awaash]]. Wabigu wuxuu u muuqdaa inuu ku lumo bannaanka Cantur (Buren Meda) ee waqooyiga Dire Dawa, halka dariiqiisa wabigu uu ku dhex maro buuraha si uu u gaaro [[Harada Abbe]] isagoo ku samaynaya nooca loo yaqaan 'fan delta'.<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> == Fatahaadaha == Wabigu wuxuu fatahaa xilliyada qaarkood inta u dhaxaysa bilaha Juun ilaa Sebtembar ee xilliga roobka. Sanadkii 2005, qiyaastii 200 oo qof ayaa ku dhintay biyaha fatahaadda iyo yaxaasyada. Fatahaad dhacday bishii Ogosto 2006 ayaa dishay ugu yaraan 300 oo qof, oo ay ku jiraan 200 oo ku sugnaa magaalada Dire Dawa. Magaaladu waxay soo gaartay waxyeello ba'an, kumanaan ka mid ah dadkii degganaa ayaana barakacay. Kaabayaashii isgaarsiinta ayaa waxyeelloobay, waxaana go'ay wadadii ugu weyneyd ee tagi jirtay caasimadda [[Addis Ababa]].<ref name ="BBC">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5251768.stm Hundreds lost in Ethiopia flood], [[BBC News]], August 7, 2006</ref> 24-kii Abriil 2020, iyadoo ay sababtay roobab mahiigaan ah oo ka da'ay dhanka sare ee biyo-qabashada, fatahaaddii wabiga Dechatu ayaa dishay afar qof waxayna laba qof oo kale u gaysatay dhaawacyo culus, iyadoo qaaday in ka badan soddon guri. == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} 2igswpa5qx3zkybh4qjwyjhk1pw9p1i 0 49093 302099 2026-07-13T07:26:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Meki | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|4|8|N|38|52|53|E}} | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobollada Itoobiya|Gobollada]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Itoobiya ee Bartamaha|CERS]], [[Oromiya]] | cities = [[Meki]] | source1 = [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] | source1_location = Kaynta Deldo | source1_elevation = {{cvt|3345|m}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|8|13|41|N|38|18|56|E|display=it}} | mouth = [[Harada Ziway]] | mouth_location = Koonfurta [[Meki]] | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|1635|m}} | length = {{cvt|127|km}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941}}</ref> | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|6.17|m3/s}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|28.3|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|99.1|m3/s}} | river_system = Bassin-ka Meki | basin_size = {{cvt|2490|km2}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | basin_population = 1,220,000<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> | tributaries_right = Weja }} '''Meki''' waa wabi ku yaal bartamaha [[Oromiya]], Itoobiya. Wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Hora-Dambal]]. [[O.G.S. Crawford]] wuxuu Meki ku aqoonsaday wabi ku yaal khariidad la sawiray sanadkii 1662 (halkaas oo loogu magac daray "Machy") si loo muujiyo taariikhda [[Manuel de Almeida]] ee Itoobiya. Crawford wuxuu sharxayaa in khariidad-sameeyuhu uu ka bartay wabigan wadaaddadii Jesuit-ka ahaa ee ku noolaa Itoobiya xilligii Boqor [[Susenyos ee Itoobiya|Susenyos]].<ref>O.G.S. Crawford, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1789985 "Some Medieval Theories about the Nile", ''Geographical Journal''], '''114''' (1949), p. 19f</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == <references/> t1xrprurj3d7v0kt6ltdpxhfg6vdwqs 0 49094 302101 2026-07-13T07:27:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Katar | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|2|2.04|N|38|56|29.972|E}} | other_name = Ketar | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobollada Itoobiya|Gobol]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Oromiya]] | cities = [[Ogolcho]] | source1 = [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] | source1_location = Buurta Encuolo | source1_elevation = {{cvt|3667|m}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|7|22|37|N|39|21|33|E|display=it}} | length = {{cvt|113|km}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last1=Lehner |first1=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |bibcode=2008EOSTr..89...93L |issn=0096-3941}}</ref> | mouth = [[Harada Ziway]] | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|1643|m}} | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|6.82|m3/s}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|23.6|m3/s}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|74.6|m3/s}} | river_system = Bassin-ka Katar | basin_size = {{cvt|3397.8|km2|0|adj=ri0}} | subdivision_type3 = [[Liiska aagagga Itoobiya|Aag]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Aagga Arsi|Arsi]] | basin_population = 1,220,000<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> }} '''Webiga Katar''' waa wabi ku yaal bartamaha [[Itoobiya]]. Wuxuu ka soo bilowdaa jiirarka barafaysan ee [[Buurta Kaka]] iyo [[Buurta Badda]] ee [[Aagga Arsi]]. [[Wabi laamoodka]] Katar waxaa ka mid ah [[Webiga Gonde]]. Jiirada wabigu guud ahaan waa mid taagan, meelaha ku habboon waraabintuna waa kuwo tiro yar oo aad u kooban. Isagoo leh biyo-qabasho dhan 3,398&nbsp;km², Katar wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Harada Ziway]]. Waa wabiga ugu weyn ee ku shubma Harada Ziway.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yersaw |first1=Babur Tesfaye |last2=Chane |first2=Mulusew Bezabih |last3=Yitayew |first3=Natnael Andualem |date=2024-05-11 |title=Performance evaluation of varies climate models using observed and regional climate models for the Katar Watershed, Ethiopia |journal=Environmental Systems Research |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=14 |doi=10.1186/s40068-024-00345-8 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2024EnvSR..13...14Y |issn=2193-2697}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} dt971eorzlvhw6h8q051n0zgpynn3pe 0 49095 302102 2026-07-13T07:31:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Kibish | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Ethiopia | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu afka ka galo Itoobiya | pushpin_map_alt = | subdivision_type1 = Dalal | subdivision_name1 = [[Kenya]], [[Itoobiya]], [[Koonfur Suudaan]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{cvt|260.1|km|0|adj=ri0}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941}}</ref> | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|12.643|m3/s|sigfig=4|adj=ri2}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|24.56|m3/s|sigfig=4}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|35.971|m3/s|sigfig=4|adj=ri2}} | source1 = [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] | source1_location = Buurta Maji | source1_coordinates = {{coord|6|8|30|N|35|35|14|E|display=it}} | source1_elevation = {{cvt|2256|m}} | mouth = [[Harada Turkana]] (mararka qaarkood) | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|4|37|42|N|35|58|25|E}} | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|370|m}} | progression = | river_system = Bassin-ka Kibish | basin_size = {{cvt|12045.9|km2|0|adj=ri0}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = 57,300<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = Lopoch swamp | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Kibish''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfurta [[Itoobiya]], kaas oo qeexaya qayb ka mid ah xuduuda dalkaas uu la wadaago [[Koonfur Suudaan]] iyo Kenya. Wuxuu u qulqulaa dhanka [[Harada Turkana]], in kasta oo sanadaha qaarkood aanu lahayn mug ku filan oo uu ku gaaro, sida uu ogaaday C.W. Gwynn sanadkii 1908.<ref>C. W. Gwynn, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1778701 "A Journey in Southern Abyssinia"], ''[[Geographical Journal]]'', '''38''' (August 1911), p.&nbsp;125</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Omo Kibish]] *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 0p3tzrth2r0mg4up1eies56xc6frgof 0 49096 302103 2026-07-13T07:34:05Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Omo | image = Omo River 02.jpg | image_caption = Webiga Omo oo u dhow Omorati | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|4|29|48.8|N|36|0|49.7|E}} | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = Itoobiya | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobollada Itoobiya|Gobollada]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Itoobiya ee Koonfurta]], [[Oromiya]] | source1 = [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] | source1_elevation = {{cvt|2281|m}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|7|48|43|N|36|53|56|E|display=it}} | mouth = [[Harada Turkana]] | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|388|m}} | length = {{cvt|1104.5|km|0|adj=ri0}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|164.633|m3/s|adj=ri1|sigfig=4}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|915.505|m3/s|adj=ri1|sigfig=4}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|2294.512|m3/s|adj=ri0|sigfig=4}} | river_system = Bassin-ka Omo | basin_population = 15,500,000<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> | tributaries_left = [[Webiga Gibe|Gibe]], [[Webiga Usno|Usno]], [[Webiga Wabe|Wabe]] | tributaries_right = [[Webiga Gojeb|Gojeb]], [[Webiga Denchya|Denchya]], [[Webiga Mui|Mui]], [[Webiga Mantsa|Mantsa]], [[Webiga Zigina|Zigina]] | basin_size = {{cvt|86657.2|km2|0|adj=ri0}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> }}{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | WHS = Dooxada Hoose ee Omo | image = | caption = | ID = 17 | coordinates = {{coord|4|48|N|35|58|E|format=dms}} | locmapin = Itoobiya | map_caption = |Criteria={{UNESCO WHS type|(iii)(iv)}}(iii)(iv)|Location=[[Itoobiya]]|Year=1980}} '''Webiga Omo''' (Af-Amxaari: ኦሞ ወንዝ; oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Omo-Bottego) oo ku yaal koonfurta Itoobiya waa wabiga ugu weyn ee Itoobiya ee ka baxsan [[Bassin-ka Niil|Bassin-ka Niil]]. Waddadiisa oo dhan waxay ku dhex jirtaa xuduudaha Itoobiya, wuxuuna ku shubmaa [[Harada Turkana]] oo ku taal [[Xuduuda Itoobiya iyo Kenya|xuduudda Kenya]]. Wabigu waa durdurka ugu weyn ee [[Bassin-ka Turkana]], oo ah [[bassin-ka qulqulka gudaha]] ah. Bassin-ka wabiga ayaa caan ku ah tirada badan ee haraaga [[hominid]]-ka hore iyo natiijooyinka cilmi-baarista qadiimiga ah sida qalabka dhagaxa ah ee hore, taas oo keentay in lagu daro [[UNESCO]] [[Liiska Dhaxalka Adduunka]] sanadkii 1980.<ref name = "unesco">{{cite web |url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/17 |title = Lower Valley of the Omo |website = UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher = United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization |access-date = 18 September 2021}}</ref> == Juqraafi == [[Image:Omo river delta.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Webiga Omo Delta]] Webiga Omo wuxuu ku samaysmaa isku darka [[Webiga Gibe]], oo ah kan ugu weyn guud ahaan wabi laamoodka Webiga Omo, iyo [[Webiga Gojeb]], oo ah wabi laamood weyn oo dhanka midig ka ah Omo.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://etd.aau.edu.et/server/api/core/bitstreams/97c95d07-ed80-460f-bcfc-167ddfd78fe6/content |title = Impact of Land use Land cover change on Stream flow (Case Study Gilgel Gibe III) |website = Addis Abeba University |publisher = Addis Abeba University - Institute of Technology School of Garaduate Studies Department of Civil Engineering |access-date = 9 November 2025}}</ref> Marka la eego cabbirkooda, dhererkooda iyo waddooyinkooda, qofku wuxuu u qaadan karaa in Omo iyo Gibe ay yihiin hal wabi oo isku mid ah laakiin leh magacyo kala duwan. Sidaa darteed, dhammaan bassin-ka wabiga waxaa mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan ''Bassin-ka Webiga Omo-Gibe''. Bassin-kan wabigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay qayb ka mid ah galbeedka [[Gobolka Oromiya]] iyo dhexda [[Gobolka Qoomiyadaha, Qowmiyadaha iyo Shucuubta Koonfureed]].<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941}}</ref> Waddadiisu guud ahaan waa dhanka koonfureed, in kasta oo uu leeyahay leexasho weyn oo dhanka galbeed ah qiyaastii 7° N 37° 30' E ilaa ku dhawaad 36° E halkaas oo uu u leexdo dhanka koonfureed ilaa 5° 30' N halkaas oo uu ka samaynayo leexasho S-ah oo weyn ka dibna dib u bilaabaya waddadiisa koonfureed ee ku socota Harada Turkana. Sida laga soo xigtay agabka ay daabacday [[Wakaaladda Tirakoobka Dhexe (Itoobiya)]], Webiga Omo-Bottego waa {{convert|760|km}} dherer.<ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=184&format=raw&Itemid=466 "Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)"], Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)</ref> Waddadiisa Omo-Bottego wuxuu guud ahaan ka dhacaa ku dhawaad {{convert|700|m}} min isku darka wabiyada Gibe iyo Wabe oo jooga {{convert|1060|m}} ilaa {{convert|360|m}} oo ah heerka harada, sidaas darteedna waa durdur xawaare ku socda qaybihiisa sare, isagoo ka jaban Kokobi iyo dhaca kale, waxaana la dhex mari karaa oo keliya masaafo gaaban oo ka sarreysa halka uu ku shubmo Harada Turkana, oo ka mid ah harooyinka [[Gregory Rift]]. ''Spectrum Guide to Ethiopia'' wuxuu ku tilmaamay inay tahay goob caan ku ah [[white-water rafting]] bilaha Sebtembar iyo Oktoobar, marka wabigu weli sarreeyo xilliga roobka.<ref>Camerapix (2000), p. 262</ref> Wabi laamoodkiisa ugu muhiimsan waa [[Webiga Gibe]]; wabi laamoodyada yaryar waxaa ka mid ah wabiyada [[Webiga Wabe|Wabi]], [[Webiga Denchya|Denchya]], [[Webiga Gojeb|Gojeb]], [[Webiga Mui|Mui]] iyo [[Webiga Usno|Usno]]. Webiga Omo-Bottego wuxuu sameeyay xuduudaha bari ee boqortooyooyinkii hore ee [[Boqortooyada Janjero|Janjero]], iyo [[Boqortooyada Garo|Garo]]. Omo wuxuu kaloo dhex maraa [[Beerta Qaranka ee Mago|Mago]] iyo [[Beerta Qaranka ee Omo|Beerta Qaranka ee Omo]], kuwaas oo caan ku ah duurjoogta.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=281|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> Xayawaanno badan ayaa ku nool agagaarka iyo wabiga, oo ay ku jiraan [[qiiro-biyoodka|qiiro-biyoodka]], [[yaxaasyada]] iyo [[Bitis arietans|puff adders]]. == Natiijooyinka qadiimiga ah == [[File:Lower Valley of the Omo-138523.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Webiga Omo oo laga gudbayo]] Dhammaan bassin-ka wabiga Omo ayaa sidoo kale muhiim u ah juqraafi ahaan iyo qadiimi ahaan. In ka badan 50,000 oo haraaga fosil ah ayaa laga aqoonsaday dooxada hoose, oo ay ku jiraan 230 haraaga hominid oo soo laabtay ilaa [[Pliocene]] iyo [[Pleistocene]].<ref name = "Alemseged">{{cite journal |last1=Alemseged |first1=Z |title=An integrated approach to taphonomy and faunal change in the Shungura Formation (Ethiopia) and its implication for hominid evolution |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |date=April 2003 |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=451–478 |doi=10.1016/S0047-2484(03)00012-5|pmid=12727463 }}</ref> Haraaga fosil ee ka tirsan jinsiga ''[[Australopithecus]]'' iyo ''[[Homo (genus)|Homo]]'' ayaa laga helay dhowr goobood oo qadiimi ah, iyo sidoo kale qalab laga sameeyay [[quartzite]], kuwa ugu da'da weyn oo soo laabta ku dhawaad 2.4 milyan oo sano ka hor.<ref name = "unesco"/> Markii la helay, waxaa loo malaynayay in qalabku laga yaabo inuu qayb ka ahaa waxa loogu yeero warshadaha pre-Oldowan, xitaa mid ka primitive badan wixii laga helay [[Olduvai Gorge]]. Cilmi-baaris dambe ayaa muujisay in muuqaalka cayriin ee qalabku uu dhab ahaantii sababay qalab cayriin oo aad u liita, iyo in farsamooyinka la isticmaalay iyo qaababku ay oggolaadaan in lagu daro [[Oldowan]]. Dahfurka qadiimiga ah ee ugu horreeyay ee aagga ayaa ahaa 1901, oo ay samaysay duullimaad Faransiis ah. Dahfurka ugu muhiimsan waxaa la sameeyay mar dambe, intii u dhaxaysay 1967 iyo 1975, oo ay samaysay koox qadiimi ah oo caalami ah.<ref name="readersnatural"/> Kooxdan ayaa heshay dhowr shay oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan daanka qof ''[[Australopithecus]]'' ah, oo lagu qiyaasay inuu yahay 2.5 milyan oo sano.<ref>Crandall (2007)</ref><ref name="readersnatural"/> Qadiimiga ayaa sidoo kale helay [[Omo remains|qaybo fosil ah]] oo ka mid ah [[Olduwan]] [[hominid]]-ka laga soo bilaabo xilligii [[Pleistocene]] hore iyo ilaa xilligii [[Pliocene]]. Qalabka Quartz ayaa laga helay qaar ka mid ah haraaga ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' ee dambe ee laga helay banka wabiga.<ref name="readersnatural"/> Tan iyo markaas, qodista waxaa fuliyay koox wadajir ah oo Faransiis iyo Maraykan ah.<ref name = "Plummer">{{cite journal |last1=Plummer |first1=Thomas W. |last2=Ferraro |first2=Joseph V. |last3=Louys |first3=Julien |last4=Hertel |first4=Fritz |last5=Alemseged |first5=Zeresenay |last6=Bobe |first6=René |last7=Bishop |first7=L.C. |title=Bovid ecomorphology and hominin paleoenvironments of the Shungura Formation, lower Omo River Valley, Ethiopia |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |date=November 2015 |volume=88 |pages=108–126 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.06.006|pmid=26208956 |doi-access=free |hdl=10211.3/198525 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Marka laga soo tago fosil-ka hominid-ka hore, noocyo kala duwan oo naasley<ref name = "Plummer"/> iyo kalluun<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Trapani |first1=Josh |title=Quaternary fossil fish from the Kibish Formation, Omo Valley, Ethiopia |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |date=September 2008 |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=521–530 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.05.017|pmid=18691738 }}</ref> fosil ah ayaa laga helay gudaha Dooxada Omo.<ref name = "Alemseged"/> == Saamaynta aadanaha == [[File:Omo River Valley IMG 9888.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Dooxada Webiga Omo]] Dooxada hoose ee Omo ayaa hadda loo malaynayaa in qaar ay ahayd isgoys muddo kumanaan sano ah maadaama dhaqamo iyo kooxo qowmiyadeed kala duwan ay u guureen agagaarka gobolka, iyadoo ay jiraan tiro badan oo fosil [[Hominidae|hominid]] ah.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Lower Valley of the Omo |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/17/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> Ilaa maantadan, dadka Dooxada Hoose ee Omo, oo ay ku jiraan [[Dadka Mursi|Mursi]], [[Dadka Surma|Suri]], [[Dadka Nyangatom|Nyangatom]], [[Dadka Dizi|Dizi]] iyo Me'en, ayaa loo daraaseeyaa [[dhaqan-yari|kala duwanaanshahooda]].<ref>Hurd (2006)</ref> Sahamiye Talyaani ah [[Vittorio Bottego]] ayaa markii ugu horreysay gaaray wabiga Omo 29 Juun 1896 intii lagu jiray duullimaadkiisii labaad ee Afrika (1895–97), isagoo ku dhintay intii lagu jiray duullimaadkan 17 Maarso 1897. Webiga Omo ayaa dib loogu magacaabay Omo-Bottego si loogu sharfo isaga. [[Herbert Henry Austin]] iyo raggiisa ayaa gaaray delta-da Omo 12 Sebtembar 1898, waxayna ogaadeen in duullimaad Itoobiyaan ah, oo uu hoggaaminayay Ras [[Wolda Giyorgis]], ay horay u taageen calanka Itoobiya xeebta woqooyi ee Harada Turkana 7 Abriil. Lieutenant [[Alexander Bulatovich]] ayaa hoggaamiyay duullimaad labaad oo Itoobiyaan ah kaas oo gaaray harada 21 Agoosto 1899, wuxuuna ahaa mid siman oo burbur ah. In kasta oo ay taasi jirtay, Faransiiskii kooxda ku jiray ayaa si sax ah u sawiray markii ugu horreysay qaar badan oo ka mid ah meanders-ka delta-da Webiga Omo. Bandhiggan Webiga Omo ayaa sii jiray ilaa 1930-yadii markii khariidad-sameeyayaashii gumeysiga Talyaanigu ay sameeyeen bandhig cusub oo sax ah oo ku saabsan wabiga iyo delta-diisa.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nai.uu.se/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/o/ORTO.pdf |title= Local History in Ethiopia |access-date= 2016-05-02 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110612210605/http://www.nai.uu.se/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/o/ORTO.pdf |archive-date= 2011-06-12 |url-status= dead }} The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 1 May 2016)</ref> == Saldhigyada korontada biyaha == Waxaa jira dhowr saldhig oo koronto iyo biyo-xireenno ah oo ku yaal bassin-ka Webiga Omo kuwaas oo loogu magac daray [[Webiga Gilgel Gibe]] iyo [[Webiga Gibe]], kuwaas oo ah wabi laamoodka Webiga Omo. In kasta oo magacaabista ay xoogaa jahwareerinayso, waxay yihiin saldhigyo koronto oo asal ah iyo biyo-xireenno ku yaal Webiga Omo. === Saldhigga Korontada Gilgel Gibe II === {{main|Saldhigga Korontada Gilgel Gibe II}} [[Saldhigga Korontada Gilgel Gibe II]] {{coord|7.756492664604506|N|37.56255950100352|E}} waa [[koronto-biyood]] [[saldhig koronto]] oo ku yaal Webiga Omo oo leh awood koronto oo dhan 420 Megawatt (MW). Saldhigga korontadu wuxuu biyo ka helaa albaabka tunnel-ka {{coord|7|55|27|N|37|23|16|E|name=Gilgel Gibe II Power Station headrace tunnel entrance|display=inline}} oo ku yaal [[Webiga Gilgel Gibe]] ee nidaamka [[run-of-river]]. Albaabka tunnel-ka ayaa fadhiya dhanka hoose ee [[Biyo-xireenka Gilgel Gibe I]] sidoo kale ku yaal Webiga Gilgel Gibe oo ay la samaystaan koronto-biyood cascade ah. === Biyo-xireenka Gibe III === {{main|Biyo-xireenka Gibe III}} Biyo-xireenka Koronto-biyoodka Gibe III waa {{convert|243|m}} oo dherer ah [[roller-compacted concrete]] biyo-xireen oo leh warshad koronto-biyood oo la xiriirta Webiga Omo ee [[Itoobiya]]. Waa warshadda koronto-biyoodka ugu weyn Itoobiya oo leh awood koronto oo ku dhow 1870 Megawatt (MW), sidaas darteed in ka badan labanlaab awoodda guud ee la rakibay ee Itoobiya min heerkeedii 2007 ee 814 MW.<ref name="Gibe">[http://www.gibe3.com.et/ Gibe III Hydroelectric Project Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014013025/http://www.gibe3.com.et/ |date=2016-10-14 }}, accessed on October 17, 2009</ref><ref>[[Energy Information Administration]]:[http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/country/country_energy_data.cfm?fips=ET Ethiopia Energy Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100831140611/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/country/country_energy_data.cfm?fips=ET |date=2010-08-31 }}, accessed on October 27, 2009</ref> Khilaaf ayaa ka dhashay dhismahiisa, iyadoo dhowr NGO-yo ay samaysteen olole ay ku horjeedaan. Sida laga soo xigtay Terri Hathaway, agaasimaha barnaamijka Afrika ee [[International Rivers]], Gibe III waa "biyo-xireenka ugu burburka badan ee dhismaha ku socdo Afrika." Mashruucu wuxuu xukumi lahaa "nus milyan oo ka mid ah dadka ugu nugul gobolka gaajo iyo colaad."<ref>BBC:[https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8582682.stm Web campaign against Ethiopia Gibe III dam], 23 March 2010</ref> Koox ka mid ah ololaha caalamiga ah ayaa bilaabay codsi internet-ka ah oo ka dhan ah mashruuca biyo-xireenka Itoobiya oo ku saabsan welwelka xuquuqda aadanaha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8582682.stm|title=Web campaign against Ethiopia dam|date=2010-03-23|access-date=2018-04-13|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/5683|title=Giant dam to devastate 200,000 tribal people in Ethiopia|last=International|first=Survival|access-date=2018-04-13|language=en}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Azeb Asnake, maamulaha mashruuca Gibe III ee dawladda bixiyaha korontada, ayaa sheegay in cabbirka yaraynta la diyaariyay haddii wax dhacaan. Marka laga reebo tan, Asnake ma saadaalin wax saameyn xun oo ka dhalan kara mashruuca, isagoo ku daray in in ka badan kala bar dadka ku nool aagga ay ku tiirsan yihiin gargaarka cuntada iyo in saldhigga cusub uu lagama maarmaan yahay maadaama hadda shirkaddu ay koronto siiso oo keliya 25 boqolkiiba dadka.<ref>[http://nazret.com/blog/index.php/2009/03/30/ethiopia_gilgel_gibe_iii_managers_dismis "Ethiopia - Gilgel Gibe III managers dismiss environmental concerns"] nazret.com. 30 Mar 2009. Last accessed 22 Apr 2011.</ref> == Fatahaaddii 2006 == Roobab mahiigaan ah oo dhacay 2006 ayaa sababay in Omo uu fataho waddadiisa hoose, isagoo dilay ugu yaraan 456 qof iyo in ka badan 20,000 oo qof oo ku xayirmay intii u dhaxaysay shan maalmood oo ku dhammaaday 16 Agoosto. In kasta oo roobab mahiigaan ah ay caadi u yihiin qaybtan dalka, [[overgrazing]] iyo jarista dhirta ayaa lagu eedeeyay masiibadan. "Wabiyada Itoobiya waxay leeyihiin awood yar oo ay ku hayaan biyo inta ay la'eg yihiin sanado ka hor, sababtoo ah waxaa lagu buuxinayaa dhoobo," ayay tiri afhayeenka [[World Food Programme]] Paulette Jones. "Waxay qaadataa xoog yar oo roobab ah ... si wabiga meel kasta oo dalka ka mid ah u fataho."<ref>[http://www.zeenews.com/znnew/articles.asp?rep=2&aid=315920&sid=wor "More than 700 killed or missing in Ethiopian floods"], Zeenews.com 16 August 2006; [http://home.eircom.net/content/reuters/worldnews/8695698?view=Eircomnet "Ethiopian floods feared to have killed 870" by Tsegaye Tadesse] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312013509/http://home.eircom.net/content/reuters/worldnews/8695698?view=Eircomnet |date=2007-03-12 }}, Eircom net, 16 August 2006</ref> Fatahaadda xilliga ee Webiga Omo waa muhiim u ah kooxaha asaliga ah ee ku nool agagaarka wabiga. Fatahaaddu waxay keentaa dhoobo bacrin ah waxayna ku qoyaan bankiyada biyo, taasoo ka dhigaysa beerashada banka wabiga mid suurtogal ah. Dadka kala duwan ee ku nool hoose ee Omo—oo ay ku jiraan [[Dadka Turkana|Turkana]], [[Dadka Daasanach|Dassanach]], [[Dadka Hamar|Hamer]], [[Dadka Nyangatom|Nyangatom]], Karo, [[Dadka Kwegu|Kwegu]], [[Dadka Mursi|Mursi]], [[Dadka Bodi|Bodi]], iyo [[Dadka Me'en|Me'en]]—ayaa ka soo saara qayb weyn oo ka mid ah sahaydooda cuntada laga soo bilaabo beerashada fatahaadda.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ethiopia’s Gibe 3 Dam: Sowing Hunger and Conflict |url=http://www.internationalrivers.org/files/Gibe3FS_051509final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902191939/http://www.internationalrivers.org/files/Gibe3FS_051509final.pdf |archive-date=2009-09-02 |access-date=2009-10-17}}</ref> Fatahaaddii weynayd ee burburka ahayd ee 2006 waa tii keliya ee dhacday kontonkii sano ee la soo dhaafay. Hoos u dhaca dhawaan ku yimid heerka Harada Turkana, oo guud ahaan loo aqoonsan yahay inay hesho ku dhawaad boqolkiiba sagaashan biyaha ka imanaya qulqulka Webiga Omo, ayaa horey u sababay kor u kaca heerka cusbada. == Sidoo kale eeg == [[File:Karo woman and child.jpg|thumb|Karo woman and child near Omo River]] * [[Webiga Gibe]] * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] * [[Liiska goobaha fosil]] ''(leh tusaha xiriirka)'' * [[Omo Kibish Formation]] * [[Omo Remains]] * [[Liiska Goobaha Dhaxalka Adduunka ee Itoobiya]] == Xusuusin == {{reflist|2}} == Tixraacyo == * Butzer, Karl W. (1971). ''Recent history of an Ethiopian delta: the Omo River and the level of Lake Rudolph'', Research paper '''136''', Department of Geography, University of Chicago, 184 p., [[Library of Congress Control Number|LCCN]] 70-184080 * Camerapix (2000). ''Spectrum Guide to Ethiopia'', First American Ed., Brooklyn: Interlink, {{ISBN|1-56656-350-X}} * Crandall, Ben (2007). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20061210123834/http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/sites/africa/omoriver.html The Omo River Valley]'', eMuseum @ [[Minnesota State University, Mankato]]; website accessed 31 October 2007 * Hurd, W. (2006). "[http://www.culturalsurvival.org/ourpublications/csq/article/rangers-birth Rangers by Birth]", ''Cultural Survival Quarterly'', '''30.2''', website accessed 31 October 2007 * UNESCO World Heritage Centre (2007). ''[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/17 Lower Valley of the Omo]'', World Heritage List, website accessed 31 October 2007 * Vannutelli, L. and Citerni, C. (1899). ''Seconda spedizione Bòttego: L'Omo, viaggio d'esplorazione nell'Africa Orientale'', Milano : Hoepli, 650 p. == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons}} *[http://www.selamta.net/omo_park.htm Beerta Qaranka ee Omo] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160307222523/http://www.slidespost.com/zoom.php?id=2326 Qabiillada Afrika ee OMO] *[http://www.arwg-gibe.org/ Africa Resources Working Group Gibe III Dam Omo River] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9PUSPE_7ek8&t=4s Walking With The Mursi is an adventure/travel documentary spanning four continents as David Willing hikes 500km across Ethiopia's remote Omo Valley, home of the fascinating Mursi tribes.] {{Authority control}} co4rxj33gqhi2mgoo82m7x7jbgkjyji 0 49097 302104 2026-07-13T07:36:07Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Usno | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|27|0|N|36|13|17|E}} | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Gobollada Itoobiya|Gobol]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Qoomiyadaha, Qowmiyadaha iyo Shucuubta Koonfureed|SNNPR]] | source1 = [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] | source1_elevation = {{cvt|2195|m}} | source1_coordinates = {{coord|6|27|16|N|36|39|59|E}} | source_confluence = [[Webiga Magi|Magi]] iyo [[Webiga Neri|Neri]] | source_confluence_elevation = {{cvt|403|m}} | source_confluence_coordinates = {{coord|5|36|12|N|36|13|44|E|display=it}} | mouth = [[Webiga Omo|Omo]] | mouth_elevation = {{cvt|391|m}} | length = {{cvt|159|km}}<ref name="HydroSHEDS">{{Cite journal |last=Lehner |first=Bernhard |last2=Verdin |first2=Kristine |last3=Jarvis |first3=Andy |date=2008-03-04 |title=New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=89 |issue=10 |pages=93–94 |doi=10.1029/2008eo100001 |issn=0096-3941}}</ref> | discharge1_location = Afka<ref name="HydroSHEDS" /> | discharge1_min = {{cvt|8.99|m3/s|sigfig=4}} | discharge1_avg = {{cvt|25.892|m3/s|adj=ri2|sigfig=4}} | discharge1_max = {{cvt|39.291|m3/s|adj=ri2|sigfig=4}} | progression = [[Webiga Omo|Omo]] → [[Harada Turkana]] | river_system = Bassin-ka Omo | basin_size = {{cvt|5530|km2}} | basin_population = 378,000<ref> Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2023). GlobPOP: A 31-year (1990-2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10088105</ref> | tributaries_left = [[Webiga Neri|Neri]] | tributaries_right = [[Webiga Magi|Magi]] }} '''Webiga Usno''' waa [[wabi laamoodka]] [[Webiga Omo|Webiga Omo]] ee ku yaal [[Itoobiya]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carr |first=Claudia J. |date=April 1998 |title=Patterns of vegetation along the Omo River in southwest Ethiopia |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1009704427916 |journal=Plant Ecology |language=en |volume=135 |issue=2 |pages=138 |doi=10.1023/A:1009704427916 |issn=1385-0237}}</ref> Wuxuu ku samaysmaa isku darka wabiyada [[Webiga Magi|Magi]] iyo [[Webiga Neri|Neri]], wuxuuna u qulqulaa dhanka koonfureed isagoo dhaafaya [[Buuraha Nyalibong]] ka hor inta uusan gelin Omo. Ku dhawaad dhammaan waddada Usno waxay ku dhex jirtaa xuduudaha [[Beerta Qaranka ee Mago]]. == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} p5848477c72mwo78ohv81zsn7s0js98 0 49098 302105 2026-07-13T07:37:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302105 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Mago''' (ama '''Webiga Magi''') waa wabi ku yaal koonfurta [[Itoobiya]].<ref name="o370">{{cite web | title=Mago National Park | website=Enhanced Management and Enforcement of Ethiopia&#039;s Protected Area Estate | date=2022-04-14 | url=https://ethiopias-elephants.com/mago-national-park/ | access-date=2025-02-16}}</ref><ref name="y406">{{cite web | title=Mago National Park | website=Lonely Planet | url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/ethiopia/mago-national-park/attractions/mago-national-park/a/poi-sig/1317460/1330747 | access-date=2025-02-16}}</ref><ref name="b883">{{cite web | title=Environment, Mursi Online | website=Durham University | date=2017-11-03 | url=https://www.mursi.org/introducing-the-mursi/environment | access-date=2025-02-16}}</ref><ref name="t835">{{cite book | last=Carr | first=Claudia J. | title=River Basin Development and Human Rights in Eastern Africa — A Policy Crossroads | publisher=Springer | publication-place=Cham | date=2017-01-05 | isbn=978-3-319-50469-8 | page=236}}</ref> Wuxuu gabi ahaanba ku yaal [[Aagga Debub Omo]] ee [[Gobolka Qoomiyadaha, Qowmiyadaha iyo Shucuubta Koonfureed]]. Wuxuu ku biiraa [[Webiga Neri]] si uu u sameeyo [[Webiga Usno]], oo ah wabi laamoodka [[Webiga Omo|Webiga Omo]]. Agagaarka qayb ka mid ah wabiga waa [[Beerta Qaranka ee Mago]].<ref name="o370"/><ref name="y406"/> [[Dadka Mursi|Dadka Mursi]] waxay ku nool yihiin wabiga agtiisa.<ref name="b883"/> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] pzw44c1kzjzi7z34hi1ecibh4om9ib7 0 49099 302106 2026-07-13T07:39:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302106 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Neri''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfurta [[Itoobiya]]. Wuxuu yahay [[wabi laamoodka]] [[Webiga Mago]], kaas oo isaguna ah wabi laamoodka [[Webiga Omo (Itoobiya)|Webiga Omo]]. == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] 3s5pstgwey5uri14zwmaff279agxg5b 0 49100 302107 2026-07-13T07:41:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mui''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfurta [[Itoobiya]].<ref name="t835">{{cite book | last=Carr | first=Claudia J. | title=River Basin Development and Human Rights in Eastern Africa — A Policy Crossroads | publisher=Springer | publication-place=Cham | date=2017-01-05 | isbn=978-3-319-50469-8 | page=61}}</ref> Waxa uu ku yaal gudaha [[Beerta Qaranka ee Omo]], waana wabi laamoodka [[Webiga Omo (Itoobiya)|Webiga Omo]] dhanka midig, waxaana uu ku biiraa durdurka weyn ee {{coord|5|51|27|N|35|58|9|E|display=inline,title|region:ET_type:river}}. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} m8z91zenxmottiuh0i9gfp43oczr2o3 0 49101 302108 2026-07-13T07:43:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302108 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Mantsa''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfurta [[Itoobiya]]. Waa wabi laamoodka u qulqula dhanka koonfureed ee [[Webiga Omo (Itoobiya)|Webiga Omo]], wuxuuna ku galaa dhanka midig ee bangiga {{coord|6|42|28|N|36|55|52|E|display=inline,title|region:ET_type:river}}. == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] ttfo23efejwkc4tj3bvzmt9y3s6ecmw 0 49102 302109 2026-07-13T07:45:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Zigina | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Itoobiya | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu ka galo | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|42|27|N|36|41|29|E|display=inline,title|region:ET_type:river}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Zigina''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfurta Itoobiya. Waa wabi laamoodka u qulqula dhanka koonfureed ee [[Webiga Omo (Itoobiya)|Webiga Omo]], wuxuuna ku galaa dhanka midig ee bangiga.<ref>Google Maps</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 7s55pr26i0qugewg99yt9xvdhdlxpp8 302110 302109 2026-07-13T07:45:58Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Zigina | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_alt = | pushpin_map = Ethiopia | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Goobta uu ka galo | pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|42|27|N|36|41|29|E|display=inline,title|region:ET_type:river}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Zigina''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfurta Itoobiya. Waa wabi laamoodka u qulqula dhanka koonfureed ee [[Webiga Omo (Itoobiya)|Webiga Omo]], wuxuuna ku galaa dhanka midig ee bangiga.<ref>Google Maps</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 96hvs6kpr1ge8nfz1g0ni7rnpxe3tnk 0 49103 302111 2026-07-13T07:47:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302111 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Denchya''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfurta [[Itoobiya]]. Waa wabi laamoodka u qulqula dhanka koonfureed ee [[Webiga Omo (Itoobiya)|Webiga Omo]], wuxuuna ku galaa dhanka midig ee bangiga {{coord|6|27|30|N|36|19|32|E|display=inline,title|region:ET_type:river}}. == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == *[http://www.ethiopianreview.com/archive/158471943008211102_ethiopia.html Denchia] c887vv9evd0j2wmrteeyh00oijhq01l 0 49104 302112 2026-07-13T07:49:18Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: [[File:Omo_OSM.png | thumb | right | Bassin-ka Omo]] '''Webiga Gojeb''' waa wabi laamoodka u qulqula dhanka bari ee [[Webiga Omo (Itoobiya)|Webiga Omo]] ee ku yaal [[Itoobiya]]. Wuxuu ka soo askumaa buuraleyda [[Guma (woreda)|Guma]], isagoo ku qulqulaya xariiq ku dhow toos ilaa halka uu kaga biirayo Omo {{coord|7|20|25|N|37|21|17|E|display=inline,title|region:ET_type:river}}. Dooxadiisa waxay siisay [[Boqortooyadii Kaffa]] ee hore xuduud difaac oo muhiim ah, sida uu ku sifeeyay... 302112 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omo_OSM.png | thumb | right | Bassin-ka Omo]] '''Webiga Gojeb''' waa wabi laamoodka u qulqula dhanka bari ee [[Webiga Omo (Itoobiya)|Webiga Omo]] ee ku yaal [[Itoobiya]]. Wuxuu ka soo askumaa buuraleyda [[Guma (woreda)|Guma]], isagoo ku qulqulaya xariiq ku dhow toos ilaa halka uu kaga biirayo Omo {{coord|7|20|25|N|37|21|17|E|display=inline,title|region:ET_type:river}}. Dooxadiisa waxay siisay [[Boqortooyadii Kaffa]] ee hore xuduud difaac oo muhiim ah, sida uu ku sifeeyay Mohammed Hassan: {{Quote |text=Dooxada kulul ee Gojeb, oo ay ka buuxaan kaneecooyin khatar ah iyo [[duqsiga tsetse]], oo lagu daboolay caws dheer iyo kayn cufan, waxay ka dhigtay weerar degdeg ah oo fardooley ah iyo gurasho mid aan macquul ahayn. Difaacan dabiiciga ah ... waxaa sii xoojiyay qalcado aad u adag oo bini'aadamku sameeyay kuwaas oo ilaalinayay dhammaan iridaha dalkaas. |author=Mohammed Hassan |source=''The Oromo of Ethiopia: a History 1570-1860'' (1994)<ref>Mohammed Hassan, ''The Oromo of Ethiopia: a History 1570-1860'' (Trenton: Red Sea Press, 1994), p. 81</ref> }} Sababo la xiriira goobta uu kaga yaal labada boqortooyo, [[Alexander Bulatovich]], oo ka gudbay wabiga bishii Janaayo 1897, ayaa soo wariyay in dooxadiisu ay ahayd mid aan cidna deganayn, haddana "waxay ku badan yihiin riyaha duurjoogta ah iyo antelopes. Shabeellada iyo libaaxyada ayaa halkan lagula kulmaa. Xayawaanka waaweyn, sida maroodiga iyo wiyisha, waxay sii joogaan meel hoose oo ku taal waddada wabiga, meel u dhow halka uu Gojeb ku shubmo Omo."<ref>[http://www.samizdat.com/armies.html "With the Armies of Menelik II, emperor of Ethiopia"] , tarjumay Richard Seltzer</ref> Gojeb waa goobta [[Biyo-xireenka Gojeb]], mashruucii ugu horreeyay ee koronto oo madax-bannaan ee Itoobiya. Warshaddan koronto-biyoodka ah ee 150-MW ayaa bilowday hawlgalkeeda ganacsi sanadkii 2004. Mashruuca waxaa horumariyay Hay'adda iyo Shirkadaha Cilmi-baarista Horumarinta Caalamiga ah ee Mohammed ([[MIDROC]]), kuwaas oo damacsan inay iibiyaan wax soo saarka [[Shirkadda Korontada Itoobiya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Horn_of_Africa/Ethiopia.html |title=Ethiopia Country Analysis Brief |publisher=[[Energy Information Administration]] |date= |accessdate=2009-01-12 }}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Xusuusin == {{reflist}} f6207q3nftxglvpvd4t5tk9gwhfeocf 0 49105 302113 2026-07-13T07:50:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302113 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File: Omo OSM.png|thumb|Khariidad muujinaysa bassin-ka Omo, iyadoo Webiga Gibe (Top right)]] '''Webiga Gibe''' (sidoo kale '''Webiga Gibe ee Weyn''') waa kan ugu weyn wabi laamoodka [[Webiga Omo (Itoobiya)|Webiga Omo]] ee koonfur-galbeed [[Itoobiya]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa guud ahaan dhanka koonfur-bari. Isku darka Webiga Gibe {{coord|7|20|N|37|22|E|display=title,inline|Eregion:ET_type:river}} oo la socda [[Webiga Gojeb]] wuxuu samaynayaa Webiga Omo.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://etd.aau.edu.et/server/api/core/bitstreams/97c95d07-ed80-460f-bcfc-167ddfd78fe6/content |title = Impact of Land use Land cover change on Stream flow (Case Study Gilgel Gibe III) |website = Addis Abeba University |publisher = Addis Abeba University - Institute of Technology School of Garaduate Studies Department of Civil Engineering |access-date = 9 November 2025}}</ref> Dhammaan [[bassin-ka qulqulka]] waxaa mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan ''Bassin-ka Webiga Omo-Gibe'' iyadoo Gibe iyo Omo ay qulqulaan (siday u kala horreeyaan) qaybaha sare iyo kuwa hoose. Sida badanaa webiyada Itoobiya, Gibe lama dhex mari karo. == Dulmar == Gibe wuxuu ka soo askumaa joog dhan qiyaastii 2,200 m waqooyiga magaalada [[Bila, Itoobiya|Bila]], galbeedka [[Chomen swamp]] ee [[Gudeya Bila]] [[woreda]], oo ku yaal [[East Welega Zone]], [[Gobolka Oromiya]]. Wabigu ka dib wuxuu u qulqulaa guud ahaan dhanka koonfur-bari xagga isku darka uu la leeyahay Webiga Gojeb. Wabi laamoodkiisa waxaa ka mid ah wabiyada [[Webiga Amara, Itoobiya|Amara]], [[Webiga Alanga|Alanga]], iyo [[Webiga Gilgel Gibe|Gilgel Gibe]]. Aagga qulqulka koonfureed ee Gibe waxaa ka mid ah [[Gibe region]], oo ah goob ay ku yaalliin tiro boqortooyooyin taariikhi ah oo [[Dadka Oromada|Oromada]] iyo [[Dadka Sidama|Sidama]] ah. Webiga Gibe wuxuu ku dhammaadaa joog dhan 830 m, halka uu kaga biirayo Webiga Gojeb, sidaas darteed wuxuu samaynayaa Webiga Omo. In kasta oo bangiyadiisa iyo bassin-ka biyaha lagu noolaa tan iyo waqtiyadii hore, Gabe waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay ''Royal Chronicle'' ee Boqor [[Sarsa Dengel]], kaas oo ku ololeeyay waqooyiga gobolka sanadkii 1566.<ref>G.W.B. Huntingford, ''The historical geography of Ethiopia from the first century AD to 1704'', (Oxford University Press: 1989), p. 143</ref> Qofkii ugu horreeyay ee Yurubiyaan ah oo la diiwaan geliyay oo arka Gibe wuxuu ahaa adeegaha Jesuit ee Boortaqiiska [[António Fernandes (Jesuit)|António Fernandes]], kaas oo ka gudbay Gibe sanadkii 1613 markii uu ka tagay [[Ennarea]] oo uu galay [[Boqortooyada Janjero|Janjero]]. Fernandes ka dib wuxuu ku tilmaamay Gibe inuu wado "Biyo ka badan kuwa Niil".<ref>Baltazar Téllez, ''The Travels of the Jesuits in Ethiopia'', 1710 (LaVergue: Kessinger, 2010), p. 194</ref> Gibe mar dambe laguma soo booqan Yurubiyaan ilaa qarnigii 19-aad, sidaas darteed xisaabta Fernandes ayaa sii ahaanaysay mid awood leh waxaana la doorbiday xogta laga helay socdaalayaasha waddanka.<ref>Sida uu ka cabanayo [[Charles Johnston (travel writer)|Charles Johnston]] shaqadiisa, ''Travels in Southern Abyssinia through the Country of Adal to the Kingdom of Shoa'' (London, 1844), vol. 2 pp. 113–125</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} b6hhjpc6ven3t2qyp0svydg5vevua2h 0 49106 302114 2026-07-13T07:52:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302114 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Gilgel Gibe''' (iyadoo ''Gilgel'' ay ka dhigan tahay ''Yar'') waa wabi laamoodka ugu weyn ee [[Webiga Gibe]] ee weyn ee ku yaal koonfur-galbeed [[Itoobiya]] gudaha galbeedka [[Gobolka Oromiya]]. Wuxuu u qulqulaa qaanso ahaan koonfurta [[Jimma Zone]], isagoo qeexaya qayb ka mid ah xuduudda Zone-ka oo la leh [[Gobolka Qoomiyadaha, Qowmiyadaha iyo Shucuubta Koonfureed]] markii uu u leexdo waqooyi. Kadib wuxuu ku biiraa Webiga Gibe ee u qulqula dhanka bari wax ka yar toban mayl meel u jirta halka uu kaga biirayo [[Webiga Omo (Itoobiya)|Webiga Omo]]. == Awoodda koronto-biyoodka == {{Main|Gilgel Gibe I Power Station}} {{See also|Gilgel Gibe II Power Station}} {{See also|Gilgel Gibe III Power Station}} Qorshayaasha lagu horumarinayo awoodda [[koronto-biyoodka]] ee wabiga Gilgel Gibe ayaa markii ugu horreysay lagu dhawaaqay 1980-meeyadii. Dhismaha [[Gilgel Gibe I Power Station]] ayaa bilaabmay 1986 waxaana la dhammaystiray 2004, ka dib markii la hakiyay horraantii 1990-meeyadii. Warshadu waxay leedahay biyo-xireen ku dhow 0.917 kiiloomitir oo saddex jibbaaran oo uu sameeyay biyo-xireen qiyaastii 40 mitir ah. Qulqulka wabiga Gilgel Gibe ayaa lagu soo celinayaa sariirta wabiga dabiiciga ah ka dib markii tamarta biyaha loo beddelay koronto iyada oo loo marayo warshad koronto oo lagu rakibay saddex mishiin oo nooca Francis ah. Barnaamijka [[Resettlement and villagization in Ethiopia|dib-u-dejinta]] wuxuu u baahday in loo raro qiyaastii 3,000 oo qof meelo cusub oo ay ku jiraan dadka ku nool hoosta ama meel u dhow khadka korontada ee isku xira warshadda korontada iyo [[Addis Ababa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ark3.lth.se/research/ggrp/ggrphome.htm |title=Gilgel Gibe Resettlement Project in Ethiopia |accessdate=2007-02-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Iyadoo la shaqaaleysiiyay 307 ajnabi ah oo ka kala yimid 32 dal iyo 4,015 qof oo maxalli ah, warshadda waxaa lagu dhammaystiray qiimo dhan qiyaastii laba bilyan oo [[Birr|birr]] waxayna noqotay warshadda korontada ugu weyn Itoobiya waqtigaas, iyadoo leh awood dhan 184 megawatt.<ref>[http://www.addistribune.com/Archives/2004/02/27-02-04/New.htm "New Hydroelectric Power Plant in Gilgel-Gibe Inaugurated by Prime Minister Meles Zenawi"] (la helay 22 Abriil 2006)</ref> Heerkii labaad ee horumarinta awoodda koronto-biyoodka Gibe-Omo wuxuu ku bilaabmay [[Gilgel Gibe II Power Station]] ee [[Webiga Omo]]. Qulqulka Webiga Gilgel Gibe, oo uu nidaamiyay Biyo-xireenka Gilgel Gibe I, ayaa loo maraa marin biyo-galeen ah oo dhererkiisu yahay 26 km oo mara buuraha Fofa ilaa Webiga Omo ee ku yaal dooxada wabiga ee deriska la ah ee hoose ee Gilgel Gibe I. Warshadda, oo soo saarta qiyaastii 420 MW, uma baahnayn dib-u-dejin. Heerkii labaad ayaa 97.5% dhameystirmay Ogosto 2009 waxaana loo qorsheeyay in la bilaabo adeegga Sebtembar 2009 wixii ka dambeeya.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/200604120386.html "New Hydroelectric Power Plant on Gilgel Gibe"] (All Africa), loo baahan yahay is-diiwaangelin; la helay 21 Luulyo 2006</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord |8.257|37.486|type:river|display=title}} dd6kosjlqzdcbra6tu3jg7bhgcbwxse 0 49107 302115 2026-07-13T07:54:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302115 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Wabe''' (sidoo kale '''Webiga Wabi''', '''Webiga Uabi''') waa wabi u qulqula dhanka galbeed-koonfur-galbeed ee koonfurta-dhexe ee [[Itoobiya]], oo gebi ahaanba ku dhex yaal qaybaha [[Aagga Gurage]] ee [[Gobolka Qoomiyadaha, Qowmiyadaha iyo Shucuubta Koonfureed]]. Webigan waa [[wabi joogto ah]]. Waa wabi laamoodka ugu muhiimsan ee [[Webiga Omo (Itoobiya)|Webiga Omo]] dhanka bidix, wuxuuna ku biiraa [[Webiga Gibe]] ee aadka uga weyn {{coord|8.224|N|37.623|E|display=inline,title}}. Wabigu wuxuu ka soo askumaa joog dhan 2,850 m oo ku yaal buuraleyda [[Shewa]] wuxuuna ku shubmaa wabiga Omo joog dhan 1060 m. Sababo la xiriira jiirarkiisa, waa wabi si degdeg ah u qulqula oo leh biyo-dhacyo badan. Gaar ahaan in la xuso waa [[Acho Falls]] oo u dhow [[Welkite]] oo leh dherer dhan 60 mitir. Koonfur-galbeed ee Welkite iyo dhowr kiiloomitir ka hor inta uusan ku biirin Webiga Omo, wabigu wuxuu muujinayaa taxane aad u jiira oo biyo-xireeno ah oo leh hoos u dhac joog ah oo gaaraya ~400 m kaliya afar kiiloomitir. Sababo la xiriira sifooyinkiisa gaarka ah, wabiga (sannadkii 2018) wuxuu ku jiray baaritaan loogu talagalay [[koronto-biyood|koronto-biyoodka]] iyadoo la isticmaalayo [[koronto-biyoodka]] wabiga.<ref name="WabiHydropower">{{cite web|title=Feasibility study to commence for 150MW power project|url=https://www.thereporterethiopia.com/article/feasibility-study-commence-150mw-power-project|publisher=The Reporter|date=2018-05-05|accessdate=2018-05-06}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == <references /> tuhqvz5p1xryonnutchgvy3zpam6u0p 0 49108 302116 2026-07-13T07:55:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bilate | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6|37|54|N|37|59|6|E|region:ET-SN|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | length = ~{{convert|250|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|3,382|m|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1,175|m|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{convert|16.6|m3/s|abbr=on}} | basin_size_km2 = 5,754 | city = [[Dimtu]] | tributaries_right = * Webiga Badessa * Webiga Charake }} '''Bilate'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238681859_WATER_RESOURCES_ASSESSMENT_IN_THE_BILATE_RIVER_CATCHMENT_-_PRECIPITATION_VARIABILITY |last1=Thiemann |first1=Stefan |last2=Förch |first2=Gerd |date=2005 |title=Water resources assessment in the Bilate River catchment - precipitation variability |via=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref> waa wabi ku yaal koonfurta-dhexe ee [[Itoobiya]]. Wuxuu ka soo askumaa jiirarka koonfur-galbeed ee [[Buurta Gurage]] meel u dhow {{coord|6|2|N|38|7|E}}, isagoo u qulqula dhanka koonfureed ee dhanka galbeed ee [[Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia|Great Rift Valley]], si uu ugu shubmo [[Harada Abaya]] halka {{coord|6|37|54|N|37|59|6|E}}. Waa wabiga ugu dheer ee ku shubma Harada Abaya waana kan leh qulqulka ugu sarreeya. Wabigan oo dhererkiisu yahay 250 km laguma dhex mari karo mana laha wabi laamoodyo la xusi karo. Dhexda marin-biyoodkiisa, Bilate waxay ku qulqushaa [[Bilate River Field|aagga foolkaanaha ee Webiga Bilate]] inta badan dhulkeedana waxaa daboolay Aagga Halaba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=221291|title = Global Volcanism Program &#124; Bilate River Field}}</ref> [[David Roden Buxton|David Buxton]] wuxuu diiwaangeliyay muhiimaddiisa sida uu u qeexayo xuduudka u dhexeeya degmada Sidamo ee dhanka bari, iyo degmada Wolaita ee dhanka galbeed; wuxuu kaloo sharraxay inuu helay suuq toddobaadle ah oo agtiisa ah oo lagu magacaabo [[Dimtu]].<ref>Buxton, ''Travels in Ethiopia'', daabacaaddii labaad (London: Benn, 1967), pp.&nbsp;98f</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} qbt1cn1pz24sn8nelnll1fl04nud75g 0 49109 302117 2026-07-13T07:57:22Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Gidabo | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = [[Harada Abaya]]<br />joog dhan 1,175 m | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|6.55|N|38.05|E|region:ET-SN|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type1 = Dal | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | length = ~{{convert|120|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = ~{{convert|3,200|m|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|11.08|m3/s|abbr=on}} | basin_size = ~{{convert|3,302|km2|abbr=on}} }} '''Webiga Gidabo''' waa wabi dhexdhexaad ah oo joogto ah oo ku yaal koonfurta-dhexe ee [[Itoobiya]] gudaha [[Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia|Great Rift Valley]]. Aagga qulqulka Webiga Gidabo waa mid ka mid ah aagagga ugu horreeya ee wax soo saarka [[qaxwaha]] ee Itoobiya. == Marin-biyoodka == Waa mid ka mid ah saddex wabi oo dhexdhexaad ah oo ku shubma [[Harada Abaya]]. Wabigan oo dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii 120 km ayaa ka soo askuma jiirarka galbeed ee silsiladda buuraleyda ''Soka Sonicha'' (iyadoo tan ugu caansan ay tahay buurta ''Gelala'') at {{coord|6.8|N|38.6|E}}, wuxuu u qulqulaa galbeed marka hore ka dibna inta badan waddadiisa koonfurta oo dhan dhulka bari ee [[Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia|Great Rift Valley]] iyo iyada oo loo marayo [[Sidama Zone]]. Waxay dhaaftaa magaalada caanka ah ee [[Irgalem|Yrga Alem]]. Wabigu wuxuu u leexdaa dhanka galbeed markuu galayo bannaanka daadadka Gidabo oo si toos ah u xiga bariga Harada Abaya. Ugu dambayntii wuxuu ku shubmaa Harada Abaya at {{coord|6.56|N|38.05|E}}. Bannaanka daadadka iyo inta lagu jiro qaybta ugu dambeysa ee wabiga waxay qeexaysaa xuduudda koonfureed ee Sidama Zone oo uu u qulqulo inta badan dhererkiisa. Magaalada [[Dila, Ethiopia|Dilla]] waa magaalada ugu caansan ee aagga qulqulka wabiga. Magaalo kale oo ku taal aagga qulqulka waa [[Aleta Wendo]]. == Qulqulka biyaha == Wabigu lama dhex mari karo mana laha wabi laamoodyo la xusi karo, laakiin bassin-ka wabigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay tiro laxaad leh oo ah ~97 wabi iyo durdurro yaryar oo ku yaal saddex bassin-hoosaad. Qulqulka celceliska sanadlaha ah ee afkiisa wuxuu gaarayaa 11 m³/s, iyadoo qulqulka ugu sarreeya uu gaarayo ~40 m³/s guga iyo deyrta, halka xagaaga iyo jiilaalka qulqulka uu hoos ugu dhici karo 2–3 m³/s. Sifo gaar ah oo ka mid ah aagga qulqulka Gidabo waa jiritaanka tiro badan oo ilo ah, kuwaas oo loo isticmaali karo ilo biyo dhulka hoostiisa ah oo loogu talagalay beeraha xitaa xilliyada kulaylaha iyo jiilaalka ee abaarta. == Biyo-xireenka Gidabo == 17 kiiloomitir oo waddo ah galbeedka Dilla, halkaas oo wabigu u leexdo dhanka galbeed ka hor inta uusan gelin bannaankiisa daadadka iyo dhul-beereedka, '''Biyo-xireenka Gidabo''', waa biyo-xireen 21.3 mitir oo dherer ah iyo 350 m oo ballac ah oo lagu buuxiyay dhulka oo loo isticmaalo xakamaynta daadadka iyo ujeedooyinka waraabinta aag dhan 27 km² ee hoos u dhaca iyo sidoo kale wax soo saarka kalluunka. Kaydka biyo-xireenka wuxuu gaarayaa 0.063 km³. Dhismaha biyo-xireenkan ayaa qaatay siddeed sano sababo la xiriira hababka dejinta ee aan la filayn intii lagu jiray dhismaha (ka mid ah arrimaha kale) kuwaas oo u baahday in la beddelo naqshadda biyo-xireenka iyo mugga kaydinta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://addisfortune.net/articles/gidabo-dam-nears-fruition/|title=Gidabo Dam Nears Fruition|publisher=Addis Fortune|date=2018-02-03|accessdate=2018-02-06}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] * [[Biyo-xireennada iyo kaydadka Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} ll42bv6z79p1e8syld76zcbn5suepuh 0 49110 302118 2026-07-13T07:59:08Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302118 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Weito''' (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Weyt’o Wenz''', '''Webiga Tullaya''') waa wabi ku yaal [[Gobolka Qoomiyadaha, Qowmiyadaha iyo Shucuubta Koonfureed]] ee [[Itoobiya]]. Wuxuu ka soo askumaa [[Buuraleyda Guge]], isagoo u qulqula dhanka koonfureed ilaa [[Harada Chew Bahir]] marka la eego loolka iyo dhigaha {{coord|4|49|58|N|36|58|54|E|display=title,inline}}. Weito waxay qeexaysaa xuduudda u dhexeysa woreda [[Bena Tsemay]] iyo [[woreda gaarka ah ee Konso]], iyo sidoo kale qayb ka mid ah xuduudda u dhexeysa Gobolka Qoomiyadaha, Qowmiyadaha iyo Shucuubta Koonfureed iyo [[Gobolka Oromiya]]. Wabigu wuxuu ku xiran yahay fatahaad xilliyeed.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sato |first=Shun |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Essays_in_Northeast_African_Studies/WAAwAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Weito%20River&dq=Weito%20River&printsec=frontcover |title=Essays in Northeast African Studies |last2=Kurimoto |first2=Eisei |date=1996 |publisher=National Museum of Ethnology |pages=78-81 |language=en}}</ref> Wabi laamoodkiisa waxaa ka mid ah [[Webiga Sagan]] iyo [[Webiga Segen]]. == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}€ 48heyjqfi3nsgke276ljwthgbn92m5v 0 49111 302119 2026-07-13T08:02:32Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Abay | image = ET Bahir Dar asv2018-02 img32 view from Bezawit.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Abay ee Itoobiya | map = Blue nile map.png | source1_location = [[Gish Abay at Sekela]], Itoobiya | source1_coordinates = {{Coord|11.002|37.225|format=dms|display=i}} | source1_elevation = {{Convert|2560|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Webiga Niil]] | mouth_location = [[Khartoum]], Suudaan | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|15.642|32.505|format=dms|display=i}} | mouth_elevation = {{Convert|373|m|ft|abbr=on}} | subdivision_type1 = Wadamada | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]], [[Suudaan]] | progression = [[Niil]] → [[Bada Dhexe]] | length = {{convert|1450|km|mi|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{convert|1548|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | basin_size = {{convert|325000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | river_system = [[Niil]] | tributaries_left = [[Webiga Bashilo|Bashilo]], [[Webiga Walaqa|Walaqa]], [[Webiga Jamma|Jamma]], [[Webiga Muger|Muger]], [[Webiga Guder|Guder]], [[Webiga Gulla|Gulla]], [[Webiga Didessa|Didessa]], [[Webiga Dabus|Dabus]] | tributaries_right = [[Webiga Beles|Beles]], [[Webiga Dinder|Dinder]], [[Webiga Rahad|Rahad]] | other_name = Abay }} '''Webiga Abay'''{{notetag| {{bulleted list |{{Langx|am|ጥቁር አባይ|translit=t’ikʼuri ābayi}} |{{Langx|om|Mormor or Abbayaa|| aabbaha durdurrada ||}} |{{Langx|ar|النيل الأزرق|translit=an-Nīl al-ʾAzraqu}}}}}} waa [[wabi]] ka soo askuma [[Harada Tana]] ee [[Itoobiya]]. Waxa uu u safrayaa qiyaastii {{Convert|1,450|km|mi|abbr=on}} isagoo dhex mara Itoobiya iyo [[Suudaan]]. Isagoo ay weheliso [[Niilka Cad]], waxa uu ka mid yahay labada [[wabi laamood]] ee ugu waaweyn [[Niil]] wuxuuna siiyaa qiyaastii 85.6% biyaha Niil xilliga [[Xilli-roobaad|xilli-roobaadka]]. == Marin-biyoodka == Masaafada wabiga laga bilaabo [[Isha wabiga|isha]] ilaa [[isku darka]] ayaa si kala duwan loogu soo wariyay inta u dhaxaysa {{convert|1460|and|1600|km|mi}}. Hubanti la'aantan ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka dhalatay xaqiiqda ah in wabigu u qulqulo taxane ka mid ah guryo aan la dhex mari karin oo ku yaal [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] ilaa qoto dheer oo qiyaastii {{convert|1500|m}}. Sida ku cad agabka ay daabacday [[Wakaaladda Tirakoobka Dhexe]], oo ah wakaalad dawladeed oo Itoobiya ah, Abay wuxuu leeyahay dherer dhan {{convert|1450|km}}, oo ka mid ah {{convert|800|km|mi}} ay ku yaallaan gudaha Itoobiya.<ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=184&format=raw&Itemid=466 "Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)"] , Shaxda A.1. Website-ka Wakaaladda Tirakoobka Dhexe (la helay 26 Diseembar 2009) </ref> === Gudaha Itoobiya === Abay waxa uu ka soo askumaa [[Gish Abay]] oo ku taal [[Sekela]] ee Itoobiya (halkaas oo loogu yeero Webiga Abay). Wabigu wuxuu u qulqulaa guud ahaan koonfurta ka hor inta uusan gelin dooxad qiyaastii {{convert|400|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} dherer ah, qiyaastii {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} Harada Tana, taas oo ah caqabad weyn oo dhanka safarka iyo isgaarsiinta u dhaxaysa waqooyiga iyo koonfurta Itoobiya. Dooxada waxaa markii ugu horreysay loogu yeeray "Grand Canyon" 1968 koox Ingiriis ah oo fulisay markii ugu horreysay ee wabiga laga soo dejiyo Harada Tana ilaa dhammaadka dooxada; xisbiyada wabiga ee rafaadka ah ayaa ugu yeeray "Grand Canyon of the Nile".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzx5qS4AvzwC&dq=%22Grand+Canyon+of+the+Nile%22&pg=PA37|title=Breakthroughs: An Integrated Advanced English Program|first1=Marina|last1=Engelking|first2=Gloria|last2=McPherson-Ramirez|date=15 Abriil 2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-542738-7|via=Google Books}}</ref> [[Biyo-dhaca Abay]] ([[Amxaari]]: Tis Abay, macno ahaan "qiiq weyn"), oo ah mid ka mid ah goobaha ugu waaweyn ee dalxiiska ee Itoobiya, ayaa ku yaal bilowga dooxada. Wabigu wuxuu ku wareegaa waqooyi-galbeed Itoobiya ka hor inta uusan quudin wabi laamoodyo badan oo u dhexeeya Harada Tana iyo [[xuduudka Itoobiya iyo Suudaan]]. Kuwa ku yaal bangiga bidix, oo u kala horreeya qulqulka, waxaa ka mid ah Webiga Wanqa, [[Webiga Bashilo]], [[Webiga Walaqa]], [[Webiga Wanchet]], [[Webiga Jamma]], [[Webiga Muger]], [[Webiga Guder]], Webiga Agwel, Webiga Nedi, [[Webiga Didessa]] iyo [[Webiga Dabus]]. Kuwa ku yaal dhanka midig, sidoo kale u kala horreeya qulqulka, waxaa ka mid ah Handassa, Tul, Abaya, Sade, Tammi, Cha, Shita, Suha, [[Webiga Muga (Itoobiya)|Muga]], [[Gulla (wabi)|Gulla]], [[Temcha]], Bachat, Katlan, Jiba, Chamoga, Weter iyo [[Webiga Beles|Beles]].<ref name="Huntingford">Liisaskan waxay ku salaysan yihiin isku dubbaridka G.W.B. Huntingford, ''Historical Geography of Ethiopia from the first century AD to 1704'' (London: British Academy, 1989), p. 34</ref> === Gudaha Suudaan === [[Image:whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|Sawirka dayax-gacmeedka halka Niilka Cad iyo Abay ay isugu tagaan|alt=]] Abay kadib wuxuu u sii jeedaa waqooyi-galbeed ee Suudaan. Wuxuu u safrayaa qiyaastii {{Convert|650|km|mi|abbr=on}}, isagoo dhaafaya [[Er Roseires]] oo uu ku helayo [[Webiga Dinder]] dhanka midig ee bangiga at [[Dinder, Suudaan|Dinder]]. Magaalada [[Khartoum]], Abay wuxuu ku biiraa [[Niilka Cad]] iyo, sida [[Niil]], wuxuu u qulqulaa [[Masar]] ilaa [[Bada Dhexe]] ee [[Aleksandriya]]. == Qulqulka biyaha == [[Image:Zusammenfluss der Nile.JPG|thumb|upright=1.3|Isku darka webiyada Abay iyo Niilka Cad meel u dhow [[Khartoum]], caasimadda [[Suudaan]]|alt=]] Qulqulka Abay wuxuu gaaraa mugga ugu badan xilli-roobaadka laga bilaabo Juun ilaa Sebtembar, markaas oo uu bixiyo 80{{endash}}86% biyaha Niilka saxda ah. Wabigu wuxuu ahaa il weyn oo ka mid ah [[daadadka Niil]] ee Masar taas oo gacan ka geysatay bacriminta Dooxada Niil iyo kor u kaca ka dhashay [[Masar-tii Hore]] iyo [[Khuraafaadka Masar]]. Iyada oo la dhammaystiray [[Biyo-xireenka Aswan]] 1970, daadadkan ayaa joogsaday inay ka dhacaan koonfurta Masar. Inta lagu jiro xilliga [[monsoon]] ee xagaaga, Abay wuxuu nabaad-guuriyaa xaddi badan oo ciid bacrin ah oo ka timaada Buuraleyda Itoobiya wuxuuna u qaadaa qulqulka hoose sida [[dhoobo]], taas oo biyaha ka dhigaysa mid bunni madow ama ku dhow madow.<ref>{{cite web|title=Its Origin, Falls, and Gorge|url=http://www.dinkneshethiopiatour.com/index.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820192901/http://www.dinkneshethiopiatour.com/index.htm|archive-date=20 Agoosto 2015|access-date=11 Oktoobar 2015|publisher=Dinknesh Ethiopia Tour}}</ref> Abay wuxuu muhiim u yahay nolosha dadka Masar: isagoo ah wabi laamoodka ugu muhiimsan ee Niil, wuxuu ku kordhiyaa in ka badan 85% qulqulka Niil.<ref name="handle2012">Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa Elsanabary{{Citation | title= Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin | year = 2012 | publisher = [[Jaamacadda Alberta]] |hdl = 10402/era.28151| location = [[Canada]] | doi = 10.7939/R3377641M | last1 = Elsanabary | first1 = Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa }}</ref> Inkasta oo uu ka gaaban yahay Niilka Cad, 59% biyaha gaara Masar waxay ka yimaadaan buuraleyda Itoobiya iyada oo loo marayo Abay. Wabigu sidoo kale waa il muhiim u ah Suudaan, halkaas oo [[Biyo-xireenka Roseires]] iyo [[Biyo-xireenka Sennar]] ay ku kordhiyaan 80% korontada dalka laga dhaliyo [[koronto-biyoodka]]. Biyo-xireenadan ayaa sidoo kale gacan ka geysta waraabinta [[Gezira Scheme]], oo ugu caansan [[cudbi]]-ga tayada sarreeya, iyo sidoo kale [[sarreen]] iyo wax soo saarka dalagga cuntada xoolaha ee aagga. Nofeembar 2012, Itoobiya waxay bilowday dhismaha [[Biyo-xireenka Weyn ee Itoobiya]], biyo-xireen koronto-biyood oo 6000-megawatt ah oo ku yaal wabiga. Biyo-xireenka ayaa la filayaa inuu noqdo mid kor u qaada dhaqaalaha Itoobiya. Suudaan iyo Masar, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay muujiyeen welwelkooda ku saabsan dhimista biyaha la heli karo.<ref>{{Citation |url = http://www.trust.org/item/?map=nile-dam-project-a-hydropower-hope-but-regional-sore-point |title = Ethiopia: Nile Dam Project a Hydropower Hope, but Regional Sore Point |year = 2012 |publisher = [[Thomson Reuters Foundation]] |location = [[Afrika]] |access-date = 9 Luulyo 2015 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150714191513/http://www.trust.org/item/?map=nile-dam-project-a-hydropower-hope-but-regional-sore-point |archive-date = 14 Luulyo 2015 }}</ref> Koronto dhalintu waxay bilaabatay Febraayo 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60451702|title = Ethiopia starts generating power from River Nile dam|work = BBC News|date = 20 Febraayo 2022}}</ref> == Taariikh == [[File: Completed new Sebara Dildiy bridge.jpg|right|thumb|Buundada ganaaxa ee Webiga Abay. Waa buundada kaliya ee lugta lagu maro ee ganaaxa ee Abay ee Itoobiya.]] [[File: Bridges across the Blue Nile Gorge.jpg|right|thumb|Dooxada Abay ee Itoobiya.]] Cabsi Masar ay ka qabto in Itoobiya ay xannibi karto Abay waxay ahayd arrin weyn oo ku saabsan xiriirka dheer iyo kan adag ee Itoobiya iyo Masar. Inkasta oo Masar ay Itoobiya u tiirsanayd biyaha, Itoobiya waxay ku tiirsanayd [[Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria]] awoodda baadari iyo magacaabista magaalo-madaxeeda. Isku tiirsanaantan ayaa qaabaysay dhacdooyinka tan iyo qarnigii 11-aad. Qarniyo badan, hanjabaadda ah in la xannibo Abay waxay ahayd istaraatiijiyad wax ku ool ah oo lagu hubinayo magacaabista magaalo-madaxyada Masar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ficil ahaan, marna lama isku dayin leexinta ama isticmaalka ballaaran ee biyaha wabiga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Uhlig |first1=Siegbert |title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C |date=2003 |pages=27}}</ref> Dhibaato hore ayaa soo baxday intii lagu jiray boqortooyadii Zagwe King [[Gebre Mesqel Lalibela]], kaas oo Masriyiintu ka shakiyeen inuu isku dayayo inuu leexiyo wabiga, inkasta oo boqortooyadiisu aysan waligeed gaarin Abay. Waxa uu ahaa Boqor [[Amda Seyon I]] kii ugu horreeyay ee qabsaday bassin-ka Abay oo bilaabay faafinta Masiixiyadda halkaas.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Uhlig |first1=Siegbert |title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C |date=2003 |pages=27}}</ref> Boqorradii Solomonic, gaar ahaan [[Dawit II]], [[Yeshaq I]], iyo [[Zara Yaqob]], waxay sii wadeen inay ku adkaystaan xakamaynta Itoobiya ee wabiga ahaan qalab diblomaasiyadeed. Waxay kaloo xoojiyeen fikraddan dhanka diinta, iyagoo aqoonsanaya Abay oo leh Gihon-kii Baybalka iyo la qabsiga Tammera Maryam si ay u sharciyeeyaan awooddooda biyaha. Khuraafaadkii Yurub ee qarniyadii dhexe ee ku saabsanaa Itoobiya Masiixi ah oo awood leh oo gacan ka geysanaysa burburinta Islaamka ayaa sii kordhiyay muhiimadda Abay ee xiriirka Itoobiya iyo Masar.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Uhlig |first1=Siegbert |title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C |date=2003 |pages=27}}</ref> Qofkii ugu horreeyay ee Yurubiyaan ah oo la ogaa inuu arkay Abay ee Itoobiya iyo isha wabiga wuxuu ahaa [[Pedro Páez]], oo ahaa [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] Isbaanish ah oo gaaray isha wabiga 21 Abriil 1618.<ref>R. E. Cheesman, ''Geographical Journal'', '''71''' (1928), p.&nbsp;361</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Bortaqiiskii João Bermudes, oo isku tilmaamay "Baadari Itoobiya", ayaa bixiyay sharraxaaddii ugu horreysay ee Tis Abay River Falls oo ku jirta xusuus-qorkiisa oo la daabacay 1565, iyo qof kasta oo Yurubiyaan ah oo ku noolaa Itoobiya qarnigii 15-aad sida [[Pêro da Covilhã]] ayaa arki karay wabiga muddo dheer ka hor Páez, laakiin uusan gaarin ishiisa. Isha Niilka saxda ah ayaa sidoo kale waxaa gaaray 1629 adeegaha Jesuit ee Boortaqiiska [[Jerónimo Lobo]] iyo 1770 sahamiyihii Scottish-ka [[James Bruce]]. In kasta oo sahamiyayaasha Yurub ay ka fekereen inay raacaan waddada Niilka laga bilaabo isku darka Abay iyo Niilka Cad ilaa Harada Tana, Dooxada Abay waxay niyad-jabisay dhammaan isku dayadii tan iyo isku daygii [[Frédéric Cailliaud]] ee 1821. Isku daygii ugu horreeyay ee halis ah oo qof aan maxalli ahayn uu sahamiyo waddadan wabiga waxaa fuliyay Maraykanka W.W. Macmillan 1902, iyadoo la kaashanayo sahamiyihii Norway B.H. Jenssen; Jenssen wuxuu u socday kor ilaa Khartoum halka Macmillan uu u safrayay hoos ka yimid Harada Tana. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, doonyaha Jenssen waxaa xannibay qulqulka at [[Famaka]] gaaban xuduudka Suudaan-Itoobiya, iyo doonyaha Macmillan ayaa burburay wax yar ka dib markii la bilaabay. Macmillan wuxuu ku dhiirigeliyay Jenssen inuu isku dayo inuu markale kor u safrayo Khartoum 1905, laakiin waxaa lagu qasbay inuu joojiyo {{convert|300|mi|km|sigfig=1|order=flip|abbr=on}} gaaban Harada Tana.<ref>Alan Moorehead, ''The Blue Nile'', daabacaaddii dib loo eegay (New York: Harper and Row, 1972), pp.&nbsp;319f</ref> [[Robert Ernest Cheesman|Robert Cheesman]], oo diiwaangeliyay yaabkiisa markuu gaaray Itoobiya markuu ogaaday in biyaha sare ee "mid ka mid ah wabiyada ugu caansan ee adduunka, iyo mid magaciisu si fiican loogu yaqaanay qadiimiga" uu ku jiray noloshiisa "lagu calaamadeeyay khariidadda khadad dhibco leh", wuxuu ku guuleystay inuu khariidado waddada sare ee Abay intii u dhaxaysay 1925 iyo 1933. Wuxuu tan sameeyay ma aha iyadoo la raacayo wabiga bangiyadiisa iyo dooxadiisa aan la dhex mari karin laakiin iyadoo la raacayo buuraleyda sare, u safraya qiyaastii {{convert|5000|mi|km|order=flip|abbr=on}} baqlo dalka deriska ah.<ref>Cheesman, pp.&nbsp;358–374.</ref> 1950-meeyadii iyo 1960-meeyadii, dhowr qof oo ku safraya doonniyaal ayaa ku dhex mareen qaybo ka mid ah dooxada. 1968, codsi ka yimid [[Haile Selassie]], koox ka kooban 60 askari iyo saynisyahanno Ingiriis iyo Itoobiyaan ah ayaa sameeyay markii ugu horreysay ee si buuxda loogu dego wabiga laga bilaabo Harada Tana ilaa barta u dhow xuduudka Suudaan oo uu hoggaaminayo sahamiyaha [[John Blashford-Snell]].<ref>Snailham, Richard. 1970. ''The Blue Nile Revealed''. London: Chatto and Windus.</ref> Kooxdu waxay isticmaashay [[Avon Inflatables]] si gaar ah loo dhisay iyo [[Royal Engineers]] [[assault boat]]s oo wax laga beddelay si ay u maraan qulqulka cabsida leh. Sahaminta rafaadka ee xigay 1970-meeyadii iyo 1980-meeyadii guud ahaan waxay daboolayeen oo kaliya qaybo ka mid ah dooxada wabiga. 1999, qoraa Virginia Morell<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bookreporter.com/reviews/0792279514.asp|title=Blue Nile: Ethiopia's River of Magic and Mystery - Bookreporter.com|website=bookreporter.com|access-date=3 Maajo 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608171628/http://www.bookreporter.com/reviews/0792279514.asp|archive-date=8 Juun 2011}}</ref> iyo sawir qaade Nevada Wier ayaa safarka ku maray rafd laga bilaabo Harada Tana ilaa Suudaan, iyagoo daabacay dukumentiyo ku saabsan safarkooda ka dib.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0012/feature1/ |title=Blue Nile @ nationalgeographic.com |publisher=Ngm.nationalgeographic.com |access-date=27 Janaayo 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006021132/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0012/feature1/ |archive-date=6 Oktoobar 2012 }}</ref> 2000, Maraykan iyo akhristaha National Geographic, Kenneth Frantz, ayaa arkay sawir ay qaadday Nevada Wier oo loogu talagalay ''National Geographic'' kaas oo u horseedi doona inuu aasaaso samafalka [[Bridges to Prosperity]]. Sawirkani wuxuu muujiyay buundada jabtay intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, iyadoo 10 nin ay ku sugnaayeen labada dhinac ee qaybta jabtay ay isku jiidayaan iyagoo adeegsanaya xadhig. Buundadan taariikhiga ah waxaa dhisay Boqor [[Fasilides]] qiyaastii 1660 iyadoo la adeegsanayo tignoolajiyada buundada Roomaanka ee loo keenay Itoobiya askarta Bortaqiiska intii lagu jiray dagaalkii lala galay duullaankii Muslimiinta 1507.<ref name=Britannica>{{cite book|last=Baynes|first=Thomas Spencer|title=The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, Volume 1|year=1838|publisher=Henry G. Allen and Company|edition=Sagaaraad|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TKcMAAAAYAAJ|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TKcMAAAAYAAJ/page/n76 65]|chapter=Abyssinia}}</ref> Labada 2001 iyo 2009, tabaruceyaasha Bridges to Prosperity ayaa u safrayay Maraykanka si ay u dayactiraan buundada jabtay ee Abay ka dibna waxay dhisteen [[buundada ganaaxa]] cusub oo aan u nugulayn fatahaadda.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bridgestoprosperity.org/ |title=Envisioning a world where poverty caused by rural isolation no longer exists |publisher=Bridges to Prosperity |access-date=27 Janaayo 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112041000/http://www.bridgestoprosperity.org/ |archive-date=12 Janaayo 2013 }}</ref> 28 Abriil 2004, juqraafi Pasquale Scaturro iyo lammaanihiisa, kayaker iyo agaasimaha dukumentiyada Gordon Brown, ayaa noqday dadkii ugu horreeyay ee la ogaa ee ku dhex mara Abay gebi ahaanba. In kasta oo safarkoodu uu ku jiray dhowr qof oo kale, Brown iyo Scaturro waxay ahaayeen kuwa kaliya ee ku hadhay safarka intii lagu jiray safarka oo dhan. Waxay ku qoreen tacaburkooda kamarad [[IMAX]] iyo laba kamaradood oo fiidiyoow ah, iyagoo sheekadooda ku wadaagaya filimka ''[[Mystery of the Nile]]'' iyo buug isla magacaas ah.<ref>Richard Bangs and Pasquale Scaturro, ''Mystery of the Nile''. New York: New American Library, 2005</ref> 29 Janaayo 2005, Kanadiyaan Les Jickling iyo saaxiibkiis New Zealander Mark Tanner ayaa dhammaystiray markii ugu horreysay ee si buuxda aadanaha u socdaalayo ee Abay oo dhan iyo Niilka ee Suudaan iyo Masar. Safarkooda oo ka badan {{Convert|5000|km|mi|abbr=on}} ayaa qaatay shan bilood waxayna u safrayeen Itoobiya, Suudaan, iyo Masar. Waxay dib u xusuustaan inay ku dhex mareen aagagga khilaafaadka dagaalka sokeeye, gobollada looga yaqaanay burcadka, waxayna la kulmeen khataro iyo qulqullo badan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://web.uvic.ca/torch/torch2005s/dept_alumni_4.htm|title=Department - Alumni Association|website=web.uvic.ca|access-date=1 Agoosto 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202121003/http://web.uvic.ca/torch/torch2005s/dept_alumni_4.htm|archive-date=2 Febraayo 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] * [[Liiska webiyada Suudaan]] == Xusuusin == {{notefoot}} == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070506010335/http://www.aber.ac.uk/quaternary/tana/ The Tana Project] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080512003609/http://www.niletrip.com/ Paddling the Blue Nile] {{coord|12|00|N|037|15|E|type:river|display=title}} {{Authority control}} 9vfezmf19332cwv5pw3x1eigt1p0r5x 10 49112 302120 2026-07-13T08:04:28Z Isma4l 41797 Bog loo bedeley [[Template:NoteTag]] 302120 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:NoteTag]] 9tt1qek8lezg5rm7jq3o6fqpb5rr21s 0 49113 302121 2026-07-13T08:06:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Adabay | name_native = | name_etymology = | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = Ethiopia | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | pushpin_map_alt = | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Itoobiya]] | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolka Amxaarada]] | subdivision_type3 = Degmooyin (''woreda'') | subdivision_name3 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|10|1|N|39|3|E|display=inline, title}} | source1_elevation = {{Convert|1905|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | river_system = Wabi joogto ah | basin_size = | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = Beresa | tributaries_right = Chacha | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = | custom_label = Juqraafida | custom_data = Buuro iyo dooxooyin qoto dheer | extra = }} '''Webiga Adabay''' waa wabi ku yaal bartamaha [[Itoobiya]] kaas oo, ay weheliso [[Webiga Wanchet]], qeexay degmadii hore ee [[Marra Biete]].<ref>G.W.B. Huntingford, ''The historical geography of Ethiopia from the first century AD to 1704'', (Oxford University Press: 1989), p. 153</ref> Wabi laamoodkiisa waxaa ka mid ah Chacha, Beresa, iyo saddex kale oo durdurro ah kuwaas oo ku midooba dusha sare ee doox qoto dheer.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/journalsofrevmes00isen/journalsofrevmes00isen_djvu.txt ''Journals of the Rev. Messrs. Isenberg and Krapf, Missionaries of the Church Missionary Society, Detailing their proceedings in the kingdom of Shoa, and journeys in other parts of Abyssinia, in the years 1839, 1840, 1841 and 1842''], (London, 1843), p. 243</ref><ref>[https://et.geoview.info/adabay_shet,345566 Ādabay Shet’] GeoView.info</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} faugsndrjakknlc6six74uzo24ekdrh 0 49114 302122 2026-07-13T08:08:46Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302122 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Awetu''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfur-galbeed [[Itoobiya]], kuna yaal [[Gobolka Oromiya]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Demissie |first=Tamene Adugna |date=2022-03-01 |title=Land use and land cover change dynamics and its impact on watershed hydrological parameters: the case of Awetu watershed, Ethiopia |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43217-021-00084-1 |journal=Journal of Sedimentary Environments |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=79–94 |doi=10.1007/s43217-021-00084-1 |issn=2447-9462|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Qaybihiisa sare waa inta badan dhul-beereed; wabigu wuxuu markaa u qulqulaa dhanka hoose si toos ah magaalada [[Jimma]].<ref name=":0" /> Waa wabi laamoodka [[Webiga Gilgel Gibe]].<ref name=":0" /> Celceliska roobka sannadlaha ah ee biyaha-qabashada waa qiyaastii 1699mm.<ref name=":0" /> Bedka qabashada biyaha ee biyo-qabashadu waa 81.9 km².<ref name=":0" /> Kala duwanaanshaha joogga biyo-qabashada waa 1698 ilaa 2589 mitir oo ka sarreeya heerka badda.<ref name=":0" /> Biyo-qabashadu waa inta badan dhul miyi iyo beereed, qaybta galbeedna waa kayn.<ref name=":0" /> ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} == Akhris dheeraad ah == * Profile of Jimma town (2011) == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] tdqiq7bezw4sx1ej51cz5r8t920a5op 0 49115 302123 2026-07-13T08:10:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Atbara | image = Upper_Atbara_and_Setit_Dam_Complex_Power_Plant.jpg | image_size = 270 | image_caption = Mashiinka Korontada ee Biyo-xireenka Sare ee Atbara iyo Setit | map = Atbarah River Basin.jpg | map_size = 270 | map_caption = Bassin-ka Webiga Atbara | source1_location = | mouth_location = Wuxuu ku shubaa [[Niil]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|17.6781|33.9735|region:SD-04|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type1 = Wadamada | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Itoobiya]]|[[Suudaan]]}} | length = {{convert|805|km|mi}} | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|374|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | basin_size = {{convert|69000|km2|mi2}} }} '''Webiga Atbara''' ({{langx|ar|نهر عطبرة}}; [[Carabi|carabidda]]: Nahr 'Atbarah), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Niilka Cas''' iyo / ama '''Niilka Madow''', waa wabi ku yaal waqooyi-bari [[Afrika]]. Waxa uu ka soo askumaa waqooyi-galbeed [[Itoobiya]], qiyaastii 50&nbsp;km waqooyiga [[Harada Tana]] iyo 30&nbsp;km galbeedka [[Gondar]]. Waxa uu markaa u qulqulaa qiyaastii 805&nbsp;km (500&nbsp;mi) ilaa [[Niil]] ee waqooyi-dhexe [[Suudaan]], isagoo ku biira magaalada [[Atbara]] ({{coord|17.677|N|33.970|E|}}). [[Wabi laamoodka]] wabiga, [[Webiga Tekezé|Tekezé (Setit)]], ayaa laga yaabaa inuu yahay koorsada sare ee dhabta ah ee Atbara, maadaama Tekezé uu raaco koorsada dheer ka hor [[isku darka]] labada wabi (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) ee waqooyi-bari Suudaan. Atbara waa wabi laamoodkii ugu dambeeyay ee Niil ka hor inta uusan gaarin [[Bada Dhexe]]. Inta badan sannadka, waa wabi yar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xilliga roobka (guud ahaan Luulyo ilaa Oktoobar), Atbara wuxuu kor u kacaa qiyaastii 18&nbsp;ft (5 m) heerkiisa caadiga ah. Waqtigan, wuxuu sameeyaa caqabad aad u weyn oo u dhaxaysa degmooyinka waqooyi iyo dhexe ee [[Gobolka Amxaarada]] ee Itoobiya. Marka laga reebo Tekezé, wabi laamoodyo kale oo muhiim ah oo Atbara ka mid ah waxaa ka mid ah [[Webiga Shinfa]] oo ka soo askuma galbeedka Harada Tana, iyo [[Webiga Greater Angereb|Greater Angereb]] kaas oo ishiisu tahay waqooyiga magaalada [[Gondar]]. == Taariikh == Xusitaankii ugu horreeyay ee badbaaday ee Atbara waa kii [[Strabo]] (16.4.8), kaas oo wabiga ugu yeeray ''Astaboras'' ({{langx|el|Ασταβόρας}}).<ref name="rilly">Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179</ref> Qorayaashii kale ee qadiimiga ah ee xusay magaca waxaa ka mid ah [[Agatharchides]], kaas oo ugu yeeray ''Astabaras'' ({{langx|el|Ασταβάρας}}),<ref name="rilly"/> iyo [[Ptolemy]] ([[Juqraafiga (Ptolemy)|Juqraafiga]] 4.7).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/7*.html |title=LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7 |publisher=Penelope.uchicago.edu |access-date=2013-12-10}}</ref> [[Richard Pankhurst (aqoonyahan)|Richard Pankhurst]] iyo kuwa kale ayaa ku dooday in magaca loo fahmo "Webiga dadka Boras", halkaas oo ''asta'' lala xiriirin karo Proto-[[Luqadaha Nubian|Nubian]] ''asti'' "biyo",<ref name="rilly"/> halka ''-boras'' lagu xiriirin karo tiro ka mid ah tilmaamaha Roomaanka ee qabiil la yiraahdo Bora (Bera), oo ku noolaa meel u dhow [[Meroe]],<ref>Richard Pankhurst, ''The Ethiopian Borderlands'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 27</ref> iyo qabiil kale oo la yiraahdo ''Megabares'' ({{langx|el|Μεγάβαροι}} ee Eratosthenes iyo Strabo, {{langx|la|Megabarri}} ee [[Pliny kan Weyn]]).<ref name="rilly"/> Pliny kan Weyn wuxuu bixiyaa etymology xoogaa ka duwan oo Astaboras ah, isagoo sheegaya in "luqadda dadka maxalliga ah" magacu ka dhigan yahay "biyo ka imanaya hadhka hoose" (''[[Taariikhda Dabiiciga ah (Pliny)|N.H.]]'' 5.10). Abriil 1898 [[Dagaalkii Atbara|dagaal]] weyn ayaa ka dhacay wabiga agtiisa intii lagu jiray [[duullaankii Anglo-Masar ee Suudaan 1896–1899]] ee u dhexeeyay ciidamada [[Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist]] iyo Ciidanka Anglo-Masar oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]], taas oo keentay burburinta qaybta Mahdist ee 20,000-qof.<ref>{{cite book |author=Winston Churchill |author-link=Winston Churchill |title= The River War Volume 1|page=416 Chapter XIII|publisher=Longmans|date=1899}}</ref> [[File:River War 1-13 Atbara Campaign.jpg|thumb|Atbara river campaign]] 1964, wabiga waxaa lagu xiray [[Biyo-xireenka Khashm el-Girba]] meel u dhow [[Kassala]] ee Suudaan si loogu bixiyo waraab magaalada cusub ee la dhisay ee Halfa Dughaym ee gobol qallalan iyo in dib loo dejiyo dadka Suudaan ee ay eryeen [[Biyo-xireenka Aswan]] (Sad al-Aali) ee Masar, kaas oo fatahay 500&nbsp;km oo ka mid ah Dooxada Niil ee koonfurta Masar iyo waqooyiga Suudaan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hurni|first1=Hans|last2=Tato|first2=Kebede|last3=Zeleke|first3=Gete|date=May 2005|title=The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia|journal=Mountain Research and Development|volume=25|issue=2|pages=147–154|doi=10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2|issn=0276-4741|doi-access=free}}</ref> Dhismaha mashruuca mataanaha ah ee biyo-xireenka oo dhan $1.9 bilyan qiyaastii 20&nbsp;km dhanka sare ee isku darka wabiyada Sare ee Atbara iyo Setit, [[Biyo-xireenka Sare ee Atbara iyo Setit|Biyo-xireennada Rumela iyo Burdana]], ayaa bilaabmay 2011 waxaana furay Madaxweyne [[Omar al-Bashir]] bishii Febraayo 2017.<ref>{{cite web|author=Gregory B. Poindexter|url=https://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2017/02/sudan-inaugurates-us-1-9-billion-upper-atbara-and-setit-dam-hydropower-project.html|title=Sudan inaugurates US$1.9 billion Upper Atbara and Setit Dam hydropower project|publisher=HydroWorld|date=2 February 2017|access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref> == Hydrology == Celceliska qulqulka billaha ah (1912&ndash;1982) ee Atbara oo la cabbiray qiyaastii 25&nbsp;km dhanka sare ee afkiisa, oo lagu cabbiray m³/s:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1664100.html|title=Nile - Kilo 3|publisher=University of New Hampshire|date=2000-02-26}}</ref> <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:220 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:2010 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:500 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:250 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Jan. bar:Feb text:Feb. bar:Mar text:March bar:Apr text:April bar:May text:May bar:Jun text:June bar:Jul text:July bar:Aug text:August bar:Sep text:Sept. bar:Oct text:Oct. bar:Nov text:Nov. bar:Dec text:Dec. PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 7.5 bar:Feb from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Mar from:0 till: 0.3 bar:Apr from:0 till: 1.4 bar:May from:0 till: 2.9 bar:Jun from:0 till: 28.4 bar:Jul from:0 till: 569.5 bar:Aug from:0 till: 2002.7 bar:Sep from:0 till: 1291.0 bar:Oct from:0 till: 289.1 bar:Nov from:0 till: 61.1 bar:Dec from:0 till: 19.0 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 7.5 fontsize:S text: 7.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Feb at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 0.3 fontsize:S text: 0.3 shift:(-10,5) bar:Apr at: 1.4 fontsize:S text: 1.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:May at: 2.9 fontsize:S text: 2.9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 28.4 fontsize:S text: 28.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 569.5 fontsize:S text: 569.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aug at: 2002.7 fontsize:S text: 2002.7 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 1291.0 fontsize:S text: 1291.0 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 289.1 fontsize:S text: 289.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 61.1 fontsize:S text: 61.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Dec at: 19.0 fontsize:S text: 19.0 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] * [[Liiska webiyada Suudaan]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category}} * [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ethiopia.html Khariidadaha Itoobiya] - Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection, [[University of Texas at Austin|University of Texas]] 2p5m8zcys4g4hupihdexxi96yj2ufw4 0 49116 302124 2026-07-13T08:13:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bantyiketu | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = Itoobiya | subdivision_type2 = Gobol | subdivision_name2 = Addis Ababa | subdivision_type3 = Magaalo | subdivision_name3 = Addis Ababa | river_system = Bassin-ka Webiga Akaki | source1 = Buuraleyda Itoobiya | source1_location = Buurta Entoto iyo buuraleyda ku xeeran | mouth = Webiga Akaki | mouth_location = Addis Ababa, Itoobiya | progression = Webiga Bantyiketu → Webiga Akaki → Kaydka Aba Samuel → Webiga Awash | basin_landmarks = Kaydka Aba Samuel | custom_label = Shaqooyinka ugu waaweyn | custom_data = Dheecanka magaalada, qaadista biyaha roobka, wabi laamoodka Webiga Akaki }} '''Webiga Bantyiketu''' waa wabi magaalo oo ku yaal [[Addis Ababa]] (oo macnaheedu yahay "ubax cusub"), oo ah caasimadda Itoobiya, wuxuuna ka mid yahay qayb ka mid ah bassin-ka [[Webiga Akaki]], kaas oo biyaha ka soo ururiya qayb badan oo ka mid ah caasimadda iyo buuraleyda ku xeeran.<ref>{{cite web |title=System structure study area including the Bantyiketu River |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/System-structure-study-area-including-the-Bantyiketu-river_fig4_268596018 |website=ResearchGate |access-date=7 June 2026}}</ref><ref name="gorebet">{{Cite web |date=2020-03-25 |title=Rivers in Ethiopia: A Simple guide for 11 Best-Known rivers |url=https://www.gorebet.com/rivers-in-ethiopia/ |access-date=7 June 2026 |website=www.gorebet.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marin-biyoodka iyo goobta == Webiga Bantyiketu waa mid ka mid ah webiyada dhowrka ah ee qayb ka ah bassin-ka Webiga Akaki ee Addis Ababa. Waxa uu dhex maraa meelo magaalo ah iyo meelo u dhow magaalooyinka ka hor inta uusan ku biirin wabi laamoodyo kale oo ku qulqula nidaamka Webiga Akaki iyo sidoo kale Kaydka Aba Samuel. Nidaamka wabiga ee Addis Ababa wuxuu leeyahay durdurro yaryar oo badan oo ka yimaada buuraleyda ku xeeran sida [[Buurta Entoto]] iyo Wechecha, kuwaas oo ku shuba nidaamka Webiga Akaki. Bantyiketu waxaa lagu qoray wabi laamoodyadan marka la eegayo sharraxaadaha haydarooliga ee bassin-ka Akaki.<ref name="gorebet"/><ref>{{cite journal |title=Article |journal=Applied Sciences |publisher=MDPI |volume=11 |issue=13 |article-number=6011 |year=2021 |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/13/6011 |access-date=7 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|title=Urban Storm Water Drainage System in the Central Part of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia – Present State and Proposals for the Improvements |author1=Dirk Muschalla|author2=Manfred Ostrowski |year=2002 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268596018_Urban_Storm_Water_Drainage_System_in_the_Central_Part_of_Addis_Ababa_Ethiopia-Present_State_and_Proposals_for_the_Improvements |access-date=7 June 2026}}</ref> == Hydrology == Wabiga waxaa si xoog leh u saameeya cimilada buuraleyda kuleylaha ah ee bartamaha Itoobiya. Qulqulka waa mid xilliyeed aad u sarreeya, iyadoo qulqulka ugu sarreeya uu dhaco xilliga roobka (Juun ilaa Sebtembar), halka qulqulka la dhimay ama engeg qayb ahaan uu dhici karo xilliga abaarta. Sida webiyada kale ee nidaamka Akaki, Bantyiketu wuxuu gacan ka geystaa qulqulka biyaha roobka ee magaalada dhexdeeda wuxuuna si degdeg ah uga jawaabaa roobabka sababtoo ah dhex-galka dabiiciga ah ee xaddidan ee ay keentay horumarinta magaalooyinka.<ref>{{cite journal |title = Applied Sciences |journal = Applied Sciences |publisher = MDPI |year = 2021 |volume = 11 |issue = 13 |pages = 6011 |url = https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/13/6011 |access-date=7 June 2026}}</ref> == Xaaladda deegaanka == Webiga Bantyiketu, sida webiyo badan oo magaalo ah oo ku yaal Addis Ababa, waxaa saameeya xaaladaha deegaanka ee la xiriira [[Magaalaleynta Itoobiya|magaalaleynta]]. Kuwan waxaa ka mid ah qashinka adag, qashinka biyaha aan la daaweyn, iyo nabaad-guurka ka yimaada hawlaha dhismaha. Daraasadaha nidaamka Webiga Akaki ayaa muujinaya in wabi laamoodyo badan ay u shaqeeyaan kanaallo qashinka magaalooyinka ah, taasoo keentay in tayada biyaha ay si weyn u xumaato bassin-ka oo dhan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=(PDF) Contamination of Rivers and Water Reservoirs in and Around Addis Ababa City and Actions to Combat It |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317572799_Contamination_of_Rivers_and_Water_Reservoirs_in_and_Around_Addis_Ababa_City_and_Actions_to_Combat_It |access-date=7 June 2026 |website=ResearchGate |language=en}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} 2p3nz3vcxb7dgcdoho3obmy6k8ep9jo 0 49117 302125 2026-07-13T08:15:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302125 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cheleleka''' waa wabi ku yaal bartamaha [[Itoobiya]].<ref>[http://www.gefweb.org/Documents/Medium-Sized_Project_Proposals/MSP_Proposals/documents/Ethiopia-CopingwdDrought-CC.pdf "Ethiopia: Coping with Climate Change"] Global Environment Funding Proposal (taariikhdu markay ahayd 6 Nofeembar 2006), p. 15. (la helay 25 Juun 2007)</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} 8dehkv7ebe7cezwn3yu2w2j9i5koh5t 0 49118 302126 2026-07-13T08:17:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302126 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Karsa''' ([[Af-Oromo|Oromiffa]] ''qarsaa'', "dhagax fidsan, dhagax la isku fiiqto") waa wabi ku yaal galbeedka [[Itoobiya]]. Waa wabi laamoodka Kobara, wabiga waxaa lagu baaray dahab wakhtiyadii hore dadka deegaanka.<ref>[http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/k/ORTKAR.pdf "Local History in Ethiopia"] The Nordic Africa Institute website (la helay 5 Agoosto 2009)</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{coord|7|33|N|38|49|E|display=title|region:ET_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} cstm5t5d5my66aa343oy606zxsa17eb 0 49119 302127 2026-07-13T08:19:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Kulfo | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = Harada Chamo | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = Itoobiya | progression = | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1,109|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5.927|N|37.552|E|region:ET-SN|display=inline,title}} | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = | river_system = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Webiga Kulfo''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfurta [[Itoobiya]] oo ka soo askuma jiirada galbeed ee [[Main Ethiopian Rift]] ee [[Buuraha Guge]]. Waxa uu dhex maraa [[Arba Minch]] ka dibna waxa uu dhex maraa [[Nechisar National Park]] oo ku taal [[isthmus]] u dhaxaysa [[Harada Chamo]] iyo [[Harada Abaya]]. Caadi ahaan waxa uu ku shubaa Harada Chamo laakiin waxa kale oo uu ku shubi karaa Harada Abaya ka dib roobab culus iyada oo loo marayo kala qaybsanaan toos ah oo ku taal koonfur-galbeed ee [[Madaarka Arba Minch]]. Qaybaha hoose ee Webiga Kulfo waxay u shaqeeyaan sidii [[spillway]] u ah Harada Abaya ilaa Harada Chamo haddii ay jiraan heerar sare oo harada ah. Barta qulqulka badan ayaa si toos ah uga hoosaysa [[alluvial fan]] oo joogga 1,190 m (at {{coord|6.0109|N|37.5854|E|region:ET-SN|display=inline}}). Sariirta wabiga ayaa markaa ku shubta biyaha harada ee saa'idka ah [[Harada Chamo]].<ref>Schütt, Brigitta, Thiemann, Stefan, [http://www.uni-siegen.de/zew/publikationen/volume0204/sch%C3%BCtt_thiemann_-_kulfo_river-_regulator_of_lake_level_c.pdf Kulfo River, Southern Ethiopia:Regulator of Lake Level Changes in the Lake Abaya–Chamo Basin], Research Institute Water and Environment, Siegen University, La helay 22 Juun 2008</ref> Buundo muhiim ah oo ka dulaysa wabiga ayaa dib loo soo celiyay 2006. Wabigu aad buu u engegay sannadihii u dambeeyay. == Astaamaha == Waa [[braided river]], oo leh bedka qabashada biyaha oo ah 300 km³. Waxay ballacdeedu tahay 20 mitir meel u dhow afkiisa, iyadoo leh jiirada 10&nbsp;m/km. Dhexroorka celceliska ah ee [[bed material load|bed material]] waa 14&nbsp;mm ([[shuban]] ama dhagax yar yar).<ref name="hani">{{cite journal |last1=Hanibal Lemma |first1=and colleagues |title=Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia |journal=Journal of Hydrology |date=2019 |volume=577 |article-number=123968 |doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968 |s2cid=199099061 }}</ref> == Qaadista wasakhda == Wabigu wuxuu qaadaa 53,480 tan oo [[bedload]] ah iyo 327,230 tan oo [[suspended sediment]] ah sannad kasta [[Harada Chamo]].<ref name="hani"/> == Cayayaanka kulaylaha ah == Falanqaynta Cytotaxonomic ee [[larval]] [[chromosome]]s ee aagga Webiga Kulfo ayaa shaaca ka qaaday jiritaanka laba nooc oo cusub oo loo aqoonsaday [[black fly|Black flies]] ee wabiga, ''[[Simulium kulfoense]]'' iyo ''[[Simulium soderense|S. soderense]]''; haddana si ka duwan Black flies kale noocyadan maaha sidayaal ''[[Onchocerca volvulus]]''.<ref>Hadisa, Mamuye, Wilson, Michael, Cobblaha, Millicent, Boakyea, Daniel, (2008) [http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=E7B1558D117FB95817AED35AA0CA1115.tomcat1?fromPage=online&aid=1864940 Cytotaxonomy of Simulium soderense and a redescription of the 'Kulfo' form], International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, [[Cambridge University Press]], La helay 22 Juun 2008</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} rsnfw1izv14hu2zyv4j48h34mcl1x70 0 49120 302128 2026-07-13T08:21:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Lagabora | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = Itoobiya | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = }} '''Webiga Lagabora''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfurta-bartamaha [[Itoobiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-05-06 |title=The Rivers of Ethiopia |url=https://addisabram.wordpress.com/2009/05/06/the-rivers-of-ethiopia/ |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=Addis Ethiopia Weblog |language=en}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] {{coord missing|Itoobiya}} == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} 9b0rp63io0uoopn5a8cj2mtktehovhj 302129 302128 2026-07-13T08:21:16Z Isma4l 41797 302129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Lagabora | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | source1_location = | mouth_location = | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = Itoobiya | length = | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = }} '''Webiga Lagabora''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfurta-bartamaha [[Itoobiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-05-06 |title=The Rivers of Ethiopia |url=https://addisabram.wordpress.com/2009/05/06/the-rivers-of-ethiopia/ |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=Addis Ethiopia Weblog |language=en}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} rq52400hvaharerr25qnan61cxze1mn 0 49121 302130 2026-07-13T08:24:38Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302130 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Mofar''' waa wabi galbeed u qulqula oo ku yaal bartamaha [[Itoobiya]], wuxuuna qayb ka yahay biyo-qabashada [[Webiga Abay|Abay]]. Qayb ka mid ah koorsadiisa waxay ku taal doox qoto dheer.<ref>[http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/m/ORTMO.pdf "Local History in Ethiopia"] The Nordic Africa Institute website (la helay 30 Luulyo 2009)</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{coord|10|01|N|39|18|E|region:ET-AM|display=title}} cpjauzbt0ldocuptzxp3fk6onji067i 0 49122 302131 2026-07-13T08:26:24Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302131 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Modjo''' waa wabi ku yaal bartamaha [[Itoobiya]]. Waa wabi laamoodka [[Webiga Awash]], wabi laamoodkiisa waxaa ka mid ah Wedecha iyo Belbela. Warbixin ay soo saartay Ururka Xirfadlayaasha Waxqabadka ee Dadka, oo ah [[urur aan dowli ahayn]], ayaa ku andacootay in falanqaynta shaybaarka ee kiimikooyinka warshadaha sunta ah ee ku jira biyaha wabiga iyo xogta caafimaad ee dadka ku nool biyo-qabashada ay shaaca ka qaaday in Modjo uu yahay mid ka mid ah labada wabi ee ugu wasakhaysan Itoobiya.<ref>Habtamu Dugo, [http://old.i2i.org/main/article.php?article_id=1733&print=1 "Environment in Peril in Oromia, Ethiopia"], Independence Institute website, la daabacay 8 May 2009</ref><ref>Wondwossen Sintayehu, [http://www2.unitar.org/cwm/publications/cw/tw/tw10/written/gov/Ethiopia_Wondwossen_Sintayehu.pdf "Action Professionals’ Association for the People vs. Environmental Protection Authority: Report on the Public Interest Litigation Case instituted at the Federal First Instance Court of Ethiopia"], soo gudbinta Aqoon-is-weydaarsiga Mawduuca ee Maamulka, Ka-qaybgalka Bulshada Rayidka iyo Xoojinta Iskaashiga Maareynta Kiimikooyinka iyo Qashinka iyo Hirgelinta [[SAICM]], Machadka Qaramada Midoobay ee Tababarka iyo Cilmi-baarista (la helay 24 Abriil 2011)</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] *[[Liiska webiyada ugu wasakhaysan]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Akhris dheeraad ah == * Mario Sagria, ''et alia'', "Latest Pleistocene and Holocene river network evolution in the Ethiopian Lakes Region", ''Geomorphology'', '''94''' (2008), 79–97. {{coord|8|25|16|N|39|0|0|E|display=title}} h2hbgxx0uzx97z2dohdkh1etum8jffh 0 49123 302132 2026-07-13T08:28:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302132 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Webiga Sagan''' waa wabi xilliyeed ku yaal koonfurta [[Itoobiya]]. Waxa uu ka soo askumaa buuraha [[Buuraleyda Itoobiya]] ee dhanka bari ka xiga [[Harada Chamo]], waxa uu u qulqulaa koonfur ka dibna galbeed si uu ugu biiro [[Webiga Weito]] at {{coord|5|13|N|37|1|E|display=inline,title|region:ET_type:river}}. Waxa uu qeexayaa qayb ka mid ah xadka u dhexeeya [[Gobolka Qoomiyadaha, Qowmiyadaha iyo Shucuubta Koonfureed]] iyo [[Gobolka Oromiya]]. [[Wabi laamoodka|Wabi laamoodyada]] Sagan waxaa ka mid ah [[Talpeena]]. Sannadkii 2023, [[shuban-biyood]] ayaa laga raadraacay wabiga, iyadoo kiisaska la xaqiijiyay lagu tilmaamay inay ka dhasheen isticmaalka bini'aadamka ee biyaha wabiga.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-21 |title=Ethiopia: Cholera Outbreak - Flash Update #8 (as of 20 June 2023) - Ethiopia {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/ethiopia-cholera-outbreak-flash-update-8-20-june-2023 |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}</ref> Waqtigaas, dillaaca shuban-biyoodka ee dalka wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dheeraa taariikhda dalka ilaa maanta.<ref name=":0" /> == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Itoobiya]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reference list}} otq0d6pjpdq63id7z8kqjg0qv9em5yv 0 49124 302133 2026-07-13T08:30:22Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Hora-Dambal | image = Lake Ziway.jpg | caption = | image_bathymetry = Ethiopia_central_lakes.jpg | caption_bathymetry = | location = | coords = {{coord|08.00|N|38.83|E|region:ET_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} | type = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = Itoobiya | length = {{cvt|31|km}} | width = {{cvt|20|km}} | area = {{cvt|440|km2}} | depth = | max-depth = {{cvt|8.9|m}} | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{cvt|1636|m}} | islands = | cities = [[Batu (magaalo)|Batu]] | pushpin_map = Ethiopia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = Goobta Harada Zway ee Itoobiya. | pushpin_map_caption = | website = }} '''Harada Batu''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Hora-Dambal''' ama '''Dambal''' ([[Af-Oromo|Oromo]]: ''Hora Dambal'') waa mid ka mid ah [[harooyinka Dooxada Rift]] ee biyaha macaan ee [[Itoobiya]]. Waxay ku taallaa qiyaastii 100 mayl koonfurta [[Addis Ababa]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Leslau |first=Wolf |date=1999 |title=Dambal Ethiopic Documents: Grammar and Dictionary |location=Wiesbaden |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |page=xv |isbn=3447041625}}</ref> xadka u dhexeeya [[Oromiya]] iyo [[Gobolka Qoomiyadaha, Qowmiyadaha iyo Shucuubta Koonfureed]], degmooyinka haysta xeebta harada waa [[Adami Tullu and Jido Kombolcha|Adami Tullu-Jido Kombolcha]], [[Dugda (degmo)|Dugda]], iyo [[Batu (magaalo)|magaalada Batu]]. Magaalada [[Batu (magaalo)|Batu]] waxay ku taal xeebta galbeed ee harada. Harada waxaa inta badan quudiya laba wabi, [[Webiga Meki|Meki]] oo ka imanaya galbeedka iyo [[Webiga Katar|Katar]] oo ka imanaya bariga, waxaana biyaha ka saara [[Webiga Bulbula|Bulbula]] kaas oo ku shuba [[Harada Abijatta]]. Biyo-qabashada harada waxay leedahay bed dhan 7,025 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran.<ref>Robert Mepham, R. H. Hughes, and J. S. Hughes, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PP1 ''A directory of African wetlands''], (Cambridge: IUCN, UNEP and WCMC, 1992), p. 158</ref> Hora-Dambal waa 31 kiiloomitir dhererkeedu yahay iyo 20&nbsp;km ballaciisu yahay, oo leh bedka dusha sare oo ah 440 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran. Waxay leedahay qoto dheer oo ugu badan oo ah 9 mitir waxayna ku taal joogga 1,636 mitir.<ref>[http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/publications/Working_Papers/working/WP123.pdf "Water Resources and Irrigation Development in Ethiopia – IWMI"], Jadwalka 3. Xogta aasaasiga ah ee haydarooliga ee harooyinka iyo biyo-xireennada Itoobiya. (La helay 2 Luulyo 2011)</ref><ref>Google Earth</ref> Waxay leedahay qoto dheer oo ugu badan oo ah 4 mitir waxayna ku taal joogga 1,846 mitir.<ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=184&format=raw&Itemid=466 "Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)"], Jadwalka A.2. Website-ka Hay'adda Dhexe ee Tirakoobka (La helay 26 Diseembar 2009)</ref> Waxay ka kooban tahay shan jasiiradood, oo ay ku jiraan Debre Sina, Galila, Funduro, Tsedecha iyo Tulu Gudo, oo hoy u ah [[kalluun]] (macbad) la sheegay inuu ku jiray [[Sanduuqa Axdiga]] qiyaastii qarnigii sagaalaad. Xeebaha iyo jasiiradaha Hora Dambal waa hoyga [[dadka Zay]]. Dhaqanku wuxuu sheegayaa in markii [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi]] oo ka tirsan [[Saldanada Adal]] uu qabsaday Itoobiya, Masiixiyiinta aaggaasi ay magangelyo ka raadsadeen jasiiradaheeda. Waxaa markii dambe ka go'doonsaday inta kale ee Itoobiya [[dadka Oromada]], oo ku noolaa hareeraha harada. Waqtigii [[Menelik II]] uu qabsaday dhulka hareeraha harada, dadkii deganaa harada dib ayaa loo helay waxaana la ogaaday inay ilaashadeen labadaba caqiidadooda Masiixiga ah iyo tiro qoraallo qadiimi ah.<ref>Paul B. Henze, ''Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia'' (New York: Palgrave, 2000), pp. 113f, 152</ref> Sahamiyaha qarnigii 20-aad [[Herbert Weld Blundell]] wuxuu ku tilmaamay inuu helay "laba barxadood oo kala duwan oo xeebo hore ah oo kor u kacay qiyaastii 80 cagood heerka hadda, kuwaas oo samaynaya giraan ku dhow harada waqooyiga, qiyaastii 4 mayl xeebta, taasoo calaamad u ah bassin hore." Xeebaha waqooyi waxaa daboolay [[Cyperus papyrus|papyrus]]. Weld Blundell wuxuu ku darayaa xisaabtiisa "dhaqan cajiib ah, laga yaabee inuu soo jeediyay xeebta kor u kacday," iyo in haradu "ay ahayd boqortooyo 50 mayl ballac ah, oo ay ku noolaayeen toddobaatan iyo siddeed madax," taas oo baaba'day habeen keliya.<ref>H. Weld Blundell, "Exploration in the Abai Basin, Abyssinia", ''The Geographical Journal'', 27 (1906), pp. 529–551</ref> Haradu waxay caan ku tahay dadkeeda badan ee shimbiraha iyo [[jeer]]-ka. Waxay kaloo taageertaa [[Kalluumeysiga Itoobiya|warshad kalluumeysi]]; sida laga soo xigtay Waaxda Kalluumeysiga iyo Biyaha ee Itoobiya, 2454 tan oo kalluun ah ayaa la soo dejiyaa sannad kasta, taas oo waaxdu ku qiyaastay inay tahay 83% qaddarkeeda waara.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/ETH/body.htm "Information on Fisheries Management in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia"] (warbixin taariikhdu ahayd Janaayo, 2003)</ref> == Xusuusin == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070703040928/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dsafr018.html Gelitaanka Database-ka ILEC ee Harada Zway] {{Authority control}} hxahf24aj9cvc6dh31y6v4cz2mb7ezl 0 49125 302134 2026-07-13T08:34:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Kawa | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Map of rivers of Togo OSM.png | map_size = 200 | map_caption = Togo oo leh Webiga Kawa oo ka qulqula Webiga Kara | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Togo]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|520|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Afka wabiga|Afka]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = {{convert|185|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Webiga Kara]] | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|9|38|58|N|0|55|19|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = }} '''Webiga Kawa''' waa [[wabi xilliyeed]] iyo [[wabi laamood]] ku yaal [[Gobolka Kara]] ee [[Togo]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominatim Demo |url=https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/ui/details.html?osmtype=W&osmid=247578608 |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=nominatim.openstreetmap.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stephens |first=Moore |date=2016 |title=Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Togo |url=https://itietogo.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Report-EITI-Togo-2016-translation-Vdef.pdf |journal= |publisher=EITI Togo. |publication-date=January 2016 |pages=102}}</ref> Wabigu wuxuu ka qulqulaa [[Webiga Kara (Togo)|Webiga Kara]] meel u dhow [[Agbande]] wuxuuna ku biiraa [[Webiga Katassou]] meel u dhow [[Binako]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kawa / Kawa, Togo (general), Togo, Africa |url=https://travelingluck.com/Africa/Togo/Togo+(general)/_2366103_Kawa.html |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=travelingluck.com}}</ref> Ciidda Webiga Kawa ayaa lagula taliyay [[Catchment|shaqooyinka qabashada]] in kasta oo wabigu aanu lahayn marin waddo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Beyama |first1=N. |last2=Togbe |first2=K. A. |date=2021 |title=Caractéristiques physiques, chimiques et hydrodynamiques des sables de la riviere MO - Ouda du Togo : Utilite dans les ouvrages de captage d'eau |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jrsul/article/view/240081 |journal=Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Université de Lomé |language=en |volume=24 |issue=1–2 |pages=93–113 |issn=2413-354X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zahorka |first=Herwig |date=2001-01-01 |title=A Tumon Dayak burial ritual (Ayah Besar): description and interpretation of its masks, disguises, and ritual practices. (Research Notes) |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=00067806&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA93533241&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs |journal=Borneo Research Bulletin |language=English |pages=84–103}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} cmxb81l9wee83as794i0og5tesv0zjk 0 49126 302135 2026-07-13T08:37:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302135 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Zio Couffo OMS.png|right|thumb|300px|Couffo (midig).]] '''Couffo''' ama '''Kouffo''' waa [[wabi]] ku yaal [[Galbeedka Afrika]]. Waxa uu ka soo askumaa [[Togo]] laakiin wuxuu inta badan socodkiisa dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|125|km|adj=on}} maraa [[Benin]], isagoo ku shuba [[Harada Ahémé]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Houngnikpo |first1=Mathurin C. |last2=Decalo |first2=Samuel |date=2013 |title=Historical Dictionary of Benin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0yGPTsRubWEC&pg=PA121 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |page=121 |isbn=978-0810871717 |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref> Waxa uu qayb ka yahay xadka Togo iyo Benin, sidoo kale wuxuu u adeegaa xadka u dhexeeya [[Kouffo Department|Kouffo]] iyo [[Zou Department|Zou]] ee dalka Benin. == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[Liiska webiyada Afrika]] == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{Coord|6.603|1.979|display=title}} agcydp9jh6s8yjrqcl0gomwpagzcq77 0 49127 302136 2026-07-13T08:40:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302136 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lagune in Aného.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Muuqaal guud oo ku saabsan harada ku taal Aného, Togo]] '''Harada Togo''' ''([[Af-Faransiis|Faransiis]]: Lac Togo)'' waa qaybta ugu weyn ee [[harada]] ku taal [[Togo]], oo ay ka soocday Badweynta Atlaantik dhul xeebeed cidhiidhi ah. Waa mid gacmeed waxaana ay caan ku tahay [[ciyaaraha biyaha]]. Magaalooyinka ku yaal xeebta harada waxaa ka mid ah [[Agbodrafo]] iyo [[Togoville]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Room |first= Adrian |title= Placenames of the World |url=https://archive.org/details/placenamesofworl00room |url-access=registration |year=1997 |publisher= McFarland & Company |isbn=0-7864-1814-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/placenamesofworl00room/page/360 360]}}</ref> Gaadiidka harada badanaa waa [[pirogue]] (dooni).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.togo-tourisme.com/villes-togo/togoville |title=Togoville |publisher=Togo Tourism |accessdate=21 November 2016}}</ref> == Asalka Harada Togo == Harada Togo waa qiyaastii {{convert|15|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} dhererkeedu yahay, {{convert|6|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} ballaciisu yahay iyo 64&nbsp;km² oo bed ah. Waxay biyo ka heshaa [[Webiga Sio]] oo dhanka koonfur-galbeed ah iyo durdurro kale oo yaryar oo dhanka galbeed iyo bari ah iyo [[Webiga Haho]] oo ka soo gala waqooyiga. Harada waxaa badda ka soocay sandbar qiyaastii hal kiiloomitir ballac ah. Biyuhu waxay u baxaan dhanka bari iyada oo loo marayo qayb u eg kanaal halkaas oo ay biyo ka hesho [[Harada Vogan]], oo u dhow, yar, waxayna sii socotaa nidaamka harada ee xeebta dherarkeeda.<ref name=Hughes/> Waddo weyn ayaa ka gudubta xeebta koonfurta harada iyo waddooyinka maxalliga ah oo ku wareegsan harada, iyagoo isku xira tuulooyinka yaryar. Aaggu si weyn looguma noola oo waxaa jira dalxiis yar. Dhaqaaluhu wuxuu ku tiirsan yahay beerashada ballaaran iyo kalluumeysiga, iyada oo la isticmaalayo [[seine net]] (shabaag) kalluunka ayaana lagu iibiyaa magaalooyinka maxalliga ah. [[Qumbaha]] waxaa lagu beeraa inta u dhaxaysa harada iyo xeebta, waxaana jira beeraha qumbaha iyo [[Elaeis|timirta saliidda]] ee bannaannada fatahaadda ee waqooyiga harada.<ref name=Hughes/> == Duurjoogta == Harada Togo, oo ay weheliso Harada Vogan oo u dhow yar iyo harooyin kale oo xeebta ah, waxay samaysaa aag muhiim u ah shimbiraha. Waxaa ku hareeraysan bannaannada fatahaadda kuwaas oo lagu daboolay cawska fatahaadda caadiga ah, iyo ''[[Phragmites]]'' iyo ''[[Typha]]'' kuwaas oo ka dhaca meelaha qoyan. Ma jiraan geedo mangrove ah sababtoo ah harooyinkani maaha kuwo la saameeyo hirarka. Waqtiyada marka biyaha fatahaaddu ay ku jiraan harooyinka, [[Pistia|water cabbage]] (''Pistia stratiotes'') oo si degdeg ah u koraya ayaa soo baxa.<ref name=Hughes>{{cite book|author=Hughes, R.H.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA443 |year=1992 |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-88032-949-5 |page=443}}</ref> Harada, dhulalka qoyan, harooyinka, iyo ciidda xeebta ee aaggan waxay bixiyaan meelo lagu nasto ee shimbiraha biyaha iyo terns-ka soo haajira inta ay ku jiraan dariiqooda dhanka galbeed ee Afrika.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.africanbirdclub.org/countries/Togo/ibas |title=Togo: Important Bird Areas |date=25 January 2015 |publisher=African Bird Club |accessdate=21 November 2016}}</ref> Kalluunka ku jira harada waa labadaba asalkoodu yahay badda iyo wabiga, noocyada ugu caansan waa ''[[Tilapia]]'' iyo kalluunka carfish ''[[Chrysichthys]]''. Invertebrates waxaa ka mid ah gastropod molluscs ''[[Pachymelania]]'' spp. iyo ''[[Tympanotonos fuscatus]]'' iyo crustaceans ''[[Farfantepenaeus duorarum]]'' iyo ''[[Callinectes latimanus]]''.<ref name=Hughes/> == Tixraacyo == {{Commons category}} {{coord|display=title}} {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Togo}} tqmtiq4h0j4k5cvzadl2quw4xj0qc26 0 49128 302137 2026-07-13T08:44:02Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Pendé | native_name ={{native name|fr|Rivière Pendé}} | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Charirivermap.png | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda muujinaysa Webiga Pendé (dhexda bidix) ee ku dhex jira biyo-mareenka Webiga Chari | pushpin_map = | push... 302137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Pendé | native_name ={{native name|fr|Rivière Pendé}} | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Charirivermap.png | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda muujinaysa Webiga Pendé (dhexda bidix) ee ku dhex jira biyo-mareenka Webiga Chari | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Jaad]]|[[Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|128|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Webiga Logone]] ee Kim, [[Jaad]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|9|5|20|N|16|27|55|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|375|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|15325|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Pendé''' ({{langx|fr|Rivière Pendé}}) waa wabi ku yaal bartamaha [[Afrika]]. Waxa uu ka soo askumaa [[Ouham-Pendé]] ee [[Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa waqooyi, isagoo sameeya qayb yar oo ka mid ah xadka caalamiga ah ee u dhexeeya Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe iyo [[Jaad]]. Ugu dambayntii wuxuu ku biiraa [[Webiga Logone]] meel u dhow [[Kim (Jaad)|Kim]]. Taariikh ahaan wuxuu magaciisa siiyay degmada maamulka Faransiiska ee [[Pendé]], taas oo loo dhiibay Jarmalka qayb ka mid ah [[Neukamerun]] heshiiskii [[qasri Fez]] 1912. == Haydaroometeri == Qulqulka wabiga oo la daawaday muddo 28 sano ah (1947–75) gudaha [[Doba, Jaad|Doba]], oo ah magaalo ku taal Jaad qiyaastii 70&nbsp;km kor ka xiga afka uu ka galo Logon,<ref>[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1537250.html GRDC – Der Pendé in Doba]</ref> ayaa lagu arkay celceliska qulqulka sannadlaha ah oo ah 128&nbsp;m³ / s oo ay quudiyaan aag qiyaastii 14.300&nbsp;km², taas oo ah inta badan wadarta guud ee aagga biyo-qabashada ee wabiga. {{center| '''Celceliska qulqulka billaha ah ee saldhigga haydarooliga ee wabiga Pendé ee Doba (oo ah m³ / s)''' (Loo xisaabiyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo xogta muddo 28 sano ah, 1947–75) <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:250 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:600 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:100 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Janawari bar:Fév text:Febraayo bar:Mar text:Maarso bar:Avr text:Abriil bar:Mai text:Maajo bar:Jun text:Juun bar:Jul text:Luulyo bar:Aoû text:Agoosto bar:Sep text:Sebt. bar:Oct text:Okt. bar:Nov text:Nof. bar:Déc text:Dis. PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 15.4 bar:Fév from:0 till: 9.1 bar:Mar from:0 till: 4.9 bar:Avr from:0 till: 4.9 bar:Mai from:0 till: 10.1 bar:Jun from:0 till: 18.9 bar:Jul from:0 till: 90.4 bar:Aoû from:0 till: 300 bar:Sep from:0 till: 555 bar:Oct from:0 till: 376 bar:Nov from:0 till: 110 bar:Déc from:0 till: 36.9 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 15.4 fontsize:S text: 15,4 shift:(-10,5) bar:Fév at: 9.1 fontsize:S text: 9,1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 4.9 fontsize:S text: 4,9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Avr at: 4.9 fontsize:S text: 4,9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mai at: 10.1 fontsize:S text: 10,1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 18.9 fontsize:S text: 18,9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 90.4 fontsize:S text: 90,4 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aoû at: 300 fontsize:S text: 300 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 555 fontsize:S text: 555 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 376 fontsize:S text: 376 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 110 fontsize:S text: 110 shift:(-10,5) bar:Déc at: 36.9 fontsize:S text: 36,9 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> }} == Tixraacyo == <references /> {{Rivers of the Central African Republic}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pende River}} e84zm1hz5ckq8eyw4yvt583ff6caygc 0 49129 302138 2026-07-13T08:45:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Jaad]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|9|27|N|18|06|E|region:TD_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} | extra = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Plaines d'inondation des Bahr Aouk et Salamat | designation1_date = 1 May 2006 | designation1_number = 1621<ref>{{Cite web|title=Plaines d'inondation des Bahr Aouk et Salamat|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1621|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} }} '''Bahr Salamat''' waa [[wabi xilliyeed]] ku yaal [[Jaad]]. Waxa uu u qulqulaa dhanka koonfureed, waana wabi laamoodka [[Webiga Chari]]. Marka wabiga Bahr Salamat uu qulqulo, waxa uu maraa bulshada [[Am Timan]] iyo sidoo kale [[Kaydka Xoolaha ee Bahr Salamat]] ee dalka Jaad. Webiga Chari waa isha ugu weyn ee biyaha [[Harada Jaad]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chari River {{!}} river, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Chari-River |access-date=2025-03-29 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == *[[:Category:Webiga Chari|Mawduucyada Webiga Chari]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} no77p7n82n9hw5k3k2q4s3vhlxbk8mx 0 49130 302139 2026-07-13T09:03:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Ouham | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Bahr Sarh; Bahr Sara | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Charirivermap.png | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda muujinaysa Chari oo uu ku jiro Ouham (Badhtamaha hoose) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Jaad]]|[[Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalooyin | subdivision_name5 = {{hlist|[[Bossangoa]]|[[Bozoum]]}} <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|676|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|480|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|6|11|N|15|14|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1139|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Webiga Chari]] waqooyiga [[Sarh]], [[Jaad]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|9|18|59|N|18|13|35|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|364|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|70000|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = [[Nana Barya]] | tributaries_right = [[Fafa River|Fafa]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Ouham''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Afrika Dhexe]], waana mid ka mid ah biyo-mareennada ugu waaweyn ee [[Webiga Chari]]. Ouham waxa uu ka soo askumaa [[Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]] inta u dhaxaysa maamul-goboleedyada [[Nana-Mambéré]] iyo [[Ouham-Pendé]], wuxuuna u gudbaa [[Jaad]] halkaas oo uu ku biiro Chari qiyaastii 25&nbsp;km waqooyiga [[Sarh]]. Wabi laamoodyadiisu waa [[Baba River (Ouham)|Baba]], [[Fafa River|Fafa]], [[Nana Bakassa]], iyo [[Nana Barya]]. == Haydaroometeri == Qulqulka wabiga waxaa la daawaday muddo 33 sano ah (1951–84) gudaha Moïssala oo ah magaalo ku taal Jaad qiyaastii 150&nbsp;km kor ka xiga afka uu ka galo Chari.<ref>[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1537450.html GRDC - The Bahr Sara at Moïssala]</ref> Magaalada Moïssala, celceliska qulqulka sannadlaha ah ee la daawaday muddadan wuxuu ahaa 480 m³ / s oo ay quudiyaan aag qiyaastii 67,600&nbsp;km {{sup|2}} qiyaastii 95% wadarta guud ee aagga biyo-qabashada ee wabiga. <div class="center"> '''Celceliska qulqulka billaha ah ee wabiga Sara ee saldhigga haydarooliga ee Moïssala (oo ah m³ / s)''' (Loo xisaabiyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo xogta muddo 33 sano ah, 1951–84) <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:280 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:1500 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:200 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:100 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Janawari bar:Fév text:Febraayo bar:Mar text:Maarso bar:Avr text:Abriil bar:Mai text:Maajo bar:Jun text:Juun bar:Jul text:Luulyo bar:Aoû text:Agoosto bar:Sep text:Sebt. bar:Oct text:Okt. bar:Nov text:Nof. bar:Déc text:Dis. PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 197 bar:Fév from:0 till: 130 bar:Mar from:0 till: 85 bar:Avr from:0 till: 66 bar:Mai from:0 till: 95 bar:Jun from:0 till: 140 bar:Jul from:0 till: 327 bar:Aoû from:0 till: 870 bar:Sep from:0 till: 1430 bar:Oct from:0 till: 1303 bar:Nov from:0 till: 749 bar:Déc from:0 till: 367 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 197 fontsize:S text: 197 shift:(-10,5) bar:Fév at: 130 fontsize:S text: 130 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 85 fontsize:S text: 85 shift:(-10,5) bar:Avr at: 66 fontsize:S text: 66 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mai at: 95 fontsize:S text: 95 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 140 fontsize:S text: 140 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 327 fontsize:S text: 327 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aoû at: 870 fontsize:S text: 870 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 1430 fontsize:S text: 1.430 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 1303 fontsize:S text: 1.303 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 749 fontsize:S text: 749 shift:(-10,5) bar:Déc at: 367 fontsize:S text: 367 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> </div> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Mashruuca buuxinta Harada Jaad]] * [[Biyo-mareen]] == Tixraacyo == <references/> re4rhoztth36jtotmfwqnovmud3e6r4 0 49131 302140 2026-07-13T09:05:38Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Nana Barya | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = Charirivermap.png | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda muujinaysa Chari oo uu ku jiro Nana Barya (dhexda bidix) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Jaad]]|[[Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Webiga Ouham]] oo ku taal xadka [[Jaad]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|7|58|43|N|17|43|35|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|387|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Webiga Nana Barya''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Afrika Dhexe]]. Waxa uu ka soo askumaa galbeedka [[Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]] ee degmada [[Ouham-Pendé]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa waqooyi-bari, isagoo samaynaya qayb ka mid ah xadka caalamiga ah ee u dhexeeya Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe iyo [[Jaad]]. Gudaha Jaad waxa uu ku shubaa [[Webiga Ouham]]. [[Kaydka Xoolaha ee Nana Barya]], ayaa ka kooban [[aag la ilaaliyo]] oo ku wareegsan bannaanka fatahaadda ee waqooyiga wabiga.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=R. H. |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/A_Directory_of_African_Wetlands/VLjafeXa3gMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Nana%20Barya%20River&pg=PA486&printsec=frontcover |title=A Directory of African Wetlands |date=1992 |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-88032-949-5 |pages=486 |language=en}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska webiyada Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]] * [[Kaydka Xoolaha ee Nana Barya]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reference list}} jsf7buvlvqlram951y97m91pj9nlges 0 49132 302141 2026-07-13T09:07:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Bahr Aouk | native_name = | native_name_lang = | name_other = Aoukalé | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | map = | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda muujinaysa Chari oo uu ku jiro Bahr Aouk (dhexda midig) | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = {{hlist|[[Jaad]]|[[Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]]}} | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> |length_km=650 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = | source1_location = [[Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = [[Webiga Chari]] oo ku taal xadka gobolka Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe, [[Jaad]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|8|50|42|N|18|52|35|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|367|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = |basin_size_km2=103577 | tributaries_left = [[Webiga Bahr Kameur]]; Teté; Gourdai | tributaries_right = | custom_label = Xaaladda ilaalinta | custom_data = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Plaines d'inondation des Bahr Aouk et Salamat | designation1_date = 1 May 2006 | designation1_number = 1621<ref>{{Cite web|title=Plaines d'inondation des Bahr Aouk et Salamat|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1621|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} | extra = }} '''Webiga Bahr Aouk''' waa wabi ku yaal bartamaha [[Afrika]]. Waxa uu ka soo askumaa bariga [[Jaad]] oo ku taal xadka [[Suudaan]] wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfur-galbeed, isagoo samaynaya qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah xadka caalamiga ah ee u dhexeeya Jaad iyo [[Jamhuuriyadda Afrikada Dhexe]]. Bahr Aouk wuxuu ku biiraa [[Webiga Chari]], kaas oo ka baxa xadka uuna u qulqulo waqooyi gudaha Jaad. == Haydaroometeri == Qulqulka wabiga waxaa la daawaday muddo 22 sano ah (1952–74) gudaha [[Golongoso]], oo ah magaalo ku taal meel u dhow meesha uu Bahr Aouk uu kaga biirayo Chari.<ref>[http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1537700.html GRDC - The Bahr Aouk at Golongoso]</ref> Celceliska qulqulka sannadlaha ah ee la cabbiray muddadan wuxuu ahaa {{convert|74|m3/s|cuft/s}}, isagoo ka soo qulqulaya aag qiyaastii {{convert|96000|km2|mi2}} kaas oo ah saamiga ugu sarreeya ee wadarta guud ee aagga biyo-qabashada ee wabiga. {{center| '''Celceliska qulqulka billaha ah ee wabiga Bahr Aouk ee saldhigga haydarooliga ee Golongosso (oo ah m³ / s)''' <br /> (Loo xisaabiyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo xogta muddo 22 sano ah, 1952–74) <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.8) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.9) ImageSize = width:600 height:250 PlotArea = left:40 bottom:40 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:220 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:40 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:20 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:Jan text:Janawari bar:Fév text:Febraayo bar:Mar text:Maarso bar:Avr text:Abriil bar:Mai text:Maajo bar:Jun text:Juun bar:Jul text:Luulyo bar:Aoû text:Agoosto bar:Sep text:Sebt. bar:Oct text:Okt. bar:Nov text:Nof. bar:Déc text:Dis. PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:Jan from:0 till: 72.2 bar:Fév from:0 till: 30.9 bar:Mar from:0 till: 19.4 bar:Avr from:0 till: 13.1 bar:Mai from:0 till: 9.9 bar:Jun from:0 till: 14.6 bar:Jul from:0 till: 17.7 bar:Aoû from:0 till: 47.9 bar:Sep from:0 till: 122 bar:Oct from:0 till: 196 bar:Nov from:0 till: 201 bar:Déc from:0 till: 147 PlotData= bar:Jan at: 72.2 fontsize:S text: 72,2 shift:(-10,5) bar:Fév at: 30.9 fontsize:S text: 30,9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mar at: 19.4 fontsize:S text: 19,4 shift:(-10,5) bar:Avr at: 13.1 fontsize:S text: 13,1 shift:(-10,5) bar:Mai at: 9.9 fontsize:S text: 9,9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jun at: 14.6 fontsize:S text: 14,6 shift:(-10,5) bar:Jul at: 17.7 fontsize:S text: 17,7 shift:(-10,5) bar:Aoû at: 47.9 fontsize:S text: 47,9 shift:(-10,5) bar:Sep at: 122 fontsize:S text: 122 shift:(-10,5) bar:Oct at: 196 fontsize:S text: 196 shift:(-10,5) bar:Nov at: 201 fontsize:S text: 201 shift:(-10,5) bar:Déc at: 147 fontsize:S text: 147 shift:(-10,5) </timeline> }} == Tixraacyo == <references/> 27e8o7gwjjm1ocqdnbwwqcsju0t2sfr 0 49133 302142 2026-07-13T09:09:31Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Bahr el-Ghazal | image = | image_caption = | source1_location = | source1_elevation = | mouth_location = | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Jaad]] | length = | discharge1_avg = | basin_size = }} '''Bahr el-Ghazal''' (بحر الغزال) waa [[wadi]], ama sariir wabi oo qallalan, oo ku taal bartamaha [[Jaad]]. Marka biyuhu dhex maraan (taas oo xilligan casriga ah dhacda oo keliya munaasabadaha naadirka ah ee [[roobabka ba'an]]), waxay u qulqulaan koonfur-galbeed ilaa waqooyi-bari, iyagoo ka fogaanaya [[Harada Jaad]] kuna sii qulqulaya [[Bodélé Depression]].<ref name="Armitage15">{{cite journal|title=West African monsoon dynamics inferred from abrupt fluctuations of Lake Mega-Chad|author=Simon J. Armitage|journal=PNAS|doi=10.1073/pnas.1417655112|year=2015|pmc=4507243|pmid=26124133|volume=112|issue=28|pages=8543–8|bibcode=2015PNAS..112.8543A|doi-access=free}}</ref> "Sill"-ka Bahr el-Ghazal waa barta ugu hooseysa ee qulqulka u dhexeeya Harada Jaad iyo badweynta Bodélé. Waqtiyadii hore, markii Harada Jaad ay buuxsantay ilaa heerkan oo ay fatahay, waxaa daadgureeyey Bahr el-Ghazal.<ref name="Armitage15" /> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{coord|17.0311|N|18.2208|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} 1fagzlf5rykhiwtiwazrzhh8mnrdh8p 0 49134 302143 2026-07-13T09:11:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Jaad]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|12.8452|17.601}} }} '''Webiga Batha''' waa [[wabi xilliyeed]] ku yaal [[Jaad]]. Sida webiyada ama harooyinka kale ee gobolkan, jiritaankiisu wuxuu ku xiran yahay qadarka roobka. Delta-da wabiga ayaa ku taal [[Harada Fitri]] ee dalka Jaad. Webiga Batha wuxuu biyaha u qaadaa dhanka galbeed isagoo ka imanaya [[buuraha Ouaddaï]] xilliyada roobka, badanaana inta lagu jiro fatahaadaha kediska ah.<ref>[http://countrystudies.us/chad/15.htm Country studies]</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} cfj449oqtdv355j03v3pavpvmvytkv0 0 49135 302144 2026-07-13T09:14:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | map = Côte d'Ivoire map.png | map_caption = Khariidadda Xeebta Maroodiga oo muujinaysa Webiga Sassandra ee qaybta galbeed ee dalka }} {{Short description|Wabi ku yaal Xeebta Maroodiga}} {{More citations needed|date=October 2015}} '''Webiga Sassandra''' waa wabi ku yaal galbeedka [[Xeebta Maroodiga]] ee [[Galbeedka Afrika]]. Waxa uu ka samaysmaa isku-darka [[Webiga Tienba]], oo ka soo askuma buuraha waqooyi-galbeed ee Xeebta Maroodiga, iyo [[Webiga Gouan]] (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Webiga Bafing Sud), oo ka soo askuma dhanka galbeed ee buuraha [[Guinea]]. Sassandra waxa uu u qulqulaa koonfur-konefureed si uu ugu shubo [[Gacanka Guinea]] ee [[Badweynta Atlaantik]]. [[Biyo-xireenka Buyo]] ayaa laga dhisay qaybta dhexe ee wabiga sanadkii 1980, wax yar ka hooseeya halka uu kaga biiro [[Webiga Nzo]], si loo abuuro kaydka biyaha ee loo yaqaan [[Harada Buyo]]. [[Webiga Davo]] ayaa ku biira Sassandra wax yar ka hor inta uusan gaarin badda. Magaalada [[dekadda]] ee [[Sassandra]] waxay ku taal xeebta badda halkaas oo wabigu uu kula kulmo badda. Sassandra iyo webi laamoodyadiisu waxay dhex maraan [[deegaan-bay'eed]] dhulka ah. Qaybta waqooyi, ama qaybta sare, ee biyaha-qabashada waxay ku taal deegaan-bay'eedka [[Guinean forest-savanna mosaic]]. Dhanka koonfureed, waxay samaysaa xadka u dhexeeya laba [[kaymaha qoyan ee kulaylaha iyo kuwa kulaylaha-hoosaadka]], [[Western Guinean lowland forests]] iyo [[Eastern Guinean forests]].<ref>"Western Guinean lowland forests." World Wildlife Fund. Accessed 7 October 2015. [http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0130]</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|4.95972|N|6.07722|W|source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} 1jz4t26ifd88xxz4a80ec1fgrc90mpy 302145 302144 2026-07-13T09:14:27Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | map = Côte d'Ivoire map.png | map_caption = Khariidadda Xeebta Maroodiga oo muujinaysa Webiga Sassandra ee qaybta galbeed ee dalka }} '''Webiga Sassandra''' waa wabi ku yaal galbeedka [[Xeebta Maroodiga]] ee [[Galbeedka Afrika]]. Waxa uu ka samaysmaa isku-darka [[Webiga Tienba]], oo ka soo askuma buuraha waqooyi-galbeed ee Xeebta Maroodiga, iyo [[Webiga Gouan]] (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Webiga Bafing Sud), oo ka soo askuma dhanka galbeed ee buuraha [[Guinea]]. Sassandra waxa uu u qulqulaa koonfur-konefureed si uu ugu shubo [[Gacanka Guinea]] ee [[Badweynta Atlaantik]]. [[Biyo-xireenka Buyo]] ayaa laga dhisay qaybta dhexe ee wabiga sanadkii 1980, wax yar ka hooseeya halka uu kaga biiro [[Webiga Nzo]], si loo abuuro kaydka biyaha ee loo yaqaan [[Harada Buyo]]. [[Webiga Davo]] ayaa ku biira Sassandra wax yar ka hor inta uusan gaarin badda. Magaalada [[dekadda]] ee [[Sassandra]] waxay ku taal xeebta badda halkaas oo wabigu uu kula kulmo badda. Sassandra iyo webi laamoodyadiisu waxay dhex maraan [[deegaan-bay'eed]] dhulka ah. Qaybta waqooyi, ama qaybta sare, ee biyaha-qabashada waxay ku taal deegaan-bay'eedka [[Guinean forest-savanna mosaic]]. Dhanka koonfureed, waxay samaysaa xadka u dhexeeya laba [[kaymaha qoyan ee kulaylaha iyo kuwa kulaylaha-hoosaadka]], [[Western Guinean lowland forests]] iyo [[Eastern Guinean forests]].<ref>"Western Guinean lowland forests." World Wildlife Fund. Accessed 7 October 2015. [http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0130]</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|4.95972|N|6.07722|W|source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} 4lhpw24a3eik6sde69aaw8pz4fuwilc 0 49136 302146 2026-07-13T09:16:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302146 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Côte d'Ivoire map.png|frame|right|Khariidadda Xeebta Maroodiga oo muujinaysa Webiga Bandama ee bartamaha dalka]] '''Webiga Bandama''' waa wabiga ugu dheer [[Xeebta Maroodiga]] oo dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii 800 oo kiiloomitir. Wabiga koonfurta u qulqula waxaa quudiya webiyada [[Marahoué River|Marahoué]], [[Solomougou River|Solomougou]], [[Kan River|Kan]] iyo [[Nzi River|Nzi]] wuxuuna ku shubaa [[Tagba Lagoon]] iyo [[Gacanka Guinea]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gulf of Guinea {{!}} Africa, Map, Location, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Gulf-of-Guinea |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Bandama wuxuu dhex maraa [[Harada Kossou]], oo ah haro macmal ah oo weyn oo la sameeyay 1973 markii la dhisay [[Biyo-xireenka Kossou]] oo ku yaal [[Kossou]]. [[Yamoussoukro]], oo ah caasimadda [[Xeebta Maroodiga]], waxay ku taal meel u dhow Webiga Bandama. [[Rallye Côte d'Ivoire]] ayaa inta badan lagu qabtaa agagaarka Bandama. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons}} * [http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9356502 concise.britannica.com] * [http://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/ivory-coast/GEOGRAPHY.html country-study] at mongabay.com {{coord|5|08|18|N|4|59|47|W|region:CI_type:river_source:kolossus-ruwiki|display=title}} kschgyokh0hhrglj1nsca2efk2b7pnp 0 49137 302147 2026-07-13T09:18:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302147 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:N'Zi bei Dimbokro.jpg|thumb|Webiga N'Zi oo u dhow Dimbokro]] '''Webiga Nzi''' ama '''Webiga N'zi''' waa wabi ku yaal [[Xeebta Maroodiga]]. Waa wabi laamoodka [[Webiga Bandama]]. 6-dii Sebteembar 2016, buundada tareenka ee korka marta wabigan oo u dhow [[Dimbokro]] ayaa [[Nzi River Bridge collapse|go'day]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2016-09-16 |title=Rail Services Suspended due to Collapsed Bridge between Ivory Coast and Burkina Faso |url=http://www.railwaysafrica.com/news/rail-services-suspended-due-to-collapsed-bridge-between-ivory-coast-and-burkina-faso |website=Railways Africa}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{coord|5.9507|-4.8326|type:river_region:CI|format=dms|display=title}} 3al08lzk6wgf1rq7im84x4seic5ya1d 0 49138 302148 2026-07-13T09:19:53Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302148 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bandama2.JPG|right|thumb|Webiga Marahoué oo u dhow [[Bouaflé]]]] '''Webiga Marahoué''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Bandama Rouge''', waa wabi ku yaal [[Xeebta Maroodiga]]. Wabiga koonfurta u qulqula waa wabi laamoodka [[Webiga Bandama]], kaas oo ku biira koonfurta [[Harada Kossou]], oo ah haro macmal ah oo weyn oo la sameeyay 1973 markii la dhisay [[Biyo-xireenka Kossou]] oo ku yaal [[Kossou]]. == Juqraafi == Webiga Marahoué dhererkiisu waa qiyaastii {{convert|550|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}. Waxa uu ka soo askumaa koonfur-galbeed ee [[Boundiali]] ee gobolka [[Bagoué]] ee degmada [[Savanes District|Savanes]]. Waxa uu u qulqulaa dhanka koonfureed si uu ugu biiro bangiga midig ee Bandama inta u dhaxaysa [[Bouaflé]] iyo [[Yamoussoukro]] ka dib safar qiyaastii 550 km ah. Wabi laamoodyadiisa ugu waaweyn waa Webiga Yarani iyo Webiga Béré.<ref name=Atlas>{{cite book |title=Atlas of the World |last=Philip's |year=1994 |publisher=Reed International |isbn=0-540-05831-9 |page=100}}</ref> Waxa uu magaciisa siiyay gobolka [[Marahoué]] iyo [[Beerta Qaranka ee Marahoué]]. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{coord|6.8994|-5.5287|type:river_region:CI|format=dms|display=title}} d8f4bubecjacexb0l2towkvd57t2hqh 0 49139 302149 2026-07-13T09:22:25Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Webiga Komoé | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Webiga Comoé | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = File:Comoe near Folonzo MS 1262.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Webiga Comoé oo u dhow [[Folonzo]] | map = Côte d'Ivoire map.png | map_size = | map_caption = Khariidadda Xeebta Maroodiga oo muujinaysa Webiga Komoé ee qaybta bari ee dalka | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 5 <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Burkina Faso]], [[Xeebta Maroodiga]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|759|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = Sikasso Plateau | source1_location = [[Bobo-Dioulasso Department]], [[Houet Province]], [[Burkina Faso]] | source1_coordinates= {{coord|10|58|N|004|30|W|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|525|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = [[Grand-Bassam]] | mouth_location = [[Gacanka Guinea]], Badweynta Atlaantik, [[Xeebta Maroodiga]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|5|11|30|N|003|43|20|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = [[Webiga Léraba]] | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} [[File:Pg269 Bords du Comoë à Attakrou.jpg|thumb|left|Agagaarka Webiga Komoé, 1892]] '''Webiga Komoé''' ama '''Webiga Comoé''' waa wabi ku yaal Galbeedka [[Afrika]]. Wabigu wuxuu ka soo askumaa Sikasso Plateau ee [[Burkina Faso]],<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|author1=Rupley, Lawrence A. |author2=Bangali, Lamissa |author3=Diamitani, Boureima |title=Sikasso Plateau|year=2013|encyclopedia=Historical Dictionary of Burkina Faso|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Scarecrow Press|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=HnRbA-pYcegC&pg=PA197 197]|isbn=978-0-8108-6770-3}}</ref> wuxuuna dhex maraa [[Cascades de Karfiguéla]], wuxuuna sameeyaa qayb yar oo ka mid ah xadka u dhexeeya Burkina Faso iyo [[Xeebta Maroodiga]] ka hor inta uusan gelin Xeebta Maroodiga. Waxa uu u adeegaa sidii biyo-mareenka ugu weyn ee qaybta waqooyi-bari ee dalkaas ka hor inta uusan ku shubin Atlaantik.<ref name="Mepham1991">{{cite book|last=Mepham|first=Robert|title=IUCN Directory of African Wetlands|publisher=Pinter Pub. Ltd.|year=1991|isbn=2-88032-949-3}}</ref> Bangiyada Komoé waxaa harreeyay kaymo [[riparian]] ah inta badan dhererkiisa, taas oo bixisa deegaan muhiim u ah duurjoogta iyo ilaha [[biyaha beeraha]].<ref name="Mepham1991" /> Halkaas oo [[bannaannada fatahaadda]] la isku halayn karo ay ka samaysmaan Xeebta Maroodiga, [[bariis]] ayaa lagu beeri karaa.<ref name="Mepham1991" /> Qayb ka mid ah wabiga oo ku taal waqooyiga Xeebta Maroodiga waa isha hodantinimada dhirta ee u kasbatay aaggaas naqshadda [[UNESCO]] ee [[Goobta Dhaxalka Adduunka]], [[Beerta Qaranka ee Comoé]].<ref name="Mepham1991" /> == Socodka == [[File:Comoe River Basin OSM.png|thumb|left|Socodka Webiga Komoé]] Webiga Komoé waa qiyaastii 759&nbsp;km dhererkiisu yahay. Waxa uu ka soo askumaa Sikasso Plateau iyo buuraha Sindou wuxuuna u qulqulaa koonfurta dushiisa dhowr biyo-dhac oo ay ku jiraan "Chutes de la Komoé" iyo [[Cascades de Karfiguéla|Karifiguela Falls]].<ref name="Rupley-114">{{Cite encyclopedia|author1=Rupley, Lawrence A. |author2=Bangali, Lamissa |author3=Diamitani, Boureima |title=Komoé|year=2013|encyclopedia=Historical Dictionary of Burkina Faso|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Scarecrow Press|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=HnRbA-pYcegC&pg=PA114 114]|isbn=978-0-8108-6770-3}}</ref> Meesha ka sareysa Karifiguela Falls waxaa deegaanka looga yaqaan Webiga Koba.<ref name="Rupley-114" /> Meesha {{Coord|09|42|11|N|004|35|10|W|display=inline}} waxaa dhanka midig (galbeed) kaga biira [[Webiga Léraba]], ka dibna wuxuu u qulqulaa koonfur-bari wuxuuna sameeyaa xadka u dhexeeya Burkina Faso iyo Xeebta Maroodiga qiyaastii {{convert|60|km|mi}}, ka hor inta uusan gelin Xeebta Maroodiga afar kiiloomitir koonfur-galbeed ka xiga tuulada [[Balanfodougou]]. Gudaha Xeebta Maroodiga, wuxuu sii wadaa koonfur-bari, wuxuuna dhaafaa Beerta Qaranka ee Comoé, isagoo sameeya xadka u dhexeeya [[Zanzan District]] iyo [[Savanes District]]. Meesha {{Coord|09|10|26|N|003|53|33|W|display=inline}} wuxuu u leexdaa koonfurta wuxuuna dhex maraa bariga Xeebta Maroodiga wuxuuna ku shubaa cidhifka fog ee bari ee nidaamka [[Ébrié Lagoon]] iyo ugu dambeyntii [[Gacanka Guinea]] meel u dhow dekadda [[Grand-Bassam]].<ref name="Mepham1991" /> == Haydarooliga iyo Kala duwanaanshaha Xilliyeedka == Qulqulka wabigu waa mid si xoog leh u xilliyeed ah, iyadoo uu jiro qulqul sare inta lagu jiro xilliga roobka iyo qulqul hooseeya inta lagu jiro bilaha abaaraha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Water |first=Estelle Thurtle September 15 2023 in Bodies of |date=2023-09-15 |title=Komoe River |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/komoe-river.html |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Qaabkan xilliyeedka wuxuu gacan ka geystaa fatahaadaha xilliyada qaarkood ee dhulalka qoyan iyo aagagga bannaannada fatahaadda ee dherarka hoose.<ref name=":0" /> == Deegaan-bay'eedka iyo Kala duwanaanshaha Noolaha == Biyo-mareenka Webiga Komoe wuxuu ka kooban yahay savannah, kayn, iyo nidaam-bay'eedka kaymaha kulaylaha kuwaas oo taageera kala duwanaansho nololeed oo qani ah. <ref name=":0" /> Bannaankiisa fatahaadda iyo gobollada ku hareeraysan waxaa ka mid ah aagag la ilaaliyo sida Beerta Qaranka ee Comoé, oo ah Goob Dhaxal-adduun oo UNESCO ah oo loo yaqaan kala duwanaanshaheeda deegaan-bay'eed.<ref name=":0" /> == Muhiimadda Aadanaha iyo Dhaqaalaha == Wabigu wuxuu taageeraa beeraha oo ay ku jiraan kookaha, bunka, mooska, iyo beerashada cananaaska ee gobollada bacrin ah ee Xeebta Maroodiga.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Komoé River {{!}} Map, Facts, & Ivory Coast {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Komoe-River?utm |access-date=2026-06-17 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Waxa kale oo ay muhiim u tahay kalluumeysiga, gaadiidka (qaybaha la mari karo), iyo nolosha reer miyiga ee ku teedsan biyo-mareenkeeda.<ref name=":1" /> === Wabi laamoodyada === * [[Webiga Léraba]] meesha {{Coord|09|42|11|N|004|35|10|W|display=inline}} waa wabi laamoodka midig ee dhanka galbeed, * Webiga Boin meesha {{Coord|09|12|38|N|003|57|53|W|display=inline}} waa wabi laamoodka bidix ee dhanka waqooyi ee Beerta Qaranka ee Comoé. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Komoe River}} p3om4z6pm1shl6qk12tzz4vj8bw1moj 0 49140 302150 2026-07-13T09:25:50Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Cacheu<br><small>Farim</small> | name_native = | image = Rio Farim-Cacheu, São Vicente, Guinea-Bissau (9089335316).jpg | image_size = 375px| image_caption = Muuqaalka wabiga oo u dhow [[São Vicente, Guinea-Bissau]] | source1_location = Waqooyiga [[Contuboel]] | mouth_location = [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Guinea-Bissau]] | length_km = 257 | source1_elevation = | source1_coordinates= {{coord|12|23|N|14|34|W}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}} | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|12|11|16|N|16|18|53|W|display=inline,title}} | tributaries_left = [[Rio de Canjambari|Webiga Canjambari]] | tributaries_right = Webiga Ongueringao, Webiga Elia | discharge1_avg = | basin_size ={{convert|NNNN|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | extra = }} '''Cacheu''' (Boortaqiis: ''Rio Cacheu'') waa [[wabi]] ku yaal [[Guinea-Bissau]] kaas oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Farim''' dhanka qaybtiisa sare. Dhererkiisa guud waa qiyaastii 257&nbsp;km. Mid ka mid ah [[wabi laamoodyadiisa]] waaweyn waa [[Rio de Canjambari|Webiga Canjambari]]. == Socodka == Isha wabigu waxay ku taal meel u dhow xadka waqooyi ee dalka, waqooyiga [[Contuboel]] iyo meel u dhow leexashada [[Webiga Geba]]. Waxa uu u qulqulaa galbeed, isagoo maraya magaalada [[Farim]] iyo meel u dhow [[Bigenè]], wuxuuna ku ballaaranayaa afka wabiga kaas oo koonfurta ay ku taal magaalada [[Cacheu]]. [[Jasiiradda Elia]] waa jasiirad weyn oo ku taal bangiga midig ee wabiga meel u dhow halka uu ku shubo. Dhanka galbeed ee jasiiradda ayaa ku taal bariga halka uu kaga biiro [[Webiga Elia]] iyadoo [[Jasiiradda Ongueringao]] ay ku taal bangiga kale.<ref>[https://mapcarta.com/17091238 Ilha de Elia - Mapcarta]</ref> [[File:Admiralty Chart No 1722 Cacheo River, Published 1845, Revisons to 1899. (composite).jpg|thumb|380px|Shaxda badaha ee 1845 ee Webiga Cacheo laga soo bilaabo Farim ilaa xeebta]] Cacheu waa wabi la mari karo maraakiibta waaweyn (2,000-tan) masaafo dhan 97&nbsp;km, iyo maraakiibta yaryar oo aad uga sii fog; waxa uu ahaan jiray waddo muhiim u ah ganacsiga. == Taariikh == Intii lagu jiray [[Dagaalkii Gumaysiga ee Boortaqiiska]], [[Dagaalkii Xorriyadda Guinea-Bissau]], wabigu wuxuu u adeegay hawlgallo milatari oo dhowr ah.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ensp.unl.pt/lgraca/guine_guerracolonial8_barro.html |title=Grants on the History of the Colonial War: Cacheu |access-date=2018-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100622005846/http://www.ensp.unl.pt/lgraca/guine_guerracolonial8_barro.html |archive-date=2010-06-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Diseembar 2000, qayb weyn oo ka mid ah afka wabiga ayaa loo asteeyay inay qayb ka noqoto [[Cacheu River National Park|Beerta Dabiiciga ah ee Webiga Cacheu]].<ref>[http://www.bissau.net/Word_files/DUOTA.PROGRAMA%5B1%5D2007.2008.doc Faculty of Law of Bissau, References on Legal Diploma on the Creation of Cacheu River Mangrove Natural Park]{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> 68% beerta ayaa ka kooban geedaha cambaha, kuwaas oo qayb ka ah kaymo waaweyn oo geedo ah oo ku yaal Galbeedka Afrika. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Maktabad == {{Commons Category|Rio Cacheu}} *Salif Diop, ''[https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_2/etudes_theses/40109.pdf La côte ouest-africaine. Du Saloum (Sénégal) à la Mellacorée (Rép. de Guinée)]'', ORSTOM, Paris, 1990, 380 pages c4llpi0wwfcmsx27a5p4f4cenxbgcc4 0 49141 302151 2026-07-13T09:27:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river | name = Rio de Canjambari | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = File:ASC Leiden - Coutinho Collection - 1 08 - Life in Canjambari, Guinea-Bissau - Canoeing across the river - 1973.tiff | image_size = | image_caption = Canjambari, Guinea-Bissau. Doon ku gudbaysa wabiga, 1973 | map = File:Un-guinea-bissau.png | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Wadan | subdivision_name1 = [[Guinea-Bissau]] | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Gobol | subdivision_name3 = [[Gobolka Oio]] | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Magaalo | subdivision_name5 = [[Farim]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= [[Farim]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Guinea-Bissau]] | source1_location = [[Guinea-Bissau]] | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = Rio Cacheu/Rio Farim | mouth_location = 12° 29' 2.00" N -15° 13' 18.01" W, [[Guinea-Bissau]] | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = Rio Cacheu / Rio Farim | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''Rio de Canjambari''' waa wabi dhex mara [[Gobolka Oio]] ee dalka [[Guinea-Bissau]]. Waa wabi laamoodka [[Webiga Farim]]. Socodkiisa waxaa lagu gartaa cimilada savanna-da. {{coord|12|29|N|15|11|W|display=title|region:GW_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}} 3ns351qhesghyjcyicixbzzdq0nxmgg 0 49142 302152 2026-07-13T09:29:49Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302152 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:DSC 6003 Rio Buba, Quinara , Guiné-Bissau.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Rio Buba]] '''Rio Grande de Buba''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Rio Buba''', '''Rio Grande''', iyo '''Grande River''', waa [[estuary]]<ref>George E. Brooks, ''Landlords and Strangers: Ecology, Society, and Trade in Western Africa, 1000-1630'' (Westview Press, 1993; {{ISBN|0813312620}}), p. 265: "The Grande River is not properly a river but a drowned estuary captured by the sea, into which flow insignificant streams; the sandbanks and strong tides and currents there are navigational hazards for seamen."</ref> ku yaal [[Galbeedka Afrika]] kaas oo gebi ahaanba ku dhex yaal [[Guinea-Bissau]], halkaas oo uu ku shubo [[Badweynta Atlaantik]]. Dhererkiisu waa qiyaastii {{convert|54|km}} waana {{convert|4|km}} ballaca afkiisa.<ref>Hendrik A. Van der Linde and Melissa H. Danskin (eds.), ''Enhancing Sustainability: Resources for Our Future : Proceedings of a Workshop Held at the World Conservation Congress Organised by the Sustainable Use Initiative, 17–20 October 1996, Montreal, Canada'' (IUCN, 1998: {{ISBN|2831704278}}), p. 63.</ref> Waa deegaan gaar ah oo ku yaal Galbeedka Afrika, kaas oo aan lahayn wax tusaale kale oo gacanka badda ah oo sidaas u fog u galaya dhulka, isagoo leh qoto dheer oo hoos u dhacaysa qiyaastii {{convert|30|m}}, noolashiisuna waa mid aad u hodan ah oo kala duwan.<ref>Van der Linde and Danskin, ''Enhancing Sustainability'', p. 63.</ref> Grande wuxuu ganacsi ahaan muhiim u ahaa dabayaaqadii qarnigii 16-aad,<ref>Brooks, ''Landlords and Strangers'', p. 269: "[Francisco de Andrade] stated [in January 1582] that, at times, there were twenty to thirty vessels trading in the Grande River for captives, ivory, and gold."</ref> laakiin tani way isbedeshay: "Ganacsatada [[Biafada]] iyo [[Mandinka]] ee ku teedsan [[Webiga Geba]] iyo [[Papel]] ee Bissau ayaa aad uga faa'iiday hoos u dhaca degdega ah ee ganacsiga Grande River maadaama budhcad-badeedda [[Bijago]] ay si isa soo taraysa u carqaladeeyeen ganacsiga Biafada iyo [[Lançados]] ayna argagax geliyeen bulshooyinka Biafada ee ku teedsan wabiga."<ref>Brooks, ''Landlords and Strangers'', p. 272.</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|11|35|0|N|15|4|0|W|display=title}} d9h5ng6g8qdw9az6q1behdcgvh08pcj 0 49143 302153 2026-07-13T09:34:11Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Designation list | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Reserva Natural del Estuario del Muni | designation1_date = 2 June 2003 | designation1_number = 1311<ref>{{Cite web|title=Reserva Natural del Estuario del Muni|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1311|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} [[File:Muni beschriftet OSM.png|thumb|330px|Muni estuary]] '''Muni''' (Faransiis: ''Rivière Muni'', Isbaanish: ''Río Muni'') waa gacan-biyood ay ku shubmaan dhowr wabi oo ku yaal [[Guinea-Ecuatorial]] iyo [[Gabon]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Equatorial-Guinea#ref283084 Equatorial Guinea].Encyclopædia Britannica Online. </ref><ref>''A directory of African wetlands'' By R. H. Hughes, J. S. Hughes, p. 501 (on Google Books: [https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&dq=river+muni&pg=PA501])</ref> Qayb ka mid ah dhererkiisu waxay samaysaa qayb ka mid ah xadka uu la wadaago [[Gabon]]. Waa gacan-biyoodkan meesha uu magaca hore ee qaybtan Guinea-Ecuatorial, [[Río Muni]], laga soo qaatay. == Biyaha == Gacan-biyoodka waxaa waqooyiga ka quudiya webiyada [[Congue River|Congue]] iyo [[Mandyani River|Mandyani]], dhanka barigana waxaa ka quudiya webiyada [[Mitong River (Equatorial Guinea)|Mitong]], [[Mven River|Mven]] iyo Timboni ([[Mitimele River|Mitimele]], [[Utamboni River|Utamboni]]). == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{coord|1|1|10|N|9|35|20|E|type:river_region:GQ|display=title}} k9swz96dcu1fmjsjbo0t86k6sio3fwb 0 49144 302154 2026-07-13T09:37:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302154 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mbini.PNG|thumb|right|Wabiga waxaa laga arki karaa koonfur-galbeed, Guji si aad u aragto]] '''Mandyani''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfur-galbeed ee dhulka wayn ee [[Guinea-Ecuatorial]]. Mandyani wuxuu qayb ka yahay [[Gacan-biyoodka Muni]] oo ay la socdaan webiyada [[Mitong River (Equatorial Guinea)|Mitong]], [[Congue River|Congue]], [[Mitimele River|Mitimele]], [[Utamboni River|Utamboni]] iyo [[Mven River|Mven]].<ref name="HughesHughes1992">{{cite book|last1=Hughes|first1=R. H.|last2=Hughes|first2=J. S.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA501|accessdate=30 March 2012|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5|page=501}}</ref><ref name="Sundiata1990">{{cite book|last=Sundiata|first=I. K.|title=Equatorial Guinea: colonialism, state terror, and the search for stability|url=https://archive.org/details/equatorialguinea0000sund|url-access=registration|accessdate=30 March 2012|year=1990|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=978-0-8133-0429-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/equatorialguinea0000sund/page/6 6]}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{coord|1|10|N|9|45|E|source:kolossus-eswiki|display=title}} 6z018d3e0l210qh11vuf9hda6rz9jhv 0 49145 302155 2026-07-13T09:39:10Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302155 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mbini.PNG|thumb|right|Wabiga waxaa laga arki karaa koonfur-galbeed, Guji si aad u aragto]] '''Congue''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfur-galbeed ee dhulka wayn ee [[Guinea-Ecuatorial]]. Congue wuxuu qayb ka yahay [[Gacan-biyoodka Muni]] oo ay la socdaan webiyada [[Mitong River (Equatorial Guinea)|Mitong]], [[Mandyani River|Mandyani]], [[Mitimele River|Mitimele]], [[Utamboni River|Utamboni]] iyo [[Mven River|Mven]].<ref name="HughesHughes1992">{{cite book|last1=Hughes|first1=R. H.|last2=Hughes|first2=J. S.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA501|accessdate=30 March 2012|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5|page=501}}</ref><ref name="Sundiata1990">{{cite book|last=Sundiata|first=I. K.|title=Equatorial Guinea: colonialism, state terror, and the search for stability|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlR0AAAAMAAJ|accessdate=30 March 2012|year=1990|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=978-0-8133-0429-8|page=6}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{coord|1|04|00|N|9|40|59|E|region:GQ_source:kolossus-eswiki|display=title}} 3uf4jp1qwn802p5mpagykb3e9r7ofvd 0 49146 302156 2026-07-13T09:41:16Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302156 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mbini.PNG|thumb|right|Wabiga waxaa laga arki karaa koonfur-galbeed, Guji si aad u aragto]] '''Mitong''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfur-galbeed ee dhulka wayn ee [[Guinea-Ecuatorial]]. Wuxuu qayb ka yahay [[Gacan-biyoodka Muni]]. Marka lagu daro Mitong, gacan-biyoodka waxaa sidoo kale quudiya webiyada [[Congue River|Congue]], [[Mandyani River|Mandyani]], [[Mitimele River|Mitimele]], [[Utamboni River|Utamboni]] iyo [[Mven River|Mven]].<ref name="HughesHughes1992">{{cite book|last1=Hughes|first1=R. H.|last2=Hughes|first2=J. S.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA501|accessdate=30 March 2012|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5|page=501}}</ref><ref name="Sundiata1990">{{cite book|last=Sundiata|first=I. K.|title=Equatorial Guinea: colonialism, state terror, and the search for stability|url=https://archive.org/details/equatorialguinea0000sund|url-access=registration|accessdate=30 March 2012|year=1990|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=978-0-8133-0429-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/equatorialguinea0000sund/page/6 6]}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{coord|1|03|N|10|58|E|source:kolossus-eswiki|display=title}} 2xrtqbegcgkc5pu6oqwbrrgkjdxa4m4 0 49147 302157 2026-07-13T09:44:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302157 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mven''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfur-galbeed ee dhulka wayn ee [[Guinea-Ecuatorial]]. Wuxuu qayb ka yahay [[Gacan-biyoodka Muni]] oo ay la socdaan webiyada [[Mitong River (Equatorial Guinea)|Mitong]], [[Mandyani River|Mandyani]], [[Mitimele River|Mitimele]], [[Utamboni River|Utamboni]] iyo [[Congue River|Congue]].<ref name="HughesHughes1992">{{cite book|last1=Hughes|first1=R. H.|last2=Hughes|first2=J. S.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA501|accessdate=30 March 2012|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5|page=501}}</ref><ref name="Sundiata1990">{{cite book|last=Sundiata|first=I. K.|title=Equatorial Guinea: colonialism, state terror, and the search for stability|url=https://archive.org/details/equatorialguinea0000sund|url-access=registration|accessdate=30 March 2012|year=1990|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=978-0-8133-0429-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/equatorialguinea0000sund/page/6 6]}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} go8amsk7ypstmk3mwj7x6wxstmi7y4g 0 49148 302158 2026-07-13T09:48:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302158 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mbini.PNG|thumb|right|Wabiga waxaa laga arki karaa koonfur-galbeed, Guji si aad u aragto]] '''Mitimele''' waa wabi ku yaal koonfur-galbeed ee dhulka wayn ee [[Guinea-Ecuatorial]]. Wuxuu qayb ka yahay [[Gacan-biyoodka Muni]] oo ay la socdaan [[Mitong River (Equatorial Guinea)|Webiga Mitong]], [[Mandyani River|Webiga Mandyani]], [[Congue River|Webiga Congue]], [[Utamboni River|Webiga Utamboni]] iyo [[Mven River|Webiga Mven]].<ref name="HughesHughes1992">{{cite book|last1=Hughes|first1=R. H.|last2=Hughes|first2=J. S.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA501|accessdate=30 March 2012|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5|page=501}}</ref><ref name="Sundiata1990">{{cite book|last=Sundiata|first=I. K.|title=Equatorial Guinea: colonialism, state terror, and the search for stability|url=https://archive.org/details/equatorialguinea0000sund|url-access=registration|accessdate=30 March 2012|year=1990|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=978-0-8133-0429-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/equatorialguinea0000sund/page/6 6]}}</ref> Wabigu wuxuu noqdaa Webiga Utamboni xadka uu la wadaago [[Gabon]]. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{coord|1|07|00|N|9|49|59|E|source:kolossus-eswiki|display=title}} rm11e4sn2cl3m7sp8o9p5ovxuaa5bhj 0 49149 302159 2026-07-13T09:56:38Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Harada Abbe | image = Lake Abbe Map.png | caption = | alt = Khariidadda oo muujinaysa goobta ay haradu ku taal Afrika | location = Xadka [[Itoobiya]]–[[Jabuuti]] | coords = {{coord|11|10|N|41|47|E|type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} | type = [[Haro cusbo leh]] | inflow = [[Webiga Awash]] | outflow = ''Ma jiro'' | catchment = | basin_countries = Jabuuti, Itoobiya | length = {{convert|17|km|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|19|km|mi|abbr=on}} | area = {{convert|320|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = {{convert|8.6 |m|ft}} | max-depth = {{convert|37|m|ft}} | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|243|m|ft}} | islands = | cities = <!-- Map --> | pushpin_map = Djibouti | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = Goobta Harada Abbe ee Jabuuti. | pushpin_map_caption = <!-- Below --> | website = | reference = }} '''Harada Abbe''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Harada Abhe Bad''', waa [[haro cusbo leh]], oo ku taal xadka [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Jabuuti]]. Waa mid ka mid ah silsilad ka kooban lix haro oo isku xidhan, kuwaas oo ay sidoo kale ka mid yihiin (laga bilaabo waqooyi ilaa koonfur) harooyinka [[Harada Gargori|Gargori]], [[Harada Laitali|Laitali]], [[Harada Gummare|Gummare]], [[Harada Bario|Bario]] iyo [[Harada Afambo|Afambo]]. Haradu waa halka ugu dambaysa ee uu ku shubo [[Webiga Awash]], kaas oo ku yaal bartamaha [[Afar Triangle]].<ref>Robert Mepham, R. H. Hughes, and J. S. Hughes, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PP1 ''A directory of African wetlands''], (Cambridge: IUCN, UNEP and WCMC, 1992), p. 166</ref> Harada Abbe waxaa loo tixgeliyaa mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu adag ee la gaadho ee dhulka. Biyaha laftooda waxaa looga yaqaanaa [[shimbiraha flamingos-ka]]. == Dulmar == [[File:Abbe-8.jpg|thumb|left|Qiiq-tuurayaal u dhow Harada Abbe]] Harada Abbe waa meesha ugu dambaysa ee biyaha [[Webiga Awash]]. Waxay ku taal [[Afar triple junction]], oo ah meesha ay ku kulmaan saddexda qaybood ee qolofka dhulka, taas oo ah muuqaal qeexaya [[Afar Depression]]. Halkan saddex qaybood oo ka mid ah qolofka dhulka ayaa mid walba uu ka jiidmayaa dhibicdaas dhexe, inkasta oo aysan dhammaantood ku jiidmayn xawaare isku mid ah.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Beyene |first1=Alebachew |name-list-style=amp |last2=Abdelsalam |first2=Mohamed G. |year=2005 |title=Tectonics of the Afar Depression: A review and synthesis |journal=[[Journal of African Earth Sciences]] |volume=41 |issue=1–2 |pages=41–59 |doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.03.003 }}</ref> Dhanka waqooyi-galbeed ee xeebta ayaa waxa kor u kaca [[Buurta Dama Ali]] (1068 m ama 3,504 ft)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Volcanism Program {{!}} Dama Ali |url=https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=221141 |access-date=2026-07-01 |website=Smithsonian Institution {{!}} Global Volcanism Program |language=en}}</ref>, oo ah foolkaano hurda, halka dhanka koonfur-galbeed iyo koonfurta ay ku fidsan yihiin [[saafyada cusbada]] oo aad u waaweyn, oo ballacoodu yahay 10&nbsp;km. Webiga Awash ka sokow, qulqulka xilliyeedka ee Harada Abbe waxaa ka mid ah laba [[wadi]], Oleldere iyo Abuna Merekes, kuwaas oo ka soo gala harada dhanka galbeed iyo koonfur, iyagoo ka tallaabaya saafyada cusbada. In kasta oo baaxadda hadda ee biyaha furan ee haradu ay tahay {{convert|34000|ha|mi2}}, abaarihii dhawaa iyo biyo-soo-saarkii Webiga Awash ee waraabka ayaa sababay in heerka biyaha haradu uu hoos u dhaco. Markay ahayd 1984-kii, baaxadda haradu waxay hoos ugu dhacday saddex-meelood laba meel wixii ay ahayd 1940-kii. Muddadaas qiyaastii {{convert|11500|hectare}} oo saafyo cusbo ah ayaa samaysmay koonfur-galbeed ee harada.<ref name=Hughes>{{cite book|author=Hughes, R.H.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA443 |year=1992 |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-88032-949-5 |pages=443–447}}</ref> Harada Abbe waa [[haro aad u cusbo badan]]; biyaha ay ku jiraan cusbada macdanta ah ayaa soo gala laakiin ma jiro biyo ka baxa, biyaha saafiga ahna way ka uumi baxaan dusha sare.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hammer |first=U. T. |title=Saline Lake Ecosystems of the World |publisher=Springer |year=1986 |page=15 |isbn=90-6193-535-0 }}</ref> Waxa kale oo looga yaqaanaa "haro weyneeye", iyadoo heerka biyuhu uu si aad ah ugu isbedbeddelo iyadoo laga jawaabayo isbeddello aad u yar oo dhanka cimilada ah.<ref>{{cite book|author=Michael Schagerl|title=Soda Lakes of East Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jP3CDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 |year=2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-28622-8 |page=8}}</ref> [[File:East Africa-Lake Abbe.jpg|thumb|right|Sawirka dayax-gacmeedka ee Harada Abbe]] [[Dadka reer Afar]] ayaa degsiimo ka samaystay meel u dhow xeebta harada. Harada Abbe waxaa looga yaqaanaa qiiq-tuurayaasha [[limestone]], kuwaas oo gaara dherer dhan {{convert|50|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}} kuwaas oo uumigu ka soo baxo.<ref name=Schager>{{cite book|author=Michael Schagerl|title=Soda Lakes of East Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jP3cDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 |year=2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-28622-8 |page=32}}</ref> Qiiq-tuurayaasha kaarboonaytka ah waxaa sameeya isku-darka biyaha harada iyo dareere kulaylka dhulka ka soo baxa oo ka qoto dheer.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2014-11-10|title=Hydrothermal carbonate chimneys from a continental rift (Afar Rift): Mineralogy, geochemistry, and mode of formation|journal=Chemical Geology|language=en|volume=387|pages=87–100|doi=10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.08.019|issn=0009-2541|last1=Dekov|first1=V.M.|last2=Egueh|first2=N.M.|last3=Kamenov|first3=G.D.|last4=Bayon|first4=G.|last5=Lalonde|first5=S.V.|last6=Schmidt|first6=M.|last7=Liebetrau|first7=V.|last8=Munnik|first8=F.|last9=Fouquet|first9=Y.|last10=Tanimizu|first10=M.|last11=Awaleh|first11=M.O.|last12=Guirreh|first12=I.|last13=Le Gall|first13=B.|url=https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00206/31762/30172.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Awaleh|first1=Mohamed Osman|last2=Hoch|first2=Farhan Bouraleh|last3=Boschetti|first3=Tiziano|last4=Soubaneh|first4=Youssouf Djibril|last5=Egueh|first5=Nima Moussa|last6=Elmi|first6=Sikie Abdillahi|last7=Mohamed|first7=Jalludin|last8=Khaireh|first8=Mohamed Abdi|year=2015|title=The geothermal resources of the Republic of Djibouti — II: Geochemical study of the Lake Abhe geothermal field|journal=Journal of Geochemical Exploration|volume=159|pages=129–147|doi=10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.08.011}}</ref> [[Flamingos]] ayaa sidoo kale laga heli karaa biyaha.<ref name=Hubbard>{{cite book|author=Nyla Jo Jones Hubbard|title=Doctors Without Borders in Ethiopia: Among the Afar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HmE8h4djrx8C&pg=PA122 |year=2011|publisher=Algora Publishing |isbn=978-0-87586-853-0 |page=122}}</ref> ===Sawirro=== <gallery class="center"> File:Lac Abbe-02.JPG|Qorrax-dhaca Harada Abbe. File:Lac Abbe.JPG|Qaybta qallalan ee Harada Abbe. File:Lac Abbe 2.JPG|Qaybta [[qoyan]] ee Harada Abbe. File:Flamants roses du Lac Abbe.JPG|[[Flamingos]]-ka Harada Abbe. </gallery> == Cimilada == Cimilada Harada Abbe waxay bixisaa cir qorrax leh iyo hawo qallalan sannadka oo dhan. Waxay leedahay in ka yar {{convert|172|mm|in|0|}} oo roob celcelis ahaan sannadkii ah iyo heerkulka xagaaga oo u dhexeeya {{convert|30|and|40|C|F}}. Heerkulka bilaha ugu qabow ayaa u dhexeeya {{convert|21|and|30|C|F}} celcelis ahaan. {{Weather box |metric first=yes |single line=yes |location=Harada Abbe, Jabuuti |Jan high C=30.4 |Feb high C=30.8 |Mar high C=32.9 |Apr high C=35.0 |May high C=38.0 |Jun high C=40.4 |Jul high C=39.9 |Aug high C=38.6 |Sep high C=37.5 |Oct high C=35.0 |Nov high C=32.3 |Dec high C=30.8 |Jan low C=20.1 |Feb low C=21.8 |Mar low C=23.2 |Apr low C=25.0 |May low C=27.2 |Jun low C=29.3 |Jul low C=27.4 |Aug low C=27.0 |Sep low C=28.0 |Oct low C=24.3 |Nov low C=21.7 |Dec low C=20.4 |Jan precipitation mm=5 |Feb precipitation mm=9 |Mar precipitation mm=14 |Apr precipitation mm=19 |May precipitation mm=7 |Jun precipitation mm=3 |Jul precipitation mm=32 |Aug precipitation mm=45 |Sep precipitation mm=20 |Oct precipitation mm=9 |Nov precipitation mm=6 |Dec precipitation mm=3 | source= ''Climate-Data.org'', dhererka: 251m<ref name="Climate-Data.org">{{cite web|title=Climate: Harada Abbe - garaafka cimilada, garaafka heerkulka, jadwalka cimilada|url=https://en.climate-data.org/location/929032/|publisher=Climate-Data.org|access-date=25 September 2016}}</ref> }} == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category}} * {{in lang|fr}} [http://danakil.ethiopia.free.fr/abbe.htm Sawirrada Harada Abbe] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070714124303/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dsafr002.html ILEC database entry for Harada Abbe] * Safarkii dhawaa ee [http://www.onceinalifetimejourney.com/once-in-a-lifetime-journeys/africa/en-route-to-an-otherworldly-creation-in-lake-abbe/ Harada Abbe oo leh sawirro] (English) * Sawirrada qiiq-tuurayaasha limestone ee [https://independent-travellers.com/djibouti/lake_abbe/ Harada Abbe], Febraayo 2015 {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abbe}} 33m70owvs36du2h73ioppi0012eg1t6 0 49150 302160 2026-07-13T09:58:45Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Harada Chew Bahir | image = Lake Chew Bahir satellite image.png | caption = Haraaagii Harada Chew Bahir - sida ay uga muuqato hawada. | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = | coords = {{coord|4|43|N|36|57|E|type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} | type = | inflow = | outflow = ''ma jiro'' | catchment = | basin_countries = Itoobiya, Kenya | length = {{convert|40|mi|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|15|mi|abbr=on}} | area = | depth = | max-depth = | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|1880|ft|abbr=on}} | islands = | cities = <!-- Map --> | pushpin_map = Ethiopia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = Goobta Harada Chew Bahir ee Itoobiya. | pushpin_map_caption = <!-- Below --> | website = | reference = }} '''Harada Chew Bahir''' (Amxaari: ጨው ባሕር ''č̣ew bāhir'', "haro cusbo leh") ama '''Harada Istifanos''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Stefanie''', '''Basso Naebor''' iyo '''Chuwaha''',<ref name=EB1911/> waa [[haro]] ku taal koonfurta [[Itoobiya]], oo ku taal cidhifka koonfur-galbeed ee [[Dawlad Deegaanka Itoobiya ee Koonfurta]], meel u dhow xadka uu la wadaago [[Gobolka Oromiya]]. == Juqraafi == Marka ay Harada Chew Bahir buuxdo, waxay ku fidsataa woqooyiga [[Kenya]]. Iyadoo ku taal bartamaha [[Stephanie Wildlife Sanctuary]], haradu waxay leedahay cabbir dhan {{convert|40|by|15|mi|km}}. Haradan waa tii ugu koonfureysay uguna hooseysay ({{convert|1,880|ft|m|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}) silsilad [[harooyinka Rift Valley|harooyin ah]] oo ku yaal sii wadida dhanka waqooyi-bari ee [[Great Rift Valley, Kenya|Great Rift Valley]];<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911 |wstitle=Stefanie |volume=25 |page=869 |inline=1}}</ref> [[biyo-mareenkeeda]] waxaa ka soocay biyo-mareenka [[Harada Turkana]] buuraha [[Humu Range]] iyo buuraha koonfurta ka xiga. [[Kumbi Range]] ayaa kor u kaca dhanka bariga. Chew Bahir waxaa waqooyiga ka quudiya [[Webiga Weito]], iyo wabi laamoodkiisa [[Galana Sagan River|Galana Sagan]]. Galana Sagan waxay heshaa fatahaadda [[Harada Chamo]] sannadaha qaarkood, laakiin ma jiro xiriir joogto ah oo u dhexeeya. == Taariikh == Count [[Sámuel Teleki (explorer)|Sámuel Teleki]] wuxuu ahaa qofkii ugu horreeyay ee reer Yurub ah ee soo booqda harada 1888,<ref>{{cite book |title=Discovery of Lakes Rudolf and Stefanie; a narrative of Count Samuel Teleki's exploring & hunting expedition in eastern equatorial Africa in 1887 & 1888 |url=https://archive.org/stream/discoveryoflakes02hhne#page/n7/mode/2up |last=Höhnel |first=Ludwig von |year=1894}}</ref> wuxuuna u bixiyay [[Princess Stéphanie of Belgium]], xaaskii [[Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria]]. Booqashadii Teleki ka dib, Harada Chew Bahir iyo harooyinka dariska la ah waxaa sahamiyay [[Arthur Donaldson Smith]], [[Vittorio Bottego]], M. S. Welby, [[Oscar Neumann]] iyo kuwo kale. J. J. Harrison sanadkii 1899 wuxuu helay harada oo gebi ahaanba qallashay, laba sano ka dibna [[Count Wickenburg]] wuxuu helay biyo kaliya qaybta waqooyi.<ref name=EB1911/> Sannadkii 1960-kii haradu waxay dabooshay qiyaastii 2,000&nbsp;km², laakiin waxay u yaraatay dhul qoyan intii ka hadhay qarnigii 20-aad. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chew Bahir}} twa5z6uub000s833m4c8jwi3omu0fy5 0 49151 302161 2026-07-13T10:01:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Kaydka Koka | image = | caption = | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = Koonfurta dhexe ee Itoobiya | coords = {{coord|8|26|N|39|02|E|type:waterbody_region:ET|display=inline,title}} | type = [[Kaydka biyaha]] | inflow = |pushpin_map=Ethiopia | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = Itoobiya | length = | width = | area = {{convert|180|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = | max-depth = | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|1595|m|abbr=on}} | islands = | cities = }} '''Kaydka Koka''' (Amxaari: ኮካ ሐይቅ; Oromo: Haroo Qooqaa) waa [[kaydka biyaha]] oo ku yaal koonfurta dhexe ee [[Itoobiya]]. Waxaa la sameeyay iyadoo la dhisay biyo-xireenka Koka ee ka dul-dhisan [[Webiga Awash]]. Kaydka biyuhu wuxuu leeyahay baaxad dhan {{convert|180|km2}}. == Juqraafi == Wuxuu ku yaal [[Misraq Shewa Zone]] ee [[Gobolka Oromiya]], meel u dhow caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn Itoobiya, [[Addis Ababa]], Kaydka Koka waa mid dadka dalxiisayaasha ah iyo dadka magaalada deggen ay jecel yihiin. Waxaa hareeraha harada ku yaal noocyo kala duwan oo duurjoog ah iyo shimbiro. Kaydka biyuhu wuxuu taageeraa [[Kalluumeysiga Itoobiya|warshadaha kalluumeysiga]]; sida uu sheegay Waaxda Kalluumeysiga iyo Biyaha ee Itoobiya, {{convert|625|t|lk=in}} oo kalluun ah ayaa la soo saaraa sannad kasta, taas oo waaxdu ku qiyaastay inay tahay 52% ama 89% tirada waarta. Labada kaydka biyaha iyo biyo-xireenkaba waxaa hanjabaad ku haya kordhinta [[sedimentation]] ee ay keento [[hoos u dhaca deegaanka]] iyo sidoo kale [[water hyacinth]] oo ah geed duullaan ah. == Dhismaha == Biyo-xireenka Koka waa shubad dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|458|m}} iyo dhererka ugu badan ee {{convert|47|m}}. Madaxa loo adeegsaday waa {{convert|32|to|42|m}}. Qandaraaslaha ugu weyn wuxuu ahaa [[Imprese Italiane all'Estero]]. Qandaraaslaha hoosaadkii bixiyay qalabka wuxuu ahaa [[Gruppo Industriale Elettro Meccaniche per Impiante all'Estero]], iyo qandaraaslaha hoosaadka ee rakibida qalabka iyo dhisidda xarriiqyada gudbinta wuxuu ahaa [[Società Anonima Elettrificazione]]. Dhismaha waxaa la bilaabay Diseembar 1957 wuxuuna si rasmi ah u dhammaaday 4 May 1960; miisaaniyadu waxay ahayd [[Birta Itoobiya|Eth$]] 30,641,000. Warshadda korontada, oo leh xarriiqyo gudbin oo dhan 132 kV, waxay bilowday shaqo buuxda 28 Ogosto 1960. Addis Ababa waa ka faa'iidaystaha koowaad. Wadarta awoodda korontada ee suurtagalka ah waa 110 GWh/sannadkii. Qorshaha injineernimada waxaa naqshadeeyay oo hirgeliyay Mekonnen Weldayohanes. == Qoraalo == {{reflist}} g0uj6tjw02my99n88btchfk90pyyoa7 0 49152 302162 2026-07-13T10:05:26Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Harada Kamnarok iyo Harada Kanyaboli ee Alego, Degmada Siaya. | image = Facing kerio valley from anin.jpg | caption = Harada Kamnarok oo ku taal bartamaha [[Kerio Valley]] marka laga eego Anin Escarpment, ka sareeya Songeto | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = [[Kerio Valley]] | pushpin_map = Kenya#Africa | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = Goobta Harada Kamnarok ee Kenya. | pushpin_map_caption = | coords = {{coord|0|38|N|35|37|E|region:KE_type:waterbody_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | type = [[Haro oxbow ah]] | inflow = [[Webiga Kerio]] | outflow = [[Webiga Kerio]] | catchment = | basin_countries = Kenya | length = | width = | area = {{convert|1|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = | max-depth = | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = | islands = | cities = | website = | reference = }} '''Harada Kamnarok''' waa haro xilliyeed iyo mid ka mid ah harooyinka ox-bow ee tirada yar ee [[Kenya]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ventesventures.com/attractions/wildlife/lake-kamnarok-national-reserve/ | title=Lake Kamnarok National Reserve | date=15 January 2019 }}</ref> oo laga helo salka [[Kerio Valley]]. Magacu wuxuu ka soo jeedaa ereyga [[Kalenjin languages|Kalenjin]] ee ''Narok'', kaas oo loo isticmaalo in lagu tilmaamo nooc ka mid ah dhirta biyaha ee si ballaaran looga helay harada. Dhoobo dhumuc weyn ayaa ku wareegsan harada, taas oo ka dhigaysa helitaanka mid adag. Haradu waxay ku fadhidaa baaxad dhan qiyaastii 1&nbsp;km², si kastaba ha ahaatee iyadoo ah haro xilliyeed, cabbirku wuxuu mararka qaarkood noqon karaa mid aad uga yar. Waxay jirtay ka hor 1961 laakiin roobabkii fatahaadda ee sanadkaas ayaa horseeday inay weynaato. Masiibadii fatahaadda ayaa aragtay dadkii ku noolaa aagga oo la daadgureeyay si loo badbaadiyo nolosha. Diyaaradaha helicopter-ka ayaa loo adeegsaday intii lagu jiray hawlgalkii daadgureynta si dadka loogu qaado dhulka sare ee Maab Konga - buur u dhow xarunta ganacsiga Muchukwo. == Qiimaha deegaanka == Harada waxaa [[wikt:gazette#Verb|loo aqoonsaday]] sanadkii 1983, markii la abuuray [[Lake Kamnarok Game Reserve]] waxaana mar loo tixgeliyey inay tahay nidaamka deegaanka ee labaad ee ugu weyn Afrika oo leh tirada ugu badan ee xayawaanka ka dib Harada Chad. Sida uu sheegay warbixin ay soo saartay [[Nation Media Group]], haradu waxay gabbaad u ahayd in ka badan 10,000 oo yaxaas cad, 400 oo maroodi, 13 nooc oo naasley ah oo kale iyo noocyo kala duwan oo shimbiro ah marka la gaaro sanadka 2020, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ka mid ah kaydka ciyaaraha ugu qanisan marka loo eego kala duwanaanshaha noolaha ee dalka iyo Afrika. Tani waxay soo jiidatay kumanaan dalxiisayaal ah oo ku soo qulqulay harada si ay u daawadaan duurjoogta Afrika ee ugu quruxda badan, taas oo u soo xarootay degmada dakhli weyn.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kimuge |first=Stanley |date=2023-03-08 |title=Animals perish as dry spell sounds death knell for Lake Kamnarok Game Reserve |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/baringo/animals-perish-as-dry-spell-sounds-death-knell-for-lake-kamnarok-game-reserve-4151096 |access-date=2023-06-07 |website=Nation |language=en}}</ref> == Hanjabaadaha iyo ilaalinta == Sida harooyinka kale ee [[Kenyan Rift Valley|Great Rift Valley]], jiritaanka Harada Kamnarok waa mid halis ku jira, inta badan sababtoo ah hawlaha beeraha ee aagga, daaqsinka xad-dhaafka ah iyo [[isbeddelka cimilada]]. [[Webi-laamoodyada]] quudiya Harada Kamnarok waxaa ka mid ah webiyada Ketipborok, Cheplogoi, Oiwo iyo Lelabei. In kasta oo dadaallo badan ay sameeyeen dadka deegaanka iyo dawladdu si loo badbaadiyo harada, duurjoogta Harada Kamnarok ayaa weli wajahaya hanjabaad dabar-goyn ah ka dib duullaankii bini'aadamka ee aan la xakameynin iyo xaaladaha cimilada ee weligood isbeddelaya. Iyagoo la hadlay [[Nation Media Group]], maamulka [[Lake Kamnarok Game Reserve]] ayaa xaqiijiyay in ugu yaraan 200 oo yaxaas cad ay u dhinteen gaajo iyo harraad intii u dhaxaysay Janaayo iyo Maarso, 2023, halka kuwa badbaaday lagu qasbay inay u guuraan kor si ay u raadiyaan deegaan wanaagsan. Warbixintu waxay sheegtay in qaar ka mid ah yaxaas-yada cad ay weli ku xayiran yihiin dhoobada oo ay u badan tahay inay dhiman doonaan haddii aan tallaabo laga qaadin. Dadka deegaanka ayaa sidoo kale ka codsanaya hay'adaha dawliga ah ee ay khusayso sida [[Kenya Wildlife Service|Kenya WildLife Service]] inay qaadaan tallaabooyin halis ah oo badbaadin kara nolosha duurjoogta haray.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wafula |first=Paul |date=2019-03-08 |title=The tragedy of Lake Kamnarok |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/special-report/the-tragedy-of-lake-kamnarok/ |access-date=2023-06-07 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kamnarok}} cc5uf9gtm5jjoa3j8omtc0t84blbze4 0 49153 302163 2026-07-13T10:08:02Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: {{Infobox body of water | name = Biyo-xireenka Kesses | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = <!-- Images --> | image = A cloudy day at Kesses.jpg | alt = | caption = Kaydka Kesses 18 May 2019 <!-- Stats --> | location = [[Uasin Gishu County]], Kenya | group = | coordinates = {{coord|0.2808 |35.3337 |region:ZZ_type:waterbody|display =inline,title}}... 302163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Biyo-xireenka Kesses | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = <!-- Images --> | image = A cloudy day at Kesses.jpg | alt = | caption = Kaydka Kesses 18 May 2019 <!-- Stats --> | location = [[Uasin Gishu County]], Kenya | group = | coordinates = {{coord|0.2808 |35.3337 |region:ZZ_type:waterbody|display =inline,title}} | type = | etymology = | part_of = | inflow = Webiyada Tarakwa iyo Nderugut | rivers = | outflow = Webiga Sambul | catchment = {{convert|1720|ha}} | basin_countries = | length = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | width = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | area = {{convert|189|ha}} | depth = {{convert|3|m}} | max-depth = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | volume = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | residence_time = | salinity = | shore = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | elevation = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | temperature_high = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | temperature_low = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> <!-- Map --> | pushpin_map = Kenya | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Kenya }} '''Biyo-xireenka Kesses''' (ama '''Harada Lessos''') waa haro yar oo dadku sameeyeen oo ku taal [[Kenya]]. Waa mid ka mid ah ilaha [[Webiga Yala]]. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa il biyo oo loogu talagalay waraabka iyo isticmaalka gudaha, iyo sidoo kale doon-wadista iyo hawlaha kale ee biyaha. == Goobta == Biyo-xireenka Kesses wuxuu ku yaal Kesses Sub County ee [[Uasin Gishu County]], oo ku taal madal ku taal [[Rift Valley Province|Rift Valley]]. Cimiladu waa qabow oo dhexdhexaad ah.{{sfn|Tourism Destinations ... Uasin Gishu}} Aaggu wuxuu leeyahay dhul siman oo leh buuro leh jiirada dhexdhexaad ah oo leh niyad-jab gacmeed. Waxaa jira dhul-qoyan iyo durdurro yaryar oo joogto ah.{{sfn|Boye|Verchot|Zomer|2008|p=41}} Biyo-xireenka Kesses wuxuu {{convert|31|km}} koonfur ka xigaa magaalada [[Eldoret]] iyo {{convert|6|km}} bari ka xigaa xarunta ugu weyn ee [[Moi University]], oo joogga {{convert|2750|m}}. Wuxuu biyaha ugu badan ka helaa webiyada Tarakwa iyo Nderugut, kuwaas oo ka soo gala kaydka dhanka bari iyagoo sii maraya dhul-qoyan oo leh noocyada ''[[Typha latifolia]]'' iyo ''[[Cyperus]]''. Baaxadda biyaha la qabto waa qiyaastii {{convert|1720|ha}}.{{sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012|p=1}} Sannadkii 2012 kaydka biyuhu wuxuu lahaa baaxad dhan {{convert|189|ha}}. Celceliska qoto dheer waa {{convert|3|m}}. Meesha laga baxo waa Webiga Sambul oo ku yaal galbeedka.{{sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012|p=1}} Kaydka biyuhu waa mid ka mid ah ilaha ugu waaweyn ee Webiga Yala.{{sfn|Boye|Verchot|Zomer|2008|p=41}} == Horumarinta == Goobta biyo-xireenka asal ahaan waxay ahayd niyad-jab ku yaal beer uu lahaa gumayste reer Danmark ah, Eric Jorgensen, oo daboolay qiyaastii {{convert|500|acre}} oo daaqsin liita ah. Jorgensen wuxuu helay taageerada lix ka mid ah deriskiisa si ay u dhisaan biyo-xireen, kaas oo ku kacay £3,000. Muddo 50 maalmood gudahood ah laba durdur ayaa ka buuxiyay kaydka, kaas oo lahaa laba gacmood, oo dhererkoodu ahaa {{convert|1.5|and|1.25|mi}} siday u kala horreeyaan. Sannadkii 1967 waxaa biyo-xireenka ka jiray naadi yacht.{{sfn|Ayre}} [[File:LessosDam.jpg|left|alt=Lessos Dam late 1960's|thumb|Lessos Dam dabayaaqadii 1960-meeyadii]] Intii lagu jiray doodii baarlamaanka ee Maajo 1984 ee ku saabsan aasaasidda [[Moi University]] ee Eldoret waxaa la tilmaamay in Harada Lessos ay u dhowayd oo ay ahayd mid ka mid ah harooyinka ugu waaweyn ee dadku sameeyeen, markaa jaamacadda cusubi waxay yeelan doontaa sahay badan oo biyo ah, taas oo ah arrin muhiim ah sababtoo ah cimilada qallalan. Harada lama isticmaalin waqtigaas. Waxa kale oo ay ardayda qaadanaysa koorsooyinka kalluumeysiga u isticmaali karaan tijaabooyin, waxaana isticmaali kara naadiga yacht-ka.{{sfn|arap Saina|1984|p=1583}} Tuubo weyn oo biyo ah ayaa la rakibay si ay biyaha u gayso jaamacadda.{{sfn|Wameyo|1991|p=37}} Dood baarlamaan oo dhacday 1991 ayaa lagu xusay in biyo-xireenku uu wakhtigan xaadirka ah bixinayay oo kaliya Jaamacadda Moi. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, biyo-xireenka ayaa la dheereeyay, iyadoo kaydka la ballaariyay si uu u hayo biyo badan, waxaana loo isticmaali karaa in lagu sahaydo guryaha aaggaas ku yaal.{{sfn|Wameyo|1991|p=34}} Shaqo ayaa socotay si kor loogu qaado dhererka biyo-xireenka, sahanno ayaana socday si biyaha loogu keeno meelaha ku hareeraysan Xarunta Kesses, Dugsiga Sare ee Kesses, aagga Bombay iyo aagagga deegaanka ee u dhexeeya Xarunta Kesses iyo Jaamacadda Moi.{{sfn|Wameyo|1991|p=58}} == Duurjoogta == Sannadihii 1978–1988 kaydka biyaha waxaa u isticmaali jiray jiilaalka dhowr nooc oo shimbiraha duck-ka ah ee socdaalka. Tirada celceliska sannadlaha ah waxay ahaayeen [[Wigeon]]: 8, [[Northern pintail]]: 45, [[Garganey]]: 105 iyo [[Shoveler]]: 60.{{sfn|Pearson|Meadows|1977|p=111}} Kalluunka ugu horreeyay ee la soo bandhigay waxay ahaayeen ''[[Tilapiine cichlid]]s''.{{sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012|p=1}} Sannadkii 1990 iyo 1996 qiyaastii 5,000 oo ah [[Nile tilapia]] (''Oreochromis niloticus'') ayaa la soo bandhigay. Noocyada ''[[Barbus]]'' iyo ''[[Gambusia]]'' ayaa sidoo kale la arkay.{{sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012|p=2}} Dulinka ''[[Clinostomum]]'' waxaa laga helay 75% muunad kalluun ah oo laga soo qaaday Biyo-xireenka Kesses 2010–2011, iyadoo heerarku ay sarreeyaan ragga marka loo eego dheddigga. Heerarka sarreeya ee qaraabada ah waxaa laga yaabaa inay qayb ahaan u sabab yihiin biyaha qashinka ah ee lagu sii daayo kaydka biyaha ee ka yimaada xarunta magaalada ee u dhow iyo dugsiga.{{sfn|Ochieng|Matolla|Khyria|2012|p=4}} == Hawlaha == Biyo-xireenka waxaa u isticmaala xarun madadaalo ahaan ardayda Jaamacadda Moi, iyo dadka deegaanka iyo dadka soo booqda. Hawlaha waxaa ka mid ah doon-wadista, kalluumeysiga, daawashada shimbiraha iyo daawashada [[sitatunga]].{{sfn|Tourism Destinations ... Uasin Gishu}} == Qoraalo == {{notes}}{{reflist|30em}} == Isha == {{refbegin}} *{{citation |last=arap Saina|first=William Morogo|title=Diiwaanka Rasmiga ah ee Baarlamaanka Kenya (Hansard)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=49anJDdarhwC&pg=RA1-PA1583 |date=1984|chapter=Hindise-sharciyeedka Jaamacadda Moi}} *{{citation |url=http://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/default.asp?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=4929 |accessdate=2021-03-08 |last=Ayre |first=Peter |title=Magaca: JORGENSEN, Eric 'Jorg' |work=Yurubiyiinta Bariga Afrika}} *{{citation |url=https://www.oceandocs.org/bitstream/handle/1834/6839/ktf0256.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |accessdate=2021-03-07 |first1=Anja |last1=Boye |first2=Louis |last2=Verchot |first3=Robert |last3=Zomer |publisher=Xarunta Caalamiga ah ee Cilmi-baarista Agorforestry |location=Nairobi, Kenya |date=5 March 2008 |title=Warbixinta Aasaasiga ah ee Webiyaasha Yala iyo Nzoia |type=Mashruuca Maareynta Nidaamka Deegaanka ee Galbeedka Kenya: Natiijooyinka ka soo baxay Sahannada Aasaasiga ah }}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} *{{citation |url=https://www.ijser.org/paper/A-Study-of-Clinostomum-affecting-Oreochromis-niloticus-in-small-water-bodies-in-Eldoret-Kenya.html |accessdate=2021-03-09 |last1=Ochieng |first1=V. O. |last2=Matolla |first2=G.K. |last3=Khyria |first3=S.K. |title=Daraasad ku saabsan Clinostomum oo saameeya Oreochromis niloticus ee meelaha yaryar ee biyaha ee Eldoret-Kenya |journal=International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research |volume=3 |issue=4 |date=April 2012 |issn=2229-5518}} *{{citation |url=https://archive.org/details/scopus151619911993east/page/n121/mode/2up?q=lessos |accessdate=2021-03-08 |title=Duck-ka Palearctic ee Kenya |last1=Pearson |first1=D.J. |last2=Meadows |first2=B.S. |page=111 |journal=Scopus |publisher=Ururka Dabiiciga ah ee Bariga Afrika. Guddiga Hoosaadka Ornithological |year=1977}} *{{citation |url=https://tourism.uasingishu.go.ke/tourism-destinations/ |accessdate=2021-03-09 |title=Meelaha Dalxiiska |work=Xariirka Dalxiiska ee Degmada Uasin Gishu |ref={{harvid|Tourism Destinations ... Uasin Gishu}} }} *{{citation |author=Wameyo|title=Diiwaanka Rasmiga ah ee Baarlamaanka Kenya (Hansard)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rqg8dZ14aoC&pg=RA1-PA33|date=1991-07-02 |chapter=Tallaabooyinka lagu siinayo biyo ku filan Eldoret South }} {{refend}} mzvpdrfhinf6rzcccbm0d2cds0otu26 0 49154 302164 2026-07-13T10:10:41Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Harada Naivasha | image = Naivasha lake.jpg | caption = | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = | coords = {{coord|0|46|6.70|S|36|21|2.32|E|region:KE_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} | type = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = Kenya | length = | width = | area = {{convert|139|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = {{convert|6|m|ft|abbr=on}} | max-depth = {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}} | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|1,884|m|ft|abbr=on}} | frozen = | islands = | cities = | pushpin_map = Kenya | pushpin_map_alt = Goobta harada ee Kenya |embedded = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_date = 10 April 1995 | designation1_number = 724<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Naivasha|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/724|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} }} [[File:Naivasha ast 2008033 lrg.jpg|thumb|Sawirka dayax-gacmeedka ee Harada Naivasha]] [[File:KE-Naivasha.png|thumb|Goobta Naivasha ee Kenya]] '''Harada Naivasha''' waa [[haro]] [[biyo macaan|biyo macaan]] oo ku taal [[Kenya]], oo ka baxsan magaalada [[Naivasha]] ee [[Degmada Nakuru]], waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta [[Nairobi]] ee [[Dooxada Weyn ee Rift|Great Rift Valley]]. Magacu wuxuu ka soo jeedaa magaca [[Af-Maasai|Maasai]] ee ''ɛnaɨpɔ́sha'', kaas oo macnihiisu yahay "waxa kacaya," waa erey caadi ah oo Maasai ah oo loogu talagalay [[Meydadka biyaha|goobaha biyaha]] oo waaweyn oo leh hirar marka ay dabayshu dhacayso ama duufaantu jirto. Naivasha waxay ka timid isku daygii Ingiriiska ee ahaa inuu ku dhawaaqo magaca [[Maasai Mara|Maasai]]. Erey ahaan, ''Harada Naivasha'' macnaheedu waa "Haro Haro." == Goobta == [[File:Quiet dusk over Lake Naivasha (5232083375).jpg|thumb|Fiidkii Harada Naivasha]] Harada Naivasha waa haro biyo macaan oo ku taal dooxada Rift ee Kenya. Waxay ku taal isku-dar adag oo ah [[dhagax foolkaaneed]] iyo [[Dhagaxa fadhiga|dhigaal fadhiisasho]] oo ka yimid haro ka weynayd [[Pleistocene]]. Marka laga reebo durdurrada ku-meel-gaadhka ah, harada waxaa quudiya webiyada [[Webiga Malewa|Malewa]] iyo [[Webiga Gilgil|Gilgil]]. Ma jiro meel laga baxo oo la yaqaan, laakiin maadaama biyaha haradu ay yihiin kuwo biyo macaan ah waxaa loo qaadanayaa inay leedahay meel biyo-mareen dhulka hoostiisa ah.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Q1pfcjMae8C&pg=PA1 |title=Lake Naivasha, Kenya |first=David M. |last=Harper |publisher=Springer |year=2003 |isbn=1-4020-1236-5}}</ref> Haradu waxay lahayd baaxad dusha sare ah oo dhan {{convert|139|km2}}<ref name="MoiArusei">"THE OUTFLOW OF LAKE NAIVASHA BASED ON THE STABLE ISOTOPE COMPOSITION" (sifooyinka), M.K. Arusei, J. K Sanga, M.P Tole, Waaxda Kiimikada, Dugsiga Daraasaadka Deegaanka, [[Moi University]], P.O Box 3900 [[Eldoret, Kenya]], mareegta:[http://www.unep.org/gef/content/pdf/35-Arusei.pdf UNEP-Moi-Arusei-PDF] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050612173509/http://www.unep.org/gef/content/pdf/35-Arusei.pdf |date=2005-06-12 }}</ref> ka hor 2010, waxayna u korodhay {{convert|198|km2}} marka la gaaro 2020.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Tobiko |first=Keriako |date=2021 |title=Rising Water Levels in Kenya's Rift Valley Lakes, Turkwel Gorge Dam and Lake Victoria |url=http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=Dawladda Kenya iyo UNDP |archive-date=2022-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428030814/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Waxaa ku wareegsan dhul qoyan oo dhan {{convert|64|km2}}, kaas oo kala duwan iyadoo ku xiran roobabka. Joog dhan {{convert|1,884|m}},<ref name="MoiArusei" /> haradu waxay leedahay qoto dheer oo celcelis ahaan ah {{convert|6|m}}, iyadoo meesha ugu qoto dheer ay tahay Crescent Island, oo leh qoto dheer oo ugu badan oo dhan {{convert|30|m}}.<ref name="MoiArusei" /> Njorowa Gorge mar ayay samaysay meesha harada laga baxo, laakiin hadda waxay ka sarreysaa harada waxayna samaysaa irdaha laga galo [[Hell's Gate National Park]]. Magaalada [[Naivasha]] (oo hore loo odhan jiray East Nakuru) waxay ku taal cidhifka waqooyi-bari ee harada. == Deegaanka == [[File:Lake Naivasha, Kenya (32487531978).jpg|thumb|Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Naivasha]] Haradu waxay hoy u tahay noocyo kala duwan oo duurjoog ah oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan 400 oo nooc oo [[shimbiro]] kala duwan ah iyo dad aad u tiro badan oo [[Hippopotamus|hibooyin]] ah. Bulshada kalluunka ee harada ayaa aad isu bedbeddelay waqti ka dib, taas oo ay saameeyeen isbeddellada cimilada, dadaalka kalluumeysiga iyo soo bandhigidda noocyada duullaanka ah. Isbeddelkii ugu dambeeyay ee dadka kalluunka ayaa raacay soo bandhigidda shilka ah ee [[common carp]] sanadkii 2001.<ref>Becht, R., Odada, E. O., & Higgins, S. (2005). Lake Naivasha: Experience and Lessons Learned Brief. Maareynta harooyinka iyo kaydadka isticmaalka waarta, warbixin loogu talagalay maamulayaasha kaydka harada iyo daneeyayaasha (pp. 277–298). Kusatsu: International Lake Environment Committee Foundation (ILEC)</ref> Sagaal sano ka dib, sanadkii 2010, common carp wuxuu ka dhignaa in ka badan 90% tirada kalluunka lagu qabtay harada.<ref>Warbixinta Kalluumeysiga Sannadlaha ah ee Harada Naivasha, 2010</ref> Waxaa jira laba haro oo yaryar oo u dhow Harada Naivasha: Harada Oloiden iyo [[Harada Sonachi]] (haro [[cratarka foolkaaneed|haro cratar ah]] oo cagaar ah). Crater Lake Game Sanctuary ayaa u dhow, halka xeebta harada ay caan ku tahay dadka [[Yurub]] ee [[soo galootiga]] iyo degayaasha. == Taariikh == Intii u dhaxaysay 1937 iyo 1950, harada waxaa loo isticmaali jiray meel ay ku dagaan [[maraakiibta duulaya]] ee [[Imperial Airways]] rakaabka iyo jidka boostada ee ka yimid [[Southampton]] ee [[UK|Britain]] ilaa [[South Africa]]. Waxay isku xidhay [[Kisumu]] iyo [[Nairobi]]. [[Joy Adamson]], qoraaga ''[[Born Free]]'', wuxuu ku noolaa xeebaha harada bartamihii 1960-meeyadii. Xeebaha harada waxaa ku yaal [[Oserian]] ("Djinn Palace"), oo sumcad xumo ku heshay maalmihii [[Happy Valley set|Happy Valley]] intii u dhaxaysay labada [[dagaal adduun]]. Sannadkii 1999, Lake Naivasha Riparian Association waxay heshay [[Ramsar Wetland Conservation Award]] dadaalkooda ilaalinta ee la xidhiidha goobta [[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] ee Harada Naivasha. == Beeraha iyo warshadaha == [[File:Lake Naivasha Fishermen.jpg|thumb|left|Harada Naivasha]] [[Floriculture]] waa warshadaha ugu waaweyn ee ku wareegsan harada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isticmaalka aan nidaamsanayn ee biyaha harada ee waraabka ayaa hoos u dhigaya heerka harada waana mawduuc welwel ku haya Kenya. <ref name="FAOroses">{{cite web | url=http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/news/2002/3789-en.html | title=A thorn on every rose for Kenya's flower industry | publisher=United Nations FAO | access-date=2010-06-20 | archive-date=2017-12-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216125803/http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/news/2002/3789-en.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kalluumeysiga]] ee harada waa il shaqo iyo dakhli u ah dadka deegaanka. Haradu way kala duwan tahay heerka waxayna ku dhowaatay inay gebi ahaanba qallajiso 1890-meeyadii. Heerarka harada guud ahaan waxay raacaan qaabka roobabka ee aagga kaydka. Harada Naivasha, oo mar lagu tilmaamay inay tahay Jawharaddii taajka ee dhammaan harooyinka Bariga Afrika, ayaa tobannaankii sano ee u dambeeyay la kulantay dhibaatooyin bini'aadam oo ba'an, oo aan ahayn oo kaliya aasaasidda warshado waaweyn oo beeraha iyo beeralayda ah oo ku teedsan xeebaheeda, laakiin sidoo kale qulqulka sii kordhaya ee nafaqooyinka ka yimaada siltation-ka, qashinka iyo qashinka kale ee ka imanaya dadka bini'aadamka ah ee ku nool harada oo hadda gaadhaya ku dhawaad hal milyan oo qof.<ref>{{Citation|chapter=Megaceryle maxima (Pallas). African Giant Kingfisher. Alcyon géant.|title=The Birds of Africa|year=1988|publisher=Academic Press Limited|doi=10.5040/9781472927002.0171|isbn=978-1-4729-2700-2}}</ref> Sannadkii 1981, warshaddii ugu horreysay ee korontada dhulka hoostiisa ee Harada Naivasha ayaa la bilaabay, marka la gaaro 1985, wadar dhan 45 [[Megawatt|MW]] oo koronto ah ayaa laga dhalinayay aagga.<ref name="MoiArusei" /> == Heerarka biyaha == [[File:Lake Naivasha, Kenya (ASTER).jpg|thumb|Harada Naivasha]] Qiyaastii 10,000 oo sano ka hor, Harada Naivasha, oo ay la socoto [[Harada Elmenteita|Lake Elementaita]] iyo [[Harada Nakuru]] (60 km waqooyi), waxay samaysay hal haro oo qoto dheer oo biyo macaan ah oo ugu dambeyntii qallajisay, taas oo ka tagtay saddexda haro sidii haraa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Lake Nakuru {{!}} Lake Nakuru {{!}} World Lake Database - ILEC |url=https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3588 |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=wldb.ilec.or.jp}}</ref> Heerarka biyaha ee [[Harooyinka Dooxada Rift|Rift Valley Lakes]] ayaa tan iyo markii ay kala duwanaayeen si weyn, iyadoo dhowr ka mid ah harooyinka ay ku dhowaadeen inay qallalaan dhowr jeer.<ref name=":1" /> Heerka biyuhu wuxuu gaadhay qoto dheer oo 0.6 m ah 1945, laakiin heerka biyuhu wuxuu mar kale kor u kacay, iyadoo leh hoos u dhac yar, si uu u gaadho qoto dheer oo ugu badan oo ku dhow 6 m 1968.<ref name="MoiArusei" /> Waxaa jiray hoos u dhac kale oo weyn oo heerka biyaha ah 1987, markii qoto dheer ay gaadhay 2.25 m kor ku xusan gunta harada.<ref name="MoiArusei" /> Hoos u dhaca heerka biyaha harada ee 1987 ayaa kordhiyay welwelka ku saabsan mustaqbalka warshadaha [[Korontada dhulka hoostiisa|geothermal]], waxaa la qiyaasay in biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ee Harada Naivasha ay quudin karaan kaydka [[korontada dhulka hoostiisa]] ee [[Olkaria]].<ref name="MoiArusei" /> Sidaa darteed, hoos u dhaca biyaha harada wuxuu saameyn lahaa mustaqbalka warshadaha korontada dhulka hoostiisa. Baaxadda dusha sare ee harada ayaa kordhay in ka badan 50% marka la gaaro 2020<ref name=":0" /> taasoo keentay in dad badan laga barakiciyo aagagga dadku aadka u degan yihiin ee ku teedsan harada. Mid ka mid ah saynisyahannadii ugu horreeyay ee ogaaday ballaarinta harada wuxuu ahaa cilmiga dhulka oo bartay, si nasiib ah, horraantii 2013 in haradu "ay u guurtay 2 km iyada oo aan noqonin war".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baraka |first=Carey |date=2022-03-17 |title=A drowning world: Kenya's quiet slide underwater |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/17/kenya-quiet-slide-underwater-great-rift-valley-lakes-east-africa-flooding |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Harada Naivasha weli waxay taageertaa shirkado badan oo maxalli ah. Qaar ka mid ah iyaga oo u kaxeynaya dalxiisayaasha iyo dadka maxalliga ah agagaarka harada, iyagoo tusaya aagga weyn ee hippo iyo sidoo kale Crescent Island. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuhAeHPoNvw Warbixinta AFP-TV ee ku saabsan harada oo qallajinaysa] * [https://pertourmarket.com/lake-naivasha-national-park/ Maxay Harada Naivasha u caan tahay?] h15xtdfedhmd1kuwvnghp19t9j0n1vz 0 49155 302165 2026-07-13T10:14:15Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Harada Nakuru | image = Lake-Nakuru-Baboon-Hill-View.JPG | caption = Aragtida harada ee laga eego buurta Baboon | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = Nakuru | coords = {{coord|0|22|S|36|05|E|region:KE_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} | lake_type = [[Haro alkaline ah]] | inflow = | outflow = Harada Nakuru ma laha meel ay ka baxdo. Ma jiraan webiyo ama dildilaac ka baxaya Harada Nakuru | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Kenya]] | length = | width = | area = {{convert|5|to|45|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = {{convert|1|ft}} | max-depth = {{convert|6|ft}} | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|1754|m|ft|abbr=on}} | frozen = Harada Nakuru waxay ku taallaa dooxada weyn ee Rift. Haradu weligeed ma barafowdo. | islands = | cities = | pushpin_map = Kenya | pushpin_map_alt = Goobta harada ee Kenya |embedded = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_date = 5 June 1990 | designation1_number = 476<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Nakuru|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/476|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | child = yes | Official_name = Nidaamka Harada Kenya ee Dooxada Weyn ee Rift | Criteria = Natural: vii, ix, x | ID = 1060 | Year = 2011 }} {{infobox protected area |child=yes | iucn_category = II}} }} '''Harada Nakuru''' waa mid ka mid ah [[Harooyinka Dooxada Rift|harooyinka Dooxada Rift]], oo ku taal joog dhan {{convert|1754|m|ft|abbr=on}} ka sarreeya heerka badda. Waxay ku taal koonfurta [[Nakuru]], ee dooxada rift ee [[Kenya]] waxaana ilaaliya Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Nakuru. Qiyaastii 10,000 oo sano ka hor, Harada Nakuru, oo ay la socoto [[Harada Elmenteita|Lake Elementaita]] iyo [[Harada Bogoria]], waxay samaysay hal haro oo qoto dheer oo biyo macaan ah oo ugu dambeyntii qallajisay, taas oo ka tagtay saddexda haro sidii haraa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Lake Nakuru {{!}} Lake Nakuru {{!}} World Lake Database - ILEC |url=https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3588 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=wldb.ilec.or.jp}}</ref> Sannadkii 2011 saddexda haro waxaa diiwaangelisay [[UNESCO]] iyada oo ah [[Goob Dhaxal Adduun ah]], Nidaamka Harada Kenya ee Dooxada Weyn ee Rift. Heerarka biyaha ee Harada Nakuru ayaa isbeddelay si weyn, iyadoo haradu ku dhowaatay inay qallajiso dhowr jeer 50-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay.<ref name=":0" /> Hoos u dhac weyn ayaa dhacay horraantii 1990-meeyadii. Sannadkii 2013, heerarku mar kale way kordheen si degdeg ah, taas oo horseeday in shimbiraha flamingos ay u guuraan [[Harada Bogoria]] si ay u raadiyaan sahay cunto.<ref name="kws">{{Cite web|title=Lake Nakuru water levels rise as flamingoes move to Lake Bogoria|url=http://www.kws.org/info/news/2012/03_08_12_water_level.html|access-date=2014-05-29|archive-date=2014-05-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> Intii u dhaxaysay 2010 iyo 2020 Harada Nakuru waxay kordhisay baaxadda dusha sare oo dhan {{convert|40|to|68|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tobiko |first=Keriako |date=2021 |title=Rising Water Levels in Kenya's Rift Valley Lakes, Turkwel Gorge Dam and Lake Victoria |url=http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2022-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428030814/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> 677 qoys, qaybo ka mid ah magaalada Nakuru iyo qaar ka mid ah aagagga Beerta Qaranka ayaa fatahay.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baraka |first=Carey |date=2022-03-17 |title=A drowning world: Kenya's quiet slide underwater |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/17/kenya-quiet-slide-underwater-great-rift-valley-lakes-east-africa-flooding |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Lake Nakuru National Park-Kenya.jpg|thumb|Submersion of the main gate of Lake Nakuru National Park in 2024 due to rising water levels]] Tan iyo 2021, waxaa jiray koror cabsi leh oo ku yimid heerarka biyaha ee harada oo ay keentay isbeddelka cimilada. Kororka heerarka biyaha ayaa horseeday in xayawaan laga barakiciyo beerta iyo burburka hantida, qulqulka iridda laga galo ee weyn iyo kaabayaasha kale ee beerta. Harada Nakuru waxaa lagu ilaaliyaa [[Heshiiska Ramsar]] ee dhulalka qoyan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ramsar.org/cda/ramsar/display/main/main.jsp?zn=ramsar&cp=1-63-68-159%5E23236_4000_0__ |title=Small Grants Fund project on ecotourism potential at Kenya's Lake Nakuru |date=2006-03-28 |publisher=Ramsar |access-date=2009-11-07}}</ref> == Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Nakuru == [[File:Lake-Nakuru-National-Park-Entrance.JPG|thumb|right|Irida Beerta Qaranka]] [[File:Flamingos at lake Nakuru.jpg|thumb|right|[[Flamingos]] oo ku quudinaya Harada Nakuru 1997]] '''Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Nakuru''' (188 km², 73 mi²) waxaa la abuuray 1961 agagaarka '''Harada Nakuru''', meel u dhow magaalada [[Nakuru]]. Waxay caan ku tahay kumanaan, mararka qaarkood malaayiin [[flamingo]]s ah <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-02 |title=New hope for flamingo birds in Lake Nakuru |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/health/new-hope-for-flamingo-birds-in-lake-nakuru-4511810 |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Nation |language=en}}</ref> oo ku buulaysan xeebaha. Dusha sare ee harada gacmeedka ayaa inta badan si dhib yar loo aqoonsan karaa sababtoo ah tirada badan ee casaan-ka ah ee si joogto ah u barakacaya. Tirada flamingos-ka harada waxay ku kala duwan tahay xaaladaha biyaha iyo cuntada <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chebet |first=Caroline |title=Why flamingo populations are on the decline |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/environment/article/2001416464/why-flamingo-populations-are-on-the-decline |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> iyo meesha ugu fiican ee laga daawado waa ''Baboon Cliff''. Sidoo kale, xiisaha leh waa aag dhan {{convert|188|km|abbr=on}} oo ku wareegsan harada oo lagu xayndaabay sida kayd si loo ilaaliyo [[giraaf]]yada iyo sidoo kale labada [[wiyisha madow]] iyo [[wiyisha cad]]. Beertu waxay dhawaan ballaaratay qayb ahaan si ay u bixiso kaydka wiyisha madow. Dadaalkan wuxuu u baahday xayndaab – si loo ilaaliyo ugaarsadayaasha halkii laga xaddidi lahaa dhaqdhaqaaqa duurjoogta. Beertu waxay fidsan tahay {{convert|12.1|km|abbr=on}} xadka koonfur-bari ee [[Soysambu Conservancy]], taas oo matalaysa ballaarinta mustaqbalka ee suurtagalka ah ee deegaanka wiyisha iyo marin-duurjoogta kaliya ee haray ee [[Harada Naivasha]]. Sannadkii 2009, beertu waxay lahayd in ka badan 25 [[wiyisha madow ee bari]], mid ka mid ah tirada ugu badan ee dalka, oo lagu daray ilaa 70 [[wiyisha cad ee koonfureed]]. Waxa kale oo jira tiro [[giraafta Rothschild]], mar kale loo raro badbaadada laga bilaabo galbeedka [[Kenya]] laga bilaabo 1977. [[Waterbuck]] waa kuwo aad u badan labada [[Kenya]]n subspecies ayaa laga helaa halkan. Ugaarsadayaasha waxaa ka mid ah libaaxyo, shabeello iyo wiyilo, kuwaas oo si aad ah loo arko waqtiyadii u dambeeyay. Beertu waxay kaloo leedahay [[Pythonidae|python]] cabbir weyn leh oo ku nool dhulalka kaynta leh, waxaana inta badan lagu arki karaa iyagoo ka gudbaya waddooyinka ama ka sudhan geedaha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kahenda |first=Mercy |title=Residents' nightmare as rare visitors come calling, wreak havoc |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000130385/standard-digital |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> Sida flamingos, waxaa jira kumanaan nooc oo shimbirro kale ah oo ku nool harada iyo aagga ku hareeraysan, sida [[African fish eagle]], [[Goliath heron]], [[hamerkop]], [[pied kingfisher]] iyo [[Verreaux's eagle]] iyo kuwo kale oo noocooda ah. {{clear}} {{wide image|Lake-Nakuru.jpg|800px|Muuqaalka panoramik ee Harada Nakuru ee laga eego Baboon Cliff}} {{clear}} == Deegaanka iyo duurjoogta == === Harada Nakuru === {{clear}} [[File:Large number of flamingos at Lake Nakuru.jpg|thumb|Tiro badan oo flamingos ah oo ku taal Harada Nakuru, 2007]] {{clear}} Harada Nakuru, waa [[haro alkaline ah|haro alkaline]] yar (oo u dhaxaysa {{convert|5|to|45|km2|disp=sqbr}}) oo ku taal cidhifka koonfureed ee magaalada [[Nakuru]] waxay ku taal qiyaastii {{convert|164|km}} waqooyi ka xigta [[Nairobi]]. Haradu waxay hoy u tahay [[flamingo]]s casaan ah, kuwaas oo inta badan ka badan hal milyan, mararka qaarkoodna laba milyan.<ref name=Reuters2020>{{Cite news |date=September 3, 2020 |title=Long-missed pink flamingos return to Kenya's Lake Nakuru |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-environment-flamingos-idUSKBN25U0WG |quote=Flamingos eat insect larvae and algae that gives them their pink hue. High water levels shrink the birds' ideal breeding and feeding grounds. |access-date=January 3, 2023}}</ref> Waxay ku quudiyaan [[algae]] badan, oo ku barwaaqoobay biyaha kulul. Saynis yahanadu waxay qiyaasayaan in dadka [[flamingo]] ee Nakuru ay cunaan qiyaastii {{convert|250,000|kg|abbr=on}} oo [[algae]] halkii hektar ee dusha sare sannadkii. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo [[flamingo]] ah: [[lesser flamingo]] (gaaban oo fudud) iyo [[greater flamingo]] (dheer oo madow). Lesser flamingos waxaa badanaa lagu sawiraa dukumentiyada inta badan sababtoo ah tiradooda badan. Tirada flamingos-ka ayaa hoos u dhacaysay dhawaan{{when|date=February 2025}}, laga yaabee sababtoo ah dalxiis aad u badan ama wasakh ka dhalatay qashinka warshadaha oo lagu shubo ilaha biyaha ee aagga ku hareeraysan – isbeddellada tayada biyaha ayaa harada ka dhigaya ku meel gaadh ahaan mid aan loo baahnayn flamingoes. Caadi ahaan, haradu way dib u gurataa xilliga abaaraha waxayna fatahtaa xilliga roobka.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zoRfAAAAIBAJ&dq=%22Lake+Nakuru%22&pg=PA27&article_id=3876,3511695 |via=[[Lewiston Morning Tribune|Lewiston Tribune]] |title=Flamingo Farewell |date=November 26, 2006 |first=Charles J. |agency=Associated Press |location=Lewiston, Idaho |last=Hanley |access-date=February 19, 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEFSAAAAIBAJ&dq=%22Lake+Nakuru%22&pg=PA43&article_id=7149,430876 |title=Pollution drives birds from lake in Kenya |work=[[Tampa Bay Times|St. Petersburg Times]] |first=Alfredo |last=Araujo |date=May 26, 1975 |access-date=February 19, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Tan iyo 1975, waxaa jiray kala duwanaansho ballaaran oo u dhexeeya heerarka biyaha ee xilliyada qalalan iyo kuwa qoyan. 1990-meeyadii, heerka biyaha ee goobta ayaa hoos u dhacay si aad ah. Kadib 2013, waxay heshay koror aad u weyn oo heerarka biyaha ah. Intii u dhaxaysay 2013 iyo 2020, dusha sare ee harada ayaa si ku meel gaar ah u ballaartay min 15.4 sq mi (40 sq km) ilaa 26.3 sq mi (68 sq km). Tani waxay keentay fatahaadda boqollaal aagagga beerta iyo guryaha maxalliga ah.<ref name=Reuters2020 /><ref>{{cite web |work=Our Breathing Planet |title=Lake Nakuru |date=30 September 2016 |url=https://www.ourbreathingplanet.com/?p=5724 |access-date=February 19, 2025 }}</ref> Waxaa looga shakisan yahay in isbeddelladan ay keeneen kordhinta beddelka dhulka biyaha u dhow ee wax-soo-saarka dalagga iyo magaaleynta, labadaba taas oo yareynaysa awoodda carrada si ay u nuugaan biyaha, dib u buuxinta biyaha dhulka hoostiisa iyo sidaas awgeed kordhinta fatahaadda xilliyeed.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UzAqAAAAIBAJ&dq=%22Lake+Nakuru%22&pg=PA12&article_id=7144,1177819 |work=[[The Daily News (Kentucky)|Park City Daily News]] |title=Pollution is causing birds to take flight in Kenya |date=May 7, 1975 |first=Alfredo |last=Araujo |location=Bowling Green, Kentucky |access-date=February 19, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Wasakhda iyo abaaraha ayaa baabi'iya cuntada flamingos, [[Cyanobacteria]] oo loo yaqaan algae buluug-cagaaran, taasoo keenaysa inay u haajiraan harooyinka u dhow, marar dhawaanahan Harooyinka [[Elementaita]], [[Simbi]] Nyaima iyo [[Harada Bogoria|Bogoria]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xhknAAAAIBAJ&dq=%22Lake+Nakuru%22&pg=PA2&article_id=5236,3695403 |via=[[The Victoria Advocate]] |title=A farewell to flamingoes, African lake's iconic birds are vanishing |first=Charles J. |last=Hanley |location=Victoria, Texas |agency=Associated Press |date=November 17, 2006 |access-date=February 19, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Isbeddellada cimilada maxalliga ah ayaa sidoo kale loo malaynayaa inay gacan ka geystaan isbeddelka xaaladaha deegaanka ee harooyinka. Warbixinnada warbaahinta ee 1991 ayaa muujiyay walaac sii kordhaya oo ka dhex jira daneeyayaasha, maadaama qax-qaxa ballaaran ee flamingo iyo dhimashadu ay u horseedi karto masiibo warshadaha dalxiiska.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UDIwAAAAIBAJ&dq=%22Lake+Nakuru%22&pg=PA171&article_id=2630,5900197 |via=[[Reading Eagle]] |agency=Reuters |location=Reading, Pennsylvania |date=December 30, 1991 |title=Pollution is killing park life, waste is defiling Kenya preserve |language=en}}</ref> Sannadkii 2024, go'aannada maxkamadda Kenya ayaa cadaadis ku saaraya xarunta daaweynta biyaha ee maxalliga ah iyo mas'uuliyiinta la magacaabay si ay u nadiifiyaan dheecaannada saameeya Harada Nakuru Basin.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nakuru.mtaawangu.co.ke/categories/whats-hot/lobby-group-wins-court-case-against-county-government-to-save-lake-nakuru-4777724 |title=Lobby group wins court case against county government to save Lake Nakuru |first=Bret |last=Sanya |work=Mtaa Wangu |location=Nakuru, Kenya |date=September 27, 2024 |access-date=February 19, 2025 }}</ref> [[Flamingo]]s waxay ku quudiyaan [[algae]], laga sameeyay qashinkooda biyaha [[alkaline]] ee diiran, iyo [[plankton]]. Laakiin [[flamingo]] maaha soo jiidashada avian-ka kaliya; sidoo kale waxay joogaan laba shimbirood oo waaweyn oo kalluunka cuna, [[pelican]]s iyo [[cormorant]]s. In kasta oo biyaha diirran iyo [[alkaline]], kalluun yar, ''[[Alcolapia grahami]]'' ayaa barwaaqoobay ka dib markii la soo bandhigay horraantii 1960-meeyadii.<ref name = FishBase>{{FishBase|Alcolapia|grahami|month=September|year=2019}}</ref> [[File:African Hoopoe (Upupa africana).jpg|thumb|African Hoopoe oo ku taal Harada Nakuru, 2008]] Haradu waxay kaloo hodan ku tahay nolol kale oo shimbiro ah. Waxaa jira in ka badan 400 oo nooc oo degan harada iyo beerta ku hareeraysan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.exoticbirding.com/kenya/lake-nakuru/checklist.html |title=Lake Nakuru, birds sighted |first=Jim |last=Wittenberger |work=Exotic Birding |date=2025 |access-date=February 19, 2025}}</ref> Kumanaan ka mid ah labada [[grebe]]s iyo [[tern]]s madow ee garabka cad ayaa inta badan la arkaa sida [[stilt]]s, [[avocet]]s, [[duck]]s, iyo jiilaalka Yurub shimbiraha socdaalka. [[File:Lake Nakuru (305955723).jpg|thumb|Storks cad, flamingoes iyo shimbiraha kale ee Harada Nakuru, 2008]] [[File:Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya - 51955018528.jpg|thumb|left|Pelicans cad oo ku taal Harada Nakuru, 2022]] {{clear}} [[Zooplankton]] waxay ku jiraan haradan, qayb ka mid ah cuntada shimbiraha. Nooca [[rotifer]] monogonont ''[[Brachionus]] sp.'' Austria (oo ka tirsan ''[[Brachionus plicatilis]]'' cryptic species complex) ayaa ka dhaca harada. === Dhulka beerta dhexdeeda === [[File:Rhinos at lake nakuru.jpg|thumb|Wiyisha Cad]] Dhulka ku wareegsan Harada Nakuru waxay hoy u tahay noocyo kala duwan oo duurjoog ah, gaar ahaan noocyada laga helo kaliya qaaradda Afrika. Tirinta noocyada ayaa bilaabantay 1970 si loo qiimeeyo kala duwanaanta iyo baaxadda xayawaanka beerta oo loo ogaado hoos u dhaca ama kororka waqti ka dib.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1974.tb00113.x |title=Density and biomass of large mammals in Lake Nakuru National Park |first=M. J. |last=Kutilek |journal=African Journal of Ecology |date=April 2008 |orig-date=September 1974 |volume=12 |number=3 |pages=201–212 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2028.1974.tb00113.x |access-date=February 19, 2025 |quote=Over the past 70 years, human activity has severely limited the diversity and movements of large mammals in the region of Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya. Game counts were begun in April 1970 to assess the status of those species remaining. |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Wiyisha madow iyo caddaanku waxay ku barwaaqoobaan beerta qaranka ee ku hareeraysan aagga loo qoondeeyay wiyisha. Waxaa lagu xayndaabay si loo xaddido ugaarsiga. Sidoo kale waxaa la arkaa Cape buffalo, African wild dog, zebra, eland iyo waterbuck.<ref name=WildlifeWorldwide /> Waxaa jiray aragtida shabeelka, iyo giraafta Rothschild ee naadir ah. Kaydkeeda acacia iyo euphorbia waxay u yihiin hoy xayawaannada inta lagu jiro kulaylka maalintii. Barkadda hippo waxay u oggolaanaysaa daawashada noocyadaas.<ref name=WildlifeWorldwide>{{cite web |url=https://www.wildlifeworldwide.com/locations/lake-nakuru-national-park |title=Lake Nakuru National Park |date=2025 |work=Wildlife Worldwide, The Natural Travel Collection |access-date=February 19, 2025 }}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska Goobaha Dhaxalka Adduunka ee Kenya]] * [[Harooyinka Dooxada Rift]] * [[Dooxada Weyn ee Rift, Kenya]] * [[Webiyada Kenya]] * [[Lake Nshenyi]] == Tixraacyo == <references/> == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category|Lake Nakuru}} {{wikivoyage|Lake Nakuru National Park}} *[https://www.kws.go.ke/lake-nakuru-national-park Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Nakuru] mareegta * [https://web.archive.org/web/20021112062553/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/11/1107_021108_TVflamingo.html National Geographic – "Mysterious Kenya Flamingo Die-Offs Tied to Toxins, Study Says"] (November 2002) {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nakuru}} qwczfqmxtmahyc3e4vkvaqzyat7emgw 0 49156 302166 2026-07-13T10:22:07Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Harada Ambussel | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = <!-- Images --> | image = Lake Ambussel.jpg | alt = | caption = Harada Ambussel | image_bathymetry = | alt_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = <!-- Stats --> | location = [[Lossogonoi Plateau]] ee [[Tansaaniya]] | group = | coordinates = {{coord|-3.933|37.266|display=inline,title|region:TZ_type:waterbody_source:GNS-enwiki}} | type = [[harad]] | etymology = | part_of = | inflow = | rivers = | outflow = | oceans = | catchment = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | basin_countries = | agency = | designation = | date-built = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} For man-made and other recent bodies of water --> | engineer = | date-flooded = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} For man-made and other recent bodies of water --> | length = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | width = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | area = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | depth = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | max-depth = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | volume = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | residence_time = | salinity = | shore = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | elevation = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | temperature_high = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | temperature_low = <!-- {{convert|VALUE|UNITS}} must be used --> | frozen = | islands = | islands_category = | sections = | trenches = | benches = | cities = <!-- Map --> | pushpin_map = Tanzania | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = Goobta harada ee Tansaaniya. | pushpin_map_caption = <!-- Below --> | website = | reference = }} '''Harada Ambussel''' waa harad ku taalla [[Lossogonoi Plateau]] ee [[Tansaaniya]].<ref name="Catchment ecosystems and downstream water : the value of water resources in the Pangani basin, Tanzania">{{cite book|author=IUCN|title=Catchment ecosystems and downstream water : the value of water resources in the Pangani basin, Tanzania|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QmHvdkVNLEgC&pg=PA12|accessdate=24 September 2011|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-955-8177-49-5|pages=12–}}</ref> Sidoo kale waxaa ku jira [[Nyumba ya Mungu Reservoir]], [[Harada Chala]] iyo [[Harada Jipe]], waana mid ka mid ah afarta [[Body of water|goobood oo biyo ah]] ee ku yaalla [[Pangani River|dooxada Pangani]].<ref name="ProgrammeInitiative2003">{{cite book|author1=IUCN Eastern Africa Programme |title=Pangani basin: a situation analysis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NW9bRbbgft8C&pg=PA21 |accessdate=24 September 2011 |year=2003 |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0760-0 |pages=21–}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ctgk80o9t6hszc32w5b3ma2a5kyzz90 0 49157 302167 2026-07-13T10:24:28Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Harada Chala | type = [[Harada foolkaano]] | other_name = Harada Challa | location = Waxay ku taallaa xadka u dhexeeya [[Tansaaniya]] iyo [[Kenya]] ee bariga Afrika | image = Lake Chala.jpg | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | coords = {{Coord|3|19|S|37|42|E|type:waterbody_scale:3000000|display=inline,title}} | outflow = Dhulka hoostiisa | inflow = Dhulka hoostiisa | catchment = {{convert|1.38 to 1.43|km2}}<ref name="BIT">{{cite journal | url=https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/files/43901012/lake.pdf | title=Interannual and (multi-)decadal variability in the sedimentary BIT index of Lake Challa, East Africa, over the past 2200 years: assessment of the precipitation proxy | author1=L. K. Buckles | author2=D. Verschuren | author3=J. W. H. Weijers | author4=C. Cocquyt | author5=M. Blaauw | author6=J. S. S. Damste | journal=[[Climate of the Past]] | year=2016 | volume=12 | issue=5 | page=1244 | accessdate=27 June 2018|doi=10.5194/cp-12-1243-2016| doi-access=free }}</ref> | basin_countries = Rombo, Tansaaniya<br>Kenya | length = | width = | area = {{convert|4.2|km2}}<ref name="BIT"/><ref name="Seismic"/>{{rp|215}}<br>{{convert|4.5|km2}}<ref name="Seasonality"/> | depth = | max-depth = {{convert|98|m}}<ref name="Seasonality"/> | volume = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|880|m}}<ref name="Seismic"/>{{rp|215}}<ref name="Seasonality"/> | residence_time = | islands = | islands_category = | cities = <!-- Map --> | pushpin_map = Tanzania#Africa | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = Goobta harada Chala ee Tansaaniya. | pushpin_map_caption = <!-- Below --> | website = | reference = }} '''Harada Chala''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Harada Challa''', waa [[harada foolkaano]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.go2africa.com/tanzania/lake-chala | title=Tanzania » Places Of Interest » Lake Chala | website=go2africa.com | accessdate=12 June 2010 | archive-date=22 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422024256/https://www.go2africa.com/destinations/tanzania/why-go | url-status=dead }}</ref> oo ku taalla xadka u dhexeeya [[Kenya]] iyo [[Tansaaniya]]. Haradu waxay samaysantay qiyaastii 250,000 oo sano ka hor.<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.aqua.iee.unibe.ch/unibe/portal/fak_naturwis/d_dbio/b_ioekev/abt_ae/content/e60752/e339757/e376721/files681202/Dieleman_Muschicketal.2018_Hydrobio_LakeChala_eng.pdf | title=Species integrity and origin of ''Oreochromis hunteri'' (Pisces: Cichlidae), endemic to crater Lake Chala (Tanzania-Kenya) | author1=Jorunn Dieleman | author2=Moritz Muschick | author3=Wanja Dorothy Nyingi | author4=Dirk Verschuren | journal=[[Hydrobiologia]] | volume=832 | doi=10.1007/s10750-018-3570-7 | series=Advances in Cichlid Research III | date=4 April 2018 | page=12 | s2cid=4591524 | accessdate=27 June 2018 | archive-date=27 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627173649/http://www.aqua.iee.unibe.ch/unibe/portal/fak_naturwis/d_dbio/b_ioekev/abt_ae/content/e60752/e339757/e376721/files681202/Dieleman_Muschicketal.2018_Hydrobio_LakeChala_eng.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> Haradu waxay ku taallaa bariga [[Mount Kilimanjaro]], {{convert|8|km}} woqooyi ka xigta [[Taveta, Kenya]], iyo {{convert|55|km}} bari ka xigta [[Degmada Rombo]]. Harada waxaa ku wareegsan foolkaano qoto dheer oo leh dherer dhan {{convert|170|m}}.<ref name="Seasonality">{{cite journal | url= https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/36193/1/Wolff_LO_2014.pdf| title=Modern seasonality in Lake Challa (Kenya/Tanzania) and its sedimentary documentation in recent lake sediments | author1=Christian Wolff | author2=Iris Kristen-Jenny | author3=Georg Schettler | author4=Birgit Plessen | author5=Hanno Meyer | author6=Peter Dulski | author7=Rudolf Naumann | author8=Achim Brauer | author9=Dirk Verschuren | author10=Gerald H. Haug | journal=[[Limnology and Oceanography]] | year=2014 | volume=59 | number=5 | page=1621 |doi=10.4319/lo.2014.59.5.1621 | doi-access=free }}</ref> Celceliska roobka sanadlaha ah ee Harada Chala waa qiyaastii {{convert|565|mm}}.<ref name="Seismic">{{cite journal | url=http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/229981.pdf | title=The seismic-stratigraphic record of lake-level fluctuations in Lake Challa: Hydrological stability and change in equatorial East Africa over the last 140 kyr | author1=J. Moemaut | author2=D. Verschuren | author3=F. Charlet | author4=I. Kristen | author5=M. Fagot | author6=M. De Batist | journal=[[Earth and Planetary Science Letters]] | date=13 January 2010 | volume=290 | issue=1–2 | pages=214–223 | accessdate=27 June 2018|doi= 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.023}}</ref>{{rp|215}} Dusha sare ee haradu waxay leedahay uumi-bax sanadle ah oo ku dhow {{convert|1735|mm}}.<ref name="Seismic"/> Qiyaastii 80 boqolkiiba biyaha soo gala harada waxay ka yimaadaan [[biyo-dhulka hoostiisa]], kuwaas oo badankood ka yimaada roobabka ka da'a kaymaha buuraleyda ah ee Mount Kilimanjaro oo jooggoodu yahay {{convert|1800 to 2800|m}}.<ref name="BIT"/> Waxay qaadataa qiyaastii saddex bilood in biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ay gaaraan harada.<ref name="Seismic"/>{{rp|221}} Biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ayaa ku qulqulayay harada iyadoo lagu qiyaasay mugga sanadlaha ah ee {{convert|8390000|m3}} intii u dhaxaysay 1964 ilaa 1977.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0eb4/3f2932b390a81d7a1e15ae178f59dabd2520.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625161058/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0eb4/3f2932b390a81d7a1e15ae178f59dabd2520.pdf | url-status=dead | archive-date=25 June 2018 | title=Radioisotopes for the Estimation of the Water Balance of Lakes and Reservoirs | author=B. R. Payne | journal=Tracer Methods in Isotope Hydrology | publisher=[[International Atomic Energy Agency]] | year=1982 | page=161 | accessdate=25 June 2018}}</ref> ==Deegaanka== [[File:Lake Chala Aerial.jpg|thumb|Sawir hawada sare laga qaaday ee Harada Chala]] Kalluunka kaliya ee haradan u dhashay waa [[Lake Chala tilapia]] (''Oreochromis hunteri''), kaas oo aan meel kale oo adduunka ah laga helin.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=2032 | title=''Oreochromis hunteri'' | website=fishbase.org | accessdate=25 June 2018}}</ref><ref name=Dieleman2019>{{cite journal| author1=Dieleman, J. | author2=M. Muschick | author3=W.D. Nyingi | author4=D. Verschuren | year=2019 | title=Species integrity and origin of Oreochromis hunteri (Pisces: Cichlidae), endemic to crater Lake Chala (Kenya–Tanzania) | journal=Hydrobiologia | volume=832 | issue=1 | pages=269–282 | doi=10.1007/s10750-018-3570-7 | s2cid=4591524 | url=https://boris.unibe.ch/116496/ }}</ref> Waxaa loo arkaa inuu yahay [[halis aad u daran]] sida uu sheegay [[IUCN]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/60634/0 | title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Oreochromis hunteri | publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature | year=2006 | accessdate=25 June 2018}}</ref> haddana waxaa aad uga badan noocyo kale oo [[tilapia]] ah oo la keenay Harada Chala.<ref name=Moser2019>{{cite journal| author1=Moser, F.N. | author2=J.C. van Rijssel | author3=B. Ngatunga | author4=S. Mwaiko | author5=O. Seehausen | year=2019 | title=The origin and future of an endangered crater lake endemic; phylogeography and ecology of Oreochromis hunteri and its invasive relatives | journal=Hydrobiologia | volume=832 | issue=1 | pages=283–296 | doi=10.1007/s10750-018-3780-z | s2cid=52944759 | url=https://boris.unibe.ch/120465/7/Moser%20et%20al.%202018%20Hydrobiologia%20Lake%20Chala_accepted%20version.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last1=Volkman|first1=John K.|chapter=Lipid Biomarkers as Organic Geochemical Proxies for the Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of Estuarine Environments|date=2017|title=Applications of Paleoenvironmental Techniques in Estuarine Studies|pages=173–212|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-024-0988-8|last2=Smittenberg|first2=Rienk H.|doi=10.1007/978-94-024-0990-1_8}}</ref> Gabar 18 jir ah oo u dhalatay dalka Ingiriiska ayaa lagu dilay sanadkii 2002 [[Nile crocodile]] yar markii ay habeenkii dabaalanaysay harada.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/kenya/1387739/British-girl-killed-by-rare-dwarf-crocodile.html | location=London | newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] | author=Adrian Blomfield | title=British girl 'killed by rare dwarf crocodile' | date=14 March 2002 | accessdate=25 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/12/world.education | title=Girl's body found in crocodile lake | author=James Astill | newspaper=[[The Guardian]] | location=London | date=12 March 2002 | accessdate=25 June 2018}}</ref> Maalmo ka dib, [[Kenya Police|Ciidanka Booliska Kenya]] ayaa sheegay in haradu ay ka buuxaan yaxaasyo, halka [[Kenya Wildlife Service]] ay sheegeen, "Yaxaasyo ayaa laga helaa Harada Chala mana loo arko mid ammaan ah in lagu dabaasho gabi ahaanba."{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{Commons category|Lake Chala}} *[[Dadka Chaga]] *[[Liiska harooyinka Kenya]] *[[Liiska harooyinka Tansaaniya]] *[[Degmada Rombo]] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chala}} 511qiiakswd3vdqylmz2vnzbd1fgscb 0 49158 302168 2026-07-13T10:29:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Ahafo | official_name = Gobolka Ahafo | type = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]] | image_skyline = The Tano River.jpg | image_caption = Webiga Tano | image_map = Ahafo in Ghana 2018.svg | mapsize = 150px | map_caption = Goobta Ahafo ee Ghana | image_map1 = | map_caption1 = | flag_size = 250px | flag_link = | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Ghana]] | leader_title = Magaalada ugu weyn | leader_name = [[Mim, Ahafo]] | leader_title1 = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]] | leader_name1 = [[Charity Gardiner]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ahrcc.gov.gh/newly-appointed-ahafo-regional-minister-hon-george-yaw-boakye-paid-a-courtesy-call-to-nana-sankoremanhene/|title = Newly Appointed Ahafo Regional Minister, Hon. George Yaw Boakye Paid a Courtesy Call to Nana Sankoremanhene – Ahafo Regional Coordinating Council}}</ref> | leader_title2 = <!-- Members of Parliament --> | leader_name2 = | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Goaso]] | area_total_km2 = 5,193 | area_footnotes = | area_rank = <!--[[List of Ghanaian regions by area|Ranked ]]--> | population_total = 564,668<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statsghana.gov.gh/regionalpopulation.php?population=MTMxOTU3MTAxOC44MjU=&&Bono&regid=2|title = Ghana Statistical Services}}</ref> | population_as_of = Tirakoobka 2021 | population_footnotes = | population_rank = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana marka loo eego dadka|Kaalinta 16-aad]] | population_density_km2 = 109 | demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]] | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Sannad | demographics1_info1 = | demographics1_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics1_info2 = | demographics_type2 = [[GDP magacaaban|GDP (Nominal)]] | demographics2_title1 = Sannad | demographics2_info1 = | demographics2_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics2_info2 = | blank_name_sec2 = [[Tusmada Horumarka Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2017)}} | blank_info_sec2 = | parts_type = [[Degmooyinka Gobolka Ahafo|Degmooyin]] | parts_style = para | p1 = | iso_code = | website = | timezone = [[GMT]] | area_code = [[Lambarrada taleefoonada ee Ghana|035]] }} '''Gobolka Ahafo''' waa [[Gobolada Ghana|gobol]] cusub oo ku yaalla Ghana, kaas oo la abuuray 27 Diseembar 2018, iyadoo [[Goaso]] ay tahay caasimaddiisa.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-11-21|work=Ghana News| url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/11/21/commission-of-enquiry-on-creation-of-new-regions-commences-work/|title=Commission of enquiry on creation of new regions commences work - Ghana News|access-date=2017-12-12|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CREATION OF NEW ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS—COUNCIL OF STATE RECOMMENDS COMMISSION OF ENQUIRY - Government of Ghana |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/news/3917-creation-of-new-administrative-regions-council-of-state-recommends-commission-of-enquiry |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924135011/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/news/3917-creation-of-new-administrative-regions-council-of-state-recommends-commission-of-enquiry |archive-date=2019-09-24 |access-date=2017-12-12 |website=Government Of Ghana |language=en-gb}}</ref> Gobolku wuxuu leeyahay sharci-dejinta maamulka iyo dawladda sida dhammaan tobanka gobol ee horey uga jiray Ghana. Gobolka ayaa laga gooyay qaybta koonfur-bari ee [[Gobolka Brong Ahafo]] waxaana lagu fuliyay ballan-qaad olole oo ay samaysay Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub (New Patriotic Party). Kahor [[doorashadii guud ee Ghana ee 2016]], murashaxii markaas [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in marka la doorto, uu sahamin doono suurtagalnimada abuurista gobollo cusub oo laga gooyo qaar ka mid ah gobollada jira ee Ghana si dawladda loogu dhoweeyo muwaadiniinta. Fulinta qorshayaasha abuurista gobollada waxaa loo xilsaaray [[Wasaaradda Dib-u-habaynta iyo Horumarinta Gobolka]] ee dhawaan la abuuray<ref name="yyuiu">{{cite web |title=2nd Ministerial list out: Akufo-Addo creates new ministries, re-aligns old |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/January-11th/2nd-ministerial-list-out-akufo-addo-creates-new-ministries-re-aligns-old.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731040155/http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/January-11th/2nd-ministerial-list-out-akufo-addo-creates-new-ministries-re-aligns-old.php |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=22 June 2017 |website= |publisher=MyJoyonline}}</ref> taas oo ay hoggaaminayso [[Dan Botwe|Hon. Dan Botwe]], wasiirka [[Dawladda Ghana]] ee lagu eedeeyay mas'uuliyadda kormeerka abuurista gobollada cusub ee Ghana.<ref name="yyuiu" /> Bishii Maarso 2017, wasaaraddu waxay u dirtay qorshaha abuurista gobolka, oo ay la socdaan kuwo kale, [[Golaha Gobolka (Ghana)|Golaha Gobolka]]. Goluhu wuxuu kulmay in ka badan 36 jeer laga bilaabo wakhtigii la soo gudbiyay ilaa Agoosto 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-08-16 |title=Council of State met 36 times on new Regions - Nana Otuo Siriboe II |language=en-US |work=GhanaCrusader - Latest News in Ghana and Beyond |url=https://www.ghanacrusader.com/council-of-state-met-36-times-on-creation-of-new-regions-nana-otuo-siriboe-ii/ |url-status=dead |access-date=2017-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212193348/https://www.ghanacrusader.com/council-of-state-met-36-times-on-creation-of-new-regions-nana-otuo-siriboe-ii/ |archive-date=2017-12-12}}</ref> Heerka ugu dambeeya ee abuurista gobolka waxaa lagu go'aamiyay [[afti]] ay dadka ku dhex nool gobolka cusub ka qaadeen 27 Diseembar 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Creation Of New Region In Your Hands" – President Akufo-Addo To Nayiri – The Presidency, Republic of Ghana |url=http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/2017/10/06/creation-of-new-region-in-your-hands-president-akufo-addo-to-nayiri/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211071727/http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/2017/10/06/creation-of-new-region-in-your-hands-president-akufo-addo-to-nayiri/ |archive-date=2017-12-11 |access-date=2017-12-12 |website=Ghana Presidency |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Magaalooyinka waaweyn== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: centre;" |- bgcolor=#EEEEEE |align=center colspan=4|'''[[Degganaanshaha aadanaha|Magaalooyinka waaweyn]] ee Gobolka Ahafo'''. |- " !class="unsortable"| No. !class="unsortable"| [[Degganaanshaha aadanaha|Degganaansho]] !class="unsortable"| Dadka !class="unsortable"| Sannadka tirakoobka |- |align=center| '''1''' |align=center| [[Mim, Ahafo]] |align=center| 30,753 |align=center| 2017 |- |align=center| '''2''' |align=center| [[Goaso]] |align=center| 24,846 |align=center| 2017 |- |align=center| '''3''' |align=center| [[Bechem]] |align=center| 17,677 |align=center| 2013 |- |align=center| '''4''' |align=center| [[Duayaw Nkwanta]] |align=center| 16,541 |align=center| 2013 |- |align=center| '''5''' |align=center| [[Techimantia]] |align=center| |align=center| |- |align=center| '''6''' |align=center| [[Kenyasi]] |align=center| |align=center| |- |align=center| '''7''' |align=center| [[Hwidiem]] |align=center| |align=center| |} ==Qaybaha maamulka== Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolka waa iyada oo loo marayo nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul hoostiisa, gobolka waxa loo qaybiyaa lix MMDA (oo ka kooban 0 degmooyin magaalo, 3 degmooyin maamul, iyo 3 gole caadi ah).<ref name="GhanaDistricts-Ahafo">{{cite web |title=Ghana Districts - Ahafo |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Region/12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617031734/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Region/12 |archive-date=17 June 2019 |access-date=10 March 2019 |website= |publisher=Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development}}</ref> Degmo kasta, Golaha Degmada ama Magaalada, waxaa maamula Maamule sare, oo matalaya dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya gole uu madax u yahay xubin guddoomiye ah oo laga soo doortay xubnaha laftooda. Liiska hadda waa sida soo socota: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Degmooyinka Gobolka Ahafo<ref>[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/ghana.aspx Brong-Ahafo Region]. Geohive.</ref> |- ! # ! Magaca MMDA ! Caasimad ! Nooca MMDA ! Maamulaha Sare ! Xubin Baarlamaan !Xisbi |- ! 1 | [[Degmada Degmada Asunafo Woqooyi|Asunafo Woqooyi]] | '''[[Goaso]]''' | Degmada Maamulka | Osei Yaw Boahen | [[Evans Bobie Opoku]] |NPP |- ! 2 | [[Degmada Asunafo Koonfur|Asunafo Koonfur]] | [[Kukuom]] | Caadi | Frank Aduse Poku | [[Eric Opoku (siyaasi)|Eric Opoku]] |NDC |- ! 3 | [[Degmada Asutifi Woqooyi|Asutifi Woqooyi]] | [[Kenyasi]] | Caadi | Anthony Mensah | [[Patrick Banor]] |NPP |- ! 4 | [[Degmada Asutifi Koonfur|Asutifi Koonfur]] | [[Hwidiem]] | Caadi | Robert Mensah Dwomoh | [[Collins Dauda]] |NDC |- ! 5 | [[Degmada Degmada Tano Woqooyi|Tano Woqooyi]] | [[Duayaw Nkwanta]] | Degmada Maamulka | Ernest Kwarteng | [[Freda Prempeh]] |NPP |- ! 6 | [[Degmada Degmada Tano Koonfur|Tano Koonfur]] | [[Bechem]] | Degmada Maamulka | Collins Takyi Offinam | [[Benjamin Yeboah Sekyere]] |NPP |- |} ==Taariikh== [[Afti]] la qabtay 27 Diseembar 2018<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2018 |title=Referendum: Massive YES votes for 6 new regions {{!}} General News 2018-12-28 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Referendum-Massive-YES-votes-for-6-new-regions-711692 |access-date=2019-01-02 |website=GhanaWeb.}}</ref> ayaa ansixisay abuurista Gobolka Ahafo. Wadarta guud ee 307,108 cod oo la diiwaan geliyay, 277,663 ayaa ka qayb galay aftida, iyadoo 276,763 (99.68 boqolkiiba) ay u codeeyeen abuurista gobolka cusub. 675 (0.24 boqolkiiba) ayaa diiday mooshinka, iyo 225 cod oo la diiday waxay matalayeen 0.08% wadarta codadka la dhiibtay.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-28 |title=Referendum: 6 new regions get massive 'YES' votes |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/referendum-6-new-regions-get-massive-yes-votes/6l8qds7 |access-date=2019-01-02 |website=pulse ghana |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2018/12/29/all-six-proposed-regions-meet-constitutional-threshold-requirements-ec/|title=All six proposed regions meet constitutional threshold requirements – EC|date=29 December 2018|newspaper=Ghana Business News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/confirmed-results-of-the-2018-referendum-on-new-regions.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=CONFIRMED: Results of the 2018 Referendum on new regions|last=Zurek|first=Kweku|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-01-02}}</ref> Gobolka waxaa la abuuray 13 Febraayo 2019 iyada oo la raacayo Qalabka Dastuuriga ah 114.<ref name="GhanaDistricts-Ahafo"/> Goaso ayaa lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay caasimadda gobolka cusub. ==Dhaqaalaha== Degganayaasha Gobolka Ahafo ayaa u badan beeralay soo saara dalagyo lacageed iyo dalagyo cunto labadaba. Dalagga lacageed ee ugu badan ee gobolka laga beero waa [[kakaa|kakaa]]. [[Muus]] iyo [[Casaaf]] waa dalagyada cuntada ee ugu muhiimsan ee laga soo saaro gobolka, waxaana dalagyadan beeraha ay inta badan ka yimaadaan deegaanada [[Sankore, Ghana |Sankore]], [[Kwadwo Addaikrom]], iyo '''Asumura'''. Gobolku waxa uu hodan ku yahay khayraadka dabiiciga ah sida [[Dahab]], [[Dheeman]], iyo [[Qoryo]]. Kaydka dahabka ayaa ku badan qaybaha [[Mim, Ahafo|Mim]], [[Kenyasi]] iyo [[Yamfo]]. Newmont Gold Ghana Limited, oo ah mid ka mid ah shirkadaha macdanta ee ugu waaweyn adduunka, ayaa hadda ka wada hawlgallada macdanta ee aagagga Kenyasi iyo Yamfo. Gobolka Ahafo, oo ah mid ka mid ah suumanka kaynta ee Ghana, wuxuu leeyahay kayd kayn badan. Warshadaha qoryaha ayaa ah kan labaad ee ugu weyn ee shaqeeya gobolka. Waxaa jira shirkado qoryo waaweyn iyo kuwo dhexdhexaad ah oo ku baahsan gobolka. Waxaana shirkadaha qoryaha ee gobolka ka mid ah shirkadda Ayum Forest Products Co. Ltd,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-14 |title=Trade Minister inaugurates 5-member-board of revitalised Ayum Forest Product Ltd - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/trade-minister-inaugurates-5-member-board-of-revitalised-ayum-forest-product-ltd/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=MyJoyonline |language=en-US}}</ref> Exbo wood Co. Ltd, Ocean-wood Co. Ltd,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ocean Wood Ghana Company Limited is an Exporter in Ghana {{!}} Bill of Lading Data of Ocean Wood Ghana Company Limited |url=https://www.exportgenius.in/ocean-wood-ghana-company-limited-exporter-in-ghana |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=exportgenius india}}</ref> iyo Supremo-wood processing Co LTD''',''' dhammaantood ku yaalla [[Mim, Ahafo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nartey |first=Laud |date=24 November 2020 |title=Rising youth population means more job opportunities should be created – Bawumia |url=https://3news.com/rising-youth-population-means-more-job-opportunities-should-be-created-bawumia/ |access-date=5 October 2023 |website=3news}}</ref> Gobolka Ahafo waxaa loo yaqaanaa inuu yahay dambiisha cuntada ee Ghana. Nooca ciidda ee gobolka ayaa taageera wax soo saarka dalagyada cuntada iyo lacagta labadaba. Gobolka waxaa loo yaqaanaa wax soo saarka weyn ee [[kakaa|kakaa]] iyo [[cashew]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Segbefia |first=Sedem |date=2021-08-02 |title=GCX targets 20,000MT raw cashew for auction next season |url=https://thebftonline.com/2021/08/02/gcx-targets-20000mt-raw-cashew-for-auction-next-season/ |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2023-10-05 |newspaper=[[Business and Financial Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> Shirkadda ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka beeraha ee gobolka waa shirkadda Mim Cashew & Agric Products company LTD, oo ku taal Mim, Ahafo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mim Cashew implementing new strategies to revamp operations |url=https://www.businessghana.com/ |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> ==Dalxiiska== Goobaha dalxiiska ee Gobolka Ahafo waa: * [[Mim Bour]] (dhagaxa Mim) ee [[Mim, Ahafo]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghana |first=Destination |date=2022-12-29 |title=Top 10 Tourist Sites in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana |url=https://visitandtourghana.com/top-10-tourist-attractions-in-ghanas-brong-ahafo-region-you-should-visit/ |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=Destination Ghana |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324054824/https://visitandtourghana.com/top-10-tourist-attractions-in-ghanas-brong-ahafo-region-you-should-visit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tourist Sites & Attractions in Ghana by Region - Myshsrank |url=https://myshsrank.com/post/tourtist-attractions-in-ghana-by-region |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=MyShsrank. |language=en}}</ref> * [[Mim Lake]] sidoo kale ku yaalla [[Mim, Ahafo]] * Kaydka White-necked Rockfowl ee Asumura * Geedka Okomfo Anokye ee Sankore == Juqraafiga iyo cimilada == === Goobta iyo cabbirka === Gobolka Ahafo waxaa xuduud la leh woqooyiga [[Gobolka Bono]], bari waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Ashanti]], galbeedka waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Bono]], koonfurta waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Western North]], waxaana ka kooban 6 degmo. === Cimilada iyo dhirta === Gobolka Ahafo waa qayb ka mid ah suunka kaynta ee Ghana waxaana uu leeyahay dhir ka kooban carradii bacrinka ahayd iyo daaqsin, gaar ahaan [[savanna]] oo leh kooxo geedo u adkaysta abaaraha sida [[Adansonia digitata|baobabs]] ama [[acacia]]s. Inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo Abriil waa [[xilliga qalalan]]. [[Xilliga roobka]] waa inta u dhaxaysa qiyaastii Luulyo iyo Noofambar, iyadoo celceliska roobka sanadlaha ah uu yahay 750 ilaa 1050&nbsp;mm (30 ilaa 40&nbsp;inji). Heerkulka ugu sarreeya ayaa la gaaraa dhammaadka xilliga qalalan; kuwa ugu hooseeya waa Diseembar iyo Janaayo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dabaysha kulul ee [[Harmattan]] ee ka timaada saxaraha ayaa si joogto ah u dhacda inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo bilowga Febraayo. Heerkulku wuu kala duwanaan karaa inta u dhaxaysa 14&nbsp;°C (59&nbsp;°F) habeenkii iyo 40&nbsp;°C (104&nbsp;°F) maalintii.{{clear left}} ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Goaso]] == Tixraac == {{reflist}} {{Geographic location |Centre = <!--[[File:Flag of Volta Region.png|25px|link=Volta Region]]--> Ahafo |North = [[Gobolka Bono|Bono]] |Northeast = [[Gobolka Ashanti]] |East = [[Gobolka Ashanti]] |Southeast = [[Gobolka Ashanti]] |South = [[Gobolka Western North|Western North]] |Southwest = [[Gobolka Western North|Western North]] |West = [[Gobolka Bono|Bono]]<br>[[Gobolka Western North|Western North]] |Northwest = [[Gobolka Bono|Bono]] }} {{coord|7|00|N|2|27|W|display=title|region:GH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki}} {{Authority control}} 8ifesmeu74ly20bi66td8gv99n66ixm 0 49159 302169 2026-07-13T10:32:19Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Ashanti | type = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]] | image_skyline = Sawah rice cultivation in inland valleys in Ashanti region, Ghana - panoramio (14).jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Beerashada bariiska ee Sawah ee dooxooyinka gudaha ee gobolka Ashanti, Ghana | image_map = File:Ashanti in Ghana 2018.svg | mapsize = 250px | map_caption = Goobta Gobolka Ashanti ee Ghana | image_map1 = | map_caption1 = | image_flag = | coordinates = {{coord|6|45|N|1|30|W|region:Gh|display=inline, title}} | flag_size = | flag_link = | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = {{flag|Ghana}} | leader_title = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]] | leader_name = [[Frank Amoakohene]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers|title=Regional Ministers - Government of Ghana|website=ghana.gov.gh|access-date=2017-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704052607/http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers|archive-date=2017-07-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[Asantehene]] | leader_name1 = [[Osei Tutu II]] | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = {{nowrap|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Kumasi.png}} [[Kumasi]]}} | area_total_km2 = 24,389 | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=2&sa=8 |title=Ashanti Region |access-date=2010-10-13 |publisher=Ghanadistricts.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828113312/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=2&sa=8 |archive-date=2010-08-28 }}</ref> | area_rank = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana marka loo eego bedka|Kaalinta 3-aad]] | population_total = 5,440,463 | population_footnotes = | population_as_of = Tirakoobka 2021 | population_rank = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana marka loo eego dadka|Kaalinta 1-aad]] | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]] | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Sannad | demographics1_info1 = 2013 | demographics1_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics1_info2 = $5,150 | demographics_type2 = [[Gross domestic product#Nominal GDP and adjustments to GDP|GDP (Nominal)]] | demographics2_title1 = Sannad | demographics2_info1 = 2013 | demographics2_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics2_info2 = $2,500 | blank_name_sec2 = [[Tusmada Horumarka Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2022)}} | blank_info_sec2 = {{increase}} 0.641<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br />{{color|#FFA500|dhexdhexaad}} · [[Liiska gobolada Ghana marka loo eego Tusmada Horumarka Aadanaha|3rd]] | parts_type = Degmooyin | parts_style = para | p1 = 27 | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-AH]] | timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] | area_code = [[Lambarrada taleefoonada ee Ghana|032]] | official_name = }} '''Gobolka Ashanti''' wuxuu ku yaallaa qaybta koonfureed ee [[Ghana]] waana gobolka saddexaad ee ugu weyn [[Gobolada Ghana|16 gobol oo maamul]], isagoo ku fadhiya wadarta guud ee dhul dhan 24,389 km2 taas oo ka dhigan 10.2% ee wadarta guud ee dhulka Ghana. Waa [[Liiska gobolada Ghana marka loo eego dadka|gobolka ugu dadka badan]] Ghana, oo leh dad gaaraya 5,440,463 sida lagu sheegay tirakoobka 2021, taas oo ka dhigan ilaa hal-meel-meel lixaad ee wadarta guud ee dadka Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana: Regions, Major Cities & Urban Localities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/ghana/cities/ |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref> Gobolka Ashanti wuxuu caan ku yahay wax soo saarkiisa [[dahab]] iyo [[kakaa|kakaa]]. Magaalada ugu weyn iyo [[caasimadda]] Ashanti waa [[Kumasi]].<ref name="Ashanti Region2">[http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=2&sa=10 Ashanti Region] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828113226/http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=2&sa=10 |date=August 28, 2010 }}</ref> == Juqraafiga == Gobolka Ashanti wuxuu ku yaallaa suunka dhexe ee Ghana. Wuxuu u dhexeeyaa dhigaha 0.15W iyo 2.25W, iyo loolka 5.50N iyo 7.46N. Gobolku wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay lix ka mid ah lix iyo tobanka gobol ee siyaasadeed: [[Gobolka Bono]], [[Gobolka Bono East]], iyo [[Gobolka Ahafo]] ee woqooyiga, Gobolka Bariga oo bari ah, Gobolka Dhexe oo koonfur ah, iyo Gobolka Galbeedka oo koonfur-galbeed ah. Gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa 43 degmo, mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxaa madax u ah Maamule Degmo.<ref name="Ashanti Region2"/> == Dhaqaalaha == {{Transcluded section|source=Economy of Ashanti}} Dhaqaalaha Gobolka Ashanti waa mid inta badan isku filan, waxaana u badan [[waaxda adeegga]], [[waaxda beeraha]], iyo [[khayraadka dabiiciga ah]]. Gobolku wuxuu kaloo caan ku yahay wax soo saarka [[manganese]], [[bauxite]] iyo alaabta beeraha sida [[kakaa|kakaa]] iyo [[yuun|yuun]], iyadoo gobolku leeyahay heerar canshuureed oo hooseeya iyo baahi yar oo loo qabo [[maalgashiga tooska ah ee shisheeye]].<ref name="econ">{{cite web |title=Kumasi Metropolis Economy |url=http://www.kma.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=atd&_=6&sa=580 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928011130/http://www.kma.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/?arrow=atd&_=6&sa=580 |archive-date=28 September 2015 |accessdate=1 August 2015 |work=[[Golaha Magaalada Kumasi]]}}</ref> == Dadka == [[Xarunta dadweynaha]] ee Gobolka Ashanti waxay ku taallaa [[Degmada Magaalada Kumasi]]. Sida laga soo xigtay [[tirakoobka]] 2000, gobolku wuxuu lahaa dad gaaraya 3,612,950, taas oo ka dhigaysa gobolka ugu dadka badan Ghana; cufnaantiisu (148.1 halkii km²) waa mid ka hooseysa tan [[Gobolka Dhexe, Ghana|Gobolka Dhexe]] (162.2/km²). Inta badan dadka Gobolka Ashanti waxay ka soo jeedaan qowmiyadda Akan waxaana ka kooban [[sharciga dhalashada Ghana|muwaadiniin]] dhalasho ahaan (94.2%), halka 5% ay yihiin dad u dhashay Ghana. Qayb yar (5.8%) oo ka mid ah dadweynaha ayaa ka soo jeeda meel ka baxsan Ashanti, Akanland, ama Ghana; 3.7% dadka Ashanti waxay ka yimaadeen mid ka mid ah shanta waddan ee ku hadla Ingiriisiga ee [[ECOWAS]] iyo 2.1% waxay ka yimaadeen dalal kale oo Afrika ah. Dadka aan Afrikaanka ahayn ee ku nool gobolka waa 1.8% wadarta guud ee dadweynaha. [[Dadka Akan|Akans]] waa qowmiyadda ugu badan gobolka, iyagoo matalaya 94.2% muwaadiniinta dhalasho ahaan. Qaybta ugu badan (82.9%) ee dadka Akan waa [[dadka Ashanti|Ashanti]].<ref name="Ashanti Region2"/> == Gaadiidka == [[Shabakadda Waddada Ghana|N6]] waxay ku xiran tahay [[Kumasi]], Nsawam, N4, iyo Accra iyada oo loo marayo [[Kwame Nkrumah Interchange|Kwame Nkrumah Circle]]. Ashanti waxay sidoo kale ku xiran tahay [[Gobolka Dhexe, Ghana|Gobolka Dhexe]] iyadoo loo marayo N8 iyo N10, kuwaas oo labaduba ka yimaada Yamoransa ee Gobolka Dhexe. N10 waxay sidoo kale ku xiran tahay Kumasi.<ref name="Ashanti Region2"/> == Waxbarashada == [[File:Ass Hall.jpg|thumb|Dugsiga Sare ee Anglican, Kumasi]] === Dugsiyada sare === {{main|Liiska dugsiyada sare ee Gobolka Ashanti}} === Waxbarashada sare === Gobolka Ashanti wuxuu leeyahay saddex jaamacadood oo dadweyne. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxaa jira jaamacado iyo kulliyado gaar loo leeyahay, kuwaas oo ku baahsan gobolka oo dhan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CoE Network - T-TEL|url=http://www.t-tel.org/coes-network|access-date=16 August 2024|website=t-tel.org}}</ref> [[File:Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) – Side view of the College of Architecture and Planning.JPG|thumb|Jaamacadda Sayniska iyo Teknolojiyadda ee Kwame Nkrumah]] == Caafimaadka == {{further|Liiska isbitaallada ee Gobolka Ashanti}} [[File:Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.jpg|thumb|Isbitaalka Waxbarashada ee Komfo Anokye]] Caafimaadka gobolka waxaa maamula Agaasinka Caafimaadka Gobolka Ashanti (RHD), kaas oo uu madax u yahay Dr. Emmanuel Tinkorang. Hay'adda hoosteeda waxaa jira 43 agaasimayaal caafimaad oo degmo oo yaryar oo ay maamulaan degmadooda.<ref name="health">{{cite web|url=https://ghs.gov.gh/ashanti/|title=Gobolka Ashanti|publisher=Adeegga Caafimaadka Ghana|access-date=16 August 2024}}</ref>{{rp|at=para 1,2}} Waxaa jira ilaa 1,654 xarumood oo caafimaad gobolka, badidoodna waxay ka kooban yihiin xarumaha CHPS{{efn|Isbitaallada CHPS waa farsamo qaran oo gacan ka geysata bixinta adeegyada caafimaadka ee lagama maarmaanka ah ee bulshooyinka aan haysan helitaan caafimaad oo habboon.<ref name="health2">{{cite web|url=https://www.moh.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/CHPS-policy-final-working-draft-for-validation.pdf|title=Siyaasadda Qorsheynta iyo Adeegyada Caafimaadka Bulshada ee Qaranka (CHPS)|date=2014|publisher=Wasaaradda Caafimaadka|page=13|access-date=16 August 2024|quote="...CHPS waa hab qaran oo lagu bixiyo adeegyada caafimaadka bulshada ee lagama maarmaanka ah oo ay ku jirto qorsheynta iyo bixinta adeegga bulshooyinka..."}}</ref>}} iyo xarumaha caafimaadka.<ref name="health"/>{{rp|at=para 3}} Kani waa liiska qaar ka mid ah isbitaallada Gobolka Ashanti:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/health/hospitals.php|title=Isbitaallada Ghana|website=Ghanaweb|access-date=16 August 2024}}</ref> * Isbitaalka Manhyia * Isbitaalka SDA Kwadaso * [[Isbitaalka Waxbarashada ee Komfo Anokye]] * Isbitaalka Jaamacadda Sayniska iyo Teknolojiyadda ee Kwame Nkrumah * Isbitaalka Kumasi South * Isbitaalka First Care * Isbitaalka Dawladda ee Tafo * Isbitaalka Dawladda ee Suntreso * [[Isbitaalka West End, Kumasi]] == Qaybaha maamulka == Gobolka Ashanti waxaa maamula dawlad hoose. Nidaamka maamulkiisa, gobolka waxa loo qaybiyaa 43 MMDAs (oo ka kooban hal magaalo, 18 degmo maamul iyo 24 gole caadi ah). Degmo, degmo maamul, ama magaalo kasta waxaa maamula maamule sare iyo xubin baarlamaan oo matalaya dawladda dhexe, oo awood ka helaya gole uu madax u yahay xubin guddoomiye ah oo ay doorteen xubnaha kale ee golaha. Kadib, MMDAs waxaa laga kordhiyay 10 ilaa 18 sanadkii 1988; 18 ilaa 21 sanadkii 2004; 21 ilaa 27 sanadkii 2008; 27 ilaa 30 sanadkii 2012; iyo 30 ilaa 43 sanadkii 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gobolka Ashanti|url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Region/1|website=GhanaDistricts|access-date=29 December 2017}}</ref> Liiska hadda ee xubnaha baarlamaanka waa sida soo socota: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible autocollapse" !Khariidadda dhammaan degmooyinka Gobolka Ashanti |- |[[File:Districts of the Ashanti Region (2012).svg|center|600px]] |} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Qaybaha maamulka ee Gobolka Ashanti !class="sortable"|Degmo !Caasimad !Degmo doorasho !Xubin Baarlamaan !Xisbi |- |[[Degmada Adansi Asokwa|Adansi Asokwa]] |[[Adansi Asokwa]] |[[Adansi-Asokwa (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Adansi-Asokwa]] |[[Kobina Tahir Hammond]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Adansi Woqooyi|Adansi Woqooyi]] |[[Fomena]] |[[Fomena (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Fomena]] |[[Andrew Asiamah Amoako]] <small>(guddoomiye ku xigeenka labaad)</small> |{{abbr|IND|madax-bannaan}} |- |[[Degmada Adansi Koonfur|Adansi Koonfur]] |[[New Edubiase]] |[[New Edubease (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|New Edubease]] |[[Adams Abdul-Sakam|Adams Abdul Salam]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of the National Democratic Congress (Ghana).svg|size=25px}} [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|NDC]]}} |- |[[Degmada Afigya Kwabre Woqooyi|Afigya Kwabre Woqooyi]] |[[Boamang]] |[[Afigya Kwabre Woqooyi (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Afigya Kwabre Woqooyi]] |[[Collins Adomako-Mensah]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Afigya-Kwabre|Afigya Kwabre Koonfur]] |[[Kodie, Ghana|Kodie]] |[[Afigya Kwabre Koonfur (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Afigya Kwabre Koonfur]] |[[William Owuraku Aidoo]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Degmada Ahafo Ano Woqooyi|Ahafo Ano Woqooyi Maamulka]] |[[Tepa, Ghana|Tepa]] |[[Ahafo Ano Woqooyi (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Ahafo Ano Woqooyi]] |[[Suleman Adamu Sanid]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Ahafo Ano Koonfur Bari|Ahafo Ano Koonfur Bari]] |[[Dwinyame / Adugyama]] |[[Ahafo Ano Koonfur Bari (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Ahafo Ano Koonfur Bari]] |[[Francis Manu-Adabor|Francis Manu-Adoabor]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Ahafo Ano Koonfur|Ahafo Ano Koonfur Galbeed]] |[[Mankranso]] |[[Ahafo Ano Koonfur Galbeed (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Ahafo Ano Koonfur Galbeed]] |[[Johnson Kwaku Adu|Kwaku Adu Johnson]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Akrofuom|Akrofuom]] |[[Akrofuom]] |[[Akrofuom (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Akrofuom]] |[[Alex Blankson]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Amansie Dhexe|Amansie Dhexe]] |[[Jacobu]] |[[Odotobri (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Odotobri]] |[[Emmanuel Akwasi Gyamfi]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Amansie Galbeed|Amansie Galbeed]] |[[Manso Nkwanta]] |[[Manso Nkwanta (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Manso Nkwanta]] |[[George Takyi|George Kwabena Obeng Takyi]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Amansie Koonfur|Amansie Koonfur]] |[[Manso Adubia]] |[[Manso Edubia (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Manso Edubia]] |[[Frimpong Yaw Addo]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Asante Akim Dhexe Maamulka|Asante Akim Dhexe Maamulka]] |[[Konongo, Ghana|Konongo]] |[[Asante-Akim Dhexe (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Asante Akim Dhexe]] |[[Kwame Anyimadu-Antwi|Kwame Anyimadu - Antwi]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Asante Akim Woqooyi|Asante Akim Woqooyi]] |[[Agogo, Ghana|Agogo]] |[[Asante-Akim Woqooyi (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Asante Akim Woqooyi]] |[[Andy Kwame Appiah-Kubi]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Asante Akim Koonfur Maamulka|Asante Akim Koonfur Maamulka]] |[[Juaso]] |[[Asante-Akim Koonfur (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Asante Akim Koonfur]] |[[Kwaku Asante-Boateng]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Asokore Mampong (degmada maamulka)|Asokore Mampong]] |[[Asokore Mampong]] |[[Asawase (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Asawase]] |[[Muntaka Mohammed Mubarak]]<ref name="leadership2017-212">{{cite web|title=Leadership in Parliament|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?leadership|access-date=20 December 2020|website=www.parliament.gh}}</ref> <small>(guddoomiyaha mucaaradka)</small> |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of the National Democratic Congress (Ghana).svg|size=25px}} [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|NDC]]}} |- |[[Maamulka Asokwa]] |[[Asokwa]] |[[Asokwa (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Asokwa]] |[[Patricia Appiagyei]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Atwima Kwanwoma|Atwima Kwanwoma]] |[[Twedie]] |[[Atwima-Kwanwoma (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Atwima-Kwanwoma]] |[[Kofi Amankwa-Manu]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Atwima Mponua|Atwima Mponua]] |[[Nyinahin]] |[[Atwima-Mponua (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Atwima Mponua]] |[[Isaac Kwame Asiamah]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Atwima Nwabiagya Maamulka|Atwima Nwabiagya Maamulka]] |[[Nkawie]] |[[Atwima-Nwabiagya Koonfur (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Atwima-Nwabiagya Koonfur]] |[[Benito Owusu Bio]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Atwima Nwabiagya Woqooyi|Atwima Nwabiagya Woqooyi]] |[[Barekese]] |[[Atwima-Nwabiagya Woqooyi (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Atwima-Nwabiagya Woqooyi]] |[[Emmanuel Adjei Anhwere]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Bekwai Municipal Assembly|Bekwai Maamulka]] |[[Bekwai]] |[[Bekwai (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Bekwai]] |[[Joseph Osei Owusu|Joseph Osei-Owusu]] <small> (guddoomiye ku xigeenka koowaad) </small> |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Bosome Freho|Bosome Freho]] |[[Asiwa]] |[[Bosome-Freho (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Bosome-Freho]] |[[Akwasi Darko Boateng]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Bosomtwe|Bosomtwe]] |[[Kuntanse]] |[[Bosomtwe (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Bosomtwe]] |[[Yaw Osei Adutwum]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Ejisu-Juaben Maamulka|Ejisu Maamulka]] |[[Ejisu]] |[[Ejisu (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Ejisu]] |[[John Kumah|John Ampotuah Kumah]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Ejura/Sekyedumase|Ejura Sekyedumase Maamulka]] |[[Ejura]] |[[Ejura-Sekyedumase (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Ejura-Sekyedumase]] |[[Muhammad Bawah Braimah]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of the National Democratic Congress (Ghana).svg|size=25px}} [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|NDC]]}} |- |[[Degmada Juaben Maamulka|Juaben Maamulka]] |[[Juaben]] |[[Juaben (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Juaben]] |[[Ama Pomaa Boateng]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- | rowspan="5" |{{Flagicon image|Flag of Kumasi.png}} [[Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly|Kumasi Metropolitan]] (KMA) | rowspan="5" |[[Kumasi]] |[[Bantama (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Bantama]] |[[Francis Asenso-Boakye|Francis Asenso -Boakye]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Manhyia Woqooyi]] |[[Akwasi Konadu]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Manhyia Koonfur]] |[[Matthew Opoku Prempeh]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Nhyiaeso (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Nhyiaeso]] |[[Stephen Amoah]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Subin (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Subin]] |[[Eugene Boakye Antwi]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Kwabre Bari|Kwabre Bari Maamulka]] |[[Mamponteng]] |[[Kwabre Bari (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Kwabre Bari]] |[[Francisca Oteng-Mensah|Francisca Oteng Mensah]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Kwadaso Maamulka|Kwadaso Maamulka]] |[[Kwadaso]] |[[Kwadaso (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Kwadaso]] |[[Kingsley Nyarko]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Mampong Maamulka|Mampong Maamulka]] |[[Mampong]] |[[Mampong (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Mampong]] |[[Kwaku Ampratwum-Sarpong]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Obuasi Bari|Obuasi Bari Maamulka]] |[[Tutuka]] |[[Obuasi Bari (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Obuasi Bari]] |[[Patrick Boakye-Yiadom]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Obuasi Maamulka|Obuasi Maamulka]] |[[Obuasi]] |[[Obuasi Koonfur-galbeed (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Obuasi Koonfur-galbeed]] |[[Kwaku Kwarteng|Kwaku Agyemang Kwarteng]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Offinso Maamulka|Offinso Maamulka]] |[[Offinso]] |[[Offinso Koonfur (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Offinso Koonfur]] |[[Augustine Collins Ntim]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Offinso Woqooyi|Offinso Woqooyi]] |[[Akomadan]] |[[Offinso Woqooyi (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Offinso Woqooyi]] |[[Isaac Yaw Opoku]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Oforikrom (degmada maamulka)|Oforikrom Maamulka]] |[[Oforikrom]] |[[Oforikrom (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Oforikrom]] |[[Emmanuel Marfo]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Old Tafo (degmada maamulka)|Old Tafo Maamulka]] |[[Old Tafo]] |[[Old Tafo (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Old Tafo]] |[[Vincent Ekow Assafuah]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Sekyere Afram Plains|Sekyere Afram Plains]] |[[Drobonso]] |[[Sekyere Afram Plains (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Sekyere Afram Plains]] |[[Alex Adomako-Mensah]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of the National Democratic Congress (Ghana).svg|size=25px}} [[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|NDC]]}} |- |[[Degmada Sekyere Dhexe|Sekyere Dhexe]] |[[Nsuta]] |[[Nsuta-Kwamang-Beposo (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Nsuta-Kwamang-Beposo]] |[[Adelaide Ntim]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Sekyere Bari|Sekyere Bari]] |[[Effiduase]] |[[Afigya Sekyere Bari (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Afigya Sekyere Bari]] |[[Mavis Nkansah Boadu]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Sekyere Kumawu|Sekyere Kumawu]] |[[Kumawu]] |[[Kumawu (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Kumawu]] |[[Philip Basoah]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Degmada Sekyere Koonfur|Sekyere Koonfur]] |[[Agona]] |[[Effiduase-Asokore (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Effiduase-Asokore]] |[[Nana Ayew Afriye|Nana Ayew Afriyie]] |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |- |[[Suame (degmada maamulka)|Suame Maamulka]] |[[Suame, Ghana|Suame]] |[[Suame (Degmada doorashada baarlamaanka Ghana)|Suame]] |[[Osei Kyei Mensah Bonsu]] <small>([[hogaamiyaha aqlabiyadda]])</small><ref name="leadership2017-212"/> |{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|NewPatrioticParty logo.svg|size=25px}} [[Xisbiga Waddaniga Cusub|NPP]]}} |} == Qoraalo == {{notelist}} == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Ashanti|volume=2|last=Cana|first=Frank Richardson|pages=724&ndash;729}} 5pwvz17bcxhe37i7sd7v75x1u3s8t1v 0 49160 302170 2026-07-13T10:35:00Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Bono | native_name = | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]] | image_skyline = Bui Bayou.jpg | image_caption = Bui Bayou oo u dhow xadka [[Gobolka Savannah]] | image_flag = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Location of Bono in Ghana.png | map_alt = | map_caption = Goobta Bono ee Ghana | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | coordinates = {{coord|7|39|N|2|30|W|display=title|region:GH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Ghana]] | established_date = 27 Diseembar 2018 | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Sunyani]] | map_caption1 = | population_footnotes = Tirakoob <ref>Adeegga Tirakoobka Ghana</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_as_of = 2021 | parts_type = Degmooyin | parts = 12 | mapsize = 150px | demographics_type2 = [[GDP (Nominal)|GDP (Nominal)]] | leader_title = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]] | leader_name = [[Joseph Addae Akwaboah]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/news/president-akufo-addo-swears-in-ministers-of-bono-and-oti-region/2019/ |title=President Akufo-Addo swears in Ministers of Bono and Oti region &#124; GBC Ghana Online |access-date=31 January 2020}}</ref> | demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]] | timezone1 = [[GMT]] | area_total_km2 = 11,113 | official_name = | population_total = 1,208,649 }} '''Gobolka Bono''' waa mid ka mid ah 16-ka [[gobolada Ghana]] ee maamul. Wuxuu ka dhashay intii hadhay ee [[Gobolka Brong-Ahafo]] markii la abuuray [[Gobolka Bono East]] iyo [[Gobolka Ahafo]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Brong Ahafo to be known as Bono Region |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2019/February-15th/brong-ahafo-to-be-known-as-bono-region.php |access-date=17 February 2019 |website=MyJoyonline}}</ref> [[Sunyani]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan magaalada cagaaran ee Ghana, waa caasimadda gobolka.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-18|title=Sunyani: 14-year-old final year JHS student found dead in suspected suicide|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/05/sunyani-14-year-old-final-year-jhs-student-found-dead-in-suspected-suicide/|access-date=2021-05-18|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Boakye|first=Edna Agnes|date=2021-05-19|title=Let's wait for police investigation into death of 14-year-old final year student – School|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/05/lets-wait-for-police-investigation-into-death-of-14-year-old-final-year-student-school/|access-date=2021-05-19|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> Sunyani waxay ku faani kartaa inay tahay caasimadda ugu nadiifsan iyo meel weyn oo lagu qabto shirarka.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-28 |title=Sunyani remains the cleanest city in Ghana despite the challenges – Environmental Health Officer - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/sunyani-remains-the-cleanest-city-in-ghana-despite-the-challenges-environmental-health-officer/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Abuuritaanka gobolka == Gobolka waxaa la abuuray ka dib markii gobolka Ahafo iyo gobolka Bono East mid kasta laga gooyay gobolkii hore ee Brong-Ahafo. Tani waxay ahayd fulinta ballanqaad uu sameeyay musharax [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Akuffo Addo]] intii lagu jiray ololihiisii 2016. Hirgelinta qorshayaasha abuurista gobolkan waxaa loo xilsaaray [[Wasaaradda Dib-u-habaynta Gobolka iyo Horumarinta]] ee dhawaan la abuuray oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Daniel Kweku Botwe|Hon. Dan Botwe]]. Gobolka Brong Ahafo wuxuu si wax ku ool ah u joojiyay inuu jiro, sidaas oo kale Golaha Isku-duwidda Gobolka Brong Ahafo (BARCC). Sidaas awgeed, iyadoo la raacayo ruuxda Qodobka 255 ee dastuurka 1992 iyo Qodobka 186 ee Sharciga Maamulka Deegaanka, 2016 (Sharciga 936 sida wax looga beddelay), Golaha Isku-duwidda Gobolka Bono (BRCC) waa xubin cusub oo sidaas darteed beddelaya BARCC. Sababtan awgeed, waxay noqotay lagama maarmaan in la daahfuro BRCC si ay awood ugu yeelato inay guto shaqadeeda si waafaqsan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201907290566.html|title=Ghana: Bono Regional Coordinating Council Inaugurated in Sunyani|last=Ayibani|first=Imoro Tebra|date=29 July 2019|website=allAfrica.com|access-date=31 January 2020}}</ref> == Qaybaha maamulka == Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolku wuxuu maraa nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul hoose, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa 12 MMDA's (oo ka kooban 0 Magaalo, 5 Degmo Maamul iyo 7 Goleyaal Caadi ah).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/ghanaplacenames/database|title=The Database – GhanaPlaceNames|access-date=31 January 2020}}</ref> Degmo kasta, Maamul Degmo ama Magaalo, waxaa maamula Maamule Sare, oo matalaya dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya Gole uu madax u yahay xubin guddoomiye ah oo laga soo doortay xubnaha dhexdooda. Liiska hadda waa sida soo socota: [[File:Bono-Region.png|thumb|Khariidadda Degmooyinka Gobolka Bono]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Degmooyinka Gobolka Bono<ref>[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/ghana.aspx Gobolka Brong-Ahafo]. Geohive.</ref> |- ! # ! Magaca MMDA ! Caasimad ! Nooca MMDA !Xubin Baarlamaan !Xisbi |- ! 1 | [[Degmada Banda, Ghana|Banda]] | [[Banda Ahenkro]] | Caadi |[[Ahmed Ibrahim (Ghanaian politician)|Ahmed Ibrahim]] |NDC |- ! 2 | [[Degmada Berekum East Municipal|Berekum East]] | [[Berekum]] | Maamul |[[Nelson Kyeremeh]] |NPP |- ! 3 | [[Degmada Berekum West|Berekum West]] | [[Jinijini]] | Caadi |[[Kwaku Agyenim Boateng|Kwaku Agyenim-Boateng]] |NPP |- ! 4 | [[Degmada Dormaa Central Municipal|Dormaa Central]] | [[Dormaa Ahenkro|Dormaa-Ahenkro]] | Maamul |[[Kwaku Agyemang-Manu|Kwaku Agyeman-Manu]] |NPP |- ! 5 | [[Degmada Dormaa East|Dormaa East]] | [[Wamfie]] | Caadi |[[Paul Apreku Twum Barimah]] |NPP |- ! 6 | [[Degmada Dormaa West|Dormaa West]] | [[Nkrankwanta]] | Caadi |[[Vincent Oppong Asamoah]] |NDC |- ! 7 | [[Degmada Jaman North|Jaman North]] | [[Sampa, Ghana|Sampa]] | Caadi |[[Frederick Yaw Ahenkwah]] |NDC |- ! 8 | [[Degmada Jaman South Municipal|Jaman South]] | [[Japekrom, Ghana|New Drobo]] | Maamul |[[Williams Okofo-Dateh]] |NDC |- ! 9 | [[Degmada Sunyani Municipal|Sunyani]] | '''[[Sunyani]]''' | Maamul |[[Kwasi Ameyaw-Cheremeh|Kwasi Ameyaw Cheremeh]] |NPP |- ! 10 | [[Degmada Sunyani West|Sunyani West]] | [[Odumase, Ghana|Odumase]] | Caadi |[[Ignatius Baffour-Awuah|Ignatius Baffour Awuah]] |NPP |- ! 11 | [[Degmada Tain|Tain]] | [[Nsawkaw]] | Caadi |[[Adama Sulemana]] |NDC |- ! 12 | [[Degmada Wenchi Municipal|Wenchi]] | [[Wenchi]] | Maamul |[[Haruna Seidu]] |NDC |- |} == Dhirta iyo cimilada == [[Dusha sare]] ee aaggan waxaa inta badan lagu gartaa kor u kac hoose oo aan ka badnayn 152 mitir heerka badda. Waxay leedahay kayn qoyan oo kala badh ah oo caleen-bax ah, ciidduna aad bay u bacrin tahay. Gobolku wuxuu soo saaraa [[Dalag lacageed]] sida cashew, alwaax, iwm, iyo [[Dalag|dalagyo cunto]] sida galley, kasaafada, mooska, cocoyam, yaanyada, iyo qaar kale oo badan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghana.travel/places-to-visit/regions/brong-ahafo/|title=Brong Ahafo|last=WhiteOrange|website=Ghana Tourism Authority|access-date=31 January 2020}}</ref> == Goobta iyo bedka == Gobolka Bono wuxuu xuduud la wadaagaa woqooyi [[Gobolka Savannah]], dhanka galbeedna waxaa xuduud la leh [[Xadka Caalamiga ah|xadka caalamiga ah ee Ghana-Côte d'Ivoire]], dhanka barina [[Gobolka Bono East|Bono East]], dhanka koonfurna [[Gobolka Ahafo]]. Wuxuu leeyahay dad tiradoodu gaarayso 1,208,649 sida uu sheegay adeegga tirakoobka Ghana ee tirakoobka 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Statistical Services. |url=http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/regionalpopulation.php?population=MTMxOTU3MTAxOC44MjU=&&Bono&regid=2 |access-date=31 January 2020 |website=Statistics Ghana}}</ref> == Dalxiiska iyo jardiinooyinka == * [[Bui National Park]], oo ah 1,821 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran oo daboolaya qayb ka mid ah webiga [[Black Volta]], waxaa ku yaal noocyo dhowr ah oo [[antelope]] ah iyo noocyo kala duwan oo shimbiro ah. Waxaa kaloo loo yaqaannaa dadka hippopotamus-ka. Dalxiisuhu wuxuu ku safri karaa doon webiga Black Volta iyada oo loo marayo Beerta Qaranka. * [[Bui Dam]], oo ku taal salka buuraha Banda, waxaa loo dhisay in lagu hagaajiyo shuruudaha tamarta [[Ghana]].<ref name=":0" /> * Duasidan Monkey Sanctuary, oo ku taal 10 km koonfur-galbeed ee [[Dormaa Ahenkro]], waxay martigelisaa nooc dhif ah oo ka mid ah Mona Monkeys. Dalxiisaha waxaa soo dhaweynaya joogitaanka daanyeeradan markaad gasho hoygooda kaynta u eg. Geedaha bamboo waxay sameeyaan saqaf dhexda kaynta, taas oo u adeegta sidii meel nasasho oo loogu talagalay dadka soo booqda. Daanyeerada waxaa lagu arki karaa iyagoo kor iyo hoos ugu socda laamaha geedaha oo diiraya mooska looga tagay. Soo booqduhu wuxuu helayaa fursad uu ku arko sida daanyeeradu u qaadaan ilmahooda marka ay socdaan.<ref name=":0" /> == Waxbarashada == Gobolku wuxuu ku faanaa inuu yeesho hay'ado dadweyne sida: * [[Jaamacadda Tamarta iyo Khayraadka Dabiiciga ah]], * [[Jaamacadda Farsamada ee Sunyani]], * [[Dormaa Senior High School]], * [[Sunyani Senior High school]], * [[St. Vitus]], * [[Notre Dame Girls Senior High School]], * [[Sacred Heart Senior High School]], * [[Twene Amanfo Senior High Technical School]], * [[Odumanseman Senior High School]], * [[Bonoman Senior High School]], * [[Abesim Senior High School]] * [[Jaamacadda Katooliga]] ee [[Fiapre]], * [[Ideal College]], * [[Saint James Senior High Seminary]] ee [[Abesim]], * [[Miracle Preparatory Junior & High School]], * [[Sunyani Business High School]] iwm. == Diimaha == *[[Cibaadada Awowayaasha ee Bono|Cibaadada awowayaasha Bono iyo ruuxnimada]] iyo [[Masiixiyadda]] waa diinta ugu badan ee ku dhex taal domainkan.<ref name=":1">"WARBIXINTA GUDDIGA BAARISTA EE KU SAABSAN ABUURISTA GOBOLO CUSUB" oo loo soo bandhigay Mudane Madaxweynaha [[Ghana|Jamhuuriyadda Ghana]], [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo]] maalintii Talaadada, 26-kii Juun 2018.</ref> == Nolosha dhaqanka iyo bulshada == Waxaa jira dhowr dhaqan iyo dabbaaldegyo dhaqameed oo ka jira gobolkan. Qaar ka mid ah waa: * [[Dabbaaldegga Kwafie|Kwafie]] waxaa u dabbaaldega dadka [[Dormaa Ahenkro|Dormaa]], [[Berekum]] iyo [[Nsoatre]] bisha Noofambar, Diseembar ama Janaayo. * [[Dabbaaldegga Munufie|Munufie]] ee Drobo. Waxaa loo dabaaldegaa si loo nadiifiyo loona quudiyo saxarada iyo ilaahyada siday u kala horreeyaan. Waxaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay dab weyn oo ku yaal barxadda qasriga. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in dadka [[Dormaa Ahenkro]] ([[Aduana]]) ay dab u keeneen Ghana, sidaas darteed halyeeygan waxaa si calaamad ah loogu celiyay. * [[Dabbaaldegga Akwantukese|Akwantukese]] waxaa u dabbaaldega dadka [[Suma-Ahenkro|Suma]] bisha Maarso.<ref name=":0" /> * Dabbaaldegga Akyiriwia waxaa u dabbaaldega dadka Atomfourso ee u dhow [[Seikwa]] ee [[Degmada Tain]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-17 |title=Ban on noise making and funerals to mark start of Akyiriwia Festival in Bono Region |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ban-on-noise-making-and-funerals-to-mark-start-of-Akyiriwia-Festival-in-Bono-Region-1921837 |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> == Tixraac == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Authority control}} ep6zrlbcsl6p6kq3oojphp617s67alx 0 49161 302171 2026-07-13T10:38:29Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Bono East | native_name = | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]] | image_skyline = Tanoboase rock valley.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Tanoboase Rock Valley iyo kaynta barakaysan | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | etymology = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Bono East in Ghana 2018.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Gobolka Bono East ee Ghana | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | coordinates = {{coord|7|45|N|1|03|W|display=inline, title|region:GH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Ghana]] | established_date = 27 Diseembar 2018 | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Techiman]] | leader_name = [[Francis Owusu Antwi]] <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-be-part-of-bono-east-development-agenda.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=Be part of Bono East development agenda|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> | demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]] | area_total_km2 = 22,248 | timezone1 = [[GMT]] | leader_title = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]] | parts_style = para | population_total = 1,203,400 | population_footnotes = <ref>Adeegga Tirakoobka Ghana</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_as_of = 2021 tirakoob | p1 = 11 | parts_type = Degmooyin | official_name = | demographics_type2 = [[GDP (Nominal)|GDP (Nominal)]] }} '''Gobolka Bono East''' ee [[Ghana]] waa gobol cusub oo laga gooyay [[Gobolka Brong-Ahafo]]. Caasimadda gobolka cusub waa [[Techiman]].<ref>{{cite news |date=13 February 2019 |title=Confirmed: Techiman Is The Capital Of The Bono East Region |work=GhanaXtra |url=http://ghanaxtra.com/2019/02/confirmed-techiman-is-the-capital-of-bono-east-region.html |access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref> Abuuritaanka gobolkan cusub wuxuu ahaa fulinta ballanqaad ay sameeyay [[New Patriotic Party]] ka hor doorashadii guud ee Ghana ee 2016. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii, Madaxweynaha, [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Akuffo Addo]] wuxuu abuuray [[Wasaaradda Dib-u-habaynta Gobolka]] si ay u kormeerto dejinta siyaasadda iyo hirgelinta. Guud ahaan lix gobol oo cusub ayaa laga abuuray tobankii gobol ee hore ee Ghana. Gobolada kale waa [[Gobolka Ahafo]], [[Gobolka Western North]], [[Gobolka Savannah]], [[Gobolka North East]], iyo gobolada [[Gobolka Oti]].<ref>{{Cite web |title="Creation Of 6 New Regions in the Hands Of EC & Ghanaians" – President Akufo-Addo |url=http://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/703-creation-of-6-new-regions-in-the-hands-of-ec-ghanaians-president-akufo-addo |access-date=21 December 2018 |website=Presidency Of Ghana}}</ref> Fulinta qorshayaasha abuurista gobolada waxaa loo xilsaaray Wasaaradda Dib-u-habaynta Gobolka iyo Horumarinta<ref name="yyuiu">{{cite web |title=2nd Ministerial list out: Akufo-Addo creates new ministries, re-aligns old |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/January-11th/2nd-ministerial-list-out-akufo-addo-creates-new-ministries-re-aligns-old.php |access-date=22 June 2017 |publisher=MyJoyonline}}</ref> oo uu hoggaaminayo [[Dan Botwe|Hon. Dan Botwe]]. Wasaaradda [[Xukuumadda Ghana]] ayaa loo xilsaaray mas'uuliyadda kormeerida abuurista gobolada cusub ee Ghana.<ref name="yyuiu" /> Bishii Maarso 2017, wasaaraddu waxay u dirtay qorshaha abuurista gobolka iyo kuwo kale [[Golaha Gobolka (Ghana)|Golaha Gobolka]]. Goluhu wuxuu kulmay in ka badan 36 jeer laga soo bilaabo wakhtigii la soo gudbiyay ilaa Ogosto 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2017 |title=Council of State met 36 times on new Regions – Nana Otuo Siriboe II |work=GhanaCrusader – Latest News in Ghana and Beyond |url=https://www.ghanacrusader.com/council-of-state-met-36-times-on-creation-of-new-regions-nana-otuo-siriboe-ii/ |access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref> Marxaladdii ugu dambaysay ee abuurista gobolka waxaa lagu go'aamiyay [[afti]] ay qaadeen dadka ku nool gudaha gobolka cusub 27 Diseembar 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Creation Of New Region in Your Hands" – President Akufo-Addo To Nayiri – The Presidency, Republic of Ghana |url=http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/2017/10/06/creation-of-new-region-in-your-hands-president-akufo-addo-to-nayiri/ |access-date=12 December 2017 |website=Presidency Of Ghana}}</ref> == Taariikh == [[Afti]] la qabtay 27 Diseembar 2018<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2018 |title=Referendum: Massive YES votes for 6 new regions {{!}} General News 28 December 2018 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Referendum-Massive-YES-votes-for-6-new-regions-711692 |access-date=2 January 2019 |website=GhanaWeb.}}</ref> ayaa keentay in 450,812 ay dhiibtaan codadkooda oo matalaya 85.82 boqolkiiba 525,275 codbixiyayaasha diiwaangashan. 448,545 (99.50 boqolkiiba); waxay u codeeyeen abuurista gobolka cusub iyadoo 1,384 (0.31 boqolkiiba) ay diideen. Wadarta 883 (0.20 boqolkiiba) codad ayaa la diiday.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2018/12/29/all-six-proposed-regions-meet-constitutional-threshold-requirements-ec/|title=All six proposed regions meet constitutional threshold requirements – EC|date=29 December 2018|newspaper=Ghana Business News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/confirmed-results-of-the-2018-referendum-on-new-regions.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=CONFIRMED: Results of the 2018 Referendum on new regions|last=Zurek|first=Kweku|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2018 |title=Referendum: 6 new regions get massive 'YES' votes |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/referendum-6-new-regions-get-massive-yes-votes/6l8qds7 |access-date=2 January 2019 |website=Pulse Ghana}}</ref> == Juqraafiga iyo cimilada == === Goobta iyo bedka === Gobolka Bono East wuxuu xuduud la wadaagaa dhanka woqooyi [[Gobolka Savannah]], galbeedka [[Gobolka Bono]], koonfurta [[Gobolka Ashanti]] iyo bariga [[Harada Volta]]. === Cimilada === Gobolka Bono East wuxuu ka mid yahay suunka dhirta ee Ghana, halkaas oo xaaladda cimiladu ay had iyo jeer ku habboon tahay. Dhirtu waxay ka kooban tahay inta badan kayn iyo carro bacrin ah. Inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo Abriil waa [[xilliga qallalan]]. Mararka qaarkood [[xilliga roobka]] wuxuu u dhexeeyaa Luulyo iyo Noofambar iyadoo celceliska roobabka sanadlaha ah uu yahay 750 ilaa 1050 mm (30 ilaa 40 inji). Heerkulka ugu sarreeya waxaa la gaaraa dhamaadka xilliga qallalan, kan ugu hooseeya Diseembar iyo Janaayo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dabaysha kulul ee [[Harmattan]] ee ka timaada [[Saxaraha]] ayaa si joogto ah u dhacda inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo bilowga Febraayo taas oo ah mid qalalan oo kulul. Heerkulku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 14 °C (59 °F) habeenkii iyo 40 °C (104 °F) maalintii. == Dhirta iyo beeraha == Soosaarka yam-ku wuxuu aad ugu sarreeyaa aagga Savannah ee kaynta ah ee [[Techiman]], [[Yeji, Ghana|Yeji]], [[Nkoranza]], [[Kintampo, Ghana|Kintampo]], [[Kwame Danso]], [[Prang, Ghana|Prang]] iyo kuwa kale. Digirta, galleyda, kasaafada, cocoyam, bariiska, mooska iyo in ka badan ayaa laga soo saaraa gobolkan, sidoo kale waxaa jira hawlo kalluumeysi oo ka socda dhinaca gobolka ee Harada Volta. == Dalxiiska iyo jardiinooyinka == Goobo badan oo dalxiis ayaa laga heli karaa aaggan * [[Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary|Boabeng Fiema Monkey Sanctuary]] * Buoyem Caves iyo gumeysiga fiidmeerta, kaas oo ku yaal deegaanka [[Buoyem]] ee degmada Techiman ee kayn qallalan oo qallalan, wuxuu hoy u yahay gumeysi ballaaran oo fiidmeerta midhaha rosetta, godadka, dhagaxyada sandstone iyo biyo-dhacyada. * [[Biyo-dhaca Kintampo]] * Kintampo fuller falls <blockquote>Ganacsiga addoonta ee gobolka Bono East. Waxay ku taal Bono Manso oo ku taal waddada Techiman–Kintampo, Bono Manso waxay ahayd meeshii addoomada laga keenay woqooyiga lagu kala soocay. Kuwii ugu xoogga badnaa ee la qafaashay ayaa la doortay oo loo diray xeebta iyadoo kuwii daciifka ahaa looga tagay magaalada. Ilaa maanta, Afrikaanka Ameerikaanka iyo dadka kale ee Afrikaanka ah ee ku nool qurba-joogta ayaa booqda aagga si ay u bartaan asalkooda iyo taariikhdooda.</blockquote> * Kristo Boase Monastery waa hoyga bulsho yar oo ka kooban kow iyo toban wadaaddo Benedictine ah. Kaniisaddu waxay ku taal meel aad u qurux badan oo xiiso taariikhi ah taas oo sanad walba soo dhawaysa dadka soo booqda adduunka oo dhan. * [[Webiga Tano]] Kalluunka barakaysan wuxuu ku yaal Tanoso oo u dhow Techiman, wuxuu hoy u yahay barkad kalluun barakaysan oo ay si qoto dheer u ilaaliyaan bulshada. Dadka soo booqda waxay had iyo jeer arkaan kalluunka barakaysan, ee la sheego inay leeyihiin taaj dahab ah. * Nchiraa waterfalls, waxay u soo bandhigtaa dalxiisayaasha tacabur socod ah oo ku yaal waddo dhagax ah oo caqabad ku ah oo u horseedaysa biyo-dhaca. Jiritaanka goobo kale oo dalxiis oo dabiici ah iyo dhaqan oo ku yaal 10 km gacan-qabasho ayaa ka dhigaya xirmada safarka mid xiiso leh. Waxaa ka mid ah Wurobo Ancestral Cave oo ku taal qiyaastii 8 km u jirta degsiimada Nchiraa. Godka ayaa la rumeysan yahay inuu yahay meeshii asalka ahayd ee dadka Nchiraa * Forikrom Boten Caves iyo meelaha quduuska ah, waxay ku yaalliin qiyaastii siddeed kiiloomitir u jirta waddada [[Techiman]]–[[Nkoranza]], waa nooc gaar ah oo dhagaxyo waaweyn ah oo sameeya meel u eg meel quduus ah iyo godad. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in godka sixirka ee loo yaqaan godka ugu weyn uu ahaa magangalyo u ah haweenka iyo carruurta wakhtiyada dagaalka ee Bono. * [[Tanoboase Sacred Grove and Shrine]] waxay ku taal [[Degmada Degmada Techiman|degmada Techiman]]. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in kayntani ay tahay halkii ay ka bilaabatay ilbaxnimada Bono. Kayntu waxay u adeegtay sidii meel ay ku dhuuntaan [[dadka Bono]] intii lagu jiray ganacsiga addoonta iyo dagaalladii qabaa'ilka u dhexeeyay sannado badan ka hor. Waxa kale oo ay u adeegtaa meel lagu madadaalo iyo hawlo diini ah. * [[Beerta Qaranka ee Digya]] * Fuller falls, waxay si tartiib ah uga soo dhacaysaa bari iyada oo loo marayo taxane taxane ah oo ku teedsan webiga Oyoko ee Yabraso oo ku taal qiyaastii 7 km galbeedka magaalada [[Kintampo, Ghana|Kintampo]]. Waxay ku qulqulaysaa Black volta ee Dwire Kumbo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-29|title=Digya National Park: unpopular but oldest wildlife park in Ghana|url=https://ghanatalksbusiness.com/2019/06/digya-national-park-this-is-ghanas-oldest-wildlife-park/|access-date=2020-08-25|website=Ghana Talks Business|language=en-US}}</ref> == Dadka iyo nolosha dhaqanka == Gobolka Bono East wuxuu leeyahay dad aad u yar, dadka deggan badidooduna waxay ku hadlaan [[Lahjadda Bono]]. [[Cibaadada awowayaasha Bono|Cibaadada awowayaasha Bono iyo ruuxnimada]] iyo Masiixiyadda ayaa sameeya diimaha ugu badan ee gobolka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghana.travel/places-to-visit/regions/brong-ahafo/|title=Brong Ahafo|last=WhiteOrange|website=Ghana Tourism Authority|access-date=31 January 2020}}</ref><ref name=":1">"WARBIXINTA GUDDIGA BAARISTA EE KU SAABSAN ABUURISTA GOBOLO CUSUB" oo loo soo bandhigay Mudane Madaxweynaha [[Ghana|Jamhuuriyadda Ghana]] [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo]] maalintii Talaadada, 26-kii Juun 2018.</ref> === Dabbaaldegyada === * [[Dabbaaldegga Apoo]] * Dabbaaldegga Kurubi, dabbaaldeggaan waxaa u dabbaaldega dadka [[Kintampo, Ghana|Kintampo]] bisha Noofambar iyo inta badan si ay u midoobaan dhammaan farcanka [[Soninke Wangara|Wangara]] ee Ghana. Gabdhaha bikrada ah ayaa sida caadiga ah ku dheela stilts qayb xiiso leh oo ka mid ah dabbaaldegga. * [[Dabbaaldegga Nkyifie|Nkyifie]], dadka Prang waxay u dabbaaldegaan bisha Sebtembar iyo Oktoobar.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2017 |title=Hidden but alluring: Fuller Falls at Kintampo |url=https://jetsanza.com/hidden-alluring-fuller-falls-kintampo/ |access-date=18 April 2020 |website=Jetsanza.}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> * Dabbaaldegga Fokuo,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghanaweb |title=Fokuo Festival |work=GhanaWeb |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/A-look-at-Ghana-s-biggest-festival-that-has-been-in-existence-for-over-500-years-1249000}}</ref> dabbaaldegga caanka ah ee ay u dabbaaldegaan dadka [[Nkoranza]](Sessiman). Dabbaaldeggaan wuxuu sharaf u yahay ilaaha loo yaqaan "Ntoa" oo inta badan loo yaqaan "Seesiman Ntoa", kaas oo door muhiim ah ka qaatay hoggaaminta dagaalladii taariikhiga ahaa ee dadka [[Nkoranza]] taas oo ka dhigaysa qayb lagama maarmaan u ah hidahooda iyo dhaqankooda. == Qaybaha maamulka == Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolku wuxuu maraa nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul hoose, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa 11 MMDA's (oo ka kooban 0 Magaalo, 4 Degmo Maamul iyo 7 Goleyaal Caadi ah).<ref>{{cite web |date=13 February 2019 |title=The 11 Districts of the Bono East Region |url=https://banewsgh.com/11-districts-bono-east-region/56569 |access-date=13 February 2019 |publisher=BaNews Ghana}}</ref> Degmo kasta, Maamul Degmo ama Magaalo, waxaa maamula Maamule Sare, oo matalaya dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya Gole uu madax u yahay xubin guddoomiye ah oo laga soo doortay xubnaha dhexdooda. Liiska hadda waa sida soo socota: [[File:Districts of the Bono East Region (2019).png|thumb|Khariidadda Degmooyinka Gobolka Bono East]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Degmooyinka Gobolka Bono East<ref>[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/ghana.aspx Gobolka Brong-Ahafo]. Geohive</ref> |- ! # ! Magaca MMDA ! Caasimad ! Nooca MMDA !Xubin Baarlamaan !Xisbi |- ! 1 | [[Degmada Atebubu-Amantin Municipal|Atebubu-Amanten]] | [[Atebubu]] | Maamul |[[Sanja Nanja]] |NDC |- ! 2 | [[Degmada Kintampo North Municipal|Kintampo North]] | [[Kintampo, Ghana|Kintampo]] | Maamul |[[Joseph Kwame Kuma]] |NDC |- ! 3 | [[Degmada Kintampo South|Kintampo South]] | [[Jema]] || Caadi |[[Alexander Gyan]] |NPP |- ! 4 | [[Degmada Nkoranza North|Nkoranza North]] | [[Busunya]] | Caadi |[[Joseph Kwasi Mensah]] |NDC |- ! 5 | [[Degmada Nkoranza South Municipal|Nkoranza South]] | [[Nkoranza]] | Maamul |[[Emmanuel Kwadwo Agyekum]] |NDC |- ! 6 | [[Degmada Pru East|Pru East]] | [[Yeji, Ghana|Yeji]] | Caadi |[[Kwabena Donkor]] |NDC |- ! 7 | [[Degmada Pru West|Pru West]] | [[Prang, Ghana|Prang]] | Caadi |[[Stephen Jawulah]] |NPP |- ! 8 | [[Degmada Sene East|Sene East]] | [[Kajaji Settlement Town|Kajaji]] | Caadi |[[Dominic Napare]] |NDC |- ! 9 | [[Degmada Sene West|Sene West]] | [[Kwame Danso]] | Caadi |[[Kwame Twumasi Ampofo]] |NDC |- ! 10 | [[Degmada Techiman Municipal|Techiman]] | '''[[Techiman]]''' | Maamul |[[Martin Kwaku Adjei-Mensah Korsah]] |NPP |- ! 11 | [[Degmada Techiman North|Techiman North]] | [[Tuobodom]] | Caadi |[[Elizabeth Ofosu-Agyare|Elizabeth Ofosu-Adjare]] |NDC |- |} == Tixraac == {{reflist}} jk4e3ecdyvnq4v6y6g47kw5v3jrw5ck 0 49162 302172 2026-07-13T10:42:21Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Dhexe | type = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]] | image_skyline = Beach Resort and Seaside Resort setting in Central region, Ghana.jpg | image_map = Ghana - Central.svg | mapsize = 150px | map_caption = Goobta Gobolka Dhexe ee Ghana | image_map1 = | map_caption1 = | image_flag = | flag_size = | flag_link = | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Ghana]] | leader_title = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]] | leader_name = [[Ekow Panyin Okyere Eduamoah]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers|title=Regional Ministers – Government of Ghana|website=ghana.gov.gh|access-date=2017-07-04}}</ref> | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Cape Coast]] | area_total_km2 = 9826 | area_footnotes = | area_rank = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka bedka|Kaalinta 8-aad]] | population_total = 2,859,821 | population_as_of = 2021 tirakoob | population_footnotes = | population_rank = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka dadka|Kaalinta 4-aad]] | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]] | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Sannad | demographics1_info1 = 2013 | demographics1_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics1_info2 = $5,150 | demographics_type2 = [[GDP (Nominal)|GDP (Nominal)]] | demographics2_title1 = Sannad | demographics2_info1 = 2013 | demographics2_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics2_info2 = $3,500 | blank_name_sec2 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2017)}} | blank_info_sec2 = 0.633<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br/>{{color|#fc0|medium}} · [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|5-aad]] | parts_type = Degmooyin | parts_style = para | p1 = 17 | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-CP]] | timezone = [[GMT]] | area_code = [[Lambarka telefoonka ee Ghana|033]] }} '''Gobolka Dhexe''' waa mid ka mid ah [[Gobolada Ghana|16 gobol oo maamul]] oo ka tirsan [[Ghana]]. Gobolada [[Gobolka Ashanti|Ashanti]] iyo Bariga ayaa ka xiga dhanka woqooyi, gobolka Galbeedka dhanka galbeed, gobolka [[Gobolka Greater Accra|Greater Accra]] dhanka bariga, iyo Gacanka Guinea dhanka koonfureed. Gobolka Dhexe wuxuu leeyahay dhaqaale ku salaysan [[macdanta warshadaha]] iyo [[dalxiiska]]. Gobolka Dhexe wuxuu leeyahay goobo dalxiis oo ay ku jiraan [[hidaha dhaqanka ee Ghana|qalcado, daarado]] iyo xeebo ku teedsan xeebaha gobolka. == Dhaqaalaha iyo dalxiiska == Gobolka Dhexe waa xarun waxbarasho. Dhaqaalihiisa waxaa u badan [[Adeeg (dhaqaale)|adeegyo]], waxaana ku xiga [[macdanta]] iyo [[kalluumaysiga]]. [[Cape Coast Castle]] iyo [[Elmina Castle]] waa [[Goobaha Dhaxalka Adduunka ee UNESCO]] oo caan ah, waxayna xasuusin u yihiin [[Taariikhda addoonsiga|ganacsiga addoonta]] ee Trans-Atlantic. Gobolka Dhexe waa xarun [[dalxiis]] oo ka tirsan Ghana, iyadoo ay jiraan [[Beerta Qaranka ee Kakum]] iyo horumarinta [[xeebaha]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Story Map Series|url=https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=3386911906db44db8ce72c5d925caec8|access-date=2021-07-20|website=www.arcgis.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sirakaya |first=Ercan |last2=Teye |first2=Victor |last3=Sönmez |first3=Sevil |date=2002-08-01 |title=Understanding Residents’ Support for Tourism Development in the Central Region of Ghana |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750204100109 |journal=Journal of Travel Research |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=57–67 |doi=10.1177/004728750204100109}}</ref> {{wide image|Elmina castle, Ghana 2014-05-07 08-34.jpg|1200px|[[Panorama]] ee [[Elmina Castle]] oo ay dhisteen [[Bortaqiis]] sanadkii 1482 sida São Jorge da Mina (Qalcadda ''St. George of the Mine''), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan si fudud ''Mina'' ama ''[[Factory (trading post)|Feitoria]] da Mina'') oo ku taal [[Elmina]], [[Ashantiland]] (oo hore loo oran jiray [[Gold Coast (region)|Gold Coast]]). Waxay ahayd xaruntii ganacsi ee ugu horreysay ee laga dhiso [[Gacanka Guinea]], sidaas darteed waa dhismihii ugu da'da weynaa ee Yurub ee jira ee ka hooseeya [[Saxaraha]]. Markii ugu horreysay oo loo aasaasay degsiimo ganacsi, qalcadda ayaa markii dambe noqotay mid ka mid ah meelaha ay maraan jidka [[Atlantic slave trade]]. [[Netherlands|Nederland]] ayaa qalcadda ka qabsatay Bortaqiiska 1637, waxayna la wareegtay dhammaan [[Portuguese Gold Coast]] 1642. Ganacsiga addoonta wuxuu sii socday dadka [[Nederland]] ilaa 1814. Dhaqan ahaan, Elmina Castle waa goob taariikhi ah, waxayna ahayd goob lagu duubo filimkii riwaayadda ahaa ee 1987 ee [[Werner Herzog]] ''[[Cobra Verde]]''. Qalcadda waxaa aqoonsaday [[UNESCO]] inay tahay [[Goob Dhaxal Adduun ah]].||none}} == Qaybaha maamulka == [[Image:Districts of the Central Region (2012).svg|thumb|right|500px|Degmooyinka Gobolka Dhexe]]Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolku wuxuu maraa nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul hoose, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa 22 MMDA's (oo ka kooban 1 Magaalo, 7 Degmo Maamul iyo 14 Goleyaal Degmo).<ref>{{cite web|title=Central Region|url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Region/3|website=GhanaDistricts|access-date=11 December 2017}}</ref> Degmo kasta, Maamul Degmo ama Magaalo, waxaa maamula Maamule Sare, oo matalaya dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya Gole uu madax u yahay xubin guddoomiye ah oo laga soo doortay xubnaha dhexdooda. Liisku waa sida soo socota: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Degmo !Caasimad !Deegaan Doorasho !Xubin Baarlamaan !Xisbi |- |[[Degmada Abura/Asebu/Kwamankese|Abura Asebu Kwamankese]] |[[Abura-Dunkwa]] |[[Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese (deegaan doorasho)|Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese]] |[[Elvis Morris Donkoh]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Agona East|Agona East]] |[[Nsaba]] |[[Agona East (deegaan doorasho)|Agona East]] |[[Queenstar Pokuah Sawyerr|Queenstar Pokua Sawyerr]] |NDC |- |[[Degmada Agona West Municipal|Agona West Municipal]] |[[Agona Swedru]] |[[Agona West (deegaan doorasho)|Agona West]] |[[Ernestina Ofori Dangbey]] |NDC |- |[[Degmada Ajumako/Enyan/Essiam|Ajumako Enyan Essiam]] |[[Ajumako]] |[[Ajumako-Enyan-Essiam (deegaan doorasho)|Ajumako-Enyan-Essiam]] |[[Cassiel Ato Forson|Cassiel Ato Baah Forson]] |NDC |- |[[Degmada Asikuma/Odoben/Brakwa|Asikuma Odoben Brakwa]] |[[Breman Asikuma]] |[[Asikuma-Odoben-Brakwa (deegaan doorasho)|Asikuma-Odoben-Brakwa]] |[[Alhassan Kobina Ghansah]] |NDC |- |[[Assin Central Municipal]] |[[Assin Foso]] |[[Assin Central (deegaan doorasho)|Assin Central]] |[[Kennedy Agyapong|Kennedy Ohene Agyapong]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Assin North|Assin North]] |[[Assin Bereku]] |[[Assin North (deegaan doorasho)|Assin North]] |[[James Gyakye Quayson]] |NDC |- |[[Degmada Assin South|Assin South]] |[[Nsuaem Kyekyewere]] |[[Assin South (deegaan doorasho)|Assin South]] |[[John Ntim Fordjour|John Ntim Fordjuor]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Awutu Senya East|Awutu Senya East Municipal]] |[[Kasoa]] |[[Awutu-Senya East (deegaan doorasho)|Awutu-Senya East]] |[[Mavis Hawa Koomson]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Awutu Senya West|Awutu Senya West]] |[[Awutu Breku]] |[[Awutu-Senya West (deegaan doorasho)|Awutu-Senya West]] |[[Gizella Tetteh Agbotui]] |NDC |- | rowspan="2" |[[Degmada Cape Coast Metropolitan|Cape Coast Metropolitan]] | rowspan="2" |[[Cape Coast]] |[[Cape Coast North (deegaan doorasho)|Cape Coast North]] |[[Kwamena Minta Nyarku]] |NDC |- |[[Cape Coast South (deegaan doorasho)|Cape Coast South]] |[[Kweku George Ricketts-Hagan]] |NDC |- |[[Degmada Effutu Municipal|Effutu Municipal]] |[[Winneba]] |[[Effutu (deegaan doorasho)|Effutu]] |[[Alexander Afenyo-Markin]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Ekumfi|Ekumfi]] |[[Apam]] |[[Ekumfi (deegaan doorasho)|Ekumfi]] |[[Abeiku Crentsil|Abeiku Crenstil]] |NDC |- |[[Degmada Gomoa East|Gomoa East]] |[[Potsin]] |[[Gomoa East (deegaan doorasho)|Gomoa East]] |[[Desmond De-graft Paitoo]] |NDC |- |[[Degmada Gomoa Central|Gomoa Central]] |[[Afransi]] |[[Gomoa Central (deegaan doorasho)|Gomoa Central]] |[[Naana Eyiah Quansah]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Gomoa West|Gomoa West]] |[[Esakyir]] |[[Gomoa West (deegaan doorasho)|Gomoa West]] |[[Richard Gyan Mensah]] |NDC |- |[[Degmada Komenda/Edina/Eguafo/Abirem Municipal|Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abirem Municipal]] |[[Elmina]] |[[Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abirem (deegaan doorasho)|Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abirem]] |[[Samuel Atta Mills]] |NDC |- |[[Degmada Mfantsiman Municipal|Mfantsiman Municipal]] |[[Saltpond]] |[[Mfantseman]] |[[Ophelia Hayford]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Twifo-Ati Morkwa|Twifo Atti Morkwa]] |[[Twifo Praso]] |[[Twifo-Atii Morkwaa (deegaan doorasho)|Twifo-Atii Morkwaa]] |[[T.D. David Vondee]] |NDC |- |[[Degmada Twifo/Heman/Lower Denkyira|Twifo/Heman/Lower Denkyira]] |[[Hemang]] |[[Hemang Lower Denkyira (deegaan doorasho)|Hemang Lower Denkyira]] |[[Bright Wireko-Brobby|Bright Wireko Brobbey]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Upper Denkyira East Municipal|Upper Denkyira East Municipal]] |[[Dunkwa-on-Offin]] |[[Upper Denkyira East (deegaan doorasho)|Upper Denkyira East]] |[[Festus Awuah Kwofie]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Upper Denkyira West|Upper Denkyira West]] |[[Diaso]] |[[Upper Denkyira West (deegaan doorasho)|Upper Denkyira West]] |[[Daniel Ohene Darko]] |NDC |} == Tixraac == {{reflist}} itz89fqqiqt8178u911m00s9h7wlxux 0 49163 302173 2026-07-13T10:46:12Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Bariga | type = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]] | image_skyline = Umbrella Rock at Boti Falls.jpg | image_caption = Dalxiisayaal ku raaxaysanaya dhagaxa Umbrella Rock | image_map = File:Eastern in Ghana 2018.svg | mapsize = 250px | map_caption = Goobta Gobolka Bariga ee Ghana | image_map1 = | map_caption1 = | image_flag = | flag_size = | flag_link = | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Ghana]] | leader_title = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]] | leader_name = [[Rita Akosua Adjei Away]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers|title=Regional Ministers - Government of Ghana|website=ghana.gov.gh|access-date=2017-07-04}}</ref> | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Koforidua]] | area_total_km2 = 19,323 | area_footnotes = | area_rank = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka bedka|Kaalinta 6-aad]] | population_total = 2,925,653 | population_as_of = 2021 tirakoob | population_footnotes = | population_rank = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka dadka|Kaalinta 3-aad]] | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]] | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Sannad | demographics1_info1 = 2013 | demographics1_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics1_info2 = $5,150 | demographics_type2 = [[GDP (Nominal)|GDP (Nominal)]] | demographics2_title1 = Sannad | demographics2_info1 = 2013 | demographics2_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics2_info2 = $2,500 | blank_name_sec2 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2022)}} | blank_info_sec2 = 0.649<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br/>{{color|#FFA500|medium}} · [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|2-aad]] | parts_type = Degmooyin | parts_style = para | p1 = 26 | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-EP]] | timezone = [[GMT]] | area_code = [[Lambarka telefoonka ee Ghana|034]] }} '''Gobolka Bariga''' wuxuu ku yaallaa qaybta bari ee [[Ghana]] waana mid ka mid ah [[Gobolada Ghana|lix iyo tobanka gobol ee maamul ee Ghana]]. Gobolka Bariga waxaa dhanka bari ka xiga [[Harada Volta]], dhanka woqooyi waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Bono East]] iyo [[Gobolka Ashanti]], dhanka galbeed waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Ashanti]], dhanka koonfureed waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Dhexe (Ghana)|Gobolka Dhexe]] iyo [[Gobolka Greater Accra]]. [[Dadka Akan|Akanka]] waa dadka ugu badan ee deggan Gobolka Bariga, waxaana afafka ugu badan ee looga hadlo ka mid ah [[Af Akan|Akan]], [[Af Ewe|Ewe]], [[Dadka Krobo|Krobo]], [[Af Hausa|Hausa]] iyo [[Af Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]. Magaalada caasimadda ah ee Gobolka Bariga waa [[Koforidua]]. Gobolka Bariga waa halka uu ku yaallaa [[Akosombo Dam]], dhaqaalaha Gobolka Barigana waxaa u badan [[koronto dhalinta]] awoodda sare leh. Gobolka Bariga wuxuu daboolayaa bed dhan 19,323 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran, taas oo ah qiyaastii 8.1% guud ahaan [[dhulka]] Ghana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Eastern Region |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=4 |access-date=2009-11-20 |publisher=GhanaDistricts.}}</ref> == Mashruuca biyaha == Mashruuca Korontada ee Akosombo oo leh awood sare oo [[koronto dhalin]] ah ayaa ka kooban saddex [[Wabi-gacmeed|wabi-gacmeed]] oo waaweyn: [[Black Volta]]; [[White Volta]] iyo [[Red Volta]], mashruuca Korontada ee Akosombo wuxuu ku shubmaa [[Gacanka Guinea]] ee [[Badweynta Atlaantik]].<ref name=Fobil/> [[Akosombo Dam]] waxaa la dhammaystiray 1965-tii iyada oo qayb ka ah Mashruuca [[Volta River]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Volta River Project in Ghana, West Africa |url=https://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/volta.htm |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=www.sjsu.edu}}</ref> Biyo-xireenku wuxuu cabbirkoodu yahay 440 cag (134 mitir) oo ka sarreeya heerka dhulka. Awoodda weyn ee dhalinta korontadu waa 912 megawatt. Biyo-xireenku wuxuu gacan ka geystaa sahayda korontada ee magaalada muhiimka u ah dhaqaalaha ee loo yaqaan [[Tema]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akosombo Dam {{!}} dam, Ghana {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Akosombo-Dam |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref> {{wide image|Akosombo Dam, Akosombo Panorama.jpg|600px|[[Wide dynamic range]] ee [[Mashruuca Korontada ee Akosombo]]: [[biyo-xireenka korontada]] ee Harada Volta ee [[Akosombo]], Gobolka Bariga, Akosombo [[canyon]]. [[Dhismaha]] [[biyo-xireenka]] ee [[Volta Basin]] wuxuu horseeday in ka dib la abuuro Harada Volta.<ref name=Fobil/> [[Harada Volta]] waa harada ugu weyn ee ay dadku sameeyaan ee [[Dunida]] iyo [[harada macmalka ah]], iyada oo daboolaysa {{convert|8502|km2}}, taas oo ah 3.6% [[dhulka]] Ghana.<ref name=Fobil>{{Harvnb|Fobil|2003}}</ref>|70%|none}} == Waxbarashada == === Dugsiyada Sare === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * Abetifi Presbyterian Senior High School * Abetifi Technical School * Abetifi Vocational Institute * Abomosu STEM SHS * [[Abuakwa State College]] * [[Aburi Girls' Senior High School]] * Aburi Presby Senior High * Adeisu Presbyterian Senior High School * [[Adonten Senior High School]] * Adukrom Presbyterian Senior High Technical School * Akim Achiase Senior High School * Akim Swedru Senior High School * [[Akro Senior High Technical School]], Odumase Krobo * Akwamuman Senior High School * Akwatia Technical Institute * Akosombo International School * Anum Presby Senior High School * Asafo Senior High School * Asamankese Senior High School * Asesewa Senior High School * Akuse Methodist Senior High School * Akro Senior High School * Apersua Community Senior High School * Asuom Senior High School * Begoro Presbyterian Senior High School * [[Benkum Senior High School]] * Boso Senior High Tech School * Donkorkrom Agric Senior High School * [[Ghana Senior High School, Koforidua]] * [[H'Mount Sinai Senior High School]] * Islamic girls Senior High School * [[Kade Senior High-Technical School]] * Kibi Secondary Technical Senior High School * Kibi Technical Institute * Klo Agogo Senior High School * [[Koforidua Senior High Technical School]] * [[Krobo Girls Senior High School]] * Kwabeng Anglican Senior High and Technical School * Legacy Girls' College, Akuse * Mangoase Senior High School * Manya Krobo Senior High School * [[Methodist Girls' High School (Mamfe)]] * Akuse Methodist Senior High Technical School * Mpraeso Senior High School * New Abirem Senior High School * New Juaben Senior High Commercial School * New Nsutam Senior High School * [[Nifa Senior High School]] * Nkawkaw Senior High School * Nkwatia Presby Senior High School * Nsawam Senior High school * [[Oda Senior High School]] * [[Ofori Panin Senior High School]] * [[Okuapeman Senior High School]] * Osino Senior High School * Oti Boateng Senior High School * [[Oyoko Methodist Senior High School]] * [[Presbyterian Senior High School, Akuapim-Mampong]] * [[Presbyterian Senior High Technical School, Adukrom]] * [[Pope John Senior High School and Minor Seminary]] * Saint Francis Senior High School * Saviour Senior High School * Sekyere SDA Senior High School * Somanya Senior High Technical School. * St Fidelis Senior High School * St Matins Senior High School * St Paul's Senior Secondary School * [[St. Peter's Boys Senior High School]] * [[St Roses Senior High (Akwatia)]] * St Stephens senior and technical * St Thomas Senior High Technical School, Asamankese * Suhum Presbyterian Senior High School * [[Suhum Secondary Technical School|Suhum Senior High and Technical School]] * W.B.M.Zion Senior High School, Old Tafo, * Yilo Krobo Senior High School {{div col end}} Gobolku wuxuu sidoo kale ku faanaa qaar ka mid ah dugsiyada aasaasiga ah ee tayada leh, mid ka mid ah waa Hecta School Complex, oo la aasaasay 1962, iyo kuwo kale. === Kulliyadaha === *[[Kibi Presbyterian College of Education]] *[[Presbyterian College of Education, Akropong]] *[[Presbyterian Women's College of Education]] *[[Mount Mary College of Education|Mount Mary College of Education, Somanya]] *[[Seventh Day Adventist (SDA) College of Education|Seventh Day Adventist College of Education, Asokore]] *[[Abetifi Presbyterian College of Education]] === Jaamacadaha === *[[Ashesi University]] *[[All Nations University]] *[[University College of Agriculture and Environmental Studies]] *[[Koforidua Technical University]] *[https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/okwahu-campus-abetifi/ Presbyterian University College (Abetifi Kwahu)] * Presbyterian University college ([[Akropong]]) * [[University of Environment and Sustainable Development]], [[Somanya]] == Degmooyinka == === Isbeddellada degmooyinka === Degmada Achiase waxaa laga gooyay [[Degmada Birim South]] waxaana la daahfuray 22 Febraayo 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Newly created Achiase district inaugurated |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Newly-created-Achiase-district-inaugurated-725396 |access-date=2020-01-11 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> [[Degmada Afram Plains]] tan iyo markaas waxaa loo kala qaybiyay laba waxaana loo magacaabay Degmada Kwahu Afram Plains North oo caasimaddeedu tahay Donkorkrom iyo Degmada Kwahu Afram Plains South oo caasimaddeeduna tahay Tease. [[Degmada Akuapim South]], [[Degmada East Akim]] iyo [[Degmada Kwahu West]] ayaa loo dalacsiiyay darajada degmooyinka iyadoo lagu daray [[Degmada Birim Central Municipal]], taas oo ah mid cusub gabi ahaanba. Degmooyinka kale ee cusub waxaa ka mid ah [[Degmada Akyemansa]] iyo [[Degmada Kwahu East]]. [[Degmada Manya Krobo]] waxaa loo kala qaybiyay [[Degmada Lower Manya Krobo]] iyo [[Degmada Upper Manya Krobo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2010 |title=Eastern Region |url=http://www.ghananation.com/Eastern/ |access-date=16 April 2024 |website=GhanaNation}}</ref> === Qaybaha maamulka === Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolku wuxuu maraa nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul hoose, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa 33 MMDAs, mid kasta waxaa hoggaamiya xubin guddoomiye ah oo laga soo doortay xubnaha dhexdooda. MMDAs waxaa laga kordhiyay 9 ilaa 15 sanadkii 1988, ka dibna 15 ilaa 17 sanadkii 2004, ka dibna 17 ilaa 21 sanadkii 2008, ka dibna 21 ilaa 26 sanadkii 2012, dhawaana 26 ilaa 33 sanadkii 2018. Liiska hadda waa sida soo socota: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Degmo !Caasimad !Deegaan Doorasho !Xubin Baarlamaan !Xisbi |- |[[Degmada Abuakwa North Municipal|Abuakwa North Municipal]] |[[Kukurantumi]] |[[Akim Abuakwa North (deegaan doorasho)|Abuakwa North]] |[[Gifty Twum Ampofo]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |[[Degmada Abuakwa South Municipal|Abuakwa South Municipal]] |[[Kibi, Ghana|Kibi]] |[[Akim Abuakwa South (deegaan doorasho)|Abuakwa South]] |[[Samuel Atta Akyea]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Achiase|Achiase]] |[[Achiase]] |[[Achiase (deegaan doorasho)|Achiase]] |[[Kofi Ahenkorah Marfo]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Akuapim North Municipal|Akuapim North Municipal]] |[[Akropong]] |[[Akropong (deegaan doorasho)|Akropong]] |[[Nana Ama Dokua Asiamah Adjei]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Akuapim South|Akuapim South]] |[[Aburi]] |[[Akwapim South (deegaan doorasho)|Akwapim South]] |[[Osei Bonsu Amoah]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Akyemansa|Akyemansa]] |[[Ofoase]] |[[Ofoase-Ayirebi (deegaan doorasho)|Ofoase-Ayirebi]] |[[Kojo Oppong Nkrumah|Kojo Oppong-Nkrumah]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Asene Manso Akroso|Asene Manso Akroso]] |[[Manso, Ghana|Manso]] |[[Asene Akroso-Manso (deegaan doorasho)|Asene Akroso Manso]] |[[George Kwame Aboagye]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Asuogyaman|Asuogyaman]] |[[Atimpoku]] |[[Asuogyaman (deegaan doorasho)|Asuogyaman]] |[[Thomas Nyarko Ampem]] |[[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|NDC]] |- |[[Degmada Atiwa East|Atiwa East]] |[[Anyinam]] |[[Atiwa East (deegaan doorasho)|Atiwa East]] |[[Abena Osei Asare]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Atiwa West|Atiwa West]] |[[Kwabeng]] |[[Atiwa West (deegaan doorasho)|Atiwa West]] |[[Kwesi Amoako Atta]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Ayensuano|Ayensuano]] |[[Coaltar]] |[[Ayensuano (deegaan doorasho)|Ayensuano]] |[[Teddy Safori Addi]] |NDC |- |[[Degmada Birim Central Municipal|Birim Central Municipal]] |[[Akim Oda]] |[[Akim Oda (deegaan doorasho)|Akim Oda]] |[[Alexander Akwasi Acquah]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Birim North|Birim North]] |[[New Abirem]] |[[Abirem (deegaan doorasho)|Abirem]] |[[John Frimpong Osei]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Birim South|Birim South]] |[[Akim Swedru]] |[[Akim Swedru (deegaan doorasho)|Akim Swedru]] |[[Kennedy Osei Nyarko]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Denkyembour|Denkyembour]] |[[Akwatia]] |[[Akwatia (deegaan doorasho)|Akwatia]] |[[Henry Yiadom Boakye]] |NDC |- |[[Degmada Fanteakwa North|Fanteakwa North]] |[[Begoro]] |[[Fanteakwa North (deegaan doorasho)|Fanteakwa North]] |[[Kwabena Amankwa Asiamah]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Fanteakwa South|Fanteakwa South]] |[[Osino]] |[[Fanteakwa South (deegaan doorasho)|Fanteakwa South]] |[[Kofi Okyere-Agyekum]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Kwaebibirem|Kwaebibirem Municipal]] |[[Kade, Ghana|Kade]] |[[Kade (deegaan doorasho)|Kade]] |[[Alexander Agyare]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Kwahu Afram Plains North|Kwahu Afram Plains North]] |[[Donkorkrom]] |[[Afram Plains North (deegaan doorasho)|Afram Plains North]] |[[Betty Crosby Mensah]] |NDC |- |[[Degmada Kwahu Afram Plains South|Kwahu Afram Plains South]] |[[Tease, Ghana]] |[[Afram Plains South (deegaan doorasho)|Afram Plains South]] |[[Joseph Appiah Boateng]] |NDC |- |[[Degmada Kwahu East|Kwahu East]] |[[Abetifi]] |[[Abetifi (deegaan doorasho)|Abetifi]] |[[Bryan Acheampong|Bryan Achemapong]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Kwahu South|Kwahu South]] |[[Mpraeso]] |[[Mpraeso (deegaan doorasho)|Mpraeso]] |[[Davis Ansah Opoku]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Kwahu West Municipal|Kwahu West Municipal]] |[[Nkawkaw]] |[[Nkawkaw (deegaan doorasho)|Nkawkaw]] |[[Joseph Frempong|Joseph Frimpong]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Lower Manya Krobo|Lower Manya Krobo Municipal]] |[[Krobo Odumase]] |[[Lower Manya (deegaan doorasho)|Lower Manya]] |[[Ebenezer Okletey Terlabi]] |NDC |- |[[Degmada New Juaben North Municipal|New Juaben North Municipal]] |[[Effiduase]] |[[New Juaben North (deegaan doorasho)|New Juaben North]] |[[Kwasi Boateng Adjei]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada New-Juaben Municipal|New Juaben South Municipal]] |[[Koforidua]] |[[New Juaben South (deegaan doorasho)|New Juaben South]] |[[Michael Okyere Baafi]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Nsawam Adoagyire|Nsawam Adoagyire Municipal]] |[[Nsawam]] |[[Nsawam Adoagyiri (deegaan doorasho)|Nsawam Adoagyiri]] |[[Frank Annoh Dompreh|Frank Annoh-Dompreh]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Okere|Okere]] |[[Adukrom]] |[[Okere (deegaan doorasho)|Okere]] |[[Dan Botwe|Daniel Botwe]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Suhum Municipal|Suhum Municipal]] |[[Suhum]] |[[Suhum (deegaan doorasho)|Suhum]] |[[Kwadjo Asante]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Upper Manya Krobo|Upper Manya Krobo]] |[[Asesewa]] |[[Upper Manya (deegaan doorasho)|Upper Manya]] |[[Bismark Tetteh Nyarko]] |NDC |- |[[Degmada Upper West Akim|Upper West Akim]] |[[Adeiso]] |[[Upper West Akim]] |[[Frederick Obeng Adom]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada West Akim Municipal|West Akim Municipal]] |[[Asamankese]] |[[Lower West Akim (deegaan doorasho)|Lower West Akim]] |[[Charles Acheampong]] |NPP |- |[[Degmada Yilo Krobo|Yilo Krobo Municipal]] |[[Somanya]] |[[Yilo Krobo (deegaan doorasho)|Yilo Krobo]] |[[Albert Tetteh Nyakotey]] |NDC |} [[Image:Districts of the Eastern Region (2012).svg|thumb|right|500px|Degmooyinka Gobolka Bariga]] == Dhaqanka == {{See also|Eastern Music Awards}} {{Expand section|date=July 2021}} == Goobaha Dalxiiska == [[File:Wiki_loves_earth_shia_hills_nipah_dennis_2019_003.jpg|thumb|297x297px|[[Shai Hills Resource Reserve]]]] * [[Aburi Botanical Gardens|Aburi Botanical Garden]] *[[Boti Waterfalls]] *[[Akosombo Dam]] *[[Shai Hills Resource Reserve]] *[[Umbrella Rock]] *[[Atewa Range Forest Reserve]] *[[Harada Volta]] *[[Geedka Weyn ee Oda]] *[[Tetteh Quarshie Cocoa Farm]] *[[Bead Factory]] *[[Dodi Island]] * [[Adomi Bridge]] * [[Akaa Waterfalls]] * [[Ghana Bike and Hike Tours]] * [[Kwahu Plateau|Kwahu plateau]] * [[Akwawa Mountain Peak]] == Muwaadiniin caan ah == {| class="wikitable" |+ Muwaadiniin caan ah oo ka soo jeeda Gobolka Bariga |- ! # ! Muwaadin ! Degsiimo |- ! 1 | [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] | [[Kibi, Ghana|Kibi]] |- ! 2 | [[Seth Terkper]] | [[Krobo Odumase]] |- ! 3 | [[George Boateng]] | [[Nkawkaw]] |- ! 4 | [[J. B. Danquah|Dr. J. B. Danquah]] | [[Kibi, Ghana|Kibi]] |- ! 5 | [[Samuel Wilberforce Awuku-Darko]] | [[Suhum, Ghana|Suhum]] |- ! 6 | [[Fred Akuffo|Frederick W. K. Akuffo]] | [[Akropong]] |- ! 7 | [[Thomas Partey|Thomas Teye Partey]] | [[Krobo Odumase]] |- !8 |[[Okyehemaa Nana Dokua Adutwumwaa]] |Kibi |- !9 |[[Osagyefuo Amoatia Ofori Panin]] |Kibi |- !10 |[[Ken Ofori-Atta]] |Kibi |- !11 |[[Samuel Atta Akyea]] |Kibi |- !12 |[[Hackman Owusu-Agyeman|Hackman Owusu Agyemang]] |Koforidua |} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} === Shaqooyinka la soo xigtay === * Fobil, J.N., D.K. Attaquayefio, iyo Volta Basin Research Project [VBRP]. 2003. ''Remediation of the environmental impacts of the Akosombo and Kpong dams''. HORIZON Solutions Site: Caafimaadka Dadweynaha. Jaamacadda Yale Waaxda Bayoolajiga: HORIZON International. rq4pylmd3e0kmlhnf2gi5xb9ngb0qy3 0 49164 302174 2026-07-13T10:49:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Greater Accra | type = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]] | image_skyline = The Aerial View of Accra, the capital town of Ghana.jpg | image_caption = Muuqaalka cirka ee Accra | image_map = Greater Accra in Ghana 2018.svg | mapsize = 250px | map_caption = Goobta Gobolka Greater Accra ee Ghana | image_map1 = | map_caption1 = | image_flag = Flag of Greater Accra Region.svg | flag_size = | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Ghana]] | leader_title = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]] | leader_name = [[Linda Obenewaa Akweley Ocloo]] | leader_title1 = Duqa Magaalada | leader_name1 = Mohammed Adjei Sowah | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Accra]] | area_total_km2 = 3245 | area_footnotes = <ref name="Greater Accra Population">{{cite web |url=http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=1 |title=Greater Accra Region |access-date=2015-05-19 |publisher=Ghanadistricts.com}}</ref> | area_rank = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka bedka|Kaalinta 10-aad]] | population_total = 5455692 | population_as_of = 2021 tirakoob | population_footnotes = <ref name="Greater Accra Population"/> | population_rank = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka dadka|Kaalinta 2-aad]] | population_density_km2 = auto | blank_name_sec2 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2021)}} | blank_info_sec2 = {{increase}} 0.707<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br/>{{color|#0c0|sare}} · [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|1-aad]] | demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]] | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Sannad | demographics1_info1 = 2013 | demographics1_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics1_info2 = $5,150 | demographics_type2 = [[GDP (Nominal)|GDP (Nominal)]] | demographics2_title1 = Sannad | demographics2_info1 = 2013 | demographics2_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics2_info2 = $2,500 | parts_type = Degmooyin | parts_style = para | p1 = 29 | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-AA]] | timezone = [[GMT]] | area_code = [[Lambarka telefoonka ee Ghana|030]] }} '''Gobolka Greater Accra''' wuxuu leeyahay bedka ugu yar [[Ghana]] ee [[Gobolada Ghana|16-ka gobol ee maamul]], isagoo ku fadhiya guud ahaan dhul dhan 3,245 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About GAR – Greater Accra Region |url=https://www.gtarcc.gov.gh/index.php/about-gar/ |access-date=2023-05-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Tani waa 1.4% guud ahaan bedka dhulka Ghana. Waa gobolka ugu dadka badan, iyadoo dadku gaarayaan 5,455,692 sanadkii 2021, taas oo ka dhigan 17.7% guud ahaan dadka Ghana.<ref name="Population & Housing Census 2010">{{cite web|title=Population & Housing Census 2010|url=http://statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/Census2010_Summary_report_of_final_results.pdf|website=Ghana Statistical Service|access-date=31 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Greater Accra - Government of Ghana |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/82-greater-accra |access-date=2019-05-19 |website=Government of Ghana}}</ref> Gobolka Greater Accra waa gobolka ugu magaaloobay dalka, iyadoo 87.4% dadkiisu ay ku nool yihiin xarumaha magaalooyinka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G02540.pdf |title=The Urban Transition in Ghana: Urbanization, National Development and Poverty Reduction |last=Songsore |first=Jacob}}</ref> Gobolka Greater Accra waxaa dhanka woqooyi ka xiga [[Gobolka Bariga (Ghana)|Gobolka Bariga]], dhanka bari waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Volta]], dhanka koonfureed waxaa ka xiga [[Gacanka Guinea]], dhanka galbeedna waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Dhexe (Ghana)|Gobolka Dhexe]]. Waxa uu ka kooban yahay 29 goobood oo maamul.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FACT-CHECK: Walewale MP’s claim that his constituency is bigger than Greater Accra Region is False - Ghana Fact |url=https://ghanafact.com/fact-check-walewale-mps-claim-that-his-constituency-is-bigger-than-greater-accra-region-is-false/ |access-date=2026-06-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> Sanadkii 1960, Greater Accra, oo markaas loo yaqaanay Accra Capital District, waxay dhanka juquraafi ahaan qayb ka ahayd [[Gobolka Bariga (Ghana)|Gobolka Bariga]]. Waxaa si gaar ah u maamuli jiray Wasiirka masuulka ka ah dawladda hoose. Iyadoo ka bilaabmaysa 23 Luulyo 1982, Greater Accra waxaa lagu abuuray Xeerka Gobolka Greater Accra (PNDCL 26) sidii gobol sharci ahaan u madax-bannaan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=1&sa=26|title=Greater Accra Region - Political Administration|access-date=29 September 2010}}</ref> == Maamulka == [[Image:Districts of the Greater Accra Region (2012).svg|thumb|right|500px|Degmooyinka Gobolka Greater Accra]] Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolku wuxuu maraa nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa 29 MMDA's (oo ka kooban 2 degmo oo magaalo madax ah, 23 degmo oo magaalooyin ah iyo 4 gole caadi ah).<ref name="Greater Accra Population" /> Degmo kasta, Magaalo ama Deegaan Magaalo iyo deegaan doorashada u dhigma, waxaa maamula Guddoomiye iyo Xubin Baarlamaan, oo matala dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya Gole uu hoggaamiyo guddoomiye laga soo dhex doortay xubnaha. MMDA's waxaa laga kordhiyay 3 ilaa 5 sanadkii 1988; ka dib 5 ilaa 6 sanadkii 2004; ka dib 6 ilaa 10 sanadkii 2008; ka dib 10 ilaa 16 sanadkii 2012; iyo dhawaan 16 ilaa 29 sanadkii 2018. Tirada deegaan doorashooyinka waxay korodhay/baahday 22 ilaa 27 sanadkii 2004 iyo 34 ka hor [[doorashadii guud ee Ghana ee 2012]]. Liisku waa sida soo socota: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Degmo !Caasimad !Deegaan Doorasho !Xubin Baarlamaan !Xisbi |- |[[Ablekuma Central Municipal District|Ablekuma Central Municipal]] |[[Lartebiokorshie]] |[[Ablekuma Central]] |[[Dan Abdul-latif]] |NDC |- |[[Ablekuma North Municipal District|Ablekuma North Municipal]] |[[Darkuman]] |[[Ablekuma North]] |[[Shiela Bartels|Sheila Bartels]] |NPP |- |[[Ablekuma West Municipal District|Ablekuma West Municipal]] |[[Dansoman]] |[[Ablekuma West]] |[[Ursula Owusu|Ursula G Owusu]] |NPP |- | rowspan="4" |[[Accra Metropolitan District|Accra Metropolitan]] | rowspan="4" |[[Accra]] |[[Ablekuma South]] |[[Alfred Oko Vanderpuije|Alfred Okoe Vanderpuije]] |NDC |- |[[Odododiodio]] |[[Edwin Nii Lante Vanderpuye]] |NDC |- |[[Okaikwei Central (Ghana parliament constituency)|Okaikwei Central]] |[[Patrick Yaw Boamah]] |NPP |- |[[Okaikwei South]] |[[Dakoa Newman]] |NPP |- |[[Ada East District|Ada East]] |[[Ada Foah]] |[[Ada (Ghana parliament constituency)|Ada]] |[[Comfort Doyoe Cudjoe-Ghansah]] |NDC |- |[[Ada West District|Ada West]] |[[Sege (town)|Sege]] |[[Sege (Ghana parliament constituency)|Sege]] |[[Christian Corleytey Otuteye]] |NDC |- |[[Adenta Municipal District|Adenta Municipal]] |[[Adenta]] |[[Adenta (Ghana parliament constituency)|Adenta]] |[[Mohammed Adamu Ramadan]] |NDC |- |[[Ashaiman Municipal]] |[[Ashaiman]] |[[Ashaiman (Ghana parliament constituency)|Ashaiman]] |[[Ernest Henry Norgbey]] |NDC |- |[[Ayawaso Central Municipal District|Ayawaso Central Municipal]] |[[Kokomlemle]] |[[Ayawaso Central]] |[[Henry Quartey]] |NPP |- |[[Ayawaso East Municipal District|Ayawaso East Municipal]] |[[Nima (town)|Nima]] |[[Ayawaso East]] |[[Naser Toure Mahama]] |NDC |- |[[Ayawaso North Municipal District|Ayawaso North Municipal]] |[[Accra New Town]] |[[Ayawaso North (Ghana parliament constituency)|Ayawaso North]] |[[Yussif Issaka Jajah]] |NDC |- |[[Ayawaso West Municipal District|Ayawaso West Municipal]] |[[Dzorwulu]] |[[Ayawaso West]] |[[Lydia Alhassan]] |NPP |- |[[Ga Central District|Ga Central Municipal]] |[[Sowutuom]] |[[Anyaa-Sowutuom (Ghana parliamentary constituency)|Anyaa-Sowutuom]] |[[Dickson Adomako Kissi]] |NPP |- |[[Ga East Municipal District|Ga East Municipal]] |[[Abokobi]] |[[Dome-Kwabenya]] |[[Sarah Adwoa Safo]] |NPP |- |[[Ga North Municipal District|Ga North Municipal]] |[[Amomole]] |[[Trobu (Ghana parliament constituency)|Trobu]] |[[Moses Anim]] |NPP |- | rowspan="2" |[[Ga South Municipal District|Ga South Municipal]] | rowspan="2" |[[Ngleshie Amanfro]] |[[Bortianor-Ngleshie-Amanfrom (Ghana parliament constituency)|Bortianor-Ngleshie-Amanfrom]] |[[Sylvester Tetteh]] |NPP |- |[[Domeabra-Obom]] |[[Sophia Karen Edem Ackuaku]] |NDC |- |[[Ga West Municipal District|Ga West Municipal]] |[[Amasaman]] |[[Amasaman (Ghana parliament constituency)|Amasaman]] |[[Akwasi Owusu Afrifa-Mensah]] |NPP |- |[[Korle-Klottey Municipal District|Korle Klottey Municipal]] |[[Osu, Ghana|Osu]] |[[Korle Klottey (Ghana parliament constituency)|Korle Klottey]] |[[Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings]] |NDC |- |[[Kpone Katamanso Municipal District|Kpone Katamanso Municipal]] |[[Kpone]] |[[Kpone-Katamanso]] |[[Joseph Akuerteh]] |NDC |- |[[Krowor Municipal District|Krowor Municipal]] |[[Nungua]] |[[Krowor (Ghana parliament constituency)|Krowor]] |[[Agnes Naa Momo Lartey]] |NDC |- |[[La Dade Kotopon Municipal District|La Dade Kotopon Municipal]] |[[Labadi|La]] |[[Dade Kotopon]] |[[Rita Naa Odoley Sowah]] |NDC |- |[[La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal District|La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal]] |[[Madina]] |[[Abokobi-Madina]] |[[Francis-Xavier Kojo Sosu]] |NDC |- |[[Ledzokuku Municipal District|Ledzokuku Municipal]] |[[Teshie]] |[[Ledzokuku]] |[[Benjamin Ayiku Nartey]] |NDC |- |[[Ningo Prampram District|Ningo Prampram]] |[[Prampram]] |[[Ningo-Prampram]] |[[Sam Nartey George|Samuel George Nartey]] |NDC |- |[[Okaikwei North Municipal District|Okaikwei North Municipal]] |[[Achimota]] |[[Okaikwei North]] |[[Theresa Lardi Awuni]] |NDC |- |[[Shai Osudoku District|Shai Osudoku]] |[[Dodowa]] |[[Shai-Osudoku]] |[[Linda Obenewaa Akweley Ocloo]] |NDC |- | rowspan="2" |[[Tema Metropolis District|Tema Metropolitan]] | rowspan="2" |[[Tema]] |[[Tema Central (Ghana parliament constituency)|Tema Central]] |[[Yves Hanson-Nortey]] |NPP |- |[[Tema East]] |[[Isaac Ashai Odamtten]] |NDC |- |[[Tema West Municipal District|Tema West Municipal]] |[[Tema Community 18]] |[[Tema West]] |[[Carlos Kingsley Ahenkorah|Carlos Kingsley Ahenkora]] |NPP |- |[[Weija Gbawe Municipal District|Weija Gbawe Municipal]] |[[Weija]] |[[Weija (Ghana parliament constituency)|Weija]] |[[Tina Gifty Naa Ayele Mensah|Tina Gifty Naa Ayeley Mensah]] |NPP |} ==Demographics== ===Dadka=== [[Xarunta dadka]] ee gobolka Greater Accra waxay ku taal [[Accra|Greater Accra Metropolitan Area]] taas oo ka kooban degmooyinka [[Accra Metropolis District|Accra Metropolitan]], [[Tema Metropolis District|Tema Metropolitan]], [[Adenta Municipal District|Adenta Municipal]], [[La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal District]], [[Ashaiman Municipal District|Ashaiman Municipal]], [[Ledzokuku-Krowor Municipal District|Ledzokuku-Krowor Municipal]], [[Ga East Municipal District|Ga East Municipal]], [[Ga West Municipal District|Ga West Municipal]], iyo [[Ga South Municipal District|Ga South Municipal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=jii;view=text;rgn=main;idno=4750978.0016.105 |title =Environmental and Structural Inequalities in Greater Accra |access-date =2010-07-22|publisher =The Journal of the International Institute}}</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobkii 2010, gobolku wuxuu lahaa dad dhan 4,010,054, taas oo ka dhigaysa gobolka labaad ee ugu dadka badan (wadarta guud ee dadka) ee [[Ghana]] ka dambeeya [[Gobolka Ashanti]].<ref name="Population & Housing Census 2010" /> {{Historical populations | 1984 | 1,431,099 | 2000 | 2,905,726 | 2010 | 4,010,054 | 2021 | 5,455,692 |align = none | footnote = xigasho:<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/ghana/cities/ Ghana population statistics]</ref> }} Kooxda [[Dadka Ga|Ga]] ee dadka [[Dadka Ga-Dangme|Ga-Dangme]] waa dadka taariikhiga ah ee Accra. Waxay sameeyaan kooxda ugu weyn ee qowmiyadaha hoose ee Gobolka Greater Accra, oo leh 18.9% dadka.<ref>[[Ga-Adangbe people]]</ref> Dadka Ga waxaa loo habeeyay lix magaalo oo madax-bannaan (Accra (Ga Mashie), Osu, La, Teshie, [[Nungua]], iyo [[Tema]]). Magaalo kastaa waxay lahayd kursi, kaas oo u adeegayay shayga dhexe ee caadooyinka Ga iyo sixirka dagaalka. Magaalada La waxay leedahay bangi bulsho oo u fidiya adeegyada bangiyada.<ref>{{cite web|title=La Community Bank|url=https://www.ghanayello.com/company/6653/La_Community_Bank_Ltd|website=Ghana Yello|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref> Qaybta ugu weyn ee dadka Accra waa [[Dadka Akan|Akan]], oo ah 39.8% dadka. Kooxda xigta ee ugu weyn waa [[Dadka Ga-Dangme|Ga-Dangme]] oo ah 29.7% dadka. Taas ka dib 18% dadka waa [[Dadka Ewe|Ewe]].<ref name="ghana.gov.gh">{{cite web |title=Greater Accra - Government of Ghana |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/about-ghana/regions/greater-accra |access-date=21 August 2016 |website=Government of Ghana}}</ref> Sanadkii 1960 dadka Gobolka Greater Accra waxay ahaayeen 491,817. Sanadkii 2000 dadku waxay ahaayeen 2,905,726. Sanadkii 2010 dadku waxay ahaayeen 4,010,054.<ref name="ghana.gov.gh" /><ref name="Population & Housing Census 2010" /> ===Diinta=== Xiriirka diimeed ee dadka gobolka Greater Accra waa sida hoos ku qoran:<ref name="Greater Accra Population" /> * [[Masiixiyad|Masiixi]] – 77.8% * [[Islaam|Muslim]] – 16.2% * Diimaha kale – 4.6% * Dhaqan – 1.4% ==Gaadiidka== Gobolka Greater Accra waxaa u adeega [[Madaarka Caalamiga ah ee Accra]] ee ku yaalla [[Accra]]. Madaarku wuxuu bixiyaa duulimaadyo ku socda gudaha Ghana, qaaradda Afrika iyo qaaradaha kale.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accra International Airport – GACL |url=https://www.gacl.com.gh/accra-international-airport/ |access-date=2026-06-13 |language=en}}</ref> Waxaa jira [[Shirkadda Tareenka ee Ghana|xariiq tareen]] oo firfircoon oo isku xirta [[Accra]] iyo [[Tema]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-01 |title=Tema-Mpakadan rail services reactivated by Ghana Railways Dev Authority |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/grda-activates-tema-mpakadan-rail-services.html |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2026-06-18 |newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> ==Ciidaha== [[Dadka Ga-Dangme|Dadka Ga]] waxay u dabaaldegaan ciidda [[Homowo]], oo macnaheedu yahay "in gaajada lagu qayliyo." Ciiddan waxay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa dhowr qarni ka hor. Waxaa loo dabaaldegaa xusuusta abaartii ku dhacday dadka Ga qarnigii 16-aad. Waa ciid cunno inta badan oo u dabaaldegta dhammaadkii muddadaas taariikhda Ga. Waxay dhacdaa bisha Agoosto sannad kasta waxaana u dabaaldega dhammaan qabaa'ilka Ga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Homowo Festival – Visit Ghana |url=https://visitghana.com/homowo-festival/ |access-date=2026-06-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> Dadka Dangme ee ka yimid Ada waxay u dabaaldegaan ciidda [[Asafotu]], oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '[[Asafotufiam Festival|Asafotufiam]]', waa ciid sannadle ah oo dagaalyahannada oo ay u dabaaldegaan dadka Ada laga bilaabo Khamiista ugu dambeysa ee Luulyo ilaa usbuuca ugu horreeya ee Agoosto waxay xusuusataa guulaha dagaalyahannada ee dagaalka waana xusuus loo sameeyay kuwii ku dhacay garoonka dagaalka. Si dib loogu jilo dhacdooyinkan taariikhiga ah, dagaalyahannadu waxay xirtaan dhar dagaal oo dhaqameed waxayna sameeyaan dagaal been abuur ah. Tani sidoo kale waa waqti loogu talagalay caadooyinka ragga ee marinka, marka ragga loo soo bandhigo dagaalka. Ciiddu waxay sidoo kale ku beegan tahay wareegga beergooyska, marka caadooyinkan iyo xafladahan la qabto. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah caadooyinka daahirinta. Dabaaldeggu wuxuu gaaraa heerkii ugu sarreeyay iyadoo la kulma madaxda, socod midab leh oo ay sameeyaan Madaxda oo ay ku jiraan raacayaashooda. Waxaa weheliya kooxo milatari oo dhaqameed oo loo yaqaan 'Asafo Companies' dhexda durbaan, heeso iyo qoob-ka-ciyaarka waddooyinka iyo garoonka dabaaldegga. Goobta dabaaldegga, salaanta ayaa la isku dhaafsadaa inta u dhaxaysa madaxda, cabbitaannada ayaa la shubaa iyo caddaynta daacadnimada ayaa la sameeyaa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-17 |title=88th Ada Asafotufiami festival slated for August 1–8 |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/88th-ada-asafotufiami-festival-slated-for-august-1-8.html |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2026-06-18 |newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons}} {{Geographic location |Centre = [[File:Flag of Greater Accra Region.gif|25px|link=Greater Accra Region]] Greater Accra |North = [[File:Flag of Eastern Region (Ghana).gif|25px|link=Eastern Region (Ghana)]] [[Gobolka Bariga (Ghana)|Bariga]] |Northeast = ''[[Harada Volta]]'' |East = ''[[Harada Volta]]'' |Southeast = ''[[Harada Volta]]''<br />''[[Gacanka Guinea]]'' |South = ''[[Gacanka Guinea]]'' |Southwest = ''[[Gacanka Guinea]]'' |West = [[File:Flag of Eastern Region (Ghana).gif|25px|link=Eastern Region (Ghana)]] [[Gobolka Bariga (Ghana)|Bariga]]<br /> [[Gobolka Dhexe (Ghana)|Dhexe]] |Northwest = [[Gobolka Ashanti|Ashanti]] }} {{Authority control}} pehbs493bp1s6erev1gg0050ixqemmm 0 49165 302175 2026-07-13T10:53:09Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari | official_name = | image_skyline = | image_caption = = | image_map = Ghana - North East.png | mapsize = 200px | map_caption = Goobta Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari ee Ghana | image_map1 = | map_caption1 = | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Ghana]] | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Nalerigu]] | parts_type = Degmo | parts_style = para | p1 = 6 | leader_title = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]] | leader_name = [[Ibrahim Tia]] | leader_title1 = <!-- Xubnaha Baarlamaanka --> | leader_name1 = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 9,070 | area_rank = | population_total = 658,903 | population_as_of = 2021 | population_footnotes = <ref name="North East Region Population">{{cite web|url= https://statsghana.gov.gh/regionalpopulation.php?population=MTc0MTgzMzc0NC44NDk=&&NorthEast&regid=11|title=Ghana Statistical Services – Population by Regions, North East|access-date=2021-02-01 |publisher=statsghana.gov.gh}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = | demographics_type1 = | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = | demographics_type2 = | demographics2_title1 = | demographics2_info1 = | area_code = [[Lambarka telefoonka ee Ghana|+233 37]] | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-NP]] | type = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]] | demographics1_info1 = | demographics1_title2 = | demographics1_info2 = | demographics2_title2 = | demographics2_info2 = | timezone = [[GMT]] }} '''Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari''' waa mid ka mid ah lix iyo tobanka [[Gobolada Ghana]]. Wuxuu ku yaallaa woqooyiga dalka waxaana la abuuray Diseembar 2018 ka dib [[aftidii gobolada cusub ee Ghana ee 2018|afti]] loo qaaday in laga gooyo [[Gobolka Waqooyi (Ghana)|Gobolka Waqooyi]].<ref name="CitiNewsRoom2018">{{cite news |last1=Ngon |first1=Diana |title=Referendum: Residents endorse North East Region with 99.67 YES vote |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2018/12/28/referendum-residents-endorse-north-east-region-with-99-67-yes-vote/ |access-date=28 December 2018 |publisher=Citi Newsroom |date=28 December 2018}}</ref> Caasimadda gobolka waa [[Nalerigu]].<ref name="CitiNewsroom2019">{{cite news |last1=Citi Newsroom |title=Nalerigu selected as capital of newly created North East Region |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2019/02/12/nalerigu-selected-as-capital-of-newly-created-north-east-region/|access-date=12 February 2019 |publisher=Citinewsroom Online |date=12 February 2019}}</ref> ==Abuurista Gobolka== [[File:20181119RWH9978 NaYiri North East Region.jpg|thumb|left|NaYiri oo muujinaya taageeradiisa Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari]] '''Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari''' ee Ghana wuxuu ahaa gobol cusub oo la soo jeediyay in laga gooyo [[Gobolka Waqooyi (Ghana)|Gobolka Waqooyi]] ee [[Ghana]]. Abuurista gobolkan cusub waxay ahayd fulinta ballanqaad uu sameeyay [[New Patriotic Party]] ka hor doorashadii guud ee Ghana ee 2016. Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay doorashadii, Madaxweyne [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] wuxuu abuuray [[Wasaaradda Dib-u-habaynta Gobolada iyo Horumarinta|Wasaaradda Dib-u-habaynta Gobolada]] si ay u kormeerto dejinta iyo hirgelinta siyaasadda, waxaana Hon. Solomon Namliit Boar, oo ahaa Xildhibaanka Degmada Bunkpurugu iyo ku-xigeenkii hore ee Wasiirka Gobolka Waqooyi, loo magacaabay Wasiirkii ugu horreeyay ee Gobolka ee Gobolka cusub ee Waqooyi-Bari. Guud ahaan lix gobol oo cusub ayaa laga abuuray tobankii gobol ee hore ee Ghana. Gobolada kale waa [[Gobolka Waqooyi-Galbeed]], [[Gobolka Bono]], [[Gobolka Bono Bariga]], [[Gobolka Ahafo]], [[Gobolka Savannah]] iyo [[Gobolka Oti]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/703-creation-of-6-new-regions-in-the-hands-of-ec-ghanaians-president-akufo-addo|title="Creation Of 6 New Regions In The Hands Of EC & Ghanaians" – President Akufo-Addo|website=www.presidency.gov.gh|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-12-21}}</ref> Afti la qaaday 27 Diseembar 2018 ayaa lagu guulaystay iyadoo 81% dadka u dareeray codbixinta ee gobolka la soo jeediyay ay 99.8% u codeeyeen abuurista Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari.<ref name="CitiNewsRoom2018" /> Caasimadda gobolka ee la soo jeediyay waa magaalada [[Nalerigu]] ee [[East Mamprusi Municipal Assembly]].<ref name="CitiNewsroom2019" />{{clear left}} ==Juquraafi iyo cimilada== ===Goobta iyo bedka=== Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari waxaa dhanka woqooyi ka xiga [[Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari (Ghana)|Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari]], dhanka bari waxaa ka xiga [[xuduudka caalamiga ah]] ee Ghana iyo Togo, dhanka koonfureed waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Waqooyi (Ghana)|Gobolka Waqooyi]], dhanka galbeedna waxaa ka xiga [[Gobolka Waqooyi-Galbeed (Ghana)|Gobolka Waqooyi-Galbeed]]. Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 degmo. ===Cimilada iyo dhirta=== Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari wuxuu aad uga qallalan yahay meelaha koonfureed ee Ghana, sababtoo ah u dhowaanshaha [[Sahel]], iyo [[Saxaraha]]. Dhirtu waxay inta badan ka kooban tahay caws, gaar ahaan [[savanna]] oo leh kooxo geedo qallalan u adkaysta sida [[baobab]] ama [[acacia]]. Inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo Abriil waa [[xilliga abaaraha]]. [[Xilliga roobabka]] waa inta u dhaxaysa qiyaastii Juun iyo Nofeembar iyadoo celceliska roobabka sanadlaha ah uu yahay 750 ilaa 1050 mm (30 ilaa 40 inches). Heerkulka ugu sarreeya ayaa la gaaraa dhammaadka xilliga abaaraha, kan ugu hooseeyana Diseembar iyo Janaayo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dabaysha kulul ee [[Harmattan]] ee ka timaadda Saxaraha ayaa afuufta inta badan inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo bilowga Febraayo. Heerkulku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 17 °C (63 °F) habeenkii iyo 47 °C (117 °F) inta lagu jiro maalintii.{{clear left}} ==Qaab-dhismeedka Dhaqanka iyo Bulshada== Nayiri waa Boqorka (maamulaha) deegaanka dhaqanka Mamprugu oo gobolka oo dhan uu qayb ka yahay. Wuxuu leeyahay gole dhaqameed oo odayaal ah oo la taliya. Nayiri waxaa taageera madax sare, qeybiyo iyo madax kale oo hoose oo hoos yimaada. Maamulkiisu wuxuu ka sii fogaadaa xuduudaha Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari iyo xitaa qaranka. Waxaa ka mid ah madaxda caanka ah Wulugu Naaba, Wungu Naaba, Soo Naaba, Kulgu Naaba, Yunyoorana iyo Bunkpurugu Naaba iyo Zuarungu Naaba, Tongu Naaba, Sakuti (dhammaantood waxay ku yaallaan [[Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari (Ghana)|Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari]]). [[Dadka Mamprusi]] waa qowmiyadda ugu weyn ee Degmada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale jira Dagombas, Bimobas, Konkombas, Talensis, Tampulma, Bissa, Mossis, Chakosis iyo Hausas kuwaas oo ku noolaaday aagga. Labo ciidood oo dhaqameed ayaa la dabaaldegaa sanad walba, Damba Festival, Bugum (Fire) Festival. Degmadu waa mid diimo badan oo diimaha ugu badan ay yihiin Masiixiyad, Islaam iyo Diinta Dhaqanka Afrika.{{clear left}} ==Dalxiiska iyo Goobaha soo jiidashada== [[File:20171104RWH0430 White Volta Gambaga Scarp.jpg|thumb|left|White Volta & Gambaga Scarp]] * Gambaga Escarpment * Wabiyaasha White Volta iyo Red Volta * Farshaxanka dhagaxa qadiimiga ah ee Gingana, Kpatiritinga, Jilik, iyo Tusugu * NaYiri Palace ee [[Nalerigu]] * NaJeringa historic slave wall ee [[Nalerigu]] * Qabuuraha boqorradii qadiimiga ahaa ee [[Dadka Mamprusi|Mamprusi]] iyo [[Boqortooyada Mossi|Mossi]] ee [[Gambaga]] * Masaajidka/Goobta cibaadada ee Zayaa ee Wulugu * Ancient Koma Figurines ee Yikpabongo * Buyuori Cave ee Yikpabongo<ref>{{cite web |url=https://northeastghana.com/ |title=Discover Ghana's North East Region |access-date=27 June 2019}}</ref>{{clear left}} ==Dhaqaalaha== In ka badan 85% dadka firfircoon ee dhaqaale ahaan waa [[Beeraha|beeralay]]. Cufnaanta dadka oo hooseeya waxaa qayb ahaan sababa qax, marka lagu daro juquraafi ahaan iyo cimilada. ==Demographics== Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari wuxuu leeyahay cufnaanta dadka oo hooseeya, iyo, oo ay la socoto [[luuqadda rasmiga ah]] ee [[Ingiriisi]], dadka intiisa badan waxay ku hadlaan luuqad ka tirsan hoos-qaybta [[Luuqadaha Gur|Gur]] ee [[Luuqadaha Niger-Congo|qoyska luqadda Niger-Congo]], sida [[Luuqadda Mampruli|Mampruli]], [[Tampulma]], [[Bimoba]], [[Kusaal]], [[Dagbani]], ama [[Konkomba]]. Boqortooyada [[Dadka Mamprusi|Mamprusi]] waxay ku taal gobolka. === Diinta === Dadka intiisa badan ee gobolka Waqooyi-Bari waxay xiriir la leeyihiin Masiixiyadda, Islaamka, iyo/ama Diinta Dhaqanka Afrika.<ref name="statsghana">{{cite web|url=http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/National_Analytical_Report.pdf|author=Ghana Statistical Service|date=May 2013|title=2010 POPULATION & HOUSING CENSUS NATIONAL ANALYTICAL REPORT|access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref> {{clear left}} ==Qaybaha maamulka== Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolku wuxuu maraa nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa lix MMDA's (oo ka kooban 0 degmo oo magaalo madax ah, 2 degmo oo magaalooyin ah iyo 4 gole caadi ah). Degmo kasta, Magaalo ama Gole Magaalo, waxaa maamula Guddoomiye, oo matala dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya Gole uu hoggaamiyo guddoomiye laga soo dhex doortay xubnaha. Liiska hadda waa sida soo socota: [[Image:Districts of the North East Region (2018).png|thumb|right|500px|Degmooyinka Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Degmooyinka Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari |- ! # ! Magaca MMDA ! Caasimad ! Nooca MMDA ! Dadka |- ! 1 | [[Bunkpurugu Nyankpanduri District|Bunkpurugu-Nyankpanduri]] | [[Bunkpurugu]] | Caadi | |- ! 2 | [[Chereponi District|Chereponi]] | [[Chereponi]] | Caadi | 55,932 |- ! 3 | [[East Mamprusi Municipal Assembly|East Mamprusi]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana Health Service investigates suspected waterborne disease in Bunbuazio community - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ghana-health-service-investigate-suspected-waterborne-disease-in-bunbuazio-community/|access-date=2021-05-20|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> | '''[[Nalerigu]]''' | Magaalo | 121,009 |- ! 4 | [[Mamprugu Moagduri District|Mamprugu-Moagduri]] | [[Yagaba]] | Caadi |- ! 5 | [[West Mamprusi District|West Mamprusi]] | [[Walewale]] | Magaalo | |- ! 6 | [[Yunyoo-Nasuan District|Yunyoo-Nasuan]] | [[Yunyoo]] | Caadi | |- |}{{clear}} ==Muwaadiniin caan ah== {| class="wikitable" |- |+ Muwaadiniin caan ah oo u dhashay gobolka Waqooyi-Bari |- ! # ! Muwaadin ! Degsiimo |- ! scope=row | 1 | [[Mahamudu Bawumia]] | [[Nalerigu]]/[[Walewale]] |- ! scope=row | 2 | Solomon Namliit Boar (MP) | [[Bunkpurugu]] |- ! scope=row | 3 | [[Edward Mahama]] | [[Nalerigu]] |- ! scope=row | 4 | [[Alima Mahama]] (MP) | [[Nalerigu]] |- ! scope=row | 5 | Sagri Banbangi (MP) | [[Walewale]] |} == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * {{statoids|id=ygh|title=Degmooyinka Ghana}} * [https://www.ghanadistricts.com/ GhanaDistricts.com] {{coord|10|31|N|0|22|W|region:GH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title}} {{Authority control}} eepjww0q86192cj34apzcdpc7l0i3ty 0 49166 302176 2026-07-13T10:55:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Waqooyi | image_skyline = Stadium_tamale2.jpg | image_caption = Garoonka Tamale | image_map = Ghana - Northern Region (2018).png | mapsize = 200px | map_caption = Goobta Gobolka Waqooyi ee Ghana | image_map1 = | map_caption1 = | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Ghana]] | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]] | parts_type = Degmooyin | parts_style = para | p1 = 16 | leader_title = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]] | leader_name = [[Ali Adolf John]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers|title=Regional Ministers - Government of Ghana|website=ghana.gov.gh|access-date=23 March 2018}}</ref> | leader_title1 = <!-- Xubnaha Baarlamaanka --> | leader_name1 = | area_footnotes = <ref name="Ghanadistricts.com - Northern Region">{{cite web |url=http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=6 |title=Northern Region |access-date=2009-11-20 |publisher=GhanaDistricts.com}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 26,534 | area_rank = <!-- [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka bedka|Kaalinta 1-aad]] --> | population_total = 2,310,939 | population_as_of = 2021 Tirakoob | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = <!-- [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka dadka|Kaalinta 15-aad]] --> | demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]] | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Sannad | demographics_type2 = [[GDP (Nominal)|GDP (Nominal)]] | demographics2_title1 = Sannad | demographics2_info1 = 2018 | area_code = [[Lambarka telefoonka ee Ghana|037]] | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-NP]] | type = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]] | demographics1_info1 = 2013 | demographics1_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics1_info2 = $5,150 | demographics2_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics2_info2 = $2,500 | blank_name_sec2 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2021)}} | blank_info_sec2 = 0.539<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br/>{{color|#900|hoose}} · [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|10-aad]] | timezone = [[GMT]] }} '''Gobolka Waqooyi''' waa mid ka mid ah lix iyo tobanka [[Gobolada Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=No new Covid-19 cases in Northern Region in 3 weeks - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/no-new-covid-19-cases-in-northern-region-in-3-weeks/ |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=MyJoyOnline. |language=en-US}}</ref> Wuxuu ku yaallaa qaybta woqooyi ee dalka waxaana uu kaalinta labaad kaga jiraa gobolada ugu waaweyn lix iyo tobanka gobol. Kahor kala qaybintiisa, wuxuu ku fadhiyay bed dhan 25,000 oo kiiloomitir laba jibbaaran, taas oo matalaysa 10 boqolkiiba bedka [[Ghana]]. Bishii [[aftidii gobolada cusub ee Ghana ee 2018|Diseembar 2018]], waxaa laga abuuray [[Gobolka Savannah]] iyo [[Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari]]. Gobolka Waqooyi wuxuu u qaybsamaa 16 [[degmo]]. [[Caasimadda]] gobolka waa [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]], [[Liiska magaalooyinka Ghana | magaalada saddexaad ee ugu weyn Ghana]].<ref name="Ghanadistricts.com - Northern Region"/> ==Juquraafi iyo cimilada== ===Goobta iyo bedka=== Gobolka Waqooyi, oo ku fadhiya qiyaastii 25,000 oo kiiloomitir laba jibbaaran, wuxuu u taagan yahay gobolka labaad ee ugu weyn Ghana marka loo eego bedka dhulka. Wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay [[Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari (Ghana)|Gobolka Waqooyi-Bari]] iyo [[Gobolka Savannah]] dhanka woqooyi iyo [[Gobolka Oti]] dhanka koonfureed, iyo wadamada dariska ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[Jamhuuriyadda Togo]] dhanka bari iyo La Cote d'Ivoire dhanka galbeed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mutuku |first=Ryan |date=2021-01-25 |title=The Northern Region districts and their capitals in Ghana |url=https://yen.com.gh/180838-the-northern-region-districts-capitals-ghana.html |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. |language=en}}</ref> ===Cimilada iyo dhirta=== [[File:Baobob tree.jpg|thumb|left|130px|Geedka [[Adansonia digitata|baobab]]]] Gobolka Waqooyi wuxuu leeyahay nidaam [[Guinean forest–savanna mosaic|deegaan kaymo-savanna ah]]. Guinea Savanna waa tan ugu qoyan saddexda aag ee deegaanka savanna. Dhirtu waxay inta badan ka kooban tahay dhul-kaymeed iyo daaqsin. [[Xilliga roobabka]] waa inta u dhaxaysa Abriil iyo Oktoobar, halka xilliga abaaraha uu dhaco inta u dhaxaysa Janaayo iyo Maarso. Waxaa jira celcelis ahaan roobab sanadle ah oo dhan 750 ilaa 1050 mm (30 ilaa 40 inches). Heerkulka ugu sarreeya ayaa la gaaraa bisha Maarso, dhamaadka xilliga abaaraha. Laga bilaabo dhammaadka Nofeembar ilaa Maarso, [[dabaysha ganacsiga]] ee woqooyi-bari ayaa afuufta, taas oo keenta [[Harmattan]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lyngsie |first1=G. |last2=Awadzi |first2=T. |last3=Breuning-Madsen |first3=H. |date=2011-11-01 |title=Origin of Harmattan dust settled in Northern Ghana — Long transported or local dust? |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001670611100228X |journal=Geoderma |volume=167-168 |pages=351–359 |doi=10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.026 |bibcode=2011Geode.167..351L |issn=0016-7061|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Muddadan, heerkulku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 14 °C (59 °F) habeenkii iyo 40 °C (104 °F) inta lagu jiro maalintii.{{clear left}} ==Dhaqaalaha== {{multiple image | align = none | image1 = Agriculture Factory, Tamale, Dagbon.jpg | width1 = 223 | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Agriculture Factory, Tamale.jpg | width2 = 225 | alt2 = | caption2 = | footer = [[Agribusiness]] [[warshad]] ku taal [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]], Gobolka Waqooyi. [[Beeralayda]] shaqaalaha ah ee [[Warshad]] [[Beeraha]] ee [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]], Gobolka Waqooyi. }} Sida dhammaan qaybaha Ghana, in ka badan kalabar dadka firfircoon ee dhaqaale ahaan waa [[Beeraha|beeralay]]. Gobolku waa mid ka mid ah gobolada ugu muhiimsan beeraha ee Ghana. Waxa kale oo uu leeyahay kaydka ugu weyn ee birta.{{clear left}} ==Demographics== Gobolka Waqooyi wuxuu ka kooban yahay qayb badan oo ka mid ah dhulalka [[Boqortooyada Dagbon]], iyo [[Luuqadda Dagbani|Dagbani]] waa luuqadda loogu hadal badan yahay,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Learn Dagbanli (Dagbanli Bɔhimbu) → What Is The Dagbanli Language? - Learn Dagbanli {{!}} Learn Dagbani |url=https://learndagbani.org/course/learn-dagbani/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> iyadoo ay weheliso [[Luuqadda Ingiriisi|Ingiriisiga]]. Dagbani waxay ka tirsan tahay hoos-qaybta [[Luuqadaha Oti–Volta|Oti-Volta]] ee [[Luuqadaha Niger-Congo|qoyska luqadda Niger-Congo]]. Luuqadaha kale ee lagaga hadlo gobolka waxaa ka mid ah Likpakpaln iyo Nawuri. == Ganacsiga == [[File:Night View of Tamale Street in Northern Ghana 01.png|thumb|Muuqaalka habeenkii ee magaalada Tamale, Ghana.]] Gobolku waa goob loo dalxiis tago maalgashiga ee Ghana, iyadoo Tamale horey loogu qiimeeyay magaalada ugu koritaanka dheereeya ee Galbeedka Afrika, iyada oo la kulantay koritaan baaxad leh marka loo eego magaalooyinka kale ee Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamale is the fastest growing city in West Africa - Tamale in Ghana |url=https://independent-travellers.com/ghana/tamale/84.php |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=independent-travellers.com}}</ref> Goobta gobolka iyo u dhawaanshaha weyn ee Yurub iyo Waqooyiga Afrika, marka loo eego Accra, waxay ka dhigaysaa meel soo jiidasho leh oo loogu talagalay maalgashadayaasha. Kaydka birta ee ugu weyn Ghana, oo lagu qiyaasay in ka badan saddex bilyan oo tan,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-15 |title=N/R: Over 1.7bn tonnes of iron ore discovered in Yendi Municipality- Majority Leader |url=https://www.primenewsghana.com/general-news/n-r-over-1-7bn-tonnes-of-iron-ore-discovered-in-yendi-municipality-majority-leader.html |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Prime News Ghana |language=en-us}}</ref> waxay ka dhigaysaa gobolka meel ku habboon maalgashiga birta iyo birta. ==Dalxiiska== * Naa Gbewaa Palace, Yendi * Hamamat Shea Butter Village * Tamale Center for Culture and Arts * Savanna Centre for Contemporary Art * Red Clay Studios * Nkrumah Volini * Nuku Studios * Saakpuli Slave wells * Diarre Napagaduungbanani * Naa Binbegu Boabab Tree, Yendi * Buntaga Irrigation Dam * Sabali (River Oti) * Nawuni River (White Volta) * Deutsch Cemetery at Yendi * Adibo dalila war zones, Adibo === Diinta === Qiyaastii saddex ka mid ah shan qof oo ku nool gobolka Waqooyi ayaa xiriir la leh Islaamka (60.0%).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/National_Analytical_Report.pdf |title=Table 4.17: Population by religious affiliation and region, 2010 |access-date=2018-07-17}}</ref> {{clear left}} ==Degmooyin== [[Image:Districts of the Northern Region (2018).png|thumb|right|300px|Degmooyinka Gobolka Waqooyi]] Gobolka Waqooyi ee Ghana wuxuu ka kooban yahay 16 degmo. 11 waa degmooyin caadi ah marka lagu daro 1 degmo oo magaalo madax ah iyo 4 degmo oo magaalooyin ah.<ref>{{cite web|title=Northern|url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=6|publisher=GhanaDistricts.com|access-date=15 January 2013}}</ref> Degmo kasta, Magaalo ama Gole Magaalo, waxaa ku yaal magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. {| class="wikitable" |+ Degmooyinka Gobolka Waqooyi |- ! # ! Degmo ! Caasimad ! Dadka |- ! 1 | [[Gushegu District|Gushegu]] | [[Gushegu]] | |- ! 2 | [[Karaga District|Karaga]] | [[Karaga, Ghana|Karaga]] | |- ! 3 | [[Kpandai District|Kpandai]] | [[Kpandae|Kpandai]] | 108,816 |- ! 4 | [[Kumbungu District|Kumbungu]] | [[Kumbungu]] | |- ! 5 | [[Mion District|Mion]] | [[Sang, Northern Region|Sang]] | |- ! 6 | [[Nanton District|Nanton]] | [[Nanton, Ghana|Nanton]] | |- ! 7 | [[Nanumba North District|Nanumba North]] | [[Bimbilla]] | |- ! 8 | [[Nanumba South District|Nanumba South]] | [[Wulensi]] | |- ! 9 | [[Saboba District|Saboba]] | [[Saboba]] | |- ! 10 | [[Sagnarigu Municipal District|Sagnarigu]] | [[Sagnerigu]] | |- ! 11 | [[Savelugu Municipal District|Savelugu]] | [[Savelugu]] | |- ! 12 | [[Tamale Metropolitan District|Tamale Metropolitan]] | [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]] | |- ! 13 | [[Tatale Sangule District|Tatale Sangule]] | [[Tatale]] | |- ! 14 | [[Tolon District|Tolon]] | [[Tolon, Ghana|Tolon]] | |- ! 15 | [[Yendi Municipal District]] | [[Yendi]] | |- ! 16 | [[Zabzugu District|Zabzugu]] | [[Zabzugu]] | |- |}{{clear}} == Goobaha caafimaadka == [[File:Tamale Teaching Hospital 3.jpg|right|thumb|Isbitaalka Waxbarashada Tamale, isbitaalka saddexaad ee ugu weyn Ghana.]] Isbitaallada Gobolka Waqooyi:<ref>{{Cite web|title=HEALTH FACILITIES IN NORTHERN REGION IN SHAMBLES...Tamale Hospital worst affected|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/191347/health-facilities-in-northern-region-in-shambles.html|access-date=2021-11-23|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> * Isbitaalka Waxbarashada Tamale * Isbitaalka Tamale Central West * Isbitaalka Tamale West * Isbitaalka SDA * Isbitaalka Degmada Yendi * Isbitaalka Degmada Savelugu * Isbitaalka Degmada Bimbilla * Isbitaalka Degmada Kumbungu * Isbitaalka Degmada Gusheigu == Gaarsiinta Daryeelka Caafimaadka == Degmooyinka khatarta sare leh ee suunka woqooyi ayaa loo aqoonsaday inay leeyihiin daldoolo muuqda oo dhanka caymiska caafimaadka ah oo ay sababto arrimo bulsho-dhaqaale oo maxalli ah.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ghanem |first=V. G. |date=2026 |title=Spatial and Machine Learning Analysis of District-Level Health Insurance Inequities in Ghana |journal=Cureus |volume=18 |issue=1 |article-number=e101984 |doi=10.7759/cureus.101984 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ==Muwaadiniin caan ah== {| class="wikitable" |- |+Qaar ka mid ah muwaadiniin caan ah oo u dhashay Gobolka Waqooyi, [[Boqortooyada Dagbon]] |- ! # ! Muwaadin ! Degsiimo |- ! scope=row | 1 | [[Aliu Mahama]] | [[Yendi]] |- ! scope=row | 2 | [[Wakaso]] | [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]] |- ! scope=row | 3 | [[Abdul Majeed Waris|Majeed Waris]] | [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]] |- ! scope=row | 4 | [[Haruna Iddrisu]] | [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]] |- ! scope=row | 5 | [[Muhammad Mumuni]] | [[Kumbungu]] |- ! scope=row | 6 | [[Ramatu Baba]] | [[Yendi]] |- ! scope=row | 7 | [[Abubakari Sadiq NAM]] | [[Yendi]] |- !8 |Sheikh Ibrahim Basha |Tamale |- !9 |Sheikh Sa-eed Abubakar |Tamale |- !10 |[[Hajia Samata Gifty Bukari]] |[[Yendi]] |- !11 |[[Ibrahim Mahama (artist)|Ibrahim Mahama]] |Tamale |} ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Boqortooyada Dagbon]] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} * {{statoids|id=ygh|title=Degmooyinka Ghana}} * [https://www.ghanadistricts.com/ GhanaDistricts.com] == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://www.ghanadistricts.com/ GhanaDistricts.com – Gobolka Waqooyi] hbf0l8m7v9i5o5z2qs5m7jqxtgwb9uh 0 49167 302177 2026-07-13T10:58:43Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Oti | native_name = Région d'Oti<br>Oti Nutome | type = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]] | image_skyline = Hiking at Kyabobo National Park.jpg | image_caption = Beerta Qaranka ee Kyabobo oo u dhow xadka Togo | image_map = Oti in Ghana 2018.svg | mapsize = 150px | map_caption = Goobta Gobolka Oti ee Ghana | image_map1 = | map_caption1 = | image_flag = | flag_size = | flag_link = | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Ghana]] | leader_title = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]] | leader_name = [[John Kwadwo Gyapong]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/akufo-addo-sacks-13-minister-see-list.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=Reshuffle: See list of ministers sacked by President Akufo-Addo and those replacing them – Graphic Online|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> | leader_title1 = <!-- Xubnaha Baarlamaanka --> | leader_name1 = | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Dambai]] | area_total_km2 = 11,066 | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | population_total = 747,248<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://statsghana.gov.gh/regionalpopulation.php?population=MTc2ODIyNTE2NS4yMjU1&&Oti&regid=12|title = Ghana Statistical Services}}</ref> | population_as_of = 2021 | population_footnotes = | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = 67 | population_density_sq_mi = | demographics_type1 = | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = | demographics1_info1 = | demographics1_title2 = | demographics1_info2 = | demographics_type2 = | demographics2_title1 = | demographics2_info1 = | demographics2_title2 = | demographics2_info2 = | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | parts_type = Degmooyin | parts_style = para | p1 = 9<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://statsghana.gov.gh/regionalpopulation.php?population=MTUzMDcwMjM4MS44Mzc=&&Volta&regid=10|title=Ghana Statistical Services.|website=statsghana.gov.gh}}</ref> | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-OT]] | timezone = [[GMT]] | area_code = [[Lambarka telefoonka ee Ghana|031]] }} '''Gobolka Oti''' waa mid ka mid ah lixda gobol ee cusub ee [[Gobolada Ghana]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=NCCE urges protection of water bodies – MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ncce-urges-protection-of-water-bodies/ |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=MyJoyonline. |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Know the 16 regional capitals of Ghana|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/new-ghana-map-with-16-regional-capitals.html|location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2021-06-12|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> waxaana laga gooyay [[Gobolka Volta]] bishii Diseembar 2018.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Duncan |first1=Jude |title=Referendum: Oti residents okay new region with 99% YES vote |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2018/12/referendum-oti-residents-okay-new-region-with-99-yes-vote/ |website=Citi News Room |date=28 December 2018 |access-date=6 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="ghanaculture.gov.gh">{{Cite web |title=Oti Region – National Commission on Culture |url=https://ghanaculture.gov.gh/oti-region/ |access-date=2023-09-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> Tani waxay daba socotay ballanqaadkii ololaha ee [[Nana Akufo-Addo]] si loo abuuro gobollo cusub si maamulka loogu dhoweeyo dadka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-06 |title=‘Creation of Oti Region was to bring governance closer to the people’ - Akufo-Addo |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Creation-of-Oti-Region-was-to-bring-governance-closer-to-the-people-Akufo-Addo-1147508 |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> Gobolka waxaa la daah-furay 14-kii Maajo 2019 iyadoo [[Dambai]] ay tahay caasimaddiisa.<ref name="ghanaculture.gov.gh" /> == Taariikh == Fulinta qorshayaasha abuurista gobolada waxaa loo dhiibay [[Wasaaradda Dib-u-habaynta iyo Horumarinta Gobolada]] oo dhawaan la abuuray<ref name="yyuiu">{{cite web |title=2nd Ministerial list out: Akufo-Addo creates new ministries, re-aligns old |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/January-11th/2nd-ministerial-list-out-akufo-addo-creates-new-ministries-re-aligns-old.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731040155/http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/January-11th/2nd-ministerial-list-out-akufo-addo-creates-new-ministries-re-aligns-old.php |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=22 June 2017 |publisher=myjoyonline}}</ref> taas oo hoos timaada hoggaanka [[Dan Botwe|Hon. Dan Botwe]]. Wasaaradda [[Dowladda Ghana]] ayaa loo xilsaaray mas'uuliyadda kormeerka abuurista gobollo cusub ee Ghana.<ref name="yyuiu" /> Bishii Maarso 2017, wasaaraddu waxay u dirtay qorshaha abuurista gobolka iyo kuwa kaleba [[Golaha Gobolka (Ghana)|Golaha Gobolka]]. Goluhu wuxuu kulmay in ka badan 36 jeer laga soo bilaabo wakhtigii la soo gudbiyay ilaa Agoosto 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ghanacrusader.com/council-of-state-met-36-times-on-creation-of-new-regions-nana-otuo-siriboe-ii/|title=Council of State met 36 times on new Regions – Nana Otuo Siriboe II|date=2017-08-16|work=GhanaCrusader.com – Latest News in Ghana and Beyond|access-date=2017-12-12|language=en-US}}</ref> Heerka ugu dambeeya ee abuurista gobolka waxaa lagu go'aamiyay iyadoo loo marayo [[afti]] ay qaadeen dadka ku nool gobolka cusub.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Creation Of New Region In Your Hands" – President Akufo-Addo To Nayiri – The Presidency, Republic of Ghana |url=http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/2017/10/06/creation-of-new-region-in-your-hands-president-akufo-addo-to-nayiri/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211071727/http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/2017/10/06/creation-of-new-region-in-your-hands-president-akufo-addo-to-nayiri/ |archive-date=2017-12-11 |access-date=2017-12-12 |website=presidency government of ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Afti ku saabsan gobolada cusub ee Ghana ee 2018|afti la qaaday 27-kii Diseembar 2018]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2018 |title=Referendum: Massive YES votes for 6 new regions {{!}} General News 2018-12-28 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Referendum-Massive-YES-votes-for-6-new-regions-711692 |access-date=2019-01-02 |website=GhanaWeb.}}</ref> ayaa ansixisay abuurista Gobolka Oti. Maalintii doorashada, 323,708 oo ka mid ah 366,481 (88.33% ka qaybgalayaasha doorashada) dadka is-diiwaangeliyay ayaa dhiibtay codkooda. Wadarta 319,296 (98.64 boqolkiiba) ayaa u codeeyay Haa halka 2,878 ay u codeeyeen Maya (0.89 boqolkiiba) halka tirada waraaqaha la diiday ay ahayd 951 (0.24 boqolkiiba).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2018/12/29/all-six-proposed-regions-meet-constitutional-threshold-requirements-ec/|title=All six proposed regions meet constitutional threshold requirements – EC|date=29 December 2018|newspaper=Ghana Business News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/confirmed-results-of-the-2018-referendum-on-new-regions.html|location=Accra, Ghana|title=Confirmed: Results of the 2018 Referendum on new regions|last=Zurek|first=Kweku|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-28 |title=Referendum: 6 new regions get massive 'YES' votes |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/referendum-6-new-regions-get-massive-yes-votes/6l8qds7 |access-date=2019-01-02 |website=pulse ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> == Luuqadaha == Gobolka Oti ee Ghana, luuqadaha ugu waaweyn ee lagaga hadlo waxaa ka mid ah Faransiis, Ingiriisi, Akposo, Guan, Twi (lahjad ka mid ah Akan), iyo Ewe, iyadoo luuqado kale sida Dagbani, Dagaare, Konkomba, Kotokoli, Nawdm, Hausa iyo Kabre ay sidoo kale joogaan. '''[[Luuqadda Faransiiska|Faransiis]]''': Xubin ka mid ah luuqadaha Romance, dhammaan bulshooyinka gobolkan waxay ku hadlaan luuqadan. '''[[Luuqadda Ingiriisiga|Ingiriisi]]''': Xubin ka mid ah luuqadaha Germanic, waa luuqadda rasmiga ah ee Ghana. '''[[Luuqadaha Guan|Guan]]''': Qabaa'ilka ku hadla Guan waxaa ka mid ah Nawuri, Krachi, Nchumuru/Chonke, Buem, Nkonya, Asante, Akyode, Adele, iyo Ntrubo. '''[[Dadka Kposo|Akposo ama Ikposo]]''': waa luuqada dadka Akposo, waana luuqada asaliga ah ee dhammaan bulshooyinka Akposo ee Ghana. Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay tahay mid ka mid ah luuqadaha buuraleyda Ghana-Togo. '''[[Twi]]''' (Akan): Waxay ka kooban tahay lahjadaha Fante iyo Twi, waxaa sidoo kale la aaminsan yahay inay ku hadlaan qayb ka mid ah dadka ah dadka degay ujeedooyin beerasho, ganacsi ama dib-u-dejinta waagii hore gudaha Gobolka Oti. '''[[Luuqadda Ewe|Ewe]]''': Ewe waxaa ku hadla bulshooyinka ku teedsan harada Volta waxaana ay sidoo kale ku fidsan tahay Togo iyo Benin. '''[[Luuqadda Dagbani|Dagbani]]''': Xubin ka mid ah kooxda luuqada Oti-Volta, Dagbani waxaa lagaga hadlaa gobolka Oti. '''[[Luuqadda Dagaare|Dagaare]]''': Waxay ka tirsan tahay laanta woqooyi ee kooxda Western Oti-Volta ee laanta Gur ee qoyska luqadda Niger-Congo. '''[[Luuqadda Konkomba|Konkomba]]''': Waxay ku hadlaan bulshooyinka ku nool aagga webiga Oti, Konkomba waa luuqad Gur ah oo leh lahjado badan. '''[[Luuqadda Dangme|Dangme]]''': Luuqad Kwa ah oo ay ku hadlaan dadka Ada, Yilo iyo Manya Klo, S1, Osudoku, Kpone (Kpomi), Gbugblaa (Prampram) iyo Nugo. '''[[Luuqadda Kusaal|Kusaal]]''': Xubin ka mid ah qoyska luuqada Niger-Congolese, Atlantico-Congolese, Voltaic-Congolese, North, Gur, Gur central, North, Oti-Volta, West, Southeast. '''[[Luuqadda Nawdm|Nawdm]]''' oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''[[Luuqadda Losso|Losso]]''' oo ay ku hadlaan dadka Nawdba. Nawdm waa luuqad Gur ah oo ka tirsan Togo iyo Ghana. Waxay ka tirsan tahay qoyska luqadda Niger-Congo. '''[[Luuqadda Tem|Kotokoli]]''': oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Tem,''' waa luuqad Gur ah oo ka tirsan qoyska Niger-Congo, lagagana hadlo Togo, Ghana, Benin, iyo Burkina Faso. '''[[Luuqadda Kabiye|Kabre]]''': oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Kabiye''' oo ah luuqad Gur (Voltaic) ah oo lagaga hadlo inta badan Togo, Benin iyo Ghana. '''[[Luuqadda Hausa|Hausa]]:''' waa luuqad Chadic ah '''oo lagaga hadlo inta badan''' qaybaha woqooyi ee Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Benin iyo Togo. == Qaybaha maamulka == Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolku wuxuu maraa nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa Sagaal (9) Degmo iyo Goleyaal (M/DAs) (oo ka kooban 4 Degmo-Magaalo iyo 5 Degmo).<ref>{{Cite web |title=One District One Factory (1D1F) |url=http://www.1district1factory.gov.gh/list-district?r=11 |access-date=2020-05-27 |website=1district1factory |archive-date=2024-02-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229073334/http://www.1district1factory.gov.gh/list-district?r=11 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=OTI Region – Local Government Service |url=https://lgs.gov.gh/oti-region/ |access-date=2023-09-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> Degmo kasta iyo Gole kasta, waxaa maamula Madaxa fulinta, kaas oo matalaya dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya Gole uu hoggaamiyo xubin guddoomiye ah oo laga soo dhex doortay xubnaha laftooda. Liiska hadda waa sida soo socota: [[File:Districts of the Oti Region (2018).png|400px|right]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Degmooyinka Gobolka Oti |- ! # ! Magaca MMDA ! Caasimad ! Nooca MMDA ! Madaxa Fulinta |- ! 1 | [[Biakoye District|Biakoye]] | [[Nkonya Ahenkro]] | Degmo | Hon. Eric Kwaku Opong |- ! 2 | [[Jasikan District|Jasikan]] | [[Jasikan]] | Degmo-Magaalo | Hon. |- ! 3 | [[Kadjebi District|Kadjebi]] | [[Kadjebi]] | Degmo | Hon. Dr. Sam Suraj Issaka |- ! 4 | [[Krachi East Municipal District|Krachi East]] | '''[[Dambai]]''' | Degmo-Magaalo | Hon. Sarfo Nketiah |- ! 5 | [[Krachi Nchumuru District|Krachi Nchumuru]] | [[Chinderi]] | Degmo | Hon. Martin Kofi Anato |- ! 6 | [[Krachi West District|Krachi West]] | [[Kete Krachi]] | Degmo-Magaalo | Hon. Prosper Addo |- ! 7 | [[Nkwanta North District|Nkwanta North]] | [[Kpassa]] | Degmo | Hon. Isaiah Dordoe |- ! 8 | [[Nkwanta South Municipal District|Nkwanta South]] | [[Nkwanta]] | Degmo-Magaalo | Hon. Joseph Antwi |- ! 9 | [[Guan District|Guan]] | [[Likpe-Mate]] | Degmo | Hon. Godfred Kofi |} == Juquraafi iyo cimilada == === Goobta iyo bedka === Gobolka Oti wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay dhanka woqooyi [[Gobolka Waqooyi, Ghana|Gobolka Waqooyi]], dhanka koonfureed Gobolka Volta, iyo dhanka galbeed Harada Volta. Waxay leedahay 9 degmo. === Cimilada iyo dhirta === Gobolka Oti wuxuu aad uga qallalan yahay inta kale ee aagagga koonfureed ee Ghana, sababtoo ah u dhawaanshaha woqooyi. Dhirtu waxay ka kooban tahay inta badan daaqsin, gaar ahaan [[savanna]] oo leh kooxo geedo u adkaysta abaarta sida [[Adansonia digitata|baobabs]] ama [[acacia]]s. Inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo Abriil waa [[xilliga abaaraha]]. [[Xilliga roobabka]] waa inta u dhaxaysa qiyaastii Maajo iyo Nofeembar oo leh celcelis roobab sanadle ah oo dhan 750 ilaa 1050 mm (30 ilaa 40 inches). Heerkulka ugu sarreeya ayaa la gaaraa dhamaadka xilliga abaaraha, kan ugu hooseeya Diseembar iyo Janaayo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dabaysha kulul ee [[Harmattan]] ee ka timaada Saxaraha ayaa afuufa inta badan inta u dhaxaysa Diseembar iyo bilowga Febraayo. Heerkulku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 14 °C (59 °F) habeenkii iyo 40 °C (104 °F) inta lagu jiro maalintii.{{clear left}} === Awoodda kheyraadka dabiiciga ah === Hay'adda Sahaminta Juqraafiyeed ee Ghana ayaa ka heshay tiro badan oo kaydka birta ah (iron ore) meel lagu magacaabo Akokrowa, oo ah bulsho beeralay ah oo ku taal Gobolka Oti ee Ghana. Birta, marka loo eego baaritaanka juqraafiyeed, waa 55.22 boqolkiiba miisaanka (Fe) waana heer sare. Waxaa la filayaa in sahaminta iyo ganacsiga birta ay abuuri doonaan shaqooyin iyo hanti dadka Oti iyo dalka guud ahaan.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://accramining.net/ghanas-iron-ore-potential-and-the-new-find-in-the-oti-region/|title=Ghana’s Iron Ore Potential and the New Find In the Oti Region: "We Need To Manage Expectations" – HENRY ANTWI|date=15 December 2021|website=AMN-News, Accra Mining Network|access-date=18 April 2022}}</ref> == Dalxiiska iyo beeraha == * [[Kyabobo National Park]]:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Pocu |first=Kojo |date=2023-08-18 |title=Kyabobo National Park – Tourist site in Oti Region |url=https://mrpocu.com/kyabobo-national-park-tourist-site-in-oti-region/ |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=Mr. Pocu Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> Kaydka waxaa ku yaal Nkwanta, oo ku yaal Degmada Nkwanta South ee aagga, inta u dhaxaysa Savannah iyo kaynta roobka kulaylaha. Kaydka waxaa la aasaasay 1993 iyadoo ujeedadu tahay ilaalinta duurjoogta iyo noocyada kale ee xayawaanka khatarta ah inta lagu guda jiro iyaga oo siinaya meel raaxo leh oo ay ku noolaadaan meel ka fog khatarta iyo hawlaha bini'aadamka. Xuduudaha beertu waxay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, la beddelay dhowr jeer tan iyo markaas.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Harada Volta]] * Buurta Naaska (Breast Mountain), Chilinga * Kaydka kaynta Chaiso * [[Tuulada laalaada, Shiare]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=khophi |date=2021-05-26 |title="The Hanging Village" – Shiare |url=https://experienceafrica.today/the-hanging-village-shiare/ |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=Experience Africa Today |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{coord|7|54|N|0|18|E|display=title|region:GH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki}} {{Authority control}} ezyfvy06gd04i59ngrmedgeb9suydoo 0 49168 302178 2026-07-13T11:02:54Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Bariga Sare, [[Boqortooyada Dagbon|Dagbon]] | official_name = | type = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]] | image_skyline = Rocks in the Tongo Hills, Gorogo, Upper East Region, Ghana.JPG | image_caption = Dhagax-abuurka Tongo Hills oo u dhow Gorogo | image_map = Upper East in Ghana 2018.svg | mapsize = 250px | map_caption = Goobta Gobolka Bariga Sare ee Ghana | image_map1 = | map_caption1 = | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Ghana]] | leader_title = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]] | leader_name = [[Akamugri Donatus Atanga]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers |title=Regional Ministers |access-date=2019-07-12 }}</ref> | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Bolgatanga]] | area_total_km2 = 8,842 | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=8&sa=102 |title=Upper East Region |access-date=2010-10-15 |publisher=Ghanadistricts.com }}</ref> | area_rank = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka bedka|Kaalinta 9-aad]] | population_total = 1,301,226 | population_as_of = 2021 Tirakoob | population_footnotes = <ref name="Upper East Region Population">{{cite web|url=http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/Census2010_Summary_report_of_final_results.pdf|title=Upper East Region – Population|access-date=2013-01-20|publisher=statsghana.gov.gh}}</ref> | population_rank = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka dadka|Kaalinta 9-aad]] | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]] | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Sannad | demographics1_info1 = 2013 | demographics1_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics1_info2 = $5,150 | demographics_type2 = [[GDP (Nominal)|GDP (Nominal)]] | demographics2_title1 = Sannad | demographics2_info1 = 2013 | demographics2_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics2_info2 = $2,500 | blank_name_sec2 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2017)}} | blank_info_sec2 = 0.520<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br />{{color|#900|hoose}} · [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|8-aad]] | parts_type = Degmooyin | parts_style = para | p1 = 15 | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-UE]] | timezone = [[GMT]] | area_code = [[Lambarka telefoonka ee Ghana|039]] }} '''Gobolka Bariga Sare''' wuxuu ku yaallaa qaybta woqooyi ee [[Ghana]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-18|title=Upper East Region: Group pushes for sex education to reduce teenage pregnancies|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/05/upper-east-region-group-pushes-for-sex-education-to-reduce-teenage-pregnancies/|access-date=2021-05-18|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> waana gobolka saddexaad ee ugu yar 16-ka gobol ee maamul ee Ghana. In kasta oo uu le'eg yahay cabbirkiisa marka loo eego, gobolku wuxuu muhiimad weyn u leeyahay hidaha dhaqanka iyo sheekada taariikhiga ah ee qaranka. Waxa uu ku fadhiyaa bed dhan 8,842 kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran, sidaas awgeed wuxuu ka kooban yahay 2.7% oo ka mid ah guud ahaan bedka dhulka Ghana. Caasimadda gobolka waa [[Bolgatanga]], oo mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan Bolga.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=The cultural centre in Bolga |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/features/the-cultural-centre-in-bolga.html |location=Accra, Ghana|access-date=2025-11-18 |newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahama's SpeakOut train hits Bolgatanga - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/mahamas-speakout-train-hits-bolgatanga/ |access-date=2025-11-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> Waa xarun weyn oo wax soo saar iyo iibin dambiilo si heer sare ah loo tolay, alaabta maqaarka, iyo farsamada gacanta ee cawska. Bolga waxay u adeegtaa sidii xarunta maamulka iyo ganacsiga ee gobolka. Magaalooyinka kale ee waaweyn ee gobolka waxaa ka mid ah [[Navrongo]], [[Paga]], [[Sandema]], [[Bawku]], [[Zebilla]], [[Degmada Tempane|Tempane]], [[Degmada Pusiga|Pusiga]], [[Degmada Garu-Tempane|Garu]], Googo, Pwalugu, iyo Widana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Directory of Cities and Towns in Upper East |url=https://www.fallingrain.com/world/GH/10/ |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref> ==Juquraafi== ===Goobta iyo bedka=== Gobolka Bariga Sare wuxuu ku yaallaa geeska [[woqooyi-bari]] ee Ghana waxaana xuduud la leh [[Burkina Faso]] dhanka woqooyi iyo [[Togo]] dhanka bari. Wuxuu u dhexeeyaa dhigaha 0° iyo 1° Galbeed iyo loolka 10° 30′N iyo 11°N. Gobolku wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay [[Burkina Faso]] dhanka woqooyi, [[Togo]] dhanka bari, [[Gobolka Galbeedka Sare]] dhanka galbeed, iyo [[Gobolka Waqooyi (Ghana)|Gobolka Waqooyi]] dhanka koonfureed. Gobolka Bariga Sare wuxuu u qaybsamaa 15 degmo, mid kasta waxaa hoggaamiya madaxa fulinta degmada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Upper East - National Road Safety Authority |url=https://nrsa.gov.gh/about-us/upper-east/ |access-date=2025-11-18 |website=nrsa.gov.gh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Nerve Centre :: Asaase Radio |url=https://elections.asaaseradio.com/2012/upper-east |access-date=2025-11-18 |website=elections.asaaseradio.com}}</ref> Muuqaalka gobolka waxaa inta badan lagu gartaa jiirar jilicsan oo lagu daray [[dhagax-baxyo]] iyo [[buuraley]] iyo dhagaxyada waaweyn ee Gambaga Scarp [[Bolgatanga|2]]. Juquraafiyaddan waa qayb ka mid ah nidaamka deegaanka Sudanian Savanna, oo leh geedo dhif ah oo u adkaysta abaarta sida baobabs, acacias, iyo geedaha shea. Cimilada [[Bolgatanga|Bariga Sare]] waa kulul tahay oo [[Cimilada qallalan-xigeen|qallalan-xigeen]] ah, oo leh hal xilli roobaad oo aan la saadaalin karin inta u dhaxaysa Maajo iyo Oktoobar. Xilliga abaarta ee dheer, daran [[Bolgatanga|(Nofeembar ilaa Abriil)]] ayaa gobolka ka dhigaya mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu nugul isbeddelka cimilada ee Ghana. ==Dalxiiska== ===Goobaha madadaalada=== *[[Tongo Hills]] *Bongo Rocks *[[Tono Dam (Ghana)|Tono Dam]] ===Goobaha taariikhiga ah=== *Kaniisadda Navrongo ee dhoobada laga dhisay *[[Xeryaha addoonta ee Pikworo]] *[[Naa Gbewa Shrine in PUSIGA]] ===Dabaaldegyo=== Gobolku wuxuu martigeliyaa dabaaldegyo badan sanadka oo dhan, kuwaas oo intooda badan loogu talagalay in lagu keeno xilli beerasho wanaagsan ama loo dabaaldego goosashada. *[[Dabaaldegga Samanpiid]] *[[Dabaaldegga Gologo]] *[[Dabaaldegga Fao]] *[[Dabaaldegga Fiok]] *[[Dabaaldegga Kuure]], Zaare *[[Dabaaldegga Feok]] *Zekula festival oo ay leeyihiin dadka Bissa *[[Dabaaldegga Boaram]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Festivals in the Upper East Region - Ghana Embassy Berlin |url=http://www.ghanaemberlin.de/en/tourism/festivals/festivals-in-the-upper-east-region/index.html |access-date=19 April 2018 |website=Ghanaemberlin Germany }}</ref> * [[Dabaaldegga Tengana]] oo ay leeyihiin dadka Balungu, Winkongo iyo Pwalugu * [[Dabaaldegga Ndaakoya]] oo ay leeyihiin bulshooyinka ku hadla Frafra, Talensi, iyo Nabdam. ===Goobaha kale ee soo jiidashada dalxiiska=== * [[Matxafka Gobolka Bariga Sare]] * [[Sirigu (Ghana)|Sirigu]] Xarunta Farshaxanka iyo Dhoobada * Suuqa Bolga: suuq beeraleyda iyo xoolaha, oo la qabto laba jeer toddobaadkii. *Bolgatanga Craft Village *[[Barkadda Yaxaaska ee Paga]] *Tongo Hills iyo Tenzug Shrines ==Dadka== ===Tirada dadka=== [[Xarunta dadweynaha]] ee Gobolka Bariga Sare waxay ku taal caasimaddeeda [[Bolgatanga]], taas oo u adeegta xarunta koowaad ee ganacsiga, maamulka, iyo adeegyada, taas oo si dabiici ah u soo jiidata dad badan oo ka kala yimid meelaha ku hareeraysan. Dadku waxay u badan yihiin reer miyi. Iyadoo 79% dadkeedu ay ku nool yihiin miyi, waxay haysataa kala soocidda inay tahay gobolka ugu yar ee Ghana ee magaaloobay. Iyadoo 21% dadka ay ku nool yihiin magaalooyinka, gobolku waa kan ugu yar ee magaaloobay Ghana. Dhab ahaantii, iyada oo ay weheliso [[Gobolka Galbeedka Sare|Galbeedka Sare]], iyagu waa labada gobol ee leh in ka badan 20% [[dadka magaalooyinka]]. [[Muwaadiniinta]] Ghana ee dhalasho ahaan, carruurnimada, ama waalidnimada waxay ka kooban yihiin 92.5% dadka gobolka Bariga Sare. Muwaadiniinta Ghana ee dhalashada leh waxay ka kooban yihiin 5.3%. Gobolka Bariga Sare wuxuu leeyahay wadar dhan 1,301,221 oo qof, sida lagu sheegay tirakoobka Dadka iyo Guryaha (PHC) ee 2021 oo ay samaysay Hay'adda Tirakoobka Ghana, taas oo muujinaysa in Gobolka Bariga Sare uu ka kooban yahay 4.2% dadka Ghana. Gobolku wuxuu leeyahay wadar dhan 631,963 rag ah iyo 669,963 dumar ah, kuwaas oo matalaya 48.5 iyo 51.5% dadweynaha, siday u kala horreeyaan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-22 |title=2021 PHC results: Upper East constitutes 4.2% of Ghana's population - A1 Radio Bolgatanga |url=https://www.a1radioonline.com/43532/2021-phc-results-upper-east-constitutes-4-2-of-ghanas-population/index.html |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=Radionline |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Gaadiidka== Saddex [[shabakada wadooyinka Ghana|wadooyinka qaranka—]][[Wadada N2 (Ghana)|N2]], [[Wadada N10 (Ghana)|N10]], iyo [[Wadada N11 (Ghana)|N11]]—iyo dhawr wadooyin goboleed, sida R113, R114, R116, iyo R181, ayaa u adeega gobolka. [[Shabakada Wadooyinka Ghana|N10]] waxay ka bilaabataa [[Yamoransa|Yemoransa]] ee [[Gobolka Dhexe (Ghana)|Gobolka Dhexe]] waxayna ku xidhaa [[Kumasi]] ee [[Gobolka Ashanti]] waxayna ku dhammaataa Paga ee Gobolka Bariga Sare. Caasimadda qaranka [[Accra]] sidoo kale waxay ku xidhan tahay gobolka [[Shabakada Wadooyinka Ghana|N2]], oo ku dhammaata [[Kulungugu]] ee Gobolka Bariga Sare. Labadan wado ee qaran waxay ku xidhan yihiin [[Shabakada Wadooyinka Ghana|N11]], oo ku xidha caasimadda gobolka [[Bolgatanga]] iyo Bimpiela, oo sidoo kale gobolka ku taal. ==Qaybaha maamulka== Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolku wuxuu maraa nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa 15 MMDAs (oo ka kooban 0 degmo-magaalo, 4 [[Degmo-Magaalo|Degmooyin]] iyo 15 degmo caadi ah).<ref>{{cite web |title=Upper East |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=8 |access-date=15 January 2013 |website=GhanaDistricts }}</ref> Degmo kasta, Degmo-Magaalo, ama Gole, waxaa maamula Madaxa fulinta, kaas oo matalaya dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya Gole uu hoggaamiyo xubin guddoomiye ah oo laga soo dhex doortay xubnaha laftooda. Liiska hadda waa sida soo socota: [[Image:Districts of the Upper East Region (2012).svg|thumb|right|500px|Khariidadii hore ee Degmooyinka Gobolka Bariga Sare (2016)]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Degmooyinka Gobolka Bariga Sare |- ! # ! Magaca MMDA ! Caasimad ! Nooca MMDA ! Dadka |- ! 1 | [[Degmada Bawku Municipal|Bawku]] | [[Bawku]] | Degmo-Magaalo | |- ! 2 | [[Degmada Bawku West|Bawku West]] | [[Zebilla]] | Caadi | |- ! 3 | [[Degmada Binduri|Binduri]] | [[Binduri]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ghana Districts - A repository of all districts in the republic of Ghana |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/districts/?news&r=8&_=222 |website=GhanaDistricts.}}</ref> | Caadi | |- ! 4 | [[Degmada Bolgatanga Municipal|Bolgatanga]] | '''[[Bolgatanga]]''' | Degmo-Magaalo | |- ! 5 | [[Degmada Bolgatanga East|Bolgatanga East]] | [[Zuarungu]] | Caadi | |- ! 6 | [[Degmada Bongo|Bongo]] | [[Bongo, Ghana|Bongo]] | Caadi | |- ! 7 | [[Degmada Builsa North Municipal|Builsa North]] | [[Sandema]] | Degmo-Magaalo | |- ! 8 | [[Degmada Builsa South|Builsa South]] | [[Fumbisi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ghana Districts - A repository of all districts in the republic of Ghana |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/districts/?news&r=8&_=223 |website=GhanaDistricts.}}</ref> | Caadi | |- ! 9 | [[Degmada Garu|Garu]] | [[Garu, Ghana|Garu]] | Caadi | |- ! 10 | [[Degmada Kassena-Nankana Municipal|Kassena Nankana East]] | [[Navrongo]] | Degmo-Magaalo | |- ! 11 | [[Degmada Kassena Nankana West|Kassena-Nankana West]] | [[Paga]] | Caadi | |- ! 12 | [[Degmada Nabdam|Nabdam]] | [[Nangodi, Ghana|Nangodi]] | Caadi | |- ! 13 | [[Degmada Pusiga|Pusiga]] | [[Pusiga]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ghana Districts - A repository of all districts in the republic of Ghana |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/districts/?news&r=8&_=221 |website=GhanaDistricts.}}</ref> | Caadi | |- ! 14 | [[Degmada Talensi|Talensi]] | [[Tongo, Ghana|Tongo]] | Caadi | |- ! 15 | [[Degmada Tempane|Tempane]] | [[Tempane]] | Caadi | |}{{clear}} ==Waxbarashada== ===Dugsiyada sare ee sare=== {{Main|Waxbarashada Ghana}} *Azeem-Namoo Senior High School *Awe Senior High/Tech School *Bolga Girls Senior High School *[[Bawku Senior High/Tech School]] *[[Bolgatanga Senior High School]] *[[Binduri Community SHS]] *Bongo Senior High School *[[Chiana Senior High School]] *[[Fumbisi Senior High School]] *Gowrie Senior High Tech School *Gambigo Day Community SHS *Garu Day Community SHS *Kongo Senior High School *Kusanaba Senior High School *[[Navrongo Senior High School]] *Nabango Senior High *Notre Dame Sem/ Senior High School *Mirigu Community Day SHS *[[OLA Girls Senior High School (Ho)|O. L. L. Girls Senior High School]] *Paga Senior High School *Queen Of Peace Senior High School *Sandema Senior High/Tech School *Sandema Senior High School *[[Sapelliga Community SHS]] *Sirigu Senior High School *St John's Integrated Senior High/Tech *Tempane Senior High School *Zamse Senior High/Tech School *[[Zebilla Senior High/Tech School]] *Zorkor Senior High School *St John's Integrated SHTS *[[Zuarungu Senior High School]] * Bawku Senior High School *[[Bawku Technical School]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senior High Schools in Upper East Region of Ghana |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/regions/upper-east |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> ===Machadyada Waxbarashada Sare=== * [[Bolgatanga Technical University]] * [[St. John Bosco's College of Education]] * [[Gbewaa College of Education]], Pusiga * [https://utas.edu.gh/ University of Technology & Applied Sciences] *Navrongo Community Nursing Training College * Regentropfen University College (ReCAS), Bongo * Bolgatanga Nursing and Midwifery Training College *Zuarungu Nursing & Midwifery Training College * Bawku Nursing Training College ==Isboortiga== * [[Bolgatanga Manchester City F.C.]] * Bolga F.C *Bawku Royals FC *Bawku Real United *Bawku United Stars ==Muwaadiniin caan ah== {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=3 | Muwaadiniin caan ah oo u dhashay gobolka Bariga Sare |- ! # ! Muwaadin ! Degsiimo |- ! 1 | [[Joseph Kofi Adda]] | [[Navrongo]] |- ! 2 | [[Roland Agambire]] | [[Sirigu (Ghana)|Sirigu]] |- ! 3 |Roger A. Agana |[[Soe (Ghana)|Soe]] |- ! 4 |[[David Atanga]] |Namoo |- !5 |[[Theresa Lardi Awuni]] |Winkongo |- ! 6 | [[Adam Kwarasey]] | [[Navrongo]] |- ! 7 | [[Abedi Pele]] | [[Paga]] |- !8 | [[Mark Woyongo]] | [[Navrongo]] |- !9 | [[Hawa Yakubu]] | [[Pusiga]] |- ! 10 | [[Stephen Yakubu]] | [[Degmada Binduri|Binduri]] |- !11 | [[Adabere Adabre Donald]] | [[Bolgatanga]] |- !12 | [[John Akparibo Ndebugre]] | [[Bawku]] |- !13 | [[Cletus Apul Avoka]] | [[Bawku]] |- !14 | [[Mahama Ayariga]] | [[Bawku]] |- !15 | [[Awini Emmanuel Ayonde]] | [[Bawku]] |- !16 | [[Laadi Ayi Ayamga]] | [[Pusiga]] |- !17 | [[Rev.Professor John Azumah|Rev. Professor John Azumah]] | [[Bawku]] |- !18 | [[Simon Atingban Akunye]] | [[Pusiga]] |- !18 | [[Dr.Kingley Akurugu]] | [[Bawku]] |- !19 |[[Dominic Akuritinga Ayine]] |[[Zuarungu]] |- !20 |Eastwood Anaba |[[Bolgatanga]] |- !21 |[[Akuka Dickson Atule]] |[[Zebilla]] |} ==Tixraacyo== {{reflist}} ==Isha== * {{statoids|id=ygh|title=Degmooyinka Ghana}} * [https://www.ghanadistricts.com/ GhanaDistricts.com] * [http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/cen_surv.html Hay'adda Tirakoobka Ghana] {{Authority control}} 7gpwa731t4la7rxt0cgvfi1tbeb1xt9 0 49169 302179 2026-07-13T11:06:35Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Galbeedka Sare | official_name = | type = [[Gobolada Ghana|Gobol]] | image_skyline = Our building structures.jpg | image_map = Ghana - Upper West.svg | mapsize = 150px | map_caption = Goobta Gobolka Galbeedka Sare ee Ghana | image_map1 = | map_caption1 = | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = [[Ghana]] | leader_title = [[Liiska wasiirada gobolada Ghana|Wasiirka Gobolka]] | leader_name = [[Charles Lwanga Puozuing]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/regional-ministers |url-status=dead |title=Regional Ministers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-work-to-start-on-670-km-feeder-roads-in-upper-west.html |location=Accra, Ghana|title=Work to start on 670-km feeder roads in Upper West - Graphic Online|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]}}</ref> | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Wa, Ghana|Wa]] | area_total_km2 = 18476 | area_footnotes = <ref name="Ghanadistricts.com - Upper West Region">{{cite web |url=http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=9 |title=Upper West Region |access-date=2009-11-20 |publisher=GhanaDistricts.com }}</ref> | area_rank = [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka bedka|Kaalinta 7-aad]] | population_total = 901,502 | population_as_of = 2021 tirakoob | population_footnotes = <ref name="Upper West Region Population">{{cite web|url= https://statsghana.gov.gh/regionalpopulation.php?population=MTUwNDMxMDk2MS40NjA1&&Upper%20West&regid=9|title=Ghana Statistical Services - Population by Regions, Upper West|access-date=2021-02-01 |publisher=statsghana.gov.gh}}</ref> | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | demographics_type1 = [[Awoodda wax-iibsiga siman|GDP (PPP)]] | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Sannad | demographics1_info1 = 2013 | demographics1_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics1_info2 = $5,150 | demographics_type2 = [[GDP (Nominal)|GDP (Nominal)]] | demographics2_title1 = Sannad | demographics2_info1 = 2013 | demographics2_title2 = Qofkiiba | demographics2_info2 = $2,500 | blank_name_sec2 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] {{nobold|(2017)}} | blank_info_sec2 = 0.518<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br/>{{color|#900|hoose}} · [[Liiska gobolada Ghana ee dhanka Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|9-aad]] | parts_type = Degmooyin | parts_style = para | p1 = 11 | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:GH|GH-UW]] | timezone = [[GMT]] | area_code = [[Lambarka telefoonka ee Ghana|039]] }} '''Gobolka Galbeedka Sare''' waa gobol ka tirsan [[Ghana]] oo ku yaalla geeska woqooyi-galbeed ee dalka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Boakye|first=Edna Agnes|date=2021-05-21|title=Sissala West MP laments exclusion of Sissala areas from EU-funded road projects|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/05/sissala-west-mp-laments-exclusion-of-sissala-areas-from-eu-funded-road-projects/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> Waxa xuduud la leh [[Gobolka Bariga Sare]] dhanka bari, [[Gobolka Waqooyi (Ghana)|Gobolka Waqooyi]] dhanka koonfureed, iyo gobolada [[Centre-Ouest]] iyo [[Sud-Ouest]] ee [[Burkina Faso]] dhanka galbeed iyo woqooyi. Caasimadda gobolka Galbeedka Sare iyo [[degsiimo|goobta]] ugu weyn waa [[Wa, Ghana|Wa]]. == Taariikh == [[File:Wa Naa Palace 15.jpg|thumb|Qasriga Wa Naa]] Gobolka Galbeedka Sare waxaa abuuray madaxweynihii xilligaas, [[Jerry Rawlings]] sanadkii 1983-kii iyadoo la raacayo taliskii militari ee [[Golaha Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Difaaca Qaranka]] (PNDC). Deegaanka waxaa laga gooyay gobolkii hore ee Upper Region, kaas oo hadda ah Gobolka Bariga Sare. Muddo soddon iyo shan sano ah, waxa uu ahaa gobolkii ugu da'da yaraa Ghana ilaa 2018 markii lix gobol oo kale uu abuuray xukuumaddii [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo]]; sidaas darteed waxaa tirada guud ee gobolada maamul ee dalka ay gaadhay lix iyo toban. == Qabaa'ilka == Gobolka Galbeedka Sare waxaa ku nool inta badan saddex qabiil oo waaweyn: Wala, Dagaba iyo Sisaala. Dadka Wala waxaa laga helaa Wa iyo tuulooyinka u dhow, qaybta galbeed ee gobolka waxaa degan Dagaba, dadka Sisaala waxay ku nool yihiin meelaha bariga. Dadka Wala waa inta badan Muslimiin halka Sisaala iyo Dagaba ay yihiin inta badan Masiixiyiin ama dhaqan-raac. Dadka Wala waxay ku hadlaan Waali, Dagabana waxay ku hadlaan afka Dagaare.<ref name=":0" /> == Golaha Dhaqanka == Wa waxay leedahay Gole Odayaal oo loo yaqaan Golaha Dhaqanka ee Waala. Golahani wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhowr odayaal iyo xubno ay dawladdu magacawday. Hoggaamiyaha hadda ee Gobolka Dhaqanka ee Waala waa Wa Naa Fuseini Pelpuo IV kaas oo sidoo kale labanlaabma hoggaamiyaha Golaha.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-30 |title=UW: List of Members of Waala Traditional Council Since 2016 |url=https://upperwestmedia.net/2022/09/30/uw-list-of-members-of-waala-traditional-council-since-2016/ |access-date=2025-08-30 |language=en}}</ref> == Juquraafi iyo cimilo == === Goobta iyo cabbirka === Gobolka Galbeedka Sare waa mid ka mid ah 16-ka gobol ee Ghana. Waxay ku taallaa geeska woqooyi-galbeed ee Ghana oo u dhaxaysa loolka 9.8°- 11.O° Woqooyi iyo dhigaha 1.6°- 3.0 Galbeed, oo ay xuduud la leedahay Burkina Faso dhanka Woqooyi. Waxa ay daboolaysaa bed dhan 18,476 kiiloomitir laba jibbaaran, taas oo ka dhigan 12.7% wadarta bedka dhulka Ghana. === Dalxiiska === Sanctuary-ga [[Hippopotamus]] ee Wechiau wuxuu ku yaallaa koonfur-galbeed ee Wa, oo ku taal [[Webiga Black Volta]] ee Degmada Wa West. Darbiga [[Gwollu Defence Wall|Gwollu]] ee [[Degmada Sissala]] wuxuu u adeegaa sidii magaaladii uu ka soo jeeday mid ka mid ah [[Madaxweynaha Ghana|madaxweynayaashii]] hore ee Ghana - Dr. [[Hilla Limann]].<ref>ghanadistricts.com</ref> == Cuntada == Cuntada ugu muhiimsan ee dadka gobolka Galbeedka Sare waa sao ama Tuo Zaafi oo ku hadla lahjadda maxaliga ah, taas oo inta badan loo soo gaabiyo TZ ama T-Zed af Ingiriisi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tuo zaafi {{!}} Traditional Side Dish From Northern Region {{!}} TasteAtlas|url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/tuo-zaafi|access-date=2021-10-01|website=www.tasteatlas.com}}</ref> == Dhaqaalaha == Hawsha dhaqaale ee ugu weyn ee Gobolka Galbeedka Sare waa [[beeraha]]. Dalagyada la beero waxaa ka mid ah [[hadhuudh]], [[masago]], [[ laws]], [[okra]], [[geedka shea]], iyo [[bariis]]. [[Ido]], [[riyo]], [[digaag]], [[doofaar]], iyo [[shimbiraha guinea]] ayaa loo koriyo hilibka iyo ukunta. Sababtoo ah xilliga abaarta ee gobolku waa mid dheer, oo u dhexeeya qiyaastii Oktoobar ilaa Maajo, dad badan ayaa ka taga gobolka si ay uga shaqeeyaan qaybta koonfureed ee Ghana ugu yaraan qayb ka mid ah sannadka. == Isboorti == Kubadda kolayga (Unicorns Basketball Team), Kubadda cagta, Tenis, Kubadda laliska. == Dugsiyada == Dugsiyada caanka ah ee gobolka waxaa ka mid ah: # St. Francis Xavier Junior Seminary # St. Francis Girls of Assisi # St. Michael Boys - Nandom # St. Ignatius of Loyola SHS # Queen of Peace SHS # lawra Senior High School # [[Kanton Senior High School]] # Wa Senior High School # Wa Senior High Technical School # UBIDS oo hore u ahaan jirtay UDS # Jirapa Nursing Training College # [[Jahan Training College]] # [[Wa Technical University]], iwm. == Qaybaha maamulka == Maamulka siyaasadeed ee gobolku wuxuu maraa nidaamka dawladda hoose. Nidaamkan maamul, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyaa 11 MMDA's (oo ka kooban 0 degmo-magaalo, 5 [[Degmo-Magaalo|Degmooyin]] iyo 6 degmo caadi ah).<ref>{{cite web|title=Upper West|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/ghana/admin/10__upper_west/|access-date=27 May 2021|publisher=citypopulation.de}}</ref> Degmo kasta, Degmo-Magaalo, ama Gole, waxaa maamula Madaxa fulinta, kaas oo matalaya dawladda dhexe laakiin awood ka helaya Gole uu hoggaamiyo xubin guddoomiye ah oo laga soo dhex doortay xubnaha laftooda. Liiska hadda waa sida soo socota: [[Image:Districts of the Upper West Region (2012).svg|thumb|right|500px|Degmooyinka Gobolka Galbeedka Sare]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Degmooyinka Gobolka Galbeedka Sare |- ! # ! Magaca MMDA ! Caasimad ! Nooca MMDA ! Dadka |- ! 1 | [[Degmada Daffiama Bussie Issa|Daffiama-Bussie-Issa]] | [[Issa, Ghana|Issa]] | Caadi | 38,754 (2021) |- ! 2 | [[Degmada Jirapa Municipal|Jirapa]] | [[Jirapa]] | Degmo-Magaalo | 106,874 |- ! 3 | [[Degmada Lambussie Karni|Lambussie-Karni]] | [[Lambussie]] | Caadi | 51,118 (2021) |- ! 4 | [[Degmada Lawra Municipal|Lawra]] | [[Lawra]] | Degmo-Magaalo | 58,433 |- ! 5 | [[Degmada Nadowli-Kaleo|Nadowli-Kaleo]] | [[Nadowli]] | Caadi | 77,057 (2021) |- ! 6 | [[Degmada Nandom Municipal|Nandom]] | [[Nandom]] | Degmo-Magaalo | 51,328 |- ! 7 | [[Degmada Sissala East Municipal|Sissala East]] | [[Tumu, Ghana|Tumu]] | Degmo-Magaalo | 80,619 (2021) |- ! 8 | [[Degmada Sissala West|Sissala West]] | [[Gwollu]] | Caadi | 63,828 (2021) |- ! 9 | [[Degmada Wa East|Wa East]] | [[Funsi]] | Caadi | 91,457 (2021) |- ! 10 | [[Degmada Wa Municipal|Wa Municipal]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contractors who do shoddy work to pay more for maintenance - Roads Minister warns - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/contractors-who-do-shoddy-work-to-pay-more-for-maintenance-roads-minister-warns/|access-date=2021-05-20|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> | '''[[Wa, Ghana|Wa]]''' | Degmo-Magaalo | 200,672 (2021) |- ! 11 | [[Degmada Wa West|Wa West]] | [[Wechiau]] | Caadi | 96,957 (2021) |- |}{{clear}} == Muwaadiniin caan ah == Muwaadiniinta caanka ah ee gobolka Galbeedka Sare waxaa ka mid ah: * Madaxweyne [[Hilla Limann|Dr. Hilla Limann]] oo ka yimid Gwollu * Cardinal [[Peter Poreku Dery]] oo ka yimid Nandom * Hon. [[Joseph Yieleh Chireh]] oo ka yimid [[Wa West (Ghana parliament constituency)|Wa West]] * [[Peter Nanfuri]] oo ka yimid Jirapa * [[Kwesi Nyantakyi]] oo ka yimid Wa * [[Samini]] oo ka yimid Wa-Sombo * [[Wiyaala]] oo ka yimid Funsi * [[Benjamin Kunbuor]] oo ka yimid Nandom * Rt. Hon. [[Alban Bagbin|Alban Sumana Kingsford Bagbin]] oo ka yimid Sombo * [[Ambrose Dery]] oo ka yimid [[Nandom]] * Chief [[Simon Diedong Dombo]] oo ka yimid Jirapa * [[Yonny Kulendi|Justice Yonni Kulendi]] oo ka yimid Issa * [[Abdul-Rashid Pelpuo|Hon. Dr. Rashid Pelpuo]] oo ka yimid Wa == Dabaaldegyada Gobolka Galbeedka Sare == Dabaaldegyada ka dhaca Gobolka Galbeedka Sare waxaa ka mid ah:<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-02-24|title=Upper West Region|url=https://touringghana.com/upper-west-region/|access-date=2020-01-28|website=touringghana.com|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Dabaaldegga Damba]] *[[Dabaaldegga Dumba]] *Dabaaldegga Paaragbiele *[[Dabaaldegga Kobine]] *Dabaaldegga Kakube *Dabaaldegga Gologo/Golib *Dabaaldegga Fao *Dabaaldegga Kalibi *Dabaaldegga Samanpiid *Dabaaldegga Feok *Dabaaldegga Adaakoya *Dabaaldegga Kuure *Dabaaldegga Tengana *Dabaaldegga Boaram == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons}} * {{statoids|id=ygh|title=Degmooyinka Ghana}} * [https://www.ghanadistricts.com/ GhanaDistricts.com] {{coord|10|20|N|2|15|W|region:GH_type:adm1st|display=title}} {{Authority control}} 1z7tdr0d0w5s0eh5q20gwbkxl766151 0 49170 302181 2026-07-13T11:11:36Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Geita | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Geita}}}} | nicknames = Gobolka Dahabka, Gobolka Dahabiga ee Tanzania<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.esrf.or.tz/docs/GeitaRegionInvestementGuide.pdf|title= Geita Overview| publisher= Xafiiska Madaxweynaha ee Maamulka Gobolka iyo Dawladda Hoose|page= 24 |year=2019| access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref> | settlement_type = [[Gobolada Tanzania|Gobol]] | named_for = Geita <!-- images and maps ----------->| image_skyline = M.V. Sengerema.JPG | image_caption = Markabka ka socda Mwanza ilaa Geita | image_map = Tanzania Geita Region location map.svg | map_caption = Goobta uu ku yaallo Tanzania | coordinates = {{coord|2|49|27.12|S|32|15|55.44|E|type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = Aagga | subdivision_name1 = Haro | established_title = Gobolka Maamulka | established_date = 2012 | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Geita Municipal]] | leader_title = Guddoomiyaha Gobolka | leader_name = Martin Reuben Shigela | leader_title1 = Kaaliyaha Maamulka | leader_name1 = Godius Walter Kayharara | parts_type = [[Degmooyinka Tanzania|Degmooyin]] | p1 = [[Geita|Geita Urban]] | p2 = [[Bukombe District|Degmada Bukombe]] | p3 = [[Chato District|Degmada Chato]] | p4 = [[Geita District|Degmada Geita]] | p5 = [[Mbogwe District|Degmada Mbogwe]] | p6 = [[Nyang'hwale District|Degmada Nyang'hwale]] <!-- square kilometers -->| area_total_km2 = 20054 | area_rank = [[Gobolada Tanzania|21 ka mid ah 31]] | elevation_max_m = 1519 | elevation_max_point = Mula <!-- Population ----------------------->| population_total = 2,977,608 | population_as_of = 2022 tirakoob | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = [[Gobolada Tanzania|7 ka mid ah 31]] | population_footnotes = {{r|2016_census|p=11}} | demographics_type1 = [[Liiska qabaa'ilka Tanzania|Qabaa'ilka]] | demographics1_title1 = Dadka soo degay | demographics1_info1 = [[Dadka Sawaaxiliga|Sawaaxili]] & [[Dadka Sukuma|Sukuma]] | demographics1_title2 = Dadka u dhashay | demographics1_info2 = [[Dadka Zinza|Zinza]], [[Dadka Sumbwa|Sumbwa]] & [[Dadka Haya|Haya]] | population_demonym = Geitan | timezone1 = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Koodhka boostada | postal_code = 30xxx | area_code = 028 | iso_code = TZ-27 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] (2021) | blank_info_sec1 = 0.523<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref><br />{{color|#900|hoose}} · [[Liiska gobolada Tanzania ee Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|17 ka mid ah 25]] | website = {{URL|https://geita.go.tz |Bogga rasmiga ah}} | module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes |country = Tanzania |mammal = [[File:Topi (Damaliscus lunatus jimela) male.jpg|50px|left]] [[Topi]] |bird = [[File:African fish eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer) Zimbabwe.jpg|50px|left]] [[Gorgorka kalluumaysatada ee Afrika]] |fish = Christmas Fulu ([[Haplochromis phytophagus|Xystichromis phytophagus]]) |butterfly = [[File:Turquoise-spotted swallowtail (Graphium policenes) male Bobiri.jpg|50px|left]][[Graphium policenes]] |tree = [[File:Moringa stenopetala tree trunk, Koko Crater Botanical Garden.jpg|50px|left]] [[Moringa stenopetala]] |mineral = [[File:Gold-48252.jpg|50px|left]][[Dahab]] }} }} '''Gobolka Geita''' (''Mkoa wa Geita'' ee [[Af-Sawaaxili|Sawaaxili]]) waa mid ka mid ah 31 [[Gobolada Tanzania|gobol maamuleed]] ee [[Tanzania]]. Gobolku wuxuu daboolayaa bed dhan {{cvt|20,054|km2}}.{{Cite web|url=https://geita.go.tz |title=Cabirka Gobolka Geita}} Gobolku wuxuu la mid yahay baaxadda dhulka la isku daray ee wadanka [[Slovenia]].<ref>{{Convert|20,151|km2|abbr=on}} ee Slovenia at {{cite web| url=https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/countries_by_area.htm|title= Isbarbardhigga cabirka bedka| publisher=Nations Online| year=2022| access-date=3 September 2022}}</ref> Gobolka Geita waxaa xuduud la leh dhanka bari [[Harada Victoria]], [[Gobolka Mwanza]] iyo [[Gobolka Shinyanga]]. Gobolka waxaa xuduud la leh [[Gobolka Tabora]] iyo [[Gobolka Kigoma]] dhanka koonfur iyo koonfur galbeed. Ugu dambeyntii, Gieta waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Gobolka Kagera]] dhanka galbeed. Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobka qaran ee 2022, gobolku wuxuu lahaa 2,977,608 oo qof, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa 5-ta gobol ee ugu sarreeya heerka koritaanka dadweynaha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/index.php/sw/sensa-2022/807-matokaeo-ya-mwanzo-ya-sensa-ya-watu-na-makazi-ya-mwaka-2022|title=Matokeo ya Mwanzo ya Sensa ya Watu na Makazi}}</ref> Magaalada gobolka (caasimadda) waa magaalada [[Geita]]. Gobolka waxaa loogu magac daray magaalada Geita lafteeda. Gobolku waa hoyga warshadaha ugu waaweyn [[dahabka]] ee Tanzania wuxuuna sidoo kale ahaa hoyga madaxweynihii shanaad ee Tanzania, marxuum [[John Magufuli]].{{r|Magu_hist}} == Juqraafi == Gobolka Geita wuxuu daboolayaa bed dhan {{cvt|20,054|km2}}. Gobolku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa loolka 2°8' iyo 3°28' Koonfurta [[dhulbadhaha]] iyo dhigaha 31° 15' iyo 32° 48' Bari ee Greenwich, Gobolka Geita wuxuu ku yaallaa waqooyi-galbeed ee Tanzania. Waxa uu xuduud la leeyahay shan [[Gobolada Tanzania|gobol]] oo kale: Gobolka Kagera dhanka galbeed iyo waqooyi-galbeed; Gobolada Tabora iyo Shinyanga dhanka koonfur; Gobolka Shinyanga dhanka koonfur-bari; Gobolka Kigoma dhanka koonfur iyo koonfur-galbeed; iyo Gobolka Mwanza dhanka waqooyi iyo waqooyi-bari. Gobolku waa 1,100 ilaa 1,300 mitir ka sarreeya heerka badda. Dhanka waqooyi, biyaha Harada Victoria ayaa sidoo kale ku wareegsan aagga.{{r|Geita_stats}}{{r|Geita_geo}}{{r|Geita_invGuide}} === Cimilada === Gobolka Geita wuxuu helaa inta u dhaxaysa {{cvt|900|mm|abbr=on}} iyo {{cvt|1200|mm|abbr=on}} oo roob ah sannadkii. Inta u dhaxaysa xilliga roobka iyo xilliga abaarta heerkulku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa {{cvt|22|C|abbr=on}} iyo {{cvt|30|C|abbr=on}}. Xilliga roobka ugu weyn waa Febraayo ilaa Maajo, iyadoo xilliga roobka yar uu u dhexeeyo Sebtembar iyo Disembar. Xilliga abaarta waa laga bilaabo Juun ilaa Sebtembar.{{r|Geita_history}} == Taariikh == Aaggan waxaa la abuuray bishii Maarso 2012 qaybo ka mid ah Gobolada Shinyanga, Kagera, iyo Mwanza. Waxaa la abuuray lix gole guud ahaan, mid ka mid ah waa golaha magaalada, iyo shan degmo oo ka yimid qaybo ka mid ah [[Gobolka Shinyanga|Shinyanga]], [[Gobolka Mwanza|Mwanza]], iyo [[Gobolka Kagera|Kagera]].{{r|Geita_overview}}{{r|DN_newRC_DC}}{{r|Geita_history}} == Tirakoobka dadka == Aagga uu hadda yahay Gobolka Geita waxaa deganaa [[Dadka Bantu|Bantu]] kumanaan sano. Inta badan dadku waa [[Dadka Sukuma|Basukuma]] iyo [[Dadka Sumbwa|Sumbwa]]. Waxa kale oo jira dad badan oo [[Dadka Haya|Haya]], [[Dadka Zinza|Zinza]], iyo [[Dadka Nyamwezi|Nyamwezi]] oo ku nool gobolka. Aaggu waa hoyga awoowayaasha dadka Zinza ee ku nool xeebta Harada Victoria.{{r|Zaramo}}{{r|Geita_invGuide}} Sannadkii 2016 [[Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka (Tanzania)|Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka ee Tanzania]] wuxuu soo sheegay inay gobolka ku nool yihiin 1,932,230 qof, oo ka yimid 1,739,530 sannadkii 2012.{{r|2016_census|p=11}}{{r|2012_census|p=219}} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Tirakoob !Dadka |- |2002 | style="text-align:right;" |1,337,718 |- |2012 | style="text-align:right;" |1,739,530 |- |2022 | style="text-align:right;" |2,977,608 |} == Dhaqaalaha == Dhaqaalaha Geita waxaa ku badan warshadaha soo saarista gaar ahaan [[dahabka]] macdanta. [[Geita Gold Mine]] waa hawlgalka macdan qodista ugu weyn ee ku yaalla Gobolka Geita, 4&nbsp;km galbeed ka xigta magaalada [[Geita]]. Macdanta waxaa hadda iska leh oo maamula [[AngloGold Ashanti]]. Warshadaha kale ee waaweyn ee gobolka waa beeraha iyo kalluumeysiga.{{r|Anglo_gold}}{{r|Geita_invGuide}} Laba waddo oo waaweyn ayaa dhex mara gobolka oo ka yimaada bari ilaa galbeed: wadada T3 (laga bilaabo [[Kahama, Tanzania|Kahama]] ilaa xuduudda [[Rwanda]]), waxay martaa koonfurta gobolka, halka wadada T4 (laga bilaabo [[Mwanza]] ilaa [[Bukoba]]) ay martaa waqooyiga gobolka.{{r|Geita_roads}} [[Beerta Qaranka ee Rubondo Island]] waxay ku taallaa jasiirad ku taal [[Harada Victoria]] taas oo qayb ka ah Gobolka Geita. Waxaa lagu gaari karaa markab ka yimaada Degmooyinka Geita iyo Chato.{{r|TZ_natParks}} Hadda [[Kigongo–Busisi Bridge]] ayaa la dhisayaa si loogu xiro [[Gobolka Mwanza]] Gobolka Geita iyadoo la marayo Gacanka Mwanza ee [[Harada Victoria]].{{r|KB_bridge1}}{{r|KB_bridge2}} == Qaybaha maamulka == Gobolku wuxuu leeyahay 6 degmo oo gole ah, 122 [[Wards of Tanzania|wards]], 474 tuulo, iyo 2,219 xaafadood.{{r|Geita_history}} === Degmooyin === Gobolka Geita wuxuu u qaybsamaa lix gole. Hal gole oo magaalo ah oo Geita ah, iyo 5 gole oo degmooyin ah:{{r|Geita_postcode}}{{r|DN_newRC_DC}}{{r|2016_census|p=11}} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="7" | Degmooyinka Gobolka Geita |- style="text-align:center;" ! Khariidadda leh wadooyinka waaweyn ee cagaaran ! style="width: 10em" | Degmada ! style="width: 8em" | Dadka<br />(2016){{r|2016_census|p=11}} |- | rowspan=7 | [[File:Tanzania Geita Region location map.svg|350px]] | [[Geita|Geita Town]] | style="text-align:right;" | 192,541 |- | [[Bukombe District|Degmada Bukombe]] | style="text-align:right;" | 249,416 |- | [[Chato District|Degmada Chato]] | style="text-align:right;" | 405,575 |- | [[Geita District|Degmada Geita]] | style="text-align:right;" | 704,542 |- | [[Mbogwe District|Degmada Mbogwe]] | style="text-align:right;" | 215,404 |- | [[Nyang'hwale District|Degmada Nyang'hwale]] | style="text-align:right;" | 164,750 |- | '''Wadarta''' | style="text-align:right;" | '''1,932,230''' |} == Gallery == {{Gallery | title = Gobolka Geita | align = center | File:Geita open pit gold mine.jpg | Geita Gold Mine | File:TANAPA Land Rover Defender.jpg | [[Beerta Qaranka ee Rubondo Island|Rubondo Island]] ee Geita | File:Geita Airstrip.jpg | Garoonka diyaaradaha ee Geita sannadkii 2005. | File:Hippos on Rubondo Island.jpg | [[Beerta Qaranka ee Rubondo Island|Rubondo Island]] iyo [[Harada Victoria]], oo leh [[Hippopotamus|jeer]] gadaasha. }} == Dadka caanka ah ee ka yimid Gobolka Geita == * [[John Magufuli]] - Madaxweynihii shanaad ee Tanzania == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs= <ref name="Geita_history">{{cite web |title=History |url=https://geita.go.tz/history |website=Mkoa wa Geita |access-date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617003118/https://geita.go.tz/history |archive-date=17 June 2022 |location=Geita Region |language=sw |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Geita_stats>{{Cite web|url=https://geita.go.tz/statistics|title=Cabirka Gobolka Geita}}</ref> <ref name=Magu_hist>{{cite web|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/magufuli-the-african-giant-a-peasant-s-son-who-became-president-3327116 |title= Taariikhda kooban ee Magufuli| publisher= Citizen Tanzania| year=2020| access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref> <ref name="2016_census">{{Cite report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |title=2016 Makadirio ya Idadi ya Watu katika Majimbo ya Uchaguzi kwa Mwaka 2016, Tanzania Bara. |trans-title=Qiyaasta Dadweynaha ee Aagga Maamulka ee Sannadka 2016, Dhulweynaha Tanzania |date=2016-04-01 |publisher=[[Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka (Tanzania)|Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka]] |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |page= |language=sw |access-date=2022-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227102333/https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |archive-date=2021-12-27 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="2012_census">{{Cite report |url=http://tanzania.countrystat.org/fileadmin/user_upload/countrystat_fenix/congo/docs/Census%20General%20Report-2012PHC.pdf |title=2012 Population and Housing Census - Population Distribution by Administrative Areas. |date=2013-03-01 |publisher=[[Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka (Tanzania)|Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka]] |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |page= |language=en |access-date=2022-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326183741/http://tanzania.countrystat.org/fileadmin/user_upload/countrystat_fenix/congo/docs/Census%20General%20Report-2012PHC.pdf |archive-date=2022-03-26 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Geita_geo>{{cite web|url=https://www.esrf.or.tz/docs/GeitaRegionInvestementGuide.pdf|title= Juqraafida Geita| publisher= Xafiiska Madaxweynaha ee Maamulka Gobolka iyo Dawladda Hoose| year=2019| access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref> <ref name="DN_newRC_DC">{{Cite news|author=Staff |title=Tanzania: State Gazettes New Regions, Districts |date=9 March 2012 |newspaper=Daily News |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |url=http://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/2739-state-gazettes-new-regions-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823174437/http://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/2739-state-gazettes-new-regions-districts |archive-date=August 23, 2012 }}</ref> <ref name=Geita_overview>{{cite web|url=https://www.esrf.or.tz/docs/GeitaRegionInvestementGuide.pdf|title= Dulmarka Geita| publisher= Xafiiska Madaxweynaha ee Maamulka Gobolka iyo Dawladda Hoose| year=2019| access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref> <ref name=Zaramo>{{cite web| url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803133512280|title= The Zaramao| publisher= Oxford| year=2022| access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref> <ref name=Anglo_gold>{{cite web|title=AngloGold Ashanti in Tanzania|url=http://www.anglogoldashanti.com/en/About-Us/Regionsandoperations/Tanzania/Pages/default.aspx|website=AngloGold Ashanti|access-date=21 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911152632/http://www.anglogoldashanti.com/en/About-Us/Regionsandoperations/Tanzania/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=11 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=Geita_roads>{{cite web|title=Shabakadda Wadooyinka Geita|url=http://tanroads.go.tz/uploads/documents/en/1446555364-Geita.pdf|website=Tanroads|access-date=21 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202052229/http://tanroads.go.tz/uploads/documents/en/1446555364-Geita.pdf|archive-date=2 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="TZ_natParks">{{cite web|title=Beerta Qaranka ee Rubondo Island|url=http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/rubondo.html|website=Tanzania National Parks|access-date=21 September 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929175430/http://tanzaniaparks.com/rubondo.html|archive-date=29 September 2012}}</ref> <ref name="KB_bridge1">{{cite web| url=https://www.tanzaniainvest.com/transport/kigongo-busisi-bridge-mwanza |title=Dhismaha Kigongo-Busisi Bridge ee Harada Victoria ayaa bilaabmay |work=Tanzania Invest |date=9 December 2019 | author=Tanzania Invest |access-date=6 July 2021 |place=Dar es Salaam}}</ref> <ref name="KB_bridge2">{{cite web| date=16 December 2019 | url=https://www.bridgeweb.com/Work-begins-on-3.2km-bridge-over-Lake-Victoria/6140 |title=Shaqadu waxay ka bilaabataa buundada 3.2km ee harada Victoria |work=Bridge Design & Engineering |author=Bridgeweb | access-date=6 July 2021 |location=United Kingdom}}</ref> <ref name="Geita_postcode">{{cite web |title=Koodhka Boostada ee Geita |url=https://www.tcra.go.tz/uploads/text-editor/files/Geita%2030000_1622732702.pdf |publisher=[[Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority]] |access-date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729090141/https://www.tcra.go.tz/uploads/text-editor/files/Geita%2030000_1622732702.pdf |archive-date=29 July 2022 |location=[[Dodoma, Tanzania]] |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Geita_invGuide">{{cite report |last1=Magalula |first1=Magalula S. |title=Geita Investment Profile 2013 |type=District Plan |url=https://geita.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/590/b2f/0f9/590b2f0f90da7867881819.pdf |website=Geita Region |publisher=Geita Regional Council |access-date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617004245/https://geita.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/590/b2f/0f9/590b2f0f90da7867881819.pdf |archive-date=17 June 2022 |location=Geita Region |language=en |date=2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> }} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Sister project links | wikt=no | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=no | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=no | mw=no | display=Gobolka Geita}} * {{URL|http://geita.go.tz/|Bogga rasmiga ah}} {{Authority control}} c44gxt5yur9l2fw7rjifghetnpizajd 0 49171 302182 2026-07-13T11:13:51Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Iringa | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Iringa}}}} | nickname = Koobka Shaaha ee Tanzania | settlement_type = [[Gobolada Tanzania|Gobol]] | named_for = Magaalada Iringa <!-- images and maps ----------->| image_skyline = {{Photomontage |photo1a = Landscape at Mufindi, Tanzania.jpg |photo2a = University of Iringa Library.jpg |photo3a = Ruaha River Lodge (2) (28954734581).jpg |spacing = 2 |space = 2 |size = 225 |position = center |color_border = white |color = white | foot_montage = '''Laga bilaabo kor ilaa hoos:'''<br /> muuqaallada beeraha shaaha ee [[Degmada Mufindi]], Maktabadda [[Jaamacadda Iringa]] & [[Beerta Qaranka ee Ruaha]] oo ku taal woqooyiga Iringa}} | image_map = Iringa in Tanzania.svg | map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Tanzania | coordinates = {{coord|7|46|5.16|S|35|41|9.96|E|type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = Aagga | subdivision_name1 = Buuraleyda Koonfureed | established_title = Gobolka Maamulka | established_date = 2012 | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Iringa]] | parts_type = [[Degmooyinka Tanzania|Degmooyin]] | p1 = [[Degmada Magaalada Iringa]] | leader_title = Guddoomiyaha Gobolka | leader_name = [[Halima Dendego]] | p2 = [[Degmada Miyiga Iringa]] | p3 = [[Degmada Kilolo]] | p4 = [[Mafinga|Degmada Mafinga]] | p5 = [[Degmada Mufindi]] <!-- square kilometers -->| area_total_km2 = 35,503 | area_rank = [[Gobolada Tanzania|24 ka mid ah 31]] | elevation_max_m = 2,489 | elevation_max_point = Luhombero <!-- Population ----------------------->| population_total = 1,192,728 | population_as_of = 2022 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = [[Gobolada Tanzania|12 ka mid ah 31]] | demographics_type1 = [[Liiska qabaa'ilka Tanzania|Qabaa'ilka]] | demographics1_title1 = Dadka soo degay | demographics1_info1 = [[Dadka Sawaaxiliga|Sawaaxili]] | demographics1_title2 = Dadka u dhashay | demographics1_info2 = [[Dadka Hehe|Hehe]] | population_demonym = Iringan | timezone1 = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Koodhka boostada | postal_code = 51xxx | area_code = 026 | iso_code = TZ-04 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:TZ|title= ISO 3166|publisher=ISO|access-date=2022-07-10}}</ref> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] (2021) | blank_info_sec1 = 0.577<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=2018-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref><br/>{{color|#fc0|dhex-dhexaad}} · [[Liiska gobolada Tanzania ee Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|7 ka mid ah 25]] | website = {{URL|http://iringa.go.tz/|Bogga rasmiga ah}} | module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes |country = Tanzania |mammal = [[File:Tragelaphus strepsiceros ♂ (head).jpg|50px|left]] [[Greater Kudu]] |bird = [[Udzungwa forest partridge]] |fish = [[File:Hydrocynus tanzaniae.jpg|50px|left]] [[Hydrocynus tanzaniae]] |butterfly = [[File:Common leopard butterfly.jpg|50px|left]] [[Phalanta phalantha|Common leopard butterfly]] |tree = [[File:Markhamia lutea 0zz.jpg|50px|left]] [[Markhamia lutea|Nile tulip]] |mineral = [[File:Nickel electrolytic and 1cm3 cube.jpg|50px|left]][[Nickel]] }} }} '''Gobolka Iringa''' ({{langx|sw|Mkoa wa Iringa}}) waa mid ka mid ah 31 [[Gobolada Tanzania|gobol maamuleed]] ee [[Tanzania]]. Gobolku wuxuu daboolayaa bed dhan {{cvt|35,503|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iringa.go.tz/|title=Cabirka Gobolka Iringa}}</ref> Gobolku wuxuu la mid yahay baaxadda dhulka la isku daray ee wadanka [[Guinea Bissau]].<ref>{{Convert|36,125|km2|abbr=on}} ee Guinea Bissau at {{cite web| url=https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/countries_by_area.htm|title= Isbarbardhigga cabirka bedka| publisher=Nations Online| year=2022| access-date=10 July 2022}}</ref> Gobolka Iringa waxaa xuduud la leh dhanka bari [[Gobolka Morogoro]] iyo koonfurta [[Gobolka Njombe]]. Dhanka galbeed gobolka waxaa xuduud la leh [[Gobolka Mbeya]]. [[Gobolka Dodoma]] iyo [[Gobolka Singida]] waxay Iringa xuduud la leeyihiin dhanka woqooyi. Caasimadda gobolka waa magaalada [[Iringa]] oo magaalada loogu magac daray.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iringa.go.tz/|title=Caasimadda Iringa| year=2022| access-date=10 July 2022}}</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobka 2022, gobolku wuxuu leeyahay dadweyne dhan 1,192,728.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania: Gobolada iyo Magaalooyinka - Tirakoobka Dadweynaha, Khariidadaha, Jaantusyada, Cimilada iyo Macluumaadka Webka |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/tanzania/cities/ |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tanzania.countrystat.org/fileadmin/user_upload/countrystat_fenix/congo/docs/Census%20General%20Report-2012PHC.pdf|title=2012 Warbixinta Guud ee Tirakoobka Dadweynaha iyo Guryaha|publisher=Dawladda [[Tanzania]]|access-date=2022-07-10|archive-date=2022-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326183741/http://tanzania.countrystat.org/fileadmin/user_upload/countrystat_fenix/congo/docs/Census%20General%20Report-2012PHC.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gobolka Iringa waa hoyga [[Beerta Qaranka ee Ruaha]], oo ah beerta labaad ee ugu weyn Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ruahanationalpark.com/|title=Beerta Qaranka ee Ruaha| year=2022| access-date=10 July 2022}}</ref> == Juqraafi == [[Joogga]] Iringa wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 900 ilaa 2,300 mitir ka sarreeya heerka badda. Hoos u dhac weyn oo gaari kara 800 mitir oo dherer ah isla markaana ah qaybta bari ee [[Great Rift Valley]] ayaa ku wareegsan aagga dhinac walba. Sidaa darteed Iringa waxay ku taallaa buuraleyda koonfureed ee Tanzania, oo xuduud la leh meelaha Mbeya, Njombe, Morogoro, Dodoma, iyo Singida.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fsdt.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Finscope_Iringa.pdf|title=Caasimadda Iringa| year=2022| access-date=10 July 2022}}</ref> Gobolka waxaa waraabiya webiyada Little Ruaha iyo [[Webiga Great Ruaha|Great Ruaha]]. Harada ay abuurtay [[Mtera Dam]] waa qaybta kale ee muhiimka ah ee biyaha halkan.<ref name=SEP>{{cite web|title=Gobolka Iringa muuqaal dhaqaale-bulsho, 2013|url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/SocialEconomicProfiles/IringaRegionalProfile%202013.zip|date=2013|access-date=October 17, 2016|publisher=Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka iyo Xoghaynta Gobolka Iringa|archive-date=October 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019211507/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/SocialEconomicProfiles/IringaRegionalProfile%202013.zip|url-status=live}}</ref> Gobolka waxaa loo qaybin karaa saddex aag - buuraleyda, dhulka dhexe iyo dhulka hoose. Aagga buuraleyda ah ayaa ku wajahan bari ee gobolka. Aaggani wuxuu la kulmaa xilli roobaad inta u dhaxaysa Noofembar iyo Maajo iyadoo roobabka sanadlaha ah ay u dhexeeyaan {{convert|500|-|1500|mm|in|abbr=on}}. Muddada u dhaxaysa Juun iyo Sebtembar waa qabow iyo qalalan. Aagga dhexe, ee qaybta dhexe ee gobolka, wuxuu ku yaallaa dhererka {{convert|1200|-|1600|m|ft|abbr=on}} ka sarreeya heerka badda wuxuuna wajahaa inta u dhaxaysa {{convert|600|-|1000|mm|in|abbr=on}} oo roob ah sannad kasta. Ugu dambeyntii, aagga dhulka hoose, oo dhererkiisu yahay {{convert|900|-|1200|m|ft|abbr=on}} wuxuu helaa inta u dhaxaysa {{convert|500|-|600|mm|in|abbr=on}} oo roob ah sannadkii.<ref name=SEP/> Qiyaastii 16% dhulka Gobolka Iringa waa kayn.<ref name=SEP/> Gobolku wuxuu martigeliyay [[Beerta Qaranka ee Ruaha]], oo caan ku ah raxan weyn oo maroodiyaal ah iyo in ka badan 400 oo nooc oo shimbiro ah. Xoolaha kale waxaa ka mid ah libaaxyo, [[sable antelope]]s iyo [[kudu]].<ref name=SEP/> Beerta labaad, [[Beerta Qaranka ee Udzungwa Mountains]] ee Degmada Miyiga Iringa, ayaa yar in la soo booqdo.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Diirada saar Tanzania|chapter=Diirada: Gobolka Iringa|year=2005|pages=16&ndash;21|chapter-url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/focusoniringaregion2005.pdf|access-date=2012-09-03|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232129/http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/focusoniringaregion2005.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> == Tirakoobka dadka == [[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-164-18.jpg|thumb|Hehe Warrior]] [[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-159-91.jpg|thumb|Adam Hapi, boqorkii hore ee Hehe ee 1960-yadii]] Gobolka Iringa wuxuu leeyahay dadweyne dhan 1,192,728.<ref name=Census>{{cite web|page=103|title=2012 tirakoobka dadweynaha iyo guryaha: qaybinta dadweynaha iyadoo loo eegayo aagagga maamulka|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612082906/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf|archive-date=June 12, 2013|publisher=Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka|url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> [[Dadka Hehe]] waa qabiilka ugu weyn ee ku nool gobolka. Dadka kale ee waaweyn waa kooxaha [[Dadka Bena|Bena]] iyo [[Dadka Kinga|Kinga]]. Pangwa, [[Dadka Chaga|Chaga]], [[Dadka Nyakyusa|Nyakyusa]] iyo [[Dadka Ngoni|Ngoni]] waxaa laga heli karaa meelaha magaalooyinka oo inta badan ku hawlan ganacsiga gobolka. dadka kale ee soo galootiga ah ee Iringa waxaa ka mid ah [[Dadka Maasai|Maasai]] iyo [[dadka sukuma|sukuma]] iyo kooxaha intooda badan waxay ku hawlan yihiin xoolo-dhaqashada.<ref name=SEP/> Gobolku wuxuu leeyahay mid ka mid ah dadka ugu koritaanka hooseeya ee Tanzania<ref name=SEP/> taas oo inta badan loo aaneynayo qax joogto ah oo ka yimid gobolkan oo loo tagay meelo badan oo magaalooyin ah sida Dar es Salaam.<ref name=SEP/> == Qaybaha maamulka == === Degmooyin === Gobolka Iringa wuxuu u qaybsamaa saddex [[Degmooyinka Tanzania|degmo]] (Iringa, Kilolo iyo Mufindi), mid kasta oo ay maamusho gole. Degmooyinka waxay leeyihiin maamullo deegaan oo ka hawlgala kormeerka. Kuwani waa saddex gole oo degmo ah, hal gole oo magaalo ah, iyo hal gole oo magaalo yar sida ku taxan shaxda:<ref name=Census/> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="7" | Degmooyinka Gobolka Iringa |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="width: 10em" | Degmada ! style="width: 8em" | Dadka<br/>(2012) |- | [[Degmada Iringa]] | style="text-align:right;" | 254,032 |- | [[Degmada Kilolo]] | style="text-align:right;" | 218,130 |- | [[Degmada Mufindi]] | style="text-align:right;" | 265,829 |- | [[Iringa|Magaalada Iringa]] | style="text-align:right;" | 151,345 |- | [[Mafinga|Magaalada Mafinga]] | style="text-align:right;" | 51,902 |- | '''Wadarta''' | style="text-align:right;" | '''941,238''' |} == Siyaasadda == Gobolka Iringa wuxuu u doortaa toddobo wakiil [[Golaha Qaranka ee Tanzania]]. Doorashadii guud ee [[Tanzania 2015]], lix murashax oo ka socda xisbiga talada haya ee [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] iyo mid ka socda [[CHADEMA]] ayaa ku guuleystay kuraastooda.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wabunge wa Kuchaguliwa 2015-2020|page=3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208070605/http://www.nec.go.tz/uploads/trends/1447074576-WABUNGE%20WALIOCHAGULIWA%202015.pdf| url=http://www.nec.go.tz/uploads/trends/1447074576-WABUNGE%20WALIOCHAGULIWA%202015.pdf |archive-date=December 8, 2015|access-date=October 17, 2016}}</ref> [[William Lukuvi]], xildhibaanka Ismani waa [[Golaha Wasiirada ee Tanzania|Wasiirka]] Dhulka, Guriyeynta iyo Horumarinta Degsiimooyinka Aadanaha. [[Gobolka Njombe]] ayaa laga gooyay Iringa bishii Maarso 2012.<ref name="DN-1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/2739-state-gazettes-new-regions-districts |title=Tanzania: State Gazettes New Regions, Districts |date=9 March 2012 |newspaper=Daily News |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |author=Staff |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823174437/http://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/2739-state-gazettes-new-regions-districts |archive-date=August 23, 2012 }}</ref> == Dhaqaalaha == Gobolka Iringa wuxuu leeyahay GDP-ga shanaad ee ugu weyn 30-ka gobol ee Tanzania. Marka qofkiiba loo eego, tirada Iringa ee 2012 oo ahayd qiyaastii TSh 1,400,000 waxay ka dhigeysaa midda labaad oo kaliya [[Gobolka Dar es Salaam]] oo ay ku jirto caasimadda Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book|title=Warbixinta Horumarinta Aadanaha ee Tanzania 2014|year=2015|page=9|publisher=[[UNDP]]|access-date=October 17, 2016|isbn=978-9987-770-00-7|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/thdr2014-main.pdf|archive-date=July 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705100113/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/thdr2014-main.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Beeraha ayaa ah udub dhexaadka dhaqaalaha Iringa oo ka kooban 85% GDP-geeda.<ref name=SEP/> Inta u dhaxaysa 2008 iyo 2011, celcelis ahaan {{convert|345,000|ha|mi2}} oo dhul ah ayaa la beeray dalagyada cuntada sanad walba. Hadhuudhku waa badarka ugu badan iyadoo qiyaastii {{convert|245,000|ha|mi2}} oo dhul ah loo qoondeeyay. Digirtu waa dalagga labaad ee ugu muhiimsan cuntada ee lagu beero {{convert|56,000|ha|mi2}}. Dalagyada lacagta caddaanka ah waxay qaataan ilaa 56,000.00 hektar iyadoo gabbaldayaha uu yahay wax soo saarka ugu weyn.<ref name=SEP/> Warshadaha Gobolka Iringa badankoodu waa kuwo yaryar oo inta badan ku yaalla degmada [[Iringa]]. Warshadaha cuntada waxay ka kooban yihiin yaanyo iyo basbaas baaraandegid, caano baaraandegid, hadhuudh shiidid. Waxa kale oo jira nijaarnimo iyo saliid baaraandegid kuwaas oo ka kooban qayb weyn oo ka mid ah cutubyada warshadaha ee laga helay gudaha Gobolka Iringa.<ref name=SEP/> == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Geline Fuko]], Qareen iyo Difaacaha Xuquuqda Aadanaha * [[Ray C]], muusikiiste == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist|30em}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Sister project links | wikt=no | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=no | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=no | mw=no | display=Gobolka Iringa}} * {{URL|http://iringa.go.tz/|Bogga rasmiga ah}} ejj011401lbts8nog38bh5qget1mfej 0 49172 302183 2026-07-13T11:16:30Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Kagera | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Kagera}}}} | nicknames = Dhulka Boqortooyooyinka; Kagera Boqortooyada | settlement_type = [[Gobolada Tanzania|Gobol]] | named_for = [[Webiga Kagera]] <!-- images and maps ----------->| image_skyline = {{Photomontage |photo1a = Untitled - panoramio - Mufumbiro Tours & Sa….jpg |photo2a = Mater Misericordiae Church - Bukoba.JPG |photo3a = Bugene Bananen.jpg |spacing = 2 |space = 2 |size = 225 |position = center |color_border = white |color = white |foot_montage = '''Laga bilaabo kor ilaa hoos:'''<br /> [[Harada Fiktooriya]] oo ku taal xeebaha Kagera, kaniisadda [[Sisters of Mercy|Mater Misericodiae]] ee Bukoba iyo muuqaal laga keenay [[Degmada Karagwe]]}} | image_map = Tanzania Kagera location map.svg | map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Tanzania | coordinates = {{coord|1|55|S|31|18|E|display=inline, title}} | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobolada Tanzania]] | established_title = La aasaasay | established_date = 1961 | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Bukoba]] | parts_type = [[Degmooyinka Tanzania|Degmooyin]] | p1 = [[Degmada Biharamulo]] | p2 = [[Degmada Miyiga ee Bukoba]] | p3 = [[Degmada Magaalada Bukoba]] | p4 = [[Degmada Karagwe]] | p5 = [[Degmada Kyerwa]] | p6 = [[Degmada Missenyi]] | p7 = [[Degmada Muleba]] | p8 = [[Degmada Ngara]] | leader_title = Guddoomiyaha Gobolka | leader_name = Fatuma Mwasa | unit_pref = Mitri | area_water_percent = 27 | area_rank = [[Gobolada Tanzania|16 ka mid ah 31]] | area_total_km2 = 35,686 | area_land_km2 = 25513 | area_water_km2 = 10173 | elevation_m = 1400 | elevation_min_m = 1135 | elevation_min_point = [[Harada Fiktooriya]] | elevation_max_m = 1917 | elevation_max_point = Katerere | population_total = 2,789,577 | population_as_of = 2016 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = [[Gobolada Tanzania|3 ka mid ah 31]] | demographics_type1 = [[Liiska qabaa'ilka Tanzania|Qabaa'ilka]] | demographics1_title1 = Dadka soo degay | demographics1_info1 = [[Dadka Sawaaxiliga|Sawaaxili]] | demographics1_title2 = Dadka u dhashay | demographics1_info2 = [[Dadka Haya|Wahaya]], [[:sw:Wanyambo|Wanyambo]], [[Dadka Shubi|Washubi]], [[Dadka Hangaza|Wahangaza]], [[Dadka Ha|Waha]], [[Dadka Zinza|Wazinza]] & Warongo. | population_demonym = Kageran | timezone1 = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Koodhka boostada | postal_code = 35xxx | area_code = 028 | iso_code = TZ-05 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] (2021) | blank_info_sec1 = 0.521<ref name="HDI_2019tzSubNat">{{cite web |title=Subnational HDI (v5.0) |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/TZA/?levels=1+4&years=2019 |website=Global Data Lab |publisher=Institute for Management Research [[Radboud University Nijmegen]] |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705223807/https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/TZA/?levels=1+4&years=2019 |archive-date=5 July 2022 |location=[[Nijmegen, Netherlands]] |url-status=live}}</ref><br/>{{color|#900|hoose}} · [[Liiska gobolada Tanzania ee Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|18 ka mid ah 25]] | website = {{URL|http://kagera.go.tz/|Bogga rasmiga ah}} | module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes |country = Tanzania |mammal = [[File:The book of antelopes (1894) Ourebia nigricaudata.png|50px|left]] [[Oribi]] |bird = [[Nyanza swift]] |fish = [[File:Pundamilia nyererei.jpg|50px|left]] [[Haplochromis nyererei]] |butterfly = [[File:Phalanta alcippe - Small Leopard - Butterfly 08.JPG|50px|left]] [[Phalanta phalantha]] |tree = [[File:Markhamia lutea at Palappuzha (3).jpg|50px|left]] [[Markhamia lutea]] |mineral = [[File:Nickel chunk.jpg|50px|left]] [[Nickel]] }} }} '''Gobolka Kagera''' (''Mkoa wa Kagera'' oo ku qoran [[Af-Sawaaxili]]) waa mid ka mid ah 31 [[Gobolada Tanzania|gobol maamuleed]] ee [[Tanzania]], bedkiisuna yahay {{cvt|35,686|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://geita.go.tz |title=Bedka Gobolka Kagera}}</ref> Gobolka Kagera waxaa dhanka bari ka xiga [[Harada Fiktooriya]], [[Gobolka Mwanza]] iyo [[Gobolka Mara]], koonfurta [[Gobolka Geita]] iyo [[Gobolka Kigoma]], galbeedka [[Rwanda]] halka waqooyiga uu xuduud kala leeyahay [[Uganda]] iyo [[Burundi]] dhanka koonfur-galbeed. Magaalada caasimadda u ah gobolka waa [[Bukoba]]. Sida lagu sheegay tirakoobka qaranka ee 2022, gobolku wuxuu lahaa dadweyne dhan 2,989,299, taas oo ah kor u kac ka yimid 2,458,023 sanadkii 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Muuqaalka wadanka Tanzania|url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/index.php/sw/sensa-2022/807-matokaeo-ya-mwanzo-ya-sensa-ya-watu-na-makazi-ya-mwaka-2022|url-status=live|access-date=31 January 2023|archive-date=2021-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831184708/http://www.clgf.org.uk/default/assets/File/Country_profiles/Tanzania.pdf}}</ref> == Eraybixinta == Gobolku magaca wuxuu ka soo qaatay [[Webiga Kagera]]. == Juqraafi == Kagera waxay xuduud la leedahay Uganda dhanka waqooyi, Rwanda iyo Burundi dhanka galbeed, iyo gobolada Tanzania ee [[Gobolka Kigoma|Kigoma]] dhanka koonfureed iyo [[Geita]] dhanka bari. [[Webiga Kagera]] wuxuu sameeyaa xuduuda gobolka ee Rwanda. Waxay u dhaxaysaa 30°25' iyo 32°40' bari, iyo 1°00' iyo 2°45' koonfur. Bedka guud waa {{convert|35686|km2}}, kaas oo {{convert|25513|km2}} uu yahay dhul, iyo 27 boqolkiiba, {{convert|10173|km2}} uu yahay biyo. Inta badan biyaha waa [[Harada Fiktooriya|Fiktooriya]], harada Ikimba, [[Harada Burigi|Burigi]], Ngono iyo [[Webiga Kagera]]. Kagera waa gobolka 15-aad ee ugu weyn Tanzania wuxuuna ka kooban yahay qiyaastii 3.3 boqolkiiba bedka dhulka Tanzania ee {{convert|885800|km2}}. Caasimadda gobolka [[Bukoba]] waxay qiyaastii {{convert|1500|km}} u jirtaa [[Dar es Salaam]].<ref name="Kagera_webHist" /> === Cimilada === Celceliska roobabka sanadlaha ah waa 500 ilaa 2000 mm, Gobolku wuxuu leeyahay qaab roobaad laba-jeer sanadkii ah laga bilaabo Maarso ilaa Maajo iyo laga bilaabo Oktoobar ilaa Noofembar. Roobabku waxay ku kala duwan yihiin 2000 mm sannadkii Bukoba ilaa 500 mm dhanka galbeed, iyadoo roobku uu ka sarreeyo xeebta Harada Fiktooriya oo uu yaraanayo markii laga fogaanayo harada iyo sidoo kale kor u kaca dhererka. Heerkulku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 20 °C ilaa 28 °C. Aagga waxaa daboolay buuro ku socda barbar-yaal xeebta harada oo u socda waqooyi ilaa koonfur.<ref name="Report2022"/> === Juolojiyada === Iyadoo ku taal [[Albertine Rift|Kivu Rift]], xagga galbeed ee labada laamood ee [[East African Rift]] oo ka gudba Tanzania, Kagera waxay la kulantaa dhaqdhaqaaqyo dhulgariir oo muhiim ah. 10 Sebtembar 2016, gobolka waxaa ku dhuftay [[dhulgariirkii Tanzania ee 2016|dhulgariir qiyaastii 5.9 ah]] kaas oo 17 qof ay ku dhinteen, ugu yaraan 250 kalena ay ku dhaawacmeen.<ref name="Mulibo_16">{{cite journal |last1=Mulibo |first1=Gabriel D. |title=Baaritaanka xoojinta macroseismic ee dhulgariirkii Kagera ee Mw5.9 Sebtembar 10, 2016: Saamaynta xoojinta saamaynta goobta |journal=[[Journal of African Earth Sciences]] |date=1 November 2019 |volume=159 |article-number=103568 |doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103568 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1464343X19302213 |access-date=2 July 2022 |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |bibcode=2019JAfES.15903568M |s2cid=200054374 |issn=1464-343X|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Bashaya_16">{{cite news |last1=Bashaya |first1=Phinias |title=Sh1.4 bilyan oo loo ururiyey badbaadayaasha dhulgariirka |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/Sh1-4-billion-raised-for-earthquake-survivors/1840340-3380484-xt9ao9/index.html |access-date=2 July 2022 |work=[[The Citizen (Tanzania)]] |publisher=[[Mwananchi Communications]] |date=14 September 2016 |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] }}</ref> Kagera waxaa lagu yaqaanaa beeraha, muuqaalka cagaaran, iyo duurjoogta. Waxay leedahay ciid duug ah oo nafaqo leh laakiin maamulka ciidda oo liita ayaa horseeday [[daalashada ciidda]] taasoo u baahan isticmaalka [[bacriminta]].<ref name="Li_21">{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Chaodong |last2=Li |first2=Zhanbin |last3=Yang |first3=Mingyi |last4=Ma |first4=Bo |last5=Wang |first5=Baiqun |editor1-last=Tchounwou |editor1-first=Paul |title=Saamaynta Grid-Scale ee Isbeddelka Cimilada iyo Saamaynta Aadanaha ee Nabaad-guurka Ciidda ee Buuraleyda Bariga Afrika (Kagera Basin) |journal=[[International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health]] |date=9 March 2021 |volume=18 |issue=5 |page=2775 |doi=10.3390/ijerph18052775 |pmid=33803377 |pmc=7967286 |issn=1660-4601|doi-access=free }}</ref> == Tirakoobka dadka == === Dadweynaha === Mid ka mid ah shanta gobol ee ugu dadka badan wadanka waa gobolka Kagera. Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobka dadweynaha iyo guryaha ee 2002, gobolku wuxuu lahaa dadweyne dhan 2,033,888, iyadoo heerka koritaanka celcelis ahaan uu ahaa 3.1%. 6.0% oo dhan reer Tanzania ee ku nool dhulka weyn ayaa laga helay gobolka.<ref name="Report2022"/> == Taariikh == Intii lagu jiray xilligii gumeysiga, gobolka waxaa loogu yeeri jiray West Lake, waxayna ka tirsanayd Gobolka Lake, oo ay ku jireen [[Gobolka Geita|Geita]], [[Gobolka Mwanza|Mwanza]], [[Shinyanga]], [[Gobolka Tabora|Tabora]], [[Gobolka Simiyu|Simiyu]], iyo [[Gobolka Mara|Mara]], gobolada. Ka dib xornimadii Gobolka Lake waa la kala jabiyay, iyadoo Kagera iyo qayb ka mid ah Geita ay noqdeen Gobolka West Lake. Ka dib [[Dagaalkii Uganda-Tanzania|Dagaalkii Kagera]] ee 1979, Gobolka West Lake waxaa loo bixiyay Gobolka Kagera.<ref name="Kagera_webHist">{{cite web |title=Historia ya Mkoa wa Kagera |trans-title=Taariikhda Gobolka Kagera |url=https://kagera.go.tz/historia |website=Mkoa wa Kagera |publisher=Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Mkoa Kagera |access-date=1 July 2022 |location=[[Bukoba, Tanzania]] |language=sw |date=2017}}</ref> Muddo dhan shan qarni, Kagera waxay hoy u ahayd sagaal boqortooyo oo kala duwan oo leh bulshooyin aad u [[hierarchical]]. Ka hor [[gumeysigii Yurub]], [[Qaxwaha|qaxwaha]] wuxuu ahaa dalag dhaqameed aagga, loo isticmaalo sifooyinkiisa kicinta iyo caadooyinka dhaqanka ee maxalliga ah. Intii lagu jiray gumeysiga, qaxwaha wuxuu ahaa dalag lacageed. [[Muuska|Muusku]] wuxuu ahaa [[cunto aasaasi ah]] gobolka. Inkasta oo uu jiray qaybsanaan shaqo oo ku salaysan jinsiga bulshada Bahaya ee dhaqameed, dumarkii xilligaas looguma fikirin inay ka hooseeyaan ragga. Dhab ahaantii dumarku waxay amreen ixtiraam gaar ah dhammaan caadooyinka dhaqameed. Tusaale ahaan, dhimashada madaxa qoyska (Nyin'enju), caadooyinka dhaxalka ayaa la raacay, "Dhaxalka Weyn" (Omusika) wuxuu lahaa inuu yeesho qof dumar ah oo loo soo xulay walaalihiis si uu u wadaago awoodiisa. Sidoo kale, dhimashada boqor xukumayay, inta lagu jiro caleemo-saarka boqorka xiga, waa inay jirtay "walaashii qaranka" (''Kinyany'engoma'') oo sidoo kale laga soo xulay walaalihiis. Boqorradu waxay ku noolaayeen daaraha waaweyn oo la ixtiraami jiray iyadoo loo arko inay yihiin xiriirka tooska ah ee ilaahyada boqortooyadooda. Awoodda sagaalka boqortooyo (Kihanja, Karagwe, Kiziba, Misenye, Bugabo, Kyamtwara, Ihangiro, Bukara iyo [[Biharamulo]]) ayaa hoos u dhacday markii [[Jarmalka|Jarmalku]] ay [[Bariga Afrika ee Jarmalka|gumeysteen Tanzania]] 1885 waxayna taageereen [[Dadka Haya|Haya]], qabiilka degmooyinka Bukoba iyo Muleba ka korreeya degmooyinka kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, boqorrada maxalliga ah ayaa awoodda ku sii jiray. Burburka boqortooyooyinkaan wuxuu yimid ka dib markii Tanzania ay heshay xornimadeeda iyo [[Madaxweynaha Tanzania|madaxweyne]] [[Julius Nyerere|Nyerere]] uu u arkay inay waxyeello u yihiin midnimada qaranka. Waxaa jiray madax loo yaqaan Omukama (eraygu wuxuu ka dhigan yahay boqor ama madax) kaas oo lagu dhalan karay awooddaas. Qaar ka mid ah madaxda caanka ah ee Kagera waxaa ka mid ah Kyamukuma, oo ahaa madaxii ugu dambeeyay ee Misenye (oo hadda ah [[Degmada Missenyi]]):<ref>Seth, Niyikiza [Isbeddelka cusub ee Haya, Dhaxalkii Babumbilo (2014)]</ref> Madaxda kale waxaa ka mid ahaa Rumanyika oo ka tirsan Karagwe, Ruhinda, Kahigi iyo madax kale oo hoose. Kahigi waa mid ka mid ah madaxda ka tanaasulay dhulkooda iyagoo la kaashanaya gumeystayaasha Jarmalka. Dalxiisyada dhaqanka ayaa diyaar u ah dalxiisayaasha soo booqda Kagera waxaana laga heli karaa caasimadda gobolka ee [[Bukoba]]. Dalxiisyadan waxaa ka mid ah booqashooyin lagu tago jardiinooyinka qaranka/kaydka dabiiciga ah ee gobolka iwm. Intii lagu jiray xukunkii Jarmalka Dr. M. Zupitza, oo markaas ahaa sarkaal caafimaad oo maxalli ah, wuxuu la kulmay dillaaca daacuunka ee Kiziba (1897–1898). Isagoo kaashanaya Dr. [[Robert Koch]], wuxuu xaqiijiyay in sababtu ay ahayd bakteeriyada la mid ah dillaaca [[Bombay]]. Markii awoodda loo wareejiyay British-ka ka dib Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, Kagera waxaa loo furay hawlgal [[Lutheran]] [[howlgalka]]. Masiixiyiin kale oo ay ku jiraan [[Roman Catholic]] ayaa yimid goor dambe. Dhaxalkoodu waa kaniisado badan oo gobolka ku yaal. Isku daygii [[Duulaankii Kagera|ku-darka Kagera]] ee Uganda 1979 wuxuu kiciyay [[Dagaalkii Uganda-Tanzania]]. == Dhaqaalaha == [[Beeraha]] waa hawsha dhaqaale ee ugu weyn, dalagyada ugu muhiimsan waa [[Digir|digirta]]. Iyadoo [[Badarka]] ay yihiin dalagga ugu badan, (42.8% ee guud ahaan bedka lagu beeray dalagyada sanadlaha ah), waxaa ku xiga xididdo iyo tuber leh (17.8%), (2.9%), dalagyada lacagta caddaanka ah (2.1%), iyo khudaarta iyo miraha leh (1.0%). Dalagyada waaweyn ee lacagta caddaanka ah waxay ahaayeen suuf. Wax soo saarka badarka ee aagga waxaa ku badan hadhuudhka, iyadoo 302,529 qoys oo gobolka ah ay beertaan hadhuudh xilliga roobka gaaban. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay ilaa 93.8% dhammaan qoysaska beeray dalagyada xilligaas.<ref name="Report2022">{{cite web| url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Agriculture/KAGERA%20REGION%20REPORT.pdf|title= Warbixinta Gobolka Kagera| publisher=Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka| year=2022| access-date= 9 October 2022}}</ref> Iibka dalagyada cuntada ayaa ka dhigan 54.0% dakhliga guud ee lacagta caddaanka ah ee qoysaska yar-yar ee Gobolka Kagera, iyadoo iibka dalagyada lacagta caddaanka ah (18.9%), dakhli kale oo joogto ah (8.7%), kalluumeysi (4.3%), iyo mushahar/saadaal (4.3%). Ganacsiyada yaryar waxay ahaayeen isha ugu weyn ee dakhliga kaliya 3.4% qoysaska yaryar, waxaa ku xiga iibka xoolaha (2.5%), xawaaladaha lacagta caddaanka ah (2.0%), iibka alaabta kaynta (0.7%), iyo iibka alaabta xoolaha (0.6%).<ref name="Report2022"/> Kagera sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu weyn [[qaxwaha]] soo saarayaasha dalka. Muleba oo leh 26%), Karagwe 23%), Ngara 10%), Biharamulo 1%), iyo Bukoba Urban 1%) waxay ahaayeen aagagga kale ee qaxwaha soo saara, iyadoo Bukoba Rural ay leedahay aagga ugu sarreeya 39%). (Khariidadda 3.33). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ngara (1.23 ha) waxay lahayd celceliska ugu weyn ee dhulka lagu beeray qaxwaha qoyskiiba, waxaa ku xiga Karagwe (0.32 ha), Biharamulo (0.22 ha), Muleba (0.21 ha), Bukoba Rural (0.21 ha), iyo Bukoba Urban (0.21 ha) (0.18 ha).<ref name="Report2022"/> === Duurjoogta iyo jardiinooyinka qaranka === Gobolka Kagera wuxuu leeyahay duurjoog aad u badan, oo ay ku jiraan daanyeerka baboon, giraffe, elands, yaxaasyada, hippopotamus, warthog. Shimbiraha waxaa ka mid ah [[African fish eagle]], [[hammerkop]], [[marabou stork]], [[cormorant]]. [[kingfisher]] iyo [[heron]]. Kagera waxay hoy u tahay [[Biharamulo Forest Reserve]], [[Burigi-Chato National Park]], [[Ibanda-Kyerwa National Park]], [[Rumanyika-Karagwe National Park]], [[Rubondo Island National Park]] iyo [[Saanane Island National Park]]. 2019, [[Burigi]], [[Biharamulo]] kaydka ciyaarta, iyo Lakes Burigi iyo Kimis ayaa loo cusbooneysiiyay si ay u noqdaan beerta qaranka oo leh [[Burigi-Chato National Park]]. [[Rumanyika-Karagwe National Park]] waxaa loo aqoonsaday [[Rumanyika-Karagwe National Park]] iyo [[Ibanda-Kyerwa National Park]].<ref name="TNP_21b">{{cite web |title=Jardiinooyinka Qaranka Tanzania |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.go.tz/uploads/publications/en-1581671752-TANAPA%20GENERAL%20BROCHURES%202020-WEBSITE%20(1).pdf |publisher=[[Maamulka Jardiinooyinka Qaranka Tanzania]] |access-date=10 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707225507/https://www.tanzaniaparks.go.tz/uploads/publications/en-1581671752-TANAPA%20GENERAL%20BROCHURES%202020-WEBSITE%20(1).pdf |archive-date=7 July 2022 |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]] |date=January 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> == Qaybaha maamulka == === Degmooyin === Gobolka Kagera wuxuu u qaybsamaa siddeed [[Degmooyinka Tanzania|degmo]], mid kasta oo ay maamusho gole: {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="7" | Degmooyinka Kagera |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="width: 6em" | Khariidadda ! style="width: 12em" | Degmada ! Dadka<br />(2012) ! Bedka<br />(km²) |- | rowspan=9 | [[File:Kagera-Region.svg|250px]] | [[Degmada Biharamulo]] | style="text-align:right;" | 323,486 | style="text-align:right;" | 5,627 |- | [[Degmada Miyiga ee Bukoba]] | style="text-align:right;" | 289,697 | style="text-align:right;" | |- | [[Degmada Magaalada Bukoba]] | style="text-align:right;" | 128,796 | style="text-align:right;" | |- | [[Degmada Karagwe]] | style="text-align:right;" | 332,020 | style="text-align:right;" | 7,716 |- | [[Degmada Kyerwa]] | style="text-align:right;" | 321,026 | style="text-align:right;" | |- | [[Degmada Missenyi]] | style="text-align:right;" | 202,632 | style="text-align:right;" | 2,709 |- | [[Degmada Muleba]] | style="text-align:right;" | 540,310 | style="text-align:right;" | 10,739 |- | [[Degmada Ngara]] | style="text-align:right;" | 320,056 | style="text-align:right;" | 3,744 |- ! Wadarta ! style="text-align:right;" | 2,458,023 ! style="text-align:right;" | 40,838 |} Sanadkii 2016 [[Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka (Tanzania)|Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics]] ayaa soo warisay in gobolka ay ku nool yihiin 2,789,577 qof, oo ka yimid 2,458,023 sanadkii 2012.<ref name="2012_census">{{Cite report |url=http://tanzania.countrystat.org/fileadmin/user_upload/countrystat_fenix/congo/docs/Census%20General%20Report-2012PHC.pdf |title=2012 Tirakoobka Dadweynaha iyo Guryaha - Qaybinta Dadweynaha iyadoo loo eegayo Aagagga Maamulka. |date=1 March 2013 |publisher=[[Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka (Tanzania)|Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka]] |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |page= |access-date=3 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326183741/http://tanzania.countrystat.org/fileadmin/user_upload/countrystat_fenix/congo/docs/Census%20General%20Report-2012PHC.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2016_census">{{Cite report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |title=2016 Makadirio ya Idadi ya Watu katika Majimbo ya Uchaguzi kwa Mwaka 2016, Tanzania Bara. |trans-title=Qiyaasta Dadweynaha ee Aagagga Maamulka ee Sanadka 2016, Tanzania Bara |date=1 April 2016 |publisher=[[Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka (Tanzania)|Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka]] |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |page= |language=sw |access-date=3 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227102333/https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> == Dadka caanka ah ee Gobolka Kagera == *[[Ali Mufuruki]], ganacsade iyo af-hayeenka dhiirigelinta *[[Claver Kamanya]], ciyaaryahan iyo bilad-guuleyste 400m * [[Anna Tibaijuka]], siyaasi * [[Laurean Rugambwa]], kaarinalka kaniisadda Katooliga * [[Saida Karoli]], muusikiiste * [[Josiah Kibira (filmmaker)|Josiah Kibira]], sameeyaha filimada * [[Justinian Rweyemamu]], aqoonyahan iyo dhaqaaleyahan [https://muckrack.com/james-kamala James Kamala], Suxufi == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Sister project links | wikt=no | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=no | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=no | mw=no | display=Kagera}} * {{URL|http://kagera.go.tz/|Bogga rasmiga ah}} * [http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regions/kagera/index.html Jamhuuriyadda Midowga Tanzania: Gobolka Kagera] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20031215151044/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/census/census/kagera.htm Bogga Gobolka Kagera ee Tirakoobka Qaranka Tanzania ee 2002] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061003123910/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/govdirf.html Database-ka Hagaha Dawladda Tanzania] 3tldh5i2qlmt7xj2mvtc5251fz0gfmf 0 49173 302184 2026-07-13T11:18:52Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Gobolka Katavi |native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Katavi}}}} |nicknames = Ruuxa Harada Tanganyika; Gobolka Dabiiciga ah |settlement_type = [[Gobolada Tanzania|Gobol]] <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = {{Photomontage |photo1a = Katavi sunset.jpg |photo2a = Hippo fight 3 3 (5158417336).jpg |photo3a = Sunset over Lake Tanganyika (5943082022).jpg |spacing = 2 |space = 2 |size = 225 |position = center |color_border = white |color = white |foot_montage = '''Laga bilaabo kor ilaa hoos:'''<br /> Qorrax dhaca Katavi, [[Jeer|Jeerta]] Katavi oo ku sugan [[Beerta Qaranka ee Katavi]] iyo qorrax dhaca ka dul dhacay [[Harada Tanganyika]] ee galbeedka Katavi}} |image_map = Tanzania Katavi location map.svg |map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Tanzania <!-- Location ------------------> |coordinates = {{coord|6|22|3.72|S|31|15|45.36|E|type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}} |subdivision_type = Waddan |subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} |subdivision_type1 = Aag |subdivision_name1 = Galbeedka |established_title = Gobol |established_date = 2012 |seat_type = Caasimad |seat = [[Mpanda]] |parts_type = [[Degmooyinka Tanzania|Degmooyin]] |p1 = [[Degmada Mlele]] |p2 = [[Mpanda|Mpanda Town]] |p3 = [[Degmada Mpanda]] |p4 = [[Degmada Mpimbwe]] |p5 = [[Degmada Nsimbo]] |leader_party = [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|CCM]] |leader_title = Guddoomiyaha Gobolka |leader_name = Mwanamvua Mrindoko |unit_pref = Mitri <!-- square kilometers --> |area_total_km2 = 45,843 |area_rank = [[Gobolada Tanzania|6 ka mid ah 31]] |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |elevation_max_m = 2,130 |elevation_max_point = Kisusi <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_total = 1,152,958 |population_as_of = 2022 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_rank = [[Gobolada Tanzania|25 ka mid ah 31]] |demographics_type1 = [[Liiska qabaa'ilka Tanzania|Qabaa'ilka]] |demographics1_title1 = Dadka soo degay |demographics1_info1 = [[Dadka Sawaaxiliga|Sawaaxili]] & [[Dadka Sukuma|Sukuma]] |demographics1_title2 = Dadka u dhashay |demographics1_info2 = [[Dadka Bende|Bende]], [[Dadka Holoholo|Holoholo]], [[Dadka Konongo|Konongo]], [[Dadka Pimbwe|Pimbwe]], [[Dadka Tongwe|Tongwe]], [[Dadka Vinza|Vinza]] & [[Dadka Rungwa|Rungwa]] |population_demonym = Katavian |timezone1 = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]] |utc_offset1 = +3 |postal_code_type = Koodhka boostada |postal_code = 50xxx |area_code = 025 |iso_code = TZ-28 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:TZ|title= IS0 3166|publisher=ISO|access-date=2022-10-09}}</ref> |blank_name_sec1 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] (2021) |blank_info_sec1 = 0.483<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=2018-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref><br />{{color|#900|hoose}} · [[Liiska gobolada Tanzania ee Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|24 ka mid ah 25]] |website = {{URL|http://katavi.go.tz/|Bogga rasmiga ah}} |module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes |country = Tanzania |mammal = [[File:Hippopotamus - 04.jpg|50px|left]] [[Jeer]] |bird = [[Tanzanian masked weaver]] |fish = [[File:Neolamprologus brichardi young.jpg|50px|left]] [[Neolamprologus brichardi]] |butterfly = [[File:Dewitz 1879AfricanButterfliesTafXXVI, Charaxes guderiana, ♂.jpg|50px|left]][[Charaxes guderiana]] |tree = [[File:Rauvolfia caffra IMG 2606.JPG|50px|left]] [[Rauvolfia afra]] |mineral = [[File:Moonstone (iridescent sodic feldspar) 5.jpg|50px|left]] [[Moonstone (gemstone)|Moonstone]] }} }} '''Gobolka Katavi''' (''Mkoa wa Katavi'' oo ku qoran [[Af-Sawaaxili]]) waa mid ka mid ah 31 [[Gobolada Tanzania|gobol maamuleed]] ee [[Tanzania]]. Gobolku wuxuu daboolayaa bed dhan {{cvt|45,843|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://katavi.go.tz/|title=Bedka Gobolka Katavi}}</ref> Gobolku wuxuu la mid yahay cabbirka bedka dhulka ee wadanka [[Estonia]].<ref>{{Convert|45,227|km2|abbr=on}} ee Estonia at {{cite web| url=https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/countries_by_area.htm|title= Isbarbardhigga cabbirka bedka| publisher=Nations Online| year=2022| access-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> Gobolka Katavi waxaa dhanka waqooyi iyo galbeed ka xiga [[Gobolka Kigoma]], dhanka bari [[Gobolka Tabora]], iyo dhanka koonfur [[Gobolka Rukwa]] iyo [[Gobolka Songwe]]. Ugu dambeyntii, Katavi waxay xuduud la leedahay [[DRC]] dhanka [[Harada Tanganyika]] ee galbeedka. Gobolku magaca wuxuu ka soo qaatay Katavi, oo ah ruuxa harada Tanganyika.<ref>Iliffe, John. A Modern History of Tanganyika. Cambridge University Press, 1979.pp.204.</ref> Magaalada caasimadda u ah gobolka waa [[Mpanda]]. Sida lagu sheegay tirakoobka qaranka ee 2022, gobolku wuxuu lahaa dadweyne dhan 1,152,958.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Muuqaalka wadanka Tanzania|url=http://www.clgf.org.uk/default/assets/File/Country_profiles/Tanzania.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2022-10-09|archive-date=2021-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831184708/http://www.clgf.org.uk/default/assets/File/Country_profiles/Tanzania.pdf}}</ref> == Juqraafi == Gobolka Katavi wuxuu ku yaalaa inta u dhaxaysa Longitude 30° iyo 33° Bari ee Greenwich iyo Latitudes 5° 15° ilaa 7° 03° Koonfurta dhulbaraha. Waxaa dhanka waqooyi ka xiga [[Degmada Urambo]] (Tabora), dhanka bari [[Degmada Sikonge]] (Tabora), dhanka bari [[Degmada Chunya]] (Mbeya), dhanka koonfur [[Degmada Sumbawanga]] (Rukwa), dhanka koonfur-bari Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo (oo ay kala soocdo Harada Tanganyika), iyo dhanka waqooyi-galbeed [[Degmada Kigoma Rural|Degmada Kigoma]] (Kigoma). Dherer dhan 1,000 ilaa 2,500 mitir ka sarreeya heerka badda, Gobolka Katavi wuxuu leeyahay heerkul sanadle ah oo u dhexeeya 26 iyo 30 darajo Celsius. Celceliska roobabka sanadlaha ah waa 920 ilaa 1,200 mm. Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay bannaano jilicsan, dhufeysyo, meelo buuraley yar yar ah, buuro dhexdhexaad ah, iyo buuraleyda Mwese. Bannaanka jilicsan ee niyad-jabka Karema, bannaanka Katumba, iyo Harada Tanganyika, oo leh buuro dhaadheer, dhufeysyo dhexdhexaad ah, iyo bannaano, waa sifooyin kale oo qeexaya aagga. Kaymaha [[miombo]] ee gobolka ayaa ah kuwa ugu cagaaran. <ref>{{cite web| url=https://katavi.go.tz/economic-activity/uchumi-wa-mkoa-wa-katavi#:~:text=Katavi%20Region%20has%20an%20altitude,920%20mm%20to%201%2C200%20mm.|title= Muuqaalka Gobolka Katavi| publisher=Dowladda Katavi| year=2022| access-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> === Cimilada === Xilliyada roobka ee dhaadheer iyo kuwa gaaban ee cimilada Katavi ayaa caadi u ah buuraleyda koonfureed ee galbeedka guud ahaan. Roobabka sanadlaha ah waa 700 ilaa 1,300 milimitir, iyadoo ay jiraan isbeddello waaweyn oo gobolka, xilliyeed, iyo sanadle ah. Xilliga roobka ayaa inta badan socda laga bilaabo Noofembar ilaa Abriil. Aagga buuraleyda, aagga dhexe, iyo aagga bannaanka ayaa ah saddexda aag ee agro-ecological ee aagga. Iyadoo ku xiran dhererka, heerkulku wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 13 darajo Celsius ilaa 16 darajo Celsius bisha Juun iyo Luulyo wuxuuna kordhaa laga bilaabo Sebtembar ilaa Noofembar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://katavi.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/62c/e8c/da3/62ce8cda3f139876444440.pdf|title= Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Katavi| publisher=Dowladda Katavi| year=2019| access-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> == Dhaqaalaha == Beeruhu waa qaybta ugu weyn (96%) ee dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale ee gobolka, halka 0.7% shaqaalaha ay ku hawlan yihiin daryeelka [[xoolaha]]. Gobolka Katavi, beeralayda yar-yar ee leh dhulal kala firirsan oo loogu talagalay dalagyo kala duwan ayaa ah kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee wax soo saarka beeraha. [[Hadhuudhka]], bariiska, gabbaldayaha, sisinta, lawska, [[kassava]], masago, baradhada macaan, iyo sorghum waa qaar ka mid ah dalagyada waaweyn ee la soo saaro. 2018 ma jirin wax warshado suuf ah oo aagga ku yaal sababtoo ah beeralayda ayaa kaliya bilaabay beerashada [[suufka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://katavi.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/62c/e8c/da3/62ce8cda3f139876444440.pdf|title= Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Katavi| publisher=Dowladda Katavi| year=2019| access-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> === Beeraha === Dadka ku nool aagga ayaa sidoo kale beerta dalagyada, laakiin waxay sidoo kale haystaan raxan waaweyn oo [[zebu|lo'da maxalliga ah]], oo ay taageerayaan aag daaqsimeed weyn oo sidoo kale soo jiidata dadka xoolo-dhaqatada ah ee ka yimid meelaha deriska ah. Wax ka yar 0.5 boqolkiiba shaqaalaha ayaa ka shaqeeya warshadaha kalluumeysiga. Kaymaha, macdanta, iyo dalxiiska waa qaar ka mid ah warshadaha kale ee muhiimka ah ee aagga. [[Malabka]] waxaa lagu soo saaraa Gobolka Katavi waxaana loo raraa gobolada kale ee dalka, gaar ahaan [[Dar es Salaam]], si loogu habeeyo loona baakadeeyo casri ah.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://katavi.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/62c/e8c/da3/62ce8cda3f139876444440.pdf|title= Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Katavi| publisher=Dowladda Katavi| year=2019| access-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> === Warshadaha === Goobaha warshadaha ee soo socda ayaa ku yaal Gobolka Katavi, oo ay ku jirto hal warshad oo waaweyn oo shaqaaleysiisa 153 qof oo ku hawlan [[dahabka]] macdanta iyo habaynta aasaasiga ah. Saddex warshadood oo dhexdhexaad ah ayaa ku lug leh habaynta caanaha, shaqaaleysiinta 65 qof; shiididda badarka, shaqaaleysiinta 51 qof; iyo soo saarista baloogyada sibidhka, shaqaaleysiinta 51 qof. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira qiyaastii 14 ganacsi oo shaqaaleysiiya 1,070 qof gabi ahaanba. Inta badan ganacsiyada (57%) waxay ku hawlan yihiin shiididda badarka. Qaybta xigta ee ugu weyn waa soo saarista alaabta guriga (16%), dharka (12%), iyo macdanta (11%). 2% waxay aadaan habaynta saliidaha la cuni karo, halka 1% kasta uu aado soo saarista kabaha iyo baloogyada dhismaha. Gobolka waxaa ku xiran tareen ka socda Mpanda ilaa [[Kaliua]] ee gobolka Tabora, 210 km oo dherer ah [[Gaadiidka tareenka ee Tanzania|tareenka]] khadka ayaa bixiya saddex jeer toddobaadkii adeegyada rakaabka iyo xamuulka ee qaybta waqooyi ee gobolka. [[Mpanda Airport]] wuxuu u adeegaa Gobolka Katavi ee safarrada maxalliga ah, laakiin wuxuu leeyahay xiriir wanaagsan oo ku aaddan safarrada caalamiga ah ee Songwe, Kigoma, iyo [[Tabora Airport]] iyada oo loo marayo Dar es Salaam [[Julius Nyerere International Airport]] (JNIA) ama [[Kilimanjaro International Airport]] (KIA). Macdanta ugu weyn ee Gobolka Katavi waa dhuxul, mica, [[Moonstone (gemstone)|moonstone]], birta, nikkel, kobalt, leed, dahab, naxaas, iyo dahab. Moonstone waxaa laga qodaa [[Karema, Tanzania|Karema]] iyo Kapalamsenga ee Degmada Tanganyika. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://katavi.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/62c/e8c/da3/62ce8cda3f139876444440.pdf|title= Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Katavi| publisher=Dowladda Katavi| year=2019| access-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> === Duurjoogta iyo Kaydka Dabiiciga ah === Kaydka duurjoogta ee Gobolka Katavi waxaa ka mid ah Rukwa Game Reserve iyo [[Beerta Qaranka ee Katavi]]. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira meelo loo qoondeeyay sida kaydka kaynta, sida kuwa Inyonga, Waqooyi Bari Mpanda, Msaginya, Mulele Hills, Rungwa, Kabungu, Ugalla River, iyo Rungwa River (dhammaan ay leedahay dowladda dhexe), Nkamba iyo Tongwe West (oo hoos yimaada lahaanshaha maamulka deegaanka). Iyada oo leh 4.7 milyan oo hektar, Golaha Degmada Mlele wuxuu sheeganayaa inuu leeyahay aagga kaynta dabiiciga ah ee ugu weyn. Qiyaasta guud ee aagga ay daboolaan kaymaha, oo ay ku jiraan kaymaha la ilaaliyo, waa 3,140,639.00 ha, ama 68.51% ee guud ahaan bedka dhulka, taas oo gobolka ka dhigaysa gobolka ugu dabiiciga ah ee dalka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://katavi.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/62c/e8c/da3/62ce8cda3f139876444440.pdf|title= Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Katavi| publisher=Dowladda Katavi| year=2019| access-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> == Qaybaha maamulka == Bishii Maarso 2012, wax yar ka dib markii Gobolka Katavi la abuuray, Dr. Rajab Mtumwa Rutengwe ayaa loo magacaabay Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Katavi. Wuxuu horay u ahaa Guddoomiyaha [[Degmada Mpanda]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff|date=15 March 2012|title=JK wuxuu u magacaabay guddoomiyeyaasha gobollada cusub|newspaper=The Citizen|location=Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania|url=http://getlocalne.ws/world/tanzania_dar_es_salaam/citizen_news_1895981|access-date=31 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831175504/http://getlocalne.ws/world/tanzania_dar_es_salaam/citizen_news_1895981|archive-date=31 August 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Degmooyin === Gobolka Katavi wuxuu u qaybsamaa lix [[Degmooyinka Tanzania|degmo]], mid kasta oo ay maamusho gole:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.katavi.go.tz/history|title=Taariikh {{!}} Bogga Gobolka Katavi|website=www.katavi.go.tz|language=en|access-date=2017-08-01|archive-date=2022-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301145620/https://katavi.go.tz/history|url-status=live}}</ref>{{r|2016_census|p=10}} Degmada dheeraadka ah waa Degmada Tanganyika oo tirakoobkeeda la daabici doono 2023. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="5" | Degmooyinka Gobolka Katavi |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="width: 10em" | Degmada ! style="width: 8em" | Dadka<br />(2016){{r|2016_census|p=10}} |- | [[Mpanda|Mpanda Town]] | style="text-align:right;" | 117,109 |- | [[Degmada Mlele]] | style="text-align:right;" | 46,019 |- | [[Degmada Mpanda]] | style="text-align:right;" | 203,872 |- | [[Degmada Mpimbwe]] | style="text-align:right;" | 117,934 |- | [[Degmada Nsimbo]] | style="text-align:right;" | 157,633 |- | '''Wadarta''' | style="text-align:right;" | '''642,567''' |} == Dadka caanka ah ee Gobolka Katavi == * [[Mizengo Pinda]], Ra'iisul Wasaarihii 9-aad ee Tanzania == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="2016_census">{{Cite report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |title=2016 Makadirio ya Idadi ya Watu katika Majimbo ya Uchaguzi kwa Mwaka 2016, Tanzania Bara. |trans-title=Qiyaasta Dadweynaha ee Aagagga Maamulka ee Sanadka 2016, Tanzania Bara |date=2016-04-01 |publisher=[[Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka (Tanzania)|Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka]] |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |page= |language=sw |access-date=11 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227102333/https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf |archive-date=2021-12-27 |url-status=live}}</ref> }} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Sister project links | wikt=no | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=no | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=no | mw=no | display=Gobolka Katavi}} * {{URL|http://katavi.go.tz/|Bogga rasmiga ah}} {{Authority control}} r06ea09r94rgrt9jajs3egrvtzzbc3t 828 49174 302185 2026-07-13T11:20:04Z Isma4l 41797 Bog cusub: return { lang = "en, sw", ["01"] = {name="Arusha Region",isoname="Arusha"}, ["02"] = {name="Dar es Salaam Region",isoname="Dar es Salaam"}, ["03"] = {name="Dodoma Region",isoname="Dodoma"}, ["04"] = {name="Iringa Region",isoname="Iringa"}, ["05"] = {name="Kagera Region",isoname="Kagera"}, ["06"] = {name="Pemba North Region",isonames={en="Pemba North",sw="Kaskazini Pemba"}}, ["07"] = {name="Unguja North Region",isonames={en="Zanzibar North",sw="Kaskazini Unguja"},a... 302185 Scribunto text/plain return { lang = "en, sw", ["01"] = {name="Arusha Region",isoname="Arusha"}, ["02"] = {name="Dar es Salaam Region",isoname="Dar es Salaam"}, ["03"] = {name="Dodoma Region",isoname="Dodoma"}, ["04"] = {name="Iringa Region",isoname="Iringa"}, ["05"] = {name="Kagera Region",isoname="Kagera"}, ["06"] = {name="Pemba North Region",isonames={en="Pemba North",sw="Kaskazini Pemba"}}, ["07"] = {name="Unguja North Region",isonames={en="Zanzibar North",sw="Kaskazini Unguja"},altnames={"Unguja North","Zanzibar North Region"}}, ["08"] = {name="Kigoma Region",isoname="Kigoma"}, ["09"] = {name="Kilimanjaro Region",isoname="Kilimanjaro"}, ["10"] = {name="Pemba South Region",isonames={en="Pemba South",sw="Kusini Pemba"}}, ["11"] = {name="Unguja South Region",isonames={en="Zanzibar South",sw="Kusini Unguja"},altnames={"Unguja South","Zanzibar South Region"}}, ["12"] = {name="Lindi Region",isoname="Lindi"}, ["13"] = {name="Mara Region",isoname="Mara"}, ["14"] = {name="Mbeya Region",isoname="Mbeya"}, ["15"] = {name="Mjini Magharibi Region",isonames={en="Zanzibar West",sw="Mjini Magharibi"},altnames={"Zanzibar West Region","Zanzibar Urban West","Zanzibar Urban West Region"}}, ["16"] = {name="Morogoro Region",isoname="Morogoro"}, ["17"] = {name="Mtwara Region",isoname="Mtwara"}, ["18"] = {name="Mwanza Region",isoname="Mwanza"}, ["19"] = {name="Pwani Region",isonames={en="Coast",sw="Pwani"}}, ["20"] = {name="Rukwa Region",isoname="Rukwa"}, ["21"] = {name="Ruvuma Region",isoname="Ruvuma"}, ["22"] = {name="Shinyanga Region",isoname="Shinyanga"}, ["23"] = {name="Singida Region",isoname="Singida"}, ["24"] = {name="Tabora Region",isoname="Tabora"}, ["25"] = {name="Tanga Region",isoname="Tanga"}, ["26"] = {name="Manyara Region",isoname="Manyara"}, ["27"] = {name="Geita Region",isoname="Geita"}, ["28"] = {name="Katavi Region",isoname="Katavi"}, ["29"] = {name="Njombe Region",isoname="Njombe"}, ["30"] = {name="Simiyu Region",isoname="Simiyu"} } h5w0m9ewd1nul1h5dnfthyuw4e2kyk3 0 49175 302186 2026-07-13T11:23:44Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Kigoma | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Kigoma}}}} | nickname = Gobolka Qorrax-dhaca ee Tanzania | settlement_type = [[Gobolada Tanzania|Gobol]] | named_for = [[Kigoma]] <!-- images and maps ----------->| image_skyline = {{Photomontage |photo1a = Lake shore in Kagongo Ward.jpg |photo2a = Kigoma High Court, Bangwe Ward, Kigoma.jpg |photo3a = Mango Row, Kagera Ward, Kigoma-Ujiji.jpg |spacing = 2 |space = 2 |size = 225 |position = center |color_border = white |color = white | foot_montage = '''Laga bilaabo kor ilaa hoos:'''<br /> [[Harada Tanganyika]] oo ku taal Degmada Kagongo, [[Degmada Kigoma]], Maxkamadda Sare ee Kigoma iyo safka geedaha cambaha ee taariikhiga ah ee Ujiji}} | image_map = Tanzania Kigoma location map.svg | map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Tanzania <!-- Location ------------------>| coordinates = {{coord|4|52|56.64|S|29|39|41.4|E|type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = Aag | subdivision_name1 = Galbeedka | established_title = Gobol Maamuleed | established_date = | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Kigoma]] | parts_type = [[Degmooyinka Tanzania|Degmooyin]] | p1 = [[Degmada Kigoma-Ujiji]] | leader_title = Guddoomiyaha Gobolka | leader_name = Thobias Andengenye | p2 = [[Degmada Kasulu]] | p3 = [[Kasulu|Golaha Magaalada Kasulu]] | p4 = [[Degmada Buhigwe]] | p5 = [[Degmada Kakonko]] | p6 = [[Degmada Kibondo]] | p7 = [[Degmada Uvinza]] | p8 = [[Degmada Kigoma]] <!-- square kilometers -->| area_total_km2 = 37,040 | area_rank = [[Gobolada Tanzania|8 ka mid ah 31]] | elevation_max_m = 1,917 | elevation_max_point = Kicherere <!-- Population ----------------------->| population_total = 2,470,967 | population_as_of = 2022 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = [[Gobolada Tanzania|10 ka mid ah 31]] | population_demonym = Kigoman | population_footnotes = {{r|2022_census}} | demographics_type1 = [[Liiska qabaa'ilka Tanzania|Qabaa'ilka]] | demographics1_title1 = Dadka soo degay | demographics1_info1 = [[Dadka Sawaaxiliga|Sawaaxili]], [[Carab|Carab]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo|Kongo]] & [[Burundi]]yiin | demographics1_title2 = Dadka u dhashay | demographics1_info2 = [[Dadka Ha|Ha]], [[Dadka Vinza|Vinza]], [[Dadka Tongwe|Tongwe]], [[Dadka Jiji|Jiji]] & [[Dadka Holoholo|Holoholo]] | timezone1 = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Koodhka boostada | postal_code = 47xxx | area_code = 028 | iso_code = TZ-05<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:TZ|title= IS0 3166|publisher=ISO|access-date=2022-10-09}}</ref> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] (2021) | blank_info_sec1 = 0.520<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=2018-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref><br/>{{color|#900|hoose}} · [[Liiska gobolada Tanzania ee Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|19 ka mid ah 25]] | website = {{URL|http://kigoma.go.tz/|Bogga rasmiga ah}} | module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes |country = Tanzania |mammal = [[File:Schimpanse Pan troglodytes Zoo Augsburg-05.jpg|50px|left]][[Daanyeer|Daanyeerka Chimpansiga]] |bird = [[File:Die Vogel Ost-Afrikas. Baron Carl Claus von Deer Decken's Reisen in Ost-Africa. Bd. 4 (1870) (20923923426).jpg|50px|left]] [[Livingstone's turaco]] |fish = [[File:Cyphotilapia frontosa - Karlsruhe Zoo 01.jpg|50px|left]] [[Cyphotilapia frontosa|Frontosa Kigoma]] |butterfly = [[File:Large striped swordtail (Graphium antheus) male underside Bobiri.jpg|50px|left]] [[Graphium antheus|Balanbaalis weyn]] |tree = [[File:Zanthoxylum gilletii-Africa Museum (2).jpg|50px|left]] [[East African Satinwood]] |mineral = [[File:Rock salt (halitite) (Klodawa Salt Dome, Zechstein Formation, Upper Permian; Klodawa Salt Mine, central Poland) 1 (15953564096).jpg|50px|left]] [[Halite|Milixda dhagaxa]] }} }} '''Gobolka Kigoma''' ({{langx|sw|Mkoa wa Kigoma}}) waa mid ka mid ah 31 [[Gobolada Tanzania|gobol maamuleed]] ee [[Tanzania]], iyadoo magaalada [[Kigoma]] ay tahay caasimadda gobolka. Gobolka Kigoma wuxuu xuduud la leeyahay [[Gobolka Kagera]], [[Gobolka Geita]], [[Gobolka Katavi]], [[Gobolka Tabora]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo|Kongo]] iyo [[Burundi]]. Sida lagu sheegay tirakoobka qaranka ee 2012, gobolku wuxuu lahaa dadweyne dhan 2,127,930, taas oo ka sarreysay saadaashii tirakoobka ka horreeyay oo ahayd 1,971,332.<ref name="2012 Census">[http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf Qaybinta Dadweynaha ee unugyada maamulka, Jamhuuriyadda Midowga Tanzania, 2013]</ref>{{rp|page 2}} Intii u dhaxaysay 2002–2012, heerka koritaanka dadweynaha ee gobolka oo ahaa 2.4 boqolkiiba sanadkii ayaa ahaa kii 14-aad ee ugu sarreeyay dalka.<ref name="2012 Census"/>{{rp|page 4}} Waxa kale oo uu ahaa gobolka 16-aad ee ugu dadka badan oo leh 57 qof halkii kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran.<ref name="2012 Census"/>{{rp|page 6}} Iyada oo leh cabbir dhan {{convert|45066|km2|mi2}},<ref>[http://www.nbs.go.tz/takwimu/references/Abstract2011.zip Ururinta Tirakoobka 2011, Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka ee Tanzania]</ref> gobolku wuxuu wax yar ka yar yahay [[Estonia]] ({{convert|45227|km2|mi2}}). == Juqraafi == [[File:Malagarasi River.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Inta badan Gobolka Kigoma oo muujinaya [[Wabiga Malagarasi]].]] Gobolka Kigoma wuxuu ku yaalaa geeska waqooyi-galbeed ee Tanzania, xeebta bari ee [[Harada Tanganyika]]. Gobolku wuxuu ku yaalaa qiyaastii 5° koonfur iyo 30° bari ee Greenwich waxaana xuduud la leh dhanka waqooyi [[Burundi]] iyo [[Gobolka Kagera]]. Dhanka bari, waxaa xuduud la leh [[Gobolka Geita]] iyo [[Gobolka Tabora]], dhanka koonfurna [[Gobolka Katavi]], iyo dhanka galbeedna [[Harada Tanganyika]], taas oo xuduud la leh [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]].<ref name="Economic-profile">{{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Planning|1998}} | date=December 1998 | publisher=Guddiga Qorshaynta, Dar es Salaam, iyo Xafiiska Guddoomiyaha Gobolka, Kigoma | title=Gobolka Kigoma: Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha-Bulshada | page=1 | url=http://www.tzonline.org/pdf/kigoma.pdf}}</ref> {{Multiple image |align= right |direction = vertical |width= 220 |header_align = left/right/center |footer_align = left/right/center |header_background = |footer_background = |image1 = Uvinza Salt, Uvinza Ward.jpg |caption1 = Milixda Uvinza oo laga qoday [[Degmada Uvinza]]. |image2 = Nyerere House Marker, Kitongoni Ward, Ujiji.jpg |caption2 = Calaamadda guriga [[Julius Nyerere|Nyerere]] ee [[Kitongoni]]. |image3 = Swahili home, Kigoma Ward.jpg |caption3 = Guriga [[Dadka Sawaaxiliga|Sawaaxili]] ee Degmada Kigoma. |image4 = Kigoma habor from Kibirizi Ward.jpg |caption4 = Dekedda Kigoma oo laga arkay [[Kibirizi]] |image5 = Lake Tanganyika view, Kigoma Ward.jpg |caption5 = [[Harada Tanganyika]] oo laga arkay Degmada Kigoma }} Bedka guud ee gobolku waa {{convert|45066|km2}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://harvestchoice.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publications/Tanzania_2007-8_Vol_5p.pdf |title=Tirakoobka Qaranka ee Beeraha 2002/03: Qaybta Vq: Warbixinta Gobolka: Gobolka Kagera, Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka ee Tanzania, Diseembar 2007, bogga 1 |access-date=2013-05-15}}</ref> kaas oo {{Convert|37037|sqkm|sqmi|0}} uu yahay dhul iyo {{Convert|8029|sqkm|sqmi|0}} uu yahay biyo.<ref name="Economic-profile"/> Bedka guud ee gobolku waa {{convert|161|km2}} oo kaliya in ka yar kan Estonia. Sida laga soo xigtay 1998, qiyaastii {{convert|20,000|km2}} waxay ahaayeen kaymo iyo {{convert|12,000|km2}} waxay ku habboon yihiin daaqsin ama beerasho.<ref name="Economic-profile"/> Gobolka Kigoma wuxuu ku yaalaa buuraley u janjeerta dhanka waqooyi-bari ilaa {{convert|1,750|m}} hoos u dhac ku timaada {{convert|800|m}} xeebta harada Tanganyika.<ref name="SEP-2">{{harvnb|Planning|1998|page=2}}</ref> Dhulka ku yaal waqooyiga iyo bari waa buuro si tartiib ah u rogmanaya kuwaas oo si tartiib tartiib ah u noqda kuwa dhaadheer marka ay u dhowaadaan xadka [[Albertine Rift]].<ref name="SEP-2" /> Wabiga ugu muhiimsan waa [[Wabiga Malagarasi|Malagarasi]], iyadoo [[Wabiga Luiche|Luiche]] iyo [[Wabiga Ruchugi|Ruchugi]] ay yihiin labada wabi ee kale ee waaweyn ee gobolka ka daata.<ref name="SEP-2" /> == Taariikh == [[File:Rencontre_de_Livingstone_-_How_I_found_Livingstone_(fr).png|thumb|Stanley oo la kulmaya Livingstone]] Afrika ka hor gumeysiga, gobolku wuxuu ahaa isha foolmaroodiga iyo addoonta.<ref name="History">{{Citation|author=Madaxa Xafiiska Gobolka, Kigoma |year=2011 |chapter=2.0 Taariikhda Kooban ee Gobolka |title=Taarifa ya Miaka 50 ya Uhuru wa Tanzania Mkoa wa Kigoma (Macluumaadka ku saabsan 50 sano ee Xorriyadda Tanzania: Kigoma) |language=Swahili |publisher=Xafiiska Ra'iisul Wasaaraha |pages=4&ndash;7}}</ref> [[Tabora]] iyo [[Ujiji]] waxay ahaayeen goobo ay Carabtu ka maamulaan raritaanka xeebta.<ref>{{Cite book | title=Into Africa: Tacaburkii Epic ee Stanley iyo Livingstone |last=Dugard |first=Martin | year=2004 | publisher=Broadway Books | location=New York | page=[https://archive.org/details/intoafrica00mart/page/68 68] | isbn=978-0-7679-1074-3}}</ref> Waxaa booqday sahamiyayaashii hore ee Yurub [[Richard Francis Burton|Richard Burton]], [[John Speke]], [[David Livingstone]], iyo [[Henry Morton Stanley]]. Dhab ahaantii, Stanley wuxuu la kulmay Livingstone magaalada Ujiji ee xeebta Harada Tanganyika 27 Oktoobar 1871.<ref>{{Harvnb|Dugard|2004|page=266}}</ref> Wakhtigii gumeysiga, aagga Kigoma waxaa loo yaqaanay Gobolka Galbeedka caasimadduna waxay ahayd Tabora.<ref name="History" /> == Qaybaha maamulka == === Degmooyin === Gobolka Kigoma wuxuu u qaybsamaa lix [[Degmooyinka Tanzania|degmo]], mid kasta oo ay maamusho gole marka laga reebo Kigoma iyo Kasulu oo midkiiba lagu maamulo laba gole:<ref name="2012 Census"/> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="8" | Degmooyinka Gobolka Kigoma |- style="text-align:center;" ! Khariidad ! style="width: 10em" | Degmada ! ! style="width: 10em" | Dadka<br>(2012) |- | rowspan=9 | [[File:Kigoma in Tanzania.svg|250px]] | [[Degmada Buhigwe]] |Golaha Degmada Buhigwe | style="text-align:right;" | 254,342 |- | [[Degmada Kakonko]] |Golaha Degmada Kakonko | style="text-align:right;" | 167,555 |- | [[Degmada Kasulu]] |Golaha Degmada Reer Miyiga ee Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" | 425,794 |- | |Golaha Degmada Magaalada Kasulu | style="text-align:right;" | 208,244 |- | [[Degmada Kibondo]] |Golaha Degmada Kibondo | style="text-align:right;" | 261,331 |- | [[Degmada Kigoma]] |Golaha Degmada Reer Miyiga ee Kigoma | style="text-align:right;" | 211,566 |- | |Golaha Degmada Magaalada Kigoma-Ujiji | style="text-align:right;" | 215,458 |- | [[Degmada Uvinza]] |Golaha Degmada Uvinza | style="text-align:right;" | 383,640 |- | '''Wadarta''' | | style="text-align:right;" | '''2,127,930''' |} == Dadka == Gobolka Kigoma wuxuu leeyahay dadweyne dhan 2,127,930.<ref name=Census>{{cite web|page=103|title=Tirakoobka dadka iyo guryaha 2012: qaybinta dadweynaha ee aagagga maamulka|publisher=Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka|url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf}}</ref> [[Dadka Ha|Dadka Ha]] ayaa ah qowmiyadda ugu weyn ee halkan ku nool, iyadoo ay weheliyaan dad kale oo muhiim ah oo ka tirsan Wabembe, [[Wamanyema]], [[Tongwe|Watongwe]] iyo [[Vinza|Wavinza]], [[Dadka Sukuma|Sukuma]] iyo [[Dadka Haya|Haya]]. Qiyaastii 150,000 oo qaxooti ah oo ka yimid [[Burundi]] iyo ku dhawaad 80,000 oo kale oo qaxooti ah oo ka yimid [[Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Kongo]] ayaa ku nool saddex [[xeryaha qaxootiga|xero qaxooti]] oo ku yaal Gobolka Kigoma, oo la yiraahdo [[Nyarugusu]], [[Mtendeli]] iyo [[Nduta]]. == Dadka caanka ah ee Gobolka Kigoma == * [[Godfrey Mwakikagile]], qoraa * [[Ali Kiba]], fannaan == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="2022_census">{{cite web |title=Matokeo ya Sensa |url=https://sensa.nbs.go.tz/ |website=sensa.nbs.go.tz |publisher=[[Xafiiska Tirakoobka Qaranka (Tanzania)]] |access-date=1 November 2022 |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]] |language=sw}}</ref> }} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Sister project links | wikt=no | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=no | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=no | mw=no | display=Gobolka Kigoma}} * {{URL|http://kigoma.go.tz/|Bogga rasmiga ah}} {{Authority control}} osexnm2vxem9k6tkyimnc82dnz7f7cb 0 49176 302187 2026-07-13T11:26:03Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Kilimanjaro | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro}}}} | nickname = Saqafka Afrika | settlement_type = [[Gobolada Tanzania|Gobol]] | named_for = [[Buurta Kilimanjaro]] <!-- images and maps ----------->| image_skyline = {{Photomontage |photo1a = Uhuru Peak Mt. Kilimanjaro 1.JPG |photo2a = Materuni Falls, Uru mashariki.jpg |photo3a = View of west Kiusa Ward, Moshi.jpg |spacing = 2 |space = 2 |size = 225 |position = center |color_border = white |color = white | foot_montage = '''Laga bilaabo kor ilaa hoos:'''<br /> [[Uhuru Peak]], [[Biyadhaca Materuni]] iyo Magaalada [[Moshi, Tanzania|Moshi]] habeenkii}} | image_map = Tanzania Kilimanjaro location map.svg | map_caption = Goobta ay ku taal Tanzania <!-- Location ------------------>| coordinates = {{coord|4|8|1.32|S|37|48|31.68|E|type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Waddan | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tanzania}} | subdivision_type1 = Aag | subdivision_name1 = Waqooyiga | established_title = Gobol Maamuleed | established_date = 1963 | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Moshi, Tanzania|Moshi]] | parts_type = [[Degmooyinka Tanzania|Degmooyin]] | p1 = [[Degmada Hai]] | leader_title = Guddoomiyaha Gobolka | leader_name = Nurdin Babu | p2 = [[Degmada Moshi]] | p3 = [[Degmada Miyiga ee Moshi]] | p4 = [[Degmada Mwanga]] | p5 = [[Degmada Rombo]] | p6 = [[Degmada Same]] | p7 = [[Degmada Siha]] <!-- square kilometers -->| area_total_km2 = 13,250 | area_rank = [[Gobolada Tanzania|24 ka mid ah 31]] | elevation_max_m = 5,895 | elevation_max_point = [[Uhuru Peak]] <!-- Population ----------------------->| population_total = 1,861,934 | population_as_of = 2022 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = [[Gobolada Tanzania|19 ka mid ah 31]] | population_demonym = Kilimanjaran | demographics_type1 = [[Liiska qabaa'ilka Tanzania|Qabaa'ilka]] | demographics1_title1 = Dadka soo degay | demographics1_info1 = [[Dadka Sawaaxiliga|Sawaaxili]] | demographics1_title2 = Dadka u dhashay | demographics1_info2 = [[Dadka Chaga|Chaga]] | timezone1 = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Koodhka boostada | postal_code = 25xxx | area_code = 027 | iso_code = TZ-09 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] (2021) | blank_info_sec1 = 0.640<ref name="GlobalDataLab" /><br />{{color|#fc0|dhex-dhexaad}} · [[Liiska gobolada Tanzania ee Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|3]] | website = {{URL|http://kilimanjaro.go.tz/|Bogga rasmiga ah}} | module = {{Infobox region symbols| embedded=yes |country = Tanzania |mammal = [[File:Panthera pardus close up.jpg|50px|left]] [[Shabeel]] |bird = [[File:Scarlet chested sunbird.jpg|50px|left]] [[Scarlet-tufted sunbird|Shimbirka Scarlet Tufted]] |fish = [[File:Oreochromis hunteri.jpg|50px|left]] [[Lake Chala tilapia]] |butterfly = [[File:Papilio sjoestedti Aurivillius, 1908.JPG|50px|left]] [[Papilio sjoestedti|Balanbaalista Kilimanjaro]] |tree = [[File:Cordia africana00.jpg|50px|left]] [[Cordia africana]] |mineral = [[File:Aquamarine P1000141.JPG|50px|left]] [[Aquamarine (gem)|Aquamarine]] }} }} '''Gobolka Kilimanjaro''' ({{langx|sw|Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro}}) waa mid ka mid ah 31 [[Gobolada Tanzania|gobol maamuleed]] ee [[Tanzania]].<ref name="Postcodes_21">{{cite web |title=Koodhka boostada |url=https://www.tcra.go.tz/uploads/text-editor/files/Kilimanjaro%2025000_1622732805.pdf |website=MAMLAKA YA MAWASILIANO TANZANIA |access-date=7 July 2022 |language=en |date=2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Caasimadda gobolka iyo magaalada ugu weyn waa degmada [[Moshi, Tanzania|Moshi]]. Iyadoo leh [[Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]]-ga 3-aad ee ugu sarreeya oo ah 0.640 ee dalka, Kilimanjaro waa mid ka mid ah shanta gobol ee ugu horumarsan Tanzania.<ref name="GlobalDataLab" /> Sida lagu sheegay tirakoobka qaranka ee 2012, gobolku wuxuu lahaa dadweyne dhan 1,640,087, taas oo ka hooseysay saadaashii tirakoobka ka horreeyay oo ahayd 1,702,207.<ref name="2012 Census">[http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf Qaybinta Dadweynaha ee unugyada maamulka, Jamhuuriyadda Midowga Tanzania, 2013]</ref>{{rp|page 2}} Intii u dhaxaysay 2002–2012, heerka koritaanka dadweynaha ee gobolka oo ahaa 1.8 boqolkiiba sanadkii ayaa ahaa kii 24-aad ee ugu sarreeyay dalka.<ref name="2012 Census"/>{{rp|page 4}} Waxa kale oo uu ahaa gobolka 8-aad ee ugu dadka badan oo leh 124 qof halkii kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran. Qabaa'ilka ugu caansan ee Gobolka Kilimanjaro waa [[Dadka Chaga|Chaga]].<ref name="2012 Census"/>{{rp|page 6}} Gobolku wuxuu qayb ka yahay wareegga dalxiiska ee waqooyiga ee Tanzania. Waxaa ku yaal [[Beerta Qaranka ee Kilimanjaro]] (oo ay ku jirto [[Buurta Kilimanjaro]]), [[Beerta Qaranka ee Mkomazi]], [[Buuraleyda Pare]], [[Harada Jipe]], iyo [[Harada Chala]]. Gobolka waxaa dhanka waqooyi iyo bari ka xiga [[Kenya]], dhanka koonfur [[Gobolka Tanga]], dhanka koonfur-galbeed [[Gobolka Manyara]], iyo dhanka galbeed [[Gobolka Arusha]]. == Magaca == Horraantii qarnigii 19-aad, [[Dadka Sawaaxiliga|Sawaaxiliga]] waxay horey ugu yeeri jireen buurta "''Kilima Ndsharo''" (ama "Dscharo"), "Dalka Dschagga," oo u dhow xeebta. Sannadihii 1848 iyo 1849, [[Johannes Rebmann|Rebmann]] wuxuu sheegay in magacyada Sawaaxiliga ee buurtu ay la macno yihiin "Buur Weyn" iyo "Buurta Safarrada" iyadoo loo tixraacayo buurta oo meel fog laga arki karo oo u adeegta sidii hage u ah dadka safarka ah. Isaga iyo [[Johann Ludwig Krapf|Krapf]] waxay ogaadeen in ereyga ay si kala duwan u tixraaceen dhowr qof oo u dhow: [[Dadka Taita|Taita]] waxay soo gaabiyeen ereyga Sawaaxiliga ee xeebta ilaa "''Ndscharo''." Waxaa loo yiqiin "''Kima ja Jeu''," taas oo ah [[Dadka Kamba|Kamba]] oo macnaheedu yahay "Buurta Cadaanka." Waxaa loo yiqiin "''Ol Donyo Eibor''," taas oo ah [[Dadka Maasai|Maasai]] oo macnaheedu yahay "Buur Cad." [[Dadka Chaga|Chagga]] laftoodu, gaar ahaan Kilema iyo [[Machame]], waxay si fudud u yiraahdeen "''Kibo''". ''Kilimandscharo'', oo Rebmann uu ku qoray Jarmal intii u dhaxaysay 1848 iyo 1849, waxaa loo beddelay "Kilimanjaro" 1860-kii.<ref>{{cite book |last= Stahl |first= Kathleen|date= 1964 |title=Taariikhda dadka Chagga ee Kilimanjaro|location= London |publisher= Mouton and Co.|page= 38}}</ref> == Qaybaha maamulka == === Degmooyin === Gobolka Kilimanjaro wuxuu u qaybsamaa hal magaalo iyo lix [[Degmooyinka Tanzania|degmo]], mid kasta oo ay maamusho gole, marka laga reebo Degmada Moshi oo leh laba, mid ka mid ahna u adeegta caasimadda gobolka. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="7" | Degmooyinka Gobolka Kilimanjaro |- style="text-align:center;" ! Khariidad ! style="width: 10em" | Degmada ! style="width: 10em" | Dadka<br />(2012 Tirakoob) ! style="width: 10em" | Dadka<br />(2017 Qiyaasta) |- | rowspan="8" |[[File:Kilimanjaro in Tanzania.svg|200px]]<br /> | [[Degmada Moshi]] | style="text-align:right;" |466,737 | style="text-align:right;" |509,431 |- |[[Degmada Moshi|Moshi Municipal]] | style="text-align:right;" |184,292 | style="text-align:right;" |201,150 |- | [[Degmada Hai]] | style="text-align:right;" | 210,533 | style="text-align:right;" |229,791 |- | [[Degmada Siha]] | style="text-align:right;" | 116,313 | style="text-align:right;" |126,953 |- | [[Degmada Rombo]] | style="text-align:right;" | 260,963 | style="text-align:right;" |284,834 |- | [[Degmada Mwanga]] | style="text-align:right;" | 131,442 | style="text-align:right;" |143,466 |- |[[Degmada Same]] | style="text-align:right;" | 269,807 | style="text-align:right;" |294,487 |- |'''Wadarta''' | style="text-align:right;" |'''1,640,087''' | style="text-align:right;" |'''1,790,113''' |- |} == Taariikh == Gobolka Kilimanjaro waxaa si rasmi ah loo aasaasay 1963 iyadoo leh laba degmo: Kilimanjaro iyo Pare.<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Myosorex zinki Kilimanjaro Mouse Shrew |title=Naasleyda Afrika |date=2013 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing}}</ref> Gobolku wuxuu ka mid ahaa Gobolka Waqooyi ee [[Tanganyika (territory)|Tanganyika]] ka hor xornimada. Degmooyinka Gobolka Waqooyi waxaa ka mid ahaa Arusha iyo Mbulu, halka Degmada Pare ay ka mid ahayd Gobolka Tanga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kilimanjaro.go.tz/region-history|title=Historia ya Mkoa {{!}} Gobolka Kilimanjaro|website=www.kilimanjaro.go.tz}}</ref> Lixda degmo ee gobolka, afar ayaa dhaqan ahaan lahaa degsiimooyinka [[Dadka Chaga|Chagga]], kuwaas oo kala ah Degmada Hai, Degmada Moshi, Degmada Rombo, iyo Degmada Siha. Labada kale, Degmada Mwanga iyo Degmada Same, ayaa taariikh ahaan ku jiray degsiimooyinka [[Dadka Pare|Pare]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, intii lagu jiray xukunka gumeysiga qarnigii 19-aad ilaa bartamihii qarnigii 20-aad, gobolka waxaa loo qaybiyay laba degmo oo waaweyn: Degmada Moshi, oo ka koobnayd dhammaan aagagga ay degeen dadka Chagga ee ku yaalla jiirada buurta, iyo Degmada Pare, oo ahayd degsiimada qabiilka Pare.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murtazina |first=Farida Gafiullovna |date=2023-07-05 |title=Dib u eegista buugaagta: Degmada Mironova Ye.V. Laishevsky qarnigii 19-aad – horraantii qarnigii 20-aad |journal=Laga soo bilaabo Taariikhda iyo Dhaqanka Dadka ee Gobolka Volga Dhexe}}</ref> Gobolka, laga soo bilaabo wakhtiyadii hore, waxaa degenaa dadka si wada jir ah loogu yeero Chagga, [[Dadka Maasai|Maasai]], [[Dadka Kwavi|Wakwavi]], iyo [[Dadka Arusha|Waarusha]] (qaybaha hoose ee Buurta Kilimanjaro), iyo dadka Pare oo ku nool buuraleyda Pare. Kuwan ayaa is dhexgalayay, ka ganacsanayay, oo xitaa mararka qaarkood is dagaalayay sababo kala duwan oo bulsho-siyaasadeed ah. Goor dambe, qabaa'il kale ayaa sidoo kale u soo haajiray aagga. == Juqraafi == {{Main|Buurta Kilimanjaro}} [[File: Mountain at the border of Kenya and Tanzania- Mount Kilimanjaro 09.jpg|thumb|Buurta Kilimanjaro]] Buurta Kilimanjaro waxay ku taal isgoyska xariiqda taarikada tectonic 80 kiiloomitir bariga [[Dooxada Rift]]. Waa qayb ka mid ah nidaamka 'Y'-qaabka ee rift qaaradaha firfircoon waxaana la sameeyay markii magma ay kor u kacday iyada oo loo marayo dillaacyo la abuuray markii ay dhaceen dillaacyo bilaabmay Miocene, qiyaastii 22–25 milyan oo sano ka hor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Buurta Kilimanjaro, Tanzania |publisher=Geological Society}}</ref> Stratovolcano-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay saddex koofiyadood oo foolkaanooyin is dulsaaran—Shira, Mawenzi, iyo Kibo—iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa foolkaanada ee qaabkeeda hadda waxay dib u dhacaysaa wax ka yar hal milyan oo sano.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Barnaamijka Foolkaanada Adduunka – Kilimanjaro |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Barnaba Classic]], fannaan * [[Scholastica Kimaryo]], shaqaale rayid ah oo caalami ah, saxafi, iyo tababare nolosha * [[Abby Chams]], heesaa * [[Elieshi Lema]], qoraa * [[Freeman Mbowe]], siyaasi * [[Lucas Mkenda]], fannaan * [[Cleopa Msuya]], Ra'iisul Wasaarihii 3-aad ee Tanzania * [[Flower Msuya]], saynisyahan * [[Nathaniel Mtui]], taariikhyahan * [[Nandy (singer)|Nandy]], fannaan * [[Maua Sama]], fannaan * [[Leonard Shayo]], aqoonyahan iyo xisaabyahan * [[Bruno Tarimo]], feeryahan * [[Irene Tarimo]], saynisyahan == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Dadka Chagga]] * [[Beerta Qaranka ee Kilimanjaro]] * [[Marangu]] * [[Beerta Qaranka ee Mkomazi]] * [[Moshi, Tanzania]] * [[Dadka Pare]] * [[Buuraleyda Pare]] * [[Harada Chala]] == Tixraacyo == <references> <ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{cite web |url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ |title=Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha ee Gobolka – Database-ka Gobolka – Global Data Lab |website=hdi.globaldatalab.org |language=en |access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref> </references> == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Sister project links | wikt=no | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=no | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=no | mw=no | display=Gobolka Kilimanjaro}} * {{in lang|sw}} {{URL|http://kilimanjaro.go.tz/|Bogga rasmiga ah}} {{Authority control}} qcjzyfgc9mmf81xo5eazog0k4rwdth8 0 49177 302188 2026-07-13T11:34:18Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gobolka Manyara | native_name = {{small|{{native phrase|sw|Mkoa wa Manyara}}}} | nicknames = Gobolka Tansaaniyayt; Hoyga Tansaaniyayt<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title= Northern Regions Investment Guide| publisher= Office of the Prime Minister, Regional Administration and Local Government| url=https://tanga.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/5ea/00a/2de/5ea00a2de2345413590241.pdf|access-date=2023-02-12}}</ref>{{force singular}} | settlement_type = [[Gobollada Tansaaniya|Gobol]] | named_for = [[Harada Manyara]] <!-- images and maps ----------->| image_skyline = {{Photomontage |photo1a = Mount Hanang from Mogitu Ward.jpg |photo2a = Lake Babati-3.jpg |photo3a = Mountain views in Arri Ward.jpg |spacing = 2 |space = 2 |size = 225 |position = center |color_border = white |color = white | foot_montage = '''Laga bilaa ilaa hoos:'''<br /> [[Mount Hanang]] laga arkay Degmada Mogitu, Harada Babati iyo aragtida buuraha ee Degmada Arri}} | image_map = Tanzania Manyara location map.svg | map_caption = Goobta uu ku yaallo Tansaaniya <!-- Location ------------------>| coordinates = {{coord|4|18|54|S|36|57|14.76|E|type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Dal | subdivision_name = {{flag|Tansaaniya}} | subdivision_type1 = Aag | subdivision_name1 = Waqooyi | established_title = Gobolka Maamulka | established_date = | seat_type = Caasimad | seat = [[Babati]] | parts_type = [[Degmooyinka Tansaaniya|Degmooyinka]] | p1 = [[Babati Urban]] | leader_title = Guddoomiyaha Gobolka | leader_name = [[Queen Sendiga]] | p2 = [[Mbulu Urban]] | p3 = [[Babati District]] | p4 = [[Hanang District]] | p5 = [[Kiteto District]] | p6 = [[Mbulu District]] | p7 = [[Simanjiro District]] <!-- square kilometers -->| area_total_km2 = 44,522 | area_rank = [[Gobollada Tansaaniya|7aad ee 31]] | elevation_max_m = 3,418 | elevation_max_point = [[Mount Hanang]] <!-- Population ----------------------->| population_total = 1,892,502 | population_as_of = 2022 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = [[Gobollada Tansaaniya|17aad ee 31]] | population_demonym = Manyaran | demographics_type1 = [[Liiska qowmiyadaha Tansaaniya|Qowmiyadaha]] | demographics1_title1 = Soo-galooti | demographics1_info1 = [[Swahili|Sawaaxili]] & [[Maasai|Maasay]] | demographics1_title2 = Dadka deegaanka | demographics1_info2 = [[Iraqw|Iraqw]], [[Mbugwe|Mbugwe]], [[Asa|Assa]], [[Barabaig|Barabaig]] & [[Gorowa|Gorowa]] | timezone1 = [[Waqtiga Bariga Afrika|EAT]] | utc_offset1 = +3 | postal_code_type = Koodka boostada | postal_code = 27xxx | area_code = 027 | iso_code = TZ-26 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Tusmada Horumarka Aadanaha|HDI]] (2021) | blank_info_sec1 = 0.568<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref><br/>{{color|#fc0|dhexdhexaad}} · [[Liiska gobollada Tansaaniya ee lagu cabbiro Tusmada Horumarka Aadanaha|9aad ee 25]] | website = {{URL|http://manyara.go.tz/|Bogga rasmiga ah}} | module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes |country = Tansaaniya |mammal = [[File:Oryx gazella - Etosha 2014.jpg|50px|left]] [[Oryx]] |bird = [[File:Ostrich Struthio camelus Tanzania 3724 Nevit.jpg|50px|left]][[Gorayo]] |fish = [[File:Amphimelas Male ManyaraMJG.jpg|50px|left]] [[Oreochromis amphimelas]] |butterfly = [[File:Colotis aurigineus.jpg|50px|left]][[Colotis aurigineus]] |tree = [[File:Canopy of yellow-barked acacia trees (30717803668).jpg|50px|left]] [[Acacia|Yellow fever acacia]] |mineral = [[File:Trichroic Tanzanite Gem - blue, violet & purple.jpg|50px|left]][[Tanzanite]] }} }} '''Gobolka Manyara''' ({{langx|sw|Mkoa wa Manyara}}) waa mid ka mid ah 31-ka [[Gobollada Tansaaniya|gobol]] ee maamulka [[Tansaaniya]]. Caasimadda gobolku waa magaalada [[Babati]]. Sida lagu sheegay tirakoobkii qaranka ee 2012, gobolku wuxuu lahaa dad gaaraya 1,425,131, taas oo ka yaraatay saadaashii tirakoobka ka horreeyay ee 1,497,555.<ref name="2012 Census">[http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf Qaybinta Dadka ee Unugyada Maamulka, Jamhuuriyadda Midowga Tansaaniya, 2013]</ref>{{rp|bogga 2}} Sanadihii 2002-2012, heerka koritaanka dadka ee gobolka oo ahaa boqolkiiba 3.2 sanadkii ayaa ahaa kii saddexaad ee ugu sarreeyay dalka.<ref name="2012 Census"/>{{rp|bogga 4}} Waxa kale oo uu ahaa gobolka 22-aad ee ugu dadka badan marka loo eego cufnaanta, iyadoo ay deggan yihiin 32 qof halkii kiiloomitir laba jibaaran.<ref name="2012 Census"/>{{rp|bogga 6}} [[Harada Manyara]] waxay ku taallaa qaybta waqooyi ee gobolka. Waxaa xuduud la leh dhanka waqooyi [[Gobolka Arusha]], dhanka waqooyi-bari [[Gobolka Kilimanjaro]], dhanka bari [[Gobolka Tanga]], dhanka koonfureed [[Gobolka Dodoma]], dhanka koonfur-bari [[Gobolka Morogoro]], dhanka koonfur-galbeed [[Gobolka Singida]], iyo dhanka waqooyi-galbeed [[Gobolka Simiyu]]. Buurta ugu sarreysa Gobolka Manyara waa [[Mount Hanang]]. ==Dhaqaalaha dadka== [[File:Squirrel, Manyara National Park, Tanzania (2010).jpg|thumb|Dibi-daakh (squirrel) oo cunaysa miro ku taal Beerta Qaranka ee Manyara, Tansaaniya.]] Gobolka Manyara waxaa ku nool qowmiyado iyo bulshooyin kala duwan oo leh luqado kala duwan. Kuwa dambe waxaa ka mid ah [[Assa|Assa]], [[Gorowa|Gorowa]], [[Kw'adza|Kw'adza]], [[Mbugwe|Mbugwe]], [[Datooga|Datooga]], [[Maasay|Maasay]] iyo [[Barabaig]] iyo [[Iraqw|Iraqw]],<ref>Matthiessen, Peter (2010). The Tree Where Man Was Born. Penguin Classics. pp. 275–276. {{ISBN|0143106244}}.</ref> kuwaas oo ah qowmiyadda ugu weyn ee gobolka. ==Maamulka== Guddoomiyaha gobolka Manyara waa [[Queen Curthbet Sendiga]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130125045210/http://utumishi.go.tz/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=335&Itemid=173 Kitabu cha Mawasiliano Serikalini, Buugga Tusmada Dowladda Tansaaniya, 2012, bogga 170]</ref> ==Dhaqaalaha== Dadka deggan Gobolka Manyara inta badan waa beeralay. Dhaqaalaha gobolku wuxuu ku salaysan yahay macdanta [[Tanzanite]] ee laga qodo buuraha Mererani ee waqooyiga xadka ay la wadaagaan [[Gobolka Arusha]]. Ilaha kale ee dakhliga ayaa ka yimaada dalxiiska ee [[Tarangire National Park]], oo gebi ahaanba ku yaalla gobolka, iyo [[Lake Manyara National Park]]. ==Gaadiidka== ===Wadooyinka=== Hal waddo oo laami ah ayaa soo marta qaybta galbeed ee Gobolka Manyara. Waddada weyn ee laamiga ah ee T14 oo ka timaada [[Singida]] ayaa ku xirma waddada weyn ee T5 ee magaalada [[Babati]]. Waddada weyn ee T5 ee ka timaada [[Dodoma]] kuna socota [[Arusha]] ayaa soo marta gobolka; waxayna laami ka tahay [[Arusha]] ilaa [[Dodoma]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Shabakadda Wadooyinka Manyara|url=http://www.tanroads.go.tz/uploads/documents/en/1446620380-Manyara.pdf|website=Tanroads|access-date=14 December 2016}}</ref> ==Qaybaha maamulka== ===Degmooyinka=== Gobolka Manyara wuxuu u qaybsamaa lix [[Degmooyinka Tansaaniya|degmo]], mid kasta waxaa maamula gole: {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="7" | Degmooyinka Gobolka Manyara |- style="text-align:center;" ! Khariidad ! style="width: 10em" | Degmo ! style="width: 6em" | Dadka<br>(Tirakoobka 2012) |- | rowspan=7 | [[File:Manyara-Region.svg|300px]] | [[Babati District]] | style="text-align:right;" | 312,392 |- | [[Babati Urban District|Magaalada Babati]] | style="text-align:right;" | 93,108 |- | [[Hanang District]] | style="text-align:right;" | 275,990 |- | [[Kiteto District]] | style="text-align:right;" | 244,669 |- | [[Mbulu District]] | style="text-align:right;" | 320,279 |- | [[Simanjiro District]] | style="text-align:right;" | 178,693 |- | '''Wadarta''' | style="text-align:right;" | '''1,425,131''' |} ==Dadka caanka ah== * [[Gabriel Geay]], Orodyahan orodka fog, oo haysta rikoorka qaranka ee Marathon ee ka yimid Degmada Babati * [[John Stephen Akhwari]], Orodyahan ka yimid Degmada Mbulu, Manyara * [[Zakayo Malekwa]], Orodyahan, haysta rikoorka qaranka ee Javelin * [[Fabiano Joseph Naasi|Fabiano Joseph Nassi]], Orodyahan ka yimid Babati, Manyara. * [[Gidamis Shahanga]], Orodyahan ka yimid Katesh, Degmada Hanang, Manyara * [[Frederick Sumaye]], Ra'iisul Wasaarihii 7-aad ee Tansaaniya ==Sidoo kale eeg== * [[Liiska meelaha la ilaaliyo ee Tansaaniya]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons}} * {{URL|http://manyara.go.tz/|Bogga rasmiga ah}} {{Authority control}} tsgz4diwyldycfs7i9hzog8wfbdkmjf 10 49178 302190 2026-07-13T11:42:55Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User other|{{subpage other || {{short description|Tifatiraha Wikipedia-ga|noreplace}}}}}}{{{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{style|}}}|no|{{Namespace detect |talk=tmbox |other=ombox}}|ombox}} | image = {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{logo|}}}|yes|[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-en.svg|60px|alt=Astaanta dunida ee Wikipedia]]|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{style|}}}|no||none}}}} | imageright = {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{logo2|}}}|yes|[[File:Wikimedia Foundation RGB logo with text.svg|60px|link=foundation:|alt=Astaanta Wikimedia Foundation]]|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{logo|}}}|right|[[File:Wikimedia Foundation RGB logo with text.svg|60px|link=foundation:|alt=Astaanta Wikimedia Foundation]]}}}} | style = {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{style|}}}|no|<!-- no style -->|border:{{{border-s|1}}}px solid {{{border-c|var(--border-color-warning, #ffc9c9)}}}; background-color:{{{background|var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #fffff3)}}}; color:{{{color|var(--color-base, inherit)}}}; {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{rounded|}}}|yes|border-radius:15px; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing: 0px;}} {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{short|}}}|yes|width:60%; margin:{{{margin-style|1em auto}}};|margin-left:0; margin-right:0;}}}} | textstyle = {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{style|}}}|no|<!-- no style -->|font-size:85%; text-align:center;}} | text = '''Kani waa <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikipedia -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#112;&#101;&#100;&#105;&#97;</span></span> {{Namespace detect | talk = [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines#User talk pages|bogga wada-hadalka isticmaalaha]] | other = [[Wikipedia:User pages|bogga isticmaalaha]] }}.'''{{{1|<br />}}}Kani ma aha maqaal insaykalobeedhiya ama bog wadahadal oo loogu talagalay maqaal insaykalobeedhiya ah. Haddii aad boggan ka hesho goob kasta oo aan ahayn <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikipedia -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#112;&#101;&#100;&#105;&#97;</span>,</span> waxaad arkaysaa [[Wikipedia:Mirrors and forks|bog nuqul ah]]. Ogow in boggu laga yaabo inuu duugoobay iyo in isticmaalaha {{subpage other | kan oo boggani ku yaallo meesha bannaan | kan boggani ku saabsan yahay}} laga yaabo inuusan xiriir shaqsi ah la lahayn goob kale oo aan ahayn <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikipedia -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#112;&#101;&#100;&#105;&#97;</span></span>. Bogga asalka ah ee {{Namespace detect | talk = wada-hadalka | other = }} wuxuu ku yaallaa <span class="plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://en.wiki<!---->pedia.org/wiki/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}} <span>https://so.wiki</span><!----><span>pedia.org/wi</span><span>ki/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}</span>].</span> }}{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{noindex|}}}|yes|__NOINDEX__|}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude>``` m87nez0ukv2el7nu41brcoytkkgush7 302193 302190 2026-07-13T11:44:56Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User other|{{subpage other || {{short description|Tifatiraha Wikipedia-ga|noreplace}}}}}}{{{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{style|}}}|no|{{Namespace detect |talk=tmbox |other=ombox}}|ombox}} | image = {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{logo|}}}|yes|[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-en.svg|60px|alt=Astaanta dunida ee Wikipedia]]|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{style|}}}|no||none}}}} | imageright = {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{logo2|}}}|yes|[[File:Wikimedia Foundation RGB logo with text.svg|60px|link=foundation:|alt=Astaanta Wikimedia Foundation]]|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{logo|}}}|right|[[File:Wikimedia Foundation RGB logo with text.svg|60px|link=foundation:|alt=Astaanta Wikimedia Foundation]]}}}} | style = {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{style|}}}|no|<!-- no style -->|border:{{{border-s|1}}}px solid {{{border-c|var(--border-color-warning, #ffc9c9)}}}; background-color:{{{background|var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #fffff3)}}}; color:{{{color|var(--color-base, inherit)}}}; {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{rounded|}}}|yes|border-radius:15px; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing: 0px;}} {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{short|}}}|yes|width:60%; margin:{{{margin-style|1em auto}}};|margin-left:0; margin-right:0;}}}} | textstyle = {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{style|}}}|no|<!-- no style -->|font-size:85%; text-align:center;}} | text = '''Kani waa <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikipedia -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#112;&#101;&#100;&#105;&#97;</span></span> {{Namespace detect | talk = [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines#User talk pages|bogga wada-hadalka isticmaalaha]] | other = [[Wikipedia:User pages|bogga isticmaalaha]] }}.'''{{{1|<br />}}}Kani ma aha maqaal insaykalobeedhiya ama bog wadahadal oo loogu talagalay maqaal insaykalobeedhiya ah. Haddii aad boggan ka hesho goob kasta oo aan ahayn <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikipedia -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#112;&#101;&#100;&#105;&#97;</span>,</span> waxaad arkaysaa [[Wikipedia:Mirrors and forks|bog nuqul ah]]. Ogow in boggu laga yaabo inuu duugoobay iyo in isticmaalaha {{subpage other | kan oo boggani ku yaallo meesha bannaan | kan boggani ku saabsan yahay}} laga yaabo inuusan xiriir shaqsi ah la lahayn goob kale oo aan ahayn <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikipedia -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#112;&#101;&#100;&#105;&#97;</span></span>. Bogga asalka ah ee {{Namespace detect | talk = wada-hadalka | other = }} wuxuu ku yaallaa <span class="plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://en.wiki<!---->pedia.org/wiki/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}} <span>https://so.wiki</span><!----><span>pedia.org/wi</span><span>ki/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}</span>].</span> }}{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{noindex|}}}|yes|__NOINDEX__|}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> s2orgdhwtdw7vkakdsufhg2x5mceo8m 302194 302193 2026-07-13T11:46:13Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User other|{{subpage other || {{short description|Tifatiraha Wikipedia-ga|noreplace}}}}}}{{{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{style|}}}|no|{{Namespace detect |talk=tmbox |other=ombox}}|ombox}} | image = {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{logo|}}}|yes|[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-en.svg|60px|alt=Astaanta dunida ee Wikipedia]]|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{style|}}}|no||none}}}} | imageright = {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{logo2|}}}|yes|[[File:Wikimedia Foundation RGB logo with text.svg|60px|link=foundation:|alt=Astaanta Wikimedia Foundation]]|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{logo|}}}|right|[[File:Wikimedia Foundation RGB logo with text.svg|60px|link=foundation:|alt=Astaanta Wikimedia Foundation]]}}}} | style = {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{style|}}}|no|<!-- no style -->|border:{{{border-s|1}}}px solid {{{border-c|var(--border-color-warning, #ffc9c9)}}}; background-color:{{{background|var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #fffff3)}}}; color:{{{color|var(--color-base, inherit)}}}; {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{rounded|}}}|yes|border-radius:15px; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing: 0px;}} {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{short|}}}|yes|width:60%; margin:{{{margin-style|1em auto}}};|margin-left:0; margin-right:0;}}}} | textstyle = {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{style|}}}|no|<!-- no style -->|font-size:85%; text-align:center;}} | text = '''Kani waa <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikipedia -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#112;&#101;&#100;&#105;&#97;</span></span> {{Namespace detect | talk = [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines#User talk pages|bogga wada-hadalka isticmaalaha]] | other = [[Wikipedia:User pages|bogga isticmaalaha]] }}.'''{{{1|<br />}}}Kani ma aha maqaal insaykalobeedhiya ama bog wadahadal oo loogu talagalay maqaal insaykalobeedhiya ah. Haddii aad boggan ka hesho goob kasta oo aan ahayn <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikipedia -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#112;&#101;&#100;&#105;&#97;</span>,</span> waxaad arkaysaa [[Wikipedia:Mirrors and forks|bog nuqul ah]]. Ogow in boggu laga yaabo inuu duugoobay iyo in isticmaalaha {{subpage other | kan oo boggani ku yaallo meesha bannaan | kan boggani ku saabsan yahay}} laga yaabo inuusan xiriir shaqsi ah la lahayn goob kale oo aan ahayn <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikipedia -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#112;&#101;&#100;&#105;&#97;</span></span>. Bogga asalka ah ee {{Namespace detect | talk = wada-hadalka | other = }} wuxuu ku yaallaa <span class="plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://so.wiki<!---->pedia.org/wiki/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}} <span>https://so.wiki</span><!----><span>pedia.org/wi</span><span>ki/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}</span>].</span> }}{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{noindex|}}}|yes|__NOINDEX__|}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 1frxdjqhu1no2rxr3a2sotbj1p7jxkw 10 49179 302191 2026-07-13T11:43:33Z Isma4l 41797 /* */ 302191 wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude>{{safesubst:<noinclude/>#ifeq:{{safesubst:<noinclude/>SUBPAGENAME}}|{{safesubst:<noinclude/>ROOTPAGENAME}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{1|}}}}}</onlyinclude><!-- -->{{documentation}} k0itkwe4s7i80kxzt0zhv9wfh26yh2z